Full text of Statistics of Youth on Relief, Series I, No. 16
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, • ...., CUMEN T
ROOf11
r orthwestern
U n i ver 0 t.'
Ut-r~
7857
WO R K S P R O G R E S S A D M I N I S T R A T I O N
Harry L. Hopki ns, Admi ni s tra tor
.,
Howard B. Myers, Director,
Soci al Res earch Division
Corrington Gill,
Assi~tant J..drninistra tor
RESEARCH
BULLETIN
STATI STICS OF
YOUTH ON F.ELIE.F
January 6 ,. 1936
Se ri es I, No . 16
Digitized by
Original from
NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY
NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY
7.857
PREFACE
This Bulletin presents in summary form data and estimates
brought together to provide a statistical description of relief
youth in the United States. Youth is defined (in accordance with
Executive Order No. 7086, of June 26 , 1935, creating the National
Youth Ad.ministration) to include persons over 16 and under 25 years
of age.
The table_s and text are divided into five major categories:
(a)
( b)
( c)
(d)
(e)
Youth in general
Urban youth
Rural youth
Transient youth
Youth in Civilian Conservation Corps camps
The relief estimates in this Bulletin were prepared in the
Urban and Rural Sections of the Division of Social Research. They
are based on current relief records, and apply to May 1935, although
figures for certain classes of youth were projected from the 1933
Relief Census without special correction for such variables as migration and the effects of administrative policy with regard to rural
rehabilitatiozt. Further data now in process of analysis will make
possible within a few months a revision and extension of the preliminary information contained in this r eport.
Prepared by
0. L. Harvey and Mapheus Smith
under the supervision of
Henry B. Arthur, Assiste.nt Director
Division of Social Research
Digitized by
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NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY
NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY
7857
Youth in General
Youth r ep r e s entati on in the t0tal ponulati0n and in the relief
populati on - Youth is slightly underr epresented on ·r .elief. Out of a
total of 122, 775, 046 p ers ons in the continental United States there
were (according to the 1930 Census) 16.4 percent (20,126,794) who were
youth between the ages of 16 and 25 . According to estimates of May
1935, there were approximately 18,067,000 persons on r elief in the
United States, of whom 15.9 percent (2,876,000) were youth.
The pri ncipal char acte risti c s of youth on general relief contrasted with th ose of all youth - Of all youth in t he Uni t ed State s,
according to the 1930 Census, 43 . 9 pe r cent are rural ; of youth on
general relief according to e stimates of May 1935, 40 . 0 per cent (l,15n, OOO)
are rural (Table I). About one-eighth (i2.B pe r cent) of all youth are
colored (i . e ., non-whites), whereas of r~lief y outh 15.3 percent (43,800)
are colored . Youth past the usual high school age are less likely to be
on relief than are the younger youth; about three-fourths (76.8 percent)
of all youth are between the ~g~s of 18 and 25 , compared with 71 . 8 pe r cent
of relief youth.
Half of all youth in the United Stat es (50 . 6 pe r cent ) are female,
compared with 51.6 percent of the youth on general relief (1,483,800) .
This slight overrepr esentation of females is in part a result of the
fact that special programs are heavily weighted with males (particularly
the Civilian Conservation Corps and Transient bureaus), who are conseQuently underrepresented on general relief rolls.
General charactPristi cs of relief youth, by States - The incidence
of relief among y outh, de s cribed in the pr evious section, is fairly generally refl~cted in the individual states , which, as may be expected, vary
with respect to color and urban-rural characteristic s (Tables II, III and
IV).
Column I of Table IV permits a rough comparison of the s o-called
intensity of relief among youth of the various states. In Kentucky, for
example, the percentage of youth on relief is greater than that for the
United States.
Similar comparisons between any state and the United States average
may be made with respect to any subdivision of the population presented in
the other columns . Fnr example, in Kentucky rural youth are considerably
more overrepresented on relief than are rural youth in the United States
as a whole .
Relief .l2.~ QI~ l--9.c~?J r..:~E~r_:~~ !__s..~~½:~ ~!_~ :r2uth _
UEQ)
Youth 1n relief in the Unit ed States constitute 14.3 percent of the number
~f youth recorded in the 1930 Census. Fifteen and three-tenths pe r cent of
urban youth and 13.0 percent of rural you th; 13 . 3 pPrcent of white and 17 .1
Digitized by
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NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY
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-
7857
- 2 -
percent of Negro youth; 17.4 percent of 16 - 17 year ol~ and 13.4 percent
of 18 - 24 year old youth; and 14.0 pe r cent of male and 14.6 pe rcent of
female youth are on the general relief rolls./,_ Table IV).
Yo~th Among Workers Eligible for Employment
Unde r t he Works Progr e s~. Administration
In l.1arch 1935 there we re in the United States 6,112,529 worke rs
16-64 years of age on relief (Table V) who were eligible for employment
under the Wor ks Progress Admi nist rationy. Almost thre e-t enths (~8.4
percent) of them were youth of 16-24 years of age. This proportion is
greater than that for any ten-year age group. Women are particularly
concentrated in the youth group, 39 . 4 percent, of all female workers are
between 16- 24 years of age . The proportion of females in the older age
groups decreases p rogressively according to age, from 20.3 percent to
6.7 percent.
1_/
"An eligible wo r ker is any pe r son, male or female, 16 years of age or
over, who is a member of a reli ef household, and who is working or
seeking wor~c, except an adult male or femal e nee ded at home to care
for dependents under 16 y8ars of age 11 • Manual of Work Division Procedur e , Section 2, p . 1.
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7857
- 3 -
Table I
Comparison of General Relief Youth with all Youth in Terms of
Percentage by Re s idence , Race, Age, and Sex .
Given
Characteristic
All Youth
Total
20 ,1 26,794
PER
Relief Youth
2,8 76 ,800
CENT DISTRIBUTION
Residence :
Urban
Rural
56.1
43 . 9
60 . 0
40 . 0
Race:
White
Colo r ed
87. 2
12 . 8
84 .7
15.3
Age:
16 - 17 years
18 - 24 ye a rs
23 . 2
76 . 8
28 . 2
71. 8
Sex:
Male
Female
49 .4
50 . 6
48 . 4
51. 6
Digitized by
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NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY
NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY
78'27
4
Table II Youth in the ULited State3, Classified by Area , Color
and Race, ~ge and Sex : u. s. Census 1930 - Continued
.
.'.RE.A
S-t e.te
Total
Ho.
\!fr.te.d Stateg 20z l26 z794
~·. .1a barr,a
!..rizona
Arkansas
California
Colorado
Conne cticut
Delaware
Di3t . of Col .
Florida
Ge orgia
In.aha
Illi nois
Indiana
I owa
Kansas
Kentucky
Louisiana
W.aine
,~arylanii
' .ass achusetts
- 1/iichig an
Minnesota
Mis sissippi
Miss ouri
Mon tana
Nebraska
Nevada.
New· Ha.rr:pshire
New J ~rsey
New Mexic o
New York
N. Car olina
N. Da.kota
.., Ohio
Oklahoma
bregon
Pennsylvania
_;;ihode Island
J . Car olina
s. Dakota
'Ier_ne s see
Texas
'Jtah
Vermont
Virgi nia
Washington
W. Vir ginia
Wisconsin
Wyorr.ing
+94,811
72,598
337, 23 0
821, 110
163 , 302
250 , 018
37, 189
77,790
248, 733
557 ,045
72 , 963
1,218, 123
493 , 964
379, 413
303,261 .
428,845
381, 222
115, 166
263,197
637 , 313
749,667
405 ,083
378,110
576,793
83 _, 395
226,851
12,753
65,788
642 , 413
72,444
2, 000,613
593, 213
121,903
1 ,025 ,667
434, 377
144,882
1 , 545 ,198
106,962
335,920
115,232
472 ,650
1,068,678
87, 843
52 ,868
422,917
240,722
294 ,911
458,975
36,673
Urb an
No .
100,,0
11 1 282.z l51
Rural
No .
56 . 1
8 2 844 2643
100.0
14(',g':-,7
28 . 5
100 .0
34 . 8
25 , 281
100 . 0
20 . 6
69, 337
100 .0
73 . 5
603 , 411,3
100 .0
48 . 9
79,923
100 .0
72 . 3
180, 747
100 .0
53 . 3
19,814
100 . 0
n ,no 100 . 0
100.,0
50 . 6
125 ,805
100 . 0
31 . 2
173 , 716
lOOoO
30 . 2
22 ,041
100 . 0
75 . 8
923 , 43 8
100 . 0
57 . 9
285, 7~2
lOOQO
39.6
150, 322
100 . 0
39 .4
119, 33 5
100 . 0
30.4
13 0, 449
100 . 0
39 , 2
149, 510
100 . 0
41 . 2
/+7 , 503
100 .0
60 , 7
159, 717
100 . 0
91 . 0 ·
580,021
100.0
70 . 6
52 '.),061
100 .0
49 . l
198,971
100 .0
17 ,0
64 , 26 8
10000
52 . 9
305 , 291
3--1- . 2
lOOoO
20, s:1
34 . 0
100. 0
79,084
38 . 3
l00cO
4 ,887
61.2
100. 0
-10, 242
84 . 3
100 . 0
541 , :315
25 , 2
100~0
18, 248
100 . 0 l,7Zl, 287
86 . 0
26 . 8
100 . 0
158, 789
16 ,, 8
100. 0
2(\ 490
100 . 0
69 . 8
716,255
100.0 ·
34 . <J
151 , 408
100 . 0 ·
53 . 0
7f:, 767
100 . 0 1 ,06 9, 276
69 . 2
100.0
93 . 0
99 , 522
100. 0
21 . 5
72 ,090
100.0
19 . 3
22 , 22 9
100 .0 .
35 . 2
166, 363
100.0
41 . c
438,547
i:; ~·
100 .. 0
46,726
- .:l • L
100()0
34
,7
18,335
100.0
33 . 7
142 , 546
100 . 0
57 . 6
13 8, 663
l00a0
29 . 2
86,080
100 . 0
54 . 7
251 ,008
100 . 0 .
29 . 6
::. ') . 861
~
353 , 854
47 , 317
267, 893
217 , 667
83 , 379
69,271
17, 375
122, 838
383, 329
50, 922
294, 685
. 208,182
229,091
183, 926
298 , 396
231, 712
67 , 663
103 , 480
57, 292
220,606
206 , 112
313 , 842
271, 502
54,874
147,767
7, 866
25_, 546
101, 098
54, 196
279, 326
434 . 424
101,413
309, 412
282 , 969
68,115
475_,922
7.,440
263,830
93,003
306, 287
.· 630 , 131
41,117
34, 533
: 280, 371
·102,059
208, 831
_-g'J7, 967
25, 812
C
43.9
White
No.
COLOR ..:'.ND R..'..CE
Ne ro & Other s
or;
No .
%
17 2 558 ! 849
87 . 2
310, 180 62 . 7
42 , 362 58 . 4
245 , 383 72 . 8
718, 957 87 . 6
151, 411 92 . 7
245 , 371 98 . 1
31, 764 85.4
54 , 378 69 . 9
164 , 901 66 . 3
49 . 4
336, 458 60.4
68 . 8
69 . 8
72, 009 98 . 7
1,158,756 95 . 1
24. 2
474,615 96 . 1
42 . 1
376,192 99 . 2
60.4
289, 836 95 . 6
60 . 6
392, 164 91.4
69 . 6
234, 993 61 . 6
60 .. 8
58 . 8
11'1-,874 99 . 7
214 , 878 81 . 6 ·
39 . 3
629,804 98 . 8
9. 0
718 , 978 95 . 9
29 . 4
401, 23 7 99 . l
50 . 9
180, 655 47 . 8
83 .0
540,580 93 . 7
47 . 1
80,265 96 . 2
65 . 8
223 , 323 98 e4
65 . l
61 ,. 7
ll,417 89 . 5
6 5, 625 99 . 8
38c8
606,958 94 . 5
15 .7
56 , 286 77 . 7
74 08
1 , 926 , 226 96 . 3
14 . 0
402 , 689 67 . 9
73 . 2
120,291 98 . 7
83 . 2 30.,2
975 , 910 95 . 1
382 , 612 8s . 1
65 . 1
142 , 429 98 . 3
47 . 0
1,474,939 9':5 . 5
30 . 8
7. 0
105 , 564 98 . 7
78 e5
173 , 755 51 . 7
111,504 96 , 8
80 . 7
381,126 80 . 6
64 . 8
59 , 0
771,097 72 . 2
46 . 8
86 , 266 98 . 2
65 . 3
52 , 765 99 . 8
66 . 3
307 , 676 72 . 8
4 2.4
23 4 . 273 97 . 3
275 , 423 93 . 4
70c8
45 , 3
454 ,6 98 99 . 1
34 , 996 95 .4
70.4
71 . 5
65 . 2
79 . 4
26 . 5
51 . 1
27 . 7
46 . 7
Digitized by
Original from
NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY
NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY
2 2 :,67 2 945 12 . 8
184 , 631
30, 23 6
91 1 8-17
102, 153
11, 891
4 , 647
5 1 425
23 , 412
83, 832
220, 587
954
59, 367
19,349
3 , 221
13 , 425
36, 681
146,229
292
48~319
7, 509
30, 689
3 , 846
1 97 , 455
36,213
3,13 0
3 , 528
1 , 336
163
35 , 4 55
16 , 158
74, 387
190, 524
1 , 612
49, 757
51, 765
2, 453
70, 259
1 , 398
162, 165
3, 728
91, 524
297, 581
1,577
103
115,241
6 , 449
19, 4 88
4 , 277
1, 677
37 . 3
41 . 6
27 . 2
12 . 4
7.3
1.9
14 . 6
30.1
33 . 7
39. 6
1.3
4. 9
3. 9
C.8
4.4
8. 6
38 . 4
0.3
18 . 4
1. 2
4.1
0. 9
52 . 2
6.3
3.8
1 .,6
10.5
Oc-2
5.5
22 . 3
3.7
32 . 1
1.3
4. 9
11. 9
1.7
4.5
1.3
48 . 3
3.2
19. 4
27 . 8
1.8
0.2
27 . 2
2. 7
6. 6
o.9
4.6
Table II.
Youth in the United Stat es , Classified by .Area, Color
and Race , Age and Sex: U. S. Census 19 30 - Continued
7857
- 5 -
.A e
United StatGs
Alabama.
.Ari zona
1 6- 17 Years 18- 24 Years
No .
Fo.
,,o
%
4 , 6E3 , 137 23 . 2 15 , 463 , 657 76 . 8
123 , 494
l f3 , 064
82 , 395
167,003
38 , 285
60 ; 230
8, 569
13,3f.5
56 ,142
136,036
18 , 231
272 , 342
114 , 727
90 , 661
71 , 336
105 , 622
87 , 624
27 , 916
58 , 84()
147 , 627
1 67 , 197
97 , 256
91 , 752
132 , 487
20 , 468
53 , 785
2 , 688
15 , 769
147 , 529
17 I 396
420 , 052
148 , 633
30 , 712
230 , 795
102 ,1 89
33,525
373, 476
· 25 , 396
86 , 710
371 , 317
56 ,534
Arkansas
254 , 835
California
654 ,107
Colorado
125 , 017
Conn~cticut
1 89 I 788
Delawar e
28 ,620
]ist . of Col.
64 , 425
Florida
192 , 591
Georgia
421 , 009
Idaho
54,732
:llinois
945 ,781
;ndiana
379 , 237
I owa . . ·
288 , 752
. Ks.nsas
231 , 925
Kentucky
323 , 223
293 , 598
:Lpuisiana
l,Iaine
37 , 250
,Viaryl and
204 , 357
· '.Massachusetts
489 , 686
582 , 470
lAJchigan
1
307 , 827
Minneso ta
, 358
286
Mississippi
444 , 306
Missouri
62 , 927
Montane.
173, 066
Neb r ::,,ska
10 , 065
Nevada
50 , 019
New Hampshire
494 , 784
New Jersey
55 , 048
New Mexico
, 5'31
1,580
New York
, 580
444
N. Carolina
91 , 191
N. Dakota
794 , 872
Ohio
332 , 1 88
Oklahoma
, 357
111
Oregon
1,171 , 722
24.2
P~nnsylvania
81 , 5136
23 . 7
Rhode Island
, 210
249
8
.
25
s. Carolina
069
,
87
4
.
24
28,>3..6 3
s. Dakota
960
,
,
11~
.
359 690
23 . 9
Tennessee
824 , 233
244 , 445 22 . 9
Texas
66 , 771
0
.
24
072
,
21
Utah
,115
40
24.1
753
12,
Vermont
416
,
318
7
.
24
104 , 501
Vi r ginia
,
185 701
55, 021 22 . 9
Washington
222 , 716
72 . 195 24 . 5
Vi r ginia
349 , 386
9
.
3
by2
fl~
10~·
Wis0onsin
~SITY
U~y
NORTHWf8i1©~
28 , 659
Wyoming
1
w.
25 . 0
22 . 1
24. 4
20 . 3
23 . 4
24.1
23 .".)
17~2
22 . 6
24. 4
25 . 0
22 . 4
23 . 9
23 . 9
23 . 5
24 . 6
23 . 0
24 . 2
22.4
23 . 2
22 . 3
24. 0
24 . 3
23 . 0
24 . 5
23 . 7
21.1
24 . 0
23 . 0
24 . 0
21.0
25 . 1
25 . 2
22 . 5
23 . 5
23 .l
75 . 0
77 . 9
75 . 6
79 . 7
76 . 6
75 . 9
77 . 0
82 . 8
77 . 4
75 . 6
75 . 0
77 . 6
76 . 8
76 . 1
76 .5
75 . 4
77 . 0
75 . 8
77 . 6
76 . 8
77 . 7
76 . 0
75 . 7
77 . 0
75 . 5
76 . 3
78 . 9
76 . 0
77 . 0
76 . 0
79 . 0
74.9
74.8
77.5
76.5
76 . 9
75 . 8
713.3
74 . 2
75 . 6
76.1
77 .1
76 ,')
75 . 9
75 . 3
77 .1
75.5
76 .1
78 .1
Male
No .
9 , 939 , 992
%
49 . 4
237 , 268 48 .(\
37,367 51.5
164 , 987 48 . 9
419 , 797 51.1
81 , 290 49 . 8
122 , 119 48 . 8
19 , 047 51.2
36 , 713 47 . 2
118, 186 47 .5
268 ,145 48 . 1
37 , 709 51. 7
600 , 4 73 49 . 3
2413 , 682 49 . 9.
190 ,11 7 50 . 1
152 , 276 50 . 2
213 , 511 49 . 8
183 , 018 48 . 0
57 ,121 49 . 6
133 , 721 50 . 8
306 , 810 48 .1
377 , 997 50 . 4
201 , 015 49 . 6
1 81 , 806 48 . 1
282 ,11 8 48 . 9
43 , ,;59 52 .1
113, 831 50 . 2
6 , 884 54~0
32,224 49 . 0
317 , 323 49 . 4
36 , 328 50 . 1
976 , 185 48 . 8
286 , 776 48 . 3
62 , 647 51.4
506 , 924 49 . 4
216 , 203 49 . 8
73 , 068 50.4
762 , 248 49 . 3
51 , 706 48 . 3
160 , 695 47 . 8
58 ,823 51.0
230 , 022 48 . 7
529 , 577 49 . 6
43, 965 50 . 0
27 , 328 51. 7
212 ,1 85 50 . 2
122 , 839 51.0
146 , 907 49 . 8
232 , 'ti:~ina1&Ri 6
NO RlBy\lEE$ERi
Sex
Female
No .
l'\ 186 , 802
257 , 523
35 , 231
172 , 243
401 , 313
82 , 012
127 ,~99
18 , 142
41 , 077
130 , 547
288 , 900
35 , 254
617, 650
2,i7 , ;:: 32
189 , 296
150 , 985
215,334
19 8 , 204
58 . 045
129 , 47'5
330 , 503
371 , 670
204 , 0 68
196,304
294 , 675
39 , 936
113 , 020
5 , 869
33 , 564
325 , 090
36 , 116
1, 024 , 428
306 , 437
59 , 256
518,743
218 ,1 74
71, 814
782 , 950
55 , 256
1 75 , 225
56 , 4C9
242 , 628
539 , 101
43 , 878
25 , 540
210 , 732
117 , 883
148 , 004
226 , 561
l'HVERSIT¥.l f , 555
f~
50 .
~
52 . 0
48 . 5
51.1
48 ! 9
50 . 2
51. 2
48 . 8
52 . 8
52 .5
51.9
48 . 3
50 , 7
cf ,1
49 . 9
49 . 8
50 . 2
52 !0
50 ~4
49 . 2
51.9
49 . 6
50 . 4
51.9
51!1
47 . 9
49 . 8
46 , 0
51~ 0
50 . 6
49 . 9
51.2
51.7
48 . 6
50! 6
50 . 2
49 . 6
50 . 7
51.7
52 ! 2
49 . 0
51. 3
E0 . 4
50 . 0
48 . 3
49 . 6
49 . 0
50 . 2
49 . 4
45 . 1
6
7857
Table III'_.
.Youth on Relief in thr United 3tates, Cla.33ified
by Area., Co1.or and Race, Age, u.d Sex, May 1935 - Continued
.
COLOR .A.ND RA.CE
AREA
State
.United
States
Total
No.
- --~f
2, 8_76.1.. '.J_9_Q__l_C_2 • 0
_j_a,barna.
28~800
Arizona.
12, 900
Arkansas
40, 800
California
116, 100
Colorado
37, 600
Connecticut
23 , 900
Delaware
2, 200
District of Col . 6,900
Florida.
36, 600
Georgia
51, 100
Idaho
17, 100
Illinois
155, 200
Indi ana.
60,400
I owa
37,500
Kansas
56, 400
Kentucky
94, 400
Louisiana
23 ,900
Maine
n,soo
Marvla.nd
25,900
Ma~sa~~usetts
102 1 300
'"'a_chigan
102,800
iw:. nneso ta
93 , 800
Missis sippi
21,000
Miss ouri
90,500
Mont ana
15, 500
Nebraska
32, 300
Nevada
1, 000
New Hampshire
6,600
New Jersey
84,900
Nevr Mexico
16,400
New York
279, 000
Nor·t h Carolina.
41, 300
North Dakota.
32, 900
Ohio
172, 700
82,700
Oklahoma
· oregon
13 , 700
Pennsylvania
287,600
Rhode Island
10, 100
39, 400
~outh Carolina.
~uth Dakota
44, 400
·1'ennessee
58,900
Texas
151,900
20, 100
Utah
Vermont
4_, 200
Virginia
52 , 500
Washington
30, 200
West Virginia
75 , 300
Wisconsin
69,900
Wyoming
3, 400
100 . 0
100 .0
1')0 .0
100 .0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100 .0
100.0
100 .0
100 .0
100 .0
100 .0
100.0
100 .0
100 .0
100 .0
100 .0
100 .0
100 .0
100 .0
100.0
100 .0
100 .0
100 . 0
l0C . u
100 .0
100 .0
100 .0
100 .0
100 .0
100 .0
100.0
100 .0
100.0
100.0
100 .0
100.0
100 .0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100 .0
100 .0
100 .0
100.0
100 .0
100 .0
100.0
T.Tr ban
lJo •
Rural
c,
Noa
0
White
No.
60 .0
1!150.z..f.90
40 . 0
2z437 z000
84 . 7
46 . 9
13 , SCO
45 .0
5, 800
47 . 8
19,500
87, 900
75 .7
24, 500
65.2
21, 500
90.0
1, 700
77 . 3
6 , 900 100 .0
20,400
55 .7
27,900
54 .6
40. 9
1,000
120,000
77 .3
43 , 600
72 . 2
22 , 400
59. 7
28 , 000
49 .6
12 .9
12, 200
69 .0
16, 500
46 .6
5, 500
74 . 5
19, 300
92.4
94, 500
61,300
59 . 6
50,600
53 . 9
6, 700
31 . 9
61 .8
55, 900
6 , 600
42 .6
49 . 5
16, 000
400
40 .0
5,4•JL· 81 . 5
85 . 2
72,3v0
42 . 7
1,000
e1 .9
245 , 300
16,900
40.9
4 , 500
13 . 7
121,600
70.4
22 , 400
27.1
8, 5CO 62.0
61.0
175 , 400
94.1
9, 500
29 . 4
ll, 600
15.3
6,800
19,900
33 ~8
91,100
60 ,0
54.7
11,000
2, soo
59. 5
21,500
41 . 0
65 . 2
19,700
'13 , 000
17 . 3
43,100
61 . 7
50.0
1,100
15~300
7, 100
21, 300
28, 200
13,100
2, 400
500
53 . 1
55 .0
52 . 2
24 . 3
34 .8
10.0
22 . 7
16,200
23 , 200
10, 100
35, 200
16,800
15, 100
28, 400
82, 200
7, 400
6, 300
6, 600
7, 800
41, 500
43 , 200
14, 300
34, 600
8,900
16, 300
600
1, 200
12, 600
9, 400
33 , 700
24,400
28 , 400
51, 100
60,300
s , 200
112, 200
600
27,800
37, 600
39,00
60,800
9, 100
1, 700
31,000
10,500
62 , 300
26 , 800
1 1 700
44 . 3
45.4
59 . 1
22 . 7
27 . 8
40.3
50.4
87 . 1
31.0
53.4
25.5
7 .6
40.4
46 . 1
68 .1
38 .2
57.4
50.5
60.0
18 . 5
14 . 8
57 . 3
12.1
59 . l
86 . 3
29 .6
72 .9
38 .0
39 .0
s .9
70 . 6
84 . 7
66 . 2
40 .0
45 . 3
40.5
59.0
34 . 8
82 . 7
38 . 3
16,600
5, 700
30, 4()0
94 , 300
30, 600
22 , 600
1, 600
1, 400
20, 100
27 ,600
17, 100
135,100
53 , 400
36, 400
50,00G
88,900
12, 800
11, 800
18, 400
99, 500
96 , 300
92,700
12,900
73 , 200
15, 200
31, 000
900
6,60G
11, 100
14, 700
258 , SOO
22 , 400
32, 600
149, 100
71,700
13 , 700
250, 500
9, 600
17, 100
44, 400
48 , 900
87, 400
19, 900
4 , 200
34, 100
29,900
71,800
68, 100
3, 300
57 . 6
44 . 2
74 . 5
81 . 2
81.4
94 . 6
72 . 7
20.3
54 .9
54 .0
100.0
87.0
68 . 4
97 . 1
c8 . 7
94.2
53 .6
100.0
71 .0
97 . 3
93.7
98 .8
61 . 4
l t 726 zBC0
so.a
80 . 9
98 .. l
96 • ..,
90.0
100.0
84 . 5
89 . 6
92.8
54 . 2
99.l
86.3
86.7
100.0
90.6
95.0
43 . 4
100.0
83.0
57 . 5
99 .0
100 .0
65 .0
99 .0
95 . 4
97 . 4
97 . 1
• Fewer than 50 persons .
Digitized by
Original from
NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY
NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY
439 !800
15 . 3
12 , 200 42 . 4
7, 200 55 .8
10, 400 25 . 5
21,800 12 . a
1 ,000 18 .6
1,300
5.4
600 27 . 3
s , 500 79 . 7
16, 500 45 . 1
23 , 500 46 .0
•
20, 100
1,000
1, 100
6, 400
5, 500
n,100
•
7,500
2,800
6, 500
1,100
8, 100
17, 300
300
1,300
100
•
13 , 200
1, 700
20,200
18,900
300
23 ,600
11,000
•
27, 100
500
22 , 300
•
•
13 .0
11 . 6
2 .9
11 . 3
s.s
46 . 4
•
29 . 0
2. 7
6.3
1. 2
38 .6
19. l
1 .9
4 .0
10.0
•
15 . 5
10.4
7. 2
45 .8
0.9
13 . 7
13 . 3
•
9.4
5 .0
56 . 6
•
10~000
64,500
200
17.0
42.5
1.0
18, 400
300
3, 500
1, 800
100
35 .0
1 .0
4. 6
2. 6
2. 9
7857
- 7 -
Table III. Youth on Relief in the United States, Classified by Area,
Color and Race , Age, and Sex, May 1935 - Continued
A. e
16 - 17 Years
No .
%
810, 600 28 .2
State
United Sta.tee
►
Alabama
.Arizona
Arkansas
California.
Colorado
Connecticut
Delaware
District of Columbia.
Florida
Georgia.
Ida.ho
Illinois
Indiana.
Iowa.
Ka.nsa.s
Kentucky
Louisiana
Maine
Ma.ryla.nd
Ma.ssa.chusetts
Mic'higan
Miri nes ota.
Missis sippi
Mi :.; s ouri
Moil tana
Nebraska.
NeYada
New Hamp shire
New Jersey
New Mexico
New York
North Carolina
North Dakota.
Ohio
Oklahoma.
Oregon
Pennsylvania.
Rhode I sland
South Carolina.
South Dakota
Tennessee
Texas
Utt>.h
Ver.:-iont
Vir ·:i..ni a.
War- Ji ingto11.
Wes t Virginia
W~s-:onsin
Wyoming
6,500
3,300
9,200
30;900
10,600
7,500
700
1,500
8,400
11,700
5,100
47,600
18,300
11,200
15,300
2'l,700
4,900
3,700
7,400
32,400
30, 300
26,300
5,600
24,600
4,900
10,200
400
2,200
25 ,900
4,500
81,000
12,200
10, 200
50,900
21,soo
4,500
83 ,100
3,400
9.9()0
12, , " O
16, CiO
37,800
5,900
1,500
14,500
9,200
19,700
19,700
900
22.6
25.6
22.5
26 .6
28.2
31.4
31.8
21.7
23.0
22.9
29.8
30.7
30.3
29.9
27.1
26.2
20.5
31 .4
28.6
31.7
29.5
28 .0
26.7
27 . 2
31.6
31.• ~
40 .0
32 .3
30. 5
27.4
29 .0
29 . 5
31 .0
29 . 5
26 .0
32 .8
28.9
33 . 7
25 .1
29.l
27 . 2
24 .9
29 .4
35.7
27 .6
30 .5
26 . 2
28 .2
26 . 5
Sex
18 - 24 Yea.r s
%
No.
'
2,066,200 71.8
22 _, 30(')
!;,600
31,60(1
t35, 200
27,000
16,'1-00
1,500
5,.t,00
28, 200
39,400
12,roo
107,600
/t2,100
26,300
-1-1,100
W, 700
19,000
a, 100
18,500
69,~00
n , 500
67, 500
15,"',00
65, 900
10,600
22,100
600
4,400
5~.,')00
11,900
1 ,8,000
29, 100
22 ,700
121,800
61, 200
9,200
20~,.soo
6,700
29 1 .SOO
31, 500
42,900
114, 100
14, 200
2, 700
38,000
21,000
55 ,600
50,200
2, s oo
77.4
74.4
77.5
73.4
71.8
68.6
68.2
78.3
77.0
77.1
70.2
69.3
69.7
70.l
72 .9
73.8
79 . 5
68.6
71.4
68.3
70.5
n.o
73.3
72 .8
68.4
68.4
60.0
67.7
69.5
72 .6
71.0
70.5
69.0
70 .5
74 .0
67.2
71.l
66.3
74.9
70 .9
72 .8
75 .1
70.6
64.3
72.4
69.5
73 .8
71.8
73 . 5
Ma.le
Noe
Female
%
1,393 ,ooo
48 .4
13~000
6,300
17,800
56,900
17,600
12.,300
1,000
2,700
17,300
24,200
8, 500
76,100
29, 700
17,600
27,000
45,000
10,900
5,700
12,100
49,700
52 , 100
45,100
9,300
42 ,800
7,400
15,700
600
3,300
42,700
7,600
137,400
18,600
15,800
86,500
38,900
6,700
144, 200
5, 2~,()
45.1
48.8
43.6
49.0
46 .8
51.5
45.5
39.l
47.3
18, 2' ')
21, c : J
27, 8': J
7C 1 :,_._:C)
9,900
2,100
25,000
14,600
37,100
33,700
1,600
47.4
49.7
-1-9.0
49.2
46.9
47.9
47.7
45.6
48.3
46.7
48 .6
50.7
48.l
44.3
47.3
47.7
48.6
60.0
49 . 2
50.3
46.3
49 .2
45 .0
49 o0
50.1
47 .0
48 .9
50.1
s1~s
47 .7
47 ... 3
47 o2
46.1
49 . 3
so.a
47 .6
48 .3
49.3
48 . 2
47.1
%
No .
1,403,800
51.6
15~800
6,600
23,000
59,200
20,000
11,600
1,200
4 ,200
19,300
26.900
8,600
79,100
30,700
19,900
29,400
49,400
13,000
6,100
13 ,800
52 ,600
50,700
48,700
11,700
47,700
0,100
16 ,600
400
3 , 300
42 , 200
8,800
141,600
22,700
17,100
86,200
43,800
7,000
143,400
4 ,900
20,600
23 , 400
31,100
81,800
10,200
2, 100
27 , 500
15,600
38,200
36,200
1,soo
54 .9
51 .2
56 .4
51 .0
53 .2
48.5
54.5
60.9
52 .7
52 .6
50.3
51.0
50 .8
53 .l
s2 .1
52 .3
54 .'1s1.7
53 .3
51.4
49 .3
51.9
55 .7
52 .7
52 .3
51 . 4
40.0
s o.a
49.7
53 .7
so.a
55.0
52 .0
49.9
53 .0
51.1
49 .9
48.5
52 . 3
52 .7
52 .8
53 .9
50 .7
so .a
52 . 4
51. 7
50 .7
51.8
52 .9
Digitized by
Original from
NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY
NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY
7857
- 8 -
Table lV. Relief Youth, Ma.y 1935, a.s Percent of Total Youth,
Classified by Residence, Race, Age, and Sex . 1930
State
Total
Urban
Rural
White
Negro
and
Other
16- 17
18-24
Male
Female
United States
14 . 3
15 . 3
13 .0
13 .9
17 . 1
17 . 4
13 . 4
14 .0
14 . 6
5. 8
17 . 5
12 .1
14 . 1
23 .0
9 .6
5. 9
8. 9
14 . 7
9. 2
23.4
12 . 7
12 . 2
9. 9
18 . 6
22 .0
6.3
10.2
9. 8
16 .0
13 . 7
23 . 2
5.6
L'5 . 7
18. 6
14 . 2
7. 8
10.0
13 , 2
22 . 6
13 . 9
7. 0
27 .0
16 . 8
19. 0
9. 5
18 . 6
9. 4
11. 7
38 . 5
12 . 5
14 . 2
22 . 9
7. 9
12 . 4
12 . 5
25. 5
15. 2
9.3
9. 6
22 . 9
28 . 1
14.6
30.7
11 . 9
8 .6
8. 9
16 . 2
16 . 1
31. 8
.13 .0
15 . 3
14 . 9
23 . 5
9. 4
4.3
15 .0
0.0
13 .0
. 15 . 7
3.5
2. 9
5.4
13 . 5
12 . 4
13 . 1
20.2
9. 2
5 .0
2.6
12 . 2
8. 2
23 . 7
11 . 7
11 . 3
9. 7
17 . 3
22 . 7
5. 4
10.3
8. 6
15 . 8
13 . 4
23 . 1
7. 1
13 . 5
18. 9
13 . 9
7. 9
10.1
11 . 8
26 . 1
13.4
5.6
27 , 1
15 . 3
18. 7
9. 6
17 . 7
9,1
9. 8
39. 8
12 . 0
11 . 3
23 . l
8. 0
11. 1
12 . 0
26 . 1
15 .0
9.4
6 .6
23 .8
11. 3
21 . 3
58 . 9
28 .0
11. 1
23 . 5
19. 7
10.7
5. 3
20 . 5
11. 2
18. 5
27 . 7
12 . 5
8. 2
11. 2
15 .0
8. 6
28.0
17. 5
16 .0
12 . 4
21 . 4
23 . 4
5. 6
13 . 3
12 . 6
21 . 9
18 . 1
27 . 0
0. 1
18 . 6
23 . 9
19.0
14. 9
14 .0
17 . 5
25 . 9
19. 3
8.2
33 . 2
22 . 1
21.0
13 . 4
22 . 3
13 . 4
6.0
5. 5
16 . 9
10.8
13 .6
21 . 7
10.1
5. 3
7 .4
14.6
6.1
18 . 7
13 ~4
14.8
24 . 4
9. 1
6.6
10. 2
14 . 8
9. 3
24 . 4
12.0
12 . 4
10, 5
19. 5
22 . 9
6 .• 6
10. 5
10.7
15 . 9
13 . 6
23 . 9
6 .0
16 . 2
20.3
14 . 7
6.8
9. 8
13 .0
24 . 4
13 .8
7.4
28 . 9
16.6
20.1
9.7
18.3
8, 9
11. 0
41 . 5
12 . 0
15 . 2
23 . 2
8. 2
13 .0
13 . 2
25 . 8
16 . 0
10.9
Alabama
Arizona
Arkansas
California
Colorado
Connecticut
Delaware
District of Columbia
Florida
Georgia
Ida.ho
Illinois
Indiana
I owa
Kansas
Kentucky
Louisiana
Maine
Maryland
Massachusetts
Michigan
Minnesota
Mississippi
Miss ouri
Montana
Nebre.ska
Nevada
New Hampshire
New Jersey
NewMexioo
New York
North Carolina
North Dakota
Ohio
Oklahoma
Oregon
Pennsylvania.
Rhode Island
South Carolina
South Dakota
Tennessee
Texas
Utah
Vermont
Virginia.
Washington
West Virginia
Wisconsin
Wyoming
n .o
11. 6
12 . 1
16 . 3
11. 6
25.4
10 .4
18 . 3
23 . l
20. 2
0.2
13 . 4
13 . 4
38.4
14 . 3
10~6
22 .0
17 . 0
14. 8
11. 1
16 . 4
9. 5
16 . 3
30.6
12.0
20 . 0
23 . 5
13 . 6
15 . 1
14 . 2
15 . 1
17 . 2
15. 7
13 . 2
6.1
19.8
11 . 9
0. 1
6.6
15 . 4
37 , 5
3. 2
9. 3
6.4
13 . 6
18. 8
2. 1
4.6
12 . 7
16 . 2
11 . 0
7.6
4.7
12 . 5
17 . 3
12 . 1
5.6
28 .0
J.6 . 5
21 . 3
7,6
23 . 6
0. 1
10. 5
40.4
12 . 7
9.6
22 . 1
4. 9
11. 1
10. 3
29 . 8
12 . 9
6. 6
• Fewer than 50 youth on relief
•
33 . 9
36 . 2
34 . 2
47 . 7
15 .0
7.6
•
15 . 5
37 . 3
21 . 2
28 . 6
4. 1
47 . 8
9.6
36 . 8
7. 5
•
37 . 2
10.5
27 . 2
9. 9
18 , 6
47 . 4
21 . 2
•
38. 6
35 . 8
13 . 8
•
10.9
21 . 7
12 . 7
16 .0
4.7
18. 0
42 . 1
6 .0
11.4
45 , 8
14. 2
15 . 5
20 .0
11. 0
13 . 9
16 . 7
27 . 3
18 . 0
11. 2
17.0
12 . 4
13 .0
21 . 6
8 .6
5. 2
8. 4
14 .6
9.4
21 . 9
11. 4
11.1
9. 1
17 . 7
21 . 6
6. 5
9. 3
9. 1
14 . 3
12 . 4
21 . 9
5.4
14 . 8
16 . 8
12 . 8
6 .0
8.8
11. 9
21. 6
12 . 5
6.5
24 . 9
15 . 3
18 . 4
8. 3
17 . 5
8,2
11. 0
36 . 2
11. 9
13 . 8
21 . 3
6. 7
11. 9
11. 3
25 .0
14 . 4
8. 7
9 .0
22 . 5
12 . 7
12 .0
9. 3
17 . 7
21 . 1
6 .0
10.0
9.0
16 . 2
13 . 8
22.4
5. 1
15 . 2
17 .0
13 . 8
8.7
10.2
13 . 5
20.9
14. 1
6.5
25 . 2
17 . 1
18.0
9. 2
18. 9
10.1
11 . 7
35 . 7
12. 1
13 . 2
22 . 5
7. 7
11. 0
11. 9
25 . 3
14 , 5
s.o
Digitized by
Original from
NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY
NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY
7857
-9-
Table V.
Eligible Workers, 16 to 64 Years of ,Age, on Relief in
the United States, March 1935, Classified by Age and
Sex
Sex
Total
Age Group
Male
Percent
ND.IIlber
Female
Number
Percent
Number
Percent
f; ,112,529
100.0
4,426,816
100.0
1,685,713
100.0
16-24 years
1,738,937
28.4
1,074,127
24.3
664,810
39.4
25-34 year s
1,385,393
22.7
1,042,606
23.6
342,787
20. 3
35-44 years
1,329,784
21.8
1,005,291
22.7
324,493
19.3
45-54 years
1,078,406
17.6
837,954
18.9
240 ,452
14.3
55-64 years
580,009
9.5
466,838
10.5
113,171
F,.
Total
.c....~ ·
~~
~
Digitized by
Original from
NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY
NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY
7
7857
Urb an Relief Youth
,I
General characteristics of urban youth - Nearly one-tenth of
urban relief youth a re heads of families, one-sixth a re attending school
full time, two-thirds a re working or seeking work (Table VI), fourfifths are whit~ and half are females (Table VII).
Employment sta tus, work experience, and socio- economic class of
usual occupa tion of urban youth - While about two- thirds of all urban
r eli ef youth, both whit e and colored, are either working or seeking work
a greater p roport i on of males (79.9 percent) than of females (53 . O pe rcent)
f alls into this catagory (Table VI) .
·
Of those who are at work or are seeking work, over thr ee- quarters
have worked before, 39.3 percent at unskilled occupat ions. A l a rger proportion of males (80.2 percent) than of fema l e~ (71 . 6 pe rc ent) have p revious
work experience . Of those who have worked, a slightly l a r ger proportion of
the females (40. 9 pe rcent) than of the males (38 . 4 pe rcent) have been
engaged in unskilled oc cupations .
In general, the colored youth (84 . 4 percent) more oft en than the
white ycuth (74.9 percent) have worked before, but their jobs f all pr edominantly in the unskilled cl a ss (colored, 68 . 0 percent; white, 32 . 0 percent) .
Urb an r eli ef youth not working and not seeking wo r k, c l assif ied
by s ch ool a tte ndanc e , age , r ace , an d sex - Of the 584 ,100 urb an youth on
gener al reli ef (Tabl e VI I ) who ar e not wo r king or seeking work, on e half
(49 . 7 pe r cent) ar e a ttendi ng school full t i me ; the other half a r e neithe r
working, seeking wor k nor attending full-time s chool. Most of the male
non-worke rs (8 9. 7 percent) a re attending Gchool. Only one-thi r d of
the female non- wo r ker s are attending school; the rest (Table VIII) ~re
mostly in the upper age group (18-24), at home, oft en with care of
dependent children.
There are, however, 4Q,7O0 youth neither working nor seeking
work who ar e physica lly hendicapp od. ~even-tenths (68 . 6 percent) nf
them a re f emales .
Family st atus and marital status of urban r eli ef youth - Of the
1,726,8(~ urban youth on r elief one-qu art er (27.3 pe r cent) are married
(Table IX). About one-third (31 . 4 p erc ent) of those a r e heads of
families. A v ery small proporti on of unmarri ed y outh is r ecorded ~s
heads of famil i8 s • .Almost all of the married male youth are family
heads . Thi:c. me- ans that married male y out~ 2.ssu:ne full family r esponsibilities; the higher p roportion of married f a.1c.l e s who are not f amily
heads mer ely r --:flects the f act that they are living wi th thei r husbands.
Mar rl: od urc an youth he ads of f ami l ies with cleuendent children Table X pres 8.£1 ts fur+,h er i'1f ormation r el a ting t o t h e fami ly composition
of married urb an youth on r eli ef. One-fourth of the families with mal e
youth as heads a re Negro, but half of the families with female heads
are Negro.
Digitized by
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7857
-11-
Emnloyabi li ty of urban relief youth heads of f ami lies - Of
152,800 urb an youth family heads, 97 pe r cent are married. Of
these, 84 pe rcent are estimated to be empl oyable (Table XI) . Because
of difficulties inherent in the definition of the term "unemployable"
female beads have not been tabulated separately as II employable" or
11 unemploy able 11 •
It is probably true, however, that a large majority
of the female family heads are unable to work , since many of them a re
responsible for the care of dependent children, while others have
physical disabilities or family responsibilities.
Educational status of urban relief youth - Of all urban relief
youth 45 . 2 percent have gone beyond grade school (Table X:V) . In terms
of this stand~rd of attainment white (48 . 6 percent) a re be tte r educ a ted
than colored (30.2 pe rcent) youth , i:md females (48. 7 pe rcent) than males
( 41. 6 percent) •
Digitized by
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7857
-12-
Table
v: l/
Estimated Urban Relief Youth, 16-24 Years of Age,
Classified According to .IDnployment Status,
Work Experience, 0ccup 4tional Group, Sex and Race,
May 1935
Total
Male
Female
Vlhit e
Negro and
Other
1,726,800
845,100
881,700
1,413, 7CO
313,100
584,100
169,900
414,2CG
480,700
103,400
1,142,700
675 ,200
46-7, 500
933, 000
209 ,700
2n6,700
a . Never worked
876, 000
b . With usual occupation
(1) Professional, Proprietary, and
Clerical and Kindred Workers 197,800
( 2) Skilled Workers
54,900
h 1 3) Farm Operators
1, 200
277 ,700
~ 4) Semi-skilled Workers
( 5) Unskilled Workers
344,400
133,700
541, soc
133, 000
334,500
234, 000
699 ,000
32 , 700
177 , 000
112,300
53, 600
1,200
166 ,700
207 ,700
85,500
1,300
184,500
50 , 500
1,100
238 , 900
224 , COO
13,300
4,400
100
38,800
120 ,400
:Employment Status and
Work Experience
Total
1.
2.
Not working and
not seeking work
Working or seeking work
*
111, 000
136 ,700
1} The figures in this and most of the followin g tables are estima ted from sample
studies; therefore the numbers of less than 10 ,CCO , since they constitute only
a fraction of one pe rcent of the total, are subject to large mar gins of error .
Fewer than 50 persons.
Digitized by
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7857
- 13 -
Table VII - Estimated Urban Reli ef Youth, 16-24, not Working and not Seeking
Wo r k, Classified b:r School Attend3Jlce , Age , Race , and Sex , 1-fay 1935
.f:.,Race
T O TA L
Age
16- 24
16- 17
Not Attending School
Age
16- 24
16-17
18- 24
18- 24
Att ending Schoo l
Age
16- 24
16-1 7 18- 24
TOTAL
Total 584 ,J.QO 258,100 326 , 000
White 480; 700 213 , 600 267,100
Negro 82 , 400 36 , 200 46 , 200
Ot he r 21 , 000
8 ,300 1 2 , 700
290 , 400 230 , 700 59,700
239,200 191 , 600 47 , 600
42 , 700 32 , 400 10 , 300
8 , 500
c , 7oo 1, 800
293 , 700
241 , 500
39 ,700
12 , 500
27 , 400
22 , 000
3 , 800
1 , 600
266 , 300
219 , 500
35 , 900
10 , 900
MALE
Total 169 , 900 123 , 500
Whit e 141,800 103 , 800
Negro 22 ,900 15 , 989
Othe r
5 , 200
3 , 800
152 , 400 119 , 200 33 , 200
127 , 700 100 , 300 27 , 400
19 , 900 15, 300 4 , 600
.4 , 800
3 , 600 1, 200
17 , 500
14 ,100
3 , 000
400
4 , 300
3 , 500
600
200
13 , 200
10 , 600
2 , 400
200
and
Sex
46 , 400
38 , 000
7 , 000
1,400
Digitized by
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-14-
7857
Table VIII
Estimated. rrban Relief Youth, 16-24, Not 'Working a;nd. Not Se eking 'Jork,
Physically Disabled or Responsible Fo:r Care of De"!Jenclents
Cl.ass.i _fied By Ag·~ , ~aGe, and Sex, Ma.y 1935
Race and Sex
I
'
Housewives and Persons Responsible for Care of De-oendents
A e
1 6.-24
18-24
16-17
Are
..vi.10
Physically Disabled
16-24
A e
16-17
18-24
Total
Total
White
Negro
Other
241,800
201,100
30 , 000
10 ,700
16,000
12,700
2,400
900
225,800
188,400
27,600
9,800
40 ,700
31,700
7,900
1,100
7,600
6,200
1,100
300
33,100
25,5CO
6 ,800
800
Male
Total
White
Negro
Other
300
300
*
100
100
200
200
*
*
12,800
10 ,200
2,300
300
2,600
2,100
400
100
10 ,200
8,100
1,900
200
. Total
White
Negro
Other
241 ,500
200 , 800
30 , 000
10,700
27,900
21,500
5,600
800
5,000
4,100
700
200
22,900
17,400
4,900
600
Female
"'
15,900
12, nOO
2 , 400
900
*
· 225 , f.00
188 ,200
27,600
9 , 800
Fewer than 50 persons.
Digitized by
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NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY
NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY
Status , Marital Status , Sex
Table IX - E-stimate d Urb an Relief Youth, 16- 24, Classifi ed by Family
and Race , May 1935
z
0
~
I
~
mo
l/) - ·
-! lC
ma-:
N
::0
z~
C
rr
z--<
<
m
Total
Mari t al
Male
Total
Status
T0T.A.L
1, 726, 800 845 , 100
Total
Married]/ 471 1 600 135, 800
Unmarrie d 1, 255, 200 709, 300
Other Members of Families
Female
Male
Total
Femal e
Heads of Families
Femal e
Ma l e
Tot a l
881, 700
335, 800
545, 900
152 , 800
148, 200
4 , 600
130, 600
127, 600
3 , 000
22~200
20, 600
1, 600
1, 547, 500
322 , 500
1, 225 1 000
697,700
7-::z., U O
111/:00
l.;8 , 400
3 .1> 100
100,300
98, 3(.:J
2, 000
:..1, 200
1 , 282, 400
250, 300
1, 032 , 100
Unattach ed
Total Mal e Female
689, 700
849~800
314, 500
535 , 300
26, 500
900
25 , 600
16, 800
200
16, 600
9, 700
700
9, 000
598, 300
5, 900
592 , 400
684 ~100
244 , 400
439, 700
19, 800
400
19, 400
13 , ooo
6, 800
300
6, 500
s, ooo
::0
l/)
~
WHITE
1 1 4l.3 , 700
Total
359 1 100
Marrieal /
Unmarri ed l , 05~ 1 600
711 1 d~ :J
104 1 3U0
607, 300
254 1 1:l00
447, 300
L , lco
1, 100
100
12, 900
I
I-'
U1
I
NEGr~o
z
Total
Married!/
Unmarri ed
268, 700
98, 800
169, 900
111~900
27 , 600
84 , 300
156, 800
n ., 2co
0'l'HER
I'otal
Married.~/
Unmarried
44 , 400
13,700
30, 700
21~6(,0
3, 900
17, 700
22 1 8-JG
9, 800
85 1 60G
36 ~300
35 , 100
1, 200
26, 200
25 , 400
s, o;:,o
4 ~100
3, 900
200
sco
9 1 71..; C
400
226 , 400
63 , 200
163 , 200
82, 500
2, 100
80, 400
143 ~9()0
61, 100
82 , 800
6, 000
500
5, 500
3, 200
100
3, 100
2, soo
40C
2, 4C0
900
800
100
38, 700
9, 000
29, 700
16 , 900
21, 800
9, 000
12, 800
700
600
100
700
600
100
10, 100
0
~
I
~
mo
l/) .,
--1'°·
m ::::;·
::0 OJ
z-
co-
n .,ooo
4 , 700
300
16 , 900
z3
<
m
::0
l/)
]:/
ll'.a.rried, Wi~ed or Divor c ed
~
-..J
CD
U1
-..J
7857
- 16 -
Table X
Estimated Urban Marri ed Youth Heads of Families 16 - 24 Years
of .Age, With or Without Children, Classified by Race and
Sex - May 1935,
Race and Sex
Total
With Childr en
Without Chi l dr en
Total Youth Heads
148 , 200
105,900
42 , 300
White
Negro
Others
108 , 400
35,100
4 , 700
75 ,100
27 , 200
3,600
33 ,3()0
7,900
1,100
127,600
85 , 300
42 , 300
98 , 300
25 , 400
3 , 900
65 ,000
17,500
2 ,800
33 , 300
7 ,900
1,100
20 , 600
20 , 600
10,100
9,700
800
10 ,100
9 , 700
800
Male Heads
Whit e
Negro
Others
Female Heads
White
Negro
Otners
Digitized by
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NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY
7857
-17-
Table XI
E3tiffiated Number of Family Head~,
lE- 24 Year s of Age , on Ur ban Reliof,
by Race, Sex, and Employability, May, 1935
===========:::::-::::::=:::=:==========-======:===============::::::·-::::-:::::::-Sex and Employability
=============--
Total
White
Ne gr 0
Othe r
Total
Male
Emplnyable
TJnempl0yable
J'i'cimale
152,800
130,'300
127 , 800
2,800
22 , 200
111, 500
100 , 300
98,100
2 , 200
11, 200
~6 , 300
f: 6 , 200
c'!5 , 60()
600
10,000
5, 000
4 ,100
4,100
Married
Ma.le
Rmployah.le
·1:r..empl..,yable
Female
148,200
1 27,600
1 24 , 800
2 , 800
20, 500
108 ,400
88,300
96 , 100
2 , 200
10 ,100
35,100
25 , 400
24,800
600
0 , 700
4,700
3,900
3,900
Not ma rr ie 11.
Male
Empl oyable
Unempll'lyable
Female
4 , 600
3 , 000
3 , 000
*
1,500
3 , 100
2 ,000
2 ,000
1, 200
800
800
*
400
300
200
200
- - - - - -- - - -· - -------·--·
--- -- - --------
"'
*
1,100
--
- -- --
--
-·-- --- -
~·
('J00
""~00
.t
100
-- -- - ------------- -
Fewer tban 50 pe r sons .
Digitized by
Original from
NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY
NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY
Table XII - Estimated Last Grade Completed of Urban Relief Youth, 16-24 1 Classified by Age
Sex, and Race , May 1935
z
0
2:l
I
~
mo
l/) - ·
-i<C
ma-:
N
16- 24
845, 100
MALE
A e
16- 17
242, 700
18-24
602, 400
FEMALE
Age
16-17
16-24
241 , 400
881,700
8,900
657 , 400
541, 700
34, 700
6,200
487 , 500
337 , 900
13 , 500
1 , 500
146, 200
94 , 500
400
4 ,600
341, 200
243 , 400
13 , 100
5, 600
446 , 300
407, 800
22,000
1,300
130, 200
109,500
400
4 , 300
315,100
298,300
21,600
407,800
1, 600
221, 300
184, 30')
600
1,005, 900
3 ,000
500, 700
470, 400
31 , 200
711 , 600
3, 200
393 , noo
302 , 900
12, s oo
206,700
1, 000
119, 100
86 , 200
400
504,900
2, 200
273 , 900
216 , 700
12, 100
702 , 100
2,000
329,000
351, 800
19,300
201, 100
500
102, 200
98,100
200
501,000
1,400
226,800
253,700
19,100
268,700
5, 300
178, 700
81,200
3 , ~oo
65,900
1 ,000
46, 500
18, 200
200
202 ,800
4 , 300
132, 200
63,000
3, 300
111,900
2, 500
78 , 600
29, 900
900
30, 800
500
22 , 800
7, 500
81, 100
2,000
55 , 800
22 , 400
900
156,!!00
2, bOO
100, 100
51 , 300
2,600
. 35,lQO
501.:
23 , 700
10,700
200
121,700
2, 300
76,400
44, 400
1, 300
33 , 100
9, 800
200
10, 400
300
8, 600
1,500
34, 000
1,000
24, 500
8, 300
200
21 1 6:JO
500
15,900
s , 100
100
s , 200
100
4 1 3::;o
800
16, 400
400
11 ~600
4 , 300
100
22 , 800
800
17, 200
4 ,700
100
s , 200
200
4, 300
700
17, 600
600
12 , 900
4 ,000
100
La st
Gra de
16-24
ComEleted
TOTAL
1, 726 , 800
TOTAL
Age
16- 17
484, 100
18- 24
1, 242 , 700
0
1- 8
9-12
13+
11, aoo
933 , BOO
745 , 700
35, 500
2, 900
276 , 400
204 ,000
800
0
1- 8
9-12
13-¾-
1, 413 , 700
5, 200
722 ,000
654,700
31, 800
0
1-8
9- 12
13+
0
1-8
9-12
13+
:::0
z~
err
z-<
<
m
:::0
l/)
~
WHITE
HEGJi.0
z
OTHER
0
2:l
I
~
mo
l/) .,
-i <C.
18- 24
640,300
40, !) 00
~
CD
I
2, 400
m :::;·
:::0
a,
z--,,
c3
z3
<
m
:::0
l/)
Note:
The figures in this table are estimated from sample studies, therefore, the numbers of less than
10,000 1 sinc e they constitute only a f r action of one percent of the t ot al , are subject to large
margins r f error . The same observa tion is true in v arying degrees of the detailed breakdowns in
other t1ri> le s •
~
--.J
CD
U1
--.J
7857
-19Rural Relief Youtbl/
Distribution and GenPral Characteristics. Rural y outh on general
relief are chiefly residents of the open country (72 ~ercent). The
youth problem is not limited to boys and young men; in fact , females
constitute a slightly l a rger proportion of rural r elief youth them males ;
in villages, 53 percent, and in the open country~/ 51 percent. Nearly
one-t enth of the total rural relief youth are hee.ds of households ; fewer
of the open country (9 percent) than of the vill~ge (11 percent) youth
have such res ponsibilities (Table XIII). About one fifth (21 percent)
of the total youth are attending full-time school - 52 percent of those
aged 16-17 years, and 9 .4 percent of those aged 18-24 years (Table XIV).
Employment status and work experience of rural youth - Of the
total rural y outh on relief, 627 , 000 (55 pe r cent) are worki ng or s eeking
work. Over two thi r ds (69 percent) of the total workers are males. In
the open count ry, 57 percent of the total youth are workers, while 48
percent of the youth r esident in villages are wo r kers (Table XIII) •
.Among the 627,000 youth who are wo r kers, 20 percent - 13 percent
of the males and 36 percent of the females - have never had a s many as
four consecutive weeks' employment at any occupation (Table XV).
Unskilled labor p redominat es in the occupational experience of
those youth who. have had work experience: u.n skilled agricultural labor
(~redominantly on the home farm), 65 percent; unskilled non- agricultural
labor, 16 percent . Eleven pe rcent of the total males with work expe rience have been farm operators . Domestic and pers onal s ervice account
for the experience of 18 percent of the females who have worked (Table XV).
Current Employment of rural relief youth - Of the 627 , 000 rural
relief youth working or s eeking work , 7 pe rc ent are currently engaged in
farm operation, 38 per~ent at unskilled agricultural labor , mainly on the
home farm , 4 percent at unskilled l abo r, 2 pe rc en t at othe r non- agricultural occupations, and the curr ent occupations of one pe rcent are unknown .
The remaining 48 percent (303 ,000 ) of the worker s a r e not at pre s ent
working (Table JarI ). Over two fifth s of this unemployed wo rker group
have had no work experience of any type (Tables XV and XVI).
1/
For additional data on riral youth receiving r elief , s ee F. E. R. A. Research Bulletin, H-5 11 Rural Youth on Relief , February 1935 11 •
~/
Villages are centers with 50 to 2 , 500 inhabitants; centers with less
than 50 inhabitants are counted with the open count ry.
Digitized by
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NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY
NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY
7857
-20-
Table XIII - Estimated Number of Ru r al Youth, 16- 24 Years of Age ,
Receiving Relief in May 1935 , Classified by Sex , Res idence,
Family Membership St atus , and Work Status
Residence and
Sex
Total Rural
Total
Male
Female
Tot al P ersonE
16- 24
Family MemberWo rk Status
shi -p Status
Not Wo r k i ng
Other Mem- Work ing or
Head ber s of
Seeking Work and Not Seek
in.e- Work
Famil iAs
1,150 , 000
556, 000
594 ,000
113, 000
104 ,000
9, 000
1, 037, 000
452, 000
585, 000
627 , 000
435, 000
192 , 000
523, 000
121, 000
402 , 000
Open Country
Total
Male
Female
827, 000
404 , 000
423, 000
77, 000
72 ,GOO
5 , 000
750 , 000
332, 000
418, 000
471 , 000
330 ,000
141, 000
356 , 000
74, 000
282 , 000
Villages
Total
Male
Female
323 , 000
152, 000
171, 000
36 , 000
32, 000
287 ,ooo
120 , 000
167 , 000
156 , 000
105, 000
51, 000
167, 000
47, 000
120 , 000
4, ooo
I
Digitized by
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NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY
NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY
7857
- 21 -
Table XIV.
Es timated Numb er of Rur a l Youth, 16 to 24 Years of Age ,
Receivi ng Reli ef in May 1 935 , Class ified by Age , and
School Attendance
Age
Gr oups
Total
Total 16- 24
16-17
18- 20
21- 24
1,150 ,000
326 , 500
391 ,000
432 , 500
I
I
Schoo l Attendance
Attendi ng Scho ol No t attending School
903,000
156,500
322 ,000
424 ,500
247,000
1 70 ,000
69 ,000
8 ,000
-
Digitized by
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NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY
NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY
7857
-22-
Tabl e XV. Estimated Numbe r of Rural Youth, 16 to 24 Years of Age ,
Recei ving Reli ef in May 1935. Classifi ed by Employment
Status and Work Experience, by Sex
Employment Status and
Work E,rnciri er..c'3
S'3X
Total
Femal e
Male
1,150 ,000
556, 000
594, 000
Not wo rking and not s eeking work
523, 000
121, 000
402,000
Wor king or s eeking work
Neve r worked
With a u sual occupation
627, 000
125 ,000
502 ,000
435 , 000
55, 000
380 , 000
192 , 000
70 , 000
122, 000
.Agricultural Wor ke rs
Farm Operators
Farm Labo r ers
371, 000
44,000
327, 000
294 ,000
43 ,000
251 ,000
77, 000
1, 000
76,000
Non-Agricultur.:J
Whi te Collara
Skill ed
Semi -skilled
Un skilled
Servants
Other s
81 ,000
118, 000
6, 000
12, 000
5, 000
5, 000 I
20 , 000 I 12, 000
58, 000
81 , 000
2 , 000
24 , 000
56 , 000
57 , 000
37, 000
6, 000
Total
Occupation Unknown
*
8, 000
23 ,000
22 , 000
1, 000
I
I
13 , 0CO I
I
5, ooo
I
8, 000
'
~/lncludes profe ssi onal , pr o~rietary, and cl eri cal and kin~red
worker s.
*F~wer than 500 persons .
Digitized by
Original from
NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY
NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY
7857
-23-
Table XVI - EstL~ated Number of Rural Youth, 16 to 24 Years of .Age,
Receiving Relief in May 1935, Classified
by Current ID:nployment Status
Current :Einployment
Status
Total
1,150,000
Total
Not working and not seeking work
523,000
Seeking work but not working
303,000
Working
324,000
Agricultural Workers
Farm Operators
Farm Laborers
Non-Agricultural Workers
Unskilled
All Others§:./
~
s./
Occupation Unknown
281,000
41, 000
240 , 000
36 ,ooo
25 , 000
11,000
7,000
Include p ro fessional, proprietary , clerical and kindred workers ,
skilled and semi-skilled workers .
Digitized by
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NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY
NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY
7857
-24Tr ansient Youth Under Car e
Distribution of t r ~nsient y out_h - Out of about a quart er- milli on
(273 , 820 ) transients unde r care , approximately one-fifth (19 . 9 percent )
are youth (Table XVII) . Since this is highe r than the proporti on of
youth in the population as a whole (1 6 . 4 pe r cent) or in the population
on r elief (15. 9 percent) , the transient groups may be said to i nclude a
particular concentrati on of y outh.
Of the 54 , 480 transient y outh under care (both unattached an d
family groups ) almost nine-t enths (88.7 pe r cent) a r e white , and threeq11ar te r s ( 73 . 3 percent) a r e males .
Family status and mari tal status of transient y outh - Almost all
(94 . 4 percent) unattached transient. youth a r e single . (Table XVIII). Mo r eover , of the y outh who are heads of transient fami ly groups , p r actically
all of the males are married and living with thei r wives . Since the
absence of a male head is implied in the classificati on of fani ly groups
with fema:J_e heads , it is not surprising that three-fou r ths (74 pe r cent)
of these femal e heads are eithe r s ingl e , divorced , widowed or pe r manently
separated.
One of the numerical l y small but par ticularl;.r seri ous problems of
r elie f youth shows up in the female transient youth population . Of the
unattached , as man:r as 15 .. 0 percel1t are married, while 20 . 3 p8rcent a r e
widowed , divorc0d , or sepAr~teJ . And of the female family heads only
26 . 0 pe r cent are married and living with their husbands ; 20 . 8 pe rc ent are
sing1e; and the remainder , 53 . 2 percent , are widowed , divorced or separ ated.
Occupational status of transient youth - Only three- fifths ( 61~ 3
percent) of transient yo,1th both ~mattac:hed a:"ld heads of famili es are
r eported as having a usual occ-,1pat io.1 ; and three- quar te r s of t hese ( 76 . 7
:percent ) are semi-skilled or W1skilled (Tabl e XIX).
The duration of trarisi8_!SY_Qf trc.nsient youth - A maj ority of the
youth r egistering at transient agencies have been on the roa.d l ess than
six months , and less than a fift h of ttem over fourteen months . Individuals in fa~ily grou~s have been tra<lsients for ab out the same length
of time as have the unattached (Taole XX) .
The educat~ ona,l sta.tus of tran~i ent y outh - Only three pe r cent of
unattached t:ransient youth under care have beeu educated beyond the high
school level , but one-half (52 ~erce:!1t) have been educated beyond gr ammar
-school ( Table XXI) . In gene r a l, lJegro and othe r unattached trnnsient
youth a r e mo r e poorly educatGd than are the white youth ; only 31 pe r cent
of Negro youth and 25 pe rcent of youth of othe r r n.ces hnve go:!1e beyond the
e ighth grade .
Digitized by
Original from
NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY
NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY
T:i.lile XVII
7857
Total Transients , All Ages ani Z0tirr:i.tei Nur.ber of Transients Age~ 16- 24 Under Care
May 15, ::_935
Total
1.:ale
Tota::.
'...'r:i.113ie::-,ts
Female
.AE
.lll
White
Neg::-o
Other
..lll
White
1,egro
Other
5/,- 1 4EO
11-8, 230
4,900
1 , 250
39 1 9~-0
35, 280
3 , 770
.llahama
1 , 030
.!.rizona
1 , 191)
1 1 430
.!rkansas
California
7 1 400
Colo'~ado
1 , 8~0
Connecticut
150
1lela. ffil'e
60
District o f Columbia.
790
Flori(l,a
1,150
1 , 040
Geor.~ ia
Id::i.ho
560
Illinois
1, 320
Indiana
720
Iow'2.
710
Kansas
1, 43 0
KPntucky
450
Louisiana
1,640
Maine
90
Marylanrl.
790
MassRohusett-.
180
Michigan
980
Minnf'1iot&
1,270
Mi~sisl'lippi
260
W..issouri
2, 470
Montana
560
Nebr&.ska
760
Nc:o v a da
220
New Hrunp ~hire
180
N~w Jers:eoy
590
N?.w Mexico
1,270
New York
3,050
North Carolina
36 0
No:ri:h Iakota
280
Ohi o
4,040
.,klahous
1,300
Oregon
1, 220
rPnn:1ylvani a
1 , 340
Rb.ode Islantt
60
South Carolina
450
South Da.kota
110
Tennessee
1,480
Texas
2,950
400
Utah
Yennont
Yir~ini~
I 690
Wa.1hington
2, 000
Wes t Virginia.
430
Wi ;1 oonsin
700
Wyoming
380
Fort Eui, tis (Ya . )
580
940
1 _.oe.0
90
90
70
210
50
10
780
1GO
710
1:;COO
Q(: 0
4 ., '.6 ')
70
80
50
130
30
10
10
130
30
160
United Sta tes
y
3/
1/
jj
1 7:: 50
7 ,() ::;-\)
1 1 bl0
,40
50
620
1,no
830
560
1,010
590
630
1 , 270
410
1,380
80
620
170
870
1 , 140
Z:60
2,200
540
680
220
170
500
1, 1...J.0
2,470
320
270
3 , 210
1,210
1 , 210
1 , 120
60
43 0
no
10
170
40
210
•
290
130
50
140
40
260
•
160
10
100
50
•
250
10
50
•
90
50
270
40
•
820
90
•
210
•
20
.
l,C'~O
4, 7r.O
ls-2 ~0
210
230
140
~o
•
•
10
30
580
~::::o
210
120
380
1,090
2,170
340
210
•
30
20
•
•
10
80
•
•
•
80
310
•
•
500
270
•
•
10
10
3,200
880
760
1,090
40
370
no
•
•
170
160
10
60
1 ~120
2_, 440
330
540
1, 940
330
670
360
420
150
30
100
30
30
•
580
1 , 230
Not in opera ti o:p,.
~{ ·r
The Transient Can: a. t Fort
Percentages are
TJilW6£l"<EB.
Fewer than 5 oer.:on ~ •
•
130
40
490
790
6::::0
180
840
470
470
760
390
1,080
70
450
140
5'10
690
210
1 , 510
490
zo
•
20
1 , 310
2, 730
380
160
l,lvJ
620
8::'0
180
180
1 , 100
570
530
850
430
1,280
80
580
150
610
770
210
1 , 690
•
20
::. 1
•
•
400
500
•
310
580
20
•
i~~i~i-J.d.J3_d.llf~ ITY
is
a,
240
100
40
80
40
200
•
120
10
60
30
•
170
10
40
.
no
320
980
1,760
300
260
2, 540
0::::0
760
910
40
350
100
990
2, 260
320
450
1 , 190
310
480
290
420
:F'ederal rsam,r
60
40
190
40
•
650
60
•
170
•
20
13 0
130
10
130
20
90
20
•
160
.f or
Negro Other
ill
Whi te
890
1~ 1 540
13 ,oso l,B O
•
250
90
420
2,760
6C0
10
10
170
33 0
260
380
;::20
150
180
580
20
360
20
•
130
::.60
•
•
•
20
•
20
10
•
•
50
10
•
20
•
•
•
70
220
•
•
•
•
•
10
•
•
50
•
•
•
•
•
•
210
30
370
500
50
780
60
180
10
60
210
180
880
20
170
30
33 0
450
50
6 90
60
160
10
60
180
160
710
20
40
•
40
20
•
30
0
10
0
10
•
•
2.0
•
•
••
*
10
90
10
80
•
670
390
460
210
20
BO
170
360
3::::0
'1-70
60
40
90
750
20
190
70
•
30
840
420
460
250
20
80
Q. · · f
r1t.gJ!! . i~9_'t1];
male unattMhe
40
lQ
50
•
70
.
•
•
60
200
20
80
70
300
110
770
30
20
•
10
10
510
70
•
•
4%
2, 600
510
10
10
130
320
210
380
170
120
160
510
20
10
20
90
20
50
30
10
60
•
•
23 0
80
360
•
•
JO
•
40
•
•
•
.
30
•
10
20
10
10
10
J~
onhf
10
•
•
NORTHWESTERN UNIVE~ TY
Ages
N\.::n:, c 1'.' of
T::-M_·_. ier. ts
lb-·-~. J.S
1- '.'i all 2
Tr,!.H::-ien ts
273 ,820
19 .,-'J
4,. 000
4 , 740
6JOOO
36, 35G
8,190
l,3YO
470
25 . 6
25 . l
23 e9
20 . 6
23o0
1001).
3}83 0
2006
20.8
23 . 7
11,4
19. 3
1-:- . 1
17 . 7
19. l
23 . 9
22 , 6
5/~90
4, 400
4 , 9::::0
6:830
4, 2,~o
3,9::::0
7,530
1 1 9JO
7, 2':"0
730
4 , 740
1 , 670
6,.660
s . 010
1: 0:=o
14,180
2, 390
3,230
1,0: 0
1 , 480
3 , 570
4, 410
22,1?0
l , CHO
1 , 6'::0
15, }.l Q
5".:::,-1-0
7~020
7, 240
820
1 , 640
550
5,890
10, 610
1, 710
2, 750
12, 800
1, 940
7 , 060
1,::::,0
2, 6ZO
l3 o9
ll . l
16 e7
10 . s
l 4 e8
l.:'.8
26e3
17 . 4
23.3
23 . 8
20 . 8
ll . 6
16 . 6
28 . 9
P .8
:3 !'-. 4
16-,9
26,7
:Mo 3
17 . -l
18~5
7. 5
;::4 . 4
19.,1
25 . 2
27 08
23 . ::i
2~ .o
15 . 6
,,~
1
L-. L- • .
i..
9. 9
30. :'.
22 . 1
7857
- 26-
Table XVIII
Estimated Distributions of Transient s aged 16-241 by Sex, Ha.ri t a.l Sta tus and Family
Status Under Care May 15 1 1935
Total
Marital Status
and Sex
Married
Single
Nmnber
Percent
54, 500
100.0
41 ~200
2, 200
Numb er
Widowed,Divorced
or Separated
Percent
Number Percent
of Total
of 'L'ota.l
Youth
Youth
Percent
of Tot:i.l
Youth
Number
41,700
76 . 5
10, 700
19.6
2, 100
3.9
100.0
100.0
38,900
200
94 . 4
9. 1
1~100
1, 300
2. 7
59.1
1, 200
700
2. 9
31 .B
11, 100
100 .0
2,600
23 . 4
8,300
74 . 8
200
1 .a
40,000
lGO .O
37, 600
93 . 9
1, 700
4.4
700
1. 7
Unattached
Family Heads
Other than
Family Heads
38,300
1, 100
100.0
100 .0
37,000
96 . 5
1 .8
90 . 9
1. 7
•
700
1,000
600
•
•
•
600
100.0
600
100.0
•
•
•
•
Ferr.a.le
14, 500
100.0
4 , 100
28 . 3
9,000
62 .0
1, 400
9. 7
Unattached
Family Heads
Other than
Family Heads
2, 900
1, 100
100 .0
100.0
1, 900
200
64 . 7
20 . s
400
300
15 .0
26 .0
600
600
20.3
53 . 2
10, 500
100 .0
2,000
18 . 9
8, 300
79 . 5
200
1 .6
Total
Unattached
Family Heads
Other than
Family Hea ds
Male
• Fewer than 50 persons .
Digitized by
Original from
NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY
NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY
-27-.
7857
Table XIX - Es timated ~ccupational Distribution of Unattached Transients
and Transient Family Heads aged 16-24 by Sex Under Care
May 15, 1935.
-
-
~
-,:.-9!~~::c
tt;P
~ie-
Male
Number Pere ent
Female
Number
Percent
100 . 0
4, 000
100 . 0
2,700
fi . 8
1,300
31.3
29.5
12,100
30. 7
700
18.5
26,600
f;l.3
?.4 , 600
62 .5
2. oor
50.2
a . Professional,
proprietorial ,
clerical, and
kindred workers
4,200
9 .7
3,70G
9.5
500
13.3
b. Skilled workers
2, 000
4. f;
2 , COO
5.2
*
*
c. Semi-skilled
ti
7, 600
17.5
7,100
17.9
500
11.6
d. Unskilled
ti
12,800
2_9 . 5
l_l, 800
29 . 9
1, 00_0
24.9
Total
Number
Percent
43,400
100 . 0
39,400
4, 000
9. 2
No usual occupation
12,800
With usual occupation
Work Experience
Total
Never Worked
~
Fewer than 50 persons.
Digitized by
Original from
NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY
NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY
-287857
Tabl e XX
Bstimat c of Duration of Transi ( ncy
At Tim e of Rcgistrc,tion o·f T.ransi cnts Aged 16-24,
By Fa~ily Status, Und er Car0
May 15 , 1935
Duration of
Transiency
(Months)
Total
}fambPr
.Unattached
Percent Number
Individuals in
Family Grou:ns
Percent Numbe r Percent
Total
54,500
100
41,200
100
13,300
100
Under 1
10,400
19
8,700
21
1,700
13
1-5
21,000
39
15, 700
38
5,300
40
6-14
13,800
25
9,800
24
4,000
30
15-26
3,300
6
2,500
6
800
6
27-38
1,600
3
1,200
3
400
3
Over 38
4,400
8
3 , 300
8
1,100
8
Digitized by
Original from
NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY
NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY
7857
- 29 -
Table XXI
Estimated Distribution of Unattached Transi ents aged 1 6 - 24
By Race and Compl e t ed Grade s of Education - Under Care
May 15, 1935 .
Hi 6 he st School
Grade Co mpl eted
All Races
White
Number Percent
Negro
Numbe r Per cent
Ot he r
};umber Pe r cent
Number
Pe rc ent
41 , 200
100
37 , 600
100
3 , 200
100
400
100
600
1
400
1
200
6
*
*
1 9 , 200
47
16,900
45
2 , 000
63
300
75
20 , 300
49
19, 200
51
1, 000
31
100
25
Beyond High School 1,100
(Above Grade 1 2)
3
1,100
3
*
*
Total
No Formal
Education
No t Beyond
Gr ammar School
( Grade s 1-8 )
. Beyond Grammar
but not Beyond
High School
( Gr ade s 9-12)
* Fewer than 50 persons .
Digitized by
Original from
NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY
NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY
7857
- 30 -
Youth in Civilian Conservation Corps Camps
In M.::i,y 1935 the r e we r e roughly one-quarter million (270 ,500 )
mal e you th . in CCC 'tamr,s , almost all (9 2 .7 uercent) of whom we r e white
( Table XXII) .
Digitized by
Original from
NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY
NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY
Estimated Numbe r of Male Youth aged 18 - 24 in C. C.C. Camps
by State in which Enrolled
May 31 , 1935 .
Area
United States
Al abama
.Ari zona
Arkansas
California
Colorado
Connecticut
Delaware
Dist ri ct of Columbia
Florida
Georgia
Idaho
Jllinois
Indiana
I owa
Kansas
Kentucky
Louisiana
Maine
Maryland
Massachusetts
Michigan
Minne_sota
Mississippi
Missouri
Montana
Neb r aska
tNevada
New Hampshi r e
New J er sey
New Mexico
New York
Nort h Carolina
North Dakota
Ohi o
Oklahoma
Oregon
Pennsylvania
Rhode Island
South Caroli na
South Dakota
Tennessee
Texas
Utah
Indian 1/
White
Negro
270 ,500
251, 000
16 ,100
4 , 900
3 , 000
3 , 600
18,400
3,900
2 , 800
400
1, 000
2 , 700
5,300
2 , 400
19,200
6 , 600
6 ,500
3 , 800
4 , 800
3 , 600
1,400
3 , 000
7 , 600
8 , 900
10,300
3 , 600
7,400
2 ,9 00
4 , 000
400
900
8 ,100
2 , 300
19, 800
5 , 400
2 , 200
11, 200
5,000
4 , 000
15,500
1,300
3 , 200
4 , 600
4 , 400
12 , 900
4 , 300
2 , 300
3 , 400
17,200
3 , 900
2 ,700
400
200
2,400
4 , 800
2 , 400
1 8 , 000
5,800
6 , 400
3 , 500
4 , 600
3 , 400
1, 400
2 , 100
7 , 500
8 , 300
10 , 000
3 , 300
7 ,100
2 , 400
3 , 900
400
900
7 , 200
2 , 200
18 , 700
5 , 000
2 ,100
9 , 900
4 , 700
3 , 800
14 , 000
1,300
3 , 000
4 , 400
4 , 200
12 , 300
600
2 , 800
2 , 700
900
4,800
6 , 200
3 , 000
8 , 700
900
1,200
3 , 600
400
5 , 800
*
100
2 ,900
300
8 , 400
* from
Original
900 NORTHWESTE N UNIVERSITY *
All
Ve r mont
Vi r ginia
Washingt on
West Virginia
Wisconsin
Digitized by
Wyoming
NORTHWESTERN UNIVERsrf¥)
3 , 400
*
600
*
*
300
200
100
*
*
800
300
500
*
*
1,200
800
100
300
200
200
*
*
900
100
600
*
300
*
500
*
*
300
300
100
*
*
900
*
1,100
400
1,300
100
*
100
*
*
100
200
200
1 , 500
*
200
*
200
ECO
*
200
-
100
Digitized by
Original from
NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY
NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY
@FedFRASER