Full text of Report on Progress of the WPA Program : Report on Progress of the WPA Program, June 30, 1941 : Report on Progress of the WPA Program, June 30, 1941

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t\ln•

l'l L.U-

Works Projects

dministratic

REPORT ON

PROGRESS OF

THE WPA PROGRA

tEDERAL WORKS AGENCY
WORK PROJECTS ADMINISTRATION

FEDERAL WORKS AGENCY
JOHN M . CARMODY , Administrator

REPORT ON

PROGRESS OF

THE WP A PROGRAM

JUNE 30, 1941

WORK PROJECTS ADMINISTRATION
HOW ARD 0 . HUNTER , Commissioner
CORRINGTON GILL , Assistant Commissioner
MALCOL M B. CATLIN, Director, Division of Statistics

PREFACE
Tht' iYo rk Proj<'<'l:-, _\ dmini,,tration . :1 u11il of th e F('d<'rnl \Y orks
Agl'n cy s incl' July I , I ~l::rn. 11·:1 :-, (•:-, tabli s h l'd in 19:35 1vilh t h <· prim:1ry
objective of proYiding 1rnrk for t h l' u1wmp loyl'd on usdul publi ('
pro j ec t . It aeli 1·iti es in fulfilling t hi s purpose during t l1 e fi sca l _Yl': ll"
ending Jun e :30, 1941 :tl'l' re1· it •1n•d in thi s report.
Th e r ep ort co11t:1ins SJ)l'l'i1li :-,l'ct ion s on t lw par tici p:ll ion o f l it <' \\'PA
in t h e nation:11 ddt•JlSl' progrnm :rnd on the vocationa l lrniniag :1ct ivi ti c that arc cnffil'd on by t ill' \YPA . It a lso co nlnins 11 hi s torical
st ntcm cnt on leg- islnlin' prOl·i. io ns for th l' program. Thi s slalenwnl
revi ew s pro1· i, ion s for l h l' l' Ul'l'l'lll (1942 ) fi cal _yea r nnd comp, res
t h em with proYi s ions for c:1rli e r ,ve:H . Th e r emaind e r of th e rl'porl is
devot ed to four . ('elion tlrnl brin g up to clnt e prev ious st :ilt'm ent s
concern in g emp loynwnl , t'XJWnditurt'S, accomp li s hm ent s, :ind tl1t •
r clnti on h ip of th e \\" PA progrn 1n lo o llw r publi c wo rk and 11 ss is l:111t·t·
program .
IIl

TABLE OF CONTENTS

P age

R ev i w of t he 1YP _\ Pr grnm

__________ __ _ _

L C'g islative Pro,·isions for thl' \YPA Progr:1111

1

____ ___ ____ _

9

National Defe nse 1Yo rk

15

V oca ti on al T ra inin,; _

29

Employment and Earning::;

37

Financial

5fi

ummary

_

Proj ect Acti,-it ics

64

Federal W ork Program-, :md P11hl ie _\ ssisl.mn'

,3

Appendix : Tabl es _____ _________ ___ ________________ _

9:3
V

LIST OF TEXT TABLES
Page

l. AvNage ;\'umber of Pc-r,un- l·. 111plo, Pcl t111 \\ P .\ D<>fens(' Pruj1·,·1 , :-;ubjPC'l to Lcgisl::uin·
E, c mpti o ns and 011 O1lw1 l'rn.1,·<·t, ll ,·sig11at('(I as of J)C'f,•11s,• l 111purtaneP. :\lo11thl y,
./ 111.v 19-10 ./ unP 19-11
2. !\'umber o f P erson, Ernplo.n•cl u1 1 \\ P _\ Defense Proj(•ct, :-;111Jjpcl lo l,<•gis lati\'f' Exen , ptions and on Other Proj<•t·ts DP, i11,11at1•d a, of ]),:,fens!' lmpo rt ancP , by i\l ajor T ype of
Project an I by Ex<'mptiu11 :-;tatu, ..J 111H• 2.5. l9-I I
3. :-;p!PclNI Jt pm~ of Phys ical _\ ccornp li,hment on DrfC'ns<' C'on,-.truction Proj e ct,-. Ope ratPd
h.,· \\ PA . C 11m1rlati \'C• thrnugh ./11 11<' 30 . 19-1 1
4. Amount o f \\' PA a nd :-;ponsor,· Funds l•: xpP 11d C'cl on DefC'ns(' Prnj ects :-;ubjPcl to
I ,cg iRlati vC' ExP n rp t ions a 11 d on ( lt lwr Prnj <'C't s I ks ignatC'd a, o f I )('[p11.-P I mpurt ancC'
OpNa tcd by \\ P.\ . b_,· :\l ajo r T ., JH' of l'rnject. Year 1...: ndin g ./ 11m• 30 , 19·ll
.5. ;\' umber of \\' PA W o r ke r, Jl pcpi,·i11!!. Training Thrrnr gh the.:\' al ion a l l)l'f(•11 s!' Vocational
Tra inin g Project , by T ., J)C' of CnmsC' ..J \Ill<' 2,'i , 19-1 l
fi .. \ \'C' rage ;\"umber of PNson, Emplo_n·d on \\'P .\ Project ~. by l'rogram, i\lonthl y.
,\ 11 11,ust 193,5- Jun <' 19-11
7. P ncPnta!!,e DiR(ribution uf P1•r,on- E rnpl o.'·<'d on Proj cts OpNall'd by \\ PA . b ., · i::,i ze
of C'o mrnun i( _,·. (Juart<'rh . :\larch 19:3:'< .Jun C' 19-11
:\'11111bC'r of .\ ~,.,ic,;1111l(•llt, 111 and :-;c paration, frorn Emp loym e nt on \r PA Proj ects .
:\ lo nth i.'', Jul _,. 193x .J1111 <' 19-I L
9. ,\ verage N urnbc r of Pe r,on, En,plo _,·cd on \\"PA Proj('cts , by Agency. :-iclccted :\ l o 11th, .
.J un e 1939 J un <' 19,1 I
10 . F'C' rc c n lagc D is t rib11 l io11 of P1•r,-,u11, Employed 011 Prn_jpcls OpN a tc·d by \\' PA . Ii.'
i\ lajor T .1·p<' of Proj (•ct . :-;l'IC'ctl'r! PPnorb , :\larch 193(i .J 1111<· 19-1 1
I I. :'\ umber of P C' rso 11, Emplo_n •d on Projc•ct, Op<-•rat cd by \\' Pi\ , by T_\·pe of Project .
.J une 2.5, l941
12. :-;ehC'dule o f :\l onth ly l•: arnim,_,_ o f \\ P .\ Pro jC'ct \\' age Emp lo _,·ecs, Year 1;: 11ding .Ju1 w
30 . 1941
1:3. l\umher of H ou rs \ \'ork c d 0 11 Proj ect, Op<•rat Pd by \\'P .\ , by :\lajor Type of Proj e ct.
Cumu lat ive through and YPar Ending .J 1111p :30. 19-11
14 . PPr cc ntage Distribution of Pl'r,011, I•: mplu_n ·d on Prujc·cl~ Operated by \\' PA , by \\' age
C lass , :-;cJec lecl P N iod, ..J11m' 19:3fi .J1111 c· 19 -11 _
15. P C' rc e ntag. Dis trib11t io11 of l'Pr,011,-, 1-: mpl o.\'C·d on ProjC'cl s Opcra l cd by \\'PA , by
T _,· pe o f Project a11< I Ii., \\' ag<' ('la,,., , .J1111<· 2.- . 19-11
111. Xu mbe r o f \V o rnc· 11 E 111pln ., ed m, ProjPcl s Op,·ratc•d by \\' PA , Quarlrrl _v , December
1935- J unc 19-l l
17 :\'u mbe r o f Cc rtifi c·d \\' orkPr, Emplu _,,·r! 011 \\"P .\ Project s . by .\ 11,I' (!ro11p and by :-icx .
.\pril :30 , 19.Jl
I '. PPrccntage D iRt ribu tio11 nf \\ P .\ \\ 1Jrk<' r- , by .\ gp Croup and 1, .v :-,ex . :\'o,·embe r 1937 .
F Pb ruar_,· 1939. a 11<1 .\ pril 19-11
19. PPrcentage Distri h ut ion 1Jf t lw Labllr Fure in l he CnitC'd :-;tat es. by .\ gp (; roup .
i\ Iarch 2-1 30 . 19-10
20 . .\ mou nt of Fun cl:- ,\ ,·ai lable t o \\ P .\ Du rill!!. t hr \ ca r Endin g .J 1111<• : 0 . I !l-1 l. by :-;umc, ·
2 1 .\ m ount of \YPA Fund, _\ll ocatf'cl to Otlwr Fl'd<'ral .\ 11,cncirs fur \\'P.\ Projects und e r
the E R A .\ ct , Fis cal Year 19.J I. b _,- .\ gp11c_,·. through .lutH' :30 , 19-l I
22 . . \ m ount of \\' P .-\ Fund, Exppnded for Prn,,_rams OpPr:-tlPd by \\"!' .\ and by OthPr
F ed e ral ,\.ge nc ics. b ., Fi ,-, cal "\ Par . t h rough ./111 H' 30 , 19-1 1
23. !\111011nt of \\'P .\ F 1111r!,-, E,p1•11d, •d fnr l'rn1,,ram , OpNatPd by \\ l'A and by Othl'1
F ede ra l .\ ge11cie~, b .' ObJ L'ct o t L x p L· 11d1t ure , \ ear Emlin g .J un,• 30, 19·!1

LS

l9
21

27
31
:3\l
10
-II

-l:3
4,5

-l 6

H
-1,
-19

.'iO
5l
:2
52
,53
.5.5
.' ifj

,5 7
57
VII

LIST OF TEXT TABLES

VIII

24 . .\ mo11nt of \\'PA Fund. 1.:xpend <>d for P rogra m , Op<>ratC'd by \Y PA and by Othe r
FN!eral .\gC'nrirs, :'1/onthly . .J ul y 193.'i .Jun, · Hl-ll
25 .\mount of \YP .\ Funds Expcndrd for Progr::1 111 - Op0rated by \\ PA and by Other
F'c•dc•ral Agrnri<'>-. :'lfon(hl y. Jul y 1940 Ju ne 19·11
2{i. \ mouut o f \YP .\ Fuucl,- Exprnded for .\ dmi1,i,,tration of \YP .-\ . by Obj ec t o f Expenditure . Year Ending ,Jun r. 30 . 19-ll __
2i \ m o unt of \\TA a nd Sponsors' Fund,- Ex prndrd on P ruj(•c t s Ope rated by \Y PA , b.,·
Fiscal Year a nd by So11 rcr o r Funds , thro ugh .J uuf' 30 . l94L
28. \mount of \YP .\ and Sponsors' Fund:- Expended on ProjPcts OpNatc I by \\'P A, by
ObjC'ct of Exprnd itu rr and by Source of Fund,-.. Y C'ar E11diug Jun e· 30 , 1941
29. .\m o unt of \\'P A and Spo nsors' Fund ~ E x pended on Projcd;.. Operat ed by \\"PA , by
:'IJ ajor Typr of Projrrt and by Source o f Fund~ . Ye:ir:- Ending Ju ne 30 , 19-10 a nd
Hl..J l _ _

30. ll ighwa_,·s , R oads , and Strrrts 'o nst ruct rd or Imp ru,·ed o n Projec ts Operat ed by WPA .
Cu nrnlati ve throu1;h .J 11ne 30. 19·D
31. Bridges, C11 lv Pr l~, and Other R oad .\ p1 uneuance,- C'onstrnctcd o r Imp roved on
Proj Pcts Opc>rat cl b~- \\' PA , C'111 1rn lati 1·r thro1iu:li .J 111H' 30 . 1941 ____
32. Numbe r o f School B11ildin11:s C'ons truct rd on Proj e ct, Opc·rnt ed by \Y PA , b y Pupil
Capac it~-. C'11m11 lati1·e th rou gh .J une 30 . 19-ll
33. ll Pc rra ti onal Facilities Construct d or Irn pro,·ed 011 Project,-. Operated by \\' PA , C urnulati,·r through Jun <' ·o, 194 1
34. Pu blic U eal( h Facilitirs C'on~lrnc t Pd or lm pnw cl on Proj ect~ Operat ed b y \Y P ,
C11m1ilati1·p th rough Ju 11P 30 Hl-ll
3,'i . .\ cco n,pli ,sh nwnts on S i<'cted T ., pes of \Y e lfare Project,-. perated by vYP A . um11 l::tlin· thro1 1u, h .Ju ne, 0 , 19-ll
36. Con,spn·atioll and Flood Co nt rol Acti,·ities Oil Pruj('ct,., OpN:1ted b~- \\' PA , C umulati,·e
thrn11gh .Jn 11<' 30, 19-l I
3i. :-S:u 111bN of l 1011,spho ld~ and P e rsoll:S Be1wfiting from Employment O il Federal \\' o rk
P rograms and l'11blic .\ ssi,stancP , :'ll onthly. J an11:1 r~· 1933 .June- 1941 _
38 . .\m ount of Earn in g,-. of PNsons Emplo_1 ('d on Frdc-ral \York Program s a ucl P ay m ents
t o R ec ipi e nt s of Pul ,li c Ass is tance , :'ll o11th ly. J:11 ,ua ry 1933~Jun r 1941.
39. :-S:11 111i>Pr of Persons Emp lo.1·ed on F ed eral \Y ork and C'on;,iruc t ion P r ojec ts and Numbc-r
of H<'cipienls of Public .\ s:-islnncc . by Program. :'llonthly . Jul y l940-.J111\C' 19-l l
40 . .\ mo1111t of Earnings of P Prso 1,,-. Emplo.n •d 011 FP(kral \\·ork a n d C' on s l ructio n P roj<'cts
and J>a,·rn rnh lo H ccipic•nts of P 11li lic .\ :-,i,t:11 ,cP . I,~- Prnt:ram. :'llnnthl v, .J u ly 19-10
J un P 19-ll ___________ __ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ___ __ __ ____ _____ ______ __________

5
59
,59
60
61

63
66
67
6

i3
i ,78
i9
5
"6
87

90

LIST OF CHARTS
P age

l!J

l'NC'<' ll tage of \\' P A \ \' orke rs l•:111pl o ycd 0 11 D [('lli,C Project s . .J 11l .,· 19 10 .Ju n f' 19--11
\ irpo r t :s C'on:s t r ucl ed o r I 111pro,·c·cl by \\' l'A , l hro11gh J u ne· 30 . 19 11
E mp lo.n n c nl 0 11 \\' P .\ P ro j Pcl s, t l11·0 11 gh .J 1111e· 194 1
.\ ss ign m e nt s and t:>e p a ral io 11:s in ~: , np lo.,· m r ,tl o n \ \' PA ProjPct s . .l u h · 193L J un r 10-11
5. ll a tP o f As,s i!!_ nm nt s a n d Sr pa ra tio n:-- in l~m p lo.Ym e nt o n \r P.\ Pro.1r·c t:s . .J ill y 1938
.J un r 19-tl
6. l'rrC'<'ll l a g.e Dis t ri buti o n of \ \' P,\ W o r ke rs, b y Age Groups. A pr il 10-11 an d F rh ru ,1ry
--- - ------- _
1939 _
7. \\' P .\ Expe nd itu res. J u ly 193.'i .Ju ne• 194 L
D ist r ibuti o n of \\-PA ExpC'nrlitu rC's , by Obj ec t o f Expe nditure , Yea r I-:ndin µ; .J un e· 30 ,
19-1J _
9. \\'P .\ a 11 d t:>po n:<o rs' Ex 1,f•11rlit11 rc•s o n l'roj c C'l :s Ope rat ed h y \\'P A , h _, F isc al Yf'a r ,wcl
h ., · Ro urce of F u nd s. lhrn11 g h .J un e 30, 194 1
10. \\' l' A a nd S p o n:sors' E x pr 11 d il 11 rc•:s on l' rojc•cls Ope ra t e d by \\' P A . h y T y pe of P ro j r ct
YC'a r E nd ing .J u ne 30 , 19·11
11. l•: du ca t io na l Bui ldin gs Co ns t ru clC' d 0 1· [m p rove d b y \VP A , C'u m ul::tt i,·p t hrou g h J un e
:30 , 19·11
12. 1,u nc lw s SC' r vcd o n \\' P ,\ School l, unch l'roj rc ts. Y ear E11di11 g .J 1111 c• 30 . 1941
13. I l o11 sC'ho ld s and P e rsolls lk 11di l in g fro m l~mpl oy m r nt o n F Pd Nal \\·o r k Pro g ra m s
a nd Pub lic ,\;ss is tan ce, J a1111ary 193:{- .Jun <' 19-+l
14 Hc·c ip ic·11t s of F ed e ral \\' o rk l' ru g ra111 J-, mp lo y nwnt a11cl Publ ic .\ s,i,tanc·e. In P rogra m .
J u l., · 1933- J un e 1941_ _

I.
2.
3.
.J .

n
38
,12
42
;'j 3
5

,59

tiO
1\2
69
7
R4

89
IX

•

•

REVIEW OF THE WPA PROGRAM
oL_Lowrn_a. the_ ~a. ic_ poVi cy . adopted at the
o1 1ls 1rnt1at1on m I 9:35. th e Work
Aclmini trntion continu ed durin g th e
fi ca l year 1941 to provide jobs on usefu l public
project for large number of un employed m en
and w men . In carrying out this prima ry
fun ction th e WPA , whi ch h as been a unit of th e
F ederal \York Agen cy since July 1, 19. 9, h as
utilized the labor of million of un employed
v,orkers for th e con stru ction of publi c facilities
and the provision of ser v ices n eeded hy ornnnmities all over the country . It h a also
utili zed part of this idle manpower to contruct airp o rts, highways, and fac ili ties at military and rn1val es tab lishments and to ca rry out
other und ertakili gs th at are of direct value i.n
th e defen se of the Nation. At the encl of th e
1941 fi scal y ear , nearly a third of th r WPA
program w:1 s drvotecl to defen se actiYitir .
Loca l participation h a always bcrn an ill tegnd par t of the WPA program . Th r sclrction
of the un cmplo~ 7 cd workers for whom jobs ar c
to be provided i largely th e responsibi lity of
the local public rclid agencies, which inve ti gate
and refer to th e WPA the work ers who a rc i11
n ed . Th e kinds of proj ects on whi ch v\TPA
11·orkt'rs arr employed ar c a lso dl·termincd to a
consider able extent by the localities; loca l and
t11 tc agencies plan and spon or the grr•at m ajority of \ 1\TPA projects, take an ac tive p a rt in
thr ir opL•rntion , and pay a la.rgl' sh ar e of th e
project co t .
).fo, t comm uni ties in all cction s of th e cotmtr)· liavc participated in th e \YPA prog ram and
han• thu s added m ,·a1')' il1g clegn'c to th l'ir
public facilities an I e1T1ce . At the same
time
F
Projrc t

til11e they h aYe g iven local 1.memployed work ers
an oppor tunity to ea rn the' bas ic n ecessities fo r
th em eln
and t heir fami lirs. Th e wage
rece iwcl on vYPA projPets range from $3 1 to
$95 a month, a provided by an e ta blish cd
ch cclule of earning ,·aried according to differen ce in the co t of liYill g ill Ya rious t•ctions
of th e cotm try and in the dcgrel' of skill required for the job to which th e worker i
assign ed.
Dm·il1g the 1941 fi cal year th e WPA progra m
wa operate -J on a . maJler sc ale th an m any
previou s year . Th e number of workers who
h ad WPA jobs in 1941 average I 1,700 ,000 .
This fi gure represent a r edu ction of about 17
p ercent from th e 1940 average and of n early
44 per cent from tl1at of the l 9;39 fiscal year,
wh en th e program was at its brigh t.
Prov ision s made for con timtill g th e WP A
program through t he fisca l yea r 1942 contemplate a fur th er reduc tion in th e level of operations . Th e appropriation for 1942 am oun tccl
to 875, 000 ,000. Thi ' i tlw smalles t annual
a ppropriation that h, rve r been m a de to th e
WPA, and rcp rcscn ts only a small pcrccll tagc
of t li e $2,250,000 ,000 approp riated for the fi seal
year 1939. The 1942 appropriation providr
for employment of ,tn nwragc o f a bou t 1,000,000
workers. as compared 11·il11 th ' 1939 aver age of
more th an :3,000,000.

WP A Defense Work
Vi' P ..\. actiYitirs. like> those of many other
,\grn c ies of the Fc •c kr:il Government, were
geared to the o bj Pctiw of national defense
1

2

REPORT OF PR GRE

during th r l \:l4 l fi se nl yl'ar . Dl'frn s<' work ,
bmn,vn , repn·s<'n tl' d no mn rked dep:1 rtlin' from
Lhe n 'g ulnr scop l' of WPA act,iyi[jl's ; rntli l' r, it
n •pn'S('l1 tl'd ,111 in ten sific:1 tion of certai11 kinds
o f WPA wo rk , arnl was carri <· l on within the
ex i;; ting nd m ini s tra t in' fram work without n eccss il a tin~ an incr<'ase in tbr admin is tn1.tive
s la ff .
Th e C ong ress, in providin g for rontinuntion
of Lh e WPA program cl urin g t he 1941 fi sea l
Y <',H , fac ili tatl'd the \YPA 's parlicipnlion in t he
nn l iona l dden, e effort. lt au t l 1ori Zl'd th e
exl'mption of proje<'Ls certifi ed by tit <' Secrdary
of vVar o r th e Sec retary of th l' avy from ccrtnin of th<' s t:1lutory r es tric tion u tW il)' governin g project opcrnlion s. It provided t hat as
much as ·50 ,000 ,000 of th e fund s appropriat ed
to Lh e WPA mig h t be used to defray nonlnbor
cos Ls of ccrlifil'd d r fen sc proj ect s 0Y(•r a nd ni>on•
t he usu a I allowanc r of \ VPA funds fo r n o nla bor
purposPs. In add ition, C on g ress :rnthorizccl
tlH' \\'PA to undertak e project s lo trnin 11·ork crs
T

F THE WPA PROGRAM

in man unl occ upation s rrquir ccl hy indu s tri s
produ cin g fo r l hP nationa l clcfpn <' .
T he d etaiL of t it ' role tha t tli e \\' PA wa s to
p lay in t he nntion:11 dcfcn c prog ram 1Pre
la rgdy cleLc rrninecl by th e W a r an d
avy
Departnwnt . Th ese agencic not only inclicated t he kind s of proj ec ts th at t hey con s id e red
mos t important fo r defense p urpo es but also
specified ma n y s ites at w hi c h su c h wo rk sh ou ld
b • ca ffi ed on . Projects t h at t hese agenc ies
h aYc C(•rt if-iecl ,1 s impo rta n L fo r miJi t:in· or nLn ,al
purposes h av e been giv e n preferen ce m operation to sp eed th eir compktion .
Proj ect fo r th e con s t ru ctio n and imp roY erncnt of faciliti es ut mili ta ry and n:1,·L1l (' tablishments , wh er e th e th o usan Is of men called
to t he a rm ed forces receiv ' tra inin g , a r e prominent amo ng t hose d cs ign :1tccl as impor ta n t to
the national defen se prog ram . :\Iuch o f th e
\~'PA work has in ,·olved th e r enovation and
cnlnrgem ,nt of fac iliti es at old military and
rnn·al r escrvnl ion s t h at h a l been unu sed for

Thi s sea wall and land sca p ing were comp le ted a s part of an e xte nsiv e WPA project

RE\ JE W OF T H E WP.\

y e:1r. . Projt'c-l work1•r;; h:1,·1• nl.;;o lrnnsforrnt'<l
lnrgt' lr:1c-l-. of \\O<H il and :1 11d ot lH•r 11 11d c• ,•plop l'd
land into 111•,,· m ilitary ln1ini ng <T il le rs. ~\t
bot h old 1111d Il l' \\' re e1T al io n , \YPA ,,·o rk1•rs
h:1 ,·e C' i(•:lrl'd hundreds of :HTes of lnnd for t he
('O nsll'llc-lion o r enl nrge nwnL o f rn111 w11,·1•r
g round s, l:rndin g field s, an d larg-d r:1n g-l'S.
Th l'y hu \'(' in s lallt•d se \\'cr, w,1lt• r, J)O\\'l'I" , :111d
ol hl' r utility li1ws; built alhl!'lic fi c• ld s; :111d
("O n' lrud <'d o r impron•d many ollH•r f:l C' ilili <'s,
in(' luding lnrg<' numbe1" of buildings s11e h a
nw s hnll s. ofli c-1• rs' quart1•r , hosp it.1L. h:1rr:1 cks. sto r:i gt• bui ldings . and nrninl 1•11:1ntL' . hops.
T o s ln•ng tl1(•n f:i cililil' fo r aerin l <idense, the
\\'PA in 19-ll g reatly ex pand Pd l hl' w rk it had
bt•P n doin g d11 ring t he prec-1•din g ye nrs to
ex tend a nd impro vr t he nn t io nnl airport nl't,,-o rk . As a res ulL of t hl' increa sed t' rn ph:t :- is
pln ced on airpo rt ,,·o rl · t he number of \\'Ork ers
Prnp loyed o n suc h proj ect more than lre bkd
du rin g LIil' o ur l' of tit ' yt•ar , in s pit <' o f t he
ge nernl do\\'n\\':lnl trend of tota l pr g r:im 1•111ploY mt• nt. Th e wo rk inc lud ed Lhe C'O nlin11 <•d
den• lo pnw nl of c i,·il as well a milit:11·y :wd
naYa l nirporls. .\l an_y ai rport runways were
ex tendPd lo leng th s aclequaLe fo r Lit <• la ndin g of
' wift military ni rcraft . Exte ns i,·L' imprO\'enwnt. \\'e re mnd t• Lo both la nding fi eld :rnd
fa iliti es nl milil:H_v nnd naYal ai r ba st's, nnd
1wc inl types of fa ci liti es, such as :1ir bo mbing
fie ld s, ,,·1• n• d rvdo ped. Ci ,·il nirpo rt s W<' n' :1lso
built . impro,·1•d , or enlarged lo foci lit al<' t he
t he c·o unlry ,llld
mo,·c mc• nt of nircraft acr
the co nce ntrnli o n of p laocs in t ral cg ie a rea ' .
ff PA \\'Ork that i cons id erl'd imporl:1nt for
military :rn d nnva l purposes includ e.' tl1 <• bui lding and improv emr n t of nccc s road Lo mili Ln ry
and n,wa ] rrst•rvation and dl'fcn e indu tria l
ce n tr r a \\'el I a of Lrn tcg ic road tlt n t form
part of th e nnti o n:11 hig h\\'ay net,vo rk . It a lso
o uts id e t he co n [rucinclud r mnn y activit,i
tio n fi eld , u h 11 clerica l nnd r<•scar ch \\'Ork for
th r Army , ~avy, and otlt er dden e nge nC' ies,
a nd tlw prnYisio n of educntionn l, C' ulLunil , nn<l
recr ent io na l servi c' for bot h mili Ln ry nnd 111du t ri nI 1·en t<· r .
Amo ng Ut e d <• fcnsc nctiv itic• und ' rLnke n by
t he WPA du ring Lhe fi cal yea r 194 1 wa s a
projrc L for th e Lrn inin o- of qualifi ed p rson s for
r equired in indu tri es
manual oceupntion
I roducin o- fo r dcfcn c purpo cs. Thr ug lt Lbi s

PRO<:H.\l\1

proje('t , r.•fn•sh,•r course ,,·en• ofrprpd for
\\' P.\. \\·o rkl'rS :dn•:Hly J)O " l' ' Slllg skill · lll'L'd<•d
in d1•f( •ns1• produ etio n , and bns1c trnintng
cour <'S \\'en• prn,·id ed fo1· tltOSl' qu a lifi 1·d to
lc.1rn II (' \\ ski ll s. Nearly 35,000 p l'rso ns \\( 'J'e
in Lm inin g at Lil e end of t lt c yPar , nnd about,
-! ,000 oLlt t'l" \\'Orkl'r h nd bern t• nro lkd duri11 g
th e pn•e1•din g monLlt s. About Lhn•1·- fourtl1 of
t il l' latter g roup ldt Lit e project ,o lun Lnri ly,
mo st of tlt1·m for pri, :lte (•rnp loym(•Jll,.

Project Activities and Accomplishme nts
Tlt1• kind ' of ,,·o rk Llt :1L h ave bl'l' ll 11nd l'rl:1k(• n
tltroug h \\' PA proj ects r eflec t tlt e va ryi ng ne1·ds
of lon1I co mmuniLi e in a ll pn rL of Ut e counlry
fo r p ubli c· fn!"i liLiL·S and Sl'rv in· . TJ 1ut Lit ,·
projel"ls rdil'd tlt ese communit y r equin·m en ls
is :1ss 11rl'd by t he fn ct tlt at loc:1 1 publi c :lgl'rwic
pl:111 , proposl' , :rnd spon :-or m os t of t lt e proj<•C'Ls,
,1s ,,·ell :1 s t.1k1• an :1ctiY1' p:ul in th eir J t"O ' t•<·ution :rnd pay a co ns idernblc share of Lit e• proj1·et
ex pensL•S. ln th e actu:tl initiation o f proj ects,
a furt her ·o ns id l' rntion is t he oc·cup:1liu11:1I
bac kg rou nds of l he wo rk er elig ible. fo r W PA
employ m ent.
\..l tlt o uglt WPA par t icipa tion in Ll1 c nat ional
defense prog rn m lt as in cr l':lsed Uw e111ph:1 sis
p lacl'd o n so nw ki nds of wo rk , notably :1 irporL
dl'n•lopm(·nl, it h :1 not materia lly :illl'n·d Lit e
rl'h1livl' irnporl:HtC <' of th e major Lypes of
projeds. \\'ork o n highway , road s, and s tr,•pl,s
c n tinu ed lo proYide jo b for the l:irg!'s l share
of th l' \\'P .\ \\'OrkL•r , :1s it lt as sin ce th1· hl'g in ning o f Lit t• prng- rnm. At Llw l'Dd of ,Ju,w 19-!l
a bo ut, 36 f) l' l"C<' ll l o f th e proj ec t empl oyl'PS l\'l'l'e
eng ngcd in work o f thi s typ e. Ke:irly 10 p ercent of tJt ,, workl'rS were employed on projl'ct
fo,· t he co nst t"ll{'[ion or improvem l' nt of p1tb1i c
bui ldings :rnd n per eL•n t on projl'el S for Lli e
exten ion :i nd irnpron•m enl of sc,,·1·r and wal<•r
sy st ems nnd ot hl'r publicly own l'd or OJ)l'nllt'd
uti li li <· . Tit !' numb l'n; of workl'r <' ng:iged in
ai rpo rt ,rnd ai rway ,,·o rk in cn•:1sed eo ns id (' r:li>ly
durin g Ut 1• .1·1•:1 r, a nd at tl1 e end of ,Jun t• IH-11
th e c projl'<'l , :H·cou nl !'d for m ore tli:111 ,5 JH'rcent of t he lotn l employnwnl. R1• l:1 ti,·<· ly
nrnlkr n um lw r of 1wrson, ,,·1•n· <• mpl o_n·d on
cons l rtt!' t io n prnj (·<·ls in Yoh-i ng ("OllS(' IT :1 t io n
work :i nd \\ ork 011 rec reatio nal fal'iliti1•s 0 L11 er
tLan bui ldin g .

4

REPORT O:N PROGRESS OF THE WPA PRO GRAM

'iYPA projecl. COYl'ri ng aetiYitie out id e tli e
co nstruetion fi eld ac r o1 1n ted fo r consiJ er::1 bly
more th an on e-fou r tli o f l11 e totn l employm en t.
Thro ugJ1 Lil e e projects were proYided n wid e
variety of community . rviccs th at nre impo rt ant to tl1e public welfa re, such as lit cra ·y,
na tun1liza lion , nnd aclul t eduea ti on cla sses;
nurse ry scl 1oo ls for pr 'sch oo J children from lowin com e fa mili es; school lunches ; direct medical
and h c11 lth services for persons " ·li o co uld n o t
olh enl' iS<' nffon l them; th e mnkin g o f gn rm cnts
and other articles in sewing room s fo r distri butio n t.o n eedy fam ilies nnd pu hlic in s ti tu tion s;
an d c!CJ"i ca l, r esenrcl1 , an d professionn l ,1ssistan ce to m nn y local goy rnm enla l agencies.
A con sid erable part of tlti s work , " ·h ich provid es jobs f r un empl oyed tec lrni cal, profess ion a l, and clerical wo rkers \\·ho h aYc been
certifi ed as in need , is ,1 lso an important co nt ributi o n lo t he nati ona l defen se effort. Anoth er major ac liYity " ·as th e na tional dcfcn e
voca ti onal t rn,nrn g proj ect lh rouglt whi ch
workers were trained in occ upation s r eq uired
in defense indu stries.
Th e work performed by 'iYP A cmpl ovcc on
the m an y kinds of pr ojec ls undertaken a t the
reques t of project spon so rs ba result(•d in n,
wide va ri (•ty of u seful public u11pr0Yenwnt s an d
public ervices . 1luch of this work is unportan t to the national ckfrnsc.
Accomplislmw n ts in th<· fields of transportation and communicat ion h aYe been particularly
ext en siYc. In th e courst' o f th e six ~·cm-, en d-

One of the thousonds of stone bridges built by PW A worke rs

i.ng with June Hl41 , WPA worker completed
th<' con s tru t ion o r improvement of more than
G00, 000 miles of roa ds . Th e g rratcr part of
this rn ikage r cpn· cnts work on roads in rural
ar eas. 1la.ny of tlwsc are farm- to-market road
g iv i11g farm er s all-weath e r access to market ,
sch ools, and shopping centers. Som e of th em
:1 re acc(•ss road t,o milita ry and naval r e ervat ions and to cen ters of defen se industry .
Thou sands of miles of c ity streets th at have
i) ('L'll buil t or unprov ed to m ee t the n eed
f
l1 eayy m odern motor traffic are a lso mcluclecl.
In conn ection with t he highway work , a bou t
117 ,000 bridges of wood , steel, or maso nry
we re bui l t or improved , n cal"ly 1,000,000 new
cukcrts wne in ta llecl , and otb r appurtenant
highway fac iliti c were complete L.
Bo th eivil and military aviation have been
faeilitated by WPA project accomplishm ents.
Th e e include t he con stru ction of 220 n ew
lanclu1g fields and t he unprovem ent or enl argem ent of n early t.w ice th nt number . vYPA
wo rke rs also c n struc ted n early 500 mile of
new airport nrnwa.ys; built la rge number of
airport bui.l li.nas , incluclin o· hanga r , admu1i tration lniil lings, and mai.ntenan c h ops; nnd
eomplete( l many taxi strips, aprons, turni.ng
circles , nncl oth e r a irport and ai rwa y unpron nwnt s. Th airport impro vem ent work ha
been carri ed on at a tota l of 760 it es durin g
th e six-:v ('ar pe ri od .
.A mon g th e ou t tandi.ng a cornpli hrnent of
'iYPA work(•r , th e con stru ction or m1pro,·em en L of a.bout l 10 ,000 publi c buildings of rill
types . Th o usand s of sch oob h ,we bren built
or moch·rnized to redu ce ove 1'Cl'O \\·cling and unsafe condi tion s, and imilar work n la rge numhers of audito riums , gymna iurn s. and other
klncl s of tructu•·c for conununity u c h as been
f'Omp ld<'d , as well as th e con stru c tion or improvement of m an~, buildings at military and
n,wal esta blishnw nts. Th ou sa nd s of park .
playgrounds , athl etic fie lds , swimmu1 g and
,\·ading pools, and oth er r ecreational facilitie
have also been con s t ru cted .
vYPA proj e ·t h ave resulted in the extension
of publi c e lu cational an l n•crca tiona] se rvice s .
Th ese i.ncJud e naturalization , li tnnc:v, aml
genn nl adul t eclucntion classes, m which hu ndreds of t li o us::mds of perso ns have been enrolled, and the proYision of leade rship for

REVIEW OF THE WP A PR

,RAM

Combinat io n hig h and grade sc hoo l b uilt by WPA workers; it conta in s a gy mna sium -audit o rium a s wel l as 1 2 class rooms

public n •crea t ionrd acti,· i t iL' in w hi ch largl'
numbers of C" ltilclren and ad ults hav l' tak en
an active part .
Improvem ents in public utiJi ty systems a nd
in publi c h ea lt b and sanitation fociJitie s rl'presen t a n oth e r kind of communi ty n ee d t hat bas
led local sponsor to initiate WPA projects.
Among th e many accompli lt m·n t u1 tl1i s field
ar e tb c in stall ation of more t ha n 14 ,000 miles
of 11rw \\·ate r lin e and n early 22,000 mil e of
n ew s to rm nnd sanita ry sew ers , and th e constru c tion of more t han 2,0C O n e w u t ili ty pbnts.
Employment in the Fiscal Year 1941

Th e an'ragc numb e r of pe rso ns <·mpl oycd on
WPA proje<·Ls ranged from 1,89 0,000 to 1,4 10,000 during th e various m onths of 194 1 and
was 1,700,000 for the fi scal year a s a w l10le .
These mont hly avcrn.gc·s include both p er son s
workina on projec ts OJ)l'rated by t he WPA and
those employed on proj ects operated by oth er
F ed eral age ncies w it h a ll oca ti ons o f \VPA fund s.
Per o n mpl oyed on proj ecL operated by ot h er
agen cies, however, av<'raac d only abo ut 3 p e rec•n t o f t h e total numb er of workers that
W<'r e paid wi t h WI A fund s .
vVi Lh t h e g row in g empb a is on national d efen e, th e rd ative numb ers of \ VPA worke r
participating directly in t hi s effo rt in c rease I
t<-a dily t hrougho u t t he yea r. B y .Jun P 194 1,
obout 30 p e r .en t of tJw LoLal emp loym en L was

o n dd( •ll Sl' pro jects. :- Lost o f th e 4 19,000
Jw rsons en gaged in ddl' nSl' " ·o rk W(' re empl oyed on proj l'cts o pl'rate d by t h e \YPA ;
abo u t J 9,000, b owl'ver , 11·en· wo rking on projects operated by oth e r F edl'ral age ncies.
In gen eral, WPA emplo~·m l'n t has be en ndjusted to un cmpJ oynwnt co nd ition , but m onthto-mon th c hange h ave reflected t lw us ua l l'aso nal va riati ons in t h <· need fo r job a nd ass i tancL' . Ln tl1 (' fi rst mon t h of t hl' 194 1 fis<' al
yl'ar a n avl'rage of about 1,65,5,000 pe rso ns had
projl'c-t jobs. Af te r s li µ: h t in c rl' aS('S in t he lnLv
umm e r a nd early autumn, avl'mge m ntlily
empJoym (• ll LrosL' mon · i-npid ly during- t hl' wi n te r
mont hs and rcadwd t lH' vear 's peak f J , 90,000
in J a nu a r y 194 1. Th(• cu rt nilment in t hL' next
two mon t h' wa s grndunl , hut by April t h e ave rage h ad been redu ce d to 1,6 10 ,000 and by ,Ju ne
only abou t 1,4 10,000 pvr o ns wc r<' wo rkiHg o n
WPA projc<·ts. Thi rapid s pring tkclin(· l'l'Oects not o nly Sl'nsonnl incrL•aS<'S in priv atl'
employml'nl but a lso t l1 e ?,'<'lll' rnl bus in<·s improv<·nwnt rl'su ltin g from t h e defr11 s<' program
,rncl t h e limi tati ns on fund s nvnilnble for
operatio n of th e \YPA program .
AJth o ugh indust ri a l product io n a nd privat e
cmployml'nt imp ro,·ed rapi d!~· du rin g t he Hl4 l
fi scal year , large num bers of workt•rs continued
to b <' unempl yed. 1 H 11·as l'Slimntcd hy Lhe
1

A ccord i ng- 10 :-;a 111 plt• ~11n 1•y :,; <·oncliH·tt-d li) t ill' \\ P \ ,._,.,. footno te
ltM I as c11m•

2, p. :37 ) a hout .1, H00,0 00 pPr:-on s ,, ere unen q 1lo) 11 d 10 Jun
pared w it h 8,fiOU ,000 in Jurw of I he 1.rr, iou:-- yrn r .

REPORT

K

PROGRESS OF THE WPA PRO ,RAM

"\_ high rate of labor turnonr ha alway
·liaractnis tic of lhe \\' PA program.
Thou . an Is of work er h a,·p left proj Pct. job
ca h month to obtain pri,·ate employment,
a.ncl other workers \\'ho e resources h ave been
exhau s ted through un mployment have been
added to the program. .\. a re ult of thi
turno,·cr. more than ,000,000 different "·orker ~
han had 1YPA jobs at one time or another
cl uri ng the six ~· ear that the program ha been
u1 01wration. :- lany of them arc no\\· employed
in ddcn e inclu tries "-here the skill and ,,ork
habit s con crnd through WP.A employment
,ln' being u tili zPcl in the clcfcnsc effort.
Labor turnoY<'r cluru1 g th e 1941 fi cal year
" ·a marked by an unusuall:· la rge volume of
,·oluntar:- separation . most of wbi h represented workers "·ho b ad obtained jobs in
prin1.te indust ry . Total separation clurino
,June represented :1 bout 01w.fourth of emp loyment at the beginning of the month, and the
scpara tions rat e during th e )' car as a whole
averaged about 14 percent, as compared with
an a s ignment rate of les than 12 pe;· ent.
The millions of "·orker who ha,·e ha l WPA
jobs at one time r another luring the ix )' ears
since the progra m began constitute a cross
section of the Nation ' total labor force.
Tbe_y includ e men and women from practically
cYcry occupational group and " -ith a wid e
early
Yaricty of educational backgrounds.
all of them had I een certified a in need by
lo cal public relief agen ic before they were
a signed to 11P \_ job . Th e:· include ,rnrkers
of all ages from 1 years up"·arcl. The < Ye rage
ae-c of " TPA ,vorker in April l 941, bowt'ver,
was nearly 43 yea r , a ·ompared with 36 years
for the labor force a a whole.
A number of other publi c program besides
the WPA proYidccl work for the Lmemployecl
during the fi cal year 1941. .i\Ian)' young
per ons "·ere emplo:·ecl on the out-of-school and
tucknt "·ork programs of the N"ational Youth
Admu1istration or "·ere enroll ed in th e Ci,·ilian
Consc1Yation orps. In add ition, \\Tork and
construction project of the Public Work
Admini stration and other F ederal agcncie
employed a small nwnber of workers. Th e
WP\. , howenr. continued to provid e tb e
largest share of the job , a it has iii the past.
Assistance was ext n led, tlu·ough the pecial
b C'C'll

WPA workers have built thou sand s of miles of curbs and
gutters and many other highway improvements

stat e WPA admini tration and the public
welfare age nC'ies respo nsibl e for determining
whether appli<:ants urc in need, that al
th e encl of the year there were more than
J ,000,000 persons di1;iblc for WP\. jobs who
cou ld not be employed with availabl e funds.
The improvement in busine s and employment co nditi ons that occurred during 1941 were
u11t'n'nl)· di tribut ed among t he various sections of the count ry . Durin g t he comsc of
th e year , privat e employment in creased by
shout a fifth in half a dozen tates along the
<'a . tern seaboard , but imprond only slightly
in som e of the inland s tate .
imilarly, the ri e
in cmploynwnt amount ed to as much as 50
JWrC'('nt in a few cities that are centers of dcf<,n e indu strial production, but ,ms negligible
in oth ers " ·h ere there wa s little defense activity.
Furthermore , even in deknsc centers the impron'cl co nditions tended to affect omc occupational groups much more favorably than
Lhey did oth ers.
Th
taLe di stribution of 11PA employment
has refl ected the e din,rgt'nt trends in employm en t and n eed . In contrast to the national
deC'linc of 21 p rc ent hd"·ee n ,Tun e 19-!0 and
19-!l , the reduction s in numb ers of perso ns
employed on v\TPA projec ts amount ed to more
than a third in fin, t'a tern states and to more
than a fourth in 12 other sta tes. mos t of them
predominantly indu strial. On the other hand,
l'l'duction made in the agrieu ltural states of
the outh and :diddl <' " 'l'St ,,. ('!'(' mu('h smaller
than the d<•C' lin e in the national tW<·rage.

RE\'IEv\"

7

F THE W PA PROGRAM

a i tan ·e program in whi('h t he orial .'ecu rity
Board parti('ip,1lc , Lo l hrce large grou ps of
persons 1vho a rc Lmahle lo 11·ork the 11gl'd, the
blind , and d cpendenl C'hildrcn . FurllH'rmorc,
throu gh t:1Lc and lo cal gc1teral reli ef prog ram ~,
a is lan e 1va giYen lo needy p rso 11 11·ho for
various rea ons were n ot niclcd under the
program m which tb • Fed e ral Gon'rn n1 e1 t
par ticipates. In ome a rea gen eral rel id i
al o gi,·cn to tho e who rece ive in s ufficient ai l
und er such program to meet th eir minimum
r equirem ent . ' u l istcn ec 0 T:1nts \\·er e mad e
to ne edy farm families by LILe Farm cc u ri ty
Adm i11i tration. It is estim ated tha t in ,Junc
1941 an undupliciitecl total of about -! .f\89.000
honseh o l l , including 12,:36-!,000 p erso n -, l'l'cei,·ed employment on Federal " ·ork procrrnms
or som e form of publi c r elief.
Financing the Program

To financ e WPA actiYiti cs durin g t l1 e fi ~eal
year 1941 , o ngr css m ade availabl e to t li l' WP \.
a total of about $ 1,38 1,000 ,000 . Of t hi s
amount, $975,650, 000 wa appropriated in t he
Em er cren cy R li ef Approp riation Act. fi cal
year 1941 , and $375 ,000 ,000 in t he Crg nt
D efic iency Appropriation Act (Publi c L.111·

· o. 9, 77th Congn•ss ) ap pro ved on .:\lnr<'h 1,
Th e n'llHlinder l'l'J)l'<'SP11ts u11obli~11tcd
l ti lnnce of funds from e,uli l' r aC't Uwt 11 cre
rcn ppropriatecl lo tl1 e \\'P"\ .
E x pendi t ures of WPA fu nd (in term s of
ch ecks iss ued by t h
nitcd States TrC',lsu ry)
amounted to .' 1,326, 000 ,000 during th e _yl'ar.
.:\ Jo:;l of th is amo unL ($ 1,28.5,000 ,000) 11·ns sp en t
fo r program aeti vi Lie OJ)<'i'll t <'cl clirC'ctly b.v
th e WPA, and th e remainder wa s used by ther
F ed eral agencies for the projects th.it tlwy
und C' r took wit h tl1 e aid of \YPA fund s. J\"l',trl y
·:325,000,000, or about 011c-fourtl 1 of t hC' tota l
fo r ,i ll purposes, wa ex pend ed for ddrnsc
proj ects .
.:\ lo t of th e ex pcn li t ures from 11PA funds
11·c re mad e to pay Lh c wages of proj 'Ct 1vork ers.
Th ese labor cosLs account<,d for 7 p erC'(• nt of
lli e tot:11 Fed eral cxp en li t ures durin g t he' year.
P roject nonlabor costs r eprese nt ed on ly 9 perce n l of th e t ta l. Thi s Jw rcen tage is on ly
sli ght ly larger than t llat for the precedin g
y nr , despit e t he sp c ial a uth orization mad e
in th e 1941 act to p rmit large r exp enditures
for t he non labor co ts
f certi fied d efense
proj ects th a n a rc nonna ll)r nllow ed for nonlabor
purpose . Tlw proportion of \YPA ex penditu r·es mncl e fo r administ n tin• p 11rposl's. whi ch
I !HJ.

-

:;:;::::::=

Thi s se ttling ba sin far
th e filtration plant
at a larg e military
re se rvation wa s buill
by WP A workers
-1:.)2, I 0 ° --1~- -2

REPOH,T ().\'

l'HO<:HES:-;

111ig-ht h:n-<• h<•<•n <'XJWdt•d lo irH'l'l':l:--t' i11 \·i<•11·
of tltP dr:1,-;( i<" n•ductions in l'lllj)ioynwnl :rnd
t lw i11fl<•,ihilily of ·erl ,1in kinds of onrh<•nd
<·osls. r<'lll:1i1 wd ,ll thC' sa mC' fi g-1 11·(' as in lhP pn•n•ding- fiscal y<'n r- 3.6 pPn·(•nl of the lotnl.
TIH• s lll:ill r·<• mninckr of l hC' expr1Hliturps n•prpsc•11l<•d the payrnC'nL of p roperly dnmngc•
c- l:1im s.
~pon,-,ors of \YPA projcc-ts h:1YC' nhn1~ s cnrri<·d :1 ,·011siden1hle share of lhe prnj<'d <·o,-,ts.
1

or

r 11E \\'PA PROC:RAM

l)uring- th<• fis<"nl yenr lfl41 , projN·l . ponsor
-.p<'rtl n tol:il of near!~, ,"547.900,000 in t hr operation of \\· P .\ projerts. Thi ;;; a mou n t, \\·hich
r('pre,-;(•nt;;; ,lbout 3J p rccnt of t he loln l expcn 1it url's for pr jcct op rnlcd by t lw \VPA, i
more than spon so r had cont ri bul('( I in any
pn• \·iou. yt'n r· of t he progra m , in spil C' of t h
fnr-t t lrnt \YPA expe nditures on l hC' wholP WC're
-.m:1 II C"r th:111 ,1l any tim e sin ce l hl' fir;;;l year of
lw \\' P_\ program.

LEGISLATIVE PROVISIONS FOR
THE WP A PROGRAM
\Yo rk Proj ec t, Aclmini s tr ntion c\('l'in'>- it s
ba , i<' :wth ori t. from ac t s o f C on gn:' :1pprnprialing fund ' fo r enw rge11cy n·li d . T hl' ag pn ·y
wa cs l:1blish ecl b:v a n exec utiYc or dC'r is~ut•d
May 6, 1935 , Lmd er au th ril y of th l' E 1m •rg cncy
R elief . \ppropri a li on .\ c l o f I 9:3.:, . l \ 111 gn·>-::has sp ec ifi cally p ro vid ed for ll1 c con t in u:rn tt• of
Lh e W o rk Proj ecls Admini s trati on nnd h :i s l:i itl
down requirem en t s and limitnlion s goYl' rn ing
iL prog rnm o p r ra ti o n .
Auth o ri ty for ac Li v itie clmin g th e .Hnr (•1Hlin g Jun e :30, 1942 , is prov id ed int.h e Enwrgr nc.v
R e lief Appro pri aL ion A ct , fiscal ~·eni- I \.142 . Thi s
e, ,en t h major s tat ute und er 1d1ic h th e
i th
\YPA ha o p er a t e d . E ach of t h t•se nd h:1 ~ em bo di ed c ha nge i11 prov1s10n con ce rnin g t h e
o pe rati on o f th e WPA 1 r ogrnrn an d in t h e
am o unt o f fund s a ppro pria t ed . 1 In a dditi o n to
Lh e nrn jo r act s , f-i ve d eficiency nppro pr ia tio n hil L
ha vt' been a ppron• d , som e of 1d1i ch nm L·n tkd o r
ndclN I l o t h e pro vision s f th e bn ic E R A nct s. 2
Th e ~RA Ac L o r th e fi al _vpar 1942 i, l 'S:'-l' ll Lia lly like th at I'm · tli e prec eding yenr (\\·hi ch i
di s ·u ssecl in cll'l nil in th e R eport on P /'/l,Q1c ss <((
the WP I P l'o.Ql'a /1/ , J une 30 , 1,940). T h e c hi d
difl'erl' n ·e l et ween th e t w o Ji( •, in th e nm o un L
of m o ney a ppropri ate d to th e W PA , wh ic h 1rn s
a bo ut :35 p e rtl'Jlt le in th e 1942 :1 ct t ita n in t il l'

T

HE

Thr tir~l aet under ,, h1c h the ,\· P ..\ operatt'd ,,a~ the Emt-r~t·rn:~
Reller \ ppr o pr1at 1on .\ ct or 1935. app ro,Nl .\pnl ' · J! ,:15_ Th,- ~uli~1.•·
QUCll l, major acts \ \ (' f {.'. ']~hr ERA Aet of I!J::!11. Jun, '.!:!. ]~:if1: th t E HA
Act of 193; , J une 2H. 1!137, the ER .I .let of 19:i, . June ~I. rn:J, 1h, t HA
Ac 1 of 19:l\l , J u ne 30. 193µ, 1he E H .I l et. fiscal iear JV4 1. Jun, ~, •. W411;
a nd t ht• 1, 1!.\ .l e t. fi scal ic• r 1942, J u li I, 1\141

1941 ncl s . Th is ln rg-(• rl'd ll<' t ion \\' ll . based on
t h e exp ectation o r ro n Linu cd improvem en t in
ernplo~·m ent conditi on s beca use o f Lh e national
dden se prog rnm .

Amount of Funds
Th e 194 2 ERA A rt mad e n dir rct a ppropriation to th e WPA o f . · 7 .5 ,000 ,000 , log ' Lh er with
uno bligated b a la n ce ' of fund s nvail a ble un der
th e previou yea r ' a pprnpri a li o n . T hi i Lh e
smalles t annual a ppro pri ,1Lio n Lh at ha s e n r
b een m a d e to th e WPA . ll i d <•s ign d to prov id e employm en t for a n av!'rage o f 1,000 ,000
pecon during a year when un employ m t•nl is
exp ecte d to drnp to t b e lo we l level ince t h e
ag e ncy wa ' es t ahli s li (·<i .
DiJ.'ect a ppropria li o ns of p ec ific am ount
h ave been m a d e l o lli e \YPA lw gi1ming " ·ith t h e
fi sca l year 1939 . ]n th e fi.sc :1 I yea r;;:; 19:36 , 19:37,
and 1938, funds fo r reli ef a nd wo rk relief purposes wer e a ppro print ed in a lump s u1n t o Lh e
President, who a lloca te d t h em lo Lh e WPA and
2

The five defic1enc~ a.ppn1 p nallon s ,, err m tHIL' 111 I tw fol io\\ in!! nets.

T he F irs t Detk1e ncJ .\ p 1)ro11nat1on .\ ct. fi stal yrnr 11137, n1111ro\ed
Fe bruary U, 1937 ; P ub ll r R('so lution No . "'0, ifith <'ongress, :,\ l arch 2,
l!J:{h ; P uhllc R eso lut ion o I. 71H h C'o ll J,!f ('SS, Fehrua ry ·I. 193H ; l' ublic
rgent Defi
R esolu t ion No LO. 7fitb C'orn!ress, .\ pn\ l:i, IH:lH; :ind thC'
cie ncy Appro priati on Act, 1941 ( J' u h lir Lnw No. IJ, 77 th C'on~ress),
i 1a rc h I, 1941.
In add it io n to tbr appro priatwn acts, ~e, ·nil o tlw r nr1s of Con ~H-'SS
ha,·e nlferted tbe orgamzauon of \\' I' .\ aod 1tw ro11dur1 of its prol,!raru.
Reorg-anizat 1on P lan Ko I, pn•pun •d h~ llh' Pa•s1d1.•nt m arro rdanH
with th e H eorga nizatio11 .\ ('! or 1,1:t!I, 1nt·11 rporalt •d tlw \\) '.\ in !ht· llt'"
Fedt·rnl \V ork s _\ g(.'D('), (J u l y I, H1:m 1 Otht•I l1 ",! l, l;H1on hns rwrta 11wd
to the 11st' of " . I I A fu nds fo r dt•, 1u11uletl p u rpo::-.t ·s or t ht• tran sfe r of \\. P .'-\
flllld s t o otht•r .F'ellernl aµ:ern ·it•~

9

REPORT o::-,; P RO(;RES ' OF T HE WP.\ PRO<;R.Uf

Cc'rta in ot lwr Feel rm 1 ngcn r i('. t hat wr r r en gag('d i11 public relief o r work prog ram s .
Anot lH' r fairl _Y n·n• nt d l'vd p rn l' n t is t he
polil'y of p lnC'ing s LatuLo ry limi Lations o n t ht'
administrntin L'xp e nditure of t h e WPA . Tlw
ERA AcL of 1939 a nd s ubsequent acts sp ec i(il'd
t hl' actual a mount t hat could be u eel for t h is
purposl'. T he amou nt S]) l' ·ifi ed has varied " ·ith
th e size of t he appropriation, bu t t h e admini strat ive limitation bas averaged around --! pl'rcent of t he total appropriation . Th e ERA Act,-:
of 1937 a nd 1938 sp ec ifi ed t h at no t more t k rn
.5 pNcc•nL of th e to tal am oun t a1loea ted or appropri ate I to t. he WPA ould be used for admini s t1·at.iY<' purposes. [n th e acLs o f 193.5 and
l 93(i no SJ l'C' i fi e reference wa made to t lw
a mount o r p er cent age allowable for adminis trat in• ('x pen ses . Admini s trative ex p<·mliturcs for
t.lH· program !ming t.h e p eriods t which t lH'se
acts a ppli ed , how eve r , amounted to about .5
prrc.ent and 4 p er ce nt , r esp ec tiv ly, of total
WPA xpe ncl itur es.
The ERA Act, fi scal year 1942, limits a dministr ative L'Xpe nses of th e WPA to $3.5,466,000 .
Thi s repn'Sl' ll ts a r edu c tion of so m e 9,000,000
from th e ad mini strative allow a nce for th r prL'ced i ng yea r. Limi t a re a lso placed on t h '
amo un ts t hat may be sp en t for sp ec ifi c administra tiY e purpo ses, a
follo\\·s: sa la ri e ,
.·W,016 ,000 ; communi ca tion ser v ice, .500,000;
trav<• l, $2, 00,000; a nd printin o· a nd binding,
$300,000 .
In add ition to approp ri at ing fund s to t b e
WPA , the 1942 ERA Act also mad e fund
flva il able to t hree o th l' r F ed L' ra l age ncies for
l'XJ)('llses th ry incur in conn<'ct ion wit h t ht'
WPA prog ram. Th e Gl'n eral AcC"o unting Offic e
l'l'Cl'ivcd $1,--100,000, t h e Treasury D ep artm ent
$6,00.5,000, and thr U nit ed States Employee , •
Compensatio n Commi ss ion $3,.500, 000 . No ne
of tlw fund s fo r the Ge neral Arcount ing Offic e
or for tlw Tn·asmy Department may br wed
for t h<· com1wnsa tion of pl'rson r ngagl'd in tlw
reg-ular work of th e rrsp l'ctive agl'nC'ies unless
ofl'sdting- work oceasion<'cl hy WPA opL•rat ion,;;
is 1wrfornwd by employees paid from regular
fund s of the agencies. The act of 194'2 a lso
autliorizl's th e Commissioner of \Yo rk Proj<'cts
lo a ll oeatr up to $.576,000 to ot h er Fecl(•ral
ngl'nC'il's for admin isl raliv p rx1wns<• incurn'd
in t he planning- nnd revil'wi11g of \\' PA projl'f't.;; _

In nddi t ion ,

,111 nppropriat io n o f $2.5, 000,000
wa.s m a d l' to t hl' Sec retary o f Ag ri ·ulture for
t h e su rp[u , conunod iti e prog ram.

Types of Projects

_\.II o f th e ER.\ aet s have p rc ifi ecl th e typ es
of proj ects for w hi c h a ppropria t cl fund mig h t
be u ed . Th e pr in c ip a l type h ave r emained
u nc hanged, but some add itio ns have b een mad e
fro m y ear to year . The act of 1942 autho ri zes
th e vYP \. t o operate all th e typ es of projects
.:;pec ifi ed in previou acts,3 incl uding proj ect
fo r t h e tra ining o f work ers for manual occupat ions in inclu s t ri <·s engage d in product ion for
nat ional defen se purposes. Tb.i s type of project was first a u t horized in th e Second D eficien cy Appropriation Ac t , 1940 , approved June
'27, 19--10 . It extends WPA activ it ies into a
field t hat is particu la rly importa nt in terms of
bot h t he labor ll l'eds o f lcf nse indu . tries a nd
t li e ret urn o f \\' PA worker to privaLe employm en t.
Cer ta i11 types of proj ects n,re sp rcifieally decla re l inelig ible in th e 1942 a c t , as t h ey w er e
in som e of t h e earlier acts. No t h eater proj ect
or p r oj ect s pon sor ed solely by the WPA may
be ope r ated. WPA fund s mn,y not be u s •cl for
t h<' <'st ah lishm ent or expansion of mi lls or facto r ies whic h proclu c ar ticle for sale in comp et itio n with exi t ing indus try; for th e m anufact u re, cons trnc t ion , or purchase of n aval
vt•;;s<· ls. annam l' nls, or muniti on s for military
;::il'<.· 11011 l ( bJ couta111s the followin g li s t of eligihle project t.ypes:
" H11?hways. road s. an d st rel'ts; public bu ildin gs; pa rk s, and other recrea1 1011al faril1lles. 111 cludi11 ~ huddmgs therein: 11u blic utilit ies; electri c
t r·1us m1ss ion and distrihuLJon lio s o r sys tems to serve persons in ru.raJ

treas. 1ncludm~ p rojectf-- sponsored bJ and fo r t he b n eflt of nonprofit

lnd coo prrath·e associa tions; sewer systems, water supply, and purifica tion '-YS t('ms , airport s anrl other transport ation facilities: facilities for
the trainmg of pe r-.o nncl in the operations and maintena nce of nir n avi-

ga tion and landing a rea facilities: flood co ntrol ; draina{.!e : ir rigation . in c ludin g projrets ~ponso red hy nonprofit irri ga tion companies or non profit lrriga uon a~soc1a11tirh o rga nized an d operating for commuo ity
henefi t; water co ns('rn1t1 011 , so tl conse rvation includin g projects s pon,ored by soil co nsen ·a ti o n districts an<! other bodies duly organized
nnder State la w for .,_01 \ e ros ion co ntrol and so il conse rvfltion, preferen ce
he m :r Q: 1ve 11 to project s \\ h1C"h will cont ri ll 11 tt' to tl.Je rehabilitation of
111dividua!-:. and a1111wrc•a-.:.r in the national in come: rorestatio a , r('fo rest,lfton . and other 1mnro,cmen 1.._ of forest a reas. i ncludin g rhe estab lis hment or fi re lanes. fi sh. ga me anrl othe r \\!lcllife co nserYnt1on. e radi ca•
rion of in"ect. plant. and fun gu~ pests; the production or lime and marl
ior re rtili z in c- -:.o il fo r di strihut1on to fa rmers under such co ndition s as
rnoy ht• dell•r1111ned. hy the s ponsors o f s uc h project~ under th e prov is ions
11f :4tAt L' la,\ , educallonal. profes'.- i01rnl. cle ric;;il, c ultural. recreational,
produc t ion, and ~e rdee prnjcc1 s. including- tra in io~ fo r man uni occu patw n-. rn rndu"t fle'.'.'- e nl!a~ed in production for national-defense purposes,
fo r nur,1111.! ·1nJ for do mes t ir ~e r v icei aid to self-he lp and cooperatiYC' assoC'i<\tion, fn r the bl'n{\fit

or need y pe rsons , and m1scellaneo11~ proje!'L"-."

LEGl SLATJT

J'Ho \ !SJON

or nayn,j force ; n or for work 011 pl'n:i.l or refonnn Lor_y in s tituti on , unk
th e Pres id ent
find tbn t t he proje ·t will not promot e Llw
compe titi o n of produ c t of corn·ic t lfl.hor with
produ c t of free la b or .
Th e ncl of 1942 also c·ontinU l'S n prol1ihition
again . L con Lru ction of an y building that wo ul d
r equi re more th an ' 100 ,000 f Fedc rn.l fund s.
This kind of r est rieti o n was fir t i11trocluc-ed in
th e ERA Act of I 9:39 , wl1id1 se t the 1rn1xirn um
p ermi s ihlc exp enditur<' of Fl'dern.l fund at
$52 ,000 for a F ederal and $50.000 for n. nonFederal bui ldin g. 1n t he ERA Act , fi sc- nl year
1941 , th e r estri ction was c- ntinu cd . hut was
raised to Lh e present limit of ·100.000 for h o tb
types of bu ild ings. B o th th e· 1942 nc- t nnd th a.t
of th e preceding ye nr p ermit ted th e exemption
from t his provi sion of proj etts certifi ed h)- Lh
ecr e tar y of War or th c Sec-re t fl ry of th e J n.y~as important for military or llflYfll purpose .
Exemp t ion wa a lso a u th orize<l for proj ec t
appr oved by th e Presid ent pri or to ~lay 16,
1940 ; project for whi cb an issu e of bond s ha d
b een n.pprov ed at an elect.ion h eld on or prior
to tha,l el ate; proj ects for whi ch a s tutl' k gislatur h a I m ad e an a ppropria tion on or prior to
t h at cla te; and projec ts for th e completion of
whi ·li fund s bad b een fl.ll oc fl tl'cl find irrcvoca b]~set fl sid under previo us em ercr0nf•y reli ef :i.pproprifl.l ion acts.
Sponsors' Participation in the Financing
of Projects

Althou gh s tate and locn.l pon so r of nonF ed er al WPA proj e Ls hflYe n.lways fi1rn.n ced a
con sid erable part of total proj ect costs, no
tatutory req uirement pertainin g to contrilrntion s by sp on sors h n.cl be('ll mad(' until 19:37.
Th e ERA act of tha t year includ ed :1 pr0Yisio 11
r equi rin g t h e sp on or to agr e in ,nit.ing ro
finan ce sud1 part of t.b e entire cost of th e pro ject as was not to be finan Tel from Fcder:il
fund . Thi prov ision was r e tflined in :1U subsequ -nt act . Th e act of 19:39 r equired tlrn t
the pon or fw·ni sh s uch p a.rt f th e pr oject
co t a th e Comm ission er of Work Projcct.s
d etermin ed was an adequat e contribution ,
taking in to consi lern t iou th e fowneia.l ability
of t h e pon sor. I t wn furth er , tipul nted in
thi flc-l t hat , for non-Fed e ral projects nppro,·ed

FOR T HE WPA PHO(;l{AM

11

on nncl :1fter ,J n.nunry l, 1940, the pon ors'
s h nre of t h e ' ntir co t of tl,11 s uch projects
<" :lrri(' I on within n.ny stnt<', Le ui lory, or pos,,,ss ion , or t he l)i s lri<.:t of Colu mbia, must
,l.Y('rage at lea l 2. p ercent . The act for th e
li , c nl yenr l 94 1 a nd 1942 cont inued th e sponso rs' proY is io n in Lhis form but a u th ori zed
(•xempti on from th e 25 p e rC-!'ll C l'l'q uircm en L in
the case of certified national dden c projceL
and of projects eOV<'r ing work necessary to
avert clanger to life, properly , or heal t h in
di :1 ter or gr ave cm ergeney.
A1 1oth er prov isio n th at Sl'l' Vl'S to eon trol
spon sors' conLribuLion i o ne lim itin g WPA
cxpcnd i tu r es for n on la bor purposes. Ini tiated
in th e ERA Ac t of 19:38, t his provi ion set th e
limit at a n average o f ·7 pl'r m on t h p er worker
during th e fo ll ow ing fisc a l year in ;Jny Late,
teni Lory, or p ossess ion , or t h e Di tri · t of
Co lu m bia. Sub equ ent acts con t inu ed this
J'('quirem ent , bu t r ed uce d t h e am oun t to $6
(C'xcep t Lbat if a n increase in material costs
occurred, th e Commissioner of Work Projects
was a u th orizecl to increa e th e average to $7).
In order not to hind er t h e operaLion of certifi ed
defC"n se project , which often r e 1uire high er
nonlabor out.Jays than oth er p ro jects, th e two
l:1ks t acts a u t h orized t h e use of Fede ral fund
for payment of nonlabor costs in excess of t h
sp ecifi ed limi ts; th e amount. of $50,000 ,000
nn d $45,000 ,000, resp ec tively, we re set asi cl
for thi s pmpose in tlw appropri:1 Lion s for fiscnl
yenrs 1941 and 1942.
Fede ral Agency Projects

Th· alloca tion o f WP .A fond s lo t.h er Fedeml
,1gcnci s for the p('rat ion of projects -imilar
to t h o c opel'aLed by t h e WPA wa a uth orized
hy th e ERA A c t of 19:38 and s ub 'eq uen t acts.
As th e tot.al a m o un t of th e WPA appropr iation
11·ns mad e ma il er in E•ach uccess ivc a,ct, th e
m:1x imum amount ,tul h ori zed fo r a,ll ocation by
t h e ommi ss ione r of Wo rk Project.s to oth e r
Federa l acren c1e was a lso reduc ed . From
$8 ',000 ,000 in th e ERA Act o f 1938, th e
:1mo unt aut.h ol' ize l for a.llocat,ion was c u t to
$60,000,000 in th e act of 19:39 , $44, 000 ,000 in
th e act for the fi scal y a r l 94 1, and $ ,500,000
in the 1942 ad . T h e 1942 ad specifi t' ' , in
addition, tlw t ,·:3,500,000 of t h e dcsigunled

REPORT O.\" P l:WGI{Et:,:,; OF T H E W P .\

:111101111( must go to tlw D (' frn rlm ent of Agric·1dt 11rc• for t hl' c·ontin ual ion during th P C' Hl c• nd,1 r
_, c•ur 19-1 1 of l'Xisti ng pr ojc-c l und r r i ts j uri--diC'i ion . Su('h c•a rnw rk ing " ·as not wri lll' n in to
e·:11-lit•r 1 cts. T h e in iti a l provision st ipula te·cl
that up to r., p(' I' ·<•nl of lh c am ount allocn tc•e l
to an,1 agrney eo ul d br use-cl for admini l n1li1•p
c·xpc• ns(•s. T h i. limi tation 1vas hangPd to
4 J)(' rcenl in th e foll owing ac ts, and lh r r('quin •nwnt t ba L a l le.1 st 90 per crnt of t lw p<•rsoJt-,
c•m ployrd on · ('tl<'h proje•c t m us t be (·(• rt if-i e•cl
relic·f pernon s was ndd c I .
Hours and Earnings

Sland,trds of li o11 rs nnd earnmgs or c-e rt if-il'cl
relic-I persons c• m plo.vl'd on 1YPA projc•d s li rn- e•
und l' rgon C' scn• ral ch an gl's during tb r co U1·sr of
th e progrnrn . A selwclulc of mo n thly ea rnings
11·as cs tnb lish c•d by t he P r esid ent und er th e
ERA Act of I 9:35, w hich proYicl ed for vari at ion
in mont hl y eam ings nccording lo (1) th e d rgr ce
of ski ll n •quirPd for thl' job to wbi cb th e wo rker
wn s assign ed ; (2) tlw geograp hica l r 'gion in
wh ic- h he wa s loe a trd ; an l (3) th e d egr ee of
urban iza t ion of t lw coun ty in whi eb be was
l'mployccl . l n th e E R A Ac t of 1939, Congr ess
clir<'c!C'd Lh e Commi ssioner of \Vor k P rojpd s
to rev ise th e p;i rn ings sd1 r clulc so tlrnl ll1 l'
mont hly rnl cs wou ld n o l Yary for wor kers of
t h e same ty pe in difl'Pr ent geographica l ar('a~
lo any g rC'atc r C'x lcn t th an was just ifi ed by
di fl't· n•n c-c·s in t he c-os t of liYing. This cost-ofli,·ing hns is was also inc.:o rpor ated in th <' ac t.;;
for thC' f-i scn l _1 c•nrs ]\)41 and 1942 .
Al tho ug h a sclH'clul e of m on thly ea rnings has
nhrn_1·s been in fo r ce', tlH' hourl)r rates of pay
and the n umb er of hours 11-o rkccl per mon t h
hav<• hc(']l moclific·d sc•n ral times. T li e E rL \
Act of rn:35 dirc'c·t<'d t hC' P n•si cl t'n t to rs ta hlislt
~uc h r:il f's of p,1_1· as wo uld "accomplis h t lw
p mposrs of thi s joint 1·c•sol11 tion , and not nfl'< •d
ad vr• rsc• ly or ot lH•1w isr• l<'nd to dcrrca. e· t he•
going ra(PS of 1n1gc•,.; paid for work of a sim ilnr
nnt11rc• .'' T lw 19:rn nc-t stat<'d more spccific·nll_·,
that tlH• "nt!C's of pny ... sha ll hr not [p,.;s t lt :111
the pn•n1i ling ratps of pay for 11·ork of n similar
nntu r<• a,; cl<'le•rmi1wcl by tbl' '\Yorks Progrc•s-.;
.\ dmini,.;( r,ition wit h the approYal of th1'
Pn•--iclcnl. " UndC'r this prO\-ision, thP numlwr
of hours to lw workPd prr month w:is cl<'l<'r7

PROW-t.\.\ l

mi r11'cl h_1· cl i,· id ing t lw sclwdu l d mon thly ea rn ill!!,'"' hy rlw pf'( ·n1iling hou rly wag<' rnl r. The
pn•,·11 ii 1m!: 11·age· pr inc·i pl<' wa rrt:i in cd in th e
11<·xt t ,rn E R.A ,1 cts. T lw l 9:39 ,H' t , how(•ver ,
--pe•,· ili e•cl t lw t all 1w rsons c·mp loy r d on pro jec ts
-;hot il d ,rn rk l :iO hours a m onth . , inc·c• th cmo n t Id_
,. earnings rcma i1wd fi xed , till' E' la hlis hm ,• 11 l of tmiform hour of wo rk had t he
l' fl' e•d nf a bo li sh ing th <' p reva iling wngc• prin ciple• . T h P l!):39 net 11lso pce ifi cd th a t th e h urs
nf wo rk .;;llOu ld not exc eed
ho ur, in any on e
cl ,1_,· . o r -!O ho urs in irn)r on e week . Th C' e
n'quirrm e·n ts had pr(•1·iousl.v been C'Sla bli s bed
b.,· ndmi11 is tra t i1·1• orcl t' r.
E xempt ions from th e seb ·d ulcd m ont bly
Piln tin~s ,1nd ho urs of 11·ork W(' r<' 11 u t hori zed
hy t lw E R ..\. •.\.e t or 19:39 for s up erv iso ry person
(' m plo_n d on wo rk p rojec t , fo r relief persons
11·it lt 110 depcnd Pn ts. to prot ect wo rk alread y
dollt' n u n project . to permi t m a king up lo t
t iml'. nncl in eases of em ergen cy invoh · ing th e
pu hli(' 11·<•lfare. Th r ac ts fo r th e fi cal y ar
10--l 1 and 19-!2 permi t th e fur th er exem ption
fr n111 t lwsr rc' qu irem r nts of projPct. certifi ed
h_,. t lw '-,ecTeta r_,· of \\·11 r o r t hr Sccretnr_v of th e
:-la v_v ,1s impo rtant fo r mili ta ry or n aval
pt I l'f)t)S('<;_
Em p lo y ment Provisions

Pro1·is ion s rl'gnrdi ng t he sel ection of pprsons
for ,1.;;s igrrnw nt to 'iY P . :-\. pro j<·e ts a nd th e eondit ions trnd cr which th ey nu1,y eonlinu in th eir
jobs h a H becom e more r e tri ctiv c an d let, il e l
\\'i l h 1•tt ·h E R A act.
T lw ,tct of 1935 author ized th e P r c-, id en t to
e•-; ta h Iis h rul es and r cg u l n t ion r egar d ing th e
c•mplo.nn ent of J) t'r sonn cl b ut gave no s pccifi
inst ru ct io ns. T he ne t of 1936 add ed to thi s
~e• 11 er;1I :iu tho riz:i t io n th e tip ulntion th at no
r1l1<' 11 ;; ill egally with in th e ni tcd S tate migh t
lw e·mplo:vecl on \YPA projects.
n dl'l' th e
1n:r, act. aliens who h ad not file d dce laratio n
nf inte n tio n to becom e c itizens wer e also ba rred
from ('llt pl o:nn cn t. T h e act of F C' bruary 4 ,
l !l:rn. mnk in g a rl fic iPnc~· approp ria t ion to th e
\ \' P.\ . ba n ned all alien from cmp lo)-m cn t a nd
r,·quirrd t hat all \YPA 11·o rk crs mu st make
,1 (li drn-it as to l nit ed t a tcs ciLizl'nship.
T lt e· ER _\ .\.ct of 1939. apprond on Jun r 30,
1<l:rn. prnltih it Pd tlw em pl o~·m cnt of 11nv 1w r on

LEG I SL.\ TI\.E PHU\

r:,;ro:-:

1d1 0 11d vora l rs. o r ,drn is a m c1nher of 1111 org1w izn t ion tk t l ndqicaks. th e on· r tl1t'\i11 of t h1•
l:n itc d
l ,t ll•, <1on•rnrn l' tlt t h ro ug h fon·1• or
violen ce. T l1 c nc l s fo r llll' fisc11 l yc11 rs l!l<± I
nnd l 942 co n t inu ed tl,is prov i ion a nd also
prohib ited th e empl oym en t of Comm unist-. and
m cmbl'l'S o f N 11zi l-3uncl org,1.11i zal io11 s.
An ord e r of prefer e nce to be fo ll m1 ed in
el ec t in g person s fo r assignm ent to WPJ. project was sp ec ifi ed for th e first t inw in Lh l' 1!-J:ri
net. Tbis net prnv id ed th at p rdl' n' n ec w11,s lo
be o- iven , fir t , to ,1·n r Yeter a ns 1d10 ll'er e c it izc n:an cl wer e in n eed ; seco nd , to o th e r Am eri can
cit ize n in n eed ; and thi r d , to a li e ns in n eed
wh o h a d cl ec lnr d th eir in te n ti o n o f bccom inµ:
c1t tze n . T l1c sam prov is ion 11·,1 - in clud ed in
th e act of 1988 . T h e 1939 act r equired , ho 11·ever , th at p r d1 ·n 'n cc sh ould h e d ete rniin ed nn
th e b n i of r ela tin' need a nd th at, w he n re lat ive n ee l ll'er e fo und to be th e sam e, vete ra ns
sh o uld b given p r ior ity over oth e r .'u n c ri c a n
ci t ize n , Ind ian ., ll nd oth er p crso us 0 11·i11 g- a lk gian ce to t h e nit ed S t ll t cs. T h is ord e r o f prdnence w as r esLal ed in th e ERA .Act. fiscal year
194 1, excep t tlrnt unm arr ied w id o ll's of Yl'tc ra n s
and w ive. of un employable veter an s ll'l' ['(' placl'd
in th e arn e cat (•gor ~T as veterans. T h e net fo r
th e fi scal year l 942. h ow ev er . r cn· r tcd to Llw
pol icy of giYin g n eed y veteran s firsl prefe re nce
in empl oy m en t, r egardless of t h e reln ti Ye needs
of otlw rs. a nd sp ec ified t he a pp lic:ttion o f t.h at
prefe r ence in som e d etail.
T h e ERA A c l of 193 7 introdu cl'd tl1 t• n·quin·m en t, sti]] in force , th a t no pe rson w h o rdu,;es
a bon a fid e o frn o f priYll l c o r o llwr pub lic
employ m ent proY id ing a d equ a t e comp e nsation
und er reaso na ble 1rorking co nd i t io ns m a.:v ht•
employed on :1 ·wp A proj ect. A ny IH' rc;o n wh o
acce p ts su ch p ri Yate or oth e r pub lic 1·mpl o~-m en t is en l iLkd , nt its ex pira t ion . lo ret u rn lo
a WPA job ii' h e i still in n eed a nd il' h e lo,;l ll11•
emp loym en t lh ro 11gh no fa ult of his 011·11 .
An a cldi t io 11 :1 I empl oym e n t pro1·ision. n1t1d P
for th e fi rst t inw in lh e l9: 9 ad , was th <· n·quin•men t thil t ll li relief w o r k t•rs, l'XC'\'()l 1·l'tcra11-...
who b a d bel' ll co n t in uously employ1•d 011 \\'P .\
pro jl•ct s l'or m o re th a n 1 mont h s. "houlcl lw
n•m ov<•d from em ploymen t. I t 1nb furt l1t•r
t ipul ,l l l' d lh al th esl' wo rkers sh ou ld not bt•
co ns idered Pl igih le for rcrm ploynH•nt until :1l't(•r
10 d ll,ys h ad exp ired and th eir diµ:ibilit~ - lrnd

FOH THE W P .I. PROGRAM

h1•< ·11 rl'C'C r l ifi<·d . Thi s proYision 11·11 s moclifiPd in
tl 1t· l 0<± I acl lo l'X<·mpt tlH· 1111 m11rri(•d 11·iclow.: .
of vdcrn ns and lh e ll'iYes of u1H•mployahle
1·dpn1 n ' , as ll'ell as tli e v<'lcnrn - l h enl ' 1•h·p- .
T h e I -mon t h p rovisio n ll'as fu rtlw r modified
in t lw acl for llH· fi,-,ca l y<•ar 1D-12, ll'h iC'h ,-; pccitit•d t h at pernon s wh o h n.ve been co11 Li11 uously
l'mp lo?ccl fo r 1 m onth s sh o ul d he 1-erno1•cd
fro m em ploym en t o nly in Lh e num lw rs n ecess,1ry t provi d e :j o bs fo r 1w rson s wh o li nvc bee n
Cl'rt if·i •(l as in n c ,(I a nd aw :1i Ling assig11 mcnl to
\Y P.A pro j ects fo r thn'c m o n t.h s or m or e. B lind
1w rso n, a l o w e 1·l· l' xemp ted from t h e 18-mo u th
prn,· i ion . a nd llw wai t in g pe ri od fo r re:-;lorntio n of clig- ihili ty fo r l'mp loym e n L was redl!ccd
to 20 cl ay -.
F r om t he o u tset , \YPA procl' du rc req u ired
Cl'l't ificat ion of a wo rkl'r 's 1iet·d by 11 local p ub liC'
r l'lief ngen cy as a condi t ion o f his eligibili ty for
pro ject emp loy m en t . T h is r l'q uirern cn t, howL' Ye r, w as n ol wri Ltell in to leg islat ion un t il t h e
E RA Act o f I 9:39 _ A prov is ion of t his act
stated t hat n o rel ief wo rk er mi g-h t be e mp loyed
un t il h is n eed for emp loym ent ha d bee n ce r tifie d by a local pub lic ce r t ify ing age n cy, o r b y
t h e WPA itse lf in places w her e n o local cr r l ifyin g age n cy ex isted or w h e re t he WP.A di d not
acce p t th e local ccrlificaLion . An oth er innovat io n of t h e l9: 9 a.ct wa t lw regu laL ion rl'q uiring
t h e \YPA to r eview , •ve ry , ix rnon Lhs, t lll· n l'ed
of ca ·h cer t ifi cl wo r k<• r l'rnp loyc d on a pro ject
,rn d to sep arate from cm ploynwn l a ny of t h ese
1w rson s not fo und to be in ,wed . The acts of
194 1 f1,nd 19<± ~ m odifi ed l he fr eq u (•rn ·y of n• 1· it' \1·
lo at least nn ·c cvl' ry J 2 m o nt h .
T lw E R A A ct o f th e fi sca l yea r 1942 con t inued in fo r ' emp loym en t pro v is ion . of earli er
net s r e 1uiring t l1at pro j l·<·L p l' rson1H•l s ha ll ,so for
as prncticablc, I e employed on p ro jl'ct. n c,t rest
t lw ir ho m es. t h at pe,-- ons em ploye d o n p ro ject"
m ust be cap abll' of 1w r fo nn in g snl isfoclo ril y the
wo rk lo w hic h th ey nn• nss ig 1ll•d , and t hat a
b lin d p e r"Oll may Le m po r:i. ril)' n' lin qu ish Social
St•('u ritY nid to Sl'l'l ll '<' \\'J>,\ emp loyment.

Othe r Provisions
l'crl,1in ot h er r equirenwnls concerning the
oper,1 tion of projrcts l h,1,L had been l'll,Wtrd in
p1·L•1·ious legis lal io11 1n•n • co11tinut'd by lbe 19-12
11\'t. T h esl' rd,ltl' Lo l lH• rent.ti of equipment,

REPORT O . PROC:RE:c-s OF THE W PA PROG R AM

r1•Yoh·ing funds . nwdi<',l l ,rnd hospiln l tan• for
\\"o rk l'lllllp 1•mploy1 •1•s, d is posil ioJl of n 'eeipt s
1111d <'OllcC'tions, disu.hi li t_,· an d deat h <·om p1•11,,,,1t,iou, prnp1•rly d :1m :tg<' cla im s, pu r cl1:lsl'
nmounting to ll's t h,rn .-:mo, a nd r t'imhursenw n l
of the F1•d1·rnl GoY<'rnment f r pr oj ect fumL
rnisnppli1·d b~· spo nsors.
ProYi si o ns !'('In ( ill g lo a d m in is tration nn d
su1w1Tisio 11 wh i('h 1ver e coJ1t i11 tH'd by tlw Ill' \\'

n ·t t0 Y1•r t h e :1t1t horily fo r pn' nibing rule a n d
n•gnlntion::-. th <· :1.p po intnw nl a nd compen . a ti on
of .1d m iJ1i tratiYe p ersmm cl, t he submis ion of
p<·ri odi c- r ep or ts to Congr s , t he prohibit.io11 of
politi C' il l ac t iYi ty of employees, th e coop er at,ion
of l hl' Commission er w-i tb th e var io us sta te and
lon1l gon•rnm l'nt in m eeting t h e un r mploynwnt problem . and th r prohibiti on of di . ('l'imin,1tion on acco un t of ra l'e, r pJig ion , or politi c;;.

NATIONAL DEFENSE WORK
the 1941 fis(·;1 l \"('Ill' l hC'
.\ dmini s trntion !incl 11PYrlop1·cl pl:rns for a " ·ell -roun<kd pl'og,.;im or
u dul wol'k on pl'ojert ' impol'ta nt lo l hl' 111 lio11:1I d!'fense. B)T t h. t t inw , ,; pl'('ial ll'gisl11 ti 1·l' pl'cn-ision . h nd hern m,1dr fo ,. it s p11l'lic· ip:1tion in t lw nalion:1 1 ddcn c ell'ol'l. ,rncl l hl' JHlrt
it w,1s to phi)· h:1d l cr11 \\'Ork<•d out. Th e
,YPA "·ns wdl qua li /-iecl by its pn·1·iou s .V<'H l'S of
op('l'11 ti ng 1'Xf)l'l'iPn c·c to engage• inn broad progr:1m or dd1•nsc· " ·o,.k . Th l' Ol'gani zn tion ,rn .
a lready func-tioning in c,-c,._v . tall' . f l \\':J S
onl_v ll<'<'l'S$:l l'Y fo,. the mili la ry :1nd n:w:1 I :1gt·n ci<•,-; lo dcs ig-Hnl t' th e p ccifi(' wol'k l hn l till'.\'
w1mll'd done . Th e vYPA co uld l hl' n clin•<·l llH•
labor of th e larg<' n·sc1Toi r of 1•m plo~·ahi<- hut
UJH'lllployed \\'Ol'kel'S into t il l' f)J'O Se('U( ion or
proj1•('(s u efu l to t he drfc•n st• <'fl'ol'l.
As a matt e,. or focl. 1YPA cl Pl'<•11 s1' wo,.k hnd
ren ll~- IH•l'n going on sine<' I !):~.5 . b<•<·n usp a
grl':ll d l'a l of ,vPA \\'Ork during t h!' f'i1·(' _n•:1 rs
pr<'c·c·cling t lw nntional cm1' l'gc'nc.1· \\·:i s :1 long
lirn•s JH>\\ l'!'!'Og11i zed :1s c•ss<•nlia l to n:1tio11:1I
pn•p:ll'l'cln es . Through 1YPA proj<•d s, rcrn cl s,
bu iId in gs, Sl'W!' I' nncl wa tcr s_vs l Prn s, nnd ot li t• f'
nrc•d ed foc ili ties W(' I'<' pro,·id ('cl ro,. rni li tn,y nml
11nnil l"l'Scr n1tio11 s. Pn1l'lic:1 1ly all t hl' wol' k
c·ornpll'tl'd nt C'ivi l ,ls well as mi lit:ll'y and 11:1n1l
flirpol't s contrihulcs lo a s tro ng<' ,. <k fl'n se, ,l s
do t he nrm ories, l'ifil' rtillf!"l'S, ,llld (':l lllp l':1C'iliti!'s
1·on sl ru cled for t he ?\ ,1tio11nl Cu:1J"d .
Somr indic,1tion or th e exlrnl of t hi. d<•f<•Hse
work 1rn1)· b1• d r ri YNI from tlw fod that ,lll <•sli mn t l'd loln I of con sicl ern bl~· mor1· l lwn .'·I00 ,000 ,000 in \\. PA Ullcl s ponso ,.s' fund s h:icl IH't'll
' pent during the period preYiou s to ,Jurn: :rn,
or
A \\·o,.k out,;1•(
Pl'oj1•cts
l

tli('

rn-10 , in prm·iding l':l<'ilitic•s for tlw .\ rm~ . XaYy,

~\1lio1rnl Gu:ird, nnd ( 'oa s t Gu,1nl nrnl on puhli cl)· ow1 wd nirport s. Thi figun· , of cou rse,
t Jl s olll y pnl'l or t h<' s tory , sin <·(• mueb o llwr
\\'PA 11·o rk, dmw fo,. communitiP. m many
parts of t h1· cou11lr_,·. is n " . cons idered of rcnl
importan<·1• for cld<•Jts<• purpose
Provisions Facilitating WPA
Defense Work

T lw pr01·i ion s m:1d!' hy C011 g l'<'SS to faci litate
use of t l1 c• \YP.\ org:1niz:1tion in t lt e progrnm of
nn tion:il defense \\'l' l' r contained in the Em erg<' lll'.Y !-{di d App ,.opriuli on Ael , fi sc- al year
I 9-11 , and it s . upplenwnt , Publi c R Psol11 tion
Xo . 9, 77t h Congrpss, ,lpproHd ~ l nreh l , Hl-11.
TlwsP pro,·i ion s g:1 H the Comm i. s ioner of
,rork Proj1•c·ts :wthorit_,. lo <•xempt dd1•nse
J)l'Oj<·c·l"' t hat t he St•<T<'lnr_y of ,r.1r or tll<• S, •cTcta ,y o r the X:wy c· prt if-it•d a. imporlnllt for
milil,ll'_Y or nanli purpo. <'. . from :1 numlier of
tlw s l:1t11tory lirnit:1tio11 s us ua lly ,l ppli('nbl e to
t lw OJ)l'l':l l ion of \\. PA proj ects.
Ou ls l:rndin g :nn ong llH' 1·c,s t ri ('( ions from
w l1i cl1 Cl' rtifi ecl dd<·ns<' projrd s m:i_v he <'Xt•mptc ·cl . wl1 l'll nec·<•ss:11-y to rxpedi!t• t lwi r opt·ration . is th e n'quir1•111e•11t that norm:ilf_y limit
1·x JH'1Hlitures or F<•cl< ·rnl 1'11ncl . ro,. nonl:1hor p11rposl's lo . G per mo11t li 1wr 11·orker. l~x<'mplion
from tl1i s pr0Yisio11 permit s t hP \\. PA lo at·<·t·pt
dPl'c·nst• project s thnt ,ln' t·onsid<'r!'cl suital>IP for
\Y P.\ 01wrntion hut " ·host' nonl:ihor eosl
<'XC'l'l'd th 1• reg-1ilar limit:1tion . TIH' J;; J-L \ ,Id
furthc·r p1·0 1·i<Jc.cl t 11 :ll IIJ) lo .'2.'i.(HHl,000 or tl1 l'
tolfil fund s apprnprial<•d c-ou lcl hP us<•d for
15

Hi

Fl.EPORT ff\.

PR()(:RE,·~ OF T H E WPA PRO ;R M

WPA workers renovot ed on o ld sani tr iuom bui ld i n g for
a pho tographic tra i nin g unit o f the Ai r Co rps

tlie c nonlabor purposes . This amo11nt s11pplements t l, e l'XJW1H lit111·('S reg11la rl~· :111t bor ized
fo r other th an labo r rnst s in tl1e prosl'c- ut ion of
c-<'rtificd project . The limit of t his ' pecia l fund
,m s la.L<' r irn-rea eel to $.50 .000.000 by Public
R esolution No. 9.
Th ad also perm its t h e exemp tio n of cer tified ddc•nse project from th e proYi sion th at
not more than t brC'l'-fourt hs of t he toLal cos ( of
all non- Ped eral projects a ppro n d after January
1, 19-!0 , in any s tate, may be pnid from Federa l
fund ; from tlw n ' qui rem ent prohibi ting th t•
construe-l ion by the \rP.A of an~· building ('Osting more than $100,000 in F ed era l fun ls; :md
from t lw t'stahli hNI hours of " ·o rk an d scltedul '
of m ont hl y en min gs, wb c· never thi s is conidered 1wcc sa ry.
Although any or all of the exem ption ar e
applicable to certified ddens<' projt'cts, the
exemption privilege lt as not been genera lly
applied. Only after rigid inspl'ction of projpct
app li cations, or upon siwc-ific request and jus tifi('ntion in th e f'ase of aetin· projl'ds. have any
of the usual requirements of proj<:'ct operat ion
bN·n waived. S1weia l admini s trntivr ord r rs .
issued by th e Commissioner to th e ffP A f-ield
offiet'S, providc,cJ d<,finitr inst n,ctions f r s ubmitting r eqm•sts for l'X('mptions nnd indic·atl'd
th<' eireumstarn·l'S under which the_Y ,rnuld he
grnntecl.
In addition lo bring elig ihlr for rwmplions
from the e t:ihlislwd pro<'edurPs. cerlif-ied d<•fc,nse projeds h,n-P !wen gin·n first prd'en•1t<·0
in operation on•r ol11Pr t~' prs of cl<•fl'nse work
as well ns o,·r r :111 nondd<·n s<' projPcts. In an
adrninistrnlin• onlc-r is;; tl<'d pnrly in ll1<• fi s('n l
:,ear, priori Ly 1m ' 0 Tanted for tlie operation of

C<' rlified ddense proj ects active at t hat time.
and it wa;; r0q uired th at a ll approved certi.fie l
dd<·n e pr jccts s houl l be placed in operation
,1s soon a po . iblc. Th order fur ther directed
tk1t s uch proj ect , ho uld be completed as
rapid ly as avai lable labor a nd maLcrial reso urce
,1·o ulcl perm it. Pri o rity in t bc assignment of
\\"Orke rs to ce rtifi ed d cfcn c projPc-ts wa r equired, and t he tat<•s w cr ' in ' tructcJ to w pend operations on oth r proj ec t. in instan ce
11·here s uffi cir nt ,rnrk<'rs wr r e not a,·ai lable for
t lw op ern t ion of ce r tified !l<-fense work in th e
sam e area.
Tot all WPA clef n se proj l•ct h ave been
certi/-iccl fo r xemp t ion and priority t reatment .
:d an_v proj ct, of importance in th e d efense
effo rt h a ,·e not required certifi cation. a ' t hey
eith er did not need exemp t ion from t he us ual
proc eclu res fo r s uccessful pro l'C u tion o r w r ·
not of direct co ncern to t he military agencie .
:.\Inn.v o f th e proj ects in th i- noncer tificcl category w er e d esign ed to assist t he d efcn e effor t ~
of agen ie other than th e mi lita ry ervices or
to providr urgently need ed fac ili tie for communities where conditions were o-reatly alte red
by t he inOu x of large n um bers of p erson to
HC\\" or enlarged militar_v cen te r
or de fense
inclwtrie . Th e work p erformed on WPA projC'cts req ul' tecl by sucb ommunit ies h as contr ibu ted mu ch to th e abso rption o f these udden
growths in population r es ulting from clefen e
act i vi tics.
Throu g-b th e cer tificat ion proces t hat ha
been estn blis hccl , t he Wa r and
av)· D epartmmls b an' large[~, d etermined the scope of
ff PA d efr nsc ::ictivit ics. Projects whi eh t hes ·
tT ice agencies h ave certi fi ecl as valuab le for
mil itary or nav::i l purpose. a re gi,· en fir t prefer<'nee in o pern t ion, to <'xpecl i te t heir complet ion.
Both agenc ies haYc indi cated pccific catego ries
of projects whi ch th ey consid er of m ajo r impo rtanc<' to t he defense progrnm. Th e li t dra1rn
up h_v tlw Secr eta ry of W ar included the fol1011"ing project groups:
- All proj cts spon or ed b:v th e War D eportm ent or its du ])' a uth ori zed offi cer which are
clPared b)' th e ·w ar D epartment in W a , J.i ington
in [l('C'Ordance 11-itb establi s hed pr
clure for
F'l'd!· rn l ag-<'H ·)· drarnnce.
- All proj<'el. for t he construdion or impron'ment of civ il airport,; ,d1ic-h have Ol'<'ll

17
ce rtifi ed o impo rtan t for milit11r_y purpose's or
at -it es whi ·Ji ar<' des ig nat C' d h_v tl1 c' \ r ar Dl'plHtment. \\' o rk esp eC' i11lly <ks i1 w l nt tlwsl'
it es inelucl es field improv em ent such as g rad ing, drainage, cons truction and c>:x lC' nsio n ol'
rww·a.vs, runway paving, and nig ht lig h t ing,
rnt h er than the co nst ru c tion of buildings nnd
h a ngar . (Th e r evision and c'xten sion of li s ts
of certified civil airport iLc' continu c'd at fr equ ent intervals throu ghout tlir fi sc11l :vear. )
- All proj ec ts for th e con s truction o r irn pron'm ent of acces roa d leadin g to military
po t , st ation s, o r con centrat ioH area s d l'sig-nated h_v th e \Yar D epar tm ent. l n F'cb rua ,y
1941, the Secr eta ry of \Var expand ed th e field
of acre s roa I wo rk to includ e work on roads
lea ding to in lu s tria l plants working- on contra t
ord rs for the War D epar tm en t.
- All projects for th e cons tnwtion or impro vr m ent of road fo rming a p a rt o f t he
natio1rnl st ra tegic road n r two rk a shown o n
map of tb e vVar D epartnwnt. (T he dl'tl'rrnin ation of the sp ec ifi c roads to be imp roved as a
part of thi s strat eg ic sy stem " ·as made a
r e pon sibili ty of t he Publi c- Road Admini. tratio n a nd r equired the eoop eration of th e• n iri ous
stat e hig hway d epartm ent s which o rdinarily
would act as spo nsors of th e proj eet. .)
- All project sp onso1w l by th e N<1t ional
Guard for the con t r ueti on or irnproY Pnwnt of
Iational Guard fae il itic's (<'XCL'pt t he eo nst ruet ion o f bui ldin g wh l'n' t he cos t from \\" PA
fund s ('XC<'<'ded $ J 00 ,000 ) .
- All projc,c-ts for t lw co ns truction o r im pr0 H nw11 l of R ese n ·c• Oflicers' Trainin g Co rp

fac-i lit ic·s wlH'r(' tl11 ' spo11. o r of the' projc'd
ag rt'ed to m ai 11 t,1i11 I ii (• fac· ility a fte r c·omp!Ptio11
(a l o with t hl' ('X<"(' J>ticrn of h11ildings costing
m o rl' tl1a11 .'J00,000 in \\' PA fund s).
- \JI proj l'c-ts apprond h:v t li l' L' . S. Publi c
H eal th Se 1TiCt', ponson'cl hy tall• o r lcwal
gon' rnment s, and loc-ak d in t hl' viC'iniL_v of
\"Var D eparLnw nl po ls, s tation s, and co nc·ent rn l ion a rcas. (For llH'S<' proj (•c·t , w hi c h
u un lly C-0 \'L'red co mmunity san it atio n work
and malaria and mosqu ito c·ontro l, t hl' surgeon
of lh l' apprnpri 11tl' corps arl'a o r d cpartnwnt wa
req11i rc·d to ee rli[~- t ha t th e \\'Ork wo11ld bl'
be11 ,•{i.c- i,1l to t he h ealth of troo ps s tationed in
t bl' \·ici nity. l
- A ll proj l'cls des ig nl'd to provid e o r improve
air mark ers on air lunc·s 1111d cla v mark t'rs 0 11
landin g a rt',lS, wlwrl' t hl' propose d work conformed lo peC' ifica Lions app roved b:v t he C ivil
Aeronautics .\. 11 t ho ri ty.
- Projects sponso red by the F ederal Com munica tion . Commi ss io n fo 1· wo rk in co nnection
wi t h it radi o m o nito ring sta tion .
Th e lis t submitt ed bv t he Sec rctn ry of t he avy
spl'c- ifiC'd tlw fo llo \\'ing catego ri es of work as of
outsta nding- irnp o rl a ncc,:
- All proje ·ts spo nso red by th e I avy
D epartm en t or it du]~- authori ze d oflic-t'rs.
- All projeds for tb e c-o nst ru c tion or im pron'rn c• nt of ai rports or n avn l t rnining fn c il ities.
- All bl' a ltli a nd sanitation projt'clsspo nsored
b_Y thl' s tnt e or loc-a l gcw1• 1·11me11t ngenc ies in
th e Yil'inil_\· f n,n ·,11 cs tahli slirn l' 11ts o r in

WPA workers gradin g on o re o between runwoys at o weste rn airport

1

HE l' OH'l

O.'\

PH< H,H ESS

loC":1t io 11s "h 1' rt' impo rt1111 t \\ Ork " ·a, IH' ing don e
for t h!' ~:l\ y .
All p rnj<'ds fo r t lw <·o n. t rn (' t ion or imJ)l'OYl'l11(' 11 t of ,-t r('('L, brid g('s, :in d hig hways
l<•a ding lo 11:1 Yal est a bli s lmw nt o r fo r t he
<·0 11s tn1 d ion of roncl s t ha t might h e c-on s id er ccl
o f importance in th e op er:lti on of th<·se (' tabIi llJl H'll lS .
Th PSl' C":1l <'gori l's of w o rk !'Omprisc·d t lw hulk of
\YP.\ ddl' ll S<' nC'l iYit il's d ming th e fi sc al year
endin g " · ith ,I Ltn e 19-!l.
Employment on Defense Projects

Ernpl o_vm c• nt on d eft.nse proj eC'L finan ced
with ·wPA fund rose s teacli]:\T durin g mo:,; t of
th e 1941 fi sc- al _year . In th e firs t mo nth (,July
1940) a n 1n·<• rage of a bout 22 ,000 p er so ns " ·c• re
empl o>·ed . H a p id expan sion of d e fen sl' ntti,· iti ('S in s ubs<'qu eut m onth brought the mo nth.l>T
an•rage to m o re th an t wice• thal fi g un•. or
4, i-. .000 , in F ebruary 1941. Durin g th l' r em:1ind c'r o f the fi scal >Tear, tot a l \YPA employm ent " ·as n •du eed a a r l' ult o f th<' ri s in g d ('mand for ,vorker in priYat e inclu s tr_v ,rnd the
lirnit l'd amount of fund s a,ailahl l' to th r
WPA . Th<• dec·-lin e in toUd \VPA l' mpJo_ymrnt
wa rdlec-l C'd in emplo)· nw n t on ddl'n . e proj<'CL. The r:t t<• o f d ecn •:1sr in the numhl' rs empJo>Tecl 011 d d<• n, l' pro je('L, hmn:'Yer, " ·as mu c-h
slo" ·e r th an tha t fo r th 1· J rog rnm as a " ·h o lr ,
inC'1' c· urt:iilnwnt of tlw prng rnm w:1s ,H·c·om . \ \ ]·. HAGE

T A ALE 1.

o,

\\' ]' \

1 AT! \ L

X1

~I BEH Of

PER,.,0:0.,-; E \I PLO Y ED

PROJH' T,-; .'t' BJEC'T TO LEG l . ox OTH ER PROJECTS
A'\U
E).. 1•. \I PT I ON S

I h . H ;:o.sE

DEs 1G:sN1En .\,-; OF D EFEl\SE h1 PORTAJ\" E
\ l ONT II Ll ,

Ju,

lWO Jt "N f~ 1941

Pn1Jects

~ l on th

Tot:d

ProJec.-1,
opernted
toy \\'P \

opera ted
hv other

t;edernl

1zenries. A
!!IHI

July
Au gu~t
Septemher
Ortnher
~o,·emher
December

~:ti.

hU:~

273,
'2tJi.
3:JH.
:!7 1,
113.

,114
075

fiil
2f,0
~;3

:!US. '2.1~1
'244. Iii:~
2fii, I t,()
310, filo.,'2
34fi, 3fih
3~fi. 714

n.3H
2'-. 901
'.!9. n25
2~. !11..,9
27. '--94
27. 159

1941
Ja nuary

150, ~fil

Fchrunry
J\ l arch

41,,,0;0

April

417. 77 5

47H. 14S

l\ l sy

11:J. li-lfi
IH( 21:l

June
A hn :1nc·t~d

h) al\ rw 1t 1n11

uf \\ P \ fund"

4'24 . 14g
4fl.1, 151
455, 51,1
42fi. l(J(I
414 , 1,,
4011. ~'- '.1

2h, 11:!

24. 01~
23,584
~I. 375
459
I' ;31

w,

OF T HE WPA PROG R A l\I

pli . h N I o. far ns pos ihl r throu g h r('(luC'tion in
11ondcfcn l ' type' of " ·ork. T lH' 1w rc·t•ntage of
\\' PA employmmt cleYot ed t cl efrn , <' " ·ork
_H th e h<'gint lwrdore continu ed to in er ea
e rcent of all
p
14
ly
on
,
ear
T
>
ning of th r fi sca l
l' projdrft•n
on
d
employ
\YPA worker w e re
inhad
rntio
i
lh
1
194
Pbruary
F
by
but
p('( s,
ut
abo
1941
e
Jun
B)·
('l'<'ll Sl'd to 26 p e rcent.
:rn p e r ·pnt of \YPA em1 lo)Tnwnt (an an•rage of
4 I H,000 p er on for the month ) 1n1 dcvokd to
ddense work.
A ddinit e patLern of con centrntion at th e
lra,tpg ic orn er and outpo ts of the country
lwconws vid nt wh en r nth , tal e' defense
pr j l'ct employment i con id en •d in n•latio n
to it total "\YPA cmplo_v rnent. Ha\\Taii , outp l of Pacifi c coas tal dcfen <', hnd llw la rg-l' t
proportion ( 0 p er ce nt) of i l. \YPA " ·ork C' r
t'n g-:1 ged in defen se ,rnrk at th<' PIHi of -Tunt' 1941 .
1n ~ l ain , at the extrem e north C'ns t C'Onw r of
th <' C'Ountry an l th e la s t lak e-of!' point f r air
lrnflie betwee n thi count1y and Europ e. 72
pert l'nt of th e employ es "T<'n ' t' ng,1gcd in d ef<'ll, t' work. In Pu erto Ri C"o , a ke)T point f
dden t' for the trnt egic Carihh enn and Pnnnm a
Cuna! arl'a , nearly 67 p e n· pnl of l lH' \YPA
emp lo_vnwnt wa on defen se p rojl'c-ts . Ddc·nse
J roj l'tL a lso a ·cotm t ecl for mon• I ltan 60 pl'rc·t' n I of th e progr,1m employml'nl in tlw Di s tri ct
of Columbia , the tates of \\\1s hi11 g lon , Florida ,
,rnd . outh 'arolina. and tb r \ ' irg in I sl,md .
On thl' otlwr hand , in uch inland . lclt e, ns
lowa .• \ rkan sa . and N rth nnd . 0 11th D,1kot a,
less than 10 J l' rcent of the \YP. \ P<' rso niw l 11·a 11·orkin g on dden e proj ec t . A s tnt1,'. pnrti ci1rntion in ddl'n, e " ·ork ha hl'r n inOu l' ll Cl'd to
11 g rl'nl t'xtent by its geographica l ituation nncl
Another
its importan(·l' to clefrn sc tnll<•gT
f:1dor has lwen the amount of military 01· nnntl
c·o1H·<'ntn1tion within the confi1ws o f tlw bite, .
i\ lo t of th 41 3,000 p e rsow rng ng(' I in d ef<'n sc• work at th e end of Jrnw I 941 Wl're workin g n projp ts operate I clirl'ct l)· h>T tlw \Y P_,\ _
' <'nrly 19 .00 , howev er, w e re workin g on pro jPC't Op (' rated b:y o th er F r cleraJ agenci l' bu t
fin:rn<· t•d h)T fund s alloca t ed to th em by \YP.-L
C e rtifi l' cl ddcn se proj ec t proYidPcl job for
240 ,000 of tlw d r fen se " ·orkn , and otlwr leproj N: t ernplo_v r d ll('nrl)· 173,000 p erfl'n
Ian>- of th e " ·ork<' r on c·Prtifi r d clrfen e
on .
proj C'c t oppra tC' d hY th e \,PA W<' re exl' mpted

HJ

NATIO.\' .\L DEFE.\' SE \\"O R K

from th e tandll rd limi tation s on hou r of work
and tot:11 m011thJy <'arnu1gs, Lil aecon lan <·e
11·ith tlw pro, ·isions of th e E RA act for lhe
fLen l yl'ar 1941.
The t)' Pl' of wo rk don e urnkr the WP A defrn t' prog ram duri11 g tlw l 94 1 fi sca l ye:ll' Wl'l'C
gl'n e ral l)r similar Lo it maj o r a('tiYitie du rin g
the fiye )·ears prcccd ing th e lldr nse e ffort, a Ithough a somew hat g rratrr empha sis h as bc l'n
placed on co n truction 11·ork und r r tb c defense
prog-ram .
on s tru clion projrcls p rovid ed jobs
for :3-+3,000, or fo ur ou t of fi ve p r r ons workin g
on <ldcnsc projec t finnn ced hy th e \YPA at t h
end of June 194 1. T lw r r nu1, u1u1g- 70,000 per. ow Wl'rr l'ngag-l'd in non Ol' truetion :ldi.Yiti<'
for ddrn e purpo cs.
The la rgr t hare o f th e wo rke r on clcfrn <'
project , a well as on th \,VPA p •·og rarn as a
\\·h olr, wer e emplO) cd in the con truction and
.unpr ovcm rnt of high ways, roa d , and t rcet .
, ome 152 ,000 prrson w er e engaged in t h is
type of work , 11e::trly 111,000 of th em on proj ects to build or improve portions of th e nationa l
tratcgic net\\"Ork of main or parallel traffi c
TOute . About 29 ,000 w er e wo rk.i.ng on ac er s
roa l to miJitar)· an d naYal c tnblishmcnts o r
to indu s trinl p lan ts of irnpo 1tm1el' to tl tl' \~Ta r
TABLE 2 . - X l - ~IBE I{ OF P8R f'ON:-; E~ t P I. OYED O N \\'P A
D EFEx,-.i,; PR OJlsC T P. St BJECT TO L is c:t sLA TJ\' ts ExE ~tPTr ox,; .~:--o oi,; 0Tt1 E R PROJ E Ts D Es t G:--.,TEIJ .\S
OF D1,; FEKSE
btP OR'l' A 'CE,
RY
~I.u oR TYP E
OF
PROJ ECT AND BY ExE .\ I PTT N 8T A'ITS

Total
Di,bum or Operat1nn!-

Ui ~hways, roads. and s treets

Public huilding:s
Recreational f:1cilities

fe\C luding:

huilrlm~s)

=11=·•=,;=11=l=="=·3=9,=9=''

1,n.n.'i:i

I9&.fi32

113,n:i~

J.i:?. OOH
fi2. 139

40,h l3

Ill, lll3

58. 123

:t,i lfi

Hit!
16, ,'i:!S

•) II\

:!, lili

Puhliely owned oro pt.•rated u 1i h11es
A !rpo , ls a nd air way s

Con~e n ·at ion
Hanitation
Engi neering ::;ur Yevs

Other

1a 12.2uo

·

Di\·1s10n of Community ~en1ce Prot!"rams
PuhliC' ftCll\ 1t ie"

Resear ·h and records
\\' elfare
Other

X :llio nal defense ,ocat ionn l

:n,M,4
ii. :1:,2
'.!. 7-tb
:?, :)fifi
:?. :~27

11,: 019
U~,\ 1J;;
:.?. :{,lfi
I,

211

I, llfi

11. tl21

to, I lf1

I, lifi

:tl. t4 I

I, l Iii

1:.?.fi l '-1
12,232

4,20.'i

,, 243

:w,

tra1111n.(!

6

:2 10

I=
Is

Ii
/',,Ii

12, 113()
i, 9:17
~.1%
2:!2

3fi, 9 10

. -'Projects\\ hi_rh ma) l>t• P\.emplt'd from lt•L!bl:HI\ l~ p10Ybinns n1 ~:1rd1Uf.? co~ t or hmlrlmcs. hours or work, e,lrninc:-.. nonhhor rosts, or sponsors'
Iund s

CHART

1

PERCENTAGE OF WPA WOR KERS EMPLOYED ON
DEFENSE PROJECTS *
JU LY 1940 - JUNE

1941

PCRC[NT

PEAC [NT

JO

• Based on a vera 1 e mon th ly emplo~menl on
prolec:tt f inanced ,.. ,th WP._ fund$ ,

defense p,olects and •II

or 1 fW). D cpartmcn t . The balance of t h<•
higlnrn :v r mpl oyee (12,000 p e r on ) were prrformi11 g work on roll cl s inside military and
naval reservations or wr r e d o ing d cfcn e hig hway work of a misce ll a1wou s eliaratl er .
Project for work at civil , mi litar y , and n aval
airport refl ect more clcf-in itc ly t h an any oth r
type o f WP .A work t he empbn s is placed on
d efr n r obj ecti,·cs during t h e 1941 fi sca l year .
Thi s kind of wo rk prov ided jobs f r ome 71 ,000
per ons at t h e end of ,J Wle 194 1, more th an
three t im rs th e numb er so empl oyed a year
ell rlie r, despite the gr nernl decl ine in total
emp loyme n t. Proj ect for t hr con stru ction of
bui ldings, largely at th e n ew milil:1ry and n aval
con ce n tration ce nter e tabli s lwd during the
yrar , mployed tl1 e r n ·i ·cs of 62,000 WP.\
workl'rs; a n d those pro,·icling p11hli c utiliti es,
such as watr r upply a n d srwage di sposal systems, account ed for nt'arly 35,000 of th e <lefrnse
work<' rs . Land , watr r , and other types of conSL'ITaLion work; d c,·rlopment of recr eationttl
fn ciliti1's ; 1111 l oth e r types of cons tru c tion work
wen' t> mployin g lb c r ernaind r r of l hl' workc'rs on
defen se' projPc ts in th e cons truction firlcl ,1,t
l lw rlose of t br fi s<"n l )' ea r.
Th r \Y PA ha a lso pro,·id ed a YMirty of serviC"e out idc t h e eons Lruetion fi eld Lhat contribu te dirl'ctl_Y to <ld<•nsc. For commu •1i ti adjacent to mi li ta.1y and 1rnYal trni11ing ente rs,
whn'-<' norm,11 faC"ilitil'S were inad equate to co pr
,\·ith l hl' IH'c<ls of large numb<'!' of o ldi er , Lh c

20

HEPOH'I

01\ PH(H,HE8~ ()}'

\\' PA lrn s proYicl rd Pnt1·rtninml'nl nnd r ecr eationnl fn('iliti1•s . ~imil:irly . th1•. 1· 1·ommunitie,
as lhl' ddPn 1· prognim dt•\ vlo1wd . ,,.<' r dl'luged
with n'(Jlll'sts for rt'corcll'd inform11 tion of Ya ri o us kind s far beyond th 1,ir 11 o r1nal tll pacity and
abi lity Lo prepare . Cons<•(jU<'nLly , th e \\"l A
hm, <'rnp loyed rec r ea tional ,,·or k<' r , libra ri ans,
mu s i('inn., Lead1rr , ,nil<•rs. :lrli, l . resear t h
work<'r , n 'c·o rcl ·lerks, and many o th pr types
of prnfes.:;ionn I nnd clerical \\ orkrr~ t,o proYid
th<' a , sis tann' requirl'd in th1• <' c·ommunities
and in tlw military tenll'r lhem. l' h·e .
At t h <' <'lld o l the fi st nl yell!'. n total of more
th an :~:3 ,000 1w r sons 1,·1·n' t'ngag<'d in the Yario u
comn1tmity <' r vice adi 1· iti<'s thi1t an• important
to lu ll d <'H io pment of t lw nnliona l defense
fl'orl. In a ddition, per on r m pl o~·ed on th<'
naLi on it l ddt'l1Sl' n>C'a tionn.1 (mining projec t
(dc,sniht•d in ,mother s1•< ·tion of thi s repo rt ) nre
includ Pd in the· total of \\. P .\. workrrs <'ngagl'd
in d d(• ns1• ,,·ork ou t si de t l1 r rnnstnH'tion fi,,Jd .

I !IE

\\. PA PROGRA i

X l'il. rl y :37,000 person s were r mpl Y<'cl on tbi
proj t'd 11t the ('Jld of June 1941. Of t hi numher, :3 .5,000 wr rr h ,in g trainrd for oc ·upation
11<'<'d<'d in ddPn sp induslrir . a nd 2,000 wern
empl oyed in othl'r capaciLies on t lw proj ct.

Project Activities and Accomplishments
WPA pr jects, initiated with Lhe major
obj C'liw o f providing jobs for unempl yed
,,·orkrrs, h nve resu l ted in a 1' a r iety f tangi ble a ·romplis hm rnt in t he form of faciliti es
t 1·y a nd by other
nerd d b)' the Army and
E ve n during th e year,
defen se age nc ies.
previou , lo th nn,tional d e fe ns pr gr a m , much
" ' PA 11• rk was don e at t he d irect r qur t of
t hrsr :1 genc ie .
:-;;o m r o f th e varied a cco rn plislt rn e n t that
11:wr resu lt ed from proje t 1rnrk o f the kind ,
now recognized as importan t for defcn . e purumm ari zecl in t he accom panyin g
pos s a r
ta bl e a nd cl cribed bri efl y in t he parn grnph
lh a t fo llow . 1 Th se item o f acco mpli lrn1 ent,
l1 owrvr r , I y n m ean m ea ure th total co ntri1,ution l haL \:\' PA proj ec t work h a , m a d e to the
11:1 Lio n al d efen se. T h ey in clude o nly wor k for
ational
l li r Army , avy, Coat Guard , and
(;mwd (except for w ork al c ivi l :1irports).
a nd cover only a few of the mnny :ind Yaried
f:1r ilili s lhnt wC'l'e completed for t he agencies
dming the , ix~· ar s end in g with Jun e I 941.

Facilities at Military and Naval Establishments

Proj<·d wo r k don e und<'r t hr WPA program
lw s indud C'd Lhr improVl'nwnt of fae ilit ir or
t lw c•x tC' ns io n o f <'ITices at mo t of th<' mil itary
1111d mwal <'S lab lis hm ents in t h<' U ni t<' d ' tatrs .
. \.l som C(' n il'r t h e w ork ha bren <'XtC'n iYe
:rn cl ha, indud<' d many kind of building and
f:wi lili <' . At th r r s t h e Sl'n-ic<' agt' n c irs b an
do n<' a g r eat d ea l of improvt'nwnt work them ..,<' ln , a nd WPA proje c t activitir ha w been
('o nfin r d to a few facili t ir u ch a ta rgd range ,
hu ilding , or roads. Wor k for th e National
(;unrd nncl t lH' Coa t Guard i c ha rn cL<' rizr I by
t lH• s11m <' kind , o f va r iation in cop and Lype .
N ew na val recruit s at an 1nduct1an center whic h wa s built b y
WPA workers

\ t uc-h or Lb dc·script h·e detail orig innlly planned ror inclu sion in
rh1~ :-,t•c·tion bas been omitted in order to avoid disclosun• or military
1nforma t1 on.

21
\ro rk (' Olllpld <'d tl1roug- h \YP.\ proj< ·<·t-; during tlw ~ix .Hars (' nding with ,Ju rw 19-11 irwhrd <• d
tlw f'O n,- tructio n of more th,ui :3,200 11<'" - building. irnd llw n•noYati on o r (• nl a rg<· rn c rll of
rwnrly 14.700 others. \YPA workns .1lso con s trucll'd about 100 new uti lity p lnnt s and im proved . om<' 150 ot lwr . S<·,rn ge nnd 11·,l11 ·1·
treatnwnt plants, hea ting planLs, nnd pumpin g
TA B LE

Ac<·o.,1 -

3.

S1cLE C"l'ED
IT E ~rn
o ,,
PrrY S I CAL
OJ\: DE~' E ' SE C'oNSTlll (" I I ON P no.r ls( ' T >'
J' E B ATED BY \Y A

l't.1 s11 ~1l,.l\T

p

( 0'\"11XENTAL \'' NJTbl) :,,_TATES

One of t he new Novy hospit al buildin gs
d uring construction
Xurnht•r

Item

R eco □-

Unit o r

measuremeot

Nt'" c-oo- Addi- '..stn1~tion
stru c-tinn

g~<!!~.~

I tion s

m rnt

-----1--- --- Bulldm ~s (o th r r th an utility pJ'lnts a nd Rirpc1rl
burldi n ~s)
Atlm ini'-l r8t1 v"
□ o.s fHta J -.; a nd infi rw:u 1(•,;;

___________ _

N u mbf' r ____ _

3. 245

347

1\4

20

44 5

41

,ry

4 53
270

49
47

2.10
l , 9'.?1
437

N umbe r_ ___ ::
Turnbn _ _____

34
65
447

51
5

2s,;
4,20 1
2. 10,1

N umhc r_ _
N umbe r ___ :::
N um ber _

I. 2.,1

53
20
79

~. HJl

. run:ber ____ __

N u mbe r_ __

-~ rm ori r ,;;

N u mber _ ___ ::

_

N umber ___

Elect r ic powe r plants _

\V nte r

fr PR tm r nt

plan,,

I. 002
2/5

--- ----i
153
% ,
--s
I
20

____ __

Kum he r ___

1nrioernwr planI 3_ ___ _ Numbe r ____ ::
Tumher
H ea t ing plants
Pumpinrr statlOn s _
nniber -=====
.. c v.·'l~e treatmen t

plants

IJ

5rg
52

N umber _ _ --

trti lit) pl'lnts

I 1. 324

- - - - -- - - -

umbe r ______

!: 1orage _________ _

Equipment mainten" nee s hops __
Omr-ers' res:1clcnccs
Brirrarks __
Din inr;
hnlls, mess
lmlts, r te
B ar ns nnd st~blc5 __
01hc r

-

6
4
49

13
18
~I

Number_ ___ _

23

14

Numbe r ______

6

=

7

! = ==

fACII JTIE~ AT A l RPORT~ A ND
1 .4. '\"l'I X<: A REAS

Landing fl r lrl s. __

N umber _
Area in acres

L e ngth
fJ rgn-t ype , urfare _

Lo,, -typr , urrnce

Airport huildin1,:s
Admm1 ~trat1\"e

trrmmal.
nanca rs
Orho r

in

re,•t

Lengt h in feet
L engt h in fee t
N umbe r

222
28, l iR

6
4, IG5

:ifiO
59,25 1

I====
2,604,000

1. or3. noo
r. 001 . 000

_

A

805. oon

'

37r..

A

ooo

4?(1, 000

I===
._ ~H
93
1-----·

l. li2 1

'l ad

K u mher
'I\Tumhrr

1%

22
15

Xumber

5h0

fli

Landing a reas floodlighted Kumhe r
Roundn r y tight s ________ _ -umber
or
li~h( ~tanda rci s
Seapla,w hnse5
________ _ NumhC' r
Seaptan!' ram ps and landmg platronns
Numhn

111

iU

Ii

JO. \/20
8

2. 240

5

211

AIRWA 1 rAC ILITIES

A in\ n j mn rk,· r.s
Ai rw ny hrnc·m1<,;

A

l nclucfrs , urfarin~.

Numher

II , i29

umhcr

i4

3, 349
15

s tation ,n,n· :1111<rn!! t h<· kind . of plants on
" -lii <: h " -ork ,rn ~ t·ornp ldl'd. l n additi on , many
miles of \\-atn mnin s and ewl' r linl' " ·e n• rnsta ll ed , and otlil'r uti lit.,· e 111ipnwnt wa s proYid ecl for t he we of till' armed fo r<:es.
:i\Iuch of tl1t' work ,n1 unclert:1 kv11 a s part of
genera l impron-m e11t program that includ(' cl
mos t of th e faci lit il's of :1 mi li tary post or naYa l
base and sonwti m es co n'red ni l th e cldl' nsc
es tabli h m ent s of an ('nti r c ar ea. \\' PA rnode1·11izat ion work aL :1rmy ca mps h:1 s g re:1tly
enla rgwl th eir cnpncity tlr rou gh t he ('On:; tru ction
or n •110Yatio11 of nwss h.1 11 , bnrrn c ks, ofli<: l' rs'
quarters , . choo l bui ldin g, , .rnd o th er s tnrclures ,
.rnd th e in st:1 1!:1 tion of sewer , wn U•r. ,llld po ,q,r
lin es :ind o t her utilitie . Fncilities proYickd at
n:1,·al n 'Sl'tTntion s hnYe r:1ng<·d from quartvrs
ancl recre:1ti 11 hui ldi11 gs for o fl-ie ers nnd rnt·n
to docks, rai lroad spur and shipbui ldin g and
repall' facilitie s _ lmpron' ments to Sl'turity
prpeaution a rrnn g l' nw11Ls, s uch 11 s nl:1rm sy sll'm , fcn c('S, nnd Sl'nlry hou "es, h n n· a lso been
made by \YP A workers.
Among tlw mos t impmtnnl typvs of s tru cLure t'n 'c ted n t military and naval ps tnblishnwnt s are hosp ital s and infirnHni c's.
\\'PA
workers compkkcl thP cons trn ct ion o r irnpron•ml'nt of more than 300 s uch building dmin g
the ix-.vc•ar 1w ri od of open1 ti o11s. 011<· gro up
of buildings under constru li on during tl w fi sc al
y ear 1941 at :m import:111t naYal bn se "-n d esig1w d to med both llw growi11 g d Pmnnd for
lwcl , pace nnd tlw ll('('d for irnpro,·t' d tn•:1tnwnt
fncilitie _ Th l' projt•C'l \\'Ork irn-oln's liH' ('on s lruC't ion of st•n•nd firP -proo f s tnl('tttn •s nround
a CL'lllrnl <·ot11·t. .\ n ndmini ,; t rntio n buildin g to

22

REPORT OS

PROG HE,,

This han gar was con structed by WPA work e rs

hou se the ollicc , laboratories, and lhl' surgical
dqrnrtn,cnt and a subsistence building with
mess facilitie s and the power plant nrc included
ns well as a numb er of clinic and ward buildin gs and qunrt cr for nursc'S and for officers.
l'lfodcrn rnilitar.v and ll:l Yal reser vations rcq11 ire numt'rOltS types of training facili tics,
many of which ban- been pro,-idecl tbrn11 gli
\\'PA projec t . Large area ban been clean•d
nnd drained for mnn cuvcr grounds and targ1·t
rnngcs of various kind s ba,·c been eons tn1cted
n nd mockrni zrd. Among these was an an ti tank
range to br u eel in th e training of antitnnk
gunner- at one of th e Army ' re cn -ation .
vVPA worker cleared bru sh and trees from
many acres and cons ln1ctrcl a narro"·-gm1 gL'
r:i ilro ad on r a cl <'P ra,·i1w on a high trestll' bu ill
l,n gd)· ,,·ilh the elP,,rC' d timber . Tlw railroad

OF THE WPA PROGRAlvl

ca rri e g ra,·it)·-propellccl cars hearino- target
tlrnt simulate ti)(' mo,·erne nt of tartks in modern
,rnrfan•. .,-\.t th e same re cn -ation. WPA
" ·orkc-r reconcliti01wd an old rifle ran e, roofing
the pit at th rifle butt , imJWOYing drainage ,
and modc•rni zing the target elevator , target
bon rd s, and co ring lwnc hc .
Proj c•ct work tmclcrtaJu,n for the Army in
connection with tllC' clcvel pmcnt of one of its
Air Corps training cen tcr i typical, ~• t least
in it varic ty , of \YP A work f r the armed
forces. Building hav been con tructrd , utilities installc-d , and ln ncling field dc1·dopc'cl at
thre e unit of the cen ter . At the -pc ial
pur, uil chool where cconclary trainin g i gi,-en
to pursuit pilots, mess hall , barrack , rl'creation buil ling , warehouses, and other buildings
were under con truction du1ing the 1941 fiscal
yea r .
imilar improvements have been made
at the bn sic training sch ool. \VP.A work in
both place has included clearing, grading,
draining , and othl'r general i.Inprovcnwnt to
the landing fi elds; in s ta llation of water, electric,
ancl gas distribution ystems; and the con truction of road , street , and sicle,rnlk . At the
lwnclquartcr nncl aclvnncccl training school of
the cc n ter, the work i a continuation of an
rxten ive ·on struction program that ha hccn
carried on with the help of WPA projects for
a numb er of years. R ecent work includes the
con stru ction of additional buildings, improvenwn t of th e lnnding fidd . and l velopment of
a numlw r of ::iuxili,11·y bndin g fi eld s in area
adja c:e 11 t to th e cent er.

Rifle ra n ges buil t by WPA worke rs are in use at many training cent e rs

23

NATI0 1 AL DEFE NSE W ORK

CHART 2

AIRPORTS CONSTRUCTED OR IMPROVED BY WPA
Through June 30, 194 1

..

.
WPA4029

A:rmori e , airports, and camp fa cilitie for
ational Guard unit an l trainin g facilities for
the Reserve Officers Training Corps ar e al o includ ed among the proje t undertaken by WP.A
worker . Work clone at ational Guard camp
has been imilar to the general improvern enLs
made at army post . Mi ny of the arrn orie and
airport buildings are les igned to erve community a well as mili tary purpo es. A large
hangar for a N al i nal Guard observatio n
quaclron in the Miclcll We t wa s nearino- com pleLion al th e encl of the 194 l fi sca l year. I t
ha aclclilion on eith er icle of the hangar area
that con ta,in careta ker ' 1uarters, gai\tge, ho p,
boiler room , clas room , offices, :rncl locker a nd
else siJ1 g room for offic r. and euli ted personnel. Wh n it is no longer ne ded for mili lar_\·
purpo e , th e coun ty ornmis' ion er , who 11 r e
pon 01-i.ng t he proj ect and helpin g to fmanc·r
it, p lan to use t he buil lin g as 11 wnrel1 ou e a 11d
hop for counLy road machinery .

Facilitie for unit of t he ROTC were bein g
constru cted throu gh WP.A proj ects a t a num her
f
lleges and universities cllll'ing the 1941
f-i cal year . Among these was a new building
whi ch will provide a drill hall and office for Lhe
large volun teer unit of an eastern co llege. A
miJitary cience building was also under co nstru cLion for the ROTC trainees at a middle
wes tern university; one section of this buildin g
will house offices and la boratori es and t he ot her
will in lucle demon stra,tion rooms, re pair shops,
and a riHe range. To help provide t he airpor t
fa iliti es r eq uired for ROTC pilot trn,inin g
activities, WP.A workers were enlargin g nn
ROTC aiTpor t at a outhern in tituti on :111cl
exte nding it facilities through a project
certifi ed a important for defen e purposes.
PreY ious vVPA work at thi s airport had in clud ed t he eonsLruction of a hangar a, nd impro,·em enl of runw:l_vt-\. Cuxrenl ncL i iLie,
involve Lhe co ns trucLion of shop a nd a boiler

2--1

REPORT O

PROGRE

OF 'l'HE WPA PROGRAl'1

ramp , air I a e , naval tation , irnd in adjacent
are,1s. ThC' malnria control proj l wh ich the
\YP.\ ha. operated for the past ix year. have
in
h n important f:1rt01 in the s lunp le Jin
the inC'ide11r e of malaria t hat have b en reportC'cl in :1 number of region . \\'PA malaria
ro nlrol arlivitie i11clud e penrnrncnt measure ,
s 11rh as the construction of drai11nge chan11el
and luternl ditchC' , remoYal of undergrowth and
lr cs th:1t impede clJ·ainage, and other work to
eliminalr breeding plare:,:;. ThC'y a l o include
trmponuy mea ure , uch as the -preatling of
ln1Tirid
Construction of should e rs on an access rood
being done by WPA workers

Work on Civil Airports

hou se, i nsl:1ll :1 lion of sc\\':1gc d is po al facili lies,
and fi Id drainage 1rnrk .
To prolcct th e h ealth of lhe olcli cr and
ailor i11 lraini11g ureas , \YPA malaria control
projecL were undertaken in a number of tales
and Puerto Ri co during the fiscal y ar 1941.
Th e \YPA i, cooperating with lhe .A.1'111)7 , 'a,"_V .
l 1 niled ~l:1les Public I-lcalth . 1Tice, and t:1te
and lori1l health :1uthoriliC's in lh ir c:1mpmgn
lo C' limirrnt e rn:1luri:1l mo. q11it e. :1t army

WPA work e rs built thrs " sobota9e " fence

\\'PA 11<:•fen e work in th e field of airport
dr,·elopmrnt ha not been limited to t he contrnrtion of landing field s for t he Army and
XnYy r to the e:-..--pan ion of farilitie a t exi ting
mi litary and na,Tal airport . It ha al o induel d rxtrn . i,· improYement at i,'il airport
in nil . e ·lion of the cou ntry . \\1iate,·er the
original objective of the airport 11·ork, it i con. idrrrd important for defen e purpo e if it bas
re. ulted in landing field and ground facilitie
thn.t can he used in the movem en t of ai r force ,
l he ronc<'ntration of aircraft in . trn.tegir areas,
or the trnining of personnel for the air arm of
t he military and naYal servi ce .
T o pnwick landi.ng fields capnblr of n•ceiving
modern military aircraft, \YPA projert certifi1•d by the \\'ar Department a <.' ' C'ntial to
11:1 tionnl dden (' wer e carried on at many airport in 1111 part of th<.' country during the 1941
f-i srn l ye:i r. B<.' ide the con truction of new
lon g runway , the work at the e ai rport u uaily
invoh·cs rkar in g, grubbi ng, c•xca ,·nting , nnd
g rad i.ng; th e in sta llu tion of drain age farili tie ;
and t lw <.•xtt,n - ion of lightin g y tern . In
:1ddition , f:irilities for ervicing plant• on the
g round hn 1·(• hl'<.' n impr Yed through the con' trnction or n•no,·ation of han gn rs, repair and
mac hin e shop , administration buildings, and
oth<.•r trndLLl'l' .
Accomplishment on \YPA airport project
nt civ il , mili Lary, and naval airpo rts during the
s ix ) ' l':1 1' ending with ,Jun r 19+ I inC'l11dcd thr
d1·nlopnwnt of about 220 new airport:,:; nnd th e
impro1·(·m1•nt or <.· nlargenwn t of nearly tll'ice
tha Lnumber. In the same period \Y .P \. worker

ATI

AL DEFEXi-iE \\' OR K

WP A workers building an a ccess road to air bas e

buil t some 2,600,000 feet (about 500 mile ) o f
n ew rnnways, n early two-third of whirli h:id
They a l o com pie Led
high-typ e urfacing.
about 900 n ew airport buildings amon g which
were nearly 200 h angars and more tlrn n I 00
admini stration buildings. In add ition , larg<'
num bcr of exi tin g airport bu ilei i_ngs were
r enovated or enlarged and many airport fae iliti c of oLht' r type wer e improved. A ltogd lwr.
WPA airport project ba,·c hN' ll uncl l' rt aken
at 760 diffl'rl'nt s it es throughout th e co untry.
Access Roads, Strategic Highways, and Other
Transportation Facilities

military anti nava l n'scrvaAccess road
tion and Lo indu strial Cl' nll' r::; al'l' l'ssc ntia l to
effcctiv<' nation a l dcfrn c, a, an' nl so l lH' s trat<'gic b igh ways that eonn<•ct imp ortant <"<' 11l<•r .
In rceognition of thi s fart th e Arm)· nnd a,·y
have desig n a led l'n>ral hundred it<'- of \YP \.
road projec t as important for dcfrn e purpo P .
vVork on su ch proje c t i s imilar lo that do1w
on road all on'r the country during llw , ix
year that the program ha bee n in opc rnli on ,
and the a ·compli hment in thi s field 1HP in cluded in the total of mort' than 600 ,000 mile.
of all kind of road ·ons tnwtion and irnprovl'-

nwnt that wcrr completed by WPA work ers
lming tha t p eri od. New road s arl' !w ing built
in undl'vdoped se ctions; some of t hem arc harclurfa ·eel highway and others an• temporary
gran l- urfacccl roads built to ex--µl' d i tc ca mp
or indu trial cons truction. Exi s Ling road are
bl'ing widened , drained , and r esu rfaeed, and
ity trN' ts arc !wing similarly impron-d to
handl e thl' beaY~ traffic that mov<' lo and from
camp and indu s trial ·e nkr . Al o includ ed
in clefl'n <' roa d " ·ork an• tbl' irnpro,·pm ents
bPing m ade to m,lin and paralld roULl'S of th e
s trn tl'gic biglnrny n<'twork to spcl'd up th e
m onnwnt of both rniliLary and eonrnwrcial
traffi c.
Anoth er kmd of tran sportation work uncl ertak<· n throu gh 'IVPA ddcnsc projcrL i th e
improv em<'nt or puhlidy own ed rnilroad lin es
in and to military and rrn,val n·se rY nlion .
l\lai11kn a nce work o n many of tlwst' lint's that
h and ll' troop m on'm t• nl a11d suppli l's had been
neglected during dcprl' ion years. Wi th the
xpan sion of th P nrnwd fore<' and i_n crcas<'d
n e ·cl for traiq)orla tion facilities , the longclderred improvem <·nts bc·ca m <' imperative.
ln co nn ecl io11 \\'i th llH•se irnpro ,' clll t' nt s , \YP.A
work prs haY<' h<·c·r! pl,lcing halln sl , pulling i_n
n c\\· sidin gs, n·novati.ng piers and wlrnrvcs, and
7

REP R'I'

PROGRESS OF T HE WPA PROG RAM

do in g t•xtrn sive reeon truc tion work of va riou
o th er kind .

Other WP A Defense Work
Amon g tlu• Yari rty of project undrr ta ken by
lhl' WI A in Llw intcre t of nat iorn1l dcfl• n ' e are
nrnn_y oth t• r Lypl' in both thl' co n. truc-tion an l
noncon s trucLio 11 fields that do not com l' under
nny of tl1r major grouping aL·l'nd_y de cribed.
Throu g h llw t' \\'PA defcn sr projcds nn• lwi11 0providl'd many of th e focilitil's nnd services
n Pl'lkd i11 c mmuniti e that ban' grow n rapidly
" ·ith t lw l'Xpan s1on of deft•n, t• indu s tries .
,v.1 trr di s tribution sy s tl'lll S, c{'Wl'I" fow s, and
, ewagr tr catrnrnt plants , fo r rxa mpl r, arc being
rxpn nd cd in ord er Lo kwdlr in cTc'asc I load in
growin g comrnun ities.
One of th e man_y problem confronting Army
oflic-ia J, i11 arrangiJ1g for war gn nw and m an euvrr i th t' need for ccu riJ1 g prior agrc•cm cnt'
with landmnwrs fo r tl1t' u e of their property .
" ' PA clerical worker h andh•d a great dral f
llw trcnH'ndou s amount of d l'tn iJ mv lvrd in
ch ecking nncl completing tlwsr agn'l'mrnt .
Another nerd was for ,1 dictionary of military
ll'rm for use in con sulting fo rr ign rniJitnry
liLt•ra,ture nnd for other military purposrs .
Su ·h n cl ictionary wa under pn•paration cl uriJ1g
the J 94 1 fi cn I year by WPA wri tt•r and t ran lator workiJ1g m six foreign la nguagt• . T o
nrnh available inform ation con ern ing th e
Gr et•n lnnd arra, WPA worker lun' e bN'n pn'pnrin g n bihli og raph ) of pub lic·,1tion on thi s
n·gion wl1 ich i of g ren t m1port:111(·r t Amrrican
defen
Particular ernp ha is h11s ht'en plncrd
011 materia l thnt is of vn lu r lo ll1r ,\rm :· .\ ir

WP A Spanis h class for Air Corps officers

Corpe.

Lhi.- work the writings in 13 lan c•xplon• r , ci nti t , trader , and
\Vl'J"(' brmg indl'XCd .
In vir w f thr expa nded nerd for upplic of
ra"· m ateri, l m ddt'n e produ tion, t hr availa bilit)' o f ll h upplic•s iJ1 th e United tatrs i of
con sidt•ra I Ir irnportanc . Effort to ob tam info rma tion on t hi subj ect arc bein g a i tcd by
WPA urv<':V proj ect .
urvry werr be iJ1g
conduc t I duri11 g the 194 1 fi al :vcar to a certain thr amount of underground o il in T exa , to
find depo it. o f comm er cial diamond n.nd mangam'ct' brliewd to lw in tlw Blu e Rid ge' J\ lountai.n , an d to loc:ttt' aYailabk lm1e torn• d posit
in an Ark:m sa ' coun ty.
ActiYitic•, 11 \YPA edu cation. r ecr eation, and
art project have been direct ed towa rd m er ti.ng
t.h r n rcd for th rsc types of erv icrs both a t
militar)'
tab lisl,m cnt and in cxpandw g defrnsr indus trial areas. Among t l1 developm r nts m thr fir ld of adult r du ca ti on i th e
projrrt t t ach Span ish to offi crrs of the Army
Air Forces. A pccial textbo k wa. prepared
b, the " ' PA for the program. It contain a
cprcin l VO abu larr clr ignccl to aid En glishp rn ki.n g pilots in m akiJ1g therns Iv
und ers tood iJ1 th e rvrnt of forced landin o-. i11 LatinAmr ri cn n count ri rs or wh en on p ccial mi sion s
to rrmo tc r Pgion s wh er e n in tc rprr t ers 11.re
aYa il nhlr . This proj ect ha breu rxtcncl cl in
t li r fi sea l vrar 1942 to includ r avy nncl r egular
Arm:' l er·. onncl. Th e Army h a nlso rcq ul' trd
that WPA t aehers bra signed to teach Engli h
to , panich-spra kiJ1g m emb c1 of our military
fo rcr, in Pu r rt o Rico .
T o rnrrt cxpandm g defen se n rrd. , sen ·ice
suppkmrn tnry to th r nursery cl, oo l program
lrnY P nlso hren d r Yr lopcd. Th rsp inelud l' publi c child -can • cr nt ers for chi.lclrr 11 of workin g
mothrrs u1 low-u1com e gr ups nnd ehild de,·r lopnll'nt unit s in d efen a rra , , primnrily for
childrrn of t•n list d men in tlw armrd force .
Till' nrc'd for hooks. which h a drYcloped
" ·ith t he rn l11r~rmrnt of mi li tar:· c nters and
r xpan sion of ddrn cr ar en ' ha c CJ'C'fltcd a n ew
d c-mnnd fo r \VP.A library cxtl'n cion ervi crs.
ThP WPA attrmp tr I to mrrt t hr cl rma.n d clurino- t hr fi sca l vrar 194 1 by cxt<-11cli11 g it se rvices
t / both arn{:, ca mps and u1clus trinl center .
Tr w b k, Wl'r r o:;upp li ecl and old on rs rcpairr d
and catn log11rcl for ca mp in a numbrr of s lates .

'27

N ,\T I O~ .\ L DEFE~1'E \\' ( H h:

L ca l organ izatio1k huv u1 nu111y in. t:111 c-l's
made books 11n1 il 11bl to tl1r \\' PA for dis lrihu tion to H' rTiC-('lll('n . "f fith \YPA aid , s tntl'ownrcl hooks J11wr been catfilog u('d o that
th<'Y may be 101111 d iii def nsc er11t r r .
l~1 rr: p n, c to numero1 1s rrquc. L , \YPA
urt is t mid c raftsme11 wer e nssig:nrd to proj ects
at milit a r.v an d 11 11val trainin g ec•11tr rs during
the fi . ea l _v enr 1941. Th ese arti s ts an' drC'o r:11 mg th e , all. of rrerca tion room. , oAiC'Prs' q11nrtcrs , m p . hal ls, nnd other rnrnp buildin g;, wifl 1
muru l . frc. cor , pru1ts, plaques, and otllC'r nrt
work .
11d r th r dirrction of oAic·('rs, tJic,:· ,11"t'
proYid in g vi, ual rducntion aid s for traiJH'l'S i11
thr f rm of po. t rrs tl1at ill ustrnt r t h(' vnriou s
tep iJ1 tact icn l d rill or rxe rcisc. T l1('Y a r(' :1 lso
makm g clrn rt. an d tl rsigns to ill us trate' tli r
oprratio11 of gun s, il rmored ca rs, tank., il irplan cs, ::ind ,·en hiltt lrships, and lo u1die:1t l'
t hr proJ er con. tru cti011 of pontoon hrid g('s,
co rrec t . ignnliJ1g, firing mrth ods, :rnd otlll' I"
mi li tary pr c-'rdurrs. \TPA craftsm t'n arc rnnking light fixtur r. , furniture, fountain s, drap eri es,
curtaiJ1 . . nnd ot hrr obj re ts for tl1 <• q uartL'rs
of offic(' t-S and rn r n and for n'<T<'a t ion l1all s.
Clas cs ill art. photography , and erafl . ubjPcts
a rc br ii1 g concl uctccl by vVPA i11 s t ruc-tors fo r
. oldiPr::; an I . ail ors in work s tudios adj an'nt to
m ilitary and nava l r rsc·1Yat ions.
, imiJar . <'1-Yice. ii1 th C' fi r ld . of mu s ic· and
rccr rat ion a rc br iJ1 g proYided tlirou gl1 ol11 t' r
\YPA projc'<·L . Hurnl r ds of t·OJH·c' rt -.; J1 an•
brrn givm Pach month at militnr_v :rnd 11:wa l
post fll1d i1 1 ndjntl'nt communitiP". 13and.
havr hePn orgnnizrd for milit a ry c·:i mp-.; thnt
had non r of th r ir ow11. nnd d1 ora l g roups h nYC'
hrrn dpvr loprd . R<·CTC'nt ion a l lra d Prs in n
vn rirt:v of nC'li vif ic•s, includin g- suC'li s port s ns
a rrl1 r ry nnd s ki ing. l1 av lwen ass ig11 <'d lo mili tnry r. ta l Ii. l1111 Pn ts at thr r l'qurst of t l1 <• ir
COJ1Ulll1 Jl(lu1g oflic-(' J"~.

Reading roa ms a re provided for m en rn th e arm ed force s

wa s u eel fo r ddt•nsc• wo rk und ert,1kc·n h_r otlJl•r
F c,drnil ag-encit•s wit h WPA fund s lrn 11s fprrt•d
to th em for t his purpose. l H add ition to l hl'
ff PA fund , tlw pon ors of dl' f<·n:,;c• projt•eL
pro,·id ed more t han , 1:31,20:3,000, hring-ing to
nearly , 456,000,000 th e total exp<'ndit111·c•s for
\Y PA drfrn t' proj eet during fi scal )'(',11" 1~)41 .
Th e bulk of th e Pxpenditure , ns \\'l' ll as of
tbe rmplO)' lll rnl , on cl cfrnse projc•<'l Ofl<'l'lltt•d
b_v lhl' " ' P"\ \\',lS for cons tn1et io11 wo rk . T li r
proport ion o f <k fensp ex pen d it url's Ll 1:1t. w11 s
mad <' for c· ns lnr clio n proj ects was so nw\\·l1:1l
TABL1'

-L

1'' PA

. \\I Ol '.':T OF

ExP1,;:.. nt; u

D1, 1,· i,;NfiE

ON

A!\ll

SPON><oRs' FL•N o ,;
~l HJ 1; <"·1
To

PRo., i,;cT,-,

LL1 , 1s1 \l'J\t, E)>.b\JPTIO'.': s .\:--O o:>. 01111.R P noJ1•. 1·T,-,
Dt,,-, J!:;\ ,\

ATEll BY

I

11'1!

l) 1c ~· i,;-.;,sE

tH

\ >-,

\\' PA .

BY

:\I

\JOR

I \!POHi \ " "I•,

TYPL

Total

yp,• of proJ('<'l

cw

01' b R -

i>noJJsC'T

\\ I'.\

Kpo n,:;ors'

fund s

funds

$~:H , 959. ti IR, 3tl3. 7M, S<d ~J:l l. 20:J.

187

L11\· 1:-- 1nn uf ()p, •rUl!OllS

H i~hway:-, roo ds, ond strt.'l'ts __

Puhlle h11ild111~s
Rl•en •:1t 1onnl fnr 1lltil'S

17,

12-l , ntiR IUi

.'iH, 032. 3R

40 , 1iR, i l7

t>I. !'1:!0 . ~l',l
!iS l.11\11

31. !i21. 11\5

12. :111. 71 I

1,; _590.

<:ludml! hu!l1lin us)
Puhlidy O\\ rw,t or npt.•rat,•d
ut1litirs
Atrport s nnd ri 1rwnys
Sanitntion
EnJ!int'l'rlllJ! s ur\"eys

Approxinrntc-l_r a fourt h of :ill \rP.\. prnj l'tl
expcnclitun' du ring th(' fi sc nl _Y<':lr <·1Hling- ,Jun <'
30, 194 1, Wl' l"l' ma ck for ddl'nsr proj ('cL.
Th r Lota ! WPA outla_v for tlll'S<' projc•cts
amountrd to ,warly . :324 ,7.52 ,000 , f "·hiC' h
. 303 706.000 \\' n,; 1wnl f r dd<'ll S<' proj<•tls
operated direc tly by th e WPA 1111d ."'...0,996,000

0[1l(' r

DJ\·isio n o f Comm unit y .. t> n ·Ic•e
Pro~ra ,ns

'2. tl71. :lh3

fl, S.ii , 392

52. -..1 ii . O:~l

L t,:.?, . HOti

C'on:--t'r\ati ◄ m

Expenditures for Defense W ork

J.,.

(n:-

so. 71i2

2, ti03. 32 1
'-1, Oli, 1HI

3. 0{12, Si5
:J, 13ti, 1126

17. 709. OHR

H . 272, 472

Puhlir acllv1ll •s.
RC's<·nrch and r nrds

:1. 741. 542
9. 182, 401

\Vt•lf:lrl'

4,(i04, 720
I O,

43->

3, 0. , 111
7, 4 Hi, 727
3, f-iO:.?, 7G7
!R I. ~'17

29,995, 1<37

18. 427, 53fi

Otlwr
:'\'a u on:11 d1•fl't1 st• \'OCa t innal trnin rng

lti, 'IHI, 03h
:t :.?:,:t, tilih

:h;\,li'-13

5'i0, ;ii!l

,,,3. 131
\, 7;35, lii4
1.0111 ,\1.,3
15, {>fi"

11. 56.'> . 3lll

2,

REPOR T O r PRO GRE

A WPA bond furnishe s music for drill exerci ses

larger , however , than th h are of defense employm ent that was d n -o ted to th ese ac ti,-it it•s .
This diffl'rl'HCl' in ratios is attribut a bl e for llw
mos t part to the la rger requirem ents for materials, equipment, and other non.la bor pw·poses in con tru c tion work .
Almos t hnlf the outlays for d fense construction projl' ·ts were mad e for road work. Exp endi tures for this par t of th e program to taled
a bout $180,000 ,000 . A consid erabl e part of
t hi s amount was used in building or recontru cting acee road s, roads that form part of
th e n ational s trat egic road n etwork, and rond
and streets iu milita ry and naval re t' ITa tion .
E xpencli t un• for th e const ru cti on and impro vl'm ent of a irports and airways am ount ed lo

OF THE WPA PRO GRAM

'70 ,000,000- almost tw ice a much as was
w ed for similar purpose durin g th e previou ·
f-iscal year , wh en total vVPA exp endi t ure were
mu ch high er. \mon g oth er ma jor con tru ction
proj ect exp enditures were $56,000,000 fo r work
on bui ldin g s uch as annorie and th e many
kind s of building required for ad equate troopt ra ining cen te r , and about . 44,000 ,000 for
water purifica t ion, sewage di posal , and other
ut ili ty proj ec ts.
The WPA noncons tru c tion ac tivi tie conducted und er th e d efense procrram cost a to tal
of a li ttle less than $4 ,000 ,000 in both WPA
and sponsors' fund s during the 1941 fi cal y ear .
Th e larges t par t of this exp enditure (nearly
30,000 ,000) wa mad e to provide vocational
traini11g courses for WP A workers in th e occupat ions and kills n eeded to fill the employm ent requirem ent of th e rapid ly expand ing defense inclu tri e . R esearch work and ur vey s
condu cted in the interes t of lcfen e co t more
than $6,000,000 . The preparation and transcription of public records ucb as birth cer tificates and ali en and na tma li zation record for
many ta te and I cal governm ent agencies accounted for n early . 3, 000 ,000. The balance of
the ou tla_vs for non construc tion activiti es were
di tributecl amon g a vari et_v of useful defense
project. such as the ext ension of lil rary serviet•s ,mcl othl'r <'du r a t ional work for the ben efit
of m <'n in th r n rmcd forces.

VOCATIONAL TRAINING
re polic. of th e W PA ha always been
to assis Lit worker in returning Lo cmp loym nt in private in lu try . Th r fiJ·sL tep in thi
dire tion i ins i tenc e upon th e rcgi tration of
worker with loca l public employm ent offices so
that they may be con id r ed for any avai lable
j b for whi ch th ey ar qualifi ed .' In th eir
WP A employm ent, worker have b een as ign cd
a far as po ibl e to job that would cnnblc th em
to mniJ1tain th ir old kill . Wbrn thi , ha s been
impo sibl , th ey have som etimes b een ass ign ed
to jobs th at enabled th em to learn n 'W kill ,
and some of t hem h ave b een g iven an opportunity to learn up crvisory m et hod and to do
sup erv isory work on proj c t . In addition ,
p ccifi c projec ts have b een und ertaken to provide vo cnt ionn l training opportunities. Throu gh
omc of th ese proj ect large numl er of p er on
have l ccn prepared for jol in dom es ti c servi ce .
On oth er proj c ts, condu c ted und er the ndu lt
education program, many kinds of vocational
classc lrnYc b een provid ed and thou and s of
p rrsons interc ted in reviving old skill or acquiTu1g n rw ones have b een enroll ed .
With th e expan ion of tb r naLi onal clrfr nse
program t he d emand for killrd and S('llli killrd
workrr incr ea ed barply . T o a s i t in sat isfy ing the n ew n eeds for workr r trained in th e
occupa tions utili zed in d rfcn r i.ndu tri es, th e
WPA ha increased th e emph a i pl aced on
vocational tra inino- and ha r xtend r cl th r sco pe
of its acLivit ic in thi s fide! . A n ew program
of defrn e v ocaLional training projec ts wa .

A

BA

' D uria~ t he 1941 fi scal yea r hetween Saad 9 percen t or the " or ke rs IPrt
tb ir \\' PA jobs rnlu ntarily each mont h, most or them to ta ke Jobs lD
pri vate industr y .

estnbli heel tha t ennbled n early 120,000 WPA
workers to rec eive training in occupa t ions rcquirnd by dcfen e indu s tric lm·u1g th e co urse
of the 1941 fi cal y ear . Project to train airport crvi cem en , and nonprofessional wo rk er
for ho pita l anclu1 titution , werealso u1i t iat ed .
The defense voca ti onal tra ini11g ac tiv iti e of
the v-VPA are condu cted a an in teg ral pa r t of a
broad national trainu1g program to m eet defense n eed . The United ta tcs Offic(' of Education , wbi cb cosponsors ce rtain WPA training
proj ec ts, has g reatly incrca eel it own training
a ·tiYiti es. Th e
ational Youth Admini s tration ha b een placing emphasis on thr training
of youn g per ons for p ecific jobs u1 variou
tra tcgic inclu tri
The CiYilian Con erv ation Corp ha s also mo lifi cl it training co urse '
to m ee t national defense n eeds. In additi on,
th e Maritime Commi s ion, th Ci vil Aeronautics Administrn tion , th e Army Air Corp , t he
Navy , and t h D epartment of Labor are expanding tbci_r vocation al training work.
WPA Defense Training
Th e training of worker for m anu al occ upation n crdccl in indu tri es producing for clden e
pmpo e was initi ated oon af ter leg isla ti r
proYision sp rc ifi cally au t hori zed th e WPA to
unclert a kr thi work .2 A n a tion-\\· idc v cation al training proj rct was et up under t he
sp onso r hip of th e Acl v i ory Commi s ion Lo th e
Co un cil of N i, ti ona l D r frn sc :u1d th r co pon or, hip of th r ni ted tatc Office of Edu ca, 'T'his authority was rontnirn.•d in tht>

econd J)eficit.•nr~·

t ioo .A ct, Hl40, 11p pro, •d Ju rn.• 27. H.14 0.

29

\ ppropria·

REPORT ON PROGRESS OF THE \VPA PROGRAM

Refres her and preemployment courses in mac h ine shop work
are g iv e n und e r th e defense vocati o nal tra i ni n g proj ect

liou. 3 Thi s proj ect ha , the dun l purpOSl' of
upplyi ng lill' labor n eed of ddcn sc indu s lrie
:111d of fncililnling lbc r eturn of W PA w orkl'r
lo priva le cmploymcn L. Throug h t h e project,
refresh er cour e arc proYidccl for person s who
h:wc om c l'Xpcriencc in kill lll'l'dccl l y defen se i_nduslrie , and preemployment c~ ur cs
nrc provided for th ose wh o wi h lo lcnrn n ew
s kilL . ~\II 1wrsons enrol!Pcl in lhe e cou rses,
inc ludill g \YPA workl'r , nre n•gis lcrccl \Vitb
pub lic emp loyment ofli ct's.
R e pon s ibilily for vn ri ou phn s<'s of the proj('Cl is s ha red by t lw \YP~\ :111d llw Unill'd
lnll' Oflicl' of Educnlion. TIH· \\'P.\ hnnd k ,
l he , l'lL•d ion and assign nwnl of \\' PA lraitH'l'S
:ind ])11._\'S l hem rl'gubr \ \'PA wngl's whik l hl'Y
:He 11·11 rn i ng because t hey do not h:1 n· suflic-ie1~ l
n'soun·es with which to fin:tnc·e even t heir
minimum 11l'L'd during llw l r:1i11ing pl'riod .
Tlw \YPA a lso provides l lw pnso rrn l'l fo r lh e
mninll'll:lJH·(• of record s IH'Cl'SS:1 1·_\· for th l' opt•r:1 li o11 of t hl' proj,·ct. The l'nit,·d Statl'S Offi ce
of Eclu("ation, throug h tlw coop,•r:1tion of s tate
nnd local sc-11001 offici:tL, i, res pon. ihlc for t he
ll'c-lrnic:tl tr,1ining n pl'c-l . of t he projl'tl. It ,
or its r(·presentntiYl'S. select ,rnd JHlY t h e sa laries
of instructors, s upe1-Yisors. alld training s ttpl'rilllt·ndenls as well a of lhe pL•rsornic•l requirl'd
for t ill' rnninlennnc of buildings and faci lili c
:incl th Py also provide thl' m•n•ssary rnaU•rinb:
lig l,t , lwat, and pow(•r. T IH· l "nitcd ,_tall',
Offi<"<' of Educ-alion, wil lt llH' c·oopl'rat ion nncl
:1ssi . lnJH"l' of s late all d lo<"nl ndvisory commitJ

In January

) lJ41 ,

l<'C , d<'l ,• rmin ps th e m e t hod and type of
trnining to h g i\·en and l hc nurn l r and
kind
f work er to b e tra ined under th
projecl.
\\' PA worhr
(includi11g elig ible p er on
:1 w,1 ilin g n ignm e nt to WPA job ) ar c elect ed
for l rninin g on he ba is of Lhci_r pn L employment nnd \YPA employment r cord , aptitudes,
,1rnl adaplnbility lo training. IY11 cn Lhe indi cat e th:1t a worker mig ht qualify <' ith r for
immediate dcfen c employnwnt or for tr a ining,
:1 m o n • i11ten ivP il1\-e tigat ion i m a le to obt:1 in :1cldilionnl infornrntion con cl'rnin o- ccup:1tio11al l'X ])<'ri C'n cc a nd ki ll , hea lt h , ~ nd inll'l"l' l in furt lwr training.
omc of l hc workers
haH lwd exp l'ri en ce in thr u c of variou h and
or m:w hin tool o r in occ upation s requi ring
nrnnu:1 l d exterity , w bich di rec ll)7 qun lifie th em
for training or for imnwdiat c rnploym cnt .
Othl'r. hnn av oca tiona l inl er c t in m odel
huilding, woodworking, or t he bui lding and r ep11ir o f radio and elcct ri ·al equipment t hat
ind icalc potenti a liti es to be dcnlo p ,cl. Projl'C'l u pcrvi ors a re con u l led :1 lo l he work
hahil , a ltitu ck , and o tlwr qua lifi ca ti on of
t h e pro, pe ·t iYc lr:1ince , and u1 m e area u se
is m:1.d e o f aplilud P test .
T l,i s in form:1lion form s th e ha i of a defen se
indu s tri<'. c•mplo)· m ent rl'gi s trr that i rn nm-

the Office of Production ~ ta.na~eme ot hecame

sponsor of t hi" proJt'rL.

Texa s tra inees lea rni n g ta se rvice a i rcra ft en g in es

TIO r AL TRAI I NG

tninrd i11 rnC' h Wl A di s tri l offirr to faci lilnl c'
the' l'ledion of workc' r f r · pec ifiC' lrninin g
our. rs o r pt'eific job . Th r rgi l e r i limit ccl
t lh e !is l of aboul .500
c upalion ch· ig nnlcd
by lhr Oflicc' of Pr du ction r.lanagr menL a
e enlitil Lo indu s lri c producin g for naLional
lrfl'Ji se. Rl'c·o nl cards for person who 11.n'
qlll1 li f-ied for imnwdi,1lc' r mploym r nl in d r fr rnw
indu lrir nrr epan1led from thosr f r I r r, on
wh by experience or trni.ning are qu:dified for
rrfre hrr co ur c' or for prcempl0)7 1l1t'nl lrninmg. B y l ril 1941 , th cba ic r egislc' r includ t'cl
th r nam r o f <1pproxirnatcly 15 1,000 J c' rso ns
qu ::tlifi rd for imnw li ate cmploynwnt in ddc•1u·
indu lric , 154,000 p e r on qualified for lraining, a nd 3 1,000 a lready as ig n ed to t raini, w
ou rsr .
WPA w rk r r m· given trau1ing i.i1 many of
th
eupati 11. rrquired by u1clu, trirs procluc u1g for national cl fen c. A number of thc <'
o cupalion , arc u1 th e metal trade, cssrntial to
arnu1ment p roduction . 11a liin c , hop cla cs
haw h ad th e larges t s hare of the tr;1u1ce ;
n arly a third J th c total en rollm cn t on .l un :.,5 ,
1941 , wa m t h . cla se . ( ee Tahir 5 below.)
Th e c tramce learn many of t he trdrniquc
required m the con truction and assemb ly of
engu1 e for a ircr a ft flnd ship and in t hr mnnufacture of crun , tank , and otb r military and
11aYal <'quipmcnt.
TABL E 5.Tl' ~IB ER OF WPA 'iV ORKERS R EC l~I VI NG
TRA I I N
T11H O l ' G H THE ~AT I ONAL D1,; ~' lsNS!s \ToCATI ONAL TR A I N I NG PROJ ECT, BY TYP E OF Cot R ' E
J UNE 25,

1941

Course
Tota l
Auto servicin~
Airplane sen ·icing o
onslru lion

Drafting
E lectrical ser vicing
Forge
F oundry
l\I acbine shop
Pattern making
Ra lio s n ·icing

Rivetin~
heet metal
--------hip and boat bui lding and repai r_ __________ _
" ' elchng
__________ _

Woodworking
Otb r
A

8

:'\um her
A

Percenl

:1 I, S 9

100. 0

3, liii

10. 5
6. 5
I, 5

2. 2GH
515
I,

002

1.h98
•175
iiO
11 , 401

TiO
2~5

342
3,·1\1:1

i-l!J
5. 2\ll
I. SS2
101

2. 9
5. 4
I. 4
:t. 2
32 ~
2 2

tU,
LO

10. 0
2 I

15. 2
I. 4
I.I

Does no t include no ntrainees employed on the proJeet .
l nelu<1es employ ment on the airporl sen ·iremen trnininJ? proj ec t.

(' !;1 ., <' i11 wrldin g, hcct-mc tal work , flllC!
riYcti11g ar turnin g out work e r neC<'- s,1 1 1J1
th e pr du ti n f aircraft , liip , allk trueks,

Th e proper meth o d fo r pouring molt e n metal inlo form s is
tou gh! in a class i n foundry work at a
D elroit vocal iona l school

cout cars, and oth e r mec h an ized equipment.
The fow1dry and for ~c work essential to tlll' e
and otbcr field a rc a lso tauO"ht to employees on
the p roj ct. The e ku1cls of cla ssr toge th e r
acco unt ed for a lmo. t a third f th r trau1cc
enroll ed at the nd of Jlu1e. About one-fou rth
of th e trai.i1 cc w e n' enrolled in th e g roup of
cou rse that prcpan' work ers for the , ervi uw
of rad io and cl,,ctrica l equipment . airplm1es,
and automobile .
1os t of the rcrnau1cler were
attcncliJ1 g cla sc u1 wl,ich woodw o rku1 g, pattern making, and uch techn ica l s ubj ed as
mechanical , tru c tural , and elect ri ·al drafti.i1 g
w er e taught.
Although ome variation c:,,-i ts among th e
trau1 i.iw centers, th e ba sic m eth ods of operation
arc imilar.
la s sc h edules are arranged so as
to avoid confli t with the rrg uLn clay and
ev nu1g chool . r , s ion s; som r of the classrs
arc ch r clul ecl bdw rrn 10 o'clock i.i1 the evenin g
and 4 or 5 o 'c loc k i.i1 the momu1 g if no ot her
time i aYaiJabl . The trachu1g sta ff is m ade up
of cxprriPnccd uHlu s trial work e rs and daych ool teacher wli in , omc in stan ce giY e
part - time scn ·iC'l'S. Tli c . uhj l·c ls taugh t arc
tho. (' mos t n r(•cl r cl by the clcfr11 sc• iJHlust rirs in
rhr nrca ndjac·c'nt lo th C'('ntcr. l~flcli lrninin {T co u1 e i adt1plPcl as mucl1 ns p ssibl c lo

REPORT ON PROC: llESf, OW T ll E

WP A

PHO ;JtAM

workc•rs c-onst i l u l e a r e •r ve t ha t m ay be
a rr
ti rn w 11 upon whrn add i l ionn l wo r ke r
lll'<'c kd in drfcn <' in Ju trie .
T lw numbr r of trau1ee a igne I to thi
lrn ini:n g p rojrtl m cr eased tC'ad iJy duri ng th e
fi sC'a l year 1941 . At th l'nd of June 1warly
:~5 ,000 prrson wer e in training. In add it ion
to Lh C'sr , n earl y 4 ,000 'IVPA wo r kc•r h ad bl'C'n
nss ign r cl to t hr proj ect durin g th ' course of th e
fi scn,I yrar. Or this group , 75 pNcenL ldt th e
proj C'ct voluntarily; 45 p e rcC'nt W('r e clefinitt' ly
known to h avr obtai1wcl p rivatr rmp loynwnt
nnd 30 p e rcent presumably found job . Th e
n•mnmU1g 25 p er cent r e tum ed to otlw r vVPA
projl'd .

In -Plant Preemployme nt Training

Train ee learning lo d o a job of drilling i nsid e on airplan e
fu se lag e

mrct tht' requ irement of the particu lar g ro up
of t r:1i11t'l'S it includes . A llowance is made
for tl1e fnd tl1al sorn<' wil l lrarn m o rl' rap id ly
tl1a11 otl1t' rc- and th at, as th ese trnuH•t•s a rc
pln ced i11 iJ1 d11 s try , o tl1ns wi ll br cmo llrd .
s uall y thC' lrtlrnica l irn, tru ct ion alld rt•l:1tl'd
theory g-in•n iJ1 t he tmiJ1iJ1g- sh op arl' s uppl1'nwnt<'d by additiona l in s tru c ti on i.n tl1 1' cl:1 s,;roorn. and perfonna11ct• tes ts as \\" t' II :l'-' oral
and \Hitt('ll l'Xamuiat i ns :ll"l' giYC'll throug-liout
tlic <·ou n,t' .
Th1• trnining- pPriocl on thr project l.1 s ts from
s ix to (\\·(' I n• \\'l'l'ks , but trnutt't' may l1 •:JY1• :1t
an y ti111<· if jobs lwconw :w:1ilablr alld till') ' an ·
profic-i1•1tt ('Jlll1lfd1 to b('gin work. vVork l'rs wlio
c•nrol I in rl'fn·slwr cla ss1•s fn·qucn tly fu1d tli:1 t
two wt•l'ks' trninill g i s11flici<'nt to brin g- li:u·k
tlw old . kill s. Ex1writ•Jl("l' during till' ) ' l',lJ" n f
opnat ion !in s s how11 that mnny lrai11t•1·s <":111
o b Ln in ('lllploy m cnt ill privatr uul11 s lr)' nl
dou bk and trip IC' tl1 cir WPA earnings. ~omt•
pnson of 11 nu un l m1•ch:mieal ahilitil's h an·
bc•cn diseOY('f"l'd ill th(' lrail1in g cla ' Sl'S, :md
many of t li l'm hnvl' spc·u recl jobs in which t he)·
Jrnve mndl' rapid progr('SS . If n o jobs a r l'
avail able in prin1tr indu Lry at th e completion
of the tn1i11ing cou rse>, t he trailwe m ay be
uch
a ignl'd to job. on ot h er WPA project .

TO\rnrd t hr t•nd of th<" fisea l yea r 1941 , u1pl:rnl lr:1i11u1g, d e ign l'd to :l('l'l' l('nlte t lw move)ll(•lll of worker:; u1to clefl'llS(' joh , \\'(1 initiated
1md e r the WPA lden se tr:1inu1g p r ject.
Uncll'r th is trail1mg p lan, wo rker wh o have
h<'<'n ca rdu lly l' lec t cl on tli l' has i of work
l'XJ)('rit•nce , adnptabili ty, and poLmtin liLil' rel'!' ive di rl' ·t t.rni:nu1g at ccupations npp roved
hy tlw OP~ I in indu s t rial pJnn ts r n gn,g cl in
prod u c t.ion fo r n ation al d dt•JlSl'. D urin g th e
trnining p l' ri ocl , th e WPA pay th eir wa ge at
l h1• pn•va iling learner ' rates r tabli h r cl by
(•mplO)' l'r-Pmp loyee agre enwnt in t he par ticip:1 ling plant .4 T hl:' tram e, und er t he sup r rvis ion of tht• p lant mnn:1 gcm!'nt, lea rn Lh e
4 ~an('t' tlw projec· t 1s c·t•ruficd as nn portant ror defense purposes. it ma y
h,• 1'\Plllp t,•d from tht~ srn.n dard waj!e srhNlule n.•qu,n•m nts.

WPA in-p lant tra i nee l ea rns we ld i ng o n th e j ob

V) AT I O:sl .\L T RAI N I

operatin g tt, rJmiqu es n ece a r_ to q111dif)· llw m
for full -ti.me l'm p lO)' m enl at a p<'t ifi l" jo b .
Wh en th e plnn L au lh ori t ie d ec- icl r Lim l Ll w
train<'<' nn' c11pa blc of a urning rr pon s ibilit y
for t br job (within Lh e limi t o f t.h1• mnximurn
four-w ee k Lrn,ining pr riod ) th ey ft l"l' Lrn11 s f1• 1-r1·d
to th e p l:u1t pay rolls a t regul a r wn g<• r:1.L<'s.
Unde r thi prog rn.m WP.A workc' r , boLl1 11w11
and wom r n , ar c bein g train ed for a v nri dy of
job rang i11 g from th os r quin-d in a irpl:11 1('
and pnrndn, te pr clu ction to lcn grinding nnd
i:n trum en t m a king .
The in -plnn L t raining prog ram ha prow d
par ticuhrl y u ccc' ful. I t ha g reatl y f:wili tated th e repl act'm cn t of WPA workt•r. in
indu trial jo b bee-a u c it prov id cs training in
th e teclmi 1ues of th e s pecific job for w h id1 Ll1 l'
worker is ne ed NI a,nd b causc only a rt> lat.iv(• ly
shor t p eriod o f o bj ec-lin> trainin g i, n<'<·1·ss:1ry.
So for , n l'nrl _v all tlw \\'PA " ·or ke rs wh o Ji nn·
received thi ty p e o f t rainin g h ave o b ta ined
private empl oy m en t .

Airport Serv icemen

Ano th 'r ty p e' of WP A clef en c vocational
traiJ)in o- has b en pro vid ed Lli rou gh Lli c nati o nwid e proj e L c lab lish ed u1 t h e la LLer parl o f
1940 to train pc r o n certified to th '"' PA fo r
th e occ upa ti o n o f airport er v ic m en . Th e
proj ect wa. s po n o red b_ t h e .\d vi o ry 'o mmi s io n l o th e Co un cil o f ?\ nti o na l Ddl' n. c.
Th e C ivil .\ e ro na u l ics s\ d mini s l rntio n ,1nd t h e
Unitccl ta l <' Offi ct' of Ed uc:1 t io n a rl' cos po nsor . The C AA selects and a pprove Lhl' a irports to be us1•d as tra ining s i tc' , and t he
Un it ed Lat(, Offi ce f Edu cat ion u1Hi!'rLnk (•s
the selecLi o n a nd trainin g of in t ru c Lo rs :rnd
the outlinin g and s uper v ision o f Lhc Lrninin g
t echniqu e . The vYP.A i rc•s po ns ihl e fo r l he
adminis trati on of th e project ; th e a s ig nnw n l
and comp en a l io n of i11 t ru c lo r ; t he :;w lPrl ion ,
a ig nmr nl , and compen at io n of train ('(' ; a nd
oth er fun t ion u ua lly n eces a ry to tlw o pl'l"ation of a pr jec t in accord a n ce wi t h La bli h cd
WP A proc ecl u re .
C anel ida t (' for trainin g as airpor t cr v icrm en
mus t be c rti(i ed as e lig ible for WP.A empl oym ent, and mu t qu a lify in in te n' t , hc'a It h , eel ucati on , and exp('ri en cc. Tniining i ava il a bl e
on ly for m en betw en 1 and 35 y ea r o f ag

G

WPA airp o rt servi ce m e n train ees ty i n g d ow n o plan e

(i11 acconln11 ev will, e urren t nu·por L L'Jlll loymv n l
po lic ies) who hn ve good eye ighL a nd l1c:1ri11g
and a t fr:1 L llw l'qui v alenL of an cig hLh-grnd e
edu catio n . E x pvri \'n ce i.J1 d eali.J1g wi Lh Llw g1·neral publi c ,rnd ho bbi es in volv i.n o- m a nu a l d PxLerity a rc d es irab le q ualific,1 tio 11 fo r t rain <'< ' .
Trni.J1 ee gro ups rece iv e in truction i11 m a in ten a n ce and er v ice clu t ic from train ed in s Lru cLo r . Th e ubj ecl m aCLer ran gl's from tax iin g
and fu eli.J1 g o f pl:111 s to the care o f p a ra c hu t\'S
and proced u n ' to be foll o wed w h<' n c m hes
occur. Tn1in ces are t nug b t safl' Ly nwn ures
and firs t a id nnd ncquirc exp r ri t' nC'<' in dir!'cLin g
lraflic :rnd in o t.lwr fi e ld o pnnti o n . Th ey a lso
Ic-arn to h a nclil' va ri o us ty p e of airp< r L ('q uipnw nt , s uch as wind indi cators and o bs tru c tio n
lig h t ' ; to fill o ut ne (' sa ry fo rm and r eco rd s;
to a sis l in llw overlrnuling of l' ngin t•" ; Ln fo ll ow
F ed e ral , s Lnte , a nd loc: l fidd r eg ul atio n ; :rnd
to utili ze wen LIH"r r e por ts and rndi o communi cat io n . Thi prn e Lical tra inin g i u unlly sup pknw nt(• d by elem c'nLnr y wo rk in n nv igaLio 11 ,
m eteo rology , Lil e LIH•o ry of fli gh L, nnd rt• la Lt·d
s ubj ec t.·. The Lrninin g i g iven to g roups o f
from 10 to 15 nw n for a pN iod of 90 cl nys.
Tlw se pro j t'rls o rd in a rily a r e o rg nni zl·d lo
opNnte on ly o nce nt a n a irport. Tlw t rninin g
co urS(' m ay be re peated at nn nirpo r t , ho w1'Yl' r ,
a lon g a th e d Pm a nd fo r t he er v iccs of Lrn i,wd
m en continu e. .
irpor t er v icem en Lniin in g
courses w e re rgan ized in 46 n irpor l s locn l<' d i11
va ri o u p a r t o f Lh<' co un tr y during llw fi scnl
Y<'ftr 194 1. By tlw end o f Jurn' 194 1, 2 1 <'0 urs{'S
h a d b cr n compl l't ed find in fivt' ce n ter co urs t's
wen ' br in g l"l' J) <' n l <'d . ll i kn o wn t hn l n pp roximatcly 70 pe r en l f th e en ro lkes in t lw se

34

RE P ORT OK PRO RE

rour,ws durin g- fi sca l Y<'n r 1!-l-!J wh o complet ed
tlwir tr.1i11i1tg- r<·C't'i n 'd t•mpl oynw1tl. Th <' n 'nrnind c•r st' ITl' as a l'l'S<'JToir o f trni1t ed m <•n for
l'mp loynwnt in the n ea r fu t ure.
Training of Nonprofessional Hospital
Workers Under the Welfare Program

A \Y P.\ :1d iYi tY il liti:l! ed du rii w th e 19-!1
fisC'n l yea r \\' HS tl; e p roj C'd fo r l r~llill g JlOll p rofpss ional \\'Orkr rs i1 1 hosp it a ls :rnd ~1s titu tion . . This projec t is operated urn lr r th l' h ealth
sed ion o f l h<' \\' P.\ \n•lf:1n• prog r:1n1. \\' o rk<·rs
of tlii. typ e liad preYiou sly bcrn mad e aYailable
to o::onw in s titutions und er 1YPA in . titutioiial
r rYi('C' projects. Th ese actiYili cs ha w been
r xpnn<il-d . l1 oweYer , as 11 p a rt o f th e broad
nnticrnn l d efrn sr plan , to irn·lud e th e trainin g of
wo rk <' rs . Th e traill illg wa s b rgun durin g th e
lattN p ar t f th e fisc a l ~·r ar in rrs ponsr to
r r [U l's ts from Yarious F e<krnl agrn ·irs. h sp ital
up Print end <'n ls , h r a lt l1 oflie<'rs , and other
g roups in tl1i, fi eld . T li rse re-qu es ts are tl1 c
out g rowt h of tli e pre sin g n eed fo r trail1 r d nonpro k ss io11al \\·o rker - s uC' li as w:1rd lll' lper;;,
ord erli es , and oth er tlssis tant
to g iq• elenwnlnr:v (' :11'(' lo tlw s iC'k under profr sio na l
s up erYi. ion ill hospit als and ill s titution .
"C11d r r tl1 l' exp an d r cl progr am fl thorough sixm onth traillill g course is gi Ycn t o qunlifi r d workers who l1 aY c been ccrtifi r d as cligiblr for 1YPA
empl o~·m en t. Th e program is u1tcll(l cd to
m ak e aYa il a bl e a uffi c• ipn t n umber of " ·o rkc rs
t o assis t und c•r profe sional . up cl'Yi. ion ill tim eof na tion a l cm crgcn ('irs s uC'h as \\'ar, r pid emi cs.
n at u ra l di . as tc• rs . nn d soC' i:11 dislon 1ti ons cnused
by peacC'l imc m obilizn ti o n.

N o nprofessio ~ol hos pita l worke rs cleon1n9 o nd steri lizi n g
surg rcol rnstruments an d hospital suppl ie s

OF T HE WPA PR

,R.-\ I

T o hr Pli gi b lc' for nollprofcss ional h o p ital
\\·ork l' rs ' lrau1i11g. ,1 pplica1 1ts mu s t 1 c• bch r cn
'2'2 a nd ,j ( ' ~~r an, o l age and mu s t ha ve at lea t
th e r qu i, a lcnt o l' an eighth -grad e r du cation .
Additional r equil'l' m en L a rr good h r ri ltl1 , good
• ta11dn rds of ph y sical h_vgi nc', ab ility to 1ierform m nn unl tn s ks, and an in teres t u1 findm g
cmpl o.v nH'nl in t his field .
Th e trau1il1g is gi,·en i.n public ho. pitaL and
ill p ri v11t c h o pit.al opernt cd by nonprofit
o rg:rnizalions . C: c•ncra l li os pitaL arc prefP 1-rc I.
Tl1 l' h os pitaL :w lect ecl mu t han ad equ a t e
fa cili t ic. for trninu1 g and d m on trntiorn, and
n hosp itn l s taff s 11ni ciently la rge and with suffi cient fr pp tinw to 1wrmi t it. m eml er to d irect
th r trnu1in g prog ram.
T c• nd 1crs and d em on s t rnt rs ar c drawn p ri ncipa lly from t h r hospital -; tnff but a rc augm cnt r d . a. n r r cssaiy, b:· qua lifi ed membr t of
hca lt l1 dcpartnw nts and ot her h ea lt h agcn cic .
Jn ndd it ion to s uppl)Tin g t he teach in g taff an d
tcc hn icnl . up en ·iso rs , th e l1 osp ita l and pon o r
arc re. po11. ibl c for tl1 c pr0Yisi011 of . pace and
fo r s upplym g equ ipment an I oth er facili tie
rr qui rccl for t h r 01w rnt ion of th e p roj ec t . Th e
\\-PA i. rr. pon sibl <" for t he s lection and assign m ent f qualifiNI workers , gen eral up cn ·ision ,
t im ek eepin g, pavment of wao-es an I r efen al
for emp loymr n t..
"" '
.\ n att empt i. made tlir uo-h th e tramin o"'
>:,
cou rses to d eYclop a numb er f skill on th e p a rt
of illdiYidua l trainees o t hat th ev may be avail abl e f r a v ari ety of duti es. Tl1 cy 1.'cceiv e elem entary trai11 i11g in th e en rr o f t he sick- uch
as an s1\·c,ri11g ('nll bell s. enr ry in g meal tray. ,
clean in g, and doin g odd job. - ancl learn to p erform nonprofc . ion a l sen ·icr . for Lhe patients at
th e dirr d ion of n nur c. Th e)' a re al o given
trainin g ill in . ti tut ion a l kitcl 1rn a11 I s rrymo-pantr:v work and in in s titu t ional Ji usckrcping.
Th e p rogram includ es in !ru ction in persona l
ca re, work rr lati onship -. an d behavior rclatm g
to hospital or in s titution a l sc rTicc. Cla . roorn
work n nd ac tua l c;;...-p erien(' e are clo cl_y coo rdi na t ed luru1 g th e train il1g p eriod .
Exp cri rn cr with complet ed trail1m g p rograms
. h ws that a large propo rt ion of t hr t ramec
src ur privat e mployment at thr d o c o f th e
trail1in g period , eith er on t he spon or'. r eg ul ar
s ta ff . or ill oth er publi or priv at e hosp ital.
and u1st it u t ion s .

V

A'l'l ONA L TRA J N TN

Household Workers
Autl1 o rit)' to pro ,·id l' trnrnm g fo r d om ('s ti cw rke rs wa s g iYcn to th e \\'PA und (' r Iii <' E JL\
Act of I 9:39. Projects th at have been se t up
for this purpo. c h aY c the douhk o bj ect ive of
tra inin g worker. for job, iii a fi (' ld i.J1 wliicJ 1
sh or ta g('s ('x is t nnd p rov idi.J1 g jo bs fo r Uil ('rn ployed p e rson s- t he teacJ1 e rs, su J)(' r viso rs , and
othe r pt'rsom1d en gaged iii tl1 e op e ration J t il e
proje ~t .
T li e hcJll se ho ld wo rke rs ' tram u1g proj ec ts
Ulldertak en h:v th e 1YPA li an' been s po11 so n 'd
by . tat e and loca l pub li c w elfan' and h ealth
agen cie, . (T, u:1 11)' tli e)r a re dc•Hlo ped w ith th e
as, is tan ee o f ach ·isory committ ('l'S composed of
rep re. entat iYes of loc:1 1 wor kers ' o rga 11 iz:1 l ion ,
and leade r. in th e comnnmit)' . T l1 l' ll(h ·isory
conunitt ees, wo r ki.J1g th rou g l1 s ub comm itt ees,
ass um e l'l'Spon ibility for p roYidin~ hou si.J1 g ,
fllrn is hin gs, and equipment for t he proj<'e t . fo r
the r ec ru iti.J1 g of tni.i.Jiees , and for th e s t:rndanL
th at are adopted a a ba is for Lhc subsequent
emp loy ment of th e train ees.
On e of th e major r equircm('J1ts fo r th is t. p c
of p r oject i s uitable qua r t er s, so tl 1al t rai.J1 i1 1g
cond i tion s w ill a pprox im:1t e :1 s dos(' ly a. possible tl 1(' w o r ki.J1 ,; collcl ition s in t h e J1 omc, w he re
th e trai.J1eC's will later be emp loyed . Frequ ent ly , th e n ec(' sary equipment and furni-11 in gs arc loa n d by local utility comp anies and
m er ch ants. iYPA furnitur e project. ften . up p ly furnitur e; craft proj e ts furni-11 hook ed
ru g , block-pri.Jited clrap eric, , and t a ble li.Jw n s;
and art project proYid e etc hi.J1 gs and paintin gs
fo r mt e r io r decora tion .
On mos t of tl1 e proj ecL, 12 w ee ks o f trni.J1i.J1 g
are p rovided und er th e UPL' r-Yi, ion o f pe rson s
e:q:>ericnced i.n th e fie ld of J1 onw c·c-01 1omics.
T h e trni.Jiccs r eceiY c i.J1 , tnrc ti on i11 ro uti11e
hou scl1 o ld w ork and iii tl 1l' preparntion and
erv i.Ji g of m ra l . Som e projec ts provid e dem entary trai.J1i.J1 g m c hi.Id ca r e. On s ud1 proj ect th e trai.Jiee. s p end . onw t ime at the lo , l
cJ1oo l, wh e re th ey learn t
WPA nurse r.
bath e , feed , and care for mall children .
Enro ll n1('nt i11 the hou J1 o l I " ·o rkc r. ' trai.J1m g CO LI !', (' (for wl 1ich prefer en ce is giYcn to
p er 011 . betw een J and 3.5 year s o f age) i" n ot
limit ed to p erson s certifi ed ns eli g ible fo r
vVPA crnp loynw nt. Other p erson s n 'gi. l <• n·d

Co rrect me th o d s of performin g house hol d ta sks ore tau g ht
on WPA hou se ho ld workers' tra ining pro 1ects

,,-ith loca l pub lic emp loyment o ffi c-('s or other
approYcd a ge11eies ancl yo wi g pl' rson s emp lo)rcd
on the out-of-sch oo l w o rk p rogram of t.J1 <· Nation a l You th Aclmi.J1is tra tion an• a l o eligible
for trai.J1i.J1 g. P erson s eligible for vVPA em p loym en t , h ow eYer , us ua ll y mak e up betwe en
a fourth and a t hird of tl1 c total en roll m ent.
~l ost of t h e trainee t hat a r e sd ectcd from
WPA rolls are paid half t h e cl1cduled Lm skilled
" B " r ate applicable to th e loca lity in wh ich t.li e
proj ('ct is lo atcd . T h e WPA d ocs no t m ake
wa ge paymcn ts to the noll cc rtifi cd person s wh o
r eceive trainin g. Du r i.Ji g th e fi sc a l year 194 1,
about :3 .000 pe rson s co mp le ted the training
co urs('. and 2,800 we re p laced in jobs .

Vocational Training Under the Adult
Education Program
\ ·oc-atio n:1! trnini11g carried o n under tlw
:1dult edu c ation program i ci l'Sign ecl to u t ilize
th e Sl'rYicc of wwmploy cl teac ltc rs cer t ified
Like
or a ,,·:1 itin g a signnwnt to WPA r oll
other WPA cclu cation ,1 ! p rog n1m s, it is condu cte d m clo c coo perati o n wi th state d r partm ents of edu cation and loca l sc lt0o l ck tri cts.
The classes includ ed u11der thi s prog rnm h an'
provided voc:1t ion:1l tn1inin g in m a n y fi eld for
large numbc'r of bo th employed and Lmemployed per on s . I\fan y o f t lu· wwmpl oycd
p e r on ca rn r fo r trai ning that in many in s tanc e
enabled th em to o bt:1 in empl oym e n t. Of t he
p er son s who wer r e mploye d wh e n t hey en rolled ,
some ca m e in ordC' r to atta in g r eatN kill in
tlwir curre nt occ up nl ion nncl sonw lo le a rn n ew
s kill s t h:1 t wo uld fi t th em for diffl'r e n l kind s of
mploy m enL.

36

REPORT ON

PROGRESS OF THE WPA P ROGRAM

En ro llnl!'11l in a dul t t'clucation class<• lolakd
ahoul LJ 3, 000 in Apri l 19-11. ( Ton e of lll<'
cnroll l'<'S J"l'Cl' in • comp <'nsalion fro m t h e \\'PA
for all t•rnlin g tlw <' cla sses.) Mort' t han half
tlw enrolbncn l wa in comm ercia l ubj ec t s uch
as husin <', S En gli sh an I arithmetic, acco unting,
b ookkcP pin g, " L<'nograp hy, typin g , a nd tlw use
of oflir P m nchirn's. R<,Jatin' l~Tlnrg1 m 1m bcrs of
p erso n,.; wp n• <•nrol11 ·d in cb ss<•s dc ,·ol<'d to

ca rp<'nlry a nd woodworking a nd mechanical
uch a tool making, welding , radio
subject
a nd telegraphy, m echanical drafting, and electill o ther took co ur c in sewi_ng
trical work.
and nccdll'craft , c oki.ng , ta hk-wailing, cleaning, pn's ing, and la tm Lry work . Painting,
plumbing, ma onry work , watc hma king, and
cosnwtolog~T were al o occu pn lion in which
nrnny P<'l'SOn H'Cl' iYcd in s t ruclion .

EMPLOYMENT AND EARNINGS
pro-

,d from WPA fw1cl
PYid ed jobsfinanc
for an averng of 1,700 ,000 workrr
ROJE CT·

during th e fi sc al year 1941. This wn s Llw
mallrst nnnual ave rage in the ix years of th e
Work Project Aclmini trntion' hi tory. lt
wa abouL 17 percent less than the aYcragc
employment cl uring the prcced in g fiscal year
and nearly 44 percent lcs than that for 1939.
Monthly cha{lge within the 1941 fi en ] ypar
followed approximately t,h e sa m e pattern as
in the two precPdin g year , with cmploymPnt
tarting from a rclati,-ely low level in t,b c summer months and r eac hin g a higher level durin g
the winter. In July 1940, about 1,655, 000
workers were employed on ·w p A project . By
January 1941 t he number hacl ri sen to 1, 90 ,000,
but sub eq uent monthly reduction s brought
rnployment down to an average of 1,400,000 in
June ,1 the lowest record ed ince Octo ber 1935,
when the WPA proO'rarn was just getting
under way.
From October 1935 the program bad expand ed rapid ly unt,i] in F ebruary 1936 sli ghtly
more than :3 ,000,000 per on were at work on
WPA proj ect . The gen eral dowmvard trend
that occurred in ubseque nt months \ nl reversed in the urnrn er of 19:36 by a marked but
temporary incn'tl e in ,YP A cmploymen t to aid
farmer in need as a re ult of the enre drought
that bad cau cd rxtensi,-e damage u1 many ec·tions of the country. By the fall of 1937,
WPA employment had reached the low lcYel of
le than 1,500 ,000, reflecting the deeliiws in
un employm ent t hat had oc urrecl throu ghout
the y ar. Th e subsequrnt sharp ri e in thr
1 WP .\ em ployment was rer) u('ed to a lilllr more th an 1,000,000 m
Jul y 1941. the firs t month or the fiscal yea r 1942.

nwnb cr of \\' PA worhrs Ill 193 like\\' i was
n oc:iatcd with drnn ges in un cmplo.vment
\\'hicb had l)l•gun Lo inc:rease rap idly at the encl
of 19:37. Need for employment during 1938
\\'a acccn tuat ed by tb tmu ually low incomes
of sou th em tenant farm ers and laborers and by
the New England hurri cane in eptember of
that y ear . During mo t of 1939, hoWC\' r, the
trend of -WPA employment wa s cl0\17l\vard from
a total of about :3,000 ,000 \\·orkers in tbc fir t
quarter to about 1,700,000 in September. The
nurn h ers rm ploy ed increased cl ming Lbe r emaind er o f th::i t year to m eet sea onal increases
in unemploym ent, and need , but by Junr 1940
WP\. employment had dropp ed to about the
ame leYel as that of tlw preceding ep tember.
The relati\·cly low le\·el of \\'"PA employment
throughout t,he fi scal year 1941 11-as the re ult
f smaller appropriation and declining unemp loyment, which in turn r eflec ted the cxpan ion
f employment in private inclu st ri e , pa.rLicularly th o e engaged in defense work . A large
vo lun1e of untmploymen t, however , hn s continued to exi t. According to smupl c u tTeys
ondu cted by the WPA, about 5,900,000 perons were uncmploy I in June 1941 a compared with ,600,000 in June 1940. 2
'T be \\'I' .\ s ur \'ey of unem ployment was iniuated 10 April 1940 hy
the \VP .\ Dh·ision of Research. The es timates are obta ined directly, on
tbe basis of personal inte n ·iew s with a rcpresentau,·e cross ~et u on of the
national labor force eac h mont h. rather than hy mean~ o f indirec t est imates of lab or s up pl)" and emplo)ment : the sam 11led hcm~eholds \,e r
selected at random \\ ithin a g- roup of 54 sam ple counties located in 3
states. F or the fisca l yea r 1941. th e \rPA es tim ates 8\ erag:ed M>Ull'\\ hat
hi!(her th an lbose or the National Indus tria l Confe rence Board, hut
Jo,,er th an th ose of tlw Congrt\ss of Indust rial Orp;anizations. th e \rn eri can Federation of Lnhor. and the.\ le\atHln l lamilton Institute. Puhli•
cation of th e :\'atio11al In d ustr ial Conft•renc·r Board rstimatt.•s \\ 8S s uspended in Jun r l !M l, a nd of the ,.\ meric-an Fet..lera1 ion of l ,ahu r estima tes
a month later.

37

38

RE POR'r 0 1

PROGRE

OF T HE WPA PROGRAM

CHART 3

EMPLOYMENT ON WPA PROJECTS *
Through June 1941

MILLIONS
OF PERSONS

MILLIONS
OF PERSONS

4

4

o .___,__-'------'---- - - - -- ---....U'--_j'--_j_ __j---'-------1---'---l....LI....l...J..---'-_ j o
1935

*

1936

1937

1938

1939

1940

1941

Includes persons employed on WPA projects operated by other Federa l age ncies.
WPA

A co nsiclc- rn hi t• 1111111 h er o f tlw \rnrkers \dto
ar c u1H•mployl'd :1l :111y gin·n tinw nHt)' n ot lw
in nec<l of \\' PA r mplo)·m cnt. Some workers
r ece ive un emplo.v nwnl com pcn ation payment s.
Other nrl' able lo acc umula te resc1Tcs or ca n
d epend on assis tance from oth er fa mily ml' mb ers 01· from rdati ns t c11 rry them through
several weeks o r month of uncmploym enl.
Sonw wo rker han' no reso urces to fall back
upon , b owc• \·er , and a r<' in n eed of 11 ssi lancl' as
soon as they lwco nw un employed . Sea onal
incrc'n, <' in the n eed for fuel and clothing in trn s if_v llw h a rd ships o f mwmplo_vm ent and
h eighl <' ll the n eed fo r \\'PA job
Drou gh l1:-<,
crop foilun.' , fl oods, and ot h e r di sas ter may
sonwlinws fore<' large numb er of farmers and
other work er to app ly for ,YPJ. employmrnt
to tide t h em OY<' r pl'riods of acute n eed.
Through out il s J)(' ri od of operation th e WPA
has b een a hlr to pro\·id c jobs on ly fo r th o l'
most urgent ly in llecd of l'mploynwnt. In l \:J:36,
the numb er employed by the ,YP A wa eq ui va-

40 17

lent to about a third of a ll unemplo)rcd \\·o rkc
but th e ratios for ub equ enl years we re s·
C(' ~ iw ly lower.
In 19-!0 and the hrs l half
1941 le than one out o f every foLU· mwmploJ
work e rs obtai.necl a WPA job. Th e W :
approp riati on for th e fi scal ),.Car 1941, lik e 1
carli r appropriations, was in ufficicnl lo p
\·id c work for many h eads of farni l i(' who b
been found , upon local investiga tion , to b e
need and eligible for ,YPA jobs. Dl' pit e 1
)' Ca r's reduction in w1 ernployrnenL, it i ei
mat ed by public welfa re and reli ef agenc
(th e agen cies r e pon ible for dcLe rmiJ1:
1d1cth er appli cants for W P A employmen L :
in n eed ) and by th e talc Work Proj ec ts P
minis tra tion s that al th e en I of the fi ca l y,
19-+l t h ere \\·er e mor than 1,000 ,000 per<
p]igibh· for \'\,.PA emp loym e nt wh o cou ld n l
t·mployed b ecause of limited fw1d s.
Th e u1cr case in priY11 tc employmen l that ,
n 1ned b e t\\·een June 19-!0 and June 1941 \1
not ennly di s tribut ed tlu·o ughout th e count.

E MPLO Y l\lE ' T

AND EAH N l N G

Nonagri cultural employm ent , acco rdin g to th
11itcd S ta,tes Bun'au of L nbo r S ta t is tjes, in crc'a eel by a bo ut 20 pcrcen t in six tat es, 111 os t
of whj ch ar c located on th e e:1s t cm sea bo11rd .
ln fo ur s ta tes i.n th e w est cen tr al p ~1rt o f tl1 c
eo untry , however , th e in creases r epre ented ll•ss
than 5 p er cen t. SeYcr al s ta l l' lh aL are predomi1ian tly agri cultural sh o wed fairl y Jn rg
rel a Li ve in cr eases u1 n on agri eul Lural cmpl oymenL, bu t beca use thi s Ly pe of empl oym ent
r epresented on ly a s111all propo rLi on of th e to tal
numb er of workers u1 th e s ta le, th e effec L o f
th e increases was not as gr ea t a i11 th e mo re
irnl ustri a li zcd t atc .
h anges cluri11g th e year in manufac turing
employ ment u1 large urban a reas wi Lh 1930
po J ulation s of 100,000 or 111 o re al o v:1,ri cd
widely . In se,·eral of th ese citi es, par Lic ul arly

TABL E

OF

:\°tT~IB E R

6 . -AVER AG E

P ER, ON S E~I PL O Y E D

,\I O,T I I LY , A lTflPST

T o t al

)1nnt h

th o e th a t arc ce11 tcr . of ai rr ri1ft prod uc ti on ,
th e in c-r c,tscs a mou11t ed to n10n• tl mn ::i 0 Iw recnt. On th e o th er h nnd , in S(' ve11 o f the citi c
i11er cases of le than IO J) ('n- e11 t wer e r co rded .
Even more l'x lrcm e ,·a ria tion i.n emp loym cn l Lren d s eo ul cl bl' ob erv ed in cer LaiJ1 smaller
('l•n lcrs. 1Yh er e plan ts for th e rnanu fa ct ure of
d cfl•n se m ateri,t! 1H1,v(' been con s tructed , small
r u nt l commLU1ities h ave beeome boom tow11 s.
ln m an y ar ea , h owever , th er e h ,t been li ttle
defen se act iv ity and li tLle op por Luni Ly to p arti cip ate iJ1 th e acc-0 111pan y i11g in cr e,1,ses in em ploym en t and u1 co 111 e.
Th e differ en c iJ1 th e ex ten t to wh ich national
d efen se pr du c ti on h as a ff l'C'l ed th e several
ar ea of th e co untry is irnli eat(' cl by th e con centrati on of prinrn r_\· cl e fm se C'0n tract u1 t h e
N'l'arly t wo-thirJs of
m a ior in dus tr ial ar l'a

ON \YP A

P llO.JEC'TS, BY

P ROG R A~I A

1935- J llNE 194 1

--l 1 rOjl1Cl S
ope r a t ed
hy WPA

ProJrc:ls oµer-

l'rojt•(•ts

ate<! h y o th er
F ed er a l

a~cnries

Tot a l

M onth

o pcratt•d
h y W PA

8

P rojec ts o pe r •
a tt•d by o th er

F ede r a l

agencies

8

- - - -1931>

JH8fi

Jul y
A ugust
Sc pte mhr r
O c to h ,• r

220, 11\3
3i4 , 311i
i 05. lti9
I , S I I. 9,
2.66i . 190
C

No\'em ht·r
D cC{'m ht•r

C 220 .

Jj~j

3i4 ,3 lfi
i0f>. lli9
1,8 1-1.%8
2,fioi. 190

------

----

-----------------

NO\'l' Jll b l' f

D ecembe r

1'l a rch
A p r il
l ay
Juu e

2, h7Y, 73:i
3,019,0%
2,960.3 15
2. 62H. 36i
2, 3Hf,, 71H
2, 2., .5, H22

:.?, b79 . 733
:i. 0 19, og,
2,960,315

Jul y
u ~us t

2,2 15, 32.-...
2,332, ' t)

:?, 245,32"1
2.3:l2,3'11

2. 453. li02
2, 552 ..5, 4
2. 551.1142

2, 4,13, fi02
2, .552, .57 1

2, 247, tfi l

2, 247. 161

eptC'm ber
Octohr r

J9S :

J a nua r y
F e brua r y
l\J a reh
A p r il
J\l ay

Jun e
Ju ly
Aug u s t

L' ptt•mh(•r

-I

2,626,367
2,396, 7HI
2,? ,5. 112:?

2, fifi l .11 12

2, .-,i, , lltl

2, 43S. 4:J2

2, :.?~'.!. tl~7

:?, :?3ti. V:?0
I, 911\1, ,sf,
I, liflf1, 1119
l, S0 l.llt\3
1,:-:,2,754
'.!, Il l!'>, :,/./"iH

45, 16,
60, S02

73, 721>
74 . 623
75, 1811
i9. :;s.,
8.5, 024
5. 91i0

'.!.. mm.fis.i

3. 009. 110

1. 792, 3H2
2. 1\4.,, 550

A.U l!US l

1.\liO,G~

~ep trmhC'r
( cto lw r
:--.:oYl'T11 1Wr
Decern b,~r

I 7:!0. ~Hfi

l ,,,. 139
1. ~mo ..11~
·1. 123. 131

2,007.
'2,920,
2, 1)79,
2,509,

3:lfi
O(i()
04 fi
~75

1940
:!. 2Hi, :H I

mt,. 2 1~

:!, 1·1:!, 58b

2

'

1111. f>:l\l

2, 2'.l l. 595
2. 2:l5. 359
2, 111\-1. 4f>2

2. 149, 369
2, 129, 4ifi

Janu ary
F'e l)ruary
~l arch

2, 07~. 2'.! I
2,02 1, 5i !I
I . ,,R, OO,

.\ p nl
~ l ay
Jun r

2 I 14 . 0IO
I \1"1 1, filif,

l, ti3l, 211 1
I , 5 1!1, SU I

Jul y
.\u g u s t

I. li!'l,1, 17U
I 7111, .112
I , I'm'!, ti41
I 7Hfi, 1, H
I iHH. 3~2
I "-1tJ. ;}H.i

2. 131, lli9
2, I Hl. 311H
2. 12~. 47!'1
2, 07~. 22 1
2,02 1, .179
I, Xi . ons

2, l;j l, 07tl

1. ttH, 204
I, SlO, h9 I
I. -t5S. Vii
I , 4112, ti05

Sl" fllt•111 lw r
O(·l()hl~r
:,.:ov1•n1 twr

I. ,,ll:l, ,20
I, 59fi, Hih

I, !l9ft, Rill

D PCt•ruht.>r

I, '>03, 102
2,003. ~Ill
2. 321. .,4 1
2..540, 41i4
2. (HO, 21H

I. 003. 1112
2. 003, "-Ill
2. 321. 5 11

Jan uar)
February
) f arrh --- -

2, 74:J. 025

2. 743, 02.1

.'<J,,

90, 194
9, 1%
b9,0H
113. 3 16
13,,. 6i5
139. 609

Jul y

Dece mlw r
J

2,931. ·IU I

3, U'! I. 595

Xon•m l wr

J..an uar)
F l'hruary
1 l a rch
A1,ril
r- 1ay
Jun (•

3, I Yfi, :if,7

3,24l.%i
3, 01\B, :l l l

84,900
85, 00i
90,041
9 1,044
92, 63i
91,739

Jaa uarr
F l'bru a r y
,\ l a rc·h
.\pril
J\l ay
June

I, 45.1, 977
I, 4fi2, !itlt1
I, .,O:l, ,~ll

Oe to h e r

2, Vl4 , 121

3, 0-10, 23i
3, 123, r,1;s

193.0

J9.jr,

Januar~
Fehruary

Non.:>mher
DecC'mhrr

2, 999, 021
3, 125. 244
l 2 13. li09
:( '2:,,,fi, fi ll
:J. :334_.194
3, lfo l , 0S0

Ju ly
A u ~us t
Se pte mber
Oc tobe r

I , ; .5.5, ,i3 2

I, 1'\Jh. fil2
I l!tiH. ,172

64. H77

73. :Jill
i i, ilH

77, 542

I, illll, 71 I

4--1 , i h'

I , ii li, 164
1. nan. ~24
I , ii 1, 7:l l

54, 34,
5S, 17
54. ,3,
53. 29!1
50, 9'J9

I i Iii, 11-...:J

I ,0, 59.,

J{/4'/

2, fl-Ul, Hi t

:.!. li-1 0. 2 IG

.I p r il
.\ l ay
J une

" D ata reprt>"t·nt a,·eragl's or wet•!i: ly t•mploymt'nl count:-. madt- during: thP months.
8 Fi nan('t,•,I hy allocat ion of \Y P .\ funds.
A , ·Prn)?P fo r l:1~1 Ihn•(• W('l•k ~.

I. \ !Kl, :! IS
I . SS4 , 1 l fi
I 753, '! 11
I. 609. l,(11
l l "l"l ,;WB

I. , .11, 3 10
l '-i'.lti , 1195

I. 41il. 930

1. 3fl9 , 727

I . 70"-i, 075
I , .ififi, :J25

l , l~fi. 994

49. 02,
47, 120
44 , ... ,9
43. 47H

41, li05
41. 203

3'

REPORT ON PROGRESS OF T HE WPA PRO GRAM
CHART 3

EMPLOYMENT ON WPA PROJECTS *
Through June 1941

MILLIONS
OF PERSONS

MILLIONS
OF PERSONS

4

4

I

o

~I
1935

* Includes

--'--'--'----'-----'------'----..!...-.!....L.------'-------"----'---L..'-...L.L..LJ.....L.

1936

1937

1938

1939

1940

o

1941

persons employed on WPA projects operated by other Federal agencies .
WPA

A co nsid r rah l<· numh('r o f the " ·ork ers who
a rc urw mpl oy1'd al a ny g iven time may nol be
in n eed o f 1YPA empl oyment. Som e " ·o rk ers
r ecc i,·e un emplo_vnwn t c:o mp cn s:1 tion paynwn l .
Othe rs nr e ab le lo acc umul ate re l' IT C or c-a n
depend on assistance from oth er family members or from rl'la liY, lo ca rry tllem t h rough
severa l " ·ee ks o r mon lh of unemplo:,'lnen l.
ome worker h a ,·e no re ourc-es lo fall bnc- k
upon, howen•r, nnd are in n eed o f a s is lanc l' as
soon as tbry bec-ome un employed . Sea, onnl
inereases in th e n eed fo r fuel and el othin g in ten ify lb e h a rd sh ip of unemplo:n1ient n,nd
height en th l' ll('NI for \YPA jo l s. Drnu g l1ls,
crop fa ilures, flo od , nnd o ther di saste r nrny
som et im e foffl' la rge numb ers of farm er and
oth er wo rke r lo ap ply for 1YPA emplo:n1wnt
to tide them over pe ri od of acute n eed.
Tlirough o ul it s Jw ri od of operati on the 1YP ,\.
has been able to proYicl e job on ly for lh o e
most urgently in need of ('111ployment. In 1936,
the number employed by the 1YPA ,rn eq uiva-

4017

!(,nt to aboul a th i rd of a ll un employed wo rker ,
hut the ratios for s ubseq u ent years were u cc1·s -in]:,, low er. In 1940 ,rnd th e firs t h alf of
1941 l ss than one out of eYery fom Luwmployecl
wo rk er obtain ed a WPA job . Th e 1YPA
a ppropriation for th e fi scal y ear 194 1, lik e the
earli er appropriation , wa in u£fi ci('nl to pro,·id e " ·ork for m a ny h eads o f famili es who h ad
I ecn found , upon local inves tigation , to b e in
Med and eligi bl e for " ~PA job . D e pit e lh e
_yea r r eduction in tm crnployrn ent , it is e tinrn.tccl by publi c welfa r e and reli ef agencies
(lh e agen cies resp on iblc for d 'Lerminin g
wli eth ei: appli cant for WPA empl oym ent a r e
in n eed ) and by th e tate Work Proj ect Acl mi11i lralion s that at th e end of th e fi cal yea r
19-tl t he re wer e more th an 1,000 ,000 p er on
l' iigi ble for WPA employmen t wh c-oulcl not lw
t·m ployed b ec ause of limi tecl f uncl s.
Th e increa, e in private employment that oc-rnrr ecl b ct\\·een Jun e 1940 and Jun e l 941 was
not ev enly di tri but ccl through ou t th e country .

EMPLOY IE N'l' AND EARN!

Nonagrieultural employment, acco rdin g Lo the
nitrd St:1t e Bure:w of Labo r ~l:tli lit , increa e I by ab ut :..0 J ercenl in , ix . lMcs, mo t
of " ·hi ch are localed n th e c:1 s t crn ea board .
In four s tat es i.n th e we t central p:1rt o f the
co untry, h o wever , th e in cr ease reprcscnLcd less
ever al s t ale's LlrnL ar c preU111n 5 pcrcen t.
sh owed fai rly large
agricultural
l
t
dominan
relaLive incrca cs in nonagri c ultural employm ent, buL b eca u e thi s typ e of employment
r ep re en t ed on ly a m a ll proportion of th e total
numb er of workers i11 th e tat e, th e effect of
th e in cr eases was not a gr eat a i11 th e more
ind u Lrialized s tate .
Change duri11 g the y ar in m anu fact uri11g
employm ent ill lnrge urban area with 1930
popul at ion s of J 00 ,000 or more a lso var ied
wid ely . Ln Sl'n·rnJ o f th e e c iti es, p1trLi c ularly

G

th ose that HI'<' <'< ' nt pr of ai rcrnft produclion ,
tlH' inc-reases 1trnou11l<•d lo mor<• llian :iO J)('r'l' Ven of the eiti e.
c·,• nt. On the oth er hnnd ,
i1H·n'a cs of less th an 10 p er cent were reeord,,d .
Even more ext reme vari:ttion in employm ent Lrend s cou ld be observed in cer Lail1 mall er
ce nt er s. "\Yh n<' plan t for Lh e manufa ·L u re of
dd< ·n c maLl'rials have b een con . lru ctcd , s m a ll
rural communiti es have b ecom e boom Lowns.
l n m an y a rea , h ow ever , there h a s b e n li ttle
cl cfrn sc activity and lit t le opportunity to parli cipaLe ill llw aceomp,wyi11g incrNLSl' u1 employm ent and ui c m e.
Th e differ ence ill the extent Lo whi ch national
defen se produ c tion has affected th e cver a l
area of th e co untry i illdicau, d by the concrnlralion of primary deft•n r <·011lracts in thl'
maior inclu tria l ttr<'n.s. N"early lwo-thirJs of

u1

T A BLE fi . - AVERAGE XuilBER 0 ~' P ERS ON fS EMPLOYED O N \\'P A

P ROJE CT S, BY PnOGH,UI A

.\I O'<T II L \· , A t'Gt'ST 193,'\ J l'X E 194 1

J>r oJl't'l S

~t o nth

Total

OJWralr d
h y \\' PA

Projects oper·
att'd bv oth er

PrOJ l'(' l S

M onth

Federal
age ncies 8

To tal

OJH' rlll l• d

hy \\' PA

Proj t.•ct s o pe r-

a te rl by other
Federa l
age ncies 8

---------193,

1985

Jul y
Au gust
eptemhrr
Octoh<'r
N ovt..' mlwr
D Ct' I11h1 •r

i05, 169

70.'\, 11;9

1. 14 ,958

1, ',l I, \JS,
2, Hfii , IHO

Jul y
.\ u~ust
Septe mber
Oc tober
No vember
December

•) ,-g

Januar y

C

220, 163
3i4 , 3 16

2, 66i, 190

/9.'/R

n·

C

220.

I(~{

a,,1. a1n

- ·l'J

2. 879.
3, 019, 098
2. 960,3 15
2. r,w. 367
2,396, 71 9
'2 , 2S5. 622

:i'. 11;9: ;)\)\
2, fi2fi. :Jiii
2,39H. ilH
2. 2,',.i, fi2:!

F!' bruary
.\ l a rc-11
.\pril
;\l ay
June

Jul y
August
Se ptember
Octob,•r
N on ' 1n bC'r
D ccemhPr

2,24 5. 3~
2,332, 0

2, 2-1[), :J21'

Jul y

2,:1:32,NI

.\ u g-u s t

2, 453. 602
2, 5.'\2, SH
2,551, 0-12

2, 4S:J, fill:!
2, S.i2, ,1 i t

:::;e pt rmhrr

2. !i5 1, 0 12
2, 24i , lfil

No vemh, •r

2, 13 1. 07H
2, 149, :JfiO

Jnnu ary
Februar y
.\l a rch

2, 24i , 461

Ja nua ry

2, 131, 0iY

Februar y
:l l nreh ·
April
.\l ay
June.

2,149, 369
2, 129. 4i 5
2. 07R. 221

2. 021. 579
l. ' 7 . oos

2, O:.H . .ii !I

Jul y
Aue:ust

1. t'.3 1, 204
1, .'\10. , 94

Sep tt• m hl' r

Octoh,• r

I. 455, 9i7
1, 4(;2, liOS

I, li3 l, W I
1, S ltl , \ UI
I . 45.i, 977
I, lfi2, HO;>

N ovemht•r

1, .'\03, i 20

1,!i0:1.no

D ec('mhrr

I. .'i9h, 67fl

I , .i~Wi. Hi ti

January

I, 03, 1112

F e bruary

2,003, 40
2,32 1. ,'>-I I

I , ~0:1. 102
2, 0o:I, ,1 0
2,32 1. fl t I
2, S Ill , IGI
2, IHO, 2 1fi
2, H !, 112.'\

~ l arch
Apr il
l\l ay
June
A

13

2, ,540, 41i4
2. fi-1 0, 2 16
2, 743, 02.'\

2. 12H. liA
2, Oih . 2:! I
I . ,(~ . {)():,..

2, 914 , 12 1

3, 0 111. 23i

3. 161.0RO

3, 123, .'\6
:3. I Hfi, !'1fii
3, 2-11 , H-17
:l, Ofi\1,:l ll

3. 02 1, .'\95
2. 996. S54

2,93 1, 40 1
2. H07, :JS!t

3. 2bfi, fi ll

3, 334 , .194

4, \JOO
5. 007
90. 011
91 . 011

92, 6:l'i
9 1, i39

J9SP

Januar~
F ebruar)
l\ l arc-h
April
l\ l ay
June

2, %0.:l l S

2. W9, 02 1
3, 125, 244

:J, 2 13, r,09

Octotw r

Drcrrntwr

.\1iril
.\l a y
June

2. 920. mm

3, 00Y, 110
2, 792. 3G2
2, 1\4,'\, ,'\50
'.? . •17~. 041
:!. :!1'2. 0:,.,7
I. 9i ll, t\i,8
1. 720, YIJ(i

I. , ,7 .439
I. \lliO, .'\I ,

'2, 123.43 1
:!.. 2 lli, :1 14

2 iov. 21,
2 :J )(I , .'\;J!I
2 114.0IO
I . ~\ I tiilli
I j ;).i, .l:l 2

o. ms
11 3,316

2. fi 7H. 0 If,
2. 50H. ~75
2, 43, , 432

13.'\, 6i 5
139, fi(l\l

'2, :?:$ti, Y'20

4S, rn;
60, X02

I , liSfl. 0 19

64 , U77
73, :l7fi
77. 711 I
7i, 542

1. um,. ""6
1, \ Il l . 11113

I

90, 194

89, 0H

I , ~h2, 754
'2, OI S, 1"11'9

2, 1-12, 58b
2 . 2'!1, ,'\!15

73, 72h
74 . fl23
75, 1811

I . " Hh. ti 12

8.5,024

I. filiH ,;72

5. 9ti0

:?. 2:is. :trw
2. OtH. 452

i 9,

.';8,

Jul \'
Au ~ust

I. h,i.i. 47g
I. 70 1. .il2

SP ph' lll ht' r

Or toh (' r
~o ,·emh,•r
DecemhN

I. 61J2. tl-l l
l 71lfi. 4"'i9
1. 79Y, 382
1. 8SY ..194

1.

~o, . S95

55, , 1;
54, 7;!),
53, :wu
.50, \199

Ja nu a ry
Fr hruary

I, , \Jl1,;345
I. S\4 ,

1, \ -II , :lib
I. ~Jti. !lil5

-1 9, 027
47, 120

.\l a rch ···April

1. 753. :?-l-t
I , 1\09, l>OI
I, 4'\'I. ,1tl9
I. 4IO. 930

I, 70' . 1175

.\ l ay

Jum•

Data re prp<.:;c•nt averag:t•s of w pp!{ Jy rul ploy nwnL c·o un u-. made during the months.
Fin anrl•• I h v alloration or \VP .\ fund s.
A ,·rrnv1• fo r las t t hn•,, \\ l'l'k".

115

l,hl ll . 711

1. li-17. IH-l
I. fi:if'i, , 2.1
I, 71 1, 7.1 1
I , 7 tli. Oh:3

I fit.ft, :J25
I , 14(\, 99 1
I , 309. 727

44 . i ti...

S-1,:ll

l-t ..itW

-t:J. -t 7h

41 . 1\05
41 , 203

40

REPORT O ,

PRO RE S OF THE WPA PRO GRAM

LIH' value of primary cont racts awa rd ed by Lhe
\Y nr and N,1vy D epartment s th rough Jun e 1941
went lo plant s in 20 imlu trial areas that includ<'d on l.v 27 pcrcenL of the to untry's population and on ly 23 p rcent of vYPA employ m en t
in ,Jtuie J 94 l .
T o mecL Lhe divergent trends in employm ent
and need, a sub tantial hift was made i.J1 the
s tall' di tribuLion of vVPA employ ment durin g
th e fi sc a l year. Th e n ation al deeli.J1 e from
June 1940 lo June 1941 arno trnLcd to 21 percent.
Reduction of more than a third occmrcd in
fin, eastern tates, and clecrea cs a moun ted lo
more than a fourth of the Jun e 1940 fi gure i.J1
12 ot h er slates. Th ese s tates i11clud ecl most of
th e N cw England and 1\Iiddle At lanti c stall's,
of the indu tri al stales of th e 1 lid dle W est,
and of the v\-r est Coast states. R edu ctions in
\iVPA employm ent in the agri c uHural s lat es of
th e 1 1idcl le W e t and So uth w ere considl'rabl~·
smaller, amo_w1 ting to le s th a n 10 perccn t ui
n in e tates.
Th e r elative number of \\'PA worker in t bc
large populati on cente rs ha , in gen eral , been
dec li ning during the pas t several _years- a trend
that wa emphasized in 1941 by th e expans ion
in bu siness activity associated with the cl evclopmenL of th e defense program. At th e end
of June 1941 on ly 37 percent of the WPA
workers were employed in m etropolitan countie cont aining cities of more than 100,000
population. Th e amc ar ea includ ed 40 percent of th e \VPA v,ork crs in Junl' of the prcviou _year and nearly 46 percent in ,June 193 .
This dcclinl' in WPA employ m ent in th e lorge
populat ion centers wa s offset by proportionate
increases in thr co unti es with m edium-sized and
small cili f's nnd in rural counti es. Th e p ercentage of totn l \\TPA workers emplo_ved in co unti e
whose largest city h ad a population of between
25,000 and l 00 ,000 ro e from 15 to 17 during
Lh e period from June 193 to June 1941, and th e
percentage in count ie with ci tie h av in g between 5,000 and 25,000 inh abitants increased
from 22 to 26. Th e increa e in rural co unti es
with no town of a many as 5,000 inhab it a n t.
was from l to 21 percent of the total number
of WPA proj ec t workers.
Approxim ately 96 percrnt of th e persons employed 011 WPA project at th<' l'n <I of Jun 1941
were certified worker referred to the WPA by

locn l reli ef agencies. Th e remaind er were noncertified workers employed in up ervi ory jobs
or in jobs for whi ch worker with th r equired
ski ll s were no t avai lal l among th certified
group . , om e of t be sup r rv i ory workers had
origina lly b een ce rt ified as b eing in n eed but
uch workers lose t heir certifi cation statu when
they ar promoted to sup er visory jobs.
PERCENTAGE Dc f\TR IB U'l' ION OF' P ERSONS
TABLE 7.
OPERATED BY \VPA , BY
E~IP l,OYED ON PROJE 'I'
S 1zE

op

Ol\ l MtTNl'l'Y
CONTINENTAL rxTTEl1 , TATES

l/L'AR TERLY, lllA RCII

IH3~- J l ' NE 19~ I

R i7,P

T n1a1

!0~~

00

mon•

of

('Olll TTIIIOll

y \

Less

2:i,000100,000

5.0002S,000

2,5005,000

1l1an
2.!iOO

21. 5
21. .,
21 7
22. I

7. 3
7. I
7. 3
7. g

JO.
11.

22 S
22. 4
22. 0
21 0

s. 0

7, 9
.4
9. I

12. I
II.
13 0
14 . I

Q, 2
8.fi
8 ..1
9. 2

14. 0
12. 4
12. 7
14 . 2

9. I
6

12. 5
12. I

/9.~8

lllarch 30
Junr 30
Septembrr 21
D er mhr r :JS

!Oil. 0

4 5. 1

15. 2

100. 0
100. 0
100 0

4,5. f,
H. 5
43. 1

1.1. i

19~9

lllarrh 22 .
June 21
Septembl'r 27
Deccrn b,•r 27

I

IS. 4
IS. I
15. 0

!00 0
100 0

42. 4
42. 3
40. 9
3~. 4

IS. i
15. 4

IOO. 0
100. 0
100. 0
100. 0

3 .I
40. I
40. 0
37. 7

I !',. I

Zl. f,

15, fi
15. 5
15. 2

23 3
23. 3
23 7

100. 0
100. 0

36. 4
3fi 9

lfi. I

25. fi

JOO
0
100. O

1.i.fl

10. 9
IQ. 4

J,940
f arrh 2i
Junr 2ll

Se ptpmher 25
Drcrmhrr 2G
191, J

l\ l nrch 2fi _
Ju1w 2.~

If,

~

2:i fi

A Commu nity grnu p111 g~ art? based on a C'lassificat ion or counties accnrding to thr population or the largest municipality in each coun ty. Since
l\larch HN 1 tlw C'lnssification of counties has been ha~cd on th e 1940
popul ation or the muni ei palilles: prior to that t une the 1930 population

w as used .

Tb e appropriation acts ha ve es tabli heel a
crit eria for eli gibili ty tha L the worker mu st be
in n ee 1, emp loyable, and an Ameri can citizen .
Admini trative provisions require also that th e
member of the fami ly who is seekin g WPA employment (only one member of a fami ly can be
em ployed) mu st be at lea t l years of age and
tltat h e mu t register at the local public employment offic e.
Labor Turn over on WPA Projects

Th e labor turnover that h as b een characterisLie of tbe WPA program wa s markr d during
th e fi cal year 1941 by an unu ually Io rge volume
of volunlary separation , particu larly in the la t

EMPLOYME i 'I' AND EAR

quart er of th e y ar. Volun La ry se par11Lions
averaged more Lhan 132,000 per m outh during
thi qu ar ter . vn1ereas in th e two p revious
yea r volun tary se pa rati n h ad n e,·er exceed ed
7 p rcent of th e employ m en t at Lhe beginning
of th e month and in most m on Lhs reprc ented
ahou t 4 percent, th e ratio for th e mon ths of t he
la. l quarter of 1941 averag cl about 9 percen t.
l\[o vo lun tary eparntion we re made in order
to accer t jobs in private indu st ry b u t small
numbers were mn,de fo r ot he r rca ons, s uch as
illn e , injury , or new so urc e of in com e.

T A BLE

-

41

I NGS

Among t he causrs of t urnover during the
fi s al year wa Lh e S<' p:trntion of workers from
WPA job for military se rvice. In thr nine
mont h from Oc tober 1940 throu gh June 194 l
abo uL ,000 WPA workers lcfL WPA employment for th is reason .
cpnration for military
scr vic<' ave rng-ed le s Lhan l per enL of Lh e munber of m en <'mployed on WPA proje ·ts. This
compa rativrly small proporti on 1"PflecLs th fac t
t haL the g rrat majority of \VPA worker a re
OYl'r drnft a gP and Lh at 1wnrly all of lhern lrnve
lepcnd enL ' .

x u ~IB E H OF .-\ ss 1GN~I EN1'S TO AN D F;EP,\R A1' 10N>S FROM E~IPLOY~IENT
CONT I '.'l'EN'lA L
~ [ ONT IIL Y, J UL\'

ox

\\ ' PA PR OJECTS A

N I T ED STATES

[938- J

1941

L'NE

A ss i12 nnw nts

Sc paratiun rnU"
( percent.) B

Hepnrnt1ons

.\ ssig"Jlisc h a r ges and layo ffs

M o atb
I niti a l

ass ig n•
mrn t"

'l'otal

Heassig " •

mcn ts

Total

\ ~o lu nt 11 ry C

pro·,: i"ion o

Total

rate
( per·
f•Cnt ) li

IH-rno n t h

I

ment

193

I

147, 170
:J I l. ,IGS
\(i2, \l \5
WH.%2
27G. 46
149, ·130
179, i\73
327, 085
64,871
774 1 29,703
IG4.
97, 05\j

164, 39:,.

16:J, 01;2
IV\ , 1%

127, 41(\

227, S22
212, 27

137. 27fi
l72, .I~ \
157. g~r.

fi i , :1.1~

237, ;-.; 12
29 1, J.lfi

146. 192
I 15, •17

J an uary .
F ebrua ry
M a rch
April
1 ay
Jun e

110, 3111
239. 754

36, 66·1
I 19, l)fll)
70, 53 [
29, 489
3 1,030
3 1,775

7:l. 637
120, I) 8
JOG. 9•11i
85, 449
98, H62
107. 799

215, 87G
180, 1°3
246,3 14
:HO, 427
275, 424
225. 904

ll 2. .154
103, 322
94, 707
5, 476
112.
iSi
133..177 1
123 ..182
216. h 15
159. (i71i
ll.1, H S
103, 169
122.

Jul y

131,979
292, 897
·IO·I. l 8
349. 154
329, 439
:J03. 34

25, 5/JV

106,470
207. 320
298, 287
29-1. 92·1
267, 94 I
~:is. o 3

4 5. 825
7 4,633
230, 9•16
243,82 1
I 7. 473
I 5,945

14 . 394

Jul y
Au g u s t -~- Septembe r
October

November
D ecember

------ -· - ---------------- ---

1<16. n:n

14 7. -11 2

\l'J, 903

117, 799

45, 263
53. 9 19
55,2 11
54. 8 11

tary

---

45, 263
53. 9 19
55, 241
54. 8-11
<J I, 620

11s. r.ns

11.4
\[)_7
9 II
10 ,)
.5. 1
3. I

Ii. 9
6. 6
7. 4
6. 8
i.4
9. :i

4. 3
4. 7
5.8
5. I
4. 5
3. 7

112. 554
85. 476
112. 787
216, 845
159, 676
122, 735

3 7
8. I
r, l
4. 0
.I. ll
.) fJ

7. 3
6.:l
5
11 \I
9. 1

3. 5
3. 3
4. 6
4. 3
4. 4
4. 2

171 , 074
ill I. 733
86, 31i4
63. 820
55, 92,1
50, 721i

166. 3,17
li8. 69.1
:J6, 513

.)_ -I

l8 2
I.I 7

19 8
39 2
13. I
14 3
10. 9
9. 6

:\. 2
6. I
6. 7
4. 4
3. 3

49,602
48, 220
43,8 17
39,02 1
17, 180
S, 601

85, I 2 '
I. 6 18
153, 95-1
195. 241
1911. 5 11>

15. 5
11. 5
S 9
7 fl
7 fl
,:.., ii

109 o
I
12 7
15 5
l4 9
19. 8

15. 9 1

ll.1
12. 4
11. 2
ll. I
9. 5
9. 2

I , fi20

178, liU'>

Volun-

'l'otal

Otlwr

I

1939
177, <Iii

I \•I, 93
1:m .192
139,574

Au gust
Sep te mb e r
Octo b e r

..

November

---- -- -----

-----

D ecem b e r

---------

5, ,, ii

105. 90 I
54, 230
6 1, 49
68. 265

n,

337, 4:jl
680. 428
l 22, 877
12 , 987
I 18, 189
121 . 545

10·1. 205
108,069
ll3, 834
79, 284
64.,1()0

Ufi, 107

62,264
70. 819

1

1t~
20 ,I I

10..,

6. 0

1940

J an u a ry
F e bruary
Ma r c h
April
J\f ay
June

:l31,857
2,19, 789
2115, 803
J(i6, 743
155. I 19
107. 027

85, 155
67, 937
49,076
29, 939
24 , fi67
12,:Hi

246, 702
IUJ , S52
156, 727
136. 804
130. ·152
94. GR0

213, 808
204, 837
292, 7:1<1
338. 620
304, 574
377. 928

79,078
74, 999
94. 9(i3
IO·I. 3.18
96. 878
8 1,H57

234, 21)2
207. (;Ht,
29fi, 071

Jul y ___
Au e u st
September
O ctober .

29,4 26
21i, 987
33, 077
38, 523
3-l, 600
43, 6fl4

223,258

176. 753
207, 973
l86. 780

------- ---,

252, G84
19 1. 679
22<J. 5 8
2 10. 79l
202, 469
23:l.2 l5

189, 55 l

166, 420
166. 189

74,605
0, 06l
89.0 19
JOS. 996
fl, 100
6, 16 1

102, 14 H
127. 9 12
97, 711 1
5, 3 1
80. 320
80,025

Janu a r y
F eb ru a r y
]\[a rc h
-· -----April
l\lay
---- ----------------June ------------------------ --

2 16,074
1(;8. ,128
Jf,6, 978
l<Jfi. 947
187,872
136, 195

4-1, 6 10
31i, 002
28, 77,1
2H, 343
23, ,1:J4
16. H3 I

171, l(j4
I 32, ,126
138, W3
168, W4
164, ,J:J~
11 9. :JG\

19Y, :!74
220. Jf,,J
334, SS:l
301\, 709
2H(i, 0:l3
:J 3. G9~

111 , 0
10-1. !lU,I
125, 1()4
13\J. 82 1
l 37, G25
11 9. 2,17

88,286
11 5, no
209. 779
166. 888
148, ·IOS
264. ·135

rovember
D ec mb r

---------------- -

167. 692

19ii. ,l ll
202, 26b
lh7. S6tJ

19 1,827

l 34, 730
129, s:i
197. 77 1

287, -1 70

9, fil 7

92,531
102. li8\J
0. 090
IO, 4\1 5
75, :l:lli
ll ,813
68,507
l 2, 242 1 67, 78:!

25. 22:1
I 7. Gil

I

11 (i

13 7
H 0
ll ti
13 I)

I

3. 7
3. 3
4. I

4. 8
4. 7
4. 3

4. 7
4.

5. 3
6. l
4. 9
4.

191,/

• P r io r t o Januar y 1940, data do n ot in c lud e u o nr eli e f cmp loymeat.
c ics arc n o t in c lud ed in th e fi ~ures s hown fo r Jul y and Au g u s t 1938.
8 P e r ce nt o f tota l e mpl oym e nt a t be ginnin g of moo th .

I

17,350
40, 4~11
74. 352
76, 586
,15, fi9G
40, 795

70, 936
75, :330
l35. 427
90. 302
92. 712

9 I
12. I
12. 3

223 . filO

9. 7

11. 7
9 I

10. 8
ll 8
18 3
18 9
l .7
27. :l

6. 0
5. 6

6.
.6
9. 0
.5

Data fo r workers em pl oyed oa I\" l' .\ p r ojects ope rated by otbe r F ederal age n •

c l\ f ost of th ese se para tions we re mad for pri\'ate emp loyment : srparation s for such rrason s as ae t J\' l' 111 ilitary ser v ic-r , nrw sources nf income. illness,
death , e t c . , a r e a lso inc lu d ed .
0
epara t cd in acco rdance ,Yilh section 16 (b l of the ERA Act of 1939 and section 15 (h ) of th<• ER .\ .\ ·t, fi scal ;-,•or 1941 , requirin g st'parat10n a fter
18 months or co ntinuous \ VPA. emp loy11.1eot.

42

REPORT ON PRO ' RE
CHART 4

ASSIGNMENTS

to 136, 000 , or from 16 to 9 p erce nt of empl oymen t at th e beginnino- of th r mon th. Approximat ely one- ixth of th r assignOF WORKERS
men t m ade during th e y ear
were initi, l as ignm ents of p r ron n ew to th e program , and
~ 200
th e rema incl er were r eassignments of \,·ork r previou ly
eparated from WPA employm en t. Th e m ajori ty of th e
reassign ed persons h ad left
WPA jobs fo r private employ400
m ent but ,vcre in n eed b ecause
of th e lo
of uch empl oym ent a nd th erefore entitled to
imm ediate rea signmen t under
19 41
th e term s of th ERA act for
th e fi cal y ear 1941.
In the six years of op eration of the WP A
program more tha n ,000 ,000 cl iffercn t p er ons
h aYe b een employed on project fu1anccd from
WPA ftmd s. Th fi rst year acco un ted for more
th:rn 3,000 ,000 of thi s total. The severe
drou gh t t hat o ·curred during the second yea r
r suited in th e ass ignm ent to WPA jobs of
large numb ers of farmers wh o had not previou sly
been employed on the proo-ram. A large
volum e of initia l assignm en t also occu rred in
193 . whr n 'IYPA emplo_vrn ent " ·ns in creased to
m eet t lH' :dmo t unpn•cecle nt ed rise in u.nemploymen t th at developed du ring th e 1937- :3

AND SEPARATIONS IN EMPLOYMENT
ON WPA PROJECTS •
July 1938 · June 194 1

THOU S ANDS
OF WORKE R S

OF T H E WPA PROGR M

600

-+-----~=

- - - -~ .- -A__,s_s_,G_N
_M
_E
_N
_T_s_ _ _

THOU S ANDS

0

1938
•

1939

1940

ll"lcl udes persons e mr,lo yed on WPA pro Jec t s OO#"rated bv o tt> er Fedf"o•I a11:e"'ric..,

The provision requiring th e terminn t ion of
the employ m enL of all " ·orkers , except war
veterans, who h ad b n con turn usly employed
on the 'IYPA for 1 month s was in lud ed, wi th
cer tain modificat ions, i....-i. the appropriation act
for th e fiscal year 194 1 ( ee p ao-e 13 ). Th e
numb rs of se pan1t ion made und er thi s provi sion , howcYer , h ave b een sm all during most
months of thi year and a counted for abo u t
one-e igh th of th e total separations in th e
12-month period.
Sepa ration s from WPA employment for all
rea ons aYeragecl about 236, 000 per month
durin g th e 194 1 fi ·al y ear.
The monthl y fig ures f r this
RATE OF ASSIGNMENTS
peri od ran ged from
abo ut
ON
166,000 in ovemh r and D ece mb er 1940 to 384 ,000 in Jun e
PERCENT••
40
1941, the largest n umber rei.
,,,,
por ted for any month ince
Au gu t 1939. The Ju ne sep30
SEPARATIO N S---: l
a rations represented more than
a fourt h of th e employment at
20 I - - - - - - - + - th e beginni ng of th e rn on th .
The separation rn tc for th fisc al
year 1941 as a whole ::wcruged
10
a littl e over 14 percent as compared with an assig1rn1 cn l rate
of slightly less th an 12 percent.
The monthly total of assign1938
1939
m ents du rin g th e fi sca l ~·car
ranged dowrnrnnl from 2.53,000

CH ART 5

AND SEPARATIONS IN EMPLOYMENT
WPA PROJECTS •
July 1938 ·

June 1941

PERCENT• •
40

!\

30

-+

10

1940

• Inc ludes per.sons employed on WPA proJects opera ted Dy o th er Federa l agencies .

• • P ercen t ot total employme nt a t beginning of mo nth.

20

1941

E MPLO ) J\ l EN'I'

gain 111 t h<' Sllllllll (' r o f 10:rn, 1\'lt(' ll
r('('('S. ion .
Lite ernpl oym cnl o f l,u ge numb e r:,; o f' \\'PA
11·o rkc' rs ,n, t ermina ted beca use Llwy h a d lwp n
·o nti11uo11 ly r rnpl oy cl fo r 1 m o nth o r m o r(',
Lhe man)' r ep la ce m ent m a(!r inelucl L'cl large
numl> r r of 11·o rk e rs who 11·l' l'l' nl' w to Lhe v\'PA
p rog rnm . Th e Ii. ca l year 19-1 1 add ed on ly
aboul 400 ,000 p r r on 1d10 had no t prev io u ly
bee n r mployecl on \ YP.A proj eel :,;, t he s nrnll es t
numlwr of a ddibon mad(· d11ri11 g :m y y eBr o f'
th e prog r a m 's op e rat ion .
T A B l, E

9.

Av ER .H1E

Xu ,11rnR

,\ J\" J)

E.\ R"- l NGS

Employment on WPA Projects Operated
by Other Federal Agencies
\J t b ough LlH' g rpn( 11111,jo ri t)· of nil \\'PA jobs
h aYe been p r ,· idl'd on p rojpels 0 1w raled by Uw
1'{PA, som e o f Llw m h:w<' ]) pen on proj ect opera t ed by o tb l' r age rH' iP of tlw Fcdt'ral Govern rnenl. Empl oym ·n L on s uch prnjl'd d uring
tlw fi ca l year J 94 1 avc'rngecl kss l hnn 3 p er cen t
of lot nl WPA employm en t. 11 1 ,Ju ly 194 0,
nbo ut 45, 000 P <'r. o ns wrr r empl oy<'<i on Fecl r rnl

OP P E 1{sONs E M PL OYE D ors

\YP A

Pno.1E<'Ts, BY AnEN

y A

rn:rn

1941

.-\ gency
Ju De

2. 57h, 04 I

Total
\\'ork Projects .\ dministration
Othe r Federa l Ht?encies

D epn rtmrnt

or .\ g: ric ultu re

Agncul tural .\ dJustment Aclmini s trn11011
A gricultural Economics .
Agric ul tu ral 2\l'lr keting Ser vice
D ai ry Ind ustry __
Entomology and P lant Quaran t ine
Fores t Ser vice
Ilome Econom ics
Natio na l Agri cul t u ra l R esearch Center
Ru ra l E lectrifica tion .\Uminis tratio n
Soi l Conservat ion Se rvice

2, 43:..., 432

Ma rch

J u ne

I. 59, 59-1

I, 753,244

I, 410,930

I. 80'. 595

I, 70,, Iii 5

I. 369, 727

50, 99U

II. 569

41,203

14,971

13. 656

12,250

15, 135

99
308
216

85
125
227

77

9. 399
12,932
252
536
209
5. 86 1

7,343
5. 762
186

121

94

46
75

49
4.\

Ju ne

·eptem he r

December

I. 755. 532

I. t192, fi4 I

1. 669. 572

I. fi36. ~24

85,960

139. 609
47,495

29. 812

182

14 . 022
13, ·168
42.\
90U
243
18, 246

=---=
5.5,~li

I

3
244
57
5. 390
5. 489

:~ I

61
31
II

236
54
4, 183
5. 247
104

46
6. 549
6,2 16
93

2, 04·1

2,3 12

2, 128

6. 71 3

6, 74 5

6,405

5. 85.\

r,oo

607
57
41
5,340

612
35
38
4,859

646

122

150

241

I, 002
I

D epa rtme n t o f Co111 me rce

I

Coa:-;t a nd Oemlell {' 8u rvey
\ Vea ther Bureau

i

Execut1\'e Office of the President: National Resou rces Plannm.l!
Bonnl 11
D epar t ment o f the 111ten o r

Fis h a nd \l' ildhfe Ser\'1Ce
Indian .\ITai rs
Oen ra l La nd Office u
1 ational Park ~erdce
Reclamation
Terri to ries and fsland Possessions

51
21, 29~
3. 273
16,035

I. 990

.1 las ka Rai lroad
Ala ska Roa d Commission

345

.\ laska- mi scellaneous
Vi rg in I slanrt i;;

284

Depart111e11t of JusllCt' Burea u of Prisons
Depa rtment or Lahor Labo r S tntisti rs

Libra ry of Congress
Departme nt o f the Nav·y: Ya rds and D oc k'-;

I, 36 1
222
I, 739

Coast Ouanl
I nterna l Renmue
Office of the ;;ecret a r) (D i\'ision o f Tax Resea rch)

Corps o f Engineers
Q unrt ermas ter Corps

73
4
5. 557

I, 687

435

-27
214
I. 446

3,\
100

·-

-2, I 19

703

403

3,1
, 36

153

l '7

I, 'I.I

250

I, 17:!

U3,

l.M2

..,ti

t L ..,i7

I. U79
42. 89S

I, 1.\0
:!6, 44fi

---

7-.:

11. Iii
ltiO

I

2i.

;'j!/(i

3

30
4,533

1 -- - - _ _ _ _ _ ,_ _ _ __

3,032

Vetera ns' Adm111i s tra t1on

Wa r Department

I

2. 552
100
105
, 785
179

2, 178
123
10,468
339

ll f1

rn, 13,

F'eclcrnl Secu rity .\ f!C'ncy - Ollke or Educat ion

DepHrlment of the Treas ury

13, 40

1=

700

61

30
63
607

135
726

2. 0f,0

I , 116

10[1
10, 57b
213

108
9. 532
247

15

628
392
90
8. JS9
2'J7

I. 31\1

1,.

Ollfi

:=I=====:=:
:1====::=
1.00,

If,,

3,11

iGfi

123

17, ~l(J

lfi, 2.'ii

I. 140

13,.513

949

,===~

10.170

- - - - -- -- 67
12,676

779
9,391

' Data represent avera.~es o f weekly employment co unt s mnde dunn~ th months
lt Puh1i c land inventory projects operntecl hy th f' '.'\:uionnl Hesou rces PlnnninJ? Bo:ud o f the Exec·utn e Otli<·P or I he Prps1dl•r11 \\ 1th HM :.. .\ l'l runt.I,
were continued with 19:39 .\ rt fund s orig-ina ll y alloc·u tcU to the Nutio nal Resources Pla11ruo g Board and subseque nt!~ t ru ns ferred to the General Land

Offi ('e of th Department of the Lnt rio r .

44

REPORT ON PROG RESS OF T HE WPA PRO GRAM

age ncy p roj rct. a, co m pa r ed ,vith a toln l o f
6,000 i11 tl w precedin g m o n th . P a r t of thi
red uction reprc ented th e transfer o f proj ect
p r evio usly operaLccl I y oth er Federal agv ncic
to Lh c talc pr gr am oper ated direct ly by Lh e
T he l.trbc t avcn1ge mo n t hl y em p loyme n t on Fed 'rnl agen cy p ro j ect durin g the
1941 fi scal yea r (56,000) " ·as r ecorded in Scp te mlH'r. By .Ju n e 194 1 em pl oymen t on th ese
project s h nd clroppl'd to 4 1,000.
[ore t ha n t hr '(•-fou r t hs of t h e "-or kc rs on
other Federn l agency proj ects in Jun e 1941
we re " -or k in g un de r t he s upe rv is io n o f t li1· 'C
majo r age rw i<' - t h e , Var D epar tm e n t, t he
avy D ep a rt m e n t, a nd t h e D ep a r tm l' n l o f
Ag ri C" ul Lurc'. P ro jec t op erated by t he Qu a rf t he ,Va r D ep a r tnw n t p rote rm aster Co rp
v id N I jo bs fo r nearly 9,40 0 \YPA wo rkers, a nd
t ho, c of lh c Navy D epar tmen t's Burea u o f
Y a rd n nd Docks mployed abo u t ,200 p cron s . Abo u t 6,500 and 6,200 w o rke rs, respectively, we r e work ing on pro ject o f t h e
Burcnu o f E n tomo logy and P lant Qu ara n t in l1
a nd o f th e For e l Se1-Yice, bot h o f t he D <'p a r tme n l of Ag ri (' ul lm c. Th e Nn ti o na l P a rk
, c r vic-e o f ll l(' D ep a rtm en t of t he In te ri o r and
lh c So il C o nse rva ti o n ~c rv icc o f ll1 e D ep a r t-

,vr.A.

Empl o ym ent on a irport p rojects was greatly incr ea se d ,n 1941 ;
th ese worke rs ar e lay i n g c o ncrete for a turning circle

nly oth er
rn en t o f Ag ri c ul t ure w er e t he
F ed er a l age n cies prov iding job for m or tha n
1,000 peLo ns on \YP.\ p roj ec-l .
T wo m a jor typ e of activ ity pred ominated
a m ong t h e p ro ject op erat e I by otlll' r F ederal
agc nc ie . The fu· t compri eel th con Lru c tion
a nd r ep a ir of a rm y for ts and naval a nd a ir
b a l' urHkr t h e directio n of Lhe Quarte rm as t er
Co rps o f th e W ar D ep artm e nt a nd t he Bureau
o f Y a rcl s a nd D oc ks of t he N av_\' D e pa r tm e n t .
Th l' eco nd co ns isted of w ork direcLed Lo wa rcl
th <' co nsl' rv al io n and impro vem e nt f nat ural
resources; th ese p ro j ects we re eo nductccl by
Lhc So il Co nser va tion Se rv ice, t he F'o rl' t Se rvin', a nd t h e Bureau of Ento m o logy a nd Pl an t
Qu a ran t ine, a ll t b1·ce o f th e Dc pa r-Lm cnt of
Ag ri c ulture, a nd t h e Iatio nal P a rk Se r vice of
Lh e D ep a r tm en t of th e Inte ri o r . In ,June 1941 ,
hel wel' n 1 ,000 and 19,000 Pl' r o ns we re emp loyed o n eac h of t h ese m a jo r l.VP l' o f act iv ity.
P rojects p rov icl ing crnplo_\' ll1 Cn t fo r whil e collar
wo rkl' rs in n' ca rch a nd t a li ti ca l work accounll'd fo r :1 large ;;h n rl' o f l ii <' rem ai nder.
Employment by Types of Projects

Proj ect Op l'rn l cd und e r the WP.A program
cove r a wid e vari ety of ac Li v iLie a 11cl u t ilize
t h(' s kill of workers with a , id e vari et_\r o f
oc·c·u pnti o na l ba c kg ro unds a nd t rnining, refl ecting difference a m ong co mmuni l il'S in t he
ki nd o f p ublic fac ili t ie a nd e r v ice n ee d ed
,rn d in t he occup at ion a l kills a nd a bili tic o f
loca l un empl oyed w o rk e r elig ible f r WP.A
n t ructio n
jo h.. Th e pro jects includ ed bot h
n nd no rH·o nstru ct ion actiYit ie a nd both defe nse
:111d no nd1,frn sc wo rk.
C ontinuing t h e p at t ern of prev io u years of
\\"PA op era tion s, th e gr eat m a j o ri ty o f proj ect
wo rkl• 1·s in th e fi ca l yea r 194 1 w 'n ' cmpl oye l
0 11 c-o ns tru c li on p ro j ects. S incl' Lh c heginnincr
o f lill' prog ra m , h oweve r, Lh ere ha bee n a
g ra du a l increase in t h e relative numb ers of
p e rso ns empl oyed on n o nco ns tru ·Li o n proj ec ts.
Al th e l'n d of th e 1940 fi scal year , 74 p ercen t of
a ll wo r ke r employed on proj ect op era ted by
l lw \rPA Wl'l"l' engaged in va ri o u Lyp es of
rn n. lnr c ti o n w ork, but at t he e nd o f June L941
co 11s lru c- t ion proj ects acco unt ed for only 6
perce n t o f .1 11 project wor ke rs. ~\ eo n id ernbl e
pa rl of th e d eclin e, how ever , m ay he nllribut cd

EMPL YMENT A

to thl' r mploynwnt on the national dcft•n t'
on1lionnl tniining proj ec t o f n numhrr of
wo rk e rs (re prcsl'nling about 3 p e r('enl of lh c
t tnl ) who woukl normally be t'ng,1gcd on
project s of ('On . tru c lion t. pc, .
A co ll idt•rabl P slrnre of v\TPA proj ecL work
during the 1941 fi ca l yrar wa s dirl'ded low11rd
ddt•n s<' objerLivt' , and tbc cmplui s is p!:1c(•d on
thi s typt'
f ncLi-vil_v continued to inerv:l S<'
throughout the year. At tht• lwgi11ni11g of llw
yenr :ihout 14 p e rcent of a ll \\' PA work prs W<'rt'
employ<'d on projl'<:l that \\'t•n• consicl<-red
imporL:111t to Llw nnlional clden t'. By ,Jun l'
1941 nbout 30 J ercent f the totnl , or 419 ,000
per on , , wc•re working on clcfen t• projt•ct s
including Lho e O])l'rat c l by other Fl•tkl':ll
agrnci<•s with VVPA fund s. l\ l o L of the
Iden <' workl'r ( 3 percent) were l'mpl yed on
vnriou . kind of co ll s tru t ion projects, . uc h :L
tho r for Lhe devdopmcnt of ncce, s ro,1d ",
a irport.. and facilitil'. at military and n:ival
re, erv:1ti o n . The remaini11g 17 perct•nt W<'l'l'
engaaed in activitie out idt• the con s truction
field that wc•r e of Y::duc in the d efrn l ' prog r:nn .
Among t he c' wt•re the workns lwin g Lr:1i11l'd
for occupation n ceclt•d in defrn e indu s tries .
Alth oug h th e WPA's participation in Uw
na tionn l cldensl' effort incrca eel llw Pmplt:1 s is
pl:icecl on sonw kinds of proj c Ls nnd con equc•11tl.v rn i. t•d tlw percl' 11 tn gl' of \1·o rk prs
cmployl ·cl 011 th l'm , it did not radi nlly c h:1ng<•
TABLE

10.

p~~R ('ENT.\ C:E Dl i"T RIB UT JO;,/

Type or project

T ot nl
Di vis1011 or Operal 1011~

A ir port s and ai rw ay s
Con-;er \·ation
Samtnlion

Pu hlic arL1\·i1ies
He~ca rC' h an d records

A
8

IIHI II

100. 0

:G 2
h 2

10 S

9 0

I=
21 II
1 f,
2 (l

W elfa re
0th r
thcr

i\ l arch
1937 '

I 5

Dh·ision of Commumty Sernre Programs

rational d f n~ vocal1onal tra1nin~

J\ l nrl' h
tH:!li .\

6 7
:i 6
(" I
2 :l

EnJ,?meerinl! sun eys
t ber

1:1 (I
11 h

___ _

Pr o ject s for th e improv ement of road s provide jobs for lar ge
numbers of WPA workers

thl' n·l:i ti,' l' imporl:rnct• f the major ty J)('S of
projl'd s.
Proj t·cts for tlw co 11 ,- tr11dio11 or
u11pro\·enwnt of hi~d1w:1}" , road s, nnd trl'et,
co ntinu ed Lo account for t lw larges t h:1re of
the total c•mplo~•mt•nt on proj Pc t s o pl' r:lt l'd
by the Y\TPA . Employment on these proj Pc t ,
however , J'l'J)J'l'St•nted 011 1~- 3U P<'rCl' ll L of Lot11 l
cmp loynw nt in June 1941, a s compared with
abouL 43 1w rcc•11L n ye:n earlil'r.
Project s fo r llw con s tr11ctio11 of publi c
build i11 gs provickd joi)s for nearly IO pl'rc en t
of a ll 1YPA \rnrkt•rs nt tlw end of ,J1111c• 1941.
Thesl' prnjl'cl s involn•d tlw con s trnction o r

0 ~' P ERS{):s'f; l~ MPLOYED 0;,/
TYPE OP P noJEC'T

7(1. 0

li ig:hways , road"', and "-l reets
Public hu1ld1t1gs
R ecreat,onnl rarililles (e,cl ud in r hulldin~s)
Puhliclr o" ned or ope rated utilities

D EAR\/!

PH OJE('T,\ OPER .\ TE D

J\J arch
.\ l arch
30, 193\ 1 22, 1!13\1

100. 0

100 11

\ l arl'h
27, I HIO

I

~~J;t;,r·

.June 2fi.
1\1111

I

1011 11

BY

ig-to

l(Ml. 0

100. 0

75. I
80. 5
79 '1
-----135. I
43. 0
-t t 2
h. 4
7. 6
b I
.4
6
7.

71 h

7I 3

1:1 Ii
7 I

12 .,
Y. I
5. 7

IO. 2
I. 5

JO. ,

10. I

I. 3

~5

~8

I. -t
-tU

Ill ti
I ll

IO ll
I -t

9. 5
2. 0

25

23

k~
I I

i:~
I. 0

,.~.h
3. .,

a.

g
:!
0. 9

o

60.:19

---==
2-1 11

19. fl

- -6.-l i--4-. -h,

.,. :i

3H

1
I :1

t'i

2tl. 1

2 I fl

9

:l. ,5

2. 6

3. 2

,U ,
3. U

14 . 0
1. 0

11.4
Q7

11.2
llh

11 0
OM

l.

====1--::-::-:.-_-i ___
o_; I

Darn r lat,• t the last half or the m onth
Separate data ar uot a\"allable; included in reS<'arrh and records.

0,7

\YPA ,

~Lu on

BY

.\ l arC'h

l~:t:'2~:
ig-tt)

2H.~0 1J

HKI. 11

JI M!. 0

June 25,

I

72. 8
7 I. .t
fl!) i
-----42. 11
3(1-t
:!Ii. \
9. 2
h . II
h. ,C.
1. 4
:1.

s. o

IO. 9
2 7

27

11

u

2

3. h

27

bI.II I A
:1
I 2

==l==-

21 i

Ii

2-4 9

26. I

9 - -6-.-7

- -f,- _f>

I. 2
13 1

4. 1
13. 6
[15

05

I

l.O

I

ui

3. U
15. l
QH

b:i 'I

19~ I
IIKl. 0

35 5
9 7
3H
9 II
5. I

2 2
I. I
Cl S
I ll

:.?i :~
fl .

7

3. 9
I
on

I(l

rg I

7 I
I.:!
15. U
Cl. 5

2. '
l. I

46

REPORT ON PROCRES

renovation of .chool hui ldin g, muni ci pal buildings, and va ri ous s tructu r es tlt-s ig 11t•d for r ecn·a tionnl pmpos<•s, as well as armo ri c , airpor t
building , and bu ilcli_ng at miJiLary ::incl naval
t•sLnbli sluncnLs Lha t ar c of vn lu c for defen se .
Almos t as large a hnrc (9 p c• rc<'n t) of th e
W PA workers were employed on publi c u t ili tiPs
proj ect as wer e en gage d i.n work on buildin gs.
The utili t ies project , h owever , provided a
slightly small er p ercentagl' of t h e WPA jo l
th an th ey did a year ea rlier , when 10 p ercent
of t he wo rkers wer e o <•mployccl . Projects for
LIH' improvem ent of ewa ge coll cc-t ion and di posal faci li ties accoun ted for a large part of
Lh c 120,000 work ers who were worki.n g on
publicly owned or opcrn tcd utilitil'S i.n Jww
194 1. Con s tru ction o f water purifi cntion and
supply sysLcm s nlso p rov ided jo bs fo r large
number of work ers.
D evelopm e nt of ai rpo rts and nirway faci li t ies
prov id ed jobs for aho ut 5 pl'rCPnt of all 1YPA
work ers at llw encl of Jun e l 94 1 (T able 11 ).
N eilrly 6 ,000 p er son s , n 'prcsenLin g several
times a large a share o f the tota l <'mploymcn t
ns i11 th e prec eding yea r, wt'rc L'mployl'd n
t he c proj ects.
All t h e ot h er major g ro ups of con s tru ct ioo
proj ects employed a slig htl y sma ll er proportion
of th e v\7PA work e rs in .Tun e 194 1 th an a year
ea rli er. Proj ect s for th e con s truction o f r ecr eat ional facil i tic s uch a parks, playground s, and
aLhl etic fi eld provid ed jo bs for om e 51,000
per on , or about 4 percent of t he total.
Con ser vat ion o f natural resources- c hi efl y work
to preven t erosion a nd fa c ilita te water c:onIn add iscr vat ion- r cquired 29,000 worker
t ion , a.bo ut 15,000 workers were engaged in
a nitat ion work in ·l11ding i.mprovcmcnt of
draina ge system and m a la ri a control activiti e .
for e t h a n 373 ,000 worker , or about 2 perecn t of Lbe WPA total at th e encl of June 1941 ,
we re employed on community crv icc programs
cove ring a variety o f ac tivitic in t he nonco ns truf'tion field . 1\ l ost impor ta nt among
t hcsl', in te rm s of employm e n t, were community
welfare• aC'tivitic . Th cs<' includ ed proj ects for
tlw op eratio n of ewing room s in which large
numb ers o f women wer e employe d in t he producti on of clothing a nd h ou e holcl goo ds for
di s tributi on to needy fami li c ::i nd publi c
in s titu tion s. Other welfare act iv it ir includ ed

OF T HE WPA PRO GRAM

t h e preparaLion of hot lun c hc for c hool c hillrcn , Llw provi ion of hou e kccping aid <•s to
assis L n eedy families wh en t b reg ula r h om em aker wa ill or som e oth er ern ergc 11 ·y rxis t pcl ,
and pub lic health a nd ho pit a l wor k .
Publi c ac ti vity proj ec ts, wh ich mad e a va riety
of cdu c-a ti o nal , recr eational, a nd c ulLural opp r tu niti es fl va ila ble to t he publi c, prov ided jobs
for la rg <' numb ers of \i\TP A wo rk (• rs. Som e of
th ese wor kers eoncluc tccl li Lrrac-y , nat uralizat ion , and oth er adult eclu ·at ion classc or
a sistcd in t h e op e ration of nurse ry chools.
O t h ers w er e employed on projec ts that s upTABLE 11 .- N°U~ l BER OP P ERS O S E~1 PLOYED ON PROJECTS OPERATED BY 1\'PA , BY TYPE OF PR O.JE C T

J l ' NE 25.
t 'rype of pro_je_c_

1941

r ~
_b_e_
- -- - 1 -N_,_,m

rrotal

rce_n_L

1. 327. 762

100. 0

903. 240

68. 0

470.94 5

35. 5

128. 686

9. 7

41. 194
87. 492

6. 6

'==

Didsion or Op~ra tions.

lligh\\ays. roads. and str ets

____ _____ ___ __

P ublic huildi ngs _

Edurattonal buildings
Othrr huilrl ings

3. 1

51. 414

3. 9

11 9. 970

9. 0

27.
69. 69 1
22. 790

489

2. 1
5. 2

Airports a nd ainvays

6 7, 987

5. 1

Consen -at ion

28. 93

2. 2

15,505

13. 433

I. 2
1.0

14. 959
6. 397
13.9H

0. 5

373, 485

2 .1

97. 77fi

7. 3

R ecrrat 1onal faci li ties (exclurl m g: buildi ngs)

P uhltely ow ned or operated utilities

11-a1r r 1n 1rificat ion a nd suppl y __ .
ScwagC' collection anrl dis posal ___ ___ ___ _
O llwr utilities

____ ______ __

Land and water conserva tion ------ - -----______ ______ _
Other co nserva tion
San ita ti on

Engi □ l'ering

sur veys

Other
Dh· i~ion of

omm unity Sen 1 ice Programs __ __ ____

Puhlic ar ti dt,ies
E clu c.-a tion ___ _
R C"cn' a ti on
l..,ihrnry

23. 197
31. 83fi
2 1. 723
4. 2 16

I.I
1.0

1.8

3, 084

2. 4
I. 6
o. 3
0. 4
o. 6
0. 2

57. 229

4. 3

24. 834
26. 495
5. 900

o. 4

-------------- 21 1. 29 1

16. 0

::0 1 US(' Unl

5. 09

_\ rJ

8. 622

~lusic
\\. riling __ _
R esearch and record s

Hcsearc h and sun·eys
Puhlie rl'cor<l s

fl i~torirn l records survey
\\-el fan.•

I. 7

Puhhc hea lth a nd hos pita l work _________ _
Sewing
Prod ucti on {(•xcludin g sewi ng)
ll ous(1 kN• ping aides
1l ousr hold workers' training
School lu nches
Di~t rihution of surplus commod ities
Ot lw r __ _
N ational de fense vocational train ing _____ ______ _
- -- - - - -----Other _ _

I. 9

2. 0

1.0
7. 2

13. 0 11
95. 278
11 , 136
34. 397
664
35. 997
20,808

0. 1
2. 7
I. 6

7, 189

0. 5

36. 910

2.8

14 .

127

0. 8

2. 6

I.I

EMPLOY fE

47

1'

plrnwnl<' I loea l lihrary r rvirP o r on lo<"n ll
pon o red 111-L, mu i<' , · and writing- prog- rnm ~.
In addition , many \YPA cmplo_v<'<'S \\'en· working on l"l', Pa rch, survey , and rc('ord s proj<'<"L
that provid('d as i tan c for variou . aC'liviti<'
of gove nu1w nta l agr nci es, univPrs1t1P. , nnd
o th t' r puhli (' age n(' i!'s or were b!'in g l rai nl'd for
O<'C'UJ)lltio n. ll <'t'dl'd in drfl'll S(' indu s t ri 1's. (Th 1'
ddcn <' ln1ining projl'ct i dl'sc rilwd in om1·
ddail in nnotlwr S<'dion of t his rl'porl. ) Tht•
numbers o f work!'rs l'ngagl'd in t.lws<' a c ti,·itie
at th<' !' IHI of ,Jun e 1941 a r1• shown in Tnbk 11 .
Tl, e kind s of \\'PA proj!'c-ls undertaken differ
in rPlativC' importance from s tale lo s t:1lr . Ln
a ll the s lnll'. mon' t han hnlf Lhe \VPA \\'OrkPr
in ,Jun !' 194 1 \\"l' n' t' ngagecl in work n <"O nstruc·Lio n proj!'('l. nnd th!' proporLion rnn gl'd as hig h
il .
lhre!'-fourlh s in nine s lalr . The m:ijor
types of projl'cL , ho\\"eYer, b \\"I'd a wid e
n111g<' in rl'laLi\'!' importance . Bar!'ly a ixth
of nil \\' PA work<' rs in ~lain e, fo r· exarnp lP,
,,-<'n' Pmp loy1·d on tb r c-on. trnrtion r rr pair of
higl,way , road s, and treet s, but uc-h projects
a<·c·ou 11 kd for OV!' I' LhrPe-fift h of all \VPA job
in Arkan. a.. Th l' const ru ction and improvrml'lll of airports and airways rcquirt'd th e work
of half llw vVPA worker in l\ I a iiw bu L less t lrn n
5 rwrc·c' nl of the lolnl in a majority of llH· stnl<'S.
c•wing projec-ls 1·mp loyl' d 1 out of ,5 \\'PA
worker in
t·w l lnmpshire hut o nly I o ut of
100 in Tennes e1•.
·
During lhl' C'Ourst• of th e ~-1·ar C" ii:111 g1·. oc·cun1'cl in t lw di stributi on of \\"P.\ 1·mploynwnl
by type• of proj1•c-l in most slal1•s :ind in t h1•
!'Ounlr_v ns :l whol!' . \Yl•ath 1· r !'onditions influ 1•1H·1• t h(' num lH·rs that can lw 1·mploy l'd on out door co n. lru!'lion wo rk , pnrliC"u lnr ly in t h<·
no rtlwl'll s lat!' . . C h anges in Ll1 l' l<- v1."1 o f \iVPA
t•mplo_vm!'nl and in th e oc·c·u 1rntionn l qunlifi !'ntinn. of ll11• work('r in 111•1·d nf job c·nu s1•
fl11<'111alion s in l he p roportions t,l,n t nlll lw
Pfl't •<·li\' ely !'mployt'd on lh !' s<·,·1• rnl typ 1•, of
proj1·1·l.. An additi o nal [a(' [Or during th !' pn sl
y <'ar ha s h1•t·n t lw empbas i1, 011 proj 1•!'ls that nr1·
importnnt lo nati o nal dd1•ns<•. Althou g h th e <'
a!'li,·ili c did not proclu cP any ra di<"al !'lrn,w!' in
tlw di tribution for th l' c-o ~mlry as a whol<•,
th ry did efl'c,c-t nrnrk!'d c- ban ge in a 1111mb!'r of
stal e' . Th e numbe r of workt •r, <'mp loy !'Cl on
t lH· major typ es of projc•c l. a t llH' end of ,fun e
1941 is show n by s tall' in App endix T:1hl1' IY .

Hours and Earnings of WPA Workers

During th !' fi , 1·a l .\' ('H I' I 9--11 t li !' standa rd
!'iwdule of ,, ages, as dc'\'<'lo ped in tH·1·o rd a n1·1·
with pro,· isio n. of t lw l~RA .\ c l of J 9:39, c·o ntinu<'d in fo r<·1•. Th i. n<'l had p eC' ifi c·a lly provid!'d that " t lw mo ntlily <'fil'll ings c h!'clul e slrnll
not be n1ri !'d fo r \\'Ol'k !' r of th <· anw Ly p(' in
different g1'og rnphin1l a rpa to a nv cr n •a t!' r
ext ent than m ay hl' jus tif-i!'d b\· d ifl';, n.~< ·Ps in
t he c- o t of living." T lw lhr<'<' ·basl's fo r difl'<'renlintion in ,,·agt•s that ha d h('<'ll a do pll•d al
t lw bl'g inning of llw \\'PA prognun co nlinu!'cl
to apply : t h<' d1'gn '<' of s ki ll r!'quired fo r tlw
joh to whi ch Lhl' worker is ass ig ned ; th r , 1•c·tion
of th e countr.v in whil'h lw Ii\'< '.; and th P 11<-g r<'t'
of urbanization of th1• 1·01111Ly in whi c h he ,~
employed .
·
Variation Ill \\':-tg<•s on tlw ba is of skiJI ,,,
proYidr d by fin• wagt• cla ss('S 11nskill 1·d " B ,"
tm. k illt•d " A ." int<· rm !'d i,1 tL· ( !'Ill i. ki]h,d ) , s k iJ ll'cl .
T A BLI-:

12.

S " 11 ~: 1H - LI, 1w ~lo '-'l' II LY EAR;-.; 1;-.;Gs O~'

P1-t o J 1,cT " ' AG

,YP A

Ehl P LU Y i,; ~;s

i,;

CONT JNJ,-:NTAL l lN JTEO STATES
YEAH i<:NlllN<, J t ' NE 30,

C'oun t ies t lassifi('d Hl'l'o rd inl,!, to tht• pop u lation
of tlw lar~t.•st rn u nkipality \

100,000 or mon.•
2,5,IHKI lo 100,tH)()

l ns ki ll,•rl

1

l ~n-

1941

s killed

nlt- r·
11w,li-

" ll "

"A"

ate

~5:? 1.10

-1

,

52 fKJ

$Ii:,.,, HO

ll'-,U. 70

$94. \Kl

,;2 Il l
1;1 Ill

XI. 91)
79. 30

4, JO

.17 20

Fl'\\ t'J Ihno 5,000

:l!I IKI

.J2 90

$,57. :.!O
52.110
50. 711
49 40

$f1:.?. 00

IX Ill

In XO

rrwl' r l han 5.000

14 20

100,000 o r mun,
25,tMKI to HKl,(HI

"'-Hi 'II

12. 90

:1,(lf)(J lfl 25,0()()

:Jti

F'P\\ 1•r th an .~.000

31 :!(I

HI

I

:,o.

,o

I' HI
40. 30
3.1. 10

*~
t,.70
,, 90

\1-1 !JO
\l .10
ifi. 70
68. \Kl

12 'Kl

100,000 or mo rl'
25,111111 I o I 00,000

It,•e hni ea l

74 10
fi7. f,(J

$.,7 20
,\2. tKI

$1~" \M}

1, Ill

.5,0110 to :!.1,00U

.l,00ll to 25,000

Prof(•SSkilh•d sioonl and

fi2 HI

s9 ~o

~Iii ](I

.-.,

:.?O

I VII
7 . lXI

:m

$81 90

~79

HI

74 Ill
fl:!. 10

12. 90

;\I ti()

"

4 . ,Ill

71,_ 711

ifl.

ti)

65. 00
5..'i.ll!I

~~ at!t' J:{l' f!ion I . C' o_nnert 1<·ul, _I >t' law an·. I >istric t of Columhia, I llinms. lo~mna, l ow u,_ .K nnsu.."-, \lmn1.•, \l a ry la nd . \ l assol' hUSl'llS. ) t khi•

g~ a. -'!mn t•so_tn, \l1ssouri , '.':l•~iraska. "'=l''' l l ampsh1n•, "\" t• \\ JC' rst>y,
' "'' 'I ork, ::'\orth l>a k o ta, (.>hto, Pt·nnsylnrni a. Hhodt.\ I sland Sou1h

Dakota. V er mont, \\ Pst \ "1rl,! 111ia, \\ isc·oosm
\ \"ag:t• Region 11_ \ ri ,.ona, Ca l1'nrnin, Colorado, Ldaho

~C',;ada. Ne~,- :\ l r\H'o, On •~on, l tnh. \ \'ash ington, \\'yomin'J:!

·
.\ l ontann

'
\\ .af!.r- Rr ~w~ !1I_ ~ lnh?ma, \ rk ansas. F'lor ida, C1t.• rg:ia, K t'n turkY,
Louisiana. ,~ 1ISS ISS IJ!PI: _'\orth ("'nrnlina, Okl nho11H1, Sou th Carolilla,

'l'rnnesst'(', 1 cios, \ 1rg1111a
'~ inl't'

\ l ar<:lt_lU I I tht.•

t· las~ 1ltt•ot 1011

of

t·11u11t1t•s

has ht'l\Il has,•d on

tlw 19--H~ populati on of tlw rn u ni ·1paht1, •s; pr ior to that tinw tlw rn3o

pop u la110n was ll"'"d

-!8

REPOR~ 0

1

PRO,RE

and p rofc ion a l and tcclm ical. Geographic
diffrrcnccs are t11kC'n into con iclera tion through
Lh c divi ion of Lh c contin(•nta l nitcd State
i11to three wagC' regions: R C'gion I , covering
t he northC'a stern and north crn tral parts of t hC'
country; Rrg ion II , th r western states; and
Rl'gion lll , the souLh eastC'rn and so uth central
cction . A scpara tc w age ch edule ha s b een
esta bli sh ed for the tC'rritori
and possessions.
T o proviclC' for the third ba sis, variation in th e
clC'grcc of mbani zat ion, th e counties within pach
region a r (' gr ouped according to the popu lation
of th e ir largest nnmi cipali tirs: 100 ,000 or more;
25,000 to 100 ,000 ; .5.000 to 25, 000 ; and less than
5,000. 3 Th variaticm i.n wages on these ba es,
from $3 1.20 for th l' lea t sk illed w orkers in the
rura l countil' of R egion III to $94 .90 for hig hly
s killed profc ional and tcclmi cal workers in
the largest citic of R egion s I and ll , are indi cated in th e accompanying sch edule (Table 12).
Th l' nC'ccssity for a certain d egree of fl xibility
in t h e applicn tion of the wage sch edule has b een
r C'CO!l:nized. To allm,· for th e high er co t of
living in area adjacent to large urban cent ers,
a dju tmcnts in wage ratC's h ave been auth o rized
for coun ties or p a rt of co1mtics in ·lucl cd in
m etropolitan cli trict as d efin ed by tbC' censu s.
Sp C'c ia l a clju tmen t in w age rn ks may a lso bC'
a ppliC'd temporarily to i.11cliYiclual proj ect on
,d1i ch t he en t ire labor foreC' or a m a jor p ortion
of it eommutC's to w rk from a coun ty with a
h ig lw r livin g cost.
U nd er current sti1tutory proYi ion a lJ proj ect
wage empl oyees, with ccrtnin sp ecific excep tions, a r c r eq uired to w ork 130 h ours per month
but not more th an
h ours in any day or 40
h our s in any wcrk. Exemptions from thr
lin1ita t ion on h ours of w ork arc p crmi ttecl by
law to protect work a lr ncly done on a project,
to mnkc up tim e los t b ecause of illn C'ss or factor
bcyon l the workl'r ' coJ1trol. to meet an em ergency (such as flood or hurrican e) involving th e
p ublic welfare, nncl to c:-..l )cdit r work on pro jects
certified by th e Sec reta r y of W a r or th e Sec retary of the Navy as bcu1g in1port:1n t for mil itary
or na-val purpo es.
Under t h provision mncl e for ertifiecl defense project , the Commissionc-r of vVork
3

Prior to l\farch 1, HMI, tbc classification of countirs \\ as hascd on the

Fifteenth Census of t he United States, 1930. P opulation . Since tbat
date tbe S"teenth (1940) Census has been tbe basis of classification .

OF THE WPA PRO GRA M

Pro ject in l\[arch 1941 authorized tate WPA
a dminis tr ator to raise the worki.n g sch edul e
o n certified defen se con truction proj ects up to
4 h ours p er w eek, with a prop rtionate incr ease in monthly ea rnin gs . This a uthority
may be u eel on ly wh en all oth er m ean ( uch
ns the use of mul tiple , hifts, the employment
of aclcliti nal worker by th e proj ect spon sor ,
or th e u se of aclclitionnl equipment) are foun I
to be inapplicable or u1 suffi cient . P ermis ion
h as nlso b eC'n g ran t cd to stat e a clmi.nistr ators to
exempt certau1 categori es of WPA tr au1 ee from
th e s tandard limi tation of hours and earning .
TABLE 1 3.- NtJ ,\ IB E R OF H OURS W ORKED
, PROJECT S
OP E RATED BY \YPA . B Y i\IAJOR TYPE OF P ROJECT
CUll VLATl\' E TllRO Ur. H ANO YEAR ENDING J U NE :JQ, 19-11

rumulativl~
throu~h Junr

Type of prnject

30.

1941

~umb('r

P ercent

Y ea r £'nding June

30. 1941

Numb r

Per
c,,nt

---Total
IJ ighways. roads. and stree ts

Publir buildin~s
Rrcrrational facilitirs (C'XC )ud ing building~,
Publir l;- owned or operated
utilities_
Airports and airwayc;

16.~~5. l 79, 744

6. ROI. 680. 825
I. ~78. 69[. 853

1. 297. non. 2."3
I. .oRI. 960. 385
284.822. 160
f\77. fi%. 790
427. 76~. 4f.6

Conc;rrYation _
Sanitation
Se win g
I. 51~. 72i . ?i7
Communit y <sen ·icr (l' X ludin cr
se wing)
2,422, 77fi, 704
National defen ~e ,-ocational
tram ing
1\1isct' llanrn us

40, I "3. 853
463. 959. 188

100. 0 2,476.604.470 100. 0
40.? 948. 321. 332 3R3
.2 224. OAO. 31a 9. 0
7. 7 110. 322. 356 4. 4
9. 4 2fi2. 632, 362
10. 2
l. 7 76,460,604
3. I
4.0 60. 782. 909 2. 5
2. a 31.064, 116 I. 3
9.0 110. 262. 590 7. I
14. 3 490. 11 3,0M 19.
0. 2 40. I, 3. c 53 I. 6
2. 7 66. 450,949
2. 7

In Jm1 e 194 1, L p er cnt of all WPA workers
wer e workin g 1mcler th ese exemption . Ex empted employees w er e mos t numerous on au·port and a irw ay and public buildin gs proj ect .
l\llorc than three-fourth s of the airport work e1
and a t hu·d of the p ers ons employed on public
buildi.I 1g proj ects at th e encl of Jmrn 194 1 w er e
ex mpt cl from the tandard limitatio11 of hour
and ea rnin gs. Th<' c two groups together r epr escn tcd 60 pe reen t of all exempted employee
at that time.
Th e monthly aYCrage of sch eduled homs for
:111 project wage employee h as risen in r ecent
months, largely because of th se exemption s.
Th e u1cr ea e in the numb er of exempted workers, together with ·h anges in th e proportion of
worke1 assigned in the Yarious wage classes,
has al o r esulted u1 a rise in average full - tune

EMPLOYME ' T .\

month!!, rnrn in ~ of a ll ,YP.\ ,,·o rkr rs. ln
JmH' 1941 , fu ll -tim r earnin gs an>rn grd , 59 .o0 ,
a com pared with 56.40 in Jun e Hl40 . Th e
a rragc ch cdul d monthly h ou rs and ea rnin gs
of 1YPA wo rkers nrr som rwlrnt gr l' nt r r than
the iJYr rn ge numb (' I' of h ours aetun ll y work ed
an d amount of cam i.n gs actunlly rcc-<' i,·rd .
Th e diffPn'llCl' is itttribut ab lr cl1idl)' to lo. s of
tim bPcauSl' of illn ess or ot her n•ason s a nd to
interrupti on s in projrct peration r trn nsfcr
between projPcts.
Duru10' th l' fisc a l Yl' a r 1941 . a ll " ~PA proj ect
emplo!-('C, (u1cludu1 g proj ec t , U)Wl'Yi::- rs) ('tHJ1l'd
a total of a1 proximately ·1,11 9, 00 ,000 , for
,,-hi ch th ey wo rk ed about 3,476 ,700,000 J1 ours
(Table 1:3 ) . Th e ho urs worhcl a mo unt ed to 34
pe rcent le than t he total ho ur. fo r th e fi sca l
y enr 19, 9 , th e pcnk year in terms of h ou rs
ea rnin gs, and avl' ra gc cmploynwnt , and to 15
p ercent les, th an th e total fo r 1940 . T ota l
earnu1 gs fo r 1941 rcpr<'sent th e lowes t annual
fi g ure , i:n c t he first y ear of WPA p ration
and a re 40 prrccnt less than t.li e 1939 tota l and
13 pr rc- Pnt lrss than t he t tal e<1rnm gs for th e
fLc-nl :ve,H 1940 .

1--1 .

T A BLE

WPA Jobs in the Various Wage Classes
P er. o n, Pmpl o_nd on ,YPA proj pr•ts di fl'Pr
g rPatly in t heir Ol'CUJrntio nal bac kgro und s tl nd
range from un -killed work(• r to profpss io na l
a nd tec- hn iral J) l' rso rind .
nski ll l•d wo rk<• rs a rc
most adVl' rsd y afl'ec t<'d by un r mpl oynwnl a nd
t hey h a ve a lways bee n t lw most num <• ro1 rs g- roup
among
PA t'l11 plo_v<'l'S. At tlw PIHi o f ,June
1941 1w rso ns ass ig ned in t lw u nsk illPd wage d ass
repre ent ed a bou t fi I ou t of PVl' r y 100 WPA
work l' r . Of t he 61 unskill ed wo rk!' r , :55 Wl' re
a ig ned in th e un kilh•d " A" wage d a s (e hi r fly
manual labo rl'r ) and 6 wer e in th e un s killed
" B " wacre da (whi (' b ineludes uc h wo rkers a
hanvome n , messcngl' r , and janitors).
The r emainder of t he " TPA workl'rs in .June
1941 wen• a "ig rwd to jobs r equiring a hig her
deg ree of kill. Abo ut 17 p er('e nt wcr ' in t he
int erm r diat l' ( l'mi ki ll ed) wage ela s. In t hi s
cla arp found lw lpl'rs to kill ed o r profl'S io nal
and k c hni ca l workl' r ; operator of powl' rclrinn equipm r nt and tool requiring repetitive
manipu lation ( uch as g rad er and jac k hammers); and mos t ofl'i c<" ma <" hi1w 01wn1lo rs.

"T

P is 1w ~;,v 1 \(a; D1 sT R I B U'l' I ON OF P E RlSONlS 1,.; ~IPLO Y E D ON PR O.I E('TS OP E H A'l'E D BY

19,~

---------------1RS7

Ju m· •

--- -·
193 '

Ju ne 29
epternber 21
December 28

..

---- ----

19S9

.. n ..

02. 7

<15. 0

100.ll

00.0

65.

100. 0
IU0.11
100.11

97. 3
9i 3
9fr 7

ii 9
ti9 9

IOU. II
!OIi. II
100.11
100 II

1940
l\l arcll ZI
Ju ne 26
Sept>mb(•r 25
December 26 .. :_

100 II
100.11

M arch
June

25

26

...

100. ll

-·--· -------

IJh. \

\16

4

96. 3
96,

711 . I
65 o

71 0
70 5
70 . Ii

1)2 7

n

,oo. u I

95. 9
05. 4

-----------

i2. 9

9H

Oli, 3

0

I

9fi. g

96.1

100. 11

100

\\ ' ~ ( :E C LA SS

12. 7

13. 3

4. 9

4. 0

II. I
II i
12 I

10. 2
10. 7
11. 5

3. I
3. 0

2

2. 7
3. 3

12 4
14 2
13 5
13.,

11. 2
12 9
9 6
10 0

J. r
35

3. 2
3. 6

2 5

3. 2

9. 7
13 2
13. 0

5
3 2
3. 2

2

3.

14 I

57 7

Ill 3

7.1
6. r

lti 9

59 4

15, 3

.57. 9

,u. r
Ii :l

55. 2

1rc-l1111e!ll

7. 3

tlO ,
Ml!

65. 0
3

\ isory
e mploy=

4. 4

9
6. 6

4

~ioo:1 I nod

Skilled

12. 3

60. 7

5

61

61

Profes-

11. 0

9. 6
9.

5. 9
7. I

fi:J. H
66.

.i U J)('f -

l nterlllf'dia te

Group

100. 0

l\l a rch 22
Jun,, 21
eptPmbrr 2i
Deeember 27

19,p

8)

Cnsklllert '
Total

-----

\\'P A ,

P roJl'Ct

Orand
tota l

P ·ri od

June •

49

D E ,\RNL G

3.

2 2

II. 6

1II.3 5

I

2. 7

3. 7

I

4. 0

3. 9

2. 9

3. 7

3. 0
3 3

4.

I

4. 6

' \V it h the ina u~uration of the ne\\ schr<lult• of monthly l'll rnin ~s o n Srptrmbn 1, 1939, os pn•sc•nht•cl in <h•nC'ral Order ~To. I, thr unsklllt'd wage
class was di\·1dNI 111to two j?roups: group "B. '' 111cludi11~ workt •rs 3...-.;si~npd johs of a rout int•, s unpl1·, nonhazardous nature, and group ".\ ," 111clu<l1112
w ork rs assig-n d to typrs of work normall) <lorn• hy ronstnic·tion and J!t•rn·ral labon·rs and to rout1lll.' clcri cu l work .

• Data a re

bn,,c,I on

pay rolls ending d uri ng llw fi rs t hair or the montb.

50

REPORT ON PROGRESS OF THE WPA PRO GR AM

TAB l,E 15.- PER ENTAGE DIS'J'RlB UTION OF PERSON,· l~~IPl,OYED ON PROJECTS OPERATED BY W'PA ,
PROJECT AN D BY WAG E CLA SS

BY

TYPE OF

J UN E 2,5 , 19-t I

P roj(•ct wa{!(' e mployees

Type or project

nskilled

,rand

total

Total

super•
vis ry

C' mployecs

Grou p
Group
"B"
"A "
------------ ------

Total

--·-·------------

Project
Professional
Interand
mediate I Skill d
technical

100.0
61. 3
fi. l
55. 2
17. 3
95. 4
--------100 0
07. 7
95. 8
0. l
67. 6
13. 7
------- ------11 i!! hw ays, road s, and stree ts _ __
100. 0
9.o. 8
Q. I
IJ. c
73. 8
73. 7
Puhlic huilding-s
100. 0
9S. 7
49. 2
49. l
16. 2
0. l
Hecreational faci li ties (e,eludin~ buildings)
100. 0
911.1
64. 5
0. I
64 . 4
13. 8
(A)
Pu hlicl y ow nrrl or op(' ratC'cl utilit ics
100. 0
95. 8
17. 3
66. 9
66. 9
Airport s aod airw ays _
I00.0
06. 2
0. 1
73.0
72. 9
11. 6
Co nsf'n ·af io n _
100. 0
9S. 3
0.1
n6. 1
14. 4
6G.
95. r,
IOO 0
5.I
I .3
Sanit atio n
0.1
58. 0
100. 0
92. 7
En girn:t.' ring sur veys
16. 6
0. 5
16. l
3.5. 9
100. 0
.o9. I
95. 3
0. I
59. 0
14. 2
Other
'= = = ~ = = = = =
l>i vision of C'o111 111uni1,y ~cr vicP Program s
100. 0
95. 7
•17.8
21. 6
26 2
25.8
--------Puhlic acti\· itit•s
94 4
13. 7
I00. 0
3. 5
IO. 2
31 3
100. 0
Rf'Sf'a rch and n.'c·ord s
%.3
SI. .o
13. 5
J.0
12. 5
IOO. 0
Welfare
96. 5
72.
35. I
3i. 7
16. 3
l00. 0
96 7
Other
57. 3
23. 2
35. 3
22.0
National dcf<•nsC' ,·oca tiona l tra111irw:
100 fl
9i. I
S9. 3
0. I
19. 2
59. 2
IOO fl
Other
!i9. I
20. 2
0. 4
19. R
IS. 0
Total

l)i \' is ion of Oprrntinns.

13. 5
12. 9
8. 9
28. 3
16. I
10.1
10. 3
12.6
l (l. 9
30. 8
20. 2
14. 3
28. 5
22. 8
5. 5
12. 9
16. 2
23 0

3. 3
I. 5
I. 3
2.0
1. 7
1. 5
I. 3
1. 5
2. 3
9. 4

4. 6

i. 8

4. 3

20. 9
7. 5
1.9
3. 3
3. 0
0. 9

5. 6
4. 7
3. 5
3. 3

LS

4. 2
4. 2

4. 3

3. 9
4. 2
3.
•I. 7
4. 4
7. 3
4. i

2. 3

•10 9

" L ess t lrnn 0.0.11 pt.>rtt' n l.

Tcarl _v 14 pci-c1·n( wen' in th e kill ed wag1· class,
which includ l's . uch " ·idcly vari ed occ up at io ns
as Lhosc of c-a rp cn Le r, roofer, power-shovel ope rator , and sh ee t-metal worker. vVo rk ers assig ned to jobs in the profess ional and tec hni cn l
wage class which made up Hbout 3 p er cent of t lw
total ar c archiLects, engin eers, r co·is tcred nurses ,
writer , and oLhers with co nsickrable trn ining
in r ecog ni zed profrss ionnl , sc ient ifi c, nnd techni ca l field s. The r1'maining 5 percent represented sup ervi so ry p er. onn cl.

Some of th e WPA women workers are employed on cann ing
projects

TJ1 e numb r of work ers assign ed to th
trn skilkd wage classes ha s been relati"vcly larg st
whc11 to tal employ m en t is higl1 and mall est
wh en employment is at a low leve l. In September l 93S , for example, w hen WPA employ m C'Jlt wa s n ea r its p eak , w orkers in tl1 e rn1 skillccl
g roup r epresen ted about 72 p ercen t of all proj ect
employees. , vhcn ,vPA mployment r cacl1ccl
its lowest lev el at th e end of .Tun e 1941 , h owever,
on l)r Gl percent of th e work ers wer e il1 th e
un s kill ed wage classes. At tliat time abo u t
17 pe rcent were assign ed to th e in te rrn rd ia te
g rnup as comp a red to 1:2 per ent in , r pt emb er
rn:3 8. ,Yorkers nssign ecl to th r skillc-d w:1 0 r
cla ss represented about 13 percent of total
emp loyment u1 Jun e 194 1 and 11 p r n t ill
Scptrm br r 1938.
In g-e11 cral, un skilled work ers m a ke up a
largl'r slrnrr of the vYPA t'mployment in rural
than in urban areas. ' '\ 'o rkc r:=: assign r cl in th e
un skilled wage classes Ht th e end of ,J un e 1941
rcpre cntecl n early 68 percent of the proj r ·t
l'mploymcnt ill rural co un tics wh er e th e large t
town h ad less than 5,000 il1 l1 a bitant . In th e
highly urban co U11 tie eonta.inin g cities with
100,000 or more il1habitant , however, barely
56 percent of the workers were ill th e tm skill ed
gro up . ·w orkers a sig11 ed to th e interm ediate

EMPLOYME TT

51

wage cla sse reprc entcd a bout Hi perc n t of
th e cmpl oy m en t i:n th<' ru m l co un t ir and l 9
p er cen t i:n large· urb an comnnmi tics. Th e c
differ c11 cc. bc hH'('ll url an an I rural a rcas asr
closely rela,t pci to the ki11d s of p roj ec ts und ertak<'n , whicl1 in turn r efl ect diffe ren ce both u1
th e kind s of facil iti e, and serv ices rpq uirecl mid
i:n t he occ up ation a l bac kg r unds of th e un em ployed worke rs who a re ligiblr fo r WPA jo bs .
Th e va riou s types of proj ec t differ con sid e rably in th e kind s of work ers t hey r eciuir('.
Proj ects for the con s trn c tion or improYem cnt
of hio-hways, road , and tr eets utili ze r ela tive ly
more 1111 killed work ers than any other kirnl of
con s truction activ ity. vVorkers assigned i:n tl1 e
tm kill ed wage clas cs represented 74 percent of
the total on highway proj ects at th E· end of
June 1941. Sm ee this ku1d of improv ement is
mos t urgently n eeded u1 rural area and al so
provid es jobs for large numb Prs of un skill ed
worke r , it mak es up th e g reater part of th e
WPA program m th e pars cly se ttled section s
of th e country . Public builclu1 gs proj ec t , on
th e oth er h and , r cquise r elatively la rge numhc rs
of high ly skilled workers. More than 2 p~rcent of th e work er on th e e proj c ts w e re
as ig.n ccl in th e skilled wage class . an l a li ttle
less than h alf of tl1 cm w c rr cla ssifi ed a un kill ed .
Commun ity ser v ice projec ts as a o-ro up provid ed
job for r ela tively lar ge numb ers of prof ssiona l
and technical workers. Thi. was parti cul arly
tru e of the public actiYitics proj ect , on which
more than a fifth of th e workers w e re teac he rs,
arti ts, writers, mu sician s, and otl1 er assign ed
in th e profc i011al and technical w age class.
Th ese community serYicc project occupied a
mu ch more promin ent po ition u1 the WPA
proo-rum s of urban centers than in tl1 osc of rural
areas wh er e few un employed worker s with exp erien ce in pro fessional , technical, and l erical
fi eld s were eligible for WPA employ m ent.

imp eding t h e' rdurn of \-VPA wo r kr r. to private
o r oth er pub liC' cmploym l'nt. Tlwy arc al o a
con id cration ill Lh scl ecLion of pro j ects for the
1VP A program .

Characteristics of WP A Wo rk e rs
Employ m ent o ppor tuni ties in t h e Ja l o r mark et are d et ermined to a con sid erab le extent b)'
u ch factor as ex, ag ', and race, a w 11 as by
th e s kill and exp e ri ence of Lh e wo rker s. Th e ('
facto rs do no t a ff ect cligibili ty f r WP A empl oym ent except t hat t h e minimum age rcq uu·e m ent
is 18 years, but t h ey urc important in aiding or

TABLE

J 6.- xu~IBER

OF \\' OMEN E~tPLOYED ON PtWJ-

1,;('TK OPER ATE D BY \ VPA
(it' \HTEHJ Y, DECEMREH J93,'l- Jt 1 N E 19-11

Nu Ill her

Date
1936

March 3L -Ju ne 30
September 29
December 29 __
March 30
June 29
Septem ber 28
December 28

12. I

--

4-10. 193
387,841
39:l. 825
3S2. 963

15. 3
17. 2
15. 7
16. 4

----

354. 639
323, 27.,
256,369
284,005

16.
18. 2
17. 7
17. 0

------------------------

33.,_ 612
372,058
409, 954
405. 665

13. 7
13. 3
13. 1
13. 5

-----------

391, 442
352, i84
251,071
33:l. 620

13. 6
14. 6
14. 6
16.1

367. 062
243, 276
264,611
323,288

16. 6
15. 4
16. I
17. 7

312, 12.S

18.

/936

------

1937

-

----------1938

/939

Ma rch 29
June 28
Scptem ber 27
D ecember 27 __
M arch 27 ___
Ju ne 26
Sept mhe r 25
December 26_

1940

-- -- - - - - - - - -

---- - -----1941

March 2H

June 2.,

l'ercen Lof
all workers

330. 732

Dece rn ht:ir 24

March 25
Ju n 24
September 30
December 30

I

2-14.814

19. 2

Th e gr eat m a jority of th e vVPA work ers are
m en . Women employed on WPA pro j ec ts at th e
end of Jun e 1941 made up a li ttle more than 19
p er cen t of th e total employ m en t . Thi s proport ion w as th e hig h est in the hi story of th e probram . A yea r earlier , wh en total employm ent
was con s id erabl y hig he r, women represen ted
only 15 p rccn t of th e workers, and in ome
earli er mon th th e proportion wa s as lo,v as 13
p e rcen t. Th e June 194 1 ratio , how ever , was
only slig htly high er th an t ho c re rd ed during
th e a u tumn of 1937, wh en vVPA employm en t
wa s at a ·orres p ndin gly low le vel.
"VVom n wo rk ' rs con s ti tu tc a smaller p roportion of t h e total 1VPA cmpl y m cnt th an th ey
d o of t bc tota l nati onal labor force. Data from
th e 1940 cn su. indi caLe that wom en mad e up
n ea rly a fo urth o f a ll th sc in th e labo r for ce, a
compare I wilb 1; to I 9 p r en t of the \YPA
work C'r · du ring- th e va ri u. m on tb s ince t h e

52

1

REP RT

PROG RESS OF 'l'H E

beginnin g of t bc WPA program . Thi s diffcren ·t'
re fl ec ts prirnnrily t hr fart th nt mo t \YPA job
are giY en to bead , o f fa milies.
T AB l,E 17.
:\'u11B ER OF CE11T r , 1ED \ Vo 110:ns E~1PLOYED ON \ YPA PnoJECTr<, BY AGE Cno u P AND BY

SEX
CONTI NENTAL llN JTED STAT E S

.\rRIL ;JO . 1941

\ gl• group (yea rs )

.M en
\V ome □
Total
-----:---~-----

N

Per-

b

---- ___::__:_1cen t

1~
N'

1

I Per-

N um-

Prrcent

ce nt ~
1

I. 451. 755 JOO. 0 I. 190. 43\l JOO. 0 261. 316 100. 0
--'2 i
21. 93~
I. 5
H.~82
1.3 1 7,056
114 . 80,\
i.9
92. S!\4
7.8 21.951
s. 4
157. 9fi4
133, 923 11. 2 24.041
9. 2
10. 9
16-1 , 193 11. 3
135, 710 II. -1 28. 483
10. 9
IG3, 201\ 11. 2
129. 758 10. 9 33. 448
12. 8
I&~. 14 7
13. 0
149. 99,1 12. 6 38. 1.12
14 . 6
12. \l
I 2, 3iti 12. 8 34, 755
13. 3
187, 131
11. 9
140, 472 11. 8 :J I. 097
171 , .ltl9 II. 8
145, 20.\ 10. 0
121,425 IO. 2
9. I
780
7. l
88,093
i. 4 23.
14 . 895
5. 7
102. 988
2.
4
30,951
2.
6
I. 4
3,
65
34, fi09

Total

--,

lb- 19

20- 24
25-29
---- - - -30-34 __ - - -- - ---3f>-39 . __ ------- -40-44 ----------4.'>---49
50-54
.\f>-.19
ll0-64
65 and ove r. __

I

I

Th e m a jority of \\TA ,rnrkC' rs a rc over 40
.vea rs of age. A survey of all Cl' rtifi e I work ers
employed n projects finan ced from WPA fund
at t he encl of Apri I 194 l incl icn tecl that th eir
m edinn age was iwarly 43 ycnr . Abo ut oneth ird (32 p1•rccnt ) of th e workers were und er 35
year of ag(' , nearly half (4 9 percent ) in th e
middl e ag<' groups from :35 to .54 ,vt·ars, and tlw
r emaincl er . appr oxima tcly one-fift h . wer e .S.5
yea rs of nge or old er.
Th e wom en work ers were li ghtly yo unge r
th an the m en , or 42 as c·omparl'd with n ea rly
T A BLE

18.

P EH(' El\'T AG E

1) 1,-T HI Bl' T JON

OF'

WP A PROGRAM

43 ye ars

f age on t he average. Th e proport ion of m en a ncl of women wb werc in th e
yo un ge r age g roup (un !er : 5) were approx imately Lhe sam e. A larger proportion of th e
wom en th an of the m en wa in each of th e age
g roup r anging from 35 to 54 yea r an I the
opposite was tru e f th e older age gr oups
(55 y ar and ov 'r ) .
1
1'\'PA work er m 1941 were consid erably
old er, on th e average , th an all workers in th e
nati onal labor force. The m li an age f all
work er accorcli11 g to th e 1940 Cens us was 36
years, as co mp ared wi th n ea rly 43 years for th e
\\' PA work ers. A part of this clifferen
is
aLtribu table to th e regu lation preven ting th e
employm ent of persons und er 1 years of age
on '?11PA projects. Th e fact th at th e. programs
of th e N YA and th e CCC provi le jobs for
yo un g 1w rson and th e res tri .tion of \YPA jobs
primarily to h eads of fam ili ar . also factors.
lf th e compari son i limi ted to workers 18
years of age and over , th e differen ce is r educed
slightly. Th e m edian for workers in thi s more
limi ted age gro uJ was abouL 37 years for all
workers and 43 years for 'WP A workers.
Th e chief differ en ce between th e distributions of WPA " ·orker and th e total labor force
OCCLU'S in th e groups from 40 to 64 years of age.
Abo ut 55 p er mt of th e WPA p ersonnel in
April 1941 were in this age r an O'C', which inelud es on l)1 37 percent of th e total la bor force.
Lit tle diffl'r en ce bet\\·een th e two listribu t ions

WPA

'N onKE R S ,

BY

A GE

CnouP AN D BY

EX

CON TINENTAL U N I TED S TATES
~0 \' EM IH , H 193i, F' EBRL' ARY 1939, AND .APRIL 19,ll

November 193i"

Age group (years)
Total

I

Men

W omen

Apri l 194 1 c

F ebru ary 1939 u

Total

I- I
M en

W omen

I

Total

I-

Men

\\' omen

100 U
100 0
100 0 I
JO() 0
JOO. 0
100 0
100 0
100 0
100. 0
- - - ---- ---- ---- ---- - - - - - - - - 1. ;;
I. I
2. 3
I. 6
I. 5
2. 2
I. 5
I. 3
2. 7
Z0-24
' ·. b I
7. 2
10. 5
II. 0
II. I
IO. 4 1
7. 9
7, 8
8. 4
25-29
lo
10.9
10.~
13.8
14 . 3 1
I0.5
10.9
11.2
9.2
11. 5
11. 5
II. ,
12.
13.0
11.4
11. 3
11.4
10,9
30--34
--- __ ------- --- ---- - __
12. fi
12. 1
14 .7
12.2
12. 0
13.5
11.2
10.9
12.8
35--39
---- - ---- ----- __ ----- _
40-44
12. 7
12.5
13.9
11.7
11.4
13. 4
13. 0
12.6
14. 6
-15--19
12.6
12.6
12.5
10. S
10.6
12.5
12.9
12.
13.3
,j()-54
11.7
12. 0
IO.I
10.3
10.2
11.0
11.S
11.
11. 9
55-59
7.
8. 4
8. 3
8. 6
10. 0
10. 2
9. 1
9. 5
9. 9
ll0- 64
.
6. 6
7. 0
4. 7
5. S
5. 9
5. 3
7. I
7. 4
5. 7
65 and over __
3.2 1
1. 3 1
1.6
1.7 1
1.2
2. 4
2.6
1.4
2. 9 ,
::vr eel ia n age <years)
40. I
39. 4
39. 2
40. 7
42. S
42. 9
42. I
42. 4
42. 9
---~-A Co,·ers certified and non certified " "PA workers em plovecl in :'\ n,•<
)mber l 93i.
1-1 Covers rcrt~fied \YPA worke rs l'lllployecl in Fehruary ·1939 whose certifica tions were con tinued in the ren e,\ o f need conducted a t that time.
c C overs certified W PA worke rs em ployed on April 30, 194 1.
Total

lb- I ~

ElVl P L O YM E " J' AND EAH l

ext L 111 Lh e age grou ps fro m 25 to 39 years.
Y o un g wo rk er from l to 24 year of 11ge,
h owe ver , re presen led l " ·ice as la rge a pro portion of Lh c to l a l labor fo rce n,s of th e \\. PA
work t'r . R ela tively k w \\'PA wo rk e rs 11·er e
in tb e ,tgl' g ro up 65 and o ver. 1 1a n y pe rson s
in thi agl' g ro uJ r ece ive bcn efil s und er th e
oc ial ecuri ty prnKram fo r o ld -:i ge a::;s ist~11 1ce.
J cgro work prs, w l10 repreSL'll l ed a pproxim at ely 16 perce n t o f th e \\TA toLa l on Ap ril
30, 194 1, wer e ill gc11l'ral o m cwli al yo unger
th a n Uw ,vhi tc worke rs cmplo_vl'd on lh e program . Th eir m edi an ag was 4 1 years, us
compa red with 43 yea rs for wh ite work e rs.
egr o wom en on \YPA rolls, wh ose m edi a n age
" Ta 3 years, we rl' y oun ger tl 1an N egro m en ,
f r wh om th e median a 0 e wa 42 yea r . Th e
differ en ce bcl wcen th e m edi an ages of wl1i tc
m en a nd wom en wa only a bo ut fiv p m onths
(43.3 and 42.9 year s, r esp e Linly ).
Con sid e ra ble vari a ti on cxi l ed a m on g th e
stat in lh l' average agl' o f 'iYP A , o rk er on
April 30 , 194 1. ln l' igh t o u th crn ta l es th e
m edi an age of vVP A workers was 40 years or
le s, and in 13 oth er s l a t es it was over 45 years,
a compared witl1 43 years for wo rkers ill the
con tin ent al U n ited S ta tes as a 11·h ole.
WPA wo rkers in la rgl' ci ti cs we re orn ewli at
old er tlitw th o e in th e r e t of Lh e co un try. In
urba n a reas hn.vi.n g a p opulati on o f l 00 ,000 or
m or e th e a ,·ernge n,ge of \YP A 11·ork e rs 11·as a pproxima tely 44 yrn r s, wh crca work er s in th e
r em aind er o f th e co untry itvc 1·ag<·d 42 year .
Th e m en empl oyt•d in m:1jor urb :111 areas 11·er e
T ABLE ] 9 .-

P ERCENTAGE D I ST RIBUT I ON OF 'r H t~ LABOR

FoncE I N T H E

l.JN 1TED STAT E s,

B i · A GE

G 1t o

PA

M AHCll 24 - 30, 1910
A.J.!e group <~ears)

Total
14- li

I - 19
20- 24
2.i- 29
30 34

3,1· 39
40-4 4
4[- 19
50 .i i
5.5-.59

Total

~
~1~
25
23
2. Y
0

4 I
12 5

1:1. 6

12 9
121
II 4
IO. ,1

f,

11

o

12.2

II I
IO. 0
9 2

9 R

7 8
5. 9

60- 1\4

I 2

6.1 ancl o\'er

4 0

X. 5
6. 6
4. i
4, 6

36 O

:11 6

) l edian R!!e (yen rs)

7 l,
20. 9
15. .i

123
10. S
.7
7. :i
5. fi

3. 9
2. 6
2. 0
31. 2

'Ba~ <I o n prC' linlimH \' data from 1910 \en-; 11s of Pop ul utio n ( Ht•lease
P I , "\o ~)
In cludes 1ic r-.on s 11 yc.n rs of a~ e and o,·er \\ ho wcire em pl oyed or seekin g employment durmg th e,, eek of 1\larch 2 1 30, J9HI

US
CHART 6

PERCENTAGE

DISTRIBUTION
Of
WPA
BY
AGE
GROUPS
A.pdl 1941

and

F"ebn.lary

WORKER S

1939

rel>< u•"I I ~

• J

-

.Jll

,_

,_

A,p,11 UM ~

-

nl

-

two a n d on C'-ha lf years older Lh an WPA men
clst' wh er e (44 .5 as co mp an ·d with 42.0), b ut
th e wo m en i11 lh e la rgl' citi e ,n•r c t wo an d on ehalf year yo un ge r lh:tn t l1 e " ·om en in otl1 N
sec ti on s o f th e co untry (40.5 a eomp ar ed with
43. I year s of age).
The m r cli a n nge of projec t wo rk (' r wa on ly
h nlf a yea r h igh er in Apr iJ l 94 1 t li an in Novem b e r J 937 wl 1r n to ta l l\'PA empl oym en t wns at
a pp rox irnnLdy t he nm c lo w lcvcl. 4 TJ1 r m ed ian
ag t· for m en wa a bo u t 43 yC'a r in both p e ri ods,
bu l t he m edi a n age for w m en wo rkers w as
a bo ut t wo yea r h ig he r in 194 1 tlrn n in 1937.
Compari son o f th e age di s tributi on o f 7PA
wo rke r in Ap ril 1941 wi th th at in F ebrn a ry
19:39 , on lh r o th e r h a nd , n ·venl s con sid l'rablc
liffl' rcn cc. T h(' m edin n age of wo rk e rs i.n
April 1941 was almo t, three and a h a lf yra r s
hi gh r th nn in Fe brn a ry 19:rn, n ea rly 42.8 a
compared with :19.4 years. Rela ti vely fe w er
wo rk ers w er e in t li l' agC' groups und er 40 ycn rs
in April J 941 than in F e bru a ry I g:rn, and m o re
we re in t he l1ig her nge gro u p . Th e difl'<'rcnce
lw tween tlw two years is altribu ta hl P lnrgcly
to tlw ('h nrnC'lc r of t li c em plo_ynw n l c·h ,mg<'s t l1 at
oc·c·1 11 H•d hl'l Wt'<'n 19:37 and I 11-11 . Bl'l we<·n
19:~7 nnd I g:rn n m 11r ked expa n s ion o f \V PA ernplo,vnwnt o<·c· 111TNI, in th r cour <' of 11·h ic h la rge
n umb ers of wo rk(' rs C'O nsiderab ly _younge r t h nn
lh l' t_vpiC'n l wo rke r in I 11:37 we re 11<lded to t he
\V PA ro ll . 1VIH•n 11ri rntl' emp loym en t Pxpand l'd 11 nd 11' P.A r mpl o:vm eHt wns n•du('rd

'i,

4 'l'lw .-. tlf \ n in ,
as "t:11 11:-- t:en 1fiecl

o, ('lllht.:r

l~lJi co, (•rt·d a ll " ' PA work ers, nonce, t 1fird

54

REPORT O

PROGRESS OF T H E WPA PR GR A M

between 19:39 nnd 1!)4 1, t hese )7 0tmge r wo rkers
wC'n' able lo o hl a in jobs in privnte indu try
more r ellClily than their elder .
During llie period from 19:39 to l 941 t he
m ed ian nge fo r th e m en employed on \ VP A
proje ·ls increased by tbree and a h alf yea rs as
comp a r d wit h an in Tease o f only about a year

and a ha lf fo r women wo rkers. Th e actual
numb er of m en decr ea. eel 51 p er en t, but th e
number of women decr ea ed only 29 perce nt.
Thi difference r eflect thr more num crou
r mp loymcn t oppo r t uni ti cs t hat exi t for men
Urn n for women in th e currently expan ling
defense industri es.

FINANCIAL SUMMARY
Proj rc Ls Admini s tr.1li oll net i,· ili <·s ar '
finan ced prima rily from F ed (' ral fund s nppl'Op ri nt ecl b y Con gr ess, b u t a large s h arr o f lh c
cos L i m r l by th r s tntr and loca l a ge ncies thal
prop ose a nd pon sor 1i\TPA proj ec ts. Near!)' nil
th r po11 sors' fund s arc usl'CI for m alr ri a l , cquipm r nl , nncl othrr non labor it <•rn s o f proj c<:l co ' l.
W PA (F cl cra l) fund , on l li e ol h r r h alld , arc
u sed ch ie fly lo pa:v th e "-ages of proj ect wo rk ers;
th r amount of 11-PA fund s aYailable , lh c· rdon·,
limit tlw numb r r of ,rnrk crs lhnt ca n i) p emplo)red und r r the program . T h e lotaJ F r d eral
a ppr opriation f r tb r iY PA program in t h t' fi sC' nl
y ear r ncling Ju n e 30, 19-clc l, wa s llH' sm a Jl est
amount mad r a vai lable for t h is purpose excPpt
in Lh fisc a l yrar 1936 " ·h r n tl1r progr::nn w:, s
inau g ur ated. S pon sor s' co nl rihulion , h o 11·-

W

ORK

ever, ,vcrc larger than in any pr 'Yio us y ear.

of t lH· Tn•as ur:v Deparlnwnl for t il l' wmk rC'li rf
s upply funcl ; $ n,4-clc0 wa s tr:rn s fe rrrd lo th e P ost
Ofhc e D epa r tment for ex pt·11 Sl'S o f l h e nit ecl
Stat Offi ia l l\ l nil and l\lessc ng-t' r Se1Ticr; m1d
$ 1,2.'i0 11·a tran s f< •l'f't'cl lo t h P Oflicc• o f Acl mini trato r , Fed era l \ \'orks Agl' n c:v , fo r a dmini s lrati n· ex pl'l1 SPS. Aftl'r ll1 <'Sl' d c•cl uct ion s had he en
m ade. ,I !l e l lotttl o f ,' I ,:-rno,0.10,000 11·ns left
nnti lnh le to th e W PA fo r t h e )Tl':ll' 's opl'ra li ons.

TABLE

T HE

Y EAR

END I NG

J L•N ;;

30.

Arn nunt
pec1t:ic appropri ations.

ERA .\ ct, fisca l yea r 19-11 (Ju ne 26, 19-IIJl
Public Law No. 9. i,<h Congress (~ tar. I, 19-11).
R ea ppropriated bala nces from prior F: RA Acts._._. __

$9i 5, R50. 000
3i5, 0011, 000
' 30. !i39. 960

Total fund s avai lah le Lu \I' PA
Less transfe rs of \\' PA fund s to:

Appropriations

Of th e gr oss a m ou nt macl r nrnilahle lo t h
1YPA for tlH' y ear, :97.5.(i:'iO,OOO 11',l s approp ri a l Pd by th e ERA Act, lisca l .n ar I 9-clc I , aJtd
·:-nr-i.000,000 wa add ed h~T a , upplcnw ntal
a pprop ri,,tion (Public La"- ~o . 9, 77th Con g r es , nlso referred to as th r C'rgrnt D dici<' 11 cy
Approprintion A t, 1941 ) nppr n-cl o n .:- l :llTli l,
1941 . 1n a ddition to th e $1,:3 ,50,6 .50,000 ill 11 · 11s pprop riati ons, $:30,.5-clc0 ,000 in un o hli g aled halnn cl' n ·mainin g from pn·Yiou s ERA acts 11·as
r e npprnprinlPd, mnkin g n g rn ss tota l of
1,:38 1, 190,000 availa b le for lh 1• fi sc al :vear HM I .
Ledu c·l ion s were mad <' from tl1i s fu n d for
Y:11' iou purpose . Th e ,rnwun l of $22.1.0 00
wn Lr nnsfc n w l Lo t lll' Procun• m e nl Dil' ision

\\' PA
1941, BY

2O. -AMOU NT OF FUND S AVA I LABLE TO

Dl' RI1'G
Ol"R E

1, 381, 189,960

Federa l \\' o rks Agency, for ndmin istralion
$ 1,250
Procu r meat Di,·is ion, for \\" o rk Relief
Suppl y Fund
225,000

Pos t omce Depa rtment. fnr U.S. OOicia l
~Inil and 11esse ng:er Ser vice

13, -:MU

239. 690

I, 3811, 9,50, 270

Net fund s availah le to \\'PA

'In cludes $8,86~. 559 of 193, and 1939 set fund s which continuerl to he
avai lahle fo r obligation on Federal const ru tio o proJccts thrnue:h pro•
,·is ion s of the fi scn l yc:1r 1911 act: of this amount, $7 ,Z"S,887 wa s a\·a ilahle for projects op rat ed hy II' rA and $1 .., i.,,1>72 for \\'P .\ projects
onerated hy other Fedrrnl :.H!.t'ncics.
ou rce. Based o n reports uf tbe LT S. Treasury Dep'lrtment.

Allocations of WPA Fund s
.:-lo t of tli e fulld m,lclC' nvai la hl c to the
\YPA wer e alloC'ated for projects t hat it o p cratrd
direct ly. The s um of $ 1,2 9,777,000, or 93
1wn·<·nt of th e toL,1 1, was :dlocntrcl for t h is purpost' . Ah o ul 3 percl'nl, or $-clc:3J02,000, wa ,
55

56

REPORT O . PR0(3RE

TABLE 21. - AMO
T OF WP A F' ND>- ALLO CATED TO
OTHER
FEDEl\AL
Ar.ENC- I E>FOR
\YPA PRO.I EC-Tb
l NDEH T IIE EHA AcT, F1 sC-AL Y EAH 19~ I. BY
A ,ENCY'
0

I IIH Ot'f: 11 JL'NE :}0, 1941

--A-~e__11_")_ _ _ _ _ , _ _•_
r o_t_a1_

I 4 2.12ti. 420

Total
th •portm~nt of A gri eulture

A1mcultural

AdJustm,•nt

11. 203,049

I

\\'ork
projects

$40.4 o l . J03
1
10. 7c 5. 03:i

I

Adrnm1stratioa
<J .67.5.3 17
44 . 014

Ad-

m lll lStr a l 1011

A~ri cult ural Ec11111m11c·s

A~n cultural t-l arkt>tin ~ Sen · ice
Dairy Industry
l':otomolo~y and Plant Quarantine _
Fon•st Servicr
ll omt• Economics
__ _
·auoaal A1m c11ltural Research
(',,nter
Soi l Consrn ·ation SPrvirr
0<'n,•ra1 ad min ist r ative ex-

3fi. 034

36. 034

57. 973
I . 111 .0 3

4.

n,.1iti3

4,353, f1S1;

127. 22'

57,97:J
1. II 1.0 3

44b, 014

Pf' ll !'-('S 8

77 , MH

3. 232

~.917
50 . ()09

' . 72 1
48. 873

1. 1%
2.03fi

5. 247. 157

.\03S.ti:i11

208. 507

5 14 . 37,
42. S27
43. b5b
4. 134. 9.1

49f. l~.J'J
40, ,2r.
4 2. Ill.I
3. 969. :i74

19. 2m
I. 701
l. 753
321

o ll.4 09

49 1. 046

20. 4.13

hf). 000
4 51. 499

57,f,02
433. 414

2. ~Yh
lb 11.'>5

l.fil i2. 42 1
120. 000

1.•'>%.:136
I 19. 5011

hll. 0~1

I!. :> 71. 2fl3

lO. 9Jfi, 41~

4:'>I. b45

21i0, 4 lfi

2'>0.11011

10. 4lti

4911, s1,,,7

470. m,n

l~I. ti21

144,
34S, 705

13V.O. ,
33 1. ,;,

5. 7tl4
13. -..,27

799. 4i4

7fi7 ..\ (13

~I, 971

10, 1..£1), 227

10. 4 59. IOI

432. 12fi

\\'!'atber Burea u

,--

n ,• a eral Land om,, ..
Indian Alfairs

~ ational Park ~rn·ict1

H'- . 014

~o. ~26

Coast and Ot.•odt•11r Surn•y ____ _

Fish and \\' ilclltft' St•r\'icr _

70. ll
9 1. 19
16 '4f10

4. 73• . li63
4. 3.13 ..15G
127.228

D,•panmrnt of Comrnf'rC('

l )(•partmf' nt oftlw I nt erior ______ _

70. 0
9 1. 19
Jf, , 450

I

w,.

Tnritories and l!-land PoSSC'ssion~

}.. Jaska- m1sc·,•llam•ous _____ _
Y1r?in l sland <l),•partment of Lahor Labor Stat ISll C'S

.

L1hrnr y of Conrn •ss
_
Drpartment o f tlw Na,·y : Yards
and Docks
F,•dt•ral Security A~t' nC).. Oa1ct•
11f Edura lion __ _________ _
n,•partment of the TrN,s.ury __ __

,,2

foac;;t Guard
____ ___ ____ _
lliY iswn of Tax RrSt•a rrh ___ _

\ ,•tnnn ~· Adm101 s,rat1on
\\":u l)ppartnwn1 (Juarl~rmas tn
f'o rps

' lrn:lud ('S fund ~ madP a,·a1 lahlt· undn Puhhr La ,v
~ress( ~l arrh I. 1~41 ).
u ;\'ot disl ribu11 •<1 hy agvnry.

.soo

OF T HE WPA PROGRAM

m a d<• axnilnble from t he 1ww app ropriaLion
,lllcl Llw ren111i11d <•r ($ 1,576,000) rl'prt•s<•ntecl
u11ob ligall'd lw lance of fund ' d ,1 id !' und er
pn•,·io us net fo r th e completi on o f F ed pra l cons tru ct ion projl'el . Th e ."42 . 1::W.000 in ne" ·ly
:1ppropri:1tl'd fund wa di tributl·d nm n g 24
bun· nus, oflfr< •s, and incll'pendl'nl l'Slnblishnwnt s. :-lorl' th:rn ha lf t hi n.m ou nt. however ,
\\"('Ill l o t lw \Yar nnd NaYy Dl' p,trtnwnt . The
Burefl u of Ynrd s flncl D oc k - of l h<'
n,7 D epnrtnwnt rl'ee in,d
11 ,3 71 ,000 for ncl li tion
rind improv!'nwnt a t it s hipy nrd s, Al'd nncl
nir lrn.s<' , n11 I o lh l'r tations nlong t he At lant ic,
Gulf , and Pa ci fic- Coasts. F o r s imilar work at
nrmy for L. n1 mps. uppl? d e po ts. and other
po l , . · 10.89 1,000 wa. a ll oea t ed to t h Qu tirt prmn s ll'r Corps of th e \Var D e pn.rtnwn t. Of
th e ·19, (i4 ,000 nll ocatecl t
t he o th er 22
ngl'Jl cie , · l 1,2 03,000 wa s cl i t ri hu ll'd am n g
st·n'r a l hu n 'fl. U' o f the D l' part nw 11 t of \.g ri n iltu r e, inelud ing th e Bmca u of Enl om o logy and
Pl ant Quarnntin e ( 4.7 39, 000 ) , t lw F or est
S(' ITi te (.' 4.:3.-4.000) , and t lw 'oi l Co nservation
SPr vi ee ( I . 111 .000) . Otlwr ,tg(·rn·ips t hat r cee ind ,tll oc-ntio n of more th11n $ 1,000 ,000 " ·ere
t lw N :1.lional P:.rk Servi ce nnd t l, e Bun•au of
Lnhor Stntis ti c-.. Th r compl l'll' li s l of n.gp n cie ,
togelhl'r wit h th e amounts nll o!'itl l'd to eac h
urnh' r lh e ERA Act, fi sca l yl'a r I 9-1 l. i g iv en
in Tnhlr 2 1. T nhl e
o f t he a ppe ndix bo w
h!· agl'ncies th e am unt o f \YPA fund s allocatr'd . ohli~:ll<'d . and expe nd ('d und <' r the ERA
Act . listal ,·t·:ir 1941, nnd undt'r nil E:RA act .

,~n

'o. 9, 77t h roo -

~oun·t• "Report Sh,1,, mg Itw ~ t :.1 tu s of Fun e!:-.; and A nnlys('~ o f E,1 )(•nd-

Expenditures of WPA Funds

11un•.s , !he ERA A C' t~ fnr th P Fb<·n l YPars lfl3,1 to 1941. lnr lu '-i\f•, June

·m.

1~41" l ~. S. Trc•as11rJ l>PpartmPnt.

:dlon1ted Ii~· t lw \YPA to ot lwr FNl l'rn l ag<·neies
for thr 01wrnlio11 of \Y PA proj<•el nnd for
ndministrntiY<' expt'n ses ineurrl'd by thest•
,tgl•nei<· in eonn!'ction " ' ith s ueb proj!'tl . In
11ddition to t h!' p roj<'!'l :1 lloeat ions, nll otnwnl$
nmounting to .·44,-!o, ,000 wen· mad<' for t lw
adrninis trativl' <•xpensl'S of t he \\'PA , . :..9,500
wa, sl'l nsidl' for th l' s!'l tlPnwnt of propl'rty
damage elnim , , nnd :2,97-1,000 r emn i1w d undi stril,utecl as of ,l unP 30 , 194 1.
Of tlw 4:3.702 ,000 idlo<':ll!'d to ot h<•r F'Pd!'ral
ngPnCH', during tlH· fLcn.l yl',tr , .'42 ,12u,000 wa s

E'xp l' nditur('S o f \YPA fund s for a ll purpo es
during thl' ) ' l'H r l' llding June 30, 194 I , am o u n t t•cl
to $1,:326, 111 ,000 . Progra m s 01wratecl by the
\\' PA acco unted for ·1,2 4,7, 1,000 o f t he total,
and the remaind<'r , .'41,330 ,000 , \\·11 l'Xpe nd ed
for program , op <·rated by otht r F ed pral age ncil's. \YPA expl' nditures for it o wn prog rams
wt•n· 12 ptr<·t•nt less than in t ill' prett'ding yenr .
Ahout 96 J (' reP nt , or .' l ,239, 17 ,000 of the
l'Xpen ditun·s mad e by t h e \\'PA in th e fi sca l
year I 941 , wn used for wo r k proi<' Ct and
."4,')Jj7.''i ,000 fo r aclminist rali n . .\ -ma ll p o rtion , ·21,000, wa paid oul 111 set,t, lem cnt of
p r operty damage tlaims.

57
TABLE

22.

A~1ouN1

OF \YP A

F

\\'PA

ND" ExPE'\DF.D ~-oH P H <;Rot" OPEHA 'IED 11,
A, . ~: " IE:-, BY F1:--C-AL Y EAR'

010

FEDERAi ,

BY OTHER

P r0!-'T8m s

Ora nd I otal

Year 1•1Hlinc. .l1111 t• :ill

Projt,rl UPt'r at IOllS
___ ,__

Tot 81

Pncent

:\JUlllllll

Total
l, 25~. 130. 2•19
I. I , 130. 50 1
l, 427, 3i4. 309
C 2. 23 , i49. !J<J3
C l. 520, 106. 0iS
C l ,326. 110. .,31

1936
1937
19

1939
1940

1941

.-\m ount

agencies

95. 9

$367, 362, 184

I. l Y3. 56i. 37h
1. ,51.286,222
I. 363. 566. 3i6
2, 06i. \Iii . YiO
I. 40 , 5il , f\37
I , 239, I,~. 494

94 Y
96 3

64,562, Sil
66, 844, 279
63, 80i, 933

100 0
100 0

j

other Ft.~rleral

95. 5
95. 9
96 4
9fl. 4

8

I P, •rct•nL _

l-'t•rc~ ~ o u n t

100 0 $Y. 024. 142, Uii
--1

lUO O
1000
I00 (I
100. 0

I, 2&S. 130, 2·1\1
I.S Ii, 1:l(), 501
I. 127.3i4 , 309
C 2. I 5i 200. 3fi2
C l , 4(\1, 79(1. :140
I , 2~4 . 7,0, 43.,

operated by

A{lm1ni s lratio11

J. Y

$173, 195.465

6. I
3. 7
4. 51

3. 4
3. 6
3 6

,3, 401, 0i2
53,lil,3il
45. 5H fi,

73, 549,631
5.S, 315, 7:li,
41 , 330, O<J6

' Lnc lu dl~s )..'YA ad mm1strath·l~ e:,.p(' ll S\'S 111rurn.· d 1•nur Io Jul~ I~:w hut do..· ::- nut mclndt• rund s for otlwr :,...· , ~.\ acli\'tl it•S or \\' l-' A fund s t ransrc rrr<l
under th..:- ER .\ .\ els of 1935 and 1936 for land utili 1at1011 and rur al n •hahilita t ion programs artmini sterpd hy thl' F'arm Srcuril y .\ dminist ration.
8 [nclucles work project s and administralivt• l'" l'<'nt lit urt•~ nf ,,· ,, .<\ runt!"" alloca ted uncln ~-•ct ion 3 of th(• ERA Act ot 193~. ~""C't ion 11 of the ERA
Act of 1939, a 11d S<'Clion IO of the ERA Act. fi scal n•a r l!H I.
Cl ncl ude~ a total of . 15,901 ,935 expended on misC'._~ 11 a1,t•c11 1:- a<:11 , lllt·=-. 111elurluw purtha...'l.•!- of surplu ~ c:lo1l11n~. aid to self-hl'lp and coopprati\•p asso
ciations, tornado relid, and settlemen t of property rlama g<' th11rm. T he <11st ribu110n uf this total by fiscal yea r is as follows : 1939-$ 15,827,320; 1940$47, 3 2; 1941 -, 27.2.~3.

ouree : Bnsed on reports of the U.

. 'rn.,asur: I >t•pflrt me nt.

T lw r xp r nditure of ."41 _;3:rn.000 of \YI A
fund . by ot h er F<·d r r al agl' ntit'S during tl1l'
fi <:il l yea r 1941 rep resen tC'cl R dec-li1H' of 29
p er C'l'llt from th e prec cli11 0- yea r and of 44 percent from t h e fisc a l year l g: 9, t lw fi rnt _,·en r
in wl1i e li , u c b l'XJWndi tures Wl're nrnd e. Of th1•
fund s nll oeated Lo th ese other ngeneit'S in th1 •
fi en! .\'l':11' 1941 , :3 . p er cent wn s used for :Hl mini s t rntiv(' purposes an I th e r('m:,incl l'r 1n1
pent fo r proj('c- t oper ation .
Tl w r hid purpo es for wl1i e h \\' PA fund .
w er e pl'nt durin g th year nre indil'nted in
Tabl <' 23, whi c h presents data sepilrHtl'I>· for th e
progrn m operiltC'd by WPA and by ot h er Fcdern l agenries. All expenditure for projl'c-L,
aclrnini trntion , and other purposes an' in c lulkd .

TABL E

23.

A~ t OONT 0 1, WPA F'

Fluctuat ions in Expenditures

Tlit· 111110llllt of \rPA fund l'Xp end l'd in the
fi sn1l _n ·ar 1941 wa s the malll,s l mmu al e.xpenclitu re in th e s ix ye11 r s of WPA ope rations,
,·xcept for th e fi scal )rea r I 936, wb cn th e prog- nun was initial ed a nd d e velop ed. T oLa l
\rPA expenditures (illduding t hose of oth er
F ed eral ag l'lltie ) in t h e fi sc al _v car 1941 w er e
1:3 percent less than in 1940 and 41 percent less
th an th l' amount exp cnd l'd in th e l 939 fi scal
year. th e peak of \\'PA employm ent.
in iYPA exp enditures h ave b een
Trmd
s imi lar to th o e in \VPA employ m ent , which
HIT analyzed in nn eR riil'r sec tion o f t hi s r eport
(p . 37) . Both ('X JWnditure ilnd employm ent

AN D RY

N Ds l•: x l' EX 1n; n ~on PnoGRA)I:-- OPEBATED BY \\'P A
A<;i,; x , · 11, ,-., B\ OH .1Er·T nF ExPE:\'D l 'ITHE
Y8<R END I NG JL' NE

Anwunr
1,1 , :!2h. I Ill. 531

A

Financx•d h) nllotauon or \V PA funds.

Sour~: Based

0 11

r..·ports of the U.

. T r~B."iUr) I >t•PHrt rnt•nt .

I.

19:l. SSh, 3,6
,r,. 18i. 662
29. n1, . 451
I[). i33. 244
I 012 7PS

Pro g ram s
OJlt:' r Ott:;><l
hy o ther F edera l

I 'roJ!ram =- up,•ratpd

·1 otal

Total

F'EDERA I,

30, 1941

hr 11·1•.1

OhjPCt of e '\pernlitu r

Personal •n ' 1Ct:.'s
Purchas..• or mat(•rials, s upplies , and eQuipmrn t
R ent
Contractual serviC<'S
Other

O ·r H ER

Perc('Dl

.\m ount

100 U ~ 4- ~
\JO

(I

6. 5

2 2

01.2I 1

I, I

, 190,621
l , H2,316
2'J, ! HO, 26.~
15, 166, 0(1()
771 , 140

_ _ 81'.,!{'l\('i{'S \

Percent

'

I

1000 ~

90 I
6. 3
2. 3
l.2
0. I

-.,---.\111oun1

Percent

1, 330~,

1000

35,367, 765 '
4,715,346
438, 183
567, 154
241. 64

5. 5
11.4
1. I
1.4
0. r,

58

REPORT

K PROGRESS OF T HE WPA PRO :RAM

CHART 7

ect ra,v roll period s endin g within n month and ot h er te hnical
Jul y 19 35 - June 194 1
fa ·to rs as. oc ia ted 11·i th pay roll ,
OF' DOLLARS
er DOLLARS
250
250
aC'rmmting, and purcha ing procC'dures. 1'Ioreove r, t he expenditure fig ures don t res pond to
200
200
3- MO NTH
cl1:1nges in th e lcv I of prog ram activ ity a. rnpi I1,v a th e
150
150
empl oyment figures. A h arp
ri se in employm ent du ring a
g
iven month is no t full y r 100
100
R'C't ed in t he expendi tu re data
MONTHLY EX PEND ITURES
fo r that month bl' ·a u e of th e
- - - + - - - - - - + - - - - - - + - - -- + - - so
so
lap <' of t ime bctwe n t he as ig nm enl of a worker to a pr jc ·land
th e r ece ip t of hi:;: first pay h eck.
1941
1935
1936
1937
1938
194 0
1939
Ave rage fi g ures, th er for , u ch
as the three-month moving
ave rngc shown in C h a r t 7,
1·0 e rapid ly during th e la st six month s o f J 935,
proYid C' a more snl is facto ry m N1sure of ch ange
in \\' PA expenditures t han do m onth ly totals,
wh en the prognirn was get t in g under ,n1~· Bo t h l'o ll o,ved a dowrnrnrcl course from th e
lwc,111 st· t be~· minimi ze th e eff ect of th ese
spring of 1936 until th e latt er pad of 1937,
tecl 1ni cn l factors.
w hen " ' PA opt·rations " ·er e again ex pand l'd to
rcl icYe th e acute unempl oyment resulting from
Adm ini strative Expenditures
th e 1937 bu sines recesswn. S ince t he last
Durin g th e fisc al year 194 1, th e WPA sp ent
qua r ter of 19:38 Lbe t rends have been downward .
$4.'i/i7,5,000 for admini s tration , including th
(, l 'l' Tabl es 24 and 25. )
liqui dation of obli gnlion incmTe I during th e
l\ I on th-to-month rl uc tuations in Vi'PA expreceding y ear . This amount, which r epre1wnd i ture fi g ures, howc,·er , have ten led to b e
c n ted 3.6 percen t of total 'IVPA expenditures
mor<· pronou nced th an tho e in '\YP .A (•mplo)-for t he Year, \\·as th e smalles t a nnu al exp endinH·nl. T o some Px l<•nt thi s ,·ariation has
tmc for admin istrativ e plll'))O Sl' S in th e six
r<'sult ccl from difl't,1·<•nf·l'S in tlw numhn of projWPA EX PENDITURES •

M ILLIO NS

MILLIONS

MOV ING AVERAGE

• Inc ludes WPA funds

T

\ALE

2-l .-

allocated to other

A~ l 0UNT OF

Federa l

\\' PA

agencies trom Ju lw, 1938 to date .

FU N D S EXPE ;\' DED FOR

P Hor.1n~1:-

OPERATED BY

\\' PA

AN D BY OTHER FEDERA L

Ar.E ;\'rJE:, '
~f11NTULY . J 1 LY l!t{.~ - 11 XE 1941

{In I hou,ands!
:\hinth

Total

_:251. 101
_

Jaouury
F\·hruary
:\l oreh

_

__

\pnl

~ l a\'

I~%,,lh4.
-

~I

,iV
1.w. .:;~c;
l.'4 , 1:,..1
17 1. IsG
Ui:{, tli4.

TunP

July

162

\u gust
Hl' pll'lll hr r

5. ~12
in. ~mo

:i.;,

Odotwr

:--.:-o,·{·I11h1•r
ll(•c·em lH 'r

~93, ___ 193,_I

1t1:11•

lti35

---

...

-----

.\ Jtor programs inrl udcrl , Se(' foo t not('s to Tahh• '.1:?
Sourl'P : Based on rt?ports of th e C'. 8. Treasu ry l)r1•c1rtment

210

s-.. . flfil
1:l-1 , 2\lf)

1939

1940

$1, ·H 6, 954 $1,997, 512 $1, so,, 307 $1,440, USS
121,060
! bl. 427
J.11. 350
102, 537
12~.079
15,. ,58
120, 431
10.). 3S
I I t,, \i~-1
1.5,"'I, I -Hi
20:!. 183
111 . 1H5
lH9, 937
1:1 I. 775
1:!7. 21·1 1-12, Olli
130, .\72
l,52, 1)32
llii, 211
J:ll,353

lfiO, 017

I.ti. 5,55

lliH, fl!!~

lt17, 077
1.11, .">O J
1,5-..., !102
II I.:.?~:,,.,
l!iO. -...r,o
177, 7fl3

1 12, 776

lti7. ,7-1 -1

9U ..1-1-1

91. 1105
9fi, S75
9,), f)/2

I07. OS5

19S, I7•1
2111 , ,\33
211 I . 713
192, li07

21 -1, 794

170, 739

I I~. fiil

1-11, 716
137,074
IOI\, 280
llli, ill
ll8, 565
133. 301

I. 1;43
IIS, 402
11r., :!()7
10~. 407
ll

10:J. ,'<HI

ll4 , 284

1941
$653, 17,
J 16. 957
106, ii
11 2. 94
110, 553
lOO, R48
99,093

FIX .1..\" CL-\L

f program operulion . ll " ·as 1-! perce nt lowl' r llian t he pt-e ,·iou yl'a r·s lotal nnd
3 p ' IT<'lll le s t h an Lhc amount expend ed in
Lhc fi cal ~-car J 9· 9.
Th e EHA act for t h e fi cnl )' <'<"tr 19-!l (a
11rnc nd ed by Publi c Law No. 9 , 77t h Congress),
placed a limit at ion of 44 ,500 ,000 0 11 lhl' amount
of obligatio ns that mi ght b e in c urr<·d for :1dmini lr:1Live cxp c n cs, and s li1 ulat ed l h:1l
of this am oun t a maximum o f $:37, l 00,000
migh L be u eel for p erson al scr v ic<'s (, :1 la ri cs) ,
'3,600,000 fo r tru,,cl, "600 ,000 fo r communiC"ation , and $32 0,000 f r printin g :in cl binding,
leaYi ng a balance of $2, 0,000 aY:1ilablc for
all ot h er items .
Th e HJ+ l :1dmini s tr:1t iv exp e nditures s hown
in T able 26 includ<' check s iss ued during th e
y ea r in liquidati on of obligat io ns i11 cm-rcd in
th e prrY iou year , a " ·ell a clwc·ks isS lll' d in
li qu idt tion of oblig ations inc u rrecl cl u rin g fi scal
year 1941 in acco rdance wit h th e 19-!l act.
Th e total exp e nditmc in t e rm s of cl1 ecks issu ed during th e fi s aJ yea r 1041 :i r r, t hl'l"t' for e,
ligh tly larg ' r th a n t h e amount of obligation s
in curred during th e year , whi ch did n ot exceed
th e limi tations sp ecified in th e act.
1 Jos t of Lhe r cclu t ion in admini s lrn.live expendit ure be tween the fi scal yea rs 1040 and
1941 wa . brough t about hy a rl'du ctio n in
aclminis trati n p ers m1 1. Durin g t li c hse:11

59

T .\DJ.I.RY
CHART

NH

TABLE 25.
A~10
T OF l'l' PA F t:':-:os ExrE-..:nEo FOR
P HOG RA~I S 0P E J1.\TE D BY
\YP A
.\XO BY OTHER
FEDERAL A .E;,/("]E;-;

B

DISTRIBUTION OF WPA EXPENDITURES
BY OBJECT OF EXPENDITURE *
Year Ending

Jun e JO, 1941

AOMINISTRATION
3.6 %

PROJECT
N ON LABOR

./

9 .2%

*

C.• pend!hlras o l WPA lu" "-- ror •""''"latuUon
•"d pr o jects o p,9rllod by WPA .

WP A

4023

y ear 194 1, aclm ini s lru tive employment aYcrn gecl
:21,000 p er on s as co mpared wilh 2'i, 500 in
Hl40 a.nd 36,000 in 1939. By June :30, 1941,
th l' numb er h ad been redu ced to 18,900 emplo)·ces. About 17 ,200 o f Lbcse empl oyees, or
mo re th an 90 p ercen t of t he total, ,n'rl' in tate
and local offices, le s Lh an 1,400 ll"l'l"l' in the
<·1 ·n lrnl office in ·w u s hin g ton and ap1 rox imat ely
:mo were region a l office and otlicr fi.elcl
l'lllpl ) ' l'E'S.

pn 1l1ou ss n<l s]

Program s
l\ l on (h

Total

0 1w rat1•d

hy \\"l'A

l 'r o!-'ra m s
operatt'cl

hv nthPr

T .1BLE 2f\
A~10 u:-:T cw \VP/\ F uN o s ExPEX DED FOR
.-\ O,\IIN ! ;-;TR.\T LON OL' \ VP:\ , H) OBJECT OL• l·'. X L' EXD I·
TU JU:

J-<\ •dnal
1)'..!l'Dei(•S A

T otal
Ju ly.

l I 1. 643
115. 402
103. h9l
116,307
IO . 407
114, 2$4

August.

September
Clobcr
rovember
December
January

February
March .....
April. . __ .
May ... _.
June .

1941

l lli. 957
IOfi. 77
ll2. 948
l!O. 553
!On. 848
99 093

107. 90'.J
111. 309

:i. 7411
-t , lltl:i

111(1, 3!il

112. 374
105. OG4
110. 739

3. .o40
3. !l:!:!
:i.:lH
:t A-L"1

113. 284

:i. 1,;;1

W:l, So2
109. 67 l

'!.,\l'.!li

3. 2ii

I07. 175
I03. H45

:t 117"
:!, 203

9fi. 114

- !J711

Financed hy a ll o('ation of ,r J> .\ funds.

~ou rc.'l'' Bas('d on n•porl s of tlw U. S. Tn nsury D1>por1rn.-1 1t
1

P1' r( '(' Dt

Tota l

$4,i. 574, 65S

IOti. 0

I ',•r~onal ::.cn ·icrs

3i , i2-1, 657
I. 1g5_ 430
I. :JI I. 5 13

"i2 S

4. S44 . 53'

IO. 6

563. Ui6
3,359.393
IS2. 3 15
471l.169
IU5. 935

1. 2
i.4
0. 4

I 'ur<:ha!'.>1· of mater ials, suppllt's, and i'quipnwnt

H,·nt

_

<'un 1 ractua l scn· ices.

_______________ _

Communication

_

.

Tran·!, iududmg :--uhsisl< nc·t•
1

Tran sportot 10 n oft h ings
Prmt m g :1ncl hinLiing
lli ·ut, liehl, powl'r. w ater. t•lt>t·tric•11,

Clth1 r _ ··- __

Utlw1
A

. \m u1!Dt

Uhj <·r•t o f 1,;''((l(.' IH.l1 1 IHC

$1. :l21i. 111

1940

__

_.

2 6

2. ~

l l

0. 4

Gfi. ; ;;o

0 J

;•1-..,, 5:!ll

l l

60

REPOR T 0 1' PRO GRE::;::; OF T H E
CHART 9

WP_.\. PRO GRAM

eadt s tate . Thr second control
i th · limitHti on of'IYPA proj (•ct
cxpr nditures for nonlabo r purpo e to an n Hragl' of .'6 per
month p <· r ,vo rke r in 11 11_,· sta t r.
3,000
Z.500
C't11Tt'11 t l)7 , howeve r, project
tli nt have b(•e n ccrtifi ('(I by t he
Senelnry o f \ Ya r o r t he Secrl'l in~· of llw :'\ a ,·y as importa nt to t h e national dcfe n e
may lw <'xl'mptcd fro m Lh ese
prO\-i ion s, and th e \VPA , a
sp ec if-i.cti ll y authorized to p end
up to . .50,000.000 of its fund
during t he fi ca l y ear 194 1 fo r
non labor cos ts in excl'ss o f th e
us ual limitat ion wlwn 11r<·<•, s~1r!·
for th e openitio n of crrtif-i Pd
defense proj rets .
Sponso rs' fund s , for tlw mo t pnrl, a n' upp lit•d b.,- hi glt\\·ay a nd s trPet co m.mi ssio n ; ,,·aler.
S(• \\-e r, a nd park departnwnt ; boards of edu cation. h ea lth , a nd " ·elfa.re; a nd imi la r agpnci c
o f muni cipaliti c , count ies. town ship , and
, late . Compa rativrl!· m all a mount s arc suppli(•d b)- tlw F ed era l ng<· ncies that s ponso r
proj t·C'ts op e rn tcd hy t lw WP A.

WPA AND S PONSORS ' EXPENDITURES ON PROJECTS
OPERATED BY WPA , BY FISCAL YEAR
AND BY SOURCE OF FUNDS
Through June 30, 1 941
M IUIONS Of" DOLLARS
500

t ,000

YEAR ENDING

0

JUN£ 30, 1936

,....L-- - - - - - - - - - '

Z,000

I ,500

JUNE 30, 1938

JU NE 30, 1939
JUN[ 30,

11111111c:===============~

t 940

JU NE 30, 1941

Ill SPONSORS' FUN DS

D

WP A FU N DS

ala ry paym ent to ad m inistratin' pr rsonn('I
represen ted 83 p e rce nt of the total ll(l111i 11i s tra t ive cos ts of th e WP A du ring tlw fi ea! y ear
1941. TraYcl expen ses of admini slrntin' cmplo~rces ncco un tcd fo r 7 p e rcent of t he tota l. t he
purch ase of rnalc ri nls . uppli e , a nd l'quipm l'nt
for about 3 p e rec n L, and t h e r nt o f buildin gs
a nd equipm ent for a not her 3 J) l' rC('nt. T ill'
nmo unt s paid o ut for t lw. <· nnd all ot lt<•r it(·m s
o f ndmini s trnti n' cos t a rc sh own in Tabk 26 .

WP A and Sponsors' Expenditures on Projects
Operated by the WP A

Sponsors ' Funds
From it s lwginning, t h l' \\' PA prog rnm h ns
hl'en n JOllll respo ns ibility of th (' F <'d l' rnl
Govcrnnwnl and o f s taLe a nd lo cal gon' rnml• nt
th rough out th e cou ntr.Y. The s tal<' mid lo n il
age ncies (and in 11 fl'\\. u 1ses , ot lt(' r F l'd (' ral
agencies) propos(• tlw p roj<'Ct . coopl'1'11 IP ,,-itli
the 'IYPA in their s up (• 1Tis ion. and eo nlrihut c ,1
s ub tantial slrnre of t ltl'i r cos t. Expendilurl'S
made by spon so rs during th l' fi sca l year 1941
amounted to $.54 7, 67,000 , or : I pe reP nl of
loln l projec t expt•nditurl'S. This amo unt n preSl'nled an i.ncreasc f 11 pt·iTenl OYl·r l it e pre,·iou s y ear 's exprnditu rt•s.
Th e sh are of llw eo t of proj('d s hornt' by
pon or is s ubject to l\rn genen1 I la tut o ry
co n trols . Tlw firs t i tlw pro vi ion rrq umn g
ponsors to m eet a n average of at lens t 25
p l' rcent of the total cos t of all no n-Fedl'rn l
proj (•cL npproYed a.flN January 1. 1940 . in

Comb in ed " ' PA and spon ors' exp nditurcs
on proj ert s oper ated b~r t h P \ YPA du ring the
y(•a r en lin g Jun e 30 , 194 1. am o unt ed to
~l.7, 7.045,000 . Th e WPA upplicd . 1.239, pon sors .' ,547. 67,000 o f thi
17 .000 and
T .,BLE 27.- fb l OUNT OF 1\'PA AND , PONfSQR f; ' F N DS
EXPENDED ON P ROJECT. OPERATED BY \YP A, BY
f1,., C.\L Y EAR AND BY ~01:'llCE OF FtrND fS

Y ea r

S po nso r'-'

runcts

1• 111l 1tw

J11n1• .1tl-

T otal fund s

\\"P .\ fund s - - -

Amount

-\Pe~ea-t
1
tti,\~

TotaL ______ .. 1l.3fi.1,; 11fi, 714 $9, 02; , I 12, 077 $2. 341 . 26-1 . 687
19:Jri
19:J,
19'.l~
19:!9
19;11
19-11

___ ________ _
---- ---------- ------------ - - -------- - - -- ---____ ______ __

1,326, ; ;\7,262
2. 05 1, ~90. Oi6
I , i 35. 173, 99i
2, 5~ 1. 911, 030
I, 902. 929, 067
I, i 87. M 5,332

1. l93,56i ,'.!7
I , 75 1, 6, 2'2'21
I , 363,566, '.l i6
2,067, 971 , 970
1, 40~. ,171 , 637
I , 2:l9, 17 , 494

132,889. 41
300, 603. 854
3il , 607, f,21
493, 939, 060
49;, 357, 430
'
547, 66,

20. 6
10. 0
14. 7
21. 4
19. 3
26. 0
30. 7

Suurct> \\. PA e,pend1 tures based on l' . ... T rea~11 r y Department

r eport s; .s pon .:.;o r.-. · e q )enrl itures hAsecl on ,,. PA repor ts

rial , s uppli e , und eq uipment ; ornc 27 P<'IT<'lll
was used fo r rellt of <·quipmenl; and I 2 pen·e11t
for o th e r n o nlaho r co l . ( 'ee Tabh, 28. )
Of th e total labo r cost, abo ut 92 rwreent ,~as
paid from 'v\' PA fund and
pt' r(•p n t from
s pon sors' fund s. On th e ot h er hand , on ly 21
percent of tl1 e n o nlabo r cost was m et, by th e
\\"PA alld 79 J)t'rcenl was paid by proj<'ct
s pon sor s. \\'PA and
pon ors· <'X Pl'JHliture
fo r non labo r purpo e ar c sh ow11 by l_v pe in
Table :X. f t he appendix.
D t' pill' th e extrn expenditures of WP.A fund
for 11011labor eo l s of c-crtifi ed nati onal deft•11se
proj ects, th e prop rti n of total WPA fund
s p L•n l for labor was on ly sligl1 tly !es i.r1 th e
fi scal y ear 1941 than in t li l' prev iou s year
(90.-l perC' en l in 19-! 1 a cornpan·d with 9 I .5
1w 1oc<· n t i.r1 the year encli.ng with .Jun<· 1940).
It h as be en po s ib le to mai11tain tl1i s higl1 ratio
of \\·age pay m ent b a u se s pon so rs J1 ave inC' reased th eir expenditures for nonlabor purpose . S pon so r paid 79 .3 p er cent of t h e n onlab o r eos l of a ll projed s durin g tht' fi s('al yt•ar
1941, a co m pared with 77 ., p er ce11 t i11 1940.

amount. Th r 1941 total rr pn'srnt. a n 'dudio11
of 6 JWJTl'llt below tht' pn•,·ious .,·(•11r's expe ndi tu res and of 10 1w rce nt undl'r t lH· lo t11I for tltl·
fi cu l _n'IH I 9:rn .

Objects of Expenditure

T l1e ch ief purposes for whi ch \\'P.\ and
poll or ' expenditun• a re nnLd e differ bas i·nlly . \Y PA projrc t fuJ1(1 are used to pay t h e
wage of crrtifi ed relid" worke r and of some of
th e upen·iso r_\- per onnel; th ey an• a lso used
to pay n lirnit ed portion of t h t· nonlabor cos ts.
'pon sors· fund s. 0 11 the other ha nd , are used to
pay lli e bulk of the nonlabor cos t s of proj ect s
and the s11 l11ri es o f some o f th <' up ervi sor_\·
per orn1el , l'J 1gi 11l'e rs , operators of heavy rq uipm ent. a nd ot lwr key personnel not n.vai lable
amon g pvrso 11s certified for \YPA emp lo_'11 rnent.
Thi diYi s io11 o f tlw projec t cos ts in ure the
maxirnurn 11.mou11t of e mployment from th e
expenditure of \\' PA fw1d s. FurtlH' rrnore , it
leaves tlw initiation of proj ec t s with high nonlabo r co. ls dL-pl'ndent largely upon tli e " ·illingn ess and nbilit_\· of tl1 ' proj ect s pon ors to provide thl' additional f'tmd s necessa ry for tli cse
non labor p11rposes (ex cept, of co urse, i11 tl1e
case of ce rtifil·d dden se projec t s).
vVage. of projt' cl \\·o rkers acco unt ed for about
90 percent of tlie total proj ect l'XPl'JHlitures from
\YPA fond s during th e fi scal year 19-H; 7 percent \\"fl,S USl'd for the purc11ase of material s,
su ppli es, :rnd equipm ent ; 2 per('ent wa
pent
for th e r l'nt of equipment ; and t h e balan ce of
1 percent ,rn abso rb ed by oth e r nonlnbo r C'osts.
ln contra. t with thi . di tribution on ly 17 pe rcenl o f tl1<' s pon sor s' fw1d s was s pc-11l f r lnho r.
but -1-l J)l•rc·<•Jll \\"('n t int ll1 l' pure-has<· of 11n1,tt•T A BL E

2~.

61

i\IMARY

FII\"AN J AL

Types of Projects

The relative amo un t of exp r nditun•s for the
rn riou s types of proj ec t were ,1 pproxinrn lely
the same in t h e' fi sca l year 19-ll as in t he l'nrlic r
_\"t•,us of tli e WPA prog ram , alth o ug h tl1 t' emphas is pln ced 011 omr kinds of work \\"tl m odifi ed
to m eet t h e require m ent
of t he nat io nal
defen se prog ram .
omew h at nrnllt-r propo rtion s of tbr total fund i11 19-! l t han in th e
prec·ed in g- fi sC" al y ea r we re s pl'nt fo r ro,HI flll(]
s tred. co nse r vatio n , sani tntio 11 , and r(' l'r('at ionnl
fnC"i li Ly pro j t·cls. fo c reilSt's in t lH· J)ro por·tionate

A .,t 0l'NT OF ?.' PA AXD ;--l'ON :-,OH:-,' 1-"t•XD:-, EXPENDED ON PH O,IEC-T,._ OPERA1ED B)
ov ExPE'.'ID l rl ' HE 1:-10 RY :--otTRC-E OF FUND»

\YJ A,

8)

OBJECT

Tot JI furnb

. \ lllOUII(

-1

Total

I, 7S7. 045. :132

Personal St:n iet.•s

I, 212, I I . Oli
3:10. i04. 4:; ;

Purchase

or m ateri nl::-,

R ent of eq u ipment
Other

~uppl it•s, and equipnwnt _

179, .;72, I Ti
ll. .5.'l.i. flSl

P ere..~-~\

UlO
Ullt- 1

l',•:•nt

Amount

Pl' ret• nt

Prrc·t•nt of
total fun<ls

---1--

100

0

67.-.,

18 o
10.
0
4 2

19•1
120. 165. 964

I, 239, I iS,

I

I,

~I. 213, U62

29. 05:l. 253
. H 5.:lls

100. 0
90. I
6. 6
2. 3

o.;

, .5.17, 66. 838

100

\II. 71 5. O.'i3
239. 490. IH5
l.'iO • .'i lS. 924

Ill

----66. 142,366 I

43
27 .

12

II

30. 7
i
i4

83.

62

REPORT

F PROCRESS OF T H E WP.\

CHART TO

WPA AN D SPONSORS' EXPENDITURES ON PROJECTS
OPERAT ED BY WPA , BY T YPE OF PROJ ECT
Year Ending June 30, 1941

TVPC O F" PR OJ CC_!

10

PCR C E:NT O f' TO TAL
20

30

H IGHWAY S, ROADS, ANO
S TRCCTS

PUOLICLY O WN CO OA
O PCRATCD UTILITIES

RC C RCATIO NAL f'A CI LITIC S
Co clud,n& 8 u1ld11>&S

RC SCAR C H ANO RE CORDS

AIRPORT S ANO AIRWAYS

CO NS CRIIATION

NATIO NAL OCJ"CN S C
VO C ATIONAL TRAINING
S ANITATION

ALL OTHER

-,hnre of ('Xp('11ditur('S ,,·t•JT r('porkd for project
n•pn'senting work 011 airport s and ni nrnys, public buildiJJgs, and public utilities, and fo r community s erv i ce program s. Approxu11ntt•ly
thr ee-fourt h of tlw project expenditu re ,,·l'rl'
made for coll truction \\'Ork and the rem:1indt•r
\\'('re made for v:Hiou s kind of noncon s truetion
projL·ct s. ThPst• inrludt' d n new nctivity u11tkrtnkl'll by th l' WPA during 194 1- tlw trninin g
of workt•rs fo r occup:1tions 1wedccl in d efrn se
indus tries , \\'hie-Ii is d('sc-ri lH'd in n SJ)('ci:1]
~w c·tion of this r('port.
As in prL·viou s yt•nrs , projt'C'tS for work Oil
l1igltwa y s , road s , :rnd s tn•d s continued to prl'dominate , a lth oug h th l'y dl'elined som(•,,·hal in
importanc e . Ro:1d work :1ccountecl for ne:1rly
39 j)('J"Cenl of lltt• ,r•1,7< 7,0-lc.5 ,000 in \\' PA and
spon sors ' fund s ll1:1t wa s S])l'nt for project op('rntion s durin g lht• 1041 fi sc-:1 I _year. T\\·o ol hn
kinds of work n •prl'senlC'cl approximatd_y l'(jll:ll
s hrH('S ( l I JWJ-C-('11t) of tht• total exp('nditur('S.
Tlwst' Wl'n ' proj1 •d s for t ltP con s truction :111d
inlprovenwnl of s1·,,Tr :llid ,,·ater s_ys tPrn s
:1rnl ollwr puhli<' utilili<'S, which cos t $H)4,877 ,000 , and puhliC' huilclin gs projC'cts , on ,,·hi ch
$1 88 ,779,000 wn s t'XJWndC'd . \York on park s
:md olher rt'CTPalional fa c- ilitil'S accounll'd for
nhout ,5 P<' lT<·nt of tht• toli1l. Airport and :1irway proj c•c-l s , cos tin g . ·(i9 ,777 ,000 , \\' l'rt' on l:·
slighll)' le s important in t erms of rxp('ndilun•s:
nirport work , howt' vt' r , arco untl'd for about
l\,·ice as hrg t' a sl1are o f llw t'xpenditurc • ,l s it

PRO<:RAM

lrnd in th e prt'ct' ding yc•ar . Co ns(•1-vntion and
s:rn il :1 lion work ,,·t•n· n •spon ible for 3 nncl 1
pl'rcent, re peclin•ly , of th<' total projl'c-t co t .
Among t he Yariou s ornm u11 i ty Sl' tTice projl'Cl s l h:1l compri ' <' t h e bulk f \\'P.\. noncon;; truction actiYilie , ,n•lfore projPcts accounted
for lit<' larges t <•xpt'nditur e . For t hi group,
11·hid1 indud(' sewu1g, cbool lun c h , and hotu•kt·t•ping ,1idt• projects and those for th(' distrilJ11lion of s urplu commodities , l '.2 percent of
l lH' total project fLmd wa expended. Thl'
pu i>Jic nctiYitil's group , con s i lin g of ed ucatio n , r ecr eat ion , library , muS('Um , and arts
proj l'c-l s, u tilizecl pl'rcen l of lh<' expen ditures.
Four pl'rC-t'nt of the total wa s sp t•nl for rL'St•arch
:rnd rt' Co rds projects, ,,·hi ch mnkt• up t lw third
major commu ni ty ser vic group .
·\\'PA defen se work accotmtecl for a con s icl erahle part of both con truction and noncons lruc-lion project acti ,~itie . Expenditure for
lh i,-, \\·ork amounted to ·434 ,959,000 m \YPA
:rncl spon sors ' fund s , or about a fourth o f the
to l:1] payment for projects operated by t he
\\'P.\. during t lw fi ca l yl'ar. Thi amount inc-ludt•s expl'nd itures for noncertifiecl dd(•n e
proj1•ct s as ,1·dl as fo r projl'cts c,• rlified h_y the
Sl'c-r!'l:ir_y of ·w ar o r t lw ec rl't:ir_y o f tlw · nvy
:i s ill'in g of s uch importance for mi l itn ry or
n:n-:11 purpost•s that they m ay I)(' ope rnt rcl
undl'r h('nefit of t h e ext•mption s proviclrcl i11
t lw ERA Act , fi ca l year 194 1.
Spon so rs ' l'XJWnclitur r , \\'hich n·pre t'nkcl 31
JWI-Ct' n l of tot:1 I t'Xpl'n clitu rt'S !'or all p roj <'cts,
,,·1•n· relalinly largt•s t on llw kind . of projects
lli:1l n·quin• con s iderable quanlitiP~ of mall'rinls and <•quip nwnt, since thl' g r('nter part
of t ht• s pon sors' contribution s nre made in this
fo r work on
form. , po11 so rs' expcnclitun'
hi~hwn:7s, roads , and s treet , and for puh]ir
l)lJildings projt•cts approxunatecl 34 pl'rcent of
tol:1 I cost fo r th l'Sl' types . From 31 to 33
])L' rcc•nt of tlu· co ' t of four ot he r typ<'S of cons truction project s- r ecr eat ional facilities, publi c ulilitie , con servation , and sanitation - wa
rnl'l hy the spon ors. Thr community ser vice
prog rams, for which nonlahor expenditun•s
,,·t•n' relatiYt•ly ~mall , n•c('ivt•cl spon sors' ronlrihution s that an•ragl'd :2. percent of t he totn]
co c- l during tlw :' rn r .
, pon sors contrii>uted a lnr g('r s hare in the
fi se:1I .n ar 1941 than in till' preYious yenr for

TARIF

29 . .\

'10l ;\'r

01-

\\"P.\ \i\D ~po, ,._ .,H ,.,· 1-' ti-.-D;:s
TYl'I•;

0 1,

l'Ho.11, cT

n, l'H o.11, .. , ,_ OP1 . u,11.11
H!"I, '"' tc, '""

Exp1 ,; ,1H; n

AND

Bl

:-; .. ,

Yl'nr t.•ndinc: Ju ne 30. IW I

~I. 7"-ii.0-1.5. 332

in g: huild ings)
Publicly nwn('d
Utilitit's

~ponsnrs' fund s

P(•r-

of

C'Plll

Di,•is ion of Comm unity Ser virC'
Progrnm s

of
1

total
funds

30 i$1.H02.U2tl,Olii

100. 0~l.40"-i.5il,C.37 ~HIL3t1i. l 3fl

'.!Ii.II

w,. !Jf,4 , 1!12 43,, 190,392

33 0 1 I, 1111 ,33\1,,"9

,h !I I 11-"l, IOo,3,.1 111 ,2:1 1, 1:14

2.s.3

;!12, ;211, ti71

,~~. i'i'~. 727

l!H. Iii, H'.?i' 23,1. 2ti7, 2....1-1
fi-t . 72:',, 1-...u
121 , 11,\3, 53,

h5. 177. H7~l

2fi.2 17, 7i-..:

;4 2

!~U. ;-1.1. 2I.1 i

1'3, 212.

:w,

311 ;

-ti.ii
9 fi

1-i. 2

nr 01WraL L•d

.\ irport s and ai rw ays _
C'onsrr\·n tion
Sanit ntion
Enginl'rring sun·L'YS
Other

Pt'r-

c,•nt
A mount

1000 ~J.23\1, lib ,-m-4 $5-1i. 66, ...,;J-.,

1.:l2Ji. lM ..,,4

JI igh,\ flys , roads. and s trt.'i.:'tS
Puhli r hulldin gs
R('C"fL'ati onal fa.rilit it•s (e,clud-

\l ,.,on

1<1

\\"PA fund s

Ct'lll

Am ount

total
1 fund s
Totnl

I' \ ,

Total f1111d s

1\• r •

II' PA funds
,\.lll(Jtllll

\\

_,

Sponsors' fund s

Tot al runds

1<1

19,1, h7fi, H-...fi
ml. 777. 0H2
H U9, 9,1
20, H\J:J, -,;14
U, fr! O, ;,.,-12
22. 430, 23, ,

1:32, 1111,, Sh-I
-...(ii', 0,1fi

.,2.

b651

2'1, S\12,
13, u-...1. Hilt!
7. 7fi~. 302

14 , f,tb, 9911

.,2,.
i , OOli, lti,1

a7. 2; 1. :ir,:L
fi -t . 3f1 i . ."i:·Ui
2!1, 7;,.,\J, !'I I I

21, fl !H, 12 1

I, bll, 4rnJ
i, Ai'. 241-i

IO. VMI, 1.1 2

u. 010. 2 lfi

27, 0:12, 717

l ~. 22fi ..1.1H

14,

l(Jfi

16U

'.200. IHi,HOI

22. 2

n. -lS2,11l>4

1.,1:;, tiifl. '.!lfi
22. 2fi3. 20fi
-tY. ~1;1 ..,sn

fi2,i'\ti!I, 1:?2
Ill. 9Jo, n:m

[iii , Iii, 11~0
l o, 111 I,
14 . :{7H, Hii'
., . 270, ,12()
I. Ultl. 201i
1', l-i2fi. 21;,,.

2-... 2

2~. 01)1, ~5fi
1,1. 72:?. 7fi2

21 I
I~ . 3
W.h
) ,1, ,1

116

111.:i
:?:?. :i

27 ,
Ii i

3:? ti

H O. ,\3,1, ltis ,

2 1 :J

:l:J5. 1911,

13'1, 932, 157
72, -120. 11)-t
21 5, t.b. 549
i'. '-·1'-. 90.1

7 ~
4 I
12 IJ
I) 4

Ill I , Ill, I. ·144

34, '>50.

fi7, 1-10tl. 11,1h
lflti, \If~). 919
li,:1:h, 7"11'

1·1, Iii I. IOI\
-lb, 21 i, f-i30

29. 9%. ,3-,
-3, 4b4.,fi5

I ;
- fl 2

I~. 427, 53ti
-3, 403, 403

134, 3i9, ,i,\

,"ififi, Olli, 9h!'l :!27, ft! I. fl(lfi
12;,-...1 1, 11 7 .,ti,:-{f./,"-171

1-

Publ ic al' ti v1 t it'S
Hl'St•fl r('h a nd fl.'COrd s
" ' dfnn• (1nclmlirw sewin g)

Orlwr
Xational dC'fen sc Yocationa l train•
ing
~Iiscell arn:."o us ,,

25 I
20. 2

131. 2iH. 3 1U
!,Ii, 120, 1:J I

4 ,\

20-..., iifi2. -thh

11 U

l, ,510, 1.,;

22 4
19 2

H , 4fl7. 2:lo

0. ~

lll3. 2 14 , lli3
70. -102. 37H
173. i'O-t, !J52
12. 231, ~Sb

11, .'i&,, 302

3,. 6
-l,\l li, i;211

- II I

- 1,11,,, .130

,i :i

- 1'1 4fi2

Ii . U

3 1. H.11.536

2. :?3.). 2-12

-

5,.0!111

" l nclud(•s ndju s tnll' lllS ror ('\.Ct•ss or dt•p os its in tlw s uppl ) fund on• r payme nts out or th e suppl) fund a nd fu r ltt>m:s in Lrans it to control acco u nts.
and s ponso rs ' ,,,p,,11dilures for land, la nd leases, t~asl' mr11ts, a nd ri tr llls-vf-way.
Source: \\'o r k Projt.•t·ls .\d111J11 istrn tion.

evNy m a jor l)'J)(' of proje'C'l , ('Xet·pl ai rpo r t and
airway projects. Th(· declirn' i11 tlH' s pon sors'

han' for th e e projects was chi l' ll:r :1 ttri lrntable
to th l' fact that most of thr work do ne at a irports wa con s icl en'cl of g reat impo rtance for
nationa l d l'frn sl' and th erdon' Fl'dc·rn l fund s
Wl'n', i_n 1nan:r in s lnnc·Ps , usl' d for 11<rnlahor
o t abon' llw usun l !imita tion.
The kind s of \\·o rk cn rri l'd 011 1111d<'r lilt' \YPA
program in the· s tnl l's lrnve b(·c·11 dd1· rm i1wd
pri m arily by tlw lll'l'ci in th l' Y:iriou s commLmitic' fo r holh clP fl'nsc' and nonddl'n . <' l':lC'i li til'
and Sl'rYiC'es, th< · f-inancial abi liti es of tltt' stnt<'
and locn l gon•rnmt·n ts, and t lH' ly 1ws of skill s
po. C'SSNI h)' the per on, :wn i In hie for ' irPA
job . H iglnrn)' , road , and s ll'<'('l proje·rts nn'
\\· p ]l ndnpt rd to mo. t sta l<' \YPA prng r:im s.
In :1 11 hut fiye • s!:1l<'s, 1•xp<•11<lit1 11'<'" on rn:1<1

pr jC' ts ('XCt'e'clc-d thos(' on nn)· olh l'r t)' Pl' cl lll'i11g th<' y e,H l' IHlin g .J u1w :30. 194 1, ,111d in l'ighL
~lnll'S these projt•C'ls ,1c co unl(·d for hnlf or morl'
of th e total ('X IWJH Iitures. \Yo rk on ce rt:1 in
o tlwr typl'S of projl'cls. such as publi C' buildi ngs
a nd public utiliti ('S, r epr esen ts about t lw saml'
proportion of tot,1 1 expenclitun's in mos t s late,:
ns in thr cou ntry a n wholl'. The• rdatin•
amo unts spc'nl for ot hl'r t.Y J)('S of prnj l'cls, such
a nirpo rl wo rk , c·o 11 sv tT,ltio11 p rojl'C'l:,;, a nd some
of tl1 (' communi ty st•r v icL' actiY itie,s, havl' \' a ri l'd
con s ickrnh ly "·it l1 in th e l'nikd ~l ,lll's in rl'spon sc' to loca l soC'ia l nnd economic condition s,
" ·h ic h dmin g I D-! I we•n' grl'n t ly afl'l'Ctl'd i>)'
cldl'll Sl' acti,· itit'S. Th<' amou nt s l'xpended in
(':lC' h s tnll' nncl lh(•i r J)L'J'C(•nt:ige' di tr ib utio11
a rc' sh own hy m ,1jor t)' Pl'S of projl'rlS in Tnhk:-;
XY :ind XY I of the ,1pp<·11<lix.

PROJECT ACTIVITIES
purpose of thl' WP.A program
Thasprimary
always been to furni sh useful empl oyHE

ment to un employed workers in local comnnmities. Throu gh the operation of proj ects to
attain this end, publi c resources t bat otherwise
migh t have been used to suppo rt a considerable
part of th e population in idlen ess have been
directed toward t he construct ion or improvement of the physical assets of communities in
all parts of the coun try and tO\rnrd t be performance of use ful public sen- ices. A g reat
deal of th e work h a bet'n de,-oted to tlw improvement of phys ica l faC' ili t il's for transpor tation and communi cation , n·cn 'ation, education,
conservation , and public hea lt h and an itation,
and of faci li ties USl'd in t lw pe rformance of
other normal governmental full(:tio ns. Subtantial contri butions han• also been made
through noncon truction a ·t l\-1t1e
uch as
recreational leade rsh ip, e lu ca tional ('JT ices,
provision of sch ool lunch es and ot.h n \\'(']fare
work, the prosecu t ion of research and records
surveys , and m any otJwr aet iYities.
Much of tlw work tmdertnken through vVPA
projects ha s been a direct cont ribution to the
dcfrnscs of the Nation. This h, - been pn rticu la rly true during tlw 194 l fisu1 l Y('ilr. but it
applies also to the ea rli er ,V<'ars of progrnm
operation . Airport s t lt at li un' be(• 11 built or
improved duri111; t lw pasl six ,Vt'a rs for m an
important part of t he ~ntio 11 's aerial defen se".
Improvcnwnts mad<· by WP.A. \\·ork er hav e
lwlpcd to preserve tbe usvfulness of many militn ry and naval posts tli a t \\-ere becoming
obsolete. These kin Is of ,rnrk were e:-..-panded
64

durin g 1941 an I, in addition, new defense
actiYit ie were unde rtaken u clt a tl1<' con stru ction of access roads to mili ta ry and industrial
ccn tcrs and the train iJ1 g of manual workers for
occupa t ions n eed ed iJ1 defense industries .
Th e accompli shments iJ1 m a ny o f these field
are n ot read ily m easurable. For this reason,
th e record of achievem ent pre en ted in this
ch apter, extensive th ough it is, should be considered an indication rather t han a complete
summa ry of tl1 e con t ribu t ion t hat ha been
made by tirl' WPA program .
Transpo rtation and Communication

Const ruction ,tnd improvcmcn t of the facilities for trunsportation and communic:a tion that
are l'ssential both to thl' uccessful developm ent o f t he national defense a nd to the normal
condu ct of everyday a ffai rs h ave always constituted the m a jor activity under t he WPA
prog ram. Th e greater part of the i:mpro n•ments and add it ions to th e airpor t network in
this countr_v s inee l9 35 h ave been made through
WPA proje ·ts. WPA road work has don e
mu ch town rd making hio-hway and roa els in all
section of t he country a !equate to m ee t t he
req uirrnwn t of modern moto r tran spor tation.
Tlwst• ineludl' not on ly the need of farmers an d
otlters in rural ,1 ren.s but also milita ry and industri a l requ iremen t for n.c ·es roads and
strategic traffie routes. Work to improve water
tnmspo rtnt ion fo cili t ie ha been mu ch less
extens in·, but has been important in th e a reas
where it b us bee n under taken.

PH.( .J E T A Tl\"!TlES

Higlnniy, road , and tr('d proj<'ds nrl' W<' II
a lapL<'d to ])l'Ol'C' Ut iou u ndl'I' tli l' WPA program . Tli c 11 tmi lwr of pe ,--on t'mplo~·<'d on
them can lw rcndily i_nnca sed o r dt'nl'1t c'd ,
acco rding to th e numbe r o f Pligib l<' urn•mployed wo rk <· r 11Vn.il11bJt,, " ·ith o uL di s rupti_nO'
th e con t inuity o f wo rk . Sc·etions o f road s m ay
be full y C'O mpletcd so t h a.t t l1 Py 1lr<' usHhll' in t lt c
even L t hn.t lnrgc numbt.,·s o f workn ll'ave fo r
lrnrn·st \\·o rk or oth e r priYate em pl oyml'n t .
Fu rt hl' rmon•, p roject of t his type cn n ut ilize
la rge• numb(' rs o f th e un killed a nd emi s kill ed
labo re rs " ·ho eon t i tu te a la rgl' propo r Lion of t h
t ta] elig ible worlrnrs.
A a result of the emphas is pln ced on t hi
kind of work , th e accomp li - hm e nts on highway,
roa d , a nd st n·ct proj ects s ince the csta bli lrnwnt
of th e WP A program m July 1935 ha vc been
cxtc n ivc•. In th e LX yea rs en d in g wiLh Jun e
1941 , a tota l o f some 600 ,000 mile of road
constructi on or improYem cn t wa co mpleted.
Durin g th e In s t year o f this p eriod , vVPA high way , road , nnd s Lrcet co ns truction o r improvem ent aver aged a bo ut 230 mile fo r eac h da y o f
t h e yea r .
B y far t he gr eatest part of the WPA road
work ha b c•c•n in rura l areas. Of t h e mileage
compl eted in th e s ix-year p eri od, a bout 530,000
r epresented t h e con st.rn ct ion or i.mprovem e u t of
ru ral road as compared wiLh 61,000 mill' ' o f
urban trerts. In add it io n , abo u t 10,000 mile
of road in parks and ot he r l'L'Se r va Lion wcr
com pl ett'd b_Y vVP A work l'rs. Tlw e m il<-age

65

tota l:- inc lu dt' till' 11ccPss road , '1tnltPgic highwn .Ys. nnd ot ll(•r ro1id \\·ork importar1t for d!' f<' ll SC
purpn:-t•s t h1il an· di ·eu. s(•d briefly 011 pag(• 25
o f t l1 is rl' porl.
('xi t beLW('<'ll tlH'
lmpo rtilll t diffl'rl'n C<'
ki11d s of road work r<"quir<"d in urban ,i 11 d i_n
rurnl arl'as. .\I utlt of t he work in urb n11 areas
i.m·o l ve t he wicll'n in g o f trel'Ls, replac·c·mc'n t
of o ld p avem l' n t by nl'w a nd o ft<' n hig h- type
tu·fac i.ng, and t he rdocnt ion of s idrwalk ,
curb , g u tLl' rs, and ot hl' r t rcct appurtc• nn.11cc's.
In rura l ar<'aS, on l he oth('l' hand , t ht• JH'CP ary
m1provL' llwnts co 11st itute a s irnpll'r kind of
co n t rn ct io n . Rurnl road s can often be widened
wi t hout n ·bui lding t he e n ire roadbl'd and
high -ty pe urfn cl's arc note sc n tial to carry t he
a n t ic ipated t ra ffi c loads. These cl iffc•rcnces
a re rdlected in t he fa ct that on ly a bou t 9
pNcent of the roads built or improved t lu·o ug h
WPA proj t•ct s in rura l a reas h ave h nd high- type
mfacing as compared wi t h 43 p ercl'nt of th e
s t re<"t,- 0 11 whi c h 1\·ork has bl'l'TI clone in urban

Farm -ta- mar ke t roads built by
WP A worke rs; the one above
is near M eridia n (Miss .) and
that al the left is nea r Falmouth (Mass .)

66

REPOR'l' OX PROC:RE S OF THE WP

ccn ters .
Tl'Yc rlltC'h'ss, l 11<· impron'llll'n ls made
on farm-lo-markl'l :rn d ot h<• r rur:11 rnnd s, g i,·ing
farmers access to m:nk<•Ls, schools, nnd churclH•s
and permit t in g n 'g ubr mail cldiY<•ries in all
wrathers, undoubtedly rcprescnL at ka ;;t as
gr eat a hcndiL Lo rural familie as clo th e -trc t
con stru eLi n job to mb an r esidcnLs.
Ill u l ra tive of the work in urbn n cen tl'r is
the Kilhomn Avenue widening project in
Milwauke e, ·vvi seonsin. Thi s t reet is bC'in g
developed to ha ncllr lw:w:v east-,n· t trnfJ-ic,
thus keeping no ---tmrn traffic off the principal
busi.nes. s tred of the eity. T h e undertak ing
is a uni t of a eomprelwn ivl' plan , deYi Sl'd
jointly by th e eity and eount:v, to cl •n-lop
major traffic artl'rics. T en eit:v bloc-ks h:1Ye
been improved th rou gh th<' use of ,yp A 1n hor
on severa l proj<•ct
pon sorecl h:v the eity.
Th e work ineludccl the dem oliti on of more
than 60 structures; rem val ::rnd r eplacem ent
of sidewalks, dr iveways, ctu·bs, and gutt ers;
widenin g and pavin g of str eet, smfo cc to
provide two 40-foot trnffic lan es cp nra tcd b~r a
landsca p ed C<'ll lC'r plot vn rying from 20 to :?30
feet in width ; and uch appurtPn:mt " ·ork ns
laying S<',n'r li1ws and prm·idin g stn·d lig hting-.

Ki lb ourn Avenue in
Mil waukee before
and aft er wideni n g

PRO RAM

T AIJ LE 30. - l l i GH \\' AL , ROAD.', AND STREETS CONSTRUCTE D OR b 1PRO ED ON P ROJE T . OPEIL\TED BY

WPA
CVMll LATI\'E T II ROLT{: IJ J UN" E 30, 19-11

:\Jiles

Item
Total

Total. _

Rural roads. _
Stree ts and alleys
Other roads .

n ig h -type
surface

L ow-type
surface and
un surfacerl

74. ,114

52G, 53i

530. 274 1 - - 46-. 303
61, 409
26. 271
9. 658
2,230

483, 971
35, 138

n0I. 341

7. 428

traffic co nt rols, and fi r (' :md poJicl' :1 larm
systems .
· 'u10th er and mo re unu sual kind of construction pro jecL under t,1keu in an urban Cl•nt cr was
t he extens ion of 4,650 fe et of subwa~' for str eetca r operation in Bos ton, 11a achusetts. Thi
work, completed in D ecemb er 19--10 , " ·as cal'l'iecl
on in one o:I Lh e mosL Lhi ckly popu lated and congested sec tion s of t he city. T emporary "-alks
:111c1 oth er aJeguarcl fo r pedest rian traffic
were bui lt , adjacent buildi ng \\'ere und erpinned , and t he pro ject wa. operated :it time
wh en t he noi -e would cause tlt e least interference
"·ith bus iness in Lhe vicin ity . The exc:ffat ion
was made through so ft materi al wit h a g round
w:,tl'l' level from fom to twelve fe et belo"' the
surfac e. T h ese conditions, toget her " ·i th the
pre cn ce of ol str uclions, such as old p ilings,
wh arves, :1,ncl abandon ed sewers, presen tcd cliffi<·ul t co n tr uction problems.
J eYNtli eless,
undl' r the expert upl'!'v ision of th e engin ccri1io- s taff of lh e citv 's t ran s it commi sion , tbe
job was completed ·by rclati ,·ely uns kill t·d m en

G7

PROJ E T A T f\ T l 'TE

at a co. t that comp a red fa vora bly with s imilar
jo b, 0 11 o t li n S<·<· li orn; or Ili c subw:iy lin e. :\lorl'
tlrnn a fo ur th o f t he lotn l pro jec t co L was paid
b y th e sponso r.
ln conn ect ion with th e 1YPA work on high ways , r ,id , a ncl s lr!'d s, lar,..:c numb ers o f
brid ges mid c ul w rt :-; lt:we I een I uill and ext en s in ' impron'nwnl s i1i th e form of sid ewalks , c urb ', a nd g ull crs lrnve been co mp leted . Durill g th e s ix y cnr e ndin g witli
Jurn' J 9-1-1 , ab ou L n ,000 n ' w brid g es nncl v in clu cl s \\·t• re bui lt by \\' PA wo rke rs a nd , orn e
44 ,00 0 o thns w ·n · n •con tru ctc d . Of lir e n ew
brid ges, a b o u t 20,000 " ·en ' o f s Lc' d or rn:i sonry,
l u t th e gr ea t maj o rit y (5:j,000) wer e of woo d .
Th e woo d en a nd rn :1sonry brid g t•s rw t•raged
abo ut 30 fret in leng th , hut th e t ccl bridges
wer e con sicl crnbly lo nger (50 fr et , on th e a v erage) . Th e new c ul v ert s complc Lccl t.l, rougb
WPA proj ' Ct
numb er ed a pprox im:1,tcly a
millio n fo r th entire six-yea r p e ri od. Dmin g
th e Hl-l l fi sc al YL' ar ,1lou c, 3 1 ,000 n w culve rt s
"'ere in s tnllecl , an a ,·e rage of a b o u t 600 per clay .
Th e hridges a nd viaduct , like th e highways
of which th ey arc a p :=i r L, vary wi Lb th e n eed
th ey ::n-c in t end ed lo sa tisfy . Som e of th em ar c
impor t an t s te el sp an s of con id e rabk length .
11::rny of th em arc small, s turd y brid ges r epl:=i cing wea k s tru ctures tlrn t wer e un s a fe for m od ern
truc k t raffi c. Some elimin ate th e n ecessity of
fo rdin g trcams th at bec ame impassable in
m iny weat h er. Oth ers r ·place old hricl g<' tha t
WL'r e too n arrow Lo accommo laLe even two lanes
of tniffi r . A 1w " · 40-foot rcinforcNl con cr e t e
o-ir k r sp :=i n b11il L ano, s th e P ensa ukee Ri Ye r
in Ocon to Co un ty , \\' i con s in , 1w nnit tcll t he
r clo(' ,1 li on of n r oa d th at h ad been closetl lo
trafti c p rac- ti c,iUy ever y spring hec,rnsc of hig h
w :=i ter :=i nd wa s ho u l . Th e ll<'W road is fo ur
f t high er an d <.:on t-- id <•mbly s ho r ter th a n th
old on e :=incl p ussn blc in ,111 S<'a on s .
i\[u ch wor k h as a lso b ee n dmw Lo in c rca !' th <'
afcty of roa ds and to improve t lw ir npp l'n rnn ce.
l\ lore th an 153 ,000 mile of ron d s icl<- d ra in aµ:ch a ,·t• b •en comple ted Lo r Cllu c LIL<' ltaznrd s of
flo d cd ronchrny s; 4 ,000 mil t's o f g u a rdra il :-;
and g u:ud\\·,111 h ave be ' n bu il t or un p ron•d ;
~7.000 l ll' \1- lighl s tand ard, h nw bt'en in s tti lkd
an d G!i ,000 o the r::, lmv<' bc<·n n·t·o 1Hlit io n ed ; a nd
24, 000 tr:=i ffi c s ig n:-; h nve h<'c n l' rl'c-led . ln
a dd it ion , JH•,uly 44, 000 m il<'s of roa dway h ave

Ma so nry b ri d ge bui l t u nd e r th e farm -t o -mar k et ro a d prog ram
in K entu c ky t o repla ce th e o l d cove red
b rid ge a t the ri ght

hl'<'l1 impron•d by cle,1ring a nd pla n Lin g hru bs
,md tr ees , odclin g ,rncl sc•edin g of roa d sh o ukl<•rs
a nd parkway , and o ther roads id e bea u tif-icn Lion
\\·ork . So m e 25, 000 miles of c urbs a nd 5,900
mile of g u tters lta ve I cc n co ns t rnc ted or impro n d . F or Lh e b en efit of ped <•s Lrinn s, 18 ,000
mile of n ew pn ved sidewa lks and p a th. have
b l' en complct N l and 7,000 miles of both ty p s
h a ve been recon , tru c tecl o r improYecl .
Some f lh.t· 1\' PA n on con s tru c Li o n work h as
also been directed toward th e improv em ent of
t rn w port:=i Lio n fa ilitics. S urvey
of t rn fhe
m a d <· b:v 1V1 \. worker s in coop erat ion wi t h
loca l comm unit)' offi cials have led to ch a nges
in tr:1flic muling a nd in selec t ing t h e s t ree ts
on " ·hi ch imp ro n•m ent s ,n•r e m os t n eed ed. As
a result , proj ec Ls s ubsequ c nLly selected for
op era t ion hn w hdp cd to r educe acc iden ts and
t o improv t rnlfic condi tion s.
'IYPA work in th e fi eld of a ir tran spor ta Lion
h as b n directed toward m a kin g grou nd fi1c ilit i<' a cl eq un l e for the use of llw fast ,1 irc rnl't
T .1BLE 31. - Biun c; Es , Cu LvE 11Ts , .1N n O 'r H E R Ro Ao
APPUln'E:-1 \NC E S CONSTR UCTED
P ROJECT,., O P EHATE D BY \VP A
('1 \l l I \ Tl\!• 1J IRO L'C II

OR

! MP ROVE D

ON

J t'\ E ;~(l. !ti.f l

H econ ·

Xew
Type of road app11rtL•nnntl'

l· nit of
meas ure men L

Tota l

('011-

str ucLion or

s trt J('·

1111 -

tion

provcnw n t

<iultcrs
C:uardr::tib und e: 11::irdw nlls
C'11ln•r1s

\l iles
.\ liles
\l! les
\ li lcs
~umber

B rid E!l'S n.ud Yinducts

Sid rwa lk s ::ind p:1 th s

C11rhs

21. -. . o~
21,049
25. 226 21. '-186
s. ',\15 5. 122
4. IS\!
2. ~06
1. l 12 •.'i.JO 99,. %3

6, 759
3. 3 10

;73

l , 3S3
114 . ,55i

N umber

llti. fif,3

72. 699

43, 6-1

\\"ood

~ u m her

7fi, Vt~

St<•<•I

X um hC'r
XumhC'r

21. 1[}8

52. IG2
Ii. O:lli
I I. 20 1

2 1. 4,'i6
l fi, 122

\ I nsonry

l'-1 , I X7

I, 286

68

HEPORT O:'\ PRO C;RESS OF 'l'H E WP A PRO UR AM

t hat lrnvP bPl'n d eY( •lopPd in l'!'C l'n t yl•a r .
T lw accom pli . hnwnt in c lud l' th l' d l'Y<'lopmen t
of , onw 220 JH'W la n d in g ti l' ld s rrnd t lw enl a rgerrn·n t or i.Jnprovt'mcnt of a bout t wi ('(• t hat nun1lw r, ,l Wl• ll fl t lw n ew con s t ru c ti on or i1nprov m(•n t o f 3,400 ,000 frrt o f ru11way 1111d of mnny
tax i s tri p s, t urnin g circl( •S, a n d oLhl'r airpor t
fn c ili t ics. Sin ce p rn c ti ea lly all nirpor t work
i now con sidr red impo rt nnt to the n ation al
(J<,frn '-', th ese accompli shm l'n ts ar c descri bed
m ornp det a ii in th e sec t ion on d efen se work
(png " 24 a nd 25 ).
I m proY elH('ll ts to wnter tr an spo r tat ion fac ilitil's t.hnt hnw hePn com pl l't(•d tl,ro ugh t h
op r ra ti on of 1YPA proj (•Ct h avr con s is trd for
Lhe m os t pa rt of tlw con s t ru ct io n or rccont.n1ct ion of cl oc ks, whr1 1-Y("S. p iPrs. nn d j<'t ti c
a nd br ea k wa ters. Ar t ifi c ial ch ann els and cnn als
hnvr nlso been buil t or improved .
Communi cn t ion sc1T ices h ave b em ext en d ed
b.'' th e s tri ng ing of 3. 500 m il r of pu bli cly
ownNI t clcpli o1w and tel egra p h lin r , and th P
i.J11pr0Ycm c•n t o f nbo u t 2.200 m il l', of ex is t ing
lin t's . Thl'SC li nr h nw fnc ili tntNI cornmun irn ti on fo r fin' preYPn t ion work in fon•s t and
hav r m1proved int r rcommu n ica ti on n t nrrn .'·
ba es and o t ltr r F ed era l <•s t ablishm C'nt . 1YPA
wo rk e rs h av<' al o con, t ru ctrd or impro ved
po li cl', fire ,il a rm , and t rnflic s ig n,1 1 lin es whi ch
in tota l kn g th \\·ou ld r each from ~ c,,· Yor k to
, an Fran c isco .
Education

L oc nl communitiP haY e r rcognizr d th e ad,·a n tngl' to he dt·rin·d from 1Y PA work in the
fic,Jd of cd urn t ion an d h n, T spowor l'd man~T
proj<•cts ho t h to imp rov e th eir ch ool p lan t
an d to r xtcnd r cluca tional sc1T icPs to g ro ups
no t ordinarily n •aclH·d by tlw p u bli c ch ool
sys l<•m s. T h r ll Pl'cl fo r imprcn-<•m r n t or cxt cn , ion o f , chool fo c ilitil's Y:Hi<•s " ·ick ly , of coursr,
from onp community to nn o tlw r. and tJ1 i
v nriati on is rd k ctccl in th <· kind s of work don e
hy tlw \\'PA in this fi eld . .\I an.'' W PA projc•ct
have bPr n und l'rt nkl' n to improv<• or recon dition ' ch ool building tha t h ad fa lkn into di sn• p a ir durin g th e dep r ession yea r nnd th at,
in m a ny in s tan ces, had been ron dl•mn ed by
publ ic offi cin ls. T h e ty p e of wor k h ave
ran g<· d fro m t hr r r p lacem r nt of roofs to com-

pkte r Pnovat ion to pr ovid r m od r rn lig h t ing,
h rn tin g, nnd plumbing fa cili t ies for t hr school
r hildrr n . Thro ug h t h WPA prog ram more
t h an 30 ,000 ·c hool buildmgs ra ng ing from
m a ll rum! sc hoo l to la rg <' c ity in t itutions
were irnprovrcl d uring t he p eri od from th e
begi1rning of th e program thro ug h Jmie 1941.
A bo u t 5,000 nr \\· ch ool building wer e compl eted by WP A worker cl urin g th e a m e sixyear pe ri od . l\fony of th em prov id e a m od ern
edu cn ti o n al pl a nt t replace an innd equ atc old
om rt im c th e n ew buil d iiw s
es ta hl i hmen t.
wer e dP ign ed to r ff r ct th e con olid ation of
sevcra.l ch oo ls , p e rmi tting th r old b uild ing to
b e con vr r t ed in to bran ch libr:ui c or to lw used
for other edu ca ti o nal pmpo cs.
T ABLE 32 . -N u M B E R O F ScHoo·L B u r LD JNG s Co ,_
STRU 'l'E D ON PRO J E T S O PE R ATE D B Y \ V P A , BY
P U PI L CA PA CI T Y
CU M l'LAT I VE T II ROr<ai J u~E

30.

I );ew construct ion

194 1

Ad<li t io ns

P upil capacit r

To ta l
Less t han so
50-1 49
J.'i0- 249
2.,0- 349
3S0-449
4,o0-549
;i.\0---~•19
fi.'i(\-749
750- 49

"-50 a n<l ov('r ________ _

~~~~~~1. •) 9

I, 978
8ll
444
252
184
74
2i

19
25

121

02
31

28. 3
43. l
JS. I
6. 3
3. 2
1. 6

1.5

14

0. 7

0. 5
0 4

13
10
9

0. 5

25. 3
38. 8
15. 8
8. 7
4. 9
3.0

0. 5

540
19
289

0. 7
0. 5

The rw w sch oo ls th at projec t p onsors h ave
ch osen to bui ld with n'PA assis tance r an O'ed
from small building fo r ru ra l a rea to large city
in s t it u t io ns \\7 th ac ornm d at ion s for m any
I earl y t wo-fif th s of th e m
b m1 lr('d o f p upiL .
we re buildin gs 11·ith a ca p acity of b etween 50
a n d 1.50 p up il s. :1 is in dicat ed in T a bl e 32 .
AJ th ou g h sm all schoolh ou se w ith perhap n o
mor r t han on e or two ro m s co n t inu e to fi.11 th e
n eeds in som r sp:1 1-_ dy c ttlrcl a reas or sc t ions
Khc rr tran spo r tat ion is d iffi c ul t , th e c m all
ch ools ,vith roo m for !cs t h an 50 pupil s m ade
u p o nl y 25 pr rccn t o f t he WPA-built total.
Nc•a rl:r 16 p e rcen t of th e sch o l h ad fac ili ti es
for lw t wr r n 150 a n I 250 pupil s, an d a li g h tly
lar g-r r prop or t ion could accomm od ate b etween
250 and 550 children . The r em aining 3 p ercent
of th r ch ool build in gs wer e large stru ctures, 25
of ,vh ich ha d room fo r mor e th an 50 pupil .

G9

PB.OJ EC'l' ACTlYITlES

CHART 11

EDUCATIONAL BUILDINGS CONSTRUCTED OR
IMPROVED BY WPA
Cumulative through June 30, 194 1

.

..

aooac
□□□□□
00000

□□

□□
□□
□□
□□

.

□□

.

.

□□•

□□□

.

□□
□□

.
.

....

□
D

□
□
□
□

cc □□
□□ D

□
□

□

....
□□□

■

Re o re -t s

1 00 ne""

buiid,nga uaed

Tot.ti.

h ■ ve

bullcHn g s

o, ad d 11\ons 10

f or e duca l \.o,.. a l pvrooses .

been ro un de,d

to t he ne ,,...,.t hall un it .

WPA 4 030

One of the new grad e school buildings with
fa ciliti es for approximatdy 100 p11pil s was
r ecently ·omplct cd in ~h a wn ce C ounty , n ear
T op eka . Kan a . The d es tru c ti on of th e di stri c t ch oo l by fin • in thl' spring of 19;-39 had c-r cat ed an urgent n el'd for sc-h ool fa c-iliti l'• in that
li s tric t where te mporary sch ool quarters w('re
I ein g proYi led in an old railway conch.
Thr ugh coopera tion with th e WPA , a n ew
chooJ " ·n built at a cos t of $37 ,000 of wbi c- h th e
pon or proYid ed nbo ut a third . Co ns tru cted
of brick. wit.h an asphalt rnof and s ton l' trim ,
th e n ew sc-hool contain s four el assroo ms, oflires,
a nd an auditorium with a s tage on the main
floor and has bo iler, pump , a nd c-oal room s in
the basem ent.
Among th e buildin gs Lhat a.re p a rt.l _v edu cational and p a rt.ly r(•C'J'cati on:11 in fun ct.ion i th e
n ew stud ent-a c tiviti es buildin g con tru ckd by
WPA worker for tlw, l a te T ea ch ers' C oll egr a t
T empe, Arizona , whPn' lh t' co ntinu a ll~, in('l'<'l1Sing en roll m,·nt had <-r<•fll ('d 11 n<'<'d for exp a nd ed

s tud en t fa cilit.ies. Th e cen t ral p a r t of the
buildin g is an a uditorium , nn unu s ual fcatme of
whi ch is :1 t wo-wa y sLage con stru cted so t h at
its aucli encl' rn a,:v b l' scnted e ith er in th e auditorium or o n th e lavvn ou t. id e. C lassrooms,
offi ce room s. lock er room s, and sh ow ers a r e
providl'<l in the " rings on eith er side of th e
a uditorium . F or th e " ·a ll of the building,
vVPA w rkrn en m ad e bri ck s ou t of th e earth
whi ch wa s exc aY a led to form th e b asem en t,
u sm g n an admixture a bitulith.ic oil or ernul ifi er in s tea d oJ th e wa ter 11nd traw custom arily
u e I in th r m anufaeture of ad o b e in Ari zon:1.
The fo und at ion is of rr inforcwl con cr ete an d th e
roo f i con·red wi th as best.o roofing. M ural s
for th e d eco rn t ion o f the 11udi Lor ium an d h an lwon• n t ex til es fo r ,vind o" ' d rap eri es a n d u ph ois t t' ry were prov id ed tlu-o ugh a WPA a rt
p ro j ect.
E cl11 c11 tion al fo cili t ic have also b een Jn1 proved throu gh p ro jC'<: ts for th con trucLion o f
a dd i ti on s to rxi, ting buil ding . A sma ll rum ]

70

HEPORT OX PROGRE

New grade school building 1n Shownee Cou nty (Ka ns)
repla ces on older buildin g destroyed by fir e
community in Bullo('h C ou nt:·, (; !'orgia . " ·hi ch
had reaclwd it s limit of pe nni s ibk liondl'd ind r htrdnl'ss , was in g rc:1l rn•c• d of ndclitional
cla ssroom sp:1 cc and fo ·i litil's, becau se of tlw
g rmdh of the -ch ool population. 1Yith 1Y.PA
providin g th e labor and the ·ounty a s pon o r
pro,· icling money and mat erial to the exll'nl of
about -10 pen·(•nt of llH' total co l, nn addition
wa mncll' lo lh <' X l'Yi ls 11 igh .__ c-]100I. Th !' n !',,·
s lru c- ltm• i a fin•-room fmnw building. containin g :1 canning pl:1nt. a form and indu s trial nrl s
hop. an agriniltural tla ssroom. and b,·o h m e
economics cl.tssroom .
Sin cl' tlw bl•ginni.ng of th e program , m r e
Lhan 1,900 additions to sc hool s ha-v(' been ons trnct ecl throu gh iYP.\. projt•cl . l\lore than
two-fifth of th ese additions h:Wl' a capncil:· of
lwt,,·<'t'n ,50 and 150 pupil s, a
imli ·ated in
Table 3~.
\\. PA contribution m th e fi eld of clucation
h:n-c• inc·htd Pd the prm· is ion of mnn:· <'<h tc-n l ional

Interior of Student Activ1 t1es Buddin g at A11zono Stat e
Teachers College (Tempe); furniture , drapery and
uph olstery material , as we ll as th e bu ilding
itself, ore products of WPA labor

OF T HE WPA PRO ,RAJ\I

opportunilil's for p<'r on lw:·oncl rhool age and
for d1ildrl'n of pn•school :tg<' from low-i11come
familic· . Th<'S<' l'ducation:1 1 :1cti,·itit• han• been
·onducl<'<l on 11 s tn,t e-\\·ide lias i in clo <' cooperation with , t,1tc · dc•partrnl'itl of rclucation, to
m:tkc · sure l h:tt th ey suppil'm en t rnllH'r than
L:1kt' thl' p lace of any acLiYiliP conducted by
l'xi s ling tall' lnm•au s . ln addition lo l'Xpanding lh l' edu cational opporlunili l' ilY:tilnblc to
thl' publi c, th<' ' (' 1YPA projPc-ts h:1'°(' facilitated
th l' pla cement of 1t1wrn1 loyecl ll•a ·h l'rs in reo-u lar job umll'I" lhl' s tat · chool y tcm .
\rork to clirni11ate illitent c)· and to facilitate
th <' naluralizalion of alien ha occupied an irnporl:mt place in th e edu ·ational program.
1YP.\. litl' rncy c-1:7 ses have been conducted for
thl' hl'1w fit of t he many American ,,·ho have
g r01n1 to maturity ,,·ithout !(,arni11g to read and
\\Till' nncl of lhl' large numb(•r of a li en who
mu s t ll'nrn to r l'nd and ,nit(• En gli h befon· they
can IH'g in lo t:1 kl' tep tow:1rd becomin g citiZ('llS of tlw l Tnil(·d Sta.ks.
To a is t forrignhorn J)l'rson s in laking furth e r tt•p to"·ard
n:1 l1trnlization . additional cla s c arc included
undl'r th e educational prog ram. In tb('Sl' clas es
pros p l'c tiv c citizen
tudy th e hi Lory of the
l nill'cl, tates, l11 e principll's of clemoerntic go,· (• rnmc·nt. thl' re, ponsibilitil' of c itizen !ti p , and
othn subject m,1ttt' r rcquir('d for naturnlization.
Bc•c:lll'l' litl'r:H·:· and nr1tun1lizatio11 ,,·ork are
o closl'l)· r el:tll'd, many l:lll' han• conducted
tlwst' c-la ssl' a one progr:1m ; tb e1·don• dn ta for
th!' country ,ls :l whole an• :n-ailahk only for th e
lm1 :1etiYitic·s eombinccl. Durin g tlw month of
.\pril Hl-11, about 211.000 pprson wen' r nrollecl
in lill'racy and n: turalizalion cl:1sses provided
1m d (• 1· tlw WPA l rogram .
•\I thou gh l:1rg!' numbt"rs of prrson Jiavc been
assisll'd in obtaining thl'ir eitizl'n hip through
1\'P,\ clnssc·s durin g thl' pa s t s ix :·t•:H s, a large
fit•ld for tlw t•xprrn ion of s uch ,,·ork remains.
RP:-nilL of lh l' :1lic·n r <'gis tr:1tion i.n D l'cember
1940 indicall'd that tlwrl' ,n•n• mon• than
-1 ,.500,000 :1li(•n s n•, iding in l lw Cnitt•d States. a
c011sitlc-r::i bll' m1rn bl•r of " ·horn are pro ha hly un:1 hi<' lo ren d and \\Tite Eng li s h .
In a numlwr f
s la ll's th e al i<'n population rr presr n ll'd more
tli:111 ,5 pnc!'nt of th e s tall' total in 19+0. It
is irn p rtnn l, espl'c iall:v in the pn•svn l t•mcrgP nc-:· , tl1 :1 t .1 many J)l' rson s a s an• :1bh• to
atct•pl tlw n ·spon s ibilitil's of ·itize11 l1ip sh ou ld

PROJ8 T

do o. One o f thr main ohjPdin•;; of tlw C'cl11 c11LioJ111 l program undl' r tlw \\'P.\. n,t the pn'se nt
ti.mr i to hrlp uc h per t 11s lw<"onw c- iLi7 e ns by
·onduc:ti11g cJ:1 es 11 lon g frn es sugg(•s lcd b_v tlw
[mmig ration and Na lurnli 7,ltion . . e rvi ce, a nd
at Lbe encl of th e fi ca l year plan wNe und e r
way for th e expnn ion of lltl' e cla .. e a a
defense men un' .
The WPA in coo p eration " ·iLh th U11itc,d
tatc Offic e of Edu ntion and local pon ors
h,t undertnk en YOC:1lio1rnl ln1ining in the
inkn• L of n:1Lionnl defen se'. Tlii n.1Lio11nl
defen se vocationn l trni11ing proj ect, a w ell ns
t h e trainin g for h o u d10Jd and in titutionnl
worker and tlw gcn en1 l vocn lionnJ tmi:n in g
provi led under llw adult edue,1tio11 prog rnm
of th e il'PA , lll'e disc u cd in t h e sect ion beg inni:n g on pn ge 29.
B e id e lit c rnc:v and natun1liz:1tion course
and ,·o :1tio11nl trniniHg , m a ny gen era l Nlu cationa l actiYiti e~ nn' t arried on und er t h e adu lt
education prog rnm. C la se arc conduct ed in
a rnriety of ' llhj ed which ban e nabled
hundred of thoturncl of adult (292.000 in
April 1941 nlon e) , m,m)- of \\"bom had only the
mo t rudinwntnry eclu cnlion , to take more
advanced " ·ork. A p cc ial ,,·orkcr ' se rvi ce
prog ram ha nlso lwcn unclcrt:1ken in :1 numbe r
of tall' to meet the edu cat ional n eed s of both
inclu trial : ncl ng ri cu l tura l worker .
Activitic. in ,,·hich the gen eral public parti cipate , u ·h :1 lectures, forum s, and a r t and
mu ic clas, c, . nrc nlso concluded throu gh t h e
1YPA eel u ·:1 t io11 p1·og- r:1 m . Th e pub lic participation in th esl' :1ctiYili<'s durin g the m o nLh of

Th is WPA-buil t
school (in Par is,
Texos) con accom modate 600 stud en ts

.\

TT\" 1TT8

WPA

naturalization class for foreign-born
Kansas City (Mo .)

71

resi d en ts of

April 194-1 in Ii ·ntes t hr wid e int e rest shown 111
tlw , c l'du c: nti mil pursuits. ALLe11dn,n c aL lectures and forum appronc bcd 1:35,000 and enro llnwnt in art and mu s ic cla sc totaled ,lbout
290.000 in that 111011 th.
~ur c ry ch ool acliviti · , closely intcg rntcd
,,·itli pn rent edu catio n and ho □ll'mn kin g, co mprise th e vYPA family life cducaLion prog ram.
Th e m1r <'l'Y cli ool arc le ig1wd to scrVl' presc hool chilclrl'n from relief and lo,v-incomc
gnrnps . Th e c hildren arc g i,· n Wl' ll-b:1.lan l'd
me.1 ls, n dnily h ea lth ins pec tion and essential
h ea lth e1Tices, nml opporlunitic for exp e rience
with books, pi c ture , mu s i , c:reMin· material s,
and uch g uidance a children n eed to learn
per ona l ind e pcncl cnc and ocia lly useful way
of li,·in g. Paren t-education allCI hom e making
class(•s re latin g to di et , bud ge ts, chil d car e,
and imila r ubj cc t arc con du c ted for th'
pnn•nts of nu1" ery ehool and ot lwr childre n.

72

REPORT ON PROCRE

Lunch tim e in a WPA nurse ry sc hoo l

D uring th e rn ont.h o f April 194 1 :1l1out :3 7.000
rl1ildrcn we re cnrollc I in 1,300 vVPA m1rsl' 1·.'sc hools, and about 1:32,000 ad ult :1ttc11d('d
pa l'l'll t-cdu a t,ion and h om emakin g cl :1ss ·s.
P erson s wi th phys ica l h:mdi c:1ps han nlso
been ben efited thro ugh \VPA eclu c:1tional projects.
' p cc ial classes h ave been condu cted for
in st itutiona lized a nd h andi capp ed children :1 11 d
adults. Vi s ual aids h ave b een mad e for t,11 (•
use of p e rson s h a ndicapp ed by I ss o f ]1 (' ari11 g .
Three di rnl'ns ion a l model , r eli ef rnaps .• rn d
oth er d cYiC' es lrn,,·c bcl',1 produ ced on \r .PA
proj c·cts for Lli c use of th e blind .

O ne of the 1 ,100 gymna si ums that ha ve b ee n bui lt wit h
WPA labor; thi s o ne is ot Spri ngville (Utah)

OF T H E W PA PROGRAM

Lilmn.'· fnc-iliti< •. h ave been extend ed t t h e
gl'JH' r:1] puhlic both t hrou gh t he co nstru c tion ,
enlargr nwrit . o r improvc m c11t of a bou t 1,000
lihr:1ry buildin g, a nd through th a ~s i tanc e
furnish ed in t.h e o per ation of tl, o ustrnd of
lihrnries throu ghou t th e eo trn try. T h
xt n-s ion of pc•rmancnt lil r ary e r vice syste ms to
a rc·ns \\-h e re s uch facili ti
we re in ad equate or
nollexi s tcnt ha s been effected th ro ugh cl cm ons t.ra Lion s t.h n t in cl ucle bran ch librari c and
hook d eposit s t,ntions, nu gm c nt cd by bookmolii]c. ser vice in rura l ar ea . In ad di t io n to
libra ry ser vices rendered. n ea rly
7.000 ,000
liou ks ha n ' bcc- n reno vated or rep a in•d hy iiVPA
11·o rkl'rs s in ce th e in ce p t ioll of th e program.
Rec rea tion

Th e s ponsorship of pro] t m the field of
rce r e:1 t ion b~- loen l co rn mu ni t ic r cfi ect th
growin g int.ercs t in fa cili t ie o f th is ty pe by
th e gencrnl pub lic .
u bstanti a l eontribu t ion s
hnY e bc•en mnd e throu gh th e con s tructjon of
rec rf' :1tjo nn l building ; a tota l of 8, 000 n e w
buildin gs hnd betn complc t · I tbrou gl1 vVPA
projl'c ts by th e ellcl of Jun e 19-11. and mor e
thn.11 ."l.000 l'X is tin g r ecr entio nal bui ldings had
i>L'L'l1 reno ,-.itcd . Durin g th e sa me period 500
,1cldi t io11 s w ere co m pl etecl. lndudcd am on g th e
new huildi11 gs 1H·r c nearly 400 a udi to rium and
1.100 gynrn:1 siurn s .
So m e of th e n um e rous r ccrl'at ion al fa ciliti es,
o ther th, n b ui ldin gs that h ave bee n comp leted
t hrough projl'ct ll'Ork , a re illu s trated by the
:i eco mp:rn~Ting ph otogrnph s a nd a summary of
;1L·co rnplisl1 m cnl t h rou gh Jull c : 0 , l 94 1, is furni sh ed in Table : 3. P a rks nnd ph,vg ro unds
h .n·e !we n popular project i11 all s tates; nearl y
8.000 p ,nks n.nd mo re than 12.000 pla,\rg rouncl
,q,re \'O ns tnr c ted o r improv ed during lht• s ix.'Tcn r pl'riod . lt i clifhc ult, to s umm :-trize th e
it em s of :1.ccompli shm cn t ·o nn ccted 11·it h p:1rk
n.n cl plny ~rouncl clL•Yc lopm cn t, but mu ch work
:dong s udi lines n tree an I shr ub plantin g, seeding and sodding, p lacem e n t of pla.vg rouncl
l'Cjllipm e nt . and eon tr uc tion of o u td oo r fir place is pl'rform ecl in t be o pe rat ion o f th ese
projl'el
The bu il din gs, ro:1 d s . s id ewal k , Dnd
other fo eilities eo ns truct cl o r imp roved in connec tion 11·ith the develo pme nt of parks ar e
included in the respecti,·e totals for th ose items.

73

Municipal sw immin g p oo l for th e res id ent s of Wichita (Kan s.)

Amo ng th e n ·nt·:1l ional f:1('ilitit•s th:1t hnn•
r e ulted from 1\'PA proj ec ts :1re mon· th:rn ::?.800
n ew atW cti c fi elds a nd n enrl y 2,400 thnt h:i n>
been improv ed . Sin ce the in <'cption of t h t· progr am 2,100 n ew s tadium , g rn.nd s tand s. :tnd
bl adll'r ha ,·e been cons tru C'le<i ; oftl'n t lll'::-t'
were built at !li t• sit e o f nthll'li c field s <'UllH EC l11s AT tO NAL F .\f' ll, JT I I,;:-, (.'ox,-, ·111l< !ED
T ~ BLE 33.
OR l~t l'ROVED ON 1 HO .JE C1',-; 0 1•8H .\ ' I J:. l• BY WP ;\

f't

Ml"L\TI\ 1-~ TIIHOL"GI I Jt Nt-~ 10, HIil

,urnhn
"l'yp l' ol fa('i!tt ~

l-<t •l'l1 l1~ lrU l'·
tion or 1111 -

pr<n, lll('nt

Parks
P lay~rounds
A thlrtir field s

~. t!"19

2, hl!i

2. :i~'.!

9. 403

1. rn,:--.

U a ndba ll courts

l,fifii-.

Il orscshoe rouris

2, 1:J.1

Swimmi ng: pools
\\' ad m~ pools

7•12

I C'l' s kati □ ~ arpas

I.UM

312
fl4
214
132

St ad iums and grand st ands

2,

, . 04G

OihN

;,s;i-1
l[1 l i

1:1:i

,,

;q~,

i75

R ccr at ional hui ld1ng:!-i

.\u <l11or mms
Ovrn11as1urns

2:--.:i

23;

Go lf courses

ki trails (miles)
Ski Jumps
Bandslwlls
Outdoor lheatn•s

1 1,

rn

F ai rgrounds and rotlPo !!rounds

Tennis c·ourLs

107

I. 552
2, ,1 .,

101

3i2
I. 093

6,,58 1

,1

14
;4

114

ea rly
trudccl or im1 ron•d h_,· \r PA 1\·orkrr
blcach:i.nd
,
hnlf t ile m·,,·. ta dium , g nllld s ta11d
l' J°S aioe sm a ll s tru cL ures co n Lai11in g Sl'a.t for less
th an l ,000 per on s. About H fo u rlh of Lh em
can ncco mmodute lw t \Veen l ,000 and 2,000
person s, and t he rem ainder are co 11 si,1t-n1.bly
larger; som e of them h:1n• a se:1tin g capnl'iL_y of
mo 1"l' th an 10,000 .
F11l'i liti es for pnwti(':t ll y :1II fo rm s of ouLdoo r
n ·nc:1tio n ha v(' bee n prov idt·d t hrough V1'PA
pro j<'C'l . Tho usn11d s of ha ndh .1 11 , ho rs('sli oc,
:rn<i te nn is co urLs have !we n bui lt. H und 1w ls
of swimmin g and wndin g pools !i nn• bt'l'll con s lniclc'd , mnny of th em in sel'lio11 s of tli c (·ot m(ry ,,·li t•n • publi(' foC'ilili t·s for \nlll'r spo rt :; \\'er e
not p revio usly 111' :1ib1hle. (;o lf rnurst' , ski
jumps, ,wcl ba nd sli cll s nre :1111ong t ltt• ot ht' r
fnC'ilities tht1t h:tn' b<·e n p rovidt'd for t·o mmu 11it~· rw ·n•nt io n th ro ug l1 vVP A proj el'l s.
\YP A rt•crt·a( io11:i I k,1dcrs in coopt•r:1Lion \1·i th
lol':d ,1 ge ncit', hnn• t·o 11du cted lt-i sun•-tinw progr.1m s in both rurnl nnd urh,m cn mmunities.
] 11 mos t s(,1l e, t lu· \\' PA rc(' rt•atio11 prol:(rnm is
op<· rnl <•<i o n H s l:il <'-1\'idt• hn sis t li ro 11 gh t he
s po11 ~or:-d1ip of 11 tl<-p:1 rtr ne nt o f <·d t1<·11.tin11, puhli<' \\ 1·lf:1n·. o r o( lu•r ~tall' :lg'<' IH')'. Lt>C'n l
:tth·i~ory co mrn it(1·t•:-, t·o1111 o~t·d of i11lt•rc,:;t1·d

74

R E P ORT ON PROGRES

ciLizcn n. wrll ilS rrp rrsrnl atin•s o f (' h t1 r<·h<'S.
hospilt1 ls, labo r unio ns, an d bu i1wss g ro ups
p lay an imporl:111( pa rt in t h e prog ram. Th<'~·
ass ist in surY<•.vi ng c·ommu nity n'cTt'nlionnl
n<"ed , in , <•<· uring th r u c of aYai la b lt• rrc:rl'nl ional fn('i lili<'s, and in p laimin g progra ms and
train ing workl' r .
Un clrr t he \YPA rrc-rrat ion progrn rn. lr adrrsh ip i. provickd in a va riety of lr isur r- lim c
atlivitirs in c- lu ding rrc-re:1.l ional opp or l un il ic's
a ppropr iillr il nd inlen•s t in g to practic-:i lly all
gr ou ps i11 l,hr <·ornrnuni Ly. Th e vYPA actiYi t.irs ar c <i<-s ign l'd to uppk m cn t exis tin g loc-id
recr ea ti o n p rogrnm s or lo provid e publi c r cC'l'cation al r r v 1c-e in communit ies w lll' l'l' t he)·
prrv io usly wr n • lar king. T)7 p ical of t h t' b,cll'l', hip ac t,iv ili r . ar r t ho l' th at afford p coplr th e
opp o rtun ity o f p ar t icipatin g in mu sic , d ranrn.
and c-r a ft wo rk , and drvclopu1 g oth er c ul tura l
and b obby in ter rsts. Games an d po r ts and
o t.l1 r r k ind of p h~rs ical n'(Tl'at ion :l l'r cond u c trcl in a(·c·o rcl:rn ct• wi t h loc-a l faeili l i<'S and
cl imat ic c-ond il ion a nd wi th th e p rcfl' rcn c:cs of
local gro u ps.

Publ ic Health and Sanitation
1vlorc lw,1 llhful surrou ndings h ave h r r n llw
ob jcc tivr of m a n y o f llw pro jects ini li :il t•d h_Y
local pon or s an d operated througl, t he• " ' P.\ .
Th rsr includ pr oject r r lat ing to publi c lw:i lt li
uc h as t hr con s truction and impr o vem en t of
h ospi t a Is, sa ni tary and ton n sew er s, a nd \\·a lrr
s up p ly yslrm , a well a p ro je t th at provi d e
nwd iea l and lwalt h enic:e . R e ca rch ludit'S
on sy ph ilis, lu lH'rcu losis, a n d indu t ri al di;:;Ntsc• eondudt•d un d er l he re ca rch pr ogra m of
t.h r vVPA h nv<' 111 o m aclr con t ribu t ion u1 th e
fir lcl of pub lic hPallh .
Dirrel ly rehll<'CI lo publi c h altb h av bct'll
lhl' proj<·d . t h rough w h ich 164 new hosp ita l,-.
ancl 92 !, o pi t.1 1 acl cli l io11s h ave bee n eonsL r uc·lc•cl :ind nenrly 1,800 hav been im pron•d
or rcnoval<•cl. .i\ l ore Lh.111 three-fo ur t hs of lh e
lll'W hospit:i ls an• sma ll in s titution with a
e,lpa eily of les t han .50 bed , but a fe w· of llwm
a rr large e110ug h to acc ommodate se,·cral
ln111dn•cl pnli<•nls.
). l any of llw iwwly bui ll hospita ls were provided for c·ommunities in \\·hieh no s uc-h fnei lilie were pn·,·iously a ,·ailahlc. Among t hese

OF T HE W PA PROGRA M

is l h<· n <· " · 11111n icip al bospi Lal recen t ly compl l'l<•d fo r Wa rroad , :- Linn <• otH, a rura l town
of 1H•11 rly l.200 populatio11 , in R osra u Co un ty.
P rior to t he con tr uc tion o f l hi b uild ing t her e
''""" no m od ern p ub li c ho pi ln I in t hi p a r t of
t lw s tate. Th e b uildin g i o f m o noli t hi c conC'l'l'tl' c n [ru c t ion , fire proo f t hrough o u t, a nd
h a;:; s tea m br at, air condi t ioning , an d m odrrn
01wrati ng. X- ray, and IHborn t ory cquiprn en .
I t ('onta ins six wa rd s [l 17cl ix p ri vate room (all
ystem ), a
w it h s igirnl an d p u blic acldrrs
s ix- heel nursery, a m od ern ki tc hen , offi ces,
a nd lllll" l' ' diJ1ing room and lo unge. App rox im at ly a t hird of th e eo t of thi :3 - bed
hos pit a l wHs prov ided by t hr t own of vVa rroad ,
,,·hi c h sp o nso red th e pro jrc l.
So m e o f th e new buildin gs h ave been d esign ed
to m eet sp ec- ia l n eeds, as does th e n ew C rippled
' hildren · H om e located n ea r F lor ence, So uth
C:n oli.n a. Th e H om e ,,·t1 , esta bli b ed in 193 7
in a h ,·o-s tory resid ence in F lor ence, but only 12
children co uld be car ed fo r th c rr an d t he facilit i<•s " ·er e i.n adcqu ate. Th r new esta blishment
is located on a beau tiful six-ac re w ood cl kn oll a
sh ort d is ta n ce fro m th r t w n. It con s is t of
tlrn la rge bu ilcliJ1gs. joiJ1 ed by t1 c n tral hra tin g
which abou t 40 chi ldren
pl an t an d kit ch en ,
m a:· be cared for. Fa ciliti es fo r phys io th r rapy
and occ up at ion al th erap:· and oth er m e th od of
tn' nt m cnt a r c proYi led . Th e c fa iliti e a re
a,·a il ab le p rirna ril:· to c hildrr n wh o e paren t
a rr fi n an cia lly unabl e to p roYid e u ch care
through p riYate h ospitals. A th e I-Iomr is
till' on ly ins ti tut ion of its k in d u1 t h e s tate, th e
~t:it<' Boa rd o f H ealth , thro ugh t he C rippl ed
C hildren'.:; Comm i, s ion, p r o,·ides fun d o t h at
c-11ild n'n fro m a l I pa r ts o f th e tatc can b e
c- a rr d for at a 11omu1al cost to th e p:ircnts.

u1

Th e WP A-bui lt mu nicipal hosp ital at Wa rroad (Minn .)
se rves a la rge rural a rea

75

PROJ ECT .\ 'TI\ !TI ES
Crippl ed Children 's
Hom e neor Fl orence (S . C.) built
und e r a WP A
project an d
st aff e d lar ge ly by
WPA workers

lrdirnl mid h ra lt l1 se1-v1ec•s for p erson s " ·Jio
cou ld not othrrwise ,tfrord th em lrn.Ye been furni h eel on iVPA proj ect t hrou g l, as is tane e tn
local h eal th agcneie at m edi al and dt•Jl t,11
clinic and throu gh training and furnisl1i.J1 )2:
nonprofe , ional w orker in ward s, kitch en , nnd
other cl epartmen t of tax-support ed ho' pi ta ls
and in titution . . omctime th ey han• been
extended to area s where s uch en -ic es " ·en ' not
previ usly aYailable. Th e en-ice han' ill elud ed medical and dental trea tmmts and k s ts;
immuni zation ag;au1 . t dipbtht' rin . sc arl et frn·r.
mall pox , typhoid feYC'l" , and other disen se,- ;
and h earin g and vi, ion te. tu1 g of sel1ool cl,ildren .
One of th e cli.J1ics p eratNI " ·ith ir P .\
a i tan ce i th e Lymanliurs t ' hildren 's Clini c
in Minneapoli , :Mum . ota. Th e project is
f th e DiYision of
m1d er th e sponsorship
County B oa rd
epin
nn
II
e
th
of
ealth
Public H
c- inlize, iJ1 till•
p<'
s
dinice
Th
elfare.
W
c
of Publi
children. 111
of
ailmenL
rt
ea
h
of
treatment
ed for JH'ed>·
proYid
is
·hicl1
"
care
e
th
to
addition
n eglected .
e
b
eJ"\\·ise
oth
might
who
ch ildren
canl i:H·
u1
i.Jn-olYed
ctor'
fa
e
th
into
r e ea rch
by th e
endered
r
e
ervicble
a
lu
va
a
is
cond ition
clinic. Th e ii\'PA h as provid ed per omwl to
a , i t in thi work , such as nu rses. ord c• rl ies ,
maid , clerk , a la borat ory tec-lm ieian , :rnd
up crv i ory empl o>' ee ' . In :1dcl iti011. th e c-li11i<'
buildu1 g and th e g roLulCl :- ,tround it h an• l>t·e11
improY ecl by v\' P \ work ers .
Duri.n g t he pa s t >' ear i new ln1rnm g J ro~ r:1111
for 11011profe ion ul work er:, i.J1 hospit11ls :lll<i
in , titutio11 wa con du cted ns a part of tli P
WPA cldens<' ac tiYiti e . Th<' ,-cop <· of tl1i ,- pro -

~ram 1s d esc ribed i.J1 t he section of thi s repo rt
hl'ginnin g on page 29 .
] mportant ·ont rih ution s to public h enlth h aVL'
h<'<'n m ad e by th e WPA proj ec t th rou gh whi h
" ·a ter s upply and ewage di posal sy s tem s h aYe
been built or improved. Some of th ese projrc ts provided modern sanitation facilities for
comnumitie which p reviously h ad to d epend on
more primitiv meth od . Oth ers extended t he
\\·at cr or sanitation ystcms of urban communities ill which population growth h ad mad t lw
Pxis tu1 g facilitie ilrnd equate. T his kil1d of
;;ituation ha been particularly preva lent u1 ce
tltc• il1itintion of th e dcfewe program whi h res ult ed ill trem endou s population iJ1 crea e m
some centers of clcfen e u1du trial activi ty.
ln th e SL"\: y ears o f WPA activ it_ mo re th n.n
'.WO water t rentnwnl plant h ave be en bui lt or
<'nlargecl and I 50 cx is Ling plant hav<' h<•en
TA l31.E

()R

34.

P uBLl

l~I PRO \ ' EO

LI EALT H F Ac 1L 1T 1Es

Co

P ROHX'TS OPER ,\TED

ON

· ,;T R CTEDBY \ V PJ\

('t' ) l l"I. .-\Tl\"1-:; T II HOL'n ll J U XE 30, l!}-11

I

:'.\('\\

l fnll of mcas urm1 cn1

IRecoo~tr11c-

ro,~~~111r- i

: r~': :~
lllC'nt

11 o~ pitals
\\'nt C'r treatment pl ants

\\'a tn lmt.•s

~(' \\ age trratmt'nt plant s
~ (' W (' r

lin t.ls.

l'umpio ~ stations
n arh aJ!L' incinerat ors

;\ l osqun o rontrol drai11 ·
ag:P
~ an1tnr ~ priYW!-\hnnrlout.'d rnin l'St'Alinl.!

A

"Jumher
'\Jurnber

\Irks
~um her
:\f11<•s
,umht.'r
"7\'umlwr

~I il cs

or dit ch, canal.

n11d p1p1.l
'\um her

"urulwr
..;rnlt•U.

or

Inrludts oclcl11ions to l',i sllll V ra('1ltti c.s.

' 2f>tl
'213
14. 225
'~I',
21.643
' I, 09,
' 102

11, 1>12

~. ~:Ill, IMMl
opt.•nm g:-

I

l, i~

152
3, lti9
3i9
3. 365
3tl'J
54
IS, 636
33, 238

76

REPOHT 0~ PRo<:RE:S,.; OV THE 11· r .1 P ROGRAM

lTll OYnted . B<· rl in. Kc" · H ampsli in·. i;; o ,w of
tl 1<' citie;; in wh ich th e co11;:;lruclio 11 of ,1 1n1tt' r
tn· nlm t'n l plant th ro ug h a 'IYPA pro ject m ack
s ui tnhk fo r hu m,rn co n;; umpti o n w ale r t hat
w as pre1·io u. l_Y c nsiden'd u11 s,1 ft' . Th <' cit~had ex pt' ri ment ed Lm s ucc<·ss fu lly wi th Y:lri o us
clrnin age :rnd s tn1in l' r m et h od s fo r seve ral _Year-s
in a n effo rt to n'rn oYe th e Lti glt c-o lor a nd t urbidi Ly of its ,rnt c r , ra ust'd h)- t h <' s11·,1mpi11 ess
o f t he la nd n ear t he sou r ce o f s upp ly. Th e ll L'11·
fil tration plan t, b u ilt at a n elt'Ya ti on of a b u t
300 ft'et fl hOYe th e c ity , is d es ig ned to climin atP
a ll sedim en t a nd to sup pl y wa t e r by g nn· ity to
t lw higl1(•, t pa rt s f th e c it)· . I t is composed
of <' igl1 t cork-in ul atcd stee l tanks, 11·ith :1 combi n ed capa c ity o f som e .5-l ,000 ga ll o ns. T h ese
ta n ks can filt er nea rly 2.200,000 g a llo ns of
wak r eY<'r)· 24 h ours
In som e communiti t'S t h e qu a lit_v o f th e
wn! e r suppl)- h as been goo d , h ut t he cli -lributi o n sys tem w as in a d equ a t e. T he. co ns truct io n
o f m or e th an 14 ,000 miles o f 1w \\· a qu educts,
w a l t'r m a in s. and d is tribu tio n lin es and th e
impr ovem en t of , om e 3, 000 mil es of ex istin g
wnt N lin es ba n' m atcr i:1 11 )- increased th e
nv a ila hi lil y of th e w a t e r supp ly in man y - ucb
co m mu n i li es.
VV all' r for R om a, T (•xns. n to 1n1 o f a bout
l ,400 po pul atio n , wed lo lw drn11·n b~· lt irn l

from l lH· H. io G ra nd e Rive r nnd h a ul ed in ba rrels
to t lt e n·s id l' n ls. The Ri o G ra nd e is till th e
'-0tt rcc o f lh t' to wn 's waLe r , bu t iL is m a d ,
an1,il .1 hk lo t h e resid en t by :1 omp leLe m od ern
plan t ll"ith int a ke, purifi cation , a nd distrihut io n fac ili t iPs, buil t thrnugh a W P.A proj e L.
Storage f:1ci liti es for wat er bave bee n xpau d l'd t h ro ug h t h e con tru c ti o n o f a bo u t 2, 700
.;;torng-e ta nk-; a nd rese r vo irs a nd th e imp rov enw n t o f 660 o th e rs. In a dditi on to providing
:1 la r~l'r .:;u p ply o f w a t r fo r hum an u~e, thi
wo rk lws b<'< ·n a n impor ta n t facto r in fire p rotecti on in o ull:· ing commu ni ti e , ns h a a l o
t l1 l' 1w11· cnn :-t ru ctio n . enla rgem en t, o r n ·n o,·a Lio n o f ,1, bo u t 1,400 pumpi ng t:1 t io n , m a ny
o f ll"lti clt 11·e n· fo r us in conn ec tion with wa ter.:; uppl)· s)·.:;tem s.
O n <' of th e \\' PA r servoir proJccts und er
way .1t t h e l' IH I of th e 194 1 fi scal ye a r will permi t t h(' .:; torag<' of 4 ,GOO ac re-fret o f w ate r for
G r t'e ky . Co lo rad o, and other conui1u11i t ies
nea rh:·· T h e proj ect w ork includ es th e const ru ct io n o f 11 n ear th-fi ll cl am 400 feet lon g an d
90 fcl'l hig h , o n t h e no r th fo rk of th e Cach e la
Pou d re R in r . a nd of a 325-foot dive rsion
t ulll w l. T he t unn el. dri ll ed th rou g h ' olicl
roc k. is lw in g used to cl in •r t w ate r from th e
.;;t n',1 n1 hed durin g th e con s t r uction o f th e d am.
C po n t he co mpl etio n o f th e ea r tl wn h:nri e r ,

Su nb ury (O hio) sewa ge d is p osal p la nt sho w1n 9 filt e r b e d s a nd treatm e nt p lant

PR JE T

t he lunncl will b e u;:;rd a;:; an ou Ll rt to c·a rT_\.
wnl<'r from th e l'l' e1Yo ir into Lh e Gredl':V c iLy
di t ributi on S_\' Stem.
Inadequate t rcaLmen t of sc wag <' not 0 11I _Y
create a eriou h ealth problem but o[ll'n pn'v enls th e u e of s treams nnd lak es [or r , r<':1 tio 1rn l pu rpose . Ln o rd e r lo relic,· ' s uch c· ondition , loca l commu11ilil';:; ha n s ponso rl'd LlH ·
new con s t ru lion o r en largl'm e n l of more Lhnn
00 treatment plant and Lh e imp1·0,·em c11l nf
n earl y 400 oth l'r, .
A, tlw re u lt of a rec en tly completed scw.1ge
di po :1] project , unbury. O hio. a lown o f
about 900 population , now h a for Llw first
time a mod ern cwerage y tern . T h e ll<'" .
ystem i1woh ·ed t be in t:1.ll :1tion of five a nd a
half mil es of se\\·cr li11es a nd the con trucLion
of a dispo al plant, including a pump hou se,
an Imh off se ltling ta nk , two small slud ge bed s.
and fom sa nd filter be I . Th e plant can
h andle 75,000 gallon s of ewage d i ily and is
cl ign ccl so th at the only power required for
its operation i an electric pump which raises
t h e cwage in to th e Imh off tank , from which
point it flow s b? gra,·ity.
Th e size of the unbury plant is typ ical of
t h e plan ts cons tructed by th e WPA .
Tl'arly
h alf (4 percent ) of th e ne 11· e,1·age treatment
plants hui lt since th e bcg innin()' of t be p rogram
haw had capacitie of less than 100 ,000 gallons
· p er clay and 39 pcrc en t can b an Il e from l 00 .000
to 500 ,000 gallons. Al t h ough mo t of the
plant h an b een relatively small. 20 plants
h aving Cflpacities of over 2 ,500 ,000 ga llon s pe r
day have b een built through ·w PA projects.
J\J uch of the 1VPA work in conn ect ion with
ewage di posa l y stcn, s ha s been the exten s ion
of unitary facilitie to additional use rs. Project op rn tion have r es ul ted in the con s lru('Lion
of nearly 22 ,000 mil es of new sanitary and
torn1 ewer s and th e improv ement of about
3,400 miles of sew er line . Nc,1· senice co nn ec t ion numb er ed n early 540,000 . In rural
:1I'ea wh er e t h e in s tall ation of se11·en gc s_vs tems
,,·a not fca ible, more than 2,240,000 . anitary
pnv1e were built.
v en sou t hern
tateaccounLecl for over h alf of th e total numlwr of
an itary privi e bu il t throu g h \VP .A proj ec ts.
lalaria con trol through the dra in age of lowland and t h e prayu1g of oi l and inse('ticidl' on
mar h e and pond to destroy t h e breedino-

77

,\ TT\Trm.

A few of th e many recipien ts of ho t sc hool lunch es served
th roug h WP A project s

p lnces of d isea se-carryin g mo quiLos is anotl1 l' r
ht'al th activ ity in 11·bich the \YP~\. has assis ted.
In t he opinion of health author iLie these contro ls hav e contributed gr caLly to the r educt ion
of t h<' prcad of malaria. Dmi1w the pa t year
s uch proj ects h ave been operaLcd n ea r a rmy
·amp - to reduc e th e menac e of the disease to
troop con centn1 tions.
B e tter h ea lth conditions arc also the obj ec t ive of \\'PA mine c.1 ling proj ec Ls. During
Lhe s ix years ending with June 1941 more t han
21 .000 openin gs of alrnn loned mines, mo t of
,v bich wt•re lo cated in th t· Ohio Ri ver Basin.
were scaled by proj ect workers . Min e se11ling
gr eatly redu c t h e ulflll'i acid pollution of
str ea ms and thus cut th e co t of purification
necessary to make their ,rn te rs fit for hum,rn
cons umpt ion. In add ition to this lw nl'fi t, fis h
loss<'S and losses throu g-11 ('Orrosion of dams,
Jocks. and s teel boats are diminished .

Welfare
1Y P.\. work m th e field of wclfarl' includ1 •,- a
n1ridy o f acli1·itics ran g i_n g from lhe scni11 g of
sc hool lund1 l's to pn,1·is ion of assislnnc:, lor
lll'l'd_Y families by h ousekeeping aides.
This
g roup of projl'c ts h as n ot on ly expanded t he
11·dfare sc tTice - an1i labk in commun ities nll
on'r th e ountry, but also h a provided jobs
for ,l large -hare o f the 1, ome11 clicr ibl e for c mploynwn t under th e 1YPA program.
_\. 11 imporl:lnt part of thl' w elfare acLiYi Lie -,
parliC"ul:irly durin g tlw pas l _\' l" ,ll' , b 11s bee n llw
'C' hool lunC'h procrrnm d esig ned lo improYe the
7

78

REPORT OK PROGRE

OF

THE WPA PROGRAM

CHART 12

LUNCHES SERVED ON WPA SCHOOL LUNCH PROJECTS
Year Ending June 30, 1941

...

....

...
....
....
....

....
...
.......
.......
.......
.....
....... .
........
........

.....

•••• o• ••

•

Rc- p,.eser, l s

5 00000 lun c hes

T o t :il s h ;ovr: bee ,.,

r o unde d

, I a 10 1a t , o,mds l o
n o sy mbol is

10

less

tt-ie

nea~es t hall

un,t :

th a n h a ll a un it ,

s ho w n .

h alth of chool chil Ir n by proYiding th em
with m 1tnt10us wcll-halance<l h ot lun lw .
Sch ool officials report th at thi crvicc result,
in b ttcr grndes, better sch ool atLen cl ancc , and
better attitudes on th e part of th e children a
well a better hr>altb . The increased local
intere tin this typ of activi ty is indicated by
th e fact thnt 27 1,500,000 lun ch were erved
during t,hc 1940-41 sch ool y ear a compared
with 148, 100,000 in th preceding chool year.
Durin g on e quarter of the past y ear, about
22 ,000 clifl'Prcnt schoo ls located in three-fo ur ths
of th e counties in th e Nation particip ated u1
the chool lunch program.
Cannin g and the pre eJTin g of fo cl are don <'
on many 1\' PA project . The food is obtain ed
from 1¥ PA ga rd enin g proj ects, from th e urplu s
:\l arketing Adminis tration, an I from loca l
sponso rs . .:.lu ch of th e food preseffing ha been
under taken m conjunetion with the school
lunch program . A significant part of the work,
hmn'ver, is clon e for public ins ti tu tions , as in

Colorado wher e more th an 67,000 gallon of
fruits and vegetable were cann<'cl during th e
y ear ending June 30, 1941 by a WPA canning
proj ect for the State Hospital at Pueblo . M os t
of t he Yegetable cairned wer e produced in the
ho pital's gardens, but som e were bought by
T A BLE 35 . -A cc oitPLI SIHI E N T S ON SELECT ED TYPE S OF
VVELFA RE PROJE CT S OPEHN l'ED OY WPA
\t' M l" L ATl n •: TEI HOCG B J L' X E

:m, 19-n
l\' um her

Vis its made by housekee ping: aid rs

Lu nches ser ved Lo school ch ild ren
Food preserved:
Quarts canned
Pound s d ried

Art icle~ prod uced in sewing ro ms _______________________

26. 515. 00
765, 153, 000
60, 2,;5, 000
6. 218, 000

437,327,000

Gfl r meo t~

342, 009, 000

Men's

67,71 8,000
77, 226, 000
59, 23i. 000
69, 548, 000
41,568,000
2f,, i 12, 000

\\'ome n •._

Boys'
Girl s'
In ran t~·
D iapers
Other artirl es ________ ____ __ __ __ ___ ____ ______________ _

9.,. 3 1 , 000

79

PROJ ~;C' r ., CTl\'lTIE

tJw ho, piL11 l from ol rado farm('!\. 011 a ll
cann ing and p n•sp1Ti11 g pr j('(·ts durin g th !' pu st
ix _yenrs mo re th 11 11 60,25 ,000 qun rts o f foodt uff han bee n ca nn ed an<l 1warl y G,:220 ,000
po unds hnv e been dried . Th e \YP J111s a l o
furni hed empl oym en t to c rtir, ed wo rkr rs on
project. fo r t he di s tribu tion of urpl us co mmodi t ie mad t' ava ila blr I y t he Surplu :\l arkr tin g .\ dmi11i tn1ti on.
::'ll any g:1rm r n L a nd oth r a rticlrs for di stribut ion to n rely fa milie - and pub lic ins tituti ons
havr bee n prod uerd on \YP A l'Win ~-room project operau,d in a ll tate. . 1 Ion· than :342 ,000 , 00 gtHm e11t for m en , wom e n, <1 nd chilcl.ren and a bout 9,5,:rno,ooo ot her nrt i '. les s uch
a b eet , pil l we-a. <,~, to"·r l , nn d ol h l' r ho usehold aoo d had ber n produ tc <l by Lill' l'JHI of
Jun

194 1.

alu a blc . en ·icc•. lmn• a lso bt•en PXtt•JHl<•d
to n er dy famili e by WPA housr ket•pi1 1g ni<k
,vb go Lo their assi lance wh en t he reg ul ar
hom em a ker h:1 s be c'n in c- apncit a ted or wli en
ome o th er enw rge nty exis t . ~lo re th an
26,500 ,000 ,· i. it were made by hot1-ekee pin g
aid e during Llw cn l in' peri od <' nding with ,Jun e
1941. Th e c nid (• , in rend erin g rwed!'d emero-en cy n,s is l,lJl (·e, introduce into Llw hom ps of
th needy li d tc•r nw th ods and hig he r s tnnd:1rds
of h ealth 1111d l1otL ekec ping e(li cie11cy th a t will
b e of pt• rm11n t•n t ,·alue.
Conservation of Natural Resources

\\.P A proj ec-l s di rectl'd t ,n1,rd Lhl' eon en ation f na t uni I re our ·e uch as soil. wa ter ,
fore t , fi . h, ,uid gnm c h aYe pln yl'd ,lll importan t pa rt, in th (' n aL ion al conse rv:1tion prognu n
during th e pl' ri od tbn t th e WPA li ns i><•e n in
op prat ion . Th e work i gl'n eni ll y und Prtnkl'n
"·ith I ng-rn nge ohj edin. and t ill' item. of
phy iC'a l nc· ·orn plis hnw n t tlint nre n.n1i lab lt•
OJW of t lw :w t rnl1 ('s
' en ·e t in di c- nl(• th l'
rat h er tha n to nwa un· t hl' ir ('Onl rihulion.
.\Iu c- h of th(' wo rk i int l'nd l'd lo n•clu (· t• th e
los of -oil tl, rou g h th e cl cs lnr ·Lin :1c-Lion of
wnte r or wind . Th r it m of ac-c·omp lis hnwnL
t lrnt 1111V<' thi s ohj t•din in clud e t il l' c-ons tr uc-t io n or imprOYPm t•n t , du ri ng t h!' , ix y<•:ns l'n ding "·it h .Jun <' 194 1. o f l. 00 mi l<•s of len(•s and
embn n km (•n L , l , 00 mil e of rC'l nining w:1 11.
,rnd n•,·C'(m pnl s. nnd S(' V('r:ll h1111dn,d mil <•;; of

36

T ABLE

,1 10
P no.1 ~;c--rs

Co~,-.EH \

A c-·11, 1·111,,-. o

l l ~11 I .\Tl\ t

F1,ooo
AXD
OPEil , ., ED n,

TIIH:01 t.JJ

C'o, 11w1
" ' P /\

fl SE 30, WI)

Rl·<·1,uItem

~t'\\,

I ntl nf UH'HSUrement

Fish ha tclwril'S

i\umlw1

F'irehr('a k s

:-1 th•s

Fire and forrst trail s

\I ,1.,,

Reforest.at ion

Trt '('S

Oyste rs planted

Bu slw ls

Leq~es and embankment!'-

HetaiDtn J! wall s and
re,l'lm nb

I

t rcam -hed

G.

129 1

5, ii5

pl anted

I

:,;. fr ll('linn
or
1mpro\'rmp11 L

149

i9<J

I, 74'

117. 027, (1()(1

, (lfl'l. INK)

~1 1les

S2.~

:-1,res

I , t~ fi

I\ l tlPs

I, 023
12!•

4.22:l

im JlrO\('•

ID(•Jlt

lrrign lion syste ms
A

11011

" 2fi8

_

RiYerhnnk nnd shorP

impron~mrat

eonstru <•·

J\11k s

.

_

J\l ilP~orpipeand flume

7,907

I. 420

4, 844

Inclu des odd 1t 1ons to t'\I Slmg rac1 la lies.

jet ti es :111d lirl'nk wnt<·rs ,lll cl of ln1lklH':tds. Th P
im proY<'lll ('ll l of I 2 .000 m ik of ;; t rc• ,tm hl'd a nd
river ban k :rn d t lw rip rapping of m ore t han
15,0 0,000 q u:1n· y a rd of su rf. C' C t• rT e a
Tlw re ·lumation of oi l
s imilnr pu rpo l '.
througl, irri gnt ion c:an:1 1 an d t he pl nc-em en t
or impron•nw n t of fl um e a nd pipe ha al o
be n aceom pli. lH'd on WPA proj<•ct , prin cip all y
in Lh e for W c•, t. In addi tion , m,rn y of Lh t> cl nms
buiJ t for wn l(' r . Lorn,ge or fl ood control pu rpo es
or to crr al <· :1.rtifi c- ia l lnkes for r rcr ra ti n al U SL' ,
:11 o co n lribut l' town.rd th e c n ser vat icrn of s ii
an I wat er.
iY PA " -ork d in •c·ted to,rn rd thl' con c•1Tation o f for<'. L has al o been ext en ive. \\' it h
thi. ob jedin• mi ll ion of tn•e have been
pla n tcd in pu bl ic-ly own ed fon•sL t hrou g hout
th e N a t ion . Jn nil , m ore t ha n 147 ,000 ,000
trees havp b('l' ll p lnn Led . Fo res t protedio11
\\·or k h a i11dud c•d t l, e cons Lr uctio n or imp ron•m r nL o f 6,900 mill's of firebreaks, 7,.500 m ill's of
fi re an d for!' I tra il s, and man_y ot her fa c·i litit•,
u ed in fon•s l p rot ('c ti on, uch fl fort•;; ( rn ngl'r
statio n and fin • look-out t wt• rs. Ot lwr protee ti n• work for t h<• pn•se1T ati on of for!'sls ,rnd
crop ha irw lud Pd suC' h ac ti,·iti l's :1s sp rl',lding
poi ons for g rn ssho pp <· r ,lll l cri <" kl'l co ntrol ,
pre vl'nti on of plant irnd tret• di sl'as1•, , nnd
de trudion of noxiou wc<·d ..
Prol('<·t ion ,l nd p rop:1 ga tion of gnm c' 11 nd fi s h
r r pn•s1•nt n c·o11 sid l' nl hl c• part of t lw g<' n!' ril l
C'0ll st• 1T:1t ion proi£ 1"1lll1 0 11 whieh \\' P,\ " ll rk1•rs
hav <• h1•1·11 <·mploy (•d . Th rou1;h t hPi r " o rk , 11
t ta] of ll bo ut '. ? 70 fi sh Im telH•ri1 •,- h11, 1• 1>1·1·11

80

REPOR'I

O.'\

PROGRESS

11<•" ·ly eo nst rn C't <•d or 1·11l11rg1•d ,1 11d I ,iO ot li('I'
han• h<'t' II 1mprov1•d . 011 thl' .\ tln 11tiC' and
Gulf Coasts 11t•a rly ' , I 00,000 bush Pis of oy ster
ha n• bt•t•n plnntl'd in d<'plt•tl'd 0_\' Rt<·r h t'd s. ln
other st•<·lions of the cou ntry a gn•:ll d <•a l of
\\·ork has hPell done to i11n1·as1· t il t• n11mbl'r o f
g am e bird ::1 11d <1t1imal s by t lw dt •\·doprnenL f
bird nnd g11111 e farm s ,rnd throu g h L11 t' co nst rud ion 1111d plac·1•nw 11 t of he! ter houses ,
ft•t•d i ng st :1 t ion s , and ot lwr d P\-iL"<'S i II gam e
refuge -.
The o bj t•d in·s o f 1·on;;1• rnllio11 h:1n• hl'l' ll
furtlH'red by man:· o thPr ,H"t i\· iti1•s of t h e
,rPA . lneid t• ntal wo rk r<'lated to park projects or to road co n truction (a - , for example,
road idt• drai11c1 gr, tree planting, and s imilar
work) IH'lp to c-onse 1-v1• so il , watn , 1111 d oth e r
natu ral rt•sou 1Te .
In tlw ffrld of eo11 · t• 1Tatio11 rl'St':Hd1 , t h r
,rPA hac lwlp t· d st ate unin•rs iti(•S 1: nd C'O llegl'S
to co nduC't a \·aril'ty o f st udit•s . Frcl' oil
testing don e \\·ith \\"PA assist:rn<·t• in om
tale h:1 - t• nabl ed fa rm er- to t11kl' tlw t cp s
1wce - ary to repleni sh so il d etiC' ienC'i e . R cea rch in fi s h propag ation ha s assisted consc1Tatio11 c-ommissions i11 fi11din g mort• e fl itient
ways of - toC'king lak <·s and s tre:1m s . Other
Luclit• , aimed ::it determining Lh c ffletors :1cLive
in ck tro:7ing certain wild anima l life•, bave
!wiped to d (' \·t•lop pn•\·1•11 ti \"t• ad ion for t h e
prl' erTation of th ese <; pccics .

Other Accomplishm e nts
Th t' s ix genl' l":ll fil'lds a lrl':Hl_v nwntiont•d , in
which tlw \\' PA lws n ·sislt'd loc-:ll communitie
in nwl'li11 g both t lH•i r 11orm:1l and t lwir cldl'HSl'
nrNls thrm1 g lt ll1 e ernp lo_v m en t o f e ligih !P unt'mplo_v<' d workers, m:1 kt• up a e1msi d en1 bk
sh:1 rl' of llH· " ' PA program . Th e n l't•d s of ind i,·idu:1] c·ommtmitil'S nl ,y g n •n tly . hO\\"l'H' r.
:111< l it is prn c-tic-n lly impossible • to i11('lud l' 1111
tlw importnnt phase - of t l1t• prog ram under a
few gl'Hl'rn l C'nlt•gori Ps. For 1•x,1mpl e. t lt l' \\·ork
accomplislwd 011 the :{8 ..iOO Pdu('ationnl huilcli.ngs, 14 ,000 n•cr,•:1tional huildu1g;;, nnd t lw
2,000 hnspit :1 ls tha t i dt•scrilwd on tlw pn'cl'ding pag-es 11c·c-ou11ts for s<·:1n-l'l:· nHlJT tl11l!l half
of tlw totnl number of public buildings const ruc-tl'd or improYPd h:· \ r P.\ \\·orkt•rs. Th e
ot her 56 ,000 buildings indudl' n vnril'ly of un-

F '!'HE WPA PRO GRA M

port,mt s tnl('tt1n• s. .:-\m ong t hem are more
th,111 700 nrmori e;; , 2.400 fin•hou ses ..).(i00 offic-e
and aclmu1istrati,· builclu1 g . -l ,200 g,1rage .
:1.ncl onw 700 building at penal ins titution .
Th l' man:' ot hl'r buildin g co ns tr·u ctt•d or impron•d throu gh \YPA projl'ets ,·ary in -ize and
t' ITl' many pu rpo cs.
A new lrnildi11g con true-led by \Y P.\ workl'rs for the Stale' D epnrLmcnt o f .\ n :hin• and
Hi, tory in :. lontgom ery, Alabama. i an example of thest' tru tun' . The depnrLment
\\·a form e rly hou eel iJ1 liJnit Pd pace m one
\\·u1 g of t he C:ipitol Builclu1g, but it i now oc cup:· ing a IH' \\. buildin g of it om1 that proYicle
adt•quate o fl-ic-l' spa ce' and compkt,, di play and
s t o rngC' fo c- ilitit•' for hou u1 g all n·cord maintairn•d b. Lit <· dl'partmcnt. Th e huildu1g is
de· ign ecl to h,nmonize ::irch itecturail :7 with the
tMe Capitol and \\'ith the new hig hway ell•partrnent buildin g al o con s tnictecl h:· tlw WPA.
perat ed
Accompli hrn ent on many proj <•c t
by tb e TI'PA c·:1m1ot be rnt•asurwl u1 phys ical
te•rm s. Thi s is particubrly trm' of the r r ~ea rch
proj ett t hat hnn• b en m entioned pn•, iou lr
an.cl many oth P1"' -u c h a hou u1g , traffic , and
enginee ring surveys; stuclie - in co ts o f liYing,
cmp lo:rnwnl nnd un<'mp loynwnt , pub lic fi.nnnc·e,
J ureh a s i11 g, Ln,xnlion , education, and n•creation; hi torical s tudie ; pl'rsonnel lt1die ; and
property iJ1n·ntories. 1 Throu gh rec-o rd projec t , information on poliee ,rnd fire dc•1x1.rtment
acti\· itit• , land holding and trnn s fl' 1"', and
Ya1·ious othn ncb11u1i tratin• mlltll•rs ha - been
arr:mg<•d in con,·(•nil'nt form -o th at it 11111)' be
u ed rea dil:· u1 th e daily operntion - of local
go,·t•nrnwnL. Th e ,\-o rk clon e on Yitt1I s tati s tics 1w·o rds hy th e 'iYPA proYed p,1rtieularly
vahiah le wht•n l,1rge nun1 1Jl' r of pe rson s we•re
r e 1uired to furni sh proof of c iti z,•nship and age
for emplO)' ll H' ll l i11 ddt·nsl' indu st rie or for
other actiYitit•s under th e cldPn e prog ram.
lt is aLo cliflinilt to nwasun' t lw c·ulturnl
contribution s tltnl h:1\·e been mn<le by tlw art
and mu s ic- project ,\·hi c h \1·ere estah li h e•tl to
bru1 g tlw work of great eompo -e rs 11nd an appn·c ia.tion of :nt to million s o f peopl<· . During
tlw m onth of ,\ pril 194 1, ,1 tot:d of about 6.200
0

ludu_ of Research
1 \ lis t of rrsra,rrh projre t reports may b fou nd in the _
" ·ork Projc•rts ,l dministrot1on. Vol I.
Project,, (\\" as hm gton . I) ('
193, ; , ·0 1 11 , 193H, in cn llahorntion with X ati onal Ht •SO lJrC('S Committee
a n<I ~l a te Planning \ g,•nr u•s: a nd Y ol. Ill. 19391n n<I rn th e H, hi,ography
of Rt.'ru.n rrh Prnjef/1; ( \\ ash in,e: too, D . . : \\·ork Projl'Cts \ dmrnistrntion .
:{os. 1--l. 194U a nd C-:o. 5, 1941 ).

PRO.J ~(" L' AC'l'l \ T J'I E8

mu icaJ pt' r fornrnncrs " ·c'n' gi ,·c'n b)· 1m<'111 ploy<'d mu s ician s on \YI'.\ pl'Oj eds to an nggn·o-ate audience oJ about 2,800,000 1wr on , . B c·id rs th e pu bli pnfornrnn cP by ordH'si r:1,s,
band , and c horu ses, th e ,·,Hit>d projc'c ( acliYitie i.ndud<' th e d en,Joprn Pn l and organization
of conrnnmii)' mu s ic ad iYit ies .
ncl e r th e a r t prog rnm , lho11stu1d s oJ t'nsc ·l
pai.ntino- , mural , prints, and wo rk " of sn dp t ure b av been executt'd nncl many art object s
bav c been nu 1d<' for sch oo l , lib ra ric , and ot lH'r
pub lic building . ln ftddi tion , hunclr ' cls of
lrawi.ng for th e lndc' x o f Anwri <·n 11 D<' ign
ha,·e b een m a d e by pro ject workt' r s, ommu nity art C<'ntrr ba , ·e been c·stnb li lH•d, nn I pxhihition o J fin e art ,md h:rndi c rnf ts ba ve bl'c' n
circula te d to publi c u1 t itutinn. a nd art g alleries in m any sPction oJ th e country.
On writer s' proj ects hunclrl'd s of books,
pamp hlets, a r ticles, a nd lc•td lets d ea ling " ·itb
vari ou a p ects of li fe in t he U ni te d Stale
have been complcl Pd. Thi s g ro up o f pub licatio n inc lud es g uid es fo r mos t of tlw s tates a nd
for Al aska, H awa ii , and Pu ert o Rico unde r t he
• rncri can Guide se ri es a nd a lso m a ny volum es
on cit ic and counti c·s . Pub li c respon e to
th ee work h a s bee n fa,·o rablc a nd la rge numb er of copies h ad bee n d i Lribu tcd by t h e encl
of June J 941 . In addition , .1 <'o ll c•tt io n of rc'a rcb data valuable lo s tudent o f t h e America u
e ne li a bet'n a cc umulall'J .
Project Procedures

Thl' g reat ,·a ri d y o f proj ('ct accomplis hme nt
that h a I ecn d esc rib ed i11 th e preeeding pages
re li <.•c l lifkrrnces in com mun i ly n eed s fo r im prov cmrn ts a nd ser v ices, difft' n ' nrcs in t he
ki lls o f t h e elig ib ll' ui w mploy,,d work er aniilab le locally, and diffen·n tt'S in t he finan C'ia l
ahi li t)· o f sp onsors lo prtn-id P fund f r non 1::thor proj ec t cos t . Furth erm or e, du ring t l1 e
l 94 1 fi ca l yea r t he requi rement o f t he na t io na I cl frn se prog ram h ave been an imp o r hu1t
facto r in th e cl t' t c rm inalion of t li e kinds of
pro ject to be und er take n a nd , u ltimate ly , o f
t he kind of accornpJi s hnwnt s r eco rd ed. T o
p r ov ide c hannels tl1rou g h whic h t hese vn riou
r equi rem ent mig h t find expr1 •ss io 11 in th e form
o f proj e<'l ad uall)· opemted under t he \YPA
prog ram , cl 'La ilecl proced url' han' been d '-

Yc>lo pc'd . T IH'Sc' arc' 011t li1wd brief ly in Uw
pnn1 g rnp hs t li ,ll fo li o\, .
\\' P.A proj c·c·ts nn · s p o 11 so n·d h_\· publi c ag<'llcic' ha Yirw a uthority lc-gttll y to undc •r lakr t he
n ·sponsibi li tic•,.; t h nt s po nso rs h ip <' ntnil . ~l ost
projc>l'l s ponsors Hn' loca l o r late age nC'i es,
alt h ou g h qomc> ,ll'l' agt' nc ic' o f t h e Federal
Go\'l' l'IU1ll'nl , s ue li tl S t he \Ya r a nd Tavy D rp.utments ,tnd t he Cn itcd States l ubli c H ealth
:-il'ni <·c• . .-\ lnrgT numl H' r o f projects Urn t wer e
po nso rcd b_v loca l agc• n rics have bern Ct'l'Lifi ecl
h_v t he Se ·1-e la ry o r \\"a r or th e rc r cLa ry o f t he
~ l.lY_\· a impo r t ant for mili ta ry or n aval purposes. ,\.l a n_y projec t fo r Lh e deve lo pm en t of
C' ivil a irport , fo r examp le, a r e s pon on'cl by a
loca l publi c ave n ·y a nd ce rtifi l,d by t lP Secretary o f W a r .
S p o nso r a re rt' <[ltin·d to ass um e a n iffcragc
of OJl L'-fo ur t h o f t he tota l ost of proj ects in
each qtate, ex(' e pt for ce r t ifi ed d e fens e proj ect
which m ay be ex em p ted fr om t his r equirem ent.
T his do es not m ea n t ha t t·ac h s po nso r is rcquirl'd to ass um e o ne-fourt h or t li e total co t of
t lw proj ec t he propost's, but rntlwr t hat th e
spon so rs in each "tatc, takt' n as a w ho le, mu st
bear Olll' - fo u r ib of Lh c total co t of a II nonF ecl e ral p rojects u ncl ert a k1 ·n in t he tatc , exclu ive o f ce r Lifi ecl deft• n e p roj ects. Such a
pro\·is ion is t'sse ntial in o rd er t hat s tate may
cop e with u nemplo_\·rn c' nt p ro bl em in a rea
"'h er e sp o nsor Hl'L' finnn c ia lly unnbll' to m eet
as rnu c li as a fo urth of t h l' total cos ts. In
act u a l pe ra lion , t he spon so r ge ne ra lly pro,· id< •" m s t o f t lw matl'ri a ls a nd s uppli <'S t hat
a re uti lizl' d o n a projl'd and l hl' F l' d e ral G o vernm ent pays t l1 1• \l'agl's o f tl1 e c• lig ibl c' un emp loyed w ho l'l'ce in• employm ent t hrou g h t h e
prnj Pet. Th c> F Pt! e ral Gon'nun en i is r est ri cted
to ci n 11 n' l'llgt· exp e nd it 11 re o f ;·5 per m o nth p e r
,,·o rker for o th er t lHln labor cos t , ag ain with
t he ex<·c' pli on o f ce rtifi ed clden st' projt·et .
Th c· Commi s io1H' r of \\'o rk Projc'c ls, howeYc r ,
is empowc• n'd to mi sc Llw aYe ra gc to a s much
;i s .'7 if ri s in g pri ce,.; o f nrnt cr ials ju s tify it.
P roposals for projecL,; ll1nt spon sor s ,\·ish to
inililll <• an' -- uhmi ttt,cJ to th , s lat e \\'PA o ffi ces,
nccomp:rni ed by d etniled p lnn s . ,.;peC'i fi catio n s,
cost e,.; iimates, s tateme n ts con, rin g th e r ' nso n,
for th e pro,.;ce uli on of th e J ro.i t'CL, ,111d o llwr
related i11forn1ation . Th e,.;e proj cr l propos11L
,ll'l' n'Yi '" ed in t he \Y PA st 11 ll' o fl itcs, which

82

REPOR T OK PP. OG RE

ut,ili zc Lhc trehni ca.J adYicc of . tat,e agcn cic
such as board s of h cal Lh , welfare, and ed11 cat ion a.nd h iglrn·ay commi ssions.
After accep ta nce of projt·cts in th e stat,c
offic • they arc su bm itt ed to the F cdern l W PA
ill W ashing ton for fi nal review. P roposa ls fo r
certa in Lypc of project, are subj ec t to revi ew
by other F ed eral agencie concern ed with th (•
respl•ctivc fi el ds of activity . For example , th l'
Public Roads Admi nis trati on , C'iYil Aero na ut,ics A utbori Ly , War D epa rtm en t . Na ,·y D epar tment , P ubl ic H ealth cr vice, Bureau of Bioervice
logical Survey, and Na Lion :1 l Park
review the t ech nica l aspects of th e proposed
\VPA projec t that fall in tb eil' r e pe tiv c fi eld .
Each appli cation approved by th e WPA mus t
also be approved by th e P resid en t before the
projec t becom e availa bl e fo r possibl operation.
It is not po sible to plac e in operation all th e
projects s ubmi tt l by sponsors t.h at receiv e
final approval. Th e proj l'ct s ~el ect ed must

OF T H E W P A PROGRA M

necc sarily be tl1 0 c which furni sh jobs that
uLiliz t he kills of th e un employe I wor kers
avail a bl e within a communi ty a t the time,
since th e prim ary purpo e of th e WPA p rogram
is to furni h job. to th e needy un empl oyed
th ro ugh u eful public projec ts. B eca use all
pro jects cannot be pl aced in oper ation at any
one tim e, a res rve of approved projects is
a.cc umulatecl , whi ch can b drawn from a the
need arises. Th es re rv es, con is ting of
projects th at provid e a vari ety of jobs for both
m en and wom en and for profe sional and techni cal a well as un kill ed workers, have perm itted th e ra1 id expansion of th e program wh en
an in crease in unemploym en t m ake uch action
n ecessary . Exp erience h as shown that , u h
projec ts as highway , road, and s treet project
and conser vation pr jects, on which em ploym cn L can b readily expanded or con tracted ,
are importan t t.o t.he project reser v and provide
for tLe W PA program its essen tial fl exibili ty.

FEDERAL WORK PROGRAMS
AND PUBLIC ASSISTANCE
'
th e fi scal year
Srtended
to n eedy per on

1936. aid l1 as been exthrough a number
f pccialize d pub lic programs. T h ro ugh om r
of th ese, job h ave been provided for un em ployed worker , a nd through oth ers, as is tanc l'
h as been provid ed for Yarious gro ups of person ;:;
who are un ab le to work.
The WPA program thro twho ut its hi story
h as b een th e cl1i cf employ m en t-prov iding program of tl1c F ed er al Government and h a
acco un ted for th e major sh ar e of th e total
number ~ th at h ave b een employed on th e
ntrious F ed eral work program s. Notwi th tanding th e r edu ction in vYPA employmen t
during th e 194 1 fiscal year , more Lh an h alf th e
persons working on all F ed eral work program
proj ect in Jun e 1941 were employed on proj ects
fo1a ncecl from vVP A fund s. Th e
ation al
Youth Adrnu1 i tration and th Civ ili an Co nenation Corps al o acco un ted for relative!!·
large propor tions of th e total. A very m all
percentage of th e total was represented by
em ployment on the constru ction program of th
Publi Work A dministration a nd on oth er
Federal agen cy proj ects th at a re fin ance I from
emergency relief approp riat ion art fun ls. The
low level of employmen t on tit latLcr groups of
project refl ected t he limi ted amoun t of fund s
availa ble for th ese activ it ies.
nd er th e Social Sec uri ty Act , th e F ed era l
Government h as cooperntecl wilb llw states in
financing as i tance progra m for t,11 n eedy
E

agt•d, th e needy b lind , a nd d ependt'n t chi ldren .
T h e relative impo rtance of these programs h as
increased steadily s ince th e fiscal year 1936,
when F ederal pa r tic ipation begn n. Th eir curr n t high leY ·ls stand in harp con trast to th e
recent t ren ls of most of th e oth er wor k and assistan c programs. The oth er pu b]ic assista nc' programs- d1e gen eral relief program and
t he Farm Sec urity Administration gran t proO'J'a m- h ave fo llowed a gen erally downward
ou rse for so me li me.
Prior to th e fi sca l year 1936, wh en th l'
WP .A program was pla eed in op ern t ion, ge neral
relief was the prin cipal form of as ist:ui ce given
to n eedy perso ns of all ty pes indudi ,w th ose
whose n eed resu lted from un employ mPn t. Th e
F ed eral Em erge ncy Reli ef \..dmini stration finnn ced a large part of th e totn l eost of th ~
g<' neral relief and related programs in th e
prriocl from :.fay 19:3:3 t hrough Dece mb er 19. 5.
From Novem be r 1933 through M a rch 19:34,
w hen th e Civil Works program wa in active
operation, FERA activ itie were te mporarily
tatc nnd loca l gove rnments be amc
curtailed.
ent irely r es pons ible for th e fin a ncin g o f th e
ge neral re lief progra m after FERA gra n t, to
t bl' stntes wer' diseontinued.

Households and Persons Aided
Dming th e fiscal year 1941 , siza bl e redu ctions
were record ed in the e· timate of tl 1e undupli83

4

REPOR T

K PROGRESS OF T HE WP A PROGRAM

C HART 13

inC'rea e in n eed , reaching a
total of 5, 458, 000 in F ebruary
1941, t he hi gh point of tb e fi scal
Year . Thi , h ow ever , was the
January 1933 - June 1941
MILLIO NS OF"
MILLION S
HOU SEH OLDS
snrn
llc t F e bru a r_v total sinc:e
OF PERSONS
~ I2
19:3:3 and was nearly a third
below the peak reach ed in F ebruary 1934.
Th e numb er of per ons aid d
(u1c:luding depend en ts of famil y
P ERSO NS
----1 8
h c:1ds ) began to mov e upward
20
,,
I \
I
\
in O c to be r an d con tinued to
I I
__ ,
I
I
,"'- , ,
/
\
ri se until ,January 194 1, wh en
: \ ,/ \
\,
IS
th e year's high point for thi
: \.,./"
'\,,-''\ / - - ...,
,'
\ ,,,'
.....,
:
, .,,/
\
/
\
seri
es. 15,064 ,000 , w as reach ed .
/ \
I
\
/
/
\, :
\,,,-'..._ HOU S EHOLDS
Th
is
total r e presen tcd a r ecord
,,
~ - - - + - - ----l 4
10 I - - - - ~ - low for tb e month of J anu ary
and was only a Ii ttle more th an
h a lf as large a th e peak fi uure
- - - - - 1 - - --+-----, 2
5 1----+----of F ebruary 19: 4.
During th e ln t four months
of th e fi cal yea r 194 1 su ccessive
declines wer e r ecord ed in both
1941
19 40
1939
1937
1938
1936
1933
1934
1935
h ou r hold s and p er ons. B y
June th e numb er of households
ca trcl num her s o f hou sehold s and p erson s r ehad dropp ed to 4 ,689. 000 , a n e t r eduction
ceiYin g F ed e ral wor k program e,nni11 gs and
of I 3 percent from Jun e 1940 , and th e
public assis tance paym ents.' In each m on th o f
number of p erson s h ad d eclin ed to 12,364, 000.
the fi scal yea r, th e e linrnted totals were suhThe latter fig ure r epresented 9 p ercent of
stan tia lly lower th an those for the sam e rnon th
t h e population and wa th e sm all est numof t he precedin g _,rear (Table 37) .
b •r of p erso ns aid ed in any mon t h of the
About, 5,055,000 h ou seh olds. including 14 ,L'ntir c p eriod b egin11ing with Janu ary 1933.
33 1,000 persons (a hou t 11 perccn t of tht'
l t r epr esented a n e t r edu ction of 18 p ercen t
co untry 's popu lation ), r ec:l•iYt'd Federnl " ·ork
from Jun e 1940. The more rap id rate of d eprog rnm earnin gs or pub[ir- assistance paynwn ts
cline in th e number of pcrso11s than in the
iJ1 July 1940. Th e numb er of hou sel1 lei s flu c t unu ml r of hou seh old s r efl rc t ecl th e iJ1 cr ease
ated . o m cwh at irregu larly durin g tlw t\\·o suh,;cdurin g th e y ear iJ1 the proportion of household
que11t m onths and th en hl'gnn to n·JIL•c t seasonal
t ha t typica lly r epre C'nt only on e o r two p ersowsuch as t h ose recc iYin g aid und er the
1 The .se.11e.s of estimates relaun ~ to the unduphrated total numher!- of
household~ and persons henefitinf!'. from Federal work and puhl1r assb1old-a ge itssi tance program.
HOUSEHOLDS AND PERSONS BENEFITING FROM
EMPLOYMENT ON FEDERAL WORK PROGRAMS
AND PUBLIC ASSISTANCE

T

, ,.- --

ance proj!ram ~ and to the agerega 1e amount of payments to th ese n•(•1p1ents th at an· pres1..•nted herein, differ from those that aptwared in tht.• p140
issue of thl• Report on Progress of the H PA Prooram m that they C'\eludt•
data Pf'll81111n ~ to construction proJects finanred from HF< "' fund~ :ind
from regu lar Fc:clt~ral appropriations Fo1 purpo:,,1.•s of com r arison. d:Ha
for the.sr att1vit1t.•s haYC' heen comhmed under tb(• h~admg- "rei!"u lar ft."I •
eral construction projl'Ct s" and are shown m se paraH· :-t•C'tion ~ 11f 'T'Rh]p..,
39 and 40. 'rlll'.se changt'S wen· made upon tlH. n,rommendfltion (,f
the Jo111t Co111m1tlPP on Hr!irf Statistics of the Amtrican Statisucal .-\s
socic:1t1on and th e \111l'rican Puhl1 e \\ elfart As~oc iarwn . F01 deH-rl p·
t10n s of program~ and of estimates <,f househol <b and pl'rsons rece1, 111~
FederAI work prol!ra m eamint!s and puhlic assiFt a nc·t· pn _, fllt>Ul s, " ('( ap•
pendtx (t•-:\ planatory ~Oh'SJ ~ee the Rf rort on. ProQrts,, of the 11 ·PA
Pro gram, J une SO , 194U. pp . YO t o 109aad T E . \\'h1t1.ng and T J. \\·m, rtn ,

Jr .. ,"-t'um uwry o( Relit-/ and Federal H"ork Program ''tut1 .-.(10, 19,'j. -19.J.(J
( \Y ashington, D . C. \\'ork PrnJl·tts _•\dmin1 s1rat wn. I Y-41 for mvre
de tailed descriptions or th e n1.nou:-. prol! ram s.

Payments to Recipients

Tl1 r :1 ggn'gat e a m ount of F ed eral wor k prog ram earn ings and publi c: a sis tance pa~· m ents
for th e ·ountry as a ,,hole wa a lso con sidernbly
;; mail er in each month of tl1 e fi scal year 1941
th an a year ea rlier (Tabl e 3 ) . As in preceding years, th e monthly ch anges in total
paym ent wer e genera lly som ,drn t h arp er an d
more irregu lar th an tho e recorded in th e total

FEDERAL WORK PRO ,RAMS AND P1.'BLI C A d

of hou . r h lei s and p r r. on. .
h :rngrs in tot,11 1
p,1ym<'J1 ts :ne inn U('llC'l'd by \·ariti t ion s wi Lhin a
gin'n progrn m an<l amon g Llw e\·er al program
with re. p ect to th an iounts paid Lo individu :d
ree1p1 11t . Tl y ar c al o ubj rct to flu cLuatiorn, tlw t r e ult from n, ri ation s in th e numb er
of p,1y day and wo rkin g day in different
month and from technical fa c tors a ' oc ia t,ed
wiLh a c ounting pro ced ures.
N cv ert h cJ ess, Lh e Lotal amow1 L of mon Lhly
payment m ade under th e several progr am s fo llow ed appr oximately th e same sea onal trend
a the recipient daLa . From a total of $2 12,000 .000 in July 1940, Ll1 e monthly amount ro c
to '222,000,000 in Ja11u a r)' , th e high es t point
rc',t h eel during the year . Tlii s is to b e comparl'cl \\-ith th e preceding y par ·s peak of 254,000 ,000 and Lh e all-time l1igl1 of $:308 ,000 ,000,
reac hed in January I 934 wli cll th e Civi l \Vork s
37.-

TABL E

TA~CE

program wa, in opc•ra tion_ D celin rs occ·t11TNI
du ri11 g four of t bc· fin· remainin g m onth s of
fi sc1,l year l!l41 . a nd by ,Jun e th e total had
dr pp C'cl to · 1 ' .000 ,000 , th e malles t s 1J1 ce
Oc tobl'r 1934.
T o tal pa~·rn ent . mad e uml<-r tlw va riou s programs during th e 1941 fi sc al year amounted to
$2,520,000,000 or 1:1 percent less than in the
prC'ceding year . Th e r e<lu ction refl ec ted th e
co ntra,cti on that took pl ace in all the F ederal
work programs, except tho e operat ed by th e
National Youth Admini stration , and in th e
ge neral r elief an<l Fann Security Admini s tration program s. T on large ext ent, h ow ev r , th e
r eduction was delermin r d by th e magnitud e of
tbc d ecline in tot,:11 pH)rm ents und er the vYPA
a nd gen eral reli ef program s. WPA earnin gs
durin g th e year ::irnountrd to $1 , 143 ,000 ,000 , or
about 14 per cent less th nn in th e prec edin g y ea r ,

:\"u~I BE R OF H OUS E H O LDS A::>[D P ERSONS BENEFlTIN
FROJ\I EM PLO\"ME!\T OX FEDERAL W ORK
GHAJ\I S AN D P UBL I C A SS ISTANC'E A
ONTIN ENTAL

N ITED

Pno-

TATES

M ONTULY. JA NUARY 1933-J UJ< E 1941

I ln thousa nds]

J\ l ontb

H ouseholds

Persons

I

~loo tb

J98S

Jan uar y
F bru ary _
;\la rch
A1>ril
?\l ay __ _______ ______ _
Ju.ne _

____________ _

Jul y
AugusL . _
September
October
;:,,.,~ovember
D ccmber

.\ I nth

Persons

4, 71\4

5. 358
5. 456

20,303
lk. 774

4 . 57g
4, H 8
4. 128
4,234

Ii . 562
Ii. 301
iJ.I
16, 072
20. 462
25. 37.\

7, l li4

Febru ar y _
M a rch
April - ·----- - ---·--~l a y _

2 1, 4 I G

5, l 2
4. ;95

5. 557

Jan ua ry

17, G20
IS, 6·18
2 1. 035

Jun e ___ _____ _____ ____ _

Jul y __
Au gust __

15.

7. 97 4

Februar y
~la rch
Apr il
;\lay
June

7,980
7. 24 3
6. 364
5. 13

July
Augus t .
September
October
~ o,1emher
Deccmher

6. 505
6, 701\

23,269
24, 122

6. 900
6. 825

24, 7 16
24, 462

6, 55

2.J. 354

June

6. 7, fi
6. 694
I\, 359

23. 93G
23. 502
22. 302

July
Augus t _ ----·-·---_____ ___ _
eptember _ ·-----··
October
~ ovember
December __

6. 137
6. 12S
5. 733
5. 758
5. fi47
o. OOH

21. Htill

28,093
28. 102
25. 6
22.
95~
2 1,205

Se pt em her
Octoher
No,·ember

6, 9GO

:?I. '2'2 1

;\ l a rd ,
Apri l
,\ l ay
June

7. 1109
7,015
Ii, S05
ti, 597
f,. 31l3

21. 276
21. 250
20, H O
19, iiO{ ,

17. ti3~
17, !J74
IS. 300
I , 659
18. ·lti
l . 002

J t1I)

5, 990
5. 755
5. -1 78
5, 709

111, 0$1~

5. 804
.5. ~J07

16. 40 1
lfi , SI~I

18. 769
18. 509
18. 630
17. 949
10.
16. 12f,

Januan

6, 143
6. 2 17

li . i4Y
I • 012
Ii, h54

\/\JI
127
131
' 4
5. 604
5. 427

20. 724
2 1.1 65
21. o;:i
20.
I . 901
l~. 195

5, 3:t(
5. 4 lli
5. 542

5. 792
5,872

D ecl'mher

5. 35

151,

Au gu~r

Se pt em he r
OC't ohc r
.'.\lon.--mbe r
D1 •c·t-' ml11.•r

5,844

5. 836
5. 883

,\Ia rcb
Ap r il

I ,\ l ay

5. 739
5, 50!,
5. 207

__

gm,

Fehrua~r r _

~la rch
s\ pril
~l a,·

Ii. 117

Au gus1 _

,i , 055
ii, 098

September
Octoh,-r

-1, 990
5. 200

1-1 . 331
14 . 4/h
l.J . 05Y
14 .
14 . ,\7i
11, •:07

5. ~ 16

21. tit i

Jul y

4. 6 6

H . 220

July

6. 212
6. 237
6, 321\

22. i39
22. 6 12

Au gust __

4. 572

Se ptem ber
October
ro ,.,ember
D eceruher

4. 4 3
4, 628
4, 792
5. 169

13, ii8
13. 346
13, 533
H . 085

15. .JGO

June

_\rovt:1 m tw r

Decem11n

1938

' Esti mated unclu plica ted totals.

19, 313
20, 707

F ebrua r y
J\larch
April ___________ ____
J\fa y
______ _____ _

5.
5.
6.
6.
6.

629
955
336
41i
496

n. -175

June
________ __ _

tl, 41 5

Augus t - - ----------I Se
ptember ________ ___ _

6. ,\33
6. 563

Octoher
No,.,. emher
Dere m hn

5. 2i7
.5, 362

,131;

1941

Jan uary

1

fi, 171

l h. 25ti
I.I . Oc9

Jun e _

Jul y

15, ti2ti

5. 974

2 1. OOi

2 l , 46H
19. 9f>3
19. i!il\

lfi, ;-97

5. 736
.\, 3il

5, 76.'i

1986

P,. 7'11
17. os3

1940

Janua n ·
Fc hru a-ry _

22. 68 1

Persons

J&nuan
F t>hru a·ry

5,
6,
G.
5.

1987

Janua ry

Households

, 989

/986
"· 504

1984

Jan uarv
Februa·ry
~larch
Ap ril -·------- - ----.
;\lay

IJ ou se hol<l s

--·-·-

"· 830
6. 934
Ii. 9!i4

17. 080
1,. 231\

rn. ;;3,1

19. ~74
2ll. I 15
20 , 147

20. 019
20.475
20. 470
2 1,022
21. 280
21. 6

See not so □ pp. 98 a nd 99 fo r descripti on of data i □ clud ed.

Jan uar y
Ft'liruarv

5. -14 .\
5. 1.1,

;\ l a rch ·

.;. :mo

Apr il

i.
4, 913
4, n,11

_\l ay
Jtrn,

153

15. 06.J
l o, 06ll
1-1 . tihi
13. 89tt
13, 114,
12, 3+i4

6

REPORT O .\" PRO GRE

T ABLE

38.

. b lOUXT

OF

OF T HE WPA PRO GRAM

E.,1 PLOYED ON FEDER A L
1~.\RX[X (;,S OF P Ensox.
TO HEnPIENTS OF T' O B l, l (' ,\ ,;s 1STAN ( "E A

~ [ ()NTH l Y, L\ :-lL\ RY

·w oRK

Pn o, : R .\ \ I:-,

'" D

P A Y.\I EXT

H1:n JI ,n, l tH I

(In thom.andsl
\lr1111h
J:\lltHU)

Frhruar~
.\l nrrh
\ pril
\lay
Jun

July
.\ mw"t
·"'C' ptcmher
Ortoh,•r

11rn
.ijfiri, 12h
70, ~l~ i
'\-I, 07i

i~. 227
'lll.~lll

$:ltlh. iv:i

:? Ii, s.--:2
22G. 700

1w.s2:J

%.611

lfil.ll42
1n2. 3, 1

"· 54fi

11;,, 663

~fl. 6"'2

,:i, ,55

~OY('lll lWr

\JO. 3i9
1:n. 0.,2

Decernht>r

~, ... 11 7

A

1<1:1 1

Sec notes on pp. 9 and 99 for descript ton

1935

1931)

l(}:ii'

$21U. IU2
203, 188
207. 0.50
2IO. 711
214. o,o
199. 252

$251l. 502
2fi l, 518
21\ll, In
2fi:l 2H0
258, S5fi
2.5.5. 963

$2 If>. !12<J
245, ,574

200. 75 1
200. 90i
191. 203
209,671

2W, \Ji3
253, h4 I
2.5.5. ~14

222, nn.5

21iS, ~59
25~. 956

ISfi, ifi!i

Ii i, V15

l8i. 6h0
211'.l. '.'!Kl
2111. ,111

2.53. 102

2Gfi, 0 18

193,

1!13~
. :lUi, ::!25

23h, 7i,.,4

$22 1. l5i
231. 347
247. 661
25f,, 146
261. G20

22.5, 735

272, 707

277, 05-1

:.)Of",. 3 ll
!Hi,. 1:J1
193, 22h
196.•517
203, i i.,
212. rns

271. 926

'.!51. <123

2H2, 52()

216. l02
225, 295
236, iOfi
239, 86-1
243,03 1

21f1, 1:-2

211, 294

4, 5 7
295, 39f,
3 2, 239
304, 077

?

2<J2. 827
299, 783
2Sll. 185
2. 5, ,561

19111

H~t

$221,979
215, 023
216,039
20 , 431)
19 , 'Ml
!Si , 76

$2 11 . 21)9

u,, 3%

253. 584
2 17, i:J7
239, 15-1
21~. i l4
211 . '>40
213, 2
20'l, 115fi
2Iti, 111
209, 21 I
2, 1. 84.5

I

or data includ c<l.

a nd g l'nern l rdi cf payml' nt s tota l(•d .'3:39,000,000, o r ,1hout a fourth less t ha n in t h e fi scal yea r
1940. Alth ough sub tantial u1crc:1.scs occurred
in tota l payment s m ad e und t' r t h e i\'YA program and th e pccial assistance progr am i.n
whi c h th e 'ocial cc urity B oa rd pa rticipate
(amount ing to 22 and 13 p ercl·11t . re pcc tiYcl~-.
for th e year ), th ey we re not gr eat en o ugh lo
o ffset th e r edu ction s in \YP A a nd gen eral relief
o utlays.
P:1 y m e11ls fo r all Fedl'n1l wo rk prog n1m s co mbin ed r(•p r<·sent cd abo u t ,- 9 per('c nt of th e tota l
paynwnls in Lh e fi sca l year l941 , as co mpared
\\·ith 63 pe rce nt in th e pn'C'l'din g yea r . In
-;pile of t he fad t hat \YP.\ ea rn in~s d ecreased
in :1hso lut e amount , t hey acco untcd for n ea rly
as lnrge a s ha re of t h e total in t h e fi sc a l y ear
194 l as in 1940 (45 as compared wit h -1 6 p crPaym ent s to CCC L'n ro ll ees, whi c h
ec nt ).
h ad a lso d t,elin cd som ewhat in tota l, re present ed
ahoul pertent in bo th 1940 nnd 194 1. E a rning-son P\Y A proj ect, wh it h in 1940 aeco un tcd
for m on' t h an 6 percent of totn l program payment s, in 1941 r eprese nt ed less t han 2 perce nt.
All puh li c assistance payment s <·ombirwd acco un ted for 41 percent o f th e tota l for all prog rams in the fi cal y •a r 1941, as eo mpa re I with
:37 p erce n t in th e precPdin g yenr . Th e proportion re pre. L•nt ,c1 by t h e pPcia l ass is tanc e
prog-rnms increased from n ea rly 2 1 p erte n t to
about 27 percen t , \\'bil e gt nera l relid paym ents
d eclin ed from n early l (i percent in l 940 to less
t han 14 pert ent in l94l.
1\ lo n lhly totals of reci pi <• nt s assis ll'd und er
tb e indi \-idual progra ms duru1g the fi sc-al y ear

l 941 a r c sh own in T a b le 39, and a par allel
seri es on th e amom1t of pay me n t mad e under
Lh esc prog rams is presented u.1 T a b le 40 . In
additi on , comparable d ata for pre vio u years
and s tal e d a ta for th e m onth o f Jun e I 941 ara
ho\\·n in Appe ndix T a bles XX to XXIII.

Work Projects Administration
The \YPA sinc e 1935 ha operated a prog ram
o f uscf ul pub li c projects on whi ch jobs h ave b een
provid ed for Lm cmployccl work er wh o h ave
b een ccl'Lifi ccl by local public r elief agen cies as
being in n eed ." Duru1 g th e fi scal y ea r 1941 ,
th e \VPA prog- rarn pro Yiclcd employm en t for an
avl'rage o f a pproxim ately I ,700 ,000 worker in
tli e contin en ta l U ni ted tatcs . Thi was about
than th e average number em17 p ercent le
ployed durin g th e precedin g year. Approximat ely 30 percent of t h e person s cm ployed at
th e end o f th e y :.-ar were workin g o n national
ddcn sc projects.
Trend in WPA emp loymen t and ea rnings
dmi.ng th e fi cal year 194 l foll ow cl th e u ual
seasonal patt ern . Ris in g teaclily du rin g t h e
fir t h alf of th e year , th e aver age numb er of
P<'rsons l' mpl oyed r each ed a hi gh p oint of a bout
I , 5 ,000 in ,J a nu ary. In ub equ enl months
th e numb er d eclin ed m1 til on ly 1,3 76 ,000 wo rkt' rs wcr r employed in th e co n tinental United
• talc in Jm1 e 1941. Thi was th e m a lles t
iw erngc fo r any mont h s in ce Octo ber 1935 and
2 ,v PA proj(>rt ar ti ,·i t1 es, emplo y mr nt. expend itures, a nd o ther as pects
of t he " "P \ proµ- ra m are discussed in de- tai l 111 t'a rlirr sr(•fi ons of this
n~port. A hrief summary is included here.: Lo fac1 lilate co mparison with
oth er prog rams.

FEDERAL WORK

project . Th e numlw rs in cr eased durin g mo L
of th e ubscqucnt month until a pc,tk of
47 ,000 wa n ' nC' h l'd in April 1941 , and U1en
d eclin ed to 35fi ,000 in Jw1 e. During the c·o u1" t'
of the ch oo l car ll1c s tudents earnC'd u tot al of
l a ximum monthly earn abo ut 27 ,100,000.
ing. amounted to $6 for high chool s Lud cn Ls,
$20 fo r uncl c rg raclu aLe college s Lucl enLs, and $30
for gra d uaLc' s l ud e n Ls .
T l1 c oul-of-sd1ool work program providl'
training alld work experience in llw has ic nwch anica l Lrnd c and in variou pl'C'ialized fie ld
on pr jects for Lhe con truction and improvcm c11 L f pub li c fac iliti e uch a bui ldings and
r oad and for th e provi sion o f profe sio n a l,
cle ri ca l , and ol h cr nss is tance in a va ri cL. o f
non co n trn cLion field s . Projects d es ign ed to
develop p cc ia li zed s kill of imporlai1ce Lo Lh c
n a tion a l clefcn l' program were given empba i
during Lb e 194 1 (i scal year.
YA ouLDurin g th c fi scal year 194 1, t hc
of-sch ool work program provided part-Lime
employment on publi c project to a grcaLl'l'
number of youn g mcn and yo un g women who
were in need of employmen t t h an cvc•r before.
In July 1940 , 196,000 yo u th s were e mployed
on th e prog r:1 111 . By D ecem lw r t,lw num ber

a d ec ren.sr o f m on' than a fifth fro m tht' lolal
for Lh c prccrding Jun e. l\l onL hly earnin g on
WPA projPc ts during tbc year ranged from a
high point of 103,500 ,000 in J a nu a ry Lo a low
0 , 00 ,000 in Jun e 1941. Tlw ,Tune fig ure
of
was llw malle L n1 onlhly total Lh al h ad been
r eco rded 1n cc ovcrn bcr 1935.
National Youth Adm ini stration
Part-tim e cmploynwnl for youn g men and
young wo men is provided on Lh l' s tudt'nl work
and o ut -o f-sc hool work program s of th c NYA.
Th e Ludcnt work progr am offers work opportunitic for lii gh sch ool and college s t ucl ents
who would bc unable to continu e in sel 100I with out Lh i ass istan ce. On thc ouL-of- ch oo l " ·ork
prog ram , yow1g person s who arc no longer in
full -Lim e attcnclanct' at sch ool are given p ar ttim e crnploymenL on public projeeLs.
EmploymcnL o n th e IYA s tud ent work
program cl urin g th e 1940--4 1 school yt'ar was at
approximate!)~ th e sa me level as durin g the
preceding year . After th e u u al dce lin e in th e
mnm cr vacat ion month s, the progra m expandl'd rapidl y in Scptcmbcr, and by October
a b o u t 352 ,000 st ud ents W<' re c mpJoy('(I on NYA
TABLE

39.-

7

AND P U BL! C A SS J " l'.\ 8 'E

PIWGHAM

UMBER OF PERS O NR E i\ lP LOYED ON FEDERAL WORK A:-1D C'O NRTll UC' T l O N PROJE T
RE C ll ' l E N T ,-; OF

p

BL I C' A s,-; 1,-;TA '\" C' F: , flY P11o c: 1{A~1

AND

MBER OF

A

CONTI NENTA L lJ_s" JT E O ST AT ES
M ON TIILV , J U LY

19-10-J

LJN E

1941

[In thousa nd s]

E mploy-

Employ-mcnt o n F'edcral work prog rams aod rec ipient s nf pu hlir assis tance
----

ll nrluphca ted
tota l "

Month

Na tio nal Youth
Work Administratio n C i\'il ian
P roiects
Stu - Out-of- ConPer- Adminserschool va ti on
rl e nt
l raD ouse- in sons
wo rk
th ese istio
wo rk
n
Corps
holds
p ropro1;,on~;i~· I
~ra m
~ n-1111

Pu b lic \\' orks
A d ministra tion

--

---

NoaF ed oral
PrOJ·
ec ts

e'ed era I
projects

Oth er
Fed era I
agency
projectsemergency
fund s

ment

on

Specia l t ypes of public
assistance
Aid to
Old - depend·
A id to
age
the
ent
assis tblind
cbilancc
dre n

Far m

Oenera I
relief

1940

Jul y .
Augus t
ep tember
Octoher .. ..
No ,.,. ernher ..
D ce mher

5, 362

14, 33 1
14, 4i
14 . 059
14, 43r,
14 , 57i
14 , SOi

5. 44 ,\
5,458
5,360
5, IS3
4,9 13
4. 689

15, 064
15,060
14 , 667
13,896
13,048
12. 364

5, 05->
5, 09~
4. 99C
5. 200

5, 2i7

I, 639

J. 684
I , 6i 3
1, 74 3
J, 771
I, 26

(C)

I
24
352
439
44 9

196
239
23b
232
262
32fi

2H
28i

41 9
482
459
1IR
39 1
381

25
27.;

254
279
283
246

56

43
35
27
22

JS

i
5
5
4
4
3

2
I
I

J
I
I

I. 986
2,00J
2,0 16
2,034
2.05 1
2. 066

349
353
357
360
364
3i0

2, 075
2, 0~2
2, 107
2, 125
2, l•IG
2, Hi6

376
3 3
3 7
391
392
39)

1941

January
F ebrua ry _
M a rch
April
]l[a y

June

I, 5
I. 50
I, i l8
I, 575
I, 453
I. 376

44 2
459
•17 1

4i
462
356

244

22
223
195

12
10
8
8
7
7

--A
8

See notes ~a pp 9 and 99 fo r descript io n of <l 'l t 1, lrl l' lwl crl.

2
2
2
2
2

I

nl
73

73
73
73
7-1
74
74

I, 362
I, 342
1. 2S
I, 230
I, 212
I. 239

31
43
35
34
36
44

332
3 15
391
456
6 14
7 12

I, 257
I, 229
1,2 10
I. 153
1. 038
93·1

57
57
66
52
35
3

72 1
797

~

Co!U parahl r da ta for earlier years arc given

f) ocs not mclu de datn pertaining to regular Fcdcrnl cons tru ctio n projects .
c Less than ,500.

72
i2
i2
i2

10

regular

F ed Secu rity
era l
Admiu - ronistra - strnct1 0 11
lion
projgrnnts
e ts

T able XX or thl' a ppeodi ,.

iG2
ii(i

723
718

REPORT ON PROGRESS OF 'l' II E WPA PRO GRAM

irHTP:H,l'd to :J2R,OOO. and in I<' hruar_v it
n •:1<· l1<•d n pPak of -182 .000 . T IH· l1i g h point in
<• 1rrpl oym P11t durin g the pn'cl'di 11 g )' <':lr h nd
lH'<'ll :3:rn. 000 . By .Jun e 19-!I <'mplo_n nl'nt had
<i<-din l'd to :rn-:t .000- a fi g ure that wa s hi g h er
tlra11 t h(' to tnl for nn y mont h o[ :tny pre('(' d i ng ) ' l' .l r .
1 1o nthly parnings on NYA out-of-school
wo rk prog nnn proj t•d s fluetunt NI be tw(• en
:·:{,-100, 000 a nd 9,300 .000 during th e variou s
rnon t hs o f th e 1941 Rsc nl y ear, and to taled
rw,1rly , L 0,-!00 .000. Th e Ntrnings of indiYidual
wo rkers rnn g l•d from . 1-! to ."24 per month ,
d e1w 1Hling upon t lw geog raphic loc ation and s ize
o f thl' community in whi ch Lh e young p er son
wa s emp loyt•d.
Civilian Conservation Corps

Sin cl' it. initiation in 1933, t h l' C ivi li an C'onS<'rTation Corps has proYid cd emp loyme nt for
unemplo)'l'CI ) 'O LIIW m en , on proj1 •d s for tlw
con e n · ation and d cYelopm ent of natural reourrl', . The enroll et•s are m,1int:1in l'd in
camps and a re giYen opportunitil'. for c•<iu('ation and YOC-11tional training. Ea rly in the 1941
fi sen l yenr, CCC training wa s inl<•n s iti ed and
l'Xpn ndecl to g iv e specia l l'rnpbas is to trade and
indu s trial co11rsl'S in fiPlcl s importanL t o t he
national cl efc.n e, u ch a s el c tri c- a l r epair work ,
nutom obil <' and airph 1w st• 1Ticing, metal work ,
and blu eprint reading.
During tlw Rrs t six month s of th e I 941 fi ca l
ypar , CCC enrollm e nt ,w e ra ge d about 270 ,000
J) l' r m onth , o r only slig htly k s t han during th r
sam1• m ont hs of th e J)l'l'C-l·ding yl'ar. In t he
mo11L hs ubst•qu ent to FL•h ruary Hl4 l , however ,
n marked <il'dine occ-urrrcl in t hl' numb r r of
1·11roll ees. F'rorn an an•ragl' of 3-14 ,000 llH'n
111 :\Jareb , l' nrollrn ent dropp ed to H) .5,000 in
.Jurll'. Thl' ex trao rdinarily low lev p] reac-!11·d
in .Jun e Hl41 ,rn t ic- ipal l'd a rTduc-ti on in th l'
1111 mlw r o f camp sch eduled fo r o pe rati o n in th<'
In gl'1w ral, tlll' downward
Il l' \\~ fi sc-a l _Y<'tlr.
tn ·ncl in( '( '( ' enrollnll' nt during t h l' latt er ha lf
o f tlll' yl'ar rTfi <'ded a dl'<-r<•:l se in th l' ,·olurnp of
applicati o ns for enro llm ent a nd an increa sl' in
th l' 11umhl' r;-; of (' nrnllel's ll'a v ing t lw Corps prior
to l hl' l'X pi r:i t io n of tlH'i r <'ll rollm en t t e rms.
Tl1 t• t•st im n t l'd m o ntlil y 1·arning;-; of CCC enroll ee ra 11g<·d from $12,900 ,000 lo ,' 19,000,000

dming tiH' fi ca l )Trar and totalrd 20] ,700 ,000
for l hl' _v par . T li c•s<' e timat l' induclr noL only
t lw maintenance l hat th l' e n ro ll c<' rec r rve m
tlH' c- amp but a lso th e ea h a ll O\van ce of which
a larg l' hare i. a ll ott ed Lo depl'nd enLs . Effectin• ,l a J1u ar_y l, I 941 , t h e a ll otme n ts to d ep ende nt s of junior ell rollrc (m e n between 17 a n d
2:3 yea rs of ag P, wh o makl' up th e hulk of t h e
enrollm l' nt ) Wl' rl' r educ ·d from , 22 to ·15 so
th a t th l' ."7 clifrt• n •nce mi g h t b e d up a a
sa ,·ings a ccount for th e enrolkc , payable to him
up on hi s disch arge from th e C orp
Public Works Administration and
Other Federal Agency Employment

Th e Public- W orks Admini s lraLion a nd a
numbp r of Fl'deral agen c ies ot h l' r t han th
iYPA , C 'C , and J\' YA ban• a lso ullclL' rtaken
publi c- c·on s trudion projL•cL Lhat li ,iv e b •en
fi11 a1H·<·d from emerg ency appropriatio ns . For
eY<' r,1 1 y ears , howen•r , tl1i g roup of p r oj ect
ha pro,· id ed a prog r es i,·d_v mail er number of
I o IH'\\ ' :1ppropri atio n were made for
job,.
th e PWA p r og ram in 19-! l , a nd total l'mployrnenl on projl'l'l s financt•d with PiYA funds
dropp ed from 6:3,000 p e rson in ,July I !:l40 to
only 8 ,000 in ,Tun e 1941 . 1n ,Ju ly 1939 a bout
227 ,000 wo rke r had been empl oyed o n P \ V A
projl'd s . Employment on ot h er F edera l agen cy
proj ects financ ed from enwrg <•n cy npprop ria ti o ns lotakd onl~· about 1,000 p er on during
mos t mont h of tlw 19-!l fisca l yt•ar .
Tot,11 <'arnings on P\Y.A and ot he r Fed er al
age ncy projects ,lmount ed to barely a fifth a
much in t lw fi ~eal y ea r 19-! l a s in t he previous
y l'nr . \\'orkers on PiYA proj ects rec eiv ed
·3 ,:3 00,000 in 194 1 as compnrecl w it h , 186,-!00 ,000 n _v ear c·n rli l'r , a nd t ho e emp loyed on
otlwr l<'l'd e rnl age ncy projec t s earned ·1 400,000
n ag nin s t ·2, 300,000 in 1940 .
Special Types of Public Assistance

Tlw numb er aid ed unclrr t lH' th n 'l' p ecial
typl'S o f ass is lnnn· in which t lw Ft•cll'ra l Government pnrt1c1pate und er t he Soc ia l Se<'uri ty
Ac t- o ld -age ass is tance, aid to d ep end c11 L c hildren, n11cl aid to t h l' blincl - increa eel ubs tantia ll)' in till• J 9-! I f-i scal _vear . D u ring t hi s p er iod
th e numhl'r of r l'cipit•nt of o ld -ag<' a ss is lanel' inereasl'd 10 p crc-<·nl ; of aid lo dl'pend en t c hild ren,

FEDERAL \\' O Rh l'J U>GRAMS A

' I)

P l ' B LI C .\ SS18TA ' E

CHART 14
aho u t 13 p erc t' nl ; and o f aid lo
RECIPIENTS
OF
FEDERAL
WORK PROGRAM EMPLOYMENT
t,h t• b lin d , 3 pcn ·t• n l. F l'd e rnl
AND PUBLIC ASS ISTANCE, BY PROGRAM
g ranls a re mad t• on a ma [(' hJuly 1935 - June 1941
ing bn i (u p l o s p eci fi ed limit s)
MILLION S
MILLIO NS
OF REC IPtCNT S
OF RECIPI C:NT S
to tal cs op c r:1 li ng l h c' <' p ro5 0
so
gr am un Ir r p la n a pp rovt•<l
by t b r ocia l Sec urit y B oa r I.
\
Du ring th e 19--! L fi cal ye ar, 4 , 5
---j 4 5
\
I
o ld -:l g t· H i l1111c r \\·a a dmini I
tr rcd in a ll , l nl cs " it h l h l' fin a ncia I p:1 r Li c ip11 l io n of th e F t• d4 0
- - - 40
I
ral Gove rnm en t . The n umGE NERAL REUCF"
\
( Ca ses)
be r o f rrc ipi e nl
of o ld -age
I
ass1 Lan ·c i11 ('l'cns r d s t l'adi l_v,
3 5
35
from a to t a l of 1,9 6 ,000 in
Ju ly 1940 to 2, 166,000 in ,Tu n e
194 1. M o nLl il _v J :,_vrn ents from
3.0
--- 3 0
F ed e ral , ta l c, a nd Iond fu nd s
I
WPA
for tl1i typ e of a s i l a nce increased from
'39 ,600 ,000 m
2 S f - --f
2 5
J u ly l 9--!0 to n ea rly "4 .":>,700 ,000
I
I
in Jun 1941 , a ri se o f l .S p e rI
\
ce n t. T h e r ela t ively large r in·····
~··- "·_·
· t - -- - 1 2 0
2 . 0 t - - - --1-r-,,- -----, -\--- - t -·1-r
, - - - t - -- - i
cr ease in p ay m en t t han in t h e
numb er of r ec ip ien t rdkcLt' d
\
I
.....,/ \ ·""
\
\ .......•· j
\
"
-inc rr a cs in th e ave rage amo u n t
\
'- ,
I
\ / \.., \
1 5
, si-- ----1-i---..---,,i-....-~ ~,-,-- - - - - , - - - - - , - -,
ex t end ed p er rec ip ie n t in t h e
\...,_
m a jo rity o f t h e Latcs , am o ng
\ .._
w hi ch T exa an d -W ash ing to n
'- OLD- AGE ASSI STANCE
( Recipi ents )
w r r e ou t s tandin g . In Jun r
194 1 t h e avc r agr m on t hl v
am o u n p e r rcc ipi1 •nt of old -agl'
ass1 lance ra nged from le s th an
·10 111 s ix l ate to m or e t h a n
30 111 t hree ta t t•s. In to t a l,
n earl y ·.-ofi,2 00 ,0 00 was pnid Lo
r rc ipi enls of o ld -age a i la nce
dur ing t h e yea r.
Two sl,aLes- ?\ l i s i s ipp i a nd
...... ___ .... --- ........ _...... _.,, ,
o u t h Dak o t a we re add ed
o~--~~- - -- -- - - - -- - -----------0
during t h e 194 1 fisca l yea r lo
t h e rrnm b t' r gr:rn ling aid lo
d ep e nd en t chil dre n u n d e r pl an
a pprond b y t lw
oc ial S e1935
1936
1937
1939
1938
194 1
curi ty B oard . B y .J une, F ed 1 940
(J'al , tat,e , a nd loc a l fund s
w e re bein g usNI t
a s is l rwed y ch ildrr n
inc-luding 94 2 ,000 (' h ilclren , WPre recip ients o f
in 43 ta te ; in t h P r em a ind e r of Lh tatcs slll·l1
a id to d ep t•ncl e n t e h ild rcn . T h is fi g ure repn'a id w as b eing a clmin is t c red uncl r tatc la 11·;;
se n t,c d an incr eas e o f 4 .5 ,000 fnmi l ie , or 13 p e rfrom tatr and loca l fun cL with o u t F ed era l
c·t• nl , ovl'l' th e ,Tun e 1940 Lola !. ?\ l or e l ha n
pa r t ic ipation. l n June l 94 1, :39 1,000 famili e ,
h;1 lf t b e inTeasc oec: ul'l'ed in J>ennsy l vttnin ,

\

l

~

\1 -J_

no

REPORT O

TAnr.E I()

.\,10 11 'I'

PRO GRESS OF T HE WPA PROGRAM

0 1' fi:ARNTNGS OF P EHP.ONS F.MP l,OYED ON F E D ERAL vY ORK AND C'oN TR
P AYMENT TO RE C' LPn~NT>- 01' PL•BL L<' A ,;sisTA'<CE , BY PROGRA~1 A

CTI O

PROJ ECTS AND

1'.IONTIILY, Jl'L\ ltl 10 -J l'N~ 1941

[I n thousands]

I

Federal work prof?ram earnings and payments to recipients of puhhc ass1staoc

----------- i!;~~n
pecial tJ~)es of public

Month

1940

Ju ly
Aug-ust
SC'ptPmher
Octoher
:t\ovrmhrr
D rcrm hf'r

January
Fehr11:1ry

J\l nrch
April
l\lw

June

Puhlic Works
National Youth
A(lministration
Administration Other
assistance
Federal
Work
Ci"il- I
agency
Projiaa
projects
Conser- NonTotal"
ectsOld - Aid Lo Aid to
Arl- Stud ent Out-ofschool ,.,. ation Fe<lern! Federal emerage de rendminiswork
projwork
Corps
ent
the
projgency assistprotration
prochi !blind
eels
gram
ects
funds
aoce
gram
rlren

$2 11,840 $97. 0 6 --$2- $3, 407 $LS, 137
213,288 97,333
4
4, 759 19,022
203. 056 93. 507
106
4,822 16, 82.,
216, 141 IO I, 789
?_· 2~~
4,911
IS, 4i9
209,214 93,532
5,450 18,725
3 0.,.,
3, 109
6,463 16,314
2li, 845 102,329

221. 979 103,514
21.1, 023 94,080
2lfi, 039 9i. 400
20~.430 93.689
1~1,.s11 I s~.236
!Si. 76
0, i41l

2. 7i6
3, lfi5
3, 2-~3
3,352
3,3S5
2,592

7,901
9,224
8, 929
S, 40,1
s,11.,
i, 992

17, I 10
18, 152
16. Ii
15, 11,3

11.,r.a

12. 902

$6,899 - - - : : - ~
5, 738
692
70
4, 586
644
93
3,602
540
126
3,047
509
151
2,304
367
132

I, 604
I, 49fi
I. l.1
I, 124
1,014
88 1

249
239
201
213
204
175

.39,643 1$11,090
39,943 II, 2'23
40,034 11, 32.~
40, 64 11, 5
41 ,306 II, il
41,858 II, 990
1

137 42. 523
IJ 4 43,001
103 43, 4-10
111 43, 3~
11s 4-1.0;,1
117 1 45,659

12,298
11. 102
12, 766
12,866
12. 56
12. 806

~

General
relief

Farm
Security
A<lminis-

tratio n

g-ran ts

I, 32
1. 82\J
1, 46
1084 8
I. 62

$32,192
31, 732
2.~. 547
29,379
29,033
30, 0 0

I, 68
I. i i
I, iO
1.8~3
1, , 9~
I, 894

30. "44
28. 872
2S i
26:269
21,272
20,580

~

regular
Ferleral
construetion

projects

940
732
11
83 1
I, O~i

$39, 440
43, 799
47, 038
56, 120
69,20 1
6, 074

I, 455
I, 617
I 053
1: 607
908
1. 532

103,323
11 3, i90
111 , 136
116, 152
IOfi, 4 15
110, 103

"'See note.., on pp. 9~ and 99 for Oescription of data indudrrl f'c_imparah le data fur earli r yea rs are given in Table XXI of the appendL~.
B Oors not includP ea rnings on regular Federal construction pro;1.:•cts.

where m on' lib cnil eligibility s tandard s b rcame
eff ective during th e year . Paym ents from
Fed r ral, ta le, and local funds for aid to d ep end cnL children incr ,ased 17 p ercen t from
June 1940 to Jun e Hl4J (from $ 11 ,000,000 to
$ 12 , 00,000 ), and Lotalecl n early '145 ,700 ,000
for th e l 94 1 fi sca l yl'ar. As in t be ca e of t he
old-age ass is tance prog ram, th e rdat iYely larger
ri se in paynwnt t ha n in the numb er of r ec ipient wa t hl' re ult of sli ght incr ea es in t h e
ave rage am ou n t of ai d p er family in th e majority
of the state .
Th e small est of Lh e sp ecial assis tance program - aid to tlw blind - showed cornpnrati n ly
minor inc reases dming th e year. As in th e
preceding fisea l yea r, 42 s tat es pro,·id cd aid to
th e blind und er plans apprond by th e Social
ecu ri Ly Board , and four add itional s tates
furni h eel such a id und er s tate laws with out
F ederal p arLicipaLion. Bdwccn .Jun e 19,!0 and
June 1941 t ho numb er of rec ipi ents inc reased by
3 p ercent to 74,000 and the amount of paynwnts
incr eased by 4 pere cnt. to $ 1,900,000. A total
of more t h an $22,:300 ,000 wa paid Lo r rc ipi cnt
of a.id to th r blind during Lh e cour e of th e 19'±1
fi eal )"<' ar.

General Relief
Publi c g eneral r elief has b een finan ced from
tntc and lo cal fun ls ince the cli ~continuation ,
during th e fi se al year 1936 , of g rants by the
F t'cl era l Emergl'n cy R lief A !minis tration to th e
s l:1t<-.. Amon g the p er on a ickd und er this
r idual program arc th e physicn lly h andica pp ed
and ot h er unemploynbl c p erson who do not
mrl'l th e eli gibility r equirement of any of the
pcc- ial a sis tance J rog rnms, a well as som of
th e empl oyable p er on s f r '"horn jo bs are not
flYaih1 hl r on work progr a m becau e o f hortages
of fund s or oth er cau es. Al o, gen eral reli ef is
orndim cs extend ed to n eedy famili es r ccc iYing
ns is tance und er oth er pr grams wh en th eir
ineom e fr m t hese oth er ources is not sufficient
to m eet minimum r eq uirem ents .
Th e downward tr end in th e nati na l general
rdicf total s that had been cv id nt in tlw two
previou s y ars \YfiS ac · ntuat ed durin g the fi scal
yea r 194 1. 3 In t ead o f th e upwnrd mov ement
t hat us ually take pl ace in th e fall and winter
'The comparability of tbe general relief tota ls fo r months suhse~ u ent
to ,1 ugust 1940 with those for predous months ts affected to some extent
b~· I ht.~ r~clus100. he-giLU1iog with
eptemher H-140. of cases rece i v ing
rnedicnl carC' on ly a11d f total paym('nt(; for mPd1c.nl care.

FEDERAL W ORK l'RO RAMS AN D P

month ,, a tca dy d re li rn• in lh r nurn b r of case
oc urrcd from Ju ly t h rough
ov mb cr 1940,
and on ly light in rcas were evidcnL in D 'cem ber and Ja nu ary. Th e Limate for J anuary
was only 1,257,000 ca e , a decl ine of roug bly
100,000, or perccnL, from t he estima te for the
preceding July, and lh e mall es t ,Jan uary lotal
in th p eri od bcgi1ming wi th 1933 fo r which
nation-wick s Lati tic :1.n' nYaila ble. Th e d eclin th at bega n in F ebruary con tiJ1u ecl throughou t th e r emaind er of th e year, par Licularly
heavy r educt ion b ing record ed during th e la t
quarter. By Jun 194 1, th e cstimaLcd nati onal
total number of ca cs h ad dropp ed to 934 ,000,
th e first toLal of less t ban 1,000,000 th at b ad
been reco rded in th e entire period beginn ing
wi th J an ua ry 1933. Th e redu ction from June of
th e prece ling year amounted to about 420,000 ,
or slightly less th an a third .
A simi larly pron ounced ci ownwa rd m ovem en t
wa ev.idcn t in th e to tal monthly paynwnls for
gener al reli ef. In July 1940, general relief paym ents totaled about :32,200,000 or 11 percent
le s than in th e preced ing July . Thi , n cverth eles , wn s th e high est monthly tota l r ecord ed
during th e fi cal year 194 1. Th e total for June
194 1 wa s onl y $20,600,000 , th e lowest of th e
entire peri od beginning with January 1933.
Gen eral relief paym ents during th e year totaled
a little le s th an , 3:39,:300, 000 , as compa red
with a total of abo ut $453,400,000 during th e
fiscal year l 940.
R edu ctions in ge neral relief totals occ urred
in practical]~, all th e la tes, alth ugh a m ajor
portion of th e na tional d eclin e occ urred ill th e
large indu strial states . Tb e contraction in th e
gen eral relief r oll s in th e larger tatcs was
primarily attributable to in crca eel emp loym en t
and in com e. This facto r was al o r esponsible
to om c exten t for th e change th at occ urred
in most of the oth er s tate~. In omc areas,
decrease were par tly attribu table to redu c t.ion
in availablr fund s a nd more restri ctive eligibility req uirem en ts. Expa nsion of t,h e old -age
as i tancc and aid to d epend en t children programs al o contribu ted m a teri all y to t he downward trend in the ge neral rel id roll in a number
f sta,tcs. D eclin e we re comparatively small

BLI C ASSl TA CE

91

in a few tatr whl'rc li ttlr assisLan e wa given
during th e y ar Lo employable perso ns.
For th e contin ental United State as a wh ole
th e av rag n,mounl of gen eral relief cxtrncl d
per ca e dming th e month of June 1941 ,vas
a bo ut ·22. Average monthly paymen ts do not
furni sh an accurate measure of relief standard s,
sin ce th ey arc a ffcctcd by vn,ri ous facto rs such
a th e average numbr r of p ersons per case, th e
ex Len t of tmnover in relief roll , and th e extent
to whi ch assistan ce supplem en ts oth er income.
Nevcrth clc s, it is ev id en t th at gr<'at variation
ex i Led in th e gcn crn l relief standar I prevailing
in th e several states. Only hall' n, dozrn . tn,t.es
r eported average ben efi ts th at wer high er th an
th e n a tional average , bu t in abou t a doze n
slates th e average was less th an 10 in June.
A few s tates with comp a rati vrly hi gh paym ent h ad con iclrr nhle influ cnceon th e n ation al
average. Nearly h alf of th e cases r ceiv ing
gen eral r elief durin g June 1941 were lo atcd in
three states in which th e average mon thly
paym ent p er case ranged from $19 to $36.
Th e c three states includ ed 24 percent of th e
nation al population .
Farm Security Administration Grants

Th F arm cc uri ty Adm inistration , as a part
of it reh a bili tation activiti es, mak s gran ts to
d estitute and low- in come farmer to provid e
th em with food , clothing , n,nd oth er family
n c cl . Durin g th J 941 fiscal year r elatively
mall numb rs of gran ts were mad e, ran gin g
from 31.000 to 66,000 in th e va ri ous m on th s.
E ven th e lar gest m on thly total contra . t
sh arply wi th th e " ·in ter pc:1,k, of from 11 9,000
to 33,5,000 th at h ad been record ed in pr eCC'din g
year . T otal g rants durin g th ey ar amoun ted
Lo abou t $14 ,100 ,000. which wa 29 p ercen t
lcs th an in th e fi. cal _vear 1940 and 59 percent
le th an i11 1937. The low level of gr an ts in
th e 194 1 fi.ccal year refl rcted no t crnl y th e
gen eral in1pr0Ycm ent in agricul tural conditions
bu t al o the fact that th ere h ad bee n relatiYely
frw of th e em ergen cy situ at ions , such as th ose
ari ing from flo od flnd drou gh ts, th at n ecess it,a tccl prognun ex pansion in prcviou years.

APPENDIX

TABLES

LIST OF TABLES
I.

II.

III.
I V.

VI.
VI I.
Vlll.

I X.

X.

X I.

XII .

XIII .

X I V.

XV.
XVI.
XV II .

XV 1II.
X TX.
XX.

XXI.

X X II .

XXIII .

Page

E xp la nato ry No tC's
________ _______ ____ __
Num be r of P e rsons Employed o n \V P A Projec ts, Week ly, Au g ust l 935- .June 194 1 _ _
Average N umbe r of Perso ns Emp loyed o n \VP A Proj cts, by S tat.e, S mi a nnuall y,
_____ __
__________ ___ __
D ece mb .r 1935 J un 19.J0 _
A vc rage N u m bN of P rso n,- Em ployed 011 \VP A P rojec ts, by State, Q ua r terl y,
Se pt em bN 19-10 J un e 19H
_ ____ ______ ____ ______
N umbe r of Perso ns Employed on Projec t.s Ope rated I y WPA , by S tate and b:,
_____ _____
i\Taj or T y pe of P rojec t . J un 25, 194 1
A,·eragc N umber of Perso ns E mpl oyed o n W PA Projects Ope rated by Oth e r
Fede ral Age ncies . b., S t.ate a nd by Ag:e nc.,·, J u nc 194 1
_ __ _ __ _ _ __
H o urs a nd Earnin g;; of Per,ons E mp lo.Yed on Proj ec ts Operated by W P A, by
Stat e, Selected P e r iods ____
__ ___ _ __
m o un t of \VP A Fu ncl s All oca ted , bligat d . and Exp e nded , by Op r at in g ge nc.v ,
t.h ro ug h Ju ne 30 , 194 1
Amo un t of \\' PA Fund Expe nd ed for P rog ram . Operat ed I y \VPA a nd by Ot her
F edera l Age nci es. by Operat. ing Age ncy a nd by Fisca l Year , t h ro ugh J un e 30 ,
J 94 L _
_ _ __ _ _ _ _ _
__ _ __ __ _ _
Amou.nJ, of WP A F un ds. E xpended f r Prog.ra 1.n s Ope rated by \V P A aud by Ot.hc r
F de ral Age ncies. b.,- 't a t e a nd b.,· Fiscal Y ea r, t h ro u gh J un e 30 , 19,1.L ____ __
Am un t of W PA and Spo n::;o rs' Funds Ex pe 11 d d fo r N on\a bor Purposes o n
P rojects Ope rated by \\' PA , by T y pe of Purc hase o r R e nt a l a nd by So urce of
Funds, C umu lati ve th ro ug h a nd \ 'ear End ing J un r ~0 , 19.Jl
___ ___ ___
m o un t of \Y PA and Sp o nso rs' Fund E xp e nded o n Projec ts Ope rated by \V PA,
by T y p of Proj ec t , by So urce of F u nds, a nd by Obj ect of Ex pendi t. urc, C umu lative t hro ug h J un e 30, 1941_ __ ___ __________ __
Am o un t of \YPA and p o n._o rs' Fu nds Exp nded on Pro jects Opc rat cl by \V PA ,
by T y pe of P roject, by Sou rce of Fu nds, a nd by Obj ect of Exp e ndi t ure, 'fear
Endin g Ju ne 30. 1941_ ________ ___ ___ ____________
________ ___ __
Am o un t of \YPA and Sp onsors' Funds Expe nded on Projects Ope rat ed by \YPA ,
by St a t e. by So urce of Funds, a nd by Obj ect of E x p ncl it urc , C umu la ti ve
t hro ugh J un e 30, 1941- ___ __________ ______
Am oun t of W PA a nd Sponsors' F und s E xp e nded o n Proj ec t. Ope rat ed by W PA ,
by State, b.v ou rce of Funds, a nd b y Obj ect of Ex pe nditure, Year E nding Jun e
30, 194 l ___ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ _
Am o unt, of W PA a nd S p n so rs' F u nd s Ex pe nded o n Projects Ope ra ted by WPA ,
by St at e a nd by i\fa jo r T y pe of Proj ect , C umu lative t h ro ug h J un 30 , 1941- _
Am o un t of WPA a nd Sp nsors' F u nds E xpe nded o n P ro jec ts Opera t cl by W PA ,
by St a l e a nd b.,· i\ [a jo r Type of P roject, Y ear E ndin g J un e 30 , 194L _ ___ ____
Ph ys ical Accorn plis hm n t s and P u blic Part.icipat i n o n P rojects Ope rated by
WPA , C umu la tive t hro ug h J un e 30, 194 1 _______ _______ _______ _______
Selec ted Ac t ivit ies o n W P A ornmu n it y Se r vi ce Prog ra ms, by State, Selected
P e ri ods
Selec t ed Ite ms of P hys ical Accom pl is hm e n t on Co rrn tru ctio n Proj ects Ope ra ted
by \Y PA . by, tate, C umu lat ive t hrou g h J un e 30 , l 9°!L _ __ _____ __ _____ _
N umbe r of P e rso n~ E mpl oyed o n F ed e ral W o rk a nd 'o ns t.ru ction Proj ects a nd
N um be r of R ec ip ie nt s of Public As:sistance, by P rog ram , i\ Io n thly, .J a n ua ry
1933- J un 194 1______ ___________ ___ ____________
_______ __
Am o un t of E arnin gs of P e1" o ns E mployed o n F ed e ral \Yo r k a nd Co n,; tru c t ion
Project ,; a nd P ay m e nt;, to R ecip ie nts of Public As i ·tan ce, by P rog ram , i\ [onth ly,
J an ua ry 1933-J un e 194-L ________
____ ___ ___ __
N um be r of P rno ns E m ployed o n F ede ral W o r k a nd Com,t ru c t io n Proj cts a nd
N umbe r of R ec ipi e nts of Pu b lic Ass istan ce, by S t.ate a nd I y Prog ra m , J un
194 ] ____ _
--- --- ---- -- - - --- ----------- ---- Amo un t of Ea rn ings of P er. o ns ~: mployed o n F ed eral \V ork a n I Co nst ru ction
P ro jects and Pa) m en Ls to R ec ip ie n ts of Pub lic Assis tan c<', by S l at.c a nd by
P rogra m , J un e 194L _____ __ ___ _______ __ ____ ____ __ _____ _ _____ __ _____
95

97
100
102
103
104
l 06

107
10

109
11 0

111

112

11 3

114

11 5
11 6
11 9
122
125
126

12

132

136

137

EXPLANATORY NOTES
WPA L11tis ti('s prcscn trcl i,, this re por t rdatc
L ndiviLi c eondu ctr d undn ll1 P program from
iL i_nitintion in th e s umnw r o l' J 9· 5 through

Jun e 30, 1941. Tb c fig ures C0Vl'I' aet i\·iti c on
all WPA projec ls fin:rn ccd in wh ole o r in pa rL
with WPA fund .. :.l o' t of t hc, c projccL
have been op praLed by Lh e \VPA itsrlf , but. in
th e period beginnin g with ,Jul )' 1~:3 a fr w h:we
been op rated by ot her Fl'deral agcncit•s wi th
fw1d appropria t ed to the \rPA and :1 1lo('ntcd
to Lh csc agen cies. · n lc s oth cnvi • spec ified,
all tnLis t ics present ed i11 Lhis repor t cove r th e
contin en tal U nit ed S tnt cs and Lli c lcl'l'i to ri c of
Alas ka, H awa ii , Pu erto Ri co, and t he Yirgin
I lands. 1Jnn y o f lh c t a.hu l:1lion, rela te to
fi cal ye ar (July l throug h Jun e 30).
Employment Statistics

WPA cmploynwnl da tn shown in th e first
three table of th e a ppendi x rela te lo persons
employrd on all \VPA pr jecLs. T ables I V and
VI rel a le to emp loym en t on proj cct oper:ttc d
by the WPA itself , and Table V co vers only
emp loy men t on \\'P A project opcr ntcd by
oth er F e lcral agencies. I on e of the fi g m cs
bown in these t ables includ e admi11is Lr:1Li ve
employee or workers paid by p rojec t sponsors.
U onthly 1VPA em] l y m cn L figure have
usually been used in bo th th e appendix nncl th r
text tabl e l' Xccpl for cert:1in di s tribution s th at
wer e report ed only for elected weeks. Th e
m nthly t nli tiC's arc ave rage of the numbers
empl oyed on '\Yedn c day of c:1 ch week . Th e
basic W<' kly fig ure arc summ ari ze d for the
UJJi ted tat and te rri tori l'S in T a hi r I of llw
appendix.
Financial Statistics

T ahfrs YII , YI 11 , a nd i X are based ou re por L
of Lhe D cparlnw n t of Lhc Trca ury and rela te
to F ed ral fund s all oeatccl or appropr iat r d to
th r WP\. under t he ERA Acts of 1935, 1936,
19:n . 19. , 1939, and fisC'a l y ear 1941. Th e
daLn cover proj t op rati on and admini strn t.ivc cxpr nsc of \VPA (including admini s tn1 tivc cxpcn. cs of Lhc IYA prior lo .July I ~:39);
oth er F ederal agency projec t op cn1 tioJJ s a nd

a ]mini lrnti Yr rx pr n. r , f1n an rrd with allorflli ons of W PA fund ; tbc p urchasr of s urp lus
clo thin g for needy f) <' rso ns ,rnd a id lo elf-h elp
and coop r ralivc assoc iat ion. un Ir r the E R A
Acl o f 19:3 ; to rn ado reli ef und er th e ERA
Act of I 9:39; a nd th e sl'l llcm cnl o f p roperl y
dam agr clnim und r r t he ERA AeL of 1939
and fise:1] )'l'fl r 194 1. Som e o f Lh <' terms used
in llH"sc ta ble ar c d efin ed in Lb c following
p nrngrnph ' :
1. " Allol'a tions" r epresen t mno un ts di1'ectly
appropri a ted to th e age ncy or ord ered transferred Lo i l , warrants for which h ave b een issu ed
b y th e Treasury .
2. " Obligati ons," as use l in thi s r epor t
r epres<'nt n<:t un l or con t inge nt linbili tic incurred ngains l :dloea tcd fund s. Th e figures
arc cunrnl:1 livc and reprc t'n L paid , as well as
w1paid . ob ligation s. Requi siti ons for m a t erials,
uppli es, and equipm en t arc sr l up a obligations. It ems uch as pay rolls, r en ts, and
tra \7 el expenses, whi ch arc Cl'rLa. in to become
clue u1 a s hor t period , nrc obliga ted one period in
ad van ·c. 1
3. " Expendi t ures" rcprl' cnt C' hl'C' k issued in
pay m ent of pay rolls and otlwr cc r tif-ir d
vouchers.
Icilh cr obliga tions nor expendi t ures n ecessarily provide a wholly acc urate m ea m·e of
opera Lion nL a ny given t ime s in ce obligntion in
pnr t rd lecL future operations, and e~l)cndi turcs
lag bchin I curren L operation s lwca usc of th e
time C'O ns umcd in makin g act ual paym ents.
T a bles X to XV l , dealing wi th expendit ures
of WPA and sponsors' funds 0 11 proj ects op erated by WPA , arc ba eel 0 11 cln,La compil ed
from WPA project, led gers m:1,inlain r cl by th e
\'\TPA clivi~ions of fin ance in t he several s t all's .
Project Accomplishment Statistics

Tables XYll , XYJJI , and X lX relate to Lh c
numb r r of phy, ical Lmits of work that were
1 T'b is defirnt ion of 1 'oh ligat inns" does not C'orrcspond with th at usr cl
under th1.• n •Yi...,L·d acco untin ~ procedure Pllt•t·tive \\ ith fisca l yea r 19-12.
n<ler thC' ne,, proced un•, tht> d,•finition g ivt•n abon• a pplies to •·encum bra nrcs," an d thr term ''oh il l!a tioos'' c-ovrrn on !~ thos<' transa l'lion s
wbich IC'gn ll y n•st.•rn• an appropriation for f''\'.J)l'IHhtu r r
For it,amplt\
tbc ohlign ti ons reco rd ed fo r lahor costs in the fi s('a i y<'ar HH2 ioc ludt• onl y
ea rnings for c•o rnpkted pay 1wriod s plu~ nccrut•d t•a rnin i?s fo r in com plrtccl
pay J)l'rtods. in general. those n•c•orcled for oonlahor rosts int ludr only
\ VP A n 1 qui s1tions for which purch ase orders, bills of lad ing, or ~imilar

documents ban· heen i:-.sucd. .

97

98

REPORT ON PROC:RE S OF T H E

c·o mpl etecl 011 projN·(s o pe rnl ecl by vYPA from
Llw lwgi 1111i111-( of Ll1 c· prog nim through Jun e J 941.
Th e fi g ures sl1 ow11 for c rLain activ ili cs on
co nr11nu1ily se rvi ce progr a m s, h o wl'ver, refN to
(h t' ex lenl of publi c parli cip ation dmin g th e
rno nlh o f Ap ril 194 l. Th e data prt'St' nl ed ar e
limil ed lo sdecl ed items o f accompli s bm cn L.
Federal Work Program and Public
Assistance Statistics

Th e t•s linrnl ed tmclupli ca l ed lola l numb er s of
l10 us!'l1 olcl s :wcl p erson s, clif"cussed in Lh e section
on Fcckra l work programs and publi c assis tanc e
and prese nled u1 Table x.._~ i11 clud e bo ll, reli ef
and nonreli cl' recipi enl s, exclu s ive of admi11istraLive empl oyL·es, in tl1 e co11 l i11 e11La ] Uni lecl
Sta(,es who hl'netit ed tmcl er th e follow u1 g
agen cie and program s: em ergen cy r eli ef (gen eral work :u1d direct rdid a nd FERA s pec ial
prog ra m s) finan ced i11 part from FERA fuJ1Cl s;
ge twral relid , including outdoor poo r relief,
finant ed from s ln( e a nd local fw1d s; s ubsis tenc e
gran ts m a de by th e Farm Secu rity Admini (ration ; Ll w Ll1ree sp ecial lyp es of publi t
assis (n.11 et' (o ld -,1,gc' assi (ance , aid to t he blind ,
and a id t,o depend en t children ) whid1 , fro m
F e bruary 1936. ]r ave been firnuwed in part from
Fedend fuJ1Cl s und er the Social Sec urity Ac t ;
Lh c C iv il Work s progrn,rn ; lh e ·w o rk J>roj!'cls
Ad m i nist mt io11 ; th e C ivi l ia n Conser ni,t ion
Corps; lir e Nationa l Youlh Admini s tration;
t h e Pub li c \Yo rks Adm i11is tmtion ; and a ll ot h er
work and const ru ct ion p rojl'cL of F Nlera l
agenri<'s o ll1 t' r tl1 an ..VVPA, P'iYA , N YA, and
CCC (h a( J1 avP been fuian eNI from fund f" n1t1d l'
avail}1,b le by em erge11cy relief appr o pri ,1,Lion
acts.
Th e es linlfl,((':- diffe r from th o e p ubli h e l ill
th e R e,10rt 011 P rnyress of th1 lrP.A l 'rogram.
Jimt 30 , J.9t,O in th ,1.t th ey exclud e cl a t.1 perLai11ing (o r<·gtil ar F!'dcral ro nsl rudion proj ects;
th e c d a ta 11.n' sh own separa tely, h owevl'r , i11 all
Lhc Labll',- ('OVl• ri11 g u1dividu al program s . Th e
seri es sh owll i11 th is r PporL as well as in Lh c
ea rli er pu hi icat ion s ex clud e r ecipil'll ls of in s t itution al care (wil h th e exeeplion o f Lran s ien(
reli ef includ ed und e r th e sp t'c ial prog rnm s of
l h e FERA) , s u rplu s eonrn1oditi t' (ineludirw
th ose m u.de iffai lab!e Lhrough the bmp plan

WPA PROGRAM

and th e direc t di s t rib ution . y. Ll'rn of th e urplu s l\ !ark ct i11g Aclmini lrn( ion), aJ1d rUl'al
reh a bilil at ion loan mad by tl1 e Fa rm Sec uri ty
Ad mini trn.Lion; th ey also exc l11cl
p e r ons
benefit r d by th e lm employ nw n L co mp ensa tion
a nd old -ag-e and . urvivo rs' in s ur:1,11 c·c' progr a m s
o f lh e !-,ocial ec uri ty a nd Railroad R etin•m cnt
Boa.rd .
Tl w mon Lhly fi o-me on aggn'gatc p ay ment
ma.cir to th ese r ccipirnt , whi ch a rc prese n ted
iJ.1 T fl hlc XXI , wer e ob lain eel by adding th e
a m o unt reported or est im a ted fo r th e vari ous
progrnm s. Th ey exclud e admini s lraLive co ts
and m a l e ri al, equipm en t, an d 0 Ll1 e r n onla bor
cos ts u1 cid en t to proj ect op eration s.
Jn ord er to aniv e at t h e (otn,1 number s of
hou s(' hnld s and p erson , it wn . neetSsn,ry to
m ,1k<· seve ral ty p es o f adju s tnwn L. Basic
reeipi<"nt data report<' d for Lhr majo ri ty of
programs correspond fairly elosely lo t h e number of househ olds (famili es a nd in glc persons),
but, for cer ta in progrnm s, r eport d r ec ipi en t
datn \\'l'l'L' convert ed to a ho usL'h old 1 a is . Th e
numh t' r o f p ersons b en efitrcl , includin g clependenl s of fnrnil~r head s, wn n ' porle l m on Lhly for
on ly a few of th e programs; dat,a for o Lh er progrnm s we re es tinw,ted from info rm nLion :waila.blt' from sp c'eial r epor ts and sa mpl e s Ludi es.
A ll ow:111ct'S wer e m ad e for dupli cation b ecause
sonw housl'h old and persons ben efit from more
Llrnn 01w p rogram in t h e course o f any given
mnnlh . Dup]i ('at ion b etwe en progrnm is ome(irnl'>- (('c lrni cal in nature- a r es ull o f Lhr fa t
(bnl 11 ss is t:rnc·c' or work nrn y be pr ov id c·d d uring
part of n month und er n e prog ram n.nd during
tlw l'l'maind l'r o f t he ame month und e r another
prog ram . Thi s typ e of dupli ea tion h a aLtaincd
impor krnL proportions a t cer tain times, a , for
ex nmpl <', in t h e fn ll of 1935.
Umlu p li e:iled toLals o f hou sr hold s and of
persons 11rc' rou gh a pprox imal ion s whi ch are
pn'SPlllNI on ly on a nat ion -wid e ha i . Th e
a ll ow11n<·es for dupli cation in rwn rl y 11,ll in s tan re,
Wl'l'l' hn se d on sample informati o n wh ir h i not
adl'quau, for m nk ing ad jus tmrnl s in tota ls for
individual L:tll's. Fig ures for th r counLry as a
wh ole nr e no L suit ed for use in n,dju Ling s tate
fi gures beca us r o f th e exis ten ce o f wid e variation
u1 ( he t'xlen t o f du p li ca tion a mon g t he di fferrnt
taLe . U n<lupli cat d tatc total con equ entl y

APPE

lHl,vr not h ccn d eveloped. R ccipien L dat a for
individual progr am , ho, e,·e r, ar
hown by
stat , for Jun e 194 1, in T,,blc L'CU .
Th undupli ca ted e Linrn Le w er e p r epared
jointly by t h e OC'ial N·u rity Board and the
WPA. Duplication with in the Lhrec special
typ
of public a sis tancc (olcl -:, ge assis tan ce,
aid to the b lind , an d aid to dcpend<'n t ch ildren )
and b e tween t he c progrn,m and gen eral rel ief
for month subsequent Lo Jun e 1936 was c Limated by th e Social Sccurit_ Board . All other
adju tment for clup li ation were prepared in
accordance with m c tbo I d eveloped by tb e

DIX

99

Di v i ion of R (' <'il rc h rtnd tl1e Di vision of Stati Li es of t li e WP A .
T h e ·overage of the bas ic s LaL1sL1cs on tb e
number of rcc ipi cn L and amount of payments
to r ec ipi ent for each of Llic Fedentl work and
public ass is tan cr program s, which are s li o\vn in
Tables X..,'[ Lo X.Xlll , is iJ1ClicaLed in the footnotes to tl1 c table . All fi g ures relate Lo th e
contiiwntal United States or iL poli tical s ubdivi ion a nd , unle oth crwi c p ccif-ied , r efer
to t he calendar month . Th e source of the
has i<" s ta Lis Lie , un less otherwise sp 'cifi ed, is
Lh c W PA.

T ABLE 1.-XU~IBER OF P ERSONS E11PLOYED ON WP A

I--'

PROJECTS

0
0

WEEKL'f, AUGUST 1935-JUNE 1941

Month

Year ending
June 30, 193S

Year ending
June 30, 1937

Year end10g
June 30, I936

P rojects
P rojects
Projects
Date !operated by Date operated by Date !operated by l Date
WPA
WPA
WPA

T otal

I

Projects
P rojects operated
ope rated by by other Date
WPA
Federal
agencies A

T ot a l

Projects
P roject s operated
operaterl bv by other Date
WPA . Ferleral
a_g eocies A

Total

Projects
Projects opera ted
operated by by o ther
WP A
Ferleral

a~en-

cies

I

A

1940

1939

1938

1937

1936

1935

Year endine Jurn· 30, 1941

Yea r ending J u ne 30, 19-10

Yea r ending June 30, 1939

i:O
Ju ly
July
July
July
July

----------------1

3 ------- - - - -10
____ ______
17
--- ----- -24
_______ _
31

2,240,085 '
2,232,917
2, 24(1, 223
2, 2 IU, 357
2, 2fil, 056

I
8
15
22
29

,
14
21
28

J

1,71 1,585
Lf.52,2~3
I, 592,129
1, ofi,, 817

6 1 2,937,489
13
2,983,107
20
3. 022. 103
27
3. 053, 327

2,853, 129 1 84,3n0
2,8V8,597
84,570
2,937,926
84, 177
2. 900,832
86, 49,o

5 1 2,388,080
12
2,289,702
19
2,250,308
26
2, 200, 195

2,358, 179
2,248,oll
2,197, 22f,
2, 1-13, 6fi2

29,901
41,091
53,142
5G, 533

3
10
17
24
31

1,607, i33
1,619,630
I, fi59, 455
I, 689. 731
I, 700, blfi

I,568,b99
l,57i,i29
1,613,434
I, 612, 089
1, fi51 . 406

38,834
41,901
41\, 021
47. i,42
4\1. l lO

Average

= = = = I - - :: : :: : : :::
= =7•1= ====1==
.\ I
187,9Gb
12 1
14
21
219,,bl
19
28
252.739
26

Aug:u st
August ____ __
August

:::;::~:
2,322,094
2,350,750
2,376,565

I

8t:'f)tL'mber

Septemher _
ScptL•mhe r
Sep tern be r _
September

11

l =4I
11
18
25

~\ verage _

Oetohe r

2
9
16
23
30

Octohc r
Octoher
October

2UV,5-13
344.118
397,593
45ti,0 I3

2
9
1"
23
30

November . __
November ...
Novl'mbcr __ _

f,

13
20
2i

·105,098
l2/i,237
111;,721
181,516
50b. 441

I
8
15
22
29

2, !.o3, ll02

,50fi, 1\10
591, ·127
61\1, 09fi
i ll , 29..&

98fi, ,37

7

525,41 1

14
21
28

,558, 052
581,208

6
13
20
27

545, H25

2, .),02, 574

705, Hl9

Average

Average

2,332,3'>0

37'1.:ll6

October

November __ _
November __ ___

220,1G3

I,2G l,855
l . 623,696
1,925, 32,o
2,445,954

4

II
18
25

3

17
21
31

I,SI0,891

-

3.125,211

3,010,237

;,;;.. oo;

1,lnfl,3RI
1, 458,b30
1,455,170
1,451,112
I, 148, 411

7 1 3,197, 1,\\J
14
3,210,312
21
3,218,584
28
3,228, 082

3,l08,921
:J, 121,091
3, 127,757
3,136,505

08,538
89.221
90.827
91,577

IO

3
10
17
24

1, 150, tif;7
I, 157,029
1, 466, 925
I, 475,800

December
December
December __
December _
Average ___ ___ __

l =4I
11

18
26

2,563, 9%

t2,740,
1g~: 070
~~1

___ ,____

I

2

2, 3b9, 202

I~

u~1Jn
2,192,409

23
30

_ __ __ __ __ _ _2_,6_6_1._1_00_1-_-_--_-

J

2, 152,212 1

I
I~

22
29

26

8·1,ofi9
S.o,1 13
sn, 21x
85,122

i-6
13
20
27

I, ·187, 007
1,498,628
1,509,505
I, 519, 740

2

3. 363. 8 11
3, 358, 525
3. 345, 032
3. 318, %3
3, 286, 592

g
If,

n

I :: :::: :::

1

3.334,594 I 3, 2 11 ,!15 7 I !12,f\37

l =7i

3, 14~. 437
3, 0V3, 927
:J. on, 759
3,002, 241

3. 240. H77

3,185,821
i:I, 629,27
~~~: ~~1
3. 123, 968
~1
I
1
3,093, 85,5
28
l ,fi7Q, f;20
1,596,676

1------ 1

-

3,161,080

::~::: '.:;:
2,05:l,r,.52
1,97,,3%
1,b97, S\J6
1,812,230

::::::::~
1,99 1,7:Jf,
1,916,525
1,b3 l,717
1,778,175

::::::
58,81G
60,871
63,H9
64,055

!,U70,6~b

1,909,81>6

60,802 - -

l ,6fj2,447
I.69.5, 791
1, 735,580
I,790.IG3

1,603,275
1,633.095
1,61)7,836
1,7 19.872

59,172
62,699
67, 744
70,291

- 1 - - - -1- - - -1

7
14
21
28

-

: : ;:::: :::
1,708.239
l , G9,,978
1,691,307

: : ::::::: I
l,G5-I,0,0
I,!\12,796
1,635,984

1,701,512

1,IW,164

I I 1,690.101
II
1, 687,420
18
1,689,292
25
1,703.,·lb

1,1.\34,802
l ,1;31,328
l.G33,I95
l.M7.970

1--1-- - - - --

:;: ::·:
5l , lli9
55. lb2
55, 323

~
I

5,\, 302
5fi,092
5G,097
55,770

-1----

5,5. ,17
I, fi31l. 824
l====l====i=
So, 4~0
69,831
2
l, 746,704
1,691,
55, 121
72,965
\I
1,762, 672
I, 707,551
,5-1 , H20
74. 942
JG
l. 76S, Jf,2
1,713,242
51, 139
23
1,775,li-14
1,721,505
75,765
S4 . 1129
30
1, i7Y. 201
I, 725, 232
- -1 - - - - - - - -1
1--1----1---5t. 73~
I. 711, 751
1,801, 0li3
l, 760,-189
1. ,1.,,ii, 13U
73, 376
3. ms ..,r,; I 91,044 ,=
l = = = = l= = ==l = , - 53, 4.o.,
I)
1,824 , 11:J
ii, 034
I, HU I, 117
3,271, 39,S
92, 143
1
I. 71,:l, 179 1 I, 730,024
53, 474
I, 732, 132
Ti, 975
1, 785, 6or.
I, 92!), 219
I, 851, 21-1
13
3, 21'6, 550
VI, 975
8
53, !GO
I, 753. 6:il
I, 88:l, 825
I. 80fi, bl 1
l ,\IG0, 80f.
76. 981
20
3, 252, .,55
02,477
15
53, 105
1.
7fi8,
525
27
I,
82
1,630
I , U',i, 202
I. 909, 2:JG
Ti,966
3. '2'2:'i, 1)25
22
93. 3.08
I, 915, 3!i2
78,862
2, 02 1,211
:l, 1\13, G58
U2. O:l4
29

3,286, fil I

-

2,217,461 ----- -

2
9
16
23
30

:::~:

1, 720, 99G
1, G,\fi, 019
l = i = = = =l= = = =I
1,83 1. 1\12
I , , Iii, 361
4
3, 111 , 133 1 ,\1. rnn
1,875, 190
1,802,225
3, 17/i, 259
90,811;
11
I, 89S, li7 1
1,823,729
\11.377 I 18
3.2118.951
1,!J0I.702
1,825,937
3,253,623
92, 484
25

3, 233. 932
3. 2G6, 0,5
3,300, 328
3, 316, 10;

5
12
19

30
l- -l- -- - l --l - -- - 1- -1 - - - - 1 - 1,814, 9.58
2,55 1, 0·12

December

·1

- -- - 1 - - 1 - - - - - - - - 1 - - I, 155,977
3, 213.1)09
3, I23. ,\6R I 90, Ill I

I, lfi2, 605

2, -~Si, 301
2. 585, 107
2,5 19,077
2,482,681

: : : :: :-:: : :::=-=-=l_=_=_
=_=_=_=_=-:= 1_=_
=_=_
=_=_= - -- II_=_=_=_: : : : : : : :: : : : :

::::~::::
3,0l!1,7i5
3,03~.875
3,oi;r., 895
3,0b!i, 762

Augm:t

.\ v·erage _

:::: : :: : :: :: : : : : : :
:::~:: :::
3,101 , 3 11
3,123,9~8
3.153,113
3,171.104

4 1· : : ::~::~:
II
l ,524,lfo7
181,501,356
25
l,479, h3fi

-

H2, 2 10

91 ~94
91: 209
9 i, f;J4

I·

-3, 0G9, 341
---

91 , 739 ,--

I I, 9110, 518
6
13
20
27

64, 977

I. 692, MI

224 1

1-·1--1

1,746, 083

53, 299

523 1 1, 780,931
I, 803, 720
175
1,821,705
28·1
] , 828,024
395

51,092
51 , 155
50, .,i9
50,371

1, 8R2, 7,5 1

2,151,847

77, 7il4
·•-- - - , = I
78,493
4
2,011, ,\ IG
7b, 305
II
77,499
2, onri. 111
18
75,870
2,075, \Ji7
26

1,799,382

1, \J9fi, SHI

1, 832,
1,855,
1,872.
I, 878,

2, 123,43 1

2, 04.o, 8S0

1,859, 594

2. 075, 387
?

12') ~·>1

2; 1-1ii17o

~

0

1

August __

t.,:1

"O
0

Ti, 542

==~-----

1,808,595

50,999

z

"O

i:O

0
C

i:O

M

lfJ
lfJ

0

"=i

~

t.,:1

~

~

-0

;:,:I
0
,...,

~

;,,.

~

1941

1940

1939

1938

l93i

193b

:l!o111h

---S

2, 782, 252
2, ,-10, 214

13

15

2,'-.90,0!(i

22
29

2, 92,\, 1~)5
2, OGU. 5ii

20

2

January

..\ q)rag('

2i

2,:,;u, i33

=I
Fl'hruary
February

5

2, 9hh, :1i3

12
19
26

3,01,,f,.[\I
3,ll34,fili
3, 03fi, 852

-1
11

;ll art'h
.\larch
;lfarch
March

1,

I

2, 1':l·L ~:W

3

JO
Ji
24

I

211,\115,

9
16
23

2,160,20U
2,14i.liX
2, H 5. 5fi2

:u ;

1, H:o-i!',, 106
2, 009, I 15
2, 07.5, 192

2,\

021i, 42h
2, <J9I, 121
2, H5:1, 07-l
2. \ii , 637

,- I
10
3

2~
31

.-\pr,)

I

.\pril
.\pril
April

I,\

'

')')

1\ Jiril

§ii

20

2i

May

9

2,
2,
2,
2,

16

2:l

:m

-1.is,

:?<J

,1r,

2. itil, 155
2, H7~. 021
2. 1:1 i. 453
2, .liO, 3 1.5
2, 50 I, 1'92

nm,. 359

o,.s, 32'J
OiO. 151
059, 0-14

25

2. 151 , 21.5
2. 4IS, ·15h
2. 3;,1, ·161
2. 3:19, i40

ll
1:i

:m
'27

Juno ..
June .

3

I

10
Ii
24

2. :irn. \113
2, 293, f,25

2, 2i3, fl/i2
2, 255, ROb

620

'>
15

5
12
19
26

2,0-lfi. i :il
2,023.316
2,016.979
I. 999, 269

=I=
4
11
18

2t,

Ji

23
30

2, 2h5, 622

I

I, 9,~0. 23fi

I

I, 945, 796
I. 866, f,]7
I. 821, 151

8

l, 77R, 239
I, 87~. 008

15
22

bU , 553 I
90, 2f,2

2, ~7fi, 6HI
2. 8i5, i24
2,922,
2, 95,\, 022

2, 996, 554

2, YOi, 35H

3,032, 247
3, OOU. 253
:i. 011 ..,ss
3,00, ,994
2, 9~0. -172

2,U-l'>. li5

3, 009, 110

2. !120, Of,6

!)(J.'l, iYl

7.50, 639

,01 , 613
6-l<J.
635, 369
62<J, 314

2, 792, 3fi2

2, 67U, 04fi

3'.l'J
236
590
920
1173

2, 610. 0,2

2, f, ~!"), 5.10

2, 509, 87,5

2 ..;n, 349
2, 589, 7231
2, 577,675
2. 5.11, 418

2, 449, 189 -i
2,445,545
2, -138, 255
2,420, 741

7
II
'>8. l);j()
21
8,, 34.5
28
---189, HIH

ow

2, U2i , 1 I.~

2,926, ,~o
2,915,5!,',
2, SS2, 722

2, 60 ), iIU
2, fi2 ,\ i 14
2, 650,2%
2. (i H,22:J

2. A~ {, :ii,'l
2, 71 I , 7fi2
2, i 3f,, 01-1
2, if i , 014
f,, 931

l~I~

I

84,072
~2. 13,
,i. , ,55
93, lllfl
Yi. 7!")()

I

f,
l :J
20
21

5
12
19
26

,,6

7f)O, 735
752, ~2

2, ; 3r,,
2, 6f,O,
2, 622,
2. no~.
2, ,i9H,

3

10
Ii
24
31

----

7

14
21

2,

2,

2, i4 ,3.1125
1

s;,, 041

I

2, 457.901

l2fi. 2-li
27~
132,
l3i, 230
I-Ill, >,,17
I !I , 772

I

---

75,00S
71,(Kl9
il,400
i4 , 177

2, 30\1, 2 18

2. 23 1, 595

i4. 623

2. 323, 191

2, 2-1,, b9U I

2, 3 1S, <Jl4
2, ;J i 1..525

2, 2·1-1, 323
2, 23.5, 9fJ2

i4 , llOI
14. ,591

I

I27, a~4
0,2, 5-16
037, 2J..2

24

2,IJ!/2,lhl

IJI0,5%

15
22

=I====
5
12
19
26

15 513

lY

~~ _

R

2, 05\1, ll-15
2, 1108, MO

15
22

I, 070, 257
I , 9 11 , 9-15

29

I , (12.\, .5:l\l

I

,5
12
19
26

[--i

1, 7,55, 532
1

1;, 1\,5.~
li.:!;"1,5
Ii 133
41i , 132

I,

, :m, U9[i

Ii, 120

I. ,o.;, .1,2

I, ir;l, -1 :11
I, 71 9, :!,Hi

4fi, !;ii
IL t,19

I, 7fi:3, \ 9f,
I, i1ti. li7fi

' · iOi , ,21

I tlUl. Ofi7

I l, li09

I. ,;1;:1, , ,5fj -I

1:1, !165
11,569

I, ;11,, 1li5

=l=-I Iii,. i I\

I. 61i2, :lo:l

,~. :J55

9

hO, 4/\9
SI, 4,3

IA
23
30

I, 631,
I, GOH,
I, 5s 5,
I. 5HO,

lllli
75U
58;
24~

t,nn. :12.s

la, ITG

I, ,\JV,
1, 4Vfi,
I, li4,
I. Ifs!.

J',/\
H4V

I, Iii. 2G3
I. lf>i, 13,

200

I , 1:!2, 726

;jfi2

1.4n,.55ll

41 H22
42. 211
11, li4
40, ,12

I, I'-'~. !>9\1

I, I lfi, '*1 4

151. 572

84, 152
84, 574
Si, 132
'-'7 , f>.,fi

14

!

21

2S

'I

1:l, 1.15
ll 11!0
-1-1 . 07S
13, Ii!!>
12. f1i16

I, 5!Hl. lilfi
I,

r,,i:?, n., 1

I. ,\II, ',l,<J
I. ;)Ji. fl02
1.

-=I=

-

, .1,02l,--

='=====I=:=
4
81, fi1 i
I , 770, 2.,y
I. ~57. 90f)
I, 785, 2711
I. ii-I , 32i
I, 6f. I. 626

1=-=

2

ii, f),it.i

====i=I
I , 977, •173
I . 92-1, 3S8
I, oS5, f,S3
l,h!ii,813
I, :--i:37. l..i ,13

I'>, 2l,7
49. 027

I, 8,1, I 1.5

I, i 53, 2-14

i ,5, l',Q

l~.:m

Ulll.5l,5
1, "1,l.3i i
l,\3i,56f.
I, -~~I. 153

--1- - 5
12

50,252
49,398
4~. ,22

1,892.2 13
l,1>92,632
1,,,4,f,99
I, h6n, l,',5

--------------1-----I, 1~19, ,OJ
i9, ,51,S
2, 0f, I, 4,12

1 2, 144 11-111

l ,!IJ..\,IJ(jfi - 1. ~ l . ~

IH lfiO ,.
144 , lih
139, 120
130, 67i

2
8

74, 362
i4, 394
i3, 103
i 3, ,51 7
73, 253

2, 212, 233 1 i .5, 994

2,204. 4-111
2, !Ill, !JOI
2, 117, 741

135, l);/j

2. 438. 432 · 139. 609

2,2 12, iS<J
2,231,139
2.2-11,.140
2, 2m, 9121

:l
10
17

1---1
11:J,:llli

2. 527. 95h
2, 48,5, 3fl0
2, 46~. Oi:J

2, 1·12, 588

2. 235, ;J59
2, :J111, ,13!1 =====

JIU, SIU
I Iii. 91:l
121 , 32/\

l=I

2. 2lfi, 314

2.2~i.i9i
2,:!0ll,O lb
2,:JJ\,\1-10
2,321. OSfi

2. 2\h. 227

l,!I. 011

,-----IOI, 17'-I

I, 880,400
I, 8-'>6, 9-12
I. 593, 750
l. ,95, 3.SO
I, '>95, 189

I, 830, 208
I, b:li, .144
I , ~4-1, !128
1,\17,009
l.!,16,902
29
1--1--- ·--,----I , 841,318
I, 890,345
73, 726

2,085, 577
2,115,169
2, 148, 903
2, I iO, 935
2, 192, 356

2, 159,939
2, lh9 , ,563
2, 222, (IQf,
2, 2-11, 152
2, 2fiA, fiOU

----1----

l=I=

---- -------

2, ,5-10. 4r,4

2. Oil\, 221

l=I

I==

2, 96f., 202
2, U65, 9,6
3, Olli, G,59
3,0 13, 36i

I

----- --1------- - 2, f,lf 1. 2111
2. 021, ,5i9
2, 3Bfi. 719
--

A vprag('

l

22

50 1. 1,:i
531,:192
54 1, 0',5
5,l,,9i

14
21

b9, 935
90,191
90, 1551
90, 1%

3
10
li
2-1
31
1---1--1
90, 19 1
2,931,401

3,02 1, li95

b
15
22

21:l, h65
35H, 1,,77
3<J-I , :, 13

2,32 1. all

~

Ii
13

2

2, lfifi, 705

2. 12g, 47.'"l

2. 62fi, 36i

S l ay
;\lay
,\ fay.
~ l ay

2,
2,
2,
2.

2, 979, 997
2,939,574
2. <JJO, 007
2,895, 125

932
765
062

I

2.<Jfi0,31,1

--1
A,·pragl'

2,

148, 193 I
l39,4ih
133, 953
114,SOO
110. 9-W

3, 06U,
3, OW,
3, (X)I,
2, 9,5,

=I

I

2,003, 8-10

2, J,J9, 369

_

I=)

Avrra[!p __

I

4
II
18
25 I

I, Ru:!, !02

2. I31.0i9

I :3,

_\ n•ragt•

June

26

!, 71 I, 932
I , 767, 701
I, b32, I 1,
l. \100, 1125 I

l=i=====I==

3, 01\1, 098

1\ l arch

June

5
12
19

1--1--------"--•--

. \ \"(• r a{Tt.~

June

132,698
121,307
I 2<J, 2:,0
13,, 059

----- ---1--- ;--1---1--

Fl'hruno

Fehrunry

2,
2.
2,
2,

6

January
January
January

Jan uary

--

--

'v

t=:

z

;:;;

,...

~

41 ,W5

=·=

I, f,96, f,20
I, r.2'1. 137
I, .\s3, 242

88. f,,10
%, 190
SI. 384

I, 1-11. 93fi
I, 123,3 71
I , 110, 0.\1
1, :ir,,, 3r,3

I , 100. •"-' [1
I, 3s2, :l2-,
I, 3fii , !135
I, 327, ifi2

11,0.51
l 1.IH3
12, 116
Ill.W I

1,669, 5i2

85, g1;o · - - -;-:-410, 930

I, 360, i2,

11 , 2!13

11
18
25

>-"ti

1

• Financed by allocation of \\'PA funds .
B A veragc• for three weeks.

.......

0

.......

102

P l{O(: H ESS OF T H E WPA PROGRAM

RE P OH'J' ON

I

JUD ('

l )t·l't'lllht'f

Ut.·tt.·m ht.• r

l 93fi

1931i

1937

2,nG1. mo

2,285,622

2,247. Hil

4,.
IO,
IO,
121,
'.l7,

330
',i2
08
453
~107

32,926
9,529
30, 3 111
115,Hfi
2~. Mlti

:111, 3,-2
:-., 347
32, NI
!llfi, g:l\)
21. ''\i

Connt•rtirut

2;1,

i:.?2

23, 4ht i

2,415
7, 713

Ii, 934

Grorgia

2, h05
ti. 1\96
35,019
f..), i24

I~. 2fi~
2, 174

Ii, 1115

D<'law an·

fl, 524
2.1, 369
2.5, 447

Id aho
I llinois

Y, I,~:-,
lb4, 526

I ndiana
I owa

i9. 542
23, 5b0
41. 36(\

~lnlt'

Alahama
Ari1<m a

Ark ansas

California
Colorado

])istrirt of Columbia
Florid a

Kan sas
.Kc □ tuck,

Louisiana
M ai rw
M a ry la nd
J\rf a.ssar husd ts
Mkhi~an
.M innrso ta
~ f iss issi l)fli

l)r('t.•mtwr
1935

9, iH3

1'~. 772

ib. 41~

.~Ii. til2

411,222
211. 713
fi7, 3:i l
IO ..191

31. 3, 5

rn. 477

n.ofifi
2. 325
; , 026

:17~. 09~

Orrgo n

!,. Sl4
21H, 1-1 6
16, 212
3 1, 439
14 . ;;go

37, fi311
12,5H
174 , 2.12
Sfi,f,00

Trnnrssn·
Tc, as
Utah
\ ' rrm ont
VirJ;?i nia

45, f)Sfi
73 , ifi2
14, 1\3.1
4, 759
1~. ti72

\V ashington
\Yrst Yiqdnia

.~n.

1,954

fi, 71 l

·L ~\:.?

l ,)U, !iii

13:i, tl\17
,\,\, 333

6.1, :,.,99

63, 2U5
ll, •li 9
52, fifi9
120. "'.-\i
33, 022

ll;, 113
1,9:lfi
5, l,JO
24, Oil
24, 272

2-t,

u.:uu

Ill, ,21

JO, i9!1

4,1, 31,7

:Ji, ilfi

67,203

fti, 367

17, 707

2,1, 3i9
35, 3

Ill, 730

Ill, :1,i
lll<l,ll!lh
{ii, \lif-i
23, \Hi
211, 71fi

135, i37
47,345
19,093
20,374

I I, fi. 7
24!\, i38
91, i38
3 1,995
::l7, 126

3.

201.

rn,

:,go

7~. 31i0
27. 079

2, fil,\

7,237

,Ii, 913

45, ll0b

:H,463

3fi. 19i

9, fi25
G7, ti32

12,943
101', '~2

19, 933

43,343
8, 21,4
17, 811-,
!Oil, lfi4

24,
6,
15,
6:i,

Iii , 955
47, 11'8
2:'l, 49h

52. 130

45, t,Qi,
3\i, Iii I
19.2%
5(1, 3!12
13, 147

1:-.'1, -111

3,1. 074

-1-.., ti90

11)(1, 710
211. fiOG

110, hfi2
211, 9fi9

HI, li4:J

:!'.1,1143

:l'J, 032

2, 1\4

2. lii2
11 ,543
104, 570
l 1, Rfi2

71. 923
12, :,.,,

3~. ,172

20,303
ti7, 33 1

9, li43

50. r14fi

I ~, lifi l

22, 172

2,, 1113
19, 1125
13:i, 939
flli,92<.J

I, IIYfi
fi, fi3()

14. h9\I

11, \Kil

13, :iiti

12,032

234, 014
11. 26,24 . 9:,.,7

229, ~7.1

IH3. 5 13

1,5\1, I0i

10, ROfi
2.-t, 2 12
23, 7f.,\

II , 550
')0 •r.-1

11 .,n

:~-1. 717

61.

10, 98(\
12, , i~ti
14;-,., 729
fi7. 637

:m7

, , 1\43
lll. 14U
Ill, l\2(1
22h, 337
31i, , 33
13,320

251, 19 1

57, 004
15,593
26:i, 796

24:\ 77 5
fi5, i li9

71,609

3·1, 7titi

3 , 4ti'I
2-t . 720

i, 4fi3
3, 04'
19, 2()()

i, 020
3,07 1
17 , 'l04

Ill, 3 14
,\, 1159
23, ~94

5i. 909
112, %4
15. 028
8,642
32. 191\

27. 041'
42, 175

2h. 9-19

33, 1,,2

53, lll\9
3, ;;g~

42, 405
2, 3i0

'1U, °"lti2
2.°"1, 7Hi
3i, IU°"I
2, 3h4

H , ',li5
41i, 411
72, 726
4, 207

l,1,()59

b

2,538

I

' · ."3ti

82,\HO
II . 9fifi

2 10,:J H
1:1, :,.,79
13, , 32
20 1, fi(),51),

!liO

44,9,-i,
9~. S92
11. 9,4

'.?I, I 2~l
,'l2, H2

3,725

21-i. :?(Jb
l.tlf1l

17, 100
I 9,728
l fi, 108
13. fif- 1
15, 12,

24, 143
ii. 55tl

4. 4G3

1'14 .iliH
55, 1~.I
411. 3f,O
, 5, fi3!l
17. fiCJ3

19,672
268, Ii3
16, 99
46,671
16, 767

:~:~;ri

3 1,303
77 , 2119
, , Yti9

30, I lfi

lfi, '282
252,365
J.l ,8fi3
3 1, i55
l fi, i39

13: 883

,.. Data rf'Jlrf'~l'nt a,·rrag('S of W('Pkl~ t•m p1o ~ nwnt C'ounts. made during thr months.
I nrlud, •s 1wrs(1t1:-. Pmp loyt.•d on \\' P .\ proj('c·ts opnatrd h y othn FN lrral agt•ncies.

8

31i, 03,
4i, IF-7

12,\IHI

5-l . 736

104. 0-lfi

4, 7fi4

lfi, 724
2, i36

2:i,1100

30. 6' b
4,047
13. , 51
53, fi80

51, 91i9
32, 01 2
i. fifi l
12, ~ti~
99,791

12, 759
91,307

'W yom ing

lil,0'26

109, ll69
2:i , H,4

6~. ;if,3

IMl,3~7
21. 73,'1

43, 790
19, 594
2, ih.1

34, 523
5, 740
26,941
i5, 5il
Ii, 234

ii2, 5(16
33, 112
l-,, HiY

11 , Ut--7

211, 22,

!, 755,532

fi(I, 900
"· '-!ti~
42, U95
90, 1120
21,0l9

3b, 735
23, l\'.lfi
4 , 231

:Nii, 114
23, 177

30. :J7H

2, 123, 43 1

fi l , :lfi l
. 521
46,119

43, 472
27,752
3, t-\I7
10,977
,2. 3fi3

2'-.7 , ti-1I~

fi'-,9
l~I. ti.If,

2, 5i,, 041

211 , l ,\G
32, ·102

309, 24,
30, 42;,
~. h20
l fi3, R9I
M , 94,\

2

1940 B

f~l

??

' · 373

2H,

Juoe

1939 n

.";j". -iR4

,,M,

Ill. 3f,s
4,5 17

1', -1 57

222, I .It,
9-1,003
33, 73i

57, l>Oh
11,272

:-.0, Vi5

:1,.w,

Ii, 930
107, ,,9
14 , fi20
1:-., 177
2h. 5 llJ

ii9, fili

311. 30ii

l>, •t(.•rnht.•r

-I

2,091
, , 901

\\~isronsin

\ "irj!in l slnnds

20,076

3, 16], 080

45, '.!-12
9,987
31,, 941
95,003
2',, I LI

ill, 422

9. fifi.~

Alas ka
ll awaii
Pul·rto Hi c·o

l02, 071,

2, 7 43, 025

23, \131
6, 't-iUO
20, fi93
71 , ~f.i.~
"• l fib

~I ..120
7, 4tifi

7, .'lil

IO, , 9,

25, 9:i~
33, li02

7, s32
24, flfi5

Jun(·
D t..•c mbcr I
1939 II
193 B
------

1, Mlti, fi7fi

llJ, i M.l
I. ,,35
li,Jfil

15, 24,\
2. 2'-.2

"'t1.m:w,

rw Y ork
North C'nrohna
North Ila kota
Ohio
Oklahom a

Prnns, l \·a nia
Rhud,: Island
South Carolina
So uth IJakota

14 , 9 1 I
!Oi, 023

llfi. 187

ehraska

('\\ ~lt•\i"ro

46,688

36, 10,1
7,915

17 , 1135

,2.00:,.,

rvad:1

ti, ,11,9
157, 4.1 1
(i9. 3,"
19, hfiO
32, 402

~H. 200
49, 2fi6

Missouri
?\Iont nna

r{" W ll amp~h1 n•
r('\\ Jprsn

27,301
34, 4f>9

I , ,is, lltlh
123, ,!Ofi

Jun e
193',

1. 601

I

7, ,13,
14 , 79"
fi, 1109
' · 119:i
H), 174

13. 924
77, Ii i~

13, 17,\

~- i36

20. 1%
! , HO
6, 234

I. 7\/<J
fi, ,73
70, l2S
12,446

145, 146
3i, 466

15, 1711
12,252

12, 65b
158,605
IO. 952

3U. 1127

28,668

117,270

9,463

3b, 1'-l h

33,600
73. 24G
i02

92, ~01\
11 , fi3 1

4. 400

53, 9IO
51. fi02
0, i89
4. i39

3',, 4b I
40, f,J
f,3, 82 1
3,820

5 1,847
3, :ii 7

bO

754

2. 333

139

9,598
118,994
3i, 843

l fi, lfi!I

2:i, •134

4,0 18
I, 3fi l

5 . 511
9,024

154, 321
42 , 098
13, li37
140, 163
,JS, 031

2'1, 92:J

46
I , 345

9!0

67, 155
3fi, 674
25, 758
64,411

27, 124

5. 2~9

3, liO

i83
246
220

27. 1'01
32,929

120
I , i 55
II , Ol,h
1,271'

s.

3,
26, 2.19
23, 557
30. Oil
3b. 71 3
2..177

241

1.tii2
Ii , 35G
I, 760

103

1\PPENO I X
T ABLE TJT. -

Av ERAC:E

N

~IBEH OF P E R ~ONf; El\1 P l ,OYE D ON \YPA

Pno.,EcTs, HY

TATE A

Qt·ARTERLY, ~EPT l::.\1 1\ t-~R 19 10 J1 ·Nt-: 19-11

D,•1·,•m l){•r 1940

Sl·µh'mbt•r HMO

M ar!'h 1941

Ju m· 1941
--1--

Ioperat,•d
Projects

State
'l' otal

b, \\' PA

Proj1•cts

oiwratt d
1

h~ oth1· r

Total

I Projt•c·ts

cJ JH'r3lt.'d

hy " r.l' A

Fc·dt'rn l
agPnrh•s 11

PrOJ{'C'tS
orwr att•d

hi o ther
F('clt•ral

agencies

Total

f'roj('(·ts
Of)(•ralt•fl

I ProJl'C'lS

by otlwr
1' ,·dt• r al

O)l('rfilt•d

bi WP A

B

Proji·<·t s

Totnl

Projects
o pnall·d
h) \\' PA

a~1•ncic- s 0 1

opnalt·d
hy otlwr
Ft•d<•ral
la.i?l' fl ('it•~ B

-- - Total

I, f,92, 641

Alabam a

1. ll.1fi, ~24

55.~ 17

33,904
,,, H,i
27. J6ti

'!H!-.

39, 103
35, 3fi9

-- -

34, 202

I, ~S!I, 594 I, oOb, S9:i

50, 999 I , 7.13, 24 1 I. 70~. fii'.1

14 . 5fi~

1,4111.\130

I, 3H9, 727

ii , 20:I

:~Ii. ~liO

432
w:1

3'..!, 037
!',,h(.)f..

477

:..><J, 757

3 1. 702
!\, !\ Ii
2~.:{7:i

2. 397

51-i, hfi7
Iii, U39

5o,:!'.15
IH,OiO

335
91
3k4
1, 572
8G\J

ii, 9:ll
1,%9
7, !1()9
2!',, 372
30, ()61

I, Ufib
6, !\HI
24,316
•) , 913

36!\
I
I, 34,
l.05l,
I. 14,

3 1. Olli
!X,1'30
20, 280

5,992
\14,%5
33. ,gs
18, I\.J3
19, 486

45:?
.134
4G9
tSi
794

2b, 554
2,S, 329
I, 402
7, 257
!\5,·141

2(!0

I , 4 lb

4. f'i02
~- 172
.ii. 142

42,,
251i
51
7!\6
4

4i'> , h3
36, Y-11
2!,, •183
51. 87 1
1-, •115

18, 3!0
31i, 42h
2 , •133
50,588
,. 3,9

525

211, 1711
I, 23 1
4, ,20

19, 393
I. 210

41, 171

10, Olili

41 ,809
9, 658

101 , 919
311,302
£1. 91~
hO. 1170
32. 109

l00.3 15
29,223
9, 12.1
i9, Sf>4
30, hiO
b, i&,
90,:JOI
5,869
24, l\82
9. Oi l

Ar izona
Arkansas

r,. 523
27. 379

Californi a
o lorado

iS, i33
16,961

74. fl2f>

331\
21:1
4, IO,

l.1, k24

I , 1:l7

19,738

3\1, (HII
5, 9il
:14,!l!\2
i8,41h
18, 770

16, 445
2, i28
10, i i i

15, 404
2, i26
9, 183

14,648
2,698
10, 66i
34,636
11 ,99!\

14, 01 I
2, fi91i
9,204
33,349
40, lih

63i
2
I. 463

1. ,.:17

37 . ,1-17

36, 134

1. 2fii
I , 121
I. 41 3

','i32

b.025
123, li30
45, 4N-,
24, 23 1
25, 268

f>07
I , 256
83!\
312
1.0511

9, bliO
120, 9!\i

u, 215
120, 222
42, 243
23, 3R!\
24 , 537

645
i3!\
i24
2ik
I. 263

3b,ti59
27, Hfi5
6, 7r,o
I I , 206

36,207
30, 91\8
i,, 139
10, Si3
70, 09;)

34, N,l\
30, 108
i , 813
U.bOI
ti9. 277

' · 321
SI;(!
321i

78, 791

' · 530
438
288
1,650
I. 604

66, 1\35
43, 273
33, 716
6 1,730
IO. O!I!\

483
315
90
800
16

li3, b:J(l
4S, 3h3
35, 279
!\i , 097
10, 1'.11

35,228
51i, 34 1
IO, R2i

518
55
429
992
38i

23, llli

t\2, i65
10,829

23.ClUZ
I. 6i 3
6, 483
61, 7i3
10, 44 2

13 , 990
43,887
I 1, li94
IQ,, , il 5
•10, 38 1

136,70 1
42, 382
II , 2%
104 , 72
31,, i3,5
11 , ~72

76fi

12. 29g
141 ,957
11, 47i
32, 151i
12,241

onoerti<-ut
Drlawnn·
Dist rict of C'olumhia
Flor ida
Oco r~ia
Idaho
Illi nois
lndiana

Iowa
Kao sas
K entucky
Lo u is iana
il aine
M a r yland
~J assarh use u s
Michiga n
l\ I inn eso ta
l\Jiss iss ip pi

!\rissouri
M onta n a
Nebraska
Ne\'Bda

2n, 750

2fi, 417

35, 75b

33,806

J,tMI
2
I. S3 4
I. 3;13
l , 9,12

i,OSH
11 3, .130
43,h lO
19, l !\4
20, liO

6,033
112, 3i6
43, 05i
18,84 1
I , 98 1

1.112!\
I , 154
ih3
3 13
1, IXH

35, 03,,
26, 111
.5, 707
14 ,070

33,549
25,634
5.2%
12. 269
63. o9i

I , •I ~!'.

477
.JI I
I, ',01
I, 921

6,1, 610
34,997
25,016
56,064
i, 902

4fi9
20
7t\8
323

65, [) 18

66,201
35, 466
25,036
5€, 832

s. 225

20, rn;

Mil

I. 49/l
6,0<J3
58,606
9, 121

19,825
I. 421
5, 5il
57,451
. 850

59 1
7:l
522
I. 2 15

New Y ork
o rt b Ca rol in a
North Dako ta
Ohio
Oklahoma

14 2, 471
37, 985
!I, !\ IG
10·1, \13 1
35, i46

139,899
36,389
S. 909
!03, i63
34, 558

2,572

Or egon
Penns:, h-ania
R bode Is la nd
' o ulb Ca rolin a
So uth Dakota

11 , ., 49
154,195
10, 9G7
27, 204
~. 491

11,050
150,223
IO. 655
26,3 3

T'c uoessee

32, 171

T xas
L:tah
V crm ont

73.

3, 59.,
25, 0lf.

3 1,504
iO, 649
7, 695
3, 44 9
22. Ii i

6fi7
3, ! hi
ii
I lo
2,929

22, 2hi
29, fl87
38, b9S
2,492

20, 46h
29, 460
3 , 420
2,282

1

ew Ilampshire

New J ersey
N e w Jt. frx ito

\ "iqzioia

\V as bin12:ton
\V ('St Virginia
\\' isconsin

W yom in g
A la.s ka

H awaii
Pue rt o Rico
Virgin lsla nd s

h
7, 70fi

35
1, 49b
17,608
726

8.n,

1. 498
13, 148

r,, :lli

] , 70f,i

12-1, ~h6

46, 323
24, 543
2(\,3 18
40, 189
28, 103
i , 04b
12, 1'56
1,Q,445
6i , I lb
43, 588
33, ~Q(\
1\2, 530
IO, l 11

23,610
I, i'.lb

I02
34/l
417
3,290
968

3H, 7U2
5, H72
33, lk!I
i5, IO!J
20, ·189

I, 287

11, 170
2,,>M
9, 79(1
31.01,

29, H27

42, tl67

23, 1\63
2!\, 800

fl. ~litl
32. il2

i2.
il2
1\1, 8.13
IO, 642
2. ,,52
k, 523

(\3,

411

4,1, 127

a-i.2rn

23,281
1.1\53
5, .'411
53,344

II , 002

10, fi76

2,289
I, 505
399
9Si
I, 646

126, :J l9

12-1, ,599
40, 6i4
12, 400
95, 3;;,4
39, OH

139, 114
11 , 197
31, 44 fl
11. 66 1

427
2, .J3
280
i lO
5 0

II, 991,
121.7 10
9, 215
30. S~2

36,591,
89. 3h3
10,192
4, 090
24, 42!\

35, XH!I
hi,OiO
U, 7hi
3,920
21. 8fl(;

709
2,3 13
~05
liO
2, .,f.9

:!2.842
03, 3,,5
10,977
3, 92'J

1,82 1
22i
,17
2 10

23, bii
30, 421
44 , 11 8
2,806

21 , 995
30, 101
43, 65
2,603

I, 882
320
2.13
203

35

93
1.3,
30,3 16
I, 70 1

27 1
l .,'i~J{l

f,07
I. lfiS
I , 1~8

4U9

3. Y72
312
821

4, 460
72fi

G, 9 12

93

I. 358
25,835

4,481
I. 701

A Data repn:sent a\~erages of weekly e mployml'OL c·o u uts made du rm g the mo nths .
B Financed h y all oca tion o f \\'PA fund s.

I. 1\1,(1
,1, N,4

41 , 71'~

12, i94
%, 113
41,018

12.1)99

20 , {lnf'l

22,097
32,2 12

41 , 29i
2, 882 1
170
I. 243
32. ·178
I , 728

I

65li
5~

1,072

27

33
8i2
321\
I , 720

I.Ill
394
729

I. 9il

Ii, 444
Ofl, .119

:!<J, 14b

2h, 7:ln

11, GY2
119,566
X, 938
29, 450
12, 2i3

30!\

U,0911

2, 174
277

I, 132
42tl

9:1, o,,
I,, 03,
2.,.so 1
H, i64

32, 179
90, ~01

6G3
2,554

:!9, 44 9
i 3,

10, jft,1

2 12

3, \)()Ii
,~. 9(\9

'· 425

l ,991i

Ii. 3i8

J,t)fiti
215

lh, 366
21i, ~50
~o. 29i

11 9
170

20, HI
3 1' 976 1
41 ,082
2, i63
I , 243
28. Olfi
26

23

2J(j

4 , 4H2

1,702

Ii, f>~)

4 , t\fi4

594
40i
91!\
I. 701
52b
513
50

I , 283
26
7 3
21
15h
662
40,
1,60·1
I. 079
i93
h()fl

'· 239
30,
2, 717

169
I , 11 9
r,93

2~. 7 HJ
71. ·llii
"• QS!\
2, 1\1:1
15. 725

730
2,383
340

2, 242

15, 34b
2fi, 560
29, i 50
2,093

l.01 ~
290
54i
149

J.,
1, 031
:12. ss.,
I •l fi~

I. 031
:?h. 491
27

4,094
1, 436

,so

2, fi62

16!!
I, fi53

15

104

or-: PHO<:RES

REPORT

TABLE I V .-

NUAl BEll OF P Enso

WPA

OF T l-I E

PROGRAM

s E~ ll 'LOY J~ D ON P ROJE C'T fi OPEHATED BY WPA , BY STATE AND BY M AJO R TYPE OF
P no.11ccT

J t NE 2S, 1911
D1 v is1un or Op,•rat 1ons

tila lt•

Orand

RrrrC'ation-

Publi cl y

al rac-ilitics
ln 1ildiogs (t'\Cludin~
hui ldini::s)

ow ned or
opC'rated
utilities

Airport s

ll i~h-

totnl

Total

\\' 8Y S.
Iroad
S,a nd

Public

streets

nnd

,·ation
I \onsl'r-

E D~lnl'l'f-

SanitaLion

nirway s .

ing su r- 1 Oth er
vrys

- - - - - - --

1--

Total
.\l abama
Arizona
Arkan sas

----- I. 32i, 71i:!

-~. ,~,

:l l.111

Y03, ~40

1~: I

'2H. !Oi

2 1. 749

om,

:?"i, 171

.5 1,

Colorado

1,5. fi:ii

10, 7fi9

fi, '2:'1,'l

:J. ti.19
1.l(il
3 . .1 18
Ii, li03

l )t'lawnn·
Di , triC't of Col umhi n
Vlorid a
(h •org ia

!,'-\ti:!

n. :in:J

:!t,:!:12
2H. Hi,...,

ld aJ10
l llino1s
l 11tli nna
Iowa

,1, 7 11
!)l, i-:oh
~ I . ~\I!/

Kan sas

17, Ii i 2

Kentucky

2,, IOI

Loui siana
l\ l a 1111..•
.\ l" nr) land

2°-1, l ,"-i~

.\ rnssachuS(' lt s
i\ l 1ch1g:.1n

.\ l 111111 So ta
1

l\ l is:-; 1s::, 1ppi
;\ l iss,,uri
\ IOntana

".'\duaska

::--:,•,ada
N<•w .ll :.1111psll1rl'

17, lclY

4. 11>3
57. 40:J
2:i.0 15
12,928
II. R09

17. tll fi

22,:Hh
20, ,94
3. !03
,5, 2(i2

\. :!II
li, H.1fi
S!.1103

lfi, 1,41)

3!\, :!HI
21-1, 07f,
I!), UI I

2,.,\15

I

2V. H27
24, :l41i

18, tili,5

s. I.II

3.), 354
5. 3H2

1,. 11:!
I. ltiS

13, lh:J
ti3G

I , fi:!2

3,0:12

~(•w

JrrsPy
;\ ( cxiro

~u .... o:J
~I . :t-s I

2ti. I 11

'\J1'\\

NP\\

York

~lh, Iii I

~ cirlh C'arnl111a
Nort h Dakota

2!1, Fl:>1

61,.1111
20,919

Ohio
Oklahoma

iii, lifiS
:ll. '.!;{'.!

Ort•g:on
PPnnsylYania

,,. sso

Rh odP I sland

ti, )SI

'· t);,,

5,HID
2 1 2 1:1

12&. 686

5 1.41-1

119. 9711

fii , 987

2'>. 93b

14. 371
1. 8llll
17. 8ll l
9, 8(i7
.\. 39 1

:!.434
31,9
I. 8 12
G, 549
I , 828

2.17

!,HS
I Ill

'.!., h9:t

221

147
8 18
55 1

'· 71 1
' · 071
2, 710
I , 622

421
1. 55Y
108

rn2
:m11

440
.183

216
52

~22

JIG

539
135
~41

5. 330
10. 727

:l. \141
I. i44

79
3 17

I. 51l0

1. 7Ti

492
.\. 515
2, ~107
1. 8 10
2,032

163
8. 411
5:l!'i
421
I . :l:JO

2, 114
2, 95fi
21 1
570

12~
J,lfm

- - -- - - - -

C'a liroroia

Cunnt.•rt1cut

170,UI{)

7, ~f\G

•. ,, I

19. r~II\

21. 7tl3

0,02:,.,

li2. :!JO
3.:m ~

1.

27fi

2ti, 7.1()
15. 3~ 1

8, 0;)~1
6. o,:i
lfi,11!1

12. :li2
IISf,
1 •r_,'
Ill , 2 13

.

,s.:im
11. 113
10. 737
19, i73
2.1 10

i, U·l,5
233
~7fi
11 . 5IO
2.0:12

2-L -1113

-- ----1

7 12
49
37U
297
370

339
17

41

266
15

12
I. 041\
I. 332

(;:ll
57
1, 11;2

136

7M
:i,s
55
673
241

206
2. •1'\4
33
52

22

197

IHb

:i . 686

1,524

61
502

~~~ I

li~2

497

I, 936
4 57
74

28~
9;39

2
221

219

2, 135
659
3,398
2 13

2,082

I , 402
333
I, 6.12
44

13

4 8

-~ 7

---- ----- -1

792 1

25G

1·15

s. 283

-

....

,_

.146

I. 462
661
308
.15
? 6
131

I. 566

I. 458

26
59

736

---------- ---------55
624
17
39
140
69
50

-- ---------2

3
1,070
90

2,065
433

11 6
5
134
193
174

1-16

3 17
79
613
258

87

9
I
6
4 15
IOfi

41

:\ 5

:ms

13,944

366

60

41
\11 2
I, 829 I---- -- -- -5
2 17
20
62

1. 412

c ,

216
10

-------1

296

I. 274

(<'oo<:l ud ed nn lll'\t page)

420
I, .\96
I. 026
78~
h2o

I

21Q
272

2139

2, 175

fi. 377

82

1,375
1.540
2. I.lo
571
R7.I

49
632
22
47
l 7

37
19
331

22
32
93V
472

6
7
7
408
51

I. 001
61

98fi

134
5. 791

142

I. 332
I. 965
126
18 1
35 1

3 15
I, 726
2, H S
'· 101\
:1. 000

·16

11
42
225
397
411

195
378
3U3

321i
~. 96,'l

4. ,57G

754 1
7. 672

l.1
146

9,12 1
2. 333
1. Qg(i
293
40\1

II 7

,17
49
39
.1.32
I. 031

76
30

I, 109
Ii. 341
1.lfil

·192
47

54

137

I , ati2
I, 406
357
'.!, 235

390
,10 1
I. 99G
28

Uti.1

Pu,•rto Rico
Virgm Islands

722
2, 7
·1.044
513

1,(HI

6,397

- ·- - - - - - - -lol
157
116 --------------5
fjl)
60

13,50 1
2. 057
430
. 7HI
I. 094

1,556
977
2. 755
270

1. 11r,r1
~-.: . fiOli
27

\V yo ming

I I. 050

2, 3:"l{J
l o. fi.19
i, 77a
53i

IO, 2;i l

18 ..1 1:i
), 246

il awa1i

I

•,oo I

4.1
1.007
5. 41 3
655

27
l00

20,074

\ \' as h inglon

172

fi 1~I
161
2:J:l
2. 19G
131

72

r1;-{!I
2, 071i

Vir~inia

5. 63fi
3. 620
022
4,83\!

S.37

2,\ ,

\'C'flllOllt

Iii
\, Olfi

I, 239
1. 929
171
I. !l()8
403

3.
I. 603
I fi
I. 135

14 , 770
~fi, 1:tr.,

71,

l l tah

I

5711
5. 873

3 13
1,312
120

\Vt •st Yiqdnin

Texas

I , 34.1
I, 4 1

1.4~
S.000
1, 152

\\' iS('U llS in

2\ , '.!ii

I , 690
1.03.1

14. 3 1/o,
2,. 3 11
1,RU•l
602
5. qrn

1. -12:i

2, 3~12
I ,\ :iS7

TPlllWSSee

2, fi l I

2,575
1. 042

11 , 24h

20. 34(1
ti , ifiO
5. ,, 3,,
1. 40 fi
9. 5S3

" · SI:?

I

10. 090

233
2,990
262
200
273

2 . .l,ll,

3. 2G6

Houth Dakota

11.
22
2, .5176
I, 308
1. 338
3. fi2!I

270

,7
2. I0.1

I, 75!-.
107
37,\
4. 4-111
2. 930

I&. 13:l
1'.!, 5~lfi
4. 21H
:l2. 33:l
13. JOO

17. U. I
ti , 3:J:l

Sou th C'arolina

768
3.
U4o
2.070
fi, 967
794

lli'>,'-,

7n

4. 910

I

28(i
5. 5%
fl9R

14. 959

187
134

86
155
23
414
30
33
50.,
143
203
I 4
30
30
•159
9
4
25 1

--1---------- ------- ---

105

APPEND I X
TARLE

1\'.- Xt 1 ~1REH

Of.' P1iRSONiS F.~tPLO\'f~ I) ON PR O.JE!'T>S OPER ATED BY
P 1wJ ECT Cone!uded

Jt

N ls

\,\'PA,

RY STA 'l'E AND 8)

M AJOR TYPE OF

2.5, 19 11

Dh ision of Comm uniL ) Service Programs

I activitiC's
Puhlir

Total

Hes,'arch
nnd

NaLicH\Hl
defense

Welfare

Other

r ~corrl.;

training:

,

----Total

:173, lb5

97, 776

.~rkaosas __ _
California __
Colornrlo .

7. ·li-1
I. 094
i. 007
18, (;21
4, I 3

I, 830
I ll
I. 055
Ii, :l86
I, 0 5

Connecticut

2. 3ii

!1i5

6-15

------ -

\Jabama _
.-\ rizonn ..

57, 22U

---

2 11 ,29 1

7:l[ - - 3.995
1:n
54f>
I, :!95
1, 557
2, 4711
\I, 537
547
2, 3 '3

I

14, 127

9 18

45 1
93

282
115
262
962
27 1

22

1G8

5,908
8, .567

156
4r,5
I, 5!i'
2. 1711

126
26
144
10
65

Kansas __ __ ___ ____ _

8 V
29. 05
7,634
4, (;22
5, 3C.f.

333
H. :1117
'2,377
I , 452
I. 273

46
4, 84ll
801
56 1
318

510
16, 123
4, 157
2, 4V7
3, 777

529
299
11 2

_____ _ _----------------------··
Kentu
r k--y _ _____
Louisiana
___________
________________________ _
l\Iaine
-----·-·-·-------------------------------·--1\faryland _____ ___ ------------------------------------1\[assac husetts __ . . -· ____________ __·-···- ________ . _______ .

.5, 293

I, 122
I, 598
140
44 3
4,3 52

I, o:{7

6,063
838
I . 4111
211,l;r,4

l!i4
3 17
3,954

:i, 119
3,066
527
642
11 , 82fi

4,079
3, 11 1
I . 9·1 I
2,
4911

2, 102
I, 5b l
R7.5
1, 4 1(1
53;3

7,973
4,879
5, 261
8,543
I, 337

j\}~
(ii

_

2.

Idaho
lllinois_

__
_________ _

Iadiana _________ ___ _
________ ___ _
Iowa

!)j(i

----···--------·--·-- ···---·-·------------ _
l\fielliga n __
l\linnesota _____________
-------·-------------·-- ___ _ _
l\lississippi
___________________________________________
l\fissouri_ _______________ _
l\fonta na__
________________________ _

11. 2il

N e hras ka ____ __________________________ _

4, 763
4iW
I. 308
12,927
I, 275

l\'cYa<.la __
_______ _
!\'cw U1mpshire. _ .. -----------------·-- ____________ _
New Je rsey

_____________________________________ _

New !vl ex ico __________ --- - -------------- ---- ------Ne"~
_ _ ___________
--- - ------------- ----------------- -- ----_
North'fork
Carolina
____________________________

North Dakota. ______________________________________ _
Ohio _____ --------------------------Oklahoma ______ -----------------•--- _

Y. 7~3

~- 222
l'J. 152
2. 3r,o

I

ux

l,4<111
15-1

I, :~VB

J\',5

11:,

3, 468
3411

2, 87,I
10\J

2, 21 I
269
9
6,574
82fi

24. 272

9,607
2, 273
725
I\, 2bl

, ;,31

l. 7 9

i , i~O
fiU3
2~8
3, il2il
73!)

12, lill5
4, 45-1
V34
13, 744
6. 01\3

270

91 '
14 , 258
I , 270
•1,354
I, 296

30, 002
~- 1 6
I. 979

8Vl
671
0211
67
371i

703
4. 3IO
490
I, 378
676

51 !JY-1
2.1 , 7111
1,585
92·1
5,631

I, 132
:;, 124
590
300
I, 403

\\·asbini:.i; ton
______ ____________________________________ _
\Vrst , ·irgi nia __________ _____________________ __ ___________ _
\\' is('onsin _________________ ___ ____ ___ __ _______________ __
\V yorning _ __________ __ _______________ ___ _______ ___ ______ _

3,897
4,980
, 066

I. 200
I. 6·18
2,445
216

2,392
76

2,250
2, 67
2,50 1
434

Hawaii
Puerto Rico
Virgi n Islands

73
3,2 18
27

53
224

9
15 1

2, 843

OrCR0ll
____ _________________________
----------------·----------Pennsylvania
_

Rhode Isla nd __________________________________________ _
3ou tb Carolina __ -------------------------------------'outb Dakota --------------------------------------- __ _
'renoessee __ ______________ -------------T exas _ ___ _________ ___
--···-·---l'tah __________________ --•-·-· ____ _
Ve rm ont_ _________ _
__________________________ _
\ ·irgi ni a __

I,
21.
2,
5,
2,

726

3. 1172

259
135
403
837

2, 277
192
23,,
7 11
431

371

4,0 17
1-1 , 340
803
369
3, 144

-- ---36,910

I, :J57
406
I, 150
3. 726
5. 051

District of Columbia
Florida __ -----·
Georgia __ ____ ___ _

__

7, H,V

319
57
827
6 14
I. 275

Delaware _

Other

Yocntional

89
3,315
314
149
200
34 1
44 5

7G6

70
17
69

296
496

, ::: I

97
787
3 13
225
62

15

5-58
728

17
8
532

162
I, 324

235
503
18
16-1
120

117
139
139
:JOI

2,057
5-13
1,077
917
87

385
6 17
Ill
488
315

314
12
10
II

190
3
l fi-1
3b2
105

297

766
32
6 15
2-13

2. 901
2m

31

1

907
141
373

!HJ

30
28
353
85

I

2,244
352

1, 760
227
37
543
253

5 13
2,898
121
26,
57

67 1
200
144
46

72

14 6

8

l, 624

20
373

1,5%
5611
43
273

289
3 18
33
19
100

436
622
1, 729
94

186
459
281
10

2
508

L5
3 17

16
88
728

II
27

I-'

PROJECTS OPERATED BY OTUER FEDERAL AGENCIBS, BY STATE AND BY AGENCY A

TABLE V. - - AvER A<1E ~U .\ IIJER OF PER:-; ON~ EMPLOYE D ON WP A

0

0)
Jt' NE 1941

l>rp:1rtment

or .\gn c·ulturl'

Ento m o l-

O ran<!
total

State

-

SOI!

o~y and

Con-

Forest

Plant
Quaran-

Total

Srn· icC'

tin e
41. 203

tion

.\l ahama _____________
.\r izona
----------\rkan sas
--- -----Califnrnin

roJora,lo
Connec·rirut
lklawnr1•
Dis trict of Columhia
Flnnrla

n<'or~ia ___

-----

Idaho
I llinois _

l ndiana __::-- --- -lowa
------------Kansas

K• •n l ucky~
Louisinna

i\latn<'

--------------- ----

i\ l ary land
,\f assal'hu setts

--------

~\I iss iss i1,pi
i\ 1issou r i
,\ f ontana

Nehraska
N e vada
N"ew lf ampshi re

Nrw JC'rsry
N'C'w l\frxico
New Yo rk

1!12

531

mu

---- --

Texas
lJtah
\'(•rm ont
-- --Virginia
11·as hing1on ________ __________
\\'pst \'1r~inia _______ _______

-- ---

---,----,--21 l
HI
311'
ti[H

48
2

15
357
15-l
138

:;:;o
138

32fi
21~
2/ili

66
142

3'11
130

212

I lh

rno

l~i
79-t
,\94

1,0
.iifi

130

llli
2011

111
99
,57

9 15
I, ,01

son

Rhodr ls lanrl
Routh Ca rolina
South Dakota __ :

fi, 21fi

lfiO

I, 239
308
2, 717

Prnnsy lvania

.\ la s ka
PuPrtO R 1ro
Virgin Is land s

HI
3-,4
l,f172
c'\GH
3r,:;
I
I. 34;,
).flf>fi
I. 11,

1, ti0I
I , Oi9
7D3

No r th Ca ro lina
No rth Dakota
Oh io
Oklahoma
O rr~on

\\'isconsin
\\' yomiog

335

:;2,
:,13
,\0
I, 2s3
2fi
;~3
21
1:;r,
fif,2
108

.\ I ichigan
.\ I mm•sotn

T(1 nnessee

:--

2i

15
4, 094
I. 436

32

6i

m1

47
1;
7l fi
21
89
380
399

22i
142
225
505
54
29

Otlw r

Stntistics

n.in

35
160

2~ 1

35
86
4-17
i2
75
115

41
36
4
111

65
81
73
75

25
<Ii

145
97

22

fi7fi

4,533

--

3G2

121

3

I

35

1

3

157

33
96

anrl

3,\
li3
351

8
2
I
1
78

--- ------

ur y

Doeks

--

- 5, b.5f>
121

122

Mfi

35

f, J,\
21
II

66

573
9
66

rn:i

227

66
43
9

Ii
78
380
9

9

571
58

5-~(I

176
883
3IO
169

Servi ce

Park

Lahor

98

2•13

I

I. 316
31
14
39

115
196
169
204
20
148
406

------

I

611
2.\
4:;9
02
14

10
87
48
172

19

552

12
108

19
35.'1
33,~

12
329
2

23
92
17
97

30

17

34

'.T -- --is-

35
791
88
59
78
15-1
465
6R
140
33
367
13

:::::1
-- - ---

404
19

6g __ :::::: _____ '.'. _,
39
20 ---- - --15
1
628

----

tinn

fi,\

Engineers

919

---

JO.Ji()

I

mas tn

-

314

314

rm

18

139

122

iO
I~

391
52
43~

·----

l 14
122

68

128
499
115

146

458
197

3
2

26
242
1, 109

2
3
75

75
14 5
97

10

482

5

4

9
fifi

1--

1

----

6fi
43

80

115

22
3

69

391
52
43~

450
r,95

90

73

CIPS

-1---

9.391

7

I

agP O-

C orps

779

----

13
19

81

91

Total

Qua rte r-

-

98

72

7.J '
I
I

Oth e r
Co r p s o f

~ I- -- 1--

5
2

115

------

-

8, 189

47

f,\)0

f,8

Sen·ice

-------

09
26 1
27,1

fi60

547
149

136
12

31i3
391

I, 11 9
693

2\!0

40
30
82

540
23

242

---

45
122
31

12
2

I, 330
14

730
2. 31-3
3IO
11\9
l, ll.53
1,018

I

--59
38
241
82
25

45
lfi4

[f,9

National

--2, 12H

JOI
,\I
92
21 5
37 1

16ft

IH6
f,98
31fi
fi:ll
142

Fis h a nd
\\'1ldhfe

DepartD e part- Vetrr •
m e nt o f
nns '
ment
mt:nt of the
Navy ·
of th e .\ dminLabor
Ya r d s
Treas- istra D e part-

St•rvice

fi. 549

15, 135

Total

Othe r

SC'f\'8 ·

Total

\V nr Drpa rtme nt

D e partment of tlll' lntt.>rior

------

68

--

I 14

10

122

5

C
C
;,:i
t=j
(/]
(/]

8
20
21

24

24
785
:io
r,5
114
441
f,8
140

JO

123

3

22

713

20

6
4
3
92

107
9-l

--1

-----

------

95

15

12fi
II!,

126
118

108

---------

317
132

I

40-l

28

767

I

-----1 ----

606

3
5

II --15
fi2~

• Data re present tho ave rage of weekly emp loyme nt co u nts mad e du rm g the month on p ro ject s financed by a ll ocation of W PA funds.

181\
1, 4-11

--- ---

- -----

-----·--- ------ - -------1--··-

762
108

2f>.l
2-19
51
20

- - - - - - - --

------1

-------- ----

I. 444

~

31

254
249

2

20

17

3, 257

46

56
3,257
700

700

0

9

---

--- -----------

-0
;rj

0
;rj

12

I

12

317
432

>

4
7
1

209
7
-

19
11

j
~

95

209
7

621
80
898

1

367

"::j

-0

1
3

33
13

0

t_,J

15

9
II
fi
49
50
13

0

z

)lo\7

---

15

iii~
>;:;
;rj

45~

3

t::1

~

6

121,
499
14 5

JO

;rj

>

APPE

J.

TAB l, E

Ho

RR ANO

J,:A R N l Nr.f' OF p~~ lt RON ,

E~1PUJ, ~; D ON PROJECT~ OPERATED UY

SELECTE D

Cumu lalive through
J1111 e30. 19·11
_

____

Year cnrling Ju ne 30, 1939

Earnmg_s _1__I_I ours

l l m 11s

I

-

Eorntnj.!s

u. 034, 203, 633

3, 717, b08, 967

$ 1, 87fl, Hltl, I 1-1

100. S07, !iOO
29, ,132, 197
84. 150,%2
405, 985, 588
88. or,r,, r,M

I, 36 1. 062
11 , 420, r.02
69, 527, 404
126, 38 1,0 6
31,673,853

24 , 49:J, ,592

32.1. -179, 8 I ~

87, 671. ·127
9. 32(i, ,183
33,866. h73
94,63 1,592
104. 092, 819

ii3, i-17, 547
I, 228,757,30 1
,o0-1, 35 1,484
18, , 557,317
2:38, 457, 485

Kentu cky

:in. 898, s;2

Louisiana

270, 785, 05(i
:iH, 810, 70-1
IOfi. 78•1, 3.5.S
684, 16 1, f.03

Tota l

Hi, 8115. I 79, 744

Kansas

18,49 1,33 1
19,757,4 15

28, 453, li33
605. 794 ,8 13
241. 097, 383
84, 733, 731
92,921,891

12,225,316
288, 733, 839
11 2,731,301
3K 931, 520
,1:J. oori. 775

5,819, ·l i7
153, 276, 128
5S, 79-1, Jfi6

723
62 1
175
.J43
220

5. 800,646
107, IO!i. 056
36,67 1, 422
l4, fi34, 029
13,979. OJ

10. urn, 932
I 09, 794, •166
f, ], 29 1,939
3 1, fi70, 706
32, ~99, 774

5,067, 305
8 1,2 19,92 1
27, 02,5, 750
13,950, 652
13,9 19,039

IL , 166. fi9~
99, 534,675
24, 380, \Jifi
44, 945, 827
402, 44 3, 336

W, 141 ,040
6 1,883,069
13, 529, 23

31, 274, 983
22,863, 139
5, 3h9, 139

2 1,086, 781

8, SiO, U-10

04, 3 14 , 0%
4i, 098, 126
JO, 56 1,937
18. 21 1, 55 1

11 , 469, 242

94, fi2 1. 022

-n,. 227

22,192,8 16
Ii, i32, 492
,t, 388, 710
8. 022, 253
03, ,182, 35 1

54, •l70, 5 18
40, 375, 138
9,659, 718
Jf,, 111, 649
103, 39.5, 329

I 9. ,o79, 094
16, 407, 270
4, 185,52 1
i, 499,600
52,550,608

, 6,5 11. 792

349,867, 544
194,56 1,397
73, 833. 874
244 ,835,0 10
52, 245. f>87

192, 308, 682
76, 964, 669
59, 728,092
13 1, 433.6 16
1 , 2. , 720

107, 41 8,839
46, IJ82, 340
I i, 309, ,\ 19
5i, 852,251
13, lfi3, 097

128, 479, ·IU5
64,182, 325
5 1, 370, 411:J
108, ' 62, 6 I 2
rn. 732. 207

60, 363, 236
2V, 907,472
16,585, 90 '
45, 70-1, 139
i, 795, 432

93, f,2-1, 081
5!1, 1120, 489
•l·l, 270, ,512
84,20 1,49 1
14, :i96, 777

45, 176, 040
27,6 16,34 1
15, 707, 065
37. 738, 709
i, 067, 256

192. I 13, 08 I
12,4 12,258
59, 305, ,18•1
:i94. 405, I 97
, l 2 12,7 17

79. i 49,9 1S
6,909, 458
26. 379, UH
323, 880, 269
34, 129,827

41, Tifi , 9-lO

17,570,3 17
l,ll~.128
6,490, VI I
73, 560, 989
fi, 81n, 135

35, 723, 361
2, 35 , 150
IO. 3 3, n;o
99,908, 2 15
16, 62,\, 239

15. 23~. 707
1.U5!l, 132
4, -176. 207
49. 946, 534
7, 212, 662

32, H O, 974

2,207.449
H, 063. 742
130. 223, 998
Ii, 157. 49

8, :i8V, 109
83, l02, 788
l:i, IHlO , 532

14 , 230, 100
1,077,417
3. 806, ,542
41. 9 10, 198
6,876,8 14

84,938,5 18
43, 676, 692
6 13, 151. 180
125,834,7 13

3UU, i l 2, 973
6•1, 154,272
16, 684. 64
3 11 ,680,766
3,1. 466, ;99

205, 267, 1·10
18,959,618
i, 969, 546
I 7(/, 17:i, 998
30,31 7, 3•17

220, 222, l 40
56, \/If,, .o75
16, 310, ,522
195,948,077
62. 782, OUI

123,365, 5 I
19,549, 14 6
6,500, 170
92,97 1,543
2 1,667,997

196, ,'J05, 237
54, 205, 795
15, ir.1, 835
14 :l, 2 10, 448
,5 1, 780, 000

106,516, 19 l
19, 746, 959
6, 463, 493
68, 1•19, 48 1
19, 103,929

109, 120, 108
1,498, 52, -11 5
100,209,329
263, 942, ·106
122. r.2 1, .120

58,583, 26 1
809, 734, 390
50,492, 95 1
80,782,698
48, 104, 252

21,197, 241
32 1,701.41 I
2-1, 049, 679
67, I 73,068
20, 256. 258

12, 2<J:i, 120
185, G65, 0 7
12, 985, ,584
18,622,093
8, 673, 271

19,922,986
21!, 40-1, 956
17,141 ,265
52, i51, 70,1
IR2,59, 715

9,975,294
102, 274. 031
8, 367, 553
I , 626, 707
i, 116,357

17, 3~. 882
193, 055, 258
l3, 983, 538
46, o!IO, 922
15, !ii6, 3

8, 973,
9-1, 013,
7,054,
LS, 788,
6, 288,

300, 322, 928
.o\19, 3 18, fiH
73,201,802
36. r,m, 1\1.1
19:i, 338, 273

85, 464 ,096
196, 06·1, 970
37, 697, 3!)2
14. 63,5, 009
59. IOI , 261

72,002,544
I 28, 023, 135
13, 476, 752
9. 971. Ofil
39,972.54 1

L, 932. ! SO
41,201,619
i, 940, 738
4,03 1. 852
12,03 1, if,0

53, 85V, 307
11 ', 603, 109
14 , 4 l•I, 47,\
5,725, 472
30, 99·1, 240

272, 505
720, 227
835,082
370, 0 '
SH, 50

48, 31i2, •I 79
112, 1•11 , 200
13,85 1. 08.1
5,245,828
29,22 1,054

I 7,5 16,445
-12, 3·11. 730
6, 789, 996
2,284. OH
10,796,9 12

137. 20s
2&,, 433, 43
:l77, 104, 209
2fi, 13,o, 3 12

123,331,32 1
11 7, 70-1, 271
2IO, 5 13, i9I
11. 9,o2, if,,!

53,070,
53. 588,
, 3 . .IOO,
4. 978,

3 1.
25,
5 1.
2.

39,360,828
48, 294, 5.13
73,070,90 1
4,Ml,735

19,271.172
19, 725, 23!
33. 683, 123
I. 979,064

31. 7 9, 313
41, 848,099
,09, 520, 338
:J, 66 1, 7•19

16,012,045
18,738,500
28, 235,033
l , 664, 453

13, 587
20, 1172, 646
39, 567, ·160
,s..,09

7, 536. I iS
8,062, :iR6
21. 55~

2,564, 167
,5, 823,917
12,838

1, 08 1,428
I, 144, 55 1
15. 0 I

2, 230. 589
:l3, 743,549
15,67 1

906, 766
6,918,035
6, 477

270, 136,7 10

6\12, 875, 305
372, 173, 834

239,910, 772
58 I, fi20. 4114

N"ebraska
XeYada
New H amps hire'
N"ew Jersey
N'ew ~1 exico

South Caroli na

Tennessee ___

Texas _
Utah , _____ _
\ ~erm ont_ __ _
Virginia

\Vashington
\V est Virginia
\Visconsin
\V yoming

Alas ka
Hawaii
Puerto R ico
Virgin Islanrl s

52, 1{)8,1111

I , 686, 253
3,802,966
13,02 1, 9,51
44,832, 8:i9
5 1, 729,fi3 1

l\ ( im1 esota
~f ississi ppi
~fissouri
~ rootana

Sou th Dakota

$ 1. 28fi, 557. 336 2, 47fi, fi.'i l, 470 $ 1, 119, 7fi7, 819

- - - - - , - - - - -- - - - - - - ----

J3, 9 1 I, 639
I. 617,998
6, 50,5, 304
20, 197, 4
2 1, 88.o, 9,17

Michigan

Rhode Island

I ~aroin~s

26, 723, 159
3,557.11 11
12,440, 738
52,934.3 14
62, 223, 937

6,:-iw'. ;1 17

~Iaine
Maryland
~fassachusett s

. . ew York
_ orth Carolin a _

lJ ours

2 1, 7.o5, 407
2, 09,o, 639
8,22 1, 11 9
23, 9.'li, 1137
2!i, 1 15, H77

I 79, 727, 109

155, oli6, 224
'' I 164 28b

F lorida
Georgia

[owa

2,9 12.003, 423

_

37. 853. 804
4, 75,. 629
15, 101 , 744
69, 81 , 396
s ,1. 4 93. 250

704,27 1, 02f,

Dis trict of Colu mhia

lo diao a

Earnin~s

22, 37•1, 585
4,405.55
18, (i8!i, 3•10
63, 375, 729
13,834, 2 17

Connecticut
Delaware

Idaho
Illinois

Il ours

f,, 553, .52 1
J\J. !J3!i, ,504
83, 075, 8·13
18, l:i.o, .'i09

Arizona

Pennsylvania

Yea r end in~ June 30, 1941

Yea r en<ling- Jun(• 30 , 1940

63, 830, 249
9,227,9 11
56, 22.~. 1\6-1
122, 950, 709
30, 50R, 393

3 16, 62·1, 43(i
5S. 530,838
28 I , 2<.JO, G(iU

Arkansas
California
Colorado

Oregon

BY 8T ATE

1---

Alabama __ _

N'orth Dakota
Oh io
Oklahoma

WPA ,

l >FHI O OS

' tate
_

107

DI X

1.

r.vr,, 073. soo

27,1, 837, !1811
JOO , 773, R67
J. I 70, 722, 122
378, 562, 321

22.,.

S011rcl' : \Vork Projects .\ dministrntion.

1.

on 807,8 13

5 9
100
59 1
758

1~. 72fi, 178

I 8, 202, r,7;3

&,fl, i , 9

f,;i2, 075
7 I.I. ,I ll
4 12, :i l9

13, 152.
231, 283,
84,7 12,
34,009,
34, 32i,

124 ,

JS,
41.
6.
2,
10,

8, 8:32,
4 7, I 7(i,
109, 759,
26, 1<1 7,

703
786
Of,2
456

2. 2s2 ..,84

20, 03!i, 425
4, 38G, 087
rn. a79, 299
58, G74, 23.1
12, 56.5, l6R
9, V42, 944
I, 7Y7, 952
i, Olfi, 075

275
376
7 14
730
73 1

10,977

5,033, 355

I. 823, 5:l3

]()

RE P OR T ON P ROG R ESS OF T H E WPA PRO(;RAM
TABLE

\' I I

A~ I0UNT 0~' \ YPA FUNDR A L l, OC ' ATED, OB L l <:A ' l'ED, AND EX P EN D ED , BY Qpt; ll A'l' l

:m,

T H HOU<, fl JONb

Total

EHA ,\ ct. fiscal year Hl4 1
Exp('ndit11rcs

_\ I location s

$9, 7(19, :i,:i, all!

$9, r.,11, Hfi9, o 17

$9. ,1,n, f,11 I, fifl I

"$1,:l,2, 085, i 10

1. 3 17,77(1,820

$l,2•19, 0fi7,fi7 1

I, 329,959, 290

I , :Ul9. 972,071

I, 213. 1.1-1, 361

:rn 1, :m2

l"-111,022, 190

Other Fcdernl ag nc·1r~ cI=

,_
'.l~J:..~. fi'fO
:l, h!/~
20h, 791
21:1, i~O
3fi, 03•1
Ii, ~.1:--., 71'9
Ji . n:ic, 1.,0
h91. S li

.\ grirulturnl .\dju stmcnt .\clmini ~tration

Ag riC'ulturnl Clwrnistry and En:i:111ee r in g
Agric- u ltural .Economics
At!ric u lturnl 1\ l a rkrting Serdce
Dairy I ndustry
Entomoln!?Y anrl l'laot Quarantine

Forc:-;t Rt:rdce
Tiomr i<:('onomirs

Depa r tment of Co111rnrrcc

=

9, 40i, 40il, !9f,

I i3, 19.1. 4fJ5

I i,1, 2 lfi, ,529

- -1

53. 22!i, 711

2~,.063

~'911, ,5ffl
:l, ;,gs

3, S98
20l,2R2

202, (i lO

211, 178
3·1, :l!'i2
Ii . .1n. IS2
Ii, 207, "Iii
~93, S\l!I

210. fi42

32, 2.16
Ii, 207, ,23
16,947, fi03
~7':-., fi9
I, 193, 26
~fi2, 219
JJ, 374,663
I, .125. 29B

I, 19:i, fi!',.;

l,202, 16i
:Jr.2, 219
1 1,534, 2 1fi
l,fiOl,hOO

:lfi2, 219
14 , 119, i29
I. ,559, 222

15~.29i

lfi l,:--.7fl

52, !'170
111,1, 72i

Hl. 2;-..,1
11),\, 59 1

4i-, I lfi
103. 129

14, 0110

13, 29/i

1:i, 149

24,037,375

23, :?fh.:--.12

I -----1----

f'onst and <:rodet1c Sun·ey
\\" eallwr Burrau
Executn·r 01l1cp of thr !'res ident
Res,, urct~s Plannu11? Board

Expe nditu res

0hli~a11ons

1. fl:?9.

atinnal .\griC'ulturnl Re.sf•:.uel1 ( 'enier
Rura l F:lrrtrifirnt1on ..\ drnini s tr1tion_
, oil C'onsen·:ltion ~crvice
Uocli'strih11ted

,E NC Y A

All ll(''.1 1ion s

1

Deparlmcnt nf Ac: rirultnre

A

ltlll

Totnl. a ll ~els '

\Vork ProjN•t ~ \dmini s tra tion

C

H

B

0hh?nL1ons

35,913,310

-12. 126. 420

JO, 3:,i, 1.54

11,203, 1149

9, f,73, 231

- - - - - - - - - - 1 -- -- - 66, 273
ill. S,50
ii2

nx.

Si, .I I

Hf> . .160

Hi7, 1%
3 1,352
4, 10,, 995
3,938. ,%5
12/i, 310
56,478

349
32, 256
4,095, 749
3,@l , 590
I JR, 53i
54,696

I, 0.\.1, 1,17
111, 159

98/l, 220
382,001

80, S26

ii, 9:i7

,4,o05

29. 91i
50,909

~7. 1}14
.10, 773

26, !94
lb, 311

.5. 247, 15i

4, ,\05, 72.J

514, 3i8

:ios. 547

43. 5
42. fi2i
• . 13.1, ,95

13,247
:li, 9"3
:{. fi.~9. 052

511. -199

45U, ;,95

3

60,000
15 1. 499

,19, (-i20
HIii. 275

,9, 461
32 , 886

91, 19
168, 4,10
36,034
4, i3R, fi63

4, 353, ,\,\6
127, 2:?
5i. 973

I, lll,OS3
448, OH

I

l(jfi,

)..""ational

DenartmC'n l of tht• l ntrrio r
Fish ::rnd \\' ildlifr ~C' rdce
I ndian ,\ (fairs
nenC'ral Land Otli re
National Pa rk Srn·ice
Re clamn l inn
Territorit•s an d l sl:lnrl P nSSl'S<.: inn s

:i • .5!i:i, 1~4
il2, 7 lb
l lO, ,SR

18, I Ill, 2S9
3 L 2S2
l, ,',03, 49&

-

a. :{:~ .7. 121
!II, u.,o

3,314, 155
9 1 ,401

ltl,\ HS7
17, ti/ii i, !'1 "-19

104, ,\ I()

.\ la:--k::i Bond r11mrni ssion
A laskn rni sl'P ilnneous
Virg in Is la nd s
U ncl is t ri hut ('d

:mu. ~s1

23 ~), 7fl2
2, 299
:i07, f,73
I, 13:\,934
3311, 098

'!, '.?!JU

:m,, u.1.1

1:10, 24fi

1, :?rn:. ~'.!l
:i:in, 12.1

3, lfi,\
,\!, 9S,\

.,1, !Ii I

1. 122, 70i"I

I, 110, 27,i...

373, 997

:{ii:!, IOI
:H, ,'-1}1~ ,,i{fi;,.,

I, 2.IS, o-13

I, fi7fi, G6&

2:i'!, iH2

232, ifi2
2, 30fi

A la s kn Hai l road

Ii, 302, .I sl
29, 235

2~1. ?.{;i
1, 7-rn.:--.:lfi

---

4, lfi.5, 270

2,<,5, 634
42. 699
36. 664
3,411, 926
, 347

Department of Ju s tice

.\ ttornC'\ OC'rwrnl' s ornce
nurenu (,f Priso ns
Departrnrn1 of Lnhor Lahor :-: 1ntistics
Li bra r y of Conu:n•ss
D epnrt11wnl of th e Nn\·y: Ynrd s and Hork s

:lfl,

123, ;J02

~i. lfifi

3, 4fi5
!ii, 974
--~1

Fed ral SeC'urJty \ cency

Ofhcr flf F.clueat inn
'I

3.

reasu ry
--

I

C'onH C:u n rd
Ottice of the SN• rt•ta r~· n

:{-...o. r,::t~

a. 33ti,

.i:,so

Ill,. f.38
10, 119, 975

I , 427, fifi(I

2fi0.-I l(j

209. 638

2Cfi, 24~

I , :l.19. 104

2fl0.-tl6

:?Ofl,H:lb

20fl,2-I

190. ,\bi

1 lfi. 390

13fi, 220

144,'!,2
345, iOS

lllfl,,16
3 1.\.174

91 , 41
3•14 ,R02

19,1

1. fifll,

103, ilS
9, ,1<13, 673

==

--1--tl'ltl, 9116

IHh, 'fil

2. :--.:{tl, f.72

2, l-139, 33,5

1~7. -tR2
2, 8:\1', 29fi

2, 1.14.

VC'terans' .\drninistrnti on

:?. '.~ 11 -Hin

Corps of Engmeers
Qu::irl l' rma s l\' r r,irps
}..,e<ll'rn l \\ orl.: s ,\ gt•nc·,
·
Ad111ini s trn1ion

- - - - - - I, 61 I, ~42

I. f'it12, -t2 l
1211, oco
II. 371,263

I '.'-.. Afi'1

Puhlir l l \''.Jlth ~P rYiC'e

Department of the

--- --

4, 32.". 707
3Si, 41,3
34, 27~ . .1fi4

.,o..;,lfi , ffi6

2, 23".

,,.3

19,01 1, !)Oft

l'11hll<' Hulldin gs
7,

'72 1

ns

2, 2'32. 228
1,. ,~. 2fi3
7,872

=I=~----

799. -Iii

fi/'\fi, fi92
=I=

fi!lfi. 221

Ill. ,91, 227

9, AO.I, 11111

9. 143. 382

10,891, 22i

9,fill,l,OOI

9, 4-13, 3S2

--1

'Covers fund s nppr<1prmterl hy th e ERA Arts of 193fi. 19:tfi. J93i. 193'-i. 19:m. and fiscnl J l •a r 19-1 1, anrl hY deficiency appropriations lis ted in foo t no te
2, p . 9.

Totnl ri lloca t ion s d o not includt· '$h,."-lt~-L fl.59 of 193~ and 1939 :H't funrls which c·ontmucd to h e :n·a ilahle fo r ohligatinn on Fl'deml constr11cl ion proj('cts
through provi s ion s of thr fi sc-al Yt•ar 19--11 a('t: of thi s amo unt. $7.2....,,"-l,1'"-i/ \\Hs ,n·a ilnhlr for p rokcts opernted hy " · P .\ and $L.575.li72 for ,vr ., projC'cts
o perated by ot lwr '1~t.' dt.~ra I :tl,!:enrirs.
c Allocation s of ·\\ P .\ fnnd s. to thcsr ot h e r F edera l a~enci(•s \\ t..'rt' madt• under th e EH .\ .\ cts of l93~. 19:m. and fi sca l rcn r 19-11, an d t he last I hree or
the deficie n cy a ppropriations rere rred to in foo tn o te A.
u For the 11 q• of tht• B11n•au nf Interna l Re,·e □ ut• and the J)h 1s ion of Tn\ Hcscu rc h .
11

Source: Based o n n•port s 1Jf tlie U. 8. T' reasury DepFt rlmcnt.

109

AP PEND I X

T

nu;

VTH .-

,.-:1> n,

A11nt1 'T OF "\\' PA FvNn,; EXPENDED FOR PrroGH A \1 ,; 01'EHA'l't~n 1n \YP,\
,\ (; f'NC' l ""· BY Qp1,: 1(A'l' I 'IG Ac:ENC'Y .\!\fl) 11' F1 ,;(' \I, ' Is\ H

FEDERAL

0 •1111m

Total. li s(·al
Yt.•O rs Hl:lfi -H

i,19. tl\13
I $2,2. 2:lfl.
167, :mo.
IO,. lllli. 1\lf,

$9,580. f,111. f,61

Totnl

9.

\\'ork l, r ojt•<· ls \dn11ni s1rat1c111

:Hi2

])('pa rtnwnt or .\ g nC'11ltun•

A Arieultural E<•onomics
Agrkultur a l i\lnrkrt1ng Service
Dairy Indust ry
Entomology and Plant Quarnntinr

Fon•.st Rcn~irP
fl orrn• 1<: ronom1rs

' niionol .\ f!rir 11ltural R esea rch ( 'rnl.,r
Rural Elertrifiration .\rlm inistration

DepArl 11wnt of C'ommrrce
Const nnci Oro( ktic :-;ur w•v
·
\\"pat hf'r Burrau

'-:ntionnl HPsot Jrl't'S l'l nnnin g Board

D l'pn rt nwnt of thC' fn k ri or
Fish and \\' tldlifP Ser vice

l n<li on _\ffa1 rs
Cip1wrnl Lnnd (>Ille•('
:'\nt ional Park Sen·i{'('

Rrclam a tion
'fC'rritoril'S and Island Posses~ inns

11 .3:m,11!16

5.1, 225, ii 1

Ii, 93 1. h\13

11, :J'./0. 112"

110. h i I
3.h%

106,:!29

70,923

9i, 130
3S, 037
i. om,, 01 ,5

5, fi9.7, 79 I

fi, l...,!l,S.._,I

6, 31h, h35
2.10, hfi9
5il , fi2 1
t9ti, n:i2
4, 5hl , ,OIi
9,. '13

104 . IS2
17,~. fiOfi
32, 2Sf-i
4,4n.9,4
4,443. lh,
14i. ;i, 3
175. ;s:i
7. ri;a
l, 2...,0, .1fi5
4:Jh, li l.5

1.51. 2!5

7 1, :J HI

79, H2ti

I'..,, I Iii
IO:J. 129

H-1, iHH

2h, 3 17

.5 1.,,20

5 1. ll09

5011. 4·11\
I IS. h!ll
ISS. 1114
~ • .i l2, :_m~

%,. ,ox

Attorrn•r Cftl rw r al's Office __
Bunla u of Pri sons

3.Mlli

22, -..,4~. ti•I~

i. 3 10. Sfill

5.023. w s

:1. :ii 1. ISS
91, 1111
10 I. .>JO
I 7. 302 ..5h I
2'.I. 23.5

I, hfifi, lfi"i

97fi, 2Hf'i

7,674. hXS

12, ,1..91
G2, :19 1
5, filH, i'r.7
10,\11i0
,5rn , 051

4il, 391
48, SW
42. I HI
4. 00,. 9UH
lh, 27,l
434. 991
I, lli3
65. 821i
36 . 002

HH2, li2fi

2:J2, iH2

192.%9

2. 299
:JOi. lii3
1. 13:J.934
3:JO. 098

!Oh. 2,50
301. I Ii
:rn1, 9 14

:!9. htl:l
I, 1:lli
1:l:l. S9i
,JO 1.filS
19, 18<1

fl,5. 439

19. 3 11

6. l2S

3. 4fi,5
,5 1. 9i4

:l. 4r,,5
1.1, -..,. Hi

6. 12,

75.1, 920
132. liOII
13, ~112, ,'ii I

I. 84:l. 10-1
11 5. 11\2
HI. 155. 3!111

72~.

I. -12;, 11fi0

- ---

1,,, .'i5f)

Puhlic ll rnlth ~<• n ~ice

,i,. .

=I~

Depnrtnwnt of tlw Trp::1.o,; ury

Coo.s t Ouard
Oflil't' of t lw Hrrn• tary c

:l. 32.5. i.5'-

I, iih, ,5.14

4hi, -lfi2
2, 83~. 2tl(i

27.'i, HY!

2. 1.5,1, 738

Vett' rans· _\c1111i111st ration
\Var l)rpar t,m ent

I_

I, S02 ..5f;;J

I, 729. r,,3
109. 421
IO. 2fi0. fiOO

17h, 57-..,

220. 434

471.,, 57...,

2211. 434

I. 0!111. 21U

451i. 9'5

.5 10. 11(12
11.,'°'1 , Sf)fi

I. 239. 104

Ollkr• or Edueat10n

F ednal \\' orks Ag:rn('y · Puhlir BuildirH?:s \ drn111is trat10n

9. SS3
IO. SI I. S\1:l

I, 32..,, iOi
35, . 4,3
3 1. 27~. 51)4

.F rdnnl :-:iec11rity _\ ~rnry _

I

13. l4Q

==

D rpa rtm l'nl or Lahor · Lahor Statisti~
Lih rary or C'on~ress
D epa rtment or the Nn~y: Y a rds anrl flock s

Corps of En!,!Jllt'l'rs
Quarll•rm a.~ tn C'' orps

I

-- - - -

D epn rt nl('nt of J us tirr

I, 2M, i,O, t:!!i

:.M, 01 1:i, i92

I , H7fi, lifi...,

Al aska H ailroad
Al askn Hoad C'omrni ssion
1\ laska miscl'llaneous
Virgin fslands
lJnrlistrih11 lrd

, I. 326, 110, r,:3 1

I, lfil, i9fl. :1 111

rnr,. rn.~

I, .12,l, 296

l l nclis trihut r<I

$ 1, .'i20, \Ot i, 078

;a~

11, 37 1, fifi3

Soil Consn\'at ion Ser vice

1941

!i~. a1r,,

2%.0fi3
:l. h98
201. 2h2
2 111. r. 12 1
;{2, 2[,fi
17, 20i, ,23
lfi.9l7. W3
.._,7 ... _ li91'
I, 19:t 2fi~
31t?, 219

Agri cultural \dJu s tnwnt Ac.lminbtn1t1011
1\ g ri <' ult11rnl Ctwmistr r and Eng-irwt' rin f.!

,--

7:(, S 1\1, H:3 1

173,

Otlwr Ft><IPrnl flJ!t.>nrit>s u

Exf1<•11t1H' Olliwofthf' Presidpnt

HIIII

Hl:l(I

I

I=
110. i ,5H
9iH,

100, il2

um

,\OX. ll-J9 1 = H0.5, XM)

5 1. 020.,191

21, l~i.:J53

18. lll:l, f.Jli

:?, 232, 22,-..,
•~. 1~ ..... 2r.,1

6...,1, 29V

1,0,"',fi, l ,7ti

211, /\ lli. 11,54

11. 3 17, :mo

;, ~72

7, 7...,,

,,

3SH, 2n

==

710, 23,1

==

11 . 419 . .592

=

-ltH, 773
10,954, ,rn

A Expt'~Hlitun•s durin g I tw fisca l year includl', in a dditi on to amoun ts P'XpC'rHlt•d 11nd1•r ttw c· urn·nt EH \ ~ll'I . 1llt' llqu1cl ot111n of oh)if.!Hllon s 111(· urrl'd
und1•r pr~v,ous EH .\ acts.
8 EXJX'nditun.•s of \VP _\ f unds by Lh est• otlwr F1•dt•ra l ag:t~n c1t.•s lw~a n in the fiseal r,•ar 193V
c For tlw usp or llw llurPau nr [a t{•rnal Hp,·1•11ut· and thP I >n·is ion or Ta); Researeh

Source: DasC'd on reports of the L.. S. Treas ur y l.>l'partWC'Dt.

TABLE

lX .

A~IO UNT OF \VPA FUNDS EXPENDED FOR PROGRA ,\I S OPERATED BY \ VPA AN D BY OTHER FEDERAi, A GE:-IC IE;:,, BY ::lTATE AN D BY J.'1 ,-,cAL YEAR
TUR OUGEI J U1'E

.._.
I-"

0

30, 1941

Year end ing June 30
HJII
Total

State

Total
Alabama
Ari zona
Ark ansas
Ca lifornia_
Colorado

___ _

C'onnl'rticut ___ __
Dela\,·are ________ __ _____ _____ ____
District of Colu mbia ____ __ _____ ___
Florida __ __ ___ ___ ___ _____ __ _. - - -Georgia. ____ ______ ________ __ ._

Idaho _
Illinois __
Indiana
Iowa
Kan sas __

Kentucky _
Louisia na .

l\lainc
J\ l a ryland

I\ l assach usc tts

______ _

$9, .5~11, 601. 66 1 ,
I 23, ~h5, 537
3f,, 985,5 19
10.\ H4, 005
4h5, ti 13, 452
108,314,687
100,758,3 13
IO, 888,90 1
45,703,839
I 19, 781, ,\8 1
131, 71 2, 236
36,349, 784
707, 1115, 189
277, 785, 216
99,8 10, I 10
11 5, 438, 9,6
149. 547, •109
120, 499, 597
3l 065, 506
61, 157.93 1
44 5, 223,0 13

-

1936

$1, 258, 130, 249
13, GH, 5 IO
4,812, b8b
IO, 924, 407
70,803,94 1
16, ,505, 99,I
13, 545, V02
l. 3 1I, 868
4,0 15,9 17
11,404, :J37
14, 481), 2111
4, 432, (IJ;i
81,65 1, 7f,(j
40,322, :w3
11. 366, hOV
15,
1,,0
13,39 1, 22,\
15, 937, 7 lfi
3, 986, 1176
8,571, ',,\9
53,925,003
43,633,076
30,040,015
9,002,125
30,652, 292
6,739,510
8, 688, 74 6
I , 112. 879
3, lSS, 419
45, 354, 739
4, 970, 656
253, 927, r.09
IO, 164 , 282
4, 56\1, 073
87, 57 1, h!G
21 , 48b, 219
8, 556, 03,
126. 82.\, 3,7
6,307, 8.18
7, 63:J, 473
5,114.42 1
12,588,079
28, 114 , 19.1
6, 173, 405
!, 934. 320
9, 69-1, 190
16,501, , 04
18, 490, 335
30,50 1, b77
2,388, 486

oo,,,

1937

$! , 8 18, 130, 501
17. 529, 282
G, 515, 009
14 , 726,096
100, 570, 770
20, 295, 120
18,730,5 17
1,617, 706
5, 563, s:lO
15,721,399
18, 494, 971
5, 275,395
126, 562, 973
51,848,690
17,671,795
2G, 021. 699
23,929,419
21, 01 I. V0 2
.5, 900, 647
11, 95-1, 008
91,365,070
57,249.028
41 ,534, 755
14 , 402, 992
52,340,893
11 , 5SO, 244
15,682,574
I , 598, 374
5, 9-18, lh8
74 ,032, 323
7,098, I 12
313,719,647
13,091.023
15,033, 23 1
11 6,949, 136
31. 640, 497
12,95 1,1 36
207,832.412
8,303, 210
12, 138, 468
11, ,581. 006
16,675, 779
36. SGG, 467
7, 297, 181
2, 463. sr,o
12,104, 778
24, 156, 684
27,335,179
44 ,588,854
2, 969, 489
2, 392
2, 523, 902

1938

$], 427, :J,4, 309

13, b74. 917
5, 5H 932
12,248,023
71. 180. 906
15. mo, 717
16, 102,842
1, 590,628
4, 90 I. 026
15,212.704
14, 956, 532
5, I 23, h3IJ
101, o:m, 012
44,623, 142
15, 4,14, tl34
17 ,903, 4.12
21 , 202, 749
16,435.938
3, 83 I, 1)31
7, 190, 0\18
68, 765,43 1
59, I 18,520
35, 14-1 , 147
10,977, 009
41. 13•1, 690
10, 8 I 3, 2,15
15, 40:,, 637
I , 4-1 3. 885
4, -1'12, 942
60, -Hl4. 376
5,557, H,0
209, YGri,
11 , 2.\3, 453
8,354 . lGl
106, 8,\1, 773
21,603,922
11 ,007, 484
154. 449, 7b8
8, 718. 379
10, 798, l 37
9,877, 3.12
II , 473, 769
28,687. 939
6, 2,2, 974
2, zr.s, 289
9,901, 1,52
24 , 209, 4 lG
19, b72, 1U5
36, 7,51, ,13
2, I 70, 970
IS, 469
2,0 15, 536

1939 •

$2, 2-10, 749, 993
28, 029. 353
8, 271. 599
25, 198,835
97, 785, 785
23, •170, 100
25,047,097
2, 510, 944
II, 313, 71 9
28,763,9 17
31,989, 572
7,847, 1165
179,554, 122
67,444,904
21,993,7 13
22,487, 389
3S, 8%. 490
27, 133, 368
6,822.928
12,610, 711
103, 232, I66
122, 7Ul, 220
53, 166, 377
21, 496, \167
68,047,427
16,652,033
21, 112, 484
I, 826, 285
7,250,5 19
83,548,544
8, 740, 379
239, 399, 240
23, blO, 151
10, 329. -,35
202,091, G29
37, 046, ,41
14 , 456,093
209, 181 ,294
14 275 241
23: 7-12: 768
10,944, :i74

Mi ch i~an
··· - ----401 ,241.123
J\linnesota
___ __ ____ __
226, -198, 217
Mississippi
____ ___ ___
95,928.457
Missouri
__ ____ _____ ____
287, 120.152
M ontana
__ ___ __
63,992.927
Nebraska
_ _ __
95,796.318
Nevada
________ _
8, 759.3 1~
New H am pshire
__ _____
30, ·195. 120
New Jersey___ __
367,652.448
New J\l exico_ __
_____
43. 420. 836
New York
__ __ ____ __
l. 27i, 269,75 1
no
North Carolina
_ ___________
!07.:JG9, Ib7
North Dakota
__ ____ _____
5t 516, M2
Ohio
_____ _
______ ____ __
696,00 1,346
Ok lahoma __ ___ __
.. . . ___
161 , 427,007
Oregon _____ __
__ ___
68. 892, 273
Pennsylvania _
921,927,892
Rh ode Isla nd
___ ___
54,971,187
South Ca rolina
99,770,7 12
So uth Dakota
60, 269, 414
T en ncssce
1118. 07A. 056
T exas
252,553.661
Utah
_______
45.H22. 117
Verm ont
___ __ _ ___ ___
17, 41G. 41 3
Virgi nia
___ ____ __ ___ _
78. 928,337
" 'nshington
__ ___ ______
148,527.037
West Virginia
_____ __ ______
138. 292,215
Wisconsin
______ ____ __ __
242,024,379
W yoming __
__ ___ __ ______
15,576, 456
Alaska
_____ ___ ___ ___ _
64 1,596
Hawaii
__ ___ __ ____ ______
9, 225, 489
Puerto Hico _
15,246, 404
Virgin Islands
__ ____
1,698,85 1
3,993
22
Undistr ibuted h)' sta te
68,269,304
9,120,366
7,932, h88
6, 154, 967
-' I ncludes programs or other Federal agencies financed by allocation or W PA fun ds under the IH(A Acts or 1938,

24, 198,830
55, 262, 108
9,984,806
4, 926, 452
16,807, 194
39,803, 523
28,9 13,276
59, 674, 143
3,3 15,578
341, 922
2, 192, 592
870, 367
372,447
22, 971, 077

1940

B

Total
$1, 520,106,078
26, 467, 926
5, 775, 738
22, 594, 946
75,171,498
17,807,9 16
15, 655, 202
! , 865,347
9, 643, 374
24,862,3 18
26, 933, :J03
7, 25f,, 1\20
120,868, 327
42, 0-17, ;,39
17, J5f,, 2 19
17, ,12.~. fi65
27,847,378
20, 635, 356
5,532, 208
10, 725. 496
70, 185,959
67,969, U58
34,817,009
20, 385, 764
51, 784, 3.\9
9, 985, 969
18, 2-19, 774
I, 358, 171
4, 94-1, 239
56, 60h, 1148
8,665,689
140, 341, 848
24, 223, 362
8, 170, 254
103, ·I09, 490
2.1, 965, 184
11, 375, 719
! Ill, 387,2 17
9,374, 695
23, 2311, 382
9,013,7 11
22,427,864
53, 172, 4,\9
8, 195, 727
3, 108, 625
15, 186, \108
22,039,938
22, 275, ~60
38,38 1,308
2,638, 907
201.U43
l , 277 , 144

3, 6.58, li62
468, 202
13, 350, 594

$1,326, 110,53 1
23,540,819
6,065, 353
19, 751, 698
70, 100, 552
15,044, 839
II , 676, 753
I, 992, -I08
10, 262, U73
23, 786, 906
24,85 1.567
6,41 4,859
9 1,338,989
31,498, 278
16, 167 , 110
16, 492,63 1
24, 27:i, 148
19,345,3 17
6,902,013
10, 105, 759
57, 749, 384
50, 483, 221
31, 795, 91-1
rn, 663,600
43,160, 491
8,22 1,886
16, 6.\7, 103
1,419, 724
4. 720,821
47,644 , 418
8, 388, 790
119,9 15,417
24 ,826,9 16
8,059, \lbS
79, 127, 502
23,674. OH
10, .'i4,\ 8113
107, 251, 794
7,99 1. , 04
22, 227, ·IS4
7, 737, 820
20, 710, 735
50. 450, 493
7,888,024
2. 714 , '>67
15, 233. 815
20, 915, 672
21 , 405, 460
32, 126, 384
2,093,026
76, 870
I, 216,3 15
10, 717,375
854, 187
8,739. 41 2

---,--

P rogram s oper-

ated by

w PA•

$1, 284, 780, 43,1
23 30S UV4
5: 886: 022
19, 482, 257
66, 782, \25
14 , 276, 31G
11 ,235, 424
I, 985. 293
8,100,408
22,800. 198
23. 674 , 670
5, 876, 486
90,459, SOI
30. 956,468
15, 9-13, 32 1
15, 604. 207
22,968 4f>l
I9, 00-1, 132
6, 584. 297
8,771, OS8
56,352, W5
50,083, .568
31, 466,084
19,607.574
42, 599, 716
8,052, 964
16, 103, 261
l. 379, 277
4,601 ,893
46. 598, 4 IO
. 131, 170
117,8 17, 346
23, 949, 270
7, 57i. ~i9
78, 362, 790
22, 5r,-1, 400
10, !ill, 052
104, 630, 552
7, 728, 721
21,370,926
7, 18:i, 389
20,284,385
48, G,, 1, 747
7, 6R3, 819
2, GIG, 756
13, 246,083
19, 190, 926
21, 2-11 , 193
31,843,560
!, 944,804
l, 216,315
9, 120,880
6,966
7,575,496

I

- --

Programs oper-

ated by other
Federal agencies "
$ 1 1, 33U, 0
232, 725
1;,, ,\3 1
269, HI
3,317,727
768, .\23
44 l. 329
7. I 15
2, 1G2, .165
981i, 708
! , 17G, 897
538, 373
879, 188
541. SIO
223, 7fi9
Sb, , 124
I, 306,687
339, 8&5
407, 716
!, 334. f,7 1
l. 397,089
399,653
32V, 830
5G, 026
5'i0, ii5
!CS, \122
553,842
40, 447
118, 928
I, 046, 008
257, 620
2, 0%, 07 1
877 ,646
4~2. 109
i f>--1, il2
1,00\1, f>H
353, 951
2,621, 242
263, Oh3
856. 558
552, 431
426, 350
I, 798, 746
204, 205
98, 111
!, 987, 732
1, 724 , 746

163, 967
282,824
148. 222
76,870
I, 596,495
847, 22 1
I, 103,916

1939, and fi scal year 1941. Expenditures on these programs began in July 1938.
clu des NY A administrative expen ses in curred prior to July 1939, whe n th e \V PA and N Y A programs Wt•rc administered Jointl y.
0 Se parate data on WPA and other Federal agency expenditures are given by state for tbe fiscal years 1939 and 1940 on p. 123 of the Report on Prooress of the lVPA Prooram, June 30, 1940.

Source: Based on reports of the U.S. T reasu ry Department .

In-

;rj
t,J

,:;
0

;rj

.-3
0

z

,:;
;rj

0
0

;rj
t,j

u,
UJ

0
>rj

.-3
~

t,j

~

~
,:;
;rj

0
0.
;rj

:,,.

~

TABLE X. -

URCHASE OR
AMOUNT OF WPA AND SPONSORS' FUNDS EXPENDED FOR KONLABOR P URPOSES ON PROJE CTS OPERATED BY WPA, BY TYPE OF P
REN1' Al. AND BY SOURCE OF FUNDS
C'U MULATIVE TIIR OUGH AND YEAR EN DI NG J UN E

30,

19 .tl

Ye" r endmg J urn· 30, IHH

Cumulative through June 30, 1941

- -WPA funds

------- - ---Amount

·P ercent

Amount

Spo nsors· funds

Total fund s

Sponsors' fund s

T otal funds

Type

WPA fund s

Percent or
total fund s

----

'l'otal _
Pu rchase of materiols. supplles. a nd equipment
Stone, clay. and glass prod ucts

-------------------- ----- ---------- ----

- - - -- -----

M etal products, cxrludiag machinery ____
Cast-iron pip,• noel fittings
Structura l and rein forcing steeL
Iron and steel products •
Other _ ----- - • -

-- ---

M ach inery aa rl equipment. ____
Electrical machinery, supplies , and equipmrn t
Pa ,. . ing, other cons truction, and trans portation eq uipment _
Other _
------- --- -

$988,327,364

$ 1, 945,675, 174

66. 3

$574,864,3 15

IOO. 0

$118,712,530

$45fi, 15 1, 7R5

79. 3

I, 653, I0 9, 97 1

56. 3

600,95 1, 193

I. 052. 158, 7iR

fi3. fi

320, 70 I, 15i

/iS . ~

SI. 2 13, \lfl2

23ll, 490, 195

ii 7

569, VO I, 938

19. 4

22 1, 2R2, 724

348, 622. 2 11

Ii i 2

1011, I 70, Mi9

I', 5

1,51, ovo. 19i
70, 2 10, 321\
85,22 1, Oi3
99, H3H, IC.7
111. 7[i!I, 3HJ
51. 755, 551i

5. I
2. 4
2. 9
3. 4
3. 8
I 8

85, 3fi2. 707
24, 525,896
32,692,939
36. 257, •155
30,08 1, 726
12,362,00 1

il5. i 2i, 490
45, ii'· 130
52, 528, 134
63, 5bl, 0 12
8 1, 67i, 593
39. 393. 555

43 5
GS. I
6 1 Ii
63 i
73 I
7fl l

2f.. ll lk, 129
11. 241, ,581
18, 260, ORfi
20,3 13, 7'15
'.?O, 92fi, 5-Hl
fi. \10, " '

5.
2
3
3
3
I

11 2

99. 083. 020

229,9 16,028

t19 g

fi3, 193, , 3 I

11 0

II. 5 12, HO

51,951, 0\14

2 1, 152, 069
W, 684, 397
28,005,008
23,241 ,546

59,979, 143
42,862,479
69. 83~. lfi3
57. 235. 943

73. 9
f\l fi
71 4
71 I

13, 9 1H. 197
11 ,090, 3fi5
IS. 340, .i79
20, 14 I. 393

2 4
I 9
3.2
3 5

u ,.;u1 11
2, , 3,, 43.;
3. ~97 , S3 7
2. !)flt, ~27

12, 061i, 5,il)
"· 251. (130
I 1, 11 3,042
Ii , I,O, ,5f,f,

!>6. 7

28,8 17 , li77
28, 53r,. 953
20, f,Q\I, 8 I 2

5. 0
5. 0
3 f,

5, 465,872
6,22 1, li l5

7, 238. !Hfi

2:i. 351,805
22, 3 1 I, 33!>
13, 370, Sfi6

81. 0
78. 2
61. 9
fil I

---

--

2. 8
2. 4
3. 3
2 7

--

3 I, 172. \~J,

I

--

5, 127. k7b

2

39,442,624

42,321, 3H2

51 R

14 . i99. li5S

2. Ii

5. 760,01 3

9,039, 1; 15

34, 192,045

I. 2

9,827, 521J

24 ,364,5 17

71. :J

"· 3 11, /ifi5

I.I

7\lfi, 5 18

5. 5 15, 047

18, 7G8. 588
2S, 8113, 373

o. 6

14 ,2 19,956
I,>, 395, 140

4, 5-18, 1\32
13. 4Qi, , 233

24. 2
lfi . fi

4,8U2, tHi

0. 9

:J, 4\li, :!55

3. r,ml.li l7

II. fi

I, 395,09 1
2, I :.?!I, .i07

I
34 I

--

HI 11

55fi, !)Ii i, 701

30, 3fii-, 3 l fi
374 , ii7a , i0 7
37. 937,335
2,0. !~10, so,

fi,.,

15, fi43, 880
20, 45 1. 67 1
12, 289, 52(\

34,430, h4,i
24,573, 753
11;, Ofi2, oo;

322, 925, 158

676, 9ifi, 901

fl{

323. 824. :lf\ I
9,269, figJ
309, 4 i 3, ns 1
31, 40\1, l \lfi

.~, I
30 6
~2. 6
90 7

216,539, 495 '

77 I

I 0
12. 8
l 3

233, OU2, 340
2 1. 09\ 1\23
f,5, 20fi, 1156
3,528, 139

9 fi

6 1, 461 ,0 13

'

,1 8
74 4
7h. 7

, ,. 3

10, 153, 1;09
39. 1011, 1,,u

5 1 ll
73 ,;

i

li9, 572, Iii

---·

I

I

I

-

9:1, 2 Ill, 2:1,
l , 15tl,li07
il , ~IOi. 63~
13, 2n 1. ro 1
74.687.681

I, lf,I\, 110
2, 107, Iii~
4, 21lfi, 333
;, 195, 3fi7

I 5
I 8
6.8

b, 723, 1'6

I

I
31 2
Ill. 2
0. 2
12 5
2 3

13 o

W. O,i3, 253
I" ..i3II, i "
15\1, 036
9,0fi2.™
300. 58 1

I

.,

>
"ti

i.=:I

2. 8

--

-

I

8 1. ifi·I, OOfi

I

74 8
7:,. 7
,9. 4

--

121,421, 51l6
90,600,380
43, 2IO. fi03

I 7
I. 5
5. 5

ik. 6
72 6

I

j

42,904, 211
53, 8u7. 671
65,985,866

I 0

51 9

II, ',13,0il
b,b ll , 211
13, 2fil, k l3
I.",, l\o,S, '-if.7
If,, Ii , . 139
fi, 0'<7. 440

4, 41,. 101
723, 04~

f,

70 4

--

--·

13, ii 5, 05.,
2,400, 3i0
4, 998. 2 13

0
0
2
5

7-1, fiH7 , .ii i

5. 6
4. 9
3 7

I

--

I

164, 325. 777
141, -ms. 05 1
109,196, 469

909, 9112, 1159

--

I

73. 9
62. 7
39. Ii

Rent or t•qu ,pment _ ---- --------------- ------J\l otor vehicles. _
---- ---------------- --Trams and wng:ons .
Const ruction eq uipment_ ____ __________ ___
Other _______
------------------

-- - - - - - - -

·--

0 1. 13 1,2 12
fi9, 5 16,876
97, 843. 4il
80. Iii, 480

50. 07 1, 725
45, 02,i. 124
159, 35 I, 533

------ ----------- ------ ·

- -

100. 0

Chl'mica ls a nrl nlliccl prod ucts ______________
Prtroleu m prod ucts ____ _ ----- ------------

Other "-· __________

total funds

$2,934,002,538

328, 999, 04!>

Lu m her and ,ts products, excluding furnitu re
anrl fixt ures
Bitum inous mixtu res, paving and other ____
T ex tiles __ ___ --- ______

l\f isrl'llan('O US

- -- PC'rC('llt of

-

--

C'ement. __
Clay products
Concrete prod ucts
Crushed stone _
Sand and gm ~el
Other -- ---------

--.

Amount

Percent

Amount

h, 445,316

I

I

I

I

P.

--R7. 4

18. 5
:;9 2

I
ti, Ii i!), IO~
ri , 2 17. '.?7fi
31, (10 1,792

1;,o, iii \ , H2l

z

0

I

-:-

7:\. liiH, 190
I, 000. f\6 1
fi2, ',11 , 750
12,99 1,023

7.i. 8
!ill. S
~l 6
,3

-

~

f!l 0

,1;, 3

~; 4
tli i
i

~- 7

fifi, 14 2,366
I

• Not elsewhrre classified.
8 Jncludes s pace rent, con trac tual sen.,.ices such as li ght and telephone, la nd leases and easements, and ot.ber miscell aneous cxp('1Hliturcs.
Source: Work Projects Admrnist ration.

,....
,....
,....

TABLE

XI.

F ux1>,;,

, \\I OUNT OF \\'PA AN D 8 P0NS 0R S' FUND S EXPE N DED ON PR OJ ECTS OP E RA 'l' E D BY WPA, BY TYP E 0 1' PROJECT, B\ 8ou 1u ; i,. OF
OBJE C'T O F EXPE N DIT U RE
CtT\!l"I..\ T l\' E T II ROlGll

Jt

,....
,....
t'-J

SE 30 , 19 11

Sponsors' funds

W P \ fun ds

Total funds

AN D B\

Labo r
Typ,, of project
Percent of
tot al IV PA
fun ds

Amo unt
Total
Di vision of Operations._

Oighways, roads, and streets.
Pu blic build ings

Ed ucational
Other
RC'creational fac ilities (e xcl ud ing huild ings)
Pu blicly owne<l or operated util iti c.1s
Water purifkation and suppl y
Sewage collcrtiun a nd d isposal
_
Other
Ai rport s and airways _

Conser,·ation

LanU and wa ter conserva ti on

Other

Sa nitati on .. .
E ng inee ri ng sur veys .. _

Otber
Di vision or Commu nit y Service P rograms
Public acti vities .

E ducation
Rrcrl•atioo
Li bra ry_

J\lusc um
Art
M usic_
" 'riti ng
R esea rch and records
Hcsca rch and s urveys
Pu blic reco rds
II istorica l records s ur vey

Welfa re
Puhlic hea lt h and hospital wo rk
__
Sewing _
Prod uctio n (exclud in g sew ing)

Ilousekec ping aides

ll ouschold wo rke rs' trai ning_

School lunches __
Distribution or surplus commodities ___ _
___ Other
Na tional defense vocational t ra inin g __
_ ____________ _
M isce!laneous 8 ____

$11 , 3tif,, 106,

100. 0

i6➔

$\1,02 1, 14 2,077

==

91

-

40 I, 32\ , li b
77H, H-W, Ii i

9•111, so,, !il\4

I , lf,O, 11 0, :!03

-

9
3
2

2bi, 772, 544
60 1,700,9 12
802, ii I, 21)9
Sl,9, 624, ·I IIJ

2. 5
6. 7
1. 0
2. 4
3. 7
2. i
1. 0
I. 9
0. 4
1. 8

192, 189, 355
6 13,0H ll-lli
84,09 1,009
206, 46ll, 750
355. U23, 426
260,347, 277
95, ,576, 149
174 , i0b, 4,5b
38,301.81 5
158. 184,320

20
2, 0
1. 0
0. 3
0. 3
0. i
0. 2
3. 7
2 [I
1. 5
2
LO. 2
i
6. 4
6
0. 8

2, 111. 524, 130
---616, 993, 900
192, 1;10, 909
I 79, 496, 272
97, 3.50, 466
24, 775, 492
30, 1-0\1, 693
69, 033, 2-19
22, !11 7, 819
36/i, IOi, 161
JU3, 0 13, 539
14,5, :J8i, 397
21i, 70(i, 22/i
l, OOfi, 715,988
5\1, 478, 5-12
667,582,086
63,810. 962
81. 554, 149
3, 31\~. 653
62, 667, 392
68, 25 1, 204
122,707,08 1

3.
6.
8.
LO.

2;,1;, \18 1, 41 3
758, 09~. 556
I 1.5, 327, 3:l t
273, tl2<J, 5, 6
422,842, W2

304 , 584, ',•JO
I lh, 257, fJ22
222, 398, 086
4f,, 482, \IHO
2011, 866,5 17

5

21 6
2, •155, 634, h26
= 735, 100, 052 - - -6. 5
22S, 217 , 139
228, 973, 575
11 7,fi34, 109

29,09 1, , 0 1
33, 069, ~'03
74. 336,8 19
23, Hil, 286

42/,, :J03, 0 II
22~. Hb7, 02i
170, ii i , 570
28, 5-M, 438

o.

1. 1,17.•~on, auo
7:J, SOil, \111 1
73 1, fJ96, 4 IG
72. 702, 30 I
8,5, 778, 279
3, 750, 284
92. 684. 476
97,382,040
13 1, 131, 131

o.
o.

( ')

0. 8
0. 9
I. 2

-

29,905, >,38
II , 097, 096

I

o. 3
0. 1

--

2.56, f,05, Vli3
520, 763, 214
70 1, 727, IH l4
;>,O, 109, OW
llli, 765, 6.5h

I

Amount

$2, 3•11, 26-1, 687
89. 0
=i=
I, 966, 799, 5~3
87. 3

$8,035,814, 71:J

1 ,027, 9bb, 79 1
6,90 1, b79, ·121
ih. 0
\, , tih, ti 79, IXH
--1=--1=======1=
2, 9 12, i,72, ,576
187
4, 11 7, llli5,IJ J.i
182,
38G,
3,
38.
7Xfi, 36V, 177
8b9, 473, 486
10. 4
I. 18 1,275, IV2

-

To<•'1

-

Total

P ercent

Amount

75,050,364
3 13, 168,909
22,1, 879, 566
8~. 2b9, 343
IQ.5, 62 1, 39H
36, sn2. n,s
143, 08 1, i i',

I

IS, 427, 536
- i , fj,_,9, 010

I, \186, 074 , 1\16

94. I

341, I IO, 696

53, .5\)2, lij~
15. 8
3G, 339, 25 1
14 5
17, 2f12, Ul i
19 2
44 , 53fi, 1145
21 4
4. 0G3, 557
15. 8
33, ~2h. 701,
21 2
=I=
25',, 7:l I, 30,
II 0

II\, I 06, 1.,2

=I=
91 , lloi l.fii7
16. I

1s. ,so. r,uo

98. i

l bfi. 06 1. 1172
I l:J, 558,6 11
2,5, G4.5, 775
9 1(1, 766, 125

3,57 1, 130

8olJ, I 12, Hi
24,, .'i02, 147

3 U 3fi, 32.5
67, I 59, ,36
66, DIS, 736
14. 23i, 203
22, I' S I , 173
47, C~u. n28
7, I8 1, Jf,,5
42, ( 82, 197

35, tJOil, 230
49, i 7, 303
20, 83, i3a
4, 16, 30H
2, .~v. ;J JO
5, 113, fllHI
f>V, "1 fii
63, !J,l, ~~:1
35, :l, 4-,,
25, 8 1, 1,2
I, H, 213
l, IH I
151,
14, 2K, 2[1~
f,4, 11 , :J311
8, lll , 3 12
I, 2-1, 13(1
HI. li3 1
30, Ii, 1184
29, 27, , 36
I I, 21, 050

---

"" 6

=,-=

9 1, 49,5, 058
l l5, U54, .5 10

58,526,699
59 1,38 1, :l6 1
6 1,245,303
80, 736,040
3,082,046
60, 228, 595
6 1, 56f,, 08 1
11 5, b%, b08

21'.J, 026. fi2i

23 3

o3. I

=

87. 2
89 I
89. 2
72. 2
88. 0
86. 4
92 4
94. 8
96. 3
90. 5

96. 5
95. 2
97, 3
97. 8
96. S
94 2
97. 3
95. 2
97 3
us. 4
98. 7
96. 0
91. 4
98. 4
88. 6
96. 0
99 0
91. 5
96. I
94. 6
94 5

67, 140, 166
21, -~29, 11 8
3.5,5, 2Gb, Iii I

I , 663, 3117, 943

116. 5.).1, bl4
Ii~. 2 1.t'i. 832
13,. 1107, 295
270. i'-iS. \ tl3

I

,59/i, 140, ,02
183,3 17, 102
I i4 , 658, U9tl
95, I78, 3f,i
23,990, 126

$1, 945, li7,5, 17 4

22. 2

89. 2
88. 0
Si. 4
88. 7

---

---

20. 6

=;=

1,03 1, IH3. 127
2\14. ~II I. 706

---

I 19, 116,282

total sponsnrs' funds

Amo unt

86. 9
88. 4

-- --

5 Ill, 293, IJ67

'"""'"",.,.,,, .. ,"'

I

P erce nt or
total fu nds

2 1. 9

-----2, 8
22. 9

14 7
23 3

-

--·--

9'-, 40:J, 315
1511, nu,. , 32
111 ., 13,:l71
22.5, 2:1 1. :1 lfJ

32 9

bl , IJ21l, .,93

19 I
27 I

l l i, 3:liJ, -l! O

24 5

61, 2fti, ,iM

1.5. 6
21 6
Ii. 2
14 8
6. 8
7. I
I. 0

11 h
15. i
14 9
6. ·I
13 0
IV. 4
~

8

12 2

4 9
10. 2
32 ,)
29.9
b. i

--

II , ,,68, 302 ·1 ______ 38.
18, 786, 106

6-i

!,.'i4

~I 4
hi 2

26, , ;;1, :ll3

...,

8

~f,. i
81) 9
%0
91 2
80. I
82 I

"O

79. 3
j .~.

2

jj

.5

~
,...,

~

t"J

Ul
Ul

0
"'1

-,
:I:
t"J

b2 5
rn. 6
i~ 4
Ill :l

~
"O
:,.

hil 3

"O
~

v,. 3

7'2 S

Q

14 , 2111:>, ll,52

111
,lit. 2

:,.

1, 3i4, i\J8
128, 13:\ s7g

74 8
'-i ti. 0

6, 8%, 596

lh I
!16. 3
~, 5
i i. 5
1:16. 6
93 0
ii 4
61 5

1.:>.

ut,r,,

10-1

61, 7nl,IJH
7, i7!'>, 11-19

3,021, i2b
330, 19,5
21, uo:l. 26;
20, (',[1, '-170
i,21G.OU\

4, b3•1, .%0
18, 798, 343

--

:n. o

- - --

41 8

• Less tha n 0.05 percent.
" Includes adjustments fo r excess or deposits in tbe supply fund ovor pa yments out of the supply fund and for items in trausit to control acco unts, a ud sponsors' expenditu res for land, la nd lenses, case•
men ts, a nd ri ghts-of-way .
Sourco: Work Project s Administration.

~

'./,

93 4
!i6. 6

----

t"J
"O
:::,

',3' 0
2

76. I

29, 3ill. mJ'-1
3i. 3%, UGO
14 ,823, 162
2, 0 1:l, \12 1
2,017,901
4. .12.i. ?127
GU~, 1'12U
31, .1~17, H,i-1

~4 3

;,;I

~
~

TABLE Xll. -

A ,110 UNT OF WPA AND SPONSO R S' F oN D s ExPEN DE D ON PROJEC'l'S OrERA'l'ED BY WPA, BY TYPE OF PRO,JECT, BY SouncE OF FuNDs, AND BY
OBJE CT OF Ex PE N Dl'l' U RE
YEAR END I NG J UNE 30, 1941

~pon sors' fmvls

\V P.\ funds

I

' l'otal rw1ds

--

I

I Percent

Am ount

I

Total

Pt.•rc1•t1l of
Am o unt

total \\' PA

P(•rc,.,tt of

.\ mount

total funrl s

runrls

--- ·--Total

Division of Operations
li i~hways, roads, und streets ._
Public bui ldings

$1. 120. 465, U6-l

<JO . 4

$,\ I 7. S6Cl, i,31,

30 7

~-t5H, 151 , i',5

I, 321l, 15 1,584

74 2

sss. 96 1, 192

783,114. fi47

8h. I

137, IYIJ, :1u2

3:J 0

373, 197, 33tl

38. 6
JO 6

45.f. l'ii, 927
124. 0,53. 53b

400, 740, 223
I 11 , 021.077

bb 2
~9 ,\

235. 2Hi, 2,...,
fH. 72,1, l"-,H

31 I
34 3

2o:!, -123, 771
,;,). 106, I i ;J

3. 7
6. 9
4 8
10 9

40,000. 375
84,0 17 ,163
59, 2c;o, 201
132, CXl7, ,\fol

36,155.915
74, 86,\ 162
54. Ci-I', , \II I
120, ,\!,(), 042

90
S9
92
91

4
I
2
3

25, 279, os:1
3ll. 441i, l 3fi
26,217, 77~
fi2, "-16!1, 122

~1
6"-,H, i 45, 21.5
I~,-,. ii\, i2i

Publicly owned or operated ut :lit ies

H.1 1, \iii, 61'6

\ Vater purification and supply
Sewage collect ion and disposal
Othe r

Airports and airways
Conscn·at ion . __

--

Otllt' r

Sanitation

I Cl, 1.\2. IY4
20, \lv:l, , 34

Enginerring sun ·eys
Othe r

9, fits. ,42 1
22, ·13ii, 23!,

Public ncth•ities

,Education
Rrcreation
Library
1\Iuscnm
Art
Music ___ _
Writing _
R esearch and recorrl s
Rest•arch and sun·eys
Public recor<ls
11 istorical records survey
W clfan•
Public health ancl hospital wo r k

Sl'win~
Production (t•xc luding St''''ing)

llousckerping ai<lL•S

lJ ou sl'hold work ers' trninmg
School luncbes
Distribution of su rplu s commoditi,•s
Other

National drfonse vocational trainin17

J\li set•llan,,ous e ___ _

17, 5fi7, 956
10. 42.~. .\29
13, 2MI, f,,\ 0
7, ,561 , 573
13, 3-1:1, 377

93. 5
93 9
94 9
97 . 3
91. 2

U, -IS5 , '2"',U

i, i:O,,i, 21:,.,

:J35, I VO, 169

318, 3M. 919

95 0

24 3

74 , tHO. 254
20. 61~1. 4,4
33. 932. 209

- -- - -- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ·

2.'-1, :Uii, Ti7

434, :HV. 775

Sou r ce: Work Projects Administration.

-----,--

-

7
9
7
3

21. 120. u:li
33. o,s.
22, Jfi( I, 5,1 '
,\ 2, f,49 . ,11

42 (I

IS. ',94, (1:19
:W. 709, 7f,I
7, 045, I ,\ I
15, 14\, 74\
11, 796, 141

3"-1
31
:JO
32

------

2,-. U
2, . 3
2-l 2
:12 i

71 s

;::,

nu. 1,u. rnui

22 ,

77, »91, 389

7', 5

X

2,, 310, 511
,, 109, 034
10, 235, 21,
5. 92:l, 073
I, 030, s0'J
I, ISO, 01•
2, 36,,, (174
403, 3U2
~. 012, fl\6

tu . ,\

911 2

34. ,so, 71 3

2.5. I

25, ,cMI, 517
31. (l',I. 246
18, 2ss, 102
5, 02.\, \J29
5, ',37. 151
IO, !Vil, 812
3, MU, 279
5fi. 11',\, ,\1,4

94 b
96. 3
97. 0
97 2
94 ,
9fi. i
97 2

"· 324, 200
13. 109, lfi~
i , 24tl, 571
I, 441 , 21G
I, 317, 597
2. ,2:i, 72,\
.j)\f1, 236
14 , fil I, 106

23 4
2' 9
2i "-I
21 ~
Ii fl
20. ,
13 7
2fl 2

a:{. Hi I. i-19

I 9
I.I,
4
12. 0

r,49
l 25

25, 200, 41i3
2-l, Ii~. C.,\I
f,, ;\(l/l, 440
155, 8\1.5, :!7R

YB. b
97. 1'
96 6
93 4

7. 1)2'°1 , 100
.5, 9HI, 0 tH
1, 0c.:l, us,
4~. 217. H:m

'1'2 "i
19 I
13. 6
22 4

71 , :m:!, h2i
IQ, 182,023
20, 5,52, 006
.\78, ,\3 1
26, :Jo,, B24
16,731.498
6, 1·16, 321

9911
88 4
97 . l
98. b
87. 7
96 9
99 2
97 0

3, Ii:!,, IW,
17,810,424
2,41i3, IUI
I, 49·1, 255
12!',, 27i
12, •l,\ l, :lUS
10, 23'.!, .iUO
I. ,\I(] , 1,\ 7 1

20 . 0

16. 0
31 5
37 ~
19 2

10'1, ,55:i
II. 33 1. r, 14
i,02I,\25
I, 144. 3:!7

98 7

11, ,\f,',, :!02
- ~1 . Hi2

3, 6

I, b34 , ,1,0
-il, 523

o.

Hi"I, IIJ•I.
12, 954,
22. 2'J9,
7Ht,
3U, /~Kl,
27, 09:J.
7, 1' IR,

H.11
962
028
740
.\R3
243
905

2'J, \195, ~3~
- 3, 4Kt. 865

o. 9
5. 5
o. i

1---

284
91!)

o. 4

10. :11:l, 70 I
80, 653. 7()7
10, 1(11 , 171
20,805.673
6,59, 463
27, 116.18b
16, ,no. fi.53
6, 33~. 74b

I 7
-0 2

18, 427. 536
-3, 103. ~03

(A)

I. 2

2. 2
I. 5

- - -10,-2:JS.--S/i9

IR, 180, 596
"-IA3 , H02

10

....

34 7

i. nor.. iris
I. hh0, lf>0

I 00, 117(1, t\3f,

13, u,u, VU2

..._H fi

,1 2

'd
'd

5. 0 t I, \17

27, ~~:n. 936
32,291.509
IH, h5H, Mi
5, 109. 302
R, If,(), ',92
10, 721. 358
3, f,71, 900
57, ,',0\1. 05R

:m, \114 . 173
7, MIi. 242
21 ,1. 1ii"I, A4\J

,1 2
S:l 4

,, 4
,cl g
(II '

IUI. OSI. 441

26, 1111\,
25,025,
fi, i3i,
lfifi. 960,

,3 7
'-Ii ...,

i. 7li. 95[,
4. 07,. lbf,
6. 434. 754
1. o,7, 005
5, ,5\JO, 253

3:3. 6
31 2
33 4

i"I

97 9

7
',,\ 4
,1 5

'°I I

1---

2. 0
2 5
I 5
0 4
0 4
0. b
0 2
4 I

i

--1

\ :I 3

,s 4
,n s
"-,;J. I
--- -

I

n,

:!5, :i31, 136
4.1, I()(), 6ii
2Ci, JOG, 118
ti, cao, 518
7,478. 4b9
13, MK, 083
1.257,136
i'2. l:?O, lfi4

13,.932.157

' Less than 0.05 p,,rcent.
• Includes adjustments for excess o f clepos1ts in the s u pply fund o,·e r payments out or tbe s uppl y fund and for items

men ts, and rights-of-way.

21 . 5HI, ,,:1
:12. \J{)(i, 149
~. 442, i!Kl
1n, \I w, n:rn
I l. 527 , !0fi

18, 782. 4S~
11 , 110. 377
13, 9~7. Ci69
i, 7f,H, 382
14 , f>-18, 990

I. 6
0. 9
I. 2
0. 5
I. 2

GU. iii, 092
11 , I !!I, H71

--

2i, VHli. 1"'5

2b, 6U5 , 7fii
,o, 771', 410
22, 533, 3~7
52, \ fii, 0.56
29, ~Y2, '°165

30, Hill, l ii

25, S7ll, 3CH

---

90. 2
91 7
91 7
64 2
93 7

2. 8
6. 4
1. 7
3. 9
2 5

r,o, 215. 650
t 1:1, Ci84. 859

Lanrl and water conservation

Di vis ion of Community Sn,•ict· Programs

--

$1, 239, I 78,494

H5, 2S;J, 428
12:l, 193,299
b[1. •177. 979

_

--

100 0

- - - - , -- - _

-

--

Pt.'rf't•lll of
totn.l sponsors' fund s

Amount

~I. 7K7, CMS, 332

Hecrt>Otional facilitil'S (excluding huildmc:s)

Educational
_ _
Othe r

Nonlahor

Total

L abor

'I' ype of project

18. 1

19. 0
6. i

,jj ...,

f1 f12

I, h..., I, i:rn
lfi, 91\, -13Ci
2. o,n. n,-,I

I. 037, fii I

.....

,1 2
'-Iii I

i'-1 l
'-11 7

ii 5
,u. 6

s:19
11, 9
-1 1

~

r.i

3
:,i 6
ii u

3. , 3ll, 710
3, 111 , :l:?'J
i64 , HI i

40. 42:i,

l"J
7.

--

, :i. '

.\ I ~
H,1. 2
~

1 i

6(1 4
~5. I
\II 0
'"
i 5. ~7
11

~

t r ansit to cont rol accounts, and sponsor s· expenditures for land, la nd lea.ses , ,•ase .

,.....
,.....
c,;.

114

REPORT 0

TABLE XIII. -

PROGRESS OF 'rHE WPA PRO ,RAM

AMO UN T OF WPA
ND SPONROm,' F NOS EXPENDED ON PROJ ECT>\ OPERATED BY v \ . PA , BY STATE,
BY RoURCE OF F UN DS, AND BY OBJE T OF' EXPEND I T RE
CU M ULATI VE TIIROUGH J UNE 30, 19-11

~ ponsors' funct s

\YPA fund s
L abor

State

No olabor

- ----

Tota \ fund s

Percent

Tota l
Am ount

T otal

or total

Am o unt

\\' PA
Iunds

- - - -- - -

Pe rce nt
or t o t a l
sponsors'
fund s

- ---

Total.. .... . • .••.••• .•...

$11, 365, 406. 764

9, 024, H 2, 077

$8,035,81 4, 713

9. 0

$2. 341, 264 , 687

$ 1,945,675.174

83. I

Al abama ....•.• •• . ... • ..• . . • . .

15\1, 6 16,954
4 , 247, 384
126,60 1,265
571,667,974
128,5 13, 18 1

117, 99;, 002
33,805, o,o
99, 24fi, O.oO
4:i!i, f.48, 267
99, 420, 300

100, 666, 537
29, 424, 744
3, 927, 074
407,309, 206
7,902,886

S5. 3
87. 0
4. 6
89. 4
88. 4

41, 61 , osi
14,41 2,304
27, 35.5, 2 15
11 6, 019, 707
29. 092, I

35,955,816
I I. 293,505
23, •138, 769
88,797,249
24, %2, 985

86. 4
78. 2
5. 7
76. 5
5.

121 , 417,250
12, 578, 469
45, 709,01 7
145, 063,669
159,79 1,040

95,077.11 5
10,040. 145
37,1 41 , 436
111 , H3, 673
120, 9·12, 965

87, 74•1, 83
9,323, 04
33, 34:i, R34
%, 196, 409
104,009, 26

92. 3
92. 9
9. 8
85. 7
6. 0

26,340, 135
2,538,324
8, ,567, 58 1
33,9 19,996
3c, 4 , 075

23, 170, 491
1. 97G, 492
5,624,663
29, 290, , I
35,066,342

88. 0
77. 9
65. 7
86. 4
90. 3

Id aho ·-····· ·----·- - - - · · - ·--··
lll inois __ ·-·- · •·· ·· ·---- ·· -· - - · rndiana .. __ . _. ________________
Iowa
_______ ___ __ ___________ _

46, 783, 449
863. 471,313
334,35 1, 719
134,892, 006
141 ,667, 465

32,376, 425
68.5, I 00, 431
26 , 004, 879
9S, 371, G:l3
107, ,5-17, 479

2R, 399,926
604,492. 13
240,914. R9 1
84,810,536
92, 81 I, f>44

87. 7
8. 2
89. 9
88. 9
86. 3

14. 407. 024
17 , 370, 82
66, 345. ~40
39,520, 173
34, 119,9 6

12,0 16, 127
126, SOI, 146
5 , 230,593
33, 0,57, 576
30, 235, 445

83. 4
70. 9
87,
83. 6
.6

K e ntu cky __ .-···
- · ·-· ___
.•. ____
--·-··Louisiana
____ _____
___
M ainr
____ ________ ___ __

I 78, 462, 906
14 6, l t8, 491
37, Sl 3, 043
68,140,923
518,059,589

t 39, 09 1, 090
114 ,227,475
29. rm,o. 489
S3, 120, 151
425, ,536, 89 1

I I 7, 8S8, 103
99,377, 6S6
21, 37K 27S
44 , 792, 582
401. 729, 339

84.
7. 07 1
2. 2
4. 3
94 . 4

32, 662,874
26, 3 , 04
6,465,393
11. 00!), i4i
79, 233.969

83. 0
4, 2
82, 4
73. 3
85. 6

486,464, 411
277,534,873
126,030,874
336,379, 02S

388, 235, 006
217. 4.14. 410
90. 422,530
27", 733, 988
58, 369, 580

349,007, 23•1
19-1, 339, 201
74, 175, 286
244, 4 7, 346
52, 469, 718

9. 9 1
89. 4
82. 0
8. 7
89. 9

98, 22!1, 345
60. 080, 463
3.\ fiO, , 344
60, 645, 037

74, 31.5, 764

17,2fi8, I27

3 1, 29.5, 3.50
51,253,2 14
14,734,63 1

75. 7
4. 0
87. 9
84. 5
85. 4

90, 24.\ 737
7. 826, 724
2.~. 8,51, 218
3,10. 917,4 45
39, 825, 470

79, 585, 005
6,903, fi29
2fi. 310, 430
323,708, 476
34, 079, 905

88. 2
8. 2
91. 2
92. 2
85. 6

30,423, 203
3,845, 426
7,968, 137
93, 935, 90-1
11 ,538,9 10

26,312,294
3, Jfif,, 401
6, S72, I ,17
0, 241,064
10, 114, 790

86. 5
82, 3
82. 5
5. 4
87. 7

8. 5
85. 7
6. 6
90. 5
5. 1

262, 066, 633

231. l7S,896
36, 99, 60
14. 276,08 1
109,873,015
3 ,5.53,01 0

88. 2
91 . 6
88.
80. 7
81. I

.\ ri1ona ___ __ ___ _____ ____ __ _--Ark an sas ...• . .• .• .• •...•••. • •• •
Califo rni a .•• .•• • •.• • • · --- . •.• •.
Colorado . ··-··-- ·· - ····-·· · ···
Connec ti cut ________ _____ ____ _
Delaware _____________ ___ _
Dis trict of Colu mhia •.• . . • .•. . •
Florid a ···· · -·· .. ····-··- · ··· · ·

Georgia ____ ___ ___ _- --- -- - - -- ---

Kaosa...s _____ _____ ____ ________ _

M a rylanrl _
···- --·-·--·· -·
~,rassach use tts ___ ___ _____ _. __
Mi chigan -··--- ·--·-·· ··-·rvrinn esota _- - - - - - ----- - - - - --- -

tt;~~~~f P_i_· ==- -··== ==============::
-- · -··· ---·-·

M on t a n a

75, 627 , 707

Nebras ka

I 20, 668, 940

Ncvacla

New ITampshire
New Jersey

-- - - - ---------

New !vfe xico .

11. 672. 150
36,8 19,355
444, .53, 349
51, 364. 380

New York
-· · - ··-··· --· • -•North C'arolina ________ __ _____ _
No rth Dakota ·--··- ··· ·-··- · Ohio
·-·-·----·- - ·····•··Oklahoma · - -- ···· - - - ··-·· · - ·

1. 483. 87n. s12
139, 193. 767
66,389, 6 11
13, 463.622
197,327. 41 6

I. 221 , 809,939
98,919, 018
50,319, 649
149,791 , 133

1,080, 9.15, 121
8•1, 72.5, 122
43, 593, 155
6 12,663, Iii 1
127, 4-'4, 95 1

Oree:on
__ __ _______ ___ _
Penosyh-ania __ ________ ____ __

83. 283,358
I , 034, 806,563
66. 91,5, 656
120,871. 112
72,642, 86

64, 237, 076
885, 99.o, 343
52. 206, S58
91,484,41/i
.15, 780, 700

5 , 392,662
809, 650,018
50,562,279
0,471, 794
4 , Oo9, 62 1

90. 9
91. 4
96. 9
.0
86. 2

147,871, 71
317,757.902
59,044 , 969
20, 825. 387
9 1,739. 060

I 00, 922, 635
232, 794, 595
41, r,1 1. 884
1-5, .564, 652
68, 090, 49,1

5, 427, 183
195,637, 700
37, 697, 335
14,595,932
S9, 148, 627

4. 6
4. 0
90. 5
93.
6. 9

I 76, 217, 303

123, 184,787
210, 479, 2fi6
11 ,930, 242

91. 0
88. g
90. 4
86. 3

Rh
one rarolina
Islanrl _ ·--- · · - ·-·-· · _
outh
_______
_______
South Dakota ··- - ------ · ·· · ·-

Tcnnessee ______ ____ _--- - - _- _- -Texa..i: ; ____ ___ ____ _________ ___
U tah

·-- ·- - - · ---·-· -- - ·- - --·

~f!;Jii~t=============== ==== ====

on. 207. -1 07

\Vyoming _____ _______ _____ ____ _

166, 373. 718
298, 8 5,986
19,912, 134

135, 303,514
132, 388, 372
232, h88, 78 I
13. srn. 285

Al aska _
·-·----- ·- · ·---· -··H awaii
________ ________ ___ _
Puerto Rico ___________ ____ ___ _
Virgin Islands._ . _______ ._ ..• ·-_

20, 743
13,181,089
12, 39, 596
26,214

20, 743
8,610, 103
10,027, 793
26, 2H

10,208
7,481,630
7,956, 127
25, 428

49, 2
86. 9
79, 3
97.0

5. 858, 129

s, 8,58, 129

4,488, 487

---- --

Washington .

-·- -- · ··-··- -··-

'''est Virginia ___ ___________ ___
\Visconsin ______ ____________ _

Undis tributed hy s t a te
A

A

111,

no. o. o

40, 274, 749

16,069,962
136, 196, 2l !i
47, ,136. 2 3

50, 4 0, 416

16, 048, 796

84. 3

I 28, 90n, 523

86. 6

12,574,935
25,483,609
14,771.65 1

85. 5
86. 7
7. 6

46,949, 0 3
84, 963, 307
J;, !1 3.0 5
5,260, 735
23,648, 565

35,112,254
71,647,9 18
14 ,600, 004
4, 2-16, 094
19, 2,15, 566

74 . 8
84. 3
3.8

40,913, 789
33. 9, 5, 346
65,997, 205
6,095,849

33,094,363
29, 326, 03
54, 703, 122
5, 124,386

80. 9
86. 3
82. 9
84. I

0. 7

I. 4

-------- 4,------ --- -- ----- ---------- -----------3, 402, 724
74, 4
570,686
2,811,903

2, 299, 289

81. 8

--- ----- --- --·---- ----------- ---·- --- -------- ----- -------- ----- - - --- -- - ------ -- ----------

Includes suppl y funct adj ustmen t anrl ren tra1 offi ce projects.

Source : \VP A expen<lit 11reo;; ha'-e<l on P . S . Trea::-ur y Department report f- ; sponsors' ex pendi tures based on " . PA reports .

11 5

APPE NDIX
TABLE

X I V. -

MO

NT O F

\\·p
BY S

A N D S PON. O R R' F uN D R Ex P E 'DE D ON PR OJECTR O PERA T E D B Y WP A, BY STATE,
U R CE OF F UN D S, AN D B Y O B J EC T O F EX PE N DI TURE

YEAR E,<DI,<G J U,<E 30. 194 1

W PA [unds

Sponsors' fw1ds

Non labo r

Labo r

State

Total funds

To tal

Total

Percent of
tota l WP A
runds

Am oun t

Am ount

Percent of
total s ponsors' fund s

I

$ 1. 787. 04.'i. 332

$ 1. 239. 178. 494

$ 1, 120. 465. 964

90. 4

$5-17. 66. 838

$456, 15 I . 785

83. 3

34. 231i. 423
8. 46 1. 900
26. 59 1. 888
9 1, 707.020
19. ,503. 392

22. 49S. 098
5. f,59. 285
IR. 8 16. 4•17
65. 055. 97 1
13. 804. 391

20. 021 . 598
4. 387. 226
JG, !i72. 6G3
58. 956. 360
12,37 1.392

9.0
77. 5

l I. 738. 325
2. 02. 6 15
7. 775. 441
26,65 1. 0-19
5. 699. 001

10. 19/i, OH
2. 3 10. 500
6. 300, 6 14
22, 169.666
4. 87G. 759

86. 9
82. 4
I. I

1.5. 737. 768

10. 779. 466
I. 906. 287
1.
335
22. OH. 103
22. 80·1. 802

9. 979. 029
I. 80,5. 30fi
6, 922, 727
18, 3i-l. 5-10
19, 730. 284

7. 7
83. 4

4. 958. 302
885,068
2. 204. b79
10. 250. 86 1
1 I. 4.57. 197

4 . 2 13. 324
65:l. 00
I. 693. 006
8. 81H. 096
10, 149,66 1

SIG
752
78 1
799
743

5. 040. 822
so. s52. ~ 14
27. 182. 494
13. 923. 099
13. 842. fi21

90. 0
91 . 8
9 1. 2
90. 5
91. 9

3. 092. 191i
39. 297. 0%

2. 73S. 706
2\J. 92 I. 707

13,848. 237
8. 367. 199
6. 553. 666

11 , 444 .625
7. 103. 165
5,922,50 1

82.6
4. 9

3 1, 3H . 356
25. 127. 983
7. 955. 965
12. 7.52. 708
78. 493. 982

22. 16 1. 752
18. 250. 993
6.37 1. 604
8. 469. gr,5
5-1. 782. 093

19. 502. 751,
320. 842
4. 15fi. 015
7. 51 1. 726
52. 366. 60 1

.0
89. 4
65. 2
8 .i
95 6

9, 182. fi0-1
6. 870. 990
I , !i8-I . 36 1
4. 282. 743
2:l. 7 11 . 889

7. 627 .•134
5,487.808
l. 378. 36 1
3. 384,430
20.74 1. 5 12

83. 1
79. 8

70. 948. 74
42. 803. 484
26.95 1, 117
56. 963. 103
11. 53 1. 31 7

48. 573. 293
30. fi0.5_ 175 1
18, ~7.'i. 3, 2
41 . 2 11 . 09 1
7. 699. 220

45. 364. 436
27. 7° 5. 720
15,609. 02.'i
37. 737. 939
7. 002. 992

93. 4
90. 8

82 7
9 1. 6
91.0

22.
12.
8.
15.
3,

22,843.906
I. 9-14. 939
6. 28 1. 101
65. 240. 100
11 . 04 7. 967

15,602. 9f.3
I. 2!i5. 142
4 , 46 1.970
45. 273. 44 1
7. 756. 644

14. 087. 474
I . 07.5, 406
3. 809 ..5i2
42, 14 7. 1.55
6. 783. 3\)3

90. 3
85. 7
85. -I
93. I
87 . 5

North Carolina ......... _...... . __
Orth Dakot•-·· ·· · ·········-··-· Ohio
Oklahoma __ ······················-

036
206
253
0 11
246

114 . 435. 96
23. 128. 82
7. 25-1. 3 74
76. 3 °. 646
2 1. 767. 463

106. 9 18. 273
19. i38. 202
6.3~.!ilfi
68. 352. ·123
19. 139. 335

93. 4

1

16 • 090.
36. 6 12.
I 1. 027.
107. 002.
32. 787.

88. I

Oregon
P ennsylvania _··· -············-_ . __
R hod e Islan d
ou th Carolin a _.. . . ...... .. .... -.. South D akota -· ·· · ····· ···· ······-

13. 968. 173
139. 7. 473
11. 065. 933
28 . .'i84. 34 I
10. 399. 428

9,764.030
102. 2 15. 249
7. 497. fi46
20. C,3 7. 66.5

6. 54. 8-12

9. 080. 99-1
95. 438. 333
7, 09fi. 3 7r,
I . 622. IOI
6. 243,383

'I'ennessee ___ _____ ________________ __

28. 6 13. 006
68. 964. 70
11 ,862. 0
3. 400. 326
18. 728. 406

19. 571. 677
46, u65. 052
7. 375. 422
2. 480. 357
12. 76 7. 857

17. 475. 237
42. 133. 3.59
6. 77 1.342
2. 262. 669
10. 793. 42-1

9. 041 . 329
22. 099.1\56
4. 4 7.4 5
9 19. 969
5,960.549

20. f,-l I. 55 1
30. 956. 107
1. 09. 15 1

16. 01 2, 768
18. 843. 395

Wyo ming ·······-· ·· ···············

28. 003, 34 7
30. 066. 094
46. 709. 149
2. 6 18. 809

Hawaii
Puerto Rico ... ·-···· ·····-········Virgin Isla nds _____ .·- ....... .... .. .

1, 98 1. 386
11 , 072.632
6. 965

1, 131. 46
59. 638
6. 965

6. 69, 726
6. 26

1,536. 712

I. 536. 71 2

143. 690

'I'otaL --.-----··· · ··· ··· ·Alabama ·--··-··········· ······-

Ari zona ______ .----- ____________ _

Arkansas_ ........ .............. .
Californ ia ...........••............ _
Colorado __ ..... ............. _..... _
Connec ticut_ ... ............ . ... .. .
Delawa re _..... .
D istrict of Columbia .. . . .......... .
Florid•-·-· · .. _._. __ ........ . . .. .. __
Georgia ... . . -·_ ... ........ . ....... .

2. 79 1.355
10. 09 . 2 14
32. 29 1. 964
34. 26 1. 999

Idah o __ -· ········· · ········ · ···- -.
Ill inois ... .................. .. .... _.
lod iana ...... _...........•..... ..
Iowa _._._ ..... ······ -·· ........ .
Kansas _ ······-···-········-···-

8.690. 712
127, 4 17.~50
43. Gn7. 0 18
23. 752,998
21. 6 19. 409

fg~i~~;~f ::::::::: :::::::::::::

l\Ia,ne .. ····-······-··-······-··
I aryland _-·· .. -· _.............. _. _
l\Iassachusetts .... .............. .. .
l\Iichi ~ruL ...... .. .............. __ _
I in.nesota. ____ ___ _____________ __ _

1\1 iss issi ppL _____ __________ _______ _

Missouri ······················M on tana _ ··········-·········· ·Ne braska ....................... _._
Nevada __________________________ _
Ne w H ampshire __ ____________ ___ _

Tew Jersey ______ ____________ ____ _

New M ex ico __________________ ____ _
New York _____ ___________ ______ __ _

T exas ...... .................... __ ._
Utah ...... ......... . ........... .. Vermont. ......... . ...........•.. . _
Virginia __________________ ---- --- - - 1

t fr~~~ia======================

~Wiscons
~:::
in __ ____ ___________________ _

U nd istri buted b y state

A

n.

5, 598.
8 . 120.
29. 8 18.
15. 38.5.
15. 06.5.

I • 629,394

rn.

88. I
90. 6
89. 6
92. 6
94 . 7
86. 5

I

17. r,29_ 232

10. 020. 18 1
6. 908. 660

73. 9
76. 8
86. 5

88.6
.6
76. J

90. 4

7. 0
79. 0
8 7.~

7 .8
2. I
5.~
8 7. 4

7. 2•10. 9-13
f,89. 797
I . 19. 131
19,906.659
3, WI. 323

6. 42 1. 033
568. 423
I. 561i, 423
16. 2 17. 337
2,8 11 .632

88. 7

45. 69 1. 83-1
12, 39,5. 345
3. 2.'l2. 402
23. 567. 4
8. 7 1.930

5. 2
91. 7
87. 0

89. 5
87 . 9

53. li5-l. 14 0
13, !i l 3. 378
3. 772. 879
30. Ii I 3. 365
11 . 019. 783

93. 0
93. 4
9-1 . 6
90. 2
9 1. I

4. 204. 143
37. 672. 224
3. !il\8, 287
7. 946. 676
3. f>-1 4. 586

3. ,50 . 29-t

83. 4
84 . 3
8 1.0
77. 8
90.8

85. 3

I . 64 I. 953
80.9
77. 5

9

.o

3 1,752.984
2. 89 1. 738
6. 184. 338
3. 2 18,564

82. 4

86. 1
l. 2
85. 4

77.0
79. 7

7. 019. 523

77. 6

3. 98,292

88. 0
86. 9

755. 650
4. 71 0. 796

82. 1
79. 0

10. 333. 953
9. 424. 543
15,753.042
809. 658

8. 322. 963
7. 958. 3 19
13. 366. 795
696. 069

80.5

849. 9 18
2, 2 12.994

I, 8 47, 720

9. 4

. S. D epartw ent of T reasu ry reports; sponsors ' l'XPl'IHli tures l)ased

83. 4

19, 44 0.444

• In cludes su pply runrl adjust ment a nd centra l office projects.
Source '. \V PA exoenditu res based on

85. 0

13. 7fi3, 702
3. 196. 673

? • 352. 840

9 15,652

375. 581
IO~. :J09
078. 73,1
7.52. 0 12
2. 097

83 2

85. 6

OD

\VPA reports.

569, 795

84. 4
84. 9

86. 0
67. 0
83. 5

116

REPORT 0

TABLE XV. -

PROGRESS OF ' l'HE W PA P ROGRAM

AMOUNT OF \VPA AND SPONSORS' FUND S EXPENDED ON P RO J ECTS OPEHATED DY \V P A, BY STATE AND
BY M AJOH TYPE OF PR JECT
CUMULAT I VE 'rl!ROUGIT J UNE 30, 1941

Divisi n of Operation s

Ui ghways, roads, and

Grand total

State

street s

Public buildings

Recreational facililies
(e,clucling bui lcl in~s)

Publicly own d or
operated utilities

Total
Amount

Amonnt

I.;,~t

Amount

Per-

cerH

Amount

Percent

------TotaL ____ ____ _____ $11.365.406. 764
Alahnn,a __ _____ ___ _____ __
Arizona . __ ______ ________ _
A rkA nsas __ _________ ___
California ______________ _

roJorado

---------------

159,610.954
48.2-li .3 4
126, oOI. 265
571. 6fii'. 974
12R.513. 181

Conn ecticut
11 elaware ___ _
District of Columbia _
Fl orida _________ _
C1 rorg: ia _______________ _

121.417. 250
12..I i,. 469
4.1. 709.0li
14:,. Oo3. 669
159. ,91.040

Icloho __________________ _

Kan sas ... ___ -- --- -----

4n, 1s3. 449
so:3.4; 1 313
334. 35 1. ,rn
134 . W12. IIOli
14 l. (ifi"i , 4115

Kentucky _ ------------siaoa___
. ____________ _
:\~oui
l aine
1l aryland _____________ _
:Ir assachusetts ________ _

l ib, 4fi2, il(Jfi
Ho. 11,. 491
3,. !i l1.043
6fs. l•IO.n23
518. Of>9, 589

Olin ois __________ ______ _

lnd iana __________ _____ _
[ O\\~a . ---- - ----- - - - ---- ---

--·-----------1

I

) l irh 1gau

) 1 innesnta.

___ _________
l\lississippi_ ____ . _______ _
l\fisfouri . -·--·-------.:\lonta.na -•-·--------):el)raska ___ .
)IJe,·a<la
-·-----·•-·-

11 , (ii''.:', 150

New Jcr, ey
·····--·1\ fr'>iC'O -··-·--··--

~<'W

New York
........ .
North C'aroli na.......... _

)lorth Dakota _______ ___
Oh io
_________ _
Oklahoma ______ _____ __
--·····--·-· - ·

Pennsyl vania ___ -·--···-

Rhorle lslanrl ___ _
South Carolina
80111 h Dakota
T'ennessee
1'exas
Utah
Vermont.
Virginia
\\· as1110 1non

. ···--··

\\·e-.1 Yirginia .. --·· ·-·
,visconsin
,v y oming ____ ____ ______ . .

Al aska ______ _
Ilawaii
Puerto Hico
Virgin [slnnds

Undistri buted h~· '.UHc

" l nclulk~ s uµply

7S, lt2"i. 7t!7

120. Gf,8, 940

-:\lew· H ampshire ...... _

Orerzon

480. 41\4. 411
277. :i34, 873
126. 0311. ~,4
331\. 3,9. 112.1

A

fu □ tl

36. H19. :JS.I
444. H.13. 34 9
51. :lti4. 380
1. 483. srn. 572
139. lfJ3. 7(i7
fifi. 3I--:9. (ii I

813. 41 i3. f,22
19i, 32i.416
83, 2~3. 358

I

$8.868.679.004

$4. 417.965.6H

38.9

$1. 184.275. 192

10. 4

$940.808. 564

8. 3

$1.160. 410.303

10.2

127. 859. 685
39. 752. 391
103. 92.1. 758
37fi. 290. 54 I
9i IOi-. .l(i7

83. 364. 429
24. R5(i. 58.1
75. 530. 192
101.113.707
·111. 497. :J20

.'i2 2
5 1 ,I
59 7
177
30. I

18. i 7.31
7. 847. 7G2
15.669. 854
71. 3!i6. 357
15. 250. il-17

11.
16. 3
12. 4
12. 5
11. 9

2. 91:J. 294
1. 137 . 0~4
3, 1197. 262
49. 63!l. s:Js
s. r,.1r,. 009

I. 8
2. 3

2. 5

9. li4 .09'
2. 120. 700
I . 439. 522
74. li10. 559
10. 803..506

5. 7
4. 4
I. I
13. 0
8. 4

99,4 48. -186
8. 848. 207
29. 393. ~.l!i
105, ,1117. gg.1
119. 9r,o . .104

• 0. 793. H22
I . 7il. lli4
fi. 37H. 921
4R. :393. 211s
r,9 . llili . ., I :i

:l3. f,

15.328. 213
I . i20.flll,5
6, .173 , E,23
24. 382. \160
17.1109. 173

12. 6
13. 7
14 . 4
16. 8
10. 6

10. i2 1.609
I . IDl.4,13
I. R4 • 305
·1. 77K ,; 72
4. 0.111. ,117

9.5
4. 0

14 . 9
20.0
17.6

2. 5

18,029. 174
2.518.09
,06 1.815
8. fi.59, 504
14 . 369. 9G6

1.lil4.679
112. ' fiO. 03r,
24.
821;
6. li73. 210
Hi.817, 109

4n.

3. 4
13. I
i.3
4. 9
11.9

4. 550. 325
99. 9-14. 939
22. 778. 886
16,068.122
8. 3~3. 730

9. 7
11. 6
6. 8
11. 9
5. 9

I. 8
1~. 9
4. 5
6. 2
6. 1

11 ,118.448
10. 037. 024
4.251.066
9. 553. 709
72,875. 236

6.2
6.
11. 3
14 . 0
14 . I

40. li35. 5~7
f.65. 69fi. 143 1
2J,,;S, 707 , 430

I 10, 40!1, b96
i'S-l

114 . fl~i' .

14 . I
14 0

:l3. 3

43 3

14 , •H l7.~i'7

31 0

-1. 1120, lfi7

9. 9

33'-. 221\. :l4,o
Ir.,. 739. l.5R
r,3_799. 972
SR. fi➔ :l, 421

:39 2
.10. 5
47 3
41 4

53, 129, 70i
28, 73fi. 2,~5
10.153.6SO
ll.318 ..1il

6. 2
.6
7. 5
8. 0
12. 7
12. 0
5. 1

--------.7
4. 4

3. 3

1111. 1711, 11,
!i~ . 1:..;2, 241'-

:,Ii. i

22. 069. 455

11.1. 717 , 743

31. n41. 1m1

l i',:.?:.?fi,037

39 :..;
45 . 9

17.1,r,.v3,
1.921. IO,

,1fl, 23,1. 700
3fi1,\l:.?:.?, l~U

2:i. 3.1:l. 05fi
12-1. 6 13. 4fifl

37 2
24 II

7, i'fiS, fiflO

11 . 4

63. f,76. 905

12. 3

3. Ib3. HSO
18.,55.3 10
: . fiiO. 132
4. 20.1, .jf,3
31.4Sl.032

411V, 239. O(J9
217. 475. 314
92, l>-ifl, 207
273. HI. 515
.~~J . i'H-t , 2£iH

2·M , 14\:1, ~7H
Qi. ORti, 874
.Is. lififl. 351

33, 1193. 737
38. 140, 333
11 .401.13'
31. 30il, 96,
6. 344. 383

6. "
13. 8
9.0
9. 3
.4

25. 255. 038
30. 944. 9ii2
I. ,.52. 399
18. 06H. 333
4.597.0 17

5. 2
II. 2
I. 5
5. 4
6. 1

70,274.979
27,988.3 18
3. 755. ,174
34. 229. 310
4,338.95

14 . 4
10. l
3. 0
10. 2
5. 7

Vii. 440. 638
.~. ,sr,. 49·1
2, ..,,1 . ·106
345. 227,445
44 ..13:i. 11.14

.55, 427,022
3, ifi-t , 160

9, 776. 295
809. 570
1, 9 15. !02
48. 622. 407
13. 785 . . 12

8. 1
6. 9
5. 2
IO. 9
2fi. 8

6.7 13.691
I. 705. 532
3..576. 034
52,254. 11 7
2,343. 106

5.6
14 . 7
9. 7
11. 8
4. 5

14, 64. 792
GiD. 847
~. fiol-1. 994
49, 25 1.462
3, 1:i:l. :1 19

12. 3
5.8
23. 5
IL l
6. 1
13. 4

14H, 1'A2. J12

1. 1 lh, OGO, 2\Jfi
103, 411,1. 77~
S3. r,,1 . sn2
tH3 , ii9!J . 202
I61 . ~i'I . 7~2

14 5. li77. 3\!3
31. 709, JH(I

R..li2. :l39
1.19. 45G, 400
I a. f,(J(i, 248

.iO 2

35. 0
46. I
4:l, 3
41 9
-15. H

32. 2
23 3
35. 8
30 4

301, l!)i, 376 1 211. 3
53, l(i7,I78
38. 2
2R. 345. 4811 42. 7
4 12. 895, .1i8 50. 8
9R. 270. % -1 1\1. 8

12. i

8 . •10 1.2 10
47 ,703,711
3 1.234.367

12 8
5. 9
15

233. 109. 4-14
7. i,6. 488
3, 286. 38
79. 223. 38 1
5. 021. 0.12

15. 7
s. 6
5. 0
9. 7
2. 5

1 8. 495.173
9,203. 704
3. 550, 759
86, 53. 708
10,332. 297

6. 6
5. 3
10. 7
5. 2

5.0
5. 2
II. 3
2. 2
3. 0

6. 48. 98 1
66. 553, 389
15. 068. 822
12. 59 1. 163
4. 139. 686

22. 5
10. 4
5. 7

2. 6

3. 1
6. 1
14 . 4
11. 8
.3
13. 0
3. 3
15. 8
7. 2

42. 3
5G. 7
21. 4
31 4
·14 . 8

6, 906, H23
il.831.631
6. 208. 133
2 1. 650. 304
6. 1)70, 286

.3
6. 9
9. 3
17 9
9. 2

4.17i.1Ui
53. 431. 2-15
7. 568. 22.~
2. 631. 5G3
2. I&~. 3fil

12.5. 912. 1121
223, "-,!)~ . 27.1
4l', 24,, 7011
15. 734. ~2R
fill . f,,55. 553

84. 05S. IOI
131. 552. 059
16, 44 5. 98:J
H. 86.1. 101
30.105.463

56. 8
I I. 4
27. 9
47. 3
32. 9

8. 837. Oi2
34. 752. 551
. 620. 462
S6i. 175
8. 751 .-130

6. 0
10. 9
14 . 6
4. 2
9. 5

3. 858. 83~
12. 013. 742
2. 028. 051'
54fi. fi92
3. 051. 628

3. 3

4. 619. 676
19. 383. 544
. 517. 351
2. 453.9 1i
7.563. 7il

1i6. 217. :Joa
16fi. 3i3. 718
298. 885. 986
19. 912. 134

1.2. ,911. 0114
139. 9GO. 901
240.472. 138
14 . 733,344

60. 1151\. 353
10-1. 42.5, 662
74.415.198
7. 061i. 908

34 . I
62. 8
24. 9
35. 5

14. 1122. ~5fi
8. 96i. 335
28,415, 777
I. 78fi. 543

8. 0
s. 4
9. 5
9. 0

14 . 25fi. 964
2. 42 7. 745
48. 0.56. I9-!
I. 358. fi29

.I
1. 5
16. 1
6.

22. 98i.,i l
s. 4'19. 720
47. 088. 528
1, 42-1. 2i9

20. 743
13. !bl. 1189
12. 839,696
26,214

12. 064. 0~7
11. 071. 7-12

6. 380. G4 7
5. 432. 729

48. 4
42.3

3. 261. 88
2,645.842

24 . 8
20. 6

495. 857
113. 62 1

3.8
0. g

424, 537
300. 369

G!i. li94. 0 15
43. 111 3. 609
52. 600. 44~
89. hi 4. 056
57 . 2h3, ft?3

14i. Sil. 718
3Ii. 7,li . 902
59. 044. 969
20. 825. 3;,7
91. i39. 0111\

3.1, 259. 2117

li ,fi48,8fil

23-1, 395. 44 8 1 15.

14 . :i112. fi87
3i.9-t 2, 727
32..119. 33-!

66. 91 5. 656
120. Sil. 112
72. 642. 868

! , 034 . 80ti. 563

6. 0
9. 0

5Kll, 3-42, 4fi5

5. 85H, 120

adjustm ent and central ollice project s.
(Contin ued on ne,l p:i ge)

3.8

3. 4
2. 6

8. 2

6. 4

117

A PPEN DIX
XV . -A M OUN'l' OF"

TABLE

Y\' P . \

A ' D 8 P ONROnR'

S ' r A'l'E A'\' D RY

:'.II A.JO tl

1<'11'\' Ds Ex PENDED ON P no.1EcTs
T, I'~; Ot' P HOJECT- C'o11ti111 1pd

('t \lll.. .\T I VE TIIHOl"(,11 .l l''\ F

:to.

\irpo rt s and a irwnys
.\mount

Total
A lnhama
Ar izona
A rkan sas
Calirnrnia
Co lorad o

Coo ncct ,cut

DP lnwa rr

Dis trict of Columbia
Flori<la
Oeorgia
I daho
lll inois
I ndiana

I I

I, .~-Ji . 977
1, 4fH. 072

:J. 2
I. 2

fi77, f, 113
2, :m2, IU4

I 4

I , :J'.'-11,, fi23

I. 9

23. 4.19. 39.1
4,829, 428

4. I
3. R

111.011!1,X:ll\

2,394.9121

8, i ll , 2\10

i6.. o
8

:J. 7RO. 642

3. I

-1, 3 11. o:m

3. 6

4, ~K 377
I I. 110. 22:l
3. 496. 50:i

Ill. r,
7 i
2 2

a~o. 11u:;

0 8

:1. ono.:1, .1
~-~-t !l~I

2. l
0. 5

3, 5711, f-iO,li
6. ,24 , IOfi

2. 5
4. 3

497 . .
96.t. lifi

I. 030. 340

2. 2

12. 3%. X\l:l

I, 25fi.

:,mt,.

2. 7

14. 892. 007
4.:!n2.5.J3

l.i
I. 3
I. 9
I.fl

21. \IOS. I lfi

5
2. .,
i . Ci
4 S

15. 7.17, Ohl
ll. 02.\. 150
74 ,\ H20

l.b
1.8
0. 6

1.1, I Ii
2, 1:11, '-IU(i

b 9

:1, .li92, ilfi

2. 6

2,"',~. lflfi

0. 3
2. I

2. 961, 7f,h
3. 197. 173

I. 6
2. 2

!'17, li'-1
1,11 2, fi!I;{
9,, 13 1

l\ J" 11111t'SOta

4. 5.>6, 0fi9

l\ l ississ 1ppi
1\ 1issouri

3.fiH :J20
2. 5 12. 0 11
I. S97. 0'.!2

Nehraska
Ne,•ada

2. 44 5. 540
339. b24
I. fi4fi. 323

6. 736, 649
I. 41if.. ()f,i,

New Yor k
Nor th Ca rolina
North Dakota
Ohio
Ok lahoma

G-1. 201 , !J9-1
4. Ofi2. I In
70, 336
I . 6-10, 202

Oregon
Pennsy l,·ania
RhorlP Is land
outh ('arolina
South llakota

4,03 1,',65
lb. 191 . 01,
3 1S. 043

I I, 20,. 79c

3. 027. ,\94
I. 052. 29f,

1'eam•ssee

5. 615. !07
3. ',4 5, .12 1
2.91),,., 729
30li. 21,
2. 21:1. -,34

Tc, as
Utah

\ 'nmont
Vi re:inin

\\' ashrngtoo
\\' est \'i rgin ia
\\' istonsi n
\ Vyomin ~

t~8;;~f,

l'UL' rto H iro.
\ ' irgin I slands

_ --1

0.1)
I. 4
12. fi

2. 9
I I

1.0
I. 7

2. 9
0. 7
2. !',
2 (I

2 9
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2 9

1,,13, r,,:i

2!i, 2/fi, 00 I

fi. !l22, 01ft
12. fi!O. :12 1
tiU5,tlMi

:t (),17, '-177

:i. l

2(i,

I , Ofii, 279

4. 9

11, :j07. a52
2. 432. 1:i2
25, 050, 777

4. 0
I. 9

640, 455
JO, 624, 4r,i

,r,H

7. fl
10. a

i . 771.044
I, X49. 36.\

2. 3

2. 660, 1:J t

2. 2

2. 39s, 9h0
322. JOG

2, 0

37, 3.12
.\, 4.\fi. 197

10 6

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0. 5
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27, 2•12. 352
R.291. 123
2, 4 l·l. 170
Ii. :l02, 7bl
i.221.lii

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2~. 222. li(J.1
·1.fil-1;), 2 1t-.

2 7

2. 5
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92:l. .1:111
7. SH , .19
2. 059, U.11\
12. 44 ,5. 2'-1:]

4. Ii i 4. :{27
I. Oil.Ii. 11r.:J
7iG. 070

7

u

0.b

10. h
I. 4

3. 9
7. ~
5. I
0

I. 459. 7:39
12. ,0-1. 1144

0. 3
0. I

0. s

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(A)

0. 5

I. 04:i, 74--t
I. 792, t,55
...,0-L ti20

3.,m.1,3

5. 3

141 , 292
2S,'-I. H~i
197. 9h.1

0.:l
0. I
0. I
0. 3

I. 8

2. 1

'19 ,li, S67

2i. Iii , 072

:-mH. 27;,.,

I. 2

2.,11. 14 1

I. 4
0. i
I. 5

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.4

3. i

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0. 1

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0. 2

2. 8
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4, ~I\Jli, 01 3

2. 3
I. 2
2.1
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0. 1

li9, U;,.,;J
:i, UH2

fi,

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3, 02:\ 12H
2 1:1. 12:i

O.·l

o. i

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6. 0
3. 6

o. 8

12. 9\1:J. 11\111
342. 11:;7
2, 126
1, 162, 2fifi

3. 7

l .1fi, 21!1

0. l

J.8

:JY2, 4ih

I. 2

2, 710, tl2fi
221J, lj)-.,1

0. 5
0. 3
0. 3

0. 2

7. :130, 2291
.I. 91 I. 673
274, 2-JO
1-1. fia)-.. ti92

91,, 451
2, Uo4 , 204
572, 219
I, ~S2 , ;193
7, ox:,.,, fi34
HiH, 454

3,, 9·111, 434
). )hfi. 005

(A)

320, '-17

0. 1

10. , 12. 112
I. 74i, 275

1..1
2. 1
0. 2
2. 5
I. 2

I. 7

4. 9
5.1
1. 6
1. 3

2. 6
0. 8
0. 5
I. 3

o_9

2. 171 . 954

2. 6

2, 92.), 6:-.i
1, ii:\, b71
2,2 19.~72

29

fl l . 04 .1

0. 1

0. 3
2. i
l. h

HOil, 764

0 .9

l.5,•172, 175
b. :ion. 344
2. 4f10, 0.tfi

JO. 5
2. 6

0. 3

g:i2. ,ii5

0. 6
0. 5
3. i

2, 9fill

4. 2
(A)

4.19, 13 1
133. l:i3
4.1:l. 539
33 ..

.), Oi .t . ~£17

5 5
0 6
7_2

5. 2

lh, 3Y I . ii I

10. 4

I , 13!1, HM

2. 2

1. :rn.1. 1:in

0. 9

23, i80, 7U7
I. 34G. 8h0

0. 8
8 0

12, OU ! , 2Ht1
I , 909 ..,02
57 1. 96:l

25,373

H!'1I. 791

( ')

H74

2. 5

:t 222, f!fii

3. i
7 3

3. 593. 572
2. 687. 437
442,671

3•14.9:!4

,~.i;

0. 6

:1.

2, -H t,, 731
b. 027. :ioa
2, 1191. 192

~- 103. 1134

r,.s

(A)

nu:-.-.

5. 9
6. I
3. (I

f, 5

0 8

0. 3

2:l. G70.•J:lfi

5. 4 Iii. fifil

I, I0'-I, Ufi2

,ir,

99,

4. b

1. 0
6. 2
2. 4

1. 5

5, :JOI. l llS

2 2
2. 9

l,21i0.fi2,
77fi, i~i
1, on:-.-. 2t,5

I , iH2, M:J

1.5

o. o

I. 9
2.6

o. 2

I. 8

0. 4

9. 6

:JI '· ,106

2. 8

99'-I, 027

i, 4~H, 97f1

0. 6

3. 430. hl6
•Jr O?fi

I, 9-Hi, 797

r;,o. 2 11
2, 2!'3, 1111:J
13. 3:J:J, :1,4
r;, 424. nn:1

0.8

I. 3

2711, ,1:i;,.,

0. ,)

rn1t. no~
10 ,%S.2:l.5

0. 3

0. 5

170, 2/iU

11.:J

o. 7

I. 96:J, 543

2i~: nfl 1

12 1, m~2

(A)

I . 7211. 652

3. 9
.,. 2

7. 941.

I

P e rcen t
I 7

o. 4

9 1:>. h)2
:J. 1r,:1. 1121
:J02. llh9

9. Sfi6

I. 7Xf., JX:J
6. 3%. 00.1
I i. 5Ufi. Sfi7
a. 7.14. no

2. 2

5H I . 22:{
7, i ,.,

2. fi

4. :i

'2
0
,\
2 4

I

4. I
2. 9
I. 9

93!'"1, 071
2, f.3"'. 727
2<i, g-.,3,,1:ii

2. 9
I. 3
I. 4

3I
5_
I

fJ, fl i2. 092

_\mount

ll.•I

I, 77:\.Ht'2

4, 796. 03~

ew ~re,i"co

I 9

$ 122, ),,.42. lfi2

~l ic l11ga n

1

Pn('Cllt

2. Ii

1,039. 165
I . 995. f,25
4, 72.1. 3,)5
2. 009. 390
7. 043. 073

__

., mount

2. t

Kentucky __
Louisiana
l\ l aim•
l nryland
l\ Jassnrhusrtts_

New n ampsbire. __
New J('f S('Y

P rrrr nt

·L 2:'l~. :l07

2,529, 5.i(i
2. 24b. I.>3

Ion tan a

Amount.

Pt.•n·1.•nt

BY

Other

Sa nitation

Comwn·atiou
.\ m ount

\ Y P A,

Concludi•d

~27:l, fi29. oS6

Kansas

Iowa

PnC'r nt

n,

1nt1

I >1,·iswn of Opt•ra ti ous

Sta te

OPERATED

2. 6

o. 2

lJnd1s ln l1Lll ed l)y s tate

( Coucludcd o o ne, L page)

0. 6
2. 9

(A)

I, ·12ti,079

mo. 205

0.

2.

107, 91:-.i

0. 1

5H:i, f,i '-1
2.9.\11. 442

2. 9
3. 2

li l 2. 1:llt

u. 3

2. 3 1!!. 39'

s2<,. :l03

o. 3

I. liltt. 435
l:l. 290. 102
50\1.20 1

I. 3
1. 0
4. 4

,,r,

22Ci. 2i0

0. 2

l.l

2. 6

11 8

REPORT ON PROGRE SS OF 1' H E WPA PROGRAM

TABLE

X \ ·.

A~1 0UNT Of'

WPA AND
PON SO Rs' F NOS EXPENDED ON P noJE T S OPERA1' ED BY
AND BY
I A .JOH TYPE 01° PROJEC
Concl ucl cd

WPA , B Y .'1'A'l'E

CtT\I ULATl\'E TIIROt'r.11 JUNE 30 , 19-U

--,

State

Dh· ision of Community Serv ice Programs

Public
activities

National
ctefcnsc
vocationa l

W elfa re (i ncludi ng
sewing)

Research and
rec rd s

Total
Amount

Total

$2.455.634.826$735.100.052

Ala bama

PerC'f'nt

\mount

6. .5$-128.303,044

Per·
cen t
3.

PerAmo~

I

, l,1 57, Oll,.099-

1

1

4. 8
67
3. 4
11 3
5.

4, 423.385
l.1 15.006
4, 18I.S03
23. 767,029
3. 350,530 ,

2.8
2. 4
3.3
4. 2
2. 6

16, 098,.072
4.032,S75
13,343, 1!9
91,160.250
19. 005. 647

10 I
8.3
10.5
15. 9
14 . 8

2,925,4 11
465.5 10
497,994
14 , 101.707
l, 045, 404

21,463,822

, 218. i7i
! , 019. 423

6. 8
8. l

4. 594. 70

3. 62-1. 214

317,319

3. 8
2. 5

7,179,990
2,128.461

5 9
16. 9

16, 152. 790
39,217, 374
39, 07 . 383

3. 608. 192
9. 462, 833
8,699. 768

7 9
6. 5
5.4

5,63 1,035
4, 66S, 802
6,637,011

12.3
3, 2
4. 2

6,734,349
23, sos. 338
23,004,209

14. 7
16, 4
14 .4

Idaho _ ____ .. .. _.
Illinois .... ____ . . __ _
India na . ____ ____ __ _
Iowa
K a nsas ___________ _

5.96',414
197. 6-12, 407
47, (\.11. 163
23. 755, 194
26. 968. h52

I, 939. 947
69,126. 416
15,903, 650
6, 349. 581
6. 698. 471

4. I

449. 246
39,031, 15
5. 350. 37
4,035. 391
2,3 1fi.621

1.0

7. 6
34. 837
9. 2 10, 0 1 . 981
i o, 3. 039, 489
9-19. 322
9. 2
12 4
428. 21

Kentucky .
Louis iana
M aine
M a ryland
Massachusetts

31,378,999
29. 66. 087
5, 715, 652
11. 409, 333
155. 159, 7•16

8,912,701
10,181,441
I , 196,169
3. 926. 470
38, 14 6.85fi

5. 0

Michiga n
1inoesota
~lississ ipp i
l\Iissouri
M ontana

76, 152, 368
59,760,914
33. 427 ,612
62,250,320
15, 35. 016

25. 5 19. 066
17, 265, 210
8,220.989
11. 147. 372
3,876.468

5. 2
6. 2

Nebraska
Nevada
__
New H am pshir
New J crs y

24,093.397
2, 7 2, 692
8,019,599
98, 240. 724
6,627,076

7, 629, 791
64, 63
I. 3 0. 637
. 9-17, 326
2. 253. 153

6. 3

Connecticut
Delaw·are
Dis trict or Columbia
Florida
Georgia _______ _

New rfcxico

8. 0
4. 7
4. 7
4. 7
7. 0

3. 2
5, 8
7. 4

6. 5
3. 3
5. 1
7, 4

3. 7
6, 5
4. 4

ew Yo rk
_
or th Carolina_
North Dakota __
Ohio
Oklahoma_

346, 7 . 427 138, 184. 640
lO, 642. 139
36, 184. 935
12, 653. 34~
3. 620,008
139, f.37, 621
43, 0 l, 9
7,514.431
35. 799,580

Oregon
____ _
Pennsylvania ____ _
Rh ode Island
South Ca rolina
South Dakota

15,909. 451
I 9, 433, 985
14, 239, 370
30,8 18,377
15, 399, 283

4,893, 714
49, 134,387
4. 028. 902
8. 54 4, 629
2, 945. 450

5. 9
4. 7
6. 0

Tennessee _____ _
Texas ____________ _
Utah
Vermont _ ____ ____ _
Virginia __

21, ,39. 529
93,072.001
10,485.174
5. 048. 962
30, S35, 541

4. 914. 289
19. 457, 4 6
3. 791. 049
l. 505,054
7,599. 725

3. 3
6. 2

Washin gton ______ _
West Virginia _
,visconsin
Wyoming

33, lOO, 873

9,253, 776
8. 874. 564
Ii. 710,875
I, 274,687

Alaska
H awaii
Pu erto Hico
Virgin Isla nd s
U nd istribu ted
state C

;~· i~:- ·:~:
4,985.882

20, 743
I, 065, 53 ,
I, 140,568
26, 214

9. 3
7. 6,
5. 5

u

7. I
4. l

6. 4
7. 2

8. 4
5. 3
5. 2

I. 6

3. 544. 384
79. 465. 195
23. 3•17, 646
12,420.900
li , 526,542

6. 000, 142
5. 721, 205,
l, 000, 349
3. 238. 65
30,097. ; 2

3. 4
3. 9
2. 7
4, 7
5.

16,363.8 15
13. 607,014
3. 282. 46 1
4. 138. 792
77. 195. 695

14. 9

18. 900. 70
14 . (j37. 656 ,
;, 493,839
10. 434. 375
2. 670. 935

3. 9
5. 3
3. 6

28. 512. 095
26. 161. 477
19. 575. 639
37,087. 281
9, 229.396

15 5
11.0
12. 2

3. 894. 523
430. 494
962. 282
26,152,901
,508, 200

3. 2

4. 5
l. 6

3. 0

3. I
3. 5

3. 7
2. 6
5. 9
1.0

59. 235. 403
3. l 76, 266 '
2,334, 797
25. 578. 317
3. 344 . 692

4. 0
2. 3
3. 5

2. 832. 752
37, 583. 91 I
l, SS l, 272
I, 140, 794
l , 791 ,429

3. 4
3. 6
2. 8

3. 164,517
11. 227,351
I. 365. 659
l, 437. 675
5. 69 . 285

5. 9
6. 4

6. 442, 237
2. 391,067
17. 626. 100
697,859

20. 743 100. 0
333. 396
2. 5
0. 6
78. 329

260, 662
4~:gt~

3.1
l. 7

0. 9
2. 5
2. 2
3. 5
2. 3

9. 2
9. 3
.8

6. I
5. 9
9. 4

9. 7

11, 686, 465
1,461 ,944
5,506, 234
36,357, 120
3, 30. 334

12. 5
15. 0
8, 2

7. 4

115. 16. 125
20. 391 , 720
6. 039, 951
63. 992. 623
24. 238. 060

7. 8
14 . i

1

1.2
I. 3

533,478
102. 036

0. 4

179. 214
1,283,40 1
737,395

0. 4
0. 91
0. 5

222, 703
420. 220
458,923

0. 5

120,760

58, 6ss'
o. 1
o. 3
0, 2 -1, 515,449 - 0. 2
0. 1
0. 2
332, 6-14
0. l
614,467
0. 5
0. 1
-94 , 060 -0. I

3. 7
I. 4
5. 9
3. 5

15,620. 792
14,275.307
I S. 379,656
3,013,336

8. 6
6. 1
15. I

2, 0

270. 230

2. I

.9

!~:; ____1, 013,891 ... 7.9 -·
1

0. 1
L 2
0. 9
0.7
0.3

0, 8

0. 3
0. 3

I, 649. 212

670,482
121,449
164,919

443.890
0. 3
-431,1 7 - 0. 9
157,347
0. 1
-50, 906 ( 8 )
233, 0 I
0. 2
-28, 536
4,012

(B J
( 8)

-60, 331 -0. I
-141, 919 -0, 1
0. 2
293. 230

0.1
o. 2
0. 6
0. 2
l. 9

429. 92
400. 789
10 . f,-151
335, 740
1, 097. 224

0. 2
3
0, 3
0. 5
0. 2

3,220.337
I. 696,571
I. 137, 14.,
3. 581,292
58, 217

0. 7
0. 6
0. 9

2, 160. 487
289. 608
335,891
559. 334
3,574

0. 4 - 1. 087. 453 -0. 2
0. 1
9. 037 (B)
0. 3
81, 164
0. 1
0.2
127,856 (B)
0. I
- 85, 139 -0. 1

65. 663
8,208
164, 242
l, 026, 054
54, 673

0. 5
2
0.1

2,618
2S, 616
200. 446
6. 783. 377
35,389

5 17,422
I, 550, 409
16. 487
96. 323
1,494. 536

17. 2

I.

102,341
3.,6. 427
236,670
105. 413
9, 719, 768

.7
19. 1

6. 2

0. 1

I, 470, 347
159,011

459. 86
6,315. 379
143, 68
!, 7 15,050
l . 178,043

5, 637. 764

Percent

1.0
0,4
2. 5
0.

9. 3
7. 723. 1171 9. 3
96. 400. 30
12. 2
s. 185,328
19,417,904 16. l
13. 0
9,484. 361

by

I_cPer·
_c_n _t _A
_ m_o_u_nt
0. 2
0. 1
0.1
0. 3
0. 3

7, 9
12. 3

9. 0
9. 7

A

24•1. 895
70,923
133, 44 5
1
l, 23,987
340,436

33,552. 259
1.974.510
608, S92
6. 9,4. 792
702. 397

9. I

12. 43. 301
60. 36, 755 ,
5. 31 I, 979 ,
2,009,910
15. 742, 995

6. 9

, n,ount
~"
- -

10.2$134,431.131 ~$29,995,838 ~ $ 1 1.097,096

7,621,116
3,212. 157
4.362,099
64. 575. 35
7. 429. 5l f

Ari zona __

Per-

cent _ _A_m_o_u_□_t_ _ce
_□_t

3 1.068,48•1
. ' ,5S,248
22.381. 715
193. 60-1. 3o2
30. 83 1,097

Arkansas
California
Colorado

?\ riscellaoeous

training

Other

l. l
0. 1

0. 7
0. 2
0. 5
I. 5
0. 1

2, 3
I. 4
LO
0.8
0. 4

0. 6

o.

0. 1

0. I

o.

5,02 . 716
246,944
70. 674
l, 14, 307
230,684

0091

0. 6

0. 4

507, 163
646. 059
38 1. 673
19,680
351, 796

o. 3

LO
o. 3
I. I

345, 4 ' 4
686. 0 7
I, 41 , 090
160, 675

0. 2

201. 250

I. 5

31,592
130.

22, 199

84 7

l , 784,068
440. 550
3. 507. 497

5, 637. 764

0. 4
L6

0.1

359, 126
147,577

0. I

o. 3

0. 3 13, 999, 103
1.0
0, 2 - 703. 890 -o.o
-22, 213 (B)
0. 1
o. 2 -1. 687. 50 -0.2
0. 1
- o. 630 ( B)

2. 483.
6 9,564
125. 692
36~. 387
64, 752

0. 5
(B)

~~:
;:11(B)0. 1
24, JO
I

o. 6

0. 2
l. 4
I. 6

-19 .097 -0.1
133, 72
0. 1
46. 755
0. 1
160. 150~ 0. 2
- 119, 561 (B )

0. 3
0, 2
0. 3
0. 1
0. 2
0. 6
0. I
0. 4

o. 4

0. 5
0. 8
0. 2
LO

I ·-

196,083
0. 2
-330. 595 (B)
-49, 854 -0,1
-125, 708 -0. 1
-84 , 990 -0.1
13. 005 (B)
181 . 567 ,
0. 1
-70, 578 -0.1
0. 1
21. 919
196, 170
0. 2
- 119, 058 -0.1
-254, 758 -0. I
-228, 370 (B)
32, 233
o. 1
19. 932
496. 49

o.- i
3. 9

220,3fi5 • • __

" rncludes adjustments fo r excess of deposit s in th e s uppl y fund over payments out or the s upp ly rund and fo r items in tran sit to con trol acco un ts
anrl sponsors' expendi tures fo r land, lanrl leases. casC'ments, anrl rigb ts-of·wa y .
8 Less than 0.05 percent
c [ncludes supply funrl adj ustment anrl centrn l oll1 ce proJects.

Source : \\'ork P ro1ects Admm1s trnt1o n.

11 9

A l'l'EI\' DI X

T

BLE XVT. -

A AI OUNT OF WP A

\VP A,

AN D ~ P0'1i"On. , f<'nNDS ExPEN D F.D ON P noJEC'Tf; OPF:ltATED BY
AN D BY l\ l A J O I{ TY PE OF P1 t0JE T

TIY. TATE

YEAR END ING J UNE 30, 194 1
Division of Opcrati0n -5

High ways, roads.
Stn te

Oran ct tot al

Rccr ra tinnal
faci lities

P u b lic buildings

noel streets

Publicly owned
or or rated

(e,cluding
buildings)

Tot al

utilities

- - - - - - , - - - 1 -- - --.---1
Amou nt

$ 1,787,045,332
Total
Alaba ma ________ ________ ____ __
34,236, 423
8. 4G I, 900
na __ __ ___ ___ ______ ____ ___
Ariz
Ar kansas
26. 59 ] , 888
California _______ _____ __ ________
91. 707. 1120
Colorado __ _____________ ____ ___ _
19,503,392

Connecticut _______ __ _____ _____ _

PerI cent

Amount

Percent

Amount

Percent

Amount

Percent

$ 1. 32G, 154,584

$68H. 74!i, 215

38. 6

$1 , 778. 727

IO. 6

$85, 477.979

4. 8

$194,876,686

10. 9

27,056, 935
i. 2i2, 1197
21,210,6 18
60. 5 18. 3G3
14 . •165. 703

l7,28fi,.o l0
4, 21\7, 049
II\, 4\1·1, 252
l8,4:J l , •12'J
6. 82•1. 342

50. 5
50. 4
62. 0
20. I
35. 0

4,476, 185
943, 154
2 . .141.63 1
13, 927 ..53 1
2, 655. 262

13. I
ll 2
9. 6
15. 2
I 3. 6

376, 792
4J,0 13
202,077
4, 119,89
728. 989

I. I
0.5
8
4.5
3. 7

1,663,0 15
46~. 372
323, 16G
10,806. 287
I. 752, 202

4.8
5. 5
I. 2
l I. 8
9, 0

5. 9
4. 3
I. 2
9
1. 4

2,45 1. 142
329, 904
! , 538, 4 7
I. 189. 667
I. 7 9,051

15. 6
11. 8
15. 2
3. 7
5. 2

o.

15, 737, 768
2. 791. 3.5,)
10, 09 . 21 4
32. 294, 964
34,26 1,999

JI, 83 1,606

<I, 409, 846

1,98i.99 1
6,630. 21
24,088,612
25, 1'3, 943

43!,, 546
42i, 036
7, 7\l , 07
16,950,462

28. 0
15. 7
4. 2
24. I
49. 5

I. 79, 198
82i, 094
L. 029, 4 2
7, 095,99 1
2, 7 14, 32

11.9
29. 6
10. 2
22. 0
7. 9

93-l. 072
120, 144
11 7,5 16
276, b89
479, 78

8,690, 712
127. 4 li, 8.'i()
43,667, 01!,
23, i 52. 9%
21. 619,409

7,582.030
'6, OSI. iM,
33. •11 9, 426
19,344,91 5
16. 7 2. ()<JO

3, !HO, 11 1 1 34. 7
45, hO!l, 563 36. 0
21.nn.3 14
ll ,67 ',3i4
8,67;,%9

50. 3
49. 2
40. I

817, 100
7. 254, cIO
3, 56. 21 5
2, 262. 222
2, 288. 155

9. 4
5. 7
8. 8
9. 5
JO. 6

244 ,246
JO, 676,847
1. 314, 11 6
508,447
2,3 15,286

2.
8. 4
3.0
2. 2
10. 7

9 4, 466
15,681.027
3,67 , 291
2, 714. 4~0
I. 20, 172

11. 3
12. 3
8. 4
11.4
8.4

M aryland ___ __________________ _
l\I assacbusetts ________________ _

31,344 , 35fi
25,127,983
7,955, gr,5
12, 752, 708
78,493, 982

24, 94 , 932
18. 432. i21
6,701.44 5
10,463,818
53,593, 140

16. 950, 39S
9, 83l;, fiM
2. 39,>, i2 I
<I, 278, 059
19. s.,n. 78.,

54 . I
39. 2
30. I
33. 5
25. 3

3, 376. 762
2,73 1. 396
339. 936
I. 116, II 5
8. 626. fiG5

10.
10. 9
4. 2
8. 8
II. 0

l86, 183
1,2 16,210
75, 235
178, •14 1
3,95 1,838

0. 6
4.8
9
I. 4
5.0

1,985,254
I, 673,08 1
37h. 450
1. 204,094
12. 362. 365

6.3
6. 7
4. 8
9. 5
15, 8

M ich igan _____________________ _
l\Iinn ota ___ ____ ____ ______ ___ _
M ississippi_ ___ ________ ___ __ ___ _
l\I issouri __ ____ ____________ ____ _
M ontana _______ ___ ______ ______ _

70, 94 . 874
42, 03, 484
26,954, 117
56. 963, 103
11 ,53 1,317

51, 690, 97fi
32,365,633
19, 747. Sf,6
43,450, ~84
, 673. 111

34,083, %1
14,534,0 16
l l ,8h2. l!,9
27. 330, 599
4, 172, 105

48. 0
34. 0
44 . 1
48. 0
36. 2

3, lfi7, 319
5, 182, 408
2, 251, 8211
5,951.0 16
1. 092, 56

4. 5
12. 1
8. 4
10. 4
9. 5

I, 984,340
3, 481,, 939
224, 18 1
2,2 13, 797
378. 795

2. 8
.I
0. 8
3. 9
3. 3

9,384, 125
5. 674, 700
92 1,694
5, 767,822
489. 095

13. 2
13. 2
3. 4
10. I
4. 2

l cxico ______ ____ _______ _

22,843,906
], 944 ,939
6,28 1, 10 1
65,240, 100
II , 047. 967

18,260.406
I , 3fi-1, i29
4. 846, 3•15
46, 0.,:l, 0 15
9, !i55. 274

11, 039,878
628,946
I , 2(i7, 191
21,08 1,807
2. 88 1. 03 1

48. 3
32. 3
20. 2
32. 3
26. I

2, 531, 525
189, 407
462,384
6,531,75 1
3, 279, 400

11. I
9. 7
7. 4
10. 0
29. 7

659, 09 1
192,237
386, 762
4,394.999
178,623

2. 9
9. 9
6. 2
6. 7
I. 6

2, 783,901
134,384
I, 68~. 326
8,670, 490
850, 614

12. 2
6. 9
26. 9
13, :i
7. 7

New York
orth Carolina __ ______ _____ ___ _
North Dakota __ __ __ __ ___ _____ _
Ohio . ___ __ ______ ____ ____ ____ ___
Okl aboma ______ ___ _______ _____ _

168, 090, 036
36. 642. 206
II , 027. 253
J07, 002, 0 11
32,787,246

123.685. i lO
28. 652, 4 lh
8, ~SI. 907
81. 267, 148
23,000, 179

•11.3 15,41
17,434 , 994
5, 080, 960
55,480, 70 1
13, 383, 920

24 . 6
47. 6
46. I
51.
40.

24,8 16,271
4,529, 108
I. 535, 858
2, 532, 342
5, 600. 735

14. 8
12. 4
13. 9
2. 4
17, 1

19, 230.864
952,539
381. 73
6,254 , 943
459, 787

11. 4
2. 6
3 5
5. 8
I. 4

28,486, 142
2. 605, 6-12
539,377
12, 492,0S7
1, 231 , 096

16. 9
7. I
4. 9
II . 7
3. 8

Oregon ____ ______ __ _______ __
PennsyJ\, aoia _____ ___________ _
Rhode Island
Somh Carolma
South Dakota ___ _____ ____ ___ __ _

13,968. 173
139, 7,473
11 . 065. 933
28, 5S4. 341
IO. 399. 428

I I. 087. 20 1
106. 189. 365
. 119, 106
22. 3h9, \!22
7. h56. 296

5. 10 1. 622
68,5 19,1 36
2. 547,981
7.~1 5,660
4,517,280

I 40. 8

49. 0
23. 0
27. 3
43. 4

I. 443,229
13,784,830
446,308
4,952.004
I , 356. 964

JO. 3
9. 8
4.0
17. 3
13. 0

352,469
6,054 , ' 02
745. 48
254 , 5 13
193,257

2. 5
4. 3
6.
o. 9
1. 9

1,922. 461
11,240,226
3, 764, 330
7, 561,300
60,209

13.8
8. 0
3•1. 0
26. 5
5. 8

Tennessee _____ _
Te,as ________ __ _______ ________ _
tah
Ver mont _______ ___________ - - --Virginia ______ _____________ ___ _

28,6 13,006
68,964, 70h
I I, 62, ~hO
3,400,326
18, 728,406

23, 6:i4, 0h4
4i, 98,5. 61, 2
9. 496. &--2
2, 30S, 93fi
12,733.347

16, 727, 713
27, 81l5. 319
3, ().13, 100
I, 430. 499
7, 296, 263

58. 5
40. 4
25. 7
42. I
39. 0

1. 897, II
9,7 14,478
I , 482, 166
80, 362
1. 763, i90

6. 6
14 . I
12. 5
2. 4
9. 4

378,412
I, 807, fi92
20S.89 1
5X. 959
18 1,1 33

I. 3
2. 6
1.8
I. 7
1. 0

975,633
4,45 1,254
2, 063,224
393,64 1
2, 000, 29 I

3. 4
6. 5
17, 4
11.6
10. 7

\V ashmgton _______ ___________ _
W sl Vi rgin ia ______ ___________ _
Wyoming _______________ --- - --_

28, 963, 3•17
30,066, O!J.1
46, 709, 149
2,618, h09

23, 31,3,
24. 199,
34, , 10.
I, 628.

375
GOH
508
56li

G. 935, 534
18, 482, 22 1
13, 655, 505
833, ' 76

24. 0
61. 5
29. 2
31. 9

2,027.175
I. 364,586
4, 577,834
313,637

7. 0
4. 5
9. 8
12. 0

879, 126
529, 43
4,24o.6G-I
47,449

3. 0
1. 8
9. 1
I. 8

4,207,05 1
82·1. 13
7,693, 318
23 . 564

14 . 8
2. 7
16. 5
9. I

Il ewaii
Puerto Rico __ ___ ______ _
Vi rgin Islands ___ ________ _

l. 9bl,3h6
11, 072.632
6. 905

I, 806. 502

816, 509

41. 2

577,035

29. I

10, 79 1
80,378

o. 5
0. 7

62, 760
267,828

3. 2
2. 4

Delnwarc

District of Colu mbia __ _____ ____ _
F lorida __ _______________ _______ _
Georgia _________________ _______
--Idaho ---- -------- ---------Illinois ___ _______ _-- -- ___ --- -- - Indiana __ _________ _______ ___ __ _

Io,va _______ _______________ ____ _
Kansas __ ____ ____________ ---- __ .

;L::::::::::::::::::::
t~ii;'/~
____________________ _
l\l aine _____

N ebraska _______ __ __ _______ __ _
_ __ _____ ______ __ _
Nevada __
New Il amps hi re __________ _____
New Je rsey ______ _______ ____ _
ew

"W isconsin

__________ ____ ___ _

Undistributed by st ate'
• laclud

9,495, 949_ -

_''.:'.:~?~ ( :::_::::::~:~:::: -~~

I. 536. 712

---------------- --

supply fund adjustment and central office projects.
(Cont111ued on next page)

4

o.

o.

120
T

REPORT 0

XVI.

BLE

PROGRE

OF THE WPA PROGRAM

AMOUNT OF WPA AND Sp "1FSOms' I<' N o s l'-: XPENDED ON PR O.JECTS OPEHATED BY WPA , BY STA 'rE
AND BY M A.JOR TYP E O F P1t OJECT- Conlinurd
YE\H ENDING J l!NE

30, 1941

Divisio n or Op rations-Coaclud d
Airports and ainvays

State

Amount

--- - -- -- ----Total__ ____ _. - .. --

P ercent

Sanita tion

Conservation

I Percent

Amount

2. 5

3. 9

$44,4 19,97 1

6. 3
15. 4

4.12. 269
27,239
225, 6-14
5, 3-12, 7 7
359. 7,54

I. 2
0. 3
0. 8
5. 8
1. 9

I , 174 ,347

7. 5

1. 8

District or Columbia_
Florida
___ ----- __

3, 2-15, 354
6,756,525
1,4 6,263

32. 2
20.9

276, 206
102, 4 0
I. 723
197, 6fi9
14 5. i36

Idaho
llli noiS .----- --------- --

189. ,516
3,247, ,592
I, 26fi, 945
866,601
621. 785

1- - --1--

Alahnma
A r izona
Arknnc.as

Californ ia
('olorudo
Con nec ticut ___Delaware

____

__ _
_ _

Cleorgia. ______ ___ __ __

lnrliaoa .. ...... ------ -[ O\V8

---- ------ ---- -- -

Kansas --- ------- -- - --

Kentucky __ _______ ___ _
Louis iana __ _______ ___ _

~fnine
___ __ ___ ___ _
l\fary land
__
Massach usetts ___ -- - __
Michigan

__________ _

l\ linn csota ___________ _
l\rississippi ____ ___ __ __
1\ 1issou ri_ ------ -- ----

l\fontaaa

Nehras ka
revarla

__ __ _

New ll amps hire
New JNsev

New l\ fexiC'o
ew Yo r k

__

419, 700
I , 262,42 1
3,348, 761
I , 400, 763
2,763,391

I. 2l(i, 1.55
I, 440, f. 46
1, 53, 366
242,88 1
935. 069

502, 196
123, i57
783,998
367, 90f,
575, .'>-l

3. 6
6.0

7. 7

4. 4
2. 2
2. 5
2. 9

3. 7
2. 9
1. 3
5. 0
42 I
11.0

3 5
I. 7

3. 4
6. 9

0. 4
.I

2. 2
6. 4
12. 5

0. 6
5. 2

North Carolina. ____ .
No rth Dakota ____ __ __ _
Ohio
_____ _____ _
Oklahoma _____ ___ ___ _

2,286,583
1,710, 928
468, 223
3, I 15, 706
751,079

4. 7
4. 2
2. 9
2. 3

Oregon
__ __ ___ _
Pennsylva nia . ________ _
Rh ode Tsla ncl _________ _
South Carolina
Sou th D a kota

645, 210
5 12,897
144 , 17
539,580
I 6, 899

4. 6
4
I. 3
I. 9
I.

Tennes see

____ ___ __ _

I. 4

o.

645, 235
1, ,524, 47 7
1, 238, 205
5?, 290
775,679

2. 3
2. 2
10. 4
1.5
4. I

3,732,21 5
I, 048, IOI
5-15, 659
107,062

12. 9

n awnii
----- - --- - -304,015
Puerto Rico __________
1, 981. 9
Virgi n Islands __ __ __ __ ___ ____ _

rUtah
rexas - ___
------------__ ___ ___
___ _
Vennont_ __________ ___ _
Viqdni a

-- --- - --------

Washingto n ____ ____ ___
\Vest Vi rginia _______ ___
,v isconsin ___ ________ __

W yo ming .. ___ ______ __ _

P ercent

Am ount

L ess tbao 0.05 percent.

Percent

Amount

Percent

63,027
438, .50
75, ,;.10
1,394,8 17
1,910, 88fi

7, 882
111, 49-l

{-')
0. 3

6, 705
199,342
42, 87~
438,101
73,621

0. 1
0. 2
0. 1
1. 8
o. 3

72, 71
784,64 1
61 , 3 12
179,975
38,521

19,060
203. 251
33, 8G6

0. 1
0. 4

o. 7

1,3 18,831

1.7

I, 65 , 15
660, 198
53, '36
74 2,390
2, 784 , 45

11 3, 97
250, 577
25,641
95,472
39. 8 1

0. 2
0. 6
0. 1
0. 2
0. 3

764, W6
2 10, 190
2 1,074
232, 24 7
87,594

0. 1

0. I
0. 2

127,312
20,442
152,445
I, 141 ,800
114 , 485

0.5

4,065, 572
105, f.26
4 , 121
422, 119
99, 07

2. 4
0. 3
0. 4
0. 4
0. 3

2. 0

0. 2
I. 7
1.0

236,390
40 , 630

0. 7
1.6

10. 9
2. 4

149, 109
17,634

2. 3
11. 7

251,069
19, 0.59
b3. 590
2, 193, 21 I
1. 35-1,%2

I.I
1.0
I. 3
3. 4
12. 3

738, O:H
339. ti.5S

0. 4
0. 9
6. 0

fHi3, i~:i
436,337
90, lfi.1

o. 4

601. 60,5

4. 3

3,545, 99-1
174 , 12 I
30, 76 1
501,371

2. 5

2. 7

I. 6
o. 1
4.

425, 31'6

1. 5

I , 07,5, 579

I. 6
5. 4
2.1

I.I
17. I

I. 2
4. I
15. 4
17. 9

18,578

o. 2

0. 7
5. 7
2.

I

~2. 043
80 1,055
213,085
745,!i63
927, 939
163,SH
219, 0 19
562, 54
207, 779
I. 199, 13 1
165, 161
743,091
39:l,.545

I. 5
2. 7
I. 2
I. 9

0. 3

1.
I. 03 1
I. 2

0. 8
0.6

0. 2
0.8

o. 2
5.3
2. 6

5. 8
3. 6

I.I
0. 5

0. 4
0. 7
I.I
2. 4
J.&
1.0

(A )
0. 3
0.1

1. 5

69,0 15
964, 774
27, 272

0. 3

3
0. 9

2. 6
3. 8

73,563

0. 7

0. 3

116,520
9, 735
93,028

0. I
0.

0 5
2 5
I. 5

o. 2
I. 7

I. 5

0. 9

8. 5
I. 1

118,791
I, 558, 069
209, 8.55
598

0. 4
5. 2
0. 4
(A)

(Concluded on next page)

2K 30,,
3. %4
21,
r,49 1
R69, 996
10,, 506

4, 7
2.5
0.6
1.3

2,00 1, 263
45, 9 4
1
3 13, 94
21,773

2. 449, 409
i7 5, ~77
13 1, 40
2,966
325,099

3 17,355

0.

1. 2

1,877,222
335, 195
134,363
337, 129

o. 7

1. 8
3. I

0. 9
0. 9
0. I
2. 3

(A)

13,648
40,465
1, 94fi, 253
336, 874

I. 2
0. 1
0. 2
0.-2
2. 1
1.7

117, 485
131. ,509
254, R30
190, 696
45 1,255

171, 75 1

I. 4
3. 7
2 5

0. 4

24,862

I. 7

3i7, 7fi9
311, 791
486,364

97fl, 9:i2
I, .1Sfl. 15R
690, ,;73
I , 281, 8,55
l, 343. 4 tfi

0. 5

0. 2

I, 102,076

2. 2

(A)
I. 2

$22,436, 23

272, 131

2. 0
I. 4

0. 4

2. 0
2. 8

0. 5
0. 6

(A)
I. 2

o. 6

24. 0
1.0

$9, 6-18, 842

I 3
2. 4
0. 4

3. 7

4,959, 12:l
198,811
2,658,068
71 , I

3. 5

I 2

----

(A)

2,085, 264
1,325, 8fi0
848,586
665,934
470, 197

639, 199
72, 136
208, 233

$20, 993, 834

Undist rihuted by s ta te
A

Am ount

Other

·----

2,160,221
1,301. ·1 7
946. 76 1
5,4 63,023
1, 495,365

$69,777,092

En~ioeering: s ur veys

I.I
0. 1
I. 7

0. I

0.5

1.0

o.

0. 7

I. 7

5,23 1
252. 820

0, 4

(A)
0. 9

2. 9 -------------- ----- -- ---

18, 65
68 1, 77 1
597, 66 1
21 , 083
177,628

0. 1
1.0

161,540
193,929
979,870
15,892

o. 6
o. 5

35,392
67, 044

1.8
0.6

5. 0

6. 4
1.0

0. 6
2.1

1:21

A P PEJ'\'U l X
TAB LE X VT. -

A M O UN1' OF

" TP A

al N D :,.; P (l \,"SQR><' FtTX I) >\ Exr E\,"l) )s l) ON P 1tO J1<: ('T;, 0P E l( AT E D B Y
o nclud (•d
;\ I A Jort Ti PE OF P 1to J ECT
Y EA ll EN01'1C.

Di v is ion or
P ublic ac ti v ities

State

\VPA,

B Y ~T/\Th

a,

AND

J l"<E 30, 19-11

omm uai ty Ser X'ice Programs
-

Nal!onnl d fc nsc

l csca rch a nd

Welfa re (in clu d

record s

in ~ sewi ng)

?vf isccllan eous A

W)Cationa l
tra m iag

Other

T ot a l
Percent

Amount

Amou nt

P er
cent

Amount

p er-

CCnt

Am ou ut

:,:a;;

Amoun t

I ~';;';

Amo unt

!e';;'t

----1-----

T ota l ___________ $434, 3i9, 7i5 $ 13 , 932, 157
Alabem n ____________ _
Ar izona _____________ _
Arke n sas _____________ _
Celi fornia ____________ _
Colorado __________ _

7. 8 $72, 420, 164

854,490

3. 8
605, h9fi
,lfi, 4491 J. 7
26,\ 21i9 12. 5
2. 6
863. 7,17
4. 6
I, 566, 630

I, 598,435
376, 13·1
1, 293. 997
5, 165,039
5. 129, 492

I0. 2
I3 5
I 2. 8
Ir..o
I5. 0

169,4 15
45, 124
73,9 14
7, i74
4,360

I.I
I. 6
0. 7

0. 5
6. 0
2. 2
2. 7
I. 5

569, 727 1 fi. 5
17,053, 767
I 3. •I
·l . 6 15,0 18
I
0.
2, fib4, ~7 1
3
I. 61
:i. 089, 51i3 I I. 3

689,624
360, .103
54,907
30, 262

0. 5
0. 8
0. 2
0. 1

120, 7fi0
1, 649,212
670, 482
121 , 449
164 , 0 19

I. 4
1. 3
I. 5
5
0.

2
20,009
- IS,fill9 ( 0)
0. 4
177. 932
-33 1, 71)[, - 1 4
- 146, 290 - 0. 7

I, 324 . 685

4. 2

I. 295, 150
4611, f,36
4,9 15,559

5. 2
2. 5
3. 6
6. 2

3, 105, \138
\!. 9
I I. 6
2,922, 5S9
680, 78 1
-. 6
70 1. 9S3 1 ,1. 5
12,542, 778
lli. 0

3,609 (")
6, 88i (")
9,41 5
0. 1
0.2
24, 46H
0. 7
549, 79 ,,

429, b92
400, 7R9
108,645
335, 740
1, 097, 224

I. 4
1. 6
l. •l
2. 6
I. 4

- 3·14 , ,,29 - 1 I
C.8, 9fi4
0 3
0 5
•13. fi61
23, I IS
0 2
124, S59
0 2

2, i93, 14b ,
2,091,S 13
9-11 ,Wb
2, 169, 39 1
570. iOO

3. 9
4. 9
3. 5
3. 8
5. 0

7, 634, 109
4,537, 90fi
4, 032, 156
6,82 1, 7119
I, 611 , 35

10.
10. 6
14 . 9
12 0
14 . 0

329,060
135,613
l W, •128
33 , 512
534

0. 5
0 3
o. 5
0. 6
(")

2. 160, 487
289, GOS
:J35, 091
559. 334
3,574

3. 0
0. 7
I. 2
1. 0
0. 7

- 4 11. 959 - 11. 6
-2:l9, 7,-,1 - 0 f,
-3 1,,,59 - II I
n7. a1s II I
- 126, 272 - I. I

3. 0
4. 9
I. 9
7. 4

2. 063, 629
306, lo2
9 11, 425

9. 8
3. 9

(ib(i, 20 I
95, 925
120. 323
4, 799, 799
129,8 16

9. 0
15. i
14 . 5
10. 7

25 1, 0M
I.I
0. 4
,073
], 5 6 (")
97, 96 1
0. 2

I. 2

958, 548

65, 663
8,208
164, 242
I, 026, 054
54, 673

0. 3
0. 4
2. 6
I. 5
0. 5

-2, 184 (")
-9, 9~4 -0.5
0. 3
19,088
- 153, 129 -0. 2
-85,1<80 - 0. 8

14, 247, 707
3, 2·13, 4i9
6 5, 297
8, 403, 956
2, 062,18 1

.5
8. 9
6. 2
7. 9
6. 3

,626, 475
738,375
271,9
4, I&,, fi26
778, 11 7

5. 1
2. 0
2. 5
3. 9
2. 4

16, 548, 250

5,028, 74 6
246,944
70,674
I, 14 ,307
230,684

3. 0
0. 6
0. 6
I. 7
0. 7

- 155, 809 -0. 1
-675, fi8 1 - 1 S
-3, lf,9 (")
- 133, '3 -0. 1
11 ,3 10 (B)

2, 444 ,3 14
31,6 13, 769
2,920,089
5, 905, 3·16
2,5i 5, 70 1

9 2. 828
10, i43, ' 7
790, 744
I , 725,024
652,833

7. 0
7. 7
7. I
6. 0
6.3

332,663
5,8-11 ,4 3
393, 719
130, 427
378,3 14

2. 4
4. 2

3. 6
0. 5
3. 6'

4 3, 0091
2, (i89, 564
125, fi92
364,387
64, 752

3. 5
1. 9
1.1
I. 3
0.6

- 46,:!5 1
-605, 225
-98, 9,,4
- 75. 3 14
- 97, 321

4, 43,952
20, 27 1,5121
1,995, :137
1, 036, 296
5, 646, 459

1, I 70, 370
4, 9 5,92'2
746, 13
:JS I, ·185
1, 535,649

4. I

70-1, 3;;7
2, Oi·l, 984
209,9 16
254,0 14
845, •184

2. 4
3. 0
1. 8
7. 5
4. 5

1. 8

6.3
11. 2
.2

-372, 193 - 1. 3
6 1, 155
II I
- 11,0 12 -0. 1
35, 4 14
1.0
- 3, 19fi (U)

6. 6
8.3
6. 5

Georg: ia ______________ _
Ida ho _________________ _
Ill in ois __ ______________ _
Ind iana _____ __________ _
Iowa ____ ____ ____ ___ ___ _
Kansas __ ______________ _

2'J3, 02 1
653, \153
2, OOb, 309
2, J:lO, 036

967,9 13
39, 702. 4R9
9,399, 178
4, 61 8, 3:J9
4, 80 . 690

353, 991
14, 269, OG2
3, 46fi, 3 19
I , 234..135
1, 3fi8, 1•15

11. 2
7. 9
5. 2
6. 3

44 , 19A
7, li89, 136
957,338
644, 026
320, 420

K en tucky _____________ _
Louisia na _____________ _
M a ine ________ _
_
M a ry le nd __
M assach usetts ___ _

6,364.06 1
6,225,509
I, 102. 214
I. 930, 0051
23,679. 0A9

I, 929, h29
2,000.9 13

6 2
8. 0
2. 7

197,6 14

5.
7. 2

__
M ich igan __
!H innesota ________ _
Iississippi _________ _

17,509.370
10, 3,7, 9\/h ,
6,902. 219
12, N,5, ,,,JO
2,900,904

6,753,053
3,622, f,fJ6
I. 802, ;1t;7
3,555,868
717.~35

9 5

1. 519, 137
171 ,806
21b, 092
6,394 ,297
435, 536

6. 7
8. 9

N ew 1\1ex ico _______ ___

4. 520, 021
58 1,986
I, 25 1, 126
18,3 14, lfJO
I , ,523, 900

ew York ______ _
N or tb Ca rolina ___ ____ _
'ortb D akota _________ _
Oh io __ _ __________ _
Okla homa ______ _____ __

39,53 1,389
8, 41 8, ,125
2,078, J.11
24, 054, 439
9,545,043

________ _
Oregon
Pennsylvania ______ _
R hode Island _______ _
ou tb a rolina ________ _
Outb D ako ta __ _____ _

Tennessee . ___ ______ __ _
T c,as
Utah
Vermo nt_ ___________ _
Virg inia _ __________ _

__
ehras ka _ ____
N evada
ew Il am ps h ire _____ _
N ew Jersey __ ____ ______ _

Washmgto n _ _____ _
W est Vi rginia _____ _
VVisconsin
W yom ing __ _

-0. 2

I0 4
6. 7
I2 4
Ifi . 3
I :J. 8

I. 037, 195

M on tana _

o. 7

$7,848,905

3,573. 732
562, 220
3, 31 I, 344
14 , 9~. h76
2,687, 260

3,4 10. 9➔ 1
70 1. 32!>
3,287, 133
8, 12-1, 79
, 91 0,5 18

M issouri

I. 7 -$3, 48 1, hfi5

2. 5

I 2. 0

2. 4
I. 8
3. 6
3. 4
3. 2

1, 7:l•I. 122
f,49, 029
I. 080, 975
11 , 0,53, 931
l ,29.50fi

Connec t icut
D elaware
Distr ict of olu mbia __
Florida ______ _

0. 4 $29, 995, 38

•l. 1 $215, 178, 549

28, 222
155 . .S5i
967,360
3, 1·14 , 543
620,48 1

6. 990, 866
I, 3fi6. ~06
5, 3f>O, 436
29,671, 2'26
4, 6i6, 624

5,29 1, 547
5, 399, r,291

JO, 697, 202
799,992

5. I
7. 7
4. I
12. 0
6.6

6. 2
6. 2
4. l

?1i,: ~1;~,

5,670, 924

1, 902,0 14
2, 268, I 18
3, 6ii, 782
24 7, ' 18

H awa ii
Puerto Ri co
Vi rgin Islands _

3, 617
123, 3531
7 , 329
966, ,'>O
6,965 _-------

Undistribu ted by state c_

138, 529

1

8. 5
6. 7
6. 2
6. 2

3. 5

72

6. 5

I,

7. 9
9. 5

2. I
I. 6
6. 5
3. 2

4. 2
0. 7

1. 9
0. 4

7. 5

7, 022, 103

0. 1
0. 9
I. 3
0. 4
0. 3

10. 7
15. 5
14 . I
14. 8

54, 99 1
49, 9 1.S
24 ,066
19,372
10, 42,S

4
(")
0. 2
0. 1
0. 1

9. 9
19. I

140,526
32,526

o. 5

I, 073. 832
14, 978, 4o4
1. 7 11 , 560
4, 030,523
1,534, 129

2, 756, 1 9
2,5 12, 4(i4
3, 169, i3

468, 644
2, 772
845, 354

0. 3
0. 2

10 , 957
348, Si 5
138, 6fi2
470,370
93,342

9. 8
II. 2
.9
20. 1

2, 9.1;, 222

757
543, 876
70,377

8. 7 -----------

4,087, 796
982. 19-1
10,99 1, •1~7
6, 61 I. 403

2, 828, 699
13, 178, 0 0
1. 038. 1108
3o7, MO

------

10. 3
7. 7

8. 7 --------

11. 4
15. 7

13, 257
3 18, 104

:J3, 444
9. 5
120, 214
777, 684
6. 8
17. 9 ----------

8. 4

o.

0. I

o. 4
I. 7

0. I

o. 4
I. 7

244, 95
70,923
133, 445
1, 23, 987
340, 436
533, 478
102, 036
222, 703
420, 220
458, 023

507, 163
646,059
381,673
19. 1;,o
35 1, 796
345, 4 4
686,087
1, 4 1 , 090
160, 675

0.8
0. 5
2. 0
I. 7
3. 4

3. 7
2. 2
I. 3
I. 3

o.

0. 9
3. 2
0. 6
I. 9

-38, 2.17 -0. 2

------4 2, 443

-0. 4
- 3:l8, 74i -1 0
-29J.:l85 -0.

o.

-0.3
-0. 4
- 0. 9
-0.3
- 0. 9

I. 2
2. 3

-37, 050 -0. 1
-219, 320 -0. i

3. 0
6. I

-2Hi, li5 1 -0. 4

1.6
3 1. 592
0. 1 ---------- _ -----I. 2
130,888
7. 6 ---------6,965 100.0 __ _
----138,529 _

-56, 2i:l -0.1
-2 1 , fi2fi, -2. 9
-112,li l l - 0. 4
-31Jfi, 55(i - 0. 3
0. I
20, 6:J<J

29, 571>

1.1

19,939
479, 287

1.0
4. 3

-------1, 398, 183

' In cludes adJus Lments fo r excess of depos it ~ in the suppl y fu nd o,·er pnymen ts out of tb e s uppl y fund and fo r items in t ransit to coutro l accounts

o.nd sponso r~· expend 11 un•s fo r land, land lcas('s, CR sc 111 ents , and rii;?: ht s-of• way .
o Less than o 05 pe rcent
c I ncludes suppl y fund adjus t meat and cent ra l 0111 cc projects.

Source: " 'ork Projects Adm 1rns iration.

TABLE

XVJI .

PHY S I CA L

A CC'O MPl, I S HME NTS AND P U BLI C

,....

WPA

P A RTI C IPATION ON PROJECTS OPER ATE D BY

1:-.:>
1:-.:>

CONT INENTAL UN ITED S TATES
CU M UL ATI VE TIIRO U CTII JUNE

30, 1941
N u mbe r

Unit of meas urement

Item

I

Item

Number

Unit of m easurement

I

New construction

IJ 11d1ways, roarl s, streets, and related facilities:

JNumber

_____ _

2. 230
I . 3'17
R-13

7, 42~

52,462
I, 601,248
6,036
309, ,520
14 ,201
441,, 092

24,456
778, 5-18
15, 122
976,061
•I , 286
175, 625

N um ber _____ _
Lrncar feet ___ ___
Miles

997,983
26, 579. :l53
71,309

114 , 557
2,967. 597
82,043

21 , 0·19

6, 759

17, 796
3, 253

4,976
1, 783

l ' urbs ____ ______ ______ ___ ____ ____ _____ __ ___ 1\<1iles __________ _
21,886
5, 122
Cl uttl' rs --------- - ---- ---- -- - - - -- --------- - J\liles __ ___ ____
_____ _
O uard rai ls and gua rdwa lls ________________ ___ /\ [lies
2,806
N umber ofli gbt
26,977
s tandard
. ___________ ______ __ __ l\lilcs
.
of sroad _
Roar! an , I street hghtmg
{
729
equipped
823, fi08
Trame s igns erected _. ___ __ __ _______________ :-.:umber ______
5,1 83
Trame control line t)aintcd _____ ______ _______ J\lilcs o r line _ __
l\files of road ___ _ -- -- -- ---_____ _________ ____
ll oar!sid(• landsca 1)ing
1\filcs
('n r And ra ilroad track rrmo,-raJ _____ __ ___

3,340
773
I, 353

C u Ivert 5 -------- ------------ ---- -- - Roads ide dra m age ditc h and p1po__________

-

l{

8 1d ewa lks and paths- total. __ _________ ____ __ Miles
P aved
Unpavecl

Miles ___ _____ __ _
Miles __ __ ___ ___ _

31,273

.... ______ __ N umber _____ _______ ______
N umber __ ___________ ____

130
5, l03

64
I, 908

832
30, 441

-- -- ---- --

N umber _______ _____ ______

8,046

5-10

N umber __________ ___ _____
Audaor iu ms
Oymnasiums __ _:::::: N umber. _________ ________
umber __________ _____ __
N
Other

372
I, 093
6,581

128
224
lbS

4, 227

I, 302
164
156
I, 051
260
2,237
2, 057
270
l, Si5
7,955

272
92
32
50
66
185

3,996
1, i97
482
4, 175
2,108
I, i66
2,924
437
3, %3
17,56 1

66,263
I, 521

43, 633
I , 43

5,3 17
402
688

omces a ud administra- N umber __ _______ _______ __
tivc
Uospit a ls _ _::_:::: ___ N umber. -- --------------Pena l mstitutions ------- , N um ber ________ _________
______ ___ N umber -- - - ------------DormHon es
___ ________ N umber ___ _______________
Firrhousc•s
__________________
narages
- NN umber
---------umber ___ ____ ________ __
1'lorage
---------______ ___________
ber
um
N
Arrnories_
n arns aurl sta b les ____ ___ N um ber __ ________________
_________________
ber
um
N
O ihcr
-- - -- --------Outdoor rPC'rf'ftt10nal rnci litics :
8tocilll m s. grandstands, and {Number __---.------------Seatm g ca pacity __________
bleache rs.
rod eo {N umber . - --- - ----------a nd
Fairground s
Arca in acres __ ____________
ground s.
{Number __ ____________ __
p k
nr s -------- ----------- - -- Area in acres --- --------- --

2, IOI
3,502,000
46
I, 619
I, 5,,2
6i, 291

114
250,000
46
166
5,850

758
3, 122. 000
283
13, 502
6, 107
427,864

P layg rounds-total. ___ ___ ___ N um ber _________________

2,815

98

• 9, 159

1

Number ___ ___
{ Liucarrcet ___ _
N umber _____ _
{ Li nea r feet ___ _
N umber _____ _
{ Linear rect ___ __

M ason r y

75,8 19

1,972

--- --------

) Linear feet ___ _

~tN• I

3,927

5,233

Rccr('aliono l- totaL. .

43, 864
l , 930, 234

Wood __

I
30,606

HC'hools

72, 699
2,356, 81)0

total

I

Reconst ruct100 or 1mprovement

lcciucat10na l- total ______ N um ber ___ - --- ---------- L ihrnries

New con- I Recoastruct100
~ ructio~ or improvement
Drfclges and ,·iadurts

·-

Pub lic buildings, l'XC lud ing utilit y plan t s urn ! airpo rt bu ildings: N umber ____ ______________
l'uhlic hui lclings- tota L. _____

601,341
530,274
41i. 303
27. 001
19,302
4R3,97 1
61, 409
26, 2il
16,095
JO, 176
35. 138
9, G5o

Miles ____ __ ___
lJ ighways, roads. a nd streets- tota l
____ ___ _
l\ l ilcs
Rural roarl s-total
J\liles _____ ____
!Jigh-1 ype s urface- tota l
__ ______
11 1iles
NC'\\ ron structioo
J\I iles _________
HN•ons tru ction or improvement
l\files __ ________
Low-tJ pt.' surface and uosurraccfi
Miles __________
U r ban s treets-total __
l\lilC's . _ _________
ffigh-typc surface-total
____ _ :lliles __ ___ __ ___
New constru ction _ _
J\lilcs . ________ __
Recons truction or impro\'l'me nt
:\tiles . _________
Low-type surface an<l unsurfaced
l\liles ______ ____
Other roarls (in parks, ctr .) tota l. __ _
:\ J iles__ _____ ___
Iligh-t) pe surfac,, tota l
.\I ilcs ________ ___
_
_
New cons truction
J\liles __ ____ ____ _
Ht•construction or improvement
1ilcs ___ ______ __
11
Low-ty pe s urfarc anrl unsur faced

I

Additions

School. __________________ N umber
Other ___ __ _________ ____ __ N um ber _______________ __

{f

umber __ ___ ___________ __
A th le tic fields ______ _______ ___
rca in acres ___ _______ ____
!lan d ball courts _____________ _ N um ber __ _______ _________
Horseshoe courts _____ ______ __ Numbe r _________ _____ ____
Tennis courts --------- ----- N umber __________________
Swimm ing pools ______ _____ __ {r ~ :~: ~~ea-ir:,sq: -fi ---::::
{Number _______ _____ ___ _
Wadi ng pools ---------- ---- f; urface area in sq. ft ____
Ice skating areas ___ ______ ____ {Number __ __ ______________
Surface area in sq . ft ____
i:lk 1 tra ils ___ _______ ___ ____ ___ l\liles ____ ________________
Ski Ju mps _____________ ______ _ Numbe r
Bornlshells _______ ____ _______ N umber ______ ___________
Outdoor theatres __ __________ _ N umber
·:::::::::
rumbe r -:
Golf courses __ ________ ____
. N umber of holes _______
Area in acres . _____________

(Continued ou nc.xt page)

14 5

47
75

451

I=:
5

I, 688
I. 127

81
17

7,894
!, 265

2, SI G
16, IH
l , 668
2, 135
9,403
742
8, 151. 000
ii5
2,300, lKlO
l. 0,4
44, 950, IKJO
312
r,4
21 4
132
237
2,611
17,850

63
234

----------------- --

2,382
14, 154
156
153
2, 998
319
5, 16-1,000
1,1
344 ,000

------ ----

16,058, 000

--- -------- ---- ----

--------------- ----

-------- ---- ---- ---- ----- ------------- ------

84
55
14

74
27
354
4,693
35,121

~
t,,j

"C

0

~
..,i

0

>,rj

"C

~

0

C)

~
t,,:J
Ul
Ul

0

>,rj

8

~
t,,:J

~

"C

>
"C

~

0

C)

~

~

TABLE XVII. -

PHYS I CAL A CCOMPL l S IH IENT,; AND P UBL I C P AR'rlCIPA 'l'I ON ON PnoJECTS

PERATED BY WPA-

Continued

CONTINENTAL UNITED STATE S

CUM UL ATIVE TfiRO UG II J l'NE 30, 19·11

Number
Item

Unit of measu rement

New cons truction

N u mber
Item

Rccons truc•
Additions ' lion or im•
· provemcnt

Unit of m easurem ent

R econstruc•
Add itions1 tion nr im•
prove-meat

New COD ·
s t ruction

~1

--1----1-----1

P u blic utiliti,•s and sanitation:
lf tilit y plants· total

N u mbe r . ·----- -------Electric powe r plants .... N u mber _________ ___ ___ __
N umher __________ _____ ___
Incinerator plants
Pumping stat ions
N umber _··· · ··-········ ··
Sewage treatmen t plants N u mbe r .. .... ... ...... ..
Nurnbrr__ ___ _______ ______
Water treatmen t plants

2,221
40
101
I, 084
i97
199

95

1,055

16
I
14
51
14

161
54
309
379
152

----

Water mai ns and dis tribu·
t ion lines

_

_

\\'ater consumer connections
W ater wells ..... .
Storage tan ks . reser voi rs. et <'
Storm and sanitary sewers
Sewerage service connections
llI an holes and catch bas ins
Sanitary p r h•ies
.....
A bandoned mine sea ling.
llfosq uito·con tr ol drainage
T elephone and te leg raph
lines
......... .
P olice, fi re•a larm , and tram r
s ignal systems.
.
Electric power lines .
F loodligbting ath letic fi e lds,
parking lots, etc .... ... ... .
Pipe lines, oth er tha n water
and sew<'r. ___________ _
Flood and eros ion control. irriga•
tion, conservat ion:
Fis h hatcheries .............. .
Fireb reaks ........... . ... ... .
Fire and rores t trails . .... ... .
R erorestation.....
. .... ... .
Plan tin g oysters ............ .
Levees and embankments . . . .
J ett ies a nd breakwaters .. . .. .
Dulkbeads. .
. ..
Retaining walls and revet•
meats _____ ________________ _
Riprap ........... .
Rh·erbank and shore im•
provemont. _____ ___ _
Strea m bed impr ovement.
Irriga tion s yst ems.

l\Iiles . ...•• .... .. ......
14 , 22/i
:-s'umber .. .......... •.....
377,636
:\" umber. -...............
3, 780
:\'umber .... . ...........
2,688
{ rapaci ty in gallons ........ 1,565.515.000
.\liles _
........
21,643
:-lumber .
..........
53~. 041
N um ber
...........
706, 771
Numbe r
.....
2,231,,909
Openings sealed
_. . _.
21S. 325
l\liles of ditch and pipe.
14 , 642
Mil es

Numbe
i\Iiles
~files ..
Trees p
Bus hels
l\l iles ..
l\I iles
Miles
Miles _ ....
Sq . yds. of s urface ........ .

3, 169
417,846
I, 812
656
·· ····· ·· 23,729.949.000
3,365
37, 845
409,515
33, 238

·••·······1

1S:iiaii

3, 456

2,199

I, 469
2,889

1, 797
1, 109

979

242

619

112

151
6, 129
5, 7i5

I

149
799
I. 748
147, 027,000

117

8,090, 146
525
131
158

1,023
5

46
129
I, 902, 725

I. 686
15, 43~. 478

Miles . . .

4, 223

trn:!·olpipoan d llumc:::1······· 1, 420

7,907
4, 844

AirporL etc.-Continuecl .
Airport buildings-tota l

Administrati\Te and trrmin al. __ _
□ ang-a rs
__
Other

'Pa, i 1itrips-total _

N umber----- --------- ----

886

N umber
"\Tumbcr
N umber

195
580

LiDPar fee t. .

ll igh•type s urface.
Lo" •type s urrace .. .
Aprons-total
Ui gh- type surface.
Lo w•type surrace

Lo w•type s u rface

Run ways- totaL ............ I Linear feet. .
H igh·type s urface ... ... . . , Linear feeL ········-··· ..
Lo" •tY J)e surface.. ....... Lrnear feet .......•.. - .....

222
28. liS

68 1
4, 465'

2, 60·1, 000

360
59, 254

_ _

-I

Fencing ...................

.1

I, 001 , 000

Number

Other .... .. ..... ·•······· { Linear feet. .

I.

···1
.

Number
...
Docks, wharves, and piers ... F eet of usable waterfront ..
{ Area in sq. rt .
. . ..
Artificial channels, other than
irriga tion and drainagr
l\Iiles
(Concluded on nex t page)
376,ooo
429. 000

71\2, 000

13S, 000

631. 000
151,000

1,,000
m ,ooo

>
-0

117

36

i:'J

6,063,000
70
10,920

397,000
I7
2,240

;:;

5

>o

x

3
3,349
15

74

133. 190
788

75

1,059 .........
4, 163 .......
1,570 ········
15, 879 ··•··

l\liles ..

[Nu mbe r
.. ......... . . l Linear feet. .
N umber
.
Pedcstnan ........ ...... [{Lmear feet. .

141 ,000

26
II, 729

D r ~inage (o th er than road, {~liles of ditch ........... .
r;~1i tt , and mosq uito-con- Miles of pipe ... ...... ... _
,
N u mbe r ..... .•. .......
runn els- tota L . .. .....••.... l{Lincar feet. ........ . ......

411,000

.

8

Number

805, 000

- ----1----1----1,603.ooo

342,000

=1=

---1

-,--------

Airpo rt d rainage . .....
I N umber or ai rp orts ...
Air por t drain age di t ch and
pipe .................. . Linear fee t .
L anding areas fl oodlighted .
N umber lighted .
B ound a r y lights ........... . N um ber of light s t a nd ards
Seap lane bases ........ .
N umber
Seaplane ramps and landing
platforms ............ . .. . N um ber
Airway markers _____________ _ N umber
Ai r way beacons ..
N u mber
l\[isec ll a nco us:
La ndscaping, other than
roads ide a nd parks
..... I Acres
Orname ntal pools an<! foun·
N u mbe r
tains ·-----_
l\fonuments and his tor ic

markers . _ _

22,000
13. 000

2,-4il , 000 -

Sq u are yards

=

211 , 000
51,000

2, 129, IJU0

Sq uare y ards
Sq uare yards

1,624
79
308
I. 237
3,,, 000

Squ are ya rds

n igh•type s urface

15
66

262,000

Sq uare ya rds
Rq uare yards

Turning ci rcles-total

22

1= = 1 = 1 =

Li near feet .
Linear feet

Vehic ular
Airpor t and air way facilities:
N umber . ................ .
L anding fi elds ..... - • .... · · · · l{Area in acres .... ...... •. •·

Ill

I

929
391,272
26
4,236
171
31,375
i:l2
355, 6tll

..... .

125
17. Ii',
506
20.9~

=

112
_ _ 84,156

....... .
······· ···
· ··•······
· •••·••••·
------ --·..........

S

7, 071

3,

14 . 22',
96

1)2, ,,;

l===I==
311
11 5,000
4, 325,000

313
303,000
17, ~03. 000

88

197

,.....
tv
w

TABLE XVII.-PHYSI CAL AccOMPLISHMENTS AND PUBLIC PARTI CIPATION ON P ROJECTS OPERATED BY WPA-

,....

Concluded

l'V

~

CONTINENTAL UN1TED STATES
CUMULATIVE TB P.OUGFI J UNE 30. 1941

Item

Unit of measuremen t

Education activities: ·'
Adult ecluration :
Literacy and naturalization ___ __ _________ __ __ ___ _ Enrollees ___ __ _________ __ __
Vocational training _______ _____ ___ ___ _________ _ Enrollees _____ _________ __ __
Correspondence work ___ _________ ______________ _ Enrollees __ _
H omemaking and parent ed ucation ___ __ ________ _ Enrollers __ _
Enrollees ________ ____ ____ __
__ _____ _
Other
Persons attending ________ _
Lectures and forums __
Nursery schools __ ___ ___ ______________________ ___ _
- {icnhr~~l!es _--~-- - - ----- - --- - Special instruction:
Enrollees _____ ______ __ ____ _
Institutionalized a nd handicapped persons
Enrollees _________ ________ _
Isolated persons _
A
ities:
iv
act
ic
~Ius
Inst ru ction __ ___ __ ______ __ ______ ___ ___________ __ ___ -1 Enrollees ____ - _- - -- - - - - -- -Performances . _____ ___ _
- { Persons atte nding _____ ___ _
N umber __ __________ ___ ___
R ar! io broadcasts
Art activities:
E nrollees ___ ___ __ __ ______ __
Art i astru ction -" __
Ar t items completed :
N um ber
Index of American D esig n plates
Easel works _____ ___ __
N um ber
N umber
Fine print designs
i\1Iurals _____________________ _
N umber
~c ulptures ______ _
N umoor
A

Data relate to the month of April 1941 onl y.

N umber

211. 212
11 3. 010
14. 739
132. 058
292. 258
134,372
I. 336
37. 294

!O, 710
12,667
231 , 737
6, 2 13
2,812,361

105
58. 443
21,342

n;i~
2, 334

14, 235

Item

Unit of measurement

Number

- - - - - - - - -- - - - - - - - -,- - - - - -- - - -- ,- - - -Wr iters' p ro~rnru .
umber _
- -------_ N
-------- ------- -------___ _____
Books
N umber ___ ___________ ___ _
__ ___________
__ ___________
lets published
Pamphpublished

565
I, 111

\VeHare activities:

Sewin g:
Ga rments produced- total__ _____ _______________ _ Numbe r _
M en's ___________ __ ___________ ___ ___ ________ _ N umber _
,vomen's _____________ _____________ _________ _ N u mbe r ___ __ __________ ___
N um ber_
Boys' __ _
___________ ____ __ _
Girls' -- ----- - - - - - - - ------------------------- N um ber
N u mbe r _
Infants'
_
Number
Diapers
Other arti cles p rodu ced __ _____ ____ __ _____ _______ _ N u mber
Food preserving :
Qua rt s canned ________ _
N umber
Pounrls dried .. _______ -- · _______ ____ __ __________ _ N umber _
umber __ ____ _________ __ _
N
_
___
_________
made
ts
isi
v
:
services
Il ousekeeping-aifle
School-lunch services :
ser viced ___ _______ _
June 30 1941 - -- --- - ----- !{Schools
T hree months "n<ling
Lunches served ____ __ ____ _
'
'
C u mulative through Juoe 30, 1941- ____ ___ _______ Lunches ser ved ______ ___ __
Book repai r :
Books repaired or reno va ted ___ __ _____ _______ ___ _____ Number __ ______ ____ __ ____ I
11

342,009,000
- -6i, 718,000
77,226.000
59. 23,, 000
69, .HR. 000
41, 5£\5, 000
26. ,12, 000

---

;::ti
t_,,J
>;:;

0
;::ti

95. 318,000

"i

60,255,000
6. 218, 000
26. 515, 000

0

22. 118
73. 9.~6. 000
i65. 153. 000
~6. 622. 000

z

-0
;::ti

0

0
;::ti

M

U1
U1

0

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125

APPE1 DI X
T ABLE X \ ' I I I .-

SE l,EC'TE D ACT I VIT I ES ON

WPA

OMMUN I TY S t~RV I CE PROGRAM S, BY STATE

8ELEC'TEO PERIOOS

\\"ork in se wing

rooms

A

tate

U nited States __________ 342. 009, 3i l

4, OO·l. 874

Alabama --------- ---------1, 247, 548
Arizona ______ ---- -----------Ark ansas ___________ ______ ---- 2,817, 7.\9
California _____________ ___ __ - - 26,348,7 13
Colorado ___ -- ----- __ - ---- __ - - 5,522.322
Connecticut ____ ---- ________ __ 2,060. 558
Delaware _______ .. __ --------_.
39 1,1 56
District of olumbia ________ _
955, 780
Florida ____ _. _____ ------------ 7, 2-14. 468
Ocorgia ____________________ -- 10,505,550
Idaho ____ _________ __ ______ __
754, 277
Illinois ____ . __ _-- - - -- ---- - -- - - 19. 703,040
[ndiana ______ --- __ __ ---- ___ - - 6, 274, 792
Io"'a ____ ___ - ___ -------- -- -- - - 4,340,133
Kansas ___ - - ____ -- ---- -- -- - - - - 5,093,408

Enrollme nt in
adu lt edu cation
activities e
N umber
Atte ndEnro llor v isits
ance at
rn cot in
made by
lun ches
music
per•
aurser y
scn 1 ct A N u mbcrof Numberor ho use kee p- Natu r alrorm sc hools 8
ization
ing aid es A
a □ crs 0
q uarts
pounds
Other
and
canoed
d r ied
li ter acy
1 - - - - - 1 - - - - - 1 - - - - - 1 - - - - - 1 - - - - - -- - - - - -1----Pood prcscr viog •

N umber of
sc h oo l

9.5, 317, 720 i65, 153,421 60,255.318
6,217, /i02 26, 514,612
21I , 212
552,065
37,294
86i, 191 1-1-1-,4- 2-:,, 9-2-1-I---I0- 2-,-83-3-l---4-7,-l-9_6 _1_ _4_3_6_, 9- 1-6-1-10-,-84- 1- --30-, -06_6_ - - 1,-0-52199. 152
2, 279, 002
32. 927
o3, r,2.1
.504
2. 426
855
I, 174, 365
i.359,029
193,7 18
51,8 14
6 2.042
5,646
13, 148
458
6. 266,925 :is, 5 7, 154
809. 261
55. 250
1. 859, 108
3,262
36,099
2, 197
594. 561 16. 939. 144
4, 647, 4 7
2, 803
424,50 1
1,480
11 , 168
703
443, 123
160,356
235, !i22
l, 8 4. 721
I, 109,504

20. 473
i, 675, 48
12,237,485
31,86 1, 25i

540,390
440,402

188, 710
5, 160, 751
I . 939. 346
l. 452, 391,
I , 14 3. i81

4.202, 313
17, 277, 791
7. 730, OhO

4, 300. 005

7, 665,481
3, 4 3, 2i8
Maine .
______ ___________ __ 1, 709.050
I ary land ___ .. ____ ______ ____ _ 1, 566, 277
Massachusetts __ ______ _____ ._ 29,518,369
Michi gan ___ _______ __________ _ 4,926,7 12
Minnesota ___________ __ _____ _ 6. 618,379
4, 31;0, 61 3
i, i3i, 023
Montana ___________ ________ __ 2. 233. 827

1,442,174
705,842
215. 6 3
186, 114
2,578, 49

3,472, 635
5, 533. 9S3
890, 422
637,470
6,835,802

Ne bras ka
__________ _____ _
Nevada
ew Ilampsbire ____________ _
New Jersey __ . ______________ _
New Mexico _____________ ___ _

3,093, 7 7
196. I 0
552, 699
I. 892, 992
40. 922

~~i;~~:r:::::::::::::::::::

2. 152, 63 1

5,075, 656

~::~tr~i:::::::::::::::::::

3,598, 729
266. 438
2,311,069
7, 648, 777
I. 072, ,\ 19

ew York _________ _______ __
North Carolina ____ ________ __ _
Nortb Dakota ___ ___________ __
Ohio ____ ____ _____ __________ __
Ok laboma ___________________ _
1

2, 255, 323

960, 122
127, •137
5,404,936
2, 932, 763

1. 592, 480
5,98 1. ,101

621

100, i97
89,636

17, 330

, 563, 22

I, 264
961

23,618
3, .120
26, I 10
28,921
, 61:i

140, ,12
3,624. 726
726. 253
454, •1,53
477.941

334
10,694
5, 292
2,676
2,654

4,214
34, 747
20,483
4, 420
10,621

282
1,452
426
571
443

191, 4 l!i
64, .13~
5,931
14 ,200

458, 37
146, 703
15. 027
684
844 , 678

5, 566
10. 901
278
330
1,533

ll . 932
9, 500
I, 063
632
7, 187

934
384
617
3,374

JOO

4

6, 180
6,495
7, 1;10
42. S!i0
28 1, 254

979
79 1
522
857
535

167, 239
40,968
8, 6P7
69, 075

693,925
3,053

3,926

262,037
21, 534

10, 20 1
1,064
439
14,4 26
1,068

239
76
252
963
599

42,186

IO, 979

2, 626
52
380
3,676
2, 123
15. 702
7,079
1,076
18, 45
393

43,618
7,004
4,610
20, 96 1
12, 993

I, 545

166. 723

740
383
1,306
780

414, 532
52, 72,1

122,955

7,329
42, 134
1,817
4,581
5,652

293
1, 583
434
387
296

7,486
l92, 707
24, 552

17, 360
62, ~93
100
1,850
14,302
33. 315
104. 700

12. 125
3,600

I, 11 9, 23 1

13, 324, 2.\6 I 7i. 567. 165
I . 407, 191
37, ·I ' .\ 003
I, 952. 734
180,054
5,081.853 26, 68. 710
I. ll 3, 973 29,18 1, 130

900,000
04, 226
299, 583
245, 159
1, 414,404

10. 175
l, 319,429

2,575, 545
422, 434
57, 66:J
I , 679,662
8 l, 289

49, 756
44, 932

3, 136

1, 69 . 559

l. 840,336
11 2, 114

585,328
2. 885

64,99 1
i89. 035
126. 480

1,500
14,422
2,059
3,429
700

I, 684, 215

4 9, 964
I. 565. 606

, 954

9, 797

II . 463

I 5, 99 1

1, 422

4, :)60

~:~2:m

I. 11 3, 231
I. 045, 961
l. 523,888
II ,811

20, 4 4, ,169
14, 39, 195
8, 2'!6, 505
1, 484, 63

3, 223, 894
624, 905
606,570
111

• C umul ative through June 30, 1941.
a Du r ing Apri l 1941.

2,021
1, 255
7,238

23,393
14 ,3:l
14, 246
16. 653
4,998

39, 735. 297
23, 653, 120
If>, fi!i3, 370
I. 220,3 14
22, 220. 140

738. 609

2,077

12. 838
l. 664
6, 730
8. 15
493

2,753,016
1, 702. 674
410,S63
199,400
924, 11 2
5,435, 4 IU
4, 33l 143

751
423
3,337
6,857

448, 420
259,887
689. 2r.9
400, 167
78, 472

Te011essee __ ______ __________ __

6, 49 , 085

196. 545
23. 724
55, 953
187. 999
87 1,795

5,938
130,607
35 1. 041
783,067
50

6, 669. 139
4,367,826
278, 525
57,992.08
8, 9ii, 528

Was hington . ____ . ____ _______ _
West Vi rginia ______ ____ _____ _
\'\' isconsin ___ ________________ _
\Vyoming ____ ·--------------

4. 508
78, 29.1
5, 67.1
171,466
7, 100

175. 228
177,052
2, 327, 07
1,072,153
9. 400

629, 46
3, 335, 757
411 , -142
1. 138, 718
45 , 93i

Virginia __________ ___________ _

487,894
970

21 l , 212
19 , 7 4

Oregon ________________ __ __ .
P oosylvania _____________ _
Rhode Is land __________ __ __ __
outb Carolina ______ __ ____ _
South Dakota ______ _________ _

'rexas ______ ------- ------ __ _- Utah
Vermont_ ______ _____________ _

23,552
46,249

337

2,8 12, 3fl4

1, 877.5 13
3,384,510
807, 547

458, 125

17,938

8, 909
44 1,657

427
2, 703

4, 108
17, 132

830
2,692
389
338
745

l, 330
29, [40
4,663

336, 399
[ 73, 747
44, 753
63,032

2, 666
2, 894
l. 730
1,379

16.455
13, 024
7, 71
I , 505

349
1,268
459
170

92, 775

55

332,619

TABLE XVII.-P1:1YSICAL A cco MPLI Sl:lMENTS AND PUBLIC PARTI CIPATION oN PROJECTS OPERATED BY WPA-

I--'
~

Concluded

>-I>,-

CONTINENTAL UNlTED STATES
CU MULAT IVE TEIJ-?O Ur. n J UNE 30. 1941

Item

Unit of measurement

Number

Item

Lit eracy and naturalization __ _

Other
_____ _
Lectures and foru ms __

Nursery schoo ls _____________________________ ____ _

Enrollees .... ...... .... ... .
Enrollees ................. .
Enroll ees. _

Enrollees.
Enrollees _ ............. .
_ Persons attendi ng···••-•··
{Schools
.
)E nrollees ................. .

Specia l instru ction:

Institutionalizecl and banclicapped persons
Isolated persons

Enrollees .. .
Enrollees ... _...........•. _

Mus ic ac ti vit ies: ,.
rnstruction

Enrollees ................ .

Pc,r forrn aDces.
_____ _
{ Persons attending ........ .

Concer ts....
Rart io broadcasts

N umber. ..

Art act id ties:
Art instruction '--

Art items completed:
Index of American
E ase l works

Fine print designs
Murals . -···
Sculptures. _
A

Data relate to the month of April 1941 onl y.

N umber

\Vritr rs' prograru .

Education acti\'1ties: '
Arlult ed uca ti on.
V ocati ona l training _ _
Correspondence work ___ _____________________ _
ll omemaking and parent ed u ca ti on ___ ______ _

Unit of measurement

N umbe r
N umbe r

21. 3·12
93. >,I ll
14 . 2i2
2. 334
14. 235

_ N umbe r
N umber

··I

Garments produced- t otal.. .... . .. . ............ . Number ................. .

23 1. 737
6. 2 13
2,812.361
105
58,443

565
I.Ill

Sewi ng:

10. 7JO
12, (i67

Enrollees ... ........... .

N umber

n ooks publisheu. .. . .. ............................ . Number ..... ............ .
Pamphlets published_ .... .......................... . N umber ... ........... ... .
Welfare activities:

211. 212
I 13,0 10
1-1. 739
132,058
292, 25"-I
134 . 372
I. 33G
37. 294

II

342,009.000

67, 7 lh. 000
···············_ N umber .
Men"s
\V omcn 's·····-················
________________ ___________________
N umber .
77. 226. 000
Num ber ________________ __
13 oys' ...
59. 237. 000
Girls" ......•............ ... ....... . ........ 1~umher __ _____ __________ _
69 •.54b. 000
Infants' ...
Number_
41. 56,. 000
Diapers .
N umber .. ..... ..... ..... .
2fi. 712. 000
I=====
Other articles produced ....... .. .... ... . . ....... . N um ber
95, 31b. 000
Food presc r\'i ng: :
Quarts ca nnr1L _ ______ _
Number .
60. 255. 000
Poun<l s dried. - ... ···-· .................. .. .. . N umber .
6. 218. 000
B oUSl'kecping:-a id e serv ices; v isi ts made ____________ _ N umber_
26,515.000
Scbool•lunch ser vices:
Schools serviced .......... .
22. 115
Three months carti ng June 30, l94L
{Lunches served ......... .
73, gsfi. ooo
Cumulative through Ju1w 30, 1941 .
Lunches served .......... .
765, 153. 000
Book repai r:
Books re paired or renovated
%. 1\22, 0011
Number. ............... .

;cl

M
",:I

0

~

0

z

-0

;:o
0

~

~

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Ul

0

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M

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~

",:I

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0
0

;:d

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~

125

APPENDIX
T ABLE

XVTII. -

ELECTED

WPA

0

Af'T I VI T I E.

CO AIM UN I T Y

SERV I

~~ PRO(:RAMS, IJY

N um be r

n<lult l'ducnt,on
act ivities u

TATE

8EJ EC"rF; n P EHIODS

Enrollnwnt in

\\' ork in srwing
rooms \

Food preserving
N umbe r of
sc hoo l
lun ellf's

S tate
r or l N um hrr of
ot her
artic les
garments
p~oduc~d
1)r oducc<I

1N unlh

served

A

N umbe r o r

q u arts
co nned

A

of v is its
moclt· hy
hou.sr kN~p' umbe r or iog aid es A
p o unds
dried

at urali1,attoo
and
la ,~racy

Enroll•
meat in
nurser y
schools 8

Othe r

Attend•

ance at
music perfo r m•
ances 8

1 - - - - - 1 - - - - - 1 - - - - -- - ----1- - - -l l nit edSu,tcs •••••••••• 342.009,37 1

9.\,3 17,720 76,5.1 53, 421

60.255,3 18

6,2 17,502

1\11
lfi2

11,425,921
2. 279. 002
7. 359. 029
35,587, 15'1
I 6. 939. 14•1

102. 833
32. 927
193, 718
809, 261
4. 647,487

761

2,077

337
100

23,552
46, 249

423
3,337
tl, 57

2,02 1
I , 25,5
7, 23

1, 264
961

334

4, 214
34, 747
20, 4R3
4,420
10,621

7. 675,488
12,237,485
3 1,86 1, 257

5'10. 390
440, 402

754. 277
Id aho ......... ............. .
lllio ois ...................... . 19. 703. 040
6, 274. 792
Indiana . ................. .. ..
lo"ra _______ _______ ______ ___ __ 4,340, 133
5. 093. 408
K a nsas ...... ..... ....... .... .

188. 7 10
5. 160. 75 1
I , 939. 3·16
I. 4,12. :!9fi
I, 1·13. 7>,l

4 202 3 13
11'.m:191
7. 730. 0b0
2, 152. 63 1
5. 075. 656

I . 592, 480
5, 9R I , 401
4, 3011, 005
21 I , 212
19R, 7 4

7. 665. 48 1
3. 483. Ti '
I , 709,050
I , 566. 277
.••• •••••..• .•.
Mary land
M a..ssacb use t ts .••.••..•.••••. 29. 518. 369

1,44 2.174
705., 42
2 t 5. 6>,3
186. 114
2, 578. 49

3. 472,635
5. 533, 9S3
090. 422
637, 470
6,835, S02

lO0. 797

l tl, 603,697
13. Mi l ,050
30. 6f> I. SX5
II , 332, 278
2. 433. 073

175, 228
177,052
2. 327. 807
l.072, 153
9. 400

323
122
437
936
763

693,925
3, 053

I 3, 324, 25G 177,567. 165
I , 407, 19 1 37. •1S5, 003
I. 952, 734
180. 054
5. 08 1. 853 W, Xf,lj, 710
29, 18 1, 130
I , 11 3,973

900, 000
80-1. 226
299 583
24.,'. l !i9
I, ,114, 404

10. 175
I, 319,429

6. 669. 1:l(l

49. 756
44. 932

3, 136

;Jf,5
925
56 1

Michigan ________ __ ___ ______ _
Minnesot a .•• _.••• .•••••••• •.
Mi ss issippi ..•.•••• ••••••••• ..
Missouri. ••..••••• • •••••••.
_•.• •••••••. ••.
M o otaoa..

4. 92fi. 712
6,618,379
4. 360. (il3
7. 737. 023
2. 233. 827

19. 309, 575
I , 703, 41 3
1,072.564
2. 337. 220
295. 6 7

.•••. ••••• •••.
---- -------- --Nevad a
Ne w H amps bire ••••••..•••••
New Je rse y ________________ _
New 1\1.ex ico _____ ______ _____ _

3. 598. 729
266. 438
2,3 11 , 0G9
7. 648. 777
l.072,5 19

3. 093, 787
196, ISO
552, 699
I . 892, 992
40. 922

1

ew York

26,699, 793
8. 480. 084
2. 325. 797
15, 700. 782
7. 866. 630

820. •173

2, 255,
960.
127.
5. 404,
2. 932,

4 7,894
970
621

5,938
130,607
351. 041
783,067
50

448. 420
259, Sc 7
689. 2fi9
400, 167
78. 472

12, 38
1,6M
6, 730
8,8 15
493

23. 393
14, 3:ig
14 , 246
16,653
•1, 998

3,926

262, 037
21,534

2,626
52
380
3,676

10,20 1

. 563. 22

2, 12.3

2, 575. 545
422, 434
57, 66:l
I, 679,662
88 1. 289

15, 702
7,079
I , 07fi
18, 45
393

43,6 18
7, 004
4,6 10
20,96 1
12,993

I. 500
14. 422
2,059
3, 429
700

1,11 9,231
10, 979

12. 125
3,600
458, 125

I. 840, 336
11 2, 114

585,328
2,885

3. 234. 414
're\;as ___ ------ ------- ------ 28. 019, 198
I, 610. 563
tah
16. 594
Ve rmon t ..•.••.• •.•••.••••• ..
Virl?ioia __ ______ ___________ __ 4,656.623

2. 753. 016
l. 702. 674
410. 8f,3
199. 400
924. 11 2

39. 735. 297
23. 653. 120
I 5. f.li3. 370
I. 220. 3 14
22. 220, 140

3. 232, I 13
, 50 , 147
I, 77. 513
3, 3 4. 5 10
807. 547

1,684,215
92, 775

489. 964
I, 565. 606

17, 938

8,909
441. 657

20,484, 469
I , 113, 231
1.045.961 1 14, 39, 195
8. 2•! 6, 505
I , 523,888
1,4 4, 63
11 8.8 11

3. 223, 94
624,905
606,570

l, 330
29. 140
4. 663

Ill

55

5,435,4 10
4. 333. 143
6. 498. 085
738. 609

• C umul a tive tbro u g b Ju □e 30, 1941.
• During April 1941.

w,.525

I , Ofl'l

,139
14, 426
I, 068

57,99 2, 08b
8. 977, 528

\V iscons in ____ _____ _______ ___ _
W yo min g .....••••••••...

5 566

11 ,932
9, .100
I, 063
632
7, 187

122,955
I, 69 . 559
64,991
789. 035
126. 480

W asbing ton ..... •••••.•••• •••
W est Vi rg in ia ••••••••••••••••

2. 67f,
2,654
I0'. 901
278
330
1,533

629. 46h
3. 335, 7.17
411 , 44 2
I. 138. 71S
458. 937

4. 36i, r,21j

JO. 694
5. 292

458. 837
14 6, 703
15. 027
684
844. 678

17. 330

89,636

I

140, 42
3,624. 7W
726, 253
45-1. 4!i3
477, 9-11

I. 827. 55
Orego n ..... -······ ···· ···
Pennsylvania . ______ _____ _
32. 588. 85
2. 53 1. fi85
Rhod e Is la nd .
4. 178. 402
So uth Ca ro lina ••• •..••••• . 2, 486. 197
So utb D ako t a .... •....••• ••.
Tennessee .. -••· ··········· ··

4. 508
7 , 295
,5, 67,\
171 ,466
7, 100

196,545
23. 724
55,953
I 7. 999
871 , 795

44 3, 123
160, :l5fi
235 .•122
I, , 4, 72 1
I , 109, 504

No rth Caro lin a ••• •...•••••• •.
o rth Dakota ..• •.•..•.•••• .
Ohio ..•. ••. •••.• •••••••••.. ..
Ok lahoma .••.•••••••.•.••••

2,812,364

1, 0.52

51. 8 14
55, 250
2,803

2,060 ..158
39 1. 15G
955, 780
7. 244. 46.~
10. 505, 550

:-.lcbraska

37, 294

30,066
2, ,126
13, 14 8
36, 09
11, 168

ro mwcticut ____ ____ -------- --

:
i~i~~~~r:::::::::::::::::::
........ ... . ...... .
M a in e

552,065

10, 84 1
!i0·l
5,646
3, 262
l , 480

867,
199,
I, I 74,
(i, 26(i,
594,

Georgia ____ ______ __ -- -- - --- --

2 11 ,2 12

•136, 9 16
53, 623
6 2,042
I , 859, 108
424. 501

47, 196

..••.••• ••••••••• 4. 004, 874
Alabam a
Ari zona __________ _____ ______ _ I, 247. 548
2,817. 759
rk a n sas .......... .......... .
C'alifornia ............ .... ... . 26, 348. 71 3
5,522,322
C'o lomdo .... ................ .
De laware
Dis tric t of o lumbi a ........ .
~· 1orida ...................... .

26,5 14,6 12

-----1-----·>-- - --1-----1- -- - - - - - - - -- 1 - - - - -

336. 399
173. 747
44, 753
63,032

RM
458
2, 197
703

23. 618
3, !i25
26, I 10
28,92 1
8. 6 1.1

282

I , 452

191. 4 l.1

426
57 1
44 3

64. 53R

93•1

6, 180
86. 495
i. f,411
42, S50
28 1. 2.'>4

33,1
84
6 17
3,374
979
791 1
622
857
535
239
76
252
963
599
I, 54 5
740

5. 931
14 ,200

167, 239
40. 96~
8. 697
69. 075
42,1 86
332,6 19
166. 723

383
1,306
780

414, 532
52, 724

7. 329
42, 134
1,8 17
4, 58 1
5,652

293
1, 583
434

7,486
192. 707
24, 5,52

8. 954
11. 4(i3
I, 422
427
2. 703

9, n1
15,99 1
4,360
4, 108
17, 132

830
2. 692
389
338
745

17,360
62. ~93
100
1,850
14,302

2. 666
2, 94

16, 455
13,024
7, 87 1
I, 505

349
I, 268
459
170

33. 3 15
104, 700

1,730
I, 379

387
296

126

REPORT o;,.; PROGRESS OF 'l'H E WPA PROGRAM

TABLE X I X. -

SELECTED l TEMS OF P HYSI CA L A C'C'O AI PL IS II ME NT ON C oN S'I'R CT IO • PRO.JECT.

OPERA' rEo BY WPA,

BY HTATE
CU MULATIVE THROUGH J UNE 30, 1941

Ui ghways, roads, and streets a nd
related faci lities

Number of public buildings

l\filesof
of
highways. Number
of
and Number
culverts
roads, and bridges
Yiaducts
( new and
s tree ts
(new
and
improvc-d )
(new and
impro\'ed) impro,·ed)

State

Outdoor recreationa l facilities

All other

Schools

N umber
of parks

New cons truction

R econstruction or improvcment

an d
additions

re w con(new and
struction Reconstruction or im- improved)
and
pro,,.ement
additions

Uni ted States ....

601,341

116. 563

1,112,540

7.011

30, 441

27,522

Alabama ...............

19, 464
2,219
9, 63i
11 . 361
8, 7i3

9,831
311
5,008
1,318
3. 223

43, 561
5,1 19
33, 723
19. 746
19,9 16

261
56
423
304
109

516
219
46i
94
397

604
2 7

67i
2,005
519

609
177
295
2,763
701

359
122
I
I, 432
2. 651

4, 132
41
75
6, 70
32. 175

12
3

District of Columbia ...
F lorida.................
Georgia ............... -

3, 43i
111
14 5
6,997
, 387

-- --------273
321

464
51
13
284
526

236
36
51
669
446

600
253
394
301
1,408

Idaho .........••.•.....
Illinois ............ .....
Inrliana _______________
Iowa_ --------------Kansas .......•...... ..

3, 98i
42, 567
23, 167
31. 838
18,369

1,058
11. 499
2,944
6,669
1,334

9, 6i5
97. 739
33,021
37. 941
18,040

34
3
56
49
84

57
56
Sil
222
131

193
782
5 7
46i
463

9
I, 726
I. 243
499
422

40
542
357
243
166

K entucky .............

11 , 495
4,099
1, g32
1. 241
3,943

3,495
1, 9 5

63, 982
9,932
4. li5

9 1
519

3,3 12

7 5
334
102
386
I. 349

542
628
51

311

322
4
Ii
i5
lO

179
452

I. 286
2,200

21,020
25, li3
14,549
22, f-04
9,612

664
1,334
8. 442
1,983
2,732

59,032
2i. 994
21. 554
53, 520
14 593

145
Ii O
20h
3i2
37

1,018
950
203
654
350

791
I. 210
529
312
385

-N"t• w TT ampshire _______

va<la __ - ----------New Jrrsry ____________
New Mexico ___ ________

13. 258
2. 001
1,424
5. il5
3. 26

7, 271
148
243
498
1,675

25, 034
I, 165
4, 145
3,355
3, 714

63
6
317

260
40
65
986
249

re w York ____________
orth Carolina ........
Nort h D akota ...... - ..
Ohio .
..
Oklahoma ... -----

9, 164
12, .,38
I , 508
21,827
27, 9fi3

809
654
I. 460
7,296
3. 653

15, 708
16, 162
14,962
49, 471
48. 937

19
230
52
4
3

97
I, 124
1, ·123
I. 666
I, 901

Oregon ····••-•·····

4. 779
16, i43
652
9, OHS
17. 330

411
I. 90i
3.1
I, 098
I, 243

9, 443
41. 007
IOi
9, 9 2
10,037

52
114

196
3,068
194
I, 455
191

33,422
29,545
4. 541
1. Shi
7. lli

4,995
7, 134
1, 163
563
560

50. 070
30. i52
11. IOI
3,615
62. 342

179
342
30

11. 295
17,902
21. 375
3, 734

9il
1, 390
916
1,308

30. 901
24,408
17,884
3, i48

61
0
6q
20

Arizona ________________
Arkansas ____ _______ -- - -

California ..............
Colorado. ------------Connecticut _ -------Delaware

-----

L ouisiana ______________
:!\fninr
---------

~laryla nd
-------lllassachnsetts ... . .....
lllirbigan ..............
.l\finncsota
1\li~si~s ippi -----------____________
1\{j c."OUri

-------------

lllontana ...... -........
Nebraska ..............
T

Pcnnsyl\""ania _________

Rh ode lsl1ncl
South Carolina.·.::::::.
South Dakota .........
Tennessee ______ _____ ___

'l'exas . ......... ........
Utah

Vermont_ ______________
Vir~inia __ ______________

" ;ashi~.~~n .------- -·-

\\ est \ 1rg1 □ 1a ________
\Yi scon~in ____________

W yoming ........... . ..

229
22i

4, 717

-------- 29..

-------675
96

8
154

7,659

17,172

1,917

30
16
42
11 5

277
46
11
04
I 1

21
12
19
77
31

134
22
96
155
130

164
18
II
203
373

16
2
4
22
24

57

994

7
124

380
I
218

43
57

31
26
36
61
30

156
165
60
161
562

25
17
4
7
47

I. 499
I, 231
15
4i2
606

315
327

480
483
109
791
237

48
28

552
156
86
iO
35i

I. 14 3
61
103
2, 196
9i

1 0

123
39
67
56i
130

54

43
359
34

I . 251
6 6
473
983

4,441
441
6 6
3,829
505

527
92
136
535
11 6

906
516
248
823
2,051

24
31

406
2, 790
294
779

222
I. 188
53
327
2

13
133
7
20
15

84

. 386
,, I

45, 37

umber Number of
of play•
sw imming
grounds
a nd wad•
a nd a th·
ing pools
leti• fields (new
aud
(new and
in,proved) impro,•ed)

i3

450

28
183
94
2i

299

8
342
34
72
104

541
304
200
l06
4

297
1, 11 3
346
34
321

91
3
4.
I 9
1. 033

!Si
29
15
34

309
523
159
2i
228

492

710
855
I. 313
185

1. 079
351
1,687
243

190
25
42
33

603
154
430
54

1, 4ii

506
6

(Concluded on next page)

922
51
I. 120
333

!,

73

17
34
44
6

23
72
8

23
13
49

16

79
22

3

3
31
6
l

127

APPE ' DIX
TABLE

X IX .-

, ELECTED l TE~ I.

OF PHY S ICAL A cco ~1PL JS H~t ENT ON C'ONSTR
l h FhATE- Co nc luded
Ctt l\t llJ , ATl\'E TIIHOllG II

CTION PHO.J ECTIS OPERATED BY

WPA .

.il' 'E 30. 1941

.-\ irport fac·1ht1es

Public util1l1l's a nd sani ta tion
--1

]\[ii s ol

N u mhH of
utility
pla nt s
(new and
improw"'d )

tat.e

water

mains and
distrihulion Jin s
(new co nst.ru ct ion )

i\liles of
stf1rm and
san itary
sewers
(new eonst.ruc ti on )

N u mbe r or landing
fie lds

rum be r of
sanitar y
privies

(new cons t ru c tion )

Li near fee t

or ru nway s

stru ction
or improve-

Hecon-

New coo-

R econ·

s tru c t ion
and
additions

st.ru ction

New con-

or im provement

s t ru c t ion

men t

I a tes

Al a bama

Ari zo na ___

Ark a nsas .

alirornia
Col rado

3,276

14, 22!'l

----

-----------

-----------

Connectic ut
D elaware
Dis tri ct of Columhia
Florid a ...
Geor gia ...
I daho •.......
fll inois •..•...•••.......
Indiana.····-··········
lowa ___________________
K a n sas
K entu cky

Louisiana
I aine
M a r y land
M assach u sc t t s

20, 2:34

G, 700

1

2\ lfiR

29. 998
ii I, ,S93

40
16

29
3

193, 076
89, 79.5

11, 02"2
73,371
24,300

18,366
65. 094
98. 668
l 1,161
oO . 070

4

5
7
3
7

40, 570
fill, 263
6!i. :;s:;
3fi, i02
43, 467

l 10
l , Gl l
52 1
2il

140

46
i7
l
29
70

I
234
11 5

1

35 1
56
114
329
445

I

so, 35 1

8
4

75
40
50
22 1
247

154
40
69
90
14 0

16

13
2
4
29
2

23,362
53, 806
20, 736
29. 9 15

1

66
3. 27 4

3
3
3
2

----

l

3, 05
7, 181
2 1,900

13, 232
I 2

l
3
14
1
8

2
4
2
I
5

40. 470
21, 760
89, 810
8, 7!i6
31, fi75

ll , 260

455
437
G
175
42

63, 337
ii4.Q22

979

I, 624

900

360

2
3

40
8
5
29
55

meat

04, 760

290

~2. !)!)5

30S
45
75
l ,022
208

Recon-

st.ruction
or impro,·,J.

29. !11 3
:is, 708
23, 933
16,S. 529
135, 747

2,238, gog

151
142
50
l , 160
255

and
add ition s

2. G04, 097

2 1, tl43

24
23
23
159
63

New cons truction

- - - ---- -----

----1

U nited

A

Numbe r of ai rpor t
hui lclin rs

7,600

188
32
1

25
5
3
6

170
18

2

4

l

l

2

6
2
12

I
19
30

52
5
16
5
7

Tl
9
I
2
5
7
I
2

Michi~an
Minn eso t a
Miss issippi
Misso uri
M o nta n a

171
152
46
75
31

63 1
314
99
502
126

I, 375
G60
23.S
09
136

22,'l
261
1,S7. 019
G. 423
17. 066

30
3
10
5
5

46
6
13
3
ll

S3. 302
45. 850
23, l 16
·10, 6!\5
3/i, 280

6:/, .S33
4. 00
:io. 740

Nebraska

263
42
40
220
95

348
22
140
72G
224

:Jo. 348

3
I
2
2
2

5
2
4
8
l

29,177
l ·l. 880
21, 20
2,5, f,23
14. 6011

25, 304
l l , 850
3,900
13, 707
27, 200

11

New M ex ico

93
10
9
ll 4
30

N ew York
North Carolin a
North D ako t a
Ohio .
Okla h o m a

225
103
80
227
108

l. 109
376
4
735
338

493
!iG9
79
2,002
265

839
149, 3i4
31. 800
69. 780
88.%2

13
3

17
8
1
10
6

149. 425
2r,. 850
9. 226
72, 979
2,\ Of\2

13, HOO
44. 97:;
12, 200
;, 296
9, 400

73
5
5

Oregon .....
Pennsy lvania _
Rh ode Island
Sou th Caroli na
South Dakota

18
ll 2
4
5
51

304
495
20
205
129

82
l, 163
168
283
101

17 , 1105
60, "68
l6
1 lU, 109
36. 9:3:;

6
14
l
5

10
8
2
l
4

67. 080
150. 283
2, 300
G~. i59
fi7, 200

31,300
26, 224

2
35
1
10
13

3
47
I

Ten11essee

13
131
25
4
19

137
553
429
46
316

124
746
292
53
30

222, fi\2

10

2
25

,i:~. fi()t)

108. 226
27. -169
2
134. 673

12 1. 703

6
3
6

750
~2. 15
15. 28
"· 3·10
31. 185

22
24
5
1
13

2
353
6
I
14

60
17
123
22

697
68
3 5
73

350
27 1
970
45

Y, 400
7,300
27,367
12. 200

21
I
9

6
2
5
3

Ne\7 ada
Tew Ilampshire
N w Jersey

Texas .

----------

tah .
Vermont_ __
Virginia

---- -------

W ashin eton
,vest Virg inia
\Visconsin
\V yomi ng
A Incln rleg s11 rrac in g.

3, 438
33
27. 120
18. 909

17 30!i
-JUG
239'.
18, 5-10

6. 2RR

I
3

2

I

13
I
5
3

"47
13
2
7
2

ii, 106

22, 500
11. 031
ti9, 021
26, gfi2
fi l , .') lfi

1l, 100

39,100

6
6
5
3

3

32
2

191
7
3
30
3

6

5

128

REPORT ON PRO GRESS OF T HE WPA PRO GRA M

TABLE

xx .

XF~IRER OF P ERSONS E~l P L OYED ON F E DER A L
01'

H EC IPI EN'l'f;

OF

P U RL! ('

n · o RK

A iS:S I RT .\N

.\ND

E,

BY

Co:-iwrR\f("l'l ON

PR O.IE('T f; AN D :\!U MB ER

P RO C: RAM A

[I n th ou sand sl
Emp loyme nl on Federal work programs and recipients of public assista nce

Unduplicated total

Na tiona l Youth Ad-

B

ministratio n o

\\-ork
Proiects

Year anti month

ITouseholds

Persons in
these
hou sehokt s

.\ dministratioo C

Stu dent
wo rk
progrnm

I

Publi c ll' or ks Adm inist ration F

Out-of-

Ch· ilian I
Coose r\~a t ion

sr hool

Corps E

wo rk
program

Other
F ederal

iv il
\Vork s

Nonl'erlern l
nroiects

F edera l
projects

at!ency

program a proiectsemerg:ency
fu nd~

A

J.9S.~

January
Frh rua ry
?\fay

4. 504
4, 764
5. 35R
5, 4M
5. 182

17 . 620
1.,. fi48
21.0o5
21. 41 6
211. 303

Jun e

4, ,9.1

1~. 77•1

4,579
4,'148
4. 12R
4. 23-1
5. .1.17
7. IR4

17. 562
17,301
15, 714
16 . . 72

larch
An ril
Jul y

___ ___ _.. ______ ___ _

Au gn st

S ntemhe r
Octoher
No vemher
D ecemher

__ ____ _____ ____ __

______ ___ _____ __
___________ _
____________ _

Jan uary

F ehruary
M a rch
An ril
M ay
Jun e
Jul y
_____ ___ ________ _
August
__
Septemher
Or toh er
N ovemhrr
D ecemhcr

7, 97•1
7. 980
7. 243
6. 364
5. 813
5. 7~.I

21
91
243
294
286
2i4
222
289
290

20. 4fi2
2.'l. ~7.5

2~. 09:J

297
293
26S

28. 102

2.\. X 6
2':?, Ht1-t

25fi

21. 20.1

294
2R4

21. 001

(0)

1
3
9
25

22
23
21
34
,51
7R

5
42
132
223
239
22fl
22f1

( ")

(0)

2 1, fi l I

3lfi

9,5

H6

6. 212

22. i39
22. fil2
22, fiRl
23. 269
24. 122

357
330
350
352
330

I II

4I I
34R
309
28
22-1

2-1, iHi

35b
347
306
293
338
3,1 1

114
120

401
481
4 3
459

135
128
123

6.:nr;

6. ,5n5
6. 706

120
126
124
107

J9S6

January

F ch ru a ry
M orch
April
M av

-------------1

6. 900
6. 2.5
6. 855
fi, i ,~fl

6,694
"· 3:i9

June

Jul v
Augu st
Septcmher
Octoher

6. 137
6, 128
5, 733
.5, 7.~

No,.,. emher
D eccmher

- ----- -- ----- 1

5. 64 7
6,0111,

24 . rn2
24. 354
23. 936
23 . .102
22. 302
21. fi69

21. "1 6R

19. 963
19. 7.16
19. 343
20, i fii

220
37•1
705
I. 815
2. fifi7

35
I 4
234
283

94
78
83
JOO

l2i

4,3 11
3, 8:i4
2. f.09
1. 105
23

229
2,.J1
380
449

5, 91fi
6, 217

I , 532
:,. 597

168
14-1
15~
200
2-14
270

--- -- - - -- --

-- ------ ----- --- ----------- ---- ---- --- - -----

-

----- ---- -------------

-----

-- - ---- -----

- ---- ----- ---

---- --- --------------- --- ---------- -------- - - - --------------- ----- --- -------- ----------------- -------- -- --

459

11 0
9

254
2-10
199
172
139
106

426
403
355
322
34
336

95
7
123
172
213
240

83
74
76
81
90
95

350
33S
299
330
343
328

247
246
234
214
200
17.1

75
70
64
57
49
39

374
353 1

350
345
303
303
301

147
130
133
14 3
154
152

30
27
27
27
30
29

238
198
192
203
21 5
226

276
27
233
263
29
284

144
135
120
107
91

28
26
24
21
18
15

4SO

8
29
76
125
169
204

I

19S6
January

5. 991

20, 724

F ebruary
M arch
April
M ay

6. 127
6. 131
:i, 884
5. 60-1
.\, 427

21. 165
21. 073
20. 1.5G
18. 901
18.1%

Ju ne

2.~,11
3. 019
2, 9f,ll
2. f12fi
2. :397

321
360
393
417
401
215

2. 2~fi

17
79
163
ISi
178

18 1
]6.1

17. J;;Jg

2, :M .5

5. 416

17,974

5,542
5, 792

1,. 300
18, 659

5, 72

18. ~46

5, R3,\

1 . fi02

2, 332
2, 449
2,0 18
2. 5 16
2. 2-1 3

2
63
341
399
411

Januar y
Feh n rn r y

5, 8-14

417

5, 8~3
:i, 739
5, 50,
5,207

18, 769
18..509
18. f,30
17,949
In. 969
16. 126

2, 127

Ma rch
Anril
M ay
June

2. 145
2, 125
2. 07:i

427
440

2,018
I , l 74

424
249

185
1$9
192
192
185
1n

Jul y

4, 6 Ii
4. ,572
4. 4,:1
4, 62&

36
244
283
304

150
133
12i
123
127
136

Jul r
Au:z-u st

5. 327

Ser,temher

Octoher

ro,·en1her

D ecemher

(0)

162

lfi7
16fi
172
17

220
2.i:12

ml
336
376
406

404
395
319
292

19S7

Au z ust

Sentemher
Orto her
November
Decem ber

5. 3fi

4, 792
ii, 169

H, 220
13, 778
13. 346
13 . .533
14. 085
15, 460

442

l,li2~

'· .109

I, 4.14

'· 460
'· 501
' · 594

(0)

277

77

, ____ _____
--- --- - ----- ------ -- ------- -

21 5
173
165
161
156
143

129

APPE ' DI X

NU ~IB ER OF P ERSONf- EI\I PL OYEI) ON F°l, DERAL \Y ORK A.ND CoNRTnt ·<·T rnN Pn o., r-:t"l'fi AND Xu MDER
C'n11t i11ut•d
OF HE I P IE T•r s OF P \! llL I (' .\ ss 1:-:.'J' \NCE, llY PROC:R A \ I A

TABLE XX .-

CON TINt,::NTAL l '" "l;' !Tt-::n S TATES

~ l ON TIILY, JA ~l ' A RY 1933 -JP:o;E 1941

Ii n

-

=

~: mployrnrnt on F'cdf'ral wo r k programs and rce1p1t.•nts

thousands)

or public assistance Co ntinued

-----S pecia l types o f publi c
assistancC' 1

Fede ral F:mcrgency Re lief ,\(lministr ation special programs

0 n e ral re lief'

Employ•
F'ar rn

Relief
O ld -age

ass is ta n ce

Aid to
depend·
c nt r hil •

Aid to
th e
b li nd

d re □

Erner-

-----1'ot a l

Poo
. r

, _ _ _ _ _ : : _ ,~

---- - ---

Emerg ncy
lief

N on•
re lief

'f' r 8ll·
sient K

ge ncy
e d u c•·

tion

Rural
rehah,li·
tat ion L

Co ll ege
s tuclr nt
aid

nwnt o n
rt'g ular
Ferll'ral

~er urity <·o nstrucAd minist10n
tration projrc·ts
N

Ye ar a nd rnontb

grants"

--- ---- - - - - - --- ----

· --

1933

4, 133
4, •100
4, 9iR
s . 07 1
4, 735
4, 2 14

65
65
4
67
67
64

3. 927
3. 788
3. ·121'
3. 4i6
3. ,70
:J,09:!

68
63
64
67
75
90

2. 962
3. I n
3. f,93
1,31'1
4. 3GJ
l, 2f>6

89
R3
6fi

102
109
142
I i.5
193
214

28
34
33
26
17
9

71
71
68
72
82
83

256
2 i
274
281
281
255

9
10
14
24
31
35

.5. 276
,\, 240
5. 172
5, 0 13
4. 842
I. 534

79

25S

40
42
44
44
41
32

I, :l6 1
I. 2211
3, 910
3. i23
3,463
2,610

6
55
30
21
14
8

27fi
26 1
179
1-17
I 16

2,216
2, 136
2. 010
I, 827
1, f,57
I, S55

3
3

l

39
27
23
15
13
II

15\J
14 9
14 2
15S
159
162

42
43
44
44
45
4,5

I. 452

I

l, 434
I. 389
! , 396
J,<106
!, 5 10

(0)
(0)
(")

JO

(0)

9
9
9
9
11

1,1 50
I, 200
I, 256
I, 296
!, 32i
I, 290

166
171
178
183
189
192

47
47
4b
49
·19
.50

I. 662
I. 726

(")
(0)
f")

10
6
6

I, 392
1, 432
! , 467
1,503
!, 54 1
I, 577

176
203

50
51
52
54

I. 257
I. 271
I. 265
I. 270
I. 368 1

116
116
11 2
11 0
109
lOS

112
108
I 13
Ill
Ill
108

25
24
24
25
24
24

4, 247
4,5 12
5, 087
5, 1 5
?. 849
4,328

114
11 2
109

106
!05
105
!04
105
107

109
11 0
Ill
Ill
Ill
11 2

25
24
24
25
24
25

4, 62
3. 940
3. 5 9
3. 64i
4, 037
3. 246

13S
152
161

123
123
125
125
128
130

110
!09
Ill
l09
110

27
26
26
27
26
29

3, 135
3,284
3. ii0
4,544
4. 55 1
4,HI

Ii:!
Iii
I;;
1,1
1911

134
141
145
154
164
206

I JO
11 0
109

32
31
31
33
32
33

4. 53 1
4. 766
4,809
4, 84R
5,0 13
5. 2 .5

17:i
191
190
199
192
20i

,), 1178

240
256
263
274
28 1
293

108
!Qi
108
I IO
110

JO

33
32
32
33
32
33

5. 500
5, 470
5. 410
5, 254
5,077
4. 764

224
230
238
241
235
2.311

302
314
326
347
359
378

110
110
110
11 2
I 13
117

34
33
33
35
34
35

4,595
4, 4611
4, 161
3. 9i5
3. 723
2.879

231
240
25 1
252
260
269

430
473
505
571
607

12:l
132
132
14 5
149
lfi7

37
41
43
42
43
44

7
807
899
973
I, 035
I, 106

114

11 4
11 •1

171

167
IS3

-

--------

..

(0)

2
11

(0)

1934

109

Ill
I ll
113

I

17fi

1,:J51i
I, 57,\
I, 619
I, G4!l
4, R21

January.

64
34

32
42

4S
36
32
Si
63
61
59
61
59
62
59
53

.Jul y.

69
96
100
100

42
40
40
46
52
69
72

46
43
H
51
55
58

Janu arJ
Ft hru ary.

5i
59

July.

I
31
61

66

(0)

Fchruar y .
,\ l a r r b .
.\pnl.
;\fay.

.June.
August.

S(' Plrmbcr.
Oetohcr.
Tnv<•mher.
D crt•mhcr.
/9,;,r,

72

56
59
62
65

252
295
302
2'J5
282

28
32
25
19
Ii
8

'i

102
103
105
l04

JOO
52

87
173
2 111
205
204
167
10,
45
10
3
1

()-...

~Ii

6
130

90

so

0

J\ l a rcb.
.\ pn!.
~ l ay.
June.

.\ uc:ust.
St'J 1f1•mber.
C)<•toh1•r
~,1, 1•mber.
l)l•c·t•mher.
1986

650

l

I
1

(")

(U )

(0)
(0)

(")
(" )
(0 )
(0 )

(0 )
(0 )
(0)
(0 )

151
139
172
108
gr,
62

62
57
61
jf,

94
I JS

Ja nuary.
F'd )ruary.
~ ! orr h.
April.
J\ Ja y.
June.
July .
Au~ust .

41
60
7i
88
93
13S

152
16G
Ii:!
Jill
J.,2

Xc 1)trmber.
OC' tolwr
~ o,•pmhrr.
l)erl'mher

33,5
229

!W
123

Jan uary
Ft>hruary .

32:l

l2f>

3011

~l a rc h .
.\ pril

19 1

1:rn
Iii!
l~ I

54
78
67
71
83
109

2011
2119
2 1:1
20!1
20 1
169

171\

1987

I

215 1
209
220
228

55
56 1

I, 6S4
I. 5o0
I, 3, 2
I. 27;

I, 626

SPP fon1 11 otP~ nt rnd of table.

( 0)

(0 )

(" I

21),,,

!\ l ay
Junr
Jul y .
.\u g u s t .

~e pt<'mb r.
Ocl o he r
Novt' mber.
J) p('p mhrr

130

REPORT ON PROGRESS OF THE WPA PROGRAM

TABLE XX. -

N

i1AER OF' PEH,SON S E~I PLOYED ON FEDERAi, \Y ORK A ' D CON STRUCTION PRO.JECTS AND NU MBER
OF HECIP I ENTS OF Punu c A s;; 1RTA' E, BY PR OG RAM A - Continued
('ONTINENTAL U~ 11'EO STATES

Mo,n111

Y. JAN UA ll\' 1933- J U1' F. 194 1

[ In thousands]

Emplo~~ment on Federal work proerams and reci 11ientc; of pu!'llic nssistaoce-Continucd
Und upli catecl to ta l e
Yea r sad month
H ou seb olds

Persons
in these
households

\\'ork
P rojects
Administration c

P11blic W ork s

National Youth
Adminis tr1tion o

ivilia n
Conser-

O u t-ofschool wo rk
p rogram

t u dent
wo rk
p rogram

v::ition
Co r ps E

Admini stra t ion

NonFedera l
projects

Federal
projects

1938
J anu a ry
-------------February _
-------------- ---M a rcb __ . ------------------- -----April
-------------- -- ----------M ay._. --------------- -- ---------Jun e __ . - - - ------------------------

5. 629
5, 95,5
6,336
6,417
6,496
6,475

17. 080
18,236
19,535
19,874
20, 115
20. 147

I, 801
2,001
2,319
2. 53
2,638
2, 741

310
320
327
334
329
219

146
152
155
159
179
209

285
278
262
262
257
245

65
63
65

July -·----------------- -----Au gust
--------------------Septemher
------------------October .
------- ------ ---November ___
-------- --------Decem be r
--- --------------

6,415
6,533
6,563
6, 30
6,934
6,954

20. 019
20,475
20. 470
21,022
21. 280
21 . 2 6

2,996
3, 122
3. 209
~- 282
3. 330
3. 156

2
49
322
364
372

215
219
221
220
230
240

284
290
26
29 1
293
275

I
79
0
9-1
105
122

/939
J anuary
---- ---- ------- -F ebrua ry .
---------------- -J\farcb • ------------- ------- -April
---------- --- ---- -----M aY·-····-··--------·--·-·------·June ... •··-·------·---------·------

6,960
7,009
7. 015
6,805
6,597
6,363

21.227
21,276
21. 250
20,440
19,606
I . 761

3. 016
2,990
3.004
2, 7 6
2. 63R
2..170

372
382
380
384
372
280

237
242
236
228
225
214

295
296
259
285
292
266

140
14 3
149
170

Jul y
---------- ------------Augu st
------ ---- ------ ----September ... -------- ------ -----October
------- ------- ----1 oYernher
-----------------December
------------------

5. 990
5. 755
5, 47
5. 709
5. 804
5,907

17,683
16, 797
I.I. 626
16,098
16. 401
16, 61

2. 279
1,967
I , 715
I, 67
I, 946
2, 109

207

1940
J a nuary
--------------F eb ru a ry
------------------Ma rch .. -- -------------- ---- -----Ap r il__
Ma y .. _. ------------------- -----Jun e .... •··-·----·-·-·-·-----------

6, 143
6, 217
6. 171
5, 974
5, 736
5,371

17, 749
18,012
17,854
17. Iii
16,256
15, 0 9

2, 203
2,293
2. 294
2, 12.5
I. 963
I, 734

Jul y
------------- -------- -----August
----------------------September. _. --------------------October
- - --------------------November ._ ...... ·--·----- --- ----D ecember
-------------- ---

5. 055
5. 098
4. 990
5,200
5,277
5,362

14,331
14,478
14,059
14 ,436
14 ,577
14 , 807

I, 639
I, 684
I. 673
I, 713
I. 771
1,826

5,445
5, 4.18
5. ~60
5. 153
4. 913
4. 689

15. 064
15. 060

1, 58
!,R50
I, 718
1, 575
1. 453
I. 376

(0)

F

--------

73

2
4

11

9
9
8
9

205

34
31
31
34
36
35

7
7
6
6
6
6
3
3
3
4
2
2

I

288
2 9
255
288
292
266

197
192
179
160
150
123

30
27
25
23
19
16

437
456
473
482
477
313

322
336
335
32 1
296
269

293
296
264
272
270
240

9-1
7
71

12
10
10
10
8
7

24
352
439
449

196
239
238
232
262
326

274
287
254
2i9
283
246

56
43
35
27
22
18

442
459
471
478
462
356

419
482
459
418
391
384

258
274
244
22
223
195

12
10

I

149
20G
240
150
13
14
12
10
10

225
238
261
296

(0)

11 6
110
119

22
24
34
3/i

I
70
362
423
434

211

Other
f<'edera l
agen cy
projectsemergency
fUDd s H

72

72
70

7
5
5

4
4
3

2
2

2
2
2
2
2
I

1
1
1
1

/.941

J anuary
F eh ruar y _
l\[a rcb._.
Apr il
May .
June ._. --

-----------------

------------------------------------------------------------------

l-1,6fi7

13, ,96
13,018
12. 364

:
7
7

2
2
2
2
2

-' Fii,ures represent tbe numbe r or recipients or public relief or pe rso ns employed durini th e calenda r month except whcr~ otherwise specified .
Administrati\'e emp loyees are excl uded . 8ou rce: " rPA , Di•ds ion of Statisti cs e\cept where otherwise s pecified
s Estimates or the net number o f househo lds and persons recei\'in~ puhlic relief and employment oo Federal wo rk programs rl uriog the month .
Does O0t include employment on regular F ederal ron struction projects. which increa sed s uhs tant ially <lu ring th e fi sca l ~'ea r 19.11, renecting cxpg nsion in
construct ion fo r defense pu rp oses. Duplication within the th ree s pecial types of publi c assistance, a □ <! hetwee n these typ es ancl ge nernl relief, estimated
by the Soci1I Secu rit y Boarrl for months s ub sequent to June 1936. All other adjustments fo r duplication prepared by the W PA DiYisions of Statistics
and Resea rch .
c A ,.,.eragc \veekly employ1nen t on \\'"PA projects , including th ose operated hy <1thcr Federal agencies:.
orrected to A ugnst lO.
0
ource: National Youth Administrati on fo r months subsequent to June 1939.
E A veraie en rollment.
Sou rce· Ci\·il ian C' onsen ·atioo Co rp.s.
F A vernec week ly employment du r ing tbe month end ing on the !:\th nf the s pecified m on th .
ou rce. TJ . S. D epa rtm ent or Labor , Bu reau of Labor
Statis tics.
a A vcrn~e weekly employment on other F dernl agency projects financed from F, RA a ts du rin g the mo nth end rn g on the I.5th of tbe specified
month . Rource: U . S. Deportment nf Lahor. nurc a11 nf L ahur S tatistics.
8 D e ri ved from peak week employment in eac h s tate.

AP PEN DI X
TAB L E

]

XX . - N U MBER OF PERSO'
E i 1PLOYED ON FEDERAL W ORK AN D CoNSTRll T I ON PROJECTS AND
OF RE C IPIE NTS OF P BL I C A ss 1s TANC-E, BY PR OG liA~I A- Conc luded

;3 1

JUMBEn

M 0NT II LY, J \ 'JUARY 1933-J UNE 1941

I l n tl1ousa nds)
Emp loyment on Feder al wo r k programs a nd rec ipients of p ubl ic ass ista nce-Co nc lu ded

Specia l types of puhlic ass is taoce 1
Ge ne ral re li ef

E mployrne nt on
regu la r Frc!er al
construc ti on
projects N

Y e ar and rnontb

gran ts M

A id t o dependent
chi ldren

Old-age assis t a n ce

J

Farm Security
Administrati on

Aid t o tb e blind

1938

I, 657

234
241
24i
252
256
258

57
58
60
60
62
62

l , 93
l , 996
I, 994
l, 15
I, 696
I, fi48

108
119
126
I Ii
11 2
93

1, 707
I, 716
I, 73 1
I, 746
I, 7G2
I, 776

260
265
26
271
2i4
280

63
6•1
65
65
66
67

I, 6 10
I, 58 1
I, 526
I, 497
I, 51S
I, 63 1

f,9
fi4
69
78
89
11 5

2 16
22~
202

11 ibl

287
296
29S
296

67
67
68
68

126
123
127
11 3
Ri
r,9

Iii
161
103
1,:1
209
242

46
53

Jul y.
Au g us t .
September.
Octohe r.

66
96

260
2H
?,4
2.',H
2.~1
2fi2
21 1
205
224
2,5G

Jan uary .

l, 600
I, 623
I, 646
I, 662
I, 677

141
134
144
161
190
209

J an u a r y.
Februar y.

222
239

Jul y.
A u gus t .
Septem be r.
Octolw r .
No\'em ber.
D ecem ber .

2-,x

I, 799
I. 13
I. ~30
I. S32
I, 842

31 I

68

I, 772
I. SH
I, 850
I, 724
1,644
I, 568

l, 51,
I, 71
I, 884
l , 94
I, 903
I. 909

312
312
313
313
313
315

6
69
69
69
69
70

I, 539
l , 583
l, 665
I, 628
I. 559
I. 558

I, 922
I, 927
I, 932
I, 941
I, 953
I. 967

325
329
334
338
342
346

70
70
70
71
71
72

I, 674
I, G71
I, 612
I, ,527
I, 4-12
I, 354

106
115
11 9
7
72

2Kt)

60

314

349
353
357
360
364
370

72

I. 362
I. 342
I, 258
'· 230
I. 239

31
43
35
34
36
44

345
391
4.5;\
614
i12

376
3S3
3 i

73
73
73
74
74
74

l, 257

5;

I. 229
I. 210
I, 153
I. 038
934

5i

299

I

1,9!,6
2, OUI
2,034
2,051
2. Ofi6

i~~I
2, 125

2, 14 (j

2, 166

72

48

April.
]\fay.

June.

I

I J an u ary.

1989

Febru a r y.
M a rch.
Ap ril.
l\l ay.
June.

Non1 111ber.
Drc-<• mbcr.

1940

2. ()Jf,

2,075

6S

1\ 1arch.

72
72
72

I, 212

73
73

332

F ebruar y.
Jl[ a rch .
April.
M ay.
June.
July.
Augu st.
Se pt,•mbe r.
Octohe r

Xon•mber.
D,,,·,•mbe r.
1941

391
392
39 1

I

I

66
52
35
38

721
797
762
776
723
71

January.
Frhruary.
J\ f a rr h .
April.
l\T ay .
June.

1 Fo r J a nu a r y 19:J3-J an u a r y 1936 inc lud es reci pients ass is ted from s tate and local fund s on ly; for s ubseq uent months, from Federal , s tate, and local
fund s for programs adminis te r cl und e r sta t e p lans app rol'ed by the Socia l Sec urity Board and from s ta te a nd local fu nd s fo r programs adm i □ is tered
under state laws without Federal parti cipation. Exc ludes re cipients or institution al care, hospitali za tion and /or burial on ly and, hrginning Se ptember
1940, recipieots of m e<li ra l ca re on l y . Co rrected t o Jul y 15. Sourrec Socia l Sec urity Board .
J Partly es timated .
Loca l poor re lie f cases , for which scparatr esti mates arc s hown for 1933-3.5. are 111clu ded in the general re lief totals for s u bsequent
months. Excludes cases rece ivin g hos 1 italizatioa and /or hurial on ly and, beg innin g Se ptember 1940, cases recei\·ing medical earl' on ly . C'orrecte<l to
July 25. Source: April 1937 to date, ocial ~ec uri ty Boa rd .
K Estimated number of cases receiving tran s ient relirf throu gh state and loca l emerge ncy re lief adminis trations.
L Partly estimated fo r July- December 1935 .
.\t Net number or cash grant paymrnts made to individua l cases fo r s ubs istence p lus number of cases rereh~ing eommoditi1.~s or S urplus .\farketing
Administration s ta mps issued by the F arm Security Adminis trati on. Ordinarily oolr one cash c rant payment per month is mad£> to a tase. Source:
Farm Security .Adminis tration.
!ll' Average w"(•ek ly ('lllploymeot duri □ i th e month end111~ o n the 15th of the s pl'rified month .
llleludps emp loy ment on proJl'C'ts financed from RFC
[unds . Partly <'s (1111aL<•d by \\'PA fo r montbs p r10r to Januar y 1936. So urce Januar y 1936 to ,.131,·, U.S. t)ei,art111<' nl of Labor. Bu re au of Laha r
" tatis t1 cs. (Se,• not,• n .)
o L ss tban 500 pe rsons.

132

l'lW(:RESS OF T H E WPA PROGRAM

HEPUH'I' O N

TABLE XXL -

ON STRUCT I ON PROJECTS
AMO UNT OF EARN I NG S OF PERF. ONF, E~1PLOYED ON FEDERAL \VonK AND
AND PAY~IENTS TO RE CI P I ENT. OF P U BLI C A SS I S'l'ANCE, BY PROGRAM A
CONTJNEX' TA I. lf"'l' ITEll S TATES
M ONTnl.Y , J A~LTARY I

33

J UN E

1941

[I n tho u sands!
F ederal work prog ram earnings and payments t o recipients or public assistan ce

Public Works Ad·

N ational Youth Ad·

ministration

ministration o

Work

Year and month
Total

8

Project s
Admit1i s-

tration c

Stud ent
w ork
pr ogram

Out•of•
school
,vork
program

Civ ilian
Couse n ·atioo Corps E Non- Federal proj•
ccts

J?

Feder al
projects

Otber
Federal
C ivil
ag_ency
Works
program o fr:;~1,"g~t~;;
fund s u

$ 140. 736

$1,815

$28,902

682
855
379
552
147

I, 474
6, 387
16,992
20, ,\79
19,996
19, 169
15. !\75
20, 24 5
20,3 19

36
157
501
I , 121

l , 860

5. 8 10
10, 290
10, 782

3 1,932
183,024

193•1 tota l •.•.•. .••••••• ••• .. ••••.

2,380, 65

260. 957

58, ·133

216, 72h

50'.l, 060

Januar y _____ ______ ___________ _

20, hlO
20, ·189
18. 76 1
Ii, 894
20. 560
19,907
22. 11 3
25,01 9
2.1, 114
24, 510
2 1,674
23, 106

I, 117

9. 973

I. •177

11 . 374

I , 082

21 , 799
15 1, 5-19
123,630
5, 968
102

7, 926
. 330
9, 303
i, 464

11 , 124
14 , S2 1
20,342
2.1. 827
25, 41 2
24,931
21, 164
18,952
18. 696
l<l , 11 2

97,679

157, 993

1933- t otal. .....•..• •.•••••••••••• .
January _ __________ __________ __
FC' hruary _________ __________ ___ _

!l l areh ........................ .
April.. .•..............•.•......
!l •ey .•.....•••••..••••••••.••••

June .......................... .
Jul y

....•• • •.••••..•.•...•.••

August _______ ______________ __ ..
Se pte mber ..............•......
....... ........... ... .
October.
N ovrmber_____ ______________ __ _
DrcC' rnber ____ ___ _______ ____ ___ _

I, 223,328

66. 126
70, 9 4
84, 0i7
78, 227
80, S J9
86, 634

8-L Mfi
85,
83,
90,
I 37,
274.

$2 14. 956

26
134

Dece mber ...... .... •.......••..

308, 193
24 7, b82
226, 700
149, 523
161. 042
162,38 1
ms. ii63
186, 765
174, 9 15
187, 680
203, 290
203, ,SO I

1935-toJ.al. • • •••• •••••••••• ••.•....

2,532,512

Januar y _______ ___________ _____ _

'eptem ber . ..... ........... ... .
October _..... . ........••......._
Novf'mber ____________________
Dece mber .... ................ . .

219, I02
203, 488
207, 0,50
210, 71 1
214,080
199, 252
200, 751
200,907
19 1. 203
209,67 1
222, 995
2!\3, 302

!936- tota l ......•.•• • • ••• •..•.•.•..•

3, I 19,0 13

J an uary .... ........ ......... .
Febru ar y ........... .... .. .... .
M arcb .. .... ... .............. .
Apri l.. ...• .•••• ... •..........
M ay ............ .............. .

September. ................... .
Octobe r .. -••·· ··· ····· ·········
Nove mber .... . ...... ... . ..... .
Dece mber ............ ......... .

256, 502
261, 518
2fi9. 423
263, 260
258,856
255, 963
249,973
2:i3. 841
255,8 14
266. 0,1s
268,859
258, 956

t otal. ................... .....

2,653,918

I, 186, 266

24, 287

32. 661

215, 756

141 ,920

34. 154

148,565

January ___ ____________________ _

24 6,929
245, 574
246, 172
243, 294
236, 784
225, 735
205. 34 1
198, 131
193, 228
196,5 17
203,715
212,498

114 ,838
I Iii, 0-17
I If>, 912
I 1:s. ,3 1
11 2, 178
106, 368
9 1, f\90
82, 778
8 1, 146
RI , :l69
82, 634
86, 475

2, 9Hi
3, 227

3. Oo7
3. 245
3. 226
3, 191
3, 106
2. 920
2, 49 1
2, 3,1
2, 193
2, 165
2,263
2. 429

24, 485
24. 158
21. 2:ss
21. 22h
21,039
19, 356
19, 33•1
19,439
16. 3 12
18,379
20, ~7(j
19, 9 12

12, 664
11 , &JO
11 ,074
13, 232
13, 742
14, 112
13. 315
12, 930
11 , 96 1
10,337
9, 414
7. 499

3, 374

14 ,034
12, 207
11 , 8 10
13, 219
14 ,024
14 ,941
13, 179
12, 354
11 , 534
11 ,377
JO. 539
9,347

February ..... ................. .
!l l a rcb ...... ....... ........... .
Apri l .... ................... •.
Jll ay •·•• ••••••·•• ··•••••··••••

June_ ..... . .... . ........ . ..... .

Ju l y ..•• •••.•••••••••••.• ••.•..
Au gust •••.•. ....•. • ••••••• ••••

Se pte mber ... .... ............. .
..
Oetob r .. ... ... ............
________ _
rov('mber __ __________

February ...... . ..•.............
Marcb ..... ................... .
April.. ....... .. ............... .
l\l ay • • ••••• .•••.••••• ••.•••••.•

June._------------------------Jul y ... .................... ... .
Au gust •..•••••.•••.• •.••.•...••

Jun e •• ••..•.•.•••• •••..•.•••.

Jul y .... ..................... .
Au gust .••• •••••.•••.•••...••. _

1937

February ......... ....... ...... .
!llarch ........ ..... .... .. ... . . .
April ..... .................•..
M ay ....... ..... •..... .. ......
June ••..•.. •.•.. •.• •.•.•• .•..•

Jul y ................. ........ .
Au gust. •.••.•.•••••..•...• • ••••

Septe mbe r .. .. .....•...... .... .
October ..... ..... ............. .
November __ ___ _______________ _
Decem ber .... ... .............. .

,;,,,, footn otes at e ncl of table.

$23 , 0 18

2
5. 312
16. 592
32, fil7
65. 015
I 18. 480

332,851

$6, 364

I, 799
2. 842
4,41 6
5. 395

7. 2h2

ll
l

11 ,409
6,770
JO, 099
5. 842
11 , 0 1
5,835
13,858
7. 492
15. ti06
8,584
16,850
9,072
16, 352
9, I 22
15. 920 • . • • • • . • • • •
JO, 328
13,905 -••·· •·····
9. 495
13, 242
9. 362
10. 982
s. 64 1
8, 1.,2
7, 136
l====l====t====
4, 187
180. 0,13
2H2, :l97
25,036
24, :JO!\
21, •137
20, 499
23. 675
24, ,539
Zi>. 0
33, 687
33, 777
32, J06
33. 5o2
120

221
I. 653
2,09:;
2,395

n

oau

$34. 225

59!
I, 324
4,360
7,007
9,618
11, 32s

234, 185
26,329
$28. 883
J-- - - -1· - - --1·- - - - 1- - - --1
-- ----- ---- -13<1, 237
2U, 792
196
2. 528
12, 121
7, 526 ••••• •• • • ••
6, 16
12, 920
140, 672
2H, 188
7. 223 . •• ••••••••
5, 930
J.Of>I
2. 865
1<17, 930
24, 85
2. 153
3, 099
14 , 724
7. 339 ••• ·••·····
7, 61
17, 884
22, 575
2, 90:l
, 014 .• •••.••••.
3, 29,5
12,920
138, 34
24, 3,1
130,241
2,866
3, 580
21 , 143
, 63 1 •••• ••••••••
16,363
23, 721
9. 125 .•••• •••• ••
19, 274
12 1,9,%
23,518
3. 070
!, 842
21, 49(i
2,574
I
121. r,2 1
23, '66
7, 299 •··••••••••
19, 966
2, ,,82
24, 285
23, li29
7,05 1 •.•• •••••••
20, 286
12-1, Of,8
7
23 . .J 19
20, 903
2, 729
6. 496 . .•••••.•..
342
19, 780
12~. 9i l
22, 01
2.1, 133
2, 787
6, 0i7 ... •••• .••.
2, 516
18, 370
135, 188
20, 079
24,01 2
5, 128
17, 323
2,933
3, 122
137. 502
I ', 005
3, 029
4, 278
15, 154
I 26, 789
22, 945
3. 132

1, ;)92.

3,3 16
3,347
3,642
I, 992
(0)

164
I, 599
I, 977
2,056

2,990 ..• •. ••..•..
2, 862
3, 116
3, 075
3, 123
3, 154 •• •••••••• •
2. 92,1
2, 872 . • • • • • • . . • •
2,540 ·• ••• •• ·••·
2, 249
I. 875

APPE ' DIX
XX I .

TABLE

A~ I OON'I' OF EARNINGS OF P E HSONS EMP L YED ON FEDERAL iVonK AND
AND PAYME NTS TO RE c 1P1 ENTS o ,, P u BLLC A ss , w r AN E, BY PROG RAM A-

C

'1S'l'RTI("l' I ON PROJEC'l'>i

Co ntinued

CO"l'Tl '\'E~TAL lJN JTEO ~TATER
l ONT U LY, J ANUAHY I 93:~- .I L NE 194J

1

1---

[I II thow.nnrl s]
F'l?<IC'~:__or k program ear nings and puymcots to rl'cipien ts of public ass1stancc- C'ontinue~- - -

:-. pecia l typt'S of p ublic

ass is tan cr

1

General rPliP f ;

Feder al Emcrg(•11c·y RL•licf Adminis-

tralion s prcial P_ro_~_r_a _m_s_ _ _ ,

_ _ _ __ _ _

li.:arnin gs

Farm

on regu-

~{~~/~~

t~ra l coa-

lar F e cl1

Old-age
assis-

tance

A id to
d epe nde nt c hil d ren

$26. 071

$40. 50•1

R e lief
Aid t o - - - -- - - the
EmerPoo r
b lind
gency
To tal
re li e f
relief
$75 , 7,\2 $16, 379

$5,839

- - - -- - - --

---- ---

No n•
relir f

Tran-

Enwr-

Sil'llt K Nlt('~~~~~n

Co llege
St~?~Dt

Horal

r{~~r~~l~

ist ra tion
gran ts M

$3
---- -$5,-307- - -$443
- -- - -- - -- - - - - - - - - -

$742, 373

st ru ct ion

Yrnr aad month

project~ N

$1:J,1, 830

1\):tt

tntA.1.

10,9 10
326
January .
Ill. 090
F'l'l1ruary.
328
II, 670
420
~ f nreh.
12,f>O0
.\ p r,I
335
14, 8 10
~ l ay .
335
I.>, 770
.l tlll('
322
13,990
339
Jul y .
12,260
3 14
Au g us t.
12,000
Sept em ber.
322
8. 810
435
4
Octobe r .
6, 755
67 1
64
ovcmhcr.
,\, 0i5
I , 67,t
I, 160
3i5
Decem ber .
:J.
---- --- ---- ------- --- ---- -7, 77 5
12, ,oo
.I() , 1>86
23, 963 I, IJ9, 201 $-57, 451 33, l!i0
$7,344
1934- t o tal.
i, 073 I. 143, lfi4
32, 244
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 19
3, 62
·18, 3,1:J
46,54 1
I, 679
1, IG9
Janua ry.
,1,13
I, 812
:l, :l~9
2,342
:lll
3, 11 3
50,2 19
I, 519
Fehruo.ry.
I. 829
48, 390
1.7:JG
3, 36 1
5 16
2, 33 1
837
2,8 11
6 1, 02.1
I, 921
~l a rch .
59. 104
2, 266
I, 6i5
5 14
2,373
3. 41 3
4, i 0
9 1,940
9,914
I, 332
950
2
April.
2,026
6, 152
2, :J98
2, 371
3, 353
5'13
5,339
2, 132
71
948
l ay .
99,830
6, 112
2,494
600
97. 698
530
2,426
3. 3 5
2 7
2, 444
I, 183
5, 192
I, 89 1
93, "44
6, 0!i0
403
June.
95, 435
3,353
59 1
2, 4i4
70
5, 062
99,41 7
I, 848
97, 569
5,93 1
2,68 1
384
Ju ly .
637
2,553
3,381
5. 432
I II , 519
2. oo:i
109,5 16
i, 030
53 1
725
Aug us t .
3,40 1
618
3,037
2,672
90,
547
.I, 59 1
5,238
105, 411
I, 9Y~
l03, 11 3
49 1
Septe mbe r .
3,058
62 '
2,750
3, 35i
5,32 1
11 5. 7
2, 14b
JJ:J, C.40
I, 102
I. 268
926
Octohc r .
3, 409
6. 238
:J. 57fi
2,919
662
I, QI.I
I, 340
5,209
128, 37G
2,093
126, 283
3, 722
I, 594
November.
7. 1104
3, 114
3. 4 13
639
I, 268
I , 277
4, 593
135, sr1 1
2, 2r.2
1:33, 589
fi, 9:J
I, 729
Dece mhe r .
·I, 0,19
3,47 1
G52
3,9 19
- - - - - - - - - - - -- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -- - - - - - - - - 7, 137
49, :102
$2, 541
62. 25·1 1935- total.
18,545
41, 727
i, 9i0 I, 3 0, 9fi9 30, i2J; I, 350, 233 S2, 223 40, 012
64,966
- - - - - - -- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - I, 34G
3, 97
2,448
148, 43 1
7, 20,5
2, 271
I. 104
January.
3,•117
150, S79
655
4. 304
4. 406
135,660
I. 347
3. 12
Februar y .
138, 128
2, 46~
6. 036
2, 178
3. 069
3, 397
6:JU
3. 22
4,620
I,
378
3,840
17
2,
587
2,344
i,
033
Marc h .
139,9
137,
330
5,26
1
4,029
3,422
638
4, 738
4,477
I, 3 5
11, 146
April.
I ~5. 852
2, 550
133. :302
.\, 296
:J, 84
2, 284
4,920
3,472
659
I, 297
4, 839
IO, 4.\0
.\ay.
3, i84
64 1
133. 098
2. 499
130. D99
6, 138
2, 235
5, 109
3,463
5, 10
3 4
, 932
119. 44 2
2, 377
117, 065
I, 548
Ju ne
5,306
3, 417
5,628
3. 4i6
65
4.
779
4,986
121,287
2,
-174
I
IS,
8
13
3,732
J.
322
July
.
68
1
5,
786
5,541
3. 468
5,269
I, 07
112. ,62
2, 482
110. :ixo
I, 564
Aug us t.
5,656
660
·I. ,524
3,775
3. 488
95,
479
92,
869
I,
024
562
5,825
Sep
t
em
be r .
669
10
2,
646
2,6
3,
184
5, 817
3. 472
6, 79 4
2, 6i2
95,01 7
794
78
Oct obe r.
3, 526
693
97, 6 9
2, 147
2, i55
6,002
6,
986
99
ovcmber.
78,605
2.
737
I,
092
i5.
868
I,
994
688
36
3. 559
683
6. 306
2,4 42
6,340
57, 721
2,822
December.
3,626
694
464
54,899
I, 309
293
6
6,539
--- - - - - · = I = · ~ - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - = = = - l39,
955 1936- l otal.
20,365
155, 241
49, 654 12,8 13
437, 135
I, 869
125
3. 748
3,
3.
3,
3.
3.
3.
3,
3.
3.
:i,
3,

2. 322
2. 313
2, 249
2, 207
2, 175
2, 159
2. 131
2, 107
2. 098
2,073
2,098
2, 139

-

6i0
431
4 7
406
406
322
252
2'1
203
293
297
366

-- ------- - -

i, 019
7, 713
8, 273
9, 247
9,902
10,609
13, 08
14 ,947
16,288
IS, 004
19,363
20, 788

3,533

3,

884
979
I. 0 19
I, 024
1, 045
I, 070
I, 082
I, 102
I, 122
I, 14•1
I, 163
I, 179

no

3,807
3. 951
4, 0IU
4, 2:JS
4, 271
4,034
4, 233
4,401
4, 588
4, I

I, 049
I, 031
1,011
I, 098
I. 128
I, 14 2
I, 318
I. 52 1
I, 604
I, 904
I. 99

59,6 15
&I. 438
77. 442
70, :!09
6 . 037
63, 359
5i, 719
59, 3i2
56, 59
62, .\3 1
67, 9i l
.\ I, 361

493
474
479
496
479
4 0
500
478
•li9
.10 1
483
497

,\8, ,166
63, 40i
76, 4:J I
n9. 2 11
66. 909
li2, 217
.\6, 40 1
.17, 851
54, 994
60, f,27
66, 072
49. 6 7

·- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

47,921

324
193
182
198
163
142
11 4
92
131;
132
10,5

46 , ~.lj

44 , 555
40,070
3 4, 077

778
534
458
320
268
227
rn 1
178
18
!Si
190
229

39
15
14
II
12
12
10
6
2
2
I
l

2, 788
2, 59i
3. 1.\ 1
2,014
I , 3U7
945
56:l
895
I, 14~
I. 367
I, 411;
2, 174

33, 184
30,831
----- ---------29. 679
---------- - -------30, 057
---------- ---- --- --30, i22
3 1,n4
36, 347
HR
--= = I =----= = ---- ---·- 35, 894
3 10,442
70,45 1 16, 171
4fi4
406. 718
163
3
- - - - -- - - - - - -- - -- - -- i
l
2(IB
21, 64 4
4,941
96
- --- - 5, 4~4
1,217 1~ 8 8 9
·----22,535
I, 234
39, 200
128
I
40
_ ----3, 755
5. ,01
23, 602
I, 259
'9 7 '6
5. 3i8
128
I
27
- -----5, 5S:J
24,361
5,4 96
I, 26,
3S. 74,5
5,200
3, fi71
24, i53
5,060
I , 27!.I
30, 015
ZJ , 410
5, 740
I, ~I I
3. 2:in
2~. 226
25, i99
~J.I I
5. 094
2U, 0 15
1.329
I, 341;
26, 578
6, 125
I, 354
2!.I, 055
1,440
I.
19i
6. 303
30. 2i4
- ---------27,
6, 55,\
2~. S32
607
I, 396
:10. i29
------- ------- ---------I, 45,1
I,
779
29,626
I,
492
6, 5
33. 9' 1
·--- -- ---------- -- ------30,695
7, 167
2,276
I, 524
41 , 243
----- -------- -- --- -- ----- - ---- ------ --------

=

I

I

I

See foot n o t es at e nd o f tab l e .

I

5,651
5. 042
5,344
7, 216
i, 720
10, 973
15, 409
16,224
16. 306
18, 0Si
16,604
15, 37~

= = -2 14-, 7U9
-

-

13,635
12. 729
13, 1:34
15, 1;00
16, :164
,,. ,67
21, 14 5
21. 017
23. 191
21, 234
20,672
Ii, 471

Ja □ ua r y.

F e b ru a r y .
Marc h.
April.

!\lay.
June.
Jul y .
Au g us t .
Septembe r .
Oc t obe r .
Tovemher

Dece mbn .
1937- t ota l
Jan ua r~
Febru ary
l\ l nrrh
.\pri l
~I ay
June
J Ui) .
.\ Uf! Ut- t.

Sc p tl'mber.
Ortohl'r.
Non~rnh(' r.
11ecem oc r .

134

REPORT

TA BLE

XXI.

N PROGRE S OF T H E WPA PRO RAM

A ~10 NT OF EA H N l NGR OF P E:HSONS E~I PL OYEO ON
fi' 1mERA I, v \' oRK ANO CoNS'J'llUC'l' I ON PROJECT S
AND PAY A1EN 'r s TO H EClP l ENTS O~' P C:BL I C' A ss 1STANCE, BY PR or:HAA1 A
Continued
O N TINE N TAL UN !Tt-:: n RTATE 8
J\1 0 N TIILY, JANfTAHY

!9:j,;3

Jt' NE 1941

[ln I housands j

Fl deral wo rk program earn ings and payments to recipients or puhlic ass istance- Continued
1

Year and month
To t a l

B

Nat iona l Y uth Admini straWork Projects
C iv ili an Co ntion D
Admioistra- ,- - -- - - - - - - - - serva ti on
Co r ps E
tion c
Student wor k
Out-of-school

I

program

work program

Public W ork s Administration F

Other Pedera l
agency proj•

rcLs

Non-Federal
p roj c ts

l"eder a l
projects

mer·

gency fu nds

B

- -- - - · - - 1 - - -- - -- 1- - - -- -- 1 - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1 - - - -- - - -1- -- - - - - - - - - - 1 - - - - - -- 1
$3,236,383

$1. 750, 36

$19, 598

$41 ,560

$230,3 18

$97,355

$21,357

$67, 793

Ju ne

221, 157
23 1, 347
247,661
256, 146
263,620
272,707

93, 060
!03,092
I 19,693
131 , 419
137,91 6
146,06c

1, 996
2, 166
2,203
2, 255
2,406
J,550

2,552
2,688
2,739
2, 766
3,075
3,585

19,940
19, 461
18,336
I , 311
I , 014
17, 174

6,298
6,000
5,706
6, 24
7,965
, 60]

1,3 16
1,069
1, 0•11
I , 07
961
890

7,393
6,727
6, 720
, 576
12,030
14,493

Jul y
__ _
August ___ _
September __ _
October
_
NoYe mber_ __
Decembe r __

274,926
282, S20
284,587
295,396
302,239
304, 077

155,709
167,999
169, 659
I 76, 100
177. 229
172,892

6
21 I
I, 980
2, •10
2. 417

3,701
3,903
3,930
4. 028
4, 193
-1,400

19, 48
20,334
I , 767
20,367
20, 514
19. 252

, 019
", 220
, 326
9,070
JO. 664
I I, 662

706
757
2,597
2, 722
3,946
4, 274

7,211
I, l06
I , 17
93
726
695

22,707

51,538

230. 513

204, 122

38, 706

4,457

938- totaL

-------1--- - - - :- - -- - - - - - - - - ·--- ·---- -1----- - - - - - - - - - - - --

Januar y _

February
J\ Iarch
April
1' l ay

939

3,185, 156

Iota!

Jan u ary ___ ___

I, 565,224

·--------

1 - - - - - - - 1 - -- -- - - 1 - -- -- - - 1 -- - -- - - ' l -- -- - -- l- - - -- - •I- - - - -- -I
160,606
2,266
4,347
20,642
12, 7 I
4,031
543

____ _

297, 225
292,827
299,783
289,485
2 5, 561
277,054

Jul y
--- Au ~ust ____ _
Septe mber __
October
__ _
November___ _
Decrmber ___ _

251,923
246,402
225,295
236,706
239,864
2-13.031

122,112
111 , 593
93,050
101 ,9S6
105, 089
111,894

2. 723, 236

l, 269, 447

26, 86.J

65, 211

210, 846

0, 606

10,413

I, 585

2-14 269
2-1 : 395
253, 584
247. 737
239, 153
218, 714

109, 759
11 5,032
124,363
119,959
114 ,339
JOO, 419

2,852
3, 114
3,266
3,370
3,427
2,314

5, 816
6. 138
6,251
5,932
5,554
5, 70

19,426
19, 60 \
I 7, <li9
18, OSI
17,908

10,822

1,447

127
145
144
143
127

2ll, 840
213, 288
203,056
216, 141
209, 214
217,845

97, 0 6
97, 333
93, 507
101 , 789
93, 532
102,329

2

4
106
2,236
3,064
3, !09

3,407
4, 759
4,822
4,911
5,450
6,463

I , 137
19,022
16, 828
I~. 479
IS, 725
16,314

~:~~
4,586
3,602
3, OH
2, ~04

221, 979
215,023
216, 039
20 ' , 430
198,841
187,876

103,514
9-1, 080
97, 400
93, 689
88, 236
0, 746

2,776
3, 165
3, 283
3,352
3,385
2,592

7, 90l
9, 224

17, l lO
IS, 152
16, 178
15,073
14 , if'ifi
12, 90~

I, 604
I, 496
l. 15
I. 124
I. 014
881

F ebru a ry ____ _
Marc h
__ _
April
____ _
1'1ay
___ __

Ju ne

940-- totaL
January _

Februa r y
M a rch
April
M ay
Jun e

Jul y
Au gu st
S ptember
October
Novem ber
DPC'emher

941.
January
Februar y
l arcb
_
Apr il
---M ay _. ___ ___
Jun e __ ___ ___ _

154, 765
162,596
152,457
147,979
140,597

2,457
2,446
2,494
2,494
!, 935

4,4 72
4,451
4,31 8
4,286
3,993

20,689
I , 103
19,974
20,432
IS, 637

13,059
12,903
15,908
18,383
21,600

3, 283
3,276
4,094
4,206
4,216

53 1
466
484
512
492

2,561
4, 14 5
4,222
4,437
4,864
5,442

19, 317
19, 372
17, 097
19,308
19,321
17,621

19,867
20,683
20,054
IS, 126
16, 765
13,993

3,078
3,025
2,812
2,572
2, 279
1,834

?

5
306
2,390
2,952
2,962

(0)

- - -- - - 1- - - - - - - 1 -- - - -- - 1 - -- - -

s. 929

, 405
8, I l 5
7,992

15,872

9,477

1,2

, 100
S, 734
s. 903
8, 394

1, 155
l , 138
! , 000
6

9
1

m
644
540
509
367

249
2.19 1
20 1
213
204
17,5

2-18
240
270
206
177

165

162
70
93
l26
151
132
137
114
l03

g~
11 7

A Figu res exclude cos t or ad ministration and materials , eq uipment and other noolahor costs. Earnings reprr sPnt totals s hown (ID pay r olJ s ending
within the ca lendar month C' \'"Cept \vhcre otherwise s pecified. Ho urce: \ VP A, Di vi si0n of Statis tics, r,xcept whe re oth erwise specified .
n noes not include earnin gs on rcg:u lar Federal cons truction projects .
c I ncludes \\'PA projects operated hy other Federal agencies. Co rrected to Au g. 10.
o Source : National Youth Administration fo r months s ubsequent to June 19~9.
E Estimated on ba.sis of ave rage month ly e nrollment and average month ly benefits of $70 P<' r en roll<'<' ror months p rior to July 1939, of $67 for tbe
months Jul y- October 1939, and of $66.2/i for s ubseq uent months . Sou rce : Civilian Co ns,•n·a1 io n Corp~.
F Total earnings s hown on pay rolls ending during the month ending on th
15th of the s pecified month . ~ou r(·t•: t·. S . Drpartm<.·nt of Labor.
Burea u or Labor S t atistics.
0 Es timated m onth ly di s t ri bution of week ly pay roll figures .
11

Total C'arnin gs on othe r F'rderal agency projrcts financed from ERA acts shown on pa y roll s 1·odinc du r inl,{ 1lw nwn t h C'ndinJ.! on t lw 1.~t h of th e

specified m onth .

ource: U . R. Departme nt of Labor. nurea11 of Lahor ~tatis t1 rs

13.5

APPE ' DIX
A~1ot1

-r

o~'

F:AR1> 1:-. ,,-; OF P En;;o , s

AND P AY \\ E:-;'T,-; TO H Ec IPI ENT>i O F

P

E~1PLOYED ON PEDER ,L \\' oni- ''-1> C'O'>i-<TH\ <·T i o:-.
BL I C A ,;1-, 1sT , :-.CE, IIY P1w<:ll\ \l '
Conclt1d d

lln

thou sand s]

Federa l wo rk pro~ rarn ra rntn l! ' nnd pH~ 11 1ents LO recipie nt s of public assistance

Special types of publi c assistance

ch ildren

C'oncl uded

regu-1

l~arnio gs on
!ar F'c<leral constru ction proj-

1

Ge n era l reli e r '
Aid to depenrlent

P110JECTS

Fa rr 11
~ ec urit ~
Arlm ioistration

jects

Y ea r anrl

1110 11 th

~

j!rants"

.I id to the blind

'392,384

, 97, ·H 2

$ 18,958

$4i6, 203

$22, ,579

$2:i0, ,592

31, 186
3 1, 403
31, i82
32,072
32,319
32, 276

i. 35i
i , 572
7, 74
i, 0
i,886
7. 987

I. 451
1,489
I, 5 19
I, 527
1,555
I, 5 0

46, -104
47, 207
47,471
41 , 11 3
37,337
36, 74·,

2,204
2, 4i3
2, 577

Ja nua ry .
J?eh ruary .

2, 156
I, 756

15, 9i7
14, 3f.l
15,444
Ii, 800
20,019
21 , 660

32,826
32,9 15
33, 259
33, 625
33. 981
34,740

, U1 3
8,300
8, 389
8, 506
, 739
8. 939

I, 603
I, 6 19
I , 634
I , 643
I, 660
1,67,

35,999
36, 244
35, 401i
34,934
36,476
40, 65

1,29 1
I , I Ii
I , 23 1
I , 483
I. 703
2, 263

24, 084
2-1, 707
27, 694
24,902
23, 3.,8
20, .586

Jul y ,
Au g: u s t .

430. 4S0

114,949

20, 752

482,653

19. o.,5

3 10, 58;

35,006
3S, 120
35, 188
35, 299
35, 198
35, 797

9. 226
9,395
9, 498
9, 212
9,279
9, 5 5

I. 6b7
I. 704
I, 7 14
I, 719
I, 714
I, 729

43,699
45,025
46,650
41, 284
39,389
37, 189

2, 391
2, 327
2,492
2, 242
1, 689
I , 28•1

19, 0lil,
1; , 284
18,780
19, 98
22,665
27,639

Jaauary.
February .
J\l a r ch .
A p r il
lll ay .

36, 184
36,378
36, 5 11
36, 335
36, 626
36, 38

9, 630
9,663
9,712
9, 40
9,900
10,009

l, i2\i
1, ;39
I. 736
I, 744
I, 763
I , 77•1

36,329
38, 339
3~. 699
38,831
38, 434
38, 785

I, 212
56
867
I. 165
I, 702

2i, 279
30, r,;
33,020
31 , 997
32,092
30, .l~S

Jul y.
Au gu st .

474,999

133, 239

21, 82()

404, 946

18, 2.51

5 17, 3;1;

3 , 192
38,525
38,311
38. 4 3
38, 651
39. 189

IO, 3 5
lO, 513
lO, 721
IO, 9
lO, 892
IO, 982

l , 790
I, 783
I , 793
1. 800
I, 03
I, 22

41,645
40,502
39,196
36, 7
34, 405
3 1,44 7

2, oos
2. 293
2, 80,5

24, 99-1
24 , 31h
25. 508
30, 337

39,643
39,913
40,034
40,864
41,306
41, 8,1 '

11 ,090
II, 223
II, 328
II , 558
11 ,
II . 990

1,8 18
I, 832
I, 29
I, 46
I, 848
I, 62

32, 192
3 1,732
28, 547
29, 3;9
29,033
30,080

II
83 1
I, 037

12,298
13, 192
12, i66
12,866
12,856
12,806

1, 868
1,87 1
1,870
I, 883
I, 89 1
I, 91

,0, 544
28, 872
28, 75
26, 269
23, 272
20, 5 0

I, 455 1
I, 617
I, 953
I, 607
908
I, 532

I

2,32.,

•)

IO:is

IOlRI

M a rc h
April.
J\lay.

Jun e .

Septem ber.
Octohe r

Nove mber
Deccmhcr
1939- tot a l

Jun e

Septemher
Octobe r
Non•nther

n ecrm hcr.
19-10

total.

I

I

rn,

2. 500
2,
144
I, 516

I

53;
9-10

732

3-1 , 2i2

January .

Fchruary
lll a rch .
April
lll ay .

36, T,:,

Jun e

39, 440
43, 799
47. o:;s
56, 120
69,201
86, 0;4

Jul y
Au g u s t
Sep tcmhc r
Octohcr

Novemher
Deccmhe r

i=

.,,~
43,001 I
43, 440
43, 83
44,074
45, 659

103, 323
I 13, 790
111 , 136
I 16, 1.52
106, I 1.5
110, Ill:{

1941 :
Jan uar y .
F e hru a r y
M a rch .
April.
M ay
June

1 For Jan ua ry 1933 J anua ry 1936 represents payments from s tat rtnd loca l fund s only : fo r suhsC'quent mo11ths , from F'ellt• ral. s ta te, :rnd local runds
fo r p rograms adn11nis terec.l unde r state pla ns apJ1ro,·ed hy th e Socia l Security Boa rd a nd from sta tt.' a nd loca l fund s for prog ram s adminis lcred unde r
stot laws withou t Federol pa r ticipation . E, clud es cos t of in sulution al ca re. hos pila lirnti na a nd huria ls a nd, hee: in nin g Sep tember 19-40, cosl o fmed i•
csl care. Cor rected to Jul y 15. ourcc: Soeia l ~ t1 cur1ty Bnanl.
J Pa r tly estimated . Loca l poo r relief. fo r which sepa rate es tJm :-Hcs are s ho\\ n for 1933- 3:\, is ineiud ed in t ht> p,e nrral rel ie f totals fo r suhseq uenl months.
Excludes cost of hos pilnli1.ntion and burial , and, hr ginnm g ~C'p lemhr r 19-4 0. cos t of medica l t are C'n rn~cted to .lul r 2;i_ ~oll r<.'e ~\ pril 1937 to datC', ~ocia l
Secu r ity Boa rd .

K J' artl y es timated
rel ier admi nistrations.

OIJ llga u oo s incurred from F'edc-ral. ~late , nrnl loca l fu nd s fo r trans ient r1-•l1t•t L'\lt' rnl ('d to taSl'S

I, ~

stal P and loeHI t•ntr rge n cy

L Partly estimated fo r July - lJece mber 1935.

' 1 Net amoun t of cash grant pay-meats m ad e to md1vid u al~ fo r suhs is ten cc plus cos t tu Farm ~ l•(·urit~ \ dm m 1s trnt1nn of commodities nnd ~u rplu s
.M a r keting- Adm m islration stamps issued to indh·iduals. Source · Farm Security .\ d111ini stratl()t1

. ' 'l'otal ea rnings shown on pay ro lls rod in c: durin g the monthrnding o n the 1.11 h of th e s pC'e1fiC'd 111ont h . l nc-lud e~ earnin gs 0 11 H F' C' p r~)jet't s l'nrtly
estw rnted hr \\PPA fo r months p rio r to .J an ua ry 1936. So urce: J a nu a ry 193fi to <Intl', L~. S . De pArtrn ent o r La hor . Burea u of La bor Statis tics.

o Less than $.500.

432810 °

42-

10

] 36

REPORT ON P ROG R ESS OF 'l'H E WPA PRO(rnA M

XX II.

TABLE

:'\PMBER Of' P ERSONs E~1PLOYED ox F EDERAL ,Y oRK AXD Coxs-rRrr-r10:-. P ROJECTS AN D NU MB E R
O~' HEC I P JEN'l' f; OF P r B L I C A S!'\ I S'l'ANCE, BY STATE AND s , P ROC:HA~I '

Employment on Federal work programs and n •cI pu•1tt s of puhlir assistanr_c_ _ _ _

Employ-

Xational Youth

. . prcia1 lypl's of puh lic
assi stanc<·

.\ dministration

Work

~i~;~~i::~
,·ation

Projrcts

State

,\ <I minis-

I

tration

OthC'r Frd('ral

Corps " are_i:~;~s C
( pnployces)
rollees)

(pm-

ployees)

__ __
__ I, :J,,\, h36

3Mi, 303

A labama __ _

:12, 037

Ar kansas _______ _

2H. 7,i l

California ___ _

,16. "'i6i

:i, ,129
l,S42
1,377
19, 13,

16,939

3. 240

Ii, 921
I, 959
,, 909
25. 372
30,061

2. 776
45-l
I, 582
3, 451
11 , 9~,

3. 00~
1<81
I, 542
fi.
12,021

I, 1;50
25. 702
7, ~72

Iowa

li,444
95, :i l9
34, 06,
18, ,30

I, 345
24, 104
10. s;;G
6, 726

Kansas.

20. 2;,.,fl

fl, 179

Kentucky

2U. 141'

nited $tates
A rizona __ ______ _

Colorado _______ _
Connecticut_ _
De lawa re

District of C'olumhia
F lorida_
Oeor!(ia __ _
I daho
Illinois_
I ndia □ a

__ ___ _

L ouisiana

l\ Iainf
Maryland _
Massachusetts
Michigan
Minnesota _
Mississ ippi _
l\if isso uri

Montana _

,\ GO,

21-, , 36

-t. fi02
"'· 172

,17, 142

4b, b3i,

36,941
2c,, 483
51, b71
;,, 41:i

3b3. 935

--1-I I, 758
I, 77'1,

5, 793

2.
6,
2,
3,
10.

702
162
3.15
3,2
:is9

17. 6.5~
0, llb4

I

,,996
12, 3,0
3. 0,3

r,,.,

s. 770

7. ·121
10, 20,

3. 228
f,, 495
11 , lh2

11, 27

. 2.54

4,261

7. fih5

, 0bS

14. b7.J
1,602

2,601

-!, 3;,5
3\0

19-!, 742
4,626
9,392
4, ,61
2, 0,17
392

34

670
fi, 754

2, 0.11
l ,f.1 1
I, 9,8

fi07

136

17, 636 1

I, 2()0

23:l

2, 507

fi24

401
2.1,

3, 494
3,, 68;,,

0 2
4, 23,1

234
2, 536

140

,) ! , i-12

I, 749

l, :Ji6

3, O·lh
,, •109

7,410

30

9, 31'-

I, 463

146, f>3f>

62

fi7. 2:ifi

t4

56, %~
2, ..,,.1

.1, 79.)
,49
924

10, 4'-6
2, 01 I

739

121, 49fi
3,, 549
9, Zl4
137, R,l
76,469

33.20:l

2, ~45

2, fi02
11, h20
19, 5f,2

I, 91 I
219
3.9%
2. 153

21,059
lll3, 51i,
G, 976
17, 6,3
14,968

2. 061

33

95h
11, ii5

53

I 5

2.1~

45

3, 579
2,609

2,626
1

'T'ennessee

2\1, 44(1

II, 760
2

7, 762

50
150
230

780
H. 607

5. 3ii

5,476
.1, 870
5,694

1,684
5, 165
3,987

901

372

16,366
26, b50
30, 297
2, 242

6,029
6,047
10,847
RI!

7. 59
40, 021i
20, 147
15,963

3 1, 17•1
·I, 7.511

9,016

\Yest \ 'irgima
\ Vi sconsin
\Vyoming

56-1
456

46

3, 143
21,295
I, i l
6,442
2,657

\Yashington

30,901
11, 30S
I, 202
25, 16
4, 22,

17
330

2,954
2-1 , 239
I, 765
5,652
5, 129

17, 37F-

218
455
368
482
I, 594

71~

I IO
5";'b

8. OIS

Virginia __

199,949
4,435
2,556

,, 965
6,261
2,307

56

,;, 9,,;

583

14,

0

6

;~f 1-

999

fl, 852

9,096
93. Oil,
6, 03&
2cl, 801
9. ,f\.l

r1b~ I

221

:w~

fi. HY-I

Oregon
Pennsylvania
Rhod e Island
outh Caro lina _
South Dakota

2,662

i59

3, 579
2,014
i , 246
38,0 16
4, 705

12, 4fi-l

9.

071

1. 175

2\1, 024
2, 3 li

392

'2

6
31
21
27

5,000
12, 2H
6.h%
7, 2-111
36, 732

40, 15-l
1:{j,.,, 077

9, ,5,,

O:l. 360
l. 305
3, 760
1, 522

14, 343
r

90

IO,0H

F

451
I
13

~. 241

I, 232
25, 376
41,392
2, 6
5,301

I. 239

J:J. 9:l,
2. r..i3

2.H~ I

445
653
178
146
497

5, 763
426
600
B 26, ,\39

11 :t 7,7

I, hb3

I, 410

113,900
23, 490
,~. 7,19
12, I, 6

32, 29
23,303

21, 4.5\1

I, 511

159
I, 241

j

10

1,24-1
975
I, 071
F 3, 200
2611

~h. 760
fil, 11;,,i
26. G21

2

,343
5, 8R0

11,339
2, 64
12, 261
13,684
13, 0-18

B

1.,127
I , 402

16,306
2,005
2, i
63, 23 1
4. R63

l. 0,1

24
19
Ill
52

270

2. 3fi9

430

4, 3 13

6, !119
;, 403

, 742
9,5 1
2. Oi!i

71,303

I, 260

E

:r ~~~

4,447

3, ·163
G 33, 340
H 10,013

7, 4il
Fl, 33
692
F ,>, 008
780 I

15. ,'-112

"· 0,11

i~ I

~: i~~ I

40-!
I, 142

E37,606

----:----

5,, 806
36,099
126

IO, ,09
2, ,101
23,440
i,
l

~. -l2j

"· 1132
3, l',5
Ii, fi!0

:!, SR2

-12, 701
5,596
4, 334
19,399

73, "' 50

I

F

I, 5-15
6, ,131
12, fi,4

1111, 9!Y
30,302
9,911'
80,670
n109

Vermont_

____ - - - - - - - -

7-!.0:J2 D934,000

7. 290

New York
North Carolina
'orth Dakota
Ohio
Oklahoma

Te,as
l'tah

:l91, 195

irn1s)

tion

p(~j~~ts

,-oucbe rs) plorees)

<r1 •e1 p-

6, 3R2

2,022

I ,: 0
lb,SS3
2, 23,
I, 03b
~. 399

chlidrpn

42. S.5 1

10,066

:m ,5-1

(recip-

16,I

42, 471

II, 201
I, 583

Aid

210

7, 5fti

A dminis-

;,;~;:r
tode- Air! to the (~~:Ii
t;;~~~
ance I pendent th1• hlrnd
(grant

2,471
fi,462
15, S6-l

JCrsev

NC'\Y

,enera l

8 fi3
26,046
156,329

151

HI
:l, 330
fi. fi 4

:C~:l~r c~~~i:t~~-

-

9,3-!, 2,166,132

,;, 369
215
s60
9,834

New l\ Iexfco

meat on
regular

--- ---- - - - - - -1---,. 1,.-,
6
20, 0,6
o, 801
6l.l

20. I 76

:0-32

- -O

,ent s)_ ~am ilre~I

Nebraska
Ne,·ada
Nrw Ilamps hi re.

I. 231
4,S20

l

6,523
4,451
15, 966
22, 9 7
2,251

i4,1

19, 79
3,004

F 4,

21"

I I,
J

-17, H~O
K

11, .1 14
6, 5;,,(

465
13,656
84
,01
281

123, 0;1
F 5,620
2,261
:J, 12f\

645

Fi: Egg

I,

21. 355
8,218
20, 059
29, 35.1

8

63

85

4

692
1,097

J, i2i

122

23 86
30'. 6

3, 444
229

14, •) 4
fi, i75
20.1\SO

4,024
fil3
4,342

lh3
15b
I, 02.1

4, 1,55
I, 599

5,352

135

,17. 072
19, ?:i
54, 01,

5,309
9,360
12, 4;,1

l,lHI
h62
1,%3

9,605
12,572
2·1, 106

3, !'i 23

772

IM)

870

402
89
769
263

34

2, :ill

465
49, 822
25,121

,; , 99,;
3, 744
1, S7n

' See notes on Tahh• XX
a Av erage en rollment <luring th l' month h y s tall· from\\ h1cb t.' nrolled .
c Ioelud('s cm ploynw nt on projt1cts finaoc-ed rrom P"' \ funds a nd on otlwr Federal agt.•nc.-y projec:t t-i financed from ER 1\ acts.
n Partly es timate d . Does not represent total of s tate data; cases recei,~ia g nwdical eart•, hospi tali zatio n, n1Hl 1(1r burial only exc lu ded .
E In clud1•s l'.stimates for two states for which data an• not av·aila.hlr .
F

Estimatrd .

County indigent aid oaly. It is estimated that, in addition, 2.1-..~00 cases we r aided hy the state· n:li rf acln11nistrat1on .
Ia cludrs unknown number of cases rl'Ceivin g medical ca re, hospitalization, no<l /or huri ul only
1 Sta l l' program o nly; does not includ e program adminis tere d by loca l officials .
J In clud es casrs rerei\·ing medical care on ly; numher lwlic>Yl'd hy .s tat<.• agency to be m~ignifkant.
K Rrpresl'n ts 4,"'03 rasrs aidt>d uad r program administer d h:r stat,· hoard of puhlic· welfare. and ti,711 l '~f~ u1ded II) county commissionns·
amoun t of duplication bclirn~d t o lw large.
G

H

1

137

APPEND I X

TABL E XX TTl . - .\ ~1ol'NT OF' E .\H :-- 1:--a,; OF' P En;.;oN,; E~11 •1,0Yis 1J ON F EDEHAL \\· 0 1tK •\ND Co RT HP<" 110 :-. PROJECTS
.\ ND P A\ ~18 NT;.. TO R is 11 ' 1 F,:\'Ti-i OF' Pt' Bt.l(' . \ >SS l >ST \ 'I 8, R Y STATE AND BY P ROGRAM •
J UNE

1941

[ I n thou sa nds]

F'edcral \\Ork progra111 {'H r ni ng:s a nd payment s 10 recipients or puhl1c• assistance

I

National Ynuth
.\ tlmini strntion

\\' ork
Project s - _\. dmi □ is- Kt ud ent
wo rk
_ _ 1 trntion

tate

T ota l B

prog ram

~~~ I-

Out-Of·
sc·hool
work

C'o~ser,·ation

I Other 1I

\orns

~t;~~':1
rif'sr

program

Special types of puhlie
assi~lnnr<·

---Old-age .:\td to

assist- dependent
r hildren
anre

\lfl to
the

Farm
~ccu rit y
\d mmistration

neoeral
relief

ll

Con necticut __
Delaware _ ______ _
Dist rict of Colu mbia __ _
F lorida
Oeor~ia
Idaho
Olinois
Inrlia na
fowa

Kan sas
Kentucky
Lou isia na
l\faine
:-ifflryland
.\[ Assnchu se tts

3, 2hl,
I, 209
2,405
12, 954
l 2:l9

0, 746

13
9
187
24

33
11 5
318
70

479
129

20
3
I
25
71

71
16
29

2, 907

676
I , 547
I . 491

Ill
232

bib

3 2

14

13,271
4. 436
2. ,ii

5. fi.19
I, 858
1,01 8
I, 092

1,384

22S
98X

2, 62.3

2.n,

2, 6M
3. 2.14
992
I, 44 2
•7 4

~lissouri
J). l onta na
N'ehraska
Nevada
New H ampshi re

Rh ode Is la nd
Sou th C'nroliaa
South Dako ta

20. 766
2, 743
I, 031
10,227
•]. 0,59
1, 456
14 ,670
796
2. 659
I, 221

2, 191
256
23 1

2511

200
5,909
I. .13,

351
19

( H)

35
17

6
224

19
2,454

,323

14
13
4

274
179

4
14

225
53

51 I

212
3,397

227

-IAli'
17fi

2
184
6

1, 24 5

43
25

130
114

10,
13t

2

I, 190
560

1.4
2

5-1
4, 162

123
243

2,966

136

265

6

2, 103
I , 24 5
2,907
598

61
30
57
16

175
144

275

294
459
496

33

JOO

I. 152
83

36

I
7

907

125
18

67

248
32

IS

94

1-

43
2!\
140

r,o

780
207
42
492
164

2:J

62

15
14

468
38
120
.52

307

34
29

I

52b

HS
153
397
!\97

64
780
17
237

1n

54

\ \ ·ashlll'!lOll

3,8 15
2,559
4,643
325

I. 290
I, 3~9
I. 929
139

49

120

112

41
76

127
136
17

342
264

6

106
429
28
17
190

1
10
5

514

517
4 3
261
320
2,518
1,521
I. 3-19
233

2, ().IQ

G Ii

429

22
24

61
199
710

7
69

32

ol;~ I

24
6
3

14 7
146

132

5,574
8,839
2"26
582
l, 187
3,389
978

3, 244

6b

30

6-16

20

321
21
41 5

26

477
3

49

429

10

265
45

32
30

I, 699
3,511

61

23

39,,

2
3

1, 2.17
5,997

G

9
84

7k

6

15
1

152

667

331

8

(ll)

5,900

(B)

7

o 9fi
,- 582

9-11

290
2ifi

~?

53

17
4

12

10

J.'>-1
3
(" )
91
3

3,003
3o2
161
3, 21
L, 37i

I. 52'J
166

73
29

7,241
29

7
23

78
465
29~

4
0
35

33

9

I. 423
10-1

782

14
43

3,835
414

4

451
2,323
14 2
140

84

11

108

2,:1:l9

408

2,378

9
12

60
70

2

G 13h
19

I , 100
6, 275
3, 24 [1

41
21

2, 1r,:i

44

19

0 15

7

3

93

5
3

131

8
1

3, :JG:,
3, 5,:1
31H

14
4
329
( II )

286

41
267
"l
168

14

37
II
356

2fi

381

Estimated .
" Less thaa $500.
t State p rog ram only; does nnt 1ncludt.\ proc, ra lll adrn ini s tered h~ lo ca l ullicin ls

1, 329

869

4

97
201

20
87
192

I. 52
2h7
l, 22

231

84

2!i

15~

8
5

I

50

;3

27
53

36
16
47
4

11 9
472

15 1
I

51fi

4, 59

Ill

5:1

7

7, 311~

10
5
32

4, 26~
gr,~
369
2 13

14

c Includes c~r oin gs on projects finan eel from P \VA fund s and on oth er ~--edernl agency projects financ('d from ERA acts.
0 Partly estunated. Does not represen t total of s tate data ; to t a l paymcn, ._ for rnC'dicnl rrirc. hos pitnli za l ion, a nd huriab t:\t lu dcd
E County indi~ent aict only . It is r s timatcci th at, in additio n. nn~~ment s to cnst~s nided hy the s tate reliPf a dmini ~trntio11 111rrtlf'd $733,000.
F Incl ud es total r>a .p nents fo r 111C'dical ca re. hospita lization, an d bu rial.:;;.
0

2, 194
l, 738

14
28

161
3
26

9 6

Seo notes oa Tab le XX 1.
Do s not inclu de ea rnin gs o n reg ular Fed eral construrt,oo projects.

29

497

40b
2,565

2.,

49
37

254

62

17
155
21.')

789

11
129
22
7

2
7

173
495
67
192

lll,349
fi'!S

I, 772
274

(II)

44

92

~720
'142
19
51
60
38

33

13

If,

223

495
431

2, 2i
7,679
I. 344
352 1
I, 75 1

A

65fi
26
17
.6
29

27
JI

Tennessee
Texas
Utah
Ye rmoot
\"i rJ:!i nia

B

21
46

22 1

I, 396
3,379
538

\Yest V irei nia
\Visconsin
\Y yoming

$ 11(1, 103

fi
11
10

18-l

443

50 1
38•1
56
61
171

169

$1,532

7

159

640
,\ 790
3 I
I, 661
570

"$20,580

487
29
90

181

526
4, 548
2
43
I.

$1,894

!\2

10

24

Sew York

$ 12,,06

28

26

43
20
21
69

7, 1-1-1
I, 44 6

~ ew ~\ l"e\iro __

26

38

I, 390

299
2,646
619

$1, 17:! $45,fi59
12
3

I , 493
32 1

~Tew Jersey_

Oregon

$7,992 $12,9112

439
1,329
4, 284
I, 150

;\Ii ~issippi

Pennsylvania

$2. .592

----1---- --221
31
1, 535

;\lichigan
:\I inneso ta

~ro rth Carolina __ _
No r th n nkota __
___________ __ __
Ohio
Oklahoma ________________ _

projects

l!rnnts

--1--

$!Si . H76

1-----

Alabama
Ari zona _
Arkansas
Cnlifornia
Colorado

eral C'o n-

s tructio n

hlin<I

-

rm1ect Slates _

Earnmgs
on rrgu
Jar f'ed-

INDEX

INDEX
A c·r<'~si o11,-. (, l \\' I' .\ proj ect s. -1 2 ·13.
,·sical . 3- 5, fi·I 8 1.
.\ ct'omplish 11 1t•11 h , ph _
· a l io na l cl dC' nsc proj ect s. 20- 27.
.\ dmini,-.(rati n ' c•m p loyces, 1-1 . 59.
.\ cl m in ist r at ivc <'X JJl' nSC',.., I 0, 12. !j.5, 5(i . ."\7 . :,t- t\O .
Ad ult r d11 c:iti o 11 p r og ram . voca ti o11nl trn i11i11g 11 11,lt-r,
35- 36.
S e1· a lso 1-: <11 1c·nl io 11al ,-.<•n ·ice,-. .
C o unci l o f I\ a t io 11al
Arl, iso r.,· ( 'o rn 111i,-.,-. io 11 t u th
Ddcn,-;(' , 29 . 33 .
Age of \\' I' A \\' Ur kc•r,-;, 6. FJ2- 54.
i\ g('(l , a id l o th e. 7. 83 . 88 9.
Agr icu l l u rl' , l ) r pa r t m Pnl o f :
J\ ll ocfltio 11 o f \\'J> A fund s lo h11 r(':111 ,-; nf . 12 . ,-c,r,,
J\ppropria t io n of BRA net fu11d ,-; fo r di,-.1ri l rn t io n
of ~urpl us comrn odit ie:-. 10.
Em pi n , m Pnt 011 \\' PA p ro j Pcl,-. o p<·rat ed h ., h11n•,111,-.
of . -1 4.
,Su also i ndi\'idual hurPau,: of.
A ir p ort an d a ir\\'ay p ro j ec t ,: :
.\ cco nlpii,-.h nH' nl s o n , 3. ·I . 24- 25, 68.
E m p lo~·m enl on. 3, 19 . .j (l_
E x pendi t u r es on . 28, 62 . (i3.
Spo 11:-ors' part ici p ati o n i n . (i 3.
A irpor ( spr vicc•1nc•n t r a ini ng p r ojr cl . 33.
A liens, sla l11l o r y p r ov i:-io ns con ce rni ng , 12.
A ll uca( io n of \\' P A fund s, 55- 56.
A ppropri a t io ns, I , 7. 9. 55.
8 cc a lso Emergc- n cy R el id A pprnpr i:1 ( io n .\ c ( ,
fi scal year I 94 1 ; E m er gen c.,· H !'li d .\ p p rn pri at io n A c( , fi sca l y ear 1942 ; i11d i ,·id u al :1 g<·11t'i<•,-.
r ts p r og ram , 27 , 47. 62, 1.
Assig nm r nt ~ ( o \\' PA pro j PCL. num lw r nf . -1 2- 4:3 .
Bl i nd , ai d ( o th e, 7. 83. 9, 90.
Bl in d per so ns, p r o, is io n,-. i n E H A At't . fi ,-.rn I n ·:1 r I !l·12,
concernin g , 13.
B o,-. t o n , Jl, l assa chu ,-;pl h . <·x (p11 ,-;io n of ,-. 1il l\\:1 ., . (\ti.
Hri dgc-s, ,·iaduc t s. and cuh r rt s, 4 , fi 7.
a nn i ng proj ecL , 7 - 79 .
C'l'rtifi ca( ion of w o r k l'r ,-. fo r \\' P A ,•n 1pl ny n 11•111 . 13, -10.
C hil d ren . a id t o d epl'n d ent , 7. 83 . 89 !10 .
Ci ,·il J\ pro11 au( ics ,\ d 111 ini strati ,H1 . 17. ::!3.
C' i,·il \\' or k s p rol-( ram . 3, 85.
C i,·i l ian C'n 1w' r \'a ti o n Corps. 6. 29 . 1-3. !-i(i . 88.
'oas( C11a rd , L'. f-\ .. 20.
,. p rn ,·isio 11 ::.; co n ce rni ng , 13.
Co n1m1 1n ist s. statu to r _
,· s<'r"i cr p r oj r ct s. 4 . 19. 20 . 2() 27. 2 , 44 ,
C' ommu n it _
•Iii 47, {)2, 63 , 69-- 72, 73- 74. 7.5 , 77- 7!). 80- 8 1.
ol.w, Art s prou;ran I ; Ed11 ca l io n :i l ,r n ·icp,-; ;
,',,1
1'11bl ic lwR lt h p r oj ec t ,: ; Ti r en•a 1iu nal ,-.r n ·icps;
\ \' c•lf:1n· proj ect ~; c- tc.

l'o111pc nsa(i o 11 . cli , a h i li t_,. :w d dc-a t h , l •I.
l'o n,-.r n ·at io n p ro j l'C' I ,..:
.\ ccompli sh m en t s on . 79 80.
n 1 w n t 0 11, 3. 19, .l(j _
Emp lo_
l~x pc•nd i tur<',-. 011, fi 2 .
l 'o ns(ru cti o n p roj< ·c(s, 19, •I ➔ . •1.''i , -lli , 62.
, ·pt•s of proj ect s.
8 ec al so indi,·idu a l t _
Cost s. (8 cc l•; x pr ndit1 1r,•,-;.)
C r ippled C h i l d rc- n 's I l o 111 r. 74.
, ·m <·11 t. rl'gisl<'r . :30 31.
Ddcnsc indu st r ies c· 111 p lo_
l)cfp 11se p ro j eC'l s. (Src N al io na l d cfcnRL' prnjrct. .)
D r fi cie11 cy appr opri a ti o ns, 7, 0, 10 , 55.
D r pe ll(lent chi ldrr 11, ai d l o, 7, 8 3, 58- 00.
E a rnin g o f p r ojec ( \\'or kers :
Amo u11( of , 4!l , 85, 87.
Exemptio ns f ro m , c lwrl ulr, 12, 19.
~ched ule of, 1, 12, .J 7 .J 9.
E dn ca t ion , l ' n i ted f-;t a t Ps ()fli er of , 2!l, 30, 33.
E d 11 cati o 11al sr n ·i ces, 4, 2(-i 27, 28, -1 6, t:i2, 70--72.
n 11e11 t p ro,·isi o n , I :3, -1 2.
E ight een -rn o nt h r 111 p lo_
E l i idhi l it y rrq 11irp111e11t s fo r em pl o.,·m (' n( o n \\' P .\ p r ojec t s, 12- 13, 40.
E 111 rgr n cy R r l ief Appropri:iti o n Act. of J!l35 , 9, LO, 12.
Emngpn c_,. R r l ief A p p rup ri a t.i o n A c t of 1936, 9, I 0, I •J
E rn er gr nc_y R eli ef A ppr o p ri n t.io n Ac t n f I !l37, !J , I 0, 11,
12, 13.
Emergenc y R elief .\ pprnp r ia ti on .\ c t nf l \l:3 8, fl, 10 , I l ,
13.
E m Pr gp ncy R el ief A pprup ri a ( io n .\ c t of I !l39, I 0 , l 1 ,
12, 13, 35, 47 .
l~111eqa(r11cy R eli ef A pprnpri :11it1n .\ c( , fi sc·:d .H ' M I \1 4 l ,
9 , 11 , 13, 1.5- 16, 19, -1 2, .5fl. fi2.
B a la ncC's, u no hli ga t r rl , re:1.ppropri a t Pcl u nder , 7, 55.
Fund s appr .. pri a t Pcl , 7, t,.5.
Fun d s tr:1.11:s fer rC'd fr om \\' P A t o o th er Federal
agp11 cies, I I , ,55, 56.
EmN l-( <' II C_I' Re l ief i\ppro p r iat.io n A ct, fi sca l year 1942 :
E 11 1plo\' 111 c• 11t pro , isio nf., 9, 13, 17.
E , p11 1pt io ns f ro11 1 prn ,·isio 11s nf , I I , 12,
P1111d s a] loc::i.trcl ( o o ( he r F ed eral :1 gc 11('ie , 10,
11 12.
F'11 nd s app ro p r ia (l'cl , I , 9.
O t hrr prm ·isio 11 ~ of , l ;J 14.
Pro j ec t s apprOH' d u nder, 10.
lle~t ri c t ion s on II ~r o f fun d s, 10 I I.
St a 111(rn·~· l i m it a t io 1rn on acl m i 11 is(rati ,·e e:-.pr nd it 11res, I 0.
Sta l ut o r y l i n 1i t a t io 11 ~ 0 11 11o nl a l ,or (' ' Pl' JHl itu rc;;,
11 , f\O.
, p ro,·isio 11s for spo nsor s' cont r ii>11tit111 ' ,
St.a t11( o r _
l l , 60.
14 1

142

f KDEX

EmNgC'ncy R e li e f ,\ pp rop riati on Ad , C' !C' .· C'o11(i 1111 cd.
:-itat11t o ry pn lv is ion o n e 111p lo_v 11 w11t of Co11111 u111 is ts, Na1.i Bunrl membC'rs, e t e., t:t
E nq Jlo:- m(•nt :
Of a lmi ni Rtrati,·C' pcrs onnt·l, .5fl.
B) ag(• of II o r krrn, ,52 ,5 4.
Ass ign m e nt s to \\' PA project s, 111 ,ml,('I" of, 42 -13.
Average m o nthl y , 5, :37, S(i.
Contemp lated fo r fi sc al _1 e:1r lfl+2. I , \1 .
011 F e drra l wo rk proµ; ra111s, 7, ~3. S4.
Fi scal yrarn, l , 5 , :37 , -rn, S6.
H ou rs of work , 48 49.
In .Jun r 1941 , 3, 47.
On nati o n a l dcfe n RC' projrC'l s, 5, 18- 20, ->-5, 86.
P C' rc C' ntagC' of red ucti o n, I , 3 7 , .JO.
Of p r rson s c rtifi C'd as in need o f relief, -1-0.
P o liciC's and procrdmC's:
Ass ignment, 12- 13.
CNtification and refc- rra l, l , 13.
E ightrcn-month provis ion. J :3, -1-2, -1-3 .
Eligihi lity, 12 13, 40.
Pri vatr, i11crrasc in, 6 , 38 39 .
R e lation to un c- mpl oy rne nt , .5 6 , 37 -1-0 .
S r para ti o ns from \\ . PA proj l'c t s, 1111 ,nhrr f, 6,
-1-0--.J.2.
B y s izC' o f conun11nit .1 , -io.
T o t a l nu1111Je r of d iffcrr11t 11·o r ke rR 111ee I, ·µ; in nin g
o f WP A program, 6, 42 4 3.
Trr n d o f, 5- 6, 37, 86.
Tm nove r, 6, 40- 43.
B y ty p es o f projects, 19, H --17.
011 1·ocational tra i11in µ; ]JruJccts, 3, 20 , 2\1, 32.
B y waµ;e c lasses, -lfl 5 1.
Of women, 51.
On \YPA pro jrcls o p r ratrd hy o t h r r F r deral
agrnrirs, 5, 18, 43- -l-L
Ento m o logy and Plant Quarantin , Bureau of, 44, 56
Eq uiprn rnt, rr ntal o f, 13, 60, 61.
Expend itures:
AdministratiYe , 7 , 10, 56, 57 , .58- 60 .
L ab r cos t s, 7 , 55, 6 1.
l\ l o nlhl :-· , 5 .
011 natio11al ldr 11se pro jPct s, 2, 7, 15, 27 28 , 62.
Ko11 laho r cu:;t,; , 2, 7 , 15, 55, fi0, (il.
Objects o f, 6 1.
Pro p e rty damage clai111 ,, X, 56.
'ponsn rs', 8, 2 7 , 60- 63 .
Tr ncl o f, 57- .5 8.
By t y p es o f pro j ec t s , lil - 63 .
On WPA pro jr-ct:-, opc•rated by o th e r F rde ra l
age n cies, 7, 27, 56, 57 .
Year end in g .J un p 30 , 19-ll , 7 , 5(i, 60 .
Farm Sec urity Admini st ration , , 11h, is tC'11 ce grant pruµ;ra 111 o f, 7 , 83, 91.
F a rn, -t o-mark ct and oth e r access road s, \\"PA work 11n,
-1, 19, 65- 66.
Fecl e rnl age n cies:
All ocation of WPA fund s to , 10, l l - 12 , 55, .'ili.
Em pl oyment o n \YP A proj ec t s opl' rated by, 5, l ,
43- 44 .
Expe nclit.ures o f WPA fund :-,, 7 , 27, .jfi- .5 7 .

FrdC' ral Co mmuni cati o n s 'om mi ss ion, J 7 .
F<•d ern l l•: m c rµ;c n cy Helid Acln1ini s tratiu11 ,, 3, 90.
f<'pd c- ral :-iurpl us i\l a r keti 11g Admini st ml i1>1 1, 7\l.
F rde ral wor k p rogram :- and publi c ass is ta nce, 6- 7 ,
83 91.
F <· cl r ra l \Yo r h Agency, I , 55.
J<'o r r, t Se r v ice, '1°1, 56.
Funds:
All ocatiu11 o f 1\'PA fun cb, .j5 Mi.
AppruJ ri ated und e r th e EHA Act, fi scal year 1941,

7, .-5 _
Appro pri ated unde r t h e ERA A ct, fi ,cal yNtr 1942 ,
l , 9.
See also Approp ri ations, E xpendi t ures.
C: · nera l Ac co unt in g Office·, fund s f,) r , 10 .
G e ne ral rc·licf , 7 .
K u 1n her of fam ilies and s inµ;k prrso ns rece i,·ing.
90- 9]
P ay 11, c nt ::: to rec ipients o f. 85, S(i, 91.
Program , 83, 90- 91.
Grant s to n edy fa rin famil i(,,, 7 , 83, 91.
G rec Icy, Co lorad o, r eser voi r pruj ,•c t , 76 .
H iµ;h wa:-·, road, an d st. rer t proj ec ts:
A cco mpli s h rn ents o n , -1 , 2.5, 64- 67 .
1<.: mpl oy rn e n t o n , 3, 19, -15 .
l•:x p e nditu res on , 2 , 62.
Of import.anCC' for nat io 11al dde11 se, 3 , 19 . 25.
H os pital bu ildin g proj rct.:s, 2 1 22, 7.J .
Hour:-- work rd o n proj C'cb:
Exe 111 ptiun s fro m s tat ut.o ry pnll·is ions, 12, l 9, .is.
N u111b c r o f, -19 .
Ht.atut o ry pro1· i,-iu 11:s conc e rnin g, 12 , 48.
H o u se h o ld wo rk e rs' trainin g project, 35 .
ll ou ,-eho lcls and per:, on ,-; b e ne fitin g fron1 FeciPral wnrk
a 1,d pul,Iic a ss is tance prog ram :-, 7 , 8 -1- .
l l o u:s<' k Ppi ng aid e pru jtcts, -l6 , 62 , 79 .
l 11 - pl a 11t prer 111ploy m (•1, t t raininµ;, 32 33.
J~ilhourn Ave nu e, Mill,·auk ce, \\"isco n s in , w icl e 11ing
proj e ct , 66 .
Labo r, ex p e nditures fo r, 7, 61.
Labo r Statist ics, Bure au o f, 39, 56.
L a b o r turnol'er on WPA proj ect:-, 6, -l0- 43.
L eg is lati o n co11ce rni11 g t h e \\' PA , 9 1-l.
Library pruj t> ct ,s, 26, 28 , 41, (12 , 72 .
L _n n anh u rst C'liil ln •11 's C lin ic, 7 5.
Mate rial s, ~uppli es , and e quiprn c nt , purchases o f, 60,
6 1.
l\l ililary and n aval es tablis h111n1l s, pruj cts a l. 2-3,
19 , 20 2-!.
;\l u ~c•ullJ ex t e ns ion pro jects, \\' I' A work o n , 62.
i\ 111:s ic p ro jects , 27 , .J7, 80- Xl .
Natio nal defen se proj ec ts, 1 3 , 1.5 28.
Accompli s hm rnts 0 11 , l hroug h Jun e 194 1. 2-3 .
20- 27.
Ce rtifi cation o f by thr \\"ctr a n d i\a,1·y De par tm r nt ~. 16 18.
E mpl oy rn c nt o n . 5. 18 20 , -1.5. Xti.
J:: x •Jllpl ion s fro lll s t.atutury p ro 1· i~ion , 2, 11 , 12 ,
15- 16 , 19.
E x 1,c• ndilurPs o n , 7 , 15, 2 7- 2 , 62.
Konce rt ifircl , 16 , 62.

l NDEX
N atio1111l rldC'11 SC' proj C'! s, C'le .
Prf' ,· io u s lo fi s eal .' <·ar I !)4 I . I .1.
l'rio rit _,· o f. I fi.
Sbtut o ry pro,·i~i,lll~ ('ullt< •rni11 µ.. 2 . 10 . 11 . 1.5- l fi,
48 .
Typ<'~ of. 3 . I !l 2 7.
F o r \'!1cntio11a\ tra ini11 µ.. 2 . 3. I. 20 .
Src also Airpo r t a 11rl airwa ., prnj1•c· 1,. ll iµ.hw a .\ ' ,
road . a11d s treet proj ct s: \ ·u('alio11:d t rni11ing
proj rcls.
, . I 7 . 20 . 2:3.
:-S: at iona l G 11 a rd . \\. PA projrc t s s po11Hm•cl h_
:'\atio1111l P a rk ~rn·ic . 44 . .51\.
?\ation a l Y 01 >lh .\ dlllini ~trat ion . Ii. 29 . 3.'J . :-<3. 8,i . SH.
7 8 .
· a,·.,· D C' p a rtnH'11t of th<·:
All oc n lio11 o f \\· I' .\ f1111d s to . !'\n.
Empl oy 111 r 11t <111 \\' PA projr('t, np<•rnt <'<i h .Y. .J4 .
Proj C'c t s 1111dc r1 ak f'11 for , 20 22. 24 . 27 .
S<'crr t 11 r.v ';; cc-rt ificat ion o f dC'f P11s<' projfTt s fn r
op<'rn.t ion h .v \Y PA , 2 , 12, 15, 17 18 .
T:1Zi B1111d m C' mbcrs, . tatutor~· pro ,· is io ns c< 11 1e,· r11 i11µ..
13.
.Nc<'d:
C' r(ifi c11.t ion o f, a s re quir<'nwnt for pr0jC'CI ,· ni pl oy m C"nl , 13 .
P <' ri o dic in , ·f'st igat ion of. 13.
· e ,·il~ H igh , 'choo l. GC'orgia . 70 .
(, er ( 'n 1n11 11111it~ ,,·nice
· oncons tr11 c ti on projects.
p ro jC'c t s; V oca ti o11al trainin g; :111d i11di,· id11:1l I v p<·s
of pro jrct s. )
N o n labo r rx pf'ndit 11rcs:
Aniount s o f, 7 . n l .
St a t ut o r _v prov is ion s concC'rning , I I . 1 !'\ , (iO . 8 1.
N 11pro frssiona I h os pit a l wo rk r rs und !'r t ht • W<' ifn re
p rogram . 34, 7,5.
Old-agC' a ss is tance. 7 , 83. f\8- 89.
Paym ents to rec ipien t s o f F edC' ra.l II o r k prnµ.r:rn, Pm p lo _,·m C' nl and o f pub li c a ssis tH11c<•., -1 Sn.
P e rso ns henrfiling from Federa l 11 ork :111<1 p11hlic
assist ancC' programs. 7 . 4 .
Phys ica l accomp lishment s. 3- !'i, 64 - 1. (8rr i11diYi dual
lypC'~ of proj rc t s: Nati o nal d e fC'llSC' projC'<·t s.)
Post Office D C' p a rtm C' nt , ERA act, fund s fo r ..'"i.1 .
Proc urC' m C' nt Di v i" io n , Treas ury D C' partm C' nt , ETIA
act f und " for . f> .5.
P rojC'c l procC'dmrs a nd policies, I , 1- 82 .
P rojrc t s:
,\ eco111p li s h 111 c• nt s, ph~·s ical. 64- 8 I .
Appro,·a l JlrOCC'dlll'C' , 8 1- 82.
DrfC' 11sr , pri o rity o f, 2 , 16.
E li gibi lity of , 10- 11 , 2 .
f: xpC' 11dit11rrs un. fi s cal y<'a r J!).J I . .~(i. f\0 li:3 .
F c dPra l agC'nc ., ·, fin a nced 11·ith \\ PA fund s. -1:3.
Op<'rnl ion o f, 8 1 2 .
Spo11~orship o f, I , 3. 60 , 6 1. 81.
Stat11 t o r_,. pro ,· is io 11s r lating to . 2. 10 11 .
(S ec al.,o E mpl oy m e nt ; ExpC'ndit ur<'~: indi,·id11R I
t ., · pC's o f pro jec t ; r alional de fc11~<· prn.J< 'C't s ;
Sponsors.
14 . 56.
PropC'r(y da ni,l g!' c laim..

143

Puhli c :ictivity prnjf'C't s. (, rr Ed11C'alional ~e rYice~;
R C'crealional sC' n ·ic<'s; .\ rts . \l11 s ic , and \\" riting prog ram s. C'lc.)
l'u b liC' assi~ t anc<' programs., 3 !ll.
1'11bl ic b 11il ding prnj<'C't s:
.\ c(·nmp lish 111t•11t s 011, 4. 68 70. 7 1. >sO .
En1p lo .n11<·nt on , 3 . 19 . 11.5 -I ii .
l•'. xpf' ndit un•,-; on . 2 . fi2 , {i3.
Por nati o nal df'ff'll S<' , l !l , 2 1. 23 . 28.
Statutory pro1·is in11 ,-; cone rni11 g. 11.
l'11blic hC'allh prnj C'c t s, 74 77.
l'ublic lf C'a l th SC'n·ic<' . l -11 itC'd Stat<•~. 17 . 2-1. 8 1. 2.
1'11hli c R oa d s .\ dmini s t ralion. 17 , 82.
l' ub li c utilit y projPc-ls :
Acco mpli sh m <' nls "" · .\ 7 .1 77 .
Emp lo~·nw nl on. 3. 19 . -In.
Expe ndil11res on. 2 . fi2 . f\3 .
or impo rt 811('(' fo r nat io11al d r ff'nSC' , 2 1.
\ '11bli c W o rk s Ad mi11i,- 1rat i011 . fi . R3 , 81\ . RS .
!' 11 rc ha,-;es o f IC'ss t ha 11 !!,300. 14 .
(/11arl e rma s tc-r Co rps , 44 . .'ifi.
Hrtf' ipt ;; a nd co ll f'c t ions. di ,-; pns it iun of. 14 .
Hcc rC'al io nal f11.rilil _,. projrct s:
Accompli s hm f'n t s on . .J , 72 73 .
Empl o ymrnt on. 3 . 19 . .Jfi.
ExpC'ndi1urf's on. n2 .
HC'C rC'a tional SC' n ·if'f's . 4 . 2 7 . Iii . f\2 . 73 74 .
lkfe rrnl and CC' r t ifi cat ion o f workNs for ,·rnplo_n 1wnt ,
l . 13.
l! ei mh11rsC' m C' nt o f F C'dr ral Gol'ernmf'nt for m isa pp li ed
projec t f11 nd ;; b .1· s pp11 ,-:u rs, 14.
(See B li11d , a id lo ; C hi ldrr n , d <' p<' nd c nt , ai d
H e li e f.
to; F e d era l wo rk a nd pub lic a ss is t a11cC' programs;
GC'ncral r e li C'f ; G ra n t s t o n rC'dy farm fa 111i li C"s : Old-age
a ssis t a n ce"; \\" o r kers. re fl' rra l and cc-rl iti cat ion of. )
lkn t a l o f e quipm e nt . 13 , 1\0 . 6 1.
H C's!'arch and rC'cord projC'cls . 2 . 47 . 62 , 80 .
l< esc r ve Office rs Tr:i ini 11 g C'or ps, 17 , 23
Ho m a. T e xas. walc-r s y ,-; t p111 . 76.
Sanitation p r ojrct s:
Acco rnpli s hmC'nl~ 0 11. 7.",- 77.
E mpl o .nn e nt on, .Jti.
Expr11 d it urC's on . H2.
O f in1 pn rta11cC' for m1tiona l drf<·1,~t·. 2 1.
SchC'd u k o f month !." r:irn in i.;s. I. 12 , -Ii 19.
Schoo l hui ldings, -1, fi8- 70.
Schoo l lun ch project s. •Hi, (i2. 77 7 .
:--,<•to 11 d Df'fic irncy !\ ppropriat ion Act , 19.J0, I 0 .
Sq,aration;; of ll'Or kNs from \\'PA pro_j('ct ~. 6. 10 42.
S<·11!'r s_,·s tC'm prOjC'c l s. (S ec Publi c 11tilit _,. prnj,,et;;. )
:--;<'ll'ing pro_jC'cts. 46. 62, 79.
S \1:111·11ce Cou nt _v . K ans:is, 11<'11' ;;(' hoo l c011,lr11i-1,·d . 69.
Soc ia l SC't11rity program s , s p!'cia l typ<'" of p 11 i>l ic a,-,-i;;ta11cC', 7. 83. 6 , 8 90.
S o il Co nsc-r n1 t ion SC' n ·ieC' . .J 4 . .'iii.
i::,p!'c ial t~· pC';; o f pub lic a~" i" t:111c·<' 1111rlc-r t ill' :--,ncial SC'c urit y program;;, 7. 8:l. 8(i , :-<8 flO .
Spon so rs:
1--:xprndil urC's un projl'tl~ op('r:l tt-d Ii,, \\' l' .\ , 8, 2 7 ,
60 63.

144

I i DEX

J)!l!IH0 rscrn ti,111 ed .
Participation in ini tiation and prosP c11tio11 of
pr jPc t,-., 1, 3 , 60 , (il , Xl .
~lat 111 o ry pro ,·is ion s o n co n l ril,11 l ic•n s of. 11 . fill, 8 1.
T"·enly -fiy p pe rcPnt pro ,·i,-. io n . I l. f\0 , 8 1.
T _Y pes of a!i,e nc ie:s actin i a:s, 60.
St:.il e D e pa rtnwnt o f Archi \'('S a nd His tory, ;\ l011tgo u1 Pry . . \laba rn a. 80.
Stat e Teachprs' Coll ege , T r mpe. Ari zo na , 69.
tat es. variati o n in t~·pe. of projects opc· ra t ct . 18. -17 . n:3.
,:u11bur_v . Ohio . sc \\'agc di sposa l plant of. 77 .
S nrplu s comm oditi e,-., cfo;tributi o n of. 10. 62 , 79.
Sur vey projecb,. 26 , 28, -17 . 67.
Tra inin i o f wo rk f' rs for defe nse ind m: tri L•,, . ( 8 £'1
Yocali o 11al trainin g. )
Transp ortati on and communica ti on prnjc·cls, -1 , 25.
6-1- 6 .
Treas ury. D eparlm 11l of th e, fund s for , 10.
Turnov er . la bor . on \\' PA proj ec b , r, . -10 -1 3.
l'n empl o~ m e nt . relati o n of \\' PA Pmpl ny m e11t t o.
5- 6. 37- -10.
1Jnit Pd Sta( p, Emp loy e,-. Compen~ation Commiss io n,
fund s fo r . l 0.
l'niled Stat es Office of Educ-al ion , as co:spo11 ,-:or of
vocat io unJ trainin g p roject,;, 29. 30. 33 . 71.
l'rgent Defici e ncy Appropriation Act , l\ la rch I, 19-H ,
7, 55.
Ve t e ran s, e mp loym e nt of, 13. -1 2.
\ 'ocali o nal traini1l!!;:
For airport se rvicem e n . 33.
Cent ers. 3 1- 32. 33 . 34 . 35.
DdensP indus tri es reg is t e r . 30 31.
For d e feu se pu r poses, 2, 3. -1 , 20 , 2~J 3--1 .
Eli g ibility for , 30. 32 , 33 . 3-±. 3.'i.
Employ m ent on proj ect s fo r. 3, 20 . 29 . 32.
Expe nditures for . 28.
H o urs and earnin gs of lrain c·es, 30 . ::ll , 32, 33.
3-! , 35 .
For hou se hold workPrs. 3,- .
I n-plant pn•empl oyrnc•nt training u11cl, ·r, 32 33 .
F o r nunprofess ional ho:-: pital work r~, 3..J .
?\umbe r of trainees , 3, 20, 29, 31 , 32 , 3.'l .
Occupatio n, fo r " ·hich trainin g is g in n , 31 , 32 , 33,
3-1, 35, 36 .
Spo nso rs, 29 , 30, 33 , 35.
Stat.utory pru,·is ions for, 2, 10, 29, 35, -!
T _,·pe,- of, 29 , 32, 33 , 3-1 , 3,5.
l' nder adi d t, educati o n progrnlll, 31) 3 6.
\\' a gr rat e,:
E xe mpti ons from regu lar , clwdule o f monthl y
ea rnin g,-., 12. 19.
Mo n thly schedul t" , l , 12, -17- -19.

\\' a r D epartm e nt:
All ocation of \VPA fund s to, .-G.
Ernpl yrn e n( on \YP A p rojr ct,-., ope ra t ed by, 44.
Proj ec ts und e rtake n for, 20- 27 .
Se cre tary's ce rtificati o n of d c fc·n~c• proj ect for
operati on by \VPA , 2, 12, 15, 16- 17 .
\\' ,1,rroacl, !\Jinn sota, hospit a l, 7-l .
\Y at e r :supp ly sy,-. te m projec ts. (8 ee Public utility
proj ec ts.)
\\' cl fare projects:
Acco 1upli, h1n e nt:-: on, 77- 79.
Employ m e nt o n , -1 6.
Expe nditures on , 62 .
:iee also Cannin g , ll ou:-:e kee pin g aide,
chool
lun ch, a Hcl Se\l·ing proj ect, .
\\' omen, e rnplo _n n c nt, of, 5 1.
\\' ork camp c n,pl oy ee,-., pro,·is iun fo r medical and
hosp ital care, 14.
\\'o rk ers:
Adrnini:s trath·e, numb r and $a lary of, 59- 60.
Affida,·it as t o th e ir citi ze ns hip, 12.
Ag of, 6, 52- 5-! .
Ali e ns,
'omrnunis t s, e tc., s tatutory provis ion,
conce rning, 12- 13.
Ass iii:nm e nt of, -12- -±3 .
E a rning,-; of, 1, 12, 49 . 7.
Effect of 18-month pnl\·is io n on, -±2 .
Elig ibilit y r quirc- mc nt s f r \\' PA employm ent,
12- 13, -±0.
H o urs of \\" Ork, 12, 19 , --18 -!9 .
Need of, pe riodic in,·e, tigati on of, 13.
:-(011ce rtifi ecl, -±0.
:-(um l e r empl oy ed fi s cal year 19--11, 1, 5, 37, -13, 86.
Pro fessional and te chnical, 50, 5 1.
R e fr rral and ce rtification o f, 1, 6, 13, -±0 .
, erni s ki ll ed, --19, ·o.
Ski ll ed , 50, 51 .
Total n umber s in ce i>el(in11inii: o f \\"P A prog ra 111 , 6,
--12--!3.
Trai11ing, vocational , for cl fen se indu s tries, 29- 3-±.
Training, vocati o nal , o the r, 3-± , 35 , 36 .
l ' ns ki ll ed, -19, 50. 5 1.
\' r te ran s, emplo y rn e nt pro,·is io n~ concerning , 13,
-±2 .
\\' age classes, 49- 51.
\\' 0 11 1e n, 5 1.
I n wo r k camps , ])J'O \' is ion fo r rn edi cal and hoti pital
care , 1-!.
S a also E m ploy rn e 11t .
\\'r iters ' program , 26, -±7, 81 .
Ya rd ,; and Ducks, Bureau of, -±-1 , 56.

0