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A 3 ,3 / m Injuries to Construction Laborers U.S. Department of Labor INDUSTRY A:\3 iCi Injuries to Construction Laborers U.S. Department of Labor William E. Brock, Secretary Bureau of Labor Statistics Janet L. Norwood, Commissioner March 1986 Bulletin 2252 F o r sa le by th e S u p erin ten d en t of D ocu m en ts, U .S. Government Printing Office Washington, D.C. 20402 Preface This bulletin summarizes the results of a survey of construction laborers who were injured on the job in the month of October 1983. The findings of this survey will assist the Occupational Safety and Health Administra tion (OSHA) in developing safety standards, com pliance strategy, and training programs for reducing work-related injuries. The survey was conducted by the Bureau’s Office of Occupational Safety and Health Statistics, in coopera tion with the following State agencies: Nebraska Workmen’s Compensation Court, Statistics Section New Mexico Occupational Health and Safety Bureau > North Carolina Department of Commerce, In dustrial Commission Industrial Commission of Ohio, Division of Safety and Hygiene Oregon Workers’ Compensation Department, Research and Statistics Section Tennessee Department of Labor,, Division of Labor Standards, Research Section ' ’ Texas Industrial Accident Board and Department of Health Utah Industrial Commission, Statistics Division Vermont Department of Labor and Industry Virginia Department of Labor and Industry, Divi sion of Research and Statistics Washington Department of Labor and Industries, Industrial Insurance Division, Data Analysis Sec tion Wisconsin Department of Industry, Labor, and Human Relations, Workers’ Compensation Divi sion Wyoming Department of Labor and Statistics, Research and Statistics Section The following offices of the Occupational Safety and Health Administration of the UPSK Department of Labor contributed to the planniti&a&d development of the survey: Compliance, Standards Development, Statistical Studies and Analysis, Regulatory Analysis, and Training. The Office of Safety Research of the Na tional Institute for Occupational Safety and Health also contributed. The analysis of the survey findings was prepared by Helen McDonald. Lyn Pearson developed the computer tabulations. A list of other Work Injury Reports published since 1978 appears at the end of this bulletin. Material in this publication is in the public domain and, with appropriate credit, may be reproduced without permission. Alaska Department of Labor, Workers’ Compen sation Division Industrial Commission of Arizona, Division of Ad ministrative Management, Research and Statistics Arkansas Workers’ Compensation Commission California Department of Industrial Relations, Division of Labor Statistics and Research Colorado Department of Labor and Employment, Division of Labor/Statistics Delaware Department of Labor, Division of In dustrial Affairs, OSH Statistics Section Hawaii Department of Labor and Industrial Rela tions, OSH Research Section Iowa Bureau of Labor, Research and Statistics Kentucky Labor Cabinet, Occupational Safety and Health Program Maine Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Standards Maryland Department of Licensing and Regula tion, Division of Labor and Industry, Research and Statistics Unit Michigan Department of Labor, MIOSHA Infor mation Section Missouri Department of Labor and Industrial Rela tions, Division of Workers’ Compensation, Statistical Section Montana Department of Labor and Industry, Workers’ Compensation Division, Statistical Sec tion iii Contents Page Introduction.......................................................................................................................... 1 Survey results........................................................................................................................ 1 Limitations of the data......................................................................................................... 5 Chart 1: Industry distribution of injured construction laborers, 1983 .................................. Chart 2: Age comparison of injured construction laborers and all construction laborers, 1983 ................................................................................ Chart 3: Length of service with employer: Injured construction laborers, 1983 .................. Chart 4: Length of service in industry: Injured construction laborers, 1983 ........................ 2 2 3 3 Tables: Injuries to construction laborers, selected States, October 1983: 1. Industry and type of work....................................................................................... 2. Location on job site and length of time on site at time of accident........................... 3. Type of accident...................................................................................................... 4. Source of injury...................................................................................................... 5. Tools and heavy equipment used when injured...................................................... 6. Personal protective equipment worn....................................................................... 7. Nature of injury...................................................................................................... 8. Part of body affected............................................................................................... 9. Estimated days away from w o rk ............................................................................ 10. Length of hospitalization required........................................................................... 11. Conditions or factors contributing to the accident................................................... 12. Training information.............................................................................................. 13. Accident prevention................................................................................................ 14. Activity at time of accident..................................................................................... 15. Length of service.................................................................................................... 16. Sex of worker......................................................................................................... 17. Age of worker......................................................................................................... 6 7 8 9 11 12 13 14 15 15 16 17 18 19 20 20 20 Appendixes: A. Survey explanatory note............................................................................................... B. Participating State agencies......................................................................................... C. Survey questionnaire .................................................................................................. 21 23 24 v Injuries to Construction Laborers Introduction Nearly 1 out of 5 workers in the construction industry is classified as a laborer. Laborers include the “ helpers” who assist the carpenters, electricians, masons, or other craft workers, and the workers who do the shoveling, lifting, carrying, and a variety of other jobs which re quire relatively few skills. Indicative of the many ac tivities laborers perform, 286 jobs were listed in the 1970 Bureau of the Census Index of Occupations under the heading “ Construction Laborers.” These laborers work in an industry that had an overall occupational injury incidence rate of 14.7 per 100 full-time workers in 1983, almost twice the national rate of 7.5, and higher than any other industry division.1 In fact, construction laborers are injured about 2Vi times more frequently than the general work force.2 At the request of the Occupational Safety and Health Administration, the Bureau of Labor Statistics surveyed a sample of these workers to obtain more information on the actions and hazards associated with their work injuries. Injured workers were asked to describe their activity, tools or equipment used, and location at the time of the accident. As a measure of the severity of the workers’ injuries, information was obtained on the number of days lost from work, the length of hospitalization required, the nature of the injury, and the part of the body affected. Workers also indicated how much training and experience they had with their employer and in construction in general. Finally, they were asked about worksite conditions or other factors thought to contribute to the accident and what they felt would be the best preventive measures. tures where repair or remodeling work was in process (table 1). A similar proportion occurred during new construction of nonbuilding structures such as walls, towers, or parking lots. Next in frequency were injuries during site clearance and demolition work, road building or repair, sewer or pipeline work, and bridge or tunnel construction. Although most injuries occurred at ground or floor level, 22 percent of the workers were at elevations when their injuries occurred (table 2). The most common elevated locations were scaffolds, ladders, and roofs. About 7 percent of the injuries took place in trenches. Age and experience. Younger construction laborers are more likely to be injured than older laborers. Seventyeight percent of the injured workers were under 35 years of age, compared with 63 percent of all construction laborers (chart 2). The construction laborers who were injured had shorter job tenures than most construction laborers: 74 percent of those injured had less then 1 year’s ex perience (chart 3). Only 44 percent of all construction laborers had this short a length of service on their cur rent job.3 More than one-half of the injured laborers had been at the particular job site less than 1 month (table 2). Furthermore, 1 out of 8 injuries occurred to workers on their first day at the site. However, more than three-fourths of the injured had been in the industry longer than 1 year, and two-fifths had 5 or more years of service in the industry (chart 4). Type o f accident, activity, and source o f injury. Onefourth of the workers were injured as a result of being struck by objects (table 3). Overexertion was the cause of about one-fifth of the injuries. Falls from elevations, striking against objects, and getting caught in or bet ween objects were each responsible for about one-tenth of the injuries. More than one-half of the injuries due to overexertion occurred to workers whose primary task was lifting, carrying, or moving objects (text table 1). Another job associated with overexertion was shovel ing. Falls from elevations occurred most often to laborers who were actually building or installing forms or parts of the structure and to workers who were walk ing or climbing from one work area to another. Other impact injuries (being struck by or striking against ob- Survey results Industry and type o f work. General building contractors (residential and industrial buildings) had the largest pro portion of injuries to laborers, followed by special trade contractors (plumbing, painting, electrical, and other specialty work). Heavy construction contractors, who are involved with projects such as highways, bridges, tunnels, and utility lines, had the smallest proportion (chart 1). Slightly more than one-third of the injuries occurred at sites where new buildings or houses were being erected. About 1 in 7 injuries happened at existing struc 1 Occupational Injuries and Illnesses in the United States by In dustry, Bulletin 2236 (Bureau of Labor Statistics, 1983). 2 “ BLS Develops Measure of Job Risk by Occupation,” Monthly Labor Review, October 1981, page 26. 3 BLS Office of Employment and Unemployment Statistics, un published data, January 1983. 1 Chart 2. Age com parison of injured construction laborers and all construction laborers, 1983 16-19 (1) Less than 1 percent. 20-24 25-34 35-44 Age 2 45-54 55-64 65 and over Chart 3. Length of service with em ployer: injured construction laborers, 1983 Percent Percent 40 - 40 30 - - 30 20 - - - lif e fmm* * 20 10 :'SV Less than 1 week 1 to 4 weeks 6 months to 1 year 1 to 6 months 1 to 5 years 5 years or more Chart 4. Length of service in construction industry: Injured construction laborers, 1983 Percent Percent Less than 1 week 1 to 4 weeks 1 to 6 months 6 months to 1 year 3 1 to 5 years 5 years orm ore Text table 1. Activity at time of accident: Injuries to construction laborers, selected States, October 1983 Type of accident Activity Total injured workers Struck against Struck by Fall from elevation Caught in, under, between Over exertion 100 100 24 55 Percent 100 100 100 29 21 25 100 11 11 11 14 27 11 3 8 17 9 9 10 2 Shoveling digging ................................................................................ 5 3 4 0 4 10 Climbing walking, running, not elsewhere classified......................... 7 13 2 29 4 1 All other activities................................................................................. 40 35 46 24 47 29 NOTE: Due to rounding, percentages may not add to 100. appendix A for the scope of the survey. See SOURCE: Survey questionnaires, workers. About one-half of the sprains were due to overexertion (text table 2). Fractures, cuts, and bruises were most often caused by the impact of falling, swing ing, or flying objects. Injuries to the arms, hands, and fingers were sustain ed by nearly three-tenths of the workers (table 8). About one-fifth of the workers suffered back injuries. Eyes and legs each represented about one-tenth of the injury sites. More than three-fourths of the laborers lost days away from work as a result of their injuries (table 9).5 Based on the median, more than one-half of those reporting lost time were out of work for 10 or more days, with the average lost-time case resulting in 17 days away from work. One out of eight laborers indicated that they were hospitalized overnight after the accident, with an average hospital stay of 5 nights (table 10). jects) were more widely spread among the numerous ac tivities, indicating that these risks are not as concen trated within certain activities. Although more than 90 different objects and substances were identified as the source of injury, the most common were: Metal items (including pipes, fasteners, structural metal, and metal chips), 21 percent; working surfaces, 13 percent; nonpowered handtools, 8 percent; wood items and mineral items, 7 percent each; and powered handtools, 6 percent (table 4). Overall, on ly 14 percent of the workers were injured by tools, even though nearly one-half of the laborers were using tools at the time of injury, most frequently hammers, sledges, digging tools, and power saws (table 5). Personal protective equipment. Seventy-three percent of the injured construction laborers were wearing personal protective equipment (table 6). In comparison, other populations studied in high-risk industries have shown much higher usage rates: 98 percent of the injured workers in oil and gas drilling and servicing and 96 per cent of surveyed workers in the logging industry were wearing some safety gear.4 Among the injured construc tion laborers, gloves were the most common protection, worn by one-half of them. Less frequently used were: Hard hats, 44 percent; steel-toed shoes or boots, 35 per cent; eye protection, 18 percent; and ear plugs, 8 per cent. Factors contributing to accident. Nearly one-half of the workers cited hazardous conditions at the worksite as contributing to their accident (table 11). Slippery ground or floor surfaces were noted by 14 percent. Lack of sufficient space to work ranked almost as high. More than one-half of the laborers who cited lack of space were on ladders, scaffolds, or beams or in trenches, tun nels, vehicles, or other areas where movement may be difficult. Eight percent of the workers indicated weather condi tions contributed to the accident. An equal proportion faulted cluttered work areas. Next in frequency were tools or equipment being in bad condition and poor lighting. Interestingly, most of those who reported hazardous worksite conditions indicated that they were aware of the hazards prior to their injuries. Contributing factors of a more general nature were Nature o f injury, lost workdays, and hospitalization. Muscle sprains and strains topped the list of injuries, suffered by nearly 4 out of 10 injured laborers (table 7). Next were cuts, occurring in 1 out of 4 cases, followed by fractures and bruises, each cited by 1 out of 5 4 Injuries in Oil and Gas Drilling and Services, Bulletin 2179 5 See appendix A for differences in reporting requirements among (Bureau of Labor Statistics, 1983) and Injuries in the Logging In the States included in this study. dustry, Bulletin 2203 (Bureau of Labor Statistics, 1984). 4 Text table 2. Nature of injury by type of accident: Injuries to construction laborers, selected States, October 1983 Type of accident Total injured workers Nature of injury Struck against Fall from Struck by elevation Caught in, under, between Over exertion Other Percent Fracture ................................................................................................. 100 5 41 19 19 3 13 Cut, laceration, or puncture................................................................. 100 23 45 8 13 0 11 Bruise, contusion ................................................................................. 100 8 46 18 16 2 10 Muscle sprain or strain, torn ligament................................................ 100 6 8 15 5 51 14 Amputation ........................................................................................... 100 0 27 0 73 0 0 Concussion........................................................................................... 100 0 43 57 0 0 0 NOTE: Due to rounding, percentages may not add to 100. See appendix A for the scope of the survey. SOURCE: Survey questionnaires, cited by almost two- thirds of the injured workers. The fast pace of work and the heavy weight of objects being handled were each identified by more than one-fifth of the laborers. About 1 in 10 indicated faulty judgment of time or distance on their part, while an equal proportion placed at least part of the blame on their co-workers’ ac tions. Three other reasons were each cited in 1 out of 20 cases: Not having the right tools or equipment, fatigue, and inattention. they had not been given any information on hazardous chemicals or materials. Three-fifths of the laborers had taken vocational education in school or other technical training courses, and all but one-tenth of them reported that the courses provided information related to occupational safety and health. Safety hazards and related topics, such as the use of protective equipment, were covered more often than health topics. However, 7 out of 10 felt that these courses should provide more information on the possi ble safety and health risks in their jobs. Job and safety training. About three-fourths of the in jured construction laborers had received training for the type of work being done when injured, usually from their present or previous employers (table 12). However, less than one-half of the laborers indicated that their training covered safety instructions for that specific job. Two-thirds of the workers had been given on-the- job or other types of safety instructions, although they weren’t always related to the specific task being performed when they were hurt. Nearly four-fifths of the laborers had received no in formation on the health hazards of asbestos. Those who did usually cited their employers or the news media as their source of information. As noted below, however, workers involved in demolition or repair work, where the risk of asbestos exposure is higher than in new con struction, were somewhat more likely to have received this information: Accident prevention.The injured workers were asked how they thought their accident could have been prevented (table 13). About 1 in 5 suggested safer work procedures on their part. A similar proportion said more help was needed to do the job safely. Next in fre quency were: Making the work area safer, allowing more time for the work, using personal protective equipment, and having better or different tools or equipment to do the job. About three-tenths of the workers felt that it could not have been prevented, often commenting,“ It was a freak accident,” perhaps unaware of the overall frequency of occupational injuries. Limitations of the data The data in this survey represent the population of in jured construction laborers reported in the 27 cooperating States during the reference period of Oc tober 1983. However, the user should note the following limitations: States participating in data collection may not be representative of the country as a whole; govern ment is not included; reporting requirements for workers’ compensation reports, the source documents for selecting injuries for study, vary among States; and the reference period is not intended to represent the en tire year. Incidence rates of the injuries studied were not generated, nor can they be inferred from the data, because information on hours of work for the survey period is not available. See appendix A for scope and methodology of the survey. Information on asbestos Type o f work Total Provided Not provided (Percent) Site clearance or demolition .. . Repair work or remodeling . . . . Constructing new house, building, or structure.............. Road building, laying pipe, or sewer li n e ............................ Bridge or tunnel construction............................ 100 100 29 30 71 70 100 19 81 100 21 79 100 13 87 More than three-fourths of the workers indicated that 5 Table 1. Industry and type of work: Injuries to construction laborers, selected States, October 1983 Industry and type of work Total, 3,700 injured workers Percent 100 Industry General building contractors............................................................... General building contractors, uns..................................................... Residential building construction..................................................... Single-family housing construction ............................................. Residential construction, uns. or n.e.c......................................... Operative builders ............................................................................ Nonresidential building construction............................................... Industrial buildings and warehouses........................................... Nonresidential construction, uns. or n.e.c................................... 38 7 15 9 Heavy construction contractors................ Heavy construction contractors, uns..... Highway and street construction........... Heavy construction, except highway.... Bridge, tunnel, and elevated highway Water, sewer, and utility lines ........... Heavy construction, n.e.c................... 28 3 Special trade contractors.................................................................... Plumbing, heating, air conditioning ................................................. Electrical work .................................................................................. Masonry, stonework, and plastering............................................... Masonry, stonework, and plastering, uns.................................... Masonry and other stonework..................................................... Plastering, drywall, and insulation............................................... Terrazzo, tile, marble, mosaic work............................................ Carpentering...................................................................................... Roofing and sheet metal w o rk........................................................ Concrete work .................................................................................. Water well drilling............................................................................. Miscellaneous special trade contractors......................................... Structural steel erection ............................................................... Glass and glazing w ork................................................................ Excavating and foundation w ork................................................. Wrecking and demolition w ork.................................................... Installing building equipment, n.e.c.............................................. Special trade contractors, uns. or n.e.c........................................... 34 4 3 7 0 4 6 1 15 3 12 8 17 3 9 6 2 1 1 0 3 6 5 1 0 3 1 (’) 4 Type of work Site clearance or demolition............................................ Construction of new house or building............................ Construction of structure other than house or building .. Repair work or remodeling (including addition to house) Road building or repair..................................................... Bridge or tunnel construction........................................... Laying sewer lines or other pipelines.............................. O ther.................................................................................. 10 36 13 14 8 5 6 8 1 Less than 0.5 percent. n.e.c. = not elsewhere classified. uns. = unspecified. NOTE: Due to rounding, percentages may not add to 100. See appendix A for the scope of the survey. SOURCE: Industry obtained from State workers’ compensation reports; type of work obtained from survey questionnaires. 6 Table 2. Location on job site and length of time on site at time of accident: Injuries to construction laborers, selected States, October 1983 Location and length of time Total, 3,700 injured workers......................................................... Percent 100 Location Ground or floor level........................................................................... Ladder .................................................................................................. Scaffold................................................................................................. Stairs or steps...................................................................................... Tunnel ................................................................................................... Roof...................................................................................................... Beam, girder, or other area above ground level............................... In tank................................................................................................... In trench ............................................................................................... In or on vehicle.................................................................................... O ther.................................................................................................... Not at job s ite ...................................................................................... 62 5 6 1 1 4 6 (') 7 4 2 1 Length of time at job site First day at site .................................................................................... Less than 1 week................................................................................ 1 week to 1 month.............................................................................. 1 to 3 months ...................................................................................... More than 3 months ............................................................................ Not at job s ite ...................................................................................... 12 16 27 21 22 1 1 Less than 0.5 percent. NOTE: Due to rounding, percentages may not add to 100. See appendix A for the scope of the survey. SOURCE: Survey questionnaires. 7 Table 3. Type of accident: Injuries to construction laborers, selected States, October 1983 Type of accident Total, 3,700 injured workers Percent 100 Struck against............. Struck against, uns. Stationary object.... Moving object........ Struck by...................... Struck by, uns........ Falling object......... Flying object.......... Struck by, n.e.c...... 10 1 8 1 25 1 10 3 11 Fall from elevation.................... Fall from elevation, uns...... From scaffolds, etc............. From ladders...................... From piled materials ......... From vehicles..................... On stairs ............................. Into shafts, etc..................... Fall to lower level, n.e.c..... Fall on same level.................... Fall to the walkway, etc...... Fall onto or against objects Fall on same level, n.e.c. ... 11 O 2 2 O 1 1 1 3 7 4 3 O Caught in, under, between................................................................... Caught in, under, between, uns..................................................... Inrunning or meshing objects........................................................ Moving and stationary objects...................................................... Collapsing materials...................................................................... Caught in, under, between, n.e.c................................................... Rubbed or abraded.............................................................................. Rubbed or abraded, uns................................................................. Leaning, kneeling, etc..................................................................... Objects handled............................................................................. Foreign matter in eyes................................................................... Rubbed or abraded, n.e.c............................................................... Bodily reaction...................................................................................... Overexertion.......................................................................................... Overexertion, uns............................................................................ Lifting objects................................................................................. Pulling or pushing objects............................................................. Wielding or throwing objects......................................................... Overexertion, n.e.c.......................................................................... Contact with electric current................................................................ Contact with temperature extremes.................................................... Hot objects or substances............................................................ Contact with radiations, caustics, etc.................................................. Contact with radiations, caustics, etc., uns................................... By inhalation................................................................................... By absorption................................................................................. Contact with radiations, caustics, etc., n.e.c................................. Transportation accidents, other than motor vehicle......................... Highway motor vehicle accidents........................................................ Explosions ............................................................................................ Nonclassifiable...................................................................................... 1 8 2 1 3 1 0 0 2 7 1 6 (’) 3 22 2 10 3 5 2 O 2 2 3 O O 2 0 (1) (1) (’) 2 1 Less than 0.5 percent. n.e.c. = not elsewhere classified. uns. = unspecified. NOTE: Due to rounding, percentages may not add to 100. See appendix A for the scope of the survey. SOURCE: State workers’ compensation reports. 8 Table 4. Source of injury: Injuries to construction laborers, selected States, October 1983 Source of injury Percent 100 Total, 3,700 injured workers Animals, insects, etc.................... Bodily motion .............................. Boilers, pressure vessels............ Boxes, barrels, containers.......... Buildings and structures............. Ceramic item s............................. Chemicals, chemical compounds Clothing....................................... Coal and petroleum products.... Conveyors.................................... Electric apparatus....................... Flame, fire, smoke...................... Furniture, fixtures, etc.................. Glass items, n.e.c........................ (’) 3 1 3 4 1 2 0 2 0 1 0 0 Handtools, not powered ............... Handtools, not powered, uns. . Blow torch ............................... Chisel ...................................... Crowbar................................... Hammer.................................. Knife ........................................ Pick.......................................... Pliers........................................ Rope, chain ............................. Screwdriver.............................. Shovel..................................... Wrench.................................... Handtools, not powered, n.e.c. Handtools, powered...................... Handtools, powered, uns......... Grinder.................................... Drill .......................................... Hammer, tamper..................... Knife........................................ Saw.......................................... Handtools, powered, n.e.c...... 0 0 0 0 (') 0 0 0 0 0 (’) 0 Heat, atmospheric ...................................... Heating equipment (nonelectric), n.e.c....... Hoisting apparatus...................................... Ladders....................................................... Liquids, n.e.c................................................ Machines .................................................... Agitators, mixers.................................. Buffers, polishers, etc........................... Casting, forging, welding ..................... Drilling, boring ...................................... Highway construction, n.e.c................. Planers, shapers, molders................... Saws..................................................... Shears, slitters, slicers......................... Machines, n.e.c..................................... Mechanical power transmission apparatus 0 0 Metal items....................................... Metal items, uns......................... Automobile parts........................ Structural metal......................... Molten metal ............................. Pipe and fittings........................ Metal parts (except automobile) Metal fasteners......................... Metal binders ............................ Metal chips, splinters, particles Metal items, n.e.c....................... Mineral items, metallic, n.e.c........... Mineral items, nonmetallic, n.e.c..... Paper and pulp ................................ 21 0 o 0 0 0 0 0 0 (') 1 (’) 5 O 4 O 4 1 2 3 O 7 0 See footnotes at end of table. 9 Table 4. Source of injury: Injuries to construction laborers, selected States, October 1983— Continued Source of injury Particles (unidentified)............................. Plants, trees, vegetation......................... Plastic items, n.e.c................................... Pumps and prime movers ...................... Radiating substances and equipment.... Soaps, detergents, etc., n.e.c................. Silica........................................................ Scrap, debris, waste materials, n.e.c...... Textile items, n.e.c................................... Vehicles ............................................... Highway vehicles, powered......... Plant or industrial vehicles .......... Rail vehicles................................. Vehicles, n.e.c................................ Wood item s......................................... Wood items, uns............................ Logs............................................... Lumber......................................... . Skids, pallets................................ Wood items, n.e.c.......................... Working surfaces.................... Working surfaces, uns...... Floor................................. Ground .............................. Ramps.............................. Roofs................................ Runways, platforms......... Sidewalks, paths, etc........ Stairs, steps...................... Street, road ...................... Working surfaces, n.e.c. ... Person.................................... Rubber products..................... Miscellaneous, n.e.c................ Nonclassifiable........................ Percent 1 0 0 1 1 0 O 0 4 2 2 O (’) O O 0 i 13 2 2 7 0 O (’) 0 1 0 0 0 2 3 1 Less than 0.5 percent. n.e.c. = not elsewhere classified. uns. = unspecified. NOTE: Due to rounding, percentages may not add to 100. See appendix A for the scope of the survey. SOURCE: State workers’ compensation reports. 10 Table 5. Tools and heavy equipment used when injured: Injuries to construction laborers, selected States, October 1983 Tools and heavy equipment Percent Tool worker was using Total, 3,700 injured workers 100 15 Powered to o l............. Drill ......................... Grinder................... Jackhammer.......... Nail gun ................. Saw ........................ Tamper................... Stapler.................... Welding tools, torch Other powered tool 2 1 3 1 4 1 Nonpowered to o l.......................................... Cart, d olly.................................................. Crowbar, pry b ar....................................... Float.......................................................... Hammer, sledge, mallet............................ K n ife ................................................................. Pliers, tongs .............................................. Rope, chain............................................... Scissors, shears, cutters.......................... Shovel, spade, pick, or other digging tool Trowel, putty knife.................................... Wheelbarrow............................................. Wrench ...................................................... Other nonpowered tool............................. Nonpowered tool, uns............................... No tools (’) 1 3 32 (’) 2 O 10 1 1 1 1 7 1 2 2 4 1 53 Heavy equipment or vehicle worker was operating Total, 3,700 injured workers............................................... Pickup truck, van, car, or jeep................... Concrete mixer (mobile) ............................ Cement mixer (stationary) .......................... Dump truck.................................................. Road paving equipment............................. Tractor (wheel)............................................ Tractor (track) ............................................. Bulldozer..................................................... Other earth moving equipment................. Crane, hoist, or conveyor.......................... Pump, blower, or compressor................... Other heavy equipment ............................. Not operating heavy equipment or vehicle See footnotes at end of table. 11 100 0 (’) 0 0 0 (’) 0 0 97 Table 5. Tools and heavy equipment used when injured: Injuries to construction laborers, selected States, October 1983— Continued Tools and heavy equipment Percent To worker’s knowledge, safety features of heavy equipment or vehicle Total, 130 injured workers Backup alarms.................................................... Cage or cover to protect against falling objects Rollover protection.............................................. Seat belt .............................................................. Emergency stop or deadman switch ................. Machine guards or belt guards in use............... Other safety features.......................................... (12) 17 18 18 15 17 Not aware of any safety features 33 1 Less than 0.5 percent. 2 Because more than one response is possible, the sum of the percentages may not equal 100. Percentages are based on the total number of persons who answered the question. uns. = unspecified. NOTE: Dashes indicate no data were reported. Due to rounding, percent ages may not add to 100. See appendix A for the scope of the survey. SOURCE: Survey questionnaires. Table 6. Personal protective equipment worn: Injuries to construction laborers, selected States, October 1983 Protective equipment Total, 3,700 injured workers.......................................................... Percent (') Hard h a t................................................................................. Gloves.................................................................................... Steel-toed safety shoes or steel-toed boots ....................... Steel plate in sole of shoes.................................................. Safety glasses, goggles, or other eye protection ............... Ear plugs or other hearing protection................................... Welder’s hood or welder’s shield......................................... Respirator or protective mask .............................................. Safety belt tied off to lanyard and/or lifeline ...................... Safety belt not tied off to lanyard and lifeline..................... Guardrails or safety railings at heights or around openings Seat belt ................................................................................. Other ....................................................................................... 44 50 35 5 18 8 1 4 1 (2) 1 (2) 3 Not wearing or using protective equipment 27 1 Because more than one response is possible, the sum of the percentages may not equal 100. Percentages are based on the total number of persons who answered the question. 2 Less than 0.5 percent. NOTE: See appendix A for the scope of the survey. SOURCE: Survey questionnaires. 12 Table 7. Nature of injury: Injuries to construction laborers, selected States, October 1983 Nature of injury Total, 3,700 injured workers......................................................... Fracture................................................................................................. Cut, laceration, or puncture................................................................. Bruise, contusion................................................................................. Muscle sprain or strain, torn ligament................................................ Heat burn.............................................................................................. Chemical burn...................................................................................... Amputation ........................................................................................... Object in eye(s) ................................................................................... Concussion........................................................................................... O ther..................................................................................................... Percent O 19 25 20 38 2 1 1 9 1 7 1 Because more than one response is possible, the sum of the percentages may not equal 100. Percentages are based on the total number of persons who answered the question. NOTE: See appendix A for the scope of the survey. SOURCE: Survey questionnaires. 13 Table 8. Part of body affected: Injuries to construction laborers, selected States, October 1983 Part of body Total, 3,700 injured workers Percent 100 15 1 1 0 9 2 (’) 0 1 1 28 0 4 2 O 1 1 0 3 7 12 1 26 O 1 19 2 1 2 1 24 O 10 2 1 6 1 (’) (’) 4 6 3 1 5 1 1 Head.................... Head, uns...... Brain............. Ear(s)............ Eye(s)........... Face ............. Scalp ............ Head, multiple Head, n.e.c. ... Neck Upper extremities .................... Upper extremities, uns....... Arm(s)................................ Arm(s), uns....................... Upper arm(s) .................. Elbow(s) .......................... Forearm(s) ...................... Arm(s), n.e.c.................... Wrist(s).............................. Hand(s) .............................. Finger(s)............................. Upper extremities, multiple Trunk.................... Trunk, uns....... Abdomen ....... Back .............. Chest............. Hip(s)............. Shoulder(s) .... Trunk, multiple Lower extremities .................... Lower extremities, uns....... Leg(s)................................. Leg(s), uns....................... Thigh(s) ........................... Knee(s)............................ Lower leg(s).................... Leg(s), multiple............... Leg(s), n.e.c..................... Ankle(s).............................. Foot or fe e t....................... Toe(s)................................ Lower extremities, multiple Multiple parts Body system Nonclassifiable 1 Less than 0.5 percent. n.e.c. = not elsewhere classified. uns. = unspecified. NOTE: Due to rounding, percentages may not add to 100. See appendix A for the scope of the survey. SOURCE: State workers’ compensation reports. 14 Table 9. Estimated days away from work: Injuries to construction laborers, selected States, October 1983 Days away from work Percent Total, 3,700 injured workers......................................................... 100 No days away from work .................................................................... 1 to 5 days .......................................................................................... 6 to 10 days ..................................................................................... 11 to 15 days ..................................................................................... 16 to 20 days ................................................................................... 23 25 11 7 4 3 4 3 6 2 26 to 30 days....................................................................................... 31 to 40 days ..................................................................................... 41 to 60 days ............................................................................ More than 60 days.............................................................................. Lost-time cases for which days away from work were not estimated ......................................................................................... Mean days away from work per lost-workday case.......................... 12 17 NOTE: Due to rounding, percentages may not add to 100. See appendix A for the scope of the survey. SOURCE: Survey questionnaires. Table 10. Length of hospitalization required: Injuries to construction laborers, selected States, October 1983 Length of hospitalization Percent Total, 3,700 injured workers......................................................... 100 No hospitalization required.................................................................. 1 night.................................................................................................. 2 nights................................................................................................ 3 nights................................................................................................ 4 nights................................................................................................. 5 nights................................................................................................. 6 nights................................................................................................. 7 nights................................................................................................. 8 nights................................................................................................. 9 nights................................................................................................ 10 nights............................................................................................... 11 nights or m ore................................................................................ Hospitalized cases for which length of hospitalization was not estimated ........................................................................................... 88 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 Mean length (nights) of hospitalization per hospitalized case......... 5 1 Less than 0.5 percent. NOTE: Due to rounding, percentages may not add to 100. See appendix A for the scope of the survey. SOURCE: Survey questionnaires. 15 Table 11. Conditions or factors contributing to the accident: Injuries to construction laborers, selected States, October 1983 Conditions or factors workers felt contributed to accident Percent Worksite conditions Total, 3,700 injured workers 0 Weather at time of accident.................................................... Slippery ground or floor surface.............................................. No guardrails or safety railings................................................ Working in a limited area or space......................................... Poor lighting.............................................................................. Cluttered work area.................................................................. Tools or equipment in bad condition or not working properly Structure was broken or in bad condition............................... Not enough ventilation.............................................................. O ther.......................................................................................... 8 14 3 13 4 8 6 3 No conditions at worksite led to accident 54 1 6 Worker awareness of conditions prior to accident Total, 3,700 injured workers............................................... Not aware of these conditions .................. Aware of a ll of the conditions indicated.... Aware of som e of the conditions indicated No conditions at worksite led to accident 100 9 30 5 55 Other contributing factors Total, 3,700 injured workers.......................................................... Co-worker’s activity.............................................................................. Working too fa s t................................................................................... Tool or equipment not right for jo b ..................................................... Working when tired or fatigued ........................................................... Working when under stress ................................................................. Lifting, pushing, or moving an object that was too heavy or bulky ... Misjudged time or distance needed to avoid injury........................... Not paying full attention to work or distracted................................... Not given proper training or instructions for jo b ................................ Too noisy.............................................................................................. O ther..................................................................................................... No other factors contributed to accident1 (') 10 21 6 5 3 22 11 5 3 1 6 36 1 Because more than one response is possible, the sum of the percentages may not equal 100. Percentages are based on the total number of persons who answered the question. NOTE: Due to rounding, percentages may not add to 100. See appendix A for the scope of the survey. SOURCE: Survey questionnaires. 16 Table 12. Training information: Injuries to construction laborers, selected States, October 1983 Training information Percent Source of training for work being done when injured Total, 3,700 injured workers Present supervisor or employer............................ Previous supervisor or employer.......................... Co-worker (other than supervisor) ....................... School teacher or military instructor.................... Other ...................................................................... Never received any training for this type of work 0 34 28 21 6 3 26 Whether training included safety instructions for work being done when injured Total, 3,700 injured workers........................................................ N o ........................................................................... Yes ......................................................................... Don’t remember.................................................... Never received any training for this type of work 100 23 44 6 26 How safety instructions were given Total, 3,700 injured workers......................................................... Never received safety instructions...................... Printed materials (safety manual, textbook, etc.) In school or other type of classroom instruction On the job ........................................................... Safety meetings................................................... O ther..................................................................... (1) 33 10 6 51 23 2 Information on the health hazards of asbestos Total, 3,700 injured workers............................................ 100 Provided information on asbestos......................................... No information provided ........................................................ 22 78 Information on hazardous chemicals Total, 3,700 injured workers.................................. Provided information on hazardous chemicals........... No information provided ............................................... 100 23 77 Vocational education or other technical training courses received Total, 3,700 injured workers..................................................... None................................................................................................. In school.......................................................................................... Through union................................................................................. In military ......................................................................................... In apprentice program..................................................................... In other program............................................................................. See footnotes at end of table. 17 (’) 40 49 7 10 6 6 Table 12. Training information: Injuries to construction laborers, selected States, October 1983— Continued Training information Percent Safety or health information provided in these courses Total, 2,230 injured workers Safety hazards worker might find on the job ..................................... Health hazards worker might find on the job such as fumes, asbestos, etc.......................................................................................... How to recognize, avoid, or prevent unsafe or unhealthy conditions on the job .......................................................................................... When and how to use personal protective equipment such as gloves, hard hat, etc........................................................................... When and how to use a respirator..................................................... Other safety or health information ...................................................... None...................................................................................................... O 69 36 52 62 25 12 11 Workers’ opinions on whether courses should provide more information on safety and health risks found on the job Total, 2,230 injured workers........................................................ Should provide more information ..... Should not provide more information 100 70 30 1 Because more than one response is possible, the sum of the percentages may not equal 100. Percentages are based on the total number of persons who answered the question. NOTE: Due to rounding, percentages may not add to ItJO. See appendix A for the scope of the survey. SOURCE: Survey questionnaires. Table 13. Accident prevention: Injuries to construction laborers, selected States, October 1983 Accident prevention Percent Actions, methods, or procedures that worker feels would have prevented accident Total, 3,700 injured workers Making area safer before working ...................... More or better safety training.............................. Using personal protective equipment ................. Using safer work procedures on worker’s part ... Having company enforce safe work procedures Using guardrails or other types of fall protection Better or different tools or equipment................ More time to do job ......................................... Better supervision................................................. More help to do job ............................................. Other ..................................................................... Do not think it could have been prevented ....... (’) 15 8 14 21 11 5 13 15 7 19 7 29 1 Because more than one response is possible, the sum of the percentages may not equal 100. Percentages are based on the total number of persons who answered the question. NOTE: See appendix A for the scope of the survey. SOURCE: Survey questionnaires. 18 Table 14. Activity at time of accident: Injuries to construction laborers, selected States, October 1983 Activity Total, 3,700 injured workers Manually lifting, carrying, moving ....................................................... Decking............................................................................................. Brick, block, flagstone ..................................................................... Concrete, mortar ............................................................................. Doors, cabinets, windows ............................................................... Lumber, plywood, wood trusses, or forms..................................... Pipe ................................................................................................... Steel beams..................................................................................... Tar, asphalt...................................................................................... Wallboard, dry-wall, sheetrock........................................................ Rebars .............................................................................................. Structural items or building supplies, n.e.c...................................... Rocks, gravel, shrubs, plants ......................................................... Trash, rubble, scrap......................................................................... Tools, equipment.............................................................................. O ther................................................................................................. Unknown........................................................................................... Mechanically lifting, carrying, moving items Mixing, pouring, spreading, or applying.............. Concrete, cement............................................. Asphalt, ta r........................................................ Caulking, putty, grout, plaster, joint compound O ther................................................................. Assembling, disassembling, or moving scaffold........................... Chipping, grinding........................................................................... Shoveling, digging .......................................................................... Painting, sanding ............................................................................ Breaking up or cutting concrete, asphalt, brick, rocks, etc.......... Building or installing forms or parts of the structure (walls, roof, floor, siding)................................................................................. Disassembling or tearing down forms or parts of structure (walls, roof, floor, siding) ............................................................ Cleaning or repairing tools, equipment, or vehicles .................... Assembling or setting up tools or equipment.............................. General maintenance or cleanup.................................................. Electrical work or assisting electrician.......................................... Operating mobile equipment.............................. Laying pipe......................................................... Road paving work, n.e.c..................................... Repointing mortar, cleaning mortar from bricks Welding............................................................... Cutting................................................................. Climbing, walking, running, n.e.c........................ Other ..................................................................................................... Unknown............................................................................................... Percent 100 29 1 2 2 (') 6 2 1 1 1 1 5 0 1 4 2 0 4 5 4 1 0 0 2 1 0 5 3 11 8 3 3 3 1 1 3 0 (’) 1 3 7 5 (1) ’ Less than 0.5 percent. n.e.c. = not elsewhere classified. NOTE: Due to rounding, percentages may not add to 100. See appendix A for the scope of the survey. SOURCE: Survey questionnaires. 19 Table 15. Length of service: Injuries to construction laborers, selected States, October 1983 Length of service Percent Total, 3,700 injured workers 100 Length of service with employer Less than 1 week .. 1 to 4 weeks ......... 1 to 6 months ....... 6 months to 1 year 1 to 5 years.......... 5 years or m ore.... 6 18 38 12 17 10 Length of service in construction Less than 1 week....................................................... 1 to 4 weeks .............................................................. 1 to 6 months ............................................................ 6 months to 1 year..................................................... 1 to 5 years................................................................ 5 years or m ore.......................................................... 1 3 11 8 37 40 NOTE: Due to rounding, percentages may not add to 100. See appendix A for the scope of the survey. SOURCE: Survey questionnaires. Table 16. Sex of worker: Injuries to construction laborers, selected States, October 1983 Sex Percent Total, 3,700 injured workers.......................................................... 100 Men ....................................................................................................... Women.................................................................................................. 98 2 NOTE: See appendix A for the scope of the survey. SOURCE: State workers' compensation reports. Table 17. Age of worker: Injuries to construction laborers, selected States, October 1983 Age Percent Total, 3,700 injured workers.......................................................... 16-19 years ....... 20-24 years ....... 25-34 years ....... 35-44 years ....... 45-54 years ....... 55-64 years ....... 65 years or more 100 10 32 36 12 7 3 O 1 Less than 0.5 percent. NOTE: Due to rounding, percentages may not add to 100. See appendix A for the scope of the survey. SOURCE: State workers’ compensation reports. 20 Appendix A. Survey Explanatory Note Scope of survey The survey was designed to develop information on injuries to laborers employed in the construction in dustry in the private sector. The injuries studied occur red during the month of October 1983. Workers were classified as construction laborers according to the 1970 Bureau of the Census classification of occupations. Cases excluded from the scope of the survey were onthe-road vehicle accidents other than at a roadside con struction site; assaults; and fatalities. The survey covered the 27 States shown in appendix B. To identify cases within the scope of the survey, staff of the participating State agencies reviewed Employer’s Reports of Injuries required by State workers’ compen sation laws. A systematic random sample of 1 out of every 3 in-scope reports was selected, and a question naire was mailed to each injured worker in the sample. Cooperation was voluntary. During the survey period, 658 survey questionnaires were returned and found to be within the scope of the survey, resulting in a response rate of 53 percent. Although the data were aggregated for all par ticipating States, it should be noted that the workers’ compensation cases selected for study reflect differences in reporting requirements. Workers’ compensation cases involving medical treatment regardless of lost time are reported in the following States: Hawaii, Maine, Montana, Nebraska, North Carolina, Texas, Utah, Ver mont, Washington, and Wyoming. The remaining par ticipating States require reports for cases involving the following number of days away from work:l day—Alaska, California, Ohio; 2 days—Kentucky; 3 days—Missouri; 4 days—Colorado, Delaware, Iowa, Maryland, Oregon, Wisconsin; 7 days—Michigan; 8 days—Arizona, Arkansas, New Mexico, Tennessee, and Virginia. Although participating States provided a broad geographic and industrial mix, they were not selected statistically to represent the country as a whole. Information on the employer’s industry classifica tion, the worker’s age, sex, and part of body injured, and the source of injury were classified based on infor mation furnished by the employer in the workers’ com pensation report. The worker’s activity at the time of the accident was classified according to the overall task being performed. For example, carrying bricks to a bricklayer was coded as materials handling, while lifting bricks in the process of building a wall would be con sidered as building a structure. Weighting and estimating procedures A weighting procedure was used to make the sample of injured workers account for all in-scope injured workers in the 27 participating States. For this survey, an original weight of 3, which is the inverse of the pro bability of selection, was applied to each sample member’s response. Forty-seven percent of the workers selected to par ticipate in the survey did not return the questionnaire. These are referred to as unit nonrespondents. A weightclass nonresponse adjustment procedure was used to reduce the bias due to nonresponse in the estimates. In this procedure, the sample is partitioned into cells, and a unit nonresponse adjustment factor is calculated within each cell. This procedure is based on the assumption that, within each cell, the response distribution of the unit nonrespondents would be the same as the response distribution of the respondents. To determine the set of cells for unit nonresponse ad justment, a comparison of the following characteristics was made between respondents and nonrespondents: Age, sex, nature of injury, part of body affected, source, type of accident, and industry. The greatest dif ference between respondents and nonrespondents was in the age distribution. Further, it was determined that the survey responses varied by age. Therefore, an age parti tion (0-34 years, 35 or more years, and age unknown) was used to adjust for unit nonresponse. In addition to workers not returning the question naire, there were a small number that responded to the survey but did not answer all of the questions. These are referred to as item nonrespondents. To account for this type of nonresponse, it was assumed that the response distribution of the item nonrespondents would be the same as the response distribution of the item respondents. For each question, a final weight for each respondent was calculated as the original weight times an adjust ment factor for unit and item nonresponse. The estimate of the total number of in-scope injured workers for each question is equal to the sum of the final weights of the respondents. The estimate of the percent of workers giving a par ticular answer to a question is the sum of the final weights of the respondents giving a particular answer divided by the estimate of the total number of in-scope injured workers. Estimates of mean and median lost workdays and 21 measure of the sampling error in the estimates, are calculated as part of the survey’s estimation process and are available upon request. Nonsampling errors in the estimates can be attributed to many sources, e.g., inability to obtain information about all cases in the sample, mistakes in recording or coding the data, definitional difficulties, etc. To minimize the nonsampling errors in the estimates, the completed questionnaires are edited and apparent in consistencies are checked. nights of hospitalization do not include cases in which workers indicated lost time or hospitalization but failed to provide numerical estimates of the amount of time. Reliability All estimates derived from a sample survey are sub ject to sampling and nonsampling errors. Sampling er rors occur because observations are made on a sample, not on the entire population. Estimates based on the dif ferent possible samples of the same size and sample design could differ. The standard errors, which are a 22 Appendix B. Participating State Agencies 23 Appendix C. Survey Questionnaire Bureau of Labor Statistics Work Injury Report—Construction Workers The in fo rm a tio n collected on th is fo rm by m e Bureau o f Lab or S ta tis tic s ana the S tate Agencies cooperanng in its statistical program w ill be held ir. confidence and w ill be used to r s tatistical purposes o n iy S urvey P I ! Code q U.S. Department of Labor This report is authorizea by law 29 U.S.C. 2. Your voluntary cooperation is needed to make the result* o f this survey comprehensive, accurate, and timely. Oate o f [" A c c id e n t |_ Case N um b er L i i_ _ A. Which best describes the type of construction you were working on when injured? (Check one.) 1 [j 3. LJ C o n s tru c tio n o f s tru c tu re o th e r th e n house or b u ild in g : 4. □ 5. Q 2. G S ite clearance o r d e m o litio n C o n s tru c tio n o f new house or building IF Y O U W E R E O P E R A T IN G H E A V Y E Q U IP M E N T O R A V E H IC L E } W H E N IN J U R E D : | G . In d ic a te th e ty p e . '.Check one.) 1. LJ P ic k u p ir..c k , van, car, or jeep | (D escribe) _____________________________________________ 2. [J C o n c re te m ix e r im o b i: ;) 3. □ C e m e n t rn ix o : I s t a u o n a r y i R e p a ir w o rk o r rem o d elin g (in c lu d in g add in g a d d itio n to house) 4. !_i D u m p tr u c k R oad b u ild in g o r repair 5. G 6. G B ridge or tu n n e l co n s tru c tio n 7. □ O th e r: R o a d p a v in g e q u ip m e n t: (Describe) 8. Where were you on the job site at the time of your accident? (Check one.) (Describe) ____________________________ ) 6. □ T ra c to r (w n e e l 7. □ T ra c to r (tra c k ) 8. □ B u lld o z e r 9. □ O th e r earth m o v in g e q u ip m e n t: (Explain) ________________________ 1. G N o ta tjo b s ite 2. □ G ro u n d o r flo o r level 3. 4. C C L ad d er S c a ffo ld 10. U C ran e, h oist, o r c o n v e y o r 11. □ P u m p , b lo w e r, o r c o m p re s s o r S ta irs o r steps Tunnel 12. □ O th e r h eavy e q u ip m e n t: 5. 6. D G R oof Beam , girder, o r o th e r area above gro u n d level 9. G in (Describe) (Describe) _______________________ knowledge, w h a t s a fe ty fe a tu re s d id th e h e a v y e q u ip m e n t o r vehicle have? (Check all that apply.) H. To your 7. □ 8. lJ F o rm Ap p roved O .M .B . N o. 1 2 2 0 0047 A p p roval E xpires 9 /3 0 /8 6 tank 1. Q B a c k u p alarm s 10. □ In tren ch 11. Q in vehicle 2. 3. G G Cage o r c o v e r t o p r o t e c t a g a in s t fa llin g o b je c ts R o llo v e r p r o te c tio n 12. □ O th e r: 4. O S eat b e lt 5. 8. Q G E m erg en cy s to p o r d e a d m a n s w itc h M a c h in e guards o r b e lt g u a rd s in use 7. G O th e r 8. G N o t a w are o f a n y safe ty fe atu res (Describe) ______________________________ C. How long had you been working at that job site before the accident? (Check one.) 1. 2. □ 3. 4. G □ 1 w eek to 1 m o n th 1 to 3 m o n th s 5. □ M o re th a n 3 m o n th s G safety fe a tu re : F irs t d ay a t site Less th a n 1 w eek (Describe) _________________________ CONTINUE WITH I. BELOW. I. D. What were you doing at the time of your accident? Were there any worksite conditions which you feel contributed to your accident? (Check all that apply.) 1. □ W e a th e r at tim e o f accid en t: (Describe) _____________________ 2. (B e specific. F o r e x a m p le : S h o velin g d ir t in tre n c h , b re a k in g up a sp h alt, a p p ly in g jo in t c o m p o u n d , go in g t o g et to o l, e tc .) O S lip p e ry g ro u n d or flo o r surface: (Describe) 3. G N o g uardrails o r safety railings 4. □ W o rk in g in a lim ite d area or space 5. □ P o o r lig h tin g 6. D C lu tte re d w o rk area (trash lyin g on flo o r, e tc .) 7 G T o o ls o r e q u ip m e n t in bad c o n d itio n o r n o t w o rk in g p ro p e rly 8. G S tru c tu re w as b ro ke n o r in bad c o n d itio n N o t enough v e n tila tio n _____________________________________ O th e r: N o c o n d itio n s a t w o rk s ite led to accid e n t 9. 10. 11. J. □ □ □ (Describe) Ware you aware of these conditions before your accident? 1. G (Check one.) N o c o n d itio n s a t w o rk s ite led to a c c id e n t 2. G No—n o t a w a re o f these c o n d itio n s 3. 4. E. What tool(s), G Q Y e s —a w are o f all o f th e c o n d itio n s ch ec k e d above 4 Y e s —a w a re o f som e o f th e c o n d itio n s c h e c k e d above if any. were you using when injured? K. T o o l( s ) : _______________________________________________ F. Was the tool powered or nonpowered? 1. 2. □ □ N o t using a n y to o ls P o w ered 3. G N o n p o w e re d Were there any other factors which you feel contributed to your accident? (Check all that apply.) 1. D C o -w o rk e r's a c tiv ity : (Explain) ____________________________ 2. G (Check one.) IF YOU WERE OPERA TING A VEHICLE OR HE A VY EQUIPMENT, COMPLETE G and H; IF NOT, GO TO I. W o rk ing to o fast 3. O T o o l o r e q u ip m e n t n o t rig h t f o r jo b 4. 5. 6. G □ G W o rk in g w h e n tire d o r fatig u e d W o rk in g w h e n u n d e r stress L iftin g , pushing, o r m o v in g an o b je c t t h a t w as to o heavy o r b u lk y 7. G M isju d g ed tim e o r d istan ce n eeded t o av o id In ju ry 8. □ N o t p a y in g fu ll a tte n tio n to w o rk o r d is tra c te d 9. 10. G □ N o t given p ro p e r tra in in g o r In s tru c tio n s fo r jo b T o o noisy 11 □ O th e r: 12 G N o o th e r fac to rs c o n trib u te d to a c c id e n t (Describe)_________________________________________________ Describe how your accident happened. ULSWUH (October 1983) CONTINUE ON REVERSE SIDE 24 wearing o r using at the (Check all that apply.) S. W h o traine d y o u fo r this ty p e o f w o rk ? L . W hat ty p e o f pro te ctive e q u ipm e n t w ere y o u tim e o f y o u r accident? 1. 1. ,_j H ard h st 2 ;._i G loves 3. Steel to e d ta fe ty *hoe« o r steel to e d b o o t* 4. Lj Steei p la te in *o ie o f *h o e * 5. G S a fe ty glasses, goggle*, o r o th e r eye p ro te c tio n G 6. G E ar p lu g * or o th er hearing p ro te c tio n N e v e r received any tra in in g fo r th is ty p e o f w o rk 2. □ Present supervisor or e m p lo y e r 3. □ P revious supervisor or e m p lo y e r 4. □ C o -w o rk e r (o th e r th a n supervisor) 5. G S c h o o l tea c h e r or m ilita ry in s tru c to r 6. □ O th e r: (D escribe) _______________________________________________ 7. G W e ld e r's h o o d o r w e ld e d * shield 8 9 G □ R e s p ira to r S a fe ty b e lt tied o f f to lan y a rd a n d /o r life lin e 10 G S a fe ty P e lt n o t tied o ff to la n y a rd and life lin e w h en injured? G u a rd ra ils or safety railings at h eights or a ro u n d openings 1 2. 11 '2 - O: G (DescribeI ________________________________________________ 13 G O th e r G N o t w earin g or using p ro te c tiv e e q u ip m e n t M . W h at w ere y o u r injuries? 1 G (Check all that apply.) 1.., Cuts, lacerations, o r p u n ctu res 3. G Bruises, co n tusions 4. G M u scle sprain o r strain, to rn ligam ents 5. G H e a t b urn 6 J C h e m ic a l ourn L J A m p u ta tio n S. 9. 10. G 3. G G 4. i_i N e v e r received any tra in in g fo r this ty p e o f w ork □ No Yes D o n 't re m e m D e r U. How were your safety instructions given? 1. G i- r a c t u r e ls l- In d ic a t e bo n e(s) b ro k e n (leg, rib, a n k le , e t c . ) _______________________________________________ 2 7. T . D id y o u r trainin g co ver s a fe ty instruction s fo r the jo b y o u w ere doin g S e a t p e lt 14. (Check all that apply.) □ 2. O b je c t in eye(s) U (Check a!, that apply.) N e v e r received safety in stru ctio n s P rin te d m ate ria ls (sa fe ty m an u al, te x tb o o k , etc.) 3. G in 4. □ O n th e jo b 5. 6. □ □ S a fe ty m eetings O th e r. school o r o th e r ty p e o f classroom in s tru c tio n (Describe) ________________________________________ V. Have you been given any information on the health hazards of arisestos? _J B rain concussion □ O th e r: (Describe) 1. ________________________________________________ Q 2. N . D id y o u r in ju ry cause y o u to lose tim e fro m w o rk b e y o n d the da y o f (Explain) Yes: □ No in ju ry ? 1. G I f yes: a. No 2 □ Yes W. H o .v io ng w e ie you (o r d o yo u e x p e c t to be) o u t O f w o rk ? i.N G T E : D o n o t c o u n t th e d a y o f in ju r y , d a ys on lig h t d u ty Have you been given any information on other hazardous chemicals or materials? 1. □ Yes: 2. □ No (Explain)23456 w o rk , n orm al days o ff, o r h o lid a y s.) _______ _________________ W o rk d a y s b. H a v e you re tu rn e d to w o rk ? (Check one.) 1 !._j N o —still o ff because o f in ju ry 3. □ 2 G Y es X. Have you had vocational education (such as “shop" or "vo-tach") or other technical training courses? (Check all that apply.) (E x p la in ) _________________________________________ O th e r. O . D id y o u r in ju ry req uire y o u to be h o sp ita lize d o vern ig ht? 1. □ No 2. □ Yes □ □ No Y es—in school 3. □ Y es—th ro u g h un io n 4. □ Yes— in m ilita ry 5. □ Y es—in a p p re n tic e p ro g ram 6. □ Y es— in o th e r p ro g ram : (Describe) ________________________ If yes: I f yes: a 1. 2. a. H o w long w e re y o u (o r do y o u e x p e c t to be) in th e hospital? _________________________ N ights P. W h at was y o u r jo b title at the tim e o f the accident? (B e s p ecific: W h a t s afety o r h e a lth in fo rm a tio n d id th e course(s) include? (Check all that apply.) 1. D 2. G 3. □ S a fe ty hazard s yo u m ig h t fin d on th e jo b H e a lth h azards y o u m ig h t fin d o n th e jo b asbestos, etc.) (such as fumes, H o w to reco g n ize, avoid, o r p re v e n t unsafe or u n h e a lth y c o n d itio n s on th e jo b E le c tric ia n 's h e lp e r, p lu m b e r's h e lp e r, general lab o rer, e tc .) 4. □ W hen and h o w to use personal p ro te c tiv e e q u ip m e n t such as gloves, hard h at, etc. 5. O W hen and h o w to use res p ira to r 6. Q O th e r safety or h ealth in fo rm a tio n : (Describe) Q. How long had you worked for your employer when you were injured? 7. (C h e c k o n e .) 1. □ Less th a n 1 w e e k 2. □ 1 to 4 w e e k s 3. L_ 1 t o 6 m o n th s 4. U 6 m o n th s t o 1 y e a r 5. G 1 to 5 ye a rs 6. □ 5 y e a rs o r m o re b. □ None D o y o u th in k these courses sho u ld p ro v id e m o re in fo rm a tio n o n safety and h ealth risks fo u n d on th e jo b ? 1. Y. □ No Li Less th a n 1 w eek G 1 to 4 w eeks 3. G 1 to 6 m o n th s 4. □ 6 m o n th s to 1 y ear 5 □ 1 to 5 years 6. G 5 years or m o re Yes 1. G M aking area safer before w orking 2. G M ore or better ta fe ty training 3. G Using personal protective equipm ent 4. G Using sefer w o rk procedures on yo u r part 5. G Having com pany enforce safe w o rk procedures 6. G Using guardrails or other types o f fa ll pro te ctio n 7. G Better or d iffe re n t to o ls or equipm ent 8. G M ore tim e to do job 9. G Better supervision 10. G M ore help to do jo b 11. G O ther: (D escribe) ______________________________________________ 12. G Do n o t th in k it could have been prevented R. How long had you done construction work? (NOTE: Do not count tim e you worked in jobs other than construction.) i. □ H o w d o y o u th in k y o u r ty p e o f accident co u ld have been prevented? (Check all that apply.) 2. 2. 25 Work Injury Reports Reports which may be purchased from the U.S. Department of Commerce, National Technical Information Service ( n t i s ) , 5285 Port Royal Road, Springfield, Virginia 22161: • Survey of Ladder Accidents Resulting in Injuries n t i s Accession No. PB83 207985 (1978) • Survey of Welding and Cutting Accidents Resulting in Injuries n t i s Accession No. PB83 208017 (1978) • Survey of Scaffold Accidents Resulting in Injuries n t i s Accession No. PB83 208009 (1978) • Survey of Power Saw Accidents Resulting in Injuries n t i s Accession No. PB83 207993 (1978) • Accidents Involving Eye Injuries n t i s Accession No. PH83 182535 (1980) • Accidents Involving Face Injuries n t i s Accession No. PH83 183335 (1980) • Accidents Involving Head Injuries n t i s Accession No. PH83 183343 (1980) • Accidents Involving Foot Injuries n t i s Accession No. PH83 182527 (1981) • Injuries Related to Servicing Equipment n t i s Accession No. PH83 182543 (1981) • Back Injuries Associated with Lifting n t i s Accession No. PH83 183285 (1982) • Work-Related Hand Injuries and Upper Extremity Amputations n t i s Accession No. PH83 183319 (1982) The following report is available from the Office of Occupational Safety and Health Statistics, U.S. Department of Labor, Room 4014, 601 D Street, N.W., Washington, D.C. 20212. • Injuries in Oil and Gas Drilling and Services Bulletin 2179 (1983) Reports which may be purchased from the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C. 20402: • Injuries Resulting From Falls From Elevations Bulletin 2195 (1984) • Injuries in the Logging Industry Bulletin 2203 (1984) • Injuries Resulting From Falls on Stairs Bulletin 2214 (1984) • Injuries to Construction Laborers Bulletin 2252 (1986) 26 ☆ U .S . GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE : 1 9 8 6 O - 4 9 1 -5 4 3 (4 6 3 2 7 ) Bureau of Labor Statistics Regional Offices Region I John F. Kennedy Federal Building Government Center Boston, Mass. 02203 Phone: (617) 223-6761 Region II Suite 3400 1515 Broadway New York. N Y 10036 Phone: (212) 944-3121 Region III 3535 Market Street P.0 Box 13309 Philadelphia. Pa. 19101 Phone: (215) 596-1154 Region IV Regions VII and VIII Region V Regions IX and X 1371 Peachtree Street, N E. Atlanta, Ga. 30367 Phone: (404) 347-4418 9th Floor Federal Office Building 230 S. Dearborn Street Chicago, III 60604 Phone (312) 353-1880 Region VI Federal Building 525 Griffin St., Rm. 221 Dallas, Tex. 75202 Phone (214) 767-6971 911 Walnut Street Kansas City. Mo. 64106 Phone: (816) 374-2481 450 Golden Gate Avenue Box 36017 San Francisco. Calif 94102 Phone: (415) 556-4678 U.S. Department of Laoor Bureau of Labor Statistics Washington, D.C. 20212 Official Business Penalty for Private Use, $300 Postage and Fees Paid U.S. Departm ent of Labor Lab-441