The full text on this page is automatically extracted from the file linked above and may contain errors and inconsistencies.
N orthwe stern 1' Un lver11ity r.vv/ JU Li b rar y 7l O R K S P R O GR E S S 8 13 8625 A D M I "J I S T R A T I O N Harry L. Hopkins, Administrat or Corrington Gill Assistant Administra tor RESEARCH Howard B. Myers, Director Social Research Divi s ion BUL L E T I N I ntensity of Relief July 1 9 33 - Jun is 1 93 5 Seri es I, No . 18 , · Mar ch ;.;:5, 1 936 Digitized by Original from NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY 8625 - 1- I ntensity of P.e1ief from Julv 1 ~33 to J une 1 935 Over the t wo y eA r pe rio d from July 1, 193~~ to J un e 3 C, , 1935 thP. mont:C.ly_ ,:iver.o. 6 e numbe r cf ::,erron'.3 on gene r al re l i ef rolls in c on~\ ne!1taJ. United ·states was 1 6 , 293 , 662Y , wl.dch is equiv a l en t to 12. 8 pe rc ent of the estimnt eq. av era,gt; ropulation of the countryc/ (:1able 1) . · The month with th0 hirh·.,st incid8n c e of relief dur ing this :pe ri on w;_:s J8Jl.u•.1.ry 1 835 when 2C.1 ,1 37 , 841 pcr,~cn s, ,~1u.iva::_ent to . 15 . 8 p,.rcfn t of t l.d E;sti·ns,t':ld p opul :=:i.ti on, were on t he general r elief rolls . From Jul ~: to Sept •:;mb 3r 1933 the intensity cf r eli0f Q3Clin5d from 11 . 7 po rc 0nt t o 10 . 0 perc0nt of t he p o:9ul ati on , ; !'ld then i i:c r eas cd t o 12 . U perc\?nt in Novembe r . .As a r •.jsul t of tha C. W• .A. p ro g r am , r elief int ensity declinRd i"'.l. D0c c n'be r, o.nrl dropped to the low .; s t p o in t (8.7 p~ r cent) in J :=mue ry 1934. Exceut fo r the peri o ds from l\: 1y to J une c,nd from August to October 1934 it r ose steadily t. h roucsh t h e ;/eri.r from J MuFrom a ry 1 934 to Decembe r 1 934 . J 3Il.uary 1935 to June there wgs a steady decline . 0 Int ensity of Re li ef bv Region s and st ~t es . Th e Mount a in s t a.t es stand. out E.s t h ose with the highes t intensity of r elief for the two y ear pe riod un~e r considera tion (lE.l' pe r cent ) . .At the othAr ex tr eme we r e the Pa cific and New :S."1gland states (lC. 6 and 10. 7 pe r cent , r espec ti vely) , the Atlmtic and South Central r egions wer e 8b ov e the ns.tiona l ave r age , t h e East North Central wa s alm o s t iden tical wi t11 the av er age , arid the Wes t ~ortt Centrnl r egi on ,in sp ite of the droutl". , was bel ow the r.1 ve r :3,f'e . T:1e lfow En .c;la'1d StRtes . Massachus e tts hq,d the highest i ntensi t y of rdi Gf of the New E..'Ylgl a.n :l s t?.tes ( 12 . 8) , Vermont the lov.ces t (5 . 9 pe rcen t), .All the states in the r egion but ~~assachusri tts W':, r e below a v e r age in r elief intensity. Tho r eli3f p r oblem i n t he New Engl P.nd sti1.tes was p rop orti onatel y net se r ious unti l Ap ri l 1 934 , w-3,s smc1llest in J An~P r y 1 934 (E . 3 percent) , and r eached its ,peak in Feb rua r y 1935 (14 . 2 per cen t in Februar y and May) . i} Figu:i:es ( revised a s of Hov€;--mbr> r 15 , 1935) obtained. from ·r ec ord.s of the Fede r a l j~rner;""enc y Relief Ad..niinid:cati on . Gem·r a l r el i ef includes dir ec t r elief furni ~hed by E . R. A. or organized r elief b o dies Pnd work r elief p rovid.ed U'.1d.er the ~~m(.; r •:ency Wo r k P.•:l i nf Pro gr em , but excb'dec the special p rogr·nris of r u:cal r ehr;1.bil i ta. tion, eme r gen cy education and college stud.cn t a i d . In J ,:i"1.uar .. y 19.35 , a t whi ch time both the general and spec i al p r oer a.ms were a t the peak , a l together 2 J , 676,791 per£:ons we r e on gene r '.ll and speci '1l reliE::f rolls. ~/ The p o:mlg,tion estima tes wen, made by strai 6 h t line in t erpolati on from u n:uubl ishe::l l~3J A.nd 1 935 es ti m,c:i,tes of p opul3.tion wi t h age g r OU}"'! 0--4 :>rea rs not c ompc1r:.,.r.l2 tc, the census, asm1ming n o mi gr::: . tion , made in 1 934 by Wa rren S. Tho m_p~on o f the Scripps Founda ti on for Ee.sc,...rch in Po:nul P tion Problems . The s an1e po:pul a tion es timate for 1933 v,as emp loyed for e",Ch mo nth of 1 933 included in the study ; the same estimate for 1934 was empl oyed f or e-9,ch month of 1934 ; and U1e sAme es tima t e for 1 135 was emJJl O;/ ed for each month of 1 935 includPd i n the study . Avera@·e3 fo r int ensi t ~.- of relief fo r hGlf y ear and. y eRr pe rio ds wer e computed from a verage s c,f reli ef lo ".Ld and. actuA.l estim.c;t es of 1 933 ,1 '3 34 r-i.nd 1 935 general popul-s.tion . The a ,-~r~ige inten si t y fo r the en ti r e tw0n t y- fou r rnorith was co m11ute i.l fr om the av e r lge r elief lo ad for the vrhole neriod di~ vided oy the popul-3.tion es ti mete for the s;:,,me :::::,r. ri od. 1 0 Digitized by Original from NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY 8625 -2- The Atl~ntic Sta tes exhibited a very different trer.d from lTew England. ~~e inten sity rate for the region was h~gh during most of the period , never falling below 9.5 and naving a to p fig~re of 15.5 percent (J2!lli.ary and 7ebruary, 1935). West Vir:;ini a and Floricla exhibited the highes t r ate ( 20 .4 and 19.7 rercen t r e spec ti vGl ;)T fo r t ho t ·.:o ;:rear ':)8riod). Penn svl v,, nia end Sou. th Ca rolina were aJ.so f :-ir above A.verage, while Virginia was lowest (5.S percent), and Georgi a , Delaw8 re, , .!'lti North Carolina a vera c ed le s s than 10 percent. Some of the Atlantic sta t8s reached a !)Ca1,: in 19 34, including Delaware, ~.lc' lr :'land, Nort:1 C~rolina, and Georgia . Wost Virginia ren.ched a peak in Au~us t, 1933; South C2-rolina in Noverr.ber , and Florida in September 1 9 33 . Relief intensit y in the South Central States wa s smallest in September 1933 and gr~ate.st in Auf'.Ust 1934. At the beginning cf 1935 it again reached· a point al most as high as in the surnnPr of 1934. Tennes i.ee had the lowest a verage r ate (10.2 percent), for the two year pe riod and Okla homa haa the hi ghest rate (18.8 percert) . Diver se change:, in intensity occured within the r e:;ion . K.,.,ntucky vias at its worst in July 1933 (19.5 percent) and re~~rned to almost tho same rate in May 1935 (18.6 percent). Al abama reached a peak in 1933 and declined mP-rkodly thereaf ter. TLe reverse ~as true of Oklahomq and ~ex8 s . The 2 A st Nurth Cen tr:=il Sta t F: s as a group were f airly t:rpical of the United Stat es. Tl.ie low point in in- tensity v.a s 8. 7 percent in January 1934, and the region reached its peak in January 1935 (15.8 perce~t). The various state3 were very similar in relief intensity, Ohi o having a higher rate than any other state in the group . The West North Central States differ fro,u most of the other rer,ion~l groups in the extremely low rate of relief in 1933 (6.6 percenti Ho wever, in 1934 the rate was almost averar,e for the country and in 1935 was a bove aver~ge. The Tutko tas were mainly respon sible for the increased intensity of relief, South Dakota reaching the highest rate in the country (39.1 pe rcent in December 1934), followed by North Dakota (30.8 percent in April 1934). The drouth was an i mportant factor , hitting in full force in 1934, causing relief intensity rates to increase in comparison with the low point in 1933, more t han doubling in Iowa. and increasing almost six- fold in North Dako ta and South D8kota. The Mounta in St a tes were consistentl y above average in intensity of re.lie f . Nevada had a very low rate (8.1 9ercent), Utah and Arizona the hi 6 hest r ates (1 8 . 6 perc ent). °W'Joming 1s averege r elief intensity was extremely lo w in 1933 (2 . 5 percent), but increase d to 13 . 5 perc en t from January to June 19 35. The Pacific St a tes were slightly below the 2veragc for the United States from conth to month, and were very similar in reli ef intensity rates. Digitized by Original from NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY 8625 -3- Table 1. Perso:1s on 8-enera l F.elief in Co~ti nen tal United. States as a Percent of the Estimated Total Po~l 8. tion, by States a!l.d Gecgra:-?hic Areas J uly 193.S - June 193:S Average for July 1933 to June 1935 Geographical Areas and States t Average for 1933 (6 mo.) 1933 J·..i.ly Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. Total 12.8 10.8 11.7 11.3 10.0 10.7 12.0 9.2 New England Meline New Hampshire Vermont Massachusetts Rhode Island Connecticut 10.7 8.0 7.9 5.9 12.8 9.1 9.4 7.4 8.0 6.4 7.2 5.8 7.1 5.9 7.1 5.8 5.9 3.9 8.6 7.3 7.3 5.6 7.7 5.9 5.9 3.7 8.8 8.3 7.2 7.1 5.2 6.0 ·3.2 8 .8 4.0 6.2 Atlantic New York New Jersey Pennsylvania Delaware Maryland District of Columbia Virginia West Virgini =1 North Carolina Sou th Caroli na Georgia ]'lorida 13.5 13.6 12 .6 1 6 .6 §:) Q} 4.8 9.1 9.0 8.5 4 .,0 8 .2 8.0 7.7 4.0 8.3 7.4 7.1 3.0 8.5 7.3 6.8 13.5 12.9 11.8 11.6 10.4 9.8 18.7 17. Ei 14.3 11.6 8 .2 8.0 7.5 8.6 2.8 §:.I 29.9 30.9 9.7 8.3 20.2 19.1 5 .5 6.3 24.6 25.2 11.9 10.4 10.4 11.4 5.9 20 .4 9.4 15 . 6 9.7 19.7 12.2 10.7 9.6 '16.2 11.2 8.4 8.4 3.0 25 .5 8.5 18.9 7.4 23.6 15.7 10.4 7.9 9.5 12.1 10.5 9.1 15.3 9.3 8.0 9.5 24 .1 7.3 20.7 6.6 28.5 23.2 7.7 21.9 9.3 27.8 9.5 13.4 12.1 7.8 9.9 9.2 15.2 14.6 10.6 11.2 9.4 8.6 10.1 5.0 2 .9 3.2 28.8 16.3 9.5 8.5 8 .9 22.8 4.9 12.1 28 •.4 7.4 Sou th Cen trnl Kentucky Tennessee Alabama . Mi ssi ssip-pi Arkansas Louisiana Okl ahoma Texas 13.1 16 .1 10 .2 13,0 11.7 13. 6 10.7 18 .8 12.9 11.3 14.1 7.1 16.9 10.7 12.8 13 .8 17.7 9.2 11.8 19.5 9.3 14.2 13.7 10.8 13.3 8.5 4.1 7.2 19.1 12.5 11.8 6.4 11.8 12.7 7.1 17.0 9 .7 11.7 14.7 18.6 7.8 13.1 17.4 8.1 18.9 10.7 10.3 14.7 19.8 9 .3 East North Central Ohio Indiana Illinois Michigan Wi sconsir. 12 .9 J.Ll, 3 11.3 12.7 13.2 11.7 11. 8 12.7 9.0 11.7 14.1 9.2 12.4 14.3 9.2 13.0 12.6 10.1 11.8 13.4 8 .8 11.9 13.2 9.0 11.3 12. 5 11.5 12.0 10.1 11.l 14.1 9.0 12.8 1-3. 9 10.5 11.8 West North Central Minnesota Iowa :V.is souri Horth Dakota Sou th Dako ta Nebraska Kansas 11.9 12.9 7.6 6.4 6.2 6.2 6.4 5.8 4.6 8.0 6.0 5.7 G.4 9.4 11.5 6.6 6.1 5.9 5.1 9.4 11.8 5.5 9.2 Mountain Montana Idaho Wyoming .Colorado Hew Mexico Arizona Utah Nevada 16.1 15.8 12.4 8 .9 17.2 17 . 9 18 .6 18.6 8.1 13.7 6 .3 2 .5 11.6 6.5 18.3 15.l 5.4 Pacific Washineton Oregon Cali fo rniA. 10.6 11. 3 9 .9 10 .5 9.5 10.2 6.8 9 .7 9.1 11.0 21.li 25.7 .. i.i:ed b¥ a/ Data not f'iORiTt!tMJm...Tt;: N UNIVERSITY 11.3 el 12.4 18.7 7.8 17.5 13.4 17.2 14.2 el ~/ 0.1 ~ 7.7 13.9 14.2 §) 8.8 11.1 12.8 9.1 e.l el 10.2 11. 9 2 .8 15. 0 9 .1 13.0 11.9 14.7 7.6 10.8 10.3 6.6 11.1 16.4 15.5 9.8 8 .4 11.0 11.2 10.3 6.8 5.7 ~ .7 5.5 8.8 15.8 5.3 9.2 13 . 2 14 . 8 8.2 3.2 13.l 5.9 23.0 19.3 6.1 11.4 13.3 6.6 2.2 11.3 6.5 19.5 16.3 5.3 10. 6 12.9 6. 1 2.1 10.2 6.2 18.7 14.4 4.2 10.2 11.8 10.4 12.l 15.5 13. 7 6.6 4.0 6.4 2.4 2 .4 2.7 10.7 11.4 13.l 5.9 7.2 7.6 18.6 19.1 10.9 13.5 1 5 . 3 11.8 5.6 6.6 4.8 11.6 14.5 8.1 11.3 9.8 7.0 12.4 8.8 8.2 5 .2 9. 6 6.3 6.7 6.5 5.3 5.9 ~ ll.4 5.2 5.2 10.1 !}} ?:.I 8.8 8.5 5 .8 9.3 'gii:i.il f~or:i:i NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY 8.3 6.Z 7.0 5.8 e.~ 3.9 6.8 18.7 10.0 5.3 2.9 6.9 13.5 20 .7 5.9 10.6 9.2 11.8 7.3 8 .8 7.2 8.3 7.5 6 .S UU C.:J -4Table 1. Persons On General Relief i!1 Contine r.t al 'Jn.i tcd :-' t a" e:: as a Percent of t he Estimated Total Population by St'J.tes a~11 · Geographic Areas July 1933- June 1935 ( Conti..,1:0-l) Geographic al Avg . Areas and f or States 1934 .Jan. Feb. 1\:ar .- Apr . 1934 l!Iay ,June July Aug . (J c_ ;:: . L C',Y. Dee . 13 . 2 13.4 14. 2 14. 2 14. 2 l l :.• 6 l'.j . _ l.i. 12. 6 13 . 1 9. 9 9. 4 7-4 B. 9 6. 5 7. 3 15 . 0 15 . 8 11. 0 10 •.7 11 . 3 11 . 0 - --- Total 12. 9 8. 7 9. 2 10. 6 13 . 2 10. 6 6. 3 7. 7 4. 9 6. 9 6. 3 5. !.:. 3. 2 12. 8 7. 2 9. 0 4. 3 9. 4 6. o 6. 5 5. 9 7. 2 3. 6 7. 2 4. 4 6. 1 Atlantic 13 . 5 9.-6 New York 13 . 7 7. 6 !~ Tersey 13 . 0 'l 4 Penn. 15 . 9 15 . 0 Delav,rare 9. 1 10. 7 Maryland 11 . 3 10. 3 Di st rict of Columbi a 12. 5 5. 8 Vir gi nia 6. 6 3. 4 West Va . 17 . 7_13 .7 N. Carolina 9. 8 9. 6 s . carolina 15 . 3 9. 3 Georgi a 10. 6 6. 6 20. 0 6. 5 Florida 10. 2 8. 1 9. 6 14. 6 14. 8 11. 9 new England Maine N. H. Vermont Mass . · R. I . Conn . '- . 0,1d- - - -·- · 7. 0 12. 0 lJ . 3 6. 1 11 . 2 6. J 7.9 e.s 6. 4 4~2 6. /.+ 6. 3 7 ~8 13. 0 13. 8 5.4 9. 9 10. 2 6.6 12. 9 10.1 11 . 4 7. 5 5. 9 5. 6 11-1-. 0 10. 0 9. 9 11. 4 11. 4 12. 1 7 . 7 6. 9 7. 2 5. 6 6. o 6: o 5: 5 5. 0 5. 2 l~.: 4 11~~4 15:3 10. 0 10. 1 11 . 1 9. 2 9.4 9. 8 12. 7 8. 5 6. 9 5. 5 15 ~7 10. 8 10. 7 11.i . 4 15. 2 14: 2 15 . 6 11 . 8 9. 0 10. 4 14. 9 15 . 9 14. 3 14. 6 16. 2 16. 8 15 . a 12. 2 15 . 0 14. 8 15 ~9 13 . 5 17 . 3 6. 5 12. 6 14. 2 15 . 2 13 . 0 16. 1 6. 5 11. 5 14. l 15 . 4 12.8 15 . 5 6. 7 10. 4 14. 4 15 : 3 13 . 0 16. 2 6~9 10. 0 14. 5 15. 2 12~9 15. 7 9. L. 11 . 9 l+. 6 7. 3 l~.•h 16~5 10. 5 12. 5 9. 2 11 . 6 7 .7 9. 6 7. 0 20 . 1 14. 4 5. 1 14. 1 9. 5 16. 9 9. 3 22. 5 14. J-1- 13 . 1 s.1 7. 3 17 . 3 18. 4 9. 6 9. 6 17 . 3 15 . 8 10. 3 10. 6 21 . 6 22. 2 13. 0 6. 5 18. 6 9: 8 16. 5 10. 7 24. 5 14. 2 7. 5 18: 6 10 . 5 16. l-111. 3 25 . 4 13 . s 6. 9 19. 5 10 . 1 19: 2 13 ~3 24. 9 13. 6 7. 0 20 : 0 7. 8 19~2 12: s 23 . 7 13 ~3 7. 3 20~2 8. 8 16. 3' 12:9 21. 6 20. 3 12. 1 17 . 9 ll . l 13 . 2 17 : 3 14. 2 6. 2 1n. 2 ~-9 12. 4 11 . 7 10. 5 16. 9 11: 8 16 .. 6 12. 9 13. 0 12. 7 16. 4 16. 2 13. ~- 13 . 3 15 . 4 13. 6 12. 5 13 . 0 G. 2 11 . 2 8. 8 8. 6 14. 0 12. '.) 13. 1 12. 1-1- l L~. 1 16. 6 1.3: 6 14. 3 13. 7 10. 3 8~8 18. 0 lh. 8 16. 4 17 . 0 13: 9 16~4 14: L~ 1s : 8 9. 7 23 :7 16.7 15. 8 16~3 11: 5 16: 8 12: 7 21: 1 8. 9 24. 3 15 . 3 lJ-1-. l 16~1 10~4 12. 1 10: 9 13:1 8.,6 22: 6 15. 8 14. 6 16: 5 10. 2 8~9 10~6 14: s 7: s 26. 4 17 . 1 15. 2 17 . 5 10: s s.5 11 . 6 16. 7 7~9 26: 3 1s. 2 12. 9 14. 6 11 . 7 13. 0 12. 3 11. 6 12. 9 14. o 11 . 5 13. 0 11. 6 14. 0 12. 8 13. 6 11 . 1 13 . 6 11. 1 14. 0 12~8 13. 9 11 . 0 13.7 11: 4 12. 1 n ~3 14.s 11 ~5 13. 5 12: 5 12. 6 Centr al 13. 5 10.8 11.2 Kentucky 16. 0 14. 1 16. 0 Tenness ee 10. a l+. 5 6. 9 Alabama 13 . 4 13 . 1 ll . 2 Mis-s . 13. 2 13. 6 16~a Arkansas 13 . 8 16. 3 15 . 6 Louisiana 10: 2 17 . 9 19. 9 Okle.homa 17 . 1 7. 8 2. s Texas 13 . 4 6. 9 7. 9 So . s.s 5. 8 0. 8 { .8 9.7 14. 6 15: 6 15 : 2 16~1 6:s 7. 4 9. 8 9. 9 15 . 1 16: 1 15 . 9 _17 . 5 7.8 10. 4 13. 3 7. 6 21 : 0 9. 6 15 . 8 11.8 12. 6 13 . 8 11 . 1 12. 4 12. 6 11 . 9 8. 7 8. 6 6. 6 8. 8 11 . 0 6. 6 10. 3 9. 9 11 . 5 7. J.i 9. 0 s.5 1n. 1 9. 2 <J . 9 8. Cl 10. 0 13. 8 15. 3 12 . 3 13 . 5 13. 4 13 . 1 14:3 16. 0 12~9 13 . 6 14. 9 13. 1 14: 8 16. 3 13 : 6 13. 6 16. 3 13 . 3 15: 6 17 . 2 14. 5 14:1+ 17. 0 14. o West N. Cent . 12. 4 Minn. 11.i.. s I owa. 7. 4 Mis s ouri 10. 9 l{ . Da.kota 24. 4 S. Dakota 29. 3 Nebraska 8. 5 Kansas 10. 4 6. o 5. 2 4. 0 5. 3 18. 9 15 . 5 4. 7 3. 6 6. 5 G. 6 12. 6 12. 9 13. 2 13 . 2 13. 3 14~0 5. 7 3. 7 6. 1 22. 9 15. 0 16. 0 7.• 0 10. 2 30. 8 28~6 8. 2 10. 3 19. 5 7. 5 9. 6 20. 3 32~9 7. 6 10. 7 19: 8 16: 2 8. 7 8: 8 8. B 12. 1 26. 7 20. 4 33.e 32. s 7. 5 7. 3 9. 9 10. 8 17 . 1 20. 0 10: 0 15 . s 26. 9 39. 1 13. 2 15 . 5 :rifountain l\Ionto.na 8. 8 10 . 5 5. 8 2. 2 9. 4 8. 7 10. 2 11 . 3 3. 7 10. 2 10. 4 5. 1 3. 4 l ?. . 6 10. 3 10. 9 13. 0 3. 1 12. 9 16. 3 12 . 0 17 . n 5. 9 12. 3 6. o 8. 9 15 . 9 18 . 5 13. 7 12. 6 14. 8 19. 7 16. 2 19. 7 4. 2 5. 7 17 . 2 15. s 14. 0 10. 5 19. 1 16. 8 21. 3 19. 4 6. 2 17- . 3 17-. 0 9. 4 12. 5 18. 5 18. J-123 . 6 19. 6 7. J EC\.st F. Cent . Ghio Indiana. Illinois Michi gan Wisconsin 16. 5 15 . 5 Idaho 11. 9 Wyoming 9. 7 Colorado 17 .s New Mexico 19. 7 Arizona 18. 8 Utah 18 . 6 Uevada 7. 7 ~ n.4 Ser~ . Pacific Wash . Oregon Calif . 8. 1 5. 1 7. 7 28. 4 19. 1 ~.-0 6. 8 3. 7 5. 4 ·- 9.7 6 l 6. 2 10.7 8. 1 9. 4 10. 0 7. 5 7. 4 'J. 4 5. 3 5. 0 7. 6 9. 9 10. 2 10.1 9. 9 12. 4 10.9 10. 5 B. 9 10. 3 11 . 7 8. 8 6.7 9. 1 9. 8 .10. 2 Digitized b N6RTHWE5"FERN tJNlv'ER51'F1' 15 . 7 8. 6 12. 3 19.7 32. 2 8. 5 12. 5 15 . 7 s.3 13 . 1 23 ~4 31 . 7 10. 6 13 . 1 15 . 2 16. 6 8. 5 15: 1 27 . 2 33 . 3 11 . 1 13. 8 16: 1 18: 4 8. 9 15. 0 27 . 1 37 . 2 12. 1 15 . 0 17. 0 10. 8 12. 5 19. 4 21+.9 22 . 6 19. 6 17. 5 12. 2 11. 2 20 : 6 29: 5 21. 6 2~.o 21.4 s . o 9. 4 19. 0 17 . o 13. 2 11 . 1 20. 1 25 : 8 21 . 4 21. 5 10. 1 18. 2 16. 6 13. 7 10. 9 19. 7 22. 5 19. 9 20 . 2 10. 5 18. 8 ~:\) . 9 16. L~ 18. 7 17 . s 22. 1 12. 2 l h. 4 10. 4 11. 2 10. 7 10. 1 10. 5 10. 0 11~1 9. 9 10. 2 9. 5 l '.J . 3 l J. l 10. 7 10. 5 9. 9 10. 9 Fl.4 19 . 1 2\.) . 8 24. :; 19. 8 20. 0 11 . 9 28 . 4 20 . 1 2:i: 3 12. 1 11 . 5 11 .9 12. 0 11 . 4 13 . 4 12. 5 12. 5 13. 8 -5- Table 1. Per ~ons 0 :.1 Geri e:-el ReJ.ief in Continental United St 2.t"3s a s a Per cent of the Estima ted I1otal Pc-pu 7 ation by States and Ge os ra~Lic Ar eas July 1933--June 1935 (Ccntir,ued). --------Average fo r 1935 J anuary (6 1~.) Geographi cal Ar e::-. s and Sta tes ► 1935 Februa.ry March A'lri l May June Total 14.8 15.8 15.6 15 . 3 14. 7 14 .l 13.l Ne,v England Maine New Hamp::.hire Vermont Massachusetts Rhode I sl and Sonnee ticu t 14.0 10.7 10 . 6 9.1 15.8 11.0 11. 5 13. 7 10 . 3 7.9 8 .9 1 6 .5 11. 1 11.9 1·1.2 10.3 9.8 9.4 17 .2 11.1 11.9 11.1 11.2 11.4 9.4 16.9 10 . 8 11.7 14 .1 11.1 11. 9 9.2 16.8 11.2 . 11.5 14 . 2 11 . 2 11.9 9.0 1 7 .2 11.0 11. 2 13. 7 10 . 4 10 .7 8.9 16.6 10 .6 10 .9 Atlantic New York New Jersey Pennsylvania Delaware Maryland District of Columbia Virginia West Virrinia No rth Carolina Sou th Caro 1 i na Georgia Florida 14. 9 16.2 14. 8 18 .5 6.8 10 . 8 12 . 0 8.8 20.8 9.4 13 . 0 10.2 15 .0 15 .5 16 .7 15.5 18.1 7.6 11.3 13. 7 8 .5 21.9 10 . 0 15 . 9 11.2 19.6 15.5 1 7 .1 15 .5 18.7 7.5 12 .1 13.5 8 .7 21. 6 9.6 14 . 4 11.1 15. 3 15 . 3 l o. 6 18 . 9 7.2 11.8 12.4 8 .9 21.1 9.8 13 . 6 10 .7 13.8 14 . 9 16 . 2 14 . 8 18.7 6. 5 10 . 9 12.1 9. 3 20 . 4 9. 7 11.4 10 .4 13.7 14.5 15 . 6 13. 9 18 . 8 6 .2 10 . 0 1 0 .9 9.0 20.4 8 .9 11.4 9. 8 13. 9 13. 7 1 5 .1 13. 4 17.8 6 .1 8.4 9 .8 8 .3 19.5 11.2 7.7 13 . 6 South Centr0.l Kentucky Tennessee Alabama Mississippi Arkansas Loui siana Oklahoma Texas 14 .0 18.1 12.l 8.5 9. 6 1-±,0 8 .4 22 . 6 15.4 15. 6 17 .9 11.7 8.5 12 .5 17 . 9 8.0 25 . 6 18.5 15 .2 17. 8 12 .0 8 .2 11.0 17.2 8 .2 18 . 0 14 . 6 18 .0 12 . 4 7.9 10 . 3 l •L l 8.3 24 .2 16 . 9 13. 7 18 . 4 12 . 6 8.6 8.6 12 . 3 8. 6 21, 9 15 . 0 12 '. 8 18 . 6 12 . 3 8 .8 7 .6 11.5 8 .7 20 . 2 12 . 9 11. 8 1 7 .7 11 . 8 8.8 7 .3 10.7 8 .6 18 .8 10.9 East North Cen tral Ohio Indiana Illinois Michigan Wisconsin 14 . 6 16. 7 l<± . 0 14 .1 13.4 13. 7 15 . 8 1 7.8 14. 8 14 . 7 15. 7 1 5 .1 15 . 5 17. 3 1 5.0 14. 8 14 . 5 15 . 5 15 . 0 16.9 1,1 . 5 1 -i . 8 13 .8 13. B 14.5 16.5 13.9 14.3 12 .9 13.5 13.7 16.1 13.3 13. 4 12.0 12 .5 13.2 15.9 12.4 12 . 8 11.7 11.8 West North Cen tral Minnesota I owa Missouri North Dakota Sou th Dakota Nebraska Kansas 15 .9 15 . 8 9 .6 15.9 27.9 32 .3 13.0 16 . 0 17 . 4 18 .2 10 . 6 17 .1 28.3 36.7 14.4 16.4 17.3 1 7 .6 10.6 17.1 28.7 14. 7 17.0 1 6 .9 16.0 10. 5 16.9 29 . 3 34.4 14.3 1 6 .8 1 6 .1 16 .0 9.6 15.9 29 . 1 33.5 12.4 1 6 .4 15.2 14 . 7 8 .8 15.0 27.5 32 . 6 11.9 1 6 .1 12.7 12 .l 7.4 13. 6 24 . 4 21.l 10 . 2 13.1 Mountain Montana Idaho 7iyoming Colorado New Mexico Arizona Utah !Tevada 20.2 18 . 6 19.5 13 .5 21.3 25 . 2 18 .4 21.9 11. 6 21.8 19.1 22 .2 14.9 22 . 6 29 .5 19. 5 ~2 . 7 14.0 21.4 19 . 5 19.6 15 . 4 22 . 8 23 . 5 18 . l 23 .1 14.3 21.9 19 .8 20.4 15 . 9 23 .l 29 . 9 19 . 2 23 . 3 12 . 2 20 . 3 19 .0 20 . 2 15 . 5 21.0 18 .8 22 . 9 10.9 18 . 9 18!3 18 .7 10 .6 20 . 5 21.0 18 . 2 20 . 8 9. 8 16. 7 15 .9 15. 8 8. 6 18 . 2 18 . 8 1 6.7 18 .6 8.6 Pa cific Washington Oregon California 13.4 13. 6 12 . 7 ... ¼~y· 4 D1qit1ze 14 . 0 13 . 4 1'1 .1 14.1 13 .8 13. 9 14. 5 13 . 7 13 . 7 1 3 ,3 13 . 4 13 .l 1 3 . ci 12 . 8 ~~ -8 from 13 . 5 r ginal 13 . 2 13.8 11.3 13.3 12 . 3 13. 8 10.0 12 . 2 - - -- NORTI IVVESTERN UN+VffiSlTY 2 -1. 9 35.5 l:i . 11 23.4 NORTI !WESTERN UNIVERSITY p.3 FIGURE I INTENSITY OF GENERAL RELIEF * JULY 193 3 - JUNE 193 5 z 0 PERCENT UNDER 10 ~ t-:-:-:-:- j ~ ~ 10 - 14 .9 I mo lJ) -, ~ 15 - 19 .9 --l \C. m-· ::0 iii - zca' 20 ANO OVER z3 < m ::0 lJ) ~ l$TRATION FEPERAL EMERGENCY RELIEF AOMIN ANQ [!NAN CE DIVISION Of RESEAR!;H, STA!IS TIC$ * BASED ON AVERAGE RELIEF FIG\.IRES AND AVERAGE ESTIMATED POPU\.ATION ' NO. Af-98 7 - 40 z 0 ~ I ~ 30 mo l/l -- --l lO mrt :;;o ;:::;· z~ C z o'-< < m ~ z :;;o w a:: w . a. l/l o 20 ~ 10 - ~ - --- ~ "'-- ~ --~ / z 0 ~ I ~ mo l/l -, 0 m :::;· JUL -! co· :;;o ru z:::;; eel z3 < m 1933 OCT JAN APR JUL OCT APR JAN 1935 1934 FIGURE II l/l INTENSITY*OF GENERAL RELIEF IN THE UNITED STATES ~ JULY 1933-JUNE 1935 :;;o * PERCENTAGE OF ESTIMATED POPULATION ON RELIEF FEDERAL EMERGENCY RELIEF ADMINISTRATJ.QN DIVISION OF RESEARCH STAnST.ICS ANP FINANCE · NO. AF-989 JUN FIGURE m RELIEF ~:~ L A R E N E G F O INT ENSITY R 193 3 2 0 JU L Y -D E C E M ~ :J: BE ~ mo -- l/') a -;< m; ::;. · ;,;:,;::;;· <D 2 a. C o2' < < m ;,;:, l/') ~ :~: ~:: ~: ~: ~:::::::::::::: 2 0 1 ~ ~1 · • ·• • • • • ·•· · · · · }l'li1;l:;,·;~m~, ~ mo l/') ..... :il!l!iii[l~ii:(\\\\\\\\\l\l PE RC EN T 10 f-:::-:-:- J UNDER ~ 10 -14 .9 -;( Q· l!§§§lll 1s -1 9 .9 ;,;:, ~ - 20 ANO OVER m -- z...., co 3 2 < m ;,;:, l/') ~ N ADMINISTRATIO GENCY RELIEF FEDERA L EMER O FINANCE ST AT IST ICS AN SEARCH , DIVISION OF RE FIGURES ERAGE RELIEF ~' BASED ON AV PULATION PO ED AT ESTIM ANO AVERAGE NO. AF - 991 FIGURE .nz: ~~ INTENSITY OF GENERAL RELIEF FOR YEA R 193 4 z 0 PERC ENT UNDER I 0 ~ f_ -:-:->:l ~ ~ 10 - 14.9 l/) --, ~ 15 - 19. 9 I mo -I'°. m-· ::x:, iii; - z::::;; 2 0 AN O OVER co z3 < m ::x:, l/) ~ ISTRATION FEDERAL EMERGENCY RELIEF ADMIN AND FINANCE DIVISION OF RESEARCH, STATI STICS ES BASED ON AVERAGE RE LIEF FIGUR ION AND AVE RAGE ESTIMATED POPULAT NO. AF - 993 FIGURE JZ: INTENSITY OF GENERAL RELIEF z 0 ~ JANUARY THROUGH I ::c JUNE 1935 ~ mo l/) - · ..., <e. m~ :::0 N z~ C o- z < m '< ;::o • l/) ~ z 0 ~ I ~ j:-:-:-:-:-j l/) ..... - mo -i <C. m-· ::::, ;::o OJ zca' z3 < m ;::o PERCENT UNDER 10 ~ 10 - 14 .9 ml88I 15 - 19 .9 20 AND OVER l/) ~ FEDERAL EMERGENCY RELIEF ADMINISMATION DIVISION OF RESEARCH, STATISTICS AND iftNAN CE * BASED ON AVERAGE REl.ltF FIGURES AND AVERAGE ESTIMATED ' POPULATION ..... NO. AF-995 1933 .UL OCT 1934 JAN APR JUL OCT 1935 1933 1934 JAN APR JUN JUL OCT JAN APR JUL OCT I l I L I MAINE 1935 1933 l ~kI I I JAN APR _,!lN VL\bj_,,-~ 7 --=---l_ ,__ ,. .: ,_f - .-:---1-----~ - ~ --7- /: I ✓ I - I I I KENTUCKY I I DELAWARE NEW HAMPSHIRE I 1~5 J I I O JUL OCT FLORIDA PENNS YLVANIA ,,~L--;~f--:- ------:::: JAN APR 7 1 301-----+--+-+--+----+--+-+----J 20 1---~--+---+-~-t---+--+----< 1934 JAN APR ,JLtl JUL OCT I 301-----+--+-,---+,--+--+--1---+----I I I 201---+----+---+--I----+--+--+----< I 1------------- 1 10 ~ p ~ L 'I '--l-__,1 _ ___..... y ['I._ --J \ 01---+---+I --,-+---+--+-+------I I I' I -- - ,__I/) -----1-- -- ~ I/ \ V'\ V- --, -1------'---l_ k."",,._1_,,, l I TENNESSEE MAR'l'LANO VERMONT I 301-------,---+-+--l-1 -+--+--+----J 2 01--- + - - + - - - + - - - - - + - - + - - + ----< 10 - . ., ___ 1--+ --T--T--TL ,------_J"1______ ~-<~~ ~"-:::::.~--:.::::s,'l __:.:.:. . -!' I I ........ ,. I I ..... ••• , DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA - r ~T - - ~ r--,.._ ~ I/ I Ot---+--1-1 -+l- -li ---+l--+--+--I I I I MASSACHUSETTS I ALABAMA VIRGINIA 301---+--+--+--i---+--+--+--I 201---+--+---+--I----+--+--+----< ot---+--+--+--1------1-----1--+--1 RHODE ISLAND 301----+--+--+--l---+--+--+--I 20 - ,,,,.-----,--r--- ,o~ ~- .... /;------------~ I :t'-~~ ~ -✓- Tl I 01----+---1---....,--1-1 ----1-,--+--+--I r --l - I - ~ --~~---;----1 .__ ~ h,.L._._ 1 -+--+--+--I 301----+--+--+--l-- i _ I _.._ I I I ARKANSAS NORTH CAROLINA CONNECTICUT ..... MISSISSIPPI I --. \Y; V"T:"_L ----l_ ...=,_. ~,--+-:;- ✓- :..-- ____ - WEST VIRGINIA I I \. I\ ~ I . - - _---- 1- ,,., --1---I ..... .... r-- ,...~ ""1) [7~1--!--"'- -,,._-- ~ --•4 I SOUTH CAROLINA 1--\ ,...::, _ I V~ _\ F-----_ ~-- - O•t----l--+---+1--+-+--l---+----I 1--- ~ I I JAN 1933 1934 1935 1933 APR --JUL OCT I ---- -- I 7 - n-~ r'---11 /:--,~---- ~~ _j_ ~ OKLAHOhlA I ~-u"'L-o""c""'T_JA._N_A,P-;.,,R--,J.,.UL_O..,.C"'"T....... JA"'N,....,., AP"'R,....-J ... N JUL OCT -~- I ---~--~ / I T ~-- 201-----+--+--+--+---+--+--+--I I I ~-_::-_ - 301---------+----+---+--+----+--+--+----< 10' ._. 4-\ I ,GEORG I A / NEW JERSE'I' I LOUISIANA - 30•1----+---+--+--+--+--+---+----< 20 1--------+---+---+--+---+--+---+----< -C-- f\.., ....:-,_ r NEW 'l'ORK j ~ - I Ot-----+--+--+--+---+, -1---+----I 1934 -- P--~--r- -~ rf'S v JAN APR JUN JUL OCT 1935 1933 JAN APR I -, JUL -OCT 1934 JAN Al 'R JU N 1935 FIGURE :llI INTENSITY* OF GENERAL RELIEF, JULY 1933-JUNE 1935 * PERCENTAGE OF ESTIMATED POPULATION ON RELIEF FE_QERAL EM_~RGEN.CY R_tLIEF ADMINISTRATION DIVISION Of RESEARCH STATISTICS ANO FINANCE --STATE - - - - UNITED STATES DIVISION OF SOCIAL RESEARCH NO AF-997 Digitized by Original from NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY 1933 1934 JUL OCT JAN APR 1935 JUL OCT 1933 JAN APR JUN JUL OCT 1934 JAN APR JUL 1935 1933 JAN APR JUN JUL OCT OCT 1934 JAN APR I I MISSOURI l TEXAS I I I COLORADO .,,.i----,._ 20 t-----t----+--+----+--+--±:---+--t .,,. 1or\:_4~ ~ 01---+--+----+--+--t---+--1 OHIO 30 - l - -- - 20 - - - --+---t-----+- ~-- .... --+--- _---+----1 ....-=:::- ~ ~,r-- ~ - ---✓1 ~ .,~: -~J~ /\/\ 4+-" ~. ll✓,, . -------- --1- i _ __L -I - 1.r---,__,,("1-........ SOUTH DAKOTA _J V ~\J--J / I I ✓-- L--L - f\ I I I- - I r I - - ' I ,m I ,_ f _i__ -f's ------...... __ -t-- ~ ~ -1 ... ., ' IN DIANA I NEW MEXICO I J o t----'---+--<-l -+-l--+--+---+---1 I I I NORTH DAKOTA I I L--l--1---- ""'- I I +---+--+----l - I - 30 t----+--+--+--+--t--+--+---I v---------::~ ~.-..,,----- 1935 JAN APR JUN JUL OCT ti ~ RIZ~NA I I I I I ,~ ,:::;:::. -- - _- 1 "_,,--------r -==- 0----------------1 ILLINOIS 30 ,____,__ _ _7,__-+---+-->---+-----t NEBRASKA I - 20 ---+--+----+--+--+----+-----t I ... IO .,_..,.~ ~ _ 1- z J UJ ~ ~ 0 30 - I NEVADA I KANSAS - - -+--+---~--+-------+--------< !./"'-,.. ,o :-::---:L"' -~ I \_ - ---:;;,"'~~-- :--. 0------------- , ,----~ _,,,.. ~rto1 __ ,. --.:::.~ -~ -1<-+--+----+--+--+--'I I1 -Il---i---+l---+---i---+---1 01----1-- - - -- ---- j - -- -- ✓, -----r_;.::;--°'i- "' - - -'-t-.......,1 -_...... - - I I WASHINGTON I 30 ~ -L 20 1-----ll - -- -..:._.... MONTANA WISCONSIN 10 - ~- - _, I MICHIGAN 20 - - - ----, / ,,,.------c,::::;:--~ ;--..... ~·~./J __ l--1------I - _.,,. --7 , LI .... ./ UTAH ~- k - ~---'--- ----1, I t::-- C',,. - - I '/ MINNESOTA ~ • --..,---c:.:- .... , -I I IOAHO --- I ' OREGON 30 >----+---+--t----+---+--t----+----I I r, __ 1, ~- ~,, -..,. -t. """---r?" 1-- -- r,..._ oi---+- _ ,- J +--+---+-+--+---+---1 - ..._ - JU\.. OC"I +-------+---+-- --+------+---< Jf>.N 1934 to.I'\\ JU\.. OCT 1--"""'tr. I ~- " -T~ 1933 r:::....~~ I WYOMING IOWA 20 .::J/ ;:-------_;.:;.--=: l .......__ -!'I...-"", Jto.N !>.PR .J.lN JUL ~ 1935 1933 Jto.N 1934 ..-.~ -.J.lL OCT I I CALIFORNIA .,.'f~ APR 1 ____)I ~--T--f~ Jto.11 IIPR JUN JUL OCT 1935 ,-":" 7 1933 JAN 1934 I APFI JIJL OCT JAN Al'R JUN 1935 FIG-UAE-· m INTENSITY*OF GENERAL RELIEF, JULY 1933-JUNE 1935 •PERCENTAGE OF ESTIMATED POPULATION ON REUEF' FEDERAL EMERGENCY RELIEF ADM INISTRAT ION DIVIS ION OF RESEARCH STATISTIC S ANO FINAN CE - - S T AT E - - - - UNIT ED STAT ES NO. AF - 999 Digitized by Original from NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY Digitized by Original from NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY