Publication:
Economic Brief
2008-2024
These are web-exclusive essays, from the Federal Reserve Bank of Richmond, on current economic issues and trends that are based on staff economists' ongoing research and published work.
- 2000s
- 2010s
- 2020s
- Asset Bubbles and Global Imbalances, No. 20-01
- Presidential Politics and Monetary Policy : Lessons From the 1896 Election, No. 20-02
- Who Values Access to College?, No. 20-03
- Understanding Discount Window Stigma, No. 20-04
- Loan-Delinquency Projections for COVID-19, No. 20-05
- Public and Private Debt After the Pandemic and Policy Normalization, No. 20-06
- Will COVID-19 Leave Lasting Economic Scars?, No. 20-07
- Federal Reserve MBS Purchases in Response to the COVID-19 Pandemic, No. 20-08
- School Quality as a Tool for Attracting People to Rural Areas, No. 20-09
- COVID-19 Over Time and Across States : Predictions From a Statistical Model, No. 20-10
- How Do Small Business Finance and Monetary Policy Interact?, No. 20-11
- Lifespan Inequality and Social Security Reform, No. 20-12
- Sovereign CDS Dealers as Market Stabilizers, No. 20-13
- High-Frequency Indexes Excel in Times of Extreme Uncertainty, No. 21-01
- Delving into Climate Change Economics, No. 21-02
- Macroeconomic Effects of Household Pessimism and Optimism, No. 21-03
- Seek and Ye Shall Not Find : The Absence of Hysteresis in U.S. Macroeconomic Data , No. 21-04
- Bank Lending in the Time of COVID, No. 21-05
- High Labor Market Churn During the 2020 Recession, No. 21-06
- Incarceration's Life-Long Impact on Earnings and Employment, No. 21-07
- College-Educated Immigrants Bolster U.S. Productivity, No. 21-08
- Who Borrows From the Discount Window in 'Normal' Times?, No. 21-09
- Should the Fed Issue Digital Currency?, No. 21-10
- Why Don't Low-Income Countries Adopt More Productive Technologies?, No. 21-11
- MMT and Government Finance : You Can't Always Get What You Want, No. 21-12
- GameStop, AMC and the Self-Fulfilling Beliefs of Stock Buyers, No. 21-13
- Gender Diversity, Vaccine Allocation, Immigration and More : A Recap of the Spring Research Workshop, No. 21-14
- The Shortcomings of a Work-Biased Welfare System, No. 21-15
- Who Should Get Vaccines First?, No. 21-16
- Should Central Banks Worry About Facebook's Diem and Alibaba's Alipay?, No. 21-17
- Was There a Better Way to Contain COVID-19?, No. 21-18
- How Macroeconomic Forecasters Adjusted During the COVID-19 Pandemic, No. 21-19
- Should More Student Loan Borrowers Use Income-Driven Repayment Plans?, No. 21-20
- Why Is the U.S. Lagging in Adopting Mobile Payments?, No. 21-21
- What Does the FOMC's Shift in Fed Funds Rate Target Language Mean?, No. 21-22
- Eldernomics: A Richmond Fed Conference, No. 21-23
- Can an Individual Large Firm Impact the U.S. Business Cycle?, No. 21-24
- How Much Does Household Consumption Impact Business Cycles?, No. 21-25
- Unemployment Insurance : Economic Lessons From the Last Two Recessions, No. 21-26
- Climate Change and Financial Stability? Recalling Lessons from the Great Recession, No. 21-27
- How Do Employers Recruit New Workers?, No. 21-28
- What Do Recent Studies Say About Crime and Policing? Part 1, No. 21-29a
- What Do Recent Studies Say About Crime and Policing? Part 2, No. 21-29b
- How Broad-Based Is the Recent High Inflation?, No. 21-30
- The Fed’s Evolving Involvement in the Repo Markets, No. 21-31
- Why Do People Save During Retirement?, No. 21-32
- Inflation Expectations : Separating the Signal From the Noise, No. 21-33
- How Do Firms Choose Where to Place Establishments?, No. 21-34
- What Can Firm-Level Data Show About Immigration's Impact on Labor Markets?, No. 21-35
- Revisiting the Beveridge Curve : Why Has It Shifted so Dramatically?, No. 21-36
- The Role of Demographics and Incarceration in Mortality Risk, No. 21-37
- Mortgage Refinance Costs and a Better Adjustable-Rate Mortgage Contract, No. 21-38
- COVID Transfers Dampening Employment Growth, But Not Necessarily a Bad Thing, No. 21-39
- Anatomy of a Pandemic Recovery Across Sectors and Regions, No. 21-40
- Pricing and Mispricing of Climate Risks in U.S. Financial Markets, No. 21-41
- Firm Closures, a Global Phillips Curve, and More : A Recap of the Fall Research Workshop, No. 21-42
- The Borrower of Last Resort : What Explains the Rise of ON RRP Facility Usage?, No. 21-43
- Measuring Labor Market Power in the U.S. Manufacturing Sector, No. 22-01
- Market Freezes, Shadow Bank Runs and More : A Recap of the Monetary Economics Conference, No. 22-02
- How Expectations About Future Productivity Drive Inventories, No. 22-03
- Does Infrastructure Spending Boost the Economy?, No. 22-04
- How Post-2008 Financial Regulations Impacted Corporate Bond Liquidity, No. 22-05
- Bank Resolution and the Fed’s New Standing Repo Facility, No. 22-06
- Are Firms Using Remote Work to Recruit and Retain Workers?, No. 22-07
- Are Firms Factoring Increasing Inflation Into Their Prices?, No. 22-08
- What Is SWIFT, and Could Sanctions Impact the U.S. Dollar's Dominance?, No. 22-09
- Relative Price Changes Are Unlikely to Account for Recent High Inflation, No. 22-10
- How Does Trade Policy Get Decided?, No. 22-11
- The Pandemic's Impact on Unemployment and Labor Force Participation Trends, No. 22-12
- Government Programs and Their Effects on Welfare and Employment : A Conference Recap, No. 22-13
- Are Some Homebuyers Strategically Transferring Climate Risks to Lenders?, No. 22-14
- Projecting the Evolution of the Fed's Balance Sheet, No. 22-15
- The Pandemic, Child Care and Women’s Labor Force Participation, No. 22-16
- A More Comprehensive Measure of the Black-White Wealth Gap, No. 22-17
- Can Immigration Help Boost Rural Economies in the Fifth District and Beyond?, No. 22-18
- Recent Research in Monetary Policy and Central Banking : A Conference Recap, No. 22-19
- Are There Compelling Reasons to Consider a Central Bank Digital Currency for the U.S.?, No. 22-20
- A Historical Perspective on Digital Currencies, No. 22-21
- Why Use a Diffusion Index?, No. 22-22
- Information and Core-Periphery Structure in Over-the-Counter Markets, No. 22-23
- Why Stablecoins Fail : An Economist's Post-Mortem on Terra, No. 22-24
- Do Black Households Face Higher and More Volatile Inflation?, No. 22-25
- Central Bank Digital Currencies and Regulatory Alternatives : The Case for Stablecoins, No. 22-26
- The Impacts of Immigration : A Conference Recap, No. 22-27
- Casinos and Regional Economies : Has the Game Changed?, No. 22-28
- The Potential Impact of Public Service Student Loan Forgiveness in the Fifth District, No. 22-29
- Recession Predictors : An Evaluation, No. 22-30
- How Persistent Is Inflation?, No. 22-31
- Do Student Loans Drive Up College Tuition?, No. 22-32
- Introducing the Credit Market Sentiment Index, No. 22-33
- Intermediation and Bank Liquidity : A Conference Recap, No. 22-34
- How Speculation Affects the Market and Outcome-Based Values of Innovation, No. 22-35
- Changing Recruiting Practices and Methods in the Tight Labor Market, No. 22-36
- Anticipated FOMC Policy, Inflation and Credibility, No. 22-37
- Building A Pipeline Between Producer and Consumer Prices, No. 22-38
- Analyzing Fiscal Policy Matters More Than Ever : The Fiscal Theory of the Price Level and Inflation, No. 22-39
- How Do Real Exchange Rates Vary in Hard and Soft Sovereign Defaults?, No. 22-40
- Price Changes and Monetary Non-Neutrality, No. 22-41
- Trade, Specialization, Property Rights and Wealth Inequality : A Conference Recap, No. 22-42
- Applied Macro-Econometrics : A Conference Recap, No. 22-43
- How Did Pandemic UI Benefits Affect Employment Recovery in Local Industry Markets?, No. 22-44
- When Should Employees Be Suspended Instead of Fired?, No. 22-45
- What Makes Supply Chains More Resilient to Economic Shocks?, No. 22-46
- Commuting Patterns and Economic Connectivity in the Fifth District, No. 22-47
- Race and Economic Outcomes : A Conference Recap, No. 22-48
- How Big Is the Inheritance Gap Between Black and White Families?, No. 22-49
- Community College as a Steppingstone, No. 22-50
- Historical Redlining and Unequal Environmental Risks, No. 22-51
- How Does Trade Impact the Way GDP Growth and Inflation Comove Across Countries?, No. 23-01
- Secular Trends in Macroeconomics and Firm Dynamics : A Conference Recap, No. 23-02
- What Survey Measures of Inflation Expectations Tell Us, No. 23-03
- Policies for Improving Sovereign Debt Restructurings, No. 23-04
- How Important Are Asset Price Fluctuations for Business Investment?, No. 23-05
- Why Are Startups Important for the Economy?, No. 23-06
- Fed Balance Sheet Normalization and the Minimum Level of Ample Reserves, No. 23-07
- Trade-offs in Fulfilling the Fed's Dual Mandate, No. 23-08
- What Is a Crypto Conglomerate Like FTX? Economics and Regulations, No. 23-09
- Why Do Long-Term Unemployed Workers Struggle to Find New Jobs?, No. 23-10
- Detecting Inflation Instability, No. 23-11
- Black-White Differences in Student Loan Default Rates Among College Graduates, No. 23-12
- Unemployment Changes as Recession Indicators, No. 23-13
- How Much Do Labor Costs Affect Prices in Recessions and in Expansions?, No. 23-14
- Why Are Economists Still Uncertain About the Effects of Monetary Policy?, No. 23-15
- How Well Do Firms Retain Customers After Price Increases?, No. 23-16
- Networks, Innovation and Productivity : A Conference Recap, No. 23-17
- Goodfriend Memorial Lecture : Knowledge Creation and Diffusion, No. 23-18
- How Well Insured Are Older Americans?, No. 23-19
- Partisan Conflict in the U.S. and Potential Impacts on the Economy, No. 23-20
- How Much Do Multinational Companies in the U.S. Depend on Immigrant Workers?, No. 23-21
- The Effects of Higher Borrowing Costs : Insights from Sovereign Default Models, No. 23-22
- Innovation, Diffusion and Intellectual Property Rights, No. 23-23
- How Costly Is Rising Market Power for the U.S. Economy?, No. 23-24
- A New Look at the Effects of Weather Shocks Over Time, No. 23-25
- A Rate Cycle Unlike Any Other, No. 23-26
- Mortgage Spreads and the Yield Curve, No. 23-27
- A Look at the Impact of the Work-From-Home Revolution, No. 23-28
- The Pandemic’s Effects on Children’s Education, No. 23-29
- A Small Contribution to Measuring the Lags in Monetary Policy Transmission, No. 23-30
- Untangling Persistent Inflation: Understanding the Factors at Work, No. 23-31
- The Stars Our Destination : An Update for Our R* Model, No. 23-32
- The Collateral Channel and Bank Credit, No. 23-33
- Removing Conflict of Interest for Agents of Homebuyers, No. 23-34
- Perspectives on the Banking Turmoil of 2023, No. 23-35
- How Domestic Outsourcing Affects the Labor Market, No. 23-36
- What Does Sectoral Inflation Tell Us About the Aggregate Trend in Inflation?, No. 23-37
- Profits and Inflation in the Time of COVID, No. 23-38
- Portfolios Across the U.S. Wealth Distribution, No. 23-39
- How Are Women Represented in Economic Research at the Fed?, No. 23-40
- Sorting in the Labor Market, No. 23-41
- Did U.S. Immigration Policy Influence India’s IT Boom?, No. 23-42
- Essentiality of Money: A Historical Perspective, No. 24-01
- Inflation Expectations and Price Setting Among Fifth District Firms, No. 24-03
- Of Soft, Hard and Aborted Landings, No. 24-02
- How Female Labor Supply Shapes Aggregate Labor Market Dynamics, No. 24-04
- Diverging Trends in Market Concentration, No. 24-05
- How Does Market Competition Affect Banks' Adaptation to Changes in Flood Risks?, No. 24-06
- Are Place-Based Policies a Boon for Everyone?, No. 24-07
- Real Estate Commissions and Home Search Efficiency, No. 24-08
- Inflation and Relative Price Changes Since the Onset of the Pandemic, No. 24-09
- Stargazing: Estimating r* in Other Countries, No. 24-10
- Developments in Antitrust Policy Against Labor Market Monopsony, No. 24-11
- Can China Avoid a Liquidity-Trap Recession? Some Unintended Consequences of Macroprudential Policies, No. 24-12
- Residual Seasonality in Monthly Core Inflation, No. 24-13
- Career Progressions and Wage Growth: Is There a One-Size-Fits-All Job Ladder?, No. 24-14
- How Do College-Educated Immigrants Affect US Firms and Workers?, No. 24-15
- Return-to-Office Orders: A Survey Analysis of Employment Impacts, No. 24-16
- Are Younger Generations of Women Prepared for Retirement?, No. 24-17
- How Do Demographics Influence r*?, 24-18
- Aggregate Effects of the Adoption of AI, 24-19
- Economic Policy Uncertainty in Election Years, 24-20
- Redlining and U.S. Residential Mortgage Market Pricing, 24-21
- Assessing GSE Mortgage Portfolios’ Exposure to Past and Future Flood Risk, 24-22
- Tracking College Tuition Growth, 24-23
- Commuting Patterns and Characteristics of Fifth District Counties, No. 24-24
- The Productivity Puzzle: AI, Technology Adoption and the Workforce, No. 24-25
- How Can We Make a Progressive Tax System More Efficient?, No. 24-26
- Sectoral Multipliers and Technology Adoption as Insight Into Growth, No. 24-27
- Will Interest Rates Remain Elevated Even as Monetary Policy Normalizes?, No. 24-28
- Understanding the Lack of Skill Specialization in Peru, No. 24-29
- A Model-Based Perspective on Inflation and the Distribution of Relative Price Changes, No. 24-30
- Racial Differences in the Medical Spending of Older Americans, No. 24-31
- Career Progressions and Wage Growth: Decreasing the Gap Between Richer and Poorer Workers, No. 24-32
- The Living Arrangements of Older Households, No. 24-33
- The Persistent Decline of LFP Rates for Older Individuals Around the Pandemic, No. 24-34
- To Whom It May Concern: Demographic Differences in Letters of Recommendation, No. 24-35
- Examining the Differences in r* Estimates, No. 24-36
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2008-2024
Federal Reserve Bank of Richmond
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