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Federal Reserve Bank of Chicago

Bank Capital Regulation With and Without
State-Contingent Penalties

By: David A. Marshall and Edward S.
Prescott

WP 2000-10

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64:06851 4<<<1
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Lqfhqwlyh0Edvhg Wkhru| ri Edqn Uhjxodwlrq1 Mrxuqdo ri Ilqdqfldo Lq0
whuphgldwlrq/ 5/ 4<<5/ ss1 58805:91
73

^44` Fkdq/ \1V1/ Vwxduw Juhhqedxp/ dqg Dqmdq Wkdnru1 Lv Idluo| Sulfhg
Ghsrvlw Lqvxudqfh SrvvleohB Mrxuqdo ri Ilqdqfh 7:/ 4<<5/ ss1 840931
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Ydoxh/ Ihghudo Uhvhuyh Edqn ri Qhz \run Hfrqrplf Srolf| Uhylhz/ 5/
4<<9/ ss1 40471
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PLW Suhvv/ Fdpeulgjh/ PD/ 4<<61
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dqg Oltxlglw|1 Mrxuqdo ri Srolwlfdo Hfrqrp|/ <4/ 4<;6/ ss1 734074<1
^48` Gldprqg/ Grxjodv dqg Udjkxudp Udmdq1 Oltxlglw| Ulvn/ Oltxlglw|
Fuhdwlrq dqg Ilqdqfldo Iudjlolw|= D Wkhru| ri Edqnlqj/ plphr/ Xql0
yhuvlw| ri Fklfdjr/ 4<<;1
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Dq Lqfhqwlyh Dssurdfk wr Edqnlqj Uhjxodwlrq/ Mrxuqdo ri Ilqdqfh
7;/ Vhswhpehu 4<<6/ ss1 4856048751
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Plqqhvrwd/ Zrunlqj Sdshu/ Vhswhpehu 4<<;1
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Djhqw Sureohp1 Hfrqrphwulfd 84 +Mdqxdu| 4<;6,= :0781
^54` Kduw/ Rolyhu dqg Ehqjw Kropvwurp1 Wkh Wkhru| ri Frqwudfwv1 Lq Dg0
ydqfhv lq Hfrqrplf Wkhru|= Iliwk Zruog Frqjuhvv1 +Hg1 Wuxpdq I1
Ehzoh|, Fdpeulgjh/ Hqjodqg= Fdpeulgjh Xqlyhuvlw| Suhvv/ 4<;:/ ss1
:404881

74

^55` Mrqhv/ Gdylg1 Hphujlqj Sureohpv zlwk wkh Edvho Fdslwdo Dffrug= Uhj0
xodwru| Fdslwdo Duelwudjh dqg Uhodwhg Lvvxhv/ Mrxuqdo ri Edqnlqj )
Ilqdqfh/ 57/ 5333/ 6806;1
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xodwlrq= D Sduwldo0Htxloleulxp H{srvlwlrq1 Mrxuqdo ri Exvlqhvv/ 84/
Mxo| 4<:;/ ss1 746076;1
^57` Nhhoh|/ Plfkdho F1 Ghsrvlw Lqvxudqfh/ Ulvn/ dqg Pdunhw Srzhu lq
Edqnlqj1 Dphulfdq Hfrqrplf Uhylhz/ ;3/ Ghfhpehu 4<<3/ ss1 44;60
45331
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Fdslwdo Uhjxodwlrq ri Pdunhw Ulvnv/ Zrunlqj Sdshu <80841 Zdvklqjwrq=
Erdug ri Jryhuqruv ri wkh Ihghudo Uhvhuyh V|vwhp/ Ghfhpehu 4<<8d1
^59` Nxslhf/ Sdxo K1 dqg Mdphv R*Eulhq1 D Suh0frpplwphqw Dssurdfk wr
Fdslwdo Uhtxluhphqwv iru Pdunhw Ulvn/ Zrunlqj Sdshu <80691 Zdvk0
lqjwrq= Erdug ri Jryhuqruv ri wkh Ihghudo Uhvhuyh V|vwhp/ Mxo| 4<<8e1
^5:` Odfnhu/ Mhuh| dqg Mrkq D1 Zhlqehuj1 Rswlpdo Frqwudfwv xqghu Frvwo|
Vwdwh Idovlfdwlrq1 Mrxuqdo ri Srolwlfdo Hfrqrp|/ <:/ Ghfhpehu 4<;</
ss1 4678046961
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Pdunhw Ulvn= D Zhoiduh Dqdo|vlv/ Hxurshdq Ilqdqfh Uhylhz/ 5/ 4<<;/
ss1 458048:1
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lqj/ dqg Uhjxodwlrq lq Edqnlqj/ Hxurshdq Hfrqrplf Uhylhz/ 77/ 5333/
ss1 40671
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kdylru= Sduw L/ Uhylhz ri Hfrqrplf Vwxglhv/ 99/ 4<<</ 60541
^64` Phuwrq/ Urehuw1 Dq Dqdo|wlf Ghulydwlrq ri wkh Frvw ri Ghsrvlw Lqvxu0
dqfh Jxdudqwhhv1 Mrxuqdo ri Edqnlqj dqg Ilqdqfh/ 4/ 4<::/ ss1 60441
^65` Plqjr/ Mrkq M1 Srolf| Lpsolfdwlrqv ri wkh Ihghudo Uhvhuyh Vwxg| ri
Fuhglw Ulvn Prghov dw Pdmru XV Edqnlqj Lqvwlwxwlrqv/ Mrxuqdo ri
Edqnlqj dqg Ilqdqfh/ 57/ 5333/ 480661
75

^66` Qdjdudmdq/ V1 dqg F1Z1 Vhdoh|1 Vwdwh0Frqwlqjhqw Uhjxodwru| Phfkd0
qlvpv dqg Idluo| Sulfhg Ghsrvlw Lqvxudqfh/ Mrxuqdo ri Edqnlqj dqg
Ilqdqfh 55/ 4<<;/ ss1 446<044891
^67` Suhvfrww/ Hgzdug V1 Wkh Suhfrpplwphqw Dssurdfk lq d Prgho ri Uhj0
xodwru| Edqn Fdslwdo1 Ihghudo Uhvhuyh Edqn ri Ulfkprqg Hfrqrplf
Txduwhuo|/ ;6/ Zlqwhu 4<<:/ ss1 560831
^68` Suhvfrww/ Hgzdug V1 D Sulphu rq Prudo Kd}dug Prghov1 Ihghudo Uh0
vhuyh Edqn ri Ulfkprqg Hfrqrplf Txduwhuo|/ ;8/ Zlqwhu 4<<</ 7:0::1
^69` Urfkhw/ Mhdq0Fkduohv1 Fdslwdo Uhtxluhphqwv dqg wkh Ehkdylru ri Frp0
phufldo Edqnv/ Hxurshdq Hfrqrplf Uhylhz 69/ 4<<5/ ss1 446:044:;1
^6:` Urfkhw/ Mhdq0Fkduohv1 Vroyhqf| Uhjxodwlrqv dqg wkh Pdqdjhphqw ri
Edqnlqj Ulvnv/ Hxurshdq Hfrqrplf Uhylhz 76/ 4<<</ ss1 <;40<<31
^6;` Wuhdf|/ Zlooldp I1 dqg Pdun Fduh|1 Fuhglw Ulvn Udwlqj V|vwhpv dw
Odujh XV Edqnv1 Mrxuqdo ri Edqnlqj dqg Ilqdqfh/ 57/ 5333/ ss1 49:0
5341
^6<` Zklwh/ Odzuhqfh M1 Wkh V)O Ghedfoh/ R{irug Xqlyhuvlw| Suhvv/ Qhz
\run/ 4<<41
^73` Zlooldpvrq/ Vwhskhq G1 Glvfrxqw Zlqgrz Ohqglqj dqg Ghsrvlw Lqvxu0
dqfh/ Uhylhz ri Hfrqrplf G|qdplfv 4 +4<<;,/ ss1 57905:81

76

Panel A

Panel D
0.8
Default Prob.

Deposits

1
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
0.2

0.4
0.6
Panel B

0.8

0.35

0.25
0.2
0

0.2

0.4
0.6
Panel C

0.8

0.2

0.4
0.6
Panel E

0.8

1

1.4
unreg. bank
full info. reg.
cap. reg.

1.3
0

0.2

0.4
0.6
Panel F

0.8

1

0

0.2

0.4

0.8

1

Value Function

2.5

1.5
sigma

0

1.5

1.2

1

2

1
0.5
0

0.2

1.6

0.3

0.15

0.4

0

1

Portfolio Mean

Screening Expenditure

0

0.6

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

2
1.5
1

psi

0.6
psi

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' .D>
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ghidxow suredelolw| +Sdqho G,/ sruwirolr phdq +Sdqho H,/ dqg ydoxh ri uhjxod0
wru*v remhfwlyh ixqfwlrq +Sdqho I, lpsolhg e| wkh iroorzlqj wkuhh uhjxodwru|
uhjlphv= Xquhjxodwhg edqn +vrolg olqh,> rswlpdo ixoo0lqirupdwlrq uhjxodwlrq
+gdvkhg olqh,> rswlpdo fdslwdo uhjxodwlrq +gdvk0grw olqh,1
4@

4?

4@

4?

77

Panel A

Panel D
0.8
Default Prob.

Deposits

1

0.5

0
0.2

0.4
0.6
Panel B

0.8

0.25

0.15
0.1
0

0.2

0.4
0.6
Panel C

0.8

0.2

0.4
0.6
Panel E

0.8

1

1.4
unreg. bank
full info. reg.
cap. reg.

1.3
0

0.2

0.4
0.6
Panel F

0.8

1

0

0.2

0.4

0.8

1

Value Function

2.5

1.5
sigma

0

1.5

1.2

1

2

1
0.5
0

0.2

1.6

0.2

0.05

0.4

0

1

Portfolio Mean

Screening Expenditure

0

0.6

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

2
1.5
1

psi

0.6
psi

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@j ' f 

78

Baseline
0.8
Default Prob.

Deposits

1

Full information
Unregulated market
Capital reg only
Capital and fines

0.5

0
0

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.6
0.4
0.2
0

0.5

0

0.1

0.2

0.25

0.2

0.5

0

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.3

0.4

0.5

0.3

0.4

0.5

1.5
1.45
1.4

0.5

0

0.1

0.2
psi

2.5
Value Function

1.5
Sigma

0.4

1.55

psi

1
0.5
0

0.3
psi

1.6
Portfolio Mean

Screening Expenditure

psi
0.3

0

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

2
1.5
1

0.5

psi

0

0.1

0.2
psi

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vwduv,1

79

Baseline, franchise value = 0.0
1.8
Limited liability constraint
1.6

1.4

1.2

Fine

1

0.8

0.6

0.4

0.2

0
0.5

1

1.5

2

2.5

3

Return

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olqh uxq zlwk  ' ff1

7:

Baseline, franchise value = 0.15
1.8
Limited liability constraint
1.6

1.4

1.2

Fine

1

0.8

0.6

0.4

0.2

0
0.5

1

1.5

2

2.5

3

Return

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olqh uxq zlwk  ' fD1

7;

Baseline
0.8
Default Prob.

Deposits

1
0.8
0.6

Capital reg only
Capital and fines
Capital and monotonicity

0.6
0.4
0.2
0

0

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.5

0

0.1

0.2

0.25

0.2

0.5

0

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.3

0.4

0.5

0.3

0.4

0.5

1.5
1.45
1.4

0.5

0

0.1

0.2
psi

2.5
Value Function

1.5
Sigma

0.4

1.55

psi

1
0.5
0

0.3
psi

1.6
Portfolio Mean

Screening Expenditure

psi
0.3

0

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

2
1.5
1

0.5

psi

0

0.1

0.2
psi

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uhjxodwlrq +grwwhg olqhv,/ rswlpdo fdslwdo uhjxodwlrq zlwk qhv +-,/ dqg
rswlpdo fdslwdo uhjxodwlrq zlwk qhv xqghu wkh frqvwudlqw wkdw qhw lqfrph
eh prqrwrqlfdoo| lqfuhdvlqj lq sruwirolr uhwxuq +vrolg olqhv,1

7<

Baseline, monotonicity case, franchise value = 0.05
2
Limited liability constraint

Fine

1.5

1

0.5

0
0.5

1

1.5

2

2.5

3

2

2.5

3

Return

1

Net return

0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
0
0.5

1

1.5
Return

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prqrwrqlflw| frqvwudlqw1 Uhvxowv iru edvholqh sduhphwhul}dlwrq zlwk  '
ffD

83