Publication
On the Economy
2014-2025
St. Louis Fed On the Economy® offers frequent commentary, analysis and data from our economic experts. Current posts can be found at the St. Louis Fed's website here.
- 2010s
- 2020s
- What Do Robocalls and Money Laundering Have in Common?
- The White Working Class: Declining Mostly Due to Rising College Attainment
- What's Driving the Growth in Telecommuting?
- Factors That Influence Being Able to Telecommute
- Rising Student Debt and the Great Recession
- The Connection between Corporate Bond Maturities and Projected GDP Growth
- Is College Always the Answer?
- The Importance of Female Role Models
- Regulatory Relief for Community Banks: A Simpler Way to Calculate Capital
- U.S. Trade Imbalances with China and Others
- Which War Saw the Highest Defense Spending? Depends How It's Measured
- Technological Change and the U.S.'s Trade Surplus in Services
- U.S. Population Growth Slowing to a Crawl
- Clarity for Banks Serving the Hemp Industry
- Are Current Recession Probabilities High or Low?
- Tail Risk and Its Effect on the Economy
- Tail Risk and the Missing Recovery
- The Effect of Tail Risk on Government Bond Liquidity
- The Evolution of Total Trade in the U.S.
- What Are Americans Consuming More Of?
- Why Are U.S. Cars Getting Older?
- Venturing South and Making History
- Fintech Entrepreneurs Are Out to ''Solve Problems"
- How Quickly Does Fiscal Policy Get Implemented?
- Expected U.S. Macroeconomic Performance during the Pandemic Adjustment Period
- How Many Employees Are Prepared to Work from Home?
- COVID-19: Which Workers Face the Highest Unemployment Risk?
- Back-of-the-Envelope Estimates of Next Quarter's Unemployment Rate
- Social Distancing and Contact-Intensive Occupations
- COVID-19 and Financial Distress: Employment Vulnerability
- How Fast Has COVID-19 Been Spreading?
- COVID-19 and the Importance of Testing
- "Parasite," COVID-19, and U.S. Wealth Inequality
- COVID-19: What Do FREDcast Users Think about Economic Growth?
- COVID-19: Projected Deaths in the U.S.
- House Hunting in a Period of Social Distancing
- COVID-19 and Financial Distress: Vulnerability to Infection and Death
- How Closing Restaurants and Hotels Spills Over to Total Employment
- COVID-19: Forecasting with Slow and Fast Data
- COVID-19 and Unemployment Risk: State and MSA Differences
- COVID-19's Economic Effects on Poor and Emerging Markets
- How the Impact of Social Distancing Ripples through the Economy
- How Much Does the U.S. Rely on Other Countries for Essential Medical Equipment?
- Corporate Bond Spreads and the Pandemic
- Protectionism and Dependence on Imports of Essential Medical Equipment
- The Impact of COVID-19 on Labor Markets across the U.S.
- Is the U.S. Looking Like Italy? Projections on COVID-19 Death Rates
- Corporate Bond Spreads and the Pandemic II: Heterogeneity across Sectors
- How Will COVID-19 Affect the Spending of Financially Distressed Households?
- What Types of Customer Data Do Fintech Firms Use?
- Reopening the U.S.: Gauging the Trend of COVID-19 Transmissions
- COVID-19, School Closings and Labor Market Impacts
- How will COVID-19 Affect Financial Assets, Delinquency and Bankruptcy?
- Combining Economics with Policy Research
- The State of COVID-19 around the Eighth District
- Corporate Bond Spreads and the Pandemic III: Variance across Sectors and Firms
- Reopening the U.S. Economy an Industry at a Time
- Ready for the Pandemic? Household Debt before the COVID-19 Shock
- Will Digital Wallets Replace Cash?
- Could More Progressive Taxes Increase Income Inequality?
- Is the COVID-19 Pandemic a Supply or a Demand Shock?
- Three Reasons Why Millennials May Face Devastating Setback from COVID-19
- Social Distancing, but Mostly during the Workweek?
- Hot Money Credits to Kick-Start a Stalled Economy?
- How to Achieve a V-Shaped Recovery amid the COVID-19 Pandemic
- How Fast Are COVID-19 Death Rates Declining? U.S. vs. Other Countries
- Faster Payments, More Disruptions
- Outlook for Communities across the Fed's Eighth District
- Reading the Labor Market in Real Time
- Corporate Bond Spreads and the Pandemic IV: Liquidity Buffers
- Legal Marijuana Poses Policy Questions for States
- The Impact of the Fed's Response to COVID-19 So Far
- More Households Face Food Scarcity during COVID-19
- How Spread Out Is the U.S. Population?
- Startups Account for Smaller Share of U.S. Jobs
- Comparing Value-Added Trade and Gross Trade
- The Rise of Cyber Branches in Banking
- Who Holds a Green Card?
- Financial Distress and the Second Wave of COVID-19 Infections
- From Academia to the Federal Reserve
- COVID-19 and the Great Recession: Market Hours and Home Production across American Households
- Mortgage Rates Not Matching Declines in Treasury Yields
- Early U.S. Trade Deficits and Industrialization
- Shifts in U.S. Trade Balance and Industrialization
- What Is the Community Reinvestment Act?
- Challenges to Housing and Neighborhood Development in the Eighth District
- Construction's Impact on Other Industries during the Great Recession
- Which Workers Have Been Most Affected by the COVID-19 Pandemic?
- Housing Distress in the Time of COVID-19
- The Recent COVID-19 Spike and the U.S. Employment Slowdown
- A Desire to Make a Difference
- Bank Supervision Adapts to Pandemic Challenges
- What Is Yield Curve Control?
- Comparing the COVID-19 Recession with the Great Depression
- Industry Concentration May Help Explain Divergent Business Cycles
- The Effects of Extra Unemployment Benefits on Household Delinquencies
- How Should the Government Spend the Fiscal Budget during the COVID-19 Pandemic?
- Heightened Interest in Small-Business Development in the Eighth District
- What Is the Impact of School Closures during the Pandemic?
- Why the Same Inflation Target May Not Fit All Countries
- Trade and U.S. Gold Reserves during the Classical Gold Standard Era
- Trade and Gold Reserves after the Demise of the Classical Gold Standard
- Seeking and Giving Advice
- Firms Start with Fewer Employees over Last 25 Years
- Financial Hardship Following Hurricane Harvey
- For Poor Countries, Gains in Education Are Not Matched in Income
- Immigrant Workers and U.S. Trade Activity
- Taking a Closer Look at Marital Status and the Earnings Gap
- The State of Workforce Development in LMI Communities across the Eighth District
- Viewing the U.S. Financial Structure from the Financial Crisis to the Pandemic
- A Way to Influence Public Policy
- Small Business Lending Gives a Boost to Banks
- Tokens vs. Accounts: Why the Distinction Still Matters
- How Financially Fit Are American Retirees?
- What Are the Fed's Dollar Swap Lines and FIMA Repos, and Why Do They Matter?
- Jobs Hardest Hit by the Pandemic
- Why Human Capital Matters
- Tracking the Economic Impact of the Pandemic Using High-Frequency Data
- Key Elements of the Fed's New Monetary Policy Strategy
- Challenges to the Fed's New Monetary Policy Strategy
- Creating a System of Support
- As Renewable Energy Grows, So Does Spare Capacity in Electricity Generation
- Fed Releases Proposal for CRA Reform, Seeks Comments
- Unleashing Hamilton's Financial Revolution
- Learning from Experience: Why Nations May Have Responded Differently to COVID-19
- How Has the COVID-19 Recession Affected U.S. Labor across Occupations and Industries?
- A Growing Trade Deficit? Medical Goods Imports Plays a Role
- The COVID-19 Recession in Historical Perspective
- V-Shaped Recovery Eludes G-7 Countries
- Using Data to Show When Recessions End
- The Real State of Family Wealth: Will COVID-19 Worsen Racial, Educational and Generational Gaps in the U.S.?
- How Recessions Impact Household Net Worth
- Did the Fed's Dollar Swap Lines Work?
- Community Bankers Play a Vital Role in America's Pandemic Response
- Financing the U.S. Response to COVID-19
- Employment Losses in Contact-Intensive Industries
- Identifying the Most Financially Vulnerable Families
- Which Families Are Most Vulnerable to an Income Shock? A Look at Race and Ethnicity
- STEM Skills among Foreign-born Workers in the U.S.
- Disaggregated Data as a Tool of Inclusion
- A Tale of Two Business Cycles during the Pandemic
- A Look at the Fed's Emergency Lending Programs
- The "She-Cession" Persists, Especially for Women of Color
- The Role of Innovations in Global Trade: The Shipping Container
- Technological Innovations and Global Trade of Services
- Digital Banking: A Look at the Playing Field
- The Pandemic's Impact on Municipal Bonds
- More Irrational Exuberance? A Look at Stock Prices
- U.S. Population Growth Slowed Further in 2020
- COVID-19 and Unauthorized Immigration at the Southwest Border
- The Household Shift from Paid Work to Home Production
- COVID-19's Impact on U.S. Home Production
- Do College Degrees Mean More Wealth?
- Economic Forecasting during a Pandemic
- What Is Causing the College Premium to Shrink?
- Does Bargaining Help Explain Wage Inequality?
- Older Workers Accounted for All Net Employment Growth in Past 20 Years
- How COVID-19 May Be Affecting Inflation
- Is College an Engine of Inequality?
- Credit Spreads during the Financial Crisis and COVID-19
- COVID-19 across Counties with Different Pre-Pandemic Financial Distress
- Not All Bursting Market Bubbles Have the Same Recessionary Effect
- Should a Pandemic Necessitate Social Distancing?
- The Pandemic Dents College Attendance
- Regulating Fintech: One Size Does Not Fit All
- Servicing the National Debt
- Does Rising National Debt Portend Rising Inflation?
- Americans Born after 1985 Bear the Brunt of Lower Employment
- Bringing the Data to FRED
- Is State Capacity Unrelated to COVID-19 Spread?
- Bretton Woods and Europe's Postwar Reconstruction
- Geography and Getting a College Degree
- How COVID-19 Has Impacted Stock Performance by Industry
- How Well Do Consumers Forecast Inflation?
- Market-Based Measures of Inflation Risks
- Consumer Protection in the Fintech Era
- Millennials Are Catching Up in Terms of Generational Wealth
- Disparities by Race, Ethnicity and Education Underlie Millennials' Comeback in Wealth
- Is Inflation Making a Comeback?
- Are We Really in This Together? The Divided Nature of the COVID-19 Crisis
- Evaluating Two Decades of Inflation Targeting
- Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Housing Distress during the Pandemic
- Labor Market Engagement and the Pandemic's Impact on American Workers
- The Yield Curve as a Predictor of Future Growth
- Are State Political Leanings and Government Spending Correlated?
- Branch Closings Typically Create Modest Increase in Distance to Banks
- How Many People Doubled Up after Losing Housing in Aftermath of Past Recessions?
- Did the Pandemic Spur Urban Flight? A Look at the Eighth District
- Banks See Challenges from Fintech Disruption
- Regional Economic Performance before the Pandemic
- COVID-19's Effects on Dual-Earner Households
- Credit Card Deleveraging during the COVID-19 Pandemic
- Inspiring Students, Inspiring the St. Louis Fed
- Investigating the U.S. Reliance on Foreign Suppliers
- Household Distress during the COVID-19 Pandemic
- Mortgage Distress during the Great Recession
- The Challenges in Dating the End of Recessions
- House Prices Surpass Housing-Bubble Peak on One Key Measure of Value
- The Great Recession's Impact on Homeownership
- What Drives Changes in Inflation?
- Immigrants' Education May Indicate Their Economic Potential
- Black-Owned Banks May Gain from Social Change
- Commercial Banks Appear Resilient despite Pandemic
- Stay Curious, and Ask Questions
- Does City Size Matter When It Comes to Business Dynamism?
- Intellectual Property Rights Have Become A Key Part of Trade Deals
- Studying How Work, Leisure and Home Influence Each Other
- High Housing Valuations Move Inland
- How Job Separations Differed between the Great Recession and COVID-19 Recession
- Gender and Labor during COVID-19
- A Post-Mortem of the Paycheck Protection Program
- Marshall Plan May Not Have Been Key to Europe's Reconstruction
- Older Millennials Experience Pandemic Hardships Unequally
- Inflation Expectations and the Fed's New Monetary Framework
- How COVID-19 Containment Measures Affected Unemployment
- Early Impact of States Halting Federal Jobless Benefits
- Denver Leads U.S. Metros in Rising Housing Valuations in Past 30 Years
- What Business Dynamism Looks Like in the Eighth District
- Researching the International Economics of Immigration
- How Income Volatility Affects Food Volatility
- The Fed Offers New Tool to Meet Accounting Change
- State Government Expenditures and Political Parties
- Dollar-Denominated Public Debt in Asia and Latin America
- Child Care, School Disruptions Burden Working Parents
- Worker Types in the U.S. Labor Market
- Asset Values Surged during the K-Shaped Recovery
- Job Switching Rates during a Recession
- Vacation Plans and the COVID-19 Pandemic
- Price Volatility and Headline Inflation
- Critical Goods and International Trade Dependence in the U.S.
- In the Trenches during the 2007-09 Financial Crisis
- Banks Navigate Surging Deposits, Tepid Loan Activity since COVID-19 Onset
- Labor Day Reflections on the COVID-19 Recovery
- Foreclosure Rates and On-Time Mortgage Payments during COVID-19
- The Enduring Regional Economic Challenges Associated with the Pandemic
- Industrialization and Development in Sub-Saharan Africa
- Global Income Gaps and International Trade
- The Evolution of the Job Finding Rate during the COVID-19 Recession
- Domestic Debt Before and After the Pandemic Recession
- Labor Force Exits and COVID-19: Who Left, and Are They Coming Back?
- Community Bankers Describe a Year of Challenges and Opportunities
- What Are the Risks for Future Inflation?
- U.S. Lending Activity during the COVID-19 Pandemic
- How Much Debt Is Too Much? What History Shows
- Monitoring the Recovery of Vulnerable Workers and Their Families
- How Widespread Are Price Increases in the U.S.?
- SNAP Benefits and the Volatility of Food Spending
- The Child Tax Credit and Child Poverty in the Eighth District
- Observations of a Trust-Busting Economist
- Community Banking Conference Highlights PPP Research
- Bringing Economic Education to the Masses
- The Pandemic's Influence on U.S. Fertility Rates
- The Link between Commodity Price Changes and Inflation
- The Comovement between Credit Spreads, Corporate Debt and Liquid Assets in Recent Crises
- People Smooth Their Consumption. Shouldn't Nations, Too?
- The Evolution of Household Net Worth during COVID-19
- Holiday Shopping: Should You Expect to See Inflation?
- The Current Labor Market for Workers with a Disability
- How COVID-19 Affected Different Countries
- History Gives Context to Future of Central Bank Digital Currencies
- How Innovation Has Shifted across the U.S.
- Slow, Steady Decline in the Number of U.S. Banks Continues
- Firms in Big Cities Spend Relatively More on Technology
- A Look at Recent Refugee Admissions into the U.S. amid COVID-19 Disruptions
- Retirements Surge for Older Workers during COVID-19
- Spurring Americans to Build Their Nest Egg
- Partners in Innovation: Community Banks and Fintech Firms
- Nonprofits Struggle in the Face of COVID-19
- "Excess" Retirements during the COVID-19 Pandemic
- A Pre-Omicron Look at Leisure and Hospitality Employment
- The Dynamics of International Shipping Costs
- The Great Retirement: Who Are the Retirees?
- How Does St. Louis-Area Immigration Differ from National Trends?
- How Fast Will Regional Employment Return?
- Family Needs Affect U.S. Labor Participation of Prime-Age Workers
- Uncovering the Contributions of Black Women to Economics
- Bretton Woods and the Growth of the Eurodollar Market
- Race and the Threat of Job Loss from Automation
- Trade Deals May Encourage Technology Transfers
- The Evolution of the Racial Gap in U.S. Life Expectancy
- Have Fed Asset Purchases Reshaped Bank Balance Sheets? Part 1
- Have Fed Asset Purchases Reshaped Bank Balance Sheets? Part 2
- The Dynamics of International Shipping Supply
- How Uneven Were the Labor Market Recoveries across U.S. States?
- Role of Bankers on Federal Reserve's Boards of Directors
- Setting the Stage for Economic Equity in 2022
- School District Expenditures and Race
- Child Care Remains Central to an Equitable Recovery
- Gauging COVID-19's Ongoing Impact on LMI Communities
- Addressing the Housing Affordability Crisis as COVID-19's Impact Continues
- The Relationship between Wage Growth and Inflation, One Recession Later
- The ABCs of CDIAC: How Community Bankers Inform the Fed
- Household Debt Relief Enters Critical Transition Period
- How Much Are We "Taxed" by Surprise Inflation?
- Five Ideas to Support Families amid Growing Wealth Inequality
- Is the Link between Poverty and Mortality Changing?
- Understanding the Dynamics of Unauthorized Immigration to the U.S.
- Ensuring That Your Voice Is Heard
- Freshwater Scarcity Poses Growing Risk in U.S.
- Why Do Women Outnumber Men in College Enrollment?
- Investigating the Role of Geography in Economics
- President Bullard Explains His Recent FOMC Dissent
- Remote Work Buoyed Employment for Those Vulnerable to Severe COVID-19
- Breaking Down the Contributors to High Inflation
- Trade Linkages in the Shadow of the Russia-Ukraine War
- Eighth District Businesses Report Stronger Inflationary Pressures
- Commercial Banks in District, Nation Finish 2021 in Strong Position
- How Eighth District Firms Have Responded to Higher Inflation
- The End of Emergency Pandemic Unemployment Benefits in 2021
- Why "Paying in Rubles" May Prove Irrelevant
- 2021: The Year of High Inflation
- A Look at Fed Tightening Episodes since the 1980s: Part I
- Economic Effects of Fed Tightening Episodes since the 1980s: Part II
- Do Congested Ports Cause Higher Shipping Costs?
- St. Louis Fed Research Associates Discuss Work and Experiences
- What Are the Trade-offs of Meritocratic College Admissions?
- Single Mothers Face Difficulties with Slim Financial Cushions
- Did the Computer Chip Shortage Affect Inflation?
- Banking Agencies Seek Public Comment on CRA Proposal
- Importance of Studying Innovations in Payment Technologies
- Young Adults without College Education See Uneven Jobs Recovery
- The Racial Gap in Stock Market Participation
- What Are Financial Market Stress Indexes Showing?
- Reducing Racial Employment Gaps for Young Adults without College Education
- Forbearance during COVID-19: How Many Borrowers Used It, and for How Long?
- The Great Resignation vs. the Great Reallocation Revisited
- How Does Human Capital Affect Wealth Inequality?
- U.S. Patent Applications Shift toward Asia
- Building Mentorships and Camaraderie in Economics
- Analyzing How Students Pick Which College to Attend
- The Role of Diversity in Public Institutions
- The State of Black Entrepreneurship
- Inflation, Part 1: What Is it, Exactly?
- Is the Labor Market as Tight as It Seems?
- Inflation, Part 2: How Do We Construct and Choose an Index?
- What Do Financial Markets Say about Future Inflation?
- Fed Touts Strong Banking System in Supervision Report
- The Great Resignation Hypothesis: A Look at Two Industries
- Russia's Invasion of Ukraine and Its Impact on Stock Prices
- Self-Employment Grows during COVID-19 Pandemic
- FOMC Actions and Recent Movements in Five-Year Inflation Expectations
- The Pandemic's Impact on the Child Care Industry
- Building a Broader and More Inclusive Research Community
- What Does the Beveridge Curve Tell Us about the Labor Market Recovery?
- How Employment Has Shifted Across the U.S.
- COVID-19 Disruptions by Race, Ethnicity and Geography: An Update
- Fed Launches Second Tool to Help Community Banks Meet Accounting Standard
- Inflation and the Real Value of Debt: A Double-edged Sword
- Did the Pandemic Hit Small Firms Harder than Large Firms?
- Ending Pandemic Unemployment Benefits Linked to Job Growth
- Transfer Pricing of Intangible Assets: Evidence from Patent Data
- The Allocation of Immigrant Talent across Countries: Employment Gaps
- How Pieces of the Economy Fit Together
- How Changing Interest Rates Affect Variable-Rate Loans to U.S. Firms
- Dating Economic Recessions in Real Time Is a Challenge
- Why Financial Sanctions Might Not End Russia's War on Ukraine
- How Does Gen Z Student Debt Compare with Millennials'?
- Market Liquidity and the Quantity Theory of Money
- What Is the Key to Improving Worker Resiliency in the Labor Market?
- Vulnerable Workers and the State of the U.S. Labor Market
- Inflation, Part 3: What Is the Fed's Current Goal? Has the Fed Met Its Inflation Mandate?
- Fed Adopts Guidelines for Master Account Access to Its Payment Services
- Are Mortgages Becoming More Affordable?
- Income Inequality, Vaccinations and the COVID-19 Death Rate Gap
- Tracking Families That Cross the Income Threshold for Food Stamps
- Is the U.S. in a Recession? What Key Economic Indicators Say
- Inventory Mismatches Continue to Be Widespread
- Peaks in Housing Construction as a Recession Signal
- East Asia Outpaces Other Regions in International Patenting
- Did Rising Asset Values Spur Early Retirements?
- Estimating the Affordability of Child Care across U.S. States
- The Pandemic Surge in Business Applications
- Monetary Policy Surprises and Inflation Expectations
- Inflation Is Still High and Widespread
- The Innocent Greenbacks Abroad: U.S. Currency Held Internationally
- The Beveridge Curve and Structural Barriers in the Labor Market
- Economics Is Much More than You Think
- Rising Interest Rates Bring Opportunities and Risks for Banks
- Tracking Wage Inflation in Real Time
- The Earnings Premium for U.S. Veterans
- Bankers Cite Economy, Cybersecurity as Top Risks
- Taking the Long View on Gasoline Prices, Demand
- The Arms Trade and Its Bearing on the Russia-Ukraine War
- Will Inflation Play the Grinch This Holiday Season?
- How Supply Chain Disruptions Contributed to Inflation in 2021
- Out-of-School Young Adults Faring Poorly in Economic Slowdown
- Investigating the Racial Gap in College Attainment
- U.S. Trade of Semiconductors: Cross-Country Patterns and Historical Dynamics
- Community Banking Conference Spotlights Research on Lending
- How Well Does the Beige Book Reflect Economic Trends?
- Recent Trends in Individual Wage Growth
- Are State Economic Conditions a Harbinger of a National Recession?
- The Relationship between Consumption Growth and Inflation
- Military Expenditures: How Do the Top-Spending Nations Compare?
- Are State Economic Conditions a Harbinger of a National Recession? An Update
- Retirements, Net Worth, and the Fall and Rise of Labor Force Participation
- Will High Inflation Persist?
- The Many Interest Rates in 2022
- Job Mobility Patterns and Lifetime Earnings Disparities among Male Workers
- How Job Risk and Human Capital Shape Male Lifetime Earnings Disparities
- Does Greater Economic Prosperity Bring Lower Mortality Rates?
- Birth Rates, Death Rates and the World's Population Dynamics
- How Mortgage Repayments Recovered since COVID-19's Onset
- The Hiring Outlook in the Fed's Eighth District for 2023
- Rising Interest Rates Complicate Banks' Investment Portfolios
- How Inflation and Relative Price Increases Differ
- Reviewing the Impact of Energy Sanctions on Russia
- The New Challenges to Economic Equity in 2023
- Nominal Wage Growth at the Individual Level in 2022
- The Pandemic's Impact on Immigrant Labor
- How Equitable Wealth Outcomes Could Create a Resilient and Larger Economy
- How Do Firms Differ in Rich and Poor Countries?
- The End of Rapid Population Growth
- The Role of Community-Based Organizations in Fostering Economic Equity
- The FRED Team Talks Innovation
- Real Wage Growth at the Individual Level in 2022
- Examining the Rapid Rise of U.S. National Wealth since 2012
- Collaborating on Research to Better Understand the Economy
- Researching COVID-19's Impact on the "Great Retirement"
- The Russia-Ukraine War's Impact on Fertilizer Prices in 2022
- What Does History Reveal about Reducing the National Debt Burden?
- Bank Term Funding Program Provides Liquidity to Depository Institutions
- Child Care: Critical to the Economy but Difficult to Access and Afford
- How U.S. Import Shipping Costs Vary across Countries and Industries
- Are Parents' Labor Participation Rates Returning to Pre-Pandemic Levels?
- Inflation, Softer Jobs Market Challenge Vulnerable Workers
- Lessons in Homebuying from a Behavioral Economist
- U.S. Barriers to International Trade of Goods: Tariffs and Non-Tariff Measures
- What Does England's History Reveal about Economic Growth?
- Understanding the Recent Behavior of Inflation
- Where Might Inflation Head?
- Trade and Globalization since the 1980s
- Women's Evolving Careers Helped Shrink the Gender Pay Gap
- Studying Global Trade with Our Annual Report
- The Rise and Fall of M2
- What Do Components of Key Inflation Measures Say about Future Inflation?
- Understanding the Speed and Size of Bank Runs in Historical Comparison
- Scenarios for Inflation in 2023: Base Effects in Action
- Marginal vs. Average Mortgage Rates
- Assessing the Costs of Rolling Over Government Debt
- Making Progress on Diversity in the Economics Profession
- The Impact of Tax Differences on Intrafirm Patent Transactions
- Infrastructure and the Future Growth of the Global Natural Gas Market
- Excess Retirements Continue despite Ebbing COVID-19 Pandemic
- Which Households Are Most Exposed to the Inflation "Tax"?
- Immigration and U.S. Labor Market Tightness: Is There a Link?
- Hearing from Diverse Voices on Policy Issues
- Commercial Real Estate Market Stress Poses a Challenge to Banks
- How Child Care Impacts Parents' Labor Force Participation
- Are Higher Child Care Wages Affecting the Labor Supply?
- A Hard or Soft Landing? The Answer May Lie in the Beveridge Curve
- The Impact of the Death Rate on the Graying of America
- Is a College Degree Worth the Investment?
- How Are Financial Conditions Tracked?
- Deconstructing Hours Worked: How Did Recent Recessions Differ?
- Supply Chain Disruptions and Inventory Dynamics
- Real Estate Helped Drive Wealth Gains during the Pandemic
- Does Labor Market Tightness Vary across States?
- Gauging the Fed's Current Tightening Actions: A Historical Perspective
- Decomposing an Economic Impact into Its Local and Spillover Effects
- How Do the Rich Become and Stay Wealthy?
- ALICE Households Face Continued Challenges despite Tight Job Market
- The Mechanics of Fed Balance Sheet Normalization
- What Is the Impact of Oil Supply Shocks on Employment?
- Economic Uncertainty, Rising Interest Rates Challenge Banks
- Examining the Beveridge Curve with a Dual Vacancy Model
- Is a Soft Landing Possible? What the Beveridge Curve Reveals
- Are Developing Countries Facing a Possible Debt Crisis?
- What Is the Probability of a Recession? The Message from Yield Spreads
- Profit Shifting in the 21st Century: Multinationals' Use of Intrafirm Patent Transfers
- A Cross-Country Look at Immigrant Earnings Gaps
- Can Economists Predict Recessions?
- Managing Liquidity Risk and the Importance of Bank Contingency Funding Plans
- Economic Development and the Evolution of Mortality
- The Impact of Higher Job Application Rates on U.S. Job Finding Rates
- Schooling over Time and across Countries
- What Are Long and Variable Lags in Monetary Policy?
- Unlike Others, the Top Earners See Strong Pay Growth Beyond Age 35
- Is Inflation on the Way Out or Here to Stay?
- What Has Been Driving World Population Growth?
- Residential Segregation and the Black-White College Gap
- Overemployed Workers? Trends on Multiple Jobholders
- Are There Generational Gaps in Income and Homeownership?
- What Lessons Can Be Drawn from Japan's High Debt-to-GDP Ratio?
- Commercial Real Estate: Where Are the Financial Risks?
- How Economic News Consumption Can Create Greater Uncertainty
- The Fed's Remittances to the Treasury: Explaining the 'Deferred Asset'
- Bankers Name Tightening Margins, Cybersecurity as Top Challenges
- Using Core Inflation to Predict Headline Inflation
- Looking Ahead to the "Last Mile" of Disinflation
- Recent Trends in Unauthorized Crossing Attempts at the Southwestern U.S. Border
- Silver Spoon or Self-Made? Exploring 23 Years of Wealth Mobility
- Where Are Labor Markets the Tightest? A Tale of the 100 Largest U.S. Cities
- "Stress Testing" Banks on Commercial Real Estate
- Compensation Patterns of Overemployed Workers
- What Drove the Growth in Credit Scores during the COVID-19 Pandemic?
- Labor Force Participation and Hours Worked Recovery: U.S. vs. Europe
- Share of Americans in Financial Distress Reaches High Levels
- Are City-Level Income Segregation and Income Inequality Related?
- Employers in Fed's Eighth District Eye Softer Hiring Plans for 2024
- What's Behind the Recent Slump in Consumer Sentiment?
- Revisiting Wage Growth in 2023
- How Has Household Debt Changed since 1995?
- Unemployment and Wage Inflation: Recent Findings Using State Data
- Community Banking Conference Highlights Risks Industry Faces
- Decoupling Where It Matters? U.S. Imports from China in Critical Sectors
- The Public Policy Impact of Economics
- Terrorism in Developing and Advanced Economies: A Historical Look
- Assets and Liabilities of Younger vs. Older Households
- The Effect of Divorce on Workers' Incomes
- Which Households Prefer ARMs vs. Fixed-Rate Mortgages?
- Are State and Local Governments in a Strong Fiscal Position?
- What Are the Long-run Trade-offs of Rent-Control Policies?
- Shipping Disruptions in the Red Sea: Ripples across the Globe
- Has Better Nutrition Driven Down Mortality Rates?
- Millennials and Older Gen Zers Made Significant Wealth Gains in 2022
- The Labor Effects of Work from Home on Workers with a Disability
- Core Inflation Revisited: Forecast Accuracy across Horizons
- Output Gaps, the Taylor Rule and the Stance of Monetary Policy
- Has the U.S. Economy Transitioned to a Higher Long-run Real Interest Rate Regime?
- Work More, Make Much More? The Relationship between Lifetime Hours Worked and Lifetime Earnings
- Why Have a Strategic Petroleum Reserve?
- Survey Shows Weakening Conditions for Economic Mobility in Eighth District
- U.S. and Eighth District Banks Face Challenges but Are on Solid Footing
- The Gender Wealth Gap for Never-Married Adults Shrank in 2022
- The Innovation Puzzle: Patents and Productivity Growth
- Eighth District Businesses Report Moderating Inflationary Pressures
- AI and Productivity Growth: Evidence from Historical Developments in Other Technologies
- Commercial Real Estate Exposure and Bank Stock Returns
- How the Big Mac Index Relates to Overall Consumer Inflation
- Has the Growth in the Price of Education Outpaced Overall Inflation?
- Historical Disinflation Episodes: Which Falls First, Goods or Services?
- Bank Reserves since the Start of Quantitative Tightening
- Measuring Inflation: Headline, Core and "Supercore" Services
- Rising Liquidity among U.S. Households and Its Policy Implications
- Differences in Immigration Patterns between the U.S. and Other OECD Nations
- How Nonmonetary Job Amenities Improve with Higher Education
- The Broad, Continuing Rise in U.S. Credit Card Debt Delinquency
- Which U.S. Households Have Credit Card Debt?
- The Speed of Discount Window Lending: A Look Back at 1985
- Assets and Debt across Generations
- Survey Examines Health and Education Conditions in the Eighth District's LMI Communities
- Commercial Real Estate in Focus
- A New Center Spotlights the Work of Women Economists
- The Rise of Cross-Border Patenting: Trends and Implications
- The Impact of Work from Home on Interstate Migration in the U.S.
- Can Earnings Calls Be Used to Gauge Labor Market Tightness?
- Does Worker Scarcity Spur Investment, Automation and Productivity? Evidence from Earnings Calls
- How Quickly Can Monthly Inflation Predict Annual Inflation?
- Beyond the Mean: Exploring Tail Risks in Inflation Expectations
- Are Workers with a Disability Facing New Opportunities or New Challenges?
- Recent Trends in Banks' Commercial Real Estate Exposure
- Trends in Real Wage Growth among Union, Nonunion Workers
- How Young Adults' Homeownership Differs Across Generations
- Immigration Patterns across Selected U.S. States
- Job Quits, New-Business Applications and the Postpandemic Pace of U.S. Business Formation
- Asian American Households Had More College Grads, Higher Incomes in 2022
- Unpacking Discrepancies in American and Irish Royalty Reporting
- Pursuing a Career at the Corner of Economics and Journalism
- Wealth and Its Distribution: A Look at Asian American Households in 2022
- Not Working, Out-of-School Young Adults in the U.S. by Race and Geography
- Convergence or Divergence? A Look at GDP Growth across Richer and Poorer Countries
- Employment Trends before and after Business Expansion Peaks
- The Changing Composition of Disability among America's Workers
- "Bought on Behalf" vs. "Purchased by": What Counts for Inflation?
- The Costless Disinflation of 2022-24
- Trade Wars, Tech Rivalry and Geopolitical Tensions
- From Dating to Marriage: Has Online Dating Made a Difference?
- How Cheap Are U.S. Imports from China?
- The Rapid Adoption of Generative AI
- The Recent Ins and Outs of Unemployment: Using Flows to Study Labor Market Dynamics
- Higher Deposit Costs Continue to Challenge Banks
- AI Optimism and Uncertainty: What Can Earnings Calls Tell Us Post-ChatGPT?
- AI Hype or Reality? Shifts in Corporate Investment after ChatGPT
- How Important Is Instructional Spending to College Students' Future Earnings?
- The Rise of Digital Advertising and Its Economic Implications
- The Type of Job Vacancy Matters When Reading the Beveridge Curve
- How Much Can Households Gain and Lose with Unexpected Inflation?
- Japan's Consolidated Balance Sheet and Challenges for Monetary Policy
- How Lending Standards Change across the Business Cycle
- Collect and Connect: Fed Librarians Bring Reserve Bank Research to a Global Audience
- Cybersecurity, Regulation among Bankers' Top Challenges
- Examining Recent Patterns in Residential Building Permits
- The Link between Falling Population and Productivity
- Why Do WFH Workers Move?
- The Puzzle of Multinationals' Profits: Why Tax Havens Yield Higher Returns
- Regional Trends in Inflation and Nominal Wages
- What Happens to Expected Stock Volatility around Election Day?
- Real-Time Insights into Consumption Growth Inequality since the Onset of COVID-19
- Who Applies to and Enrolls at Selective Colleges?
- Trends in Work from Home in the U.S.: Insights from Six Datasets
- The Evolution of Remote Work across Industries: From Potential to Practice
- Strong Earnings, Asset Quality Put U.S. Banks on Solid Ground
- Professional Forecasters' Past Performance and the 2025 Economic Outlook
- The Recent Surge in Immigration and Its Impact on Unemployment
- A Look at Inflation in Recent Years through the Lens of a Macroeconomic Model
- Quantifying the Beige Book's "Soft" Data
- The Recent Surge in Immigration and Its Impact on Measured Productivity Growth
- Are Initial Jobless Claims a Useful Gauge of Labor Market Conditions?
- U.S. Farmers Continue to Face Headwinds
- How Did U.S. Teenagers Benefit from Holiday Employment?
- Roundup: China's Housing Boom, Volcker's Pivot, AI Inflation Forecasting, and Wage Gains
- Breaking Down U.S. Population Growth: Migration and Natural Increase
- The Evolution of Global FDI: Patterns of Investment in Tax Havens and China
- Why Are Illiquid Households Affected More by Inflation?
- How Did the U.S. Economy Do Last Year? Explaining Two Measures of GDP Growth
- Unauthorized Immigration Flows Before and After COVID-19
- The Road to 2% Inflation: Are We There Yet?
- The Impact of Generative AI on Work Productivity
- Beyond the 9 to 5: Decoding the Overemployment Trend
- The Fiscal Origin of the COVID-19 Price Surge
- Flash Report: Unemployment Flows Point to Modestly Softer Labor Market Conditions in February
- Cryptocurrency Ownership among U.S. Households
- Pension or 401(k)? Retirement Plan Trends in the U.S. Workplace
- Eighth District Firms Expect Slight Acceleration of Price Pressures in 2025
- Are Continued Jobless Claims a Useful Gauge of Labor Market Conditions?
- U.S. and Eighth District Banks Face Challenges but End 2024 on Solid Footing
- What's behind Japan's High Government Debt?
- From Partner to Rival: Understanding China's Technological Rise through Patent Data
- Flash Report: March Unemployment Flows Suggest a Stable Labor Market
- Uncertainty Shocks Can Trigger Recessionary Conditions
- Nontariff Trade Barriers in the U.S. and EU
- Breakeven Employment Growth: A Simple but Useful Benchmark
- A Historical and Geographical Look at Federal Employment Levels
- What's Driving the Surge in U.S. Corporate Profits?
- Supply, Demand and the Post-Lockdown Inflation Surge
- Top 25 Developing Nations with Terrorism Incidents
- The Economics of Child Care: A State-Level Analysis
- The Broad, Continuing Rise in Delinquent U.S. Credit Card Debt Revisited
- Banking Analytics: Commercial Real Estate Loan Growth Slows to 11-Year Low
- Industry-Level Growth, AI Use and the U.S. Postpandemic Recovery
- Understanding the Net International Investment Position
- Banking Analytics: Understanding the Composition of Bank Loan Portfolios
- What Have We Learned from the U.S. Tariff Increases of 2018-19?
- Making Sense of Recession Probabilities
- Who Trades More with China than with the U.S.?
- Unemployment Insurance Eligibility and Benefits: An Analysis of Rules across U.S. States and Time
- Economic Sentiment and Indicators of Household Financial Wellness
- Flash Report: May Unemployment Flows Suggest Some Labor Market Weakening
- Banking Analytics: Net Interest Margins Rise at U.S. Banks
- Exploring Trends in Community Development Consumer Lending
- Financial Market Volatility in the Spring of 2025
- Economic Sentiment and the Role of the Labor Market
- Banking Analytics: The Growing Connection between Bank and Nonbank Sectors
- Family Care, Health Issues Remain Top Workforce Barriers
- Flash Report: June's Unemployment Rate Falls as More People Find Jobs
- Do Workforce Barriers Differ among Eighth District States?
- U.S. Retirement Normalization following the COVID-19 Pandemic
- The Use of AI in the Health Care Workplace: The U.S. Experience
- Firms' Wage-Setting Power: A New Take on Monopsony in the Labor Market
- The Use of AI in the Health Care Workplace: The Experience in Eighth District States
- Flash Report: July's Jobless Rate Rises on Softening Employment Conditions
- Home Values after a Tornado: What Can St. Louis Learn from Little Rock's 2023 Experience?
- Why U.S. House Prices Stayed Resilient While Prices Fell in Other Countries
- The Sluggish Renaissance of U.S. Manufacturing
- China's Role in Global Innovation Is Changing
- How Have U.S. Workers Fared in a Labor Market Reshaped by the Pandemic?
- How Changes in Trade Partners Have Affected U.S. Import Prices
- Recent College Grads Bear Brunt of Labor Market Shifts
- Is AI Contributing to Rising Unemployment? Evidence from Occupational Variation
- Lower Immigration Projections Mean Lower Breakeven Employment Growth Estimates
- Where Developing Nations Prone to Transnational Terrorism Stand in Foreign Aid and FDI
- Flash Report: August Jobless Rate Rises as Employment Conditions Soften Further
- Aggregate Implications of the Rise in Firms' Custom Software Investments
- Small Business Lending Trends and Banking Deserts, 2019-23
- How Well Are Inflation Expectations Anchored? Two Datasets Compared
- What Causes "Jumps" in Stock Prices?
- How Common Are Monthly Payroll Job Losses during Business Expansions?
- Banking Analytics: Modifications to Commercial Real Estate Loans Rise
- Understanding the "Swoosh"-Shaped Yield Curve for Treasuries
- Are U.S. Treasuries Still "Convenient"?
- How Tariffs Are Affecting Prices in 2025
- Is the U.S. in an Above-Target Inflation Regime?
- The Role of Single-Family Rentals in the U.S. Housing Market
- Banking Analytics: Understanding Credit Risk with the Texas Ratio
- Banking Analytics: Unrealized Losses Decrease Again at U.S. Banks
- Navigating in the Dark: Using High-Frequency Private Data to Track the Labor Market
- The State of Generative AI Adoption in 2025
- The Beveridge Curve's Predictive Power: Why Job Vacancy Types Matter for Monetary Policy
- Flash Report: Unemployment and Payroll Both Rise in September
- Analyzing Japan's $550 Billion Pledge to Invest in the U.S.
- Regulated Payment Stablecoins Become a Reality in the U.S.
- Community Banking Conference Spotlights Research on Bank Failures
- What Are the Characteristics of Banks with Large Unrealized Losses?
- Young Adults and the Softening U.S. Labor Market: A Warning Sign?
- Flash Report: U.S. Unemployment Rose Moderately in November
- Revisiting Professional Forecasters' Past Performance and the Outlook for 2026
- A Look at U.S. Services Export Trends
- Sources of Intergenerational Persistence in College Attainment
- What Is Affecting the CPS Data on Shifts in Immigrant and Native-Born Populations?
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