Publication
On the Economy
2014-2025
St. Louis Fed On the Economy® offers frequent commentary, analysis and data from our economic experts. Current posts can be found at the St. Louis Fed's website here.
- 2010s
- How Risky Is China's Shadow Banking System?
- Eighth District Economic Conditions Are Mixed
- Job Searching: Some Methods Yield Better Results than Others
- Are the Long-Term Unemployed Different?
- Young Families Still Lag Everyone Else in Recovery from Recession
- The Deleveraging of U.S. Households
- Lowflation in Advanced Economies
- St. Louis Fed CDIAC Welcomes New Members
- Discouraged Workers: What Do We Know?
- The Economic Recovery with Malfunctioning Sectors
- Employment Is Back? It Depends
- Paying Down Credit Card Debt: A Breakdown by Income and Age
- Chasing Returns Has a High Cost for Investors
- The Rise and Fall of Labor Force Participation in the U.S.
- Economic Activity Rises in Most Fed Districts
- The Divergence of Spot Oil Prices
- 38th Fall Conference Volume Now Available
- Inflation and the Role of Fed Credibility
- Is Bitcoin a Good Money?
- Debt Crisis in Europe Easing, but Not Over
- The Effects of Monetary Policy Surprises on Asset Prices
- How Important Have Employment Revisions Been the Past Two Years?
- Why Inflation Matters in Setting Monetary Policy
- St. Louis Fed Launches New Federal Banking Regulations Website
- How the Construction Sector Has Factored into Slow Employment Recovery from the Recession
- A Comparison of American and Canadian Employment
- Why News of China's Economy Surpassing the U.S.'s Should Be Met with Caution
- Accounting for Discouraged Workers in the Unemployment Rate
- The Recession's Effect on Job Churn
- Quality Farmland Values Down in Eighth District
- A Tame Taper
- Do Revisions to GDP Follow Patterns?
- The Share of Borrowers with High Student Loan Balances Is Rising
- How the Liquidity Trap Keeps Inflation Low
- Inequality and Growth: The Relationship Isn't Simple
- Why St. Louis Received a Federal Reserve Bank
- Beige Book: All Fed Districts Report Economic Activity Expansion
- Why Have Food Price Fluctuations in the U.S. and China Become More Correlated?
- Serious Mortgage Delinquencies Fell from End of Last Year
- How the Eighth Federal Reserve District Was Formed
- What Is the St. Louis Fed Financial Stress Index?
- What's Behind the Default Rate on Student Loans?
- Where Is the Slack in the Labor Market?
- Three Economic Indicators That May Regain Focus in Policy Debate and Outlook
- Youth Unemployment Notably High in Southern Europe
- Second Quarter Burgundy Books: Eighth District Economic Conditions Are Mixed
- Increasing House Values Playing Significant Role in Wealth Recovery
- Wealth Share of Hispanic Population May Triple by 2025
- Changes in Fed Communications in Recent Years
- Four Metro Areas Paint Four Different Pictures of Job Growth in Eighth District
- Job Separation Rate Shows Economic Shifts
- Student Debt in Low- and Moderate-Income Areas
- What Private Payroll Employment Numbers Say about the Labor Market
- The Effects of Extending Unemployment Insurance Benefits
- Beige Book: All Federal Reserve Districts Report Expanded Economic Activity
- Mutual Fund Flows and Investor Behavior
- St. Louis Fed's GeoFRED Receives Several Enhancements
- The Cost of Chasing Returns
- Wealth Inequality May Be a Bigger Problem in the U.S. Than Income Inequality
- How Does Income Inequality Compare across U.S. States and around the World?
- Recent ECB Policy and Inflation Expectations
- Comparing International Bond Yields
- Part-Time Worker Levels Remain a Concern
- The Federal Budget: How the U.S. Got Here, and Where It Is Headed
- Working Part Time — But Not by Choice
- Farmland Values in the Eighth District Decline
- Forecasting National Inflation Rates
- The Link between Default and Depreciation
- How the Fed's Regional Structure Affects Monetary Policy
- Despite Aggressive Deleveraging, Generation X Remains "Generation Debt"
- What Does Money Velocity Tell Us about Low Inflation in the U.S.?
- Three Faces of Inflation: U.S., Japan and the Eurozone
- Beige Book: Economic Activity Expands, No Distinct Shift in Overall Pace of Growth
- How Have Labor Market Flows Changed Since the Great Recession?
- The Great Recession Casts a Long Shadow on Family Finances
- Serious Mortgage Delinquencies Fell, House Prices Rose Last Quarter
- Where Can GeoFRED Take You?
- A History of FOMC Dissents
- Community Banking Research Conference To Be Webcast
- Delinquency Rate on Credit Card Loans at Historical Low
- The Issues with New Unemployment Insurance Claims as a Labor Market Indicator
- Third Quarter Burgundy Books: Optimism Remains Mixed
- Health Care Affordability Gap Widens between the Rich and the Poor
- U.S. Job Polarization Persists
- Lack of Hires Had Larger Effect on Labor Market in Recession Than Separations
- Measuring (Most of) the Slack in the Labor Market
- Credit Card Delinquency Rates Falling Faster for Younger Households
- Beige Book: Most Fed Districts See Continued Economic Growth
- Explaining Recent Asset Price Movements
- Fed Banks Complete Research on Payment System Improvements
- Timely Topics: The Fed's Regional Structure
- What Do Macroeconomists Think about the Impact of Fiscal Stimulus?
- A Look at the 100 Years of Service of the Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
- Terrorism: A Threat to Foreign Direct Investment
- Many Households Remain Underwater on Their Mortgages
- Timely Topics: The Gold Standard
- The History of FRED
- Rising Education Costs Have Had Little Impact on Household Budgets
- Credit to Noncorporate Businesses Remains Tight
- Why Is Credit Card Delinquency Declining?
- Fewer Younger, Richer Households Have Negative Home Equity
- Farmland Values Up, Farm Income Down in Eighth District
- Why the St. Louis Fed Focuses on Academic Research
- How Was Recovery Act Money Spent on Labor?
- Projecting GDP Growth Using Labor Force Participation Trends
- Are Wages and the Unemployment Rate Correlated?
- The Duties of the St. Louis Fed's Board of Directors
- Beige Book: Economic Activity Continued To Expand
- Why Don't Gas Prices Always Move in Sync with Oil Prices?
- Serious Mortgage Delinquencies Fell during Third Quarter
- The State of Low- and Moderate-Income Communities
- How Has the Bankruptcy Act Affected Bankruptcy Filings?
- Five Simple Questions That Reveal Your Financial Health
- How Have Households Deleveraged Since the Great Recession?
- Will Household Deleveraging End Anytime Soon?
- Fourth Quarter Burgundy Books: Most Contacts Optimistic
- Monetary Policy and the Output Gap
- Homeownership and House Prices No Longer in Sync
- Why Do Households Borrow (or Save)?
- The Differences between House Price Indexes
- Earnings Inequality and Social Security Disability Payments
- Can Corporate Social Responsibility Be Profitable?
- How Difficult Is Moving Up in Income in the Eighth District?
- The Word ''Patient'' Isn't New to the FOMC Statement
- Oil Prices: Is Supply or Demand behind the Slump?
- Beige Book: National Economic Activity Expands
- Where Is the "Peril" of Deflation Striking Back?
- What Is the Economic Impact of High School Choice?
- A Deeper Look at the Effect of High School Choice on Wages
- What Are the Pros and Cons of Unemployment Benefits?
- Looking at Recessions through a Different Lens
- Keeping a Watchful Eye
- Can Countries Escape the Low- or Middle-Income Trap?
- Emerging Economies' Vulnerability to Monetary Policy Changes
- Why Did Labor Force Participation by Youth Drop?
- Trends in Youth Not in Education, Employment or Training
- Are Oil Price Declines Good for the Economy?
- The Effect of Recent ECB Policy on Inflation Expectations
- Economic Mobility across Federal Reserve Districts
- Farm Income and Household Spending Down in Eighth District
- What Size Firm Has Created the Most Jobs in the Recovery?
- Growth in Income Inequality Not the Same across the Nation
- Comparing the Latin American and European Debt Crises
- Using Exchange Rates as Monetary Policy Instruments
- How Should Labor Productivity Be Measured?
- Beige Book: Economic Activity Expands across Most Regions
- How World War I Changed Marriage Patterns in Europe
- Serious Mortgage Delinquencies Fell during Fourth Quarter
- Which States Are Most Affected by Falling Oil Prices?
- Mortgage Debt and the Great Recession
- A Look at Household Debt around the Great Recession
- How Important Are Oil and Gas to the U.S. Economy?
- What Sitzfleisch Has To Do with Wages
- Fall Conference Interviews Feature Wide Range of Topics
- First Quarter Burgundy Books: Contacts Remain Optimistic
- How Long Until "Slack" Is Out of the Labor Market?
- The Impact of Financial Education
- Fewer Jobs Are Being Created and Being Destroyed
- How Did the Recovery Act Impact School Jobs?
- The Financial Pressures of the Middle Class
- How Asian Families Are Catching White Families in Wealth
- By One Measure, Deflationary Pressure Seems To Be Subsiding
- Beige Book: Economic Activity Expands in Most Fed Districts
- Delinquent Student Loan Borrowers Are Getting Further Behind
- Student Loan Delinquency Rates Aren't Getting Worse
- A Breakdown of Bank Failures in 2014
- Living Arrangements, Labor Force Participation and Income
- Use of St. Louis Fed Economic Education Materials Grows
- Internal Devaluation in Eurozone Peripheral Countries
- Costs of Defaulting on Credit Card Debt Vary
- Pattern in Job Gains after Recessions Appears To Be Changing
- Who Holds the U.S. Public Debt?
- How Accurate Are Measures of Inflation Expectations?
- How Much Do Oil Prices Affect Inflation?
- How To Measure the Black Market
- The Connection between Job Growth and Safety
- Other Sources of the Education/Wealth Correlation
- Does Moving for a Job Mean Higher Wages?
- What Determines How Much Countries Trade?
- The Effects of Contract Enforcement and Corruption on Trade
- What Drives Long-Run Economic Growth?
- Education, Financial Decisions and Wealth
- Beige Book: Overall Economic Activity Expands
- Liftoff and the Natural Rate of Interest
- How International Trade Affects the U.S. Labor Market
- Seriously Delinquent Mortgages Continue To Decline
- The Unemployment Rate vs. Other Indicators
- The Financial Gaps Widen between Those with Advanced Degrees and Everyone Else
- What Matters More for Business Cycles: Global or Regional Factors?
- The Effect of Regional Factors on National Business Cycles
- Are Links between Countries' Business Cycles Increasingly Global or Regional?
- Labor Force Participation: The U.S. and Its Peers
- Does a Falling Unemployment Rate Imply Rising Wages?
- Second Quarter Burgundy Books: Contacts Optimistic about 2015 Conditions
- Despite Financial Woes, Greece's Business Climate Has Improved
- Wages Aren't Keeping Up with Economic Growth
- The Fed's Assets before and after the Great Recession
- The Return of Bubble Talk about the Technology Market
- The Steps for the FOMC to Return to Normal Monetary Policy
- An Overview of the Connection between Education and Wealth
- What the Markets Are Signaling about Inflation Expectations and Fed Credibility
- What Causes Business Cycles to Sync More: Depth or Breadth of Trade?
- Beige Book: All Districts Report Economic Expansion
- Do Recessions Mean Even Lower Wages When the Unemployed Rejoin the Workforce?
- What Roles Do Age and Birth Year Play in Income and Wealth?
- What Drives People to Work in Risky Occupations?
- Why Does the U.S. Have Such a Large Trade Deficit with China?
- Unemployment Insurance Fraud and the Great Recession
- Wealth Gap Widens between Young and Old Families
- Lifetime Education Benefits Have Never Been So High
- A Link between Oil Prices and Inflation Expectations?
- Should Core Inflation Be Measured Differently?
- Curing Cancer through Financial Engineering
- 3 Reasons Families Gain Wealth as They Age
- Why Has the U.S. Net Foreign Asset Position Weakened?
- Why Didn't Higher Education Protect the Wealth of Hispanics and Blacks to the Same Degree As It Did that of Whites and Asians?
- Lower-Paying Jobs Grew at a Faster Rate than Higher-Paying Jobs in the Eighth District
- Career Switching Is Occurring Less Often, not More
- Oil Prices' Effect on Employment Growth
- State Policy Effects on Unauthorized Immigration
- The Yuan as a Global Reserve Currency?
- Inflation Remains Tepid, but Shelter Costs Are Above Trend
- Beige Book: Six Districts See Moderate Growth
- August Nonfarm Payroll Numbers Lower than Forecasted? Wait for the Revisions
- How Have Prime-Age Workers in School Affected the Labor Market?
- Is the Recovery an Example of Secular Stagnation?
- Deposits Grow across Banks Following Financial Crisis
- What If Greece Needs Another Bailout?
- Why Has Household Debt Declined?
- The Effect of Race or Ethnicity on Income and Wealth
- Has the Phillips Curve Relationship Broken Down?
- Third Quarter Burgundy Books: Optimism Improving in Some Areas
- Why Did Markets Drop after the FOMC Meeting?
- Are We Really Consuming More Services?
- Where in the Map Is Low Inflation Coming from?
- Why India's Structural Transformation Is Unusual
- Predicting the Impact of Oil Prices on Inflation
- Why Do Job Finding Rates Fall the Longer Someone Is Unemployed?
- The Great Housing Boom of China
- Beige Book: Modest Expansion in Economic Activity
- Is Currency Appreciation to Blame for China's Slowdown?
- What Roles Do Teacher Traits Play in Teaching Economics?
- Why Are More Young Adults Still Living at Home?
- Which Regions Have Recovered from the Great Recession?
- China's Impact on Global Recovery from the Recession
- How Tight Is the Labor Market?
- Labor Market Slack and the Insured Unemployment Rate
- Will Real Yields Decline Further if Inflation Rises?
- The Relationship between Wage Growth and Inflation
- How Much Does Government Spending Boost Aggregate Employment?
- India's Services Sector Is Booming, While Manufacturing Lags
- Improving Business Climates and Escaping the Middle-Income Trap
- Long-Term Unemployment Affected Older Women Most Following Recession
- The Effects of Stimulus Spending on Surrounding Areas
- What We Can Learn from Japan's Aging Workforce
- Long-Term Unemployment Hit Which Ages Hardest?
- International Asset Prices and Trade in Intermediate Goods
- Compliance Costs Community Banks $4.5 Billion Annually, Survey Shows
- Beige Book: Most Regions Saw Modest Economic Growth
- It's the Older Workers Who Have the Job Skills
- How to Become an Industrialized Nation
- How Big Should the U.S.'s Disability Insurance Program Be?
- Getting Caught in the Low- or Middle-Income Trap
- Why Can't Developing Countries Catch Up?
- Escaping the Middle-Income Trap: The Experiences of Ireland and Mexico
- Fourth Quarter Burgundy Books: Unemployment Lowest in Years
- How Credit Card Debt Default Has Evolved
- Why Are Some Countries So Rich and Others So Poor?
- What Causes a Country's Standard of Living to Rise?
- The Rise of China's Manufacturing
- Wealth Is Becoming More Concentrated among the Richest Families
- Jobs Involving Routine Tasks Aren't Growing
- Overestimating the Loss of Human Capital
- How Volatile Are the Volatility Indexes?
- Why Did Loan Growth Stay Negative So Long after the Recession?
- Private Investment Behavior around the Great Recession
- Beige Book: Economic Activity Expands in 9 Districts
- What Issues Do Low- and Moderate-Income Households and Communities Face?
- How Much Do Trade Barriers Affect the Income Gap between Countries?
- The Issues Affecting Low- and Moderate-Income People Differ between Metro and Rural Areas
- From the Archives: Burton Malkiel's Thoughts on Alan Greenspan
- Serving Low- and Moderate-Income Individuals and Households
- How Do Rate Hikes Affect the Dollar's Exchange Rate?
- The GDP-Jobs Schism Looks to Have Asserted Itself Again in 2015
- Lots of Liquidity Entered the Economy. Where Did It Go?
- Not All Interest Rates May Rise after Liftoff
- Why Has the Share of Mortgage Debt in Default Fallen?
- Russia's Economy Is Catching the U.S.'s, but It Has a Long Way to Go
- Comments on the FOMC's Amendments to Its Statement on Longer-Run Goals
- Global Current Account Surplus: Is There Trade with Other Planets?
- What Future Oil Price Is Consistent with Current Inflation Expectations?
- Russia's Demographic Problems Aren't New
- Is the U.S. Due for Another Recession?
- Looking beyond the Unemployment Rate
- Beige Book: St. Louis District Economic Activity Was Mixed
- A Follow-Up to Oil Prices and Inflation Expectations
- The Education Levels of Spain's Unemployed
- Small Businesses More Satisfied with Small Bank Lending
- Can the Sufficient Statistic Approach Avoid the Lucas Critique?
- How Does Trade Differ between the U.S. and Eighth District?
- Better Measure of Output: GDP or GDI?
- Why Is the Homeownership Rate Still Falling?
- Is the Yield Curve Signaling a Recession?
- Optimism Wanes among District Business Contacts
- How Has the Current Account of the U.S. Changed?
- Projecting Real GDP Growth for the Next Decade
- Nearly Half of Job Switchers Earn Less in Their New Roles
- Many Negative Labor Market Trends Started before the Great Recession
- Negative Labor Market Trends Accelerated in the 2000s
- Using PMI to Gauge the U.S.'s and China's Economies
- Auto and Student Debt Continue Rising
- Beige Book: Economic Activity Expands, but Paces Vary
- Small Businesses and Financing Shortfalls
- How Has Immigration Grown in the U.S., Eighth District?
- Where Are Immigrants to the U.S. Coming From?
- Trade in the U.S., Eighth District by Commodity
- Negative Interest Rates: A Tax in Sheep's Clothing
- When Should You Buy Gas?
- Why Do Gas Prices Cycle in the Midwest?
- Consumer Debt Grew, Fell Slower in Eighth District Versus the Nation
- How Does Government Spending Affect Inflation?
- How Many Unemployed People Are Jobless All Month?
- Are Banks More Profitable When Interest Rates Are High or Low?
- Serious Delinquency Rates for Student Loans Remain High
- Why Is the Labor Force Participation Rate Increasing?
- Are Rising Stock Prices Related to Income Inequality?
- Four Things China Could Do to Address Capital Outflows
- How Did China Build Up Its Reserves?
- Why Does China Have Large Foreign Exchange Reserves?
- The Great Recession's Effect on the Federal Budget
- Beige Book: Economic Activity Expands in Most Districts
- Do Demographics Affect Loan Delinquency?
- The Connection between Commodity Prices and Output
- China, Commodities and Emerging Economies
- Issues with Some Views on China's Rise
- China's Previous Attempts at Industrialization
- The Three Phases of China's Rise as an Industrial Power
- Are Emerging Economies Becoming More Resilient?
- Who Caused Credit Card Debt to Rise? To Decline?
- Optimism Improves among District Business Contacts
- Households Less Likely to Say Using Credit Is OK
- How Has Unemployment Rate Recovery Varied across the Country?
- How Has Income Inequality Changed over the Years?
- The Fed, Interest Rates and Monetary Policy
- The Fed and Interest Rates: A Floor with a Subfloor
- Regulations, Labor Costs and the Recovery
- How Successful Is the Fed at Controlling Interest Rates?
- Consumer Debt Is on the Rise
- Beige Book: Economic Activity Expands at Modest Pace
- Jobs Found through Referrals Pay More
- How Is Income Inequality Measured?
- Why the Federal Reserve Was Founded
- How the Federal Reserve System Was Formed
- Why Missouri Received Two Federal Reserve Banks
- China's Currency and Net International Income Flow
- Rates of Seriously Delinquent Auto, Student Debt Rise in First Quarter
- Are Key Investment Indicators Signaling a Recession?
- When Banks Expand Credit, Who Actually Receives It?
- Does Government Spending Create Jobs?
- How Are Populations Shifting within Developed Countries?
- Did It Matter What Types of Assets the Fed Purchased?
- Income Persists More than Wealth between Generations
- Economic Mobility, Residual Wealth and Policy Implications
- Job Flexibility and the Gender Pay Gap
- The Connection between House Prices and Consumption
- St. Louis Fed Index Forecasts Bounce Back in Real GDP Growth
- The St. Louis Fed's New Approach to Near-Term Projections
- How Does Available Credit Affect Finding Jobs?
- Consumer Surveys, Inflation Expectations and the FOMC
- The Timing of Labeling a Bank ''Too Big to Fail'' Matters
- Real GDP Projected at 3.6% Annual Rate in Third Quarter
- New SEC Rules Cause Shift in Money Market Fund Assets
- Beige Book: Economic Activity Continues Modest Expansion
- Labor Compensation and Productivity Gap Keeps Growing
- Why Firms in Developing Nations Don't Grow as Fast
- Aging Populations May Mean Lower Economic Growth
- Recent College Grads, Student Loans and Unemployment
- Who Works More Hours Per Week: Rich or Poor Countries?
- Matching Jobs with the Right Skill Levels
- Was the Great Moderation Simply on Vacation?
- What Was Behind the Boom and Bust in House Prices?
- Economic Optimism Improves Overall in Eighth District
- How Consumer Debt Has Evolved in the Nation and the Eighth District
- What Will Inflation Be over the Next Year?
- What Does the Market Say about the Presidential Election?
- The Speed of Filling Jobs Is Declining
- Financial Distress around the Great Recession
- Employment, Capacity Utilization and Business Cycles
- How Do Incomes in the Largest Cities Compare?
- Beige Book: U.S. Economic Activity Continues to Expand
- The Stock Market Is Up, but Mutual Fund Investors Are Fleeing
- How Is St. Louis' Population Expected to Shift?
- Did China's One-Child Policy Really Have an Effect?
- How Dense Is St. Louis' Population?
- The Default Risk of Oil-Producing Countries
- Uncovering Credit Disparities among Low- and Moderate-Income Areas
- How Do Central Banks Typically Control Inflation?
- How Neo-Fisherism Differs from Conventional Central Banking Wisdom
- What Does Neo-Fisherism Say about Unconventional Monetary Policy?
- Mortgage Debt's Share of Total Debt Keeps Declining
- Auto Debt Continues to Soar
- Housing Has Become More Affordable over the Long Term
- Real GDP Growth Projected at 3.7% Annual Rate in Q4
- To Borrow, or not to Borrow?
- Do Rises in Oil Prices Mean Rises in Food Prices?
- Why Are Some People More Delinquent on Loans Than Others?
- Life Experience and Loan Delinquencies
- Beige Book: U.S. Economy Continues to Grow
- Durable Goods Prove a Drag on Inflation
- How Does Terrorism Affect Trade?
- Does Immigration Affect Local Labor Markets?
- The Link between Fertility and Income
- Immigration: Top Origin Nations and Top Destinations
- Rising Inflation Doesn't Impact Everyone the Same
- Real GDP Growth Projected at a 3.3% Annual Rate in Q4
- Impact of Including R&D in GDP
- Why Are Work Habits of Married Men Shifting?
- Education's Role in Work Decisions of Married Couples
- How Has Wives' Share of Income Changed?
- How the U.S. Debt-to-GDP Ratio Has Changed
- Dissecting the Falling Labor Force Participation Rate
- Why Doesn't Capital Always Flow to High-Growth Areas?
- The Homeownership Rate over the Past Decade
- How Do Imports Affect Manufacturing Jobs?
- Federal Income Taxes by Income Bracket
- Consumer Debt Growth May Have Stalled in Q3
- Real GDP Growth Projected at a 3.1% Annual Rate for Q4
- Does a Strong Dollar Slow the Growth Rate of GDP?
- The Election's Effect on Expected Inflation
- How Well Do Nonemployer Firms Fare?
- The State of Low- and Moderate-Income Communities
- The Financing of Nonemployer Firms
- Why Are Banks Regulated?
- Wealth Gaps Grow with Educational Attainment
- Why Do Unemployment Rates Vary by Race and Ethnicity?
- Are Consumers Finding It Harder to Repay Debt?
- Why Does Economic Growth Keep Slowing Down?
- Real GDP Growth Projected at a 2.6% Annual Rate in Q1
- The Generational Influence on the Homeownership Rate
- Do Institutional Investors Chase Returns?
- Did the Dodd-Frank Act Make the Financial System Safer?
- The Impact of Diversity on the Homeownership Rate
- U.S., European Economies and the Great Recession
- A Stronger Dollar and the Profitability of U.S. Firms
- The Rise and Fall of Nominal Interest Rates
- Identifying the Roots of the Gender Pay Gap
- Helping LMI Households and Communities
- Reflections of a Former St. Louis Fed Director: Bob Jones
- The Effect of Aging on Wealth Inequality
- How Tourism Affects China's Current Account Surplus
- Bank Supervision and the Central Bank: An Integrated Mission
- How Election Surprises Affected Exchange Rates
- Is OPEC Losing Its Ability to Influence Oil Prices?
- The Exports of Innovative Countries
- Residual Seasonality: The Return of an Old First-Quarter Friend?
- Which States Account for Our Trade Deficit with Mexico?
- Where Is the Federal Budget Going?
- Auto Debt Growth Slowed in Q4, Delinquencies Rose
- Will the Gender Pay Gap Get Smaller?
- China's Efforts to Boost the Yuan
- Which Type of Debt Drives the Business Cycle?
- Is U.S. Manufacturing Really Declining?
- U.S. Consumer Debt Rises Overall, Housing Debt Drops
- Trading Ideas between Countries
- What Is the Informal Labor Market?
- The Roots of Rising Treasury Yields
- How Did Small Businesses Do in 2016?
- Why Are There So Many Bank Regulators?
- Building the Foundations of Economic Literacy
- The Financing Habits of Missouri Nonprofits
- Growing Gaps in College-Attainment Rates
- Minorities See Smaller Gains from Increased Education
- The Destination-Based Cash Flow Tax and the Value of the Dollar
- The Link between Family Structure and Wealth Is Weaker Than You Might Think
- Does Trading with the U.S. Make the World Smarter?
- Real GDP Growth Projected at a 2.8% Annual Rate in Q2
- The Growing Skill Divide in the U.S. Labor Market
- Hard Data, Soft Data and Forecasting
- Why Didn't Bank Regulators Prevent the Financial Crisis?
- Tigers, Tiger Cubs and Economic Growth
- Is a Bubble Brewing in the Multifamily Housing Market?
- Which Was Bigger: The 2009 Recovery Act or FDR's New Deal?
- The Financial Challenges of Small Businesses
- Why Do Social Security Disability Rates Differ Across Regions?
- Reflections of a Former St. Louis Fed Director: Susan S. Elliott
- The Importance of Exploring the Black/White Wealth Gap
- Social Security Disability Rate Rose while Unemployment Declined
- College Attainment Gaps Grow among Races/Ethnicities
- Germany and Adjustments in Current Account Imbalances
- Standard Vs. Itemized Deductions: How the New Tax Proposal Could Affect the Decision
- Who Funds the Cost of Bank Supervision?
- Did China's One-Child Policy Really Have an Effect?
- U.S. Trade Deficit Driven by Goods, Not Services
- The Disparate Wealth Paths for College Grads of Different Races/Ethnicities
- The New World Leader in Innovation
- The Survival Rate of Very Small Establishments
- Which States Have the Highest Cost of Living? Lowest?
- How Is Employment Really Faring in the Eighth District?
- Are Regional Differences Slowing U.S. Productivity Growth?
- The Market's Expectations about FOMC Meetings
- Who Would Be Affected by More Banking Deserts?
- What Should Be Done Differently to Address Wealth Inequality?
- Whom Would St. Louis' Minimum Wage Hike Have Impacted?
- Why Does the Fed Supervise Small Banks?
- Understanding Banking from the Ground Up
- How Income Inequality Is Affected by Labor Share
- Wealth Hits Another Peak. Time to Celebrate or Worry?
- Oil Prices Are Low. So Why Hasn't Oil Production Fallen?
- How Might Chinese Imports Affect House Prices?
- The Fed Funds Rate and Low Long-Term Interest Rates
- Why Did the Housing Bust Hit Black and Latino Families Harder?
- Oil Producing Countries and Repaying Debts
- Tech Employment Returns to Dot-Com Heights
- An Even Wider Generational Wealth Gap?
- Wealth Building Efforts beyond College and Owning a Home
- Regulation and Regulatory Burden
- Today's Immigrants Are More Educated than 50 Years Ago
- Changing Labor Market Leads to Job Polarization
- The Informal Economy and Consumption Volatility
- Economic Effects: Hurricane Harvey vs. Hurricanes Katrina and Rita
- 3 Possible Reasons Gas Prices Spiked Following Hurricane Harvey
- Why Gas Stations Should Raise Prices Following Disruptions
- Challenges in Measuring China's Economic Growth
- Some Alternative Methods for Tracking Chinese GDP
- Estimating Chinese GDP Using Night-Lights Data
- Productivity Growth: Learn from Other Countries or Innovate Yourself?
- Why America's Dual Banking System Matters
- The Effects of Economic Growth on Pollution
- The History of Prices and Inflation in the U.S.
- How Precise Are Local Unemployment Rates?
- Wealth Gaps with White Families Narrow, but Remain Large
- Wealth Inequality Grows within Races and Ethnicities
- China's Foreign Reserves Are Declining. Why, and What Effects Could This Have?
- Long-Term Household Income and Wealth Gains Favor Older Americans
- How Might Increases in the Fed Funds Rate Impact Other Interest Rates?
- What Is the Outlook for the Federal Budget?
- U.S. Workers Face Tougher Competition from Abroad
- How Does U.S. Income Inequality Compare Worldwide?
- Lengthy Unemployment Hurts Workers' Pay at Next Job
- What Types of Financial Assets Do People Hold?
- Wage Inequality in St. Louis Is Growing
- Fintech Interest in Industrial Loan Company Charters: Spurring the Growth of a New Shadow Banking System?
- The Financial Challenges of Startups
- How to Compare Banking Conditions in the U.S.
- How Startups Differ from Mature Small Businesses
- What's the Future for Coal?
- How Has the Economy Performed around Fed Chair Transitions?
- Which Firms Create More Jobs: Startups or Older Firms?
- How Quickly Do People Apply for Jobs?
- Invest in Stocks? Depends on Where You Live
- Global Debt Is Rising, Especially in Emerging Economies
- Consumer Protection Laws and Regulations: Cost and Benefit Trade-offs
- Measuring Labor Share in Latin American Countries
- What Is Quantitative Easing, and How Has It Been Used?
- What Economic Theory Says about Quantitative Easing
- Does Quantitative Easing Work as Advertised?
- Are Bank Holding Company Structures Still Beneficial?
- The Economic Impact of Locally Produced Food
- Coal Declining Due to Economics, Not Regulation
- How Highway Stimulus Spending Turned into a Dead End
- When Holding Cash Beats Paying Debt
- Would Economic Nationalism Benefit the U.S.?
- Is Record High Consumer Debt a Boon or Bane?
- Employment Growth in the Eighth District Appears Weaker Than Currently Reported
- A Tool to Gauge the Health of Financial Markets
- Household Spending Remains Key to U.S. Economic Growth
- How Fiscal Realities Intersect with Monetary Policy
- Income and Living Standards across China
- FOMC Dissents: Why Some Members Break from Consensus
- Measuring Labor Share of the Asian Tigers
- Older Workers Account for All Net Job Growth Since 2000
- The Hazards of Concentrating Wealth in Homeownership
- How Can Venezuela Address Its Hyperinflation?
- Middle-Skill Workers Are in Demand
- Skilled Tradespeople Can Power Small Business Growth
- The Community Reinvestment Act's History and Future
- The Economic Impact of Terrorism on Developing Countries
- How Big Was Recovery Act Spending?
- A Glimpse into Banking's Future by Looking at the Past
- First-Time Homebuyers Still Face Headwinds
- Do Red and Blue States Differ on Government Finances?
- Is the U.S. Due for a Recession?
- Link between Real Income and Future Population Growth
- Earthquakes Are the Costliest Natural Disaster
- New Markets Tax Credit Program: Vital to Post-Katrina Recovery
- Has China Overtaken the U.S. in Terms of Innovation?
- The Link between Wages and Switching Careers
- What Are Indicators Saying about a Potential Recession?
- Why Are Banks Shuttering Branches?
- When the Stock Market Rises, Who Benefits?
- Comparing Living Standards across U.S. Metro Areas: Which Ones Fared Well?
- The Baby Boom and the U.S. Productivity Slowdown
- When Does Trade Adjust after Being Liberalized?
- Has China Overtaken the U.S. in Terms of Innovation?
- Reflections of a Former St. Louis Fed Director: Steven Lipstein
- What Are the Economic Impacts of Climate Change?
- How Did South Korea's Economy Develop So Quickly?
- Do Home Mortgage Disclosure Act Data Prove Lending Discrimination?
- How Worried Are Americans about Retirement?
- The Manufacturing Sector's Evolution and Its Role in an Economy
- Advanced Manufacturing Is a Key Cog in U.S. Economy
- Debt Monetization: Then and Now
- A Closer Look at the Reasons for Low Inflation
- The Evolution of US Agricultural Exports
- How Has Stock Ownership Trended in the Past Few Decades?
- The Weakening of the US Dollar
- Housing Recoveries without Homeowners: A Global Perspective
- How Capital Deepening Affects Labor Productivity
- Unconventional: A New Policymaker
- What Is the Bank Secrecy Act, and Why Does It Exist?
- Getting Ready for the Golden Years
- Income and Wealth Gaps: College Grads vs. Nongrads
- Lessons from Kansas: Taxes and Corporate Organization
- Measuring Income Inequality within the Eighth District
- What Does China's Rise in Patents Mean? A Look at Quality vs. Quantity
- China's Tariff Retaliation: How Many US Jobs May Be Affected?
- Monetary Policy and Regional Inflation
- How Do Americans Feel about NAFTA?
- R&D: Business Spending Up, Government Spending Flat
- The Rise of Shale Oil
- Is US Manufacturing Fundamentally Strong?
- US Health Care and Future Job Growth
- Can Anyone Own a Commercial Bank?
- Families in Financial Distress Are More Likely to Stay in Distress
- Last Recession Effect: New Car Buyers Hold Cars Longer
- Why Don't House Price Growth and Inflation Move in Tandem?
- Recession Signals: The Yield Curve vs. Unemployment Rate Troughs
- Wealth Recovery from the Great Recession
- President Bullard: Life of an Academic Scholar
- How Has the Predicted Wealth of Families Changed over the Past Few Decades?
- The ABCs of HHI: Competition and Community Banks
- How Did Small Businesses Do in 2017?
- Congress Passes New Banking Legislation to Reduce Regulatory Burden
- What Drives Productivity Differences across Countries?
- Why Are Business Cycles in Emerging Economies More Volatile?
- Reflections on Crisis to Recovery
- Japan's Lost Decade vs. the US Great Recession
- Tariff Increases and the Potential Economic Effects
- Strange Relations: The Correlation between Oil and Equities at the Zero Lower Bound
- Which Groups Recovered Their Wealth after the Great Recession?
- Economic Mobility: Starting Points Matter
- How Could Higher Tariffs Affect American Manufacturers?
- The College Boost: Grads Still Do Better Than Nongrads Financially
- The College Boost: Is the Return on a Degree Fading?
- The College Boost: Why Are Wealth Returns from a Degree Falling?
- Small Business Demand for Credit Drops in 2017
- The ABCs of CAMELS
- Are Student Loans Contributing to Racial Wealth Gaps?
- Why Were Young Families Hit So Hard by the Recession?
- State Small Business Credit Initiative Encourages Investment in Rural Areas
- GDP, Labor Force Participation and Economic Growth
- How Risky Are Government Intervention Programs?
- How Many Workers Make Goods That Are Sold Overseas?
- Trade Liberalization's Impact in Poor vs. Rich Countries
- How Well Do Yield Curve Inversions Predict Recessions?
- Gender and the Risk of Unemployment
- What Has Happened to the Yield Curve Since Liftoff?
- Trends in Trade Deficits and Manufacturing Employment
- CAMELS Ratings: Capital Adequacy
- The Impact of Housing Costs on Regional Income Inequality
- Higher Homeownership Rates Precrisis Predicted Larger Growth Declines
- Fed Payments to Treasury and Rising Interest Rates
- Why Does the Yield Curve Typically Invert before Recessions?
- Comparing Measures of Sovereign Risk
- Do Price Markups Differ by Firm Size Over the Business Cycle?
- Southern States Lacking Middle-Skilled Workers Risk Falling Behind
- How Do Americans Rate in Financial Literacy?
- New CEOs at Rural Banks Have Become Younger
- How Opportunity Zones Help with Economic Development
- CAMELS Ratings: Asset Quality
- Millennial Finances: How Do They Stack Up against Gen X at the Same Age?
- Job and Wage Growth Since the Great Recession
- Who Has Equity in Their Homes? Who Doesn't?
- How Do the Hours Americans Work Compare to the Rest of the World?
- How Much Does the U.S. Trade with China, Canada and Mexico?
- Demystifying Blockchain
- Fed Policies' Continued Effects on Short-Term Liquidity Markets
- Domestic Debt Before and After the Great Recession
- How Large Were U.S. Tariffs before the Recent Increases?
- Most Jobs Face Automation in Next 20 Years
- Fiscal Costs of the Great Recession
- U.S. Soybeans Caught in Trade Tussle
- CAMELS Ratings: Management
- Why Do Teacher Salaries Differ So Much across the Country?
- How Cryptocurrencies Work
- How Well Do Americans Balance Income and Spending?
- Economic Mobility: Communities Matter
- How Tight Is the Eighth District Labor Market?
- How Do Rising Short-Term Rates Affect Uncle Sam?
- Who Are the U.S.'s Largest Trade Partners?
- How Persistent Is Financial Distress?
- CAMELS Ratings: Earnings
- Do Millennials Pay Their Debts Back?
- Explaining Price Markups During the Great Recession
- U.S. Hispanic Workers: Education and Occupation Differ by Gender
- Does the Yield Curve Really Forecast Recession?
- Immigration's Effect on Future Workforces
- How Has Trade Affected U.S. Manufacturing Jobs?
- Safe Assets in the U.S. Economy
- How Does Medicaid Eligibility Impact Saving?
- Why Medicaid Eligibility Impacts Savings
- How Does the Introduction of Imports Create Overall Gains?
- CAMELS Ratings: Liquidity
- Does Age Matter for Your Portfolio Mix?
- Putting the GM Job Cuts into Broader Perspective
- Married Men Outearn Single Men (and Women as a Whole)
- Can an Inverted Yield Curve Cause a Recession?
- How Is the U.S. Trade Balance Shifting?
- Taking a Closer Look at Residual Seasonality and U.S. GDP Growth
- The Evolution of Monetary Policy Communication
- What's Behind the U.S. Trade Deficit?
- Married Households Are Wealthier than Other Young Adults
- Marriage, Young Households and Student Loan Debt
- CAMELS Ratings: Sensitivity to Market Risk
- Trends in Unauthorized Immigration
- Spend Enough Time Searching for a Spouse
- Where Do Most Refugees Come From, and Where Do They Go?
- Labor Market Polarization across the U.S.
- U.S. Economy Contracting in Q1? Happens Almost Every Year
- Is College Still Worth It? It's Complicated
- What's Behind the Global Decline in Trade Barriers?
- Housing Indicators to Watch in 2019
- College Education Persists Less for Blacks and Hispanics
- The Basics of Fintech
- "Debtless'' Housing Boom Leads Household Wealth Recovery
- Did NAFTA Shift Car Making to Other Countries?
- Inflation Forecasted to Remain under 2 Percent in 2019
- Predicting Recessions: Which Signals Are More Accurate?
- The Higher the Degree, the More Likely You Are to Hold Multiple Jobs
- Is the U.S. Economic Expansion Due to End?
- Banks' Demand for Reserves in the Face of Liquidity Regulations
- Why the Fed Should Create a Standing Repo Facility
- When Quantitative Tightening Is Not Quantitative Tightening
- How Do People Handle Financial Emergencies?
- Mount Kilimanjaro and Becoming an Economics Professor
- The Challenges and Promises of Rural America
- Banking on ''Bank On"
- Does Automation Affect Employment and Income Inequality?
- When Economics Runs in the Family
- Can Monetary Policy Benefit Everyone in Society?
- The Ties That Bind: The Auto Industry and the U.S. Economy
- Does the Macroeconomy Float in Choppy Waters?
- Is Value-Added Trade a Better Measure of Global Trade?
- The U.S. Auto Labor Market since NAFTA
- Becoming Delinquent and Going out of Business
- Which Banks Have Been Shedding Reserves?
- The Fed and a Standing Repo Facility: A Follow-Up
- Meet the People behind FRED
- Diversity in the Economics Profession
- Fintech: Understanding AI Use in Financial Services
- China's Growing Status in Innovation
- Retirement Plans among Pre-retirement U.S. Households
- Bigger Cause of 2008 Auto Sales Collapse: Credit Conditions or Economic Concerns?
- Foreign Demand for Currency and the Fed's Balance Sheet
- The Ever Larger Fed Balance Sheet
- The Maturity Structure of Treasuries Held by the Fed
- Globalization of Innovation and the Increase of Knowledge Sharing
- James Bullard Discusses Nominal GDP Targeting
- Historical U.S. Trade Deficits
- Why Is the White Working Class in Decline?
- Fintech: How Technology Is Changing Consumer and Small Business Lending
- North American Connectedness After NAFTA
- Breaking Down the U.S. Trade Balance
- How Many People Will Be Retiring in the Years to Come?
- Has the U.S. Historically Run Trade Surpluses or Deficits?
- The Connection between Delinquencies and Exit Rates
- Crop Prices and Flooding: Will 2019 Be a Repeat of 1993?
- Gateway to the World's Economic Data
- How Do Women-Led Firms Differ from Those Led by Men?
- College across Generations Leads to More Wealth
- Is China Improving Enforcing Intellectual Property Rights?
- Why Is St. Louis Growing More Slowly Than Expected?
- President Bullard Explains His Recent FOMC Dissent
- Key Housing Indicators Weaken Further in 2019
- Fintech: How Digital Wallets Work
- Do Banks Have Pricing Power?
- How Changing Trade Relations Might Affect the U.S. Auto Sector
- Who Trades the Most with the U.S.?
- Auto Sales and the 2007-09 Recession
- Is the Fed's Taper Making the National Debt Situation Look Worse?
- The Effects of Uncertainty on Economic Outcomes
- Which Countries Run Current Account Surpluses? Deficits?
- How Costly Is Raising Trade Barriers?
- Economic Mobility: The Macroeconomy Matters
- More Credit Unions Are Buying Banks
- Following Your Passion into Economics
- Beyond Bitcoin: A Look at Distributed Ledger Technology
- 100 Years Later, Our Little Rock Branch is Going Strong
- Looking at the Urban-Rural Divide in Economic Growth
- The Influence of Sherlock Holmes
- Do Yield Curve Inversions Predict Recessions in Other Countries?
- Financial Distress Differences Seen at the ZIP Code Level
- Corporate Debt Since the Great Recession
- How Might Spring Flooding Affect Real GDP?
- How Open Are Countries to Trade?
- Countercyclical Capital Buffers and Financial Crises
- The CECL Model: Accounting Changes Coming for Banks
- Why Is the Bank of Japan the Largest Asset Holder among Major Central Banks?
- Did Bond Purchases and Forward Guidance Affect Bond Yields?
- Did Bond Purchase and Forward Guidance Effects Fall Over Time?
- How Do Students Pay for College?
- The Creative Side of Economics
- Why Intellectual Property Rights Protection Matters for Economic Growth
- Are Students Borrowing Too Much? Or Too Little?
- Serendipity and a 100+ Degree Gym
- President Bullard Explains His Recent FOMC Dissent
- Managing CECL Change: How Banks Can Prepare for the New Accounting Standard
- The White Working Class: National Trends, Then and Now
- Has Australia Really Had a 28-Year Expansion?
- Who Wants to Bet against the Yield Curve: Is This Time Different?
- The White Working Class: State-Level Declines and Geographic Concentration
- Consumer Debt at a New Peak? That Depends
- How Well Do Yield Curve Inversion Models Predict Recessions in Other Countries?
- Syndicated Loans in the U.S.
- Domestic Migration Is Driving Population Growth in U.S. Cities
- How Has the 2017 Federal Tax Overhaul Impacted Venture Capital?
- Comparing Fed Forecasts with the Private Sector's
- The Art (and Science) of Predicting Cities' Population Growth
- What Explains the Link between Finance and Development?
- Do Racial Differences Play a Role in Government Formation?
- The Sadie Collective and Reaching Black Women in Economics
- Community Bank Deposits: Where Have They Gone?
- How Can St. Louis Address Lagging Population Growth?
- Fintech's Impact on Personal Loans
- The Rise of Robots in the Workplace
- The Impact of Robots on the U.S. Labor Market
- Which Countries and Industries Use the Most Robots?
- Financial Contagion: Lessons from the Great Depression
- Monetary Policy's Potential Effects on the Deficit, Debt and Fiscal Policy
- Did the Housing Market Fundamentally Change?
- The Share of First-Gen College Grads Is Declining
- Does Your Parents' Education Matter to Your Own?
- Could Increasing Taxes Be Expansionary?
- Bullard: A Year in Review
- Teaching Economics through Live Experiments
- Moving In (and Out) of the Eighth Federal Reserve District
- Explaining the "Parent Boost" for Income and Wealth
- Two Key Takeaways on Education and Income
- How Much Does College Quality Matter?
- What Explains Rising Returns to High-Quality College Education?
- A Primer on Negative Interest Rates
- Are Millennials a Lost Generation Financially?
- Introducing the CECL Resource Center
- Declining Labor Share and U.S. Industries
- U.S.-China Trade War: Shifting to Importing from Other Nations
- Areas in Financial Distress Are More Likely to Stay that Way
- Healthier Countries, if Not Wealthier Countries
- Unauthorized Immigration Attempts at the Southwest Border
- Year-in-Review: On the Economy's Five Most Popular Posts of 2019
- 2020s
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