The full text on this page is automatically extracted from the file linked above and may contain errors and inconsistencies.
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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
WO R K S
P R OG R E S S
Harry L. Hopkins,
ADMI N I S T RAT I O N
Administrator
Howard B. Myers, Di rector
Division of Social Research
Corrington Gi 11
Assist ant Adm in i st rato r
WORKERS ON RELIEF IN THE UNITED STATES IN MARCH 1935
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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
A Census of Usual Occupations
(Abridged
Edition)
wash i ngton,
D. C.
January 1937
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Prepared by
Phi I ip M. Hauser
Labor Inventory Section
CONTENTS
Page
Introduction...................................................................
1
UNITED STATES SUMMARY
A.
Table
Table
Table
Table
Table
Table
Table
Table
Table
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
Table 10.
Table 11.
Table 12.
Workers on Relief, by Usual Occupation, Color, and Sex, for the United
States: March 1935...............................................
8
Workers on Relief in Orban Areas, by Usual Occupation, Color, and Sex,
for the United States: March 1935. ... ................ .. ...... ... .
10
Workers on Relief in Rural Areas,byUsual Occupation,Color, and Sex,
for the United States: March 1935.......................... ... ...
Workers on Relief, by Class of Usual Occupation, Age, and Sex, for the
United States: March 1935........................................
White Workers on Relief, by Class of Usual Occupation, Age, and Sex,
for the United States: March 1935 ........................ ;.......
Ne~ro Workers on Relief, by Class of Usual Occupation, Age, and Sex,
for the United States: March 1935. ...............................
Workers on Relief in Urban Areas, by Class of Usual Occupation, Age,
and Sex, for the United States: March 1935................. ......
White Workers on Relief in Urban Areas, by Class of Usual Occupation,
Age, and Sex, for the United States: March 1935.......... ... .. ...
Ne~ro Workers on Relief in Urban Areas, by Class of Usual Occupation,
Age, and Sex, for the United States: March 1935....... ..... .... ..
Workers on Relief in Rural Areas, by Class of Usual Occupation, Age,
and Sex, for the United States: March 1935.......................
White Workers on Relief in Rural Areas, by Class of Usual Occupation,
Age, and Sex, for the United States: March 1935...... ... .. .......
Negro Workers on Relief in Rural Areas, by Class of Usual Occupation,
~ge, and Sex, for the United States: March 1935... .......... .....
8.
Table 13.
Table 14.
Workers on Relief
12
14
14
15
15
16
16
17
17
18
Economic Heads of Families on Relief
Economic Heads of Families on Relief, by Usual Occupation,Color, and
Sex, for the United States: March 1935...................... ... . .
20
Economic Heads of Families on Relief in Urban Areas, by Usual Occupation, Color, and Sex, for the United States: March 1935........
22
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iii
iv
CONTENTS
Page
8.
Table 15.
Table 16.
Table 17.
Table 18.
Table 19.
Table 20.
Table 21.
Table 22.
Table 23.
Table 24.
Economic Heads of Families on Relief (Continued)
Economic Heads of Families on Relief in Rural Areas, by Usual Occupation, Color, and Sex, for the United States: March 1935........
Economic Heads of Families on Relief, by Class of Usual Occupation,
Age, and Sex, for the United States: March 1935..................
White Economic Heads of Families on Relief, by Class of Usual Occupation, Age, and Sex, for the United States: March 1935............
Negro Economic Heads of Families on Relief, by Class of Usual Occupation, Age, and Sex, for the United States: March 1935............
Economic Heads of Families on Relief in Urban Areas, by Class of Usual
Occupation, Age, and Sex, for the United States: March 1935......
Wht te Economic Reads of Families on Relief in Urban Areas, by Class of
Usual Occupation, Age, and Sex, for the United States: March 1935
24
26
26
27
27
28
Economic Heads of Families on Relief in Urban Areas, by Class of
Usual Occupation, Age, and Sex, for the United States: March 1935
28
Economic Heads of Families on Relief in Rural Areas, by Class of Usual
Occupation, Age, and Sex, for the United States: March 1935......
29
Economic Heads of Families on Relief in Rural Areas, by Class of
. Usual Occupation, Age, and Sex, for the United States: March 1935
29
Economic Heads of Families on Relief in Rural Areas, hy Class of
Usual Occupation, Age, and Sex, for the United States: March 1935
30
Negro
White
Netro
TABLES FOR INDIVIDUAL STATES
The statistics for each State are presented in a standardized table.
The contents of this table a.re described in the title presented below.
Table
1.
Workers on Relief, by
Usual Occupation,Color, and Sex,forthe State:
March 1935
Page
Page
Alabama. • • • • • • • • • • . • • • • • • • • • . • . • • • •
32
Georgia............................
50
Arizona. • • • • • . • • • • • • • • • • • • • • . • • • • • .
Arkansas...........................
34
35
Idaho. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
52
Illinois...........................
54
California.........................
Colorado...........................
38
40
Indiana. • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • . • • • • • • •
56
Iowa. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
58
Connecticut........................
42
De law are. . • • • • . • . . • • • • • • • . . • . • . . • • •
District of Columbia...............
44
46
Kansas. • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •
Kentucky...........................
60
62
Louisiana..........................
64
Florida.,...........................
48
Maine • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •
66
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CONTENTS
V
TABLES FOR INDIVIDUAL STATES
(Continued)
Page
Maryland •••••••••••••••••••••••••••
Massachusetts •••
68
Michigan ••••....
Minnesota ••••••••••••••••••••••••••
Mississippi •••••••••••••••••••
Missouri.
Montana ••
72
80
Nebraska •••••••••••••
82
Nevada ••••.••••••••••••••••••••••••
New Hampshire ••••••••••••••••••••••
New Jersey •••••.•••••••••••••••••••
New Mexico.
New York •..
84
North Carolina •.•••••••••••••••••.•
North Dakota ••••••••
Ohio •••.•••••••••••••
98
70
74
76
78
Page
Oklahoma ••••••
Oregon ••••••••.•••.•••.•••••••.•
Pennsylvania •.•••••••••••••
Rhode Island ••••••.••••••••
South Carolina ••••.
South Dakota •••.•.•••.
Tennessee ••.••••••••
......
102
104
106
108
llO
112
Texas ••••••
Utah ••••
Vermont.
114
120
94
Virginia ••••••••••••••••
Washington .•••
West Virginia.
Wisconsin ••...••.••...•.••....
96
Wyoming • .•.•.••...•....•.•...•
86
88
90
92
............
Appendix-Limitations of Comparisons ••••••••••••••••••••••••••.••••••••••••••••
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100
116
118
122
124
126
128
133
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INTRODUCTION
To fulfill these requirements, it was necessary to ascertain the occupation al characteristics of the relief labor supply.
Some information about the usual occupa,tions of the workers on relief had already
been obtained through sample studies 4 in
connection with the administration of the
work relief program of the Federal Emergency Relief Administration.
However,
the magnitude of the new Works Progr;im,
and the established policy of adapting
Works Program projects so far as possible
to the usual occupations of unemployed
workers on the relief rolls, made it necessary to obtain occupational statistics
on a State and county basis.
In the winter of 1934-1935 the public
unemployment relief rolls reached a peak
of nearly 5~ million cases, including
over 20~ million persons. 1 The census on
which the statistics presented in this
volume are based was taken in March 1935,
a month well on the crest of this peak.
This census included 4, 158,4772 households
containing 1 or more workers 3 who received
relief under the gener;il relief progrrtm
jointly undertaken by the States and the
Federal Emergency Relief Administration.
The workers 16 through 64 years of age in
those cases total 6,152,639, approximately
one-eighth of the number of gainful work, ers of the same age class reported by the
Fifteenth Census of the United States in
April 1930.
These statistics were collected as an
aid to the administration of the Emergency
Relief Appropriation Act of 1935. It was
the purpose of this act to "provide relief, work relief, and to increase employment by providing for useful projects."
AREA INCLUDED
The statistics in this volume relate
to the continental United States. Data
are presented for the United States and
for each State.
•
PERSONS INCLUDED
1oesp1 te the ract that available tnrormatlon
poln ts to Increases 1n employment trom March
1933 to the winter or 1934-193.5, the public unemployment relier rolls, taking account or seasonal !actors, show an increa s e ror this period.
This ls attributable partly to the tact that
there 1s a considerable lag between loss or employment and regtstratlo n ror pu blic unemployment re11er. The number o r un employed who are
ror c ed to apply ror public a.1d I ncreases wt th
the duration or unemployment and the exhaustion
or resources.
2-rhe t otal number or cases which r eceived public
unempl oyment relief under the general relier
program or the Federal Emergency Reller Adm1n1strat1on in March 19 3.5 was 6 ,171,690. This
number Includes approxima t ely 1 ,000,000 cases
that dld not contain emp l oyable workers.
3 see der1n1 tlon or workers bel ow 1n sect Ion •oer1ni t1on or Termsr•
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Only persons 16 through 64 years of
age, inclusive, working or seeking work,
who were members of households which received relief under the general relief
program jointly undertaken by the States
and the Federal Emergency Relief Administration, were enumerated for this cen sus.
4 Notably the Urban Workers on Rel 1 er, Part I The Occupational Chara cterlstlcs or Wo r ke rs on
Reuer 1n Urban Areas, May 1934 and Part IIThe occupational Characteristics o r Workers on
Reuer 1n 79 Cities, D1v1s1on or Social Re search,
Works Progress Admlnlstratlon.
1
WORKERS ON RELIEF IN THE UNITED ST ATES
2
Th is included workers in the specified
age group in all resident households, consisting of families, single persons, or
local homeless persons who received aid
through direct relief or through the Federal Emergency Relief Admini st rat ion work
program.
It should be noted that workers of
households which participated only in the
following special programs are excluded
from this tabulation:
(1) Transient; (2)
Emergency Education; (3) College Student
Aid; (4) Rural Rehabilitation; (5) Drought
Relief; and (6) Surplus Commodities.
PERIOD
This census included workers of relief
households which received aid during the
calendar month of March 1935. In a few
areas, because of administrative exigencies, the census covered a period other
tha.n March 1935. The exceptions and the
periods covered are: New York, May 1935;
New Jersey, April 1935; Illinois, February
1935; Philadelphia County, Pennsylvania,
May 1935; Los Angeles County, California,
May 1935. The statistics for these uni ts,
v.-i th the except ion of Illinois and New
York City, have been adjusted to March 1935
by applying to the data reported the ratio
of their total relief loads in March 1935
to their total relief loads during the
month in which the census was actually
taken. The data for the State of Illinois
and for New York City have not been adjusted because in each instance the relief load for the month of the census
differed by less than 1 percent from that
of March. All of these adjustments are
relatively minor because of the proximity
of the actual census dates for those areas
to March 1935.
infonnation contained in the Occupational
Classification Record (FERA Form 144),a
family record card designed for Works
Program placement purposes. A file of
Occupational Classification Records, containing cards for all relief households
with workers,wasprepared by each county
office ( or branch thereof) of the Emergency Relief Administration. To insure
the inclusion of the units desired, this
file was matched with an index of all
households which received relief during
the c.:ilendar month of March 1935. 5 The
personal history information on the Occupational Classification Record was obtained through personal interview by case
workers of the Soci.:il Service Di vision,
and the information relating to the occupation and industry of workers was collected through person.:il interview by personnel officers of the Work Division. In
some instances local admi nist rati ve requirements made it necessary to obtain
the personal and occupation al data from
the case records of the Social Service
Division or f ram the placement records of
the local Work Division. Interviews were
conducted in accordance with standard instructions-that is, all terms were uniformly defined in the manner indicated
be low. ( See Definition of Terms. ) All
perso ns who interviewed workers in order
to ascertain their usual occupations and
industries were instructed in the technique of procuring information .and in the
making of satisfactory entries.
The information desired for tabulation
was transcribed i'n each county office
from the Occupational Classification Record to a standardized transcript ion sheet.
The transcription sheets were forwarded
to centrally located tabulating offices
for editing, coding, and mechanical tabulation.
COLLECTION OF MATERIALS
The materials in this volume are based
on the occupational and personal history
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5 see exceptions to this
11 Perlod. 11
date above
in section
INTRODUCTION
DEFINITION OF TERMS
Worker-A
workeru, as used in this
volume, is any person, male or female,
16 through 64 years of age, inclusive,
who, at the time of this census, was a
member of a relief household and who was
working or seeking work, except an adult
male or female needed at home to care for
d~pendents under 16 years of age. Local
Social Service Divisions of the Emergency
Relief Administration were instructed to
interpret this definition on the basis of
the situ at ion in each family and to take
into consideration such factors as whether
the adult in question had been in the
habit of working while providing for the
care of children by a relative or outside
the home.
Usual Occupation-The occupational returns reported in this volume are based
on the worker's "usual occupation." Usual
occupation was defined as that occupation
at which the person worked longest during
the 10 years precedin~ this census. If
the person worked approximately the same
length of time at two or more occupations,
the one at which he worked last was entered.
An occupation was entered for
every person who had worked ally length of
time, however short, during the preceding
10 years. Occupations were entered also
for persons whose sole work experience
had been obtained on work relief projects
or some other emergency employment type
of work such as that provided by the Civil
Works Administration or the Civilian Conservation Corps.
The Occupational Classification Record
and the transcription sheet used in tabulation contained provision, also, for
the entry of the usual industry of the
worker. Usual industry was defined as
that industry in which the person worked
longest at his usual occupation. The industry return helped to identify and to
classify the occupation.
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11
3
Inexpertenced Workers-Persons seeking
work who performed no gainful work of any
kind during the 10 years preceding this
census are reported as "inexperienced."
Housewives and housekeepers working in
their o\'in homes and girls performing household tasks in their own homes, but VY-110
were seeking work, are also classified
as "inexperienced" persons, unless they
worked outside their homes in the preceding 10-year period. In the latter case
their usual occupation, as defined above,
is reported. Young persons seeking their
first jobs and older persons who may have
returned to the labor market after a period of retirement, including the 10 years ·
preceding the census, are also returned
in the "inexperienced" category.
Economic Head of Relief F'amily-Data
for the United States are presented separately for all workers and for the economic heads of relief families.
The Social Service Division of the
Emergency Relief Administration was asked
to indicate which worker in the family
should be given preference in employment
on the Works Program. This decision as
to "priority ranking II for work was based
on the case worker's judgment of the qualifications and fitness for work of the
individual workers in the household, the
attitude of the household members as to
which one should be employed, and the occupational skill which should be developed
or preserved. The person so designated
to be given preference in employment is
regarded in this volume
as the economic
head of the relief family.
Relief F'amily-Tlie relief f~ily or
household is the unit for the admini st ration of public unemployment relief. It
may consist of a single person or a group
of persons, who may or may not be related.
A~e-The age classification in this
volume is based on the age of the worker
at his birthday nearest to March 1935.
In some are as age was recorded on the
basis of tl,e nearest birthday to the time
4
WORKERS ON RELIEF IN THE UNITED STATES
of filling the record card. Since these
records were filled in the period from
November 1934 to April 1935, there is some
lack of uniformity in the reporting of
age in this census.
Color-Statistics a re presented for
all workers, and for workers of the white
and Negro races, respectively. The statistics for all workers include data for
persons of races other than the white or
t he Negro and for persons of unknown color or race. Statistics for workers of
races other than white ?,nd Negro have not
been separately tabulated.
Urban
and Rural Place of Residence-
. The statistics for the United States are
presented by urban and rural place of resldence of the workers on relief. The definitions of urban and rural adopted were
those used by the United States Bureau of
the Census int he Census of 1930. "Urban"
places of residence include all cities
and incorporated places with a population
of 2,500 or more persons in 1930. "Rural"
places of residence include open country
areas, and town and unincorporated places
with a population of fewer than 2,500 persons in 1930. In the New England States,
and in some other States, towns ( townships} are classified as urbAn if they
have a population of 2,500 or more and
certain urban characteristics. The Bureau
of the Census practice was followed in
these instances.
AREAS SAMPLED
Because of administrative requirements
at the time of enumeration, the data reported for New York City, and for Cook
County, Illinois, including the city of
Chicago, are not based on a complete count
of the Occupational Classification Records. The data for New York City are
based on a 10-percent sample, selected
at random, of relief households with workers; the data for Cook County, Illinois,
including the city of Chicago, are based on
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a 20-percent sample, similarly selected,
of relief households with workers. In
choosing the sample, an index was prepared
for all households which received relief
during the month studied. Households were
selected at random from this index in accordance with the sampling ratio. In New
York City every tenth household in the
index was chosen, and in Cook County,
Illinois, including the city of Chicago,
every fifth household. The data thus obtained were multiplied by the sampling
ratio in each case, before they were included in the tables for the respective
States .
OCCUPATIONAL CLASSIFICATION
The Occupational Classification used
in the material reported here differs from
the classification in the General Report
on Occupations of the Fifteenth Census
of the United States. A table indicating
the relationship between the two classifications is available in the Labor Inventory Section of the Division of Social
Research of the Works Progress Admi n ist ration. The basic code used in classifying the occupations reported in this
volume was prepared by Dr. Gladys L. Palmer
and was published by the Works Progress
Administration in Circular No. 2, Occupational Classification and Code, July 1935.
A detailed list of occupational designations, classified in accordance with this
code, is available in Circular No. 2A, Index of Occupations (Alphabetical Arrangement), published by the Works Progress
Administration, September 1935.
The Occupational Class if icat ion was.
d~signed to secure uniformity throughout
the country in the classification of workers eligible to be employed on projects
under the Emergency Relief Appropriation
Act of 1935. It is, therefore, a special
purpose classification.
Greater detail
is offered for the identification of occupations in the building and construction
INTRODUCTION
industries and other types of work which
are important for placement purposes in
the Works Program. Less detail is available for .manufacturing and other industries, although many of the standardized
mechanical occupations are specifically
identified. The items in this Occupational Classification are not intended to
off er a complete list of specific occupations. With certain exceptions, as in
the building and construction industries,
they are categories for groups of closely
allied occupations.
LIMITATIONS OF COMPARISONS
A statement is p r esented in the appendix indicating the limitations of comparisons of the occupational statistics for
workers on relief in March 1935 with the
st at ist ics for gainful workers in 1930
as reported in the Fifteenth Census of
the United States.
FURTHER STATISTICS AVAILABLE
In addition to the statistics presented
in this preliminary volume, the following
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5
data based on the census of workers on
relief in March 1935 are also available
in the Division of Social Research of the
Works Progress Administration: (1) detailed statistics for each State of the
_type presented for the United States in
this volume; (2) similar statistics in
less detail for all cities in the United
States with a population of 100,000 or
more persons in 1930; (3) similar statistics in condensed form for each county
in the Uni. ted St._a tes.
In order to provide more current data
on the occupational characteristics of
workers on relief anot ner census was
taken on January 15, 1936, which enumerated the usual occupations of workers and
economic heads of families eligible for
Works Program employment -on that date.
Preliminary summary data, based on this
later census, are now being prepared for
publication. A statement will be presented in this later volume indicating
the limitations of comparisons of the
data for January 15, 1936,with those for
March 1935.
•
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•
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TABLES
United States Summary
Workers on Relief
8
WORKERS ON RELIEF-UNITED STATES
TABLE I-WORKERS' ON RELIEF, BY USUAL OCCUPATION, COLOR, AND SEX, FOR THE UNITED STATES.2 MARCH 1935
WHITE
NEGRO
USUAL OCCUPATION
TOTAL ••••••••••••••••••••••••
2
3
4
TOTAL
HALE
FfflALE
TOTAL
MALE
FfflALE
TOTAL
6,152,639
4,455,665
1,696,974
5 ,046,897
3,776,283
1 , 270 ,614
906,356
Architects ................ .... .............. ... ......... , .
Artists, sculptors, and tee.chers or art •••••••••••••••••••
Chemists, e.sse.yers, and JD8te.l lur gists •••••••••••••••••••••
Clergymen e.nd religious workers •••• • ••• • •••••••••••••• •• ••
10
11
12
13
14
16
16
17
Draftsmen ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• ••• •••••••••••••••
Engineers (technice.l) ••• •••••••·"•"•••••••"••••••••••••
Lawyers, judges, and justices ........................... ..
Li braril1llB and libre.rians' e.s s iata.nts .................... .
Musicians and teachers of music .......................... .
Nurses ( trained or registered) •.....•..•..................
Physicians, surgeons, e.nd dentists ••••••••••••••••••••••••
Playground lllld recree.tional workers •••••••••••••••••••••••
Reporters, editors , e.nd j ourne.lists ••••••••••••••••••••• • •
18
19
20
Teachers ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••
College instructors and professors ••••••••• .• •••••••••••
Primary and secondary school, and teachers (n.e.o. )~ .. ..
20 , 443
283
20,160
21
other professional workers ............................... .
2,921
1,756
1,165
2 ,713
1,672
1,041
22
other semiprofessional workers ••••• • ••••••••••••••.•••••••
Abstre.cters, i;otaries, and justice s or pee.c_e. •• •••••••• ,
Technicians and laboratory assistants •••••••••••••••••••
Semiprofessional workers (n.e.c.), ..................... .
8,103
183
1,290
6,630
6,975
150
1,012
5,813
1,128
7,468
180
1,196
6,092
6,416
147
926
5,343
1,052
33
270
749
6
7
8
9
23
24
26
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
36
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
46
46
47
48
49
60
51
62
53
54
56
56
67
68
69
60
Ill
62
63
114
65
66
67
118
69
70
71
72
73
74
76
529 ,070
FEMALE
377,286
Ac:~?.~~=~~~•~:~•~~:~•~~~~::::::: :::::::::::::::r-----8-:;-!"-;:,;;;;g:?:;~-t--...;;48';2;-~,~;-;;;,;;-~-t--...:3~~.L-;,;c:;~;i';;-+--'7-=!-'-',~~~;';:~-+--'43:,:l.i. ,:=i~e::!'-+-....:2~i~;;:;:~;'----4-___:7.....::;:;;,;~:........j----'4:.,i,•.: :.~:~~::. . . -i~___:3: .£.: :~.: :;~~
654
2,900
806
3 , 011
954
4,545
6,286
852
868
14,922
6,813
677
2,269
1, 367
5
HALE
Designers •. . ........•.....................................
646
2,113
787
2,838
590
4,506
6,278
827
128
11,144
263
628
1,478
1,066
8
787
19
173
36 4
39
8
25
7 40
3,778
6,560
49
791
302
641
2,782
762
1,832
928
4,444
6,201
800
832
12,660
6,378
600
1,956
1, 321
633
2 ,031
744
1,709
573
4,405
6,193
777
124
9,367
256
555
1,283
1,023
8
751
18
123
355
39
8
23
708
3,293
6,122
45
673
298
5
79
25
1,133
18
31
35
47
29
1,774
386
66
289
23
5
51
25
1,084
13
31
35
45
4
1,329
4
64
174
21
4,645
194
4,451
15,798
89
15,709
17,375
263
17,122
4,114
174
3,940
13,261
79
13,182
2,880
27
2, 85 3
482
33
278
817
28
49
5
2
25
445
381
2
115
2
17
465
2,398
10
2 ,388
147
42
105
476
410
2
61
347
66
2
64
410
3
63
PROPRIETORS, MANAGERS, AND OFF I CIA~ (EXCEPT AGRIC. ) .... ~--7=-9a.;;8-;:;0;,-3-t---'-7-,-5o,;2"';'8-,.9-+---=-4.1.a5:..:l'c'-4-+-..:.7..::.
6.a..:l:-'4"'9-+--'7-=
l-"'0::.::8"'8-+-~4-"06=1-+-----"3"'-6"'8""8"--l-----"3'-'-"'29e,0..__,1-----"39,:,8'-Building contractors......................................
9,137
9,129
8
8,765
8,757
8
299
299
Foresters, :forest rangers, and timber cruisers.. ..........
579
579
565
565
4
4
Hucksters, peddlers , and junk and rag dealers.............
12 ,207
11,970
237
10,204
10,053
151
1,771
1,687
84
Trucking, transfer e.nd oab companies, e.nd gs.re.gee.........
2,502
2,474
28
2,315
2,293
22
168
162
6
Retail dealers and managers (n.e.c. ) ................. .... .
24 , 082
22 , 656
1,426
23, 301
21 , 948
1,353
492
441
51
other proprietors , managers, and officials................
31,296
28,481
2,815
29,999
27 ,472
2 , 527
95 4
697
257
OFFICE 'WORKERS •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• i---2.,,.15,,....,,.5..,.
oo
-,--+-_1..,.2.,..
1 ..,1,.,.2~9---'-8_7._,7,...,7.ac.l-+---'2'-'06
"'-.L.7...C6-'-0--+---'l;.;;2""
2.,_08
;..;..;;.
8--+-...;;8..;;.4.,_6;;..;7..;;.2___._
25,164
16,626
8,538
24,696
16,348
8,348
6,052
1,216
4,836
5,931
l,'190
4,741
Clerks (n.e . c .)...... ... ..................................
108,306
80,532
27,774
103,204
76,794
26 ,410
Messengers and office boys......... .. .....................
10,904
10,613
291
9,897
9 , 657
240
Office machine operators................ ... ...............
2 , 313
832
1,481
2,273
8 15
1,458
Office managers and bank tellers..........................
2,885
2 , 534
351
2 , 848
2,498
350
Stenographers, atenotypista, and dicta phone ope re.tors.....
23,710
1,954
21, 756
22,930
1,890
21 ,040
Telegraph and radio operators..... .. ......................
3,359
2,977
382
3,313
2,935
378
Telephone operators.......................................
10 ,719
627
10,092
10,543
581
9 ,962
Typists...................................................
13,546
1,758
11,788
12,962
1,67 2
11,290
other clerical and allied workers.........................
8,542
8,060
482
8,163
7,708
455
Bookkeepers, accountants, and au ditors....................
Cashiers (except in banlcs)................................
___;;;6.L.;;.;31::..:6----1---'4'-"-"'06'-'7--11----'2:..L::.248.::.;;.__
210
90
120
72
19
53
3 , 861
2,766
1,095
836
787
49
27
11
16
9
9
504
30
474
6
5
1
86
41
45
422
60
372
28 2
259
23
S.AIESMEN AND KINDRED 'WORKERS, ••••••• , • , • • • ••• •• ••••••••• ,...._...l;.;:.8_1...o.ac.
26....._+-...;;laaa
2.a.4""2aa.9.;..5-+--'5..;..6'-'7. . ;;3~1-+--'l:;..;.7..;..
3.-.;7..;;.3-'9--+--'l::..:l;.;:.
8.._9;..;;5..,.
0___._...;;5....;;4.,_7...:8aa.9___._--=4.._5'-'l::..:3----1---=3J...::.44::..;7_1-----=l:.,...;..06;;.;:6'-5,625
4,238
1,387
5,436
4,127
1,309
139
70
69
5,763
5,618
145
5,685
5 , 556
129
37
22
15
Newsboys..................................................
3 ,796
3,734
62
3,380
3,324
56
338
333
5
Real estate agents and insurance agents...................
13,674
12,291
1,383
12,904
11,638
1,266
643
537
106
Salesmen and saleswomen (retail stores)...................
115,861
65 ,752
50 ,109
111,377
62,817
48,560
2 , 462
1,710
752
other sales person-a and kindred workers...................
36,307
32,662
3 ,645
34,957
31,488
3 ,46 9
894
775
119
Canve.s sers (solicitors, any)..............................
Commercial travelers......................................
SKI LIED WORKERS AND FOREM!N IN BLDG. AND CONSTRUCTION ••• t---'4"9_2.._3""49
....._+-..,.4"-9""2..,3'-"49-+----+--'45=8...,9'-"3=6--+_45=
8-"'9'-'3=6--+------+----=2:.::5.._9= -=l:.::0----1--=2:.::5.a=91.,0--11-----Bla cksmiths............................... . ...............
15,983
15,983
15,078
15 ,078
598
598
Boilermakers •••••••• ,., ••• , •••••••• , .... ,.................
6,606
6,506
6,192
6,192
168
168
Bricklayers e.nd stonemasons ....... ••••....................
33 , 886
33 , 886
30,405
30 ,405
2 ,612
2,612
Carpenters................................................
135,159
135,159
128,624
128,624
4,723
4,723
Cement finishers............... .. ........ ......... ........
21,961
21,961
16,522
16,522
4 , 706
4,706
Electricians.,. •••• ., ............. ,,....... ... .. .. ...... . .
22,183
22,183
21, 759
21,759
228
228
ForellMln: constru cti on (except road).......................
11,781
11,781
11, 32 4
11,324
336
336
Fore11en: road and atrHt oon,truction.......... .... .... ...
8,325
8,325
8,105
8,106
111
111
Operators or engineer11 ste.t 1 y e.nd pcl".t. oonstr. equip.'t..
32 ,226
32 , 226
30,279
30 ,27 9
1 , 541
1,541
Painters (not in f actory).................................
111,274
111,274
104,750
104 ,750
5 , 077
5, 077
Paper hangers .............. ,..............................
3,920
3,920
3 ,423
3,423
448
448
Plasterers .............. ,.................................
17,999
17,999
14,784
14,784
2 ,855
2,855
Plumbers, gas e.nd steaa fitter■ ...........................
32,845
32,845
31,608
31,608
799
799
Roofers...................................................
7,615
7,615
7,105
7,105
410
410
Sheet metal workers.......................................
3 ,148
3,148
3,087
3,087
31
31
Stonecutters &lld oarwr,..................................
3,838
3,838
3 ,711
3,711
79
79
Structural iron and ste el workers.........................
9 ,532
9,532
9, 22 1
9 , 221
160
160
Setters: 11&rble, stone, an4. tile..........................
4 , 076
4,076
3 , 842
3,842
183
183
Othe r skilled worker ■ in building and construction........
10 , 092
10,092
9 ,11 7
9 ,117
845
845
SKILLED 'WORXERS AND FOREl1!1( IN MFG. & 0'11lER IIIDUSTRIES. • i---=2-=-44......,.8=3=--l-+----=2a.:4:..l.._3=3"--7-+--"3 ~4=9-=-4-+---=2=-=2=8...,8:.::5=6-+--'2=-=2=5...,5'-'3=5-+------"3-"'
, 3::..:2c::l___._...:lc::2..1..6::..:3:.::0----1--=l:..::2ca..""-'49::..::2' --<t------'"13"-'8'-6,819
6 , 819
6,628
6,628
96
96
7 , 596
7 ,562
44
6, 789
6,748
41
580
578
3,506
3,497
9
3 ,476
3,467
9
9
9
14,433
13,219
1,214
13,902
12,744
1,158
417
371
46
17,340
16,543
797
16,497
15,728
769
673
550
23
13,473
13,473
12,619
12,619
761
761
36,325
36,326
35,362
35,362
563
563
68,189
68,189
63,2 26
63,226
3 ,954
3 , 954
17,172
17 ,l.72
14, 533
14,533
2,360
2,360
9,721
9,721
8,733
8 ,7 33
858
858
10,540
10,147
393
10 , 202
9 ,820
382
168
162
6
6,683
6,029
654
5,904
5,305
599
630
585
45
6,237
6 , 237
6 , 039
6 , 039
109
109
7,165
7,163
2
6 , 376
6 , 374
722
72 2
16
19 , 632
19, 25 1
381
18, 570
18 , 209
36 1
830
814
80
81
82
83
84.
85
86
87
Cabinetiu.lcers.............................................
Cobblers and shoe repe.iran...............................
Conductors: stelll!l and street railroe.ds, and buses.........
For-n (in factorie a)........ ... .........................
Foremen and inapeotora (except in factories)..............
Locomotive engineer, and firemen..........................
Machi~ists, millwright ■ , and too1-nra...................
Mechanics (n.e.c.)........................................
Molders, founlfors, and outers (1D8tal)... .• ........... ....
Sawyers..... . ........................ .... ....... ....... ...
Skilled workers in printing and engre.ving...... .. . . . ... . ..
Tailors and furrier,......................................
Tinsmiths and copper ■mitha.. ......... ............ ... ......
Metal workers (except gold and silver) (n.e.c.),..........
Skilled workers in mfg, and other industriea (n.e.c . ) .....
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
SEMISKILIED WORKERS IN BUIU>IIIG AND COIISTRUCTION •..•••• '1--....;;3=10""'""0~52= --+---3..:a
l0
-"-'-'0~6=2 -+----+-...;;2::..:6..;..8,1.;:5;...;.7..;..
8 --+--'2""6"""
8...,5;.. ;.7. ;. 8---+~-----+---=3=5.,_3'-'5'""1----l_-'3""5.._3
""5:..:l--11-----Apprentices in building and conatruotion... ... .. • .. .. .. • ..
1,576
1,576
1,444
1,444
78
78
As phalt workers ........................................ •••
1,182
1,182
397
397
720
720
Blasters {except i n mines)..... ............ . ....... .......
2,492
2,492
2 , 279
2,279
135
135
Caisson workers .......... ••.• • ., . . ...... .. , •• ,............
312
312
252
252
57
57
Calkers ..................... .,., ••••••••• ., • • • • • • • • • .. • .. •
889
889
703
703
172
172
Firemen (except locomotive and fire department)...........
25,977
25 ,977
20,866
20,866
4,761
4,761
76
77
78
79
1
Includes workers 16 through 64 years or a ge.
2
For qualifications or these ste.ti stic s, se e statement on page 18.
3Inc ludes white, Negro, other, and unknown color or race ,
•Not elsewhere classified.
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
OCCUPATION
9
TABLE I-WORKERS ON RELIEF, BY USUAL OCCUPATION, COLOR, AND SEX, FOR THE UNITED STATES: MARCH 1935Continued
TOTAL
NEGRO
WHITE
USUAL OCCUPATION
TOTAL
HALE
F:E?!ALE
TOTAL
HALE
TOTAL
FEMALE
HA.LE
96
96
97
98
99
100
SEl'!ISKILLED WORKERS IN BLDG. AND CONSTRUCTION - Cont.
Oper&tors of building and construction equipment •••••••••
Pipelaye r a ., •• ,,, •••• ,.,.,.,, ,,, ,,.,,,.,,,,,,.,,,,,,, ••• ,
Rodmen and cha.imnen (surveying) ••••••••• • , • , , • ••••••• , •••
Truck and tra.ctor drivers •••• , •••••••••••••••••••••••••••
Welders •••••• , •••••••• • ••••.•••••••• • ••••• ,, •• , •• ,,, •. , ••
other semiskilled workers in building and construct ion. ,.
101
102
103
104
106
106
107
108
109
110
SEHI SKI IJ..ED WORKERS IN MFG. AliD OTHER INDUSTRIES .••••• • 1----8=6-'9 ""'8"'8-'-5-+-'6"'2"'"8._4""6-'-9-+--'2...4=1.._4=1=6-+-_7__6=4.._5=-'7....
4-+-_5_ 5___9~.8=-'9"1'-+--''
204
'""""-=-68....3,-+_ _8'""'8~19=-'9'-+_ _5'""'6'-"-'-5-=-81"-+-----'-'31~6-=-18"-Bakers... ................................... . ............
12 , 479
11, 803
676
11,559
11,014
545
583
460
123
Bra.kemen (ra.ilroad) ••••• ,,, •••·•·••••••·•"···· .•••••••••
9 , 878
9,878
9 , 468
9,468
322
322
Deliverymen .... ... ......................... .. ...... . .....
32 ,9 76
32,976
26 , 738
26 , 738
5,708
5,708
Dressmakers and milliners, •• ; .,,.,,.......... .. ..........
47,594
589
47 , 005
40 , 452
520
39 , 932
5 , 576
47
5 , 529
Filers, grinders, buffers, and polishers (metal ) .........
13 , 949
13,666
283
12 ,966
12,696
270
855
844
11
Furnacemen, heaters, smeltermen, etc . (metal working)... .
5,907
5,907
4 , 414
4 , 414
1,346
1 , 346
Guards, watchmen, and doorkeepers (except railroad)......
12,673
12,655
18
11,505
11,490
15
1,013
1 , 010
3
Handicraft workars: textile, wood, leather, metal, etc.,,
803
398
405
671
330
341
65
33
32
Inside workers: mines .................. . .............. ,..
105,092
105,092
96 , 497
96,497
5 , 811
5, 811
111
112
113
114
Operatives (n . e.c , ') in mfg. and allied industries ... , . ,.,
Chemi cal and allied industries ••• , ••••• ,, ••••• ,,.,, ••• ,
Cigar , cigarette, and tobacco factories , ••• , , •• , , • , • , ••
Clay, glass, and s tone industries ....... , ...... , ...... ,
498 , 894
9,995
14,102
15,766
313 , 096
7 , 061
5 , 132
14,358
185 ,798
2 ,934
8 ,970
1 , 408
439 , 055
8 ,634
8,963
13,534
281 , 653
5 , 857
3,677
12,274
1 57,402
2, 777
5,286
1 , 260
51 ,337
1 , 243
5 , 018
1 , 518
26,190
1 , 120
1,398
1 ,382
25 , 147
123
3 , 620
136
115
116
117
118
Clothing industries .,,,.,., ,, •• ,,,,,,, ••• • ,,, •• ,., •••• ,
Shirt, co l lar and cuff factories •• ,.,.,,.,, •• , •• , • •• ,
Suit, coat, and dress factories. , ... , . .. , ........... .
Clothing industries ( n.e.c.) ......... . ..... . ........ .
59 , 314
6 ,617
25 ,475
27 , 222
17 , 531
1,102
8,374
8 , 055
41 ,783
5 ,515
17,101
19 , 167
52,021
6, 274
21 ,1 24
24 , 623
16,003
1 , 081
7,486
7 , 436
36 , 018
5 , 193
13 ,63 8
17,187
6 , 181
273
3,852
2 , 056
1 , 310
11
796
503
4 , 8 71
262
3 , 056
1 , 553
16,021
2,889
2 ,407
204 ,771
8 , 913
42,623
13 , 724
2, 254
2,324
180, 284
8 , 522
35,529
16,021
2 ,889
2,407
204,771
8 , 913
42,623
13, 7-24
2 , 254
2 ,324
180, 284
8 , 522
35,529
1 , 8 76
531
48
20 ,638
271
6 , 064
1 , 876
531
48
20,638
271
6 , 064
119
Electr ic light and power plants . , •• ,.,., • • , •••••••• .,.,
1 , 068
1,042
26
1,037
1 , 0 12
25
20
20
120
121
122
123
Food and beverage industries,., ........... ,., .... , •••••
Bakeries , ., ,,.,,,,., •••• ,, •••• ,.,.,,, •••••••• ,., ••• ,.
Slaughter and meat packing houses •• , ••• , • • , ••••• ,,.,,
Food and bevera.ge industries (n.e,o, ), •• , •• , ...... ,,,
48,644
4 , 732
10,523
33,389
24 , 475
2 , 833
7,183
14,459
24 , 169
1,899
3,340
18 ,930
40,136
4 , 342
8,046
27 ,74 8
20,192
2 , 519
5, 244
12,429
19,944
1 , 823
2 , 802
15 ,319
6,581
299
2 ,114
4 ,16 8
3 ,3 88
251
1,649
1 ,4 88
3 , 193
48
465
2 , 680
124
126
126
127
128
129
Iron and steel, machinery, and vehicle industries, •• ,.,
Automobile fact or i e s , ... , .. ,., .. , .. , .. ,.,,, •. , .... , ..
Automobile repair shops •• ,,., •••••••••••••••••• , •••••
Blast furnaces 11.Ild steel rolling mills,.,,,.,,,,., •••
Car and railroa.d shops •••••• ,., ••• , •• , ...... , .. ,., •• ,
Iron and steel, ma.ohinery, & vehicle ind's {n,e,c.) ••
86 ,945
24 ,36 5
1,785
10,842
10,989
38,964
82 , 414
22 , 716
1,764
10 , 577
10,963
36 , 394
4,531
1,649
21
265
26
2 ,57C
79 , 437
23,252
1,527
8 , 917
10,277
35, 464
75,106
2 1, 653
1, 506
8 , 661
10, 253
33,033
4 ,3 31
1 , 599
21
256
24
2 ,431
6 , 457
907
221
1,794
559
2 , 976
6,286
867
221
1 , 788
557
2 , 853
171
40
2
123
130
131
132
133
134
Laundries and dry cleaning establishments .. ......... .. .
Lumber and furni ture industries ••••••• , ••• , ,,, •• ,,, •• ,.
Metal i ndustries (except iron and steel), ,,,., .. ,,,, •• ,
Paper, printing, and allied industries., ,,,,.,, •• ,,, •••
Shoe fa.otories .... ,,,, ... ,., .. , ,, ,.,,, •• ,., . ,, ... ,.,,.,
34 , 364
32 , 342
14 , 643
19,411
21 ,109
10, 563
30, 221
11,229
13,020
14,429
23 , 801
2 ,1 21
3 , 414
6 , 391
6 ,680
19 , 899
29 , 036
13 , 703
18,42 1
20 , 790
6 , 681
27 , 134
10, 453
12 ,3 52
14,181
13,218
1 ,902
3, 250
6,069
6-,6 09
13 , 575
2, 852
673
78 7
159
3, 524
2 ,6 55
561
522
118
10 , 051
197
112
265
41
135
136
137
138
Textile industries,,,,,,,,,,,, • • •• , ••• ,, •• ,,,. ,., .,,.,.
Cotton mills. ,, ••• , ••• ,,.,,,,.,.,, •• • ,,,,,,,,,,,,,.,.
Woolen and worsted mills , ......... , .......... .... ,.,.
Textile i n dus tries (n,e, c,),,.,,,,, •.••••• , •••• ,,,, ••
83 ,952
31 ,411
9 ,6 59
42 , 882
42 , 28 7
16,418
5,325
20,544
41 ,6 65
14 ,99 3
4 , 3;,4
22 ,338
81 , 356
30,73 5
9 , 466
41 , 155
40 , 978
15,953
5, 231
19 , 794
40 ,378
14,782
4,235
21 ,3 61
1 , 959
559
93
1 , 307
948
394
35
519
1 , 011
165
58
788
6
139
Misc . and not specified manufacturing indust r ies , •••• ,,
57 , 239
39 , 334
17,905
52 , 088
35,753
16 , 335
4,314
2 , 958
1 , 356
140
141
142
143
Painters, varnishers, enamelers, e tc, (factory) ......... .
Switchmen, flagmen, and y ardmen ( railroa.d ) ,.,,., •··•••• ••
Taxi c ab d rivers, bu s d ri vers, and chauffeurs ............ .
Other semiskilled workers in mfg . and other industries •••
14,055
7,4 53
28 , 060
80 , 072
13,427
7 , 453
27 ,798
73 , 731
628
12 ,995
6, 898
21, 095
70,261
12,459
6 , 898
20 , 845
64 , 869
536
767
456
6 , 623
7,737
682
456
6 , 614
7 , 058
85
144
145
146
147
148
149
UNSKILLED LABORERS (EXCEPT IN AGRICULTURE) •••••••••• , • 't---'8._.9..::.9...,6'-"80_5_-+---'8'-"9"'0,..;3"-'4"'0-+-----"9..,_. 3"'4'-"5-+-_6,,_.,6'-"5"-9
""5""'7-+--""65::.::9'-'-""
26::.::9'--t---'6~68,,_.,8'-+_..._19,,_.,6""'-=13"-'8'-+_.:.l::.:93~6"'-'83'-+---'2::.L.::4.:e;55::..._
Labore r s i n manufacturing and allied industries ... .......
196, 574
190,155
6,41 9
144, 053
138,986
5 , 06 7
47 , 244
45,992
1 ,252
Clay, glass , and stone industries . ...... .. •· •·•··•··•••
20 , 006
19,750
256
15,494
15 , 295
199
3 , 83 6
3 ,780
56
I r on and steel , machinery, and vehicle industries......
59 ,710
59,344
366
43 , 236
42 , 917
319
15, 129
15,087
42
Lumber and furniture industries... ........ ... .. .... ....
29,602
29 , 223
379
21 , 422
21,128
294
7, 723
7 , 641
82
Other manufacturing and allied industries .,............
87 , 256
81,838
5,418
63 , 901
59 , 646
4 , 255
20 , 556
19 , 484
1 , 072
150
151
152
153
154
155
1 56
Laborer s except in mfg . and allied industries • •••• , ••••••
Mines, quarries , and oil and gas wells,, ., •• , •• , .• , ••••
Odd jobs (general) •• •• • • •••••• , ••••••••••••••••••••••••
Railroad s ( ste am and street ) •••••••• ••••• , •••••••••••••
Roads , streets, a.nd sewers •.• • .••••••• • •... •...... .••••
St ores (including porters i n stores) •••••••••••••••••••
Laborers and helpers (n. e.o.) in bldg. and cons t .. .. ,.,
157
Long shoremen and ste vedore e • ....•. .. . ............•.••••
158
159
160
161
Lumbermen , raftsmen, and wood choppe r s •••• , ••••••.••••••
Street cleane r s, garbage men , o..'1<1 scavengers •• ••••••• ,.
Teamsters and d raymen ••• • •••••••• •••••••• ••••••••••••••
Other labore r s , except mfg . and allied ind's ( n ,e. c . ) ,.
703 , 111
42,474
134,444
68,376
112,829
35,897
158,029
13 , 053
38 ,485
3 , 005
26 , 074
70,445
700,185
42,474
132 ,441
68 , 374
112 , 829
35, 531
158 , 029
13 , 053
38 , 485
3 , 005
26, 0 74
69,890
262
6,341
2 , 926
2 , 003
2
366
555
521 , 904
38,974
98 , 581
49,592
85 , 458
20 , 912
111,571
6,870
34,859
1 , 936
21, 594
51 , 55 7
520 , 28 3
38, 974
97 , 507
49 , 592
85 , 458
20 ,7 09
111 , 571
6 , 870
34,859
1,936
21 , 594
51 , 213
250
5, 392
1 , 621
1 , 074
203
344
148,894
2 , 584
27 , 610
14,011
21 , 404
14,205
39,778
5 , 978
2 , 464
1 , 017
3 , 686
16 , 157
147,691
2 , 584
26 ,751
14,009
21 , 404
14 , 054
39 ,778
5 , 978
2 , 464
1 , 01 7
3 , 686
15 , 966
9
679
1 , 203
85 9
2
151
191
162
163
164
166
166
167
168
169
170
171
172
173
174
175
DOMESTI C AllD PER SONAL SERVICE WORKERS ••••• , ••• , ••••••• •1---6=1=6-8=8..::.3-i-~l~
.6.a.'9_3~0-l+-_4=4~7~5~
; 8~2 +-_3=2~7~7~'3~7+-~10=0~ 58=6'-+_=
2 2~7~15~il'-+_=
2 7'"'6""-"26=5'-+---""
64,..
, ·..::.
3=08'-+_..::.
2.=alla..,.;:.9.::..57~
Barber and beauty shop worke rs......... . .... .. ...........
21,193
16 , 358
4 , 835
18 , 026
14 ,305
3 , 721
2 , 772
1 , 697
1 , 075
Bootblacks.............................................. .
3 , 344
3 , 311
33
1, 263
1 , 254
9
2 , 020
1 ,996
24
Cleaners and charwomen ••• , ...... , ••• , ••• , ••••••••• , •• ,.,.
32,507
2 , 764
29 , 743
14 , 270
1,838
12 , 43 2
17 , 870
878
16 , 992
Cooks and chefs (except in private family) ...............
42 ,877
28 , 465
14 ,412
29 , 248
19,603
9 , 645
12 , 582
8 , 019
4 , 563
Ele vator ope r ato r s, ••• • ••••••••••••••••• ,................
9 , 316
7,974
1 , 342
5 , 913
5 , 213
700
3 , 288
2 ,666
622
Janitors, care take rs, and sextons.. ........... . .. ........
31 , 964
28 , 284
3 ,6 80
17 , 037
14 , 851
2 , 186
14 , 362
12 ,916
1 , 446
Laund r esse s (not i n l a und ry ) ..................... . .......
53 , 660
514
53 ,146
9,750
156
9 , 594
42 , 867
339
42 , 528
Portera (except in stores) ............................. ,.
20 , 502
20 , 412
90
4 , 725
4 , 670
55
15 , 546
15 , 512
34
Prac tical nurses, hospital attendants , and orde r lies. ....
20 , 888
3 , 10 1
17 ,7 8 7
18, 319
2 ,699
15 , 620
2 , 366
364
2 , 002
Servants (hotels, boarding houses , etc , ) (n, e.c. ) ••... • • ,
37 ,8 86
16 , 871
21 , 0 15
21 ,932
11 , 242
10, 690
14,943
4 ,944
9 , 999
Servants (private family) ................................
238 ,614
4 , 800
233 , 814
108 , 383
1,678
106 , 705
125 , 461
2 , 902
122 , 559
Waiters , waitresses, and bartenders ••.•••••• ··•·•·•··••••
45,695
15, 258
30 , 437
37 ,836
10,518
27 ,31 8
6 ,955
4,319
2 , 636
Othe r domestic and personal service wo r ke r s .. . ...........
58 , 437
2 1 , 189
3 7 , 24 8
41 , 035
12 ,559
28 , 476
15 , 233
7 , 756
7,477
l 76
l 77
178
179
FARM OPERATORS AND IA BORERS •••••••• • , ••••• , •••• , ..•••• , • 1--....;9....:.
9.;;..
3 '-"7....:.
6.;;..
6 -+----'9....:3_7.r.c3;...7....:.
3---.._....:5....:.
6.._3:;.:9....:.
3- + -8"'-'3....:.6.._2~6....:4-+--8'--'0'""9.,_1""2'""3--+--2'-7=-14:..:;l--+-.;;;.ll:;;..;5c.,.,.c..94:..:;l-+_ _8;:;..::8:...<.;;.
86.:..2-+_.....::.;
27c.,.:;.0.:..;79 '-Farm foremen, managers, and overseers................. ...
2 , 89 1
2 , 834
57
2, 732
2 , 675
57
64
64
24 , 955
Farm laborers............ ... . .............. .. ............
532 , 22 7
483,524
48,703
4 17,480
395 , 780
21,700
82 , 205
57 ,25 0
2 , 124
Fa.rmers . .. ·•••••·•·· ..........•...•....•. ....... . ,,, . . .•.
458 , 648
451,015
7 , 6 33
416 , 052
4 10 , 668
5 , 384
33 , 672
31,548
180
181
182
I NEXPERIENCED PERSONS ••• , • , ••••••• , ••••••••••• , ••••• •• , i---9~5~6 _0=1~
2 _ _2_e~2 ~. 8~2~8-t-_6__7~3.1__8~4-i-_8__2"'C'6_9__3~1-i--2:-::5,..,.1_ 8.....8,,,.8'-+_.....
5 7,..,.5~04:-::3'-+_~10:-::7,.._,.,24=-:0,-+_ _2,,..,5,..._,,.07,,..,6,......._ _8,,..2--1,,,64,-Persons 16- 24 years of age ( inclusi ve ) ........... ... .....
599 , 762
264, 069
335,69 3
529 , 634
236 , 801
292 , 833
57 , 072
22 ,286
34,786
Persons 25 years of age and over............. .. .. .... ... .
356,250
18 , 759
337,491
297 , 297
15, 087
282 , 210
50 , 168
2 ,79 0
47 , 378
183
UNKNOWN OCCUPATION•••• ,., ••• ,.,.,, •••••••.•••• , •••• , ••
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
210 747
127 504
83 . 243
140 55 1
86 647
53 904
26 254
11 , 921
14 , 333
10
WORKERS ON RELIEF-UNITED STATES
1
TABLE 2-WORKERS ON REIJEF IN URBAN AREAS, BY USUAL OCCUPATION, COIDR, AND SEX, FOR THE UNITED STATES: 2
MARCH 1935
3
TOTAL
WHITE
NEGRO
USUAL OCCUPATION
TOTAL
MALE
FE2'1ALE
TOTAL
MALE
FE2'1ALE
TOTAL
MALE
FEJ1ALE
1
TOTAL .•••••••••••••••••••••••
3 , 986,775
2 , 822 , 6 19
1,164 , 156
3 ,144, 739
2 , 315 ,591
829 ,148
708 ,7 82
409,350
299,432
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
16
16
17
PROFESSIONAL AND TECHNICAL WORKERS •••• ••• •• , • • ••• •• •••••
Aot ors •• , •• ,,,,,., , •••••••••••••••••••••••••• , •••••• • •••.•
Arohite cts ........... ..... .. ...... . ..... .. .. ... . ... . ... ...
Artists, sculptor s , e.nd t eachers of a rt • •••••••• •• •• •• • •• •
Chemists, assayers, e.nd metallurgi s ts •••• • •••• ••• •••••••• •
Clergymen e.nd re ligi ous worke r s •••• •• •••• • •••••.••••••• • ••
De signers . .. .... ..... .•...... •. .. ..•. ...• . ... •... . . .. • .•. ,
Draftsmen ••••••• • • •••• ••••••••••••••••••••• • • •• • •••• •••• ••
Engineers ( technical}, ••••••••• • ••• •• • • •• •••••••••• •••••••
Lawye rs, j udges, e.nd j ustices .............. . .. . . .. . .. .....
Li brarie.ns e.nd librarians' as sistants •• •• .•• •••••• •• • •••••
Mu s i,oie.ns and teachers of musi c ••• ,,, ••• , • ••• • •••••• ••••••
llurses (trained or registered) •• ••••• ••• •••• • •• • • • • •••• •••
Physici ans, surgeons., and dentists • • •••••••••••• • • •• ••••••
Playground and r ecreational worke rs • • • •• •• ••••• ••••• • • • •• •
Repo rters, e ditors, e.nd journalists • ••••••••••••• ••• ••••••
65 , 411
3 , 588
603
2 , 634
697
1, 957
892
4,085
5,205
760
597
13 , 51 2
5,464
616
2 , 078
1,181
41,653
2 , 053
596
1, 928
680
1, 824
553
4, 050
5,197
740
HO
10, 325
220
570
1,373
95 3
23 , 758
1, 535
7
706
17
133
339
35
8
20
48 7
3 ,18 7
6 ,244
46
705
228
57 244
3,054
593
2 , 5 16
65 4
999
866
3 , 992
5 , 127
708
564
11, 324
5,068
542
1, 775
1 , 137
37 042
1 , 752
586
1 , 846
6 38
912
536
3 , 95 7
5 , 119
690
106
8 , 601
215
49 9
1,182
912
20 202
1,302
7
670
16
87
330
35
8
18
458
2 ,723
4,853
43
593
226
7 028
470
4
79
24
938
18
30
32
47
27
1,727
366
65
281
23
3 . 702
263
4
51
24
892
13
30
32
45
4
1, 297
3
63
172
21
3 .326
207
18
19
20
Teache rs ••• ••• •• ••• • • •• •• ••• ••• •••••• • •• ••• • ••••• • ••• •••••
College instructor s e.nd profess ors ••••••••••• •• ••• ••• . ••
Primary and secondary school, e.nd t eache r s (n.e.c. )~ • •• •
11,772
245
11,527
2, 752
168
2 , 584
9,020
77
8 , 943
9,361
217
9,134,
2 , 371
150
2,221
6 ,980
67
6 , 913
2 ,306
26
2 , 280
352
16
336
1,954
10
1,944
21
othe r .profes sional wor ke r s •. • ••••••.•.... • • . ••• •• •• • • •••••
2 , 572
1 , 541
1, 031
2 , 38 2
1 , 465
9 17
142
40
102
22
23
24
25
Other semiprofes si onal worke r s •• •••••••••• • ••• ••• ••• • • •• ••
Abstracte rs, notar ies , and justices of peace . .... .. . . ....
Technicians and laborat ory as s i s tants •• ••••••• • • • ••••• ••
Semiprofessional workers (n. e .c. ) ••.•••••• .•• _•• • •• • •••• ••
7 ,1 98
153
1,192
5 , 853
6,18 6
125
939
5 ,124
1, 0 10
28
253
729
6 , 592
152
1, 099
5,341
6 , 655
124
854
4 ,677
937
28
245
66 4
459
1
63
395
396
1
60
336
63
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
PROPRIETORS, MANAGERS, AND OFFICIALS (EXCEPT AGRIC.) ••• •
Building contract·o rs ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••
Foresters, fore st range rs, e.nd timbe r crui se rs, . •• • •••••••
Hucksters , pedd lers, and junk e.nd rag dealers •••••• •• • • •••
Trucking, transf er e.nd cab companies , and garages •• • ••••••
Retail deale r s and managers (n.e. c.) ••••• • •• •••••• •••••.•.
Othe r proprietors , manage rs, and of ficials •••••••• , •••••••
67 263
7 , 583
228
11,452
2,072
20 , 348
25 , 580
63 596
7,57 5
228
11, 250
2,047
19 , 128
23 , 368
3 667
8
59 . 680
7,236
223
9 ,394
1,873
18 , 494
22 , 460
3 , 26 6
8
133
19
1 ,153
1, 953
3 489
282
3
1,699
166
459
880
3 130
282
3
1, 632
160
410
643
359
202
25
1,220
2 , 21 2
62 946
7, 244
22 3
9 , 527
1, 892
19 , 647
24 , 413
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
OFFICE WORKE!tS •• ••• • • •• • •• •••••• •••• , ••••••••• ••••• • ••••
Bookkeepers , accountants, e.nd a uditor s • ••• • .•• .••••• ••• . • ,
~~=~t: r(n: =~~: r . : ~ .
Messe nge r s e.nd office boys •••••• • •••• •• •• •••••••••••••••••
Office machine o:perators ••••••••••••••••••••••••.•••••••• ,
Office manage r s and bank te lle r s ... . .... ... ....... ... . . .. ,
Steno graphers , ste notypist s , e.nd d icta phone operators •••••
Te le graph and radio o:perators ........................................
Teleph one operator s ••••••••••••••••• ••• • ••• •• ••• ••••••••••
Typi s ts , ••••••••••••••••••••• • ••••••••••••••••••••••••••• •
Othe r clerical and allied worker s •• ,, •••• •••• •••••• •• •• •• .
187 704
20, 927
5,624
97 , 022
10 , 442
2 ,19 3
2 , 643
19,774
2,391
8 , 590
11, 485
6,613
112 563
13,830
1, 096
72 ,450
10,166
786
2,330
1,663
2 , 060
493
1,474
6 , 215
75 141
7, 097
4,528
24 , 572
276
1,407
313
18,111
331
8 , 097
10, 011
398
179 450
20,506
5, 5 10
92 ,16 0
9,467
2 , 154
2 , 609
19 , 050
2 , 353
8 , 432
10 , 930
6 , 27 9
107 233
13 , 585
1 , 070
68, 894
9 , 242
770
2 ,2 97
1, 604
2,025
448
1 , 392
5 , 906
72 217
6 , 921
4,440
23,266
225
1,384
3 12
17 , 446
328
7 , 98 4
9,538
373
6 125
198
69
3, 765
8 15
26
9
487
5
83
416
252
3 931
85
19
2 ,690
766
10
9
29
4
40
49
230
2 194
113
50
1,076
49
16
46
46
47
48
49
50
51
SAIBSl1EN AND KI NDRED WORKERS •••••• , ••••••••••••.•••••• ·••
Canvassers (solicitors , any) ...... ..... . .... ... ..... .... . .
Commercial travele r s •••••••••• • •••••••••• , •• ,, ••••••••••••
Newsboys • •• , ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• , • ••• , •••••••
Real estate agents e.nd insurance agente ••••••••••••• •• ••••
Salesmen and saleswomen (retail s to r es) •• ••••••• ••• ,., ••••
Othe r s ales pe rs ons and kind red worke r s •• • •••••••.• , • ••• • •
154 207
4 , 974
5,160
3 , 485
12, 293
97, 704
30 , 591
105 422
3 , 748
5 , 041
3 ,443
10,979
54 , 841
27,370
48 . 785
1,226
119
42
1,314
42,86 3
3 , 22 1
147 . 511
4 , 797
5 , 092
3,089
11,568
93,593
29,372
100 5 18
3 , 6 44
4,987
3 , 051
10 , 366
52 , 149
26 , 321
46 993
1,153
105
38
1, 202
41 , 444
3 , 061
4 294
133
33
324
614
2 ,364
826
3 276
68
20
321
5 12
1 , 6 43
712
1 0 18
65
13
3
102
721
114
62
53
9
70
71
SKILIBD WORKERS AND FOREMEN IN BLDG. Alffi CONSTRUCTION •••
Blacksmiths ••••••••••••••• , • , , • , •••• , • • ••••••••• , •• , • , , , ••
Boilennakers • • •• •• •• •• • ••• •••••••••••••••• •• •• •• ••••••••••
Bricklayers a.n.d s tone masons . . .... ... .. . .... ... ........ . .....
Carpente rs ••• • ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• ••.•• • •••• •• • ••
Cement fini s he rs ........... .... .. . , ........ . .... .... . • ••• ,
Ele ctricians ................... . . . . , •••••••• • • , , •• , • , •• •••
For emen: construct ion (except road ) . . .......... .. .. ... ....
Fore men: r oad e.nd s tre et construction •• •• • • •••• •• •• ••• ••••
Operators or engine e r s : stat 'y and port . cons tr. equip 't ••
Painters (not in f a ctory) •• • ••••••••• . •••••••••••• , • •• • , ••
PaJ>er hangers .......................................... ••••.
Plas t e r e r s •••••••••• • •• •• ••• • ••• •• .•• , ••.•..•. ••••• •.••• ••
Plumbe rs, ga s e.nd steam fitte rs • • ••• •• •• , •••••••••••••••••
Roofers .•...•...•.•••.•.•..... . . ... . •.•.. , . . .. ,, ..... • .• • •
Sheet metal worke rs ............. , ••••• , •• ,, •• • ,,., ... ,.,.,
Stonecutter s e.nd carw r s • •• •••••••• •••••• • •• • •• •.•••••• • • •
Structur al iron e.nd s tee 1 workers •• •••••• • •••• •• • • ••••••• •
Setters: marble, s tone . and tile •• • •• • •. • • •• .•••• • • •.. ••••
othe r s kil led workers in building and constru ction • . . •• •••
378 312
9,151
5 , 374
27,7 44
92 , 077
).8,037
17, 974
10, 057
5 , 351
21, 040
92 , 667
3 , 203
15 , 300
27, 610
6 , 9 40
2,808
2 , 8 76
8 ,1 57
3 , 746
8 , 200
378 312
9 ,151
5 ,37 4
27 ,7 44
92 , 077
18 ,037
17 , 974
10 , 057
5 ,351
21 ,040
92 , 667
3 , 203
15 , 300
27 , 610
6 ,940.
2 , 808
2 , 876
8 ,157
3 ,746
8 , 200
-
348. 798
8 , 478
5 , 087
24,806
86 , 733
13 , 050
17,604
9,623
5, 181
19 , 381
86 , 609
2,738
12 , 325
26,528
6,447
2 , 756
2,779
7 , 874
3 ,5 22
7 , 277
348 798
8 , 478
5 , 087
24 , 806
86 , 733
13,050
17, 604
9 , 623
6,18 1
19,38 1
86 , 609
2 , 738
12,325
26 , 528
6,447
2,756
2 , 779
7 , 874
3 , 522
7 , 277
-
23 472
466
156
2 ,248
4, 0 29
4,337
208
323
101
1 , 35 7
4 , 8 24
421
2 , 665
718
403
26
53
150
177
810
23 472
466
156
2 , 248
4 , 029
4,337
208
323
101
1, 35 7
4,824
421
2 , 666
718
403
26
53
150
177
8 10
-
2
3
4
6
6
7
8
9
0
1
2
3
4
6
6
7
SKILIED WORKERS AND FOREMEN IN 11FG. cl: OTHER INDUSTRIE S ••
Cabinetmaker s , .• • •............... . ..•.. . ..... , , . , .... , ... .
Cobblers e.nd shoe r e pai:rJnen •••• • •••• ••• •••••• • •• • ••••••• • •
Conductors: steam e.nd st r e et railroads, and bu ses •••••••••
Foremen (in f a ctorie s ) ...... .. .. , ................... . .....
Foremen and inspe ctor s ( except in factorie s) ••••••••••••••
Locomotive e ngineers e.nd fire men ••••• • ••• • ••••• ••••••• •• ••
Machinists, millwright s , and toolmake rs •••••••••••.••.••••
Mechanics (n.e.c. ) •••••••••••• ••••• ••••• •• • , •••• •• ••, •• , ••
Holde r s , founde r s , and c a s t e rs (metal ) • •••• • ••• • • ••••• ,, • •
Sawyers ...................................................
Skille d workers in printing e.nd engr aving ••••• • • • • • •• ••• .•
Tailor s and furriers •• ,,, •••• • , , •• , , • , •• , , •• .••••••• • •. , ••
Tinsmiths e.nd coppersmiths , .. .. , ........ , . .......... .... ..
Metal workers (e xcept gold and silver ) (n.e .c. ) ...... .... .
Skilled worke rs in mfg . e.nd othe r industries (n.e . c . ) .....
191 123
5 , 869
6 , 503
2 , 969
11, 95 1
12,281
9 , 687
29 , 682
48, 328
14, 964
5,086
9 ,436
6 , 328
5 , 434
6 , 127
16,478
188 138
5,869
6 ,464
2 , 962
10,909
11, 597
9 , 687
29 , 68 2
48 , 328
14 , 964
5,086
9 ,155
5,740
5 , 434
6, 125
16, 1 36
2 985
174 228
5 , 691
5 , 742
2,936
10, 488
10 , 906'
8,9 75
28 , 835
43,949
12,471
4,484
8 , 8 49
5 , 049
6,252
5 , 381
15,2 20
2 82 1
2
322
11 36 4
91
526
9
381
520
651
502
3,595
2 , 243
5 44
16 1
607
101
6 91
742
11 . 23 1
91
5 24
9
338
497
65 1
502
3 , 5 95
2 , 243
544
156
563
101
691
726
133
2
342
177 049
5,691
5 ,778
2 , 943
11,479
11,662
8 , 975
28 , 835
43,949
12 ,471
4 , 484
9 ,1 21
5 , 584
5 ,252
5 , 383
15 , 542
88
89
90
9l
92
93
94
SEMISKILIBD WORKERS IN BUILDING AND CONSTRUCTION •• •••• ••
Appre ntices in building and c ons truction, •••••• , • •• • • • ••••
Asphalt workers .. ... ................. .. .......... , •••• ,.,.
Blaste r s ( e xcept in mines) •••• , ............. . ...... . ......
Caisson workers. , •••• ••, • •• •••• •• , ••••••••••••• , ••••••••••
Cal.leers ••• •• •••••••••••••••••••••• •••• ••••••••••••••••••••
Firemen (exce pt l ocomotive and fire department) •••••••••••
233.229
1,321
1,132
1 , 353
283
788
18,954
233 . 229
1,321
1,132
1, 353
283
78 8
18,954
-
196 106
1,198
368
1,198
223
620
14,556
196 106
1, 198
368
1,198
223
620
14,556
-
32 . 282
72
702
110
57
155
4 ,1 36
32 . 282
72
702
110
57
156
4,136
-
54
55
56
57
58
69
60
61
62
63
64
66
66
7
68
~~~!::::::: :: :::: :::::: :::::::::::::
1
Includes wo rker s 16 through 64 years of age .
2
For qualifications of these statistics , see statement on page 18 .
)Inc l udes white , Negro , other, and unknown color or r ace .
'Not elsewhere class ified .
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
-
-
39
7
1,042
684
-
28 1
588
-
-
r
-
36
7
991
656
-
272
535
-
-
28
46
6
-
-2
23
430
353
2
109
2
-
3
60
-
67
6
49
237
-
458
1
43
367
22
2
-
43
23
5
44
-
16
11
OCCUPATION
TABLE 2-WORKERS ON RELIEF IN URBAN AREAS, BY USUAL OCCUPATION, COLOR, AND SEX, FOR THE UNITED STATES:
MARCH 1935-Continued
TOTAL
WHITE
NEGRO
USUAL OCCUPATION
96
96
97
98
99
100
SEMI SKILLED WORKERS I N BI.DG. AND CONSTRUCTION - Cont .
Ope rato r• of building and c onstruction e qu i pment .••••••••
Pipe layers •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••
Rodman and chainmen (surveying) ••••••••••••••••••••••••••
Tru ck and t ractor d r ivers ••••••••.••••••••••••• •.. ••.••••
We l de r s •••••• • •.•• • ••••••••••••••••••••••.• • ••• • •••••••••
Other semiskilled workers in building and construction •••
TOTAf,
MALE
9 , 720
2 , 479
1, 818
150, 758
7, 290
37 , 333
9 , 720
2 , 4 79
1, 818
150 , 758
7, 290
37,333
F.EMALE
TOTAL
7 , 736
1,877
1 ,748
128 , 939
6 , 936
30, 707
MALE
.FmALE
TOTAL
1 , 652
508
42
18,884
257
5, 707
7 , 736
1 , 877
1 , 748
128 , 939
6 , 936
30, 707
FfflALE
HALE
1 ,6 52
508
42
18 , 884
25 7
5, 707
ig~
B~:!~~:~~ • ~~~~~ . :~. ~~: • ~~. ~~ • :~~~:~:~~ : : : : : : :,___6_~~~,..,~-:-;--~- t - -4-:-~-~ .~~-! -! - + _2_0_0 _:.,..,;..,..:-+-5....,i_~-. ~,-:~-:-;- + -4_3-:-~-.~c-::-:-:- ; - -1_6_6~ !.,..,~.,..,;- - t - -7_9~~~cc:;- - t - -1_9~•.,.
: ~,..,~:--t--2_ 9~,..,..
~3,1,..,
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
Br akemen (railroad) ... . ....... ... ............. ........ ...
Deliverymen ••••••• ••••••··••••····•••••••····••·••··•••••
Dressmakers and milliners.... .......... . .................
Filers, gr inders , buffe rs, and polishe rs (metal ) .........
Furnacemen. he a t ers, smelte rmen, etc . (metal working) ....
Ol.lards, watchmen, and doorkeepers (except railroad) ......
Handi c raft worke r s: textile, wood, l eather, metal, etc...
I nsi de worke rs: mines ••• • •••••••••••••••••• • •••• • •• ••••••
7 , 485
29 , 693
30, 430
11 , 79 1
5, 027
10 , 727
482
4 7,882
7 , 485
29 , 693
408
11 , 531
5 , 027
10 , 714
226
47 , 882
30, 022
260
13
256
-
7 ,1 56
23 , 864
24 , 400
10 , 864
3 , 633
9 , 655
407
43 , 344
7, 156
23 , 864
351
10,616
3 , 633
9 , 645
189
43 , 344
24 , 049
248
10
218
-
272
5, 352
4 , 847
817
1 , 281
945
59
3 , 012
272
5, 352
42
807
1 , 281
94 2
27
3 , 012
111
112
113
114
Ope ratives (n. e . c . ) i n mfg . and all ied industries ••••••••
Chemical and al lied i n du stries •••••••••••••••• , •• ••••••
Cigar , cigarette , and tobacc o fa cto r i es •••••••••• ••••• •
Cl ay, g lass , and s t one industri es ••••• ,, •• ,,.,., • ••••• ,
426 , 404
8 , 243
13 , 102
11 , 321
263 , 028
5, 65 7
4 , 725
10, 134
163,376
2 , 586
8 , 377
1 , 187
371 , 401
7, 032
8 , 0 75
9 , 740
235 , 173
4 , 600
3 , 320
8 , 698
136 , 228
2 , 432
4 , 755
1 , 042
47 , 662
1 , 109
4 , 909
1, 272
23 , 532
988
1,348
1 ,137
24 ,1 30
121
3, 56 1
135
115
116
117
118
Clothing industries • •••••••••• ••••••••• • ..• ••••• •••••••
Shirt, collar and cuff f a ctor ies ••••••••• • • •• ••• • .•••
Suit , coat, and d ress f a cto r ie s ••••••••••••••••••••••
Clothing indu st r ie s ( n. e . c.) •••••••••••••••••••••••••
54 , 392
5 , 257
24 , 260
24 , 875
16,791
920
8 , 183
7 , 688
37 , 601
4 , 337
16 , 077
17, 187
47 , 211
4 , 937
19,958
22 , 316
15 , 296
903
7 , 314
7, 079
31 , 915
4 , 034
12 , 644
15 , 237
6 , 122
26 6
3 , 820
2 , 03 6
1 , 292
11
784
497
4 , 830
25 5
3 , 036
1 , 539
;=-
4 , 805
10
3
32
119
Electric light and power plants • •• ••••••••• , • • •••••• • ••
790
765
25
765
741
24
16
16
120
121
122
123
Food and beverage industr ies ••••••• ••• •••••••••••••• •••
Bake ries •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••
Slaughte r and meat packing houses ••••••••••••••••••••
Food and beve rage industries (n.e . c.) ••••••••••••••••
40 , 608
4 , 379
9,048
27 , 181
20 , 338
2, 572
6 , 165
11 , 601
20 , 270
1, 807
2, 883
15, 580
33 , 157
3 , 99 7
6 , 716
22 , 444
16,507
2 , 266
4 , 343
9 , 898
16 , 650
1,731
2 , 373
12 , 546
5 , 685
292
1,992
3 , 401
3 , 008
244
1 , 551
1 ,21 3
2 , 677
48
441
2, 188
124
125
126
127
128
129
Iron and steel , machinery, and vehicle indust r ies . , ••••
Automo bi l e facto rie s ••• •••• •••••• •• ••••.•••••••••••••
Automobi l e r epa ir s hops ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••
Bla st fu rnace s and s teel r oll i ng mills ••••• • •••••••••
Car and railroad shops ••••••••••• ••• •••••••••••••••••
I r on and steel, machine ry, & vehi c le ind ' s (n . e .c.) ••
75 , 481
20 , 81 5
1, 533
9 , 471
8 , 935
34 , 727
71 , 268
19, 29 1
1, 514
9 , 239
8 , 910
32 , 314
4 , 213
1 , 52 4
19
232
25
2 ,413
68 , 392
19 , 756
1 , 288
7 , 638
8 , 278
31 , 432
64 , 372
1 8 , 27 9
1 , 269
7 , 414
8 , 255
29 ,1 55
4 , 020
1 , 477
19
224
23
2 , 277
6 , 120
871
2 11
1 , 712
523
2 , 803
5, 951
832
211
1 , 707
521
2, 680
169
39
130
131
132
133
134
Laundri es and d ry cle aning establishments ••••••••••••••
Lumbe r and furnitu r e indus tries ••••••••••••••••••••••••
Metal i n du st r ies ( e x ce pt i r on and steel") •••••••••••••••
Pe.per, printing, and allied industries ••••• ••••••• •••••
Sh oe f act or ies •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••
31 , 991
23 , 283
13 , 422
17 , 24 1
19 , 020
9 , 831
21 , 594
10, 197
11, 268
• 13 , 092
22 , 160
1 , 689
3 , 225
5 , 973
5, 928
17 , 972
20 , 917
12 , 564
16 , 320
18, 727
6 , 083
19 , 425
9 , 501
10 , 659
12 , 866
11 , 889
1 , 49 2
3 , 063
5 ,6 61
5 , 861
13 , 186
2 , 0 16
655
733
148
3 , 409
1 , 838
544
477
108
9 , 777
178
111
256
40
135
136
137
1 38
Textile industr ie s •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••
Cotton mills •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• •
Woo le n and wo r sted mills ••••••••••••••••• • • • •••••••••
Textile indust r ies ( n . e . c . ) ............. .. .......... .
66 , 855
22 , 857
8 , 432
35 , 566
33 , 340
11,826
4 , 565
16 , 949
33 , 515
11,031
3 , 867
18 , 617
64 , 523
22 ,31 0
8 , 251
33 , 962
32 , 206
11 , 457
4 , 475
16 , 274
32 , 317
10, 853
3 , 776
17 , 688
1, 782
462
86
1 , 234
829
319
33
477
953
143
53
75 7
5
2
123
139
Misc . and not spe cified manufactu r ing industries •••••••
50 , 655
34, 028
16,627
46,006
30 , 899
15,107
3 , 909
2, 587
1 , 322
140
141
142
143
Pa i nt ers , varni s he rs, enamelers, etc . (fa cto ry ) •• .•••••••
Switchmen, f lagmen , and y ardmen ( railroad) ••••••••.•••• ,.
Taxicab dr ive r s, bus driver s, and chauffeurs .. . .......... .
Othe r s emi s killed wo r ke rs in mfg. and other industr ies •••
12 , 524
6 ,11 5
25 , 455
64 , 831
11 , 935
6 , 115
25 , 225
59 , 677
589
11 , 509
5, 629
18 , 886
56 , 092
11 , 007
5 , 629
18 , 668
51 ,818
502
747
399
6 , 256
7, 041
665
399
6 , 247
6 , 392
82
144
145
146
147
148
149
UNSKILLED LABORERS (EXCEPT IN AGRICULTURE) •••••••••••• •1--...:6:.:2-"'
5._4.,.5-=.
l -+--'6""1""
8._7'-'4c.:..
7-+----"6.._7"-'04
"'--+--4.,_,3"'0.._7..,la:a:3-+-_4.:,.:2"-"5CL9
::..:9:..::5c.....+---'4~ 71"'°8c.....+--=-16::..:8:..i..::;
2 3"-'4'-+_..:.
16::..:6~40
; ::.:5'--l----'1~ 8:;::,:
29:._
Laborers i n manufacturing and allied industries. .... ... ..
1 53 , 814
148 , 623
5, 191
108 , 898
104 , 925
3 , 973
40 , 585
39 , 46 1
1 , 124
Clay, gla ss , and s t one indust r ies. .....................
12 , 849
12 , 62 6
223
9 , 353
9,184
169
2 , 999
2, 946
53
Iron and steel , machinery, and ve h ic le indu s tries ......
53 ,ll2
52 , 793
319
37 , 457
37 ,179
278
14 , 407
14,371
36
Lumbe r and f ur niture i n dustries •• • ••••••••.•••••• ··••••
15 , 153
14 , 893
260
10 ,1 36
9 , 942
194
4 , 813
4 , 750
63
Other manufactu r ing and all ied industr ies .... . .........
72 , 700
68 , 311
4 , 389
51 , 952
48 , 620
3 , 332
18 , 366
17 , 394
972
1 50
1 51
1 52
1 53
1 54
155
156
157
158
159
160
161
Labo rers except in mfg . and allied industries .••• •• ••••••
Mines, qua r r i es , and oil and gas wells ••. • • •• •••.• • ••••
Odd jobs (gene ral) •••••••••••••••• , ••• • , .••••••••••••••
Railroa ds (steam and street) ••••••••••••••••••••••••• ••
Roads , st r eets, and sewe rs •.......•.......... , .....••••
Stor es (including porte r s in stores) ••••.••••••••• • ••••
Laborers and helpe rs (n . e . c . ) in bldg . and canst •.•••••
Longshoremen and stevedo r es •••••• ••• • • •••••••••••••••••
Lumbermen , raftsmen, and woodchoppers •• •••••• • • .. ••••• •
St reet cleane r s, garbage men, and scavenge rs ••• ••.•••••
Teamster s and d raymen ••••••••••.•••••••••••••••••••••••
Othe r labore r s , except mfg . and allie d ind's (n . e . c .) ••
16 2
163
164
165
166
167
168
169
170
171
172
173
174
175
DOMESTIC .AJlD PERSONAL SERVI CE WORKERS •••••• •••••• ••••• •,--~5....
0~1~0~3...
5 -+-----1 =5~0 ~8""5~6 -+--'3=i5""-'-'
0 l._.7~!9-+--'2~4-...49""!2~:8- + - ~8=6- 3=2=5- + _1=5=8~ .6c..0=3-;--=
24=5-"-'92=3-+_ _6=0......c..
55'-0--+-.c..
18--5_.
, ._
3 7__3_
Barber and beauty shop worke rs...........................
17 ,716
13,531
4, 185
14 , 783
11,668
3 ,11 5
2, 614
1 , 57 7
1 , 03 7
Bootbl a cks •••• ••••••• •• •••·••· •• • ••.• , • • ••.••••• ·····••••
3 , 155
3 , 127
28
1 , 171
1 , 165
6
1 , 926
1 , 904
22
Cleaners and charwome n ...... . ................. .. .........
29,801
2 , 635
27 , 166
12 , 514
1 , 745
10 , 76 9
16 , 985
848
16, 137
Coo ks and chefs (except i n pr ivate fami ly) •• •••• ••• ••• •• ,
35,201
24 , 22 8
10, 973
22 , 865
16 , 045
6 , 820
11, 412
7 , 4 15
3,997
Elevato r ope r ators .. . .......... ...... ......... . ..........
9 , 035
7,743
1 , 292
5, 673
5 , 015
658
3 , 252
2 , 637
615
J an ito r s, car etake r s , and sextons •••••• •••••·•·••••.•••••
28 , 060
24 , 925
3 ,135
14,186
12 , 316
1 , 870
13 , 385
12 , 161
1 , 224
Laund r esses (not i n laundry ) •••••••••••• •• ••••••••• ··••••
40 ,1 81
3 76
39 , 805
5, 300
102
5 , 198
34 , 129
260
33 , 869
Porte r s (except i n store s) ••••••••••••••••••••. •• •••• ••••
19 ,955
19 , 874
81
4 , 596
4 , 547
49
15 , 136
15 ,105
31
Practical nurses , hospi tal attendants , and orde rlies .....
15 ,6 22
2 , 648
12,974
13 , 505
2 , 278
11 , 227
1,959
336
1 ,6 23
Servants (hotels, boarding house s , etc . ) (n. e , c . ) .... . ...
35, 330
16 , 022
19,308
19 , 956
10 , 614
9,342
14,452
4 ,7 55
9,697
Servants (private f amily) ................. . .... .. ........
186 , 581
3 , 920
182 , 661
71 , 903
1 , 174
70 , 729
111 , 164
2 , 548
108 , 616
Waite r s , waitresses . and bartenders . . ............. . ......
38 ,713
13 , 869
24 , 844
31 , 259
9 , 356
2 1 , 903
6 , 661
4 , 117
2 , 544
Other domestic and personal se r vice wo r ke r s ..............
41 , 685
17 , 958
23 ,727
27 , 217
10, 300
16 , 91 7
12 , 848
6 , 887
5, 961
176
177
178
179
FARM OPERATORS AND IA BORERS ••••••••••••••••• • •• • .•••••• _ _1_6.,,..
4 ..,
• 9,.,
0.,,.1-t-_1__
5.,.
6 ,_,3""'5.,.2-+_ _
8.,_5,_,,4..,,.9-+___1=2..,.3_8,,..,3..,.l-+_1__2..,.
o.._,6,..,0,.,.3-i-_ _3.,_2...,2,..,,8-i-_ _2_6.,_
. .o..,o:--:,7- +_ _2_ 1.,_
49=8--+_ _4.,_50_ 9_
Farm .foremen, manage r s , and oversee rs..... ...............
1,307
1 , 289
18
1, 202
1,184
18
39
39
4 , 253
Farm laborers ••••••••••••••••• •••••·•••••··•• ••• •••••••••
115 , 323
107 , 506
7 , 817
81, 091
78,332
2,759
20 , 406
16,153
256
Farmers. ........... . ..................... ....... .........
48 , 271
47,557
714
41 , 538
41, 08 7
451
5, 562
5 , 306
180
181
182
INEXPERIENCED PERSONS ••••••••••••••• , •••• , • ••••••••• , •• _ _5__
6_,
2 ._8___1__
2 ____1...8,...
9 ~1=2...
0 - + _3__7___
3.._
.6...9___
2- + _4...7__2_ 6...o__
o-+___1=6...5.,_4_7__6-i-_3__0_7.,_1__2-:4--+_ _7__7-'-'-'
61=3- + - -2=0- 08__3_ _ _5_ ?.,_
5 3__0_
Pe rsons 16- 24 years of age ( inclusive)... ......... .... ...
365, 805
178, 111
187,694
315 , 49 2
· 156 , 969
158 , 523
42 , 418
17, 845
24,573
Pe rsons 25 years o f age and over ••••••••••••••••••• ••••••
197,007
11, 009
1 85 , 998
157, 108
8 , 50 7
148, 601
35 , 195
2, 238
32 , 957
183
UNKNOWN OCCUPATION••••••••••••••••••• , ••• • •••••••••••• ,
128018 0 - 37- 2
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
471 , 637
22 , 118
68 , 801
45 ,19 8
69,337
32 , 215
133 , 366
12 ,607
16,971
2 , 789
15 , 853
52 , 382
165 554
4 70 , 124
22 , 118
67 , 980
45 ,1 98
69 , 33 7
31,886
133 , 366
12 , 607
16 , 971
2, 789
15 , 853
52 , 019
95 .337
230
5, 154
1,513
821
329
363
70.217
32 1 , 815
20 ,199
44 , 816
29 ,6 57
47 ,140
1 7, 807
90 , 166
6 , 527
15 ,1 23
1 , 772
12 , 331
36 , 277
106 671
32 1 , 070
20 , 199
44 , 445
29 , 657
47 , 140
17, 634
90 , 166
6 , 527
15 , 123
1 , 772
12 , 331
36 , 076
62 898
2 18
4 , 274
745
371
173
201
43,7 73
127 , 649
1 , 450
19, 596
11 , 614
l 7,963
13 , 735
37 , 440
5, 883
1 , 589
972
3 , 093
14 , 314
23 , 699
126 , 944
1, 450
19 , 181
11 , 614
17 , 963
13 , 590
3 7, 440
5 , 883
1, 589
972
3 , 093
14 , 169
10, 3 75
9
649
705
415
145
145
13 , 324
12
WORKERS ON RELIEF-UNITED STATES
TABLE 3-WORKERS' ON RELIEF IN RURAL AREAS, BY USUAL OCCUPATION, COLOR, AND SEX, FOR THE UNITED STATES: 2
MARCH 1935
TOTAL
3
WHITE
NEGRO
USUAL OCCUPATION
TOTAL
TOTAL.•••••••• .............. .. 2,165,864
2
MALE
FEMALE
1,633,046
632 ,818
TOTAL
1,902,158
MALE
FEMALE
TOTAL
1,460,692
441,466
197, 5 74
MALE
FEHALE
119,720
77,854
9
10
11
12
13
14
16
16
17
PROFESSIONAL AND TBCHNICAL WORKERS •••••••••••••••••••••• t-----"'-16~6-:-8"-9-+----'-"7'-"l'-=46"--1---"-9<.::5c.:4cc.3-+_..::lcc.5,_,6:.:2c:.l-+--"-6'-'
.6:.:6c::.2-+--"-8i;
.9:.:5c::.9-+-----'8~8~4-+_-~38:.:0~_ _....!!;504~
Aotors. • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • ••• •........
121
79
42
118
77
41
Aroh itecta................................................
51
50
1
48
47
1
Artists, soulptors, and teachers of
266
185
81
266
185
81
Chemists, assayers, ·and metallurgists.....................
109
107
2
108
106
2
1
1
Clergymen and religious workers ••••••••••••• •••...........
1,054
1,014
40
833
797
36
195
192
Designers.••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• •••• •••..
62
37
25
62
37
25
Draftsmen.................................................
460
456
4
452
448
4
Engineers (technical) ••••••••• ·•·••••••••••••••••··•••••••
1,081
1,081
1,074
1,074
Lawyers, judges, and juAtioes.... •• • • • • • ••• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •
92
87
5
92
87
5
Librarians and librarians' assistants.....................
271
18
253
268
18
250
2
2
Musioians and teachers of music...........................
1,410
819
591
1,336
766
570
47
32
16
Nurses (trained or registered)............................
1,349
43
1,306
1,310
41
1,269
29
1
28
Physicians, surgeons, and dentists........................
61
5!:r
3
58
56
2
1
1
Playground and recreational workers.......................
191
105
86
181
101
80
2
8
Reporters, editors, and journalists ••..••••••••• ,.........
186
112
74
184
111
73
18
19
20
Teachers ••••.••..••.•..•....•....•...•.•.•.........••.....
College instructors and professors •••••••••.••••••••••••
Primary and secondary school, and teachers (n.e.o.)L •••
8 , 671
38
8 ,633
1,893
26
1,867
6 ,778
12
6,766
8,024
36
7,988
1,743
24
1,719
6 ,281
12
6 ,269
21
other professional workers ••••••••••••••.•••••••••••••••••
349
215
134
331
207
124
22
23
25
other semiprofessional workers ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••
Abstracters, notaries, and just ices of p eace •••••••• ••,•
Technicians and laboratory assistants., •••••••••••• , ••••
Semiprofessional workers (n. e. c.), •••••••••• , •••••••••••
905
30
98
777
787
25
73
689
118
5
25
88
876
28
97
751
761
23
72
666
115
5
25
86
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
PROPRIETORS, HANAGERS, AlID OFFICIALS (EXCEPT AGRI C. ) ••• • 1---""12~5-=40"--1---=-11=6.::..93"--1-----=8-=4-'-7-+---=1=-2•1.::.2:.:0.:c.3-+---=1.::.1._;,·4 0=-8-+-----'7c.:9.::..5-+----=l=.:9c::.9-+----'1=-=6:.:0-+------'3""9_
Building contractors ..................................... ,
1,554
1 , 554
1,521
1,521
17
17
Foresters, fore st rangers, and timber cruisers,...........
351
351
342
342
1
1
17
Hucksters, pedd lers, and junk and rag de alers ••••••••••• ,.
755
720
36
677
659
18
72
66
Trucking, transfer and cab companies, and garages •••• , ••• ,
430
427
3
423
420
3
2
2
Retail dealers and managers (n.e.c.)................... •••
3 ,734
3,528
206
3,654
3,454
200
33
31
2
Other proprietors, managers, and officials................
5,716
5,113
603
5,586
5,012
574
74
54
20
33
OFFICE · WORKERS •••••••••••••.•••••••• , •••••••••••••••••• • 1---=-27:...i.:.7.::,;96::......l----"'15"'-'-"1"'-66::......1---=-l::..2..::6c::.3.::..0-+--"2.:..7a.::
.3:.:1.::..0-+_..::1_._4._,
.•8:.:6.::..5-+_..::1.::..2L:45=5-+---=l::..::9c::.0-+----'1~3:.:6-4_ ____,54=-._
Bookkeepers, accountants, and auditors....................
4,237
2,796
1,441
4,190
2,763
1,427
12
5
7
5
4
6
6
7
8
24
34
;!
art...................
~~=~t:r(n:::~:r..:~.~~~ '.-::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::
Messengers and office boys •••••••••••• ,...................
Office machine operators ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••.•••• ,
Office managers and bank tellers ••••••••••••••••••••••••• ,
Stenographers, ste notypist s , and dictaphone operator s .....
Telegraph and radio operators ••••••.••••••••••••• ,..... . ..
11,!:!
462
120
242
3,936
968
:: Other
~~~~~~:.~:.~~~~~~:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::
clerical and allied workers............... . .........
1,929
37
38
39
40
41
44
46
46
47
48
49
60
61
~:;!i
8,;:~
447
46
204
291
917
3 ,~g~
15
74
38
3 , 645
51
11,~~
430
119
239
3,880
960
7,;~g
416
45
201
286
910
3,i~
16
74
38
3,594
50
!~!
i~~~
~:;!!
1,884
1,802
!~g
i:~;:
1,845
84
SAU:SMEN AND KINDRED WORKERS ••• , •••••• , ••••••••••.••••• 'l----------"26"-'-"8'-"l"-9-+----=l,,_8._,8~7,,_3-+---'-7..,9:c,46"'--+----'=2"'-6.._,2:.;:2"'-8-+--"l"'-8...:4o::3c::.2-+_
Canve.aaers (solicitors, any) •••• ,.........................
651
490
161
639
483
Commercial travelers......................................
603
577
26
593
569
lfowsboys •••••••••••••••••• , ••••••• ,.......................
311
291
20
291
273
Real estate agents and insurance agents •••••••••••••••••• ,
1,381
1,312
69
1,336
1,272
Salesmen and saleswomen (retail stores)...................
18 ,157
10 ,911
7,246
17 , 784
10,668
other sales persons and kindred workers...................
5 ,716
5 , 292
424
5 ,586
6,167
82
574
1
573
130
1
129
17
1
1
15
14
444
444
1
1
12
9~
21
1
76
21
1
2g
17
1
1
1
16
i
;
;
30
29
1
___:_7.a.7c.::9~6-+-----'2e.;l'-=9-4---1~7~1;........1_ ___;48=-.
156
6
2
4
24
4
2
2
18
14
12
2
64
29
25
4
7,116
98
67
31
418
68
63
6
62 1-----sK=I-=-L-IE=n....,..wo=ru-w=-csc-,-AND---=Fo=RE=ccME=N--=n,.,.
1--=B-=-r.n=G-.-AND----co=N=s=rn=u=c=TI--o=N••-.~-=_-=,1':_1..,.4-=---'-"o':_3-7-'---+1-----=1':_1:_4-:,o-:_3-:_1-=_~-=_-=_-=_-=_-=_-=_-=_-=_!-=.~1~1:o:,.1~3:_8-=_"!-=.~--1=-=1:o:,1~3:0-=."!-=.-=.-=.-=.-=.-=.-=.-=.:-=.-=.-=.~2-:_-43~-:.:8-=.jf=_-=.-=.~2-:_-4:c.:3~0':::_:f=_-=.-=.-=.-=.-=.-=.-=.-=
53
Blacksmiths •••••• ,,.,,., •••• , •••• ,., •••• , ••• ,.,,, •••••• ,..
6 ,S32
6,832
6,600
6,600
132
132
54
Boilermakers •••••••••••••• , ••• , •• ,.,,., ..... ,.••• ••• ,.,...
1,132
1,132
1,106
1,106
12
12
55
Bricklayers and stonemasons •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• ,
6,142
6 ,142
5 ,599
5,599
364
364
66
Carpenters .............. , ••••••••••••••••••..•••• •••••••••
43 , 082
43 , 082
41,891
41,891
694
694
67
Cement finisher s •••••••••••••• •·••••••••••••••••••·••·••..
3 , 92 4
3 , 92 4
3 ,472
3 ,472
369
369
58
Ele ctricians.,., •• ,,,,, ••••••• ,, ••• ,, •• , •••• , •••••••••• ,.,
4 , 209
4,209
4,155
4,155
20
20
59
Foremen: construction (except road) .......................
1, 724
1, 724
1, 701
1,701
13
13
60
Foremen: road and str eet construction ••• •• •••••••••••• ,...
2 , 974
2,974
2,924
2,924
10
10
61
Operators or engineers: stat'y and port. constr. equip't..
ll ,186
11,186
10, 898
10,898
184
184
62
Painters (not in factory) .................................
18 , 607
18,607
18,141
18,141
253
253
63
Pe.per hangers •••••••••••••••••• , ••••••••••••••••••••••••• ,
717
717
685
685
27
27
64
Plaste rers ..................... , ••••• , •••••• , ........ , •• ,.
2,699
2 ,6 99
2,459.
2,459
190
190
66
Plumbers, gas and steam fitters ... , ••••••• ••••· ••••••• •••.
5,235
5,235
5,080
5,080
81
81
66
Roofers ••••••• ,. ••• , ••••••••••••••••••••• , •••• , ...... ,....
675
675
658
658
7
7
67
Sheet metal workers .......... , ••••••••••••••••• , •••••• ,....
340
340
331
331
5
6
Stonecutters and carve rs ••••••••••••••••••••••• , ....... ,..
962
962
932
932
26
26
68
69
Structural iron and steel workers.........................
1 , 375
1,375
1,347
1,347
10
10
70
Setters: marble, s tone, and tile..........................
330
330
320
320
6
6
71
Other skilled workers in building and conatruction... .. ...
1,892
1 , 892
1,840
1 , 8 40
35
35
72
73
74
76
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
85
84
85
86
87
SKILLED WORI\l;RS AND FOREMEN IN MFG. & OTHER I !iDUSTR! ES. •1---"53~7.::.08"--1---"-53:e.a.::l:.e.9,:..9-+----"5'-"0-"-9-+---"5-=-l.r.::8'--"0-'--7-+--"5-=-l.-'-'3'--"0-'--7-+---'5'--"0""
0-+---"-l--'-'2""6""6--+----"l--'-'2""6'-"'l'--t-- - - " - Cabinetmakers, ............ .. ... , ••••••••••••••••••••• ,....
950
950
937
937
5
5
Cobblers and shoe repairmen ••••••••••••••••••••••••• ,.....
1,093
1,088
5
1, 011
1,006
5
54
54
Conductors: steam and street railroads, and buses .........
537
535
2
533
531
2
Foremen (in fe.otories ),.......................... . ........
2,482
2 ,310
172
2,423
2 ,256
167
36
33
Foremen and inspe ctor s ( exce pt in factorie s )..............
5,059
4,946
113
4,935
4, 822
113
53
53
Locomotive engineers and firemen..........................
3 ,786
3 ,7 86
3,644
3,644
110
110
He.chinists , millwr ights, and toolmakers...................
6 ,643
6 ,643
6,527
6 , 5 27
61
61
Mechanics (n.e . c. )•••••••••••••••••••·••••••••••••·····•••
19 , 861
19 , 86 1
19 , 277
19 , 277
359
359
Holders, founders , and c a s t e rs (metal) ••••••••• ·••·•••••••
2 ,208
2 , 208
2 ,062
2 ,062
117
117
Sawyers ............. , •••••••••••••••••• ,..................
4, 635
4 , 635
4,249
4,249
314
314
Skilled workers in printing and engraving.................
1,104
992
112
1, 081
971
110
7
6
Tailors and furriers.,....................................
355
289
66
320
256
64
23
22
Tinsmiths and coppersmiths................................
803
803
787
787
8
8
Metal workers (exce pt go l d and silver) (n.e.c. ) ••••. • ·••••
1, 038
1 , 038
993
993
31
31
Skilled workers in mfg. and other industries (n . e.c. ) .....
3 ,154
3 ,115
39
3 , 028
2,989
39
88
88
88
89
SEMISKILLED WORKERS IN BUILDING AND CONSTRUCTION••••• • • • t----'-7,6~8.::.23:c._it----'-76""'-=8.::.23::_l------+--'-7=-2'-'
.4:.:.7=..2-+---'-7=-2._;4:.:.7.::.2-+----+---"'3,_,06:.:.::_9-+----"3i;06:.:.::_9-4_ _ _..=__
Apprentices in building and construction •••••••••••••• .-• • ,
255
255
246
246
6
6
Asphalt workers ••••••••••••••••••••••••.•••••••••••••••• .,,
50
50
29
29
18
18
Blasters (except in mines ) • •••••••••••••••••••• ··•···•••••
1,139
1 ,13 9
1,081
1,081
25
25
Caisson workers •••••••••• ••...............................
29
29
29
29
17
17
Calkers.,,,.., .... ,,, ••• , •.•••••.•.••.••.•••• ,............
101
101
83
83
625
625
Firen,en (except locomotive and fire depar tment) ...........
7 , 023
7 , 023
6,310
6,310
90
91
92
95
94
1
Includes worke rs 16 through 64 ye ars of age .
For qualifications of these statistics, see statement on page 18.
:Includes wh ite , Neg'.o! other, and unl<nown color or rac e ,
Not elsewhere classified.
2
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
13
OCCUPATION
TABLE 3-WORKERS ON REIJEF IN RURAL AREAS, BY USUAL OCCUPATION, COLOR, AND SEX, FOR THE UNITED STATES:
MARCH 1935-Continued
WHITE
TOUL
NEGRO
USUAL OCCUPATION
TOTAL
TOTAL
MALE
MALE
FfflALE
MALE
TOTAL
96
96
97
98
99
100
SEl'IISKILLED WORKERS IN BLDG. AND CONSTRUCTION - Cont.
Operators of building and construction equipment •••••••••
Pipelayers ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• •• ••••
Rodmen and chai~n ( surveying) •••••••• ••••••• • •• ••••••••
Truck e.nd tractor drivers ••••••••••••••••• •••••••• •••••••
Welders •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• • •••••••••
other semiskilled lforkers in building and construction •••
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
SEHISKILLED WORKERS IN MFG. AND OTHER INDUSTRI ES • •.••• • 1--....:l::::8:.s:
0.1,;l:;.::l:.:::2-+--'l"-'3"'9..&.1""7~5--1-_...:40~,. "-'93<.:7- -i---"'
16e.:7""""'68::..::2' -4---""
12::.;9:...&,!:;20:,::2~ -->:::38~48:::,:0::....i1--___:8~9-=-47~1---7.:...-~1~66:::._1--_.=.l.~7~8.=.1_
Bake rs... . ........................ ... ....................
1,552
1,455
97
1,507
1,418
89
21
16
,6
Brakemen (railroad)... • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •
2,393
2 , 393
2,312
2,312
50
50
Deliverymen •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• • •••. ~. ...
3 ,283
3 ,283
2, 874
2,874
356
356
Dressmakers e.nd milliners . , .............. ... ..... ... .....
17,164
181
724
16, 983
16,062
169
15,883
729
5
Filers, grinders, buffers, e.nd po lishe rs (metal) .........
2 ,158
2,135
1
23
2,102
2,080
22
38
37
Fu:rnacemen, heaters, smeltermen, etc. (metal working) ....
880
880
781
781
65
65
Guards, watchmen, e.nd doorkeepers (exoept railroad). .....
1 , 946
1,941
5
1,850
1,845
6
68
68
Handicraft workers: t e xtile, wood, leather , metal, etc.. .
321
172
149
264
141
123
6
6
Inside wor~rs : mines ....................................
57,210
57,210
53 , 153
53 ,153
2 ,799
2,799
111
112
113
114
Operat ives (n,e . c . ) in mfg. and allied industries........
Chemical and allied industri es.........................
Cigar , cigarette, and tobaoco factories •••••••••••••• ••
Clay, glass, and stone industries......................
72,490
1,752
1,000
4,445
50 ,068
1,404
407
4,224
22 ,422
348
693
221
67 , 654
1, 602
888
3 ,794
46,480
1,257
357
3 ,5 76
21 ,174
345
531
218
3,675
134
109
246
115
116
117
118
Clothing industries .................................. ..
Shirt , collar e.nd cuff factories .................... .
Suit, coat, and dress factories ••••••• • • •••• •••••••••
Clothing industries (n,e.c.) •• , ••••••••••••••••••••••
4,922
1,360
1,215
2 ,347
740
182
191
367
4,182
1,178
1,024
1,980
4,810
1,337
1,166
2 , 307
707
178
172
357
4,103
1,159
994
1,950
59
6,301
410
589
54,013
1,623
5,290
6,301
410
589
54,013
1,623
5 , 290
•
-
5,988
377
576
51,345
1,586
4,82 2
224
23
5 ,988
377
576
51,345
1,586
4,822
224
23
6
6
1,754
1,754
14
357
11
357
2 ,6 58
132
50
245
1,017
2
59
1
18
41
32
20
12
6
20
14
896
380
516
7
7
119
Electri c li ght and p ower plants •• • ••• ••• , ••• •• •••••• ••.
278
277
l
272
271
1
120
121
122
123
Food and beverage industries ••••••••••••••••••••••••• ,.
Bakerle s ••••••••••••••• ••• •••••••••••••••••••• ••• • , ••
Slaughter e.nd meat packing houses ••••• ,., ••• ••• ••••••
Food and beverage industries (n.e .o. ) ••• , •• •••••• ·•••
8,036
353
1,475
6 , 208
4,137
26 1
1 , 018
2,858
3,899
92
457
3,350
6,979
345
1,330
5,304
3 ,6 85
253
901
2 , 531
3 , 294
92
429
2,773
7
7
122
767
98
275
124
125
126
127
128
129
Iron and s teel, machinery , and vehicle industries ••••••
Automobile factor i es •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••
Automobile repair shops ., ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••
Bla st furnaces and steel roll i ng mills .... . .. .. ..... .
Car and railroad shops •• • ••••• , ••••••••••••••••••• , ••
Iron and steel , machinery, & vehicle ind's (n.e,c.),,
11,464
3,550
252
1,371
2,054
4,237
ll,146
3,425
250
1 , 338
2 , 053
4,080
318
125
33
1
157
11,045
3,496
239
1, 279
1,999
4,032
10,734
3 , 374
237
1,247
1,998
3 , 878
311
122
2
32
1
154
337
36
10
82
36
173
335
35
10
81
36
173
130
131
132
133
134
Laundries and dry cleaning establishments ............. .
Lumber and furniture industries, •••••••••••••••••••••••
Metal i ndustries (except iron and steel) •••••••••••••• ,
Paper, printing, and allied i ndu str i es, ....... , •• , ... ..
Shoe factories ••••••••••••••••••••••• •• ••••••• , ....... .
2,373
9,059
1,221
2,170
2,089
732
8 , 627
1,032
1,762
1, 337
1,641
432
189
418
752
1,927
8,119
1,139
2,101
2,063
598
7 ,7 09
952
1 , 693
1,315
1,329
410
187
408
748
389
836
18
54
11
115
817
17
45
10
274
19
1
135
136
137
138
Textile indu stries ...... ... .. . . ... ...... .. ............ •
Cotton mills .................. , ..................... .
Woo len and worsted mills, ......................... , ••
Te xti le i n dust rie s (n.e.c . ) .......... .. ............. .
17,097
8,554
1,227
7,316
8 , 947
4,592
760
3,595
8,150
3 ,962
467
3,721
16,833
8,425
1,216
7,193
8 , 772
4,496
756
3,520
8,061
3,929
459
3,673
177
97
58
22
73
119
75
2
42
2
7
24
492
9
1
5
31
139
Misc. and not specified manufacturing indust ries •••••••
6,58 4
5,306
1,278
6,082
4,854
1,228
405
371
34
140
141
142
143
Pe.inters , varnishe rs, enamelers, etc . (factory) ••••.•••••
Switchmen, flagmen, e.nd yardmen (railroad ) ............. ..
Taxicab drivers, bus drivers, e.nd chauffeurs, ••••••••• •••
Other semiskilled workers in mfg. and other industries •••
1,531
1,338
2,605
15,241
1,494
1,338
2,573
14, 054
39
1,486
1,269
2,209
14,169
1,452
1,269
2,177
13,051
34
20
57
367
696
17
57
.367
666
30
144
145
146
147
148
149
UN SKI I.LED LABORERS \EXCEPT IN AGRICULTURE) • ••••• ••••• • •t--'2'-';7-;;4'-;2;::3 4-+__,2'-'7:-=-l_.,5:-:9~3-t----:'2-"6:--:4~1-t-_2,:,3°"'5""2c-'!44~-t--"'23c"3""2!:..7~44_-,l,....,,_97~0'--+--2~7~90~4~-~27~2..!.!78L...1-----26.£26,!__
7
Labore rs in manufacturing e.nd allied industrtes. .........
42,760
41,532
1,228
35,155
34,061
1,094
6,669
6,531
128
Clay, glass, and stone industries. ...... ... ............
7,157
7,124
33
6,141
6 ,111
30
837
834
3
Iron and steel, machine ry, and vehicle industries ... . ..
6 ,5 98
6 , 561
47
5,779
5,738
41
722
716
6
Lumber and furniture indus t ries........................
14,449
14,330
119
11, 286
11,186
100
2,910
2 , 891
19
Other manufacturing and all i ed industries, .............
14,556
13,527
1,029
11,949
11,026
923
2,190
2, 090
100
150
1 51
1 52
153
154
155
156
157
158
159
160
161
Laborers except in mfg . and all ied industries •••••••••• ,.
Hines, quarries, and oil e.nd gas wells ••••• , •• , ••••••••
Odd jobs (general) ... , ..................... ,,., •• , •• , ••
Railroads (steW!I and st reet ) .......................... •
Roads , s t reets, and sewers •.•...•.•.•.............. •• • •
St ores ( including porters in stores) .................. .
Laborer• and helpers (n . e. c.) in bldg. and const • ••••••
Longshoremen e.nd stevedores , ••••••••••••• , ••• , ••• ••••• ,
Lumbermen, raftsmen, e.nd woodchoppers ., •••••••• , ••• ••••
Street cleane rs, garbage men , e.nd scavengers ••• •••• ••• ,
Teamsters and draymen •• , •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••
Other laborers , except mfg. and all i ed ind 's (n .e.c,) ••
16 2
163
164
165
166
167
168
169
170
171
172
173
174
175
DOMESTIC AllD PERSONAL SERVI CE WORKERS ..... ............ •t--=l=-=l':-6"':8:-;;
48
: :---r---"l'::"
8 .&-;4~45::-t--......::9c.:..7"-:4~0'::3-t-_...::B'=2""8:"0'::9-t---'l'::4""2:":6:::l'-t--'6'-"8""5':-'.48:':'--+-___;3e.::0~34~2'--+----!3~75:,::8'--+-...!::26~5~84:!..._
Barber e.nd beauty shop workers.................. .... .....
3 ,477
2 , 827
650
3,243
2,637
606
168
120
38
Bootble.,cks.... .... ... • • • • • • • • .. • • • • • .. • .. .. ... • • • • • .. • ...
189
184
5
92
89
3
94
92
2
Cleaner. e.nd charwomen,. .................. ......... ......
2,706
129
2 , 577
1,756
93
1,663
885
30
855
Cooke and chefs · (except in private family)...............
7,676
4 , 237
3 ,439
6,383
3 , 558
2,825
1,170
604
566
Elevator operators ........................ ,..............
281
231
50
240
198
42
36
29
7
Janitors, caretalcers, e.nd sextons ................... : ....
3,904
3,359
545
2,851
2 , 536'
316
977
755
222
Laundressea (not in laundry). ... .........................
13,479
138
13,341
4,450
54
4,396
8 , 738
79
8 , 659
Porters (except in s tores ) •••••••• , ........... .......... ,
547
538
9
129
123
6
410
407
3
Practical nurses, hospital attendants, e.nd order lies . ....
5,266
453
4,813
4,814
421
4,393
407
28
379
Servants (hotels, boarding houses, etc . ) (n.e.c.) .. ......
2 , 556
8 49
1,707
1 , 976
628
1,348
491
189
302
Servants (private family ).. ..............................
52 , 033
880
51 , 153
36,480
504
36,976
14,297
354
13,943
Waiters , waitresses, and bartenders ..... .. ........ .......
6 , 982
1,389
5,593
6,577
1,162
5,415
294
202
92
Othe r domestic and pe r sonal service workers.... ..........
16,762
3,231
13 , 521
13 , 818
2 , 259
11 , 559
2,385
869
1 , 516
1 76
177
178
179
FARM OPERATORS AND LABORERS .... .. ...... , •• •• • •••••• •••• ~-=8.;a,28
: -'-:8765
= ---~-'7-"8;.:.l."':0"'2~1-+--'4"-7 ,1.;:6:.;;4c.::.4-+--'7c-=l:;:.2.._,
.4:.::3c.::.3-+__;6:.::8.::.8.i.:5::.:2:.::c0-+--=2:.::c3..&.9:.:l:.::3--1--...:8:..:::9ca.9::.:3:.:4'-l---'6:'..!7~ 36:'..!4~ -...;2::::2~ 5 7.:..!0~
Farm foremen, managers, e.nd overseers • . ••••••••• ,.,.,....
1,58 4
1,545
39
1,530
1,491
39
25
25
Farm laborers... ........ ........... ... ........ .. .... .....
416,904
376,018
40,886
336 , 389
317,448
18 ,941
61 , 7'99
41,097
20,70 2
Farmers.......... ................... ............... ......
410,377
403,458
6 , 919
374 , 514
369 , 581
4,933
28 , 110
26 , 242
1 , 868
180
181
182
I NEXPERIENCED PERSONS ••• • •••• •• • , ••••••••••••••••••• • •• t--::3:::9:-"
3 ·1.;:2:;:00
: :---t-----=
9::-3<-:
. 7:-'30-::-8-t---::2'-=9-::-9.L:4~972-+-:3:':5~4",:3:":3'=-l- + - ~8:':-6"-:4c-:l":'
2-t-__,2:'-:6:-':7""9:':l":9-t--...:2:.::9ca.6~2~7--+--24~99::,::3' --+-_;2:.,:;4~
6 3~4!..Persons 16- 24 years of age (inclusive) •••••••••••••••••••
233,957
85,958
147,999
214,142
79,832
134,310
14,654
4,441
10,213
Persons 25 years of age and over.........................
159,243
7 , 760
151,493
140,189
6,580
133 , 609
14,973
552
14,421
183
UNJOIOWN OCCUPATION •••• •• , •••••• ,, ••• ••••• •••• •••••••••
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
231 ,474
20,356
65,643
23 ,178
43,492
3,682
24,663
21,514
216
10,221
lll ,063
45 193
230 ,061
20,356
64,461
23,176
43 ,492
3,645
24,663
~
21 , 514
216
10,221
17 , 871
32
1,187
1,413
1,182
2
37
192
13 026
200 , 089
18, 775
53 , 765
19,935
38,318
3,105
21 ,405
~
19,736
164
9,263
15,280
33 880
199,213
18, 775
53 , 062
19,936
38,318
3,075
21 , 405
~
19 , 736
164
9,263
15,137
23 749
32
1,118
876
703
go
143
10 131
21,246
1,134
8,014
2,397
3,441
410
2,338
%
876
45
693
1 ,843
2 565
20,747
1,134
7,570
2,396
3 ,441
498
444
2
464
2 , 338
%
876
45
593
1, 797
1 546
46
1 009
14
WORKERS ON RELIEF-UNITED STATES
TABLE 4-WORKERS 1 O'N RELIEF, BY CLASS OF USUAL OCCUPATION, AGE, AND SEX, FOR THE UNITED STATES:2MARCH 1935
CLASS OF USUAL OCCUPATION , AND SEX
TOTAL
16 AND 17
YEARS
18 AND 19
YEARS
20
YEARS
21 TO 24
YEARS
25 TO 34
YEARS
35 TO 44
YEARS
4,5 TO 64
YEARS
66 TO 64
YEARS
TOTAL ••••••• • •••••• • ••••• •.• • .,.• 6,152,639
357 , 520
472 , 8 16
208 , 863
709 , 312
1 , 395 , 795
1 , 338 , 268
1 , 084 , 925
585, 140
Pr ofessiona l and technical wo rke r s •••••••••••••••••••••••••• t----,,.
82""","""1""'
00
, ...--t------,;5,...,,.1
tl -+---..l ,...,6"'
;2"'",
o -+---.,,.....,
1 , 4'""5,.,......\i+---,.
1,1...,,8..,2"'3--t--,2'"'"
4-, 3""1'"'
4--t---:2""'1-,..,....
l\itl----1--1'"'
.:,~,.,..
46"',tl. --t------,7.-,.,..
1,1 ,00""'""79 , 803
205
644
438
2 , 4 74
11,734
25 , 480
24 , 750
14 , 0 78
Pro prietors, manager s , and offic ial s (exc ept agr icu l ture) ...
Office worke r s ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••
215, 500
4 , 457
1 5, 516
10 ,178
40 , 539
65 , 749
44 ,112
24 ,161
10, 788
4
1
~:i~~:~nw:ie~!n~~\:; :!::si~•
i t~ : g:;
1:g: f~
1!~ : ::~
' :;,
Skilled workers and fo r emen in mfg . and other industries ....
244 , 831
634
2 , 564
2 , 378
16 , 319
61 , 403
75 , 706
57 , 935
27 , 892
Semiski ll ed wo rkers in buil ding and c onstruction ••• •••••••••
3 10 , 052
1,569
7, 808
6 , 958
42 ,350
113 , 304
79 , 383
42 , 248
16 ,43 2
Semiskill ed wo rke r s in mfg . and othe r industr ies... .........
869 , 885
13 ,143
39 ,604
24 ,9 2 1
108,402
225 , 8 50
213 , 224
163 , 487
81 , 254
Unskilled le.borers ( exce pt e.gricul ture) ................. . ...
899 , 685
20 , 204
50 ,698
28 ,19 9
107 , 658
209 , 055
195 , 1 58
182 , 518
106 , 195
Domestic and pe r sonal service worke r s .......................
616 , 883
23 , 648
43 , 86 3
21 , 788
70 , 594
140 , 744
144 , 153
114 , 299
57 , 794
Fe.rm operator s ..............................................
46 1, 539
1 , 732
6, 251
4 , 574
33 , 445
117 , 905
123 , 041
108 , 517
66 , 0 74
532 , 227
47 , 811
62 , 815
27, 034
91, 260
1 22 , 209
78 , 411
62 , 607
40 , 080
Fe.rm l e.bor e rs•••••••••••••••••••···••••••••••·••••••••••••••
Inexperien ce d pe rs ons •••••••••••••••••••••••••••·•••••••••••
956 , 0 1 2
223 , 791
204 , 3 71
60 , 562
111, 823
112 ,966
106 , 574
88 , 779
47 ,146
Unknown o ccu pati on ••••••••••••••••••• • •••••••••••••••••••••• t--~2=10~ 7_4 _7 _ _ _
14
_,..,_7_8_3 _ _ _2_0 ,_6_9_6 -+-_ _
9._6_6_7--+_ _2_8.,_,2_6_0____4_7_,_,3_8_2____4_1-'-,_3 04
_-+-_3_1~,_
43_1--,t--_
l 7~,_
2 _2 4_
b~ii~i~~•~;/ ~~~;t;.,:~ti~~::: '.
!~~: ~!~
!:i!~
~:;!~
i~'. ~~~
~~:!~i
MALE.·••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 4 , 455 , 665
194 , 317
272 , 720
126 , 653
485 , 502
1, 050, 432
1, 0 13,187
842 , 882
469 , 972
Profess ione.l and techni cal workers •••••••••••••••••••••••••• t-----:48""",-::7CC99:,--+-----,1""
3.,,.
5 -+-----,7"'3"""
0 -+----,6""8"'"6-+-----:4--:,7..,0"'
8--t---,1'°"
4-,1'"'1'°6--t---,1:-a
"
2c-,""'
70""8----lr---1s-::o:--,""
21;--:4- -,t------,5~,..,,.
50
""'2,,...Proprieto r a , manage rs , and off icials (except a gricultur e) ...
75 , 289
178
599
395
2 ,.309
11, 123,
24 , 081
23 , 275
13 , 329
Office workers• ·•· • •·••••••••••••••••••••··•••••••••••···•·•
1 27 , 729
2 , 328
6 , 380
4 , 47 7
21 , 026
38 , 555
28 , 324
17 , 768
8 , 8 71
Sal esmen and kind r ed wo r ke r s •• •• •••••••••••••••• ,...........
124 , 295
2 , 975
8 , 055
5 , 04 7
17, 828
27 , 750
29 , 169
21 , 55 7
11 , 914
Skilled Yio rker s and fo r emen i n bu ild ing and construction....
492 , 349
454
2 , 146
1 , 942
17 , 272
103, 083
150, 144
139 , 827 ,
77 , 481
Skilled wo r ke r s and fo r emen in mfg . and othe r i n dust r ies ....
241 , 33 7
596
2 , 445
2 , 291
15 , 930
60 , 571
74 , 677
57 , 202
27 , 625
Semiski lled wo rke r s in building and c on str uction............
310 , 052
1 , 56 9
7 , 808
6 , 958
42 , 350
113 , 304
79 , 38 3
42 , 248
16 , 432
Semiskilled wo r ke r s in mfg . and other indust ries ........ . ...
628 , 469
6 , 403
19 , 6 78
13 , 239
70 , 085
166 , 115
159 , 744
127 , 662
65 , 54 3
890 , 340
19 , 688
49 , 694
27 ,702
106 , 094
206 , 814
193 , 353
18 1, 328
105 , 667
Un skilled l e.bo r e r s ( except agric u l tu r e) .... . ................
Domestic and pe r sonal servic e workers .......................
169 , 301
2 , 320
5 , 936
3 , 710
17 , 787
41 , 096
41 , 382
35 , 846
21 , 224
Fe.rm ope r ato r s •••·••••·•••••· •••• ••··•·••••···•••· • •--·•••••
453 , 849
1 , 663
6, 09 1
4 , 483
33 , 136
116, 726
120 , 756
106 , 194
64 , 800
Fe.rm le.borers...............................................
483 , 524
42 , 135
57 , 015
24 , 739
84 , 6 79
112 , 099
69 , 603
56 , 341
36 , 91 3
Inexpe rienced person s ••••••••• ••• •••• •••••••••••••••••••••••
282 , 828
106 , 222
95 , 470
25 , 82 7
36 ,11 2
9 ,113
3 , 701
3 , 374
3 , 009
Unknown occupa tion •••••••••••• , ••••••••••••• • ••••••••••• , ••• _ _1_27_.,'-5_04_ +--_ _.
7 ._6_5_
1 ___
1_.
0 ,_6_7_3 _ _ _
5 ~,1_5_7 _ _ _1_
6,_1_8_6--t_ _2_9.,_,9_6_7_ _ _2_6-'-,1
_ 6_2----1_ _2_0~,_
04_6__,t---l_ l~,_
6 6_ 2_
Profe ss ione.l and technical : : ~ ~; : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : 1-l...:':...6.,..
~!,..::c..,,~.,,.~i.--+--l_
6 --'
3 •:..,,~..,,.~3"°3-+--2_0~0 •:;..,~:-;::
:.,,-~-+---8_2 :;..,';;--;;~,:;~- t -2_2..,,.
~.,_,:~..,,i..,,.~- + -3-sic,:
; =-,:is-:::;--;s~- t -3_ 2-::~c<-'.~
.,..,:,.,,~c-1-24__,;,.;.:,,.,
~:,,..,~,--,t--11, ;,'-:.,,,;:,_,:,....
Pro pd etor s , manage r s , and offi c i a l s ( exce pt agri cu l t ure) ...
Offi ce wo r ke rs• ·•••••••••••••••••••••• • •••••••••••••••••••••
Sale smen and kindred wo rkers ••••••••·•••••••••••••••••••••••
Skilled wo r ke rs and fo r emen in bui l ding and constru ction. ...
Skilled worke r s and fo r emen in mfg . and othe r i ndu s tries....
Semiskilled worke r s in bu il ding and const ruction............
Semiski lled worke r s in mfg . and othe r industr ies ............
Uns k ill ed l e.bore rs ( except e.gr icu l tu r e) • •• ••••• , • • • • • • • • • • • •
Domestic and personal service wor ke r s .......................
Farm operators ••• ••• •••• •• •• •• •••••••• •• •• •••• •••• ••••••••••
Fal'"Dl l abo r e rs •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• ,..........
Inexpe rienced persons .......................................
Unknown o ccu pation •••••••••••••• , ••••••••••••••••• ,.........
1
2
4 , 514
87 , 771
56 , 731
3, 494
241,416
9 , 345
447 , 582
7 , 690
48 , 703
673, 184
83 243
27
2 , 129
1,796
45
9 , 136
6 ,1 65
43
5 , 701
3 , 718
165
19 , 513
11, 265
611
27 , 194
12 , 347
1 , 399
15 , 788
11 , 2 11
1 , 475
6 , 393
7 , 341
749
1 , 917
2 , 888
38
119
87
389
832
1, 02 9
73 3
267
6 , 740
516
21 , 328
69
5, 6 76
117 , 56 9
7 132
19 , 926
1 , 004
37 , 927
160
5 , 800
108 , 901
10 023
11 , 682
497
18 , 0 78
91
2 , 295
34 ,735
4 510
38, 317
1 , 564
52 , 807
309
6 , 581
75 , 711
12 . 074
59 , 735
2 , 241
99 , 648
1, 179
10,110
103 , 853
17 . 415
53 , 480
1 , 805
102 , 771
2, 285
8 , 808
102 , 873
15 142
35 , 825
1 , 190
78 , 453
2 , 323
6 , 266
85 , 405
11.385
15 , 711
528
36 , 5 70
1 , 274
3 , 167
44 , 137
5 , 562
Includes white , Neg r o, othe r , and unknown color or race.
Fo r qua l ificati ons of these statistics, see statemen t on page 18.
TABLE 5-WHITE WORKERS ON RELIEF, BY CLASS OF USUAL OCCUPATION, AGE, AND SEX, FOR THE UNITED STATES:'
MARCH 1935
CLASS OF USUAL OCCUPATION, AND SEX
TOTAL
1 6 AND 17
YEARS
1 8 AND 19
YEARS
20
YEARS
21 TO 24
YEARS
25 TO 34
35 TO 44
YEARS
YEARS
!~;!~;: :'. ::::::'. ::::::::::::::::
46 TO 64
YEARS
55 TO 64
YEARS
5 04
3 05
4 03
17
58
1 1
1 0
8
49
Profes s ione.l and technical
t--'-'-""
1:"":""
: .,,,
:;; ,--t--- --=•-=~-=~:::--+--- c:--'
i,,.-;-+--- -=-'
~ :..,;""
: """
~ -+--- _,,.
: :...,:!""
!"";-+..c.:....';.,;,..-i:....'1.:-::~'::c;-+..:::....'c.,~_,,::....:;""';,.,,;--1-c.,~,...,!-'-:
c.,~~:,.;.,
~:""':,-1 :=-:!-:Proprietor s , manage r s , and officials (except a gri cu l ture) .••
75 , 149
153
564
388
2 , 216
10 , 960
24 , 023
23 , 503
13 , 342
Offi ce wor ke rs ••· •• •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••·•••••••••
206, 760
4 , 240
14 , 905
9 , 82 9
38 , 87 3
62 , 729
42 , 368
23 , 352
10 , 464
Salesme n and kindred wo r ke rs •••••••••••••••••••••••• • .• ••••••
173,739
4,519
13 , 519
8 , 362
27 ,711
38 , 200
38 , 982
28 , 052
14 , 394
Skille d worke rs and foremen in bui l ding and constru ction ••••
458 , 936
425
2 , 007
1 , 824
16 , 257
96 , 528
139 , 178
129 , 944
72 , 7 73
Skilled wo rke rs and fo r emen in mfg . and other i ndust ries ••••
22 8 , 856
579
2 , 376
2 , 252
15 , 313
56 , 811
69 , 996
54 , 79 8
26 , 731
Semi skilled worke r s in buil ding and construct i on ••••••••• •• •
1 , 402
7 ,19 1
6 , 403
38 , 622
99, 532
66 , 762
35 , 049
13 , 617
268 , 578
Semiskilled workers in mfg . and other i ndu st rie s •••••.••••••
764 , 574
11, 252
35 , 581
22 , 322
95 , 907
193 ,9 75
184 , 564
146, 549
74 , 424
Unskilled l abore rs ( exc ept agric ulture) •••••••••••••••••• , ••
665 , 957
16 , 140
41 , 784
23 , 318
85 ,79 7
147 ,9 60
132 , 516
135 , 485
82 , 957
Dome stic and personal se rvice workers ••••••••••••••• • •••••••
32 7, 737
16 , 360
30, 8 65
14 , 301
38, 818
58 , 329
68,722
63 , 971
36 , 3 71
Fa:rnl ope rat o rs ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••
418 , 784
1 , 472
5 , 417
4 , 080
30, 428
108 , 062
112 , 324
98 , 06 9
58 , 9 32
Farm labo rers •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••
417 , 480
37,773
51 , 095
22 , 292
75 , 34 9
97 , 391
58 , 0 10
45 , 854
29 ,716
Inexpe rie n ce d pe rs ons •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••
82 6,931
199 , 103
181 ,9 78
53 , 206
95 , 881
91 , 439
87 , 783
76,020
41 , 521
Unknown occu pe.tion •• , •••••••••••• , • ; • , •••••••••••••••••••••• t---=
1.4::..0a.....=.
5""
5 1=--t--~
lla..,...;a
6.::..
95=--+---=-15
::..i.:2..:.
3 '7-+---"6 <.::9..:.
5=l -t---=l.::..
9 1..:5:.::8-=-5-+--=2-=9..,,9:.::9-'7-+--=2-=5.._l:.::6c::.6-4_...;;2:.::0.,_l:..a7c..::6-4_-'l:.::l""-""
74::..:4'--
~~~; :
,~:,.;, . ;,-1-..c.
,
3 7
83
15 7
23 5
1
10 9
41
8
8
40 4
71
Professional and tec hnical
: : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : 1-~•\ .,.,~=--'.-=
~04
-=-:--+---- ~•-=-~-=i1:--+---- ~•....,:.,,.
: 7=--+--- ~ 'c-,,~,.,,.
; =-~-+---=~-=-;~:~=-=-~-=~- + --=i-=~-'-'.~=-:;-=~--t-- -=
! -:~,...,!,.,.!- - t -- -:!-'-:=-:
9 ~=-:~Proprietor s , manage r s , and officials (exce pt a gri cu l tu r e) ...
71 , 088
128
522
346
2 , 0 72
10, 409
22 , 779
22 ,171
12 , 661
Of f ice workers •• ··••••••••••••••••••••·••• •••• •••···--•••••·
122 , 088
2 , 183
6 , 0 70
4 , 319
20 , 096
36 , 681
27 , 055
17,106
8 , 578
Salesmen and kindred worke r s ••••••.••••• •···•••-- ••••• ••••••
118 ,9 50
2, 777
7, 554
4 , 758
16 , 834
26 , 402
28 ,1 55
20 , 902
11 , 568
Skilled worke rs and fo r e men in building and const ru ction....
458 , 936
425
2 , 007
1 , 824
16, 25 7
96 , 528
139 , 178
129 , 944
72 , 773
Skille d wor ke rs and foremen in mf g . and othe r indust r ies ....
225 , 535
541
2, 25 9
2 ,168
14 , 939
56 , 037
69 , 012
54 , 108
26 , 471
Semisk illed wo r ker s i n building and construction........... .
268 , 578
1 , 402
7 , 191
6 , 403
38 , 6 22
99 , 532
66 , 762
35 , 049
13 , 617
Semiski lled wo r ke r s in mfg. and other i ndustrie s •. ••••••••••
559 , 89 1
5 , 107
17 , 096
11 , 668
62 , 213
146 , 064
141 , 387
116 , 030
60 , 326
Unskille d l abore r s ( except a gricultu r e ).....................
659 , 269
15, 756
40 , 968
22 , 93 1
84 , 589
146 , 469
131 , 309
134 , 663
82 , 584
Dome stic and per s onal s e rvice worker s .......................
100, 58 6
1 , 243
3, 686
2 , 29 7
9 , 863
20 , 909
23 , 999
23 , 74 5
14 , 844
F e.rm operato rs•• ·••••••••••••••••••••••••·••••••·•·•••••••••
4 13 , 343
1 , 427
5, 310
4 , 018
30, 22 7
107 , 289
110 , 700
96 , 343
58 , 029
Fe.rm le.bore r s •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••
395 , 780
34,940
48 , 168
21 , 127
72 , 286
92 , 896
54 , 300
43 , 404
28 , 659
Ine;xperience d persons••••• ·••·•••••••••••••••••••••••.......
251, 888
95 , 134
85 ,903
23 , 189
32 , 209
7 , 584
2 , 752
2 , 660
2 , 457
Unknown occupation•••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• t---.........
8 6"""""6-"-47'-t--6-'-"0-"36
" --+---'-"
7 '-'9-=l-=0 -t----=3 ._;7...;:;3..=.
4 -t--=l""l "-4:.:3..::.
5-t_...;;la.;;,
9..,9:..:8;.::;
2-t---=l:.;:;6.,_3;:.;6:.::3--1--'l:.:3.L.::.;
24:.:8~ - - '7..L.;;.C
93:..:9c..._
-!:c-:, ,.,.~-~=--+-
FEl1ALE •••••••••••••• •• •••••••••·• 1 , 270 , 614
138 , 175
168 , 650
67 414
173 599
233 82 1
224 , 089
176 , 162
88 , 704
Profess i onal and te chnical workers •••••••••••••••••••••••••• t-----:::c
29=--,-=-1""'
61=--+---.........,.1-=s1
: --1------,7,..,7-=5 - + - - - ~6""'6-:8--+-4 ...
, 4""'8-4--t-........,.
8-,6-:9-0- - t - 7-,4- 4-6- - t - -4-'-,=
7 1--3----1--2~,22_4_
Propriet ors , manage r s, and officials ( e xcept a griculture) ...
4 , 06 1
25
42
42
144
551
1 , 244
1 , 332
681
Office workers ............ ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••
84 , 672
2, 05 7
8 , 835
5 , 510
18 , 777
26 , 048
15, 313
6 , 246
1 , 886
Salesmen and kindre d worke rs••••••••••·•••••••••••••••••••••
54 , 789
1 , 742
5, 965
3 , 604
10, 877
11, 798
10 , 827
7, 150
2 , 826
Skilled workers and foremen in building and constructi on....
Skilled worke rs and foremen in mfg. and other industrie s....
3 , 32 1
38
117
84
374
774
984
690
260
Semiskille d workers in building and construction............
Semiskille d workers in mfg. and other industries ............
204 , 683
6 ,145
18, 485
10 , 654
33, 694
47 , 911
43 , 177
30, 519
14 , 098
384
816
38 7
1 , 208
1 , 491
1 , 207
822
Unskille d le.borers ( except e.griculture)•••••••••••••••••••••
6 , 688
373
Domestic and personal service workers.......................
227 , 1 51
15 , 117
27 ,179
12 , 004
28 , 955
37 , 420
44 , 723
40 , 226
2 1 , 527
45
107
201
773
Farm. operators •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• ••
5, 441
62
1 , 6 24
1 , 726
903
Fe.rm laborers ••••••••••••••••• • •• • •••••••••••••••••••• ,.....
2 1 , 700
2 , 833
2 , 9 27
1, 165
4 , 495
3 , 063
2 , 450
1, 057
3 , 710
103 , 969
30, 0 17
83 , 855
73 , 360
63 , 672
Inexperience d persons ••••.•.••• •• • •••..••.•.•.. • .•..• ••. •. ••
575 , 043
85 , 031
39 , 064
96 , 0"5
Unknown occupation •.•. .•..•.•••••••••••. , • . . . . . • • • • • • . . . • • . •
53 904
5 659
3 217
8 150
10 015
6 928
3 , 805
8 803
1Fo r
qua lific ations of t h ese statistics·, see ste.tem'!nt on pa ge 18.
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
15
CLASS OF OCCUPATION AND AGE
TABLE &-NEGRO WORKERS ON RELIEF, BY CLASS OF USUAL OCCUPATION, AGE, .AND SEX, FOR THE UNITED STATES:'
MARCH 1935
CLASS OF USUAL OCCUPATION, AND SEX
TOTAL
16 AND 17
YEARS
18 AND 19
YEARS
20
YEARS
21 TO 24
YEARS
25 TO 34
YEARS
36 TO 44
YEARS
45 TO 64
YEARS
56 TO 64
YEARS
TOTAL•• ··••••••••••••••••••••••••
906,356
42 , 407
53,997
25 , 007
94 ,792
232 , 129
224 , 232
158,318
75,474
Pr ofessional and technical worke rs ••••••••••• •••••• ••••••••• l---=7 ,--=9"="1=-2- + - - - ~4=0 -+----.l'""ti,.l.--+----.1'"":5=5- + - - - ,9""5""9--+---,,
2-,4,.,9,..
11---t-----,,2-,0"'7"'3-t----.1-,"'
35""2,--1,-----,,5 9" 8',-Proprietors , manage rs , and offici als ( except agriculture) ...
3 , 688
42
71
44
236
60 4
1 ,165
983
543
Office workers ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• •• •••••••••
6 ,315
157
429
218
1,159
2,290
1,283
574
205
Salesmen and kindred workers •••••••••••••• , •••••• ,,, •• ,.,,••
4,513
160
428
249
834
1,158
892
519
273
Skilled workers and fo r emen in building and constructi on....
25 , 910
22
110
88
691
4,833
8 , 478
7,883
3 ,806
Skilled workers and fo r emen in mfg. and other indust r ies , •• ,
12 , 630
30
144
95
716
3,631
4 , 620
2,510
884
Semi skilled workers in building and construction,, ••••••••• ,
35,351
133
479
441
2 , 842
11 , 350
11 , 100
6 ,460
2 , 546
Semiskilled workers in mfg. and othe r industries ............
88 ,199
1 , 598
3 , 225
2 , 132
10,169
26,807
24 , 284
14, 271
5 ,713
Unskilled lab o rers (except agriculture) ... . . ..... ....... .. ••
196, 138
3 , 341
7,053
3 , 831
17 ,6 06
50 ,725
53 , 139
40 , 188
20 , 255
Domestic and pe r sonal service worke rs..... .............. ... .
276 , 265
6 , 671
11 , 864
6 , 908
29 , 896
79 , 162
72 , 654
48 , 792
20 , 318
Farm operators .............................. . ...............
33 ,736
235
684
391
2 , 365
7,493
8 , 325
8 ,327
5 ,916
Farm l abore rs ........... •••••••• • ···•••••""••••• •• •••""•
82,205
8 , 241
8,841
3 , 480
11 ,029
16,5 25
14,153
11,848
8 , 088
Inexperienced pe r sons.......................................
107,240
20 , 286
18,108
5 , 862
12,894
18 , 338
16 ,190
10,818
4,744
UnknoMI occupation ••••••••••••• , ••••• , , , •• , •••• , ••••• , • • • , , • 1--26~ 2~5..:..
4 -+-_ _
l ,_45
"--l-+-_ _
2,_3_8_0-+_ _
l ,_1_1_0-+_ _
3,_3_6_6---t-_ _6.,_7_2_2--+_ _5_,_8_ 7_6- t - ~3~ 76~3---i--1~
58~6-
11ALE . ............................
529 , 0 70
21 ,733
28,5 8 7
12 , 851
52 , 033
131, 096
132 , 138
98 , 660
5 1,972
Professional and technical workers •• , ••• , , , •••••• , , •••••• , •• 1----:4 ,'""o""
a=2 -+---'--o-1=a -+------,,7=5 -+----::6-,,.
6- + - - ~40
= a--+-......,,.
1-, 0"5'"'3--+----.1~,1""'0""5- t - - " " =
aa""4,--1--...c....,-44.,.,3,-Proprietor s , manage rs , and official s (except agriculture). ..
3 , 290
40
68
43
222
552
1,025
855
485
Office workers ••••••• ,.•• ••• ,., ••• , ... . ... .. .. ,.............
4,067
114
225
100
657
1, 393
928
467
183
Salesmen and kindred workers ....................... , •••••• ,.
3,447
138
354
207
657
839
637
386
229
Skilled v,orkers and fo r emen in building and construction . . ..
25 ,910
22
110
88
69 1
4,833
8 ,478
7 , 883
3 , 806
Skilled workers and fo r emen in mfg . and othe r industr ies ....
12,492
30
142
94
706
3 , 580
4 , 584
2,475
881
Semiskilled worker s in building and construction........... .
35 , 351
1 33
479
441
2,842
11 , 350
11,100
6 ,46 0
2 , 546
Semiskilled wo r ke r s in mfg . and other industrie s , •••• ••·••••
56 , 581
1 ,178
2 , 252
1, 331
6 ,452
16 , 306
15, 1 38
9 , 639
4,285
Unskilled laborers (e xcept agricultur e) •••••••• , ....... •••..
193,683
3 , 222
6 , 895
3,736
17,284
50 , 012
5 2, 587
39 , 8 40
20 ,107
Domestic and pe r sonal service workers ................... . ...
6 4, 308
1, 0 21
2 , 116
1 , 324
7,356
18,717
16 ,281
11,499
5 , 994
Farm ope r ato r s ••••••••••••••·•••• • •·•••• •••• •·•·•·•••··• ••· •
31,612
212
631
366
2 , 267
7 , 111
7 , 703
7,757
5 , 565
Farm l abo r e rs .................... . ..........................
57 , 250
5,701
6 , 349
2 , 478
7 , 921
11 , 285
9 , 303
8 ,1 90
,6 , 023
I nexpe r ienced persons ................ ........ .. •••••• •• •••••
25 ,076
9, 167
7 , 812
2 , 101
3 ,080
1,177
709
573
457
Unknown occupation •••••••••••••••••••••• , ••••••••••••••••••• 1---1_1~9_2_
1 _ _ _ _7_3_7_ _ _
l._0_7_9-+-_ _ _4_7_6 -+_ _
l.._
. 4_9_0---t-_ _2.,_
, 8_5_8- t_ _2_,_, 5_6_0- t_ _l.,_.,7_ 5_2---i_ _ _
96_9_
!!=;::: :::::::::::::::::::::::
37
Professional and t e chnical
1---Proprietors , manage rs, and officials (except agr iculture) ...
398
Office worke rs •••••• ••• •••••• •••., •• •• ••• •.•• ••••• ••. ••• ••• •
2 , 248
Salesmen and kindred workers ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••
1,066
Skilled workers and fo r emen in building and construction ••••
Skilled wo r kers and foremen in mfg . and other indust r ies ••••
138
Semiskilled worke rs in bu ilding and construction••••••••••••
Semiskilled worke r s in mfg . and othe r industr ies ••••••••••••
31 , 6 18
Unskilled laborers ( except agri culture) ••••••• ••••• ••••• • •••
2 , 455
Dome s tic and pe rs onal service workers •••••••••••••••••••••••
211, 957
Farm operators •••••••• •••• ••• • •••••••• •••• ••••• ••• •••••••• ••
2 ,1 24
Farm laborers •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••
24 , 955
Inexpe rienced persons ••••••••• • •••••••••••••.• , •••••.•••••••
82 , 164
Unkn.ovm occupation ••••••••••••••• • ••••••••••••••••••••• •.••.
14 333
1Fo r
;,.c:c.!., .~~, .~ --2-0 ''-6--=~=-:-+---2-5 ~--=~-=-~-+---1-2 1--=!-=-~-+--4-2""'';~~-=-~_.__l_o..,..~.,_:~~~=~- t -- 9-2
"°''
52
897
319
140
355
255
:~:---l-- . .:.i'~~=!-
59 6
..:.'-4
128
107
133
-=-'~
~ :~
: - - --
=--'
2
43
22
3
204
74
1
118
42
14
502
177
10
51
36
35
420
119
5,650
23
2 , 540
11 , 119
714
973
158
9 ,7 48
53
2 ,492
10 , 296
1 301
801
95
5 , 584
25
1, 002
3 , 761
634
3 , 717
322
22 , 540
98
3 , 108
9 , 814
1 876
10,501
713
60 ,445
382
5 ,2 40
17 , 161
3 86 4
9 ,146
552
• 56,373
622
4,850
15, 481
3 316
4,6 3 2
348
37 , 293
570
3,658
10 , 245
2 011
23
-
58
22
44
1 , 428
148
14,324
35 1
2 , 065
4 , 287
617
qualifications of these s t atis tic s , see s tatement on page 1 8 .
TABLE 7-WORKERS' ON RELIEF IN URBAN AREAS, BY CLASS OF USUAL OCCUPATION, AGE, AND SEX, FOR THE UNITED
STATES: 2 MARCH 1935
CLASS OF USUAL OCCUPATION, AND SEX
TOTAL
!~;:;;::::::::::::::::::::::::::
16 A,'ID 17
YEARS
18 AND 19
YEARS
20
YEARS
21 TO 24
YEARS
.;.!-+--
25 TO 34
YEARS
35 TO 44
YEARS
45 TO 64
YEARS
55 TO 64
YEARS
:;. ;!:.;,~-+-
3 9
20 1
29
13
5
444
8
9
7
6
38
:.:.,,:.~.<..,:~:.;,
:.;~:.;,;,'-:!:.;~;;,~--1-.:..:~:. :;~. e.:.c:.: ; .:~'--1--=-:..:~:.,.:.::.!~:..:~:.._
Professional and t echnical
1---'''--::!:
::-:'-::,.,~"'"
~ -+-...c.-'-'-='
=-==7 -'-' .~;..;~.;.--1--:.;i.;.!.,_:
:.:~i'-='.
Pr oprietors , manage rs , and officials (except agricultu r e ) ,..
67,263
173
568
382
2 , 06 1
9 , 793
21, 8 71
20 , 88 7
11 , 528
Office workers ................... ,•••••••,.••• •••••••• ••••••
187,704
3 ,954
13, 312
8 ,789
35,742
57 , 692
38 , 318
20 , 658
9 , 239
Salesmen and kind r ed workers . . .... .. ........... ... ..........
154,207
3,915
12 , 077
7,463
24 , 580
33 , 908
3 4 , 806
24 , 88 4
12 , 574
Skilled wo r kers and foremen in building and construction •• ,.
378 , 312
330
1, 614
1, 469
12,967
79 , 090
117,363
107,779
5 7 , 700
Skilled wo rke rs and foremen in mf g . and other industries. ...
191,123
463
1, 927
1, 847
12 , 486
46,226
59,485
46,491
22 ,1 98
Semiskillod workers in buil ding and construction ........... •
233 , 229
1,065
5 , 591
5 ,1 47
30 ,620
83 , 593
61 , 347
33 ,210
12 , 656
Semiskilled workers in mfg . and· other industries ,...........
689 , 773
10,421
32 , 825
20 , 752
88 , 995
177 ,769
169 , 496
128 , 067
6 1,448
Unski lle d l a.bo rers ( e xcept agricultur e) •••••••••••• ••• •• •• ..
625,451
11,403
32 , 809
18 , 956
70 ,084
136,135
141, 500
137,259
77 , 305
Dome stic and pe r sonal service worke rs ••••••• , ••••• • ••• •• • ·••
501 , 035
14 , 88 9
30 , 334
15, 834
54,461
118 , 856
123,394
96,014
47 , 253
Farm operato rs •••• ••••••·••·••••·•••••••·•···• ••••••• · ••• ·••
49,578
146
628
45 8
2 , 901
9 , 508
12, 0 95
13 , 634
10 , 208
Farm labo.re ra.... ................................ . ..........
115 , 32 3
6 , 303
11,140
5 , 296
18,699
25 , 905
18 , 692
17,370
11 , 918
Inexperienced per s ons ••••••••••••••••• , •••••••••••••• ••.....
562 , 81 2
136 , 849
130,581
37,208
60 , 925
57 , 676
60 , 982
51, 8 41
26 ,750
Unknown occu pation •••• • •••••••••••••••••• , ••••• , •••••••••••• 1---=l-=65=.=5.=.54
-=--+---:l.:..
Oa.::9;.;:.
6.;...7-+---=lz.6._,4aa:;9.=.
2 -+----'-7....,8'-'4"'2-+--=2.=.
2.-.,
.6'-'4""9_.__...::3:.:..7.a.a
. 1:.:7-=0-_...,3:..:2.L. 7'--'8'-7'-_ _...:2::..,4_..6::..:9c.::0_ _...:1:=2'-'-"'
95"-'7Pr ofe s s ional and technical
=;~~::::::::::::::::::::::::::
~c::~-;-+-=~,-, ;-!-+---'
,-
t-2__,__8_!i"'",""'~--;;'---+--...c.l..c.0~
5 '-'i""
~""i-+---'l"'6"2 '-'.~-"
g-"; -+---7-"8 '-'~-"6.c.~-+--'2c..c.9..:..
; .c,!:.:!i,
..:..
8_._---'6'-'i'; ....
, ~'-':=; --+-6c..ci-=i-'-,-~'-';'""i-t-5c..c6-=!...., 6~9~c..c:- t--"30:.:!'-'-,""
~~'-'i'--
Propr i eto r s , manager s, and offic ial s (except agricu ltu re) ...
63,596
157
535
3 44
1 , 922
9 , 297
20 , 720
19, 676
10 , 945
Offic e workers • ·•··•• ••••••·• ·••••• •••••••••••••••••••••••••
112,563
2 ,165
5 , 858
4 , 100
19,191
34, 0 26
24 , 529
15 ,1 36
7 ,558
Salesme n and kindre d workers ...... . .........................
105,422
2 , 427
6 , 7 43
4 , 289
14 , 926
23,426
25 , 086
18 , 443
10,082
Ski lled worke rs and fo r emen in building e.nd c onstruction....
378 , 312
330
1,614
1,469
12 , 967
79,090
117 , 363
107 , 779
57,700
Skilled worke rs and foremen in mfg . and other industries ....
188,138
436
1,826
1,771
12 ,1 48
45 , 5 16
58 , 609
45,86 3
21 , 969
Semiskilled worke rs in building and con s truction............
233,229
1,066
5,591
5,147
30 , 620
83 ,593
61,347
33,2 10
12 , 656
Semi skilled worke rs i n mfg. and other industries . .. .........
489,294
5, 1 91
16,160
10 , 847
56 , 307
127, 756
124,747
99 , 013
49 , 273
Unskilled labore rs (exce pt agriculture) ........ .... .........
618 ,747
11,082
32 , 098
18 , 598
68 , 917
134 , 489
140,163
136,429
76 ,971
Domestic and pers onal service workers •••••••••••••• · ··• •••••
150,856
1, 85 4
5 , 013
3,137
15 , 613
36, 928
37 ,493
32 ,180
18,638
Farm ope rators • •• •••••••••••••••••• •••• •••••••••••••••••••••
48 , 8 46
140
618
445
2 , 867
9,382
11 , 8 78
13,431
10,085
Farm le.borers •••••••••• •• •·•••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••
107 , 506
5 , 573
10,296
4 , 984
17,666
24,258
17 , 168
16,209
11 , 352
Inexperience d persons ............... ••••••••••••••••"••••..
189 ,1 20
69,028
66 , 671
18,270
23 ,58 8
5 , 372
2 , 318
2 , 121
1 ,752
Unknown occupation•••••••••••• , ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• t----'95a...=3.c..
37'--+---5= -=6.a..
25;:..._+--8 '-'3"-7_
5 -+-----=4 a.;:0;.;:.
9_5 -+---=l=2 '-'45
=-"0 _.__..:;2.;.2.;0:.;;.;:.
6 0---+--=l:.::.
9.L5:..;4:.::.5_ _...:l:.:4cz.8;:.:2::.::6- - _ _ :8.L;:.;
36:.:l;..._
Professional and technical
!=;::::::: :::::::::::::::::::
Propr ieto r s , manage rs, and officials (except a g r iculture)...
Office fforkers •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• ,.
Salesmen and kindr ed workers •••••••••···••••••••••••••••••••
Skilled workers and foremen in building and cons truction....
Skille d worke rs and foreme n in mfg. and other industries ....
Semiskilled workers in building and construction.... . .......
Semiskilled wo r ke rs in mf g . and other industries ••••••• ••• • •
Unskilled labor e r s ( except agriculture).. ...................
Domestic and personal service workers, •••• ••• ••••••••• ••••••
F e.rm. op,erators •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• ••
Farm labo~rs •••••••••••••• , •• ••• •••••••••••••• •• • ••• ••• • •..
Inexperienced persons ..................... . .................
Unknown occup ati on •••••••••••• •• ••••••••••••••••••••• ••••...
1 Includes
2
t-l~l.,..~i=-":-=~-=~:c --t--9 5_ •..,.i.,..~~
c --t---1_2_9 - ~--~.,..~--;--5 _4_~_8_:-+--1_5_;._,~cc:'3
.,0 ---t--2_45--7-,~,-~-; --+-2_3_: ~,:-~O- t _l_7_; ~,!5
- 9-i- t - -7-~~.:~--~3 , 667
75,1~1
48,785
2 , 985
200 , 479
6 , 704
350 ,17 9
33
7,454
5 , 334
38
4 , 689
3 , 174
139
16,551
9,654
496
23 , 666
10,482
1 ,151
13,789
9 , 720
1 , 211
5 , 522
6 ,441
58 3
1 ,681
2,492
27
101
76
338
710
8 76
628
229
5,230
321
13 , 035
16,665
711
25 , 321
10
844
63,910
8 117
9 , 905
358
12,697
13
3 12
18,938
3 , 741
32 , 688
1,167
38 , 848
34
1,033
37 , 337
10 ,199
50,013
1,646
81 , 928
126
1,647
52 , 304
15 , llO
44,749
1,337
85 , 901
217
1 , 524
58,664
13 242
29,054
830
63 , 834
203
1 ,161
49,720
9 864
12,176
334
28 , 6 15
123
566
24 ,998
4 ,596
732
6
7 , 817
373 , 692
70 217
730
67,821
5 342
white , Negr o , other, and unknown color or ra ce.
Fo r qualifications of these statistics , see statement on page 18.
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
16
1,789
1,488
WORKERS ON RELIEF-UNITED STATES
16
TABLE 8-WHITE WORKERS ON RELIEF IN URBAN AREAS, BY CLASS OF USUAL OCCUPATION, AGE, AND SEX, FOR THE
UNITED STATES:' MARCH 1935
CLASS OF USUAL OCCUPATI ON, AND SEX
16 AND 17
YEARS
TOTAL
18 AND 19
YEARS
21 TO 24
YEARS
20
YEARS
25 TO 34
YEARS
35 TO 44
YEARS
45 TO 54
YEARS
56 TO 64
YEARS
TOTAL .................. . ......... 3 ,144 , 739
168, 748
243 ,994
109 , 603
356,164
668 , 933
693 , 46 2
588 , 693
315 , 142
Professional and technical wo r ke r s •••••••••••••••••••••••••• ~----,,,
57,,...,"""2..,.
44- :--t----,,l\J.,...,,-5- + - - --,\J,..,,:,..--1+------,8,-,
4..,.
4 - + ---,,.6-,,2'"'1-::-3----t----,,1""'6""",5""'4°"'
3---t----,1""5-,2""'7""3--t--,l.-.l-,""2\!""2:--11---,5~,"'"
t;,3"""3:-Pro pr ietors , manage r s , and officials ( except a griculture) ...
62 , 946
124
490
334
1,816
9 , 061
20 ,507
19 , 759
10 , 855
Office worke r s ..................... :........................
179 , 450
3,751
12 , 742
8,464
34 , 170
54 , 792
36 , 669
19 , 912
8,950
Salesmen e.nd kindred wo r kers .......................... .. ....
147, 511
3,695
11 ,429
7 , 080
23 , 293
32 ,175
33 , 513
24 , 118
12 , 208
Skil led worke r s and foremen in building and c onstruction....
348 , 798
307
1 , 502
1 , 3 74
12 , 109
73 ,257
107 , 528
99 , 064
53 , 657
Sk illed workers and fo r emen in mfg . and other industrie s ....
177 , 049
415
1 , 764
1 ,714
11 , 611
42 , 186
54 , 332
43 , 762
21 , 235
Semiskil l ed worke r s in bu ild ing and const ructi on.. . .........
196 ,1 06
927
5, 093
4 , 664
27 ,4 51
71 , 288
49 , 851
26 , 676
10 , 156
Semiski lled wo r ke r s in mfg . and other i ndust rie s .. . , .. . .....
596 , 892
8 , 815
29 , 265
10,482
77 , 916
148,927
143 , 846
113 , 624
56 , 017
Unsk i lled labor e r s ( exce pt agricu lture ) ,.. .. ............. . ..
430 , 713
8 ,6 89
26, 288
15,161
52 , 886
84 , 898
87 ,358
97 , 2 l.l
58 , 222
Domestic and pe r sonal service wo r kers ..... .. .............. ..
244,928
9 , 3 74
19 , 75 2
9 , 561
26 , 814
44, 167
55 , 131
51 , 261
28 , 868
Farm ope rators ...................... .... .... . ..... .. .. .. ....
42 , 740
113
530
387
2 ,4 87
8 , 152
10, 458
11 , 817
8 , 796
Farm laborers ...............................................
81 , 091
4 , 5 17
8,367
4 , 080
14 , 169
17,969
11 , 920
11 , 573
8 , 496
Inexperienced persons .... .. .... . . . ..... . ....... . .... . .......
472 , 600
119 , 268
113 , 942
31, 911
50 , 009
42 , 970
47 , 938
43,295
23 , 267
Unknown oc cupation ............................. .. ... . . .. .... ~ _1_
06~,•~6_71_ _ _8~ 5_58
_ t - - _l~l ~8_7_9-+- 5 ~5_1_7-+_ _1_5~2_2_0--t-_ _2_2~,4_4_8--t-_ _1_9~•1_ 3_8_ _ _1_5~•_3 2_9_ _ _8~,_
5 8_ 2_
' -!-~-!-+--- •-!.;!-. !-+- :-;-;--+- :-:-:--+- ~
-!~:-4- -~-:-;!~~~---!-:-~~-:-
66
24
5
53
46
2 3
9
88 8
137
-' -~.;....'.
- ~-~,;....:
- -: .;..:
P r ofes sional e.nd technical ~ ~; ~::: : : : '.:: '.: : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : l--''--~~...;:-~- !- 1 - - -....;'c...-: -~ - -- -'
Proprietors , manager3 , and official s ( except agricultu re ) ...
59 , 680
109
460
297
1,697
8 ,621
19 ,496
18, 6 71
Ofl."i ce wo r ke r s ............... .. .............................
107 , 233
2 , 02 6
5 , 56 5
3,952
18 , 305
32 , 225
23 , 330
14 , 533
Sal e smen and kindr ed wo r kers ....................... . ........
100 , 518
2, 254
6,280
4 , 015
14, 004
22 , 195
24,151
17 , 849
Skilled wor ke r s and fo r emen in bu ilding and construction....
348 , 798
307
1 , 502
1 , 374
12,1 09
73 , 257
107,528
99 , 064
Ski lled worke r s and fo r emen in mfg . and othe r i n dustries ....
174 , 228
388
1 , 665
1,671
11 , 288
41 , 532
53 ,49 8
43 , 175
Semiskilled workers i n building and con st r ucti on............
196 , 106
927
5, 093
4 , 664
27 , 451
71 , 288
49 , 851
26 ,676
Semi s k illed workers in mfg . o.nd othe r industr ies ............
430 , 689
4 , 062
13 , 878
9 , 502
49 , 553
110 , 152
108 , 8 53
89 , 444
Unskilled laborers ( except agr icultur e) ........... . .... . ....
425 , 995
8 , 452
25 , 711
14,885
51 , 989
8 3 , 840
86 ,487
96 , 650
Dome stic and pe r sonal service workers .. . .... .... .. .. ........
86 , 325
928
2 , 991
1 , 864
8 , 221
17 , 736
20 ,957
20 , 854
Farm operator s .,..................................... . ......
42 , 271
110
525
379
2 , 468
8 , 080
10 , 306
11 , 684
Farm labo r e rs...............................................
78 , 332
4,202
8 , 021
3 , 964
13 , 813
17 , 423
11 , 403
11,1'76
I nexperie nced pe r son s .......................................
165, 476
60 , 680
59 , 007
16 ,1 78
20,659
4,296
1 , 659
1 , 629
Unknown oc cu pat ion ••••••••••••••••• • ••• • ••••• • ••••••••• • •••• _ _
62~ 8_98_ .,..__4~ 3_57_.,..__~
6 ~0_7_9 - + - - 2 _9_2_7 _ _ _
8_5_4_1 _ __1_4_ 1_5_1 _ _ _1_1_ 7_7_2--+_ _9~ 54_8__,_
25
10 , 329
7 , 297
9,770
53 , 657
21 , 0 11
10 , 156
45,245
57 , 981
12,774
8 , 719
8 , 330
1 , 368
_ 5~,_
52_3_
FEl1ALE .... . .... . ... . •• • •• •• .. •• . •
829 , 148
79 , 853
106 , 699
43,445
11 2 , 587
153 , 269
154 , 436
119,979
58 , 880
2oc-',-=2.,,.
02= --1---""""'-:1.,,.02=--+----'-:4-=
3-=-3- + -- --,3""5-=8 - + ----,,2'"",1=-=3-:4----t--......,,.
5'"",·""17"'5----t----,,5-,5""3""8--t----,,3~, """
53'""1- 1 - - - ,1-,=1 ::-,.1,. ,-Professional and t e chnical workers • • . , •• ,., ••••.• ,,., •.••••• 1------,Pro prietors , mana ge rs , and officials ( except a gricult ure) ...
3, 266
15
30
37
119
440
1 , 0 11
1, 088
526
72 , 217
1 , 725
7 , 177
4,512
15,865
22 , 567
13 , 339
5 , 379
1 , 653
Offi ce wo r ke r s ...................... . ................ . .... ..
Salesmen and kindred workers •. • .•..••.......••. , .. . . , ., ..•.•
46 , 993
1 , 441
5 , 149
3 , 065
9,289
9 , 980
9 , 362
6 , 269
2 , 438
Ski lled wo r ke rs and fo r e men in building and construction ••••
Skilled worke r s and foremen in mfg . and othe r industr ies •.• •
587
224
73
323
654
834
2 , 821
27
99
Semiskil l ed wo r ke rs in bui l ding and cons t ruct i on ••••••••••••
24 , 180
10, 772
Semiski l led worke rs in mfg . and other industr ies ••••••• • • ••.
28 , 363
38 ,77 5
34 , 993
8 , 980
4 , 753
166, 203
15, 387
561
241
Unski lled labor e r s ( except agricultur e) •• • •••• • ••••••• • •••••
4 , 718
577
276
897
871
1 , 058
237
Dome s t ic and personal se rvi ce worke r s , ••.•.• ,., ••••. ,., •..••
16 , 094
158, 603
7, 69 7
18 , 593
26 , 431
34,174
30, 407
8 , 446
16 ,7 61
77
Farm _o per ators,•••• ........... , ••••• ,.,,, .•••• • •• ,,• ••••• • • • •
4 69
19
133
152
3
5
8
72
Farm l aborers ••••••.•••••••••• ,.,,, •. , ••...••. , •. ,,,, •... ,.,
397
166
356
546
517
2,7 59
315
346
116
Inexpe r ienced persons ,, ••.•• , ...•..••••. ,.,., •••.••• , • . . , .••
21 , 899
29 , 350
38, 674
46 , 279
41 , 666
307 ,124
58 , 588
54 , 935
15,733
Unbown occupation•. ..••••••• , • , ••••• , .••. , .•••.••• , , ••• , •••
3 , 059
2 590
6 6 79
8 297
7 366
5 781
43. 773
4 201
5 800
1 Fo r
qual ifications of these statistics, see statement on page 1B.
TABLE 9-NEGRO WORKERS ON REUEF IN URBAN AREAS, BY CLASS OF USUAL OCCUPATION, AGE, AND SEX, FOR THE
UNITED STATES:' MARCH 1935
1 6 AND 17
YEARS
18 AND 19
YEARS
20
YEARS
21 TO 24
25 TO 34
YEARS
35 TO 44
YEARS
46 TO 64,
YEARS
55 TO 64
YEARS
71 , 690
87 3
225
1 , 122
799
616
627
2 ,502
9 , 164
14 ,377
26 , 224
340
2 , 472
9 , 290
3 059
189 , 720
2, 280
584
2 , 246
1 , 105
4 , 439
3 , 275
10 , 405
24 , 766
43 ,944
'12 , 0 39
1 , 051
4 , 369
13 , 070
6 147
184, 804
1 , 874
1 , 111
1 , 242
850
7 , 787
4 , 259
10 , 259
22 , 120
47 , 08 3
65 , 93 2
1 , 29 3
3 , 994
11 , 572
5 4 28
125 , 464
1 ,1 96
913
543
490
7 , 117
2 , 226
5 , 941
12 , 397
35 , 077
43,523
1, 511
3 , 621
7 , 458
3 451
55 , 014
47 9
506
1 93
255
3 , 333
746
2 , 280
4, 627
17 , 021
17 ,447
1 , 245
2,44 5
3, 055
1.382
9 , 045
58
41
95
198
71
78
392
1, 1 53
3, 020
1,193
49
549
1 , 723
425
38 , 311
378
211
6 35
62 5
6 16
617
2, 502
5,642
14 ,1 35
6 , 886
3 26
1, 947
2 ,472
1 31 9
105 , 592
1 , 025
535
1 , 367
802
4 , 4 39
3 , 226
10 ,405
14, 713
43 ,385
17 , 825
1 , 001
3 , 433
961
2 475
108 , 556
1 , 0 32
98 5
897
605
7 , 787
4 , 224
10 , 259
1 3 , 395
46 , 655
15 , 535
1 , 229
3 , 087
589
2 27 6
77 , 67 6
769
797
438
366
7 , ll7
2 , 192
5 , 941
8 , 081
34, 825
10 , 798
1 , 441
2 , 922
448
1 541
37 , 821
352
457
171
217
3 ,333
744
2, 280
3 ,3 57
16 , 932
5 , 5 29
1,199
2,068
371
811
18 , 216
88
3
199
73
9,111
76
1
115
42
33 , 379
4 95
14
487
174
84,12 8
1 , 255
49
879
303
76 ,248
84 2
126
345
245
47 ,7 88
427
116
105
124
17 ,193
1 2'7
49
22
38
2
1
10
49
35
34
874
115
7 , 880
5
350
7 ,4 80
1 ,147
740
70
4 , 657
4
158
2, 66 3
584
3 , 522
242
19,338
14
525
6 ,81 8
1,740
10, 053
559
54 , 214
50
936
12 ,109
3 , 672
8 , 724
428
50 , ~97
64
907
10,983
3 ,152
4 , 316
252
32 , 725
70
699
7 , 0 10
1, 910
CLASS OF USUAL OCCUPATION , AND SEX
TOTAL
TOTAL ............................
Professional and techni c al worke r s ••••••••••.••••.•••.•.••.•
Proprieto r s , manager s , and off icials ( except agri cul ture ) •••
Off i c e worke rs ••.•••••••••••.••••••••••••••••••••••••.•.••••
Salesmen and kindred worke r s ••••••••••••••••••••••••••.•••.•
Ski lled workers and f o r emen in building and construc tion ••••
Skilled worke r s and f o r emen in mfg . and other indust r ies ••••
Semi skille d worke rs i n building and const ruction ••••••••••••
Semiskilled workers in mfg . and othe r i ndust rie s ••••• • ••••••
Uns k ill e d laborers ( e xcept a griculture) •.....•...••.••...•••
Dom<>st i o and pers onal se rvi c e worker s ••.••..•••.•..•••..•.••
Farm. o pe rators •••.••.•••••••••••••••••.•••••••••••••••.•••••
Fa.rm. laborers •••••••••••••••••••••.••••••••••••••••••.••••••
Inexperience d persons ••••••••. • •••••••••••••.••••..••• ••.•••
70 8 , 7 8 2
7 , 028
3,489
6,125
4,294
23 , 472
11 , 364
32 , 282
79 , 252
168 , 234
24 5 ,9 23
5, 601
20 ,406
77,613
23 ,699
26 , 4 81
31
39
152
149
19
25
109
1 , 378
2 , 277
5 ,1 23
29
1 ,1 77
14 ,845
1 .128
37 , 453
161
69
417
406
90
127
394
2 , 907
5, 365
9,785
79
1 , 621
13 , 937
2 095
18 , 156
134
42
210
240
71
79
392
1 , 893
3 , 090
5,850
53
707
4 , 386
1 009
409 ,3 50
3 , 702
3 ,130
3 ,931
3 , 276
23 , 4 7 2
11, 231
3 2,2 82
4 9 ,415
166 ,405
60, 550
5,34 5
16 ,1 53
20,083
10 375
13,112
15
38
110
130
19
25
109
1, 040
2 , 203
87 9
26
876
7,062
580
19 , 237
73
66
218
333
90
125
394
2 , 0 33
5 , 250
1 , 905
74
1 , 271
6 ,4 57
948
299,432
3,326
359
2 , 194
1 , 018
13,369
16
1
42
19
Un:kllo'Wll occupation •••••••..••..••..•••••••.•.....•••.•.•• ••.
MALE •• • •••••••••••••••••• • ••• ••••
Profe ss ional and technical worke r s •• • ••••••• , ..•. ,,.,, .. , •.•
Proprietors , mane.gem, and officials (except agriculture), ..
Offic e wo r kers ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••
Salesmen and kind red worker s •••••••••••••••••••••• , •••••••••
Skilled worke r s and foremen in building and cons tru ct ion ••••
Skilled workers and f o r emen i n mfg. and other industri es ••••
Semiskilled worker s i n building and construction ••••••••••••
Semi s killed worke rs in mfg. and othe r industries ••••••••••••
Unskille d labore rs (except agriculture) .....................
Dome s t i c and personal serv'i.c e workers ••••.. , •..........•.•••
Farm. ope rat ors •••••••••••••••• , •• , •••••••.••••••••.••...•.••
Fal"'?D laborers •••••••••••••.•.•••••••••••••.••••••••• ••••••••
Inexperience d pers ons •.•••.•••••.••.•.••••••••••••••••••••••
Unlcnown occupation •.•.••••••.•••• •••••••••••• • • ••••••••••• • •
FEMALE ...........................
Profe ssional and technical workers •••••••••• , ••••••.•.••..••
Propr ietors , managers, and off i cials (except agriculture) ...
Office "orkers ••••••..•.•••••••••••.•• , •••••••••••••••• , •• • •
Salesmen and kindred workers ••••••••••..••.••••• , •• ,,,.•,••.
Skilled workers and foremen in building and construction••••
Skille d workers and foremen in mfg. and 11ther industrie•• •••
Semiskille d workers in building and construction••••••••••••
Semiskille d worker• in mfg. and other industries ••.•..••••• •
Unskilled laborers (exce pt agriculture) ................... ••
Domestic and personal servioe workers •.••••••••.••••••••••• •
Farm. o:perators •••••.•••••• ••.•••••••••••••••••••••••••.•••••
Farm laborers •••••••••••..•••• , •• , •••••••••••••••.••••••••••
Inexperienced persons •.•••••••••••••• .••••••••••• , , ••• , •••• •
Unk:n.o'WD. occuoation, ••.••.. •••••••••••••••..•••••••••••••••••
1 Fo r
-
133
29 ,837
1 ,8 29
185,373
256
4,2 53
5 7,530
13, 324
a_ual ifica tions o f t h ese s tati sti c s , see s tatement on p a ge 18.
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
-
338
74
4 , 244
3
30 1
7, 783
548
-
YEARS
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
2
-
1 , 270
89
11 , 918
46
377
2 ,684
571
17
CLASS OF OCCUPATION AND AGE
TABLE IO-WORKERS' ON RELIEF IN RURAL AREAS, BY CLASS OF USUAL OCCUPATION, AGE, AND SEX, FOR THE UNITED
STATES:·2 MARCH 1935
TOTAL
CLASS OF USUAL OCCUPATION, AND SEX
16 AND 17
YEARS
18 AND 19
YEARS
20
21 TO 24
YEARS
YEARS
26 TO 34
YEARS
36 TO 44
YEARS
45 TO 64
YEARS
66 TO 64
'YEARS
TOTAL ••••••••••••••••• •.,. ...... • 12 .:...
' 1_6_6 .:...•8_6_4 -4--_1_6_6 .:...,4_1_3---4--_1_8_1.:..,7,..,8~4--+_ _7_6.:..,4,_,l,..,.l--+- 2-6-=4.:..,9::-::3,-,:
6- + _6_0_,,3..;..,l::-::7c,:8- + _4_ 2--::8..;..,6=-:6::-::l--+-3 4--::9,_;.'.,,,47::-::1: -11--20...,5,...c'..,,.o,,..
10-:-Professionnl and technical worke r s ..........................
16,689
89
486
450
2 , 6 17
5 ,018
3 ,727
2,798
1,604
Proprietors , managers, and officials ( except agriculture) ...
12,540
32
76
56
413
1,941
3 ,609
3 ,863
2,560
0:f:fice worke rs ............. ;................................
27,796
603
2,204
1,389
4,797
8,057
6,794
3 , 603
1,649
Sale smen and kindred workers ................................
26,819
866
2 ,143
1,302
4 , 5 13
6, 189
5 , 574
4,014
2 , 228
Skilled workers and fo remen in building and construction....
114,037
124
532
473
4 , 305
23,993
32,781
32 ,048
19,781
Skilled workers and fo remen in mfg . and other industries .•••
53,708
171
637
531
3,833
15,177
16 , 221
11 , 444
5,694
Semiskilled workers in building and construction............
76,823
604
2,217
l,8ll
11 ,7 30
29 ,711
18 ,036
9 , 038
3,776
Semiskilled workers in mfg. and other indu st ries............
180,112
2,722
6 , 779
4,169
19 , 407
48,081
43,728
35 ,420
19 , 806
Unskilled laborers (except agriculture ) .....................
274,234
8,801
17,889
9 ,243
37,574
72 , 920
53,658
45 , 269
28 , 890
Dumestic and personal service workers .......................
ll6,848
8 , 759
13 , 529
5,954
16,133
21,888
20,759
18 , 286
10 , 541
Farm operators ..............................................
411,961
1,586
5,623
4,116
30,644
108,397
110 , 946
94 ,883
56 , 866
Farm laborers.,.............................................
416 , 904
41,508
61,675
21 , 738
72,561
96,304
59,719
45,237
28 ,16 2
Inexperienced persons .......................................
393,200
86,942
73,790
23 , 354
50,898
55 ,290
45,592
36,938
20,396
Unknown occupation•••••• , , •• , •• , •••••• • •. • • •••• • ... • • • • •• • • • , - ~
45"-'-=1=93"--t - -=-3'-"8-=l"-6-+-----"-4"'2'-"
0-=4-+---'-1=8=2..:..6-+-- ~
5 =6=1-=l-+-~1~0 =2=1=2- + -~ 8~5~1~7- - t - ~
6~ 7~4=1---i-~4-26~7-
=~;;::::'. ::'. ::::::::'. :::::::'. :
34
27
16 8
1 10
48
192
40
1 53
89 1
Prof es s ional and technical
1---'':......,
-'':....-=!-:-~-+--- - '"=~--=~=-!-+----"-:
' ~-=-~=-~-+--- - ::.,,'~::-::;= -:-+--c:-~C-::~::-::!"'~- + -- ..,,.~C-::!::-::~:o:
~- + -- ..,.~.:..:
- ..c.'
Proprietor_s , mana ge rs, and officials (except agriculture) ...
11,693
21
64
51
387
1 , 826
3 ,361
3 ,5 99
2 , 384
Office workers ..............................................
15,166
163
'522
377
1,835
4,529
3 ,795
2,632
1,313
Salesmen and kind r ed worke r s ........................ ;.......
18,873
548
1,312
758
2,902
4 ,3 24
4 , 083
3 , 114
1,832
Skilled v,c rke rs and foremen in building and const ruction....
114 , 037
124
532
473
4,305
23 , 993
32 ,781
32 ,048
19,781
Skilled worker s and fo r emen in mfg . and othe r industries ,...
53,199
160
619
520
3,782
15 , 055
16 , 068
11,339
6,656
Semiskilled workers in building and construction............
76 , 823
504
2,217
1,811
11,730
29 ,711
18 , 036
9,038
3 , 776
Semiskilled workers in mfg . and other industries ,...........
139 ,1 75
1 , 212
3 , 518
2,392
13,778
38 , 359
34,9 97
28 , 649
16,270
Unskilled laborers , (except agriculture) ,....................
271 ,5 93
8 , 606
17,596
9 ,104
37 ,177
72 , 326
63 , 190
44,899
28,696
Domestic and personal service workers.... .......... ..... ....
18 , 445
466
923
573
2 , 174
4 ,168
3,889
3,666
2 , 586
Farm operators ..............................................
405 , 003
1,523
5 , 473
4,038
30,269
107,344
108,878
92 , 763
54,715
Farm laborers ,..............................................
376 , 018
36 , 562
46,719
19,755
67 , 013
87,841
52 ,435
40 ,1 32
25 , 56 1
Inexper ien_c ed per sons ................................. . .....
93 , 708
37 ,194
28 , 799
7,557
12,524
3 , 741
1,383
1 , 253
1 , 257
Unknown occupation •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• •. ,__32~·~1_67_,__2~0_26_t--_ _
2 -. 2_9_8_ _ _
l ~0_6_
2 -+--3 ~7_3_6-+---7~9_0_
7 -+_ _
6.._6_1_
7_ _ _
5.._2_2_0---t_ _3.._3
_ 0_1_
:=-: : -: ;- -t--
~
="'.'-=~-.:,,..-l--,.
~=;:: ::::::::::::::::::::::::
~=!=;--- ;~~~!-
10
53
71
27
7
67 2
8
6
Profe ss i onal and technical
1---- !,..::--=
: ~!:=--1-----'':....~! ~=--t---- ' "=~,..,.;..,..
~ -+---- ''"=:=!..,..i-+-- -..,..~'"='~=:-=-!-+-.
- .,,.~-'-,:;=!-e--~- + - --:-;-'-,:~=;=;- + - -~~-'-'.
Pro prietors, managers , and officials (except agriculture ) ...
847
11
12
5
26
115
248
264
Office wo rke rs ..............................................
12,630
340
1 , 68 2
1 , 012
2,962
3,528
1,999
871
SaleS111en and kindred workers ••••• • •••• • •••••••••••••••••••••
7,946
308
831
544
1 , 611
1,865
1,491
900
Skille d wo r kers and fo r emen in building and construction ••••
Ski lled worke r s and fo remen in mfg . and othe r industries ••••
122
509
11
18
11
51
153
105
Semiskilled worke r s in building and construction ••••••••••••
Semiskill ed workers in mfg . and other industries ••••••••••••
40,937
1 , 510
3 , 261
1,777
9,722
5 , 629
8 , 731
6,771
Unskilled laborers ( except agriculture) • ••••••••••••••••••••
2 , 641
195
139
397
595
293
468
360
Domestic and personal service workers •••••••••••••••••••••• •
97 , 403
8,293
12,606
5 , 381
13,959
17,720
16,870
14 , 619
Farm operators ••• ••• • •••••• •••• ••••••••••• ••• •• •••• ••• • •••••
s;958
150
78
275
63
1,053
2 , 068
2,120
Farm. laborers •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••
40 , 886
4,956
1,983
5 , 548
8 , 463
4 , 946
7 , 284
5,105
Inexperience d pe r sons •••• •• ••••••••••••••••••• , •• • ••••••••••
299 , 492
15,797
49 , 748
44 , 991
38 , 374
51,549
44,209
35,685
Unkn.own occupation •••• ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••
13 026
1 790
1 906
763
1 875
2 305
1 , 900
1,521
1
2
;:c!~::-::~:--
36
- -=-•
166
236
396
38
3 ,536
194
7,966
1,151
2 , 601
19 ,139
966
Includes white, Negro, other , and unknown co lor or race.
For qualifications of these statistics, see statement on page 18.
TABLE 11-WHITE WORKERS ON RELIEF IN RURAL AREAS, BY CLASS OF USUAL OCCUPATION, AGE, AND SEX, FOR THE
UNITED STATES:' MARCH 1935
CLASS OF USUAL OCCUPATION , AND SEX
Professional and technical
TOTAL
1 6 AND 17
18 AND 19
20
YEARS
YEARS
YEARS
21 TO 24
YEARS
26 TO 34
YEA.~S
35 TO 44
YEARS
46 TO 64
YEARS
65 TO 64
YEARS
;~;!;;::::::::::::::::::::::::::
Proprietors , managers, and officials (except agriculture) ...
Office workers ..............................................
Salesmen and kindred worker s ........................ .... ....
Skilled workers and foremen in building and construction....
Skilled wo rkers and fo r emen in mfg . and othe r indu stries....
Semiskilled workers i n bu ilding and construction............
Semiskilled worke r a in mfg. and other industries ..... . ......
Unskilled laborers ( e xcept a griculture ) .....................
Dome stic and pe r sonal service workers .......................
Farm operators ..............................................
Farm laborers ...............................................
~~~:~i:::~!a{~::~~~::::c:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::
l-l- '-'-9~~ =:--':'"'
~-ic
~~i--1--..:cl..;..
36"-','-"6-i::
i:-+--=l:..:
5.:_
9 •,..:;:s,,,.3...-r-+--..:.
6.;..
7 '-':'~;-;::.,;.
~ -+__:2:..:3.,;.t,.;:•:;.;,;.,;.
~ --+----'4::.::.;4,;:
44 ~;.;:,.;;.~--+----'3:..:7.;;;L:!a;.;8;.;~-+-3::.:06
:.;2.t.,,~;.;~;.;5-4_;:.;
l 7:.;i..!.:;03:
,;;;::..._
12,203
27 ,310
26,228
110,138
51,807
72,472
167,682
235,244
82 , 809
376,044
336 , 389
29
489
824
118
164
47 5
2,437
7 , 451
6 , 986
1 , 359
33 ,256
74
2 ,16 3
2 , 090
505
612
2,098
6 , 316
15,496
11 , 113
4 , 887
42,728
54
1,365
1 , 282
450
508
1,739
3 ,840
8 ,157
4,740
3 , 693
18,212
400
4,703
4 ,416
4,148
3 ,702
11 ,1 71
17 ,991
32,911
12,004
27 , 941
61 ,180
1 , 899
7 , 937
6, 025
23 , 271
14 , 625
28 ,244
45 , 048
63,062
14,162
99 , 910
79,422
3 , 5 16
5 , 699
5,469
31 , 660
15,664
16,911
40 , 718
45,158
13, 591
101,866
46, 0 90
3 , 744
3,440
3 , 934
30,880
11,036
8 , 373
32 , 926
38 , 274
12 ,710
86,262
34 , 281
2 ,487
1,514
2 ,186
19,116
5,496
3,461
18,407
24 ,735
7 ,503
50 , 136
21 ,220
3;! •;;~
7;•~;~
6:,~~:
2i ' !;!
4! • ~~:
~•:::
3:,~:
3;,;!~
l~•~!i
t-----"-'-..C..C...-+---'-'--"-'--+--"--'-';.a..c_-+---"-'-=-"-~--=-"-'="--+----'-.L;;..;=--+--..:..,..=-4---="""'-'::.:....-+--...:;..L=="--
Profess iono.1 and technical :::~~~~: : : : : : '. '. '. '. '. : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : t-1~ 46
- ~,:-.o,-:::-=-!~::---t--78
~ 3-=
! -=-~ -+-_ _9_7._,i-=-~-=-:- + - -4_3._,i-=-i-=--i- + -1_7_2.._,;,.,,:-=-:-+-3_6-:-~"-,:c-,!c::-:--t-3_06-=-1~,
•~=-=;:-::!---i-2_ 4-=i~, !o
- 2,.,.;- --i-14_9.....,...
! ~,,.,~Proprietors, managers, and offic ial s (except agricu ltur e).. .
11 , 408
19
62
49
375
1,788
3,283
3,500
2 ,332
Office wo r kers .. . ...........................................
14 , 855
157
505
367
1 , 791
4 ,456
3 , 725
2,573
1,281
Salesmen and kindred workers .... . ...........................
18,432
52 3
1,274
743
2 , 830
4,207
4,004
3,053
1 , 798
Skilled worke rs and fore men in building and construction....
110 ,1 38
118
505
450
4 ,148
23,271
31,650
30,880
19,116
Skilled workers and fo remen in mfg . and othe r industries....
5 1, 307
153
594
497
3 , 661
14,505
15 , 614
10,933
5 ,46 0
Semiskilled workers in buil di ng and construction . . ..........
72,472
475
2,098
1,739
11,171
28 , 244
16,911
8 , 373
3,461
Semi skilled workers in mfg. and other industries............
129,202
1,045
3,218
2,166
12 , 660
35,912
32,534
26 , 586
15 , 081
Unskilled laborers (except agricul ture) ,....................
233 , 274
7 , 304
15,257
8 , 046
32 , 600
62 , 629
44,822
38 , 013
24,603
Domestic and pers011al service workers.......................
14, 261
315
695
433
1 , 642
3,173
3 ,042
2 , 891
2 , 070
Fa rm operators ..............................................
371 , 072
1,317
4 , 785
3,639
27,759
99 , 209
100,394
84,669
49,310
Fe.rm le.borers ,..............................................
317 , 448
30 ,7 38
40 ,147
17,163
58 ,473
75 , 473
42 , 897
32 ,228
20 , 329
Inexperienced persons .......................................
86 , 412
34 , 454
26,896
7,011
11,560
3 , 288
1,093
1, 031
1 ,089
Unknown occupation .......................................... 1------23.....,
7-=
49'---t---l"-'-"6..;..79
" --+---l'-'8-3_1-+----'8-"
0..;..
7 -+---"-2""8_9_4--+----'5"'"8""3_1-+---"4.,_5;;..;9_1--+----'3.,_7.;..;0:..;;_-+---"
0
2"'-"'
41;;.;6_
FE1'1ALE .......................... • t---=44.;;;,l:'-"'":'
46-::-6:-1----'58;;..,.'-"3-::2:'-2-+--..;_
6 .;;cl'-::9,':5-::-1-+---'-2.:..3":9:-:6-::-9- + - 6-=--l":O,:,l-::-2-+--'-8-::0"-:5:-::5-::2- + - -6-:-9.._6::--:5c=3--+--'5-::c6.._,l,;.,8""3--+_ _2;..;;9_.,,~
8 2e-::4:.Prof'e s s ione.l and technical worke rs..........................
8 , 959
59
342
310
1,750
2 , 915
1,908
1,182
493
Pro prietors, manage rs, and officials (except agriculture)...
795
10
12
5
25
111
233
2 44
165
Office workers ..... .... .....................................
12,455
332
1,658
998
2 , 9 12
3 , 481
1,974
867
233
Salesmen a.'ld kindred workers ................................
7 , 796
301
816
539
1 , 588
1,818
1,465
881
388
Skilled workers and foremen in building and construction ••••
18
11
51
120
Skilled worke rs and foremen in mfg. and other industries ••••
500
11
150
103
36
Semiskille d wo r kers in building and construction ••••••••••••
Semiskilled worker • in mfg. and other industries ., ••••••••• •
38 ,480
1, 392
3 , 098
1,674
5 , 331
9 ,136
8 ,184
6,339
3 , 326
147
1, 970
239
111
311
433
Unskillod le.borers (except agriculture) ....... ••••• ........ .
336
261
132
Do:mesti~ and personal se rvice workers •••••••••••••••••••••••
68 , 548
6 , 671
10 , 418
4 , 307
10 , 362
10 , 989
10 , 549
9 , 8 19
5 ,433
4,972
42
102
54
182
701
826
Farm operators •••••• • ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• ••
1 ,472
1 , 593
Fa.rm l aborers • • ••• • • • •••••••• • ••••••••••• • ••••••••••••••••••
18,941
2 , 518
2 , 581
1,049
2 ,707
3,949
3 ,193
2 ,053
891
Inex_I>erienced persone: • •••••••• • ••••••••••••• • •••••••••••••••
267 , 919
45 , 381
41,140
14 , 284
34, 32 2
45 , 181
38 ,752
31 , 694
17 ,165
627
Unknown occuuation • • ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••
10 13 1
1 458
1 527
1.471
1.718
1.437
1 147
746
1
For qualifica tions of these statistics , see s t atement on page 18.
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
WORKERS ON RELIEF-UNITED STATES
18
TABLE 12-NEGRO WORKERS ON RELIEF IN RURAL AREAS, BY CLASS OF USUAL OCCUPATION, AGE, AND SEX, FOR THE
UNITED STATES:' MARCH 1935
CLASS OF USUAL OCCUPATION , AND SEX
TOTAL
16 AND 17
YEARS
18 AND 19
20
YEARS
YEARS
21 TO 24
YEARS
25 TO 34
YEARS
35 TO 44
YEARS
45 TO 54
YEARS
55 TO 64
YEARS
TOTAL .. ·••••••••• •• • •• •••••••••••
197 ,574
15 , 926
16,544
6,851
23 ,102
42,409
39 , 428
32 , 854
20 , 460
Profeesional and technical worke rs ••• •• ••• , • , • , , , , , , , • , , , , , , t-------,,8"'8..,.4-+----=9-+-----,2=0- + - - - - ,2'""4-+---l'""l""
6--+---,,.,
Gl" '"l--+--.....,,.,
l9""9,--1---'-..-18""6,----1f---~ll~'9,,-Propr1e tors, managers, and offic ials ( except agricultu r e) ...
199
3
2
2
11
20
54
70
37
Office workers , ••••••••••••••••• , ••••••• ,...................
190
5
12
8
37
44
41
31
12
Sale smen and kindred worker s , ••••••••••••••••••••••••• , •••• ,
219
11
22
9
35
53
42
29
18
Skilled workers and foremen in building and const ruction....
2 , 438
3
20
17
75
394
691
766
472
Skilled worke rs and fo r emen in mfg. and other industrie s ....
1,266
5
17
16
89
356
361
284
138
Semiskilled workers in building and construction............
3 , 069
24
85
49
340
945
841
519
266
Semi skilled workers i n mfg . and othe r industrie s ............
8 , 947
220
318
239
1, 005
2 , 041
2 ,164
1, 87 4
1, 086
Unskilled la.bo rers (except a gri cu lture ) .....................
27 , 904
1 , 06 4
1, 688
741
3 , 229
6,781
6 , 056
5, 111
3 , 234
Domestic and personal servi ce worke r s .......................
30 , 342
1,548
2,079
1, 058
3 , 672
7,123
6 , 722
5 , 269
2,871
Farm opera.tors ,.............................................
28 ,135
206
605
338
2 , 025
6,442
7,032
6 ,816
4,671
Fa.rm opera.tors ., •••••••••••••••••••••••••• , ••••• , •••••••• ,.,
61 , 799
7 , 06 4
7 , 220
2 , 773
8 , 557
12,156
10,159
8 , 227
5 , 643
Inexpe r ienced pe r sons , ••••••••••••• ••••••••••·..............
29 , 627
5 ,441
4,171
1,476
3 , 604
5,268
4 , 618
3 , 360
1,6 89
Unknown occupation, ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• i - - - 2-~
, 5_5_5_ _ _ _3_2_3_ _ _ _2_8_5 _ _ _ _1_0_1-+_ _ _3_0_7--+_ _ _5_ 7_5--+_ _ _
448
_...,....___
31_ 2----tr--2 _0 4_
11ALE .••••••••••••••••••••••••••••
119,720
8 , 621
9 ,350
3 , 806
13,722
25 , 504
23 , 582
20,984
14 , 151
Profess i onal and technica l worker s •••••••••••••• , ••••••••••• f----'-3-8-0 - + - - - ' - - 3-+---'--2- + - - - ' - - 8--+--..:.......,3~0-+--..:.......,5~9-+---=-,7=3,--1----'-,,ll~5,----1f----'-=
9 1Prop r iet or s , managers , and officials ( except agricultur e) ...
160
2
2
2
11
17
40
58
28
Office wo r ke rs, •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• ,
136
4
7
22
26
31
29
12
Salesmen and kindr ed workers ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• ,
171
8
21
9
32
37
32
20
12
Skilled worke rs and foremen i n build ing and c onstruct ion....
2 ,438
3
20
17
75
394
69 1
766
472
Skilled worke r s and foremen in mfg . and other industries ....
1,261
5
17
16
89
354
360
283
137
Semi skil l ed wo r kers in build i ng and construction..... .... ...
3 , 069
24
85
49
340
945
841
519
266
Semi skilled wo r ke r s in mfg . and othe r industrie s ............
7 , 166
138
219
178
810
1,593
1,742
1 , 558
928
Un skil l ed la.bo r e r s (except agr iculture) ,.... . ...............
27 , 278
1,019
1 , 645
716
3 ,149
6 , 6 27
5,932
5 , 015
3 , 175
Domestic and personal service workers •• ••••••••.••••••••••• ,
3 , 758
142
211
131
470
8 92
746
701
465
Fa.rm ope r a.to r s , ••••••••••••••••••••• •••••••••·•·•·••··......
26 , 26 7
186
557
317
1,941
6,110
6,474
6,316
4 , 366
Fa.rm la.bor ers,..............................................
41,097
4,825
5 , 078
1,929
5 , 974
7 , 852
6 , 216
5,268
3 , 955
Inexperienced persons ••••••••••••·••••••••••••••••••••••••••
4 , 993
2 ,105
1, 355
378
608
216
120
125
86
28_4_ _ _ _
21_1----tr--1 _5 8_
Unknown occupation, ••••••••••••••••••••• , ••••••••• , ••••••••• i - - - 1-~5_46_ _ _ _1_5_7 _ _ _ _1_3_1 _ _ _ _5_1 _ _ _ _1_7_1_ _ _ _3_ 8_3_ _ _ _
!!~~!;:::: ::::::::::::::::::::::
=
~~=!--t-- -•,,..,~:6=
7 1
3 0
9 3
16
77
7 30
Professio nal and technical
1 - - -- •~
!=~-: - + - - --'- =! - + - - --'-=~-=-!-+---'~~-=!- + - --' ....,:=~-+-- - -'
Pro pr ietors , manage rs, and official s ( exce pt a.g ri cul ture) ...
39
1
3
Office worke rs , ......................... , .................. ,
54
1
15
18
Sale smen and kindred workers ................................
48
3
3
16
Skilled workers and foremen in bui l din g and constr uction ••••
Ski lled workers and foremen in mfg . and other indu st r ies ••.•
Semi skilled workers in building and construction, •••••• , •• ••
Semiski lled workers in mfg . and other industr ies ••••••••• , ••
82
99
61
195
448
1,781
25
80
154
Un ski lled la.bore r s ( except a.gric ul ture) , ••••••••••••••••••••
626
45
43
927
3 ,2 02
6 , 231
Domestic and personal se r vice worke rs •••••••••••••••••••••••
26 , 584
1, 406
1,868
332
20
21
84
Farm operat ors •••• •• •••••••••••••••••••••• • •••••••••••••••••
1, 86 8
48
844
2 , 583
4 , 304
Farin laborers •••••••••••• • ••••••••••••••.•••••••••••••••••••
20 ,702
2,239
2 ,142
5 , 052
24 , 634
2 , 816
1 , 098
2,996
Inexpe rienced persons •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••
3 ,336
136
192
166
154
50
Unk:Ilown. oc cupat ion ••••••••••••••••••••••• • , •••••••••••••••••
1. 009
15
-
11 8
5 3
6- - t - -- - ' __,;=~----tf---- •14
12
9
10
2
10
422
124
5,976
558
3,943
4 , 498
16 4
=
~!,,--
316
96
4,568
500
2 , 959
3 ,235
101
158
59
2 ,406
305
1 , 688
1,603
46
1
Fo r qualifications of these statistic s, see statement below .
Qua lifications of Summary Statistics for the United States
The statistics for the United States are
based on a complete census of workers and economic heads of families on relief in all States and
the District of Columbia, except that data for
New York City and for Cook County, Illinois (including Chicago) are based on a 10 per cent and
a 20 per cent random sample, respectively, of relief households with workers.
In compiling the summary statistics for the
United States, the data for New York State (excluding New York City); Los Angeles County, ~alifornia; and Philadelphia County, ·Pennsylvania,
have been adjusted from May 1935 to March 1935 on
the basis of the relief case loads ( including
cases without workers) for the two dates. Data
for New Jersey have been adjusted from April 1935
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
to March 1935 on the same basis. Data for Illinois are for February 1935 and the data for New
York City are for May 1935.
The statistics for
these two areas have not been adjusted because
in each instance the relief case load for the
month of the census differed from the relief case
load for March 1935 by l e ss than one per cent.
Data for Missouri include estimates of workers who, because of the transitional character of
the Emergency Relief Administration's files in
St. Louis, were not included in the original field
report for that city. Data for Delaware are for
New Castle County only, the only one of the three
counties in the State which pa rticipated in the
general relief program of the Federal Relief Administration in March 1935.
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
TABLES
United States Summary
Economic Heads of Families on Relief
20
WORKERS ON RELIEF-UNITED STATES
TABLE 13-ECONOMIC HEADS' OF FAMILIES ON RELIEF, BY USUAL OCCUPATION, COLOR, AND SEX, FOR THE UNITED
STATES~MARCH 1935
TOTA2
WHITE
NEGRO
USUAL OCCUPATION
TOTAL
TOTAL ••••••••• •••••• , ........ 4,158,477
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
16
16
17
18
19
20
11ALE
FEW.LE
3 , 606,740
551,737
TOTAL
3 ,408,721
11ALE
FEW.LE
TOTAL
3 , 030 , 548
378 ,173
602 , 284
PROFESSIONAL AND TECHNICAL WORKERS. , • • • , , , • , •• , • , •• , ••• , i - - 61;:-'-:::7-::-43;:--t---4:3 '-::5:::-8::-0-+_-"l-'-8.._,l:-::6 3-+_...::574 LC8:-c0-::c
3- + ---=3-=-8-'--'9:-c9'c-5-+---=1=5-'-,8:::.;0:..::c8-+----=5_,_8::...4:..:7--+_
7
Aotors..................................... ............. ••
2 , 895
1,956
939
2,497
1 , 678
819
346
Architects ••••••••••••••••• , •• ,.,,,, •• , ••••••••• , •• ,......
604
597
7
591
584
7
5
Artists, s culptor s , and teache rs of art ......... .... ......
2 , 377
1,898
479
2 ,278
1,824
454
70
Chemist s , assayers , and metallurgists .....................
714
702
12
670
659
11
25
Clergymen and religious workers...........................
2 , 623
2 , 52 4
99
1,584
1,515
69
1,000
De signers.................................................
754
550
204
730
533
197
17
Drai'tsme n ••••• ••••... •• • • • ... •• • •• • • • • • ••• • • ••• • • • • • • • • • • •
4 , 05 3
4,031
22
3 ,961
3 , 939
22
31
Enginee rs (te chnical).....................................
5 , 993
5 , 985
8
5 , 913
5 , 905
8
34
Lawyers, jud ge s , and justices... ........ . ............. ....
729
715
14
683
670
13
42
Librarians and librarians' ass istants •••• ,. ...............
598
98
500
566
94
47 2
26
Musioians and teachers of musio. ..........................
12 , 062
9,824
2 , 238
10,178
8 , 225
1,953
1, 447
Nurses (trninod or registered).. .... . .............. .. ... . .
3 ,943
2 44
3,699
3 , 651
238
3 ,413
259
Physicians, surgeons, and dentis"ts ........................
587
565
22
5 18
500
18
58
Playground and recreational workers. .... .... .. . . ... ...... .
1,718
1, 215
503
1,471
1,043
428
226
Reporters, editors, and journali s t s ••..•••••••••••••••• , ..
1,168
961
207
1, 127
922
205
23
Teach,:,:rs ............................ . .... ... ...... . .. .... . .
College instructors and professo rs, •••••••• .• ••••••.••••
Primary and secondary school, and t eache r s (n. e . c. )~ •••
11,704
234
11,470
3 , 954
181
3 , 773
7 , 750
53
7,697
9 , 896
210
9,686
3 ,495
161
3 ,334
6 , 401
49
6 ,352
1,597
20
1,677
FEl'IALE
11ALE
449 , 932
152,352
____.::3:..,_,::...
,66"-'5'-----l_
240
5
48
25
970
13
31
34
41
4
1 ,186
3
56
154
21
__:2~1::...82::..._
106
22
30
4
1
22
26 1
256
2
72
414
16
398
1,279
1, 283
4
21
Other profe ssional workers •••• • ••••••••..••.• , •••••• •• ••.•
2 , 460
1, 636
8 24
2 , 290
1,559
731
118
38
80
22
23
24
25
Othe r semiprofessiona l worke rs...... .......... ......... ...
Abstr acter s , n o taries , and jus t i ces of peace•••••.••• ,.•
Technicians and laboratory as s istant s ... . ............. ..
Semiprofessional worke r s (n. e .c. ) ............ . ..........
6,76 1
148
1,021
5 , 592
6 , 125
128
8 71
5 ,1 26
636
20
150
466
6 ,1 99
145
935
5 ,119
5 , 612
125
790
4 ,6 97
587
20
145
422
423
2
62
359
382
2
60
320
41
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
PROPRIETORS, MANAGERS, AND OFFICIALS- (EXCEPT AGRI C. ) •••• l------'-72::.....::6..=.13=--t------=6.::..
9 a..::6c:.9.::..
6 -+---=-2 ..__,9:..::lc:.7-+----"6"'8.._46
=-::.
9-+_...::6:.::c
5.,.;8e.::5:.::c6-+----=2-"6"-'l:.:::3--+_-----"3:..z.::.
27:...::6--+----'=3'-'-"'00::..:6'-----l----=2 _,70"-__,
Building contractors.. ....................... . ............
8 , 706
8,698
8 , 343
8 , 335
292
292
Foresters, forest rangers . and timber cruisers. ......... ..
520
520
508
508
3
3
Hucksters, pedd lors, and junk and rag de ale rs.............
54
10 , 591
10,442
149
8 , 848
8 , 753
95
1,5 40
1,486
Trucking, transfer and cab companies, and garages... ......
2,344
2 , 329
15
2 , 165
2,150
15
160
160
Retail deale rs and managers (n.e.c.)......................
21 , 958
20 , 994
964
21 , 262
20 , 35 4
908
441
402
39
Other proprietors, managers, and officials ........... ... ..
28 ,49 4
26,71 3
1,781
27 , 343
25 , 756
1,587
840
663
177
33
OFFICE WORKERS •• • •••••••••.••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• t---=1=45~3..:.08"'--,t---=l=0=2 ~5=0~6-+---=4=2"-"8'--"0=2-+----'l'-"3--"8...,8:..::0..:.8-+--=9'-'-7-'--'8:..::3..:.8--1-_---'4'-"
0_..9"-'7--=0-+----'4c.t.7.:.c7:..::5----1-_---'3:.....,:;39"-'3'-----1----'l'--'.--"'38"-'2"Bookkeeper s , aoc ountant s , and a uditors •••••.••.•••••••..••19,185
14,928
4,257
18 , 8 41
14, 677
4 , 164
141
81
60
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
1!:!!~
it;;~
39
43
44
~~=~~=r(n::~::r. .:~ . ~~~'.: :::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::
Messenge r s and office boys .... .. .... . ........... ..... .....
Office machine operat ors ... ... ...... . ... .. ... ........ .....
Office managers and bank tellers •••••••••• · • ··•····••••··•
Stenog ra phers, ste notypists , and dictophone operators.....
Te legre.ph and radio operator s ........................ • • • • •
Te lephone operator s .......................................
Typists ••••••••• ••·•••••••• .. •···•··•••••·•••••••••••••··.
other clerioal o.nd allied workers. ........................
46
46
47
48
49
50
51
S.AIBSMEN M'D KINDRED WORKERS'........................... •1---elc:::.2"--3,._,48=.
0 -+-:..::9-"-8.__,8'-"8-=-l-+--"2""4.,__,5'--"9"'-9-+--'l"--'l'-"
8-'-'2"-'8'-"2-+_
Canvass ers (solicitors,
4,481
3 , 682
799
4,333
Commercial travele r s ...... ... ........ ··•••••·••·•••••••···
5 ,347
5,258
89
5 ,279
1 ,284
1,267
17
1 , 108
l1ews boys •••••••••••••••••• • • .. • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • . . • • • • • • • •
Real e state agents and insurance e.;;ents •••.•••••••••••••.•
12 ,473
ll,467
1, 006
11 , 797
70 , 68 4
Salesmen and sa leswomen (retail stores) •• • ••••••••••••••••
49, 803
20 , 881
67,699
29 , 2ll
27 , 404
1,807
Other soles persons and kindred worke r s •••••••••••••••••••
28 , 066
62
53
62
63
64
66
66
67
68
69
70
71
SKI LI.ED WORKERS AND FOREMEN IN BLDG. AND CONSTRUCTION •• • t---=46
0-::-9-+----+--4::,3:.:::-2...,5::..::6' -c:-7-+_4.o,;3:..:2.,.;5::..::6:.;,7-+----+---'2"--'4~ 81;.;3:......+----'2"-'4'--'--"81
; ,3 ~ 1 - - - - - 7 -4:'--";:570;..9-+--'4':'6-?-4.L'5:':'
Blacksmiths...............................................
14,918
14, 918
14, 062
14,062
572
572
Boilermakers..............................................
6 ,183
6 , 183
5 , 879
5 ,879
167
167
Bricklaye r s and stonemas ons ...............................
32 ,ll6
32 ,ll6
28 ,79 3
28,793
2 ,495
2 , 495
Carpente rs....... .. ............. . ......... .... ............
127 , 888
127 , 888
121 , 69 1
121,691
4 ,486
4,486
Cement finishers.... ... .... .......................... . ....
20 , 960
20 , 960
15, 707
15,707
4,558
4 , 558
Elect ricians ......... •••••••••••••••••·•••••••••·•••·••••·
20 ,768
20 , 768
20,365
20,365
216
216
Foremen: oonstruction (except roa<l l.... ••••• ••• • .... •• • • • •
11,415
11,415
10,978
10 , 978
321
321
Foremen: road and s treet construction.....................
8 , 029
8 , 029
7 , 814
7 , 814
108
108
Operators or engine ers : stat 'y and port. constr. e quip 't..
30,524
30 , 524
28 , 631
28 , 631
1 , 503
1 , 503
Painte·rs {not in factory).. ......... .. ....... . ... . ........
103 ,771
10 3,771
97,566
97 , 566
4,82 7
4 , 827
Pe.per hangers •••• ·•••···••••·.............................
3 , 447
3,447
2 , 993
2 ,993
413
413
Plaste r e rs ................................................
17, 100
17,"100
14, 013
14 , 0 13
2,739
2 , 739
Plumbers, gas and s team fitters...........................
31,320
31,320
30,142
30,142
76 2
762
Roofers ...................................................
7,107
7,107
6,619
6 ,619
394
394
31
She et metal workers.......................................
2 , 964
2 ,954
2 , 895
2 ,895
31
75
Stonecutter s and carvers ............. •··••••••·•·.........
3 ,576
3 , 576
3 ,45 5
3 ,455
75
155
Structur al iron and steel workers.........................
9,075
9,075
8,77 2
8,772
155
181
Sette rs: l!ID.rble, stone , and tile..................... .. ...
3,893
3 , 8 93
3 , 661
3,661
181
810
othe r skilled workers in building and construction.... ....
9 ,465
9,465
8,531
8,531
810
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
Bl
82
83
84
85
86
87
SKILLED WORKERS AND FOREHEN HI !1FG . c!: OTI!ER I}{D[ STRIES •. 1--...::2:..:2.::.
2 ._,6'-"5-"-3-4-__,2,..,2:,e_
O.a.,9:..a:lc:::.
3-+-_-----"-l.._7:....,40=--1-----'2"-'o'--'-7.L. 7,.,8'-"0----1--"-'206e.:,-'-'-=-'
.13:..::9-+-----"l,...,,_64~1'--l_ _"l -'l'--'-"8 2,,_,5'---l_
Cabinetmakers .............. .. .......... .............. ... ..
6 , 378
6,378
6,199
6 ,19 9
92
Cobblers a.nd shoe repairmen •••••• ,........................
6 ,522
6,481
31
5 , 8 24
5 , 795
29
508
Conductors: BteBDI and street railroad s , o.nd buse s .........
3,345
3 , 338
3 , 316
3 ,309
7
9
Foremen (in f&ctories)...................... ....... ••••• . •
13,053
12,434
6 19
12,586
11 ,990
5 96
365
Foremen and inllpeotors (exoopt in factor ies}, ........... . .
15,948
15 , 590
358
15,144
14 , 800
344
547
Looomotive engineers and firemen..........................
12 ,909
12,909
12,082
12,082
735
Machinists, millwrights, and toolmakers...................
33,947
33,947
33,024
33,024
535
l".echanics (n.e.c.)........................................
60,713
60 , 713
56 ,17 1
56 ,171
3 , 650
Holders , f ounder s, and casters (me tal)....................
16, 130
16 ,1 30
13 , 600
13 ,6 00
2 , 268
Se.Y,yers..... ................ . ................ . ............
8 ,801
8,80 1
7 , 86G
7,866
820
Skilled workers in printing and engraving... . .............
8 , 995
8 , 805
190
8 , 701
8 ,518
183
151
Tailors and furriers ......................... ••···••••••·•
5 ,817
5 , 474
343
5,112
4 , 8 10
302
5 '10
Tins:niths and coppersmiths. ................... ........ ....
5 ,7 34
5 , 734
5 , 5 44
5 , 544
103
Metal workers ( exoept gold and silver) (n.e.e. ) •... ·••••·•
6 , 685
6,684
5 , 920
5 , 919
1
6 90
Skilledworkersinnu'g.andotherindustries(n . e .c. ) •• • .•
17 , 6 76
17,485
191
16,691
16 , 512
179
773
88
SEHISKI LIED WORKERS IN BUILDING AND CONSTRUCTION •• •• ••• •t----=2:..:.7.:..7i.::3c.::.5.:o..l--f--"2:..:.7.:..7.._,3:.:::5-"-l-+----+--'2::.::3::..:RJ.·-'17_,,4-+--'2::.::3
--'
:,,8_..4:,_,7c.;4-+--- - + - -- ~,l,__27 ~l __
Apprentices in building and c onstruction •••• •• ••• ••••• ,...
986
986
881
881
59
As phalt workers .• , .......................... .. ......... •••
1,134
~,1 34
371
371
69g
Blasters (except in miDes)..... ............. ... .... .... ...
2 , 329
2 , 329
2,128
2,128
12 9
54
Caisson workers •••• •• •• ,.••••.............................
293
293
236
236
166
Calkers ••• •••••••,. ••• .................... ••••, .•.••• , . . .•
854
85 4
673
673
-., 639
Firemen (except loclllllloti..e and fire department) ...........!
24,47 2
24,472
19 , 498
19,498
54
55
56
57
58
69
60
61
89
90
91
92
93
94
4,354
1,253
2,6EO
12,575
2 , 909
4,972
6 ,899
7,733
any)..............................
1
Includes e c onomic head s 16 through 64 years of age.
2
For qualificat ions of these statistics, see stateme nt on page 18.
3Includes white, Negro, other, and unknown col or or race.
' Not elsewhere ole.ssified.
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
6~ '. ~~;
4,251
628
2 , 393
1,488
2 ,726
5 10
1 , 207
7,405
1;:!!~
103
625
257
ll,087
183
4,462
5,692
328
7;: ~;!
3,777
1,223
2 , 622
12 ,108
2,8 69
4,853
6 , 533
7,391
62 ,::;
3 ,7 09
61 4
2 , 366
1,436
2 ,6 89
466
1,135
7 , 081
___.,9c:,4c.:6:C-'7:..::9--+_
3 , 580
5 ,198
1 , 093
10 , 868
47 , 566
26, 374
68
609
256
10 , 6 72
180
4,387
5 ,398
310
3 ,l~i
483
19
8
306
6
69
261
247
2 , 4~:
450
10
8
28
5
40
41
233
7g;
33
278
1
29
220
14
_,2:.,:3CL6::...0<-"3'.......+----'=3:.=25,,__,l'--------l---!2,__,..,,_6_,__,72~1---~5--'---79"-753
103
62
41
81
28
21
7
15
149
147
2
929
560
491
69
20 ,1 33
1,648
1 , 263
3C5
1 , 692
763
688
75
_..:..,ll"--'--!.
7"-'
50"------1--- ---''5
-'.,___
92
506
9
15
350
10
5 37
735
535
3 , G50
2 , 268
820
s
148
33
G37
103
699
12
7Gl
-----~~~ 2·19
f9
C99
129
54
166
4 , 639
j _ __ __
21
ECONOMIC HEADS-OCCUPATION
TABLE 13-ECONOMIC HEADS OF FAMILIES ON RELIEF, BY USUAL OCCUPATION, COLOR, AND SEX, FOR THE UNITED
STATES: MARCH 1935-Continued
TOTAL
WHITE
NEGRO
USUAL OCCUPATION
TOTAL
HALE
15,072
2 , 770
2,110
181,370
8 , 096
37,865
15,072
2 ,770
2,110
181 ,370
8 , 096
37 , 865
FfflALE
TOTAL
MALE
12 , 849
2 ,14 8
2 , 036
158 , 845
7 , 723
31, 086
12 , 84 9
2,148
2 , 036
158 , 845
7 , 723
3 1 , 086
FfflALE
FfflALE
TOTAL
HALE
~, 819
524
44
19 , 063
264
5 , 819
1 , 819
524
44
19 , 063
264
5 , 819
95
96
97
98
99
100
SE!'!ISKILLED WORKERS IN BLDG. AND CONSTRUCTION - Cont.
Operators of building and construct ion equipment .•• •• ••••
Pipelayers ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• •• ••••
Rodman and chainmen (surveying) ••• • •••• •• ••••••••••••••••
Tru ck and tract or d r i vers ............................... .
Welders •........•..•........ . .. . .......................••
Other sem:.skilled workers in building and construction •••
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
SEMTSKILLED WORKERS IN MFG. AND OTIIER INDUSTRIES .•. •• , • i---~6-c44~. ·~6-cc
Ol"---_.~5.,,..
4~
0 ~5~7~3 - + ~1=04
~•-. 0""2~8 - + ~5~6~3 _7~3~8- + _4~7-cc
9 _8""6~4 - + - ~8~3~ 8,....7~4---+-~6~7~ 4~4,....5--t_ _5~0~-·=
Ol,....8--t--1~7~·~
42,....7_
Bakers ••••••••••• •••••·• · .......... ••••···•·•••···· •• ·•••
10 , 432
10,101
331
9,640
9 , 376
264
490
42 7
63
Brakemen (railroad)................. .. .............. .. ...
9,477
9,477
9,082
9,082
311
311
Deliverymen .................. . ...................... •••••
23 , 175
23 ,175
19 ,1 61
19 ,161
3 , 617
3,617
Dresmnakers and milliners................................
28 ,979
4 76
28 ,503
24 , 459
415
24,044
3 , 509
43
3,466
Filers, gr inders , buffe rs, and polishers ( metal).........
12 , 481
12 , 389
92
11,556
11,473
83
808
800
8
Furnacmnen. heaters, smeltermen, etc . (metal working). ...
5 , 5 31
5 , 531
4 , 090
4 , 090
1 , 300
1 ,3 00
Guards, watchmen, and doorkeepers (except rail r oad) . . ....
11 , 515
11 , 504
11
10, 4 19
10 , 411
8
957
954
3
Handicra ft workers: t e xtile, wood, leather, metal, etc ...
5 35
323
21 2
445
270
175
39
22
17
Inside workers: mines ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• •••..
94,636
94 , 636
86 , 64 9
86 , 649
5 , 425
5, 42 5
111
112
113
114
Operatives (n.e . c . ) in mfg. and allied industries ••••••••
Chemical and allied i ndustries •••••••• • ••••••••••••••••
Cigar, cigarette, and tob aooo factoriee ••••••••••••••••
Clay, glass, and stone industries .......... . ..... .. ... .
~40,315
7,154
8,2 20
13 , 537
268 , 110
6 , 09 9
4 , 544
1 2 , 9 61
72 , 20 5
1, 055
3 , 676
57 6
296 , 62 2
5, 943
5, 134
11,496
239 , 492
4 , 997
3 , 258
10, 995
57 ,1 30
946
1 , 876
501
37 , 3 76
1 , 112
2 , 994
1,3 55
23 , 906
1,028
1,229
1 , 288
13, 4 70
84
1 , 765
67
115
116
117
118
Clothing industries •••••••••••••••••••••.•• •• ••••••••••
Shirt, collar and cuff fa ctories •••••••••••••••••••••
Suit, coat, and dress f a ctories ••••••••••••••••••••••
Clothing industr ies (n .e. c.) ........................ .
32,104
2 , 509
14 , 628
14, 967
14 , 779
773
7 , 207
6 ,7 99
17 ,3 25
1,7 36
7 , 421
8 ,168
27 , 419
2 , 358
11,755
13 , 306
13,446
758
6 , 455
6 , 23 3
13 , 9 73
1, 600
5 , 300
7 , 07 3
3 , 983
118
2 , 573
1 , 292
1 , 140
2 ,843
109
1,90 3
831
9
670
461
119
Electric light and powe r pi,ant s ••••••••••••••••••••••••
991
978
13
963
950
13
18
18
120
121
122
123
Food and beverago industries .......................... .
Bakeries ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••.••
Slaughter and meat packing houses ••••• •••• •• •• •••••••
Food and beverage indust r ie s (n.e.c. ) ••••••••••••••••
28,799
2 , 670
7 , 566
18 , 563
19 , 993
1 , 969
6 , 276
ll , 748
8 , 806
701
1,290
6 , 815
23, 031
2 , 370
5 , 453
15 , 208
16 , 22 7
1 , 713
4 , 470
10, 044
6, 804
65 7
983
5, 164
4 , 618
240
1 , 812
2 , 56 6
3 , 015
208
1, 54 2
1 , 265
1, 603
32
270
1 , 301
124
125
126
127
128
129
Iron and steel, machinery , and vehicle i ndustrie s •.••••
Automobile factories ...... ·•••••••••••••••••. • ••••••••
Automobill:l repair shops ••••••.•• • ••••••••••••••••••••
Bl a st furnaces and steel roll ing mills •••••••••••••••
Car and railroad shops •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••
I ron and steel, machinery, cl: vehicle ind's (n . e .c. ) ••
75,793
21,025
1,490
9 , 715
10, 301
33 , 262
74 ,116
20.42 5
1,188
9 , 602
10, 281
3 2 ,320
1 ,677
600
2
113
20
942
68 , 824
19,994
1, 249
7, 875
9 , 618
30, 08 8
67 , 257
19 , 424
1,247
7,76 5
9,599
29 , 222
1, 567
570
5, 919
815
207
1,712
536
2 , 649
96
25
110
19
866
6 , 015
840
20 7
1 , 714
537
2 ,717
1
68
150
131
152
153
134
Laundries and dry cle,ming establishments ••••.•••••••••
Lumber and furniture industries •• • ••••••••••••••••• , • • •
Metd i ndus t ries (except iron and ste el ) •••• • •• • •••••• •
Paper, printing, and all ied industries ••• • •••••• •••••• •
Shoe factor i es •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••
20 , 704
27 , 325
10 , 721
13 ,045
13,672
9 , 087
26 , 46 6
9 , 570
10,643
11,468
11 , 617
859
1,151
2 , 402
2 , 204
11, 447
24 , 402
9 , 902
12 , 282
13,436
5 ,598
23 , 663
8 , 848
10 , 037
11, 263
5 , 849
739
1, 054
2 , 24 5
2, 173
8 , 63 2
2 , 516
59 1
617
116
3 , 174
2 , 408
525
482
97
5 , 458
108
66
135
19
136
136
137
138
Textile i ndustries •••••••• • •••••••••••••••••••••••••• .,
Cotton mills ••••• •• •• •••• •• •••••• • • •• ••• ••••••• • ••• ••
Woolen and wors ted mills • • ••••••••••••••••••••••• • •••
Textile i n dustries (n.e. c . ) ••••••••• .. • ••• ••• •••• ••••
48 ,1 27
18 , 370
5 , 492
24 , 265
33, 956
13 , 331
4 , 119
16 , 506
14,171
5 , 039
1 , 3 73
7 , 759
46 , 317
17, 874
5 , 367
23 , 076
32 , 798
12 , 922
4 , 036
15 , 840
13 , 519
4 , 952
1,331
7, 236
1,3 8'7
419
62
906
852
349
31
472
535
70
31
4 34
2
139
Misc. and not spe cified manufacturing ind\lstrieo •••••••
40 , 123
33 , 450
6 , 673
36,026
30, 155
5, 871
3 , 422
2 , 731
691
140
141
142
143
Painters , varnishers, ename lers, e tc . (factory } •• ····••••
Switchmen, flagmen, and yardmen ( railroad) •••••••••••••••
Taxic ab d ri ve r s , bu s drive rs, and chauffeurs •••••••••••••
Other s emiskilled workers i n mfg. and other industries •••
12, 252
6 , 9 65
24,988
63 , 300
12 , 0 17
6 , 985
24 , 896
60 , 953
235
11 , 330
6 , 460
18 , 646
55 , 179
11,135
6,460
18 , 560
53 , 290
195
6 74
431
6 , 036
6 , 472
636
431
6 , 030
6 , 116
38
144
145
146
147
148
149
lfN SK I LI.ED LABORERS {EXCEPT IN AGRICULTURE) ••••.•••••••• _ _7_4 7~ 1_2 7_ - -7~4 ~
3 ~3=1=1-+-- ~
3 _8=1~
6 -+-~5-3~8~9-0~9 - ~5~3~6- 44
~ 3- + - ~
2- 4~6=6-t-_1~7~5~ 6~9~6---+-=l 7""'4.._4= 2~4---+-~1"'"""
2 7'--'2'-Labore r s in manufactur ing and flllied industries. .... .... .
166, 12 7
163 , 662
2 ,46 5
118,384
116 ,610
1 , 774
43 , 01 8
42 , 371
647
Clay. glass, and stone industrie s . .. ... . .... . ........ ..
17 , 56 5
17, 465
100
13 , 379
13 ,309
70
3 , 561
3 , 531
30
Ir on and steel, machinery , and vehicle i ndustrie s ... . ..
52,610
52 ,667
143
37 , 431
37,31 5
116
14 , 135
14 ,111
24
Lumber and f ur nibre industries...... ....... . ..........
25 , 330
25 , 174
156
17 , 874
17,769
105
7 , 050
7, 001
49
Other manufac t uring and all i e d industries ... ... ........
70 , 422
68 , 356
2,066
49 , 700
48 , 217
1 ,48 3
18 , 272
17 , 728
544
150
151
1 52
153
154
155
156
157
158
159
160
161
Laborers e xce pt in l!'_fg. and all ied indust ries .. • • . •• •••••
Mines, quarries , and o i l flild gas we ll s ••.•••••••.•.••••
Odd jobs (general ) ............. . ............ .. .. .. .... .
Rail r oads (ste run and street) •• •••••••••••••••••••••••••
Roads , st r eets, and sewe rs ... ...•.••..... .... ... ...••• •
Sto r es ( i ncludi n g port,. rs in stores) •• • • ••••••.•.••••••
Laborers and he lpers ( n . e. c , ) i n bldg . and const •••••••
Longshoremen and ste·,e clores .......... .... . ............ .
Lumberm.'31:n , raftsmen, a..Y'ld woodcho ppe r s ..•..••. .... •. ••••
Street cle ane rs, garbage men , a..rid scawr,&ers . . ........ .
Team ste r s tmd rl raymen ••• ••••••.• • • ••••••••••. • •...•••••
Othe r laborers , except mf1; . and allied i nd ' s (n . e . c . ) ••
16 2
l63
164
166
166
167
168
169
170
171
172
173
174
175
D011ESTI C AND l'ERSONAL SERVI CE WORKERS • • ••••••••.•••••• •i--~3_40
~ 9~G~
O-+-~1~4_7 ~0~0~4 - + ~1=9~3~9~7~6-+~1~7~6~1=3~9- + - -8~6- l=l= l-t--~9~0~ 0~2~8---+-=15~7~ 04c..7--t_ _5~6"'""95c..4--t--=10::.:0'-"-'09'-"3'--Barber and b eauty shop workers... .... ...... ... . ......... .
16, 295
14 , 270
2 , 025
13,764
12 , 382
1,382
2 , 194
1,564
6 30
Bootblacks ................. ... .. ..... . ................ .. .
2 , 0 46
2 , 03 0
16
737
734
3
1 , 273
1, 260
13
Cleane rs and charwo:i:en •••• • •... •• • • • •• • • • . • • • • • • • •• • • • • • •
16 , 994
2 , 343
14 , 651
7 , 049
1 , 594
5,4 55
9 , 737
703
9 , 034
Cooks a..,d chefs (exce pt in pr i vate family) ...... .. ... ....
33 , 753
26 , 036
7 , 717
22 , 868
17 , 70 9
5 ,159
9 , 949
7 , 522
2 , 427
Elevato r op,, r ators ....... .. ... . . . ....... .... ..... ........
7, 634
6 , 93'.l
695
4 ,759
4 , 414
345
2 ,77 5
2, 438
337
Janitors, car etakors , ancl sextons . ........ . .... ..........
27 ,o43
25 , 664
1 , 979
14 , 395
13 , 266
1,129
12 , 755
11 , 938
817
Laundres ses ( n ot in l a und ry) • •• ····•·••••·••· ...... · • ••••
24 , 861
3-.8
24 , 513
5 ,1 86
118
5 , 068
19 ,11 3
212
18 , 901
Porte rs (except in s t ores)..... .. ........ .. ...... ........
18, 516
18 , 474
42
4 , 232
4,204
28
14 , 060
14 , 047
13
Practic al nurses , hos pital attendants, and orde rlies .....
12, 941
2 , 72 1
10,220
11,378
2, 35 7
9 , 02 1
1, 435
331
1 , 104
Servants (hotels , boarding houues , o t c . ) (n. e.c.) ........
25, 22 3
13 , 917
11 ,306
14 , 520
9 ,130
5, 390
9 , 935
4 , 196
5 , 739
Servants (private f amily) ........ . ......... . .............
94 , 560
3 , 460
91 , 100
34 , 314
1 , 053
33 , 261
58 , 215
2 , 219
55 , 996
Waiters , waitresses , and bar tende rs......................
25 , 439
12 ,954
12 , 475
19,481
8 ,675
10, 806
5, 358
3 , 908
1 , 450
Other domestic and personal service wor ke rs . ... ........ ..
35 , 075
1 7 , 838
1 7 , 23 7
23 , 456
10, 475
12 , 981
10, 248
6 , 616
3 , 632
1 78
177
178
179
FARJ-i OPERATORS A.'(D LABORERS ........... ..... . .... . .. . . . •1---"7"'70--'-"0""
5 ~a..
' · -+----'
7..::.
5.::..
0 ..,4""
0.::..
9 -+--"'l"9 ~6;..:;
4..::.
3 -+.......,6""5""
6 '-'7"'9""3-+---'6;..:;4-'7...,6:.::6"'-7-+--"-9""'1=-=2""6- + - - '0""0.,_9::.::3:.::0-4_ _7:..::0"'-"'
89:..::4-4_...;l:.:0:.,.;;;
03::.::6: _
Fa.rm foremen , managers, and ove rseers .. ......... .. . ......
2, 665
2 , 6 21
44
2 , 518
2 ,474
44
56
56
Farm laborers............................................
34 7 , 900
332 , 892
1 5, 008
273 , 484
267, 62 7
5, 857
50,3 87
41,638
8 , 749
Farmers.................................................. 419,4 8 7
414,896
4 , 591
380 ,791
377, 5 66
3 , 225
30,487
29 ,200
1 , 287
180
181
182
I!IEXPERIENCED PERSONS ............................... • •• ,___1_67~ 2_92_ _ _
54~ 6_4_0 _ _1_1_2 •~6_5_2 _ _1_4_1-3_4_0-+-_ _4_6 - 4_0_3-+_ _9_4_9_3_7-+_ _2_1~2_ 8_5_ _ _6~ 6_"3_9_ _ _1_4~ 64_6_
Persons 16- 24 years •of ago (inclusive) ...................
76,018
44 , 331
31 ,6 8 7
65 , 693
38 , 700
26 ,993
8 , 606
4 , 728
3 , 878
Persons 25 years of age and over•••••••••••••••••••••••••
91 , 274
10, 309
80 , 965
75 ,64 7
7, 703
67,944
12 , 679
1 , 911
10, 768
183
lfNKNOW11 OCCUPATION ••••••••••••••••••• ••• ••.••••• ••• ••••
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
581 , 00C
36 , 812
99 , 989
63 , 078
93 , 513
29 , 680
i37 , 603
12 , 24,5
24 , 778
2 , 6tl3
23 , 6P.,1
56 , 9 35
120 768
579 , 64 9
36 , 81 2
99 , 000
63 , 076
93 , 51 3
29 , 513
137 , 603
12 , 245
24 , 778
2 , 683
23 , 684
56 , 742
93 367
92
2 , 347
1 , 351
989
2
167
193
27 401
420 , 525
33 , 594
71 , 204
45 , 240
69 , 057
16, 564
94,61 8
6 , 366
22 , 309
1,681
19, 497
40 ,39 5
72 619
419 , 83 3
33 , 594
70 , 704
45 , 240
69,057
16 , 484
94 , 618
6 , 366
22 , 309
1 , 681
19 , 497
40 , 283
59 512
86
1 , 889
692
500
80
132 , 6 78
2 , 382
22 , 227
13,403
19, 248
12 , 484
37 , 02 7
5 , 683
1 , 571
957
3 , 452
112
13 107
14 , 244
12 815
132 , 053
2 , 382
2 1 , 763
13 , 401
19 , 248
12 , 401
37 , 0 27
5 , 683
1 , 571
957
3 , 452
14 , 168
8 425
6
356
625
464
2
83
76
4 390
22
WORKERS ON RELIEF-UNITE D STATES
TABLE 14-ECONOMIC HEADS' OF FAMILIES ON RELIEF IN URBAN AREAS, BY USUAL OCCUPATION, COLOR, AND SEX,
FOR THE UNITED STATES:"MARCH 1935
TOTAL:
WHITE
NEGRO
USUAL OCCUPATION
TOTAL
TOTAL • ••••••••• • ••••••••••••• 2 , 730 , 276·
Ac:~:~~~~~~•~•~~:~~.~~~~~:::::::
HALE
FEMALE
2,312 , 418
417 , 858
TOTAL
2 ,146, 666
HALE
FEMALE
TOTAL
1,874,181
272,485
483 , 678
::::~:::: :::::
: 1------"5-:c!"'-:,::':~::c;-+--'3'c-~"'-:.:8:c-:8:-: :~-+--'l:..:;3.L.
· :;c;~c;;~- + --'4='5:t..l..,~=-:~c-::o-+-....:3:.;:~:..z..-~:~::..;2'--+--'l:..:l'-'-=-~~::..;8:.......+---'5:..z..:::.;~~2~_
MALE
FEHALE
355 ,2 99
128,379
·Ci_;,: ~~
!.
___:3::.i.:::~..!::::._1--_l=.,.
10
11
12
13
14
16
16
17
Archite cts •• • •••••••••••••••••••••••• , •••• •••••• • •••••••••
Artists , scu l ptor s , and t eache r s of a rt •••••••••••••••••••
Chemists , assaye r s , and metallur gists •••• ••••••••••••• ••••
Clergymen and r eli gious workers •••••••••••••••••••••••••••
Designers •.. . ........••..... • .... . ....•••...•..•..... • ,. •.•
Drattsme n ••••• • ••••••••• , •••••• , ••••••• , ,. , ••• , ••••• , •••• ,
Enginee r s (te chnical) •• • •••••••• •••·•••••·••·••••··•••••••
Lawye r s , judges, and justice s •••••••• • ••••••••••••••••• • ••
Librarians and lib rarians' as sistants ••••• • • ,.,., •••••••••
Musi c i ans and t eache rs of mus i c •••••••• ,, •••• , ••••••••••••
Nurses (trained or registered) •••••••••••••••••••• •••• •• ,.
Physicians, s urgeons, and dentists •• , •••••••••••••••••••••
Playground and r ec reational worke rs •••• , ••••••••••••••••••
Repo rters , editor s , and j ournalists •• .. ••••••••••••••• • • . •
559
2 ,1 61
617
1 , 732
719
3 , 645
'4,984
667
425
11 , 087
3 , 307
53 4
1 , 581
1 , 038
553
1 , 731
607
1 , 648
522
3 , 625
4 , 976
656
85
9 , 164
208
5 14
1,133
863
6
450
10
84
197
20
B
11
340
1,923
3 , 099
20
448
175
549
2 , 082
574
8B1
695
3 , 559
4 , 912
621
395
9 , 254
3 , 035
468
1,339
997
543
1 , 657
565
826
505
3 , 539
4 , 904
611
81
7 , 608
203
45 1
963
824
6
425
9
55
190
20
8
10
314
1 , 646
2 , 832
17
376
173
4
70
24
832
17
30
31
42
24
1,418
246
57
223
23
4
48
24
803
13
30
31
41
4
1,163
3
55
1 54
21
1
20
255
243
2
69
2
1B
19
20
Teachers ...•........•................ ..•..................
College instru ctors and pr ofessor s ••••••••• . ••••••••••••
Prilllary and secondary school , and t e achers (n. e .c .)~ ••• •
7 , 373
203
7 , 170
2 , 416
158
2 , 258
4 , 957
45
4 , 912
5 , 917
182
5 , 735
2 , 083
141
1,942
3 , 834
41
3 , 793
1 , 379
19
1 , 360
307
15
292
1,068
661
115
37
78
371
1
59
311
40
4
5
6
7
B
9
22
29
4
1,072
4
21
Othe r professional worke r s •••• •••••••••• •• ••••••••••••••• ,
2 , 195
1 , 447
748
2 , 037
1,376
22
23
24
25
Othe r semiprofes sional worke r s ............................
Abstracters , n otarie s , and justices of peace............
Te chnicians and labor atory assistants.. ............. . ...
Semiprofessional wor ke r s (n. e .c. ) ••• , • , ••••••. , •• • • • • • ••
6 , 022
1 24
946
4 , 952
5,448
107
810
4 , 531
574
17
136
421
5 , 481
123
861
4 , 497
4 , 955
106
730
4 ,119
26
27
2B
29
30
31
32
PROPRIETORS, MANAGER$ , AND OFFI CIALS (EXCEPT AGRI C.) •••• t--~
6 ="l...,5...=4.c..
3 -+--..:..5="9.'-"1-=1~
2 -+----"2'--'
. 4c.c3.;c;.
l-+--=5~7 '-'6....,7..,,.3-+--=5..:..
5.,_5....,2...,.l-._--"2-'-'lc.c5...,.2-._
Building contracto r s •••• ,............................. ....
7 , 227
7,219
8
6 , 897
6 ,889
8
Foreste r s , forest range r s , and timber cruiser s ••• ,........
206
206
203
203
Hucksters, pedd lers , and junk and rag dealers ....... .. ....
9 , 966
9 , 834
1 32
8 , 283
8 ,195
88
Trucking , transfer and cab companies , and garages .........
1,948
1, 935
13
1, 775
1 , 762
13
Retail deale r s and managers ( n . e.c.) ..................... .
18,665
17 , 834
8 31
18 , 039
17 , 259
780
Othe r proprie tors, manage rs, and officials .. ...... ... .. ...
23 , 531
22,084
1 , 447
22 ,476
21,213
1 , 263
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
OFFI CE WORKERS •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• ••.•• ••• •••• • 1---=l.,:.
26':--'-"4"'-2"-,1-----:'8
8~
9 i..::5:.::.
6=..
2 -+--..:::3=..6<.:9:;:2.::..
0 -+---'l:;:2.::..
0 z.:
. 3:.=2.::.
0 - + _..::8.::..5'-'l::::5.::.
2-+_..::3:.::.
5.z..:l::::6:.::.8-+_......::
4.i.;6::.;40=-+---"3~ 28::..::0-+---=l:..1.. .::c36::..::0:...._
Bookkee pe r s , acc ountant s , and auditor s ....................
16,072
12,460
3;612
15,757
12,236
3 ,521
135
76
59
46
46
47
48
49
50
51
62
53
54
55
56
67
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
~~=~!:r(n~=~~:r. . :~ . ~~~~ ::::::::::::::::::::::::: ::: ::::
Messengers and office boys •••••••••••••••••• , . ....... .. ...
Off ice me.chi ne operators ................. . ...... ..... .....
Office managers and bank tellers .............. .. ... . ......
.Stenographe r s , stenotypi s t s , and d i ctaphone operator s .....
Te le graph and radio ope r ators........................ .....
Te lephone operator s •••••••••••.•• ,........................
Typi sts ••••••••• ,.••• ••••••••• , ••••••••••• , •••••••••••••• ,
Othe r c lerical and allie d workers •• , •••••••• ,.............
1g'4 ,15
. :~;1
1,196
2 , 438
10 , 448
2 , 040
4 ,1 54
5 , 8 43
6 , 0 45
58 , :!~
4,054
598
2 , 205
1 , 273
1, 880
405
1 , 022
5 , 763
1i '. ~~i
97
598
233
9 ,175
160
3 ,7 49
4 , 821
282
6~ : !:i
3,592
1,167
2,413
10 , 011
2 , 004
4 , 042
5 , 495
5 , 747
55 , ::~
3 , 530
584
2,181
1,225
1 , 847
362
954
5 , 481
526
17
131
378
1i '. ~!!
62
583
232
8 , 786
157
3,680
4,541
266
411
1
61
349
_..c3_..l::..:2:..:c5--+---'2"--'8 7....,5-4_
275
275
2
2
1,487
1 , 443
159
159
411
374
791
622
3 ,1~;
475
19
8
298
5
68
258
218
2,4i;
442
10
8
27
4
39
40
205
2
38
_
_;;;_
25:;...;0c..44
37
169
6~i
33
9
271
1
29
218
13
SALESMEN AND KINDRED WORKERS •••••••••• , , •••••••• , •••••• • t---"l"'-05::....L:4e:c
5.::..
3 -+---"-8-=-4...,1:..:
3:,..
2 -+---"2.:.
1...,3::..::2.:.1-+____,l,.,,O:.::.
O.c
. 6c.:.7.::.5-+--"8"'-0..i..:2e..:7..:e
8-+--'2'-"0-"3"-'9'--'-7- + ------"3:..z.0~9::..::6-+_---'2'-'-"5 44=--+----"-55,,_.,2,__
Canvassers ( s olicito rs, any) ••• ••••·•·•••·······,.,.......
3 , 980
3 , 261
719
3 , 841
3 ,166
6 75
101
61
40
Commercial travelers ............................. . ...... ..
4 , 8 16
4 , 740
76
4 , 755
4 , 68 7
68
26
19
7
llewsboys •••••••••••••••••••••••• ••••••••••·••••····••·· •••
1 , 1 86
1,176
10
1 , 018
1 , 009
9
142
141
1
Re al estate agents and insure.nee agents ............. . .....
11 , 222
10 , 267
965
10 , 583
9 , 702
881
536
470
66
Salesmen and saleswomen (re tail s tores) ....... . .......... .
59 ,390
41,456
17 , 934
56 , 659
39 , 412
17, 247
1,580
1 , 213
367
Othe r sales persons and kind red workers...... . .... . .. . ....
24, 859
23,232
1,627
23 , 8 19
22 , 302
1, 517
711
640
71
SKI LIED WORKERS AND FOREMEN IN BLDG. AND CONSTRUCTION ••• t---=3-=57'--'-'4'-'-79::........t---=3-=-57'--'-'4"-7=9 -+-- - - -- - '3::..::2.::..9..,
.l:..:8.::..8-+--'3'-"2-=9~1=8-=-8-._ _ _ _+---=2=2-"
. 5::..:3:..:5--+--'2=2'-'-5=3=5-4_ _ __
Bla cksmiths•••••••••••--•••••••• •••••••·••·••••••••••••·••
8 , 639
8 , 639
7 , 995
7 , 995
451
451
Boi lermakers.................. ............................
5 ,100
5 ,100
4,822
4 , 822
155
155
Bri cklayers and stonemasons ••• , •• , •••••• , •••••••••••• ,....
26 , 287
26,287
23 ,477
23, 477
2 ,151
2 ,1 51
Carpente rs•••••••··••••••••·•·•••••·· ••••·•···••••••••·•·•
87,308
87 , 308
82 , 219
82 ,219
3 , 850
3 , 850
Cement fin1shers ••·•••••••·••···••••••·••••••• ••••·••·•• ••
17 , 255
17 , 255
12 ,428
12,428
4 ,205
4 , 205
Electricians ............................. ........ ..... ....
16,860
16 , 860
16 , 504
16 , 504
200
200
Foremen : construction (except road ).......................
9 ,763
9 ,763
9 , 347
9 , 347
308
308
For emen: road and s tre et construction................. ....
5,177
5 ,17 7
5 , 011
5 , 011
98
98
Operators or engineers: stat'y and port. constr. equip 't..
19, 970
19 , 970
18, 358
18 , 358
1,325
1, 325
Painters (not in factory) ............ . ....................
86 , 524
86 , 52 4
80 , 745
80 , 745
4 , 597
4, 597
Paper hangers •••••••••••••••• ·•••·•·• ••••· ··•••• • ····•····
2 , 845
2 , 845
2 , 419
2 , 419
386
386
Plaste r e rs ••••••••••••••••••• •••• •• •••••·•·••·••··••·•·•··
14 ,563
14,563
11 , 704
11, 704
2 , 560
2 , 560
Pl umbers, gas and s team f itters ••••••••••••••• • , ..........
26 ,350
26,350
25 , 316
25 , 316
687
687
Roofers•••··•·••••••••·••·•• ·•••·•·•·•••····•••••··•••••••
6 , 481
6 ,48 1
6,011
6 , 011
38 7
387
Sheet me tal workers ••••••••••••••• . •••••••••••••••••••••• ,
2 , 638
2 , 638
2 , 588
2 , 588
26
26
Stonecutters and c arve rs ••••••••••••• ,....................
2 , 689
2 , 689
2 ,597
2 , 597
50
50
Structura l iron and ste e l workers ..... .... .......... . .....
7 , 764
7 ,764
7,486
7, 486
147
147
Setters: marble, s tone , and tile.. . .................. . ....
3 ,5 82
3 ,5 82
3 , 360
3 , 360
175
175
Othe r s killed worke r s in building and c onstruction.. . .....
7, 68 4
7 , 684
6 , 801
6 , 801
777
777
SKI LIED WORKERS AND FOREMEN IN MFG. & OTHER I NDUSTRIES . • 1-....:1:.:.7.::..3...,9:..::3.::.8-+--'l:.:.7.::.
2.L4e::2c:..7-+----"l.,_,5=1=1-+----'l:.::6:..::0..i..:8::..::l'O
c'-+-l:.::5:,;9.L3
::..::9:-:=3-+---=l:.a.·.:,
41::..:7-t---'l::..:O'-"-,--=-,
6 7:--:1:-f_ _l=O~,--=5 :9:..::8:--1r---~
7 3~
Cabinetmakers ••••••••••••••••• , ••• ••• •• • ••• ••••••.........
5 , 499
5 ,499
5,331
5 ,331
87
87
Cobblers and shoe r epairmen ............ , ••• , •• , •••• , ••••• ,
5 , 6 20
5 ,5 9 4
26
4, 986
4,961
24
467
465
Conductors: steam and s treet railroad s , and bu ses .........
2 , 837
2 , 831
6
2, 8 11
2 , 805
6
9
9
Foremen (in factorie s),.......................... .........
14
10,812
10 , 281
531
10, 396
9 , 886
5 10
336
322
Foremen and inspectors ( e xcept in factories )..............
10
11,267
10 , 958
30'9
10 , 583
10,288
295
494
484
Locomotive engineers and firemen ••••• ·•••••••••••·••••·•••
9 , 303
9 ,30 3
8 , 610
8 , 610
633
633
Machinists, millwrights, and toolmakers ••••••••••••• , •• ·•• ,
27,692
27 , 692
26 , 882
26,882
477
477
Mechanics (n.e,c.).................... ....................
43,023
43 ,023
39,008
39 , 008
3,334
3 , 334
Molde r s , founders, and caste rs (metal) ••••• ·•···•••••••·••
14, 019
14, 019
11,631
11,6 31
2 ,156
2 ,155
Sawyers .... . ........................... ,........ .. ........
4,621
4,621
4,045
4,045
526
526
Skilled workers in printing and engraving.................
3
8 ,100
7, 964
146
7 ,826
7 , 686
140
146
143
Tailors and furriers • .,........................... ........
32
5 ,542
5 , 227
315
4, 867
4 , 591
276
550
518
Tinsmiths and coppersmiths ••••••••••••••• ,................
5 , 001
5 , 001
4, 825
4 , 825
96
96
Metal workers (e xcept gold and silver) (n.·e. c. ) ...........
6,722
5 ,7 21
5 , 001
5 , 000
1
669
669
Skilled workers in mfg. and other industries (n.e. c. ) .....
12
14, 880
14 ,703
177
14, 009
13 , 8 44
165
692
680
SEMISKILIED WORKERS IN BUILDING AND CONSTRUCTION ••••••• • 1-...,2:.:::0.::..9..::
. 0:..::5-=-4-+-__,2::..::
0.::..
9 .,_,
. 0::..::5.=.4-+-----+---'l::..:7...,4-'-'l:.::3::..:4-+----'l::..:7...,4"'1:.::3::..:4-+_ _ _ _+---'3=0:.a.4.:..7:...:2-+--'3"-'0:..a·..._
4, 7,__,2'---l----Appre ntices in building and c ons truction •••••••••••••• ,...
7
809
809
711
11
55
55
As phalt workers •• , ............................. ........ •••
1,094
1,094
349
349
684
684
Blasters (except in mines),..................... ..........
1,272
1,272
1,123
1,123
106
106
Caisson workers ....... .,.••••• ... •• ................ ,......
266
266
209
209
54
54
Callrers ............................ ,.,.,..................
755
765
592
692
149
149
Firemen (exce pt locomotive and fire department)...........
17,881
17,881
13,689
13,689
4,040
4,040
1
Include s e c on omi c heads 16 through 64- years of a ge.
2
For qualificat ions of these statistic s , see statement on page 18.
3Includes white, Negro, other , and unknown color or rac e.
"Not elsewhere classified.
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
23
ECONOMIC HEADS-OCCUPATION
TABLE 14-ECONOMIC HEADS OF FAMILIES ON RELIEF IN URBAN AREAS, BY USUAL OCCUPATION, COLOR, AND SEX, FOR
THE UNITED STATES: MARCH 1935-Continued
TOTAL
WHITE
NEGRO
USUAL OCCUPATION
TOTAL
HALE
9 , 197
2,381
1,592
133 , 994
6 ,606
33,207
9 ,1 97
2 , 381
1,592
133 , 994
6 , 606
33 , 207
Fll'!ALE
TOTAL
HALE
7, 272
1 , 791
1 , 530
113,836
6 , 266
26 , 866
7 , 272
1 ,791
1,530
113 , 836
6 , 266
26 , 86 6
FfflALE
TOTAL
HALE
1 , 603
501
38
17 , 512
251
5 , 479
1 , 603
501
38
17 , 512
251
5 , 479
FfflALE
95
96
97
98
99
100
SEIUSKILLED WORKERS Ill BLDG. AND CONSTRUCTION - Cont .
Operators of building e.nd construction equipment •••••• •••
Pipele.yers ••••••••••••••••••••••••••• •• ••••••••••••••••••
Rodmen e.nd ohe.inmen ( surveying) ••••••••••••••••••••••••••
Truck and tr11.ctor drive rs ..... . ... ..... ........ . ........ .
Welders •• • ••••••• •• •••••••• •• •••••••••••••••••• • •••••••••
Other semiskilled ,rorkers in building e.nd c onstruct ion •••
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
SEJ1ISKILLED WORKERS IN MFG. AND OTHER INDUSTRIES .•••••• r--_5_05::-',·-=-6-=81-:--t---4~18
::-"-::5~9.,..7-+--'8_7 ..,,o_,,
84
_ +--'4~3'C'"4..,,8.,,
4~1-+_3..c.
6'C6'"",:8'-"0"C""
5 -+---'6..C.
8 4'0C-"37
6--+---'6..C.
0.,__3'-"4~9--+--'4=3.,__6C-,6",2--+---'1=6.,_6""8""7_
Be.leers ........................................ .... .......
9,154
8 , 862
292
8 ,397
8 , 169
228
4 73
413
60
Brakemen (railroad)......................................
7,195
7,195
6 , 877
6 , 877
262
262
Deliverymen..............................................
20,746
20 ,746
17,023
17 , 023
3 , 368
3 , 368
Dresomakers and milliners................................
19, 396
338
19 , 058
15 , 482
287
15 , 195
3 , 147
38
3 , 109
Filers, grindero, buffers, and polishers (metal ) .........
10,527
10 ,446
Bl
9, 656
9 , 583
73
771
764
7
Furne.cemen, heaters, smeltermen, etc. (metal working).. ..
4,704
4 , 704
3 , 358
3 , 358
1 , 238
1 , 238
Guards, watchmen, and door keepers (except railroad).. ....
9 , 758
9,750
8
8,7 53
8 , 748
5
892
889
3
HBJ1dicraft workers: textile, wood , leather, metal, eto...
334
1 88
116
286
161
125
35
18
17
Inside worlairs: mines ...................... ..... . ••••••••
43 , 529
43 , 529
39 , 289
39 , 289
2 , 823
2 , 823
111
112
113
114
Operatives (n.e.c.) in mfg. e.nd 11.llied industries ....... .
Che mical and allied industries ................... .. .. ••
Cigar, cigarette, and tobe.oco factories ......... ...... .
Cl ay, glass, and s tone industries ................ •• • •••
289,870
5 , 804
7, 680
9, 621
224 , 672
4 , 837
4,193
9,120
65 , 198
967
3 , 487
501
249 , 861
4 , 726
4 ,6 54
8 , 210
199 , 274
3 , 866
2 , 949
7 , 780
50 , 58 7
860
1 , 705
430
34 , 668
992
2 , 940
1 , 131
21 , 565
909
1 , 192
1 , 064
13 , 103
83
1 , 748
67
115
116
117
118
Clothing industries ................................... .
Shirt, collar and cuff factories . ....... .......... . ..
Suit, coat, and dress factories .................... ..
Clothing indu stries ( n.e . c . ) ........ .. ... ........... .
30 , 207
2 , 110
14, 157
13,940
14,284
681
7 , 082
6 , 521
15,923
1 , 429
7 , 075
7 , 419
25 , 578
1,963
ll , 3l.l
12,304
12 , 976
667
6 , 345
5 , 964
12 , 602
1 , 296
4 , 966
6 , 340
3 , 953
118
2 , 556
1 , 279
1 ,125
2 , 828
109
1 , 8 95
824
9
661
455
119
Electric light and power plants ...... , ............. ,••.
724
711
13
702
689
13
14
14
120
1 21
122
123
Food and beverage indu stries . .... . .................... .
Ba ke ries ............................................ .
Slaughte r and meat packing houses • •••••• , ••• •••• •••••
Food and beve rage industries (n .e.o. ) . . ............. .
24 , 335
2, 480
6 , 579
15 , 276
16 , 682
1 , 808
5, 416
9 , 458
7 , 653
672
1 ,1 63
5, 818
19 , 115
2, 187
4 , 579
12 , 349
13 , 281
1 , 559
3, 710
8 , 012
5 , 834
628
869
4 , 337
4 , 157
234
l, 718
2 , 205
2, 711
202
1 , 460
1 , 049
1 ,446
32
258
1, 156
124
125
126
127
128
129
Iron and steel, machinery, and vehicle industries ••••••
Automobile factories •• • •• ••• ••• ••••• •• • • ••• •• ••• •••••
Automobile repair shops ••••••••••••••••••••••.•••••••
Bl a st furnaces and steel r o ll ing mills •••••••••••••••
Car e.nd railroad shops ........... .. ................. .
I ron and steel, machinery, &: vehicle i nd 's (n . e .c.) ••
65,545
17 , 850
1 , 27 7
8 , 502
8 , 359
29 , 55 7
63 , 959
17 , 289
1 , 275
8 , 399
8 , 340
28 , 656
1, 586
561
57 , 47 7
16 , 337
1 , 046
6 , 644
7 , 712
25 , 738
1 , 478
533
2
100
18
825
5, 707
807
197
1 , 643
502
2 , 558
5 , 612
783
197
1 , 641
501
2, 490
95
24
103
19
901
58 , 955
16,870
1, 048
6 , 744
7, 730
26 , 563
130
131
132
133
134
Laundries and d ry cleaning estab lishments • ••••• •• • •••••
Lumber e.nd furniture industries .. . ........ .... ....... ••
Metal i ndustri es {except iron and steel ) •••••••••••••• ,
Pe.per, printing, e.nd allied industries ................ .
Shoe f11.ctories ••••••••••••••••••••••••• ••.•••• •••••••••
19 , 451
19, 544
9 , 765
11, 405
12 ,386
8 , 482
18 , 835
8 , 671
9 , 137
10 , 363
10 , 969
709
1 , 094
2 , 268
2 , 023
10 , 455
17 , 461
9 , 023
10 , 701
12 ,1 70
5 , 103
16 , 864
8 , 023
8 , 58 1
10 , 177
5 , 352
597
1 , 000
2 , 120
1,993
8 , 415
1 , 776
575
572
107
3 , 080
1 , 675
510
446
88
5 , 335
101
65
126
19
135
136
137
138
Texti le industries ............... .. ................... .
Cotton mills ........................................ .
Woolen and wo r sted mills •• • • ••••• ••••• • • ••••• ••••••••
Texti l e i n dus tries (n. e . c.) ••••••••••. ••• . • •...••••••
38 , 375
13 , 429
4 , 688
20 , 258
26 , 656
9 , 54 1
3 , 489
13,626
11,719
3 , 888
1 , 199
6 , 632
36 , 750
13 , 026
4 , 571
19 , 153
25 , 648
9 , 213
3 , 411
13 , 024
11 , 102
3 , 813
1 , 160
6 , 129
1 , 258
346
58
854
'148
286
29
433
510
60
29
421
1 39
Mi sc . and not specified manufactu ring i ndu stri es •••••• •
35 , 028
28 , 742
6 , 286
3 1,36 1
25 , 860
5, 501
3 , 0 71
2 , 391
680
140
141
142
143
Pa inte r s, varni shers, enamelers , etc . (factory) ......... .
Switchnen, flagmen, and yardmen (railroad ) ••••••••• ··••••
Taxicab d rivers , bu s d r ivers, and chauffeurs .... ... .... . .
Other semiskilled VIO rkers in mfg. and other industries •••
10,886
5 , 725
22 , 773
51 , 084
10 ,66 2
5 , 725
22 , 693
49 , 08 7
224
9 , 996
5 , 262
16 , 763
43 , 838
9 , 812
5, 26 2
16 , 689
42 , 273
184
659
379
5 , 728
5, 906
621
379
5 , 722
5 , 562
38
144
l 45
146
147
148
149
UNSKILLED LABORERS (EXCEPT IN AGRICULTURE) ••••.••••••• •1---=5=24"-'-=8=40
= ----=5=2=2 L:lc::.
0.::..
3 --+--~
2 '-'7-"3-'-7 --+---'3""4"'9 ""5""0"'3-+--'3'-'4-"-7,._7-=6=8-+----"
l ,._7-=3=5--+_1=5=2.,_0""9...;;,5--+-'"'
l5""1~15""3--+---"-94=-=2'Labore rs in manufactur ing and allied industries... .......
130 , 210
128,138
2 , 072
89 ,1 56
87 , 727
1 , 429
37 , 153
36 , 553
600
Clay, glass, and stone industrie s ................ . .....
11,292
11 , 206
86
8 , 032
7 , 974
58
2 , 796
2 ,768
28
Iron and steel, machinery, and vehicle industrie s ......
47 , 095
46 , 966
129
32 ,4 57
32 , 355
102
13 , 484
13,460
24
Lumber and f urniture indus t ries •. ••· •···· ••• •••• . ·•••••
12 , 958
12 , 840
11 8
8 , 318
8 , 243
75
4 , 454
4,413
41
Other manufactur ing e.nd all i ed indust ries ....... . ......
58 , 865
57 , 126
1 ,7 39
40 , 349
39 ,1 55
1 , 194
16 , 419
15 , 9 12
507
150
1 51
1 52
1 53
154
155
1 56
Le.borers exce pt in mfg. and allie d industries • •••••••••••
Mines, quarries , and oil and ga s we lls .......... ... ... .
Odd jobs (general) •••••••••••••••••••..•.••••••••• • ••••
Railroads ( steam and st reet ) .......................... .
Roads , streets , and sewe rs •••••••••••••••• •. ••••.••••••
Sto r es (including porters in s to res) .................. .
Le.borers e.nd helpers (n .e. c.) in bl d g . and const .••••••
157
Longsho remen and ste vedores ••••.•••••••••••••••••••••••
158
1 59
160
161
Lumberme n, re.ftsmen, e.nd woodchoppe r s •••••••••.••.•••••
Street cleaners , garbage men , o.nd s cave n ge rs ••••. . •••••
Teamste r s and d re.ymen ••••••••••••••• • ••••••• •• ••.••••••
Other le.borer s , except mfg. and allied i nd' s (n . e . c . ) ••
394 , 630
19 , 075
51, 598
41 , 830
57,971
26 ,731
117 , 058
11 , 845
8 , 503
2 , 497
14,566
42 , 956
393 , 965
19 , 0 75
51 , 221
41 , 830
5 7,971
26 , 5 77
117 ,058
11 , 845
8 , 503
2 , 497
14 , 566
42 , 822
2
80
1 , 997
66 5
377
154
134
260 ,347
17 , 297
32 , 011
27 , 05 7
37 ,9 49
14, 09 1
76 , 934
6 , 059
7, 495
1 , 542
11 , 24 9
28 , 663
260 , 041
17 , 297
31 , 847
27, 05 7
37,949
14 , 020
76 , 934
6 , 059
7 , 495
1 , 542
11 , 249
28 , 592
74
1 , 565
306
164
71
71
114 , 942
1 , 358
16 , 051
11 , 12 7
16, 286
12 , 096
34 , 964
5, 597
865
916
2 , 912
12 , 770
114 , 600
1 , 358
15 , 850
11,127
16 , 286
12 , 0 15
34 , 964
5, 597
865
916
2 , 912
12 , 710
2
l
68
6
344
342
201
81
60
DOMESTIC AND PERSONAL SERVI CE WORKERS ••• • •••••• ••••• , • •1-..:.:2,:,,;92"-'-"4..:.;46e.,_+-""l""-32
"-'-".Oc,:.191
.,__+-_,la.s:6"'-0..,3""5"'-5-+--'1""4"'-2"-'1"'9..._1+-__,_7c,.
4 ..,",_.·1-"" +---"6'-'-7...,5"-'7-"'
5- + _l"-'4:..:::3.,_6"-'7" "-7-+---'5::.::3"-"-'89:,.::3-+_....:8::,::9CL.:..;78::.::4'13,711
11 , 850
1, 861
11 , 36 5
10, 125
1 , 240
2 , 07 1
1,463
608
1 , 946
1 , 93 1
15
691
689
2
1 , 219
1, 206
13
1 5, 938
2, 244
13 , 694
6 , 332
1 , 525
4 , 807
9 , 426
679
8,747
28 , 464
22 , 378
6 , 086
18, 487
14, 671
3 , 816
9 , 136
6 ,9 72
2 , 164
7 ,4 27
6 , 746
681
4 , 585
4 , 250
335
2 , 746
2 , 412
334
24,495
22 ,800
1,695
12 , 07 7
11 , 116
96 1
11 , 989
11 , 284
705
18,703
255
18 ,44 8
2 , 82 5
80
2 , 745
15 , 454
161
15, 293
18 , 057
18 ,018
39
4 , 138
4 , 111
27
13 , 703
13 , 692
11
10,151
£,327
7,824
8 , 816
1, 985
6 , 83 1
1 , 228
313
915
24 , 051
13,345
10 ,706
13 , 640
8 , 723
4 , 917
9,693
4 , 059
5, 634
79, 286
2 , 929
76 , 357
24 , 809
778
2 4, 031
52 , 86 6
1 , 977
50 ,889
22 ,849
12 , 0 12
10, 837
17 , 132
7,900
9 , 232
5 , 165
3 ,745
1 ,420
27,36 8
1 5 , 256
12 , 112
17 , 294
8 , 663
8 , 631
8 , 981
5, 930
3 , 051
16 2
163
164
166
166
167
168
169
1 70
171
172
173
174
176
Bootb l acks ........................ , ••••••••••••.•••••• •••
Cleaners and che.rwomen•• ••••·••• ••••••• ••••••·••·••••••••
Cooks and chefs (except in pr ivate f amily) ......... .... ..
Elevato r operators ................................. .. ....
J anitors, caretakers , and sextons ••• ••••••·•·.···•··•••·•
Laund re s ses (not i n laundry) ••••••• ,.....................
Porters (except in stores)...............................
Practice.] nur ses , hospital 11.ttende.nts , e.nd orderlies. ....
Servants (hotels, boarding houses, etc. ) (n.e.c.) ........
Servants (private family) ................... . ....... ·••••
Waiters, waitresses, and bartenders ••••••••• ·• •••··••·"•
Othe r d011"3stic and personal servi ce workers..............
176
177
178
179
FARM OPERATORS AND LABORERS ••••••••••••••••••••••.•••• • 1--_1_
29_.._6_
85_t--~1_
26....._4_91__- + - ~
3 - 1_9_4 - + - 9_8 _04
..-3 -+_ _9_6 _8_7_8-+_ _l ,._1_6_5--+_ _1_9,._9_8_0--t_ _1_8~15_6--t_ _l,~
82_4_
Fe.rm foreman, managers, and overseers....................
1,212
1 ,199
13
1 ,116
1,103
13
33
33
1 , 661
Fe.rm le.borers............................................
84,327
81 , 597
2,730
58 , 983
58 ,117
866
14 , 812
13,15 1
F11.rmers..................................................
44,146
43,695
451
37 , 944
37 ,6 58
286
5 , 135
4 , 972
163
180
181
182
I NEXPERIENCED PERSONS .................................. _ _l ....
00'-'--3"'54"'-+---"'35
......_3=64= --+---=
64
......_9..c.
9....
0 -+-8....
1 ~7....
9....
1 - + - -2~9 ""2=1....
8 --+---'5_2~5~7....
3--+-~1=6..,2""7-"4--t-~5...,4....6...4--t--'1_.0~ 8 1_.0_
Persons 16-24 ye11.rs of age ( inclu sive)... ................
48 , 354
29,028
19 , 326
40 , 502
24 , 655
15, 847
6 , 899
3,870
3,029
Persons 25 years of age e.nd over.........................
52,000
6,336
45 ,664
41 , 289
4 , 563
36,726
9 , 375
1,594
7,781
183
Barber Blld beauty shop worke rs ••••••••• • • .•• • ·••·•··••"•
UNKNOWN OCCUPATION••••••• • ••••••••••••••• • ••••••••••• ••
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
91,850
68 523
23 327
52,291
41 ,9 24
10,367
11 472
7 318
4,154
24
WORKERS ON RELIEF-UNITED STATES
TABLE IS-ECONOMIC HEADS 1 OF FAMILlES ON RELIEF IN RURAL AREAS, BY USUAL OCCUPATION, COLOR, AND SEX,
FOR THE UNITED STATES:2 MARCH 1935
TOTAL3
WHITE
NEGRO
USUAL OCCUPATION
TOTAL
TOTAL ........................ 1 , 428,201
MALE
FFl1ALE
1,294,322
133, 879
TOTAL
1,262,055
MALE
FFl1ALE
TOTAL
1,156,367
105,688
118,606
MALE
94,633
FFl1ALE
23 ,973
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11.
12
13
14
16
16
17
PROFESSIONAL AND TECHNICAL WORKERS ••••.•••••••••••• ,•••• •1----=l-=-O'-'2'-'-7"-2-+------=6 ...c0cc9..;..7_
-.+----=4..L-'l=-c7-=-5-+-----'-9.L5"-'9'-'-7-+---=5_._6=8=9-+---=3-'-,-=90=8-+------=-55=5:........+----=3 =-=16~1-----=2-=-39=-Actors ............................... . .............. ,.....
90
69
21
87
66
21
Architects................................................
45
44
1
42
41
1
Artists, sculptors, and teach&rs of art...................
196
167
29
196
167
29
Chemists, as sayers, and metallurgists.....................
97
95
2
96
94
2
1
1
Clergymen and religious workers...........................
891
876
15
703
689
14
168
167
Designers.................................................
36
28
7
35
28
7
Draftsmen......... . .. • .. .. • • .. • • • .. • • • • • • .. • .. .. .. .. • • • • • •
408
406
2
402
400
2
Engineers (technical).....................................
1,009
1,009
1,001
1,001
Lawyers, judges, and justices.............................
62
59
3
62
59
3
Librarians and librarians' assistants.....................
173
13
160
171
13
158
2
2
Mu s icians and teachers of music...........................
975
660
315
924
617
307
29
23
6
Nurses (trained or registered)............................
636
36
600
616
35
581
13
13
Physicians, surgeons, and dentists........................
53
51
2
50
49
1
1
Playground and recreational workers........ . . .. ...........
1 37
82
55
132
80
52
3
Reporters, editors, and journalists.......................
130
98
32
130
98
32
18
19
20
Teachers ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••
College instructors and professors ••••••••• . •• ••• •••••••
Primary and s&condary school, and teacher s (n.e.c .)~ ....
4,331
31
4,300
1,538
23
1,515
3 , 979
28
3,951
1,412
20
1,392
2 , 567
2,785
21
Other professional workers ••.•••••• ••••. ....•••• •.•• ••••••
265
189
76
253
183
70
22
23
24
25
Other semiprof essional workers ••••••.•••.••••..••...••••••
Abst racter s , notaries, and justices of peace ••••....••••
Technicians and laboratory assistants •••••••••••••••••••
Semiprofessional workers (n .e . c.) ••• • ••• • •.•• . ••••••••••
739
24
75
640
677
21
61
595
62
3
14
45
718
22
74
622
657
19
60
578
61
3
14
44
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
PROPRIETORS, MANAGERS• AND OFFICIALS (EXCEPT AGRIC. ) ••• •1----=ll=---=0..;..70-=--t----=l-=-0~5-=8-=-4-+---~48~6-+--=1=0~7-=9-=-6-+--=l=0-'-3""3-=-5-+_ _ _46~1-+----=16~1-+------=-13=1 ' - - t - - - =
20~
Building contractors......................................
1,479
1,479
1,446
1,446
17
17
Foresters, forest rangers. and timber cruisers............
314
314
306
305
1
1
10
Hucksters, peddlers, and junk and rag dealers.............
626
608
17
565
558
7
53
43
Trucking, transfer and cab companies, and garages.........
396
394
2
390
388
2
1
1
Retail dealers and managers (n.e.c.)......................
3,293
3 ,160
133
3,223
3,095
128
30
28
Other proprietors, managers. and officials................
4,963
4.629
334
4,867
4,543
32 4
49
41
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
OFFICE WORKERS ••••••••••••••.•••••.•••• • •••.••••••• ; ••• • 1-----=-18;:;.,..;:8.::.26-=--1----=l-=2 '-'9-=44
-=--1----=5 ...,8:..::8.::.
2-4-_..=lc:.8.._48=8-+--=l:.:::c
2.L6:..:8c:.6-+---=-5.L8:..:0:..::2-+---=13::..::5- --1----=ll=-=3:........+---=-=22=-Bookkeepers. accountants, and a uditors....................
3,113
2,468
645
3,084
2 ,441
643
6
5
1
2
3
44
46
46
47
48
49
60
61
62
63
64
56
66
~~=~t:r(n~=~~:r.~~.~~~~::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::
Messengers and office boys................................
Off ice machine operators..................................
Office managers and bank tellers..........................
Stenographers, stenotypists, and dictaphone operators.....
Telegraph and radio operators.............................
Telephone operators.......................................
Typists...................................................
Other clerical and allied workers.................. ... ....
8,!~
203
57
212
2,127
869
818
1,056
1,688
6,9~i
197
30
188
215
846
105
185
1,642
2 ,7 93
8
1,!:
6
27
24
1. 912
23
713
871
46
8,~~i
185
56
209
2,097
865
811
1,038
1,644
6,8i!
179
30
185
211
842
104
181
1,600
8
2 ,559
l,~~;
6
26
24
1,886
23
707
867
44
318
1
317
107
1
106
12
1
1
10
11
1
1
9
1!
8
68
8
8
1
1
3
29
1
1
1
1
28
211
211
l;
SAIESME!f AND KINDRED WORKERS ............................ 1-----=-18"""-=0-=-27'---f-----=-l-=-4'--'7-=4-=9 -+---=3 ~2'-'-7-=-8-+--=l"-7...c6c.=0..;..7-+--=1=
4~40==1-+----"3""'2"-'06'-"-+---=15:..::6---1----=12"-'8'---+_ _ _2"-'7'-Canvassers (solic i tors,
501
421
80
492
414
78
2
1
Cormnercial travelers......................................
531
5 18
13
524
511
13
2
2
llewsboys..................................................
98
91
7
90
84
6
7
6
1
Real estate agents and insurance agents...... . ............
1 , 251
1,200
51
1,214
1,166
48
24
21
3
Salesmen and saleswomen (retail stores)...................
11,294
8,347
2,947
11,040
8 ,154
2,886
68
50
18
Othe r sales persons and kindred workers...................
4,352
4,172
180
4,247
4,072
175
52
48
4
any)..............................
SKILIED WORKERS AND -FOREMEN IN BLDG. AND CONSTRUCTION. • •1---=l-=-07~0-=-30
"---lf---=l-=-07~ 0-=-30~1------+-~l~0-=-3~
.3~7-=-9-+~l~0-=-3~
. 3~7_9-+----+--~2~.2_7~8-+--2~.2
,....7,..,.8- - - t - - - Blacksmiths...............................................
6,279
6.279
6,067
6,067
121
121
Boilermakers..............................................
1,083
1,083
1,057
1,057
12
12
~:;:!~!;::. :"'.'~. ~:~~:':':':~~:::: :: :: :::::: :::::::::: :::: ::: ~::!;
3~:~~~
~~
~~
3,279
3,861
1,631
2,803
10,273
16,821
574
2,309
4,826
608
307
858
1,286
301
1,730
3 ,279
3 ,861
1, 631
2 , 803
10,273
16,821
574
2 ,309
4,826
608
307
858
1,286
301
1 ,730
363
16
13
10
178
230
27
179
75
7
5
25
8
6
33
353
16
13
10
178
230
27
179
75
7
6
25
8
6
33
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
86
86
87
SKI LIED WORKERS AND FQ.io,;ru.11 IN MFG. & OTHER INDUSTRIES • . 1----...:::..
48'-'.7.=l=--.51----=48;::..t..;•4:::8;::.6-+---=2::.::2c.:.9-+---'46:::..,,;9::..:7..:::0-+_-'46:::.._
.7'-'46:::....+---=-=22:..:4:....+---=l'-'-..:.15::..:4:_+---=l:..t•.:.15::.:2=-+-----=-CabinetJDakers ••••••••••••• , .......................... ,.,..
879
879
868
868
5
5
Cobblers and shoe repairmen........ , • • .. • .. • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •
902
897
5
839
834
5
41
41
Conductors: steam and street railroads. and buses.........
508
507
1
505
504
1
Foremen (in factories) ............................... ·.... ,
2 , 241
2, 153
88
2,190
2, 104
86
29
28
Foremen and inspectors (except in factories)..............
4,681
4,632
49
4,561
4,512
49
53
53
Locomotive engineers and firemen..........................
3, 606
3 ,606
3,472
3 ,472
102
102
Machinists, millwrights, and toolmakers...................
6,255
6,256
6,142
6,142
58
58
11eohanics (n.e.c.)........................................
17,690
17,690
17,163
17 ,163
316
316
Holders, founders, and casters (metal)....................
2,11 1
2, 111
1,969
1,969
113
113
Sawyers...................................................
4,180
4 ,180
3,821
3,821
294
294
Skilled workers in printing and engraving.................
895
851
44
875
832
43
5
5
Tailors and furriers......................................
275
247
28
245
219
26
20
19
Tinsmiths and coppersmiths................................
733
733
719
719
7
7
Het&l workers (except gold and silver) (n.e.c. ) .. • . .. • ....
963
963
919
919
30
30
Skilled workers in mfg. and othe r industries (n.e.c.).....
2,796
2 ,782
14
2,682
2 , 668
14
81
81
88
89
90
<>JSn,SKlLu,.u WORKERS IN BUILDING AND CONSTRUCTION ••..••• •1--~6_:::.8,__:
,2::.::9:..:.7- + -~6c,:.8..:.
, 2::.: 9:. :_7-+_ _ __:__+-___..:6::..!4.._3:::_40~+---=6e...:4:,.;::.340~+ - - -Apprentices in building and construction..................
177
177
170
170
.Aaphalt workers...........................................
40
40
22
22
Blasters (exc&pt in mines).... .. ................... .. .....
1, 05 7
1, 057
1,006
1,005
Caisson workers •••••••••• ••...............................
27
27
27
27
Calkers.......... .................................... .....
99
99
81
81
Firemen (except locomotive and fire department)...........
6,59 1
6 , 591
5,909
5,909
91
92
93
94
1
Includes economic head s 16 through 64 years of age .
For qualifications of these statistics, see statement on page 18.
white, Negro, other. and unknown color or race.
'Not elsewhere classified.
2
J Includes
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
3,705
3,908
1,652
2,852
10,554
17,247
602
2 , 537
4,970
626
316
88 7
1,311
311
1,781
3~:~~~
67
68
69
70
71
66
66 .
3 ,706
3,908
1,652
2,852
10,554
17 , 247
602
2.537
4,970
626
316
88 7
1, 311
311
1, 781
~::!;
Cement finishers..........................................
Electricians..............................................
Foremen: construction (exc&pt road).......................
Foremen: road and street construction........... . .........
Operators or engine e rs: stat•y and port. constr. equip't..
Painters (not in facto ry).................................
Paper hangers.............................................
Plasterers................................................
Plumbers, ga s and steam fitters ••.•••••••• •• •••. .• •• , •••••
Roofers ........................................... . ...... .
Sheet metal workers ............. ... ...................... .
Stonecutters and oarwrs ••...•••.••.•...••..•..•..•.•..•..
Structural iron and s teel workers ••••• . .••••••••••••••••••
Sette rs: marble, st one, and ·tile ........................ ..
othe r skilled workers in building and con struction •..•..•.
67
68
69
60
61
62
63
64
-f---=2:..t-"-"-mT1'--!----'Z::..c:8.:::.0'l'--ll-----4
4
15
15
23
23
17
599
17
59 9
25
ECONOMIC HEADS-OCCUPATION
TABLE IS-ECONOMIC HEADS OF FAMILIES ON RELIEF IN RURAL AREAS, BY USUAL OCCUPATION, COLOR, AND SEX, FOR
THE UNITED STATES: MARCH 1935-Continued
TOTAL
WHI TE
NEGRO
USUAL OCCUPATION
TOTAL
MALE
5, 875
389
518
47 , 376
1 , 490
4 , 658
5 , 875
389
518
47 , 376
1 , 490
4 ,6 58
FfflALE
TOTAL
MALE
5,577
357
596
45 , 009
1,4 57
4 , 220
5, 577
357
506
45 , 009
1,457
4 , 220
Fl!J1ALE
95
96
97
98
99
100
SEl'IISKILLED WORKERS Ill Bl.DG. AllD CONSTRUCTION - Cont.
Operators of building and construction equipment .• • • • ••••
Pipelayers •••••••••••.••••••••••••••••••••••••• •• •••••••••
Rodman and chainmen ( surveying) •••••• • • • •••••••••••••••• •
Truck and tractor drivers ............................... .
Welders •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• • •••••••••••
Othe r semiskilled worke rs in building and construction •••
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
SEMI SKILLED WORKERS IN MFG. AND OTHER I!IDUSTRIES .• • •••• t--=l;.;.3~8.._,
.9,i,2.,,,.0-+--=l::.::2~1.t.;9;.,:,7.;;.6-+--=l;;:;6...:9:c;4;,:
4-+-'l::.::2~8i;
. 8;;.;9:.,,7-+-'l"-'la;,3.1.:0;;.;5;;:9,--4_...:l::.::5cc.;
83;.:;8;......i_
Be.lee r s ••••••••••• ••·••·•·····••·"•................ . .....
1,278
1 ,2 39
39
1, 243
1,207
36
Brakemen (railroad)........................... .. ...... . ..
2 , 282
2 , 282
2 , 205
2 , 205
Deliverymen .......... ••••• • ••• ....... •••• ........... •••••
2 ,4 29
2 ,429
2 , 138
2 ,1 38
Dressmakers and mi ll iners •••••••••••••••• · · ··• · ·•···•·•·•
9,583
138
9,445
8 ,97 7
128
8 , 849
Filers , gr i n de r s, buffe rs, s.nd polishers (metal ) .........
1,954
1,943
11
1,900
1,890
10
Furnacemen , heaters, smeltermen, etc. (metal working)....
827
827
73 2
732
Guards, watchmen, and do orkeepers (ex cept railroad) . . ....
1 , 757
1 ,7 54
3
1 , 666
1,663
3
Handicra f t workers : textile, wood, leather, metal, etc ...
201
135
66
1 59
109
50
Inside workers: mines....................................
51, 107
51 ,107
47 , 360
47 , 360
-
111
112
113
114
Operatives (n . e.c .) in mfg. and all ie d industries ....... .
Chemical and alli ed i n dustries ........................ .
Cigar , cigarette , and tob ac c o factories ............... .
Cl ay , glass, and s tone indu str ies ••••••••••••••••••••••
50 , 445
1,350
540
3 , 916
43 ,43 8
1,262
351
3 , 841
7 , 007
88
189
75
46 , 761
1, 217
480
3 , 286
40 , 218
1 ,1 31
309
3 , 215
6 , 543
86
171
Clothing industries .................................. ..
Shirt , collar and cuff facto r ies ................... ..
Suit, coat, s.nd dress f a ctories ..................... .
Clothin g indu s tries (n.e.c.) ....... . ................ .
1 , 897
399
471
1, 02 7
495
92
12 5
278
1 , 402
307
346
749
1 , 841
395
444
1, 002
470
91
110
269
115
116
117
118
TOTAL
HALE
216
23
6
1,551
13
340
_...:7~
09;;6;...-i_
17
49
24 9
362
37
62
65
4
2 , 602
FmALE
216
23
6
1,551
13
340
__.:6:..i.::.35;:.:6;.....i_ _.....!.74
= .;0~
14
3
49
249
357
5
l
36
62
65
4
2 ,602
2 , 341
119
37
224
367
l
17
71
2 ,708
120
54
224
1,371
304
334
73 3
30
15
15
17
13
1 57
119
Elect r ic light a nd power plants .................... ., ..
267
267
261
261
1 20
121
122
123
Food and beverage industries ................ . ....... .,.
Bake ries ............................................ .
Slaughter and meat packing houses ••••••••••••.•••••••
Food and beverage industr i es (n.e.o. ) ............... .
4 , 464
190
987
3 , 287
3 ,311
161
860
2 , 290
1,153
29
127
99 7
3 , 916
183
874
2 , 859
2 , 946
154
760
2 , 032
970
29
114
82 7
461
94
361
304
6
82
216
124
126
126
127
128
129
Iron and steel, mach i nery , and vehicle indust r ie s ••••••
Aut omobile factories ............................... ..
Automobile r epair shops • ., .................... . .... . .
Blast fu rnaces and steel roll i ng mills •••••••••••••••
Car and railroad shops .............................. .
I ron and stee l , machinery, & vehicle ind's (n.e.c.) ••
10, 248
3,175
213
1, 213
1,942
3,705
10,157
3,136
213
1 , 203
1 ,941
3 , 664
91
39
9 , 780
3 ,087
201
l, 121
1 , 88 7
3 , 484
89
37
10
l
41
9 , 869
3 ,124
201
1,131
1, 888
3 , 525
10
l
41
308
33
10
71
35
159
307
32
10
71
35
159
130
131
132
133
134
Laundries and d ry cleaning e stab lishment s ••••••• • ••••••
Lumbe r and furniture industries ...................... .,
Metal i ndustries ( except iron and s teel ) •••••••••••••••
Paper , printing, and allied i n dustries •••• •• •••••••••••
Shoe f acto r ie s •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••
1, 253
7,781
9 56
1,640
1, 286
605
7,631
899
1, 506
l, 105
648
1 50
57
1 34
181
992
6 , 941
879
1,581
1,266
495
6 ,79 9
825
1,456
1 , 086
497
142
54
125
180
217
740
16
45
94
733
15
36
9
123
135
136
137
138
Textile industries .................................... .
Cotton mill s ••••••• •• •••••••••••••••••••••••••• •• • •••
Woolen and wor sted mills ........................... ..
Te xtile i n dus tries (n. e . c .) ......... . .............. ..
9 ,7 52
4,941
804
4 , 007
7 , 300
3 ,790
630
2 , 880
2 ,4 52
1 ,1 51
174
1 ,1 27
9 , 567
4 , 848
796
3, 923
7 , 150
3 , 709
625
2 , 8 16
2,417
1,139
171
1 ,107
129
73
25
10
52
104
63
2
39
6
9
4
12
145
7
l
9
2
13
139
Mis c . and not specified manuf a ctu r i n g i ndust r ie s .......
5,09 5
4 ,708
387
4 , 665
4 , 295
370
351
340
11
140
141
142
143
Painte r s , v arni s he rs, enamel ers, etc . (factory) ........ ..
Switchmen, flagmen , and yardmen ( railroad ) •• • •••••••• , •• ,
Taxi c ab dr ive r s , bu s drive rs, and chauffeurs ............ .
Other se mi skille d wo r ke r s in mfg. and other industries •••
1 , 366
1 , 260
2 , 215
12 , 216
1,355
1, 260
2 , 203
11 , 866
11
1,334
1,198
1 , 883
11 , 341
1,323
1 , 198
1 , 871
11 , 017
11
15
52
308
566
15
52
308
554
12
144
145
146
147
148
149
UNSKILLED LABORERS (EXCEPT IN AGRICULTURE ) ............ •r--'2'-:2":'-2.L-;2:-':8'::-7-+--'2"':2;'."l.._,2:-:0"c8-+-----"l"-0::-:7:-c:9-+--"-'18:":9"-4~0~6-+--"-'18c-:8~67::-c5c...f----='73~l,-+_ _2!::.3! ~60
! e.al;...4_~
2 3~2~71;...4_ _~3~
30~
Labore r s in manufacturing and allied industries..........
35 ,917
35 , 524
393
29 , 228
28 , 883
345
5 , 865
5 , 818
47
Clay, glass, and s t one industrie s ... . ..................
6 , 273
6 , 259
14
5 , 347
5 , 335
12
765
763
2
I r on and steel , machine ry, and vehicle industries......
5,71 5
5 ,701
14
4,974
4 ,960
14
651
651
Lumber and f urniture indus t ries........... . ............
12 ,372
12 , 334
38
9 , 556
9 , 526
30
2,59.6
2 , 588
8
Other manufactu r ing and all ie d i ndust ries..............
11,557
11, 230
327
9 , 351
9 , 062
289
1,853
1,816
37
150
1 51
1 52
1 53
154
1 55
156
Labore rs except in mfg. and alli .e d industrie s ••••••••••••
Mines, quarries , and oil and gas wells ............ . .. ..
Odd jobs (general) .................................... .
Rai lroads ( ste am and street) ............. . ............ .
Roads , st r eets, and sewe rs •••....•••....••..•...... •• ••
Stores ( i n cluding porte r s in s t ores) •••••••••••••••••••
Laborers and helpers (n.e.c.) in bldg. and c onst ... ••••
157
Long shoremen and ste vedores ••••••.•••••••.•••••••••••.•
1 58
159
160
161
Lumbermen , raftsmen, and woodchoppe rs •••• •••• ••••••••••
St reet cle ane r s, garbage men, and scavenl'.e rs • • •••.•••••
Teamste r s and draymen ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••
Othe r laborers , except mfg . and allied ind ' s (n.e.c.) ••
186 ,370
17,737
48 ,391
21, 248
35,542
2 ,94 9
20 , 545
400
16 , 275
186
9 , 118
13,979
185,684
17,737
47 , 779
21,246
35,542
2 ,936
20 ,545
400
16,275
186
9 , 118
13,920
12
350
686
61 2
2
13
59
160, 178
16, 297
39 ,19 3
18 ,183
31,108
2,473
17,684
307
14 , 814
139
8 , 248
11,732
159 , 792
16,297
38 , 857
18,183
31,108
2,464
17,684
307
14 , 814
139
8, 248
11 ,691
12
324
386
33 6
17,736
1,024
6 ,176
41
2 ,962
388
2 , 06 3
86
706
41
540
1 , 474
2, 216
17,453
1,024
5 ,913
2 , 274
2 ,96 2
386
2 , 063
86
706
41
540
1,458
283
263
2
16
16 2
l 63
164
165
166
167
168
169
170
171
172
173
174
175
DOMESTIC AND PER SONAL SERVICE WORKERS ••••••••••••••••• • t---=4-"'8..,5a.:a3.:.4-+---"l-=4.,_,9'-"1""3-+---"3"'3-"F.._,2,._.l-+---'3"'3"-9""'4"'8'-+-~1...,1...."'
.o. 9""5'-+---'2,_.2:.o.:,;45""'-3+--1='3~3.w70a!..4---'3~0!,!,61~--A.:l0:t.,.,!.3!:!.09LBarber and b eauty shop wo r ke rs...........................
2 , 584
2 , 420
164
2 , 399
2, 257
142
123
101
22
Bootblacks •••••••• .,......................................
100
99
l
46
45
l
54
54
Cleane rs and charwomen...................................
1,056
99
95 7
717
69
648
311
24
287
Cooks and che fs (except in pr ivate f amily)...............
5 , 289
3 , 658
1,631
4 , 381
3 , 0 38
1,343
813
550
26 3
Elev a t or ope r ators .......................................
207
193
14
174
164
10
?9
26
J anitors, care te.ke rs, and sextons........................
3,148
2 , 864
284
2 , 318
2, 150
168
766
654
ll2
Laund r esses (not in laundry).............................
6,1 58
93
6, 065
2, 361
38
2, 323
3 ,6 59
51
3,60 8
Porters ( ',lxcept in s tore s ).................... .. .........
4 59
456
3
94
93
l
357
355
2
Pract ic al nurses, h ospital attendants, and orderlies .....
2 ,790
394
2 ,396
2, 562
372
2 ,190
207
18
189
Servants (hotels, •boarding houses , etc . ) (n.e .c.)........
1,172
572
600
880
407
4 73
242
137
105
5 , 107
Servants (private family) •••••••••• •••••••·•"··•·••""'
15,274
531
14,743
9,505
275
9 , 230
5, 349
242
Waiters , wait r e sses , and bartenders ......... ·••••·•• • ••"
2 , 590
9 52
1 ,6 38
2, 34 9
775
1, 574
193
163
30
Other domestic and pe r sonal se rvice worke rs........... . ..
7,707
2, 582
5,125
6 , 162
1,812
4 , 350
1, 267
686
581
176
177
178
179
FARM OPERATORS AND LABORERS ............................ t---=6""-40~,.":3'=6=-7-+---=6:.::
2.:::.3..,9:..,:l-"'8-+---"l.::.
6._4..,,4.;.
9-+-----'5"-"5"'
8.._7...,5"'0-+----'5"-'5'-"
i0.._.7...,8"'9-+----'7..a.•9,c,6'-=l--+---'6:!.!a0~ 95:!.!aO!.--l---'5>!.!2:.&..!..73e.,8"-4---'8~ 2~
1 2,__
Fe.rm .foremen, manage r s, and overseer s.. ...... . ...........
1,453
1, 422
31
1, 402
1,371
31
23
23
Farm laborers............................................
263 ,573
251, 295
12 , 278
214, 501
209, 510
4,991
35,575
28 ,4 87
7 , 088
Farmers.................................................. 375 ,341
371 , 201
4,140
342 , 847
339 ,908
2 ,939
25 , 352
24,2 28
1 ,124
180
181
182
INEXPERIENCED PERSONS •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• , • •• t---.::.
66,._-a.::9.::.3=..8-+---=l=..
9 a.::2:.:.7.::.6-+--_,4"-7._,6..,.6""2-+---"5""9.._,5e:,4c:c9-+---"l"7"'-'l:.s8:,::5-+--'4"'2• 3"-'6""4'-+----"5~ 01:al'---1,_--'lu.ae.l7!.>5!.--l----'3~83e.,6,!.._
Persons 16- 24 years of a ge ( inclusive) ...................
27,664
15 ,303
12, 361
25 , 191
14, 045
11,146
1 ,70 7
858
849
Pe r sons 25 years of age and over ....................... ••
39,274
3,973
35,301
34 ,3 58
3 ,140
31 , 218
3,304
317
2 ,987
183
UNKNOWN OCCUPATI ON •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• •,
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
28 918
24 844
4 . 0 74
20 328
17 588
2 740
l.343
l.107
236
26
WORKERS ON RELIEF-UNITED STATES
TABLE 16-ECONOMIC HEADS' OF FAMILIES ON RELlEF, BY CLASS OF USUAL OCCUPATION, AGE, AND SEX, FOR THE UNITED
STATES:2 MARCH 1935
CLASS OF USUAL OCCUPATION, AND SEX
16 AND 17
YEA.RS
TOTAL
18 AND 19
YEARS
20
YEARS
21 TO 24
YEARS
25 TO 34
YEARS
35 TO 44
YEARS
46 TO 54
YEARS
56 TO 6-4
YEARS
TOTAL, ................ , ...... ... , 4,158 , 477
Professional and technioal workers ••••• : ••••••••••••••••••••
61,743
Proprietors, managers, and official s ( except e.gricul ture) •••
72 , 613
Office worke rs •••• • •••••••••••••••••••••• • ••••••••• • ••••••••
145 , 308
Salesmen and kindred workers ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••
123,480
Skilled workers and foremen in building and construction,.,.
464 , 509
Skilled workers and foremen in mfg. and other industries ••••
222 , 653
Semiskilled workers in building and construction ••••••••••• ,
277,351
Semiskilled workers in mfg. and othe r industries ••••••••••••
644 , 601
Unskilled le.borers ( except e.gricul ture) ......... •••••.....• ,
747,127
Domestic and personal service workers ••••••••••••••••••• • •••
340 , 980
Fa:rm. operator s ••••• , • •••••••••••••••••••••••• • ••••••••••••••
422,152
Fat,n laborers •••••••••••••••••••••••• • ••••••••••••••••••••••
347,900
Inexpsrienoed persons ................................ . .......
167 , 292
UnklloWll occupation•• • ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• • • ••••••••
120 768
42,349
59
28
778
777
124
1 58
423
2, 234
4 ,637
2, 809
1,072
7,859
19 ,46 3
1 928
102,664
482
207
4 , 707
3,510
931
890
3 , 240
9 , 631
17,351
8,004
3,902
17 , 694
27 ,907
4 208
64,588
527
220
3 , 698
2, 738
1 , 001
1 , 097
3 , 592
7,784
12,173
5,254
3 , 489
10 , 571
9 , 742
2 702
357 , 262
5,206
1 , 618
19 , 082
13,183
12,713
11 , 062
31,096
53 , 886
68 , 663
26 , 812
30 , 050
52,742
19, 690
11 459
1,085,927
17, 942
10 ,701
47 , 886
30 , 370
96 , 595
56 , 437
105,725
176 ,306
187,150
85 , 076
114 , 520
101 ,101
23,826
32 292
1,123 , 438
17,491
24,413
37,983
34,939
146 , 887
73 , 086
77,525
183,774
187,671
93 , 547
118,353
69 , 702
26 ,544
31 523
901 , 741
13,143
22 ,9 55
21 , 378
24 , 970
134,502
54 , 576
40 , 558
141,094
173 , 071
76 , 856
97 ,011
54 , 540
23 , 288
23 , 799
480,508
6 ,893
12,471
· 9, 796
12 , 993
71 ,756
25 , 347
15,192
69 , 892
96 , 411
42 , 622
53 , 755
33,691
16 , 832
12, 857
HALE .......................... ,,. 3,606 ,740
29 , 359
26
25
402
542
124
155
423
1 , 300
4 , 570
520
1 , 053
7 ,37 5
11,614
1.230
75,954
274
202
1,821
2,377
931
871
3,240
6,330
17,171
2 , 095
3,839
16,975
17 , 035
2 . 793
50 , 543
• 301
214
1 , 783
1,924
1 , 001
1,085
3, 592
5 , 527
12 , 063
1,750
3,462
10,215
5,717
1 , 909
305 , 844
3 , 197
1,553
11, 869
10,215
1 2,713
10,934
31,096
44,133
68 ,1 67
11 , 971
29 , 904
51 , 337
10 , 056
8 , 699
952 , 831
12 , 608
10,326
33 , 857
24,558
96 , 595
56 ,065
105 , 725
149 ,3 56
186 , 071
37 , 474
113 , 654
97 ,448
·3,879
25 , 215
978 , 987
12,334
23,463
27 , 450
28 , 061
146 , 887
72 , 477
77 , 525
154 , 228
1 86 ,71 6
39 , 780
116,825
65 , 923
2 , 444
24 , 874
793,541
9 , 757
21 , 958
17,032
20 , 296
134, 502
54 , 163
40,558
120,654
172,46'1
33,863
95 ,716
51,667
2 ,1 75
18 , 733
419 , 681
5 , 083
11 , 955
8 , 292
10 , 908
71,756
25 ,163
15,192
59,045
96 , 086
19 , 551
53 , 064
31,952
1 , 720
9 , 914
12 , 990
33
26,710
208
5
2,886
1,133
14 , 045
226
6
1,915
814
51 , 418
2, 009
65
7,213
2,968
133 , 096
5 , 334
375
14 , 029
5 ,81 2
144, 451
5 ,157
950
10,533
6 ,878
108 , 200
~ , 386
997
4,346
4 , 674
60,827
l,tHU
516
1,504
2,085
19
12
128
372
609
413
184
3,301
180
5,909
63
719
10,872
1,415
2,257
110
3 , 504
27
356
4 , 025
793
9 , 753
496
14 , 841
146
1,405
9 , 634
2,760
26 , 950
1 , 079
47,602
866
3 , 653
19 ,947
7 , 077
29 , 546
955
53,76 7
1 , 528
3 , 779
24 , 100
6,649
20 , 440
604
42 , 993
1,295
2 , 873
21,113
5,066
10, 847
325
23 ,071
691
1 , 739
15,112
2 , 943
Profes s i onal and technical worker s ,. , ••••••••••• •.•••.. •••••
Proprietor s , mane.gars, and official s ( except agriculture) .. ,
Office workers •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• • • • •
Salesmen and kindred workers ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••
Skilled workers and foremen in building and construction,.,.
Skilled workers and foremen i n mfg. and ot her industries ,,.,
Semiskilled workers in building and construction ••••••••••••
Semiskilled workers in mfg. and other industries , •••••••••••
Unskilled le.borers ( except e.griculture ) ,. • .•••..•. • •.••.... ,
Domestic and personal serv-ioe workers •••••••••••••••• ••• ••••
Farm. operators ••• •••• • •••• •••••••• •••••••••••••••• •••.••••••
Farm. laborers •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• • •• • • • • ••
Inexperienced persons ••••••••••••••••• • •••••••••••••••••••••
Unkllown occupation••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• • ••••••
43 , 580
69 , 696
102 , 506
98 , 881
464,509
220,913
277 ,351
540,573
743 ,311
147 , 004
417 , 517
332 , 892
54,640
93 367
FEMALE, • •••.••. ·•· .• · ••• ···•·•·· •
Professional and teohnioal worker s ••••••••••••••••••••••••••
Proprietors, me.ne.ge rs, and offici al s (except e.grioulture) .,,
Office workers ••••••••••••• • ••••••• • ••••••••••••••••••••••••
Salesmen e.nd kindred workers,. .................. , •• ••.•••• • •
Skilled workers and foremen in building and constru ction ••••
Ski1led workers and foremen in mfg. and other industrie s , ..•
Semiskilled workers in building and construction ••• , ••••• , , ,
Semiskilled workers in mfg. and other industries ••••• •• •••••
Unskilled le.borers (except e.gricultur<>),., ••••• •• •• •••••• ...
Domestic and personal se r vice workers •••• • ••••••••••••••••••
FB.rm operat or s··• ••••• ••••••••••••••••••••• r••• •••••••••••••••
Farm. labore rs ••••••••••• • •••••••••••••• • ••••••••••••• • • •••••
Inexperience d persons ••••••••••• •• ••••••••••••••••• •• •••• •• •
UnklloWil occupation••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• • ••••••••
551 , 737
18,163
2,917
42 , 802
24,599
-
1,740
104 , 028
3,816
193,97 6
4,635
15 , 008
112,652
27 ,401
3
376
235
3
-
934
67
2,289
19
484
7 , 849
698
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
~Includes white, Negro , other, and unknown color or r&ce .
1For que.l ifice.ti on; of thi,s_e statistics, see statement on pe.ge 18.
TABLE 17-WIDTE ECONOMIC HEADS OF FAl\tllLlES ON RELlEF, BY CLASS OF USUAL OCCUPATION, AGE, AND SEX, FOR THE
UNITED STATES:' MARCH 1935
CLASS OF USUAL OCCUPATION, .AND SEX
TOTAL
16 .AND 17
YEARS
18 AND 19
YEARS
20
YEARS
21 TO 24
YEARS
25 TO 34
YEARS
35 TO 44
YEARS
46 .TO 64
YEARS
55 TO 64
YEARS
TOTAL ......... . ......... . ........ 3 , 408 , 721
54 , 803
Professional and technical workers ... ., .... . ................
68 , 469
Proprietors, managers, and officia ls (except e.gricul ture) .. ,
Office workers ••••••••••••••• •••••••• " ••••••••••••• •• •••••••
138 , 808
Salesmen and kindred worke rs •••• • ••••••••••••••••••••••••• • •
118 , 282
Skilled worker s and . f oreme n in building and construction, • ••
432 , 567
Skilled workers e.nd foremen in mfg. and other industr ies ••••
207 , 780
Semiskilled worke rs i n building and construction •• •• ••••••••
238 , 474
Semiskilled workers in mfg. and othe r industries •..•.. . ..•••
563 ,738
538 , 909
Unskilled le.borers (ex cept e.grioulture) , .•• •• , ••. ••••• • •••••
Domestic and personal s ervice workers .. . ........ . ......... . ..
176 , 139
Farm opera.tors, .•. .• • •.•••••.•.••.•.•••..••••.....•.•...•.• ,
383, 309
Fam. laborers ••••••••••••••••••••••••••• • • • • • •••••••• • •• • •••
273 , 484
Inexperienced persons •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• •
141,340
72 61 9
Unkllown occupation •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• • •••• •·•.
34 , 181
55
24
730
707
110
145
360
1,802
3, 418
1 ,733
905
6,020
16 , 903
1 269
84 , 116
397
175
4,501
3,257
868
800
2,929
8 , 186
13,61 8
4 , 891
3,405
14, 298
24 ,3 83
2 408
53,081
436
190
3, 531
2, 574
929
1,036
3 , 275
6 ,6 21
9 , 580
3,016
3 ,1 29
8 ,773
8 , 431
1 560
292 , 745
4 , 525
1,423
18,135
1 2 , 352
11 , 884
10, 300
28 , 136
46 ,046
52 , 486
12 , 807
27 , 394
43 , 913
16,621
6 723
876 , 806
15 ,7 22
10 , 001
45,354
28,809
90 ,331
52 , 116
92 ,5 82
150,783
130, 067
35,802
105 , 078
81 , 747
19 , 006
19 408
912,512
15,540
23 , 045
36 ,412
33 , 719
136,126
67 , 545
65 ,121
159 , 666
127 ,005
47,065
108,199
52 , 867
21, 756
18 446
749 , 290
11 , 827
21 , 804
20 , 644
24 , 224
124 , 950
51 , 570
33 , 548
126 , 660
127,852
43 , 754
87 , 557
40 , 7 15
19 , 592
14 593
405 , 990
6 , 301
11,807
9 ,501
12 , 640
67,369
24 , 268
12 , 523
63 , 974
74 , 883
27 ,071
47 , 642
25 , 151
14 , 648
8 , 212
HALE ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 3 , 030 , 548
Professional and technical workers •..•• , ••••••••••••••..•• • •
38,995
managers,
and
offioie.ls (except agriculture) •• ,
Proprietors,
65 , 866
Office workers ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••
97 , 838
Salesmen and kindred worker3 , . ..............................
94,679
Skilled worke rs e.nd foremen in building and construction. , ••
432,567
Skilled workers and foremen in mfg. and othe r industries ••••
206 , 139
Semiskilled workers in building and construction, ••••••••• ,,
238,474
Semiskilled workers in mfg. e.nd other industrie s ........... ,
479 , 864
Unskilled laborers ( except agriculture),. .................. ,
536 , 443
Domestic and personal ser-vice worker s •••••••••••••••••••••••
86 , 111
380 , 040
Farm. operators •••••••••••• • ••••••••••••••••••••• • •••••• •• • • •
26 7,6 27
Farm laborers •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••
Inexperienced persons ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• .• •••••••
46,403
59 ,51 2
Unknown oooupation. •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• ~
23 ,753
24
21
367
490
110
142
360
977
3 ,3 80
227
892
5 , 813
10 ,136
816
62 , 636
232
171
1 , 726
2 , 173
868
782
2 , 929
5 ,284
13,493
1 ,1 52
3 ,358
13 , 936
14,920
1 612
42 , 136
247
184
1 , 703
1,791
929
1 ,024
3,275
4 , 683
9 ,513
964
3,111
8 , 600
4,983
1 129
256,303
2,807
1,370
11 , 276
9 , 550
11 , 884
10 , 178
28,136
38 , 188
52 ,143
5 , 955
27 , 299
43 , 329
8 , 711
5 477
793 , 833
11 , 290
9, 667
32 ,131
23 , 316
90 , 331
51 ,7 76
92 ; 582
130 , 586
129, 405
18, 715
104,482
80 , 228
2,999
16 325
816 ,1 25
10 , 984
22 ,189
26 , 210
27 , 084
136,126
66 , 964
65_, 121
136,425
126 ,375
23 , 103
107 ,094
51 , 348
1 , 711
15 391
674 , 918
8 , 788
20 , 916
16 , 409
19,679
1 24,950
51 ,181
33 , 548
109,495
127,467
22 , 345
86 , 626
39 , 683
1 , 630
12 201
360 , 844
4 , 623
11 , 338
8 , 016
10,596
67 , 369
24 , 092
12 , 523
54 , 226
74,667
13, 650
47 , 178
24 , 690
1 ,314
6 562
378,173
15,808
2 ,613
40 ,970
23 ,603
10,428
31
3
363
217
21,480
166
4
2 ,775
1,084
10,945
189
6
1 , 828
78 3
36 , 44 2
1,718
53
6 , 859
2, 802
82 , 973
4 , 432
334
13,223
5 , 493
96 ,387
4 , 556
856
10 , 202
6 , 635
74 ,372
3 , 039
888
4 , 235
4 , 545
45 ,146
1 , 678
469
1, 485
2,044
1,641
3
18
12
122
340
581
389
176
38
1,506
13
207
6,768
454
2 , 902
125
3 , 739
47
36 2
9,463
796
1,938
67
2 , 052
18
173
3 ,448
431
7 , 858
343
6 , 852
95
584
7,910
1,246
20 , 197
662
17 , 087
596
1 , 519
16, 007
3, 083
23 , 241
630
23 ,962
1 ,105
1 , 519
20 ,045
3,055
17 , 165
385
21,409
931
1 , 032
17 , 962
2,39 2
9 , 748
216
1 3 , 421
464
461
13,334
1, 650
FEMALE, .............. . .......... ,
Professional e.nd technical workers, •••• , ••••••••••••••.••.••
Proprietors, managers, e.nd officials (except agriculture) ...
0.ffioe workers •• ••• ••••••••••• ••• .................... •• ••••• •
Salesmen and kindred workers •••••••••••••••••••••••••• • •••• •
Skilled workers and foremen in building e.nd construction,,•.
Slcilled workers e.nd foremen in mfg. e.nd other industries, •••
Semiskilled workers in building e.nd construction, •••• , •••• ,,
Semiskilled workers in mfg. and other industries, .......... •
UD.ekilled laborer,, ( except agrioulture) ......... , ..... , .•• ,.
Domestic and personal senioe workers ••••••••••••••••••• " •• •
Fara operators ••••••••••••••••• ••• •••••••••••••••••••••••• ••
Farm laborers •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••
Inexperienced persona •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••
Unlcnown oooupation. •••• , ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••
1
83 , 874
2,466
90,028
3,269
5,857
94,937
13 ,107
Fcr qua.lifica.tions of these s t at istics , s ee statement on pe.ge 18.
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
-
826
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
..
ECONOMIC HEADS-CLASS OF OCCUPATION AND AGE
27
TABLE 18-NEGRO ECONOMIC HEADS OF FAMILIES ON RELIEF, BY CLASS OF USUAL OCCUPATION, AGE, AND SEX, FOR THE
UNITED STATES:' MARCH 1935
CLASS OF USUAL OCCUPATION, AND SEX
TOTAL
16 AND 17
18 AND 19
20
YEARS
YEARS
YEARS
21 TO 24
YEARS
25 TO 34
YEARS
35 TO 44
YEARS
45 TO 54
YEARS
55 TO 64
YEARS
TOTAL •••••••••••••••••• •• •• • •• •••
602 , 28 4
6 ,604
14, 056
8 , 587
49 ,71 7
166,758
170 , 544
124 , 526
61 , 492
Prof es siona.l and technical worke r s •••••••••••••••••••••••••• t---,,5 ""',8;-,4"'"7-+----,4 --+- ---,,7=
5--+-----,6"'7- - + - - -5""'8""6---t--.,.l-,8,...,6...,4---t------,,l-,""'
61...,3,---i-~1,-,.....,,.1
;;4~1 - - - ~
:,=o4
- ,-Pro prietor s , managers, and officials (except agricu l tu r e) ...
3 , 276
3
28
28
180
543
1 , 085
909
500
Office worke r s ... ••• •• •• ............................... •••••
4 ,775
31
134
109
677
1,957
1,152
528
187
Sale smen and kindred worke r s • •• • ••••• ............. ••••••••••
3 , 25 1
46
163
97
522
958
780
449
236
Skilled workers and foreme n in building and construction....
24 , 8 1 3
10
45
52
567
4 , 622
8 , 324
7 , 626
3 , 56 7
Skilled wo rke rs and foreme n in mfg . and other indust r ies... .
11, 825
9
77
44
547
3 , 418
4,494
2 , 410
826
Semiskilled workers in buil d ing and construction............
33 , 279
54
235
253
2 , 259
10 , 8 47
10 , 904
6 , 301
2 ,426
Semi ski lled wo r kers in mfg. and othe r i ndu st ries ............
67 , 445
372
1,15 1
958
6 , 446
21 , 299
20 ,178
12 , 089
4 , 95 2
175 , 696
1, 026
2 , 953
2 , 041
13,105
47 , 471
51 , 445
38 , 742
18 , 9 13
Unskilled la.borers (exce pt agricu lture ) ... ..... .............
Domestic and pe r sonal servic e worke r s ....... ... .............
157,047
980
2 , 849
2 , 072
13 , 16 1
47 , 000
44 , 355
31 , 993
14 , 637
Fa.rm opera.to r s ...... . ... . ............ . ............. .. .......
30 , 543
158
403
284
2 , 074
7 ,178
7 , 837
7 , 524
5 , 085
Fa.rm la.borers •••••••••••·•••••••••· • ••••••••••••• •••• •••••••
50 , 38 7
1,591
2 , 546
1, 257
5 , 8 44
12 , 117
10, 970
9 , 413
6 , 64S
Inexperienced pe r sons .......................... . ... .. . .... . .
21 , 285
2,1 83
2, 956
1,053
2 ,456
3 , 87 7
3 , 886
3 , 076
1, 798
Unknown occupati on •••••••••• • ••••••• ••••.•• •••••• •••.• •• •• •• t--_1_2 ~8_1_5_ _ _ _1~3_7--+_ _ _4_4_1--+_ _ _2_7_2--+--l~
. 2_ 9_3_ _ _3.,_,6_ 0_7- - t - -3~,._
5 2_1---it--- 2~ 33_ 2_,1---1~ 2_12_
!1ALE •• •••••••••••••••••••••••••••
449 , 932
4,5 35
9 , 971
6 , 159
37 , 227
122 , 158
127 , 800
94 , 278
47 , 804
Professional and technical worke r s •••• • ••••••••••••••••• •••• t----::3 ,'--=5"'
5-=5 -+--'---=2 -+--.C.......,3""
4-+--.C.......,3"'3- + - - -3=-=1c::3-+------::1-'-,""
02::-::1---+------:1-'-,-=06::-:
. 3:---lf------,,8 ,,.-,12:---lf------,,
3-,,,
87. -Propriet o r s , managers , and off ic ial s (exc ept agriculture) ...
3 , 006
3
27
28
173
508
1 , 002
807
458
Office workers ••••• •••••••.•••••• ••••• ••• •• •••••••••••• ••• ••
3 , 393
24
63
54
428
1 , 296
910
446
1 72
Sale smen and kindr ed workers ••••• ••••• • •••••••••••• • ••••• •..
2 , 6 72
38
145
89
441
771
6 15
366
207
Skilled worke r s and fo r emen in bu ild ing and const ruct ion •• •.
24 , 8 13
10
45
52
56 7
4 , 622
8 , 324
7 , 626
3 , 56 7
Skilled wo r ke r s and fo r emen in mfg . and othe r industries .•..
11,750
9
76
44
5 42
3 , 391
4 ,471
2 , 39 4
823
Semiskilled wo rker s in bui l d ing and const r uct ion ••• • ••••• •..
33 , 279
54
235
253
2 , 259
10 , 8 47
10 , 904
6 , 301
2 , 426
Semisk illed wo r ke r s in mfg . and othe r indu s t ries • •• •· •• •••·.
50 , 0 18
290
888
701
4 , 911
15, 329
14, 666
9 , 250
3 , 983
Unski lled la.borers ( exc e pt agr icultur e) •• ••••••••••••••·••••
174 , 424
1 , 003
2 , 904
2 , 003
12 , 967
47 , 0 71
5 1,136
38 , 531
18 , 809
Domestic and pe r sonal s e rvic e wor ke rs••• •••• ••••• ••••·••••••
56 , 954
274
879
741
5 , 595
17, 358
15 , 609
10 , 9 49
5 , 5 49
29,256
152
387
276
2 , 030
6 , 922
7, 443
7 , 178
4 , 868
Fa.rm opera.tor s •••••• • ••••••• •••••••••••••••••·•·•·••··· ·•••••
Fa.rm la.bo r e r s ...............................................
41 , 6 38
1, 3 26
2 , 218
1 , 098
5 , 097
10 , 088
8 , 801
7,624
5 , 386
Inexpe rienced pe r sons .••••••••••••••••••••••••,•••••••••••••
6 , 6 39
1, 275
1,794
606
1, 055
644
516
420
329
Unknown occupati on •••••••• •••••• , • ••••••• , • •••••••• ••••• • ••• t---~
8 ~4=2~
5 -+--~
7~5 - - + - - -2=7~6- - + - - - '1~8~1--+_ _ _8-'4=9---t---"2.,_2
-'-'9'-'0--t---"2'"'-"340
=--+----'l'-'-'57--'4'---,l-----'8 -"40~
!!:;!;: :::::::::::::::::::::::::
..:..'~!
==~,--f--- ..:.•=;!=~.---<1---- ..:.'~1 ~~-~~
15
2 06
12
4
2 4
44
42
Profess iona.l and t e chnical
1---- ~!
-+---a...'- =:- - + - --'-'o..,!=i - - + - --'-'...,;,-,
! --+--- -'-'!=~=~--+--- ..:..';~~=~---t--Propr ietor s , manage r s , and offic ials (except agricult ure ) ...
270
1
7
35
83
Office wo r kers ...... . ................................. ......
1 , 382
7
71
55
249
66 1
242
Sale smen and kind r ed wo rker s ......... ..... . . ........... ... . .
5 79
8
18
8
81
187
165
Skilled worke r s and fo r emen in building and constr u c tion ••••
Skilled wo r ke r s and fo r emen in mfg . and other indust r ies •• • •
27
23
75
Semi s killed wo r ke rs in bu ild ing and construction ••••••••••••
Semiskill ed worke r s in mfg . and othe r indu str ies •••• •• ••••• •
17,427
263
257
1,5 35
5 , 512
5 , 970
82
Unskill ed l a.bo rers ( except a.gric u l ture) •••••••••••••••••••••
138
1,272
23
49
38
400
309
Dome st ic and pe rs onal se r vice worke rs ••••••••••• , •••••••••••
706
7 , 566
100 , 093
1, 970
1 , 331
29 , 6 42
28 , 746
1 , 287
6
16
8
44
256
394
Farm operators ••••••••••••••••••••• ••• •••• ••• •••••••••• •••••
F e.nn le.bore r s •••••••••••••••••••••• • • • ••• •••••••••• •••••••••
159
747
8 , 749
265
328
2 , 029
2 , 169
Inexpe rie nced per sons ••••••••••••••••••• • •••••••••••••••• • ••
14 , 646
447
908
1 , 162
1,401
3 , 233
3 , 370
Unkn.own oc cupation • • •••••••• • , ••• , •••• ••••••••• . . • • • •• ••••• •
165
91
1,18 1
4 390
62
444
1 , 317
: .,.i=~~~
13 6
30
102
82
83
42
15
29
16
2 , 839
211
21, 044
346
1, 789
2 , 65 6
758
969
104
9 , 088
217
1 , 263
1 , 469
372
'Fo r qua lifications of these s tat istics , see statement o;-i page 18.
TABLE 19-ECONOMIC HEADS' OF FAMILIES ON RELIEF IN URBAN AREAS, BY CLASS OF USUAL OCCUPATION, AGE, AND
SEX, FOR THE UNITED STATES:2 MARCH 1935
CLASS OF USUAL OCCUPATION, AND SEX
TOTAL
16 AND 17
YEARS
18 AND 19
YEARS
20
YEARS
21 TO 24
YEARS
25 TO 34
YEARS
35 TO 44
YEARS
45 TO 54
YEARS
55 TO 64
YEARS
~
:;.;~"'!--+-
!~~~ ~;: ::::::::::::::::::::::'. ::
2 7
51
22 9
39
21
6
7
5
2
31
Pr ofess i ona. l and techni cal
t---"-~;~:-':'-;!-;;,;~a--t-----''--:~:::~ - + - -- ''-:,;,.,,~-:-!-+-_;..c..'"'':c:':~""';- + -;.;.-:-: -'--,:i,.,,;,.,,.
; -+---'::.;~..;,.
:.<.,:
;..;~;..:;~-','.:,.,~,.:,
! -1--:.::i::.;~2.::;;
!~
:;.;i' -0 i;.::!-4-.::.::.::~2.:.::.
Proprietor s , manage r s , and official s ( except agricu l t u re ) ...
61 , 543
22
185
191
1, 3 44
8 , 936
21, 055
19 , 498
10 , 3 12
Offi ce wor ke rs ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••
126,482
666
3 , 970
3 ,1 26
16 , 576
42 , 099
33 , 206
18 , 390
8 , 449
Sal esmen and kind r e d worke rs .. ......... •••••••-•-•-••• . . •·-105-,§~
620
2 , 972
2 , 300
10 , 968
25,686
30 , 212
21 , 606
11 , 089
Skilled worke r s and foremen in building and construct ion ....
357,479
89
699
735
9 , 403
73 , 965
114 , 877
103 , 979
53 , 732
Skilled wor ke r s and fo r emen in mfg . and othe r i ndust r ies ....
173 , 938
113
6 47
824
8 , 348
42 , 387
57 , 484
43 , 909
20 , 226
Semi skilled worke rs in building and construction ............
209 , 05 4
287
2 , 287
2 , 625
22 , 330
77 , 85 1
59 , 930
31 , 986
11 , 758
Semiskilled worke rs in mfg . and other indust ries ••• , . .......
505 , 68 1
1 , 746
7,8 33
6 , 289
43 ,160
137,275
145,646
110 , 625
53 , 107
Unski lled l abo rers ( e xcept agri cu lture) .....................
524 , 840
2 , 643
11,052
8 , 000
43 , 920
121, 543
136 , 244
130,7 45
70 , 693
Domestic and pe r sonal servi ce workers ••• ··· •• •••••·•••••••••
292,446
1,939
6 ,1 04
4 , 210
22 , 665
74 , 102
8 1 , 695
66 , 128
35 , 603
Fa.rm opera.t o r s •••••••••••••••••••• ,.........................
45 , 358
69
337
306
2 , 410
9 , 077
11,656
12 , 560
8 , 943
Fa.rm la.bore r s ................... . ...........................
84 , 327
1, 103
3 , 491
2 , 338
11 , 793
22 , 401
17 , 096
15 , 663
10 , 442
Inexperienced persons ••••••••••••••••••·••••••••••••••• • ••••
100 , 35 4
12 , 205
18 , 587
6 , 378
ll , 414
12 , 605
15 , 580
13 , 922
9 , 66 3
Unknown occu pati on •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• f--~
91"-"-'8.;;..
50'--f---l:;;.L;;3.;;..
90
- '---t--.:.
3 <..c2..:.
l .c.
7 -+---=2 ..:lc::
1.::..
0 -+---=8 z.:6:..:.7..:.
4 -+--=2..:.
4,_4:.:4:.;..
7-+--=2..::
4_._3:.:4:.::
0-+---=1=
8-"2:.:7..::l-1-_ _.c;9-'-=40::.:l:..._
~!;~;:::::::::::::::::::::::::: -;;-',""'!-!~
-t---
-:,'-~
•-;-~-+-
2 3
14 6
29
17
5
6
53
27 5
42
-~-~ ....~-~-~--+--~-~.,_:~-~_;.~--+---'-: .,_:~- :-~--+-- -!-'-:-2 ~--~Professional and te chnical
l--'·-'--!1
'---+-----'-~ '-;; -: --+--- '-~-!-!--+-P r opr ietors, mana ge r s, and official s (except agr iculture) ...
59 , 1 12
20
181
185
1 , 289
8 , 625
20 , 26 1
18 , 646
9 , 905
Of f ice wo r kers ••••••••••• • ••• • •• ••••••••••• • ••• ••••• • • •••• ..
89 , 562
369
1 , 647
1 , 609
10 , 676
29 ,7 93
23 , 801
14 , 567
7 ,100
Salesmen and kind r ed wor kers ••••• •• •••••••••••••• ····•••••••
84 , 132
431
2 , 002
1 , 634
8 , 440
20,714
24,185
17 , 453
9 , 273
Ski lled worke rs and fore men in building and const r uct ion. ...
357 , 479
89
699
735
9 , 403
73 , 965
114, 877
103 , 979
53,732
Skilled workers and fore men in mf g . and othe r indust r ies ....
172 , 427
111
628
8 14
8 , 243
42 , 065
56 , 946
43 , 550
20 , 070
Semiskilled workers in bu il ding and cons truction••••·•••••••
209 ,054
28 7
2 , 287
2 , 625
22 , 330
77 , 85 1
59 , 930
31,986
11 , 758
Semi s kille d worke r s in mfg . and other industries . . ..........
418 , 59 7
1,011
5 , 057
4 , 379
34 , 799
114 , 377
120,533
93 , 850
44, 5 91
522 ,103
2 , 597
10, 915
7 , 9 16
43 , 550
120,762
135 , 546
130 , 331
70 , 486
Unskilled l a.bo r e r s (exce pt agr iculture) •••••••••• •••••••••..
Domestic and personal se rvice workers .......................
1 32 , 091
406
1, 781
1 , 511
10 , 66 1
33 , 8 14
36 ,130
30 , 524
17 , 26 4
Fa.rm ope ra.to r s •• •••••• •••• •••• •••• ••••••• • •••· ••••• •••• ••• ••
44 , 894
68
332
302
2 , 401
9 , 001
11 , 507
1 2,418
8 , 865
Farm la.bore r s ...... .. ...... ...... ... ....................... .
8 1, 597
1, 037
3 , 388
2 , 276
11 , 535
21, 731
16,400
15 ,119
10 , 111
Inexpe rienced pe r sons •••••• •••••• ••• ••·•••••••••••·•• ·••• •••
35,36 4
7 , 267
11 , 534
3 , 942
6 , 320
2 , 218
1, 553
1 , 398
1 , 132
Unknown occupation •• •••• ••••• •••••••••• • • •••••• • ••••••••• •. • t - - 6 8~•~5_23_ +--_ _9_0_8 --+--2,_0_9_4 --+_ _
l,._4_5_7--+_ _
6 ,._,3_0_2 _ _ _1_8.,_,2_6_9--+_ _1_8..:..,5_ 7_9_ _ _1_3..:.,_
90_9_ _ _7..:.,_
00
_5_
!~;:: ::::::::::::::::::::::::
!~:.:;. ; ,.:;~--:.::~:.,.,.:c.::::.:~;__
4
8 3
18
10
3
3
10
11
8
Profe ssional and technic a l
t---=-:-,i;=-,'-=~-=::= - + - -"-'-'-:'i-=~ -+-..:..::..'-:i-':-:-::-~-+--=..:..'-:ic':~c:--+--=-:~'-.!C.,!c:~-+---':.:":! "',~:-:~:-:::;- + -:.::.;;:!_,_,~
.:;..;~,..;;~---+--'::.;~;..,•
Proprietors , manage rs, and off ic ial s ( e xcept a gr i culture ) ...
2 ,431
2
4
6
55
311
794
852
Office workers •••••••••• •••••••••••••••••••••••· ••• •••••••••
36 , 920
297
2 , 323
1, 5 17
5 , 900
12 , 306
9 ,405
3 , 823
Salesmen and kindr ed worke rs• ••••••••• ··••• ••• ·•• · • ••·••••••
21, 32 1
189
970
666
2 , 528
4 , 97 2
6 , 02 7
4 , 153
Skilled workers and foremen in building and construction••••
Skille d worke rs and foreme n in mfg . and other i ·ndustrie s ....
1, 5 11
19
10
105
538
322
359
Semi skille d worke rs in bu ild ing and construction •.••••••••••
Semi skille d workers in mfg. and other industries ••••••••••••
8 7, 08 4
735
2,7 76
1,910
22 , 898
8 , 36 1
25 , 113
16 , 775
. 698
8',.
Unskilled la.bore rs (except agriculture) ••. ... ...•.. •. . ••••••
137
370
781
2 , 73 7
46
414
Dome st ic and persona.I service workers ••• ,, ••• •• •• •••••••••••
160 , 355
4 , 323
2 , 699
12 , 004
40 , 288
45 , 565
1 , 533
35 , 604
Farm operatOrs •• , •••••••••••••••••••••••••• ••••••••••••• ••• •
464
1
4
9
76
149
5
142
2 , 730
66
103
62
258
670
Fe.rm la.borer:-s •••• ,. ••••• , ••• , •• • • • • •• , •••••• • ••••••••••••••••
696
544
Inexperienced persons ••• , •••••••••••••• ,., •••••• •••••••• ••• •
64 , 990
4 , 938
7 , 053
2 , 436
5 , 094
10 , 387
14 , 027
12 , 524
23 32 7
1 , 1 23
653
2 372
Unk:n.ov,,n occuoation •••••••••••• • , •••••••••• •••••••• , •••••••••
482
6 , 178
5 , 761
4, 362
1
Includes wh i te , Negro , other , and urumown color or r ace .
Fo r quali ficati on s of these statistics , see statement on page 18.
2
1:28018 0 -37 - 3
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
4
407
1 , 349
1 , 8 16
156
8 , 516
207
18 , 339
78
331
8 , 531
2 , 396
WORKERS ON RELIEF-UNITED STATES
28
TABLE 20--WHITE ECONOMIC HEADS OF FAMILIES ON RELIEF IN URBAN AREAS, BY CLASS OF USUAL OCCUPATION, AGE,
AND SEX, FOR THE UNITED STATES:1 MARCH 1935
CLASS OF USUAL OCCUPATION , AND SEX
TOTAL
16 AND 17
YEARS
18 AND 19
YEARS
20
YEARS
21 TO 24
YEARS
25 TO 34
YEARS
35 TO 44
YEARS
45 TO 54
YEARS
55 TO 64
YEARS
TOTAL •••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 2,146,666
17 , 9li3
48 , 963
31 , 463
168,893
520 ,7 70
593 , 606
499,779
265 , 229
Professional and technical workers ••••• • ••••••••• • • ••••••••• i----4-,.,5,-,""'
2""'06, ---i------,-,
40.----+------=2"'"99.--+------.3"'"1.,,.
9 --t------::3-:,5,...,4-:::-7--1----=1"""
2""",8:-::7:-:4---t---:1""3-,0""4""8---tf-----.9,-,""
86""'9,--i-------,5,-,""'"21,...,0,--Proprietors , managers, and officials (except agriculture) . ..
57 , 673
19
154
162
1 ,155
8 , 273
19,767
18 ,441
9 ,702
Office worker s •••••••••·•••••••••••••• • •••••••••••••••••••••
120,320
621
3 , 781
2 , 970
15, 681
39, 658
31, 7 13
17 , 713
8 ,1 83
Salesmen and kindred workers ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••
100 , 675
561
2 , 735
2 ,144
10,198
24 , 252
29 , 084
20,930
10 , 771
Skille d workers and foremen in building and construction....
329,188
79
654
678
8 , 6 96
68 , 373
105,218
95 , 525
49 , 965
Skilled workers and foreme n in mfg. and other industries. ...
l ll0 , 810
102
571
780
7,687
38, 566
52 , 476
41 , 296
19,332
Semi skilled workers in buil ding and construction..... . ......
174 , 134
236
2, 042
2 , 349
19 , 788
66 , 100
4 8 , 622
25 , 619
9 , 378
Semiskilled workers in mfg. and othe r indust ri es ............
434 , 841
1 , 377
6 , 570
5 , 306
36 ,267
114, 280
1 24 ,202
98 , 418
48 , 421
Unskilled laborers (except agriculture). ....................
349 , 503
1 , 818
8 , 314
5 , 954
31 , 120
73 , 501
83 , 701
92 ,146
52,949
Domestic and personal service worke r s .......... •••••........
142, 191
1 , 096
3 , 447
2 , 225
9 , 844
28 , 427
38,894
36 ,1 87
22 , 071
Farm operators ..............................................
39 , 060
47
279
253
2 ,06 1
7 , 793
10 , 086
10 , 870
7 , 671
Farm laborers••••••••••·••••••••••·•••••••••••••••••••••••••
58 , 983
754
2 , 601
1 , 805
8 ,947
15,680
11, 100
10 , 595
7 , 501
Inexperienced pe r sons .................................... •••
81,791
10,324
15,798
5 , 366
9,1 85
9,204
12 , 179
11,400
8 , 335
Unknown occupation ••••••••••• • • • •. •. • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • t--_52_.,_
2_9 1_ _ _ _8_89_+-_1~. •~7 -'-18-'--+--~1.~l-'-5_2- - t - - 4-~
. 7~1-'-7--1'-~l-'3~. 7__8~9---t----l'-'-3.,_5"-"1=
6---tf---1~0~ 7~7.....0---tt-----'5-'-'-74""0_
11ALE •• • .......................... 1,874,181
11 , 398
34 ,063
23,795
143 , 0 19
461 , 091
521,855
445 ,512
23 3,448
Professional and technical workers •••••• • ••••••••••• • • • ••••• l-----;;-:33,....,-::-3"'06,--+--....;_.,,,
2 2::--+---'-,:-1-,,93::--+----'--::2,::-0.,,6 --+---::2 ,c..,3""'6-::-5--+---=
9 '-,,6:-::6c:2--+---=
9"-,4'"'9""7---l---=7..:..
, 4"""9'""2---lf---------:3,::..,""86:-::9,-Proprietors, managers , and officials (except agriculture) ...
55,521
17
151
l t6
1,112
8 , 000
19 , 061
17 , 689
9 , 335
Office workers ........................ ·. .....................
85,152
335
1 , 560
1,5~2
10,111
28 ,134
22 , 629
13 , 998
6 , 853
Salesmen and kindr ed worke r s ............................ ••••
80 , 278
388
1,810
1,508
7 , 828
19 , 577
23 , 282
16 , 895
8 ,990
Skilled wo rkers and foremen in building and construction....
329 ,1 88
79
654
678
8 , 696
68 , 373
105,218
95 , 525
49,965
Skilled worker s and fo r emen in mfg. and other industries .. . .
159,393
100
553
770
7 , 588
38, 276
51 , 966
40 , 958
19 ,1 82
Semiskilled worker s in building and construction.. ........ . .
174,134
236
2 , 042
2 ,349
19 ,7 88
66 , 100
48 , 622
25;619
9 , 378
Semi skilled workers in mfg . and other indust ries ............
366 , 805
741
4 , 154
3 , 685
29 , 703
97 , 874
105 , 113
84,674
40 , 86 1
Unskille d labore rs (except agr iculture ) .....................
347 , 768
1 , 792
8 , 221
5, 905
30 , 866
73,046
83 , 251
91 , 884
52 , 803
Dome stic and pe rs onal service workers ••••••••••• • • • ••·•··•••
74 , 616
162
938
792
5 , 001
15 , 932
20,246
19 , 719
11 , 826
Farm operators . ... ........ ••••••••••••••••• ••· •••••••••••·••
38 , 761
47
277
250
2 , 056
7 , 749
9 , 978
10 ,7 81
7, 62 3
Farm laborers ...............................................
58 , 117
729
2 , 557
1,783
8 , 878
15,456
10,873
10 , 4 19
7 , 422
Inexpe r ienced persons• •••·••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••
29 , 218
6 ,1 68
9 , 833
3,3 55
5 , 319
1 , 6 19
1 , 054
1 , 01 8
852
Unknown occupation •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• t---4_ 1_.•_9_2 4_ _ _ _
5_8 2_ + - _1~ 1_
20_ +-----'8-'2-'-6- - t - - 3 '-"
. 7-'0-'8-+----l=l.""-2'-"9-'3--+----l=l.,_0;;..;6.. :.5---t--"8.,_8
" '4'-=l---tf---"4CL.
,4-"-8;;..;;9_
2
8
2
6 5
14
7
5
Professional and technical
t---~:-:~,-:-=-!0,-~- + - -...:.'-::-~:- + - ----'-~,....~~-,-----+----'''---~-~! --+---'~'."""~-;-:--+---! =-:
Proprietor s , managers, and offic ial s (except agriculture). ..
2.,152
2
3
6
43
273
Office worke rs••••••••••••••••••••• • ••••••••••••••••••••••••
35 ,1 68
286
2, 221
1 , 438
5 , 570
11,524
Salesme n and kindred workers •••••••••••·••••• • ••••••••••••••
20 ,397
173
925
636
2 , 370
4,675
Skilled workers and fo r emen in building and construction ••••
Skilled workers and foremen in -m fg. and other indu str ies ••••
1 , 417
18
10
290
99
Semi s killed workers in building and construction,. •.•..••••••
Semiskilled workers in mfg . and other indu stries ••••••••••••
68 , 036
6 , 564
636
2 , 416
1 , 621
16 , 406
Uns k illed, laborers (except a gric u lture) .................... .
1 , 735
26
93
49
254
455
Domestic and ,ttersonal se rvice workers •..•.•.•.•••.........••
67 ,57 5
934
4,843
2, 509
1 , 433
12,495
Fa!'Til operator-s • •••••..••.••••••••••.•••••.••••.••.•••••••.••
299
2
3
5
44
Farm. labore rs ••••••••••••.••.••.••.• ••• •.......•.•.••••.--. •.•
866
25
44
22
69
224
Inexpe rienced persons •..•.•...•.••••••.•...•• ••• ••••.•.. • .••
4 ,156
2, 011
52 , 573
5 , 965
3 , 866
7 , 585
Unkn.own occupation •. •...••••••••••••••.•.••.•••..••.••••••••
10 367
307
598
326
1 009
2 496
1
7
3
5
-:.:..:!-~-;---lf-------~..:.
:;:-~752
367
3, 715
1 , 330
4 ,035
1 , 781
:-~-:---1---!.:..:;-:-~---1--
!!~~;::::::::::::::::::::::::::
706
9 , 084
5, 802
510
338
150
19 , 089
450
18 , 648
108
227
11,125
2 . 451
13 ,744
262
16 , 468
89
176
10,382
1.929
7 , 560
146
10, 245
48
79
7 ,483
1 251
For qualifications of these statistics, see statement on page 18.
TABLE 21-NEGRO ECONOMIC HEADS OF FAMILIES ON RELIEF IN URBAN AREAS, BY CLASS OF USUAL OCCUPATION, AGE,
AND SEX, FOR THE UNITED STATES:' MARCH 1935
CLASS OF USUAL OCCUPATION, AND SEX
TOTAL
16 AND 17
YEARS
18 AND 19
YEARS
20
YEARS
21 TO 24
YEARS
25 TO 34
YEARS
35 TO 44
YEARS
45 TO 54
55 TO 64-
YEARS
YEARS
TOTAL............................
483 , 678
3 , 991
9 , 812
6 , 407
38, 432
137 , 835
141,960
99 , 787
45 , 454
Professional and technical worke rs •••• • •••• • •••••••••••• ••• • t - - ;5,'-,-,,
290 -2;--t--...:..---,3,-t-----=---;c
66;:--+-----=----;:
6;;3 -+--'--;5"""4"'0"-t--=:.::,
1:..,,7"'3""'9--+--=~
1:...,4;.;8""6~---=-=-:...9;,.;8; .;,5-11--=:!..4;;1;.;;o:__
Proprietors , managers, and official s (except agriculture) ...
3,125
2
27
27
175
526
1 , 043
856
469
Office workers ... •••••• ....... •• •• •••••• ........... ••.......
4 , 640
31
129
106
658
1,924
1 ,117
498
177
Sale smen and kindred workers ................................
3 , 096
43
156
93
498
917
741
425
223
Skilled worke rs and foreme n in building and cons truct ion....
22 , 535
9
35
42
507
4 , 262
7 , 651
6 , 906
3,123
Skilled workers and foremen in mfg. and other industries ....
10,671
9
66
33
481
3,102
4,146
2 ,1 35
699
Semiskill ed workers in building and construction.. .. ...... . .
30,472
44
191
225
2,004
9,951
10,084
_5 , 795
2 ,1 78
Semiskilled workers in mfg . and other i ndus t ries............
60,349
330
1, 035
830
5 ,779
19,652
18,302
10, 431
3 ,990
Unskilled l abo rers ( except agr iculture) ..... ... .............
152 , 095
696
2, 238
1 , 670
10 , 738
41 , 266
45 , 668
33 , 891
15 , 928
Domestic and pe rsonal se rvice workers ...... . ................
143 , 677
772
2 , 461
1 , 848
12 ,119
43 ,726
40 , 978
29 ,035
12 , 738
Farm operators..............................................
5 , 168
22
49
39
286
992
1,237
1,408
1 , 135
Farm laborers ........................... .. ........... •......
14 , 812
276
523
305
1 , 532
3 ,573
3,368
3,093
2 ,14 2
Inexperience d persons .......................................
16,274
1 , 65 2
2 ;447
879
1 ,9 52
2, 979
2, 956
2 ,2 26
1,183
Unknown occupation •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• t--_l_l~,_47_2_t--_~10_ 2_ + - - ~
3~8 9~ + - - ~2~47~+--=l '-=1=
6=-3-+--=3 &.:2:.:2=-6-+---"3 ,1.al..,.8"'-3--+---"
2Ll"°0"'3---1~---"l.._0,,.,5a:..::9_
MALE ......... . .. ... ..............
355,299
2, 567
6 , 587
4 , 388
27 ,789
98 , 801
105 , 275
74,691
35,201
Professional and technical workers •••••••••••••••••••••••••• l-----a3c'-,.c34"'9:--t---'-----,2:--+---'-,,-,34.--+---'-.,,.,
32::--+---'-;.2""""
96 --+-----''-,,'.lc,;7"'°
0 --+----'.;__:..,~=~7---l--~7;,.,,o"',ti---l-----'-=-;i,...,1;.;.-uProprietors, managers, and officials (exce pt agriculture) ...
2 , 875
2
26
27
168
493
965
761
433
Office workers..............................................
3 , 280
24
58
52
416
1,271
879
418
162
Salesmen and kindred workers ................... .. ...........
2 , 544
35
138
85
419
739
584
346
198
Skilled worke rs and foremen in buil d i ng and cons truction....
22,535
9
35
42
507
4,262
7 , 651
6 ,906
3 ,1 23
Skille d workers and foremen in mfg. and othe r industries....
10,598
9
65
33
476
3 , 075
4,123
2,1 20
697
Semiskilled workers in building and constructi on............
30,472
44
1 91
225
2,004
9 , 951
10,084
5,795
2 ,178
Semiskilled workers in mfg. and other industries............
43,662
253
792
585
4,305
13 , 862
12,987
7,754
3 ,1 24
151,153
682
2 , 200
1,639
10,636
40 , 951
45,431
33 , 744
15,870
Unskilled laborers (except agricu l ture) .....................
Domestic and personal service workers.......................
53 -893
227
'788
676
5 , 284
16,570
14, 915
10,304
5,129
Farm operators ••••• ,........................................
5,005
21
46
38
282
961
1,197
1 , 355
1 ,105
Farm laborerso•••••••••••"•••••••• ................. ••• • ••••
13,151
240
475
275
1,379
3 ,1 88
2,943
2 ,753
1,898
Inexperience d pe rs ons .............. . ....... ••...............
5 , 464
969
1 , 504
519
878
543
441
342
268
Unknown occupation•••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• t - -7...:.,_
31_8_ + -_ _ _
50_ + -_ _2_35_+-_......;;l..:.
60
- ---'+---7..:.3..:.9--+---=-lz..:.9..:.6.::.
5-+---=2:...,0:.. .:7..:.
8~,____:l:.._,3:..:8:.:5-11--....:.:
70:.:6:__
12
Profess ional and technical
t--Propr ietors, manage rs, and officials ( except a griculture ) ...
250
Office workers ................ ••• •• ••.•• ...... •••• •• ••••••••
1,360
Salesmen and kindred wo r kers ••••••• •• .......... ••...........
552
Skilled workers and foremen in building and const ruction ••••
Skilled workers and foremen in mfg. and other industries ••••
73
Semiskille d workers in building and construction ••••••••••••
Semiskilled workers in mfg . and other industries .......... ••
16,687
Unskilled laborers ( except agriculture) •••••••••••••••••••••
942
Domestic and personal service workers •••••.•••••••• • .•••••••
89,784
Farm. opera.tors •••••.•••.•.••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••
163
1,66 1
Farm laborers •• ••• •••••...•• ••••••• •••.••.. •• •• •• .•.•.•. •• ••
10,810
Inexperienced persons •••••••••••••••••••••••••.•••••• • ..•.••
4 154
Unlcnown occupation ••••••. ....• • ••••••••••.•.•.•••••••. • .••••
-::-;~::---+--1--'0•c..,::-:-!-:-!--+--3-9 :..,•~:-::!-,,.!--+--3-6.:...•:,. , :,., .:---1--2-5..:..•~=~=~---lf-----....:1..:.0..:..•,.,~~;...,~-
!~;:::::::::::::::::::::::::: --;~:--::~'. "';~;--t--1---'-4--:24
1
For qualifications of these statis tic s, see statement on pa ge 18.
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
3 2
2 0
: - - t - ---''--::-,!~::--+-----'1
71
18
77
14
545
243
38
1,673
1
3
36
683
52
48
943
154
54
8
245
31
1,172
l
30
360
87
7
242
79
33
653
178
27
23
15
1,474
102
6 , 835
5 , 790
315
27 , 156
31
385
2,436
1,261
5 , 315
237
26 , 063
40
425
2, 51,5
1,105
2 ,677
147
18,731
53
340
1 , 884
718
4
153
1 , 074
424
78
238
157
95
80
79
36
15
25
866
58
7 , 609
30
244
915
353
29
ECONOMIC HEADS-CLASS OF OCCUPATION AND AGE
TABLE 22-ECONOMIC HEADS' OF FAMIUES ON RELIEF IN RURAL ~WAS, BY CLASS OF USUAL OCCUPATION, AGE, AND SEX,
FOR THE UNITED STATES:2 MARCH 1935
TOTAL
CLASS OF USUAL OCCUPATION, AND SEX
Professional and technical
:~;!;;::::::::::::::::::::::::::
16 AND 17
18 AND 19
20
YEARS
YEARS
YEARS
21 TO 24
YEARS
25 TO 34
YEARS
35 TO 44
YEARS
45 TO 64
YEARS
56 TO 64
YEARS
:~!-=~~~
t-1 ';...4..,..~~
~
-1----1_
9 ;...'4--:~..,..:---4~•
0 ~~Ooi=!--+--2_4-,:,..,,!=~--+-1_4.,,..~....,'.~=:,.,.!- + -3_9_,.,!....,:~""
1~,..,.!.-+-3-5""!""':!""':,8"',--+-2
3
_8...,.~-:~..,24"'59c-1- 1s....~-:"'
2309"'29.-
Pro1Jrietors, managers, e.nd officials (except agriculture) ...
ll,070
6
22
29
274
1,765
3,358
3,457
2 ,159
Office workers ••••••••••• • • • •••••••••••••••••••••,••••••••••
18 , 826
112
737
572
2,506
5 , 787
4 , 777
2 , 988
1,347
Salesmen e.nd kindred worker s ••••• •• •••••••••••••••••••••••••
18,027
157
538
438
2,215
4 , 684
4,727
3,364
1 , 904
Skilled workers and foremen in building and construction....
107,030
35
232
266
3,310
22,630
32,010
30 , 623
18, 024
Skilled worJ,-~rs and foremen in mfg. e.nd' other industries.,,.
48,715
45
243
273
2 ,714
14, 050
15,602
10 , 667
5,121
Semiskilled workers in building and construction............
68 , 297
136
953
967
8 ,766
27,8'14
17 , 595
8 , 572
3 ,434
Semiskilled worker s in mfg . and other industries. ..... . . .. ..
138,920
488
1,798
1 , 495
10,726
39 , 031
38 , 128
30,469
16,785
Unskilled laborers (except agrioulture) ••••••••• ,,..........
222 ,287
1,994
6 , 299
4,173
24 , 743
65 , 607
51,427
42,326
25,718
Domestic and pe r sonal service worke rs •• •••• , ............ ,...
48 , 534
870
1,900
1,044
4 , 147
10 , 974
ll , 852
10 , 728
7,019
Farm operator s ••••• , ........... ,., . ................ , ... ,....
376 ,794
1,003
3,565
3, 183
27 , 640
105,443
106 , 697
84 , 461
44 , 812
Farm laborers••••••••••••••••••"•·•••••••"••••"••••••••••
263 ,573
6,756
14,203
8,233
40 , 949
78,700
52 , 606
38,877
23 ,249
Inexper ienced persons ............................... ........
66 ,938
7,258
9,320
3 , 364
8 , 276
11 , 221
10,964
9 , 366
7,169
Unknown occupation, •• , ................................ , • •• • • 1--__:;2.=..8'-"9'-"l=-8-+----=6:...:3=8 - + - - - '9:...:9.;cl-+----'5:...:9...;.
2-+_ _
2L.
,7...;.8..;..
5-+_ _
7.._,8_45
_-+-_ _7.,_,1_8_3-+_ _5..,_,5_2_8-+_ _3..,_,_46_6_
Professional e.nd technical ~ ; ; ; ::::::::::: : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : 1--l,;...2_
9_::;...~-:..,..~_ _ _1_4 ;...,7_3_! --+--3_3.;...
, 1-:-~--+-_2_0.;...
, 8-:..,..:-+-
1_2_1 _,~~6-=
~- + -3_6..,..~....,';=~
. -=~--+-3_2..,..
~...,:!=:= ; - -2_5--:~-:!"""'""
l: - - 144
_ ,.,,.!~
~2-
Proprietors , managers, and officials ( except agriculture). ..
10,584
5
21
29
264
1 ,7 01
3 , 202
3 , 312
2 , 060
Office worke r s ., ...................... , ..... , .............. ,
12 , 944
33
174
174
1,193
4 , 064
3 , 649
2 , 465
1,192
Salesmen and kindred workers .................... ,...........
14,749
111
375
290
1,775
3,844
3 , 876
2 , 843
1,635
Skilled worke r s and foremen in building and construction ••• ,
107,030
35
232
266
3 , 310
22 , 630
32 , 010
30 ,523
18,024
Skilled workers and foremen in mfg , and other industries .,.,
48,486
44
243
271
2 , 691
14,000
15, 5 31
10 , 613
5,093
Semiskilled worker s in building and construction ....... . . ,..
68 ,297
136
953
967
8 , 766
27 , 874
17,595
8 , 572
3,434
Semiskilled workers in mfg. and othe r industries .,..........
121 , 976
289
1 , 273
1,148
9 ,334
34 ,979
33,695
26 , 804
14,454
Unskllled laborers (except agriculture),....................
221 ,2 08
1 , 973
6,256
4,147
24 , 6 17
65,309
51 ,170
42,136
25,600
Domestic and pe rs onal service workers.......................
14, 913
114
314
239
1,310
3,660
3 , 650
3,339
2,287
Farm operato r s ............................ ...... ..... ... ....
372 , 623
985
3 , 507
3 , 160
27,503
104,653
105,318
83 , 298
44,199
Farm laborers.,, ....................... ,.,..................
251 , 295
6 ,338
13,587
7 , 939
39 , 802
75 , 717
49 , 523
36 ,548
21,841
Inexperienced persons, .................. ,, ....... ,,, ....... ,
19,276
4,347
5 ,5 01
1,775
3 , 736
1,661
891
777
688
Unknown occupation•••••• , ........................... , ••••••• ,___
2_4~8_44
_ _ _ _3_2_2_ _ _ _6_9_9----+-_ _ _4_5_2----+-_ _
2_3_9_7--+-_ _
6~•9_46
____
6~ 2_9_5_ _ _4~,8_ 2_4__,_ _2~,_90_9_
!=;::::: :::::::::::::::::::::
7 7
13
4 6
Professional and technical
1---- ~ ::.-:~..,,;.,,.:---'-'..,..
~~~- - -'-'
Proprietors, managers, and offic ial s (except agr iculture) .. ,
486
l
1
Office worke rs..............................................
5 , 882
79
563
Salesmen and kindred workers ............................ ••..
3 , 278
46
163
Skilled workers and fo r emen in building and construction, •••
Skilled workers and foremen in mfg . and other industries, •••
229
Semi s killed worke rs in building e.nd construction ••••••••• , ••
Semiskilled worke rs in mfg . and other industries ., ••••••• ,,.
199
525
16, 944
lJnskille d laborers ( except e.gr icul tu r e) • ••••••••• , ••••• •• •• ,
43
1,079
21
Domestic and personal se rvice workers •••••••••••••• • ••••••••
1,586
756
33 , 621
4,171
18
58
Farm operators ••• ••• •••• •• ••••••••••••••• •••• ••• •• • •• ••• •.••
Fe.rm laborers ••••••••••••••••••••••• •••• ••••••••••••••••••••
12,278
418
616
Inex~rienced persons •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••
47,662
2 ,911
3 ,819
Unkn.own occupation •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• ••
4 074
216
292
1
7
--=!-=-!-+---3 '-'8- =:-~=--+---1-2 ""'!,.,,!-=-~- + - -2-,-~"":~"'~""i--+--3
~
=~=:---
-=-~""''.
64
1 , 723
840
156
1 , 128
851
:~
,!~
~
25
17 2
- ""''....~~:-- -- -'-'=
3
146
109
523
155
521
269
398
148
10
1 , 313
440
23
50
71
54
28
347
26
805
23
294
1,589
140
1,392
126
2,837
137
1,147
4,540
388
4,052
298
7 , 31 4
790
2 ,983
9 , 560
899
4 ,433
257
8 ,202
1 , 379
3 , 083
10 , 073
888
3,665
190
7,389
1,153
2 , 329
8 , 589
704
2,331
118
4,732
613
1,408
6,581
547
I ncludes white , Negro, other, and unknown c o lor or rac e .
For qualific at ions of these statistics, see statement on page 18.
TABLE 23-WHITE ECONOMIC HEADS OF FAMILlES ON REUEF IN RURAL AREAS, BY CLASS OF USUAL OCCUPATION, AGE,
AND SEX, FOR THE UNITED STATES:~ MARCH 1935
CLASS OF USUAL OCCUPATION, AND SEX
TOTAL
16 AND 17
YEARS
18 AND 19
YEARS
20
YEARS
21 TO 24
YEARS
26 TO 34
YEARS
36 TO 44
YEARS
46 TO~
YEARS
66 TO 64
YEARS
TOTAL •• , ........................ , 1,26 2 , 055
Pr ofessional and technical workers , ••••• ,, ..................
9 , 597
Proprietors , managers, and officials (except agriculture) .,.
10,796
Office workers •••••••••••••••••••• •••• ••••••••••••••••••••••
18,488
Salesmen and kindred workers ............ , ......... , ....... . .
17,607
Skilled workers and foremen in building and construction, •••
103 , 379
Skilled workers and fo r emen in mfg. and other indu stries ••••
46 , 970
Semiskilled worke rs in building and construction ••••••••••••
64 ,340
Semiskilled workers in mfg. and other indust ries •••••••••• ,.
128 , 897
Unskilled le.bo rers (except agriculture) .....................
189,406
Domostic and pe rsonecl s ervice workers •••••• ••• ••••••••••••••
33 , 948
Farm: operators •••••••••••••• ••• ••• ,, •••••••••••••• , •••••••••
344,249
Farm laborers ...............................................
214,501
Inexperienced persons., •••••••••••• , ••••••••••••••••••••• •.•
69,549
Unkll.own occu pation••••••••••• , ••••••• , •• ,,,, ••••• , ••••••• ,,.
20 328
16,218
15
5
109
146
31
43
124
425
1, 600
637
858
5,266
6 , 579
380
35, 153
98
21
720
522
214
229
887
_1,616
5 , 304
1 ,444
3 ,1 26
ll,697
8 ,585
690
21,618
117
28
561
430
251
256
926
1 , 316
3 , 626
791
2 , 876
6 , 968
3,065
408
123 , 862
978
26 8
2 ,454
2,154
3 ,188
2,613
8 , 348
9 , 779
21 , 366
2 , 963
25 , 333
34 , 966
7,436
2 006
366 ,036
2 ,848
1,728
5,696
4,557
21 ,95 8
13,550
26 , 482
36 ,503
56 ,566
7 ,375
97 , 285
66 , 067
9 ,802
5 619
318 906
2 ,492
3,278
4 , 699
4,635
30,908
15,069
16,499
35 ,464
43,304
8 ,171
98 ,11 3
41,767
9 , 577
4 930
249 511
1,958
3 ,363
2,931
3,294
29 ,425
10,274
7,929
28,242
35,706
7,567
76 ,6 87
30 , 120
8 ,192
3 823
140 761
1,091
2,105
1,318
1,869
17 , 404
4 , (/36
3,1.45
15 , 553
21 , 934
6 , 000
39,971
17,650
6,313
2 472
l 166 367
5,689
10,335
12 , 686
14,401
103 ,379
46,746
64 ,340
113,059
188 , 675
11 , 495
341,279
209,510
17 ,1 85
17 588
12 355
2
4
32
102
31
42
124
236
1,688
65
845
5 , 084
3 , 967
233
28 573
39
20
166
363
214
229
887
1,130
5 , 272
214
3 , 081
ll,37 9
5 , 087
492
18 341
41
28
171
283
251
254
926
998
3 , 608
172
2 , 861
6 , 817
1,628
303
113 284
442
258
1 ,165
1,722
3, 188
2 ,5 90
8 , 348
8 , 485
21,277
954
25 , 243
34 , 451
3 , 392
1 769
332 742
1,628
1,667
3 , 997
3,739
21 ,958
13,500
26 , 482
32 , 712
56 , 359
2,783
96 , 733
64 ,77 2
1 , 380
5 032
294 270
1 , 487
3 , 128
3 , 581
3 , 802
30 , 908
14 , 998
16 , 499
31,312
43,124
2 , 857
97 ,116
40 ,475
657
4 326
229 406
1 , 296
3 , 227
2 ,4ll
2 , 784
29 ,425
10,223
7 ,929
24 , 821
35,583
2,626
75 , 845
29,264
6 12
3 360
127 396
754
2, 003
1,163
1,606
17,404
4,910
3 ,145
13,366
21,864
1,824
39 ,566
17 , 268
462
2 073
105 688
3 , 908
461
5 , 802
3 , 206
3 863
13
1
77
44
6 580
59
l
554
159
3 277
76
10 568
536
10
1 , 289
432
23 294
1,220
61
1,699
818
24 636
1, 005
150
1,118
833
20 1 05
662
136
520
510
13 366
337
102
155
263
-
-
-
2
23
50
71
51
26
317
18
619
15
151
1,437
105
1,294
89
2 , 009
90
515
4 , 044
237
3 ,791
207
4 , 592
552
1,295
8 , 422
587
4,152
180
5 , 314
997
1 , 292
8 , 920
604
3 ,421
1 23
4 , 941
842
856
7,580
463
2,188
70
3 ,1 76
416
382
5,851
399
MALE ••••••••••••••••••• •• ••. •• •••
Profess ional and technical workers ••••• , •••• , •••••••••••••• ,
Proprietors, ~gers, and officials (except agriculture) ...
Office workers ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••
Salesmen and kindred workers ................................
Skilled workers and foremen in bu ilding e.nd oonstruotion ••••
Skilled workers and foremen in mfg. and other industries ••••
Semiskilled workers in building e.nd construction , •••••••••••
Semiskilled workers in mfg. and other industries ••••••••••• ,
Unskilled labore rs ( except agriculture ) •••••••• , ., ......... ,
Domestic and personal servtce workers, ••••••••••••••••••••••
Fa.i-m ot>E3rators •••••••••••••• , •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••
Fam. laborers• •••••• , • , •••••• , , • , , •• , •••••• , ••••••••••••••••
Inexperience d pe rs ons ••••••••••••••••••••• , •••••••••••••••••
Unlcnown. occupation •••••• , •••••• , •••••••• , , , •• , , • , •• , • , • , ••• •
FEl'1ALE , • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •
Profe ssi onal and technical workers , •••••••••• , ••••••••••••••
Proprietors, managers , and officials (except a griculture), ••
Office workers, ••••••••••••••••• , ••••• , ••••••• , ••••••• , •• , ••
Salesmen and kindred workers •• ,,.,, ••••••••••••••••••• , ••• ,.
Skilled workers and foremen in building and construction,., •
Skilled workers and foremen in mfg. and other industries ,. ..
Semiskilled workers in building e.nd construction ••••••••••••
Semiskilled workers in mfg. and other indusctries ••••••••••••
Un.skilled laborers (except agriculture), ....... ••• ..........
Dome stic and personal servi.oe workers ••• , •• ,,, ••• ,,, •• , •••••
Far,a op,eratore ••••••••••••••••• •• ••••••••••••••••• ,., •••• , ••
Fa.rm. laborers •••••••••• , ••••• , ••• , ••••••• , ••••••••••••••••••
Inexperienced persons, ••• ,,,.,, •••••••••••• , ••• , •••• ~ •••••• ,
Unkrlown occupation ••• • ,, •••• ,., ••• ,.,, •••• , ••••••••••• , •••••
1
224
-
15,8 38
731
22 , 453
2 , 970
4,991
42 , 364
2 740
For qualific a tions of these statistics, see statement on page 18.
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
1
-
189
12
572
13
182
2 , 612
147
-
486
32
1,230
45
318
3 ,498
198
-
390
147
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
WORKERS ON RELIEF-UNITED STATES
30
TABLE 24-NEGRO ECONOMIC HEADS OF FAMILIES ON RELIEF IN RURAL AREAS, BY CLASS OF USUAL OCCUPATION, AGE,
AND SEX, FOR THE UNITED STATES:1 MARCH 1935
CLASS OF USUAL OCCUPATION, AND SEX
TOTAL
16 AND 17
YEARS
18 AND 19
20
21 TO 24
25 TO 34
36 TO 44
YEARS
YEARS
YEARS
YEARS
YEARS
45 TO 54
YEARS
55 TO 64
YEARS
TOTAL............................
118,606
2 , 613
4 , 244
2 ,1 80
11, 285
28 , 923
28,584
24 , 739
16 , 038
Professional and technical worke r s ••••••• •• •••••• • •••••••••• 1-----,,
5,,..,,...:,:,-+----1.--+-------,,--+----,-4-+--------,4-=-5-+---=1'"'2""'
5-+---l,-,2"'7--+---,,-14'""9---11----9" "'4,Proprietors, managers, and offi cials ( except e.gricul ture)...
151
1
l
5
17
42
53
31
Offi ce workers.•••.• •••••••• •• •• ••••• •• ••• ·•• • ••••••••••••• • •
135
3
19
33
35
30
10
Sale smen and kindred workers .. . .............................
155
7
4
24
41
39
24
13
Skilled worke rs and foremen in building and const ruction... •
2 , 278
10
10
60
360
673
720
444
Ski lled worke rs and foremen in mfg . and other industries ....
1 , 154
11
11
66
316
348
275
127
Semiskilled workers in building and construction............
2, 807
10
44
28
25 5
896
820
506
248
Semisk illed wor ke rs in mfg. and othe r industries............
7 , 096
42
116
128
667
1, 647
1 , 876
1 , 658
962
Uns killed le.borers (except e.gricu l ture) •••••••••••••••••••••
23 , 601
330
715
371
2 , 367
6 , 205
5 , 777
4 , 851
2 , 985
Domestic and pe r sonal service workers •• ,,,,,.,,,,, •• ,, •• ,,,.
13 , 370
208
388
224
1 , 042
3 , 274
3,377
2, 958
1 , 899
Fe.rm operators , ...................................... ,......
25, 375
136
354
245
1 , 788
6 ,1 86
6 , 600
6 , 116
3,950
Fe.rm le.borers••••••••••·••••••••·•·••••••••••·••••••••••••••
35, 575
1,315
2, 02 3
952
4 , 312
8 , 544
7 , 602
6 , 320
4 , 507
Inexperienced pe rs ons •••• , ............ ••• ..... •.••• •• •••••••
5 , 011
531
509
174
504
898
930
850
615
Unknown occupat i on •••••• , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , • • •, •, , , , , • • •, • • • • • • • t - - -1~ 3_4 3_______
35_______
5 __
2 _______2__
5 -+--~1~3....
0 - + - - -3~8-=l --+---3~3~8- - + - - ~
22~9---11---~
l5~3'-Profes sione.l and technical
=~~;::::::::: '.::::: :::::::::::
1--94..:.•~
: -~: 1 - - -l...;,_9_68_ ,1--_3
....;,_3_84_ -1--_....;
1,;...7_7_~ --4-_ _
9 ;_,4-~-~---1---2_3;_,3- :-~---1---2_2..:..,5- !-! --1--1_9..:..,-~~-: ---<i---1_2..:.,_
6~- ~-
131
1
1
5
15
37
46
25
Pr oprietor s , managers , and officials (except agricultu re)...
Office workers •••••••••••••••••••••••••• ,.,, •••••••• , •• ,....
113
5
2
12
25
31
28
10
Sale smen and kindr ed wo r kers •• • •• , ........ , •• ,., ..... ,......
128
7
4
22
32
31
20
9
Skill e d worke rs and foremen in building and construction.,..
2, 278
10
10
60
360
673
720
444
Skilled worker s and foremen in mfg , and other industr ies ....
1 ,1 52
11
11
66
316
348
274
1 26
Semi s killed workers in building and construction •• ,, •••• ,...
2, 807
10
44
28
255
896
820
506
24 8
Semis k illed workers in mfg. and othe r industrie s ••••• ··•••••
6 , 356
37
96
116
606
1 , 467
1 , 679
1 ,4 96
859
Unski lled le.borers ( except agriculture) ..... . ...............
23 , 271
321
704
364
2, 331
6 , 120
5, 705
4 , 787
2 , 939
Domestic and pe rs onal service workers •••••••••••••••••••••• •
3,061
47
91
65
311
788
694
645
420
Fe.rm operators •••••••••••• ,,,, ••• ••·••••••"•·•••·••····•·••
24 , 251
131
341
238
1 , 748
5, 961
6 , 246
5, 823
3, 763
Fe.rm le.borers •••• , ••••• ,....................................
28 , 487
1,086
1,743
823
3 , 718
6 , 900
5, 858
4 , 871
3,488
Inexperienced persons •• , ••• ••• • •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••
1,175
306
290
87
177
101
75
78
61
Unknown occupation •••• , , • , •••••••••••••• , •••••••••••• , ••• , •• 1--~l'"'-"'l"'-07'---+-----=25"-+-----=4=-l-+-------"'
2=-l-+--~l=l-0 - + - - - '3c.c2--5- - + - - -2"-'6..:.2- - + - - -1=8..:.9---11---~l3'-'4'-FEMALE •••• •••• •••••••• • ••••••••. , 1--23..:.'..,,
9-;:-,73, , . . - f - - -6-45a - - + - - -8-60
: : ; - + - - -4_0-::9 -+_ _
l ,;_8-;:;4-:,7--t_ _
5..:..,5-;:;6,.,.
6- t_ _6..:..,0-;5:-s-9- t - -5-=-·....,
15,,,,2---11---3..:..,_
43,,5,-Profe s sione.l and technical workers .,, •••• , ••••••••• ,,.......
239
1
29
74
61
45
17
Proprietor s, managers, and officials (exce pt agriculture) ...
20
2
5
7
6
Office worke r s ••••••••••••••• ••.............................
22
8
4
2
Salesmen and kind r ed workers •••••••••••••• , ••••• ,.,.........
27
9
8
4
Skilled wo r ke rs and fo r emen in bui lding and construction ••••
Skilled workers and foremen in mfg. and other industries ••••
Semi skilled worke r s in bui l d ing and construction ••••••••••••
61
180
197
162
103
Semisk illed workers in mfg . and other industries •••••••••• ,.
740
5
20
12
36
7
72
64
46
9
Uns kil led le.borers ( except agr icu lture) ., ••••••• ,, ••••••••••
330
11
85
731
2 , 486
2 , 683
2,31 3
1,479
Domestic and pe rsonal se rvi ce workers •••••••••••••••••••••••
10,309
161
297
159
293
13
7
40
225
354
187
Farm oper ators .............................................. .
1,124
5
1 , 449
280
1 29
594
1, 644
1 , 744
1 , 019
Farm. laborers •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••
7 , 08S
229
219
87
225
327
797
855
772
554
3 , 836
Inexpe rienced pe r sons •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••
236
20
19
10
11
4
56
76
40
Unkn.own occupation ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••
1
For que.1 ifice.tion s of t hese statistics, see statement on page 18.
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
TABLES FOR INDIVIDUAL STATES
32
WORKERS ON RELIEF-ALABAMA
TABLE I-WORKERS' ON REIJEF. BY USUAL OCCUPATION, COLOR, AND SEX, FOR THE STATE:4 MARCH 1935
TOTAL 2
WllITE
NEGRO
USUAL OOCUPAT.ION
TOTAL
TOTAL •••• ••••••••· •• •••••••• •
FEMALE
MALE
83, 885
41 ,463
TOTAL
42 ,422
MALE
45 ,10 2
23,964
MALE
TOTAL
FfflA.LE
21,138
38, 658
FEMALE
17,434
21, 224
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
PROFESSIONAL AND TECHNICAL WORKERS ••• • •••••••••••••••••• _ _ _9___9-=2Actors ........... , ••• ,....................................
8
Architects ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• ,..................
3
Artists, sculptors, and teache r s of art...................
14
Chemists, assayers, and metallurgists.....................
7
Clergymen and religious worke r s. ................. . ........
62
Des igners •••.••••••••••••••• • •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••
14
Draftsmen ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• • •••••••••••
78
Enginee rs (technical) ••••••••••• . •••••••••••••• • ••••••••••
Lawye rs, judges, and justice s ... . .... . ................... .
8
8
Librarians and librarians' a s s istants ................... ..
Mus icians and teachers of mu sic ••••••••• , •••••••.••• • •••••
77
16 3
Nurses ( trained or r,,gistered) ••• , •••••••••• , •••••••.•••••
6
Physicians, surgeons, and .dent i sts.,, ••••••••••••••• ,., •••
32
Playground and recreational worke rs ......... , ••• • •••••••••
14
Reporters, editors, and jou rna li s t s .. . .......... , •••••••.•
18
19
20
Teache rs ••••••••••• • ••••••••••••••• • , •••••••••• , ••••••••••
College instructors and prof es sors •••• , • • • • .••• , •••.••••
Primary and secondary school, and teachers (n.e.c.)L •• •
21
Other professional workers •• • • • ••• , ••••• , • ••• ,., •••• ,, ••• ,
22
23
24
25
Other semiprofes s ional worke r s ........................ . .. .
Abstracter s , notari e s , and justice s of peace •••••••• ••••
Technicians and laboratory as s istants .................. .
Semiprofessional workers (n. e . c.) ............ . ....... , ••
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
PROPRIETORS, .t:!ANAGERS, AND OFFICIALS (EXCEPT AGRIC.) •••• _ _ _7_1~4--+-_ _ _6......2~9_ _ _ _ _8--'5-+_ _ _6___2.,...3-+----'-55,--'3-+_ _ _7......o,.....__ _ _9'-io.-+_ _ _7_,,5,__ _ _'-15___
Building contractors ..................................... ,
51
51
44
44
7
7
Foresters, forest rangers, and timbe r cruisers............
2
2
2
2
10
39
49
Hucksters, peddlers, and junk and rag dealers.............
154
1'39
15
104
99
Trucking, transfer and cab companies, • and garages.........
8
8
8
8
19
13
13
Retail dealers and managers (n. e, c.)......................
212
193
19
199
180
16
46
21
o·ther proprietors, managers, and officials ••.••••••••.••• ,
287
236
51
266
220
33
34
35
36
37
OFFICE WORKERS •••••••••••••.••.••••••••••••••••••••••••• t--""'2....2::-:8;-:;9:-+_---"1....o,..,o..,6-+----"1..,.,,.,28,,..3-+---'-2CL.,.,.,21ci9-+----.,91..,or+_--'-1"",...,24,;.9,-+---6..,8.--+---3-'.5.-f----,33~
Bookkeepers, accountants, and auditors, ••••.• ,............
317
194
123
310
.UI<:
118
7
2
5
38
39
40
41
42
43
~~=~t:r(n~::~:r.~~-~~~~::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::
Messengers and office boys................................
Office machine operators, •• ,...............................
Office managere and bank tellers..........................
Stenographers, stenotypists, and dictaphone operators.....
Telegraph and radio operators..............................
Telephone operators •••••••••.. , .•. ,, ••.•.• , ..•.••.••••••. ,
Typists....................................................
_ _ _3......3'-'3--+-_ _ _6_5_9_ _ _ _7_ 7..,7_ _ _ _
27_8,.....__ _ _
49_9,.....__ _ _
21_5,.....__ _ _ _
55---1_ _ _
16_0_
4
8
4
4
3
3
3
11
2
12
13
2
7
7
7
30
30
58
4
32
28
13
78
14
78
8
8
8
8
1
29
2
1
32
7
.45
160
1
21
7
7
67
143
5
21
14
36
1
35
368
27 3
5
5
363
268
30
·8
22
28
64
1
10
53
57
1
404
6
398
1,0~~
57
5
20
418
40
159
131
75
3
5
11
13
78
4
8
7
27
l
26
7
19
7
246
4
242
122
1
121
131
1
130
20
7
3
9
l
6
4
45
42
4i6
3
2
3
394
8
133
121
10
20
1
11
49
55
1
49
59~
54
3
17
24
32
6
10
66
7
38
141
1
13
9~:
46
5
20
403
40
138
128
71
57~
43
3
17
23
32
6
10
63
46~3
2~
11
2
3
380
8
132
118
8
18
11
14
!
13
1
1
3
.4
3
«
Other olerioal and allied workers.........................
46
46
SAIESMEN AND KINDRED WORKERS •••••• ,., ••••••••••••••••••• _ _..;;2....0'-,8,,,2--+-----"l....0_5;.;6-+,_ _.;;l;.i.0.;;..2;;.;6-+-_.;;l;.i.,--95..,7,.....__ _....;..98;.;2'---4,_ _....;..97...;5'---4,_ _....::;.12;;.;2;.....i._ _ _7.;.;lc....i---""51'-Canvassers (solicitors,
75
31
44
65
31
34
10
10
Commercial travelers •..............•.......... ,...........
25
22
3
25
22
3
75
73
2
49
48
1
26
25
1
Newsboys••••••••••••••••••••·•••••••••••••••••••··••••• •••
~6
ll9
H
1~
1n
6
12
33
21
Real estate agents and insurance agents •••••••••••••••••••
1,444
536
. 908
1,413
520
893
30
15
15
Salesmen and saleswomen (retail stores) .................. .
297
255
42
272
234
38
19
23
4
Other saleA persons and kindred workers ••••• : •••••••••••••
47
48
49
50
51
62
55
64
55
56
57
58
69
60
61
62
65
64
66
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
85
84
85
86
87
9
any)..............................
SKILIED WORKERS AND FOREMEN IN BLDG. AND CONSTRUCT!ON ••• ____4...,.l,,..6,,,4--+-----'4...,
.. ,,..16a.,4--+-----+---"3..,,.,;a,46;..,6-+----'3...
,.,,a,46;..,6,.....__ _ _ _-+-_ _.;..69c..;O;.....i._ __.;..69c..;O~---~
Blacksmiths •••••••••••••••••• ,............................
142
142
116
116
26
26
Boilermakers •••••••••••••••••••••• , ••• ,...................
73
73
65
65
8
8
Bricklayers and stonemasons...............................
309
309
201
201
106
106
Carpenters ................. , ••,............................
1,442
1,442
1,273
1,273
167
167
128
128
21
21
107
107
Cement 1'1n1shers............. • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •
Electricians •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• ;...........
147
147
145
145
2
2
Foremen: oonstruotion (except road).......................
75
75
75
75
Foremen: road and street oonstruotion.......... . ..........
76
76
74
74
2
35
Operators or eng;l.neers• stat'y and port. oonstr. equip't..
303
303
268
268
35
79
Painters (not in factory).................................
783
783
702
702
79
12
12
Paper hangers ••• ,.........................................
51
51
38
38
·P lasterers................................................
106
106
37
37
69
69
Plumbers, gas and steam fitters ... , ............ ,..........
231
231
194
194
36
36
Roofers •••• , ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• ,......
87
87
79
79
8
8
Sheet metal wor'kers •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• ,
30
30
29
29
l
1
Stonecutters and oarvers..................................
15
15
13
13
2
2
Structural iron and -s teel workers..... . ...................
89
89
86
86
3
3
Setters: marble, stone, and tile..........................
22
22
16
16
6
6
Other skilled workers fo building and construction.. . • • • • •
55
55
34
34
21
21
SKILIED WORKERS AND FOREMEN IN MFG. & OTHER INDUSTRIES •• t-_ _.2~24~:2:-+----'2'""""20~8;-+----3""4'-+---'l'--'-"'96;;.;7e-+----'l::.a.::.93:::.:5,...+_ _ _3,::2~_ __::2.:.:73~_ __::2.!.:.71~---~58
58
55
55
3
3
72
72
41
41
30
30
16
16
16
16
127
116
11
125
114
11
2
2
231
221
10
217
207
10
14
14
214
214
163
163
51
51
264
264
249
249
15
15
540
540
500
500
40
40
320
320
257
257
63
63
120
120
93
93
26
26
53
48
50
46
2
3
12
10
8
6
4
4
29
29
25
25
4
4
29
29
16
16
13
13
157
151
152
147
5
4
Cabinetmakers.............................................
Cobblers and shoe repairmen......... • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •
Conductors: steam and street railroads, and buses.........
Foremen ( in raotories)....................................
Foremen and inspectors (except in faotories) .... ••••••. •••
Locomotive engineers and firemen..........................
Machinists, millwrights, and toolmakers...................
Mechanics (n.e.c.)........................................
Holders, founders, and casters (metal) ••••• ,..............
Sawyers ••••••••••••••••••••• , •••••••••• , •••• ,.............
Skilled workers in printing and engraving...... • • • • • • • • • • •
Tailors and furriers, ••••••••••• ••...... .. .................
Tinsmiths and coppersmiths................................
Metal workers (except gold and silver) (n.e.c. ).. • • • • • .. •• •
Skilled workers 1n mtg. and other industries (n.e.c,).....
:: Ap=!~!=~~/~~~~_!l~!!~~i~~~~~~~::~~:::::: ::r---'2..,60~r;=~,t--_..;;2.....76~r;=~,t-----t--.;.;l:i.;.6~r.ilrt_
90
91
92
93
94
1
Asphalt workers ................................. .. ..... ••••
Blasters (except in mines) ..... .'..........................
Caisson workers •••••• •• •• •••• •••• •• •••••••••• •• •••••••••••
Calkers •• •••••••• ••••• •• ••• ••·•• •• ••••·••••••. ••••••••• ••••
Firemen (except locomotive and fire department) •• ••••••• ••
:includes workers 16 through 64 years of age.
2
12
9
12
9
2
8
14
370
14
370
152
__;l:.z,,;;.6~:.,;•lrt----+--..:l:.z,.:=
016,-4_ __;1:.z.::.•
0::.:16.-4_ _ _...:.,_
4
4
2
10
10
8
l
1
2
Includes white, Negro, other, and unknown color or race.
2
152
12
217
'Not elsewhere classified.
Greene and Macon Counties elt.her did not participate in the general relief' progra11 in March 193:1 or had no relief' cases wlth worker••
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
12·
217
33
OCCUPATION
TABLE I-WORKERS ON RELlEF, BY USUAL OCCUPATION, COLOR, AND SEX, FOR THE STATE: MARCH 1935-Continued
llHITB
TOTAL
NEGRO
USUAL OCCUPATION
TOTAL
FfflALE
HALE
MALE
TOTAL
FEMALE
HALE
TOtAL
FEMALE
97
98
99
100
SEMISKILLED WORKERS Iii BUlG. AND CONSTRUCTION - Cont.
Open.tors of building and oonstruction equipment •••••••••
Pipele:y-ers •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• , ............. .
Rodmen and chai.mnen (surveying) .......... . ... . .......... .
Truck and traotor drivers .. .............. . ... ... ....... . .
Welders, ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••.••••••••••••
Other semiskilled fforkers in building and construction •••
101
102
103
104
106
106
107
108
109
110
SEMISKILLED WORKERS IN MFG. AND OTHER I NDUSTRIES .•••• • • 1---..,.
1.,,_..
?'""""-'
'6 -4-_ _.,._.,,
82..,,9-"6-+-~
4 ..,3""'11"'
0--+---"8 ..,5""'1-'-7-+---"-5._,0<.::l.:..7-+---"-3&.:5~0~0 --1-----'-4..:0c.:.7.:;6--1-_
Bake rs ... .. ... , ......................................... ,
45
37
8
29
23
6
16
Brakemen (railroad) ...... • • • • • • • • • • • .. • • • • • • • • • . • • • • • • • • •
56
56
31
31
25
Deliverymen..... ...... ........... . ................. . .....
441
441
131
131
310
Dressmakers e.nd milliners............. .. . . ...............
1,617
9
1,608
1,360
5
1,355
255
Filers, gr inders, buffers, and polishers (metal) ........ ,
41
41
29
29
12
Furnacemen, heaters, smeltermen, etc. (metal working) . .. .
99
99
21
21
78
Guards , watchmen, and doorkeepe rs (ucept railr oad) ......
203
203
18 3
183
20
Handicraft workers, textile, wood, leather, metal, eto.. .
16
8
8
10
5
5
6
Inside worlcers1 mines.. ...................... ..... .......
3,113
3 ,113
1 , 722
1,722
1 ,389
111
112
113
114
Operatives (n.e.c.) in mfg. and allied industries ........
Chemical and allied industries, ••••••••••••••••••• • ••• ,
Cigar, cigarette, and tobaoco t'aotorles •• •.• , ..•..... ••
Clay, glass, and stone industries ..................... .
5 , 694
69
7
123
3 , 047
60
2 , 647
9
4,214
26
4
3
4
120
3
54
116
116
117
118
Clothing industr ies •••••••••••••••••• , ••• .••••• •••• ••••
Shirt, collar and cuff faoto ries .... ................ .
Suit, coat, and dress factories ..................... .
Clothing industri es (n.e . c.) ....................... ,.
245
96
16
134
10
3
3
4
235
92
13
130
1111
Electric light and power plants , ••• ••••, ........ , ..... .
120
121
122
123
Food and beverage industries •••••••••••••••••••••••• .,.
Bakeries •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••
Slaughter and meat pecking houses •••••••.••••••••••••
Food and beve rage industries (n.e.c. ) ••••••••••• •·•• •
306
55
33
218
1 24
23
19
82
182
32
14
136
124
126
126
127
128
129
I ron and steel, maohinery , and vehicle industrie s ••••• •
Automobile factories, ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••
Automobile repe.ir shops., ........................... ,
Bla st furnaces and steel rolling mills, ............. ,
Car and railroad shops,, ••• ,,,, •• , ••••••••• • •••••• , ••
I ron and steel, maohinery, & vehicle ind's (n.e.c.) ..
936
11
14
184
170
.557
931
11
14
182
170
554
130
131
132
135
134
Laundries hnd dry oleaning establishments ... . .. . ...... .
Lumber and f'urniture industries, •••••••••••• • •••••••• ,,
Hetal i ndu stries (except iron and steel) ............. ..
Pape r, printing, and allied industries ,., ••••••••••••• ,
Shoe factories, ...................................... ..
591
421
103
411
9
63
4
4
136
136
137
138
Textile industries •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• ,,,
Cotton mills •••••••••••• •• •••••••••••••••••••••••••••
Woolen and worsted mills, ••••••••••••••••••••••••• , ••
Textile industries (n.e. o.), •••••••••••••• , •• • ••••• .,
2 ,_708
1,738
8
962
159
11iso. and not speoifie d manufaoturing industries •••••• ,
205
140
141
142
143
Painters, varnishers, enamelers, etc . (faotory ) ........ ..
Switchmen, flagmen, and yardmen (railroad), ............ .,
Taxicab drivers, bus drivers, and chauffeurs ............ .
other semiskilled workers in mfg. and other industries •••
51
135
138
957
60
135
13.7
920
144
l 45
146
147
148
149
IJNSKI LI.ED LABORERS (EXCEPT IN AGRICULTURE) • , ••••• , ••• , '1----'l"-"2.a,;'><a"""-«.,___,,1"-"2.,_1,..2""1!'1-+----'!'1'"'!9u,0-+---"4 "-"""2"3"-+---"4"-2=-.!7~5-+---'2,:;;48""--1--..!.7..._. 9~6u,5--i-_---.!7..;8~ 2""3~_ __.:;14~2'-Laborers in manufacturing and allied industries,.........
4,223
4, 078
146
1 ,446
1,344
102
2 , 773
2 , 730
43
Clay, glass, and stone industries •••••• ,...............
337
337
119
119
218
218
4
Iron and steel, machinery, and vehicle industries......
1,608
1,603
5
261
260
1
1,347
1 ,343
Lumber and furniture industries,.......................
1,103
1 ,100
3
688
687
1
513
511
2
Other manufactu ring and all ied industries •••••••••• ,...
1 ,175
1,038
137
478
378
100
695
658
37
150
1 51
1 52
163
154
155
156
167
158
159
160
161
Laborers except in mfg. and allied industries ••••••••••••
Mines, quarries, and oi l and gas wells ............... ..
Odd jobs (general) ••••••••••••••••••••••••• , ••••••••• ,,
Railroads ( steam and street) •••••• , ••• , ••••• , ••• , ••• , , •
Roads, streets, and sewe rs ••...••.•••.....•.••..•• • •• ••
Stores (~nclu ding porters in stores) ••••••• ••••••• •••••
Laborers and helpers (n,e.c,) in bldg. and const ...... .
Long shoremen and stevedores •••••••• , , •• , •••••••••••• , ••
Lumbermen, raftsmen, and woodchoppers • • ••••••••••••••••
Street c leane rs, garbage men, and s cavenge r s •••••.•• , ••
Teamsters and dreymen ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• ,
Other laborers, except mfg . and all ied ind's (n . e . c .) ••
162
163
164
166
166
167
168
169
170
171
172
173
174
176
DOMESTIC AliD PERSONAL SERVICE WORKERS ••••••••••••• , •• , '1--__.l......._
7 ·,...."""-"l---....,J
1 ,;""""'·"-+-...,1"""""?""'1"'" +--....._
?Q"""'
""-+----'2""-"
84-+_ _.....,
?R.,.,...
R,?-+_...,lu,4e>..7:..,5Be:,..-1--"""l-"2,!6
..""-6 -1----'1~3.a,;50
=2~
Barber and beauty shop worke rs ....................... ,...
177
118
59
1 22
87
35
55
31
24
Bootblacks, ........................................... ,..
44
44
4
4
40
40
Cleaners and charwomen...................................
513
13
500
44
4
40
469
9
460
Cooks and chefs (except in private family) •••••••••••••• ,
345
128
217
83
48
35
26 0
78
182
Elevator operators.......................................
38
21
17
14
10
4
24
11
13
Janitors, caretake rs, and sextons • • •••••• ,...............
303
259
44
28
19
9
275
240
35
4 , 877
Laundresses (not in laundry) ............ ••••••·•.........
5,146
19
5,127
242
242
4,896
19
Porters (except in stores)...............................
166
165
1
4
4
161
160
1
113
Practical nurses, hospital attendants , and orde r lies .....
343
26
317
214
10
204
1 29
16
Servants (hotels, boarding houses, etc.) (n. e. c.)........
403
61
362
37
12
25
365
39
326
Servants (private family)................... ... ..........
7 , 977
84
7 , 893
895
6
88 9
7,070
78
6 , 992
Waiters, waitresses, and bartenders......................
422
83
339
329
45
28 4
93
38
55
Other dome stic and personal service workers •••• ,.........
1, 876
532
1 ,344
950
35
916
921
497
4 24
176
l 77
178
1711
4 n"""'?
1...,o=
FARM OPERATORS AND IABORERS .......... , ..... . .......... •1----""...,qu.7·. ..,_3l---.a&l
" -+-_..,
""--+--"""'3.7._.7'!,...,_+-_.i,,
?'""7~"A-+_ _..._.,,
1 0,s6""5-+_
Farm foremen, managers, and overseers ............... ... ..
44
41
3·
43
40
3
Farm laborers ........................................... ,
3,910
2 , 408
1, 502
2 , 286
1 , 480
806
Farmers..................................................
2 , 01 9
1,571
448
1,444
1 , 188
256
lllO
181
182
INEXPERIENCED PERSONS ••••• , ................ , ..... , • ., .. .,_--11~9..:4Li.'7~84-_ _~
!'12""8~8-+_...".:i.,.,'1.,9~n~___.1..i....:
:> 4=4!i-+--..-....c
1 7'-'7;,;,
0- + _...1..1<
0,.;6LJ,7..11.!i-+----"-7,.;0,<l,>O!ll....8-l-_..,..a,;
15,uil..:!4--i-_-->!!i..:4li.:li
Q4_
Persons 16-24 years of age ( inclusive) .................. ,
8 , 831
2,996
5 , 835
5, 216
1 , 603
3, 613
3 , 60 5
1 , 389
2 , 216
Persons 25 years of age and over ........ , ••••• , ••••••• ,.,
10 , 647
292
10 ,365
7 , 229
167
7 , 062
3 , 403
1 25
3 , 278
96
96
183
UNKNOWN OCCUPATION ••• ,, •• ,., •••••• , ••• , ••••••••• , ••• ,
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
94
44
27
1,565
56
427
65
12
25
1,106
56
175
94
44
27
1 , 565
56
427
29
32
2
457
65
12
25
1,106
56
175
252
29
32
2
457
252
__:::
3~2c.:_7..::3--1-_ _....:8::.::0:,;3_
14
2
25
310
4
12
78
20
3
1 ,389
1 , 472
43
3
3
1
69
62
55
4
177
39
13
126
226
43
26
157
76
13
14
49
150
30
12
108
79
12
460
456
8
4
8
4
106
129
213
104
129
211
488
10
119
310
22
303
6
3
6
3
7
3
34
29
64
28
26
9
3
3
1
l
1,0 78
737
1 , 630
1,001
1,047
1 , 592
979
63
31
29
12
34
19
3
5
338
624
2 , 639
1,703
8
928
320
608
32
17
15
155
50
127
90
37
78
65
13
44
100
52
560
7
6
1
37
44
100
53
590
35
85
366
35
85
359
2 , 10 3
183
40
14
129
6
1
1
933
40
3
67
539
6
2 , 111
20
1
53
3
58
53
2
5
4
8 , 290
607
3,147
762
862
608
1,047
147
281
8 , 046
607
2 ,918
762
862
504
1,047
147
281
35
35
221
683
221
671
409
127
245
229
12
282
3, 077
201
1 ,476
177
239
58
378
9
219
724
3
2 , 9 31
201
1,335
177
239
57
378
9
219
4
4
80
236
80
232
218
75
97
48
10
5
31
7
60
33
27
475
2
10
78
41
344
474
472
111
81
108
3
3
6
2
2
2
10
78
41
343
391
3
5
30
146
141
6 , 192
405
1 , 663
585
613
449
668
138
60
31
140
440
143
5 , 093
405
1,675
585
613
446
668
138
60
31
140
432
99
88
___..2.._1~8""6--l-_ _..,..a,;
13>!>0""3--1---....!8~8""31
1
1, 616
924
692
569
378
191
191
62
139
34
WORKERS ON RELIEF-ARIZONA
TABLE I-WORKERS' ON RELIEF, BY USUAL OCCUPATION, COLOR, AND SEX, FOR THE STATE: MARCH 1935
TOTAL
2
WHITE
NEGRO
USUAL OOCUP.Al'ION
TOTAL
TOTAL ••• •••••••.• ••• •••••••••
FfflALE
MALE
22 , 459
17,567
4 , 892
TOTAL
FEMALE
MALE
10 , 825
8 ,649
2,176
TOTAL
1,18 1
MALE
839
FEMALE
342
10
11
12
13
14
16
16
17
26 1
139
PROFESSIONAL AND TECHNICAL WORKERS ••• • •••••••••••••••••• t------'3._.l...,4-+----'l.,.8;.::4-+----'l:.:3"'
0-+----==-+---=--4--....;;;.;12
;;.;;2--4_ _......,al;.:9---4_ ___,;l:;.;6~ 1------=-5
5
Aotors....................................................
8
8
3
3
1
1
Architects................................................
1
1
3
6
Artists, sculptors, find _t e achers of art,.. ... .. ...........
7
4
1
1
Chemists, assayers, and metallur gists. ....................
2
2
5
5
Clergymen and r e ligious workers ... ... .....................
11
11
2
Designers.................................................
2
14
14
14
Draft smen......... • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •
14
36
36
36
Engineers (technical) •••• ••·•, .... •••••••.................
36
8
8
Lawyers , judges, and justices . . ........................ ,..
B
8
2
2
2
Librarians and librarians' assistants ••••••••••••• ,.......
2
20
13
41
16
33
Musicians and teachers of music.......................... .
57
2
33
35
2
35
Nur ses (trained or registered)............................
37
2
1
1
Physicians, surgeons, and denti sts •••••••••••••••• ,.......
2
1
2
1
1
1
1
Playground and recreational workers,., •••• ,...............
2
4
4
5
Reporters, editors, and journalists ...... ........... ••·•·•
5
1B
19
20
Te ache rs ••••••••••••••••••••• • •••••••••••••••••••••• ••• •••
College instructors and professors •••••••••.•••••••••.••
Primary and secondary schoo l, and t eachers (n.e,c. H ... .
76
16
60
72
13
59
76
16
60
72
13
59
21
other professional workers .................. . ............ ,
11
22
23
24
25
Other semiprofessiona l workers ••• ,., •..•.•••••• , •• • ••••.••
Abstracters, notaries, and jus tices of pea ce •••••••••••
Technicians and labora"to1-y assistants., •• , ............. ,
Semiprofessional workers (n. e . c.), •• , ••••••••.••••••••••
33
2
25
2
2
21
19
1
26
27
28
29
30
143
135
PROPRIETORS, MANAGERS, AND OFFICIALS (EXCEPT AGRIC.) .... i----'""R"'-4+--_ _1...,7.,.__
? +------'1"'2-+---'--'-"--+---='--4-----"-4-------'
4'---l_ _ __:;_-+--------'=-16
16
Build ing contractors .............. , .......... ... ......... ,
17
17
7
7
Foresters, forest rangers, and timbe r cruisers, •••••• ·•••••
7
7
3
3
Hucksters, pedd lers, and junk and rag deale r s .............
9
9
10
10
Trucking, transfer and cab oompanies, and garages ••. ,, ••• ,
11
11
4
53
50
Retail dealers and managers (n.e.c.)................... .•.
73
69
4
54
49
Other proprietors, managers, and officials................
67
59
8
2
3
4
5
6
7
B
9
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
3
28
26
1
1
24
18
695
348
OFFICE WORKERS, •••.•••••••••••••••••••• , •••••••••••••••• _ _ _8___1_..4-t-_ _ _4~3--2-t-_ _ _3.c-,8,..2- + - - - + - - - - , ,347
-,--4--- - , = - - + - - - - - - - - - - + - - - -4- 11 3
86
27
Bookkeepers, accountants, and a u ditor s ..... . .. .. ....... ...
1 21
91
30
2
20
18
22 ~
289
183
106
16
16
3
3
5
2
3
2
5
Office managers and bank tellers ••• , ••••••••••••••• ,, •••• ,
5
3
2
12
84
91
96
Stenographers, stenotypists , and dictaphone operators.....
107
16
9
9
Telegraph and radio operators.............................
10
10
25
25
25
Telephone operators.......................................
25
82
93
99
17
Typists, ......................... , ••••••••••••••• ,, •• ,,...
112
19
18
17
1
Other clerical and allied workers ••• , ••••••• , •• ,.,........
19
18
1
~~=~t:r(n~::~:)..~~-~~~~:::::: :::::: :: ::::::::::::::::::
:;~::~::h:= ~~!~:o~::~::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::
3!;
4~
4~
ii:
46
46
47
48
49
50
51
SAIES!1EN AND KINDRED WORKERS ........................... ' 1 - - - -5~4=4-t-_ _ _3~4=9-t-_ _ _1=9~ 5 - + - 356
- ~ ~ - t - -229
- - ~ - - - t127
- - - ~ - - +4- - - - - - - - - - - i - - - - 4
Canvassers (solicitors ,
4
3
1
3
1
Commercial travele r s ............... ,......................
3
3
3
3
8
8
8
8
Newsboys ••• , •• ,,,.,,.,., ..... , ..................... ••.....
Real estat e agents and insurance agents, •••••• , •• ,., •• , •• ,
22
21
21
20
1
1
143
Salesmen and saleswomen (retail stores) ••••••••••• ,.......
436
247
264
121
189
4
Other sales persons and kindred workers ...................
71
67
4
56
52
62
63
64
65
56
67
58
69
60
61
62
63
64
66
66
67
68
69
aey),.............................
l 711,
55
55
1 716
___;;.2.._,?6'>'1,u....1,,1.-_ _--=c..4,.---,1.o...L..l.!L+--....!..&..L!..l.!_..+----=-4-----""~---=--+---___;;:__
4
168
129
129
4
38
24
24
3
68
68
5
164
20
20
675
573
573
61
61
3
3
122
100
94
94
29
26
26
97
87
87
205
181
181
12
12
247
247
308
2
2
2
114
3
3
53
53
4
4
127
127
17 2
11
7
7
2
1
1
2
24
22
22
2
2
2
31
12
12
71
SKI LIED WORKERS AND FORE!1EN IN BLDG. AND CONSTRUCTION,.• l----"?...,?= ""-4-_
Blacksmiths,,. •••••••• , ............. , •••••••••••• ,,.......
168
Boi lermakers .............. ,,..............................
38
Bricklayers and stonemasons ,..............................
164
Carpenters ................. , •• , ............ . . . ........... ,
675
Cement finishers ....................... , ............... ,.,
122
Electricians, ............. , ..... ,, •• , •• ,, .... ,,, ..... ,.,,,
100
Foremen: construction (except road) , .• ,,., .••••• ,,.,.,.,..
29
Foremen: road and street construction •••••••.••••• , • • ••• ,,
97
Operators or enginee rs: stat'y and port. oonstr. equip 't..
205
Painters (not in factory).,..... • • • • . . • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •
308
Paper hangers .............................................
2
Plastere r s .................... , •••• , ••• , ........... ,......
114
Plumbers, gas and steam fitters ................ .. ·••·••·••
172
Roofers, ••••••• , ••••••••••••• , •• ; •• ,.,,, ... ,,,,.,,.,•,....
11
Sheet metal workers •••• , •• ,, •• , ..••••• , •••••••••••••••••• ,
2
Stonecutters and carvers •••••• ,, • • ,,, •••• , ••••• , ••••• ,.,..
2
Structural iron and ste el workers.........................
24
Setters: marble, stone, and tile..........................
2
other skilled workers in building and construction. ... ....
31
72
73
74
76
76
77
78
79
BO
81
82
83
84
86
86
87
657
655
SKILIED WORKERS AND FOREMEN IN MFG. & OTHER INDUSTRIES •. I-_ _,R....52'-+---"'""'-,.__ __,'-+---"""'-'--+---=~---...!!..-4----....!:::
28~ - - - . : : : 2:8~ 1-----=-Cabinetmakers ....................... ,,....................
12
12
10
10
Cobblers and shoe repairmen ••••••••• , • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •
23
23
13
13
Conductors: steam and street railroads, and buses ,........
10
10
10
10
Foremen (in factories)....................................
27
23
23
27
Foremen and inspectors ( exoept in factories).. • • • • • • • • • • • •
79
62
79
62
Locomotive engineers and firemen.,,., ••• ,, ••••. , •• ,.......
56
54
56
54
Machinists, millwrights, and toolmakers.,.................
1 37
1:s7
101
101
317
Mechanics (n,e.c,)........................................
393
393
317
Molders, foundero, and casters (metal ), •••.•• , ••• ,,,......
19
19
6
6
Sawyers ••••••••••••••••••••••••••• , •••• ,,,, ••• ,...........
11
7
7
11
Skilled workers in printing and engravinf!: •••••••••••••••• ,
14
10
14
10
Tailors and furriers......................................
11
1
9
3
Tinsmiths and coppersmiths................................
12
8
8
12
Metal workers (exoept gold and silver) (n.e.c. )...........
2
2
Skilled workers in mi'g, and other industries (n.e.c. ) . . • • •
46
46
33
33
88
S9
1 069
1 069
SEMISKILIZD WORKERS IN BUILDIN(, AND CONSTRUCTION ••.••••• i---~l.~
57...,6,-+_~1~
5 7~6,-+----+---'-"-'-"-'-+-__;CL.;;.~-------4---.c.
60" --4----'6 0" --11-----Apprentices in building and cons truction..................
5
5
3
3
As phalt workers, ...................................... ••••
4
4
1
1
Blasters (except in mines) ....................... ,........
43
43
36
36
Caisson workers ••••••• •.••••• •••• • .•••••••••••••••••••••••
1
1
1
1
Calk:ers .................................................. .
41
22
41
22
Firemen (except locomotive and fire department) .......... .
7('
90
91
92
93
94
1 Inoludes
workers 16 through 64 years of age.
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
2
Inoludes white, Negro, other, and unknown color or raoe,
'Not elsewhere classified.
35
OCCUPATION
TABLE I-WORKERS ON RELIEF, BY USUAL OCCUPATION, COLOR, AND SEX, FOR THE STATE: MARCH 1935-Continued
NEGRO
WHITE
TOTAL
USUAL OCCUPATION
TOTAL
FfflALE
HALE
TOTAL
FEMALE
HALE
HALE
TOTAL
FEllALE
95
96
97
98
99
100
SEMISKILLED WORKERS IN BLDG. AND CONSTRUCTION - Cont.
Operato rs of building and construction equipment .••••••••
Pipelayer s •••• • ••• • ••••••••••••• •• •••• •••••••••••••••••••
Rodmen and chainmen (surveying) •••••• • •••••••••• ••••• ••••
Truck and tractor d rivers • ••••••••••••••••••• •••.. .• • ••••
Welders, •••••••••• ,.,, •• , •••••• •••••• , •••••••••••••••••••
Other semiski lled workers in building and construction •••
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
SEMISKI LLED WORKERS IN MFG. AND OTIIER INDUSTRIES .•.• ••• t--_~4.._0~0"'"7-+----e.3.._3~4'""5-+---6~6=2-+-~l.._6" "2'-=7-+-~l.._2c..,7""'8- + - - -3'-"'4c.,;-9-+---1=3c,c.
4--t_ _ _7--=7--t_ _ _5_7_
Bake r s , ••••••••••••••••• ,., •• , .............. ... ......... ,
51
50
1
18
17
1
1
1
Brakemen (railroad) •••••••••••••• , ••••••• , • • . • • . • . • . • • • • •
21
21
15
15
Deliverymen ............................... ........ , • • • • • •
97
97
36
36
Dre ssmaker s and mill ine rs................................
525
9
51 6
272
4
268
52
53
Filers , gr inde rs, buffe rs, and polishers (me tal).... . ....
6
6
5
5
1
Furnacemen, heaters, sme ltermen, etc . (metal working) . .. .
61
61
24
24
Guards, wat chme n, and doorkeepers (except railroad).. ....
71
71
59
59
Handic raft workers: textile, wood, leather, metal, e tc. ..
6
1
2
12
Inside workers: mines ... . ................... ... .... .. ....
1,792
1, 79 2
767
767
12
111
112
113
114
Ope ratives (n . e . c . ) in mfg. and all ied i ndus t ries ••••••••
Che mical and al lied industries •••••••••••••••••••••••••
Cigar, cigarette , and tobacco factories ••••••••••••••••
Cl ay, g lass , and s tone indu s tries ••••••••••••••••••••••
115
116
117
118
Clothing industries ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• , ••• •
Shirt, collar and cuff factories ••• •• •••••••• •••••• • •
Suit, coat, and d res s factorie s ••••••••••••••••••••••
Cloth i ng indu s tries (n . e . c. ) ••••••••••••••.••••••••••
1 35
14
39
1, 061
22
211
966
842
8
8
445
442
87
9
9
3
3
35
779
17
85
35
779
17
85
1
1
26
1
1
26
19
19
87
1 35
14
39
1, 061
22
211
124
4
1 83
4
19
19
251
119
Electr ic l ight and power p l ants ,, .•••••••••••.•• •. •••• ,
21
21
120
121
122
123
Foo d and beve rage i n dustries •••• ••••••••••••••• • ••••• ,.
Ba ke ries ••••••••••••••.••••••••••••••••••••••••••• , ••
Sl aughte r and meat packing hou s es ••• ,, .• , ••• • , ., ••• ,.
Food and beverage i ndustries (n.e . c . ) ••••••••••• •• •••
90
68
22
50
8
8
33
5
5
3
27
19
16
29
13
15
124
125
126
127
128
129
Iron and steel, machinery, and vehicle indust ries ••••••
Automobile factories •••••••• , •• •• ••••••. •• •.•• •• •••••
Automobile repair shops ., •••• • .••• • •••••••••• ,, ••••.•
Bla st furnaces and steel roll ing mills •••••.•••••••••
Car and railroad shops ••••••••••••••• • •••••••••••••••
I ron and steel , machinery, &: vehi c le ind ' s ( n ..... c.) ••
28
18
18
5
4
4
3
4
3
1
1
2
15
2
2
15
130
131
132
133
134
Laundr ies and dry cleaning es tablishments ••••••••••••••
Lumber and fu rniture industries ••••••••••••• , ••••••••••
Metal i ndu stries ( except iron and stee l ) ., •••••••••• ,.,
Paper , printing, and all ied industries , . , ••••••••••••••
Shoe factories ••• • ••••••••••••••••••••• ••••••• • •••• ••••
111
45
1 03
33
45
1 08
49
19
36
12
19
36
4
1
4
1
1
135
136
137
138
Textile indust ries •••••••••••••.•• • ..••. • . • • •.••• ••••••
Cotton mill s •••••• • •••••••• ,.,, •••••••••••••••••••• ,.
Woole n and worsted mills •••••••••••• • ••••••••••••••••
•rexti l e i n dus tries (n.e. c .) •••••••• , •• •••• , ........ ..
12
10
11
7
7
6
36
46
28
4
2
78
2
33
68
34
30
17
3
14
37
139
Misc. and not specified manufacturing industrie s •••••• ,
84
74
140
141
142
143
Painters, varnishe r3, enamelers, etc . (factory ) ••••••••••
Switchmen, f l ag;men , and yardmen ( railroad ) ••••.•••••• , •••
Taxi cab d ri ve rs., bus d ri vers, and chauffeurs ••.•••••••• ••
Other semiskilled workers in mfg. and other industries •.•
24
12
40
335
24
12
40
319
144
145
146
147
148
149
UNSKILLED LABORERS (EXCEPT IN AGRICULTURE) •••••••••••• 'l----"3"""'"'
65""7-+-----=3.._
, -=
6 5" '-'6'-+----=-+---=95,i1
.. ~ - - - - "95
'";1
" "-+-----+----"
244
....__-+----"244....__- + - - - - - - ' Labore r s in manufactur ing and allied industries ..........
359
359
38
38
18
lB
Clay, gla ss , and stone industries •••• ••• ,..............
48
48
1
1
2
2
I r on and steel, machine ry, and vehicle industries ,.. . ..
5
5
3
3
6
Lumber and furniture industries, ••••••••••••.••••••••• ,
25
25
7
7
6
Other manufact uring and allied industrie s •••••••••• , •• ,
281
281
27
27
10
10
1 50
151
1 52
153
154
1 55
156
157
158
159
160
161
Laborers except in mfg. and allied industrie s •.•• ••••••••
Mine s, quarrie s, and oil and gas we lls •••••••••• , ••••••
Odd jobs (general ) •••••• , •••.•••••••...• , ••••••••••••••
Railroads (steam and street ) ••••••••••••••••••••••••• ••
Roads , st ree t s , and sewe rs •••••••• • •••••••• • ••• • •••••• •
St ores ( including porters in stores) •••••••••••••••••••
Laborers and helpers (n , e ,c. ) in bl dg , and const •••••••
Long shoremen and stevedo r es , •• • ••••••••••••••••••••••••
Lumbermen, raftsmen, and woorlcho ppers •••.•••••••..•• • ••
St reet c leane r s ., garbage men, and. scavenge rs •••••.•••••
Teamst ers and d rayme n ••• , ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••
Othe r laborer s , except mfg. and allied ind's (n ,e.c. ) ••
162
163
!64
165
166
16 7
168
169
1 70
172
173
174
175
DOMESTIC AllD PER SONAL SERVICE WORKERS ................. 'r---"2"-6"'1,..,.5'-+---'-'
74,.,5'-+---'l"-"8 7:,.,0'-+---'1"-"'0:>;...._1+ - - - " "
27._.l'-+-----'-'76,,_,0'-+----"43,e,.:8~_ __.:,_21:,2~---"'-2""26::._
Barber and beauty shop worke r s ••••••••••• , ••••• ,.,.......
60
49
11
33
23
10
10
9
1
Bootblacks •••••••• , ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• • • , • •
6
6
1
1
3
3
Cleane rs and charwomen ••••••••• ,.........................
38
5
33
13
2
11
2
Cooks and chefs (except in pr ivate fami ly) ..... . .. ,......
22 8
1 73
55
144
113
31
36
29
Elevato r operators •••••••••••••••••••••• ,................
2
2
1
1
10
93
Janitors, caretake rs, and sextons •••••••••• •. ••••••••• ,.,
181
1 61
20
34
29
5
1 03
31
24
24
Laund r esses (not in laundry)... ..........................
147
147
31
2
52
52
Porte r s (except in store s) ........ .... .................. .
59
59
2
9
6
Pract ical nu rses , hospital attendants, and orderlies ,....
13 3
12
127
124
115
7
1
20
8
Servants (hote l s, boarding house s, et c ,) (n. e . c.)...... ..
132
62
70
57
37
11
3
127
Servants (private family) ................................
858
11
847
269
3
266
1 32
5
17
5
6
Waiters, wai t resse s, and bartende rs,.....................
139
33
106
88
71
11
Other d 01!13stic and personal service wo rkers..............
62'3
172
454
234
51
1 83
47
12
35
176
l 77
178
179
FARM OPERATORS AND LA.BORERS .......... , •••••••••••••••• 'l---""'3.._3""'9""'7-+----=3.._3
" 6' ""5- + - - - - '3=2'-+---=1~
67~15- + - ~ 1 ~
66~4"-+_ _~l='.l"-+--~13=i1=-t--~1=25=-t------=-Farm foremen, manage r s , and ove rse ers • . ••• •• ••.••• ,......
29
29
25
25
1
1
Farm laborers............................................
2, 707
2, 677
30
1,115
1,106
120
114
Farmers ...... ,., .................. . ... , ••• , • •• , •• , ••••• ,.
661
659
2
535
533
10
10
180
181
182
I NEXPERIENCED PERSONS . , •••••• , •••••••••••••••• .••••• , •• •1----=2.,_0aa,6:.:a6_ _ _ _6"'1""3'-+---'lc1.44".. ,.,3'-+---"""fi8=0c...+_ _ __.18""'Hl'-+---'"""!'l'l1"-+_ _ _!'l"-"-'l-+----=l!'l= - t - - - =
?.:fi.._
Pe rsons 16-24 years of age ( inclu sive ) ••••••••••••••• , •• ,
1, 333
580
75 3
355
179
176
27
12
15
Persons 25 years of age and over ••••••••• , .......... ,....
723
33
690
225
10
215
12
1
11
171
183
UNKNOWN OCCUPATION•• ,.,., •••••• ,, •••• ,, .,,, ••• ,,,,,,.,
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
3, 298
104
132
271
1 , 507
96
798
2
58
16
3 , 297
1 04
131
271
1, 507
96
798
9
201
120
14
25
17
16
9
9
10
15
144
10
15
1 34
1
1
1
1
4
221
1
28
1
61
23
58
9
30
913
38
45
15
476
2
201
1 20
177
10
1 63
64
10
913
38
15
15
476
4
221
8
8
16
15
226
226
1
1
10
113
10
113
6
6
63
63
1
28
1
61
8
8
• 23
24
24
58
18
18
36
WORKERS ON RELIEF-ARKANSAS
TABLE I-WORKERS' ON REµEF, BY USUAL OCCUPATION, COLOR, AND SEX, FOR THE STATE: MARCH 1935
WHITE
NEGRO
USUAL OCCUPATION
FEHALE
TOTAL .••••••••••••• ·••••••••·
TOTAL
18,260
57 , 68 7
TOTAL
FEMALE
MALE
44,80 9
1 2,878
16,037
FEMALE
HALE
10,735
5 ,30 2
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
16
16
17
416
195
PROFESSION.'-L AND TECHNICAL WORKERS •••. •••••••••••••••••• t----'=-=----="'--+----'2::..:5:..:a0-+---=.:=-+---=-+----"'22""1'-+------'R
"-'-7--+-_ _ _...._:,;
ci -+-_ _ _...,.__
~R
Actors •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• ,, ••••••
Architects ••••••••• , •• , •• , • • ••••• ,, ••• • •••••• , ••••••••••••
1
Artists, s cu lptor s, and teachers of art •• •••••••••••••••••
6
4
Chemists, assayers, and metallurgists •••••••••••••••••••••
3
3
Clergymen and r e ligious workers ••••. •• •••••••••••••••••• ,.
32
32
19
19
Designers ....... . .....•....•....•.•••.••......•.•..•..••.•
2
Draftsmen ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• , •••••••••••••••
5
7
Enginee r s (technical) ••••••.•••• ·•••••·••••••·••···••·•·••
31
31
Lawyers, jud ges, and justices •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••
9
9
Librarians and librarians' assi stants •••••••••••••••••••••
7
7
Musicians and t eache rs of music •••••••••••••••••••••••.•••
25
14
11
14
Nurses (trained or r egiste red) •••••••••• , •••••••••••..••••
30
30
1
29
Physicians, surgeons, and dentists ••••••••••••••••••••••••
1
1
Playground and recreational workers ••••••••••••••••••• , •• •
8
3
Reporters, editors, and journalists ••..•••• ••••••••••• ••••
3
l
18
19
20
Teachers . .•... ...• ••...... . ............••......•. .... ... .•
College instructors and professors •••••••••..•••••••••••
Primary and secondary school, and t eache rs (n.e.c. H ....
21
Other professional workers •••••••••••••• , ••••••••••••••. ••
22
24
25
Other semiprofessional workers .............. .• •• , ••••••••••
Ab s tra.ct er s ., notari e s_., and justice s of peac e •••••.••• .• • •
Technicians and laboratory assistants •••••••••••• , ••••••
Semiprofessional workers (n . e .c.) ••••••••••••.••••••••••
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
301
20
17
PROPRIETORS, MANAGERS, AND OFFICIALS (EXCEPT AGRIC.) •••• ~---'""----+-----""..._+-_ _..,40
.,,_+----'".,,.
:"=" +---='-+-----'3'-"
7'-+------'=-+---....:.,--1--,----'
:,;'-Building contractors......................................
24
24
2
Foresters, forest rangers, and timber crui se r s ,...........
7
7
Hucksters, pedd lers, and junk and rag de ale r s .............
17
17
3
Trucking, transfer and cab companies, and garages ,........
4
4
1
Retail dealers and managers (n.e.c.)......................
7
111
104
7
1
1
Other proprietors , managers, and officials. ...............
33
175
145
30
13
10
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
491
50
38
OFFICE WORKERS ..... , ............................. , •••• ,• --~~---....,....'--,--+-------'5c-,c2,.,. 6-+-~l.._0;..,0,.,.3-+--~..:;;._--+---5
- 1_2--+---'=--+----""'----t---'1=2~
Bookkeepers, accountants, and a uditors . • • • • • . • . • • • • • • • • . • •
51
1 58
108
50
1
1
4
2
1
210
27
24
Messengers and offi ce boys •••••• •••••• , ••••••• , ••••• ••• ,.,
1
32
31
1
2
2
Offi ce machine operators •••• , ••••••••••••••••• , •••• , ••••• ,
3
4
3
1
4
Office managers and bank tellers ••••••••••••••••••••••••• ,
'1
15
249
Stenographers, stenotypists, and d ictaphone operator s .....
253
264
21
'\'elegraph and rad io operators,............................
4
25
4
Telephone operators.,,.,,., ••••••• ,,., ••• ,, ••• ,.,,, ,,,, ,,.
53
53
1
52
Typists.,, ••.• ,., .... , ••• , .... , .............. , •••••••••••• ,
43
47
41
6
Other clerical and allied worker s ................ ,........
2
92
90
2
46
46
47
48
49
50
51
684
SAIESMEN AND KINDRED WORKERS, .... ........ ... . ........... ~-::..r..ea.:..:..-+---~-=--+----'3"'9-"-3-+----=-L..,0"'6.,,_9'-+---""""'-+------'3""
:8,..,.5'-+-----'4 .,._8+------4..._4-+-----""-._
Canvassers ( solicitor s , any)..............................
6
15
5
10
Commercial travelers. .... ......... .......... . .............
3
22
19
3
Newsboys .... , .................................. , ......... ,
1
14
1
13
Real estate agents and insurance agents .,, •• ,.,,. ,, •• ,.,.,
6
53
5
48
9
8
Salesmen and saleswomen (retail store s) ........... ,.......
355
755
350
405
10
8
Other sales persons and kindred workers •••••••••••••••••• ,
22
210
189
21
27
27
62
53
54
55
56
57
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
3,074
SKI LIED WORKERS AND FOREMEN IN BLDG, AND CONSTRUCTION,, , 1---~c:..::..----=-r...=.=--+-------+---"3 "-'
. Oc.:.7..:.4-+----"''-=-=----+------"--+---'3""'1R""3-+
_ _ _.....
:a: R3'----t----=-Blacksmiths, ....... ,., ........................ , ••• , ...... ,
1 91
26
26
191
Boilermakers •••••••• , ••••••• ,,.,.,, •••••• ,,, • ••••• ,, ••• ,.,
40
40
6
6
Bricklayers and stonemasons ••• ,, ••••••••••••••••••• , ••••• ,
167
35
35
167
Carpente rs •• ,, •• ,., •• ,,.,, ••• , •• ,., •• , •••• , •• ,,,,,,.,,,,.,
1,293
103
103
1,293
Cement finishers ••••• , ........... . , •••.• , ••• , ••••••••••• , .
98
81
81
98
Electricians..............................................
75
75
Foremen: construction ( except road)..... • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •
22
22
Foremen: road and street construction... • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •
76
76
Operators or engineers: stat'y and port. constr. equip't..
240
240
19
19
Painters (not in factory) .......................... , .... ,.
556
556
27
27
Paper hangers ••• ,., •• ,., •••• , ••••• ,.,., ••• ,., ••••• ,,,,,. ,.
14
14
2
2
Plasterers ••••• , • • , •••• ,, •• ,,,,., •••• ,, •• • ,.,., •• ,, •• ,,...
51
51
21
21
Plumbe rs, gas and steam fitters ................ ,..........
139
139
21
21
Roofers •••••• , •• , ••• , •• , ••••• , • , ••••••••••••••••••••••••• ,
22
22
5
5
Sheet metal workers ................................. , •• ,..
16
16
1
1
Stonecutters and carvers ........... ,.,,,,., •• ,.,.,,, ••• ,,,
5
5
2
2
Structural iron and s teel workers.........................
30
30
2
2
Setters: marble, s tone, and tile .................... , .... ,
5
5
1
l
Other skilled workers in building and construction........
34
34
11
11
72
73
74
76
76
77
78
79
BO
Bl
82
83
84
85
86
87
1 533
SKILIED WORKERS AND FOREMEN IM MFG, & OTHER INDUSTRIES , , 1 - - - ~ ~ - - ~ ~ ~ - - - ~
1 7--r--~15~4~9--1---~~+
- - - ~16..,.__+-_ _1~8""-R -+-_ _1-R~7-+-_ _ _, _
Cabinetmakers ................ , •••• ,.,. , •.•••••• ,...........
28
1
1
28
Cobblers and shoe repairmen •••••• • • ,,., •••••• ,............
29
10
10
29
Conductors: steam and street railroads, and bu ses ..... ,...
10
10
Foremen (in factories), ......... ,.........................
46
41
2
2
Foremen and inspectors (exoe pt in factories)..............
129
129
12
12
Locomotive engineers and firemen •••••••••••••••• , •••••••• ,
157
157
9
9
Machinists, millwrights, and toolmakers •••••••• , •••••• ,,..
135
135
6
6
Mechanics (n.e.
527
527
35
35
Molders, founders, and casters (metal) ••••••••••••••• ,,.,.
16
16
1
1
Sawyers, ••••••••••••••••• ,, •••• ••••••• ••• ,,,., ••••••••••• ,
338
338
99
99
Skilled workers in printing and engraving •••••• ,..........
37
29
1
1
Tailors and furriers .. ..... , ... , .,.,.. ........... .........
6
3
2
2
Tinsmiths and coppersmiths................................
11
11
4
4
Metal workers ( except gold and silver) (n .e.c, ) ...........
3
3
1
1
Skilled workers in mfg. and other industries (n. e. c . ) • • • • •
77
77
5
4
88
89
SE!fl:SKILIED WORKERS IN BUILDING AND CONSTRUCTION., .... , , ~---::;.i..:.=-:--+---=-=-=--+---...::...-+-~l....,_7.,,.90" '--+--=-lw7.,,_
90
" --+----=-'-+---'n""2.,,_
9 '-+---'n'-"2"'9 +----=Apprentices in building and construction •••••••••••••• ••..
7
7
1
1
Asphalt workers ................... ,., ••• , ........ , •• •• ••••
1
1
13
13
Blasters ( except in mines), •• , ...... ,.,., .. , .... , ••• , .... ,
7
7
1
1
Caisson workers ••••• • • •••••.• ••••••••••••• •....... ... .. ...
1
1
1
Calkers., ............. , •••• , , ................ •••, •••••• , • ,
2
2
2
Firemen (exoept locomotive and fire department) •••••• ,.,..
229
229
96
96
2
3
4
5
6
23
58
90
91
92
93
94
~~=~!:r(n:=~~:t:~.~~~'.::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::
173
211
66
145
43
16
27
173
211
66
145
43
16
27
10
1
2
32
1
3
28
22
10
1
1
21
2
7
7
l;;
3;:
!~
~
c.).,......................................
1 Includes
workers 16 through 64 years of age.
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
2 !ncludes
wh ite, Negro, other, and unknown color or race.
"Not elsewhere classified.
\.)
37
OCCUPATION
TABLE I-WORKERS ON RELIEF, BY USUAL OCCUPATION, COLOR, AND SEX, FOR THE STATE: MARCH 1935-Continucd
TOTAL
:NEURO
WHITE
USUAL OCCUPATION
TOTAL
HALE
FE21ALE
TOTAL
HALE
FEMALE
Fl!HALR
HALE
TO'.rAL
95
96
97
98
99
100
SEMISKILLED WORKERS IN BLDG. AND CONSTRUCTION - Cont.
Operators of building and construction equipmant •••••••••
Pip&layers •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••
Rodman and chainmen (surveying) ••••••••••••••••••••••••••
Truck and tractor drivers •••••••••••••••••••••••.••••••••
Welders •••• •• • •••••••••• ••• •• ••• • •• •••••••••••• ••••••• • ••
Other s,miskilled "orke rs in building and construction •••
101
102
103
104
106
106
107
108
109
110
SEmSKIIl..ED WORKERS IN HFG. AND OTHER INDUSTRIES .••••• • 1--.:.
4.r..,6a;::0.:::.2-+---"-3,.,6:,;l.=::.3-+---'9""8'e'9-+-----"3,..;5::..;8":6-+-----"
2.._
. 7'-::4'72-+_ _ _8:::..;4:.;:4-+_ _ _9::..;9:..:l-+--......::..:
85"':6-+---=13""5'-Bakers ......... . ..... .... ...... ................. .........
59
58
1
55
54
l
4
4
Brakemen (railroad). • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •
91
91
82
82
8
8
Deliverymen.• •• •••• •••• ••••• •••• •••• •••• ••••••••••••• ·•••
303
303
170
170
13 2
132
Dressmakers and milliners................................
676
6
5 70
506
5
501
65
1
64
Filers, gr inders , buffe rs, and pol ishe rs ( metal)... ......
70
70
56
56
12
12
Furnacemen. heaters, smeltermen, etc. (metal working)....
6
6
5
5
1
1
Guards, watchmen, and doorkeepe r s (except railroad ) ......
74
74
62
62
12
12
Handicraft workers: textile, wood, leather, metal, eto ...
14
13
14
13
Inside workers: mines •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• ••••
909
909
859
859
47
47
111
112
113
114
Operatives (n.e . c. ) in mfg. and allied industries • • ••••••
Chemical and al lied industries •••••• » • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •
Cigar, cigarette , and tobacco f'aotories ..... ...•.....••
Clay , glass, and stone indu stries.••• ••••••••••••••••••
1,937
19
2
49
115
116
117
118
Clothing industries ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••
Shirt. collar and cuff factories •••••••••••••••••••••
Suit, coat, and dre e:e factories • • •••••••• ••• • •• ••• •••
Clothing industries (n. e.c . )•••••· ••••·•·• • ·•• •• •••••
146
2
91
53
119
Electric light and power plants ••••••••••••••••••••••••
120
121
122
123
Food and beverage indust ries ••••• ••• •••••• ••• •••••• ••••
Bakeries ••••••••••••• ••••••• •••••••••••• • ••••••••••••
Slaughter and meat packing houses ••••••••••••••••••••
Food and beverage industriea (n. e. o.) ••••••••••• ••• ••
20~
22
46
141
123
18
34
71
124
125
126
127
128
129
Iron and s teel, machinery, and vehicle induatrieo •.••••
Automobile factories •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••
Automobile repair shops •••••••••• , •••••••••••••••• , ••
Blas t f'urnaoes an:i steel rolling mills •• • ••••••••••••
Car and railroad shops ••••••••••••••• •• ••••••••••••••
I ron and steel, machinery, & vehicle ind's (n.e.o.),.
188
87
3
1 84
85
2
4
4
2
62
32
62
31
130
131
132
133
134
Laundries and dry cleaning establishments ••••••••••••••
Lumber and f'urniture induatries •••••••••••••••••••••••
Metal i ndustries (except iron and steel) ....... ... .••• ,
Paper, printing, and allied i n dustries ••••••••••••••• ,,
Shoe f actor ies ••••••••••••••••••••••••••• • ••••••••••• ••
128
760
59
709
9
9
30
24
2
135
136
137
138
Textile industries •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••
Cotton mills , •••••••••••• •••••••••• ••• ••••••• • ••• ••••
Woolen and worsted mills ••••••••••••• , ••••••••••••• ,.
Textile industr ies (n.e. o.) ••••• , •••••••••••••••••• ••
71
11
38
6
60
85
25
20
1,531
31
373
5
85
25
20
1, 531
31
373
1,534
19
75
15
18
1,279
27
129
403
1,372
12
2
2
48
37
75
15
18
1,279
27
129
1, 043
12
2
36
10
10
2
247
329
10
10
2
247
4
4
242
242
559
488
7
7
12
12
139
2
85
52
114
86
177
15
36
126
92
11
25
56
124
49
49
21
120
47
2
2
49
20
65
564
35
513
9
9
17
4
11
l
33
66
34
32
5
8
32
28
58
30
28
11
180
171
'138
24
39
43
287
5
5
5
5
12
26
39
43
297
29
112
29
112
4
12
70
2
2
63
49
58
48
3
69
51
108
85
30
29
27
26
3
3
31
30
4
7
7
11
70
10
14
9
14
63
38
63
38
30
51
71
2
2
12
11
12
11
63
196
24
.196
13
1
13
l
39
.4
2
139
Misc. and not specified manufacturing industries ••• ••••
319
308
140
141
142
143
Painte r s, varni s hers, enamele rs, etc . (factory) ••••••••••
Switchmen, flagmen, and yardman (railroad) •••••••• •• •• , ••
Taxicab d rivers, bus drivers , and chauffeurs ............ .
Other semiskilled workers in mfg. anrl other industries •••
31
45
29
45
73
402
144
146
146
147
148
149
UNSKI LI.ED LABORERS (EXCEPT IN AGRICULTURE) •••••••••• , • •1--.2..
8 ,.i,6!.£6.:?.,3--4-_ _2,
8 ._;.!i~ !i2-4-_ __;11..,111J......j..__.ll.a.J• 1..1"1.1....
" .j.._-~.ll.a.t--;;;,..il,;~+ - - -.17..!L
R +---'2..&.!
~~12..1".SL..
A +-_..,2.,.
~?'-.l'Alll....
a - + - - - - '~'6..--?
Laborers in manufacturing and all ied industries ..........
2,437
2 ,3 83
54
1,219
1,178
41
1,212
1 , 200
12
Clay, glass , and stone industries......................
80
80
29
29
51
51
Iron and steel , machinery, and vehicle industries •••• ••
63
63
28
28
35
35
Lumber and furniture industries ........... . ...... . .....
1 , 727
1,707
20
953
939
14
770
765
Other manufacturing and allied industries • ••• •••• ,.,...
567
533
34
209
182
27
356
349
150
151
1 52
153
154
165
156
157
158
159
160
161
Laborers except in mfg. and allied industries •••• , •••••••
Mines, quarries, and oil and gas we lls •••••••••••••••••
Odd jobs (general)••••••••••·•••••••·•·•··••••••·•·••••
Railroads (steam and stre et ) ••••••••••••••••••••• • •••• ,
Roads, streets , and sewe rs •••••• •• ••••••••• ••• •••••••••
Sto res ( including porters in stores) •••••••••••••••••••
Laborers and helpers (n .e. o.) in bldg . and const •••••••
Longshoremen and stevedores , •••••• ,, •••••••••••••••••••
Lumbermen, raftsmen, and woodchoppers ••••••••• • •••••• ••
Street cleaners, garbage men, and scavengers •••••.•••••
Teamsters and draymen ••••••••••••••••••••• ••• ••••••••••
Other laborers, except mfg. and allied ind's (n. e .c.) ••
162
163
164
165
166
167
168
169
170
171
172
173
174
175
DOMESTIC AND PERSONAL SERVICE WORKERS •••••••••••••••• • ·1---4:.L.:.7.::.
85::.....+-----'9""
5-'7 -+--"'3 ._,8...2.,_
8 -+---=l &..:9:...:.7.::.
5 -+_ _...,3:.,:5.::.
0 -+---=l...,"ce2"'-" +---"2 ,1.;7c.:;8:...:.
7- + - - - '6::.S0.::.
2-+-....:::2..L
. 1..,8:.,:5_
Barber and beauty shop workers ·•••• •••• ••• • ••••••••••• ,...
102
81
21
89
69
20
12
11
1
Bootblacks •••••••••••••••••••••••••••• • •••• • ••••••••••• ••
17
17
3
3
14
14
Cleaners and charwomen...................................
16
5
11
9
2
7
3
4
Cooke and chefs ( except in private fami ly) •••••••••• • • •••
33 2
210
122
164
105
59
166
103
63
Elevato r operators ••••••• , •••••• ••••••• , •••• , •••••••• ,.,.
27
21
6
15
13
2
12
8
4
Janitors, caretakers , o.nd sextons •••••• •••• •• , •••••••• ,..
276
260
16
75
66
9
200
193
7
Laundresses (not in laundry) •••••••••••••••••••••• , •• ••• •
937
11
926
262
4
258
673
7
666
Porters (except in s tores) ••••••••••••••• • •• •• •• •••••.•.•
135
135
3
3
132
132
Practical nurses, hospital attendants , and orderl ies. ....
196
12
184
1 64
8
1 56
31
4
27
Servants ( hotels; boarding house s, etc.) (n. e.c . ).. . .....
138
58
80
41
14
27
97
44
53
Servani:.jl (private fomily) ••••••• • •••••·• ••·••· ·•••••·••••
1 , 993
45
1,948
644
10
634
1, 338
34
1,304
Waiters , waitresses, and bartenders •••• • •••• ••• ••• • •••• ••
325
65
260
287
37
250
36
28
8
Other domestic and personal s ervice workers ••••••••••••• •
291
37
254
219
16
203
69
21
48
176
177
178
179
FARM OPERATORS AND LABORERS •••••••••••• , •••••••••••••• "l--"'33::..c:2.::.99::.....+-....:a.30a,..."""3.::.
05" --+--=-2._.9.::.94~+-.....=c2.;,..7..a8..:.7.::..9-+--"'
2"-5 ....9.::.
6.:..6-+--"1 '-'9""1.::.
3 -+-.....:;;.
5,.;2:;.::6.::.6-t---=4...,l:.::8.::.9-t---=l ,..;0'--'7-'-7Farm f'oremen, managers, and overseers • • •••••• , ••••• •• • • ,.
29
29
28
28
1
l
Farmers..................................................
180
181
182
INEXPERIENCED PERSONS •••••••••••••••••••••• , , ......... •1---=-11~
9.::.94::,._+-----'2""'-"9.::.0l::,._+--9"-'-"0.::.93
::.....+--9"",-.,.6.::.50"--+--2=-"4""-16,.__+-_.u..o72c,u.~4-+---"2 ._.,2,.,.8.::.
6 - + - - - '4..,.,_R7-t-....:.l..,
-8:.:!l-"-9Persons 16-24 years of age ( inclusive)................. ...
7 ,250
2, 490
4,760
6,020
2,036
3,985
1,194
438
756
Pe r sons 25 years of age and over•••••••••••••••••••••••••
4 , 744
411
4,333
3,630
381
3,249
1, 0 92
29
183
73
414
10
136
0
Far111 laborers............................................
UNKNOWN OCCUPATION • • ••••••• , •••• , ••••• , ••• , •••••• , ••• ,
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
6,226
338
1 , 542
827
999
182
878
5
5
717
717
4,091
294
1 , 214
326
703
57
438
2
572
8
8
6
349
381
349
366
16 , 595
16,675
73
6,169
338
1,505
825
999
179
878
13 , 937
16,339
54
57
37
2
15
2,658
336
19
216
263
13,328
14,523
48
4 , 054
37
2, 106
25
325
65
289
ll5
436
fl
64
1,189
3U
703
~
438
2 , 086
41
313
493
289
123
436
2
3
3
572
6
216
252
142
2
132
116
142
11,647
14,291
35
11
1,681
232
3 , 187
2 , 078
24
20
12
2
132
11 2
2 ,213
1,975
18
974
103
6
38
WORKERS ON RELIEF-CALIFORNIA
TABLE I-WORKERS' ON REIJEF, BY USUAL OCCUPATION, COLOR, AND SEX, FOR THE STATE:5 MARCH21935
TOTAL3
WHITE
NEGRO
USUAL OCCUPATION
TOTAL
TOTAL.·•••••••...............
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
272 , 265
HALE
199 , 792
FfflALE
72 ,473
TOTAL
223,276
MALE
163 ,411
FEMALE
59,865
TOTAL
14 , 807
HALE
FEHALE
9 ,361
5 ,446
16
17
PROFESSIOHAL AHD TECHNICAL WORKERS......................
12 473
8 056
4 417
11 . 416
7 . 270
4 146
585
385
200
Aotors • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • ••• • • • • • • ••• i------::--l"',0~9~9--t---"'-::
-::
6~3~0--t---.._46:-:-::c9-t---.._,9:-:8c:::2-+--.._,5:-:5:--:-l-+-___;;.L4':-:3:':-l-+---"-:7:--::8-+--......:.,5:: :. :6c .....+--_::.2:: :. :'2 -Architects.............................................. . .
78
77
1
76
75
1
1
1
Artists, sculptor s , and t eacher s of art ••••••••••••••••• ••
669
435
234
640
417
223
8
2
Chemists, as s aye r s , and metallurgists.....................
112
111
1
110
109
1
Cle rgymen and religious workers ...........................
218
197
21
168
150
18
41
38
Designers.................................................
1 58
57
101
162
56
96
3
Draftsme n ••• •..... . .......................................
489
475
14
479
465
14
4
Enginee r s (te chnical) ••••••.• , ••••• •••••••••· ••••• ••••••••
8 10
808
2
804
802
2
Lawye r s, judges , and justices.. . ..........................
139
137
2
134
133
1
4
Librarians and librarians' assis tants ••••••••• , ••• ,.......
134
13
121
134
13
121
Mu sic i ans and teachers of music ........... . ..... . .........
3 , 228
2 , 36 4
864
2 ,718
1, 942
776
263
193
70
Nurs es (trained or registered)............................
747
50
697
724
50
674
17
17
Physicians, surgeons, and denti s ts........................
109
97
12
103
92
11
2
2
Playground and r ecreational worke rs....... . ....... . .......
465
293
172
422
261
16 1
30
19
11
Re}>orte rs, editor s , and journalists .. .. ...................
368
295
73
356
283
73
3
3
18
19
20
Teachers .................................. . .............. .
College instructors and profes s ors ......... .... ... •.• .. ..
Primary and se condary school , and teaohers (n.e. c. )ii! ••• :
1, 556
56
1,500
377
38
339
1 ,17 9
18
1 , 161
1,464
53
1,411
35 1
35
316
1,113
18
1,095
75
17
2
73
15
21
other profes s ional workers ••••••••• • ••••..••••••••••••••••
623
403
220
586
383
203
10
22
23
24
25
Other semiprofessiona l worker s ............................
Abstracters, notaries , and justices of peace ••••••• ••••.
Technicians and laboratory as s istants...................
Semiprofessional work ers (n. e .o. ) .......................
1 , 471
28
220
1, 223
1,237
25
179
1, 033
234
3
41
190
1, 364
28
212
1 , 124
1 ,137
25
174
938
227
3
38
186
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
7 '-"3"'0-'7 -+---=6 '-"6"'0-=-5-+----'7--=0=2-+--=-6...,9=6=2-+--=6 =3=0"'-5-+---'6=6-'-7-+---'l::.:2a..:4'--+------'9'-'4'--+----'3::.:0'-PROPRIETORS, MANAGERS, MID OFFICIALS (EXCtPT AGRIC . ) •••• 1----'Bui ld i ng c ontractors •••••••••••••••• ,.....................
833
832
1
808
807
1
13
13
Foresters, fore s t rangers, and timbe r crui se rs............
74
74
72
72
Hucksters, peddlers, and junk and rag deale rs.............
31 2
307
5
270
265
5
12
12
Trucking , transfer and cab companies , and garages.........
279
274
5
268
263
5
6
6
Retail deale rs and managers (n.e.c.)......................
2 ,1 85
1, 952
233
2,080
1,855
225
29
25
4
Other proprietors , managers. and of'i'icia ls ................
3 , 624
3 ,166
458
3 , 464
3 , 0 43
421
64
38
26
33
34
OFFICE WORKERS •••••••••••• ..• • •• •••• • •• • •••••••••••• ; ••• -~1,:7 ...,5,..,.
9'C'"3--t----=9 "-:8C:8'8C'"--t-_ _
7 _7,...0-=-5---t-_--=l-=6- 9""6'="0-+_---c9~. 48
=-:c:-5-+_ _
7~4c".:7c=:
5- + - - - '2~1..,.
5-+_ _ _1~0"=5-+---=ll=0Bookkeepers, accountant s , and a uditor s ....................
3 , 340
2 , 39 3
947
3,265
2 , 338
927
16
7
9
14
16
~~
~~=~t:r(n~=~~:r..~~.~~~'.::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::
6,:;:
4,!!i
l,~:
6,~ii
4,~~;
2
176
68
2 ,041
39
932
1 ,1 98
62
10;
2:
7
3
l
39
75
6
2
1
l
38
3
29
11
l
4
8
2
25
3
62
53
55
56
57
58
69
60
61
62
63
64
66
66
67
68
69
70
71
SKILIED WORKERS AND FOREMEN IN BLDG. AND CO!iSTRUCTI ON••• 1-----=34
-=---=3-=54
- "--t-----=3-=4 ~3=5-=-4-+-----+-----=3-=-1~8~7~5 ---t--~3,,.l.~8~7"'"
5- + - - - - + - - -7....,7..,..
•5- + - - -7....,7..,..5- + - - - l , 1 37
1,137
1,042
1,042
21
21
Dlacksmi tbs .. . ................ . ............... • •••••••••••
579
579
506
506
10
10
Boi lermakers •.• •.. . ••••..•••••.••.•••• • ••.....• , •...•••• • .
1,064
1, 06 4
903
903
55
55
Brick layers and stonemasons ....••...•...•.................
9,788
9 , 788
9 , 371
9 , 371
129
129
Carpente rs ................................. .. ............ .
2 , 037
2 , 037
1,490
1 , 490
123
123
Cement finisher s ............................... . ......... .
2 , 092
2 , 092
2 , 044
2 , 044
17
17
Electricians, ........................ , ................... .
637
637
609
609
9
9
Foremen: construction (except road) •••••• •• •••••••••••••••
760
760
728
728
4
4
Foremen: road and s treet construction •••••••••••••••••••••
2 , 057
2 , 057
1,935
1,935
21
21
Operators or enginee rs: stat'y and port. constr. equip't ••
7,165
7,165
6 , 733
6, 733
182
182
Painters (not in factory) •••••••••••.•••••••••••••••••••••
88
88
82
82
4
4
Paper hanger s •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••
1, 574
1 , 57 4
1, 342
1 , 342
112
112
Plastere r s ............................................... .
2 , 625
2 , 625
2 ,51 3
2 , 513
32
32
Plumbe r s , ga s and s team fitters ................ , ........ ..
603
603
579
579
Roofers •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••
227
227
220
220
Sheet me t al worke rs •••••••••••••..••••••••••••••••••••••••
92
92
85
85
Stonecutters and carvers •.....••.•.••................•....
620
620
566
566
10
Structu ral iron an d s teel workers ........................ .
397
397
380
380
3
3
Setters: marble, s tone, and tile .......... .... ...... . ... ..
812
8 12
747
747
42
42
othe r skilled worke rs in bu i l ding and con s tru ction • .. .••••
72
73
74
76
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
Cobblers and shoe r e pai rmen...............................
Conductors: steam and s treet rai l roads, and buses .........
Foremen (in factories)....................................
Foremen and inspector s ( exoe pt in factorie s )..............
Locomotive engineers and firemen ............... ,..........
Machini s ts, millwr ights, and toolmakers ...................
Mechanics (n.e.c.) .............._..........................
Molder s , founder • , and caste rs (metai)....................
Sawyers...................................................
Skilled workers in printing and e ngraving.................
Tailors and furr ie rs......................................
Tinsmiths and coppe rsmiths................................
Metal workers ( e xoe pt gold and silver) (n.e.c. ) . • .. • • .....
Skille d workers in mfg. and othe r industries (n . e .c. ).. • ••
91
235
97
352
177
280
32
208
882
l,:i:
SAL1',1:il1l>l'I AND lUl'llJJ{t;lJ WU.t<MJt<> ••••.••••••••••••••••.•••••• 1----=15=..,..:9c=.0-'..7-+---=l-=-0..,8"'6"-0-+---=5 ...,0'-4="-7-+---=1=5...,1=2-=-6-+---=l=
0 .,_2::.:6-=.6-+-~4.,_8=6-=-0-+---'1~44=-+---1=1=5- + - - - - '2=9Canvassers (solioitors,
458
346
112
443
334
109
8
7
1
Commercial travele r s ......................................
489
476
13
481
468
13
3
3
251
248
3
215
213
2
4
4
News boys ••••••••••••••••••••.•••••••••••••••••••••• , ••••••
Re al estate agents and i nsu rance age nts • ••.•••••••••••• • ••
694
2 , 296
1,616
680
46
36
10
2 , 366
1 , 672
8 , 804
Salesmen and saleswomen (retail stores) •••••••••••••••••••
4, 905
3 , 899
8,278
4 , 539
3,739
57
41
16
Othe r sale s persons and kind red workers •••••.•••• , ••••••••
3 , 539
3 , 21 3
326
3 ,41 3
3 , 096
317
26
24
2
92
93
94
237
273
420
2 ,218
319
964
1, 406
944
3
39
46
46
47
48
49
50
51
90
4
180
68
2 ,1 25
39
944
1, 246
66
42
3
42
Messenge rs and offi ce boys................................
Offi ce machine o pe rators,.................................
Office manage rs and bank te lle rs..........................
Stenogra pher s , stenotypists , and dictaphone operators.....
Te legraph and radio operators.............................
Te lephone operator s.. .....................................
Typists...................................................
other clerical and allie d workers .................. . ......
88
S9
279
101
356
182
288
34
225
900
45
58
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
54
28 3
28 1
424
2 , 307
327
978
1 ,471
966
58
2
1
1
any)..............................
10
->11.J.Li.i:.u WQruu,n.:,
ANlJ
Fvru,.n1:.1f 1N MFG . &: Oiru,n IN uuSTRIES..
Cabinetmakers.............................................
15 871
576
357
374
663
1,124
692
2 , 062
6,049
5 12
2.66'.
8 46
404
358
71
1,497
15 533
576
356
374
536
1 , 075
692
2 , 082
6 , 049
512
266
812
307
358
71
1,467
338
127
49
34
97
30
14 642
544
259
369
637
1,042
671
1,993
5 ,5 67
402
241
779
32:'I
336
63
1,416
14 321
544
259
369
514
994
671
1 ,993
5 , 567
402
241
745
235
336
63
1, 388
32 1
123
48
34
88
28
428
2
32
1
5
11
8
23
230
28
7
13
37
3
1
27
422
2
31
l
4
11
8
23
230
28
7
13
34
3
1
26
fi
-~.,~ M
NurtKERS IN 1' UJ.LlHN IJ AND CON;:,11tuC1J.ul'I ••••••• ;1----=2.:..
0 ...,l=l=l-+----=2-=-0...,l=l=l-+----+----=l'-'-7.,_2=9=3-+_~l'-'7.,_2=9= 3 - + - - - - + - - -8~8~4-+_ _ _8~ 8~ 4 ~ - - - - Appre ntices in building and c ons truction •••••••••••••• ,...
96
96
88
88
2
2
As phalt workers ........... ••• .......................... •••
107
107
24
24
36
36
Blasters (except i n mine s)................................
302
302
262
262
4
4
Caisson workers ••.•••• •,.••............. . .................
6
6
6
6
2
2
Cal.Ire rs ••••••••• , • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •
66
66
54
54
28
28
Firemen (exoept locomotive and fire department)...........
898
898
807
807
1
Includes wo rkers 16 through 64 years of age .
Dat a for Los Angeles County , California, have been adjusted from May 1935 to March 1935 by applying the r atio of the Ma r ch relief oase load (inc luding cases
without workers) to that of May.
3Includes white , Negro , other, and unknown color o r race .
'Not elsewhere classified.
2
6 Alpin,, and San Benito Counties either did not participate in the general relief program in March 1936 or had no rellef case• with workers.
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
OCCUPATION
39
TABLE !-WORKERS ON REIJEF, BY USUAL OCCUPATION, COLOR, AND SEX, FOR THE STATE: MARCH 1935-Continued
WHITE
TOTAL
NEGRO
USUAL OCCUPATION
TOTAL
MALE
FEMALE
95
96
97
98
99
100
SEMISKILLED WORKERS IN BLDG . .AND CONSTRUCTION - Cont.
Opera t ors of building and cons t ruction equipment •.•••••••
Pipelayers •• • ••• •• •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••
Rodman and chainmen ( surveying) •••••••••••••••• ••••••••• •
Truck and tracto r drivers ••••••••••••••••••••••••.•••••••
Welde rs •••••••..••.••••••••.•••.•••...•.•.. •.•• .•. ••• ..• ,
Othe r semiskilled workers in building and construction •• •
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
SEMISKI LLED WORKERS IN MFG. AND OTHER INDUSTRIES .• ..••• 1--~3~5 ~4=1=2-+-_...a2=2.£-'9=6=0-+-_....,1=2_._4=5=
2-+-_
Bake r s ... . . .. ................... .. .. . ....... ............ .
976
939
37
Brakemen (rai lroad)......................... . ............
373
37 3
Deliverymen..... ... ................................. . ....
1,390
1, 390
Dressmakers and milliners.......... . ..... . ...............
3 , 800
38
3 , 762
Filers , gr inde rs, buffe rs , and po l ishe rs (metal) .... . ....
222
2 19
3
Furnacemen, he a t ers, smeltermen, etc. (metal working) ....
101
101
Guards , watchme n, and doorke epers (except ra ilr oad) . . ....
5 45
5 42
3
Handic raft wo r ke rs: textile, wood , loather, metal, etc ...
83
30
53
Inside wo rke rs : mines •••• ••• ••• ·•• • ••••••·.. . ............
2,046
2 , 046
111
112
113
114
Ope rati ves (n .e. c . ) i n mfg . and all ied industries ••••••••
Che mical and allied indust r i es ••••••••• ••••••• ••••••.••
Cigar, ciga r ette, and toba cco factories • • ••••••••••••••
Cl ay, gla ss , e.nd s t one indu st ries ••••••••••••••••••••••
16 , 284
294
127
580
9,09 4
262
115
116
117
118
Cloth ing industr ies ••••••••••.••• • •••••••.•••••••••••••
Shirt, collar and cuff factories ••••••• •• •••••••• •• ••
Suit, coat , and d res s f a ctories ••••••••••••••••••••••
Clothin g industr ies ( n . e . c . ) ••••••• ••••••• •••••••••••
1 , 713
82
912
719
1,52 2
256
405
13 , 081
665
2 ,7 07
TOTAL
1 , 247
171
396
11 , 373
607
2 , 258
1, 52 2
256
405
13 , 081
665
2 , 707
MALE
FEMALE
1, 247
171
396
11 , 373
607
2 , 258
TOTAL
HALE
69
14
1
614
11
103
F™ALE
69
14
1
614
11
103
_,2=9~ 2=3=0-+-_....,1"""
9~ la..a4=2- + - - 'l=0....0"-'8=8- + --=l"'-8"-'2=0-+_-=l"-='
15:.::3-+---"-'66::..:7_
856
823
33
17
14
3
365
365
2
2
1 , 215
1, 215
69
69
3 ,194
35
3 ,159
368
2
366
208
205
3
5
5
75
75
10
10
494
492
2
31
30
72
27
45
1 , 738
1, 738
14
14
13 , 071
267
93
407
7, 418
238
55
378
5 , 653
29
38
29
575
9
7
20
297
547
7 ,1 90
32
50
33
299
4
135
160
1 ,414
78
777
559
1 , 22 3
70
578
575
228
995
66
485
444
117
19
98
88
24
15
73
20
127
23
103
41
1
20
20
48
48
7
7
7
4
5
77
4
93
131
119
Electric light and powe r plants ••• ••••••.••••••••••••••
309
307
300
299
120
121
122
123
Food and beve rage industries ••••••••••••• • •••••••••••••
Bake r ies •.••••••••••••••••••• • ••••••••••••••••••••.••
Slaughter and meat packing houses ••••••• .•••• ••••••••
Food and beve rage industrie s (n . e . c . ) • •••••• • •••. .•••
5 , 478
1 31
338
5,009
1 , 916
61
285
1 , 5 70
3 , 562
70
53
3 , 439
4 , 396
113
229
4 , 054
1, 558
53
200
1,305
2,638
60
29
2,749
124
125
126
127
128
129
I r on and steel, machinary, and vehi cle industrie s •..•••
Aut omobile f a ctor i e s ••••••••••••.••••••••••..••••••••
Aut omobile repa ir shops • • ••••••••••••••••••••••••••.•
Bl a st fu rnace s and steel r olling mills •. •••••• •••••••
Car and railroad shops •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••
Iron and steel, machinery, & veh ic le ind's (n.e.c .) ••
1, 592
355
128
122
171
8 16
1, 565
344
128
122
170
801
27
11
1, 324
325
105
96
146
652
26
11
1
15
1 , 350
336
105
96
147
666
1
14
130
131
132
13 3
134
Laundr ies and d ry c l e ani ng e stablishments ••••••••••••••
Lumber and f'urniture industries ••••••••••••••••• • ••••••
Metal i n dustries (except iron and steel) ••••••••• • •••••
Pe.pe r , printing, and all ied industries ••••••••• • •••••••
Shoe f act ories •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••
1 , 995
1,292
364
475
177
782
1 ,251
328
26 7
147
1,213
41
36
208
30
1 , 476
1 , 080
292
423
15 2
541
1 , 045
26 1
234
123
135
136
1 37
1 38
Textile industr ies ••• • ••••••• • ••• •••• • • .•.••• • •••••••••
Cotton mills ••••••••••••• • ••• •• ••••••••••••••••••••••
Woo len and wor sted mills •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••
Te xt ile indus tries (n.e . c.) ••••••••••••••• •• ••••••• ••
51 7
82
57
378
249
53
34
162
268
29
23
216
448
68
44
336
20
5
1
4
5
5
4
25
25
935
35
31
189
29
143
34
12
5
59
34
12
203
40
23
140
245
28
21
196
10
233
5
278
9
4
86
3
83
4
5
4
2
4
139
Misc . and not spec ifi ed manufactu r ing industri es • • ••.••
1 , 3 71
1, 097
274
1, 164
931
140
141
142
143
Painters , varnishe rs, enamele r s , etc . ( factory) • •••• • • •••
Switchmen, flagmen , and y ardmen ( railroad ) •••••••• •• •••••
Taxicab d rivers, bu s d r ivers, and chauffeurs •• ••••••• ••••
Othe r semiskilled wo r kers in mf g . and other industries •••
684
39 7
1 , 557
6,95 4
673
397
1 , 550
5 , 568
11
541
362
1 , 004
6,035
532
362
998
4 , 857
144
145
146
147
148
H9
UNSKI lLED LABORERS (EXCEPT IN AGRICULTURE) •••••• • ••••• •t---=2'-"
6-"'3"-'0"5" + - - '2""
6-"2""1"'6- + - - - - - '8""9-+-....:l=-:.7.._3
:a:.:3=-=0-+-....:l=-:.7.._2
::.:6=-=0- + - - -7'-"0-+----'1"'-""
53e.,4'-+----'l"'-""
53e,.s0' - - + - - -..2..Labore r s i n manufa cturi ng and allied industries ..........
4 , 426
4 , 368
58
2 , 960
2 , 910
50
154
153
Clay , g l ass , and s t one indust r ies .......... .. . .... . .. ..
56 1
561
200
200
22
22
I r on and stee l, machine ry, and vehic le industries ......
546
545
1
307
306
1
30
30
Lumber and f ur n H ure industries • • ••••••••.•• • ••••••••• ,
6 19
6 14
5
471
466
5
34
34
Othe r manufactu r ing and a llied indu str ies ..............
2,700
2 , 648
52
1 , 982
1, 938
44
68
67
1 50
1 51
1 52
1 53
154
155
1 56
157
1 58
159
160
16 1
La borers except in mfg. and all i e d industries •• ••••••••••
Mines, quarries , and oil and gas wells ••• • •• • ••• ••• .•••
Odd jobs (general ) ••••.•••••• • • • •••••••••• •··•••••• ••••
Railroads (ste am and street) •• ••••••• •••••••••• ••• •••••
Roads , st reets, and s ewe r s •• .. . ....•. • .............•.••
St o r es (including porter s in stores) ••••••••••••• ••••••
La),ore r s and helper s (n. e. o. ) in bldg . e.nd const •••••••
Longshoremen e.nd stevedo r es •••••••••••••• •••• • • ••• •• •• ,
Lumbe rmen, raftsmen, and woocl.choppe r s ••••••••••••••••••
St reet cleane rs, garbage men , and s cavenge rs •••••.•••••
Teamste r s and d raymen •••••••••••• •• •••••• • •••••••••••••
Othe r laborers , except mfg. and allied ind ' s (n . e . c . ) ••
16 2
163
164
165
166
167
168
169
170
171
172
173
174
176
D011ESTI C AND PERSONAL SERVI CE WORKERS ••• • •••••• • •••••• •i----=2~8 ~1=2~3-+-_....:1=2...3~7~8-+---'1 5
=_._7....:45
~+---=1=9~ 1...7...a
4-+----"
8...0=9=8- + - - '1=1...0"-'7-"
6-+---=6.._2
::.:2:.:3- + - - =2c...8:a:.:0:.:1'-1-_---'3""-"'
42::..:2:__
Barber and beauty · shop worke r s . • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •
1, 277
7 40
537
1,08 4
6 18
466
94
36
58
Bootblacks ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••.••••••••••• , • •
146
146
38
38
89
89
Cleane r s and charwome n. .......... ... ........... ...... ....
18 4
83
101
123
65
58
45
15
30
Cooks and chefs (except in pr ivate f amily) . ... . ..........
4 , 246
3 , 361
885
3 , 228
2,500
728
675
555
120
Elevat or ope r ato rs ••••••••••••••••• • ••••••••••.•• , • • • • • • •
417
367
50
316
276
40
72
63
9
J anitor s, car etake r s, and s e xtons • • ·••••••••·••••••••••••
2 ,157
1 , 984
173
1, 049
937
112
947
900
47
La und r esse s (not in laund ry) •••••••••• • •••• •••• ···•····••
406
7
399
177
4
173
179
2
177
Porte ra (except in stor es) ....... .. ......................
525
52 4
1
82
82
414
414
Pl"a ctical nu r ses , hospital attendants, and orde r lies .....
2 , 188
3 27
1 , 861
2 , 073
316
1 ,7 57
81
4
77
Servants (hote l s, board ing h ouses, e t c . ) (n. e . c . ) .. •• • •• •
2 , 501
1 , 097
1,404
1, 667
752
915
513
79
434
Se rvants (private family) •••••••••••• • •••••• • • ·•••••·••••
6 , 554
310
6,244
3 , 475
82
3 , 393
2 , 225
103
2 ,122
Waiter s , wait resses , e.nd bartenders..... .... .. ...........
3 , 378
1 , 283
2 , 095
2,681
825
1 , 856
456
343
113
Othe r d oma stic and personal se r vice workers . ..... . .... ...
4 ,1 44
2 ,149
1, 995
3,181
1, 603
1, 5 78
433
198
235
176
177
178
179
FAlu'! OPERATORS AND LABORERS •••••••••••••••• • •••••••••• •t-_..:;
2.;:.
4 '-:l;;:
2-:-9 -+_..;;2.;;.
3 '-:2;;;9,,,.
3-+--....:8:.::3"=°
6-+_....,1""
5 .a.:l:--::774- + - - 1'-"
4.a..,8:-,:4'::3- + - -....:3:.:3;,;l-+--....:8::.a:le.::::6- + -- -7'-'5"'9- + - - - - - '5'-"7Fam foremen, manage r s , e.nd overseers . . ..................
579
577
2
509
507
2
4
4
Fe.rm laborers ••••••• • •••••••••••••• • •• • • , • ••• ••••••••••• ,
18 , 687
17 , 907
780
10,234
9 , 953
28 1
695
638
57
Farmer• • •• ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••· ••·• •••••·••
4, 863
4, 809
54
4 , 431
4 , 383
48
117
117
180
181
182
INEXPERIENCED PERSONS ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 't----,3_2 -.1....:
4_7 -+----,7 ~8...6~8 -+-_....:2~4 ...2~7~9-+--....:2~6 ~5....:1=
5 -+-_~
6 - 3""'8=1-+-....:2~0 ...l...3""
4-+---=
1...1...8...7- + - - -2...9'""9- + - - -8"-'8=8Persons 16- 24 years of a ge ( inclu sive). ..................
16 , 584
7,317
9 , 267
13,151
5 , 913
7 , 238
636
275
361
Persons 25 years of age and over.... . ....................
15,563
551
15 , 0 1 2
13,364
468
12 , 8 96
551
24
527
183
UNICIIOWN OCCUPATION •••••••••••• •••• ••• • ••••••••••••••• •
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
21, 8 79
1 , 434
2 ,183
1,502
4 , 241
1, 289
6 , 822
435
1, 216
72
9 12
1,773
2 633
21, 848
1 , 434
2 , 178
1 , 502
4 , 241
1 , 266
6 , 822
435
1 , 216
72
912
1,770
1 6 70
7
1 , 386
31
23
863
14, 370
1 , 258
1 , 572
494
2,408
898
4 , 335
351
1, 048
35
643
1, 328
1 5 79
14, 350
1 , 258
1, 569
494
2 , 408
883
4 , 335
35 1
1 , 048
35
643
1,326
872
6
1,178
20
37
33
27
26
6
6
492
204
491
187
1, 380
15
707
1 , 377
8
8
108
108
73
230
86
564
37
16
23
40
192
73
230
89
56 4
37
16
23
40
192
72
1
17
39
33
WORKERS ON RELIEF-COLORADO
40
TABLE I-WORKERS' ON RELIEF, BY USUAL OCCUPATION, COLOR, AND SEX, FOR THE STATE: 4 MARCH 1935
'001'AL2
WHITE
NEGRO
USUAL OCCUP.A?ION
MALE
TOTAL
TOTAL.••••• ••••••••• ••••••••.
75 ,413
TOTAL
FfflALE
57 , 599
17, 814
64 , 413
Fffl.ALE
HALE
48,872
TOTAL
15 , 541
1,368
MALE
873
4 95
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
16
16
17
PROFESSIONAL AND TECHNICAL WORKERS .••.•••••••••••••••••• t--_ _
1.._,04-:-::6-+-_ _ _5...,8,,,0-+-_ _ _4_6..,,6-+----9-.9=3-+------'-54....7-+_ _ _44_6......4-_ _ _2~9......+_ _ _1;.;.....44-_ _ _;_15'-Actors...................................... ... ...........
16
10
5
13
6
5
2
2
Archite ct·s ................................................
13
13
12
12
Artists, sculptors, and teachers of
40
34
39
33
Chemists, assayers, and metallu r gists .....................
21
21
21
21
Clergymen and religious workers. . ... ......................
50
48
47
45
Designers.................................................
6
1
5
1
Draftsmen... • • • • • • . • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • . . • • • . • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •
44
44
44
44
Engineers (te chnical) •••••••••.• ·••••••••••••·••••·•••••••
85
85
85
85
Lawyers, judges, and justices ••• , •••••••••••• , ............
6
6
6
6
Librarians and librarians' assistants.....................
16
2
14
16
2
14
48
11
Musicians and teachers of music...........................
149
97
52
130
82
89
3
Nurses (trained or registered).,.......... .. .... .... ......
96
4
92
93
4
Physi cians , surgeons , and dentists •• • ••••••• ,.............
17
17
17
17
Playground and rec reational workers .......................
16
13
15
12
Reporters, e ditors, and journalists • •.••••••••• •••••·•·•·•
15
13
15
13
18
19
20
Te ache rs ••••••••••••••••••••••••• , •.•••••••.••••••••••••.•
College ins t ructo r s and profe ssors •••••••.. .• •••••••••••
Primary and seoondary s chool, and teachers (n.e.c.H •• •.
334
7
7
327
76
251
318
6
312
70
21
other professional worke r s •••••••••..•.. . .•••••••• • •••••••
53
37
16
51
36
15
22
23
24
25
Othe r semi professional workers ••••••.•••.••• ••.• ••..•••••.
Ab s t r acters, n otaries , and justices of peace • • • .. .. ....... .
Technicians and laboratory as sistants ••••• ,,., •.•..••.••
Semiprofessional workers (n.e. c.) , •••••.•••••.••••••••••
70
52
18
66
50
16
15
55
9
6
6
12
15
51
9
43
41
10
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
PROPRIETORS, MANAGERS, AND OFFICIALS (EXCEPT AGRI C. ) •.•. l------'5"-:7~2-+_ _....;5::..;3':=4-+----'3':'8-+---5::..;4;;;8-+_ _ _5::.;l.;;1-+-----'3;..,;7-+----i:-+-----:::--+---~
Bui lding contractors ..... ....... ................ ........ ..
94
93
1
88
87
1
Foresters, forest rangers, and timbe r cruisers.... ........
13
13
13
13
Hucksters, pedd lers , and junk and rag deale rs . ............
23
23
22
22
Trucking, transfer and cab companies , and garages. ........
24
24
24
24
9
Retail dealers and manage rs (n. e . c . ) ....... .. .............
1 69
1 60
9
1 63
154
27
Othe r proprie t or s , managers, and of ficials ............. . ..
249
221
28
238
211
2
3
art...................
83
251
~d·~~d;_t~~;: : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : 1 - - - -2..,;ee!,::~-+---1._,•~'"'!"'6-+-----,~,..,,;=~- + - - -2
76
242
6
242
;,-~
, -+---
9
1 1 1
~=~=
1~- + - --=-•=2~,..,-+---1.-,
1
-.
L~- - + - - - - .~, - + - - - -
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
11assengers and of'f i ce b oys .. ......... .... .. ...............
Off ice machine ope r ators,. .. . .............................
Office mana gers 8.l'l_; bank tel.le r s ..........................
Stenogra phers, ste:n:citypis.s, and dicta.phone operators .....
Te le graph and rad io operators.... ...... .. .... .. .... . . . . • • •
Te lephone operators •.••••• ,...............................
Typists •••• , •••••••••••• , ••••••• , ••••••••••••••••• ,.......
Othe r clerical and allied worke r s •••• ,....... . ............
46
46
47
48
49
50
51
SAIESMEN AND KINDRED WORKERS ••••••••••••••••••.••••••..• i---~1...8~3~5-+-_ _
1_ 3....4=5-+-_ _ _4=9~0-+-_ _
1._7....6""'1-+----"1......_
28....6-+---4~7~5- + - - ~1=3--+--~1=2---i---~1~
Canvass ers ( s olicitors, any) ••. ·•••••·••·•••· •••••• ••••·••
64
56
8
64
56
8
Crnmnercie.l travele r s ......................................
31
31
31
31
!iewsboys ........................... •. • •••• ••• • •. •. • • • • • • • .
21
20
1
20
19
1
Real estate a.gents and insurance agents •.•.•••••••.• •• ••• ,
1 23
108
15
116
101
15
Salesmen and sale s women (retail stor es) ••••.•••• ••••••••..
1,169
726
443
1,109
681
428
Othe r sales persons and kindred workers .......... . ........
427
404
23
421
398
23
62
53
SKILIED WORKERS AND FOREMEN Iii BLDG . AND CONSTRUCTION . ••l---.1Ll
48al.lil?.__?1---~
48al.li:?'-"1?-4-_ _ _-=-.,1-_~
4">!.>'~u....
~ ,1--.:.14c.t.61<>::u;,._?+-----='.--l-----'
,;
5~0~ - - - - - 's,/.l,10t...l,_ _ _~
Blacksmiths ••••• , ••••• , •• , ••• • ••••••••••••••••••• , ••• ,....
274
274
262
262
Boilermakers, ••••••••••••••••••••• ,., •••••••••• , ••••• ,....
85
85
79
79
Brick layers and ~tonemasons...............................
301
301
275
275
Carpente rs ..... .. ... , ••• ,............ . ..... ... ............
1 , 450
1 , 450
1, 409
1,409
Ce ment finishers., ••••••• , ••••••••••••••••••••••• , ••••••• ,
214
214
1 96
196
Electricians •••••••••••••••••••••••• , • •••••• , •• , ••• ,......
1 86
1 86
1 83
1 83
Foremen: construction (except road) •• , ••••..• ,............
72
72
72
72
For e men: road and s treet construction ••••••••••• ,, •••• ,...
134
134
130
130
Operators or engine e rs: stat•y·and port. c ons tr. equip 't ..
433
433
409
409
Painters (not i n factory) ••••••.••••. . •••.•• • •• , •• , • • • • • • •
914
914
892
892
Paper hangers ••••• , ••••••••• • ••••••.•••••••.• ,............
35
35
34
34
Pla stere r s •••••••••••••••• , ••• , , ••••••••••••••• , • , • • . • • • • •
164
164
150
150
Plumbe r s , ga s and steam fitters ••.••••••••••••. , . • • • • • • • • •
276
276
263
263
Roofers •••••••••••••••• , •••••••••• ••• ••••••••••••••• , • • • • •
62
62
60
60
Sheet metal workers •••• , •••••• , • . • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •
13
13
13
13
Stonecutters and c a rve rs ••••••••• ,................. . ..... .
27
27
26
26
Structura l i ron and s tee 1 wor kers . • • . • . . . • • • • • • • • . • . • • . • • •
84
84
82
82
Setters: ms..rb le, s tone , and tile .. .. ..... . ................
15
15
15
15
othe r skilled worker s in building and construction. .. . . ...
83
83
82
82
54
55
56
67
58
69
60
61
62
63
64
66
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
76
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
Bo~:!;!e~~~:~~~t~t;: •
~~=~t: r(n~::~:r.. ~~- ~~~ ~::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::
-=-•
8;~
58
24
14
313
42
102
181
102
60:
58
11
13
30
39
1
33
91
2~
13
1
283
3
1 01
148
11
8;~
54
24
14
308
42
1 01
174
101
57:
54
11
13
30
39
1
32
90
2!!
13
l
278
3
1 00
142
11
SKILLED WORKERS AND FOREMEN IN HFG. & OTHER INDUSTRI ES •• l----"'
2""5""0"'
8-+-----"'
2""'4=8=3-+-----=2=
5-t----"2L3e.::8=6-t----"2L3..,6:.=l- 1-_ ___,2,.,,5-+-----'3"-"9'--+-----'3""9' - - 4 - - - Cabine tmakers •••••••••••••••••••••••• • •.••••••• • ,.........
42
42
41
41
l
l
Cobblers and shoe repairmen., •••••••••••••••• , •• , • • • • • • • • •
78
78
72
72
l
1
Conductors: steam and s treet railroad s, and buses. . .......
23
23
22
22
Foremen ( in fa.ctorie s), ..... ..... ... . ... , • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • .
77
71
72
66
6
3
Foremen and inspectors ( e xcept in fact ories) ,............ .
200
197
1 88
185
Locomotive engineers and firemen, •••••••••••••••••••••••• ,
258
258
25 2
25 2
3
Machini sts, millwrights, and too lmakers .,.................
314
314
298
298
3
3
Mechanics (n.e.o.)............... ..... ..... .. ..... . .......
1 ,136
1,136
1, 094
1, 094
19
19
Molders , founders, and casters (metal ) ....................
56
56
45
45
5
5
Sawyers •••• • • , • , •••••• , ••••••••••••.••. , • • • • • • • • . • . • • • • • • •
21
21
20
20
Skilled workers in printing and engravinj!;.................
85
82
3
82
79
Tailors and furriers ••••• ,., •••• •• ••••••••.•••••••••••• ,..
34
25
9
28
19
Tinsmiths and coppersmiths................................
52
52
49
49
Metal workers (except gold and silver) (n.e.c. ) .. • . . •• • •• •
10
10
9
9
Skilled workers in mfg. and othe r industries (n.e .c. ) .....
122
118
4
114
110
SE!1ISKILU:D WORI'.ERS IN BUILDING AND CONSTRUCTION • •• ••••• i---.a..
3""4~5.a..
5-+----"-3""
. 4~5.a..
5-+-----+--..::.
3""'2::.:3..::.3-t-----"3"-'•2::.:3. .::.3-1-----+---....;4::.:5'--+-----'4::.:5' - - + - - - Appre ntices in building and con struction •••••••••••••• ,...
16
16
16
16
As phalt workeri, ••.•••••••••••••••••••••••• , ••••••••.•• ••••
8
8
3
3
Blasters (exoept in mines) ••••• , •••• ••• ,..................
57
57
57
57
Caisson workers ••••••• •,••• ••••• • •••••••••••••••••••••••.•
9
9
9
Callee rs., ••••• •• • ••••• , ••••••••••••••• ,., ••••••••••••••• ,.
249
249
221
221
Firemen (exce pt locomotive and fire department) •••••••••••
7
'Includes worke rs 1 6 through 64 year s of a ge.
Inoludes wh i te, Negro, other, and unknown color or re.oe,
'Not elsewhere cla.ssif'ied.
'Mineral County either d id not participate in the general relief progra11 ln March 19311 or had no relief caoes with workers.
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
OCCUPATION
41
TABLE I-WORKERS ON RELIEF, BY USUAL OCCUPATION, COLOR, AND SEX, FOR THE STATE: MARCH 1935-Continued
TOTAL
WHITE
NEGRO
USUAL OCCUPATION
TOTAL
FEliALE
MALE
TOTAL
95
96
97
98
99
100
SEMISKILLED WORKERS I N BLDG. AND CONSTRUCTION - Cont.
Operator s of building and construction equipment • • •••••••
Pipelayer s • • • , . , .... , .. , ............ . ............. .. .... .
Rodmen and chaimnen (su rveyin g) ••• • ••••• • •• • • ••• • ••••• •••
Tru ck and tra ctor dr iver s , ••••••••••••••• • • •• •• ••. •• •••• •
We l de rs • • .••. •• .• • •• • .•••••.. • • . . • •.• • ••• .• . •. •.. • . • . •• ••
Other semiskilled wor ke r s in building and const ruction •• •
101
10 2
103
104
10 5
106
107
108
109
110
SEMISKILLED WORKERS IN MFG. AND OTHER I NDUSTRIES . . . • • •• t - - --7~, 3:-9c-=3---1-_ _5~::ti:5c-:2c-+_ _1~ 54-::-1 -t--_
Bakers •• • ••••••••• • ••• • •••• • ••• • •• ,, ••• , • • •• • ••••••.•• ,..
1 51
145
6
Br akemen (rai l r oa d) •• • • • • , ••• , • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • . • • • •
96
96
Deliverymen....... . ..... . ........ . .. . . . .. . ... .. .... . .....
356
356
Dr essmaker s and milliners ........... ........ .. . .. .. .. .,..
1 , 05 2
6
1 , 046
Filers , grinde rs, buffers , and polishers (metal) ....... . .
14
14
Furnacemen, he a t ers, smelte rmen , etc. (metal working ) ....
51
51
Guards , watchmen, and doorkeepe r s (except railroad ) . . ... .
84
84
Handicraft worke r s: t e xtile, wood, l eather, met al, etc ,..
13
1
12
Inside workers: mines ................. . .... .. ........ . ...
3, 003
3 , 003
111
112
113
114
Operatives (n.e . c . ) in mfg. and a llied indu str i es ...... ..
Chemical and a llied industr ies ... . .. . ... ... .. . .... ... . .
Cigar , cigare tte , and tob a cco fac t o ries ••• • •••••••• • •••
Clay , glass , and stone i ndu stries . ........ .. .... .. ... ..
1 , 643
20
17
115
116
117
118
Clothing industr i es ••••••••••••••••••••. •• • • •••••••••••
Shirt , collar and cuff fa ctories . .......... . ........ .
Suit , c oat , and dress factorie s ....•...•. . .........••
Clothing industr ies (n. e . o . ) . . .. ... .. . . . . . . . ... . .. . . .
215
23
26
2, 51 8
80
254
207
22
26
2, 366
79
227
215
23
26
2, 518
80
254
FfflALE
HALE
TOTAL
207
22
26
2, 366
79
227
_6~,'::46c-:6c-+_ _5~••"'
03::c3:--t_
142
136
93
93
341
341
98 2
5
12
12
31
31
80
80
12
1
2, 459
2 1 459
23
453
1
72
93
18
5
3
3
42
46
10
8
32
38
40
44
31
37
1 08
19
17
72
40
138
266
344
21
124
1 99
273
44
27
69
90
43
273
44
27
69
90
43
229
83
29
74
76
81
29
45
4
153
45
1
10
1
35
5
1 , 061
16
13
63
420
1
2
1,481
17
16
65
75
87
16
71
Electric light and powe r plan t s ... .... ... ...... .. ..... .
Food and beve rage i nd ust r ies . .. ........... . .. . ... . .. •••
Bake ries •••••••• •• • • •• •• ••• •• ••••• ••••• • • ••• • • •• •• • ••
Slaughte r and meat packing houses ••••• •• , ••• • ••• • • •••
Food and beverage i ndustries (n.e . c . ) • • , ,,, • • • ····• ••
491
44
1 68
279
383
25
151
207
124
125
126
127
128
129
Iron and steel, machi nery, and vehicle industries •.•• • •
Automobi l e f a ctor i es . ........... . .. . .. .. ...... . .... . .
Aut omobile repa i r shops . .. ... . . . .. . ... .. ..... .. ..... .
Bl a s t fu rnaces and s teel r o ll i ng mills . . . .. . . ...... ..
Car and rail r oad shops .. ...... . . .... ..... . ... . . . ... . .
I r on and stee l , machinery , & vehicle ind 's (n . e . c,) • •
31 5
45
29
85
100
56
31 5
45
29
85
1 00
56
130
1 31
132
133
134
Laundries and dry c l e aning establishments • •• • • •• • ••••••
Lumber and furniture industries • •• • • ••••• •• •• •• ••••••• ,
Metal i n dust r i es ( e x ce pt iron and steel) . .. .. ... ..... ..
Paper, printing, and allied industries . . . .. .... .. ... . ..
Shoe fact ories • . • . .... • .•..... . . • .....•.. ... . . • .. . • .••.
255
93
34
86
91
34
47
6
4
135
136
137
138
Texti le i ndustries •• • •••••••••.•• • •••••• • • •• • •• • • • • ••••
Cotton mills .. . .. ...... .. . .. .. ... ... .. .. .... .... . ... .
Woo le n and wor s ted mills .. . ...... . . .. ... .. .. . .... . ,. ,
Textile i ndust r i es (n .e . c , ) ......... . ... . .. . . . . . . . .. .
49
1
11
1
38
48
10
Z9
44
139
Misc . and not specified manufactu r ing industries • • • • • • •
120
97
23
112
90
22
140
141
142
143
Pa inte r s , va rni she rs, ename lers , etc . (fa ctory ) ... . ... .. .
Switchmen, flagmen, and yardmen ( railroa d) . .. .. .. .. .. ... .
Taxi c ab drivers , bu s dri ve rs , and chauffeurs . .. ..... . ... .
Other semiskilled worke rs i n mf g . and other industrie s •• •
90
102
99
639
90
102
98
616
1
23
81
93
80
579
81
93
79
561
1
18
144
145
146
147
148
149
UNSKILLED LABORERS (EXCEPT IN AGRICULTURE) • • •••• • • •• •• •l----"0:.r."'>ll''="' 1----'q'-'-=:,;snl.....l-Labore r s in manufa ctur ing and allied industries . . . .. ... ..
1 , 003
996
Clay , gla ss , and s t one industries ....... .. ...... . ......
94
94
Iron and steel, machinery , and vehicle i ndu stries ... . ..
341
341
Lumber and furniture indus t ries . .. .. . .. .. . . ...... .. ....
122
122
Other manufacturing and all i ed industries •• •••• • • •• ••• ,
446
4 39
1 50
1 51
1 52
1 53
154
1 55
156
157
Laborers except in mfg. and a llied industries •• • ••••• • • ••
Mines, quarries, and oil and gas we lls . . . ... .. ..... .. . .
Odd jobs ( general ) . .. .. .. .. . . ... . ..... ... ... .. . . ... ... .
Railroa ds (steam and st reet ) ....... . . . ... .. . . ., ...... .,
Ro a ds , street s , and s ewe r s ............. . .. ....... ..... .
St ores (including po rters in stores) ... .. .......... .. ..
Labore r s and helpe r s ( n . e . o . ) in bldg. and canst .. ... . .
Longshoremen and ste vedores ..... . ... .. ........ . .. .... ..
1 58
159
Lumbermen ., raftsmen., and woo dchoppers .. . . . . • . ••. ... ,.••
St r eet c leane r s , garbage men ., and s cavenge r s •. ••.. . .•• •
160
161
Te am ste r s and draymen •• • ••••••• •• • • • • •••• • •••••• • •• , •••
Othe r l aborers , except mfg . and all i ed ind 's (n .e . c ,) ..
77
8, 363
351
3, 086
1 , 221
1 , 353
130
1 , 237
1
235
19
265
465
2
30
2
100
19
14
67
6 , 953
291
2, 714
784
1 , 1 83
106
1,038
1
1 91
12
23 2
401
14
13
13
1
13
2
2
35
2
2
1
19
17
1
19
15
-=--
---"
?.._17L .4- - - ! <2L
1 71...-4_ _ _
29
29
6 , 944
291
2, 707
784
1 , 183
1 05
1 , 038
1
1 91
12
232
400
24
24
1 88
1 88
6
6
35
19
27
11
71
35
19
27
11
71
1
2
1
4
4
12
12
2
162
163
164
166
166
167
168
169
170
171
1 72
173
174
175
DOMESTI C AllD PERSONAL SERVICE WORKERS , .••• • ••• •• ••• • •• •1----5~ 3- 5_8_,__~1~ 5=3~6---1--~3~. 82=2'-+_~4~ 33~5---1--- l-·=132.._,._~ 3-, .=
20=
)3'--+_-~
5=
5 7'-+-----"2-'-'
83'-+Barber and beauty shop worke r s.. .. ............ ...........
225
167
58
209
153
56
6
5
Boot blacks .. . .... . •• . .... .. ...... ...... . ..... . ... . ... .,••
12
12
6
6
3
Cleaners and charwome n •• • • ••• • •••• • ••••• • • , . . . ....... .. ..
134
14
120
109
12
97
5
58
Cooke and chefs (except in pr ivate family) .. .. ......... ..
670
482
1 88
563
396
167
72
3
Ele va to r ope rato r s ,........ .... . .. .. .. . .. ......... . . .. . . .
34
21
13
28
17
11
4
89
J an itors , caretake r s, and sextons • • • • ,, •••• • • • • •••••• ,. . .
332
287
45
214
1 81
33
99
Laund r esses (not in l aund ry).... . .... ..... .... .. .. . .. .. ..
127
2
1 26
97
2
95
20
80
Porters (except in s tores).... . ... .. . .. ..... .... ... . ... ..
1 03
103
21
21
80
Practical nurses, hos pital attendants, and orde r lies .....
31 8
39
279
308
36
272
3
10
Servants (hotel s, boar ding houses , et c . ) (n . e . c . ) ..... ...
360
1 61
1 99
256
122
134
46
6
Se rvants {private f amily) ... . ...... .... .. .. ... ... ....... .
1 , 987
23
1 , 964
1 , 620
13
1. 607
176
Waiter s , wait resse s, and bartenders .. .. . .. .. . . . ..... .. . • •
· 481
76
405
435
51
384
22
19
10
Other domestic and personal se r vice workers... . .... .... . .
575
149
426
469
122
347
21
176
l 77
178
179
FARM OPERATORS AND LABORERS ....................... .. . "l-----!::>...,.5:.,.4:..J7~8:..+-_
Farm foremen , managers, and ove rseers . ....... .. ..........
32
Farm labore r s . . . . . .. ... .. ..... ..... . . .. .. ...... . ... . .. . .. .
13,763
Farmers ................. . ..... ..... ....... ... .. . ....... . ,
11, 683
180
181
182
I NEXPER IENCED PERSONS •• •• • • •••• • •• • • • ••• •••• •• • •• • • ••• •1---<le.:l.o.;3=<>5'-"3-+---=l.._o
,·8
,.,""4'-+_
Persons 16- 24 years of age ( inclu sive ) ...... . . ....... ... ,
5 , 848
1,62 9
Persons 25 years of age and ove r . . ... ..... ... ........ . ...
5 , 505
55
1 83
II NKNQWN OCCUPATION•• •• •• ••• • • • • •• • •• • •• • • • • ••• •••• • •••
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
1 02
_.?<:!,4:.r.7......,.?:,;' - I - - --.L>l.>7
ss/.....l-_
30
2
1 3 ,124
639
11, 569
114
88
_.::>.:,•0:.,...,,~.,,,__
" -1-~1._.ci'-'-.1..i!.17
q1'-+_ _ _-"':,;6;;,'4
s -_
31
29
2
8, 936
8, 687
249
11, 1 89
11, 075
114
__.,9'"'-""""
"1;ci' -+--~l..,O'"'-="
ri4s'-+_
4 , 219
5 , 080
5 ,450
4 , 965
14
84
10
29
- ~1..,,r;/ .....l----'7_,,......,.
7n7'-+--"7C...:...z.
" 0 ,"-+_ _ _ 1...,r'; -+754
747
62
62
214
214
115
115
363
366
8, 354
351
3, 079
1 , 221
1 , 353
129
1 , 23 7
1
235
19
265
464
29
2
119
1 C9
39
3
1 20
121
1 22
123
444
23
_ l=,·------,
43,3:--t---------,
.1.:,,1: --t---------,
.l.~4=-t_ _ _ _
33_
6
2
2
1
1
6
6
21
977
21
1
5
1
11
42
42
1 , 1 90
19
14
70
3
HALE
_
__...1.._...._.<1.71'-+- - - 'R"',u.;;
s 7,1.' -+-1,420
3 , 660
51
4 , 914
73
11
-
---"2-'74~
1
6
14
1
10
20
3
36
170
3
11
___:4:.t!
b2~ - --4::t,2~----=-19
23
19
23
- •l-,u....
97 +-78
119
4
-
-"'-'
30"-+_
29
1
_ __.
1.,,_
6, 7.__
49
118
42
WORKERS ON RELIEF-CONNECTICUT
1
TABLE l-WORKERS ON RELIEF, BY USUAL OCCUPATION, COLOR, AND SEX, FOR THE STATE: MARCH 1935
TOTAL
2
WHITE
NEGRO
USUAL OCCUPATION
TOTAL •••• •• ••••••••••• ••••••·
2
3
4
5
6
7
TOTAL
HALE
65 , 66 9
44 , 194
TOTAL
FfflALE
21, 475
FfflALE
HALE
61, 546
41 , 879
19 , 667
TOTAL
HALE
3 , 941
2 ,1 93
1. 748
9
10
11
12
13
14
16
16
17
PROFESSIONAL AND TECHNICAL WORKERS •••••••••••••••••••••• t---"'1 ..cl':0.,9 -+---'--7-"'
.4::8 -+----'3-'6::-1-+----=-l'-'0-:8::-1-+_ _ _7..;;3_,,.
0 - + - - - '3-'-5.:,.l-+_ ___;:2-:4-+_ ___;;l-:5- - + - - - ~
Actors ...... ,............... .............. ................
14
7
12
Architects ................... .... ..... ,...................
32
32
32
32
35
Arti sts , scul pto r s , and teache r s of art ••••••• • ••••••••• ,.
43
36
42
Chemists , a ss ayers , and metallurgists ••••••••••• ,...... .. .
9
9
9
9
Clergymen and r e ligioua worke r s ........ ,..................
13
11
8
6
De signers , ................... . ...... , ••••••••• , ........ ,..
14
11
14
11
Dra~smen, ••• , •••••••• ,., •••••••••••••••••• ,,... ... .......
82
82
82
82
Engineers (technical),.. ... ...............................
147
147
145
145
Lawyers, judge s, and justioes... ........... ...............
17
16
1
17
16
1
Librarians and librarians' as sistants •• ,..................
13
13
13
13
Musicians and teachers of m•1sic ••••••••••••••••• •• ••••• ,. ,
248
206
42
237
198
39
10
Nur ses (trained or registered) •••• • •••••••••••••••••.. • • ,.
112
1
111
111
1
110
Physicians, surgeons, and dentists •••• , •••••••••••••• ,,...
5
5
5
5
22
Playground and r ec reational worke rs ••••••••••••• • ••••• ,...
29
22
29
17
Reporte rs, editors, and jou rnalists.......................
20
18
19
18
19
20
Te ache rs. , , •• , •••••••••••••••••.•••••• , •••••••••••••••••••
College instruc t ors and pr ofessor s ••• ,, •• • • .••• •••••••••
Primar:y and secondary school, and t e achers (n. e. c. H •...
21
Other professional worl:e r s ••.•••••••••.• , .•.••••••••••••••
22
23
25
Othe r semiprof es si onal worke r s •.••••.•••.•••••.••.••••••••
Abstracte r s , n otarie s , and justices o f peace. .... . .... ..
Technicians and laboratory as s istants •••••••••••••••••••
Semiprofes sional workers (n. e . c.), •••••••••• , . ••••••• , ••
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
PROPRIETORS, MANAGERS, AND OFFIC I ALS (EXCEPT AGRIC, ) •.•• _ _ _9__1...
3 -+-----'8__7___
2 _ _ _---'4=1- + - - - '8....9...
5 _ _ _ _8....5...
5-+------'4-'0-+------'l'-'3_ _ _---'1=2--+-------Building contractors •••• , .. .................. . ............
130
130
127
127
Fore s ters, fore s t range r s, and timbe r crui se r s ,...........
4
4
3
3
126
1 26
122
122
Huckste rs, pe ddlers , and junk and rag deale r s ......... . ...
Trucking, trans f er and cab companies, and garages ,........
34
33
1
30
30
Retail dealers and managers (n.e.c.)........... ... ........
316
302
14
314
300
14
26
Other pi-oprietor s , manage rs, and officials................
30 3
27 7
26
299
273
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
OFFICE WORKERS •••••••••• • ; ..• •••••••••••••••••••••••••• • 1-----2 L9....3...
8 _ _.....::.
l.L5;_..;,0...
8 -+_.....::.
l ,.;4;;.;;3..:..
0 -+----=2'-'9;..;;0.;..
7 -+-----=l '-'
, 4:;.;;8.;;.
3-+-----=1L4;;.;;2.;;;
4 _ _ ___;;2c.;:.
5 _ _ ____,2=2- - - - - - " - Bookkeepers, a ccountant s . and a uditor s ... • • • . • • • • • • • • • • • • •
301
172
129
301
172
129
~~=~t:r,}::~:f.~~ - ~~~'. ::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::
Messenge rs and office boys, .......... ,....................
Office machine operators,.................................
Office managers and bank telltl r s. ...................... . ..
Stenographers , stenotypist s , and dicta.phone o pe r ator s ,. .. .
Telegraph and rad io operators............. .. ..............
Te lephone operators .......................... . . .. ... ,.....
Typists, • •• • ,,, •• ,, .. , ........... , ••• ,.,, ••••••• , •••• ,, •• ,
othe r clerical and allied workers.........................
46
46
47
48
49
50
51
SAIESMEN AND KINDRED WORKERS. , • , •••••• , •••••••••••••••• • 1---=2 &..a40
==..
8 -+_.....::.
1 1..:7.=
l .=..
8 -+---=6c.::9.=..
0 -+---=2 .a..:3:..::8..=.
2-+---"'l .a..:6:..::9..=.
9 -+---=6:..::8-"
3- + - - - - "l-"9- + - - - - "l-"5--+---..._Canvassers (solicitors,
54
30
24
52
28
24
2
2
Cmmne rcial travele r s ••••• ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• ,...
31
31
30
30
1
1
lle wsboys ••• , •••• ,.,,......... .. .. .........................
15
15
15
15
180
175
5
177
172
Re el estate agents and insurance a gents, ••••••••••• ,.... ..
5
2
Salesmen end saleswomen (retail stores) ......... .. ........
1 , 66 7
1 , 037
630
1 , 652
1 , 0 27
625
10
Othe r sales pe r sons and kindred workers ,..................
46 1
430
31
456
427
29
4
62
53
SKILIED WORKERS AND FOREMEN IN BLDG. AND CONSTRUCTION ••• t---"'6 .._,9"'6-=-l-+----=6 ._,9"'6-=l - + - - - - - + - - - = 6-..,8'--'4_,_
4- + ---=6 ..,8'--'4_,_
4- + - - - - - - - - --=9..:..
7-+-----"9-'7-----.;;....Blacksmiths ......... ,, .... ,., •••• , •••••••••••• ,...........
120
1 20
117
117
3
Boilennake r s •••••• • , ••••••• , ••• , •• ,,,.,., •••••• , ••• ,,.,...
14
14
14
14
Br icklayers and s tonemasons ................ ...... ..... ....
1 , 06 8
1 , 068
1 , 053
1 , 05 3
13
13
Carpente rs.................................. . .............
1 1 85 3
1 , 853
1 , 832
1 , 8 32
15
15
Cement :finishers ............... . ....... , .... ... .......... ,
142
142
139
139
3
3
Electricians , ... ,,., ............ , .............. , .... ,.... .
346
346
344
344
2
2
Foremen : construction (except road) •••••• , ••••••••••••• ,..
104
104
104
104
Foremen: road and s t r e et cons truction .... . .............. ..
89
89
87
87
1
Ope rators or engineers : ~tat' y and port. constr. e qui p ' t ..
28 9
289
277
27 7
11
11
Pe.inters (not in f e.ctory) .. , .......... ... ...... , •• , •• •• ,..
1 , 656
1 , 656
1 , 610
1 , 610
37
37
Paper hange r s , ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• ,..
28
28
27
27
1
1
Plas t e r e rs ......... , ........................... , •• • ,......
185
185
181
18 1
3
Plumbe r s , gas and s team fitte rs................. . .........
574
574
569
569
5
Roofers ••••••••• ,...... .... ...............................
132
1 32
132
132
Sheet metal workers .............................. ,. .......
40
40
40
' 40
Stonecutters and carvers, •••••••• , ••••• , •••••••••••• ,.....
39
39
39
39
Structur a l i ron end s teel worke r s ,.... .. ......... . ........
99
99
99
99
Setters : marble , s tone , and tile,............ . ... ........ .
64
64
64
64
Othe r skilled worker s in bu ild ing and con st r uction .. .. • • • •
119
119
116
116
8
24
54
55
56
57
58
69
60
61
62
63
64
66
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
95
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
178
10
168
8
2
38
1.50
174
10
164
34
16
18
33
16
17
99
83
16
99
83
16
8
2
2
13
68
6
7
3
8
20
71
20
71
13
68
6
7
3
1 , 5;~
124
23
26
487
23
124
146
82
46
1 , ot:
123
10
24
38
20
6
14
75
1 32
5~!
1
13
2
449
3
118
1 32
7
1 ,5~~
120
23
26
485
23
123
144
79
46
128
8
2
38
126
9!~
119
10
24
38
20
6
14
72
5~;
1
13
2
447
3
117
130
7
16
15
4
4
any)..... .. ............. .. ........
53
96
SKILLED WORKERS AND FOREME?l IN MFG. &: OTHER INDUSTRIES, . .,_._ _
3 -.3-:5,,..
9 -+--3 ~3...,.
0,,..
6 - + - - - ~5~3 -+---=3 ~.2=5~3-+---=3~2=0_,_
0 -+---~-"--.---...:..::..--Cabinetmakers,, ••••• , ............... , ••.••••••••••••• ,.. . .
99
99
98
98
1
Cobblers and shoe r e pairmen, •••••• • ,,............... . .....
139
139
135
1 35
4
Con ducto?"s: steam and street rai lroads , and bu ses ••••• ,...
27
26
1
27
26
1
18 1
157
24
180
156
24
Foremen (in factories) ..................... . . ,............
1
7
Foremen and inspectors ( e xce pt in factorie s ) ....... . ......
84
77
7
79
72
4
53
53
53
53
Locomotive engineers and fi r emen •••• , ••• ,.................
Machin ists , millwright s , and toollllakers. ... ... ........ ... .
887
887
87 7
877
9
Me chanics (n.e,c. ) .... ,...................................
8 30
830
793
793
35
Molders , fo unde r s , and c a sters (metal) ........ .. ..........
399
399
368
368
26
Sawye r s, ... . ........................... ,..................
29
29
29
29
Skilled workers in printing and e ngraving,, •••••• ,........
135
129
132
126
Tailors and furriers ........... .... ....... . ......... .. . ,..
75
66
71
62
Tinsmiths and coppersmiths,.. ...... . ......... . ............
71
71
70
70
Metal workers (exce pt gold and s ilver ) (n .e.c. ) ,. •• • •• ....
88
86
2
83
81
5
Skilled workers in mfg . and othe r industr ies (n. e . c . ) .....
262
258
4
25 8
254
4
96
1
4
4
35
26
5
4
201 --+--....:::..::"'-.+------"201
SEl:!ISKILIBD WORKERS IN BUILDING AND CONSTRUCTION • • .• • •• 't----'
2 ,._9.,,.
70:--+---..;.,
2 ''-9-:70
c :-+-----+-_.c:..,
2 '-7-:6~
2 +-_::..
2 'L7~
6:;_
2 - + - - - - ~ - _ _ ; ;=
Appre ntices in building and con s truction, • •••••••••••• , ,,.
20
20
20
20
As phalt workers .. . .................................... • •••
8
8
3
Blasters (except i n mines ) ...... . ...... . .... .. ........ . ...
23
28
27
27
Cai s son workers •. ..••• • •• • •........ . • • • • • . • • . • • . • • • • • • • • • •
1
1
1
1
10
10
8
Calkers ................................. . ............. . . , •
8
2
2
275
275
246
Firemen ( e xce pt locomotive and fire de partment) ...... , ... ,
246
28
28
1 Inoludes
wor ke rs 16 through 64 years of age ,
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
2
Inoludes white, Negr o, other, and unknown color or race,
3Not elsewhere class i fied.
43
OCCUPATION
TABLE I-WORKERS ON RELIEF, BY USUAL OCCUPATION, GOLOR, AND SEX, FOR THE STATE: MARCH 1935-Continued
TOTAL
WHITE
NEGRO
USUAL OCCUPATION
TOTAL
TOTAL
MALE
HALE
FfflALE
HALE
FfflALE
95
96
97
98
99
100
SEl'II SKILLED WORJ<ERS IN Bl.JlG. AND CONSTRUCTION - Cont.
Ope rato rs of bu ilding and c onstru ct ion e qu i p:nent • ••••••••
Pipelayer s ....................... ............ ........... .
Rodmen and ch ai nmen ( sur veying) ••••••••••••••••••••••••••
Truck and t ractor d r i vers ............................... .
We l de rs ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••
Oth e r semiski lled wor ke r s i n bu ild i n g and c ons tru ct i on •••
10 1
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
SEMISKI LLED WORKERS IN MFG . AND OTIIER I NDUSTRIES .•.• • •• r----=l_..
4 .._,l""
0-"3 -+----"8 ._,9::..::9"'9-+----"5 -"'1"'0""'
4-+----"l-"
3.,_,5c:e6"'2-+----"8 .,_,
. 6::..::9ce.
l -4_--=.
4.,_,8<.:7..:::l-1-----=5e!..so!i!.9-l-----'2~9!..!:2~
Bake r s .......................................... . ........
185
174
11
182
172
10
3
2
Br akemen (rai lroa d) ......................................
41
41
41
41
De l iv,, ryme n.................................. .. ..........
550
550
25
524
25
524
Dre ssmakers and mi ll i ners ................................
205
2
203
196
2
194
9
File r s , gr inde r s , buffe r s , and pol ishe r s ( metal ) .........
719
689
30
710
680
30
9
Furnacemen , heaters , s melterme n, et c. (me tal working) •• ••
33
33
25
25
8
Guards , watchmen, and doorke epe r s (exce pt r ail r oad) . . ....
137
136
132
131
5
Handic raf t worke r s : text ile, wood , l eathe r, metal, etc ...
8
2
7
2
I n side wo rke rs : mines ....................................
16
16
16
16
111
112
113
114
Ope r atives (n . e . c . ) in mfg. and allied i n dus t ries ••••••••
Chemical and allied i n dustri e s •••••••••••••••••••••••••
Cigar , cigarette , and toba cc o fac t ories ••••••••••••••••
Cl ay , g lass , and st one indu st ries ••••••••••••••••••••••
10 , 750
216
515
60
5 , 968
92
90
55
4 , 782
124
425
115
116
117
118
Clothin g industr ies •••••••••••••••••••••••••••• • •••••••
Shirl, collar and cu ff facto ries ••••••••••• • •••••.•••
Suit , coat , and d res s facto r ies ••••••••••••••••••••••
Clothing indust r ies ( n. e . c . ) •••••••••••••••••••••••••
1 , 58 1
314
470
797
439
36
47
356
119
Electric l ight and power plants ....................... .
1 20
1 21
1 22
1 23
Food and beve r age industries .....••..•..•.....•..•..••.
Bake r ies .......................................••..•.
Slaught e r and meat packing h ouses •••••••.••••••••••••
Food ,md beve rage industr ie s (n . e . c. ) ••• • ••••••••••••
138
23
17
98
76
16
12
48
1 24
125
126
127
128
129
I r on and ste el , mach i ne ry , and vehic le industr ie s •.••••
Automobi l e f a ct or i e s .. , ................ . ..•. .•..•••••
Au tomobi l e repa ir shops ••••••.••••••••••••••• • •••••••
Bl a st fu rnaces and steel r ol l ing mills •••••••••••• •••
Car and rail road s h ops •••••••••••••••• • ••••••••••••••
I r on and s t ee l , machine ry, cl: vehi c l e ind ' s .( n . e . c.) ••
2 , 362
97
23
137
17
2 , 088
1 , 789
76
23
117
17
1 , 556
130
131
1 32
1 33
134
Laund ries and d ry c l e ani n g estab li shmen ts ••••••••••••••
Lwnber and furnitu r e indus t r ies ••••••••••••••••••••••••
Metal industries (exce pt iron and steel) •••••••••••••• ,
Pape r, pr inting, and a llied i ndust r ies ••••••••••••••• ••
Shoe f act or ies •• • •••••••••••••••••••••••••••• • •••••••••
380
156
1 , 053
240
108
93
134
771
173
61
135
1 36
1 37
1 38
Textile industries ... ............... . .............•••••
Cotton mills .•.... . •...........•............•....•. ••
Woo le n and wo r sted mi lls •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••
Text ile indus tri es (n. e . c.) ••••.••••..••• . •••••••.• ••
2 , 400
75 9
371
1 , 270
116
11
21
2 , 091
56
333
107
11
21
1 , 938
55
325
116
11
21
2 ; 091
56
333
107
11
21
1 , 938
55
325
151
1
151
1
6
361
5
137
156
5 , 798
85
72
47
4 , 566
124
306
5
10 , 364
209
378
52
5
8
8
1 , 142
278
423
441
1 , 524
298
451
775
423
36
43
344
1 , 101
262
408
431
55
15
19
21
16
62
133
22
15
96
72
16
10
46
61
532
2 , 308
96
21
127
17
2 , 0 47
1 , 737
75
21
107
17
1, 517
5 30
32
32
287
22
282
67
47
326
153
1 , 027
236
108
74
132
749
171
61
252
21
278
65
47
52
4
18
2
22
2
1 , 325
450
227
648
1 , 075
309
144
6 22
2 , 389
756
368
1 , 265
1 , 319
447
226
646
1 , 070
309
142
619
7
5
50
573
21
20
_ _ _2~ l!c.!7_
1
205
5
18
4
12
119
39
15
15
9
6
5
50
571
21
44
1
2
44
20
9
9
3
25
1
2
34
l
139
Misc . and not specified manuf a ctu r ing industries •••• • ••
1 , 538
868
670
1 , 518
854
664
14
11
140
14 1
142
143
Pa inte r s , varn ishe r s , ename l e ra, etc . (facto ry ) ••••.•• • ••
Switchmen, flagmen , and ya rdmen ( rai lroad ) •••••••••••••••
Taxicab drive r s , bus d r ivers, and chau f fe urs •• • ••••••••••
Other semiskilled wo r ke r s in mfg. and other industr ie s •••
152
17
421
86 9
137
17
416
8 18
15
146
16
371
832
132
16
369
783
14
5
1
47
36
47
34
144
145
146
147
148
149
UNSKILLED LABORERS (EXCEPT IN AGRICULTURE) •••••••••••• •t---,,
8..L
. 6::..::9".C5-+-----'::8-L4-:-'2c-:6-+---':c'
26'-:9-+----:7,.._. .:...
77:--::7-+-----:7...i.;,.:
52::..::l=-+--_.:::;
25::..::6=-+-----"89::..::3' -+-----"88::..::2'-+---.::.:ll:..._
Lab ore r s i n manufacturing and a ll ied i ndust r ie s..........
2 , 518
2 , 272
246
2 , 327
2 , 089
238
178
172
6
Cl ay , glass , and st one industr ies.. ....... . ............
145
1 29
16
112
97
15
33
32
1
I r on and steel, machinery , and vehic le industries ......
778
744
34
710
676
34
64
64
Lumber and fu r niture industr ies •••••••••••••.•••••••• ••
49
47
2
46
44
2
3
3
Other manufa ctu r ing and allied industr ies ..............
1 , 546
1 , 352
194
1 , 459
1 , 272
187
78
73
150
151
1 52
1 53
1 54
1 55
1 56
1 57
Labo rers except i n mfg. and a llied indust r ies .•••••••••••
Mines , quarr i e s , and oil and ga s we lls •••••••••••••• • ••
Odd jobs (general) • ••••••••.•••••••••..••••••••••••••••
Ra ilroa ds (steam and st r eet) •••••••••••••••••••••••••••
Roe.ds , st r eets , and sewe rs ••.•. ••••••···•···•·•····••••
St o r es (including po rte r s i n stores) .................. .
Labore r s and helpers (n. e .c. ) in bldg . and const •.•• •••
Loni;shoremen and ste vedo r es ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••
1 58
Lumbermen , raftsmen , and woorlch oppe r s .........•....•..•
1 59
160
161
Street cleaners , garbage men, a.nC: s c avengers ••••..•••••
Teamste r s and d raymen ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••
Other labore r s , except mfg . and allied ind's ( n . e . c . ) ••
6 ,177
40
908
368
1 , 486
424
1 , 8 10
38
142
42
149
770
6 , 154
40
902
368
1 , 486
41 9
1 , 810
38
142
42
149
758
5
51
23
12
5 , 450
39
859
308
1 ,3 72
278
1 , 614
34
130
37
1 25
654
5 , 432
39
853
308
1 , 372
274
1 , 6 14
34
130
37
125
646
2
49
18
715
1
47
58
113
144
192
5
1
710
1
47
58
113
143
192
4
4
12
12
5
5
24
115
24
111
16 2
163
164
165
166
16 7
168
169
170
1 71
1 72
173
174
175
DOl1ESTI C AND PERSONAL SERVI CE WORKERS ••••••••••••••••• • t - - - ::c
5....:5::..::0:.:,
9-+-----"l..1.9e.:8:.:<5-+----"'4.&.5,c,2'-"4-+-----"5.Ll:.:9'-"5-+---"-l.a;6~7c::0-+----"3"-"'
52::.::5-+---=l.a..!c:
29~1'---l---~
30,:::4~ --__::.:
98~7'-Barbe r and beauty shop worke r s ...........................
233
207
26
215
194
21
16
11
Bootblacks • • •••••••••••••• • ••••••••••••••• , • • • • • • • • • • • • • •
44
44
41
41
3
3
Cleaners and charnowm ......... •• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •
148
20
31
117
127
30
97
21
l
Cooks and chefs (except in private family) ...............
349
286
63
11
287
236
51
59
48
El evato r ope r ators .............................. . ........
87
12
73
14
64
62
2
23
11
Janitors , ca r etake r s, and sextons .. . .....................
387
7
355
32
320
295
25
66
59
Laund r esses (not in laundry ) .............................
143
69
3
140
73
3
70
69
Porte r s (except in stor es} ........ . ....... . . . ............
35
62
62
27
27
35
Pra ctical nu r ses , hospital a ttendants , and orde r lies .....
152
202
3
45
157
197
45
Se r vants (hote l s, boarding houses , e t c . ) (n. e . c . ) . . ......
96
49
21
326
28
202
124
276
180
Se rvant s ( private fami l y) ................................
2 , 468
833
27
3 , 349
806
67
3 , 2G2
2 , 508
40
Waiter s , wFtitresses , and bartenders .. . ...... . ............
45
244
414
49
166
248
4
364
120
Othe r domestic and personal se r vi ce wo r ke r s ..... . ........
299
765
22
65
444
43
321
696
397
l 76
l 77
1 78
179
FAR11 OPERATORS AND LABORERS •••••••••••••••••••••.•••••• ,___.:.
l .a..:8::,:,7°'8=--+-----"
l .._
. 7:..::9~4-+------"8:..::
4-+----=l.._7!.-"8'-=l-+----=-l..a..
. 7~0"'5-+------'7c;:6- + - - - - - '9~2'-+_ _____:8c..::4: ..-.+---~Farm f oremen, manage r s , and ove r see r s.. ....... . ..... .. ...
19
19
19
19
Farm laborers •••• • •••••• • •••••••••••••• ·····•· · ··••·•••••
69
78
71
1 , 370
1 , 294
76
1 , 289
1 , 220
Farme rs......................... . ... . ....................
7
489
481
47;;
14
466
13
180
181
182
INEXPERIENCED PERSONS ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• • t----=-l-"3.1.-'
. 7..:::6.!.
7-+--~
4.,_,
. 8::.::6'°"
4-+-----"8.a.;
. 9"-'0'-"3-+----'l"-"'3.,_,0~4.:::9- + - ~
4.,_,
. ,6"-'7-'7--+----"8.,,;3~7-=2-+_ __;6~8~0~ - - - ± 1-7!.!:2'--...,l._ __s::
50~8c.._
Persons 16- 24 years of age (inc l usive) •••••• • •••••••• •. •••
8 , 27 2
4 , 579
3 , 693
7 , 904
4 , 409
3 , 495
346
156
1 90
Pe r sons 25 ye,irs of age and ove r ...................... •••
5 , 495
285
5 , 210
5 , 145
268
4 , 8 77
334
16
318
183
UNKNOWN OCCUPATION ••••••••••••••••••••• • • , ••••••••••••
128018
0 -37- - 4
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
59
43
16
58
42
16
44
WORKERS ON RELIEF-DELAWARE
2
TABLE l-WORKERS 1 ON RELIEF. BY USUAL OCCUPATION, COLOR, AND SEX, FOR THE STATE: MARCH 1935
TOTAL 3
WHITE
NEGRO
USUAL OOCUPillON
MALE
TOTAL
TOTAL ....................... .
6,430
4,496
FfflALE
1,934
MALE
TOTAL
3,953
3,055
FmALE
89 8
TOTAL
2,441
MALE
1,415
FfflALE
1,026
9
10
11
12
13
14
16
16
17
54
34
20
PROFESSIONAL AND TECHNICAL WORKERS •••.•••••••••••••••••• 1------'-'-+----;...,a...-+----=-+----3"-3-+----2
-'-2=-+_ _ _l=.:l'-+----'-20---+_ _ _ _
11'--I_ _ _ __
2
2
Aotors ••••• , •• ••• ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• ,,......
2
2
Arohitects •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••.••••••••••••
1
1
Artists, scu lptors, and teachers of art •••••••••••••••••••
2
2
Chemists, assayers, and metallurgists .................... .
10
12
11
Clergymen and reHgious workers ••••••••• , •••• •• •••• , ••••••
1
l
Designers ••••••••••••• •• ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••
1
1
Draftsmen ••••••••••••••• , •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••
6
6
Engineers (technical) •••• , ••••••. , •••••••••••••••••• , •••• ,
Lawyers, judges, and justices ............................ .
Librarians and librarians' assistants .................... .
3
Musicians and teachers of music .......................... .
4
Nurses (trained or registered) ••••••••••••••••••••••..••••
Physicians, surgeons, and dentists ................... , ••••
Playground and recreational workers •••••••••••••••••••••••
Reporters, editors, and journalists ••..•••.••••• , •••.•. • .•
18
19
20
Teache rs ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••
c.ollege instructors and professors •••••••.• . .••••••••.••
Primary and seconda ry school, a nd t ea chers (n . e . c . )."••••
21
Other professional workers •••• , ••.•.••....•••••.•.•••••.••
22
23
24
26
Other semiprofessional workers .......................... ,.
Abstracters, n otaries, and justi ces of peace. ••• , .••••••
Technicians · and laboratory assistants, ••••••••••••••••••
Semiprofessional workers (n,e. c.) ••••••••••••.••••••••••
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
Sf; _ _ ___.:>' -+-----'s...,,s'-+_ _ _,5..3'-+_ _ ___,:'> - + - - - - - " - - + - - - - " - l - - - - PROPRIETORS, MANAGERS, AND OFFICIAI.'l (EXCEPT AGRIC.) •••• _ _ _.......,.-+-_
fiR
____,...._
Building contractol's •••• , •••••••••••••••• •••• •.• • ••••• , •• ,
Foresters, forest rangers. and timbe r cruis ers ••••••••••••
Hucksters, pedd lers, and junk and rag deale rs •••••••• •• •••
28
28
29
29
Trucking, transfer and cab companies, and garages, ••••••••
14
Retail dealers and managers (n.e.c.) ..................... .
12
12
14
Other p,.oprietors, managers, and officials ••••..•••••..•••
13
13
14
14
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
4
44
165
98
OFFICE WORKERS ••••••••••••...•.•••.• , ••••••••••••••••••• t---=-+----';.;:...+----'6;.;7-+---=-16:;.:l:...+
_ _ _9;;.;4:...+_ _ _6.;..7: .....+-----'-+----4::....i.......- - - Bookkeepers, accountants, and a uditors..... . ..............
12
22
10
12
10
22
9
1
60
75
l'lassengers and office boys................................
13
13
16
16
Office machine operators..................................
5
5
3
3
Office managers and bank tellers ••••• ,....................
1
1
1
1
10
Stenographers, stenotypists, and dictaphone operators, .. ..
10
12
2
12
Telegraph and radio operators.................... .... .....
1
1
l
l
Telephone operators.......................................
6
6
6
6
Typists •••••••••••••••••••••••••••.•• ,....................
12
13
12
13
1
Other clerical and allied workers.........................
5
4
1
5
1
46
45
47
48
49
50
51
195
114
SALESMEN AND KINDRED WORKERS, •••.••••••••••••••.••.•••• • 1----=-=-+---...:.:=-=--+----8;;..,l=-+---~18
= .:9=-+--~ll=.:l::....+----'-'
78=-+-----'--+-----=---1,-----=-Canvassers ( s olicitors,
2
1
1
l
2
Connnercial travelers •••••••••••••••••••••••••• ,...........
1
1
1
l
Newsboys •••••••••••••••• , •••.••••••••• ,............. .... ..
6
6
6
6
Real estate agents and insurance a gents •••••••••• ,,.......
19
19
19
19
Salesmen and saleswomen (retail stores)...................
79
142
65
4
68
77
147
Other sales persons and kindred workers ...................
1
19
19
19
1
20
62
53
61
62
63
64
66
66
67
68
69
70
71
738
738
SKILIBD WORKERS AND FOREMEN IN BLDG. AND CONSTRUCTION ••• 1 - - - - ~
-+---~=
-=--+------t---~
68~ 7--t---~
68~7- - t - - - - - - + - - - - '47
- - - - + - -47
-~-+----Blacksmiths ••••••••• , .. , •••• ,.............................
12
12
l
1
13
13
Boilermakers •••••••• • •••••••• ,., •• , •••••••••• ,............
12
12
12
12
Bricklayers and stonemasons...............................
59
59
6
6
67
67
Carpenters................................................
164
164
167
2
2
167
9
9
Cement finishers..........................................
17
17
26
26
Electricians...................... ........... ........... ..
47
47
1
1
49
49
Foremen: construction (except road ).......................
6
6
6
6
Foremen: road and s treet construction.... • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •
4
4
4
4
4
4
Operators or engineers: stat•y and port. constr. equip't..
41
41
45
45
Painters (not in factory) •• ,..............................
159
159
7
7
166
166
Paper hangers.............................................
20
20
1
1
21
21
Plastere rs................................................
12
12
6
6
18
18
Plumbers, gas and steam fitters................ . ..........
73
73
l
74
74
l
Roofers •••••••• ••••• , ••••••.•••• , • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •
28
28
l
l
29
29
Sheet metal workers......... .. ............ ................
14
14
14
14
Stonecutters and carvers... ..... . .........................
5
5
5
5
Structural iron and steel workers.. • • • . . . • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •
17
17
17
17
Setters: marble, stone, and tile ••.••. •··•••·•••••••......
2
2
2
2
Other skilled workers in building and construction.. . .....
3
3
3
3
72
73
74
76
·76
77
78
79
80
Bl
82
83
84
85
86
87
350
356
SKILLED WORKERS AND FOREl1Elf IN MFG. & OTHER I NDUSTRIES •• t---=c+-----"'=-t------':...+----=32::..:5:...+----=32::..:0:...+---....;;;.;+----=29:...+----"28~ - - - - = - Cabinetmakers.............................................
12
12
12
12
Cobblers and shoe repairmen •••••••• ,,.....................
19
19
20
20
Conductors: steam and street railroads, and bu se s..... ....
9
9
9
9
Foremen (in factories) ••••••••••• ••••.•••.................
B
8
9
9
Foremen and inspectors (except in factories)..............
8
8
1
9
9
Locomotive engineers and firemen,.........................
15
15
2
17
17
Machinists, millwrights, and toolmakers ............... .. ..
93
93
2
95
95
2
Mechanics (n.e.c.)........................................
62
62
11
11
73
73
Molders, founders, and casters (metal)....................
23
23
6
29
29
6
Sawyers ••••.••••••••••••••••••• , •••. , •. , ••••• ,............
2
2
2
2
Skilled workers in printing and engravinr;.................
11
9
11
9
Tailors and furriers......................................
4
13
10
17
13
Tinsmiths and ooppersmiths •••••••••••••••• ,......... •• • • • •
15
15
17
17
Metal workers (except gold and silver) (n.e.c.) ••• ,........
6
6
6
6
Skilled workers in mfg. and other industrie s (n. e . c.).....
29
29
30
30
88
SEMISKILIED WORKERS IN BUILDING AND CONSTRUCTION ...... • • t - - - -484
- : c + - - - 484
---t-----+----=3 ::..:
58:-+_ __.:.
35
::..:8:,...+----+----=l.::.:22"-+----=i::.::;..
u, + - - - - Apprentices in building and construction •••••••••••••• ,...
5
5
5
Asphalt workers .•... .•. •••••••.•...•.•.•....••.••.•.•• ••••
Blasters (exoept in mines) ••••••• , ••• •••••••.•••••••••• • ••
1
Caisson workers •••••• ••.••••• •••• • •••••••••••••.• •• •••••••
Calkers •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••
4
4
6
6
10
10
Firemen (exoept locomotive and fire department) •••••••••••
53
30
30
23
23
53
54
55
56
67
68
69
60
89
to
91
92
93
94
~~=~t:r(n~=~~:r..:~.~~~~::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::
1:
1!
. 5~
1:
any).......... .................. ..
1
I ncludes worke r s 16 t hrough 64 years of age .
2
The sta tisti cs p r esented fo r the State of Delaware a r e for Ne w Castle County , the only one of the t hree counties i n the State which parti ci~ated in the gene ral
relief pr og r am of the Fede r al Eme r ge ncy Relief Admi ni stration in Ma r ch 1935 .
3r n cludes white , Neg r o , othe r , and unlmown color or race .
•Not e l sewhe r e c l assifi e d .
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
45
OCCUPATION
TABLE I-WORKERS ON RELIEF, BY USUAL OCCUPATION, COLOR, AND SEX, FOR THE STATE: MAR<:H 1935-Continued
TOTAL
WHITE
NEGRO
USUAL OCCUPATION
TOTAL
FfflALE
MALE
TOTAL
HALE
FEMALE
FfflALE
HALE
TOTAL
95
96
97
98
99
100
SEMISKILLED WORKERS IN BLDG. AND CONSTRUCTION - Cont.
Operators of bu ilding and construction e quipment .••••••••
Pipelayers •••••••••• • ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• •• •••••
Rodman and chainmen (surveying) ••••••••••••••••••••••••••
Truck and t rac"tor drivers ••• • •••••••••••••••••••. . ••• • •••
Welders, ••••• ••• •••••••••••••••••••••••• ••••• ••••••• •• •••
Other semiskille d Norkers in building and construction •••
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
SEMISKI LLED WORKERS IN l'IFG. AND OTHER I NDUSTRIES .•••••• t----"1""0""5'-:'l-t----'6""7-::7- + - - -3
"-'7'-4"' + - --"-'
88"":8-+---"-'
56'-"8c.....+---"'
32""0'-+---""
1 5e..::9'-+---""
10,,_.,5' - ! - - - "54
''-Be.ke rs •••••••••••••••••••• •••• ••••••••••••• •• ••••••••••• ,
5
5
4
4
1
1
Brakeme n (railroad)......................................
19
19
19
19
Deliverymen..............................................
13
13
10
10
Dressmakers and milliners................................
27
l
26
20
1
19
File r s , gr inders, buffers, and pol i shers (metal ) .........
5
5
5
5
Furnacemen, he a t ers, smeltermen, etc. (metal working) ....
4
4
Guards, watchmen, and doorkeepers (except railroad)......
9
9
Handi cra f t worke r s: t e xtile, wood, lea"ther, metal, etc ...
1
1
Inside workers: mines •••.••••••• • ••••••.•••...•.•.•.•••••
111
112
113
114
Operatives (n.e . c.) in mfg. and allied industries ••••••••
Chemical and allied industries •••• •••• • • ••••••••••••.••
Cigar, cigarette, and tobacco factories .... ... . ..... . ••
Clay, glass, and stone ·industries ............. .. ...... .
788
38
13
5
115
116
117
118
Clothing industries ...................... . ............ .
Shirt, collar and cuff factories •••••••••••••••••••••
Suit, coat, and dress factories ....•..•... . ....•....•
Clothing industries (n.e.c. ) •••••••••• • ••• ••••• • •••••
99
72
16
11
119
El ectr ic light e.nd power plant s ..... .... . .. .. ........ ..
120
121
122
123
Food and beve rage industries •••••••••••••••••••••••••••
Bakeries •••••••••••••••• • ••••••••••••••••• •• •••••••••
Slaught er e.nd meat packing houses •••••••.••••.•••••••
Food and beverage industries (n.e. c . ). •••••••••••.•••
124
126
126
127
128
129
Iron and steel, machinery, and vehicle industries ••••••
Automobile factorie s •••••••••••••••• •••••• ••• ••• •••••
Automobile repair shops ., ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••
Blas t fu rnaces e.nd stee l roll i ng mills • •••••••••• ••••
Car and railroad shops •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••
I ron and steel, machine ry, & vehicle i.nd ' s (n . e.c .) ••
130
131
132
133
134
Laundries e.nd dry c l eaning establishments ••••••••••• ,.,
Lumber and furniture industries ••••••••••••••••••••••••
Hetal i ndu stries (except iron and s teel") •••••••••••••••
Pe.per, printing, e.nd a llied indus t ries ••••••••••• •• ••• ,
Shoe factories • • •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••
41
9
8
12
56
1
12
47
1
135
136
137
138
Textile indu stries ••••••••••• ••• ••••••••••••••••••• ••• •
Cotton mills •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• ,
Woolen and worsted mills •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••
Textile industries (n.e. c.), •••••••• • •••• •••• •••••• , •
106
46
59
33
56
227
23
162
43
3
15
25
227
23
162
44 5
29
2
3
157
22
138
343
9
11
2
91
70
12
9
22
3
8
11
21
7
14
685
37
13
157
22
1 38
386
28
2
2
94
71
12
11
32
2
11
19
15
100
1
56
1
44
61
27
34
l
26
14
26
11
2
63
61
1
l
17
11
1
7
4
6
10'
4
5
4
34
31
34
30
29
27
29
26
37
32
1
8
7
11
51
1
11
42
1
47
13
105
45
58
32
47
13
4
4
26
30
· 56
26
30
115
229
148
81
21
21
4
22
9
71
l
2
35
1
69
22
88
69
10
73
1
6
299
9
11
69
4
139
l'li sc . and n ot specified manufactu r ing i nd ustries •••••• ,
29 1
1 76
140
141
142
143
Pe.inters, varnis hers, enamele r s, e tc . ( factory) ......... .
Switchmen, flagmen , e.nd yardmen (railroad) .............. .
Taxi c ab drive r s , bu s dr ivers , and chauffeurs •.......•.•••
Other semi skille d wo rker s in mfg. and other industries •••
21
21
i!!
l46
147
148
149
1
1
Le.:;: ; ~~ ~~~!!u~~~E:d I=l~~=~c;'.;;!::~i~;:::::: ::: : - - " "....~";''""~-+---=....~
" ":'""g'-+--~i""!' - + - - - "~~"";'-+---"-'
'
~~""
•:'----+----=---+---=
~~""6--+---"~""6--+---i
i
..,~'-Clay, glass, and stone industries .. .. ... ... ............
5
2
2
3
3
Iron and steel, machine ry, and vehic le industries ......
47
47
19
19
28
28
Lumbe r e.nd fu rn iture industr ie s •.• •••••• •••••• •···••··•
13
13
8
8
5
5
Other manufacturing e.nd all ie d industries ••••••••••••• ,
1 89
175
14
104
100
84
74
10
150
1 51
1 52
1 53
154
155
1 56
157
158
159
160
161
Le.borers exce pt i n mfg. e.nd allie d industries .• _. •••••.•••
Mines, qu arrie s , e.nd oi l e.nd ge.s we lls •••.••••••.••••••
Odd jobs (general ) ••••.•••••.••••••••.•••••••••••••••••
Railroad s (ste am e.nd s t reet ) ......................... ..
Roads , street s , and sewe rs •••••••••••• •• •••.••••••••• ••
Sto r e s (including porte rs in stores) •••••••••••••••••••
Laborer s e.nd he lpers (n . e . o. ) in bldg. and cons t •• •••••
Longsho remen and ste vedo res ••..•..•.••. •.....• .•••.••.•
Lumbermen, rafts rnen, and woodch oppe rs •••••••••••. • •••• ,
St r eet cle ane rs, garbage me n, e.nd s cavenge rs •••••.•••••
Teamsters and draymen ••••••••. • •••••••• •• ••• • ••••••••• ,
Other laborers , except mfg . and all i ed i nd's (n . e . c . ) ••
162
163
164
165
166
167
168
169
170
171
172
173
174
175
DOMESTI C AllD PERSONAL SERVICE WORKERS •••••.••••••••••• •i---=l~2~7~9 - + - - - ~2~0~7- + - ~
1""0~7~2-t-_ _ _3-0~5- t - - - ~7~8--t---~2~2~7- - t - - - -9~6~6'----+_ _ _1_ 2_8-+_ _ _8_ 3_8_
Barber e.nd be auty shop worke rs...........................
25
15
10
13
10
12
Bootblacks . • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •
5
5
1
l
4
4
Cleane rs and charwome n...................................
11
1
10
7
l
4
18
20
Cooks e.nd che fs (except in pr ivate f amily ) •.• • • ···•·•• •••
59
33
26
21
15
38
1
1
Elevato r o pe r ato rs .......................... . . .. . ...... ..
4
2
4
3
2
30
6
Janitors , c aretake rs, e.nd sext ons . ..... ..... .... .. .... ...
46
37
9
10
36
122
Le.und r e sses ( not in laundry)..... . .. ........ . ... . .... ....
134
134
11
11
122
Porte rs (except in stores) ...... ... .... . ..... ........... .
4
4
1
3
3
Practical nu rses , hospi ta l attendants , e.nd orderl ies ... ..
13
l
12
10
9
6
15
Servants (hotel s, board i nghouse s , etc . ) (n. e .c. ) ........
26
15
11
11
132
679
21
658
3
Servants ( pri ve.te f amily). • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • . • • • • • • • . • • • •
82 1
25
796
135
9
12
15
6
42
Waiters , waitre sses, e.nd bartende rs • •• ••••••.•• ••·•••·•••
69
21
48
54
28
HJ
33
5
other domest ic e.nd personal servi ce wor ke rs............ ..
60
46
14
27
176
177
178
179
FARM OPERATORS AND LABORERS •• • •••• •••••••••••• •• .•• • • •• ,___
Fe.rm foremen, manage rs, e.nd oversee rs •.••••••••••••••.•••
Fe.rm laborers •••••••••••••••••••••••••••.••••••••••••••• ,
Farmers •••••••• , •••••••••••••••••••••••••••• • .•••••••••••
180
18l
182
I NEXPERIENCED PERSONS •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• .,.__
Persons 16-24 years of e.ge ( inclu sive) •••• ••••• ••••••••• •
Persons 25 ye a rs of age e.nd over.........................
183
UNKNOWN OCCUPATION••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
4
4
3
3
65
90
65
85
38
76
38
74
1,136
15
199
46
1 59
45
571
15
1,1 35
15
199
46
1 59
45
571
15
391
12
60
18
55
17
182
390
12
60
18
55
17
182
737
138
28
103
27
385
8
8
l
1
7
5
7
o7
737
3
138
28
103
27
385
66
34
33
3
5
7
5
'/
32
32
__,1""2-"6 -+----'1""2-"6 - + - - - - + - - - - - "6-=4-+-----'6-"4' - + - - - - - + - - - - '6=1'----+--~6=1' - - - - + - - - 11 5
11
11 5
11
54
10
54
10
60
l
60
l
__,5"'3"'0 - + - - - '2"'3c.!.
4- + - ---'2:.,:9-"6-+----'3:.,:6ee.
2- + - --'l"-"8"'0-+---=l.,,8"'
2- + - - ~l..,6"'6c.....+--~5'-'4c.....+----=
ll,..2'-385
228
157
288
177
111
96
51
45
145
6
139
74
3
71
70
67
WORKERS ON RELIEF-DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA
46
TABLE I-WORKERS' ON RELIEF, BY USUAL OCCUPATION, COLOR, AND SEX, FOR THE
MARCH 1935
TOTAL 2
DISTRICT
WHITE
OF
COLUMBIA:
NEGRO
USUAL OOCUPA'.l'ION
TOTAL .••• •• •••••••••• •••••••·
MALE
19, 085
1 2 ,270
MALE
TOTAL
F:El'!ALE
TOTAL
6 , 81 5
FfflA.LE
3, 496
4 , 92 4
1,428
FmALE
MALE
TOTAL
1 3 , 8 94
8 , 626
5 , 268
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
PROFESSIONAL AND TECHNICAL WORKERS •••••••••••••••••••••• t-----"3'-"'
5"3 -+----'1""
8-=0 -+---....::l:..:.7-="
3-+---....::1::.::6..;
9-+---....::l::.::Oc;.
4-+----=6;.;
5-+----'l:..:7..;
8--1,_ ____:7..;2'-!--_;:;;10::..:6;__
Actors •• , .......... ,,,....................................
4
2
2
3
1
2
1
1
Archite cts ............................................... .
15
13
13
15
Arti s t s , s cu l ptor s , and t eache rs of art .................. .
1
1
1
1
Chemis ts , a ss ayers , and metallurgists •••••••.•••••••••••.•
3
3
8
Clergymen and r e ligious worke r s .......................... .
8
Designers ... . ... ......................................... .
9
9
12
12
Drai't sme n ................................................ .
11
11
12
12
En ginee r s (technical) •••••••.•••.••••••••••••••.••• , ••••••
7
7
9
9
Lawye r s , judges , and justice s ............................ .
5
3
8
5
8
3
Li brarians and librarians' a ss i s tants .................... .
10
16
9
10
1
15
11
26
Musicians and t e ache rs of mus ic ••••••••••.••••••.•.•••.• • •
13
17
13
18
1
30
1
Nu r s es (traine d or registe red ) ........................... .
31
1
1
2
1
2
1
2
2
4
Phy s ic i ans , s urgeon s , and dent i s ts •••••••••••••.•.••••.•••
7
22
29
4
9
5
27
11
Playground and r e creational worke rs ...................... .
38
4
4
10
10
15
15
Reporters, editors, and journa li s t s .• . ..•.•.••••••••.•.•.•
18
19
20
Teache r s ................................................ ..
Colle ge ins tructors and prof e s sors ••••..•.•..••••••.•.••
Pr imary and sec on da ry scho ol, and te ache r s (n . e .c. H ....
21
Othe r profe ssional wor ke r s •••••••••..• .• . .• .• • ••••••••.•.•
27
22
23
24
25
Othe r semi pr ofess i onal wor ke r s ••••••••••.•••••.•.••.••••.•
Abstracters J notaries ,. and justices of peace .·•• •.• ·••••
Technicians and laboratory as s i s tants •••••••••••••••••••
Semi profes s i onal wor kers (n . e .c. ) . •·•••·••• ........... ..
28
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
PROPRIETORS , MANAGERS, AJID OFFICIALS (EXCEPT AGRI C. ) •.•• f-----"2""
0"-5---l-----"l"'7-"'
4----1------"3=-l-+---....::1~5~3-l-_ _...;l::,:2::::.8-1-_ ___.:;2:,::5-4_ ___::5:..:::0-4_ ____:44
Bu ildi ng cont racto r s •••••••••••••••• , •• , ..................
10
10
10
10
Forester s , fo r est range r s , and t imbe r cru iser s ,., ••• , •.•••
26
27
21
21
47
Hucks t e rs , pedd lers, and junk and rag de ale r s , ••••• •• •••••
48
1
1
Trucking , transfer and cab companie s, and gar o.ge s ....... ..
1
1
6
9
8
Retail dea l e r s and manage r s ( n .e. c . ) ..................... .
7
43
37
46
53
78
59
19
14
10
Othe r pr opr ietor s , mana gers , and of ficials ., ....•..•• . .•••
23
93
70
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
197
OFFICE WORKERS •• • •.• • ••••• . ..•.• . ••••... • .••.• . ..•••••.• r--"'-l"-:1~
6"'3 -+_ _...::6::;:
8,;.
9 + - - - - '4:.:,7~4+--....:7:_::;5~9- + - - - -4~8;;
5-4-_ _....:2::.,;7.;4__.,_ __;3~9:..:;:l__.,_ _....=.::..;,_-1-Bookke epe r s , a cc ountant s , and a udito r s ..... . ........... . ..
103
82
21
90
78
12
13
4
1
91
~~=~! : r(n~ =~ ~: r..~~.~~~'.::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::
41~
2~!
~;
32~
1! ~
21i
83
Mes s enge r s and office b oys ................................
105
103
2
20
20
85
2
Off ice machine ope r ator s ..................................
18
9
9
9
7
9
1
Offic e manage r s and bank telle r s ..........................
17
17
14
14
1
4
Stenogr aphers , stenotypists , and dictaphone ope r ator s .....
57
10
47
39
6
33
17
1
Tele graph and rad io ope r at or s ........... . .................
4
4
3
3
1
6
25
9
16
16
3
13
9
Te lephone o pe r a.tor s .......................................
Typists...................................................
102
21
81
67
17
50
34
1
Othe r c lerical and allied wor ke r s. ........................
16
16
14
14
1 94
9
46
46
47
48
49
50
51
53
SALES!1EN AND KINDRED WORKERS ................. . . . ........ t - - -4" 0:""5-+----'2"4'":l'-+----=
16~i4'"+---"-'
32::..:4'-+-----"'-18::..::2:.....+-----=-14.o:2'--1_ _ _7.:...al"'---i---"-"--+-2
Canve.s s er s ( solic ito r s , any) ..............................
10
7
3
8
5
2
13
13
13
13
Comme r cia l t r ave l e r s ........................ . .............
13
13
News b oy s ..................................................
21
21
8
8
9
9
1
Real estate a.ge nts and ins urance agent s . . .... . ............
46
45
1
36
35
16
1 28
33
Sa l esmen and saleswomen (re tail stor es )...................
248
99
149
207
79
13
10
14
Othe r sales pe r son s and k i ndred wor ke r s ... . ...............
67
56
11
52
42
18
62
53
54
55
56
57
58
69
60
61
62
63
457
SKILIED WORKERS AND FOREMEN IN BLDG . AND CONSTRUC'!'ION . ··1----=l-"2""5""
4-+-----=l-"2::..::5:.;:4-1----..:;:_+---7
-'-'8'-"l: ......+-----'-'
78'-"l:......+----=--+---.:!:
45::.:7~--__:=;
6
Bl acksmiths...............................................
19
19
13
13
6
Boilermakers...... . .......................................
3
3
2
2
1
1
38
Brick layers and s tonemason s ...............................
95
95
56
56
38
37
Car pe nte rs.................................. . .............
1 69
1 69
1 28
1 28
37
Cement f' ini s he r s ....................... , • • • .. .. .. • .. • • .. ..
215
21 5
26
26
188
188
El ectricians..............................................
38
38
31
31
6
6
4
Foreme n: c on s tru ction (except road) .......................
28
28
24
24
4
1
For emen: road and str e et constructi on.....................
7
7
6
6
1
11
Operators or enginee rs: stat•y and port. oon str. e qui p ' t..
24
24
13
13
11
87
384
384
291
2 91
87
Painters (n ot in fact ory) ............ . ....................
11
Pa pe r hanger s .............................................
13
13
2
2
11
32
Plaste r e r s ................................................
70
70
37
37
32
12
Plumbe r s , ge.s and steam f i t t ers ............... . .. . ........
93
93
81
81
12
10
Roofers ................... .. ..............................
16
16
6
6
10
Sheet me t a l workers,......................................
7
7
7
7
Stone cutters and c a rvers..................................
9
9
8
8
Structura l iron and s tee l wor kers .........................
37
37
35
36
1
1
Set t ers: marb le, s tone , e.nd tile .. . ................. . .....
13
13
11
11
2
2
10
Othe r s killed workers i n bu ilding and con struction. ... .. . .
14
14
4
4
10
64
66
66
67
68
69
70
71
115
28
87
29
4
3
,1
3
111
25
86
26
18
13
21
21
8
7
1
8
20
16
4
13
19
19
16
6~~
~;
ca.!~~~~~:~~.~.~~~~ .~~ .~~ :.~. ~:~~~ . ~~~~:~:~~:: r - - - '2'""6"'"!- + - - - '2..,6""~-+----"--+---1==48"'3=~
14
76
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
Cobblers e.nd shoe r e pairmen ••• • ••••••• , • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •
Conductors: steam e.nd s treet railroads, and bu ses ,........
Foremen (in fo.ct orie s).... ................ .... .... • .... .. •
Foremen and inape ctor s ( e x ce pt in f o.ctories )........... ...
Locomotive engineers e.nd fi r emen..........................
11e.chini s ts, millwright s , and toolmakers...................
Mechanics (n.e.c.)........................................
Molde rs, founde r s , e.nd cas t e rs (metal)....................
Sawyers ................................ , ................. .
Sk ille d workers in print ing and e n graving ••.••••••• , ••••••
Tailors e.nd furriers . ................................... ..
Tinsmiths and c oppersmiths ......... . .............. . ...... .
Met al work ers (e xcept gold and s ilver ) (n.e.c. ) .......... .
Skilled workers in mfg. and othe r industrie s (n. e .c.) .... .
88
89
90
91
92
861
SEMI SKILIED WORKERS IN BUI LDING AND CONSTRUCTION • • •••••• t----=-l..1.;0;.:;9-=-7--+----=-1.L:,o;.:;9-=-7---l------1------'2::..:2:..::
4-1----'2::..:2:..::4' - l - - - - - ~ - - =
Rn l'-I---_..::;
Appre nti ces in building and c onstruction •••••••••••••• ,.,.
7
7
4
3
3
4
4
4
As phalt workers .......................................... ,
4
Blas t e r s (except i n mines) ....... . .......... .. ........ . .. .
Caisson workers ••..••• •.••• ••••.•• .••.••.. , ••.•..••••••••.
3
Ce.lk:ers ••• , .............................................. .
3
3
3
1 30
20
20
109
109
Firemen ( exoept looomoti ve and fire department) .......... .
1 30
93
94
1 Includes
workers 1 6 thro ugh 64 years of age.
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
2I
9
6
8
18
13
18
1 04
12
9
6
7
17
13
104
12
18
19
11
17
17
11
18
3
3
22
22
6
6
6
11
2
15
54
1
64
1
63
11
13
21
23
83
1
82
113
_ _ _1;.:4::::6~---...!::...+---.:!;.;
11=.::~:.....+----=3
1
5
4
4
6
2
1
6
7
7
10
11
11
2
3
3
15
49
49
54
1
11
11
16
16
5
4
2
13
10
1
13
10
1
13
1
2
9
ncludes wh ite , Negr o, other, and unl<nown color or race .
3Not elsewhere classifi ed .
1
13
1
2
9
1
4
3
1 26
2
7
13
3
31
17
1
OCCUPATION
47
TABLE I-WORKERS ON RELIEF, BY USUAL OCCUPATION, COLOR, AND SEX, FOR THE
MARCH 1935-Continued
TOTAL
DISTRICT
WHITE
OF
COLUMBIA:
NEGRO
USUAL OCCUPATION
FfflALE
MALE
TOTAL
MALE
TOTAL
FmALE
MALE
TOTAL
FfflALE
95
96
97
98
99
100
SEMISKILLED WORKERS IN BLDG. AND CONSTRUCTION - Cont.
Operators of building and c onstruction e quipment • ••••••••
Pipele.yer s • • ••••••••••••••••••••••• , •••••••••••••••••••••
Rodman e.nd che.inmen ( surveying) ••••••••••••••• •• •••••••••
Truck and tractor drivers ...................... ... ...... .
Welders ••••••••••••••••••••.•••.•••••••••••••• ••• ••••••••
Oth e r semiskille d worke rs in building and construction •••
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
SEMISKI LLED WORKERS IN MFG. AND OTIIER INDUSTRIES .•.•••• t---=l..a.,5"'1""
2 -+_ _...;7~7-"5-+---7"-'3"7- + - - -4=9-"2- + - - -2"-'7-:7--+_ _...;2::..:l:c.
5- - i - - -9=-:=9:..::3- - i - - -4
.:;B:..::B'-l--.....:::.;
50:..::5;__
Bakers ...................................................
19
16
3
6
6
13
10
3
Brakemen (railroad)......................................
4
4
3
3
l
1
Deliverymen.•••••••••••••••••••••.•••••••••••••• •••. •••••
1 33
133
31
31
102
1 02
Dres911lllkers and milliners •.••••••••••••• •• ••• • •••••••••• ,
323
3
320
112
1
111
205
2
203
File rs, gr i nde rs, buffe rs, and polishe rs ( metal ) .........
3
3
3
3
Furne.cemen, heaters, smeltermen, etc. (metal working ) ....
2
2
1
1
l
l
Guards, watchme n, and doorkeepers (except railroad) ••••• ,
54
54
43
43
11
11
Handi c raft workers: t e xtile, wood, leather, metal, etc ...
11
9
4
4
5
5
Inside workers: mines ....................................
10
10
5
5
111
112
113
114
Operatives (n.e.c . ) in mfg. and allie d industries ....... .
Chemical and allied industries ••••••••••••••••••••••.••
Cigar , cigarette , and tobac co factories ••••••••••••••••
Clay , glass, and s t one industries ..................... .
589
4
4
115
116
117
118
Clothing indus t rie s •••••• •••• • •••••• ••••••••• • •.•••••••
Shirt, collar and cuff factories •••••••••••••••••••••
Suit, coat, and dress fact ories .......•.....•.....•.•
Clothing indus tries (n. e . c . ) ......... ..... ......... ..
119
1
37
Bl
15
119
Ele ctri c light and power plo.nts•••••• , ••••••••••••• ,,.,
120
121
122
123
Foo d and beverage industr ies .••.••••.••...........•••••
Bake r ies •• • •••••••••• • ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••.••
Slau ghte r and meat packing houses •••••••.••••••••••••
Food and beverage industries (n.e.o. ) ............... .
45
11
12
22
7
11
15
1
7
124
125
126
127
128
129
I ron and steel, machinery , and vehicle industrie s •.••••
Automobi le factor i e s ..... ...... .. . .............. , ••••
Aut omobi l e repair shops ............................. .
Blast furnaces and s teel roll i ng mi lls .............. .
Car and railroad shops ............................. ..
Iron and steel, machinery, & vehic le ind's (n . e .c,) ••
25
l
6
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
16
16
6
3
6
3
691
691
13
2
103
2
103
7
7
6
6
230
230
86
86
2
5
1 86
2
l
40 3
171
71
100
13
6
6
1
579
l
1 42
1
57 9
l
142
405
113
2
4
292
2
2
l
2
44
l
8
42
l
72
13
59
14
l
1 04
l
23
80
6
35
12
l
15
35
27
45
33
12
30
19
15
4
9
8
13
5
7
7
23
1
10
l
10
l
6
2
2
2
36
8
3
5
8
2
19
1
10
1
4
2
1
15
l
13
Laundr ies and dry c l e aning establi shments ........ ... .. .
Lumber and furniture industrie s , •••••••••••••••••••••••
l'letal i ndust r ies ( e x cept iron and steel) •••••••••••••• ,
Pe.per , printin g, and allied industries .......... . . . ... .
Shoe f act ories ........................................ .
293
14
41
14
252
4
3
38
1
20
l
l
18
Textile industries .............. .. . ... ................ .
Cotton mil l s •..•.•.•.•.........•.................••••
Woolen and worsted mills ••••••••••••••• , •••••••••••••
Te xtile i n dus tries (n.e.c,) . , ......... ••• ·•••• •••••••
18
2
1
15
13
2
1
10
11
4
l
6
2
14
2
4
9
4
8
15
13
44
4
2
31
247
34
6
6
l
19
l
10
15
12
166
2
1 66
67
21 3
11
1
10
139
l'lisc. and not specified manufactu r ing industr ie s •••••••
21
16
140
141
142
143
Paint ers , varnishe rs, ene..-ne lers, etc . (factory ) ••• • ••••••
Switchmen, flagmen , and y ardmen (railroad ) •••••••••••••••
Taxi cab d rivers , bus dri vo rs, and chauffeurs •••••••••••••
Othe r semiskilled workers in mfg. and othe r industries •••
5
5
6
144
145
146
147
148
149
UNSKILLED LABORERS (EXCEPT IN AGRICULTURE) •••••••••••• ·t----"5_._7..,B..,.3-+----"5.._7'-'7-"2-+-----'l""l-+---"94"'4-+- - - " 9 44
=..+---_..;:c.....+----'4,_.
,•.:..:
78"-"l'-l----'4,..
,·..:..
77:..,0'--l_ _ _:l.:l"---Le.bor e r s in manufactur ing and allied i ndus t ries.. ........
1 91
189
24
24
165
16 3
Clay, glas s, and s t one i ndustries ......................
27
27
1
l
25
25
I r on and stee l, machinery, and vehic le indust rie s. .....
33
32
2
2
31
30
Lumbe r and f urniture indus t r ie s........................
11
11
11
11
Other manufa ctu ring and all ied industr ie s..............
1 20
119
21
21
98
97
1 50
1 51
1 52
1 53
154
1 55
1 56
Le.bo rer s except in mf'g. and allie d industries •• ••••••••••
Hines, quarries , and oi l and ga s we lls •••••••••••••••••
Odd job s (genera l ) ••••••••••••••••••.••••.•••••••••••••
Railroad s (steam and str e et) ••••••••••••••••• • •••••••••
Roads , street s , and sewe rs •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••
Stor es (including porte r s in stores) •••••••••••••••••••
Laborers and helpers (n. e,o .) in bldg. an d const ...... .
157
Long shoremen and stevedo r es ••...•....••••....•.•. ,. .••••
158
1 59
160
161
Lumbennen , raft smen , and woodchoppe r s ..••..••.•....••••
St r eet c l e ane r s , garbage men, e.ncl. scavengers •••• •• ••• ,.
Tee.rnsters and d re.ymen •••••••••••• •• ••••• • • • ••••••••••••
Other le.borers , except mfg . and all i ed ind' s ( n . e . c .) ••
6
198
155
5 , 592
198
1 46
5 , 583
5
5
1, 207
111
1 , 024
267
2 , 577
1,1 99
111
1,02 4
266
2 ,57 7
1
13
47
34
306
l
13
47
34
306
l
4
29
79
l
4
29
75
920
l
294
920
1
294
8
8
64
15
487
64
15
487
1
49
49
3
'/ 2
4 , 6 16
4 , 607
4
4
900
103
954
251
2 , 059
l
12
45
32
255
892
103
954
250
2 , 059
l
12
45
32
255
16 2
163
164
165
166
167
168
169
170
171
172
173
174
175
DOl'IESTI C AND PERSONAL SERVI CE WORKERS ••••••• •• ••• •• , •• ·1---"
n.&J~
" """/'\~-+---~
,~.......
?7-+---"~~Q
"-'-"'7R'- + - - -44=n-+-----'9"'1R'-+---"""-':1
4 7--1,_
Barber and be auty shop wo r ke rs...........................
51
29
22
11
6
Bootbla cks •••••••••• ••• ••••••••••••••••••••••• ••• ••••• •••
17
17
Cleane r s and charwome n ...................................
968
17
951
43
43
Cooks and chefs (ex ce pt i n private fami ly) ••••••••••••• ••
228
174
54
26
22
4
Elevato r ope r ato r s .......................................
1 24
104
20
5
J ani tors , ce.r ete.ke rs, and sext ons ... . ....... . .. . .........
294
290
4
6
Le.und r esses (not in l aund ry) .............................
299
5
294
3
Porters (except in s tore s) ••••••••• ···•·••······· •··• ·•••
176
174
2
2
2
Practical I\urses , hospital attendants , and orde r lies . . ...
90
20
70
47
6
41
Servants (h ote l s, board i ng houses , etc . ) (n. e .c.) 1 ...••••
364
177
187
44
13
31
Servants (private f e.rnily)................................
2 ,2 21
88
2 ,1 33
117
3
114
Waiters , waitre sses , and bartende rs......................
223
94
129
64
19
46
Othe r dO?!l'lstic and pe r sonal se rvice wo rkers..............
250
1 38
112
77
16
61
176
177
176
179
FARl'I OPERATORS AND LABORERS, ........................... _ ___.1_7=
5 -t---~1=6"7- + - - - - " - - t - - - - ~3~0 -1----~3=0-+----+---=-14=1'-i---=13=3' - i - - - - - " - Fe.rm foremen, manage r s, and ove rse er s . . ................ ...
3
3
2
2
l
l
Fe.rm le.borers ........................... . .............. ••
116
108
14
14
98
90
Farmers..................................................
56
56
14
14
42
42
180
181
182
I NEXPERIENCED PERSONS ••••• , ••••••••••••••••••••••••••• •1----l..._5...4"-9-t-_ _...;3=2'-"4-+--=l-"2=2=5-+_ _ _446=-+------'9""3- + - - -3=5=3-+----"l..a.=
09=2'-i---=
22=8' - i - - - =
86....
:4.__
Persons 16- 24 years of age ( inclus ive) ••••••••• , ....... ••
827
292
535
218
76
142
603
21 3
390
Persons 25 ye a rs of age and over ••••••••• •• ............ ••
722
32
690
228
17
211
489
15
474
183
UNKNOWN OCCUPATION,.,,, •• , •••••••••••••••• • • , •••• , • , •,
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
19
10
_.;a4s....w75e:;4<....4_
39
17
907
200
112
28 2
285
170
40
316
2 1 064
154
168
10
___,a!l'-'-='20~4<....4_
23
17
16
151
93
278
5
168
14
163 .
83
73
120
__,3~,-~
5 5~0'-16
891
49
19
4
280
2
26
153
1,981
81
48
WORKERS ON RELIEF-FLORIDA
48
1
TABLE l-WORKERS ON RELIEF, BY USUAL OCCUPATION, COLOR, AND SEX, FOR THE STATE: MARCH 1935
TOTAL
2
NEGRO
WHITE
USUAL OOCUPAnON
MALE
TOTAL
TOTAL.•••••••••••••••••••••••
2
3
4
5
6
7
69 , 077
TOTAL
FfflA.LE
44,620
24,457
FfflALE
MALE
43,906
29,914
MALE
TOTAL
13,992
24 , 990
14,584
10,406
9
10
11
12
13
14
16
16
17
PROFESSIONAL AND TECHNICAL WORKERS ••••••••••••••••••••• • 1----=l.,.2::;;0:.,o4-+-_ _...;5::.,3:;:3-+----'6::,:7~1'-+_ _ _9::.;9:;:2-1-_ _ _46.:::.;l-1-_ _ _5:.;3:.:;l'-+_ _ _2::.:l:;0'-+_ _ _7:...:2'--+--...=;13::.:8:..,_
Actors...... • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •
13
8
5
12
8
4
l
l
Architects................................................
10
10
10
10
11
Artists, sculptors, and teachers of art ••••••••••••••••• ••
25
14
11
24
13
l
Chemists, assayers, and metallurgists.....................
5
4
1
5
4
28
Clergymen and religious workers ••••.••••••••• ••...........
68
66
2
29
28
29
1
Designers •••••••••••••••••••.•••••••••••••••••••••••••• •.•
5
1
4
5
1
4
21
21
21
21
Dre.f'tsmen••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• •........... • •
Engineers (technical) ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• •• •• ••
125
126
125
125
1
Lawyers, judges, and justices.............................
15
14
l
15
14
15
Librarians and librarians' assistants ••••••••••••••••••• ,.
18
3
15
18
3
28
20
53
Musicians and teachers of music...........................
168
106
62
139
86
61
6
Nurses ( trained or registered)............................
70
3
67
64
3
2
Physicians, surgeons, and dentists........................
8
8
6
6
5
19
Playground and recreational workers.......................
44
21
23
39
20
3
1
Reporters, editors, and journalists.......................
14
11
3
13
10
18
19
20
Teachers ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••
College instructors and professors ••••••••• • ••••••••••••
Primary and seoondary school, and teachers (n.e.c. H ••..
488
1
487
59
429
428
354
1
353
43
59
43
311
1
310
21
Other professional workers ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••
55
19
36
54
19
35
22
23
24
25
other semi.professional workers •••••••••••••••••••..•••••••
Abstracters, notaries, and justices of peace ..........••
Technicians and laboratory assistants •••••••••• • ••••••••
Semiprofessional workers (n.e. o.) ••••••••••••.••••••••••
62
50
5
4
2
8
47
1
12
l
12
l
59
2
9
4
51
44
7
49
4
7
26
27
28
30
31
32
PROPRIETORS, MANAGERS, AND OFFICIALS (EXCEPT AGRIC. ) ••• • t-----'6'-"6""9-+-_ _..,:5'-"8"'-6-+------"8"'3'-+_ _...;6~3::::6-1-_ _...;5~5:.:.7-1-_ _---!7..2
'<l'-+----'3u,1'-+-----!2<.!7-4_ _ __.4.__
Building contractors......................................
77
77
77
77
Foresters, forest rangers, and timbe r cruisers............
4
4
4
4
Hucksters, peddlers, and junk and rag dealers.............
37
35
29
27
Trucking, transfer and cab companies, and garages.........
17
17
17
17
25
10
Retail dealers and managers (n. e.c. ) ......................
204
176
26
193
166
11
52
12
9
other proprietors, managers. and officials................
330
275
55
316
264
33
34
36
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
OFFICE WORKERS •••••••••••••..•••••••••••••••••••••• •••·•1---"-2-'-:l:'-::9~
0 +---'9:::9:=2+---=L.a.,l,':9~8-+_ _.:::2...l;,;;3:_.;7-4-_ _...;9;;;5;;f6-4--._.:l.&;.1~6~2--+_ _......,:5~2--+--___..:3::.,:7--4_ ____:l!;!;6:.,__
Bookkeepers, accountants, and auditors....................
367
275
112
365
275
110
2
2
Cashiers (except in banks), •••••••••••••• ,., ••••.••• • • ,...
43
4
39
42
4
36
l
1
Clerks (n. e. c.) .............................. ,............
710
424
286
696
414
262
14
10
4
Messengers and office boys •••••••••••• ••• •••••••••••• ,....
89
89
70
70
19
19
Office machine operators. • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •
5
2
3
5
2
3
Office managers and bank tellers..........................
22
21
1
22
21
1
Stenographers, stenotypists, and dictaphone operators.....
482
29
453
473
26
447
6
Telegraph and radio operators..................... . .......
40
34
6
40
34
66
Telephone operator.a,.............. . .......................
86
66
86
40
205
Typists. • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •
248
40
206
245
other olerioal and allied workers.........................
76
74
4
73
69
4
46
46
47
48
49
50
51
SAlESMEN AND KINDRED WORKERS •••••••••••••••••••••••••• • • t---=l.L7'-,2~2+---=l.,;0~3~4'-+_ _...;6~8c!!8'-+---=l...,
.• 6:;,.:4~ 3:..+--~96~8~---6~7~5~_ _ _7!..:l44_ ____!6=!.!3!.....4_ _ _la!,.alLCanvassers (solicitors,
23
13
10
23
13
10
Commercial travelers......................................
16
15
1
16
15
1
Newsboys..................................................
34
34
28
28
6
6
Real estate agents and insurance agents...................
142
132
10
132
122
10
10
10
Salesmen and saleswomen (retail stores)...................
1,241
597
644
1,194
561
633
43
34
21
15
13
other sales persons and kindred workers........... . .......
266
243
23
250
229
62
53
54
65
66
67
68
59
60
61
62
63
64
66
66
67
68
69
70
71
SKILIED WORKERS AND FOREMEN IN BLDG. AND CONSTRUCTION ••• l----"
5""'5'-"6""4-+------"5""'5'-"8""4-+-_ _ __:::;_+--~4""-9"-'4~2-1--~4""-9"-'4~2'-+----=-+---6~2,.:::6'-+---6~2,.:::6~---...:Blacksmiths •••• •• ••••••••••• • ••••••••••••••••• •...........
98
98
80
80
16
18
Boilermakers •.• ,..........................................
45
45
41
41
4
4
Bricklayers and stonemasons...............................
201
201
151
151
49
49
Carpentera ••••••••••••..•••...•.......•..... .. .... ,.......
2,379
2,379
2,210
2,210
163
163
Cement f'inishers..........................................
213
213
80
80
133
133
Electricians •• , ••••••••••••••••••••• ,.....................
163
163
158
158
5
5
Foremen: oonstruotion (except road).......................
124
124
124
124
Foremen: road and street construction.....................
228
228
225
225
Operators or engineers• stat'y and port. eonstr. equip 1 t..
311
311
275
275
34
34
97
Painters (;iot in factory).................................
1,086
1,086
983
983
97
1
Paper hangers............................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
7
7
6
6
1
45
Plasterers................................................
181
181
136
136
45
19
19
Plumbers, gas and steam fitters •••••••••••••••. ,..........
214
214
195
1 95
Roofers...................................................
102
102
89
89
13
13
Sheet metal workers •••••••••• ••............................
36
36
34
34
2
2
Stonecutters and carvers..................................
9
9
9
9
Structural iron and steel workers.........................
68
68
62
62
6
6
6
6
Setters: marble, stone, and tile..........................
27
27
21
21
29
29
other skilled workers in building and construction........
92
92
63
63
72
73
86
SKILIED WORURS AND FOREME!f IN MFG. cl: OTHER INDUSTRIES •• t---"
2...,0":5'::-9-t------"'2""',Q":3~1-t-_ ____.2"'8+----=1.a.7~9:.::9-+---=l.,_
.7:...,:7..::2-+_ _......,:2:..!.7-4-_ _ _2~5~8➔---2~5::.,:74_ _ _-=--.
68
68
66
66
2
2
38
37
1.
22
21
16
16
24
24
24
24
8
112
108
4
104
100
4
8
206
200
6
198
192
6
8
8
207
207
114
114
93
93
199
199
186
186
13
13
Mechanics (n,e,o.) ••••• :..................................
774
774
726
726
46
46
Molders, founders, and casters (metal)....................
21
21
19
19
2
2
Sawyers ••••.•••••••••••..••••••••••.••. ,...................
127
127
91
91
36
36
Skilled workers 1n printing and engravinf!:•................
58
53
5
56
52
2
1
Tailors and furr.i ers ...... , ••••• ,.........................
22
18
4
11
7
11
11
Tinamiths and coppersmiths, •••••••• ;......................
22
22
20
20
2
2
86
87
Metal workers (exoept gold and silver) (n.e.c.) •....•.••..
Skilled workers 1n mfg. and other industries (n.e.e.) •....
8
29
74
76
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
l
42
133
16
117
133
16
117
1
any)..............................
Cabinetmaker■.,.,.........................................
Cobblers and shoe repairmen......... • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •
Conductors, steam and street railroads, and bu aes .........
Foromen (in faotoriee) •• •• •• •••••• ••,.....................
Foremen and inspectors (exoept 1n factories)..............
Locomotive engineers and firemen..........................
Machinists, millwrights, and toolmakers...................
E !.~~:~:;;::~:~;~;~r~:~;;~~:;;~~~;~;;~~:::: ::
161
173
162
154
=:t-_..:;
19
19
-O~l!;.:i➔---"l~Oli.::w.----=-
3 2
=-=~"'='~-t--_..:::3...
- 2=-=~"'='~+----+---..::2....2::.,;4::::;~----=2...2:::;4a=i- +----=-+---"l...
..i.;-
9l
Blasters (except in mines)................................
15
15
11
11
4
~
92
93
94
Caisson workers ••••• •••.•••••• •• •• ••••••••••••••••••••••••
Calkers •••••••••. •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••··•·••••••••
Firemen (exoept looomotive and fire department) ••••• , •••• ,
19
26 3
19
263
7
7
117
117
12
146
12
146
1 Inoludes
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
workers 16 through 64 years of age.
2 Inoludes
white, Negro, other, and unknown color or raoe.
'Not elsewhere classified.
49
OCCUPATION
TABLE I-WORKERS ON REIJEF, BY USUAL OCCUPATION, COLOR, AND SEX, FOR THE STATE: MARCH 1935-Continued
TOTAL
WHITE
NEGRO
USUAL OCCUPATION
TOTAL
MALE
F:EJ'!ALE
MALE
TOTAL
FE!-1.ALE
TOTAL
F:EJ'!ALE
MALE
95
96
97
98
99
100
SEMISKILLED WORKERS IN BLDG. AND CONSTRUCT ION - Cont.
Operators of building and construction equi~nt ••••• • •• •
Pipele.yers ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• •• ••••••••
Rodman and che.inmen (surveying) ••••• ••• ••• •• •.••• ••••••••
Truck and tract or drive r s •. ............•................•
Wel de rs ••• • ••••••• • ••••••••••••••••••••••••••• •••••••••• •
Other semiskilled wor ke r s i n building and construction •• •
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
SEttl SKILLED WORKERS IN MFG. AND OTHER INDUSTRIES ..••••• t----=8.a.,6~1'::5-+----"
4.&.:4~9-+---'
8
4-"
. l::2:.;:;6-+---"
6-L8c'.;46:;;-+--..;;.3..a.;2:'-:'5~1--+----"3""5"--'9'-"5---4---=l.a.7
.,_,5:.,:0---4_--.:l.a.·!:::
23~0---4_ _~52~0:.,__
Be.ke r s . • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •• • •• • ••••••••• • • • •• •••• •••••• •• • • ,
152
144
8
128
121
7
24
23
1
Brakemen ( re.i lroe.d) ..... .... .. .... ..... .. ... .... . . .... . . .
31
31
15
15
16
16
Deliverymen.• •••••••••••••••••• ••• •• ••• • •• ••• •••• ••• •••• ,
343
343
105
105
237
237
Dre ssmake r s and milliners. ......... .. . .. ..... .... .... ... .
2 , 386
16
2 , 370
2 ,1 46
14
2 , 132
234
2
232
Filers , grinde rs, buffe rs, end pol ishe rs (me tal).. ..... . .
29
29
28
28
1
1
Furne.cemen. heaters, smeltermen, etc. (metal working).. ..
2
2
1
1
1
1
Guards, watchmen, and doorkeepers (except rail r oad) ......
207
207
184
18 4
22
22
Handicraft worke rs: textile, wood , leather, metal, etc . . .
6
3
3
Inside workers: mines ••••••••••••••••• ,..................
51
51
26
26
24
24
111
112
113
114
Operatives (n . e.c.) in mfg . end allied industries ••••••••
Che mical end e.llied industries •••••••••••••••••••• • ••••
Cigar , cigarette , end tobacco factories •••••••••• • •••••
Clay, glass , end stone industries •••••••••• • •••••••• • ••
3 , 906
31
1 , 702
23
2 , 430
25
1,12 2
23
1 , 476
115
116
117
118
Clothing industries ••••••••••• •• ••• ••• ••..•••••.•••••••
Shirt, collar end cuff factories •••••••••••••••••••••
Suit, coat, and drtiss factories ••••••••••••• ••••• ••••
Clothing industries (n.e. o.) •••••••••••• • .. •••• ••••••
53
4
49
64
33
43
2 , 286
36
498
64
33
43
2 , 286
36
498
53
16
40
1 , 739
32
217
6
580
3 , 089
19
1 , 544
18
53
16
40
1, 739
32
217
1, 900
15
1 , 033
18
51
11
17
2
541
3
278
1,189
4
511
11
17
2
541
3
278
8 12
12
158
5
528
10
89
114
2
53
1
1
51
145
5
48
5
5
5
5
24
24
21
23
22
24
20
23
423
470
12
33
425
101
369
7
22
72
11
353
107
61
1
4
56
102
19
15
100
18
15
147
22
200
245
55
240
119
Electric li ght and power plant s ••••••••••••••••••••••••
120
121
122
1 23
Food and beve r age industries ••••••••• •• ••••••••••••••••
Bake ries ........•.......•........................•.•.
Sl aughte r and meat packing houses •••••••.••• •• •••• • • •
Food and beverage indust rie s (n.e .c. ) • • ••••• ••• • • ••••
585
14
38
533
162
8
6
26
128
12
405
124
125
126
127
128
129
Iron and stee l , machinery, end vehicle industries ••••••
Automobi le factories •• •• • ••••••• • •••• •• ••••••• •••••••
Automobile repair shops •••••••••••••••••••••• • •••••••
Blast furnace s and s teel r olling mills •••••••••••••••
Car end railroad shops •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••
Iron end steel, mach inery , & vehicle ind ' s (n. e . c.) ••
110
20
15
108
19
15
.2
6
6
6
6
41
28
41
27
39
23
39
22
130
131
132
133
134
Laundr ies end dry c l eaning establishments ••••••••••••••
LUlllbe r and furn i ture indu stries ••••••••••••••••••••••• ,
Metal i ndus trie s (except ir on end steel) •••••••••••••••
Paper, printing, end allied industries •••••••••••• •• ,.,
Shoe fa ct or ie s ••••••••••••••••••••••••••• .•••• • ••••• •••
384
68 1
91
654
182
435
35
413
2
2
2
2
51
37
14
35
6
6
49
4
136
136
137
13B
Textile industr ie s ••••••••••••• •• • •••• ••• • •••.•••••••• ,
Cotton mills •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• ,
Woo le n and wors ted mills •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••
Textile indus tri es (n. e . c .) ••••••••••••••••• ••• ••••• ,
65
30
31
16
34
14
2
33
13
20
,30
15
2
13
32
13
2
62
28
2
32
139
Mis c . end not specified manufacturing indust ries •••••••
210
162
48
148
108
40
61
54
140
141
142
143
Painters , varnishers, enamelers , etc . ( factory ) ••• •.•••••
Switchmen, flae;men, and yardmen (re.ilroe.d ) ••••••••••• , •••
Taxi c ab d rivers , bu s drivers, end chauffeurs •• • ••••••••• ,
Other semiskilled workers i n mfg. end other industries •••
44
60
229
1 , 169
41
60
227
905
35
44
100
939
33
44
98
679
2.
9
16
128
226
16
128
224
144
145
146
147
148
149
UN SKI IJ.ED LABORERS (EXCEPT IN AGRICULTURE) •••••••••••• •t-----l=l.~l"-'2'-"0_ _~l=l~ 0;,-4=3-+_ _ _7'""'7- +----4-, .~
78'--'7-+----4Labore r s in manufactur ing and allied industries ..........
1 , 776
1 , 716
60
885
Clay , glass , e.nd stone indust ries ......................
55
54
1
20
I r on and steel, machinery, and vehicle industries ... . ..
31
31
5
Lumber and f u rniture industr ies ,.......................
931
916
15
473
Other manufact uring e.nd allied indu stries..... .........
759
715
44
38 7
150
151
152
153
154
155
1 56
157
158
159
160
161
Labo rers except in mfg . e.nd allied industries ........... .
Mines, quarries , e.nd oil and gas we ll s . ............... .
Odd jobs (general) •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••
Railroads ( steam end street ) ••••• •••• ••••••••••••••••••
Ro ads , streets, and sewers •....••.•..•. •... .... ... ..••.
Sto r es ( including porte r s in stores) ••••••• • •••••••••••
Laborers end helpers (n .e. o . ) in bldg. end const • •• ••••
Loni;shoremen and stevedo res •••••••••••••• ••• ••••••••• ,.
Lumbermen , raftsmen, and woodchoppe r s •••••••••••..•••••
St reet cleaners, garbage men , and scavenge r s ••••• . •••••
Teamsters and draymen •••••••••••• •••• ••••••••••••••••••
Othe r laborers , except mfg . e.nd allied ind's (n . e . c . ) • •
162
163
164
166
166
167
168
169
170
171
172
173
174
176
DOMESTI C AND PERSONAL SERVICE WORKERS ••••••••••••••••• •t-----l.,.1~ 22::..:.0-+---'l..&.:;;.:
6 8'-'4'-+_
Berber end beauty shop wo r ke r s.. .........................
150
108
Bootblacks •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• ·······••••
17
17
Cleane rs and charwomen... ... ........................ .....
73
8
Cooke e.nd chefs ( exc ept in private f amily) ..... . .........
420
271
Elevator operators. ............ .. . .. . .... ...... ..... ... . .
18
12
Janitors , care take rs, and sext ons.... ....... . ...... ... ...
273
251
Laundre sse~ (not i n laundry)........................ . ....
2 , 85 6
25
Porters (except in store s) ....................... .... ....
164
161
Prac t ice) nu r ses , hospita l attendants , end or derlies .....
523
20
Se rvan°ts (hotels. boarding houses , etc . ) (n. e . c.).. ......
335
127
Servants (private family). .......... ........ .. ...........
4 , 885
110
Waiters , waitresses . e.nd bartenders •••••••••••••••••••• ••
523
109
Other domestic and personal service wor kers ..............
983
46t
176
177
178
179
FARM OPERATORS AND LABORERS ••••••••••••••••.••••..•••• "l----l'-"_l..,;6s,.,9"'6'--+--~''-"'..a."'
:.:0.,_13' -+---"-"
6 9._.3'-+----"8~ 83..,7-+_
Fe.rm i'oremen , managers, and overseers . .. ... . . .. ........ . .
67
66
1
65
Farm laborers................................ . ...........
6 , 110
5 , 527
583
4 , 042
Farmers......................................... . ........
5 , 519
5 , 410
109
4 , 730
180
181
182
INEXPERIENCED PERSONS •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 1----"9..&.7
' -'l:.:.7-+------=2"'-=
36:c.::3'-+----'7-'-"-'
35'-'4:....+-----=6---=4 7'-'3'-+----=l'"'-"'
18:c.::J-+-----=5;...,.::.;
29::.a0- +---'3:.a.::.
21:;.:6'---'_----'1:..1•.=.
l .7:...:6'---'_
Persons 16-24 years of age ( inclus ive) ......... ........ ..
4 , 6 34
1 , 6 19
3 , 015
3 ,1 86
1 , 060
2,126
1 , 438
557
Persons 25 years of age and over • • ••••••••••••• • •••••• ,.•
5 , 08 3
744
4 , 339
3 , 28 7
123
3 ,164
1 , 77 8
619
183
UNKNOWN OCCUPATION••••••••••••• • ••• • ••••• • .•••••••••••
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
9 , 344
98
2, 36 1
547
2 , 60 9
218
2 , 028
259
376
9 , 327
98
2 , 352
547
2 , 609
214
2 , 028
259
376
1
293
27
2
26 4
17
3 , 902
15
1 , 007
116
926
49
1 , 033
19
228
9
9
3
B6
753
86
749
33
473
5
15
165
5
62
286
8
433
72
543
438
423
5
5
14
4
19
2
260
8
73'-"1-+_ _ _5'-'6-+-----=6c.i.;;;.
29;;..;5'-4-----'6;..,. .::.
27'-'4=-4_ _ _;;.:
21=--838
47
887
874
13
20
34
33
1
5
26
26
460
13
456
454
2
353
34
371
361
10
3 , 893
15
1 , 000
116
926
48
1 , 033
19
228
5 , 408
83
1 , 347
426
1 , 676
169
98 1
240
147
3
33
472
_.;9:..,.•.:a.
5 3""6'-+---'2'-'-"'
56::..:.5:....+---.o.
44~4'--+---'2'-'.-"-12:::.al'--+_
42
115
79
36
65
149
6
22
2 , 831
3
503
208
4 , 775
414
518
284
2
69
2
116
3
51
5
7
19
17
5
53
87
13
49
2
11
281
1
414
55
538
385
336
__,8'-""'
40ea4'-+----""43"-'3' -4_
64
1
3 , 700
342
4 , 640
90
5 , 400
83
1 , 345
426
1 , 676
166
981
240
147
6
6
53
280
53
277
__,8'-"-"6"'
37'-l----l>.L-"2""3,8' ---1--7'--'-"
3-"'
99e...._
35
29
6
17
17
5B
6
52
255
155
100
13
9
4
210
199
11
2 , 563
20
2 , 543
156
154
2
89
l
88
263
110
153
4 , 335
105
4 , 230
85
56
29
558
377
181
__,2:..a.a!.
82::.,0'---1----:.2:..a.a!.
5~63'---1---!;
2~57c__
2
2
2 , 044
1 , 806
238
774
755
19
__:2:.a.::.
0 .4.::;0:.._
88 1
1 , 159
WORKERS ON RELIEF-GEORGIA
50
TABLE I-WORKERS' ON RELlEF, BY USUAL OCCUPATION, COLOR, AND SEX, FOR THE STATE: MARCH 1935
TOTAL
2
WHITE
NEGRO
USUAL OCCUPATION
TOTAL
TOTAL .•.•••••••••....•••••••.
1 30, 283
TOTAL
FfflA.LE
MALE
71 , 750
58 , 533
FE?!ALE
MALE
79 ,164
TOTAL
51 , 053
47 , 342
FEMALE
HALE
24, 374
26, 679
16
16
17
434
1,161
PROFESSIONAL AND TECHNICAL WORKERS •••.•••••••••••••••••• t----1-,6_6~6-+-_ _ _5_4....,0-+---l~,1_2-:-6- + - - ~
-=-+-----,-+--7 2....,7:--+_ _ _
5....,
05:--+_ _ _1_06--+_ _ _3_99~
7
4
Actors. • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • . . • • • • • • • • • •
8
4
4
3
1
1
3
3
Archite cts ............ . ...................................
3
3
7
13
Artists, sculptors , e.nd t eache rs of a.rt . ..................
14
8
8
8
8
8
Chemists, e.s s e.ye r s , e.nd met allurgists ........... ,..... . . ..
30
31
29
30
Cl e rgymen and r e ligious workers..... ......................
61
59
1
1
Designe r s ................... .. ............................
1
1
16
15
Draft smen... • • • • • • • • • • • • • • . • • • . . • . • • • • . • • • • • • • • • • . • • • • • • . •
16
15
157
1 57
Enginee r s (te chnical) .......................... •···•••••••
157
1 57
1
1 8"
18
Lawyers, judge s , and justice s ........... . .................
19
19
1
1
26
27
28
2
Librarians e.nd librarians' e.ssiste.nts ....... . .............
29
2
7
16
56
30
49
79
Mu s icians and teachers of musi c................... . .......
95
39
72
144
143
72
21 5
1
Nurses (trained or regi stered). ................ .. .........
216
1
4
4
7
1
1
6
Physicians, su r geons , and dent i sts. .......................
11
10
2
10
9
3
10
1
Playground and recree.tione.1 worke rs.......................
13
3
8
1
7
1
Reporters, editors, anc. journalists. . ... ..................
8
7
18
19
20
Tee.cha rs •••••••••••••••••••••••.•••••••••• • •••••••••••••••
College instructo rs and professors ••.• ••• •• . •••.•.•.•.••
Primary and s econdary school, e.nd teache rs (n.e.c. )~ •••.
91 8
4
914
146
3
143
771
553
3
550
92
2
90
461
1
460
21
Other professional worker s •.•••••••..•......•.••..•......•
29
10
19
26
10
16
22
23
24
25
Othe r semiprofessional workers •••••••.••.•••••.••...•••.•.
Abstra.cte r s , nota r ies , and justice s of peace ........... •, Technicians and laboratory assistants •••••••••..••.•••••
Semiprofes sional workers (n . e .c.) ••.•...•...• . ..• •.....•
60
48
12
2
4
53
2
6
45
43
2
10
2
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
537
472
PROPRIETORS , MANAGERS, AND OFFIC I ALS (EXCE PT AGRIC . ) ..•. ~ - -6'-'5'-"
4-+_ _ _5;.;5;.;;
0-+_ _ _1::.;0;..;;...+---.:...;;..;-+--__;;_=..+----6
4
::..:5:....+----=
l=.:16'-+---..:...
77' - - - l - - - ~
39= -Building contractors......................................
36
36
33
33
Foreste rs, f ore s t rangers , and timber crui se r s ...... .. ....
6
6
6
6
Hucksters, peddlers , and junk and rag de ale r s .............
1 87
157
27
81
54
30
1 06
103
Trucking , transfer and ce.b companie s , and ge.rnges .........
8
8
8
8
Retail deale r s and manage rs (n.e.c.). .••. .•. ••• ...........
1 95
175
12
1
19
13
1 81
20
162
Other proprie tors, manage r s. e.nd off icials. .......... .. ...
222
1 68
8
11
43
19
54
203
1 60
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
Bo~:!;~~~~:~~~~t;_;,t;: •
7
51
772
1
42
365
1
364
54
1
53
311
311
3
38
997
2 263
;_;,,j · ~~d~ t~;; :: : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : i---~2~.3~3~~!- + - ~l~ ~~~~-+---"l"'--'-~~'-'~---+--'-'-'--'-'-+---...c..;..--+--l
'--'---'2-: :- - 1 - - - l _
2:~ - - - 6-: - + - - - 6-! 305
209
:~::r..~~- ~~~ '. ::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::
7
521
70
11
9
42
42
9
12
65
46
46
47
48
49
50
51
2 1 89
1 282
SALESMEN AND KINDRED WORKERS ••••.••...•......•....•••••• t---~2~. 3~ 1=1'-t----"1~
3 6~4'--+----'94" "7-+---"'-'-""-"-+----=----=--"-'=-+-----'9~0 7- -+----=1=21=--i_ _ _~B=2-+-----=3~9 63
31
32
27
5
5
Canve.s.se r s ( s olicitors, any) ..............................
58
31
Comme r cia l travelers ....... . . . ............ . .. .............
44
41
3
2
1
1
43
41
Ne ws boys ..................................................
49
49
11
38
38
11
Re al estate a.gents and insu r e.nee a.gents ...................
172
14 8
24
10
40
26
1 32
1 22
14
Salesmen and sa leswomen (re tail sto r es) ...................
1, 586
772
814
801
36
1 , 549
748
24
12
Othe r se.les pe r sons and kind red wo r ke r s ........ ... . ..... ..
3 97
323
74
67
28
369
7
302
21
62
53
54
55
56
57
58
5 444
5 . 444
SKILIED WORKERS .Afffi FORE MEN IN BLDG. AND CONSTRUCTION ••• ~ - - "6:.a..B
: "0"-"0'-+----"6Cl.-"'
80e..s0:...+---....:c...+---"-'='-+----''-'-"'=--+-----'=--4----l:a·
•c,,3-"'
54
" - l - -l:.ee3"'54
= --,f----~Blacksmiths...... ......... ....................... ........ .
1 52
152
1 26
26
26
126
Boilermake r s . . • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • .. • .. • • • • • • • • • •
43
43
12
12
31
31
Brickl ayers e.nd stonemasons . . .............................
478
478
217
217
260
260
Carpente rs................................................
2, 534
2, 534
307
307
2, 227
2 , 227
Cement finishe rs........ ...... .......... ............ .... ..
215
215
170
1 70
45
45
Electricians..... • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • .. • • • • • • • • • •
204
204
5
5
1 99
1 99
Foremen: construction (except road) .......................
77
77
1
1
76
76
Foremen: roe.d and str e et cons truction......... ......... ...
97
97
2
2
95
95
Ope rat o rs or engine e r s: stat'y and port. c ons tr. equ ip ' t..
171
171
22
149
149
22
Painters (not in factory ) ....... ............... ....... ....
1 , 616
1 , 616
245
1 , 370
245
1 , 370
Paper hangers........................................... ..
11
11
10
1
10
1
Pla stere rs. . ................. .... .........................
240
240
38
202
38
202
Plumbers, gas and s team fitte rs ••.••••••••••••• , . .........
296
296
36
260
260
36
Roofers .. .. • • • • • • • • • • • • • • . • • . • • • • • • • • • • • . • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •
120
1 20
20
100
100
20
Sheet me tal workers................. . ....... .......... ....
48
48
2
46
46
2
Stonecutte r s and c a rvers ....... ...........................
26 8
268
8
260
8
260
Structu r a l iron and stee 1 wor ke rs. . . . . . . . • . • • • . • . . • . . • . • . •
83
83
2
81
Bl
2
Setters : marb le, stone, and tile .. .. ................. . ....
25
25
10
15
10
15
othe r skilled worke rs in buildi n g and constru ct ion....... .
122
1 22
66
56
56
66
59
72
73
74
76
76
77
78
79
80
56~
81
12
9
42
42
10
13
70
69
892
70
19
10
493
45
137
1 52
71
44
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
9;~
Bl
20
10
503
45
140
1 59
76
4~~
~~=~t: r(n:
Messenge r s and office b oys ••.••.•••..••••••••.••.. ,.......
Off ice me.chine opera.tors ,...................... . ... .. .....
Office mane.ga r s and bank telle r s ..........................
Steno g ra phers , stenotypists , and d ictaphone opera to r s .....
Tele gr aph and rad io ope r a.to r s ........... .... ........... . ..
Te lephone o pe rat o r s .......................................
Typists •••.••• ,, • , , , , , •••• , , , •••• , • ••••• ,,, .• ,.,,., .......
Othe r cle rical and allie d workers ••••...•••••.• , ..........
461
3
1 30
146
6
3~ i
8
1
451
3
1 28
140
6
8~
11
1
10
39
11
1
4~
10
1, 884
1, 850
___;;;CL..:.::..=...+---=.:..::..:'-1----::.;
34:....+~-__:::
3~5 6~--__:::3~47.!.....ll----__::.3
3
75
75
38
25
25
38
34
34
1 27
112
15
5
5
1 65
9
6
10
1 59
98
98
1 04
104
1 94
194
15
15
603
603
77
77
61
61
19
19
1 36
1 36
40
40
61
59
2
1
26
6
3
22
25
25
7
7
3
3
3
250
258
20
17
82
83
84
85
86
87
SKILLED WORKERS AND FOREMEN HJ l'!FG . cl: OTHER INDUSTRIES •. ~--"'2.L.2"4:c::l-+_
Cabinetmakers ........... . .................................
78
Cobblers and shoe r epairmen...............................
63
Conductors: steam and st r eet railroads, and bu ses .........
34
Foremen ( in factories) .. ...................... .... ........
1 32
Foremen and inspectors ( e xoe pt in factori es) ..............
17G
Loc omotive engineers and fire men.... ............ . .........
202
Machinists, millwr ights , and toolmakers...................
209
Mechanics (n.e.c.)••••••••·•••••••·••···•·•••••••·••••••••
681
Molders, founde rs, and caste rs (metal)....................
80
Sawyers ••••.••••••••••••••••••••••••••. , • • • • • • • • . . . • • • • • • •
176
Skilled workers in printing and engre.vinr,.,............. . .
63
Tailors and furriers...... ................................
32
Tinsmiths and coppersmiths.. .......... ....................
32
Metal wor ke rs ( exc e pt gold and silver) (n .e .c. ).... .••••••
6
Skilled workers in mfg. and other industries (n. e .c.).....
27 8
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
SEMISKILIED WORKERS IN BUILDING AND CONSTRUCTION ........
2 , 61 7
2 617
1 095
1 095
1 520
1 520
Appre ntices in building and construction •••••••••••••••••• r - - ~ - - :6,-+--"'-'C.,6,-+----+--...=L~'-+---'::..,.;:.=.::...-+-----f----'::.L.:=-4---=.,c..:c.::..::..._,f-----As phalt workers •• , ....... ..... . .... , •••••••••••••••••• ••••
B
8
Blaste rs (except in mines)................................
6
6
Caiss on workers ••••••• • •• •• ••••••••.•••••.•••••.••••••••.•
Calkers ••••••••• , •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••
5
5
2
2
3
3
Firemen (exce pt locomotive· and fire department) •••••••••••
343
343
91
94
249
24 9
81
'Includes workers 16 through 64 years of age.
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
2
___;;;2J..1=.;9:--::8- + - - - - - '4:..:3-+_
78
63
34
117
15
1 68
7
202
209
681
80
1 76
60
25
32
6
267
11
Inoludes white, Negro, other, and unknown color or race.
-'Not elsewhere ole.asified.
51
OCCUPATION
TABLE I-WORKERS ON RELlEF, BY USUAL OCCUPATION, COLOR, AND SEX, FOR THE STATE: MARCH 1935-Continued
TOTAL
WHITE
NEGRO
USUAL OCCUPATION
TOTAL
95
96
97
98
99
100
SE11ISKILLED WORKERS IN BU)G . AND CONSTRUCTION - Cont.
Operators of building e.nd construction equipment •.••••• ••
Pipe le.yers ••• , .............. , ••• • •••••• •• , • •• ••• , •••• , •• •
Rodman e.nd che.inmen ( surveying) • •• ••••• • •••••••• •• •••••••
Truck e.nd t ractor d r ivers •••••• • • • •• ••• •••••• • , ••••••• , ••
Welders ••• •• • • ••••••••••••••• • ••• •• ••• , •• • ••• • , •••• ,, . , ••
other semiskilled workers in building e.nd construction •••
• •:~. .~.
~~:
~~ . :~~~:~:~~ :
1 04
13
110
1,696
30
296
::::::1--~
MALE
FEJ'IALE
TOTAL
80
2
107
1 , 081
26
ll8
104
13
110
1 , 696
30
296
FEMALE
MALE
24
11
l
615
80
2
107
1 , 081
26
118
FEMALE
MALE
TOIAL
24
ll
l
615
4
4
178
178
~g~
B~~~~:~~ ~~~~~
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
Brakemen (railroa d) .,............... ..... ... ...... .......
Deliverymen..............................................
Dressmakers e.nd milliners, •••• ••• ••• •• • • • •.••• •• •••• , •• ••
Filers, gr inders, buffers, e.nd pol ishe rs (metal) , ••••••• ,
Furne.cemen, heaters , smeltermen, etc. (metal working) ,...
Guards , watchmen, e.nd doorkeepers (except rail road)......
Handicraft wo r ke rs: textile, wood, leather, metal, etc ...
Inside workers: mines ...... , •••• ,...... . .... .. ...........
li5i..:
, 5:.,,
i;,;.2+ _
1
49
71 2
2,046
28
9
133
19
106
111
112
113
114
Operatives (n.e.c.) in mfg. e.nd al lied industries .. ..... .
Chemical e.nd al lied industries •••••••••••••••••••• ••• ••
Cigar, c igarette, e.nd tobe.oco fe.otories ••••••• •• •••••• ,
Clay , glass, e.nd s t one indu stries .. .... , ... ... . .. .... ..
11,154
128
33
1 69
5,421
86
9
164
5 ,733
42
24
5
9, 561
49
22
125
4 , 632
14
5
120
4 , 929
35
17
5
1 , 593
79
11
44
115
116
117
118
Clothing industries •• • •••••••••••••••• ••• • • ••••••• , ... ,
Shirt, collar and cuff factories •••• •• •••••••••••••••
Suit, coat, and d res s f a ctorie s •••••••• ••••••• •••••••
Clothing industries (n.e.c.), ............. .... ..... ,.
643
57
222
364
51
7
15
29
592
50
207
335
596
55
1 89
352
45
14
24
551
48
175
328
47
2
33
12
338
35
19
284
329
45
34
250
96
12
20
64
233
33
14
1 86
180
186
25
11
12
56
82
179
21
11
12
55
80
_.:..
7 t..;
~ '-+_ __::6L,6:.:•6~~---4-__::3L,0:.:5;.:::- - i -__;l:.!.
,·1:.. ::·t~-+_ _..:.7z.;.,8::.::5::,:2-+__....::l;:::2z.;5~!'7~-+-__::5L.844::.;
, .:,
<n;_.;·~--i_
7
4
48
2
1
49
13
13
36
36
712
201
201
511
511
17
2 , 029
1, 687
14
1 ,6 73
357
3
28
25
25
3
3
9
3
3
6
6
133
116
116
17
17
9
10
15
5
10
4
4
106
91
91
15
15
7
789
72
4
44
__;l:.!.••~
184;:..._
3
354
804
7
7
41
2
32
7
119
Electric light and power plants . ...... . , . ........... • ..
10
120
121
122
1 23
Food e.nd beverage industries .. . .... ..... ... ... .. .. .. •••
Bakeries • •• •••••••••• •• •••••••• •• ••••• • • • • , •• ••••••••
Slaughter e.nd meat packing houses , •••• •••• •• •• •••••••
Food e.nd bevera ge industries (n.e.o. ) •••• • • • ••••• • •••
509
54
50
405
171
19
31
121
124
125
126
127
128
129
I r on e.nd steel, machinery, and vehicle industr ies • . • •• •
Automobile fact ories ••••• •• •••• ••• ••••••• • •.•••••••••
Automobile repair shops •••••• • •••••••••••••••••••• • • ,
Bla st furnaces e.nd stee l rolling mills ••••• •••• ••• , ••
Ce.r e.nd re.ilrpe.d shops., .......................... , ••
I ron and steel, machinery , cl: vehicle ind ' s (n . e . c .) ••
240
28
15
15
71
111
231
23
15
15
70
1 08
130
131
132
133
134
Laundries e.nd dry cleaning establi shments ••• • ••••••••••
Lumber and f'urniture industr ies ••••••• , •• • •••••••••••••
Mete.I industries ( except iron and steel) •••••••••••••• ,
Pe.per, printing, e.nd allied industries ••• • •• •• •••• , ••• ,
Shoe fe.otories ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• • , ••••••••
670
479
16
67
48
143
430
10
22
16
527
49
6
45
32
110
312
14
61
46
32
284
9
136
136
137
138
Textile industr ies •••••••••••••••• • ••• • ••••••••••••••• ,
Cotton mills ••••••••••• , ••••••••••••••• • • • •••• • ••• •••
Woo le n and wors ted mills •.......•... .• ............•. ,
Textile i n dust ries (n . e . c.) • • ••••• ••••• •••••••••••• ••
7 , 664
3 , 999
66
3 , 599
3 ,755
2,077
36
1 , 642
3, 909
1 , 922
30
1 , 957
139
Misc . and not specifi ed manufacturing industries •••••• ,
478
325
140
141
142
143
Pe.inters , varnishe rs, enamelers , etc . (fa ctory) ••••••• •••
Switchmen, i'le.13Men, e.nd yardmen (railroad ) ••••••• , ...... ,
Taxicab drive r s , bus d r ivers, e.nd chauffeur s ••••••••••• ••
Other semi skilled workers in mfg . e.nd other indu stries •••
71
102
242
830
69
1 02
242
756
144
l 45
146
147
148
149
1/NSKI I.LED LABORERS (EXCEPT IN AGRICULTURE) •••••••••••• •1---=la:,.
6.a.al:":7".:'1+_..a!l~
5.._,2s.,2c;.7- + - - - - '9~ 44~+--~5.&.9~1Su,'7-+-->1":.."~0"'84
Le.borers i n manufactur ing and allied industries ..........
4 , 028
3 , 529
499
1 , 762
1,484
Clay , gl a ss , and s t one industries . .... ....... . .. .... ...
203
201
2
49
48
Iron and steel, machine ry, e.nd vehicle industries ••••• ,
1 82
179
3
52
51
Lumber e.nd f urni t ure industries •••••••••• • • ••• •••••••• ,
966
942
24
447
443
Other nianufe.cturing e.nd all ied indust r ies •••• •••••• ••••
2, 677
2 , 207
470
1 , 214
942
150
151
152
153
154
155
1 56
157
1 58
159
160
161
Laborers except in mfg. e.nd allied industries • • • •••••••••
Mines , quarries, e.nd oil and ge.s wells ••••••• •••• • • ••••
Odd jobs (general) • ••••••••••••• ••••••• • ••••••••• ••••••
Ra il roads ( steam e.nd street ) .......................... ,
Roads, st reets . and sewe rs •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••
Stor es (including porte rs in stores) •••••••••••••••••••
Le.borers e.nd helpers (n , e . o.) in bldg. and const ••••• ,,
Longshoremen e.nd stevedo re.s, •••••••••• , •••••• , •••••••• ,
Lumbermen, re.ftsmen, e.nd woodchoppers • •• ••• •• •••••• •• ••
Street cleaners ,, garbage men,. and scavengers ••• ••.••• ••
Teamsters e.nd dre.ymen ••••• , • •••••••••••••••••••••••••••
Othe r le.borers , except mfg . e.nd allied ind ' s ( n . e . c . ) ••
162
163
164
165
166
167
168
169
170
171
172
173
174
176
DOMESTIC AND PERSONAL S.ERVICE WORKERS ••••• ••• • • •• •• , •• •i--~1~
9 ".':7c-::O-:O--t-_ _
2"':
.0""3~3-+-~1~7. 6~6~7-+_ _
2._
. 5=6~7- + - - ~3=6....
8-+_ _2...,1=9=9-+---=l:.:.7.._l:.:2:.::3--+---=l.._6::.:6a.::5--+--'l::.::5.a.4
.::5::.:8'-Barbe r e.nd beauty shop wo r ke r s ., •••••• ••••• ••••••••••••• ,
1 99
139
60
142
99
43
57
40
17
Bootblacks ............. .. ... , •••• ,.......................
31
31
l
l
30
30
Cleaners e.nd charwomen, ...... .. . ... .............. .. ..... .
384
31
353
21
6
15
362
25
337
Cooks and chefs (except in private family) • • •• • ••••• ••• • •
440
211
229
57
41
16
383
170
213
Elevator ope re.tors ••••• ,.................................
65
51
14
35
33
2
30
18
12
J an itors, car etakers, e.nd sextons.. ...... .... .......... . .
503
408
95
50
41
9
453
367
86
Laund r esses (not in laundry) ....................... ·•••••
4,723
37
4 , 686
152
152
4 , 567
37
4 , 530
Porters (except in stor es) .............. . ............... ,
223
223
5
5
218
218
Pract ical nurses, hospital attendants, e.nd orde rlies •• ,..
511
50
461
275
23
252
236
27
209
Servants ( hotels, boarding houses , etc.) ( n.e.c.)........
470
81
389
26
8
18
443
73
370
Servants (private fam ily) •••••••••••••••••••••••••••• ••••
1 0,282
154
1 0 ,12 8
883
16
867
9 1 395
1 38
9, 257
Wai ters , wai t r esses, and bartenders ••• ••••·•.............
476
129
347
324
51
273
152
78
74
Other d moo stic e.nd person al service workers ..............
l, 393
488
905
596
44
552
797
444
353
176
177
178
179
FARM OPERATORS AND IA BORERS ........ . .................. 't---"3"'2""'1~2.,..
6 -+--=2""'
6 ..._8":,1-::6 --+----=5 •..,3:-=l=0 --+---=2-"3 '-'2;.,:4.::.
2 --+---=2.:c.O..,
, 5:.;l.::.l--+----=-2"-'
,7c:::3.::.l--+-----"8L:
. 8::.::6:.::
6~
Fe.rm foremen, manage rs, and oversee r s... ... .... .. . .. . ....
64
63
l
62
61
l
2
Fe.rm le.borers............................................
1 9, 862
1 5, 002
4 , 860
13 , 274
10, 868
2, 406
6, 5 76
Farmers..................................................
12,200
11,751
449
9 1 906
9, 582
324
2, 288
180
181
182
INEXPERIENCED PERSONS, •••••• , ••••• • , , •••••• •• •••••• , , , , t---::2=-'7...,,3,.,,4.,,..
6 _,.._ _
4 °"3"=2.,.
5 -+--=2.,.
3 ,..._0'°'2~1_,.._....
1.,.9._5....
4~8-+--=2 ._8"'-7=2 -+--=
1=6._
. 6:.:.7....
6-+----'7 &..7:..:8=0--+---=
l .._4=5::l--+---=
6""'3::.:2:.::9_
Persons 16- 24 years of e.ge ( inclusive) .......... . ...... .,
11,879
3 ,239
8,640
8 , 446
2, 258
6 1 1 88
3, 429
979
2, 450
Persons 25 years of e.ge e.nd over ... ... . ................. ,
15, 467
1, 086
14, 381
11,102
614
1 0 , 488
4 , 351
472
3, 879
183
UNK!IOWN OCCUPATION••• • ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
12,143
382
6 , 730
692
623
725
1,308
130
226
18
1 33
1,176
Gil'/
11, 698
382
6 , 342
692
623
712
1,308
130
226
18
133
1,132
500
7
4
75
9
7
16
1 55
11
57
54
3
52
2
105
2
5
98
4
3
4
3
15
29
15
28
78
28
560
167
5
2
111
146
l
19
15
42
31
6
3
3
2
l
1
7,424
3 , 885
52
3, 487
3 , 628
2, 004
33
1 , 591
3 , 796
1,881
19
1 , 896
240
114
14
112
127
73
51
113
41
11
61
153
278
179
99
200
146
54
60
85
68
483
52
10
17
173
295
9
74
61
85
68
535
445
388
13
44
1 87
4 , 195
14 1
2, 558
121
250
67
440
4 , 024
141
2 , 410
121
250
66
440
5
5
156
156
2
2
36
419
36
397
342
240
3
17
173
273
_ _...;44~!9~-~l.,O~. 20,!..!l7---1_
278
2, 264
l
1 54
l
130
4
518
272
1,462
171
148
22
1 02
7, 943
240
4 ,170
571
371
658
868
125
70
16
97
757
343
449
21
l
22
__;9ca.
, -.1..
71=.!2'-l'----.'.!.49:<!5L 2, 043
221
153
l
128
2
498
20
1,264
1 98
7,669
240
3 , 930
5 71
371
646
868
125
70
16
97
735
_
__:::6L:
. 2;;:.:8:.::9~
2
4 ,124
2, 163
258
274
240
12
22
_
__:::2CL
. 5~7'-'72,452
125
85
52
WORKERS ON RELIEF-IDAHO
TABLE 1-WORKERS' ON RELIEF, BY USUAL OCCUPATION, COLOR, AND SEX, FOR THE STATE: MARCH 1935
TOTAL 2
WHITE
NEGRO
USUAL OCCUPATION
TOTAL
TOTAL .•••••••••••.•••••• ,,,,.
27 , 246
FEMALE
l1ALE
22 , 559
4 , 687
TOTAL
Fll!ALE
MALE
27 , 032
22 , 401
4 , 631
TOTAL
87
FEMALE
HALE
52
35
4
5
6
7
B
9
10
11
12
13
14
16
16
17
PROFESSIONAL AND TECHNICAL WORKERS •.•.••.•• , •••••••••••• ______l:;.;.6_7_ _ ___c;8..c.7-+-------8-'0-+_ _ _lcc..;6...;;.7-+_ _ _8...;;.7-+_ _ _8...;;.0- + - - - - - - - - - - I - - - - Actors ••••••••••••••••••••• ••••••••• ••••••••••• • ••••••••.•
Architects, .............................................. .
Artists, scu l ptors , and t eache r s of a rt ••.•.•••••.••••••••
4
4
Chemi sts , a ssaye r s , and metallurgists ••••••••••••. ••••• •••
4
Cle rgymen and r e ligious workers .......................... .
Designers ................................................ .
2
2
2
Draftsme n •••••• •• ••••.••••.••••••••••..•••••••••••••••••••
2
11
11
11
Enginee rs (technical ) ••••.•.••.•.•••••.•••••••••••••••••••
11
Lawye rs, judges , and justices .. ............... ........... .
4
4
4
Librar ians and libr ar ians ' ass is tants •.•..•••••.•••••.••••
17
13
17
13
4
Musicians and t eache rs of musi c ••••••••••••• , .•••••..•.•••
1
1
14
13
13
14
Nurs es (trained or regi ste red) .......................... ..
1
1
1
Physicians, surgeons, and dentists •• • ••••••••.••••••••.•••
1
1
1
Playground and r e creational workers .••••••••••••..••••••••
4
4
Reporters, -editors, and journalists ...................... .
18
19
20
Tea chers ...... ................................ ........... .
College instru ctors and pr ofess ors •••••••.•..•••••••• • ••
Pr imary and s econda ry school , and t e a che rs (n,e.c. H ....
21
othe r profes s ional worker s •..•.•.••.•.. . , .•.•••.•.. .. •.•.•
22
23
24
26
Othe r semiprofessional workers •••••••••••••••••••..•••••••
Abstra cters , notar ies , and ,ju sti ces of peace •• •• •.••• ••"
Technicians and laboratory assistants, •••••••••.••••••••
Semiprofessi onal workers (n . e . c.) ••• • •• , •••.• . ••. , ••••••
26
27
2B
29
30
31
32 .
127
1 32
PROPRIETORS, MANAGERS , AND OFF IC IALS (EXCEPT AGRIC. ) .... t-------=-+----='-'--+-----"'-+----'l::.:
3=2-+_ _ _1::.:2:;.;.7- + - - - - " - - - 4 - - - - - - 1 - - - - - + - - - - Building contractors •••••••• , .•••• , • , • • • • • • • • . . • • • • • • • • • • •
11
11
11
11
Foresters, fo r est rangers, and timbe r crui se rs,.... .......
23
23
23
23
Hucksters, pedd lers, and junk and rag de ale r s ••••. , .. ,....
3
3
3
3
Trucking , trans f er and cab companies, and garages.... .....
1
1
1
1
Retail deale rs and managers (n.e, c.)... .. ........ ...... ...
42
41
42
41
Other proprie tors , managers, and off icials ..... .... .. . ....
52
48
4
46
52
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
397
l 252
OFFICE WORKERS •••••••••.••.. .•••..•••••••••• •.••.••••••• t----""--'--+----"--"--+---l;;,..4_
5- + - - -3
- 9_6-+---2
- 5_2- + - - -144
- + - - - - -l ' - + - - - - - + - - - Bookkeepers, accountants, and a uditors ••••..•..• ,. ....... .
26
87
61
26
87
61
Cashiers ( e xce pt in banks) •••• , , ......... . , ... , •.•••• , • • • •
3
5
2
3
5
2
Cle rks (n.e.c . ) ••••••••••••• , ••••--••···•••••••••••••·••• •
26
145
119
26
119
145
Messengers and office boys •• ••• ••••.••••••••••••••• ,,,....
3
3
3
3
Offi ce ma.chine operators, .•••• , ••••••••••.••••••.•••••••••
1
Office managers and bank tellers ••••••••••••••••••••••••••
1
1
37
36
37
36
Stenographers, stenotypists, and dictaphone operato r s •••••
1
1
20
21
21
1
Telegraph and radio operators •.••••.•...•.•• , •. , ••.•. ,,.,.
20
25
25
25
25
Telephone operators ...... , ... ,., ......................... .
30
4
26
31
27
4
Typists, ........ •••••••••••••••••• ·• ·••••••••••••••••••••,
42
42
Other clerical and allied workers ••••••••• , •••••••..•••••.
42
42
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
138
44 3
305
SALESMEN AND KINDRED WORKERS ••••. • ••••• , •.•••••.• •••• , •• t-----''--'-"'-+----"-"""-+----'l"-'3"'8-+
_ _ _4:.,,;4'-"3-+_ _ _3::.:0a:.5.:: + - - - ==--4------t-----+----Canvassers ( s olicitors, any) •• , •••••••••••••••••••• •·••• • •
1
3
2
3
2
Connnercial travele rs......................................
3
3
3
3
llewsboys •••••••••••••••••••• ••• ,..........................
2
2
2
2
Re al estate agents and insurance agents •••• •• •••••• ·•••••••
1
20
19
1
20
19
133
Sale s men and saleswomen (retail stor es) •••• •.••• ••••••••..
345
1 33
345
21 2
21 2
3
othe r sales persons and kindred workers •••.• , •.•.•• , ••• ,..
67
3
70
67
70
62
53
54
55
56
57
58
69
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
· 69
70
71
2 066
2 066
SKILLED WORKERS Al'!D FOREMEN IN BLDG. AND CONSTRUCTION, •• 1-----=-+------""'-""'-"--+-----+-----2.._
.0"-'6'-"0-+-----2.._
.0-'-'6'-"0-+-----+---------1---~-+----Blacksmiths ........... , •• , • ••• , ••••••••••••••• , ••••••• ,...
156
1 56
156
156
Boilermakers ••••••••• , •••• , ••••••••• , .......... , •••••• ,...
18
18
18
18
Bricklayers and s tonemasons ................ ,..............
73
73
73
73
Carpenters .............. , ••••••••••••••••••..•• ,..........
721
721
723
723
Cement finishers ..................... , ••••••••••••••••••• ,
87
87
89
89
Electricians ....... , .... , ••••••• , ••• , •••• ,., •• , ••••••• ,...
6B
68
68
68
Foremen: construction (except road) .......................
15
15
15
15
Foremen: road and str eet construction.....................
121
121
1 21
121
Operators or e n gineers: stat'y and port, constr, equip't..
276
276
276
276
Painters (not in factory) •••••• , ••••...••••••••••• ,.......
308
308
310
310
Paper hangers,............................................
5
5
5
5
58
Plas tere rs, ••••••••••• •• •••• , ••••••••••••• -~..............
58
58
58
97
Plumbers, gas and steam fitters...........................
97
97
97
8
8
Roofers •••••••••••••••••••• , •••••••••••••••• , • • • • • • • • • • • • •
8
8
Sheet metal workers.......................................
3
3
3
3
Stonecutters and carvers ••••••••• ,........................
4
4
4
4
23
Structural iron and stee 1 workers •••••..••••••••• ,........
23
23
23
Setters: marble, s tone, and tile..........................
4
4
4
4
15
15
other skilled workers in building and construction. . . .....
15
15
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
884
878
SKILLED WORKERS AND FOREMEN IN l'IFG. &: OTHER I NDUSTRIES •• t-----''-"-'--+----"-'-"-+-------"-+----'8"-'
8"'2-+_ _ _8: :..;7c::6-+---..::...+-----+----+----Cabinetmakers ••••••••• , ••••• , ••• • , •• , ••.• , ........... ,....
5
5
5
5
Gobblers and shoe repairmen •• ,,.,... . .....................
20
20
20
20
Conductors: steam and street railroads, and buses .........
8
8
8
8
Foremen (in faotories)........ ....... ...... •• •• • • •• .... •••
22
20
20
22
Foremen and inspectors ( except in factorie s ) •••••• ,.......
94
93
94
93
Locomotive engineers and firemen •••••• : •••••••••••••.• ,...
70
70
70
70
Machinists, millwrights, and toollllakers ••••••••••••••••• ,.
74
74
74
74
Me chanics (n.e.c.) ....... ,................................
41 3
413
41 5
415
Molders, founders, and c a sters (metal) •• , •••• , ••••• ,......
6
6
6
6
Sawyers •• ,,,., ........................ ,...................
93
93
93
93
Skilled workers in printing and engraving.. ...............
19
19
19
19
Tailors and furriers......................................
7
4
4
7
Tinsmiths and coppersmiths .......... . .................... ,
11
11
11
11
Metal workers (except gold and silver) (n,e.c.)...........
1
1
l
1
Skilled workers in mfg, and other industries (n.e.c.).....
39
39
39
39
88
89
90
1 , 801
l 801
SEMISKILLED WORKERS IN BUILDING AND CONSTRUCTION •. , •••• •1---~.;..;.;:-+---=-'--'-'=-+-----+---'l:L'-'-'
79:..:6'-+---'l'-'-'-'-'
79:..:6'-+----+-----'~---...::'...-4----Apprentices in building and construction • •• •• ,., •••••• , •• ,
Asphalt workers .. , .•.•.•.••••..•••••.•.. . • , .• , ..•••.•. ••••
95
95
Blasters (except in mines) ............... •••• ............ .
95
95
Caisson workers •. ••• •• •,.•• ••••••••••••••••••.•••• • ••••.••
Calkers .................................................. .
62
62
62
Firemen (except looomotive and fire depart?nent) ••• , •••••••
62
91
92
93
94
1 Inoludes
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
workers 16 -through 64 yea.rs of age.
2 Inoludes
84
28
56
84
28
56
84
28
56
84
28
56
15
14
15
14
l
14
1
13
1
13
14
white, Negro, other, and unknown color or raoP,
3Not elsewhere classified.
OCCUPATION
53
TABLE I-WORKERS ON RELIEF, BY USUAL OCCUPATION, COLOR, AND SEX. FOR THE STATE· MARCH 1935-Continued
TOTAL
'llm'l.'E
NEGRO
USUAL OCCUPATION
95
96
97
98
99
100
SEMISKILLED WORKERS IN BLDG. AND CONSTRUCTION - Cont .
Operators of bu i l d i ng and con s t ru ct ion e qu i p:ne n t .•• ••••••
Pipelayer s •••• • ••••• ••••• •••• ••••••••••• •• • • ••••.•••• •• ••
Rodmen and chainmen (surveying) ••••••• ••••••• •••.••••• , ••
Truck and t ract or d rivers •••••••• • ••••••••••••.. .. ••.••••
Welders ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••.••••••••••• • .• .•• .•••
Other semiskille d workers in buildin g and const r uction •••
FFl1ALE
11ALE
TOTAL
147
1'17
3
3
20
1, 389
27
58
20
1 , 389
27
58
MALE
TOTAL
147
3
20
1 , 384
27
58
rotAL
HALE
147
3
20
1 , 384
27
58
?'71.:a5~ - --2--+------!'---4----'?. _
s,1"c...+---"''...."~~~ 4-_ _r,_
~g-+_ _ _r,_?'7u.....74-_.....1l..._.....,.
l "?""-'l
il.;!6-+-_ __..,_
SE!flSKILLED WORKERS IN MFG. AND OTIIBR I NDUSTRIES ...• • , • ~ -_.l.,_5:;_,
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
Deliverymen •••••••••• •• • •• , ••••• •• •••••• • ••• •••• •• , .•• •••
Dressmakers and milline r s • • ••••• ,......... .. ... . ... . .....
Filers , gr inders, buffers, and polishers (me tal) .........
Furnac emen, he a t er s , smeltennen, et c . (me tal working ) ....
Guards , watchmen, and doorkeepers (e:><.cept railroad).... ..
Hand ic raft fforkers: t e xtile, wood, leather, metal, etc...
I n s i d • workers: mines ... .. .................... . ...... , , • •
71
119
34
1
16
1
506
506
111
112
113
114
Operatives (n • .,. o. ) i n m!'g. and allied industries ••• , ••• ,
Chemical and allied i n dustries, ..... , .. , ••• , •••••••••••
Cigar, cigarette, lllld toba c co factori es,, ••• • •.••••••••
Clay, g lass, and s tone industries ••••••••••••••••••••••
400
29 6
115
116
117
118
Clothing industries ••• •• •••••••••••••••••••••••.•••••••
Shirt, collar and cuff factories ••••••••• • •••••••••••
Suit, coat, and dress factories ••••••• , ••• •• •• • ••••• ,
Clothing industries (n.e. o.) ••• , ••••••••••. •• .•••••••
:~::;~·i;;E;~;~i::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::
~!
5
34
1
16
119
El ectr i c light and power plants ••••••••••••• , ••••••••••
39
39
120
121
122
123
Food and beverage indu s tries ..................... .. , •••
Baken.es • • ••••••• , ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••.• ,
Slaughter and meat packi ng houses ••••••• • ••••••••••••
Food and beverage industrieo (n.e.c, ) ••••••••••••.•••
74
1
30
43
58
124
125
126
127
128
129
Iron and steel, -chinery, and vehicle industr ies •.••••
Automobile factories ••••••••••••.•••••••••••••••• , •••
Automobile repair shops ••••••.•••••••• ••••• ••••••••••
Blas t furnace s and steel· roll i ng mills ••••• ••••• •••••
Car and railroad shops •••••• • ••••••••••••••••••••••••
Iron and steel, machinery, & vehicle ind 's (n, e .c.) ••
30
30
130
131
152
133
134
Laundr ies and dry c l e aning establishments ••••••••••••••
Lumber lllld furniture industries ••••••••••••••••••••••••
Metal i ndu st r ies ( e x cept iron and s teel) ••••••••• •• ••••
Paper, printing , and all ied i ndustries •••••••••••••••••
Shoe factor i e s ••••••••••••••••••••••••••• ••• •••••••••••
135
136
137
138
Texti le industr ies •••••••••••• ••• •••• • •••• •• ••••••••• ••
Cotton mills ••••••••• •••• •••••••••••••••• • ••••••• ••••
Woo le n and wor sted mi lls, ••••••••••••••••••••••••• , ••
Textile indust r ies (n. e. c.)., ••••••••••••••••••••••••
3
4
f!
i!71
30
28
f!
71
5
34
l
16
71
119
34
l
16
1
504
504
104
397
295
39
39
16
1
73
1
29
43
57
30
30
114
15
29
28
114
102
16
1
15
3
3
3
1
14
4
l
14
1
14
l
14
8
8
8
8
36
1 29
8
35
129
129
4
28
129
4
2
l
8
27
4
4
3
l
2
1
139
Misc . and n ot specifie d manufacturing i ndu str ies ..... ,.
68
16
52
67
16
51
140
141
142
143
Pa inte r s , varn i s hers, enamelers, e tc. (factory ) ......... .
Switchmen, flagmen , and yardmen (railroad ) •••••••••• •• •••
Taxi c ab d ri ve r s , bu s drive rs, and chauffeurs, •••••••••• .,
Other s emi skille d wo r ke r s in mfg. and other industrie s •••
18
17
271
18
17
214
57
17
17
271
17
17
214
57
144
145
146
147
148
149
5"'----;;r..!2'-"6'-+_ _ _~ 4 - - -....l=.::9:......+----'l"-"9:......+----'-V;
UNSKILLED LABORERS (EXCEPT IN AGRICULTURE) . , •••••• • • , • •1---..>i.5.,?'-"9~0--+----"5~ 2...i8.34'-1----..:!...+---"5"'-?='-l----"
376
383
382
38 7
Labore r s i n manufactur ing and all ied industries . . . ... ....
7
7
7
7
Clay, glass, and s t one industries ......................
33
33
34
34
Iron an d steel, machinery, and veh i cle indu stries ......
245
245
246
246
Lumber and f ur niture industries •••••••••••••••••• ••••••
93
98
95
100
Other manufact u ring and all i ed industries •••••••••• ,...
1 50
1 51
1 52
1 53
154
155
1 56
157
158
159
160
16i
Labo rer s exce pt in mfg . and all i e d indu stries ••••••••••••
Mines , quarrie s, and oil and ga s we lls •••••••••• •• •••••
Odd jobs (general ) •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••
Rail roads ( s te am and street ) .......................... .
Ro ads , s t reets , and sewe rs ••..•...•.••......•......••••
Stor es (including porters in stores) ................... .
Laborers and helpe rs (n,e.o,) in bldg. and canst ••• • •••
Longshoremen and ste vedores ••••••••••••••••••••••••••• ,
Lumberme n , raft smen , and woocl.ohoppe rs •••••••••••.•• , •••
Street c leane rs, garbage men , ll?ld scavenge rs ..... . ....•
Teamste r s and draymen ••• • •••••••••••••••••••••••.••••••
Othe r l a borers , except mfg . and all i ed ind's ( n . e . c . ) ••
162
163
164
166
166
167
168
169
170
171
172
173
174
175
33""8'-+_ _ _9:::..:9:..::3c_+----'3"-'9'-+-----'l::..:8'-+-----'2::..:l:._
~l,.:,6c..+---'-1~ 33""1'-+---"-'
"''5'"'6-+----'-l.._O
DOMESTIC AND PERSONAL SERVICE WORKERS, •••••••••••••••• •~--=l..a.;3"-'7'-~=- + - - - -3
10
41
51
10
41
51
Barber and beauty s hop worke r s ••••••••• ••.•••••••••••• .. •
2
2
2
2
Boot blacks...............................................
10
10
10
10
Cleane rs and charwomen •••••••••••• • ••••• ,., •••••••• • ,....
318
99
22 9
328
10
97
Cooks and chefs (except i n private f amily) .,.............
221
3
l
2
3
l
Elevat or ope r ators •••••••••••••••••••••• , •••••• • ,.. ......
2
39
6
40
46
5
J an i tors , caretake rs, and sext ons ••• , •••••••••••••••• ,...
34
5
5
5
5
Laundresses (not i n l aundry)....................... . .....
3
Porte rs (except in stores) .................. ..... ... •••••
3
1 36
1 34
1 36
Practical nurses, hospi tal attendants , and orderlie s .....
1 34
2
7
51
36
8
44
Servants (hotels, b oarding houses, e t c . ) ( n . e . c.) ........
43
8
10
351
354
366
3
Servants (pr i vate fam ily).. • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • . . . • .. • • . .. • •
36 3
3
l
1 36
1 21
13
1 34
Wa i ters , waitres ses , and bar tende rs ••••••••• •• ••• ·•••••••
1 22
14
235
223
12
Other dOl!ll stic and personal s ervi c e wo r ke r s ....... . ......
235
223
12
176
l 77
178
179
. :l:,.:0::::6-4-_---=9..a.;0~5~3'-1-----'5:::a3:....i._---=9.._0"-'4._,4-+----"8.._9::..:9'-"l-+----'5::..::3:.._+-----=-+ - - -- - - ' ' - + - - -FARM OPERATORS AND LABORERS ........................... •~-..::9.1..
35
35
35
35
Fam f oreme n , manage r s, e.nd overseers • .• ••••• , ••• • ,,.....
51
6 , 295
6 , 346
51
6 , 354
405
6,
Fe.rm laborers............................................
2
2 , 66 1
2 , 663
2
2 , 664
2 , 666
Farmers ••• ••••••••••--••••••••••••, ••• •• • ••• ••••·•••·•·••
180
181
182
92::..:6'-+_ _---'1:::..:3'-+_ _ _- " - - t - - - -l- :l_
:::..:8::..:6c_+_--=2:..i..:::..:
;::.:l:.::2c..+---=l"-0
:::..:5e.:e6c..,+---'4"-0
INEXPERIENCED PERSONS ••••••••••••••••••••••••.•••••••• •~--'!4..a.;0"-'4,.:,5-+----=l.._0,:.,8:.: :9-+-----"2"-9
l
2
1 , 554
1 , 021
2 , 575
1 , 565
1, 02 3
2 , 588
Persons 16- 24 years of a ge ( inclu sive) ............. ••••·•
10
11
1 , 372
65
1 , 437
1 , 391
66
1 , 45 7
Pe r sons 25 years of age and over ......... •••• ........... ,
183
UNKNOWN OCCUPATION;., •••••••••••••••••••• , ••••••••••••
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
4 , 84 8
144
1 , 215
209
1 , 00 3
45
4 59
4 , 906
145
1 , 219
242
1 , 01 2
46
464
4 , 902
145
l , 219
242
1 , 012
45
464
4 , 852
144
1 , 215
209
1,003
46
459
2
2
1 , 29',
2
2
1 , 294
l , 29 3
1 , 29 3
400
82
400
79
399
82
399
79
24
22
24
22
18
18
WORKERS ON RELIEF-ILLINOIS
54
TABLE I-WORKERS' ON RELIEF, BY USUAL OCCUPATION, COLOR, AND SEX, FOR THE STATE: FEBRUARY2 1935
TOTAL 1
WHITE
NEGRO
USUAL OCCUPATION
TOTAL
TOTAL .•••• • ••• • •••.•.••••••••
r'EHALE
MALE
379,914
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
16
16
17
PROFESSIONAL AND TECHNI CAL WORKERS .................... . .
4 287
4-=-2-+-Ac t ors •••.•. . .••• • . • • • ••...•.•••. • •. •••••••••••.•••••••••• t - - - -2,-,
Architect s ••••••••••• • •••••••••••••••••••• • ••••••••••• •• ••
~
Artists , sculptor s , and t eache r s of a rt •• •• •••. • •••••• , •••
185
Chemists , a ssaye r s , and meta llurgists ••••••••••••••••••.• .
~
Cl e r gymen and r e ligious wor ke r s •••..••••• • ••••• • ••••••••••
207
Designe r s •••.•••••••••••••••••• • ••.•••• • ••••••••••••••••.•
76
Draftsme n •••• • •••••• • •••••••••••••.•• , ••••••••••••••••• • ••
297
311
Enginee r s (technical ) ••••••.• • • •·· • ••••••••••••····•··•·••
Lawye r s , judges , a nd just ices •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••
~
Li brar:i.e.ns and librarians ' a ss i stants •••••••••••••••••••••
43
Mu s icians and t eache r s of mus ic, ••••••••••••••••••••••.•••
882
tfor s e s (trained or r e gis t e red) .... . ......... . ............ .
269
Phy s icians , s urgeon s , and de ntists ••••••••••••••••••••••••
~
Pl ay ground and r ecr eational wor ke r s .••••••••••••.•••••••••
120
50
Reporters, editor s , and journalist s .••••••••••• •••••·•· •.•
18
19
20
Teache r s ••••• • ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••
College instr ucto r s and pr ofessor s ••••••••• . . • •••••••.••
Primary and se condary school, and t eache r s (n. e .c. ) ~ ••••
622
2 93,512
2 897
-..,1--=3-=7 -+--
TOTAL
86,402
320 , 582
1 . 390
3 . 628
-..,1:-::o-=-5-+-----,l:-::7:-:-9-+-
~
FEMALE
MALE
255 , 260
~
~
173
139
~
~
202
69
297
311
102
76
290
311
98
69
290
311
34
~
6
635
10
37
247
259
~
86
32
34
18
146
476
8
6
2
614
140
474
MALE
54 , 366
34 ,190
20, 176
2 5 15
1 113
6 15
357
258
- ~l:-::l--::2-+---'--6""7-+-----'-50..,1---1-----'-2'-'3- --l----"-"28'--
~
151
65 , 322
FE11ALE
TOTAL
34
10
5
5
4
7
105
104
10
~
~
33
708
259
%
109
50
6
509
10
%
80
32
27
1 99
249
29
18
11
476
2
474
1 32
1
131
344
1
343
144
14
6
138
5
9
130
1
129
17
17
5
162
10
115
5
47
10
2
21
Other profes s i onal wor ke r s ••••• • •••.••. • • • • • •••••• • •••••••
138
99
39
130
97
33
22
23
24
25
Other semiprof es sional worke r s .......... . .................
Ab stracte r s , notar ies, and justices of p 0ace ........ ••.,
Technicians and laboratory as s istants,..................
Semiprofessional workers (n. e .c.).......................
694
9
50
635
565
9
36
520
129
605
9
50
546
503
9
36
458
102
86
60
26
14
88
86
60
26
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
1 -+--'--7"-'8'-7~
'c 9 -+---'7 .._
.4=4=1-+_ _ _4""'3'-"
8-+_ _ _8:;.;:0:.=0--1-_ _ _'7-'l:;.;.7--1------'8:;.;:3;..._
PROPRIETORS, MANAGERS, AND OFFICIALS (EXCEPT AGRI C. ) •••• t - - -8"-'-'-7-'-74"--+----8~ 2-=4~3- + - - ---'5~3=
Building contractors... . ......................... . ........
927
927
891
891
36
36
Foresters, forest rangers, and timbe r crui se r s ............
5
5
5
5
Hucksters, pedd lers, . and junk and rag de ale r s ....... . .....
2,086
2 , 025
61
1, 5 94
1, 5 39
65
46 5
459
6
Trucking, transfer and cab companies , and garo.ges .........
342
330
12
306
299
7
36
30
5
Retail deale rs and managers ( n .e.c. ) ........... . ..........
2 , 220
2 , 076
144
2 , 108
1 ,976
132
80
73
7
Other proprietors, managers, and of fic ia ls ............. . ..
3 , 194
2 , 880
314
2 , 975
2,731
244
184
119
65
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
4-4
OFFICE WORKERS ••••••••••••.. • ••••••••••••••••••••••••• • • t----=18:'-'-"3-=43:'--t--=-l=-l'-:'7-"6~
4 -+-Bookkeepers, accountants , and a uditors................ . ...
1 , 405
862
~~=~~r(}::~: )..~~.~~~'.:::::::::::::::::::: : : : :::::::::
Messe ngers and office b oys.............................. . .
Off ice machine operators ................................. •
Office managers and bank telle r s •••••••••••••••••••• • •••• •
Stenographers, stenotypi s ts, and dictaphone ope r nto r s .....
Telegraph and radio o perators........................ . ....
Te lephone operators •••••••••••••••••••• ,................ . .
Typists ........................................ ,..........
Other clerical and allie d workers ................ . ....... .
46
46
47
48
49
50
51
SAIESl1EN AND KINDRED WORKERS ••••.••••••• , ••••••••.••••• , t--_13---=
6-=-15: :--r--9----:4-::66: :--r--4 --=
.1-::49
: :---t---1_
2 ._,6,...,l-:-9 -+_ _
8 _8,..,,l-::5 -+_~3.._,8'-::04:-=--t----8'-::7--:-7-+_ _ _5'-=7~8- - ~ -2= 9c.,,9,-Canvassers ( s olic i tor s , any)..................... . ........
6 70
488
182
641
466
175
19
12
7
Commercial travelers ••••••••••••••••••••••••.• ,...........
922
879
43
902
869
33
10
10
Newsboys •• , •• , ••••••••• ,..................................
775
756
19
686
668
18
89
88
1
Real estate agent s and insurance agents ...................
1, 064
999
65
988
929
59
73
67
6
Salesmen and s a l e swomen ( re tail sto r es) ...................
7 , 579
4 , 068
3 ,511
6 , 898
3 , 687
3 , 211
6 12
35 2
26 0
Othe r sales persons and k indred wor ke r s ...................
2 , 605
2 , 276
329
2,504
2,1 96
308
74
59
16
62
53
62
63
64
66
66
67
68
69
70
71
SKILIED WORKERS AND FOREMEN I N BLDG . AND CONSTRUCTION • • • .___
29~·~
5_98_,____.
29_ .~5_98_ + - - - - - - + -_ _2_
7 _8_3_4--+_ _2_
7 _8_3~4-+------+--~
1~5~0~2-+_ _1~6~0~ 2 - + - - - Blacksmiths.............................................. .
748
748
724
724
14
14
Boi lenoakers ................................ . ... ,....... . .
388
388
368
368
16
15
Bricklayers and st onemas ons • • • ,...........................
2 , 212
2 , 212
2 , 094
2 , 094
93
93
Carpente rs .......... , ..... ,...............................
7 , 520
7 , 520
7 , 22 4
7 ,2 24
244
244
Cement finishe r s ........ . .................................
937
937
8 19
819
105
105
Electricians .................... , .............. ,..........
1, 335
1 , 335
1, 313
1 , 31 3
13
13
Foremen: cons t ructi on ( e xcept road ) •.•• , ••••••••• , • • • • • • • •
97 4
97 4
926
926
38
38
Foremen: road and str e et constructi on.....................
375
375
370
370
5
5
Operators or enginee rs: stat'y and port. con s tr. e qui p't..
2 , 371
2 , 37 1
2 ,166
2 ,166
183
183
Painters (not in f actory ) .................................
7 , 075
7 , 0 75
6 ,499
6 ,499
502
5 02
Paper hangers............ . ................................
306
306
26 1
261
44
44
Plas t e r e r s ................... •••••·•••·•··................
1, 02 4
1, 024
876
876
143
143
Plumbe r s , ga s and s team fi tters...........................
1, 852
1 , 852
1,767
1,76 7
68
58
Roofer s ... . ....................... . ............. . .........
486
486
474
474
10
10
Sheet meta l workers •••••• • ••• ,............................
20!l
209
208
208
Stone cutters and c a rvers................ . .................
191
191
184
184
1
1
Structura l i ron a nd s t ee 1 wor ke r s .. . ......................
555
555
550
550
5
6
Setters: marble, s tone , and t ile ...... . ........... . ..... . .
241
241
235
235
6
6
Othe r skilled worke r s in bu ilding. and con stru ct ion . .......
799
799
776
776
23
23
72
73
74
76
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
SKI LIED WORKERS AND FOREMEN IN MFG. & OTHER IIIDUSTRIE S •• ~--=l "9--'-"6-"56= ---t----=l =9 --=3=2=9 -+---~3=2~7 -+--=l=8 ~1=
9~2 -+--=1~
7 ~8=9-'7- + - - ~2=9~5-+-----"1~2=6=3-+---=l-"2"-'3=3--1-------3=0Cabine tmakers.............................................
593
593
581
581
43
43
Cobblers and s h oe r epai nnen .,., •••• , •••••• ,............. . .
460
459
1
411
410
1
Conductors: ste am and stre et r a ilroads , a n d buse s .........
413
408
5
412
407
5
77
17
Foremen (in fact or ie s ) ............................. •••••••
1 , 667
1, 556
111
1, 567
1, 473
94
94
107
6
Foremen and inspe ctor s ( e xce pt i n fact or ies) ..............
1 , 645
1, 538
107
1, 512
1,413
99
113
28
Loc omotive enginee rs and firemen....................... . ..
96 1
96 1
933
933
28
48
Machini s ts, millwr ight s , and toolmakers...................
2,659
2 , 659
2, 585
2 , 585
48
336
Me chanics (n.e.c.)........................................
4,1 99
4 ,1 99
3 , 832
3 , 832
336
306
Molde rs, founde r s , and c a s t ers (metal ) ....................
1 , 923
1, 923
1, 585
1,5 85
306
57
Sawyers .............................. ,............. . ......
6 13
6 13
550
550
57
11
Skille d workers in printing; and e n graving.................
1 ,067
1 , 026
41
1, 044
1 , 003
41
11
49
Tailors and furri e rs......................................
449
411
38
388
356
32
55
7
Tinsmiths and coppe r s mith s ................................
62 2
622
602
602
7
62
Metal workers ( e xce pt gold and silver) (n.e.c. ) .... • ••••••
666
666
589
689
62
Skilled worke r s i n mfg . and othe r industr ie s (n . e . c . ) ... ..
1 , 719
1 , 695
24
1 , 601
1 , 578
23
103
102
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
SEl1ISKIL1ED WORKERS IN BUILDI NG AND CONSTRUCTION •..•••• "l----"'Z0"-'-'-7"-80~ 1---"'20"-L,'-7"-80" ---11---Appre ntice s in bu ild i ng and constructi on ••• ,..............
1%
145
As phalt workers . • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • . • . • • • •
70
70
Blnste rs ( e xce pt i n mines). ••••••••••••••••• • •••• ,........
30
30
Cai s son worke r s ••..•••••• •• •••••• •................ . .......
75
75
Calk:ers ••• ••..............................................
22
22
Firemen ( e xce pt locomotive and fire de partment)...........
2,028
2 , 028
64
56
66
67
58
69
60
61
9,:;;
1, 483
390
253
1, 237
277
1 , 108
867
897
1,!~~
1 , 432
105
230
127
227
70
94
838
14
115
---=6 '-:5'-7':-79 -+--=177 '-:2'::'379-+--=l=l"-'0'-::7-:'8-+---=6 ...,lc:'6c;l-+---'9= -:l:.:;:5--+---'6"-'6'-"8--+----"-34._,7,-543
1 , 370
853
5 17
28
3
25
2,i;;
51
285
23
1 , 110
50
1 , 038
773
59
9 , ~i~
1, 376
389
2%
1, 158
271
1, 082
799
810
1,i;~
1 , 340
105
222
127
221
68
82
756
l ,:~~
36
284
23
1, 0~1
50
1, 014
71 7
54
67~
102
1
1
64
397
87
2
63
72
1
12
67
18:
15
1
64
1
51
5
---+---=-18
"-'-"3:.:.
7.:,..
7 -+--=l,,_8.i.::3:.:.7.:..
7 -+----=--l---~
2.r.=
. <!.l'-"'
0--+---"-'-'
??::.,·1:.:e
0--+----=-129
129
5
5
25
25
45
45
29
29
1
1
70
70
5
5
21
21
1
1
1, 610
1 , 610
394
394
'Includes worke rs 16 th r ough 64 year s of age, bas e d upon a comp l ete c ensus of the State , except that data for Cook County a r e based upon a 20% random s ample i n
t he county of relief househo l ds with wo rkers .
2
The statistics presented are fo r Feb ruary 1 935 . The data fo r Illinois have not been a d j u sted to March 1935 because the differenc e betwee n the r elie f case load s
for the two months (inc l uding cases without wo r kers) was l ess than on e per cent .
' I ncludes white , Negro , othe r, and unknown color or race .
' Not elsewh ere c l assified .
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
OCCUPATION
55
TABLE I-WORKERS ON REIJEF, BY USUAL OCCUPATION, COLOR, AND SEX, FOR THE STATE: FEBRUARY 1935-Continued
TOTAL
WHITE
NEGRO
USUAL OCCUPATION
TOTAL
MALE
FfflALE
MALE
548
247
48
12 , 769
646
2,235
548
247
48
12,769
646
2,235
66 975
884
583
l, 796
953
1 , 373
599
1,117
35
9 , 654
53 793
856
583
l, 796
37
1, 338
599
1,117
12
9,654
13 182
28
95
96
97
98
99
100
SEMI SKILLED WORKERS IN BLlJG. AND CONSTRUCTION - Cont.
Ope rators of building and c onstruction e quipment •••••••••
Pipe layer s •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• •••••••••••••
Rodman and chainmen (surveying) ••••••••••••••••••••••••••
Truck and tractor drivers •••••••••••••••••••••••••••.••••
Welders •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• • ••• •• •.•• , •••••••• ,
Other semi s killed workers i n building e.nd construction •••
602
258
58
14,214
697
2 ,5 8 1
602
258
58
14 , 214
697
2,581
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
SE1'1ISKILLED WORKERS IN MFG . AND OTHER INDUSTRIES ••.••••
Bake r s •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• ,
Brakemen (railroad) •••••••••••••••••••••.••••••••••••••••
Deli ve rymen ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••
Dressmakers and mi ll i ners • • ••••••••••••••• •• •••••••••••••
Filers , gr inde rs, buffers, e.nd polishers (me tal) •••••••••
Furnacemen, he a t ers, smelt ermen, etc . (metal working) , •••
Guards , watchme n, and doork e epers (except railroad) •.••••
Handicraft workers: t e xtile, wood , l eather, metal, etc •••
I ns ide workers: mines ••••••.••••••••.•• •••••..•.•..••••••
78 699
929
584
2,158
1,235
1, 521
933
1,277
46
10,092
61 060
888
584
2 ,158
38
1;485
933
1 , 277
12
10_,092
17 639
41
111
112
113
114
Operatives (n.e .c .) in mfg. and allied indu stries ••••••••
Che mical e.nd allied indu3tries, ••• , •••••••••••••• ••••••
Cigar, cigarette, and tobacco factories ................
Cl ay , glass , and stone industries •••••••••••• • •••••••••
46,501
1,182
183
1,599
31, 006
766
132
1,454
15,495
416
51
145
38,478
975
157
1,366
26,892
597
115
1,281
115
116
118
Clothing industries ••.•...........................•••••
Shirt, collar and cuff facto ries •••••••••••••••••••••
Suit , coat , and dre ss factories .. ..•.................•
Clothin g indu str ies (n. e .c. ) •• •••··•• •••••• • ••• ••••••
4,025
105
2 , 010
1,910
1,174
30
66 1
483
2,851
75
1 , 349
1,427
3,236
104
1,564
1 , 568
1,019
30
562
427
117
1,197
36
34
FEMALE
TOTAL
TOTAL
MALE
FfflALE
52
11
10
1,314
42
330
52
11
10
1 ,314
42
330
10 733
31
1
321
274
124
309
137
10
382
6 442
18
1
321
1
1 23
309
137
11,586
378
42
85
7,396
191
21
204
3 , 638
159
12
144
3,758
32
9
60
2 , 217
74
1,002
1,141
744
143
601
414
330
87
56
327
274
916
35
23
4 . 291
13
273
1
10
382
119
Electric light and power plants ••••••••••••••••••• , ....
63
58
63
58
120
121
122
123
Foo d and beverage industries ....• ••• ..•.•.........•• •••
Bake r ies ....•...•.............•....•.... . .....•.•• . ••
Slaughte r e.nd meat packing houses •••••••.••••••••••••
Food and bevera ge industries (n.e.c. ) ••••••••••.•• • •••
6 , 659
670
1,961
4 , 028
3 , 355
420
1,410
1 , 525
3,304
250
551
2,503
4,944
622
1 , 122
3 , 200
2,498
387
762
1,349
2,446
235
360
1 , 851
1 , 560
27
763
770
732
22
572
138
828
5
191
632
124
125
126
127
128
129
Iron and steel, machinery, and vehicle industries •.••••
Automobile fact or ies ..•.............. • . . . .... ...•. •. .
Aut omobile repair shops .•••....••. . ..•..... ... ...•. . •
Bla st furnaces and stee l rolling mills •••••••••••••••
Car and railroad shops •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••
I r on and steel, machinery, &: vehicle ind ' s (n.e.c.) ••
10,719
1,271
227
880
1,951
6 , 390
10,250
1 ,1 72
227
863
1,944
6,044
469
99
9 , 091
1 ,116
180
666
1,728
5,401
408
88
16
7
297
1 , 055
51
45
173
192
594
997
40
45
173
192
547
58
11
17
7
346
9,499
1,204
180
682
1 , 735
5,698
47
130
131
132
133
134
Laundries and dry cleaning est abli shments ••••••••••••••
Lumbe r and furniture industries .....................•.•
Metal i ndustries (except iron and stee l ) •••••••••••••••
Pape r, printing, and allied industries •.. . ...• . ...... • •
Shoe factories ...... . .......... . ......... . ... . ......•••
3,855
2 , 785
2,266
2,622
1,550
1,254
2,555
1 , 677
1,755
888
2 , 601
230
589
867
662
1 , 655
2 , 511
2,084
2 , 445
1 , 506
636
2, 347
1, 563
1 , 623
871
1 , 019
164
521
822
635
2,159
248
162
139
38
5 94
188
102
100
11
1,565
60
60
39
27
135
136
137
138
Textile indust ries ................ . .......... .. .........
Cotton mills •••••••••••••••••••••••• • •••••• • •••••••••
Woole n e.nd wors ted mi lls •••••••••••••••••• • ••••••••• ,
Textile indus tries ( n. e . c . ) ••••••••••• •···••••·•··• ..
1,316
103
80
1,133
527
52
52
423
789
51
28
710
1,151
84
75
992
453
38
47
368
698
46
2B
624
147
18
5
124
71
13
5
53
76
5
139
Misc . and not spe cified manufactu r ing industries ......•
7,677
5,161
2,516
6,886
4,740
2,146
728
385
343
140
141
142
143
Pa inte r s , varnishe rs, enrune lers , etc . (factory ) ......•...
Swi t ch,,ien , flagmen , and yardmen ( railroad ) •••••••••••••••
Taxicab d ri ve r s , bu s driver s, e.nd chauffeur s •••••••••••••
Othe r semiskilled worker s in mfg. and other industries •••
1,809
1,257
2,158
B, 199
1,701
1,257
2 ,15 8
7 , 471
108
1,534
1 , 166
1,767
6 ,442
77
517
173
82
369
1,124
143
82
369
918
30
728
1 , 611
1,166
1,767
6,959
144
145
146
147
148
149
UNSKILLED LABORERS (EXCEPT IN AGRICULTURE) •••••••••••••
Labore r s in manufactur ing and allie d industries ••••••••••
Clay, gla ss , e.nd s t one indu str ia s . ..•... . ..... ...• ..•••
I r on and steel , machinery, and vehicle industries . ...•.
Lumbe r and furniture industr ies •••••••••••••.••••••••••
Othe r manufactu r ing and allied industries •.••••••••••••
53 960
14,148
1 , 779
5 , 052
1,277
6,040
53 467
13,799
1 , 740
5 , 013
1,243
5,803
493
349
39
39
34
237
41 469
10 , 003
1,449
3 , 511
854
4, 189
41 175
9 , 774
1,435
3 , 472
828
4 , 039
294
229
14
39
26
150
11 049
3 , 646
304
1,242
416
1,684
10 851
3 , 527
279
1 , 242
408
1,598
198
119
25
150
151
1 52
1 53
154
155
156
157
1 58
159
160
161
Labo r ers except in mfg. e.nd allie d industries ...........•
Mines, quarries, and oil and ga s wells •••••••••••••••••
Odd jobs (gene ral) ••••••••••••••••••• ••. •. •••••••••••••
Rai lroads (steam e.nd street) •••••••••••••••••••• • ••••• ,
Roads , streets, 8Ild s ewers •••..••.•...••.... • • • ....••••
Stor es ( including porte rs in stores) ••••••••• •••• ••••••
Labore r s e.nd helpers (n. e . c . ) in bldg. e.nd const •••••••
39 , 668
878
2, 180
7,699
3 , 740
4,345
7 ,5 38
352
4,710
347
2 , 507
5,372
144
31 , 401
815
1,963
5,989
3 , 279
2 , 423
6 , 125
194
4,092
260
2 ,188
4,073
14
7 , 403
53
202
1 , 069
427
1,921
1,369
148
571
87
303
1,253
7 , 324
53
201
1,069
427
1,880
1 , 369
148
571
B7
303
1,216
79
51
31,466
815
1 , 969
5,989
3 , 279
2,468
6 ,125
194
4 , 092
260
2,188
4,087
65
Lumbennen, raftsmen, and woodchcppers •.......... ...•..•
Str eet cle ane r s , garbage men, anci s c avenge rs •. .... ....•
Teamste r s and d raymen ••••••••••••••• •• ••••• • ••••••••• • •
Othe r laborers , exoept mfg . and allied ind ' s ( n . e . c . ) • •
39 , 812
878
2 , 187
7 ,6 99
3,740
4,431
7 , 538
352
4 , 710
347
2,507
5 , 423
37
162
163
164
165
166
167
168
169
170
171
172
173
174
175
DOMESTIC AND PERSONAL SERVICE WORKERS •••••••••• •• ••••• ,
Bar ber e.nd b eauty s ho p worke r s •••••••••••• ••• ••••• • ••••••
Bootbla cks •. .....•••........ ... .. , ... , ........ .. ......•. •
Cleane rs e.nd chan,ome n .... .. . .......................•....
Cooks and -chefs (except in pr ivate family) •••••• •• •••••••
Elevator ope r ators ......................••.. .... .....•...
Janitors , caretake rs , and s e xtons . . ........... ..... ...•.•
Laund r esses (not in laundry ) •••• • ••••••••••••• •• •••••••••
Porters (except in stores) •• •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••
Practical nur ses , hospi tal a ttendants, e.nd orde r lies •••••
Se r vants (hote l s, boarding houses, etc . ) (n. e .c. ) •..•.•••
Servants (private fami ly) ••••••••••••••••••••• • •••••.••• ,
Waiters, waitr esses, e.nd bartenders ••••••••••••••••••••••
Othe r domestic e.nd personal se rvice workers . ... •.... . ....
41 214
1,404
319
1,333
3 ,367
805
3 ,778
2, 196
2 , 647
1,009
4 , 053
14,156
3 , 669
2 ,47 8
15 940
1 , 098
31 3
349
2 ,145
699
3 ,487
57
2 , 638
254
1,616
405
1 , 606
1,273
25 274
306
6
984
1 , 222
106
291
2 ,1 39
9
755
2,437
13,751
2 ,063
1,205
24 . 333
1 , 092
69
742
2 , 357
559
2,540
781
527
909
2 , 120
7,834
2 , 987
1,816
9 719
920
68
188
1 , 542
520
2 , 330
25
519
231
1 , 058
211
1,178
929
14 614
172
1
554
815
39
210
756
8
678
1, 062
7 , 623
1,809
88 7
16 375
302
250
574
957
243
1,212
1 , 388
2,058
96
1,853
6,204
617
621
5 92 4
168
245
151
558
178
1 , 133
32
2,057
22
498
188
389
305
10 451
134
5
423
399
65
79
1 , 356
1
74
1 , 355
6 ,016
228
316
176
177
178
179
FARM OPERATORS AND I.ABORERS ••••••••••••••••.••••..•••••
Farm foremen, manage r s, and overseers . . ..................
Farm laborers ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••
Farmers ....•••.•.••.••..••.•.• • ..... . ..•...... , .........•
35 219
210
23,439
11,570
34 . 856
201
23,185
11 , 470
363
9
254
100
33 483
201
22,217
11 , 065
33 274
192
22,087
10,995
209
9
130
70
1 538
9
1 , 068
461
1 391
9
951
431
117
30
180
181
182
INEXPERIENCED PERSONS ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• • • , ••
Persons 16- 24 year s of age ( inclusive) •••••• ••• •••••••• ••
Pe r sons 25 years of age and over •.•.....••... . , ..... , .• ,.
51 048
41 , 345
9,703
22 374
21,007
1 , 367
28 674
20 , 338
8 , 336
44 557
36 , 862
7,695
20 121
18,958
1,163
24 . 436
17,90 4
6 , 532
5 917
4 , 038
1 , 879
2 016
1 , 823
193
3 901
2 , 215
1 , 686
183
UNKNOWN OCCUPATION••••••••••••••••••••••• , ••••••••••• ••
4 7 21
3 738
983
3 997
3 221
776
572
401
171
Longshoremen and ste vedores •. . , ... , . , , ... ..... .... , •..•
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
86
45
71
206
8
86
41
147
WORKERS ON RELIEF-INDIANA
56
TABLE l-WORKERS 1 ON RELIEF, BY USUAL OCCUPATION, COLOR, AND SEX, FOR THE STATE: MARCH 1935
TOTAL2
W!IlTE
NEGRO
USUAL OCCUPAl'ION
TOTAL
TOTAL . • ••• ••• •• , •• , • •• •• .,.,,
~
161 , 293
FfflALE
MALE
113, 364
TOTAL
47 , 929
TOTAL
HALE
1 39 , 762
1 01,21 5
Arch i te cts .................. . .............. . ....... . ... .. .
Artists, sculptor s , and t eache r s of a rt •..••• ,............
Chemist s , assaye r s , and metallur gists ......... . ......... . .
Clergymen and r e ligi ou s wor kers ............ . ........... . ..
Designe r s ...... . ........................................ . .
Draftsmen •••••.••..•• • ••••••••••• • ••• , .. • •••• , • • • • • • • • • • • •
Enginee r s ( technical ) ....... . ... . .. • .. .. • • .. • • • • . • • • • • • .. •
Lawye r s , judges , and just ices .... . ................... .. . . .
Libr arians and librar i ans ' a ss i s tant s •••• ,....... . ...... . .
Musicians and t eache r s of mus ic .. . .............. . .... , •• • .Nurses ( t rained or regi ste red )................. .. . .. ......
Phys i cians , s u rgeon s , and dent ist s ......... . ...... . ... .. ..
Playgr ound and rec reat ional workers .......................
Repo r te r s , editor s , and j ou rnalist s .. .. ... , .•••• ,....... . .
3
48
14
105
10
89
100
18
11
21 0
1 30
7
12
14
3
39
14
99
7
88
100
18
150
8
6
6
9
11
60
122
1
6
5
3
46
13
63
9
85
98
12
9
177
117
5
8
14
18
19
20
Teache r s .... . ......... . ....................... , ......... . .
College instruct or s and professor s •• •• .•• , •. .• • • • ••.•. • •
Pr imary and secon d9.ry school, and t eache r s ( n.e . c . H •. . ,
259
70
189
216
64
259
70
189
216
64
21
Othe r pr ofe ssional wo r ke r s , .. , •• , ••.•... , . , ••• • , .••.• • ••••
28
17
11
24
17
22
23
24
25
Othe r semipr ofessiona l wor ke r s •••• _•• , ••.•••••. • •• , ••••••••
Abstr D. cte r s , notar ies , and justices of pee.ce• ••.• _ ••••••
Te chnicians and labor atory a ss istants ••••••••••..•••••••
Semi pr ofe ssional worke r s (n . e .c.) ...................... .
129
2
16
111
118
11
1 20
llO
2
12
96
26
27
28
PROPRIETORS, MANAGERS , AND OFFICIALS (EXCEPT AGRIC . ) • ••• ~ -l.a.·1..:l;.:;:
3.::.1-4-_
Bui lding cont r actor s ........................ . .... . ..... ,..
1 91
For este r s , fo r est r ange r s , and timbe r cruise r s ••• • • , •• ,...
5
Huc kste r s , pedd l ers , and junk and r ag de a le r s •• ,.,.,.. . ...
1 84
Trucki n g , t r ans f e r and cab c ompanies , and gar ages...... . ..
21
Retail deale r s and manage r s ( n, e. c . ) ................. . . .. .
32 9
Othe r pr oprie to r s , ma nage rs , and of fic ia ls •. , •• • . ,.. .. ....
401
~9
33
20, 487
11, 417
9, 0 70
Ac:~::::~~~:•~~• ~ ~~~:~~ •~~~~ ~~ ::::::: : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : t--.::.l..,2"'!"'! - + - - -7~~"'! -+----'4:..::::..:.
~-+--=
l ...:0::..:::..::
~-+--...:6~~:::::-+--....:::3~c.::!-+---la!:.:6::!:2:......+----'9::.:!!'---4---7.!.;:1,..._
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
30
31
32
38, 547
MALE
6
3
1
2
2
14
102
14
3
38
13
58
7
84
98
12
1 25
8
5
3
OFFICE WORJIBRS ••••••••••••. . .•.•. • . ••··•••••••··••••••••r--""
3 ":6:.,:
5~3 -+-....!a:..
2 .L!;'0:.,:5c'-l+---=-La.;,'6~0:,,.
2+ _
Bookkeepe r s , account ants , and audito r s .... .. ...... . ... .. . .
444
251
19 3
l
40
2
9
6
2
52
109
32
12
2
4
8
12
1
1
1 52
40
35
152
40
35
24
2
9
1 04
__._
l ._,
-0:.:::6..:...
7 -4-_ _.....:;:6:.;::.
4 _,.__
191
5
182
21
312
17
356
45
1
1
41
l
10
i
8
__:.
1 .a.:0::.::5"'6_,.__-=1.a.:0::.::0::::3-4-_ _......::5::::3-4-_ _......::6::::6--i._ _......::5::::6~----=l~O:.,_
1 74
1 74
15
15
5
5
164
162
19
19
19
19
2
2
317
301
16
6
7
23
377
342
35
14
_..:::.3.i..:,5~2;,;_
9-4-_--=.l.a.:9~8~4-4-_--=.L.a.;5~4~5-+----'l~O~l-+--__:4~9---'_ _____,:5~2~
4 36
246
190
6
3
3
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
;~:~!:rcn::: ~:r. ~~. ~~~ : ::: : :::::::::::::::::::::::::: : :
Messenge r s and offi ce boys ................................
Office no.achine ope r ator s ,.......... . .................. . ...
Off ice managers and b ank telle r s ................ . .. . .. . ...
Stenographer s , stenotypists , and dictaphone o pe r ator s .....
Tele gr aph and r adio ope r ator s .. .. .. ... .. . .................
Te le ph one o pe rator s ••••••••••• ,.................... . ......
Typi s t s ............... . ............ . ......................
Ot he r cle rical and allied wor kers ••••• ,., ••••.•• ,., . ••••• ,
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
SALESMEN AND KI NDRED WORJIBRS .. ., ........ . ............... f---"3 "-'9'"'0"'4 -4-_--!:.
2.a.:
- 6~9;;,.
4_,.__---=1.~2"'"1~
0-4-_--!::3.._7!.::8c:::
9--+_......!,2:.i,;6"-=1~6--'-_--=l-'-l=-7c!:3:........1,_ ___:8:c!,8~ - - _ _ :6" -=l=--l----'2=-'7c.__
Canvasse r s ( solicitor s , any) ..............................
102
65
37
99
65
34
2
Comme r cia l t r ave l e r s ......................................
30
29
1
30
29
l
Newsboys ...................................... . ...........
58
57
1
56
55
1
2
2
Re al estate a gent s and insure.nee agents ..... . ... . . . .......
257
246
11
246
237
9
8
10
2
Salesmen and saleswomen (reta il s t or es) ...................
2, 528
1 , 452
1 , 0 76
2, 442
1 , 396
1 , 046
63
42
21
9
Othe r sa l es pe r son s and k indred worke r s ...................
929
845
84
916
834
82
11
2
62
53
54
55
56
57
58
69
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
SKILLED WORKERS Al'ID FOREMEN IN BLDG. AND CONSTRUCTION •• • 1--_.,.l..::.
31.e8::,:8..::.
6 -4-_-=l-"-3"-'8""8"'-6_,.__ _ _ _+-__,1~3.._,l..,4e..e4-1----'l'-"3.._le..:4"'4-+_ _ _..:;_-+---6~ 8""6:........l,_ __.:::;
68::,::6~ _ _ _...;:..._
Blacksmiths......................... . ... . .................
444
444
426
4 26
15
15
Boi lermakers .............. ., ................... .,.........
295
295
289
289
5
5
Br ickl aye r s and st onemas ons . . .............................
753
753
693
693
58
58
Car pente rs,..,.............................. . .............
3, 571
3, 571
3, 4 70
3, 4 70
90
90
Cement f ini s he r s ..........................................
682
682
491
491
1 89
1 89
El ectr ic ians ..............................................
646
646
629
629
11
11
For emen: c onstruct i on (except road) ......... . .............
1 21
1 21
1 20
1 20
1
l
For emen: roa d and str e et cons truction.....................
1 38
138
132
1 32
6
6
Operato r s or enginee rs: s t at'y and port. c onstr. e quip 't..
1, 100
1 , 100
1 , 045
1 , 045
50
50
Pa i nt e r s (not in facto ry) .................................
3, 429
3, 429
3,306
3, 306
1 08
108
Pa pe r h angers.............................................
280
280
255
255
23
23
Plastere r s ................................................
448
448
378
378
66
66
Plumbe r s , ga s and s team fit te rs ................ ,..........
842
842
811
811
28
28
Roofe r s ...................................................
195
195
1 81
1 81
14
14
Sheet meta l wor kers...... . ................................
101
101
1 01
1 01
2
2
Stone c utters and c a r ve rs..................................
212
212
209
209
1
1
Structur a l i ron and s t ee l wor kers..... . ...................
271
271
270
270
6
6
Set te rs: marb le, stone , and t ile....... .. ........... .. ....
78
78
72
72
13
13
Othe r s kil l e d workers in bu ild ing and c onstru ction.. .. ....
280
280
266
266
72
73
74
76
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
64
85
86
87
SKILLED WORKERS AND FOREMEN IN 11FG. & OT"i!ER INDUSTRIES.· 1----=9 ...,1"'5-"3 -+---=9 "-'0:..:4..::.
3- + - - - 'l"'l..::.
0 -+----"
8.L:5::..::2:.::.1_,.__
Cab i netmakers.............................................
429
429
426
Cobb lers and shoe r e pairme n............................. . .
1 53
1 51
1 37
Conductors: ste am and s treet railroads , a nd bu ses .........
68
68
66
Foremen (in fact orie s)....................................
325
294
31
319
Foremen and inspector s ( e x cept in factor-i es )..............
4 33
406
27
421
Loc omotive enginee r s and fi r emen..........................
46 9
469
456
Machin ists, millwr ights , and toolmakers ...................
1 ,798
1 , 798
1, 766
Mechanics (n.e.c.)........................................
2, 446
2 , 446
2, 261
Mo l de r s , founde rs, and c a ste rs (metal ) . . ..................
1 , 054
1 , 054
831
Sawyers .... . ........................... ,.......... . .......
4 74
474
466
Sk ille d workers i n printing and e ngravinf!:.................
239
223
16
235
Tai l ors and furri e rs......................................
50
40
10
32
Tinsmi ths and coppersmiths................................
294
294
386
Metal work ers (e xcept gold and silv er) (n.e . c. )...........
347
347
272
Skilled workers in mf'g. and other industries (n.e.c.).....
574
550
24
547
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
SE!1ISKILLED WORKERS IN BUI LDING AND CONSTRUCTION ........ t--""
8 •._,5:,::.9"'
8-4-_ _.::.
8 .._,5:,::.
9"'8 -+-----=--¼--..!.
7.a.:6~9~3-4-_......:..
71.:.6~9~3-4-_ _ _.=_+---8~6:.,::3➔___,:::
86:-,::3- + - - - - = Appre ntices in building and con s truction •••••••••••••• ,...
20
20
19
19
1
1
As phalt workers ...... • ................................. •••
51
51
4
4
47
47
Blasters (except in mines)................................
26
26
26
26
Caisson workers ••••• ••• •• •• •••••••.••••••••••••• • •••••••••
4
4
7
7
11
ll
Calkers .................................................. .
144
144
893
893
1 , 040
1 , 040
Firemen ( exce pt looomoti ve and fire department) .......... .
1 Inclu de s
wor ke rs 1 6 t hrough 64 y ears of age,
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
2 Ineludes
1 , 8;!
100
29
25
448
106
232
1 95
1 44
1 , 3;!
98
10
24
20
96
2):
21
140
4~i
2
19
1
428
10
211
174
4
1 , 7~~
96
29
25
425
1 06
232
192
137
1 , 3;;
94
10
24
20
96
21
21
1 33
4;~
2
19
1
405
10
21 1
1 71
4
6i
3
20
38
3
2!
20
__::;
8.._4::.::l:..:.
9-1-----'l:..:0~2-4-_ _....::.,:
58::..::8--+--....::..:
58::..::2:........1,_ _ _...:::__
426
15
15
135
1
1
66
6
31
6
288
27
11
11
394
9
9
456
21
21
1 , 766
174
174
2, 261
220
220
831
6
6
466
15
3
3
220
18
15
7
25
6
6
286
73
73
272
25
22
20
52 7
whit~, Negro, other, and unknown color or race.
3Not elsewhere classified.
57
OCCUPATION
TABLE I-WORKERS ON RELIEF, BY USUAL OCCUPATION, COLOR, AND · SEX, FOR THE STATE: MARCH 1935-Continued
TOTAL
WHITE
NEGRO
USUAL OCCUPATION
TOTAL
FlliALE
MALE
TOTAL
FEW.LE
MALE
FfflALE
MALE
TOIAL
95
96
97
98
99
100
SEMISKILLED WORKERS IN BLDG. AND CONSTRUCTION - Cont.
Opera.tors of building e.nd construction equipme nt ••• ••••• •
Pipe le.yer s •••••••••••• •• • • •••••••••••• ••• ••••• •• • • •••••••
Rodmen e.nd che.inmen (surveying) ••••••••••••••• • • •• ••••• • •
Tru ck e.nd t racto r d rive r s •••••••••••• •• ••••••• ••..•• .••• ,
Wel de r s , • •• •• •• •• • • •••••••• • ••••••••••••• • •• •• • • •••• • ••••
Othe r semiskilled workers in building e.nd construction •••
101
l 02
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
SE!1T SKI LLED WORKERS IN MFG. AND OTHER INDUSTRIES .• .• ••• f-----'2=5""'3=6=3-+---'l:.::9.L"-'
60:....:7-+----'5'"'-'-'
75=6:....+--'2=3'-'-"24" "7-+-~l...,8'-'-'"-l7"-'6:....+_---'5c...:a.
0 .=....+---'l'"'-"71
98::..:0:......+----'l"-'-"3"'
3 2'-+----"
6'"'
48"'-Bake r s .••••••••• •• •• • ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••
41 0
378
32
399
3 71
28
10
7
Brakemen (railroad) •• • ••••••••• • ••••• ,... .. .. . . . .. .......
3 79
379
3 74
3 74
4
4
Deliverymen.•• .. •••••••••••••• •• ••• ... •••••••••• ••••• ••••
30 6
306
270
2 70
34
34
Dr esemakers e.nd milliners.................... . ........ ...
745
11
734
628
7
621
112
3
1 09
Filers, gr inde rs, buffers, e.nd polishe rs (me tal). ........
702
68 8
14
649
640
9
51
47
4
Furne.cemen, heater s , smeltermen, etc. (metal working) ....
235
235
1 64
1 64
69
69
Guards , watchmen, e.nd door keepers (except ra il ro ad) . . ... .
233
233
21 5
21 5
17
17
li8.l'.ldicre.f t wor ke r s : t e xtile, wood, leather, metal, etc . . .
22
15
22
15
Ins icle workers: mines ........... . ........................
4 , 264
4 , 264
4 , 104
4 , 104
143
i 43
111
112
113
114
Operatives (n.e.c . ) i n mfg. e.nd all ied indust r ies • •••••••
Chemical e.nd allied industries •••• , ••••••••••••••••••••
Ci gar, cigarette , and tob a cco factories ••• • ••••••••••••
Cl ay , glass , and s t one indust r ies •• , •••••• • •• •• • •• •••••
14 , 730
1 74
513
1 , 1 43
9 , 831
141
39
1 , 051
4 , 899
33
4 74
115
116
117
118
Clothing indust r ies • •••••••••••••••••••••.••••••••• , • • •
Shirt, collar and cuff factories •••••• , •••• •••••• •• ••
Suit, coat , and dres s factories •••••••• , •••••••••••••
Cl othing indu s tries ( n . e . c . ) •••••••••••••• • ••••••••••
1 , 762
31 9
85
1 , 358
140
23
9
108
294
71
19
5 , 980
424
662
294
71
19
5, 980
424
662
278
51
19
5 , 391
41 9
586
278
51
19
5 , 391
41 9
586
14
20
14
20
558
5
70
558
5
70
92
1 3 , 4 75
139
391
1 , 048
9, 1 36
110
33
961
4 , 339
29
358
87
1 , 166
33
121
91
1 , 622
296
76
1 , 250
1 , 61 6
313
77
1 , 226
l 31
23
7
101
1, 485
290
70
1 , 125
1 29
7
119
6
6
1 58
19
1 07
12
51
7
242
19
5
83
25
110
232
18
10
119
El ectric l ight e.nd power plants •••••••••••••• • •••••• , ••
12
11
11
10
120
121
122
1 23
Food 8lld beverage industrie s .•••••••••• ••• • • • • •••••••••
Bake rie s ....................•.•...••... • . . .• • .•.•..••
Slaughte r and me at packing hou ses •••••••.•••••••• ••••
Food 8lld be verage industrie s (n.e.c, ) ••••••• •• •• • ••••
1 , 408
1 06
582
720
795
74
391
330
61 3
32
1 91
390
1 , 21 5
1 00
41 9
696
665
68
28 2
315
550
32
1 37
381
124
125
126
127
128
129
Iron and s teel, machinery , e.nd vehicle industries • • ••. •
Automobile factor ies ••••••••••••••••• •• • ••• ••• ••• , • ••
Automobile repair shops •••••••••••• ••••••••••••••••••
Bl a st fu rnace s e.nd steel r olling mills ••• , •.•• • , •• , ••
Car and railroad shops •••••••••••••••••• , ••••••••••••
I ron and steel , machinery , cl: vehi cle ind 's (n. e .c.) ••
4 , 3 31
1 , 542
52
51 5
804
1 , 41 8
4 , 061
1 , 410
51
481
802
1 , 317
270
132
3 , 801
1 , 381
46
399
771
1 , 204
257
1 30
34
2
101
4 , 058
1 , 511
47
429
773
1 , 298
130
131
132
133
134
Laund ries and dry cle aning e stablishments •• • •••••••••••
Lumber e.nd f'urniture industrie s •• • •••••••••••••••••••••
Metal i ndu st r ies (ex ce pt iron e.nd stee l ') •• •• •••••••••• •
Pe.per, printing, and allied indus tries ••• •• ••••••••••••
Shoe fact or ies •••••• , •••••• • ••• •• • •• •••••.•••••••••••••
894
1 , 660
325
384
91
260
1 , 513
25 7
259
61
634
147
68
1 25
30
634
1 , 631
314
3 73
84
1 88
1 , 486
248
252
54
446
145
66
121
30
135
136
137
138
Texti le industr ies ... . .................... ..... ......... .
Cotton mills ••••••••••••••••• •••• •••••••• • •••••••••••
Woo le n e.nd wors ted mills •• •••••••••••••••••• • ••••••••
Te xtile industr ies (n. e . c . ) ••• ••• •••. •••• • , ••••••••••
393
67
55
2 71
1 50
21
41
88
243
46
14
1 83
386
54
266
147
21
40
86
239
45
14
1 80
1
66
1
30
2
94
637
30
529
6
115
5
86
124
3
1 83
257
26
9
10
6
3
3
5
116
125
58
1
5
80
25
104
71
24
7
6
6
186
2
2
4
4
1
139
Misc . and not spe c ified manufactu r i ng indust r ie s • • . ••• ,
1 , 640
1 , 093
54 7
1 , 575
1 , 050
525
52
36
140
141
142
143
Pe.inte r s , varnishe rs, enameler s, e tc . (facto ry ) ••.•••• •••
Switchmen, flagmen , e.nd y ardmen (railroad) •••••••• • ••••••
Taxicab drive r s , bu s drivers, e.nd chauffeurs ••• • •• •••••••
Othe r s e miskille d worke r s in mf g . and other indust rie s • • •
759
322
523
1 , 733
732
322
52 2
1 , 691
27
740
309
334
1 , 564
713
309
333
1, 525
27
15
10
1 85
1 64
15
10
1 85
1 61
144
145
146
147
148
149
UNSKILLED LABORERS (EXCEPT IN AGRI CULTURE) •• • ..•..••••• f----'2=5~. 80=2-+-_-'2=4~,_~
84=3---t---~
95__9---t-_ _2~0~ 88__5---t---2~0-· •~
0 0__6--+--- ~
8 ~79--+--~4~ 6~
6 6'-+_ _4~ 5~9 5'-+----"71=-Le.bore r s i n manufactur ing and all ied indust rie s ..... . ....
1 0 , 291
9 , 438
853
8 , 098
7, 308
790
2, 048
1 , 992
56
Clay, glass, e.nd s t one industries .......... .. ... . ......
1 , 794
1 , 700
94
1, 599
1 , 51 8
81
183
170
13
I r on and steel, machine ry, and vehic le industries . . . . ..
4 , 217
4 ,143
74
2 , 788
2, 720
68
1 , 322
1 , 320
2
Lumber and f urniture indus t rie s •••••••••••. ••• •••• ,,...
1 , 053
991
62
968
909
59
80
78
2
Other manufactu r ing and all i ed indust r ies . . ............
3 , 227
2 , 604
623
2 , 743
2, 161
582
4 63
424
39
150
1 51
1 52
1 53
1 54
155
1 56
157
1 58
Laborers except in mfg . and allied industries .••••• • • • •••
Mines, quarries , e.nd oil e.nd gas we lls ••••••••••••.••••
Odd jobs (general) ••••••••••.••••••••.•••••• ••••• ••••••
Railroa ds ( steam e.nd street) •••••••••••••••••••••••••••
Roads , streets , and sewe rs ••·•·•••••••••• ••••••••·· ••••
St o r es (incl uding po rte r s in sto res) •••••••••••••••••• •
Laborers e.nd helpers (n. e . o, ) in bldg. e.nd const •••••• •
Long shor emen e.nd ste vedores ••.•••. • ••••••••••••••••••••
Lumbermen , r aftsmen , and woo<lchoppe r s •••• • .• •••• ..•••••
1 59
St reet cle ane r s, garbage men , and. s cavenge r s ... •....• ••
160
161
Te amsters and d raymen ••••••••• •• ••• • •••••• • • •• •• • •••• • •
Other laborer s , except mfg. and all i ed ind ' s (n . e . c . ) ••
l n, 511
1 , 200
3 , 306
2, 209
2 , 630
778
2, 805
17
302
57
52 7
1 , 680
1 5 , 405
1 , 200
3 , 259
2, 209
2, 630
758
2 , 805
17
302
57
52 7
1 , 641
1
42
106
47
20
39
1 2 , 78 7
1 ,171
3 , 081
1 , 901
2 ,1 20
498
1 , 93 6
14
283
44
445
1 , 294
1 2 , 698
1 ,171
3, 036
1 , 901
2,1 20
484
1 , 936
14
283
44
445
1 , 264
1
39
89
45
14
30
2, 618
27
1 94
282
500
2 76
859
3
16
13
75
373
2 , 603
27
1 94
282
500
270
859
3
16
13
75
364
16
15
16 2
163
164
165
166
16 7
168
169
1 70
171
1 72
173
174
175
DOMESTl C AND PERSONAL SERVI CE WORKERS ••••••• • ••.•••••• '1------'1=5~. 5=2=9-t----=3~ 59'-"4---t---'l=l""-'-'
93=5-+-----'8J...
8 6=8-+-----'l""-'-92~7-+-~6~,•~94=1- -+---6"""'5 -'-70'--+---'lc.<..;;.
6.;;..48'--+_ _4;;.,
, •...;;.
9...;;.
22.;._
Barber e.nd beauty s hop worke r s ................. . . . .......
546
405
141
452
344
1 08
90
57
33
Bootblacks •••••••••••••••••• • ••••••• , •••••••• • • •••• •••• , ,
80
80
15
15
65
65
273
Cleane r s e.nd charwomen . . .................................
724
70
654
418
41
377
300
27
225
Cooks and chefs (except in pr ivate f amily) • ••• • •••.•• ••• ,
1 , 340
566
774
96 2
41 8
544
3 71
146
32
Elevat or ope r ators ..... ......... . ........... .. ...........
117
76
41
64
55
9
53
21
48
J anitors, caretake rs, and sext ons . .......... .... . .. ... ...
1 ,104
981
1 23
4 75
402
73
623
5 75
482
Lau nd r esse s ( not in l a und ry) .... .. .. . ....... . . .. .........
8 09
12
797
320
7
313
487
5
Porte r s (except in stor es) •• ,.............. . .. .. ..... . ...
442
438
4
27
26
1
4 14
411
3
Practice.) nu r ses , hospi tal atte ndants , e.nd or de r lies .....
500
60
440
460
54
406
37
6
31
4 74
98 -.,
1 91
794
438
119
319
544
70
Se r vants (hote l s, boarding houses , et c . ) ( n . e . c . ) .... ....
2, 9 70
Servant e (private fam ily ) ••••••••••••••••••••• ·••·•···•••
5 , 926
111
5 , 81 5
2 , 854
51
2, 803
3 , 028
58
87
Waiter s . waitr esses , e.nd bartende r s ......................
1 , 329
359
9 70
1 ,140
264
8 76
1 80
93
264
Other domestic e.nd persona'J. se r v i ce workers ...... . . . .....
1 , 627
245
1 , 382
1, 243
1 31
1 , 112
378
114
176
177
178
179
FARM OPERATORS AND IABORERS •••••••••••••••••••••.•.•• ••1--__;l:;.;4:L..:;.;.
66:;.;0-+---=l:;.;4_..,..;;..
57'-"'5-+-_ _ _8;;.;:5-+---'l::.;4;.&.;;;.
25= 1--+---l::.;4CL=:.l...:79'--+_ _ _...:72--+------=3,;;;.;
21==--+-----=-3,;;;.;ll==--+---"'-10_
Fe.rm foremen, manage r s , e.nd overseers . . • • • . . • • . • • • . • • • • • •
44
43
1
44
43
1
230
10
240
Farm le.bore rs ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• ••••• ••••• ,
11 , 333
11, 264
69
11 , 023
10 , 96 7
56
81
81
Farmers•• ••••••••••·••·· ••••·•• •··••••·••... ............ .
3 , 283
3 , 268
15
3 ,184
3 , 169
15
180
181
182
I NEXPERIENCED PERSONS ••••••••••• ••••••••••••••••••• • , • • 1---3-'7~ 4_ 5_0-+-_-'1__2"'-=-18__8-+---2~5_,•...;;.
26_ 2---t-_ _3~2_,_
8 6_0--+-_ _l- 0'_,,_
9 7_0---t-_ _
21_,_
89
_ 0---t-_ _4_ 3_4 0_.,._ _1_ 1_29_.,._ _3_,,~
2_l l_
Persons 16- 24 yea.rs of age ( inclusi ve) ••••••••• •· •••• ••••
21, 380
10 , 49 7
10 , 883
19, 030
9 , 465
9 , 565
2 , 216
955
1 , 261
Pe r sona 25 years of e.ge e.nd over ••••••••••• ••••••••••• • • ,
16 , 0 70
1, 691
14, 3 79
13 , 830
1,505
1 2 , 325
2,1 24
174
1 , 950
183
UNKNOWN OCCUPATION••••••••••••••••• ••••• • • • • ••••••••• ,
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
941
452
489
870
432
438
56
14
42
WORKERS ON RELIEF-IOWA
58
TABLE I-WORKERS' ON RELIEF, BY USUAL OCCUPATION, COLOR, AND SEX, FOR THE STATE: MARCH 1935
TOTAL2
WfilTE
NEGRO
USUAL OCCUP.Al'ION
TOTAL .••••••••••••••• ••• • • •••
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
FfflALE
TOTAL
MALE
80 , 47 9
65 , 473
1 5 , 006
TOTAL
TOTAL
MALE
77 , 338
63 ,1 31
1 4, 207
2 , 00 2
MALE
1 , 393
FEMALE
60 9
904
409
3.....
9 - + - - - - '4=3....
6 - + - - - - '5....0_3 _ _ _...c..c...c._+---="'---+---4
- 9'....5--+-----'2~8--t_ _ _2~4-------1---~PROFESSIONAL AND TECHNICAL WORKERS ••• ••• •••••••••••••••• t------'9....
l7
Actors ••........•••.•..••.•...•.•........•.... .. ..........
11
6
6
2
2
15
9
Architects •• • • ••• •••• •••••••••• • • • • ••• • ••••• •• ••••••••••••
1
1
1
1
Artists , sculptors, and teachers of art ••• ••••••• •••••••••
6
5
6
Chemists , assayer s , and metallurgists ••••••• •• •••••••••.••
5
5
5
Cl e r gymen and r e ligious workers ••••.•••••• ••••••• ••••••• ••
43
42
51
50
Designe r s ..... .... ............. . ........................ .. .
2
1
2
1
Draftsmen •••••••••••• . • •••••••••••••• •••• •• •• ••••• •••••• ••
21
21
21
21
Enginee r s (te chnical ) •••••• . .•.•.••••••••••••••• •• ••••• •••
34
34
33
33
Lawyers, judges, and justices •• ••• ••• •••••• ••••• ••••••••••
4
4
6
6
Librarians and librarians ' '\ssista.nts •••••••••••••• • ••••••
8
9
1
9
1
Musi c ians and teachers of music • • ••••••••. • ••••• • •••.•• • ••
35
33
83
127
92
116
Nu r ses (trained or regi ste red) • •• •.•••••••••••••••••..••••
2
75
79
2
77
77
Physicians , sur geons, and dentists •••••• , •••••••••••••••••
5
5
5
Playground and r ec reational worke r s • •••• •••• ••••.•••••••••
11
9
10
Re po rters, editors, and journalists . • - .••••••••••• •• ••••.•
10
16
16
10
352
Teachers •••• • •••.•••• ••• ••••••••••••••••.•••••••••••••••••
College instructors and professc,rs ••• • ••••• .• • ••••••••••
Primary and s eoondary school , and teachers (n. e . c. H . .. .
43 4
2
432
82
2
80
21
Other profe ssional workers ••••• ••• •••• . .••••••••••••• •• •••
18
15
22
23
24
25
Other semiprofessio n a l worker s ••••••• •• •• •••• •••••••••••••
Ab stracte r s , notar ies , antj. .iusti c es of pe a ce.••• • ...• •.•
Te chnicians and laboratory assistants ••••••••••.•• • •••••
Semiprofessional workers (n . e . o.) • •• • •• •••• • • .• ••••••• ••
97
3
10
84
86
1
11
9
1
76
8
26
27
28
47
630
583
PROPRIETORS , MANAGERS, AND OFFICIALS (EXCEPT AGRIC. ) •••• t------"6-"'
49::..._l------"5-"99
: :.._+----"5"'0 -+---="'--+----''-"-"--+------'"--+-------':'--+----':
7- t_ _ _..;_
60
60
Building contractors. ............... . .....................
66
66
4
2
2
Foresters, forest rangers, and timber cruisers ............
2
2
52
2
54
Huckste r s , peddlers, and junk and r ag deale r s ....... . .....
56
54
1
17
16
Trucking, transfer and cab companies, and garages .........
17
16
Retail dealers and managers (n. e. c . ). .............. .. . ... .
222
20 4
202
17
18
21 9
Other proprie to r s , mana gers, and of fi cial s ......... .. .. . • •
286
257
27
29
278
251
18
29
30
31
32
Bo~:!~~~~~~::~~~t~t~: • ~d· ~:,ct;_ t~~~ :: : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : :
35 2
2
430
2
428
82
2
80
18
15
93
3
10
80
82
1
9
72
348
20
19
348
11
2
1
8
i---~:-::-i---=~~
2
1
920
14
2 1 88
1 268
8
9
....
: .....
~-'! -+----'"'-"-"-'--+--.;;.,..;.a..c..-+----------+------+-----+----93
290
8 -+-----'-"
197
28
19
9
78~
2!:
262
768
1 , 030
50
1
49
1
50
4
1
4
1
5
11
11
11
22
290
295
311
21
62
3
62
65
6
135
136
141
30
2£•
11 4
118
1 43
114
2
2
114
112
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
Messenge rs and office boys..... ................ . .. . . . .. ...
Off ice machine ope r ators, ..... .... .. .......................
Office managers and ba.nlc telle r s ..........................
Stenogra phe r s , st enoty pist s , and d icta phone o pe r a to r s .. ...
Telegraph and rad i o o pe r ators. ...................... . .. . ..
Te lephone operators. . . ...... .... . .... ........ ...... .. .....
Typists ••••••••• , ••••••• •• •••••• • ,........................
Other clerical and allied workers.. . ... .... ......... .. ... .
46
46
47
48
49
50
51
66 2
2 61 5
1 953
SALESMEN AND KI NDRED WORKERS •••••••••••••••••••••••••••• f------'2= 6.:e.
58"--f---l""'-"9c.:..7"-9-+----"6'-'-7"'-9-!--__:::.'-""'.:e._+---"-'-''-"-"'-+----=:=---+-----"--+----=--+------'
4~
Canvasse r s ( s olicitor s , any ) ................... .. .........
101
78
23
1
22
77
99
Connnercial t r avelers ................ . ......... . ...........
63
60
3
1
2
59
61
Ne ws boys •••••••• •• •• • •••••••.•• ,..........................
30
29
1
29
28
1
146
143
3
Re al e s tate agents and in sure.nee agents ..... . .............
141
1 44
Sale smen and s aleswomen (re tail store s ) •••••• ···•••···••••
1 , 636
1 , 030
606
594
1 , 609
1, 0 1 5
Othe r sales persons and kindre d workers . .. .. ..... . ... . ....
682
639
43
673
40
633
62
53
54
55
56
57
58
69
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
7 384
56
7 384
SKILLED WORKERS AND FOREMEN IN BLDG. AND CONSTRUCTION ••• l--_7
.:..,..;:5-=0l=--1---7.:..,..;:5-=-0=-1--1--_ _ _ _ _ _-'-'-'="---+-----'-'-=c.::.._+------+------'c.::.._+---....;
5:.::5- - t - - - 328
328
Blacksmiths •••••• •••••••• , • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •
330
330
162
1 62
1
Boilermakers ••••••. ,......................................
164
164
Bricklayers and stonemasons • . ••••••.•••••••••••••••••••• ,.
37 1
371
2
365
365
Carpente rs........ . .................... . . . .. . .............
2 , 051
2, 051
2 , 029
2 , 029
6
Ce ment finishers •••••• , • ••• ,... ... .. ............ . .... .. ...
356
35 6
342
3 42
11
11
Elect ricians •••••••••••••• ,.,.............................
235
235
1
1
230
230
Foremen: construction (except road) .......................
50
50
1
49
1
49
For emen: road and st r eet construction .....................
149
149
149
149
Operato r s or er.rinee r s: stat'y and port. constr. equip ' t..
660
660
4
651
651
13
13
1 , 983
Painters (not i n factory ) ......... . . . . ....................
2 , 01 5
2 , 0 15
1 , 983
Pape r hanger s .. • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • . • • • • •
66
66
1
1
64
64
Plas tere r s ••••••••••.••••••• ,.............................
244
244
11
232
232
11
Plumbers, gas and s team fitters .. . ...... ... .. .. .. . • • • • • • • •
299
299
1
297
297
Roof ers ........................................... ...... ..
110
110
1
109
109
Sheet meta l workers. ......................................
46
46
45
45
Stone c utte r s and c a r ve r s ..................................
34
34
33
33
Structu r a l iron and s tee 1 workers .........................
112
112
111
111
Setters : mar ble, s tone , and tile .. .... .. . .................
29
29
28
28
Othe r skilled wo r ke r s in bu ild ing and const ruction ........
180
180
177
177
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
63
84
85
86
87
3 738
3 65 8
SKILLED WORKERS AND FOREMEN IN MFG. & OTHER I!IDUSTRIES •• ~ _3
;;...::8-=22= --~-""
3 '--'7-"
4=-2- + - ----=8-=0 -+---=-'--'-"-"--+--..::.,.:=-+------'
8'-"
0- + - - - - - '4:..:2- - + - - -4"-=2'-+_ _ __
Cabinetmakers ................ . ......... . ..................
98
98
95
95
Cobblers and s hoe r epairmen ••••••••• , • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •
82
81
78
77
Conduct ors: steam and street rai l roads , and bu s e s ... ... . ..
33
33
32
32
Foremen ( in fact or ies)......... ..... .. ......... ..... ......
85
79
1
6
84
6
78
Foremen and inspectors ( e xcept in factori e s) .... . .........
319
261
256
58
314
58
1
360
360
3
Locomotive engineers and fi r emen ... ......... ..... . ... . ....
3
355
355
Machinists, millwrights, and toolmakers... ... ... ...... ... .
481
481
4
4
472
472
13
13
Mechanic s (n . e.c. ) •••••••••• ••• ••••••.• • • ••••• ••• •·•••• • • •
1, 502
1, 502
1 , 472
1 , 472
Molders, founders , and cast e r s (metal)....................
23 7
237
223
223
9
Sawye rs ••••.••••••• ••••• ••••• , ••••••••• ,...... . ...........
90
90
90
90
Sk illed workers in printing and engraving .. .. . ..... .... . ..
169
162
16A
161
Tailor s and furriers. ..... .. .. .. ...... ........ . ..... .... ..
42
37
40
35
Tinsmiths and coppersmiths. • • • • • • • • . • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •
88
88
87
87
Metal workers (except gold and silver) (n .e.c. ) .... ..... ..
27
27
24
24
Skilled workers in mfg. and other indust ries (n . e. c . ) .....
209
206
201
204
~~=~t:r(n~:~~:r..~~. ~~~'. :::: :::::: :: :: ::::: :: :::: :::: :::
:: Ap!!:!~!=~~/~:~:~n~ a!~I~!:~ru~i~~~~:~~~::~~ :
90
91
92
93
94
1 , 0!:
51
5
11
317
65
142
1 48
116
5,688
5 688
: : : : : : : t--5 '-"8"'~-=! -t----=5 L..:8:.::~-=~- + - - - - + - -..::..,..;::.:..::-+----=.L..:..:""--+-----t----'6"-'6'-+_ _ _:6::..:6' - t - - - - 12
12
8
8
2
2
56
56
55
55
2
2
1
g
9
466
15
15
466
444
444
As phalt workers .•.. .• •.• ••••••••.. •• .•.• .• . • •••.•••.•• ••••
Blasters (e xcept in mines) •••••••••••••••••• .• ••• •.. ......
Cai sson workers •...••• • •• •• •• ,............................
Calk:ers ••••••••• , •••••••••••.•••••·••••••••••••••••••••••••
Firemen (exce pt locomotive and fire depar tment)...... .....
1 Includes
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
worke rs 1 6 through 64 years of age,
'Includes white, Negro, other, and unknown color or race.
'Not elsewhere c lassified.
59
OCCUPATION
TABLE I-WORKERS ON RELlEF, BY USUAL OCCUPATION, COLOR, AND SEX, FOR THE STATE: MARCH 1935-Continued
TOTAL
WHITE
NEGRO
USTIAL OCCUPATION
TOTAL
FEMALE
MALE
TOTAL
MALE
FfflALE
MALE
TOTAL
FfflALE
95
96
97
98
99
100
SEMISKILLED WORKERS IN BLDG. AND CONSTRUCTION - Cont.
Opera.tor s of building and construction equipment .•.••••••
Pipela.yers •••••••• • •••• ••••••• , ••••• , ., •• , •••••••••••••••
Rodman and cha.inmen (surveying) ......... . .......... ... .. ,
Truck and tractor d rivers ••• , ••••.•••••••••••• • •..••.••••
Welders •••••••••••••••••••••••••• , •• • ••••••••••••••••••••
Other semiski lled workers in building and construction •••
101
102
103
104
106
106
107
108
109
110
SEl'!ISKILLED WORKERS IN MFG. AND OTHER INDUSTRIES .•.••• • 1---=
8 .._,5=8"-5 -+---"6 ....,9c.:4=3-1-----=-l.a6a.a4=2- 1 - - 8...,2=4=4-1----"6 -'-'6=5=
5-+---'1""'5""8"'-9--+----'2=2,...,_7--+----'2"'0'-"0--+_ ____,2"-'7Bake r s •••••••• ,., ............... ,...... . ......... ....... .
226
21 6
10
221
211
10
1
1
Brakemen (railroad)......................................
222
222
220
220
Deliverymen, .... , ...... ,.................................
214
214
210
210
1
Dresmnakers and milliners,,, ••••••• ,.....................
521
13
508
499
12
487
14
13
Filers, grinders, buffe rs, and polishers (metal) •• ,......
79
77
2
77
76
2
1
1
Furnacemen, heaters, smeltarmen, etc. (metal workl.ng), ...
19
19
18
18
1
Guards, watchmen, and doorkeepers ( except railroad) ... .. .
83
83
Bl
81
Handicraft workers: textile, wood, leather, metal, etc ...
16
10
16
10
Inside workers, mines....................................
1 , 631
1,631
1 , 502
l , !>02
116
116
111 · Operatives (n.e.c.) in mfg. and allied industries • •••••••
112
Chemical and allied industries, •••• , ••••••••••••••••.••
113
Cigar, cigarette, and tobacc o factories •• ,,., • • • , •••• ,.
114
Clay, glass, and stone industries ••••• ,,.,. , ••••••• ,.,,
115
116
168
72
30
4 , 4-17
131
133
168
72
30
4 , 417
131
433
165
71
29
4 , 355
129
41 6
165
71
29
4 , 355
1 29
416
29
1
12
4 ,014
44
52
154
2 , 938
29
31
153
1 , 076
15
21
1
3 , 900
44
49
151
2, 854
29
29
1 50
1, 046
15
20
1
182
13
14
155
30
180
13
14
153
29
26
152
13
10
1 29
4
25
151
13
10
128
500
20
299
181
1 , 249
58
771
420
763
38
482
243
486
20
289
177
731
41
28
13
297
352
723
41
28
13
297
344
24
23
233
364
37
68
72
85
355
30
44
49
117
118
Clothing indust.ries ...... . ................... . ........ .
Shirt, collar and cuff factories ••• • ,., •• • , ......... .
Suit, coat, and dress factories •••• ,, •••••• ,, •••• , •••
Clothing industries (n. e. c,) ., ••• , , , , •• , ••••••••• , •••
119
Electric light and power p lants . . ........... . ...... , •• ,
120
121
122
123
Food and beverage industries •••• •••• ••••• ••• •••••••••••
Bake ries •••• ,.,., •••• , ••••••••••••••••••••• •• ••••• , ••
Slaughter and meat packing houses,, ••••• .• ••• ••• •••• ,
Food and beverage industries (n.e.o. ) ............... .
1 , 307
58
819
430
80 7
38
520
249
124
126
127
128
129
Iron and steel, machinery, and vehicle industries, .• •• ,
Automobile facto rie s •••••••••••••••••••••••..•••••• • •
Automobile re pair shops ••••••• , ••••••••••• • ••••••••••
Blast furnaces and steel rolling mills ••.••. • ••••••••
Car a.nd railroad s h ops ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• ••
Iron and steel, machinery, & vehicle ind 's (n. e .c.) ••
750
41
28
13
302
366
742
41
28
13
302
358
130
131
132
133
134
Laundries and d ry cleaning establishments ••••••••••••••
Lumber and furniture industries ........... , ••••• •• •••••
l'!eta.l industries ( e x cept ir on and steel") •••••••••••••• ,
Pa.per, printing, and allied indu stries ••••• , •• •• • ,,.,,.
Shoe facto r ies •••• , ••.•••..••••••••••••••.•••••••••••••
245
369
38
68
73
91
360
31
44
50
135
Textile industries •••••••••••••••.•.•• •••••••• ••••• • •••
Cotton mills ••• ••• •••• , •• • • ••• •••••••• ,,, •• , •••• , •• ••
Woole n and worsted mills ••••• , •••• ,,., •••• ,., ••••••••
Texti l e industries (n . e, c . ) ••• , ••••••••• , .......... ••
85
44
41
83
43
40
27
58
14
30
13
28
26
57
14
29
12
28
121
634
520
114
39
1 09
183
104
1 , 104
108
18 3
104
1 , 066
38
125
136
137
138
4
154
9
7
29
1
12
55
43
31
28
29
2
26
2
13
24
13
23
12
148
9
7
24
23
139
Misc . and not spe cified manufactu ring industries •••••••
642
521
140
141
142
143
Pa inters , varn ishers , enamele r s, etc . (facto ry ) ......... .
Switchmen, flagmen , and yardmen ( railroad ) . ......... ••, ••
Ta:ici cab d rivers , bus drivers, and chauffeurs . ........... .
Othe r semiskilled workers in mfg. and other industries •••
113
184
117
1 , 146
112
184
117
1 , 107
144
145
146
147
148
149
UN SKI ILED LABORERS (EXCEPT IN AGRICULTURE) •••••.•• , ••• ·-~1~
5 ~o"""'"
~o- - 1~4 ~9=1~~2 + - - - ~9.a,8-1--~l=4~0~)1=
5-t--~1=3~9=)J.=
9- + - - ~9~6-_ _ _6=5~0La.borers in manufacturing and allied industries ......... ,
2, 20 7
2, 1 20
87
2, 045
1,960
85
71
Clay, glass, and stone industries .................. ·•••
446
446
414
414
14
Iron and stee l, machinery, and vehicle ind1rntrie s.... ..
359
359
308
308
19
Lumber and furni tu re industries ............. ........ ,..
163
163
159
1 !59
2
Other manufac t uring and allied industries ... . .. . ...... .
1, 239
1,152
87
1 ,1 64
1 , 079
85
36
150
151
1 52
153
154
155
156
157
158
159
160
161
La.borers except in mfg. and allied industries .•• ,., •••• ,,
Mines, quarries , and oil and gas we lls , .... ........... .
Odd jobs (general) .. ... ....... ....... .......... ...... ..
Railroads (steam and street) .......................... .
Roads , st reets, and sewe rs ........ , ........... • •••• ••••
Sto r es (including porters in s to res) •••••••••••••••••••
Laborers flJld helpers (n .e.c.) in bldg . and const .. ... ..
Long shoremen and stevedores ., •• , •. , • • • ,, .•••• , •••••• , ••
Lumbermen, raftsmen, and woodchoppe rs., ••• ,.,, •••• , ••••
Street cleanera , garbage me n, o.::,G scavenge rs ....... .... .
Teamste r s and d raymen ••••• , • , •••• , •• , • •. ••••••••• ••••• •
Other laborers, except mfg . and allied ind ' s (n . e . c . ) ••
16 2
163
164
165
166
167
168
169
170
171
172
173
174
175
DOMES Tl C AfID PERSONAL SERVI CE WORKERS •••.•.•.•• ••.•••• • 1----=6 L.:
. 4:.::2-=-4-+---=-l'-'5'-=l-=3 -1-----=4.a9c:1=1 -1-----=5 ...7'-3""
" 2-+---=l -'-'2"-'6"'8-+---=
4..._4=6=4--+_ _ _6;;..c2c..:4~
Barber and beauty shop worke rs,.,........................
290
241
49
279
234
45
7
Bootblacks ...................... ,.,. .............. ..... • •
31
31
22
22
9
Cleane r s and charwome n,,,., •. ,., ••• ,.,,, •••••• , •.••• , •• ,.
396
31
365
347
25
322
42
Cooks and chefs (except in private family) .... . ..........
540
293
24 7
501
2 71
230
37
Elevato r opera.tors • •• •• ,, •••• , ••••• , ••••••••• ,., •••• , ••• ,
43
25
18
40
23
17
J anitors, caretake rs, and sextons ............... .... .....
419
369
50
31 8
280
38
93
La.u nd r esses (not in laundry).............................
179
6
173
141
6
135
34
Porters (except in stores) ,........................ ... ...
92
91
1
18
17
1
72
Practical nu r ses, hospital attendants, and orderlies... ..
298
23
275
291
22
269
3
Servants (hotels, boarding houses, e t c , ) (n, e .c.)........
400
100
300
295
88
207
100
Servants (private fam ily)................................
1 , 9 74
32
1,942
1,818
25
1 , 793
1 38
Waiter s , waitresse s, and bartenders ............... .... ...
635
141
494
625
135
490
B
Other domes tic and personal se rvice workers.......... ....
1 ,1 27
1 30
997
1 , 037
120
917
79
176
1'77
178
179
FARM OPERATORS AND LABORERS ............................ ,__~1~7'-'
, 5~7.....
5 -+---1~7_5=1~
8 _,.__ _~ 5_7_,.__~1~7. 2~9~
3 _,.__~1~7. 2=4=3-+-- ~5~0- + - - ~44
~ - + - - - -4=2- - - - 1 - - - ~ Fa.rm foremen, manage r s , and overse e r s . . ........ ... .......
52
51
1
52
51
1
27
26
Fa.rm laborers............................................
11 , 66 7
11,636
31
11, 481
11, 456
25
16
Farmers....... .. ................... .... . ..... . ...........
5 , 856
5 , 831
25
5 , 760
5 , 736
24
17
180
181
182
INEXPERIENCED PERSONS ••••••• • •••••• , •••••••• , • , ••••• ••• _ _.....
8 ..,9"'"
0.....
9 -+---3 o.c0c.=
4-'-7-+-----"5 o.c8~6=2-1----8 ""5~6=8-t---=2-. 9~4=1--+----=5~. 6=2~7--+---2= 2=3--+_ _ _71~-+---=15=2~
Persons 16- 24 yea.rs of age ( inclu sive) ................ ,..
6,128
2 , 8 77
3 ,251
5 , 902
2 , 780
3, 122
143
67
76
Persons 25 yea.rs of age and over •••• ,., ................ , .
2 ,781
170
2, 611
2 , 666
161
2, 505
BO
4
76
183
UNKNOWN OCCUPATI ON , ••• , •• , •• , ••••• ,., ••.• , . • , •• ,., ••••
128018 0-37-5
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
1 2, 823
251
1 , 605
1 , 906
2, 947
3 79
4 ,070
12, 812
251
1 , 601
1 , 906
2, 947
377
4 , 0 70
11
11 , 9 70
244
1 , 555
1,751
2 ,775
352
3 , 705
11 , 959
244
1 , 551
1 , 751
2, 775
350
3 , 705
3
3
3
3
301
19
644
698
301
19
644
693
287
18
626
654
287
18
626
649
359
1 70
189
339
162
11
177
579
_ _ _6~4=9- - + - - - ~ 1 ~
70
1
14
19
2
35
5 79
3
3
14
35
136
22
315
14
35
136
22
31 5
10
36
7
l
10
36
13
_ _-=
22::.:l~----=.;
40:..::3;...,_
3
4
9
37
5
17
20
1
l
12
Bl
34
72
3
10
5
5
10
90
1 33
3
69
60
W ORKERS ON RELIEF-KANSAS
TABLE l-WORKERS 1 ON RELIEF, BY USUAL OCCUPATION, COLOR, AND SEX, FOR THE STATE: MARCH 1935
TOTAL 2
WfilTE
NEGRO
USUAL OOCUPAnON
TOTAL
TOTAL .••••••••• , • •••• •• ,,, , . .
FEMALE
11ALE
1 11 , 985
80 , 0ll
31, 9 74
TOTAL
99 , 462
FEMALE
MALE
72 , 361
27,098
TOTAL
1 0 , 856
FEMALE
11ALE
6 , 400
4 , 456
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
16
16
17
416
1 156
PROFESSIONAL AND TECHNICAL WORKERS • •• . •••••••••••••••••• t--=l&.03'-"0':-1-t-_ _ _4'-"9-''!-t-_ _...;8a:..0~
:a 4-+----"'-'-="'--+---=':-+---7
'--'4"=0-+---l:.:3::;:2'-4_ _ _7'-4='--1-----'5"-'8' Actors.. ................... .. .. .. .........................
9
3
1
1
8
5
Arch itects •• •• •• , ••• • • ••• • • •••••• ,, • •• , • •• ,, . , ••• , ••• ,,, , .
Arti s t s , s culptors , and t e ache rs of a rt ........... . ..... ..
14
14
Chemist s , assaye r s , and metallurgists ....... . ... . ... . . .. . .
14
14
14
14
Cl e r gymen and r e ligious worker s .. .. ..................... ..
31
101
95
70
64
31
De signers ...... . .. . ....... , ...... , ....... . .. . ... , , ....... .
2
1
2
1
Draftsme n • • • • ............ . .......... . ...... . ...... . .. .. .....
17
17
18
16
Engineers (technical) , •• , .............................. . ..
34
34
35
35
Lawye rs, judges, and justices .. , .. . ....... . . . ... , . .. . ... ..
2
3
3
2
Libr arians and librarians' assi s tants • • • •• ••••••••••••• • • •
17
15
17
2
15
Musicians and t eachers of music .. . .. ..................... .
47
31
10
21
1 30
73
57
98
51
Nur s es (trained or r " gi ste red) ..... .. ........ . .. .... . .... .
2
2
92
96
1
95
92
Physicians , surgeons , o.nd dentists ••• ,,.,,,,, .. ,.,, , ,,,,,,
5
5
6
6
Playground and r ec reational workers •• , • • ,,,,,,., •• • ,, ,, ,, ,
7
7
6
9
Repo r te r s, editor s , and journalis t s . • .. ••• • •• • • • •• • •••• • .•
4
5
18
19
20
Teache r s , ........ , ...... ,,, • • , ........... , • • , •• • , ..... . .. .
College instr ucto r s and pr ofessor s , ,, ., • •• • .• •••• • •• • .• •
Pr imary and secondary school, and t e achers (n.e.c . H .. ..
748
4
744
155
2
153
21
Othe r professional workers . . ......... . .. , ........... . .... .
20
13
22
23
24
25
Other semiprofessional worker s ••• • •••••• • ••••••••••••• • • , .
Abstr acter s , notaries, and jus tice s of pe a ce . ... .. . .... . •
Technicians Slid laboratory as s istants • ••• •• •• • •••••• • •••
Semiprofessional workers (n.e. c. ) •• , •• , •• ,.,,., . , , .,, •••
72
1
56
1
16
7
6
64
49
1
15
26
27
28
~9
30
31
32
46
71 9
664
PROPRIETORS, MANAGERS, AND OFFIC IALS (EXCEPT AGRI C. ) .... l -_---'7...7..:.
l -+-_ _ _7'-"0"'
4-+----=6'-'-7-+---'-":.;;.,..-+---:..;;..::-+-----'
5'-"5-+-----'=-1
85
86
Bui ld i ng contractors .. . ...................................
86
86
2
2
Forester s, fo r est range rs , and timbe r o?"Ui se r s ......... . ..
2
2
13
45
2
46
Huckste r s , pedd ler s , and j unk and rag de ale r s ....... .. ....
61
59
Trucking , transfe r and cab companie s, and garo.ges .........
18
17
17
1
18
1
Retail deale r s and manage r s (n. e . c . ) ... . ..................
233
222
7
224
214
10
11
Othe r proprie to r s , manage rs, and officials •• • ••• . ,., •..• ,,
371
31 8
43
25
344
301
53
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
61
1,098
35
26
2 , 208
OFFI CE WORKERS , ••• , • • ••• •• . . ••• ,., ••• , . , • • •• • ••••••••••• t---=2""2'"'7~
9 -t--~l""l":4c,;;,
O-+-_:cl"',1":3c-=
9-+-_:c~~+---=,;.,,..,,-+-......c
l -'-,,l::-':l=-::0-+----::-+----'-::,--t---.C.,,.-Bookkeeper s , accountant s , ,md a uditor s ,.......... . ....... .
343
1 86
157
153
3
336
1 83
Cashier s (e xce pt i n banks) ...... .. ............... . ........
42
3
39
39
42
3
Cle rks (n , e . c . ) .... . ... .. ..... . ....... ....................
8 76
591
285
273
32
20
12
839
566
Me s s e nge r s and office boys • •• ••••• , •••••• , ., ,. . . . ....... . .
76
73
3
3
4
4
71
68
Off ice machine ope r ato rs,,,., • •••• • ••••.••• , • • , •••• , •• , •• ,
9
3
6
6
9
3
Office mana ge r s and bank telle r s . .........................
16
14
2
2
14
16
Stenogr a phe r s , stenotypist s , and d icta phone ope r a tor s .. . ..
308
31
277
30
266
10
296
Tele g r aph and r a d io operator s ........................... ..
63
61
2
2
63
61
Te lephone ope r ato r s ......... . .. . ............. . ....... . ....
23 8
15
22 3
222
236
14
Typi s ts ..... .. .. ,.........................................
1 59
32
1 27
1 26
157
31
Other cle r ic al and allie d wor ke r s •• • •••• • • , ••..•• , .. ......
1 49
131
18
18
143
1 25
46
46
47
48
49
50
51
1 952
2 820
SALESMEN AND KINDRED WORKERS, , . . . .... . ... . , . , • . , • , • , , , , , t----=2"-'8=9-=2- + - ~
2-'-'0=0'-'7-+_ _ _8:a..:8;.::;5-+----"~'""--+--.;;;.,r.a..:;.::;-+---8"'
"'6'-"8- + - - -5'-'4
Canvas s ers ( s olicitor s , any) ..................... . . .. , , .. ,
93
73
20
16
6
87
71
Collllllercial t r avele r s ..................................... ,
34
32
2
1
1
32
33
Newsboys ............................... . ............... . ..
91
90
1
1
4
84
85
Real estate agents and insu rance agents •• , ••• • ,,.,,, • • , •. ,
1 01
93
8
7
4
97
90
Sales men and saleswomen (re tail s to r es) ...................
1 , 813
1 , 063
750
740
25
l , 776
1, 036
Othe r sale s pe r sons and k i nd re d workers • ••. • ••••••••••••• ,
75 0
656
1 04
742
6 39
103
15
62
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
144
7 ,~
144
SKILLED WORKERS MID FOREMEN IN !J LDG. AND CONSTRUCTION , , ,t--_ _7-. 5_7_1-t-_ _7- 5_7_1- t - - - - - - r - -7~
--+--+------+--36_9
Bl acksmiths ........................................... .. . ,
413
41 3
401
401
8
Boi lermakers . .... , ...... . .......... . .............. . .......
169
169
165
16 5
4
377
Br icklayers and stonemason s , .• , •••••• • •••••••.••• , •••• ,. . .
446
446
377
65
Carpente rs, ... .............. , .......... . . .. . . . .. . . .. . . ,...
2 , 360
2,360
2 , 271
2 , 271
71
262
Cement fi n ishers ..........................................
314
31 4
47
262
El ect r icians ••••••••• • • • •••••••• , • • • • • • • • • • .. • • • • • • • • • • • • •
2 54
2 54
246
246
4
Foreme n: c onstr uct i on (except ro ad) ....... . ...............
65
65
65
65
For emen: road and s t r e et construction •• • •• • •• • ,,.,.,,.,.,,
147
147
145
2
145
Operator s or engine e r s : stat'y and port. constr. equi p 't..
743
743
22
71 8
718
36
1, 306
1 , 306
Painters (not in factory ) ............ . .. .. ,...... . ........
1 , 350
1 , 350
11
89
89
Pape r hange rs, •••• ,, •• , •• , ,,,,, , ,,,,,, • • , ,.,, • •• •• ••.• ,,.,
1 00
100
72
Pl a stere r s .. ..... ,, .... ,, ..... ,, ••• , .. .. ... , ......... , ... ,
346
346
26 9
269
17
P l umbe rs, ga s and s team fi tters... .. ........... ... .... .. ..
458
458
436
436
1
58
Roofers •••••••••• •• •••••••••• •• •• • .••••••• , .•• • , , • • • • • • • • •
59
59
58
22
22
Sheet me t a l worke r s ........ .. ...................... .. .....
22
22
27
Stonecutte r s and c a r ve r s ..................... .. , .. ....... ,
32
32
27
96
96
Structur a l i ron and steel worke r s .........................
98
98
21
Sette r s : mar b le, s tone, and ti le, . . ................. .. ....
21
21
21
170
Othe r skilled worke r s in building and construction.. . .....
1 74
1 74
170
64
66
66
67
68
69
70
71
83
84
85
86
87
SKILLED WORKERS AND FOREMEN IN MFG. &: OTHER INDUSTRIES •• - - ~
3.._6=2~7-+-Cabine tmakers.......................... . .. .. ........ . .....
64
Cobble rs and shoe r e pairmen,, •• ,., •••••• • •• , •• • • •• ,.. . .. . .
116
Con ductors: steam and str e et rai lroads , a nd bu s e s . ...... . .
20
Foremen (in factor i e s). . ... ...................... . ........
94
Foremen and inspector s ( e xce pt in fac to r ies) .... . ... . .....
350
Locomot ive e nginee r s and fi r emen ••••••••••••••••••••••.•• ,
327
Machinists , millwri ght s , and toolmakers ••••••••••• • •••••• ,
387
Mechanics (n.e,c,) . .................... . ..................
1,731
Molde r s , founde rs, and caste r s (metal ) ..... . ... .... ..... . .
84
Sawyers, •• , .• , • •••• • • • •• •• • • •••• , , , • , •.• , •••• , • , ..•• , •••• ,
26
Skilled workers in printing and e ngraving •••• , ,....... . . . •
122
Ta ilors and furriers.... . ................................ .
22
Tinsmiths and coppersmiths ••••• ,, • •.•••••••• , • • ••• ,... . . . .
71
Metal worke rs ( exce pt gold and silve r ) (n . e. c. ).... . ......
5
Skilled worke r s i n mf'g. and other industries (n . e .c . ) ... ..
208
::
Ap:!~!~!;~~nw~~~:~n~ a!~:~~~~ru.a:i ~~~~:~~:::~:l::::::: : - - - -s~ o~~~: -
90
91
92
93
94
As phalt workers .. . ................ .... ............. ···•• • •
Blast e r s (exce pt i n mines) .......................... , ••• ,.
Caisson worke r s ••••••• •,.••...............................
Calke r s.. ..... . ............ ...... .. ........ . ............. .
Firemen ( e xce pt locomotive and fi r e department) .... . ......
72
73
74
76
76
77
78
79
80
Bl
82
'Includes workers 16 thr ough 64 years of age.
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
16
61
2
7
278
593
2
591
684
4
680
141
2
139
543
59
14
45
59
14
45
2
541
16
70
1
7
62
54
1
6
47
16
1
15
34
12
--....;;,..---1-----'=-1
12
6
15
42
2
4
3
19
14
1
10
12
1
6
1
369
8
4
b5
71
47
4
2
22
36
ll
72
17
3 408
3 372
--=3.._5~8=9- + - - - - =3'-"8-+----~"'-+---'-'--'--'-+--3-'6- + - - -l;;;.7'-7-+--_,;;;.
17'-'5'----4_ _ _...;:__
63
63
64
1
1
116
100
11
11
1 00
20
20
20
87
1
1
88
93
8
7
337
331
343
6
6
31 9
31 9
327
14
11
360
360
387
93
93
1 , 625
1 , 731
1 , 62 5
10
10
84
74
74
26
9
9
17
17
6
6
1 06
1 00
16
16
116
7
6
9
16
6
14
5
71
71
71
5
4
4
ll
ll
205
1 92
1 95
4 731
4 731
- - - -5~.o~~~: - - - - - - + - - - < - - - + - - - ' - - - - + - - - - - + - - 28_7-+_ _ _
28_7_ _ _ __
15
15
14
11
2
2
16
!i
5
54
61
54
2
2
7
34
34
211
241
278
'Includes white, Negro, o ther, and unlmown co lor or race,
-'No t elsewhere classified.
61
OCCUPATION
TABLE I-WORKERS ON RELIEF, BY USUAL OCCUPATION, COLOR, AND SEX, FOR THE STATE: MARCH 1935-Continued
TOTAL
WHI TE
NEGRO
USUAL OCCUPATI ON
TOTAL
MALE
FEMALE
TOTAL
MALE
FfflALE
TOTAL
FfflALE
MALE
-
95
96
97
98
99
100
SEMISKI LLED WORKERS IN BLDG. AND CONSTRUCTION
Cont.
Ope re.to rs of building e.n~ const ru ct i on e qu i pme nt •••••• •••
Pipelay e r s •• , •••• •••• , •••••••••••• , ........ , .. , ••••••••••
Rodman e.nd ch e.imnen ( sur veying) ••••••••••••••••••••••••••
Truck e.nd t racto r dr iver s ................................
We l de r s • ••••• • •.••• ••••••• • •••• •• ••••• •••.• , •• , ••• ••••• ,.
Other semiskilled wo r ke rs in buildin g e.nd const r uction ...
114
20
38
3, 584
146
463
414
20
38
3 , 581
146
463
10 1
102
103
10 4
10 5
106
107
108
109
110
SEMISK1LLED WORKERS IN MFG. AND OTIIER INDUSTRIES .•.••••
Bake r s ... . ............................. , ..... ,., ..... ,, .•
E:r e.keme n (ra ilro a d) •••• ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• • ••••
De l iverymen ........................................ . .....
Dre ssmake r s and mi ll i ners ..... .. ...... . ... .. ..........•.•
F'ilc r :3 , gr i nde r s , buffe rs, and pol ishe rs (me tal ) • .......•
Fur nacemen, he at er s , smelte rmen , e tc . (me tal worki n g) ••••
Gu ards , watchmen , e.nd do orke epe r s (except rai lroad) ..... ,
Handic r a f t wo r ke r s : te xtile, wood , leathe r, metal, etc , ••
Ins itle wo rkers: mines ••. . ..... . ...... • ....... . .... •. ••.••
8 661
206
141
578
956
16
82
126
11
1 , 931
6 343
1139
141
5 78
2
16
82
1 25
1
1 , 931
2 31 8
17
Ill
112
113
11 4
Ope r atives (n , e . c . ) i n mfg. and allie d indus t ries .......•
Che mical e.nd a ll ie d indus tr i e s .. .................. .... ..
Cigar , cigarette , and toba cc o fact ori es .. . ..........•••
Cl ay , g la ss , and s t one indu s t r ie s ........... , ....•.....
3 , 269
90
35
168
1 , 978
77
10
164
11 5
116
117
118
Cl o t hi ng indust r ie s ..••..•....•.. .... . . ... ..... . ...•..•
Sh irt , c o lla r and cuff f a ctorie s .......•....... . ..•••
Suit , c oat , and dress f a ctori es ........ •... ........••
Cl othing indu s t r ie s ( n. e . c . ) •••••••••••••••••••••••••
206
19
39
148
1 , 365
79
930
356
404
19
38
3 , 126
142
381
404
19
38
3, 426
142
381
83
83
1 , 602
74
9
124
1 , 0 22
13
25
3
579
3
1
37
332
3
1
37
247
194
19
35
140
15
3
1
11
179
16
34
1 29
1 , 057
76
638
343
632
45
332
255
425
31
306
88
263
2
250
11
21 0
2
1 98
10
53
335
4,_
49
15
129
98
330
42
49
13
128
98
26
3
6
4
26
3
6
1 82
17
3
17
1
20
17
2
4
5 611
1 , 291
13
25
2 , 624
87
34
12 7
15
3
1
11
1 91
16
38
1 37
8 74
47
56 1
26 6
491
369
90
1 82
137
508
2
16
1 929
16
116
2
77
854
119
1
1, 841
1
10
77
994
5
3
67
88
7 540
198
137
508
856
16
77
120
10
1 , 841
954
146
641
67
88
7'1
11 9
ElPctric light
1 20
12 1
122
123
Food and beve r age indust r ies . .•. ••••.••.• . ... •.. ..•• •••
Bake r i es •••••••••••••••• • • ••••••••••••••• • •••••••••••
Sl aughte r and meat packing houses •• •••• • . • • •.••••••••
Food e.nd beve rage i nd ust r ie s ( n . e , c. ) ••••••••••••••••
1 24
12 5
126
1 27
1 28
129
Iron and s tee l, machinery , and ve hicle i ndu str ies •.•• ••
Automob ile f e.ct or i e s •••••••••••••••••••.•••••••••••••
Automobile repai r shops , •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••
Blast fu rna ce s a nd s teel r o ll ing mills ...............
Ca r and rail ro ad shops , ••••••••••• • ••••••••••••••••••
I r on e.nd steel , machine ry, le vehic l e ind.' s ( n . e . c , ) • .
367
47
55
19
142
1 04
362
45
55
17
141
104
130
13 1
132
133
134
Laundries and dry c l e e.ni n g est abli shments ••••••••••••••
Lumber and fu rn iture i ndu st r ies •...•••.............••••
Metal j ndustries (except ir on and ste e l ) ...............
Paper , printing , e.nd all ied i ndustri e s •.... ..• .......••
Shoe f a ctor ies ••••••••• , •••••• , . , • • • •• , • •• , ••••••••• • • ,
542
90
45
105
21
11 5
87
40
51
15
42 7
3
5
54
6
357
73
42
88
20
94
70
38
47
15
263
3
4
41
5
1 35
136
1 37
138
Texti le indust r ies ...•.......... •. ....... ...•....• •.•••
Cotton mill s , •••• • • , .... . ................... . ... ·••••
Woole n and wo r sted mills •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••
Texti l e i ndus t r ies ( n . e . c . ) ..........................
60
4
1
55
27
3
1
23
33
1
25
1
1
23
27
1
32
52
2
1
49
26
13 9
Misc . e.nd not spe cified manufactu r ing indust ri es ......•
169
135
34
152
123
29
12
10
140
14 1
142
143
Pe inte r::; , va rn ishe r s , enamele r s , etc . ( fa cto ry ) .. ... .. , . ,
Swi tchmen , fle.;a;mon , and y ardmen ( ra ilroad ) •••••••••••••••
Taxicab drive r s , bu s dr ive r s , e.nd chauffeurs •• .•.....• , ••
Other sem iski lled v,o rke r s i n mfg . and other industrie s •••
103
141
1 98
903
103
141
197
869
92
124
142
795
92
1 24
141
76 9
1
26
5
11
52
89
5
11
52
73
144
145
146
147
148
149
UNSK ILLED LABORERS (EXCEPT IN AGRICULTURE) ., ••• , •••••••
Labo r e r s i n manufactur ing and a ll ied i ndust ri e s .. ....... ,
Clay , glas s , and stone industries ... ..... .. ... .... ...•.
Iron and steel , machine ry, e.nd vehic le industries . .. .••
Lumbe r e.nd furni ture indus t rie s, ......•...........••.••
Other me.nufac t u r ing e.nd a ll ie d industr ies ..... . ..•.•..•
1 5 81 2
2, 010
379
170
57
1 , 404
1 5 726
1 , 945
379
1 69
54
1 , 343
86
65
12 637
1 , 295
273
1 30
44
848
1 2 570
1 , 246
273
129
41
803
2 595
608
99
32
11
466
2 580
596
99
32
11
454
150
151
1 52
1 53
154
155
1 56
157
158
1 59
160
161
Labo rers except in mfg . and a llied i ndust r ies .••••• ••••••
Minos , quarr ies . and oil and gas vie l l s ................•
Odd jobs (gene r al) ••••••••••••••••••••.••••••••••••••••
Re.ilroads (sterun and st r e et ) ................. , • • •••• • ••
Roads , streets , and s e\vers .. . ...•.••....••....... ..• •• ,
St o r es ( includi ng porte r s in stores) ..... ............ ..
Lo.bore rs e.nd helpe r s (n, e . c . ) in bldg . e.nd const . ••• •••
Lons,sho renten and ste vedo res •..... . •. ...... • . . ._........•
Lumbermen , ra f'tsmen , a...,id woor!choppe r s ••••••••••••••••••
St reet cleane r s . garbage men , o..-,G. sc ave n g:e rs ...•....•.•
Teamste r s and d raymen ••••••• • ••• ••• • •••••• ••• ••• ••••• ••
Othe r laborers , except rnfg . and all i ed ind.'s (n . e . c . ) ••
13 , 802
588
5, 271
2 , 131
1 , 289
43 2
1 , 766
2
1 74
44
714
1 , 391
13, 781
588
5 , 26 1
2 ,1 31
l , 289
422
1, 766
2
174
44
714
1 , 390
21
11 , 342
506
4 , 630
1, 405
1 , 112
281
1 , 363
1
16 7
23
662
1 ,1 92
11 , 324
506
4 , 621
1 , 405
1 , 112
273
1 , 363
1
167
23
662
1 , 191
18
1 , 987
78
568
3 71
1 74
148
390
1
1 , 984
78
56 7
371
J. 74
146
390
1
7
21
48
1 81
162
16 3
164
165
166
167
168
169
1 70
171
1 72
17 3
174
175
DOMESTIC AND PERSONAL SERVIC E WORKERS ••••••••••••••••••
Bar ber and beauty shop wo r ke r s ........... . . . .. •• .......••
Boo tble.cks , •••• , •• ,,,, •• ,, ••••••••••• ,,, •• • ,, •• , . ,,,,, •••
Cleb.Il e rs and chA. r"tlome n • .. .• .......... •• ..... ••.. ....•. • • •
Cooks and chefs (except in pr ivate fami ly) • •••• • • ••• •••••
Elevator ope r ators .. . ....... . ...... , •••••• ,, ... , ... . .....
,Tani tors , ce. retakc rs, e.nd sextons ...................•.•.•
Laund r es ses (not in laund ry ) ......................... ....
Porte r s (except in stor es) •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••
Pract ical nu r ses , hospi t e. l e.tte ndants , and ot de r lies • ••• •
Se r 1a11 t s (hotels, boar ding houses , etc . ) (n. e . c.) •.... •••
Se rvant s ( pri ve.te fami l y) •••••• , •••• •• .• , •• , • •••• • , , .• ,,•
Waite r s , wa itr esses , e.nd b a rtende r s •• • ••••••.••••.•••.•••
Othe r d omestic and pe r sonal se rvice workers ....•.. . ..... ,
11.411
319
56
254
917
52
570
451
357
605
511
5 , 256
948
1 , 115
2 265
251
56
15
181
31
531
3
357
24
175
45
135
1 58
1 1 93
221
8
9
347
18
214
1
23
24
86
16
106
90
6 660
49
581
336
5 , 211
81 3
957
7 8 53
270
8
149
686
31
262
201
23
578
274
3, 782
868
721
1 76
177
1 78
17 9
FARJ1 OPERATORS AN D LABORERS ••••• •• •••••••• • •••••...••••
Farm f or emen, manage r s , and ov e rseers . . .... •.... ...... ...
Fann l aborers ............................................
Farme r s .. . . . ..................... .......... . , ............
30 383
40
1 3 , 31 2
17 , 031
30 251
39
1 3 , 227
16 , 985
132
1
85
46
29 340
38
1 2, 643
1 6 , 659
180
18 1
182
I NEJC!'ERIENCED PERSONS •••• •• •• •• •••••••••• •• •• ••• •••••••
Persons 16- 24 yee.rs of age ( i ncl us ive) •••••• • •••••••• ••••
Pe r sons 25 yenrs of age e.nd ove r ..•..•..••.••..... ... .•.•
21 271
11 , 178
10 , 093
4 398
3 , 927
4 71
16 8 73
7 , 251
9 , 622
183
UN KNOWN OCCUPATION,, •• , •••• , ••••••• , •••• , ••• ••••••••••
961
475
486
Ei?ld
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
353
1
po\ver pl13nts •... ••. .• .•.. ......•.•••
32
1
44
3
61
10
10
9 146
65
239
436
21
39
448
67
49
1
3
45
21
48
181
52
1
162
1
13
1
16
15
12
12
2 396
16
1 , 050
30
47
6
132
13
284
2
332
554
188
3 , 766
762
631
3 446
46
47
104
229
21
305
244
332
24
226
1 , 412
72
384
29 248
37
12 , 593
16 , 61 8
92
1
50
41
689
1
388
300
679
1
382
296
10
19 . 041
1 0 , 089
8 , 952
3 927
3, 500
427
15 114
6 , 589
8 , 525
l 941
941
1 , 000
411
373
38
1 530
568
962
865
438
42 7
65
23
42
140
339
13
18
200
81
29
29
65
98
97
8
21
242
24
145
1 , 383
43
31 9
6
4
WORKERS ON RELIEF-KENTUCKY
62
TABLE l-WORKERS 1 ON RELIEF, BY USUAL OCCUPATION, COLOR, AND SEX, FOR THE STATE: MARCH 1935
TOTAL 2 '
WlllTE
NEGRO
USUAL OCCUPATION
TOTAL
TOTAL .•.•••••• ••• ..• • . ••••••.
137, 68 1
MALE
99 , 348
FfflALE
38 , 333
TOTAL
124, 390
FE:!ALE
MALE
91 , 048
33, 342
TOTAL
12, 72 2
MALE
7, 898
FfflALEJ
4 , 824
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
16
16
17
~5
441
511
270
241
236
69
34
PROFESSIONAL AND TECHNICAL WORKERS, ••.•.• , ••••••••••••• , t-----"-=--+----"-'-"--+-----="""--+--~=-+----=a=a.-+- - =205
: - " - + - - --"-"--+-----"c.:....-t----"-"Actors •••••• , ••••••••••••••••••• ,, ••••••••• • ,, •.•••••••• ,.
2
2
2
1
1
Architects ••••••••••• • •••••• • ••• • , •••••••••••.•.•••••••••.
Artists, sculptors , and teachers of art •••• •••••••• •••••••
Chemists, assayors, and metallurgists ••••• , ••••••• , ••••.•.
Clergymen and religious workers .......... . ... . ........... .
62
43
61
19
19
Designers ................................ ..... ........... .
1
1
1
1
Draftsmen •••••••••••• . ••••• •• •••••••••.•• ••• •.••.••.••••••
16
16
16
16
Engineers (technical) ••••••••.••.• , ••••• •••• ••• ••••• ••• •••
34
34
33
33
Lawyers, judges, and justices . ........................... .
1
1
1
1
Librar i ans and librarians' assistants ••••••••.••••••••••••
6
6
1
1
5
Musicians and teachers of music •• • •••••••.•• , •••••••• , .•.•
13
14.
24
27
13
11
Nurses (trained or registered) .......................... ..
26
24
26
24
Physicians, su rgeons, and dentists •••••••••••••.••••••• •. •
3
4
Playgr ound and recreational workers •••••• ••••.•.. • ••••••• •
Reporte rs, e ditors, and journalists •...••.•..••.•.••.•••.•
1
18
19
20
Teachers •••• •• • • ••••••••••••••• ••••• , •••••••••••••••••••••
College instructor s and professors ..................... .
Primary and secondary school, and tenche rs (n.e.c, )~ •••.
271
93
178
231
85
146
39
31
271
93
178
231
85
146
39
31
21
other professiona l workers •. ••.. .•.•••.. , ...•• ••••.•••.•••
15
10
15
10
30
22
29
21
8
22
4
18
8
?.l
17
22
Other semiprof essional worker s •..••••.•...•••. •• ...•••.•••
23
Ab str a.cte r s , notaries , and justices of peace ..•••..•••••
24
25
Technicians and laboratory assistants ••.•••••••.•••• •• ••
Semiprofessi onal workers (n. e . c.), •••••.••.••.••••••••••
26
27
28
i9
30
31
32
:> 7n
251
PROPRIETORS , MANAGERS, AND OFFICIALS (EXCEPT AGRIC. ) •.•. t------""-"--+-----=-"'--+----"l"9 - + - - - '2"'5"9 - + - - - '2'-"4=--l-+_ ____.1"'8 - + - - - - " - + - - - - - " - - + - - - -1- Building contractor s. ........... .... ......... .... ....... . .
18
18
19
19
Foresters, fo re st rangers, and timber crui se rs.. . . . . . .. . • . .
2
2
2
2
,17
Hucksters, pedd lers, and junk and rag dealers. ... . .... ... .
2
46
44
49
Trucking, transfer and cab companies, and garages ,..... . ..
1
7
8
7
1
Retail dealers and managers (n. e. c.) ...... ,.... .... ...... .
4
74
70
72
4
76
Other proprie tors, managers, and of'ficials • ••.....• ,......
12
111
l CO
104
116
11
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
1 032
620
OFFICE WORKERS ,,,, ,, .• •.•• ...• .•.•..•.•..••.... •••••. •.• t--=-<-:-;;-;:--+--~;;--,t----=
4~1,,.
2 -+----"'l,"-aO"al-i,-7-+--...;6',,l.,;.
0 -+---=4~0.,,.7-+----=l.;;-l-+----=--+---.....,C139
86
Bookkeepers, accountants, and auditors ... ............... ..
53
137
85
52
25
6
487
381
37:
28
28
Messengers and office boys ............. ..... .... . .........
26
26
3
2
1
Office machine operator s ,.................................
2
18
15
3
Office managers and bank telle rs................... .......
3
18
15
11 3
10
101
Stenographers , stenotypists, and ci ictaphone operators. .. ..
103
111
10
32
29
3
Te le graph lind radio operators ..•.•.. .• .......••.. ••••.• , • •
3
32
29
69
3
66
Te le phone operators. . . • . • • • • • . . . . . . • . • • • . • . . . • . • . • • • • • • . • •
66
69
3
71
14
Typists ......... , ................. ... .... .... .............
57
69
13
56
47
46
1
Other c lerical and allied workers.........................
1
1·6
45
46
46
47
48
49
50
51
14~ + - - -10
SALESMEN AND KINDRED WORKERS ••••.••••••...••••..•••••.•. t - - - l=104
~ - - - ~ . , . 733
- + - - - - - =3_7~
1 -+-~l.~0~8~
6 -+-----7...
2...
0 - + - - ~3=6~6 - + - - ~
~ - - t - - -4 ~
23
12
Canvasser s (solicitors,
11
22
11
11
1
,n
39
Commercial travelers ... . ......... .........................
2
41
39
2
32
31
1/ewsboys.. ............ . ... ... • • . • • • • .. .. ... • • • • . . . .. .. . . . •
1
30
29
1
81
77
Real estate agents e.nd insurance agents ...................
4
81
77
4
762
421
10
4
Salesmen and saleswomen (retail stores ) •••......•.• •••·...
341
750
414
336
1 65
153
Other sales persons and kindred workers ...................
12
162
150
12
62
53
5 "/ 58
5 758
450
450
SKILLED WORKERS AND FOREMEN IN BLDG, A."ID CONSTRUCTION • • • t---~-"-"--+---"-'~"--+------+--"5 '-"2"'8-'-7-+·--"5 '-=2"'8-'-7-+----+--~=-+--~=--t----:',28
328
318
318
8
Blacksmiths...............................................
8
83
s;,
Boilermakers •.••.••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• ,...........
78
78
5
5
Bricklayers and stonemasons . .. ............................
340
340
275
275
62
62
Carpente rs.................................. . .............
2, 051
2, 051
2, 113
2,11 3
54
54
Cement 1'inishe r s ..........................................
304
304
160
160
143
113
Electricians. ................ .... .........................
153
153
1 52
152
1
1
Foremen: construction (except road).......................
47
47
46
46
1
1
Foremen: road and street construction....... ..... . .. ... ...
85
85
83
83
2
2
Operators or e nginee r s: stat'y and port . constr. equip't..
298
298
285
285
13
13
Painters (not in facto ry) .................................
1,229
1 , 166
1,166
60
1 , 229
60
167
22
167
Pape r hangers ................ ...... ....... ................
144
144
22
1 38
138
Plastere rs................................................
93
93
45
45
223
223
Plumbers , gas and steam fitters ................ ,..........
212
212
10
10
41
41
2
Roofers ...................... ...... .............. . . ...... .
39
39
2
23
23
2
2
Sheet metal workers.......................................
21
21
15
15
Stonecutters and carvers ........... . ........ ... . ..... . ,...
14
14
1
Structural iron and stee 1 worke rs.........................
60
60
60
60
37
37
Setters: marble, stone , and tile.......... . ...............
30
30
7
7
74
74
other skilled workers in building and constru ction........
60
60
12
12
54
55
56
67
58
69
60
61
62
63
64
66
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
~~=~!:rcn:=~~:r..~~-~~:'.::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::
1~:
4!~
1~;
any) ..... ..... .... .. ........ ......
2 058
?. 07 7
103
103
SKILLED WORKERS AND FOREMEN IN MFG. cl: OTHER I NDUSTRIES •. t--"-'-"'-'--'--+-----"-''-'="--t----"'19
, ,__+-_ 1~9,._
5"5 -+--:.
l,..9c.e4.,_7-+----""
l"9 - + - --""""-+----''"""'--+--~
Cabinetmakers.............................................
48
48
48
48
Cobblers and shoe r epairmen. ............. . ..... . . .. . .. ....
58
58
54
54
Conductors: :rteem and street railroad s , and bu ses ..... ....
25
25
25
25
45
41
Foremen (in factories)••••••••••••••••••····--............
44
40
148
Foremen and inspectors ( except in factories) . .. .. • .. • .. . • •
151
14 7
144
1 79
Locomotive enginee rs and firemen •••• ,.... ...... ........ ...
179
174
174
282
282
Machinists, millwrights, and toollllake r s . . ....... ..........
274
274
7
Mechanics (n.e.c.)........................................
643
643
605
605
36
36
Molders, founders, and casters (metal)....................
11 2
112
141
141
29
29
203
Sawye rs ...................... . ......... , . ................ ,
195
195
203
6
Skilled workers in printing and engraving.................
72
65
73
66
Tailors and furriers......................................
11
8
14
11
Tinsmiths and coppersmiths................................
42
42
43
43
Metal workers ( e xcept gold and silver) (n.e.c .)... ..... ...
37
37
38
38
1 34
Skilled worke r s in mf'g. and other industries (n. e. c. ) .....
126
124
132
3 302
3 . 302
SEMISKILU:D WORKERS IN BUILDING AND CONSTRUCTION ....... ·1---~.,,..,..-+----''-'7-,-+------+---'
2 .~8~5-"0 -+_
24
24
Apprentices in building and construction..................
23
7
7
Asphalt workers ..................... , .............. . .. ••••
1
28
28
Blasters (except i n mines) .......................... ,.....
21
1
Caisson workers ••••••••.• ••.. ... ..........................
9
Calkers •••••••••••••••••••••••••• • ••••••••••••••••••••••••
441
441
368
Firemen (except locomotive and fire department) •••••••••••
1 Includes
workers 16 through 64 years of age.
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
2
__.
2 •...c8~5.a..0- + - - - - + - - . . . . . . ;4=3~9 -+----'4=3.::..
9- + - - - 23
1
1
1
6
6
21
7
7
1
Includes white, Negro, other, and unknown color or race.
9
368
71
'Not elsewhere classified,
71
OCCUPATION
63
TABLE I-WORKERS ON RELlEF, BY USUAL OCCUPATION, COLOR, AND SEX, FOR THE STATE: MARCH 1935-Continucd
WRITE
TOTAL
NEGRO
USUAL OCCUPATION
TOTAL
FffiALE
MALE
TOTAL
:',ALE
FEMALE
FfflALE
MALE
TOTAL
95
96
97
98
99
100
SEl'II SKILLED WORKERS IN BUlG . AND CONSTRUCTION - Cont.
Operators of building and construction equipment ..•••••••
Pipe layers ••• , .......................................... .
Rodman and chaiI!!Dfln ( surveying) •••••• , • • •••••••••• ••••• • •
Truck and t ractor drivers •• • ••••••••• •••••••• •••..••••• • ,
Welders ........................................ ,., ••••• ,.
Other semiskille d wo rkers in building and construct ion • ••
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
SE!1ISKI LL.ED WORKERS rn MFG. AND OTllER INDUSTRIES .•••• • • 1---=l-=-2"-'4=
.9=1-+---=--9-.a5'-'-7"'-0-+--=2..,9=2-=-1-+--=l=l..,3=2=2-+--=
8 .._,7-"5"'5 -+--=2..,
. 5'""6..,_7-+---=-l..,l::.:lc:l.__ _ _7c...:6c::c8.__ __;3::..:4,::;3_
De.ke r s . • • • • • • • • • •, •., •••.••••••••• , •• , ••••••••• , •• • ••••• •
76
72
4
65
63
2
10
8
Brak-amen (railroad)............. ............. ............
148
148
138
138
9
9
Deliverymen .•••••••••••••••••••••••• .... •••••••••••••••..
156
156
106
106
50
50
Dressmakers and milliners ••••••••••••••••.•••••••••••• ,.,
1,086
6
1,080
1,034
6
1,028
47
47
File r s , gr inders, buffers, and pol ishe rs (metal) •• ,., . ...
71
69
2
68
66
2
3
3
Furnacemen , heaters, smeltermen, etc. (mote.l working)....
25
25
23
23
2
2
Guard s , watchmen , and doo rkee pers (except railroad)..... .
105
105
100
1 00
5
5
Handi c raft wor kers: textile , wood , leather, metal, etc...
5
5
4
4
1
1
I nsid e workers : mines.. . ... ... ............ ........ . ......
5, 698
5, 898
5, 597
6,597
273
273
lll
112
113
114
Operatives (n.o . c.) in mfg. and allied industries ••••••••
Che mical and allied industries, ••••••••••••••••••••••••
Cigar, cigarette, B!ld tobacco factories , .............. .
Clay, g lass , and s tone industries .••..........•...••.••
3, 929
49
697
85
2,137
36
253
82
1,792
13
444
3
3,405
47
377
77
1,905
34
133
74
1,500
13
508
244
3
318
222
2
119
8
8
115
116
117
118
Cloth ing industries ••• • ••••• •. ••••••••• •.•••••. .•••• ,.,
Shirt., collar and cuff fa ctories, ••••• • ••••••••••.•••
Su i t , coa t , and d re ss f a ctories •••••••• •••••••• ••••• ,
Clothing industries (n. e . c.)., •••••••••••••••••••••••
395
1 34
96
163
46
349
125
82
142
386
129
95
162
42
344
8
121
81
142
119
ElP-0tr:i c 1 i,;ht &r..d powe!" plants . ........... ....... .... .. .
120
121
122
123
Food and beve r age industries ...... •..•..• ... ........• ••
Bake r ies ..••••••••••........••. . .•••.......•..••••.••
SJ au ghte r and meat packing houso s ••••••• , •• • • .•••••• ,
Food and beverage industries (n. e .c, ) •••••• •··••···••
374
23
50
301
144
17
33
94
230
323
19
36
268
127
13
25
89
124
Iron ond stee l, machinery, rued vehicle indus trie s ••••••
Aut omobil19 factories •.••..••.•.•.....• •. .••....•••••.
Automobi l e repair shops .............. .. .. .... .... .... .
Blast furnaces and steel rolling rn.ills ••.•••••. , •• , ••
Cs.r a..-:d railroad shops •••••••• , •••••• ••••• , ....... ,,,
I r on and steel, machinery, & vehicle ind ' s (n.e,,, ,) ••
572
142
561
140
126
127
128
129
11
549
139
9
49
158
194
538
1 37
11
130
131
132
133
134
Laundries and dry cleaning establishments •••••••• ••• , ••
Lumber 8.!ld furniture industries •....•.••...•.•.•..••• ••
Metal industr ie s ( e xce pt iron and steel) •••••••••••••••
Pnper , print !.ng, and a l lied i ndu st ries ..•...........•••
Shoe fact ories ................ , .................... ... .
265
61
87
156
135
136
137
138
Textile indu stries ...•..•••.....................••.• •••
Cott on mi 11 .s ••.••..••••••••.••.•• ••..••• . •• •••...••••
Woole n and worste d mills ............. , ............ ,.,
Te xtile i ndustries (n . e . c ,),, •.•••••..••.. • ••.• , •••• ,
139
125
281
63
17
2,100
54
277
56
160
203
281
63
17
2,100
54
277
9
16
21
244
56
17
1 , 854
53
204
6
17
207
11
2
54
160
196
244
56
17
1, 854
53
204
14
20
1 96
37
7
37
7
238
1
70
238
1
70
2
4
4
6
3
16
3
ll
179
14
33
8
5
11
19
50
19
3
3
2
5
9
47
158
187
165
48
33
59
54
33
58
370
74
17
279
105
27
72
266
48
11
207
72
265
47
11
207
147
114
249
135
114
72
71
112
103
461
6
28
2
5
213
51
371
75
17
279
105
27
11isc . and not spe cified manufactur ing indust ri es •••••• ,
261
140
141
14 2
143
Painte r s , varnis he rs, en= lers, etc . (factory) •• ·•••••••
Switchmen, flagmen , and yard.'llen (railroad) ...... , ••••• , ••
Taxicab drive r s , bu ::. drivers, and chauffr,urs ••.••..••••••
Other semiskilled wo r kers in mfg. and other industries •••
75
115
209
593
74
115
195
565
144
UN SKI Ll.ED LA,')ORERS (EXCEPT IN AGRI CULTURE) ••••••• , •••• •1---=1=4~5=4=2-+--=1=4.._,.4'=1=1-+----'1=3=1-+-~11~7.,.'9~9,..___.ll.....,6=8~7-+---'1=1=2-+----"'2.LC
. 6=9c=.3-+----"2.LC6"-'7_,,4--+----=l:.::9_
L"bor0 rs in manufacturi,,g and allied industries.. ........
2,100
1,993
107
1,827
1,736
91
263
247
16
Clay, gla s s, and stone industries ..................... ,
432
429
390
388
2
40
39
1
Irou and stee l, machine ry, and vehicle industrie s ......
389
388
1
316
315
1
70
70
Lumbe r and :!'urni t ure · industr les, .•••••••••.•.••••• , • • • •
627
605
22
596
574
22
30
30
Other l:lll.llufactu ring imd all i ed indu stries..............
652
571
81
525
459
66
123
108
15
145
146
147
148
149
54
456
53
34
72
481
55
54
99
532
219
504
59
87
156
286
199
6
6
112
14
28
117
481
96
6
63
26
17
46
23
2
3
11
11
6
s
14
20
3
3
3
89
108
89
100
1 50
151
1 52
153
154
155
156
157
158
159
160
16 1
Labor0rs exce pt in mfg. alld allied industries .•••••••••• ,
I-!in~s , quarri'3s , and oi l and gas we lls ........ ,. ........ .
Odd jobs (gene ral ) ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• • •••
R!lilroads (steam and street ) ............. ••••••··••·•••
Roads , st reets, and sewe rs •.••••••••••••••...••....• •••
Sto r es ( including po rters in stores) •••.•••••••••••••••
Labore r s and he lpers (n . e,c . ) in bldg . and const ...... .
Longshoremen and stevedores . . ............ ...... ..... . . .
Lumbe rmen , raft s.men, ru1d woodchoppers •..••.•.•....••.••
162
i63
164
165
166
167
168
169
1 70
171
172
173
174
175
DOl1ES'flC Af!D PE..'lSOllAL SERViCE WORKERS •••••.••••••••••• •1-_..,_7..,6.:..:.7""
9-+----=-l..,S""'ill.,.__+---"'6.._,'.-l"""'"R-+--"'4.._,0,..>8"'6- + - - - '5""5-"'-9+--""'3.._,5""';2..._'7-+----"'
3.._,
. 5e.,7.:l---+---7~4,,,8---+--!:2:.1.-8~2<!:3~
Barber and be auty shop workers ••••••••••••••••• , ........ ,
137
128
9
112
107
5
23
19
4
Bootblacks ••••••• , .............................. , ••••• ,.,
38
38
3
3
35
35
Clear. e rs and charwome n •••• , ............... , •••• •••• • ,....
346
21
325
160
8
152
186
13
173
Cooks !llld chefs (except in pr i vate fe.mi l y) •••••••.••••• .,
5 30
235
295
291
110
181
238
124
114
Elevato r ope rato r s ••• •. ••• ••••• ••••••••••• , •••••••••• ,...
32
28
4
20
20
12
8
4
J an i to rs, caro take rs, and sextons •• • , • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •
273
256
17
101
91
10
172
165
7
708
Lo.und r esse s (not in laundry) .............................
1,388
15
1,373
664
8
656
715
7
Porte r s (except in stores) ...............................
161
161
13
13
148
148
Practical nurses, hospital attendants , a:1d orde rlies .....
253
14
239
221
12
209
29
1
28
Servants ( hote l s , boa;ding houses, etc . ) (n. a.c . ) .. ... •••
1 95
70
125
107
34
73
88
36
52
1,573
Servants (privnt e family),., ............ ••••···••··•·•·••
3,240
86
3,154
1,595
18
1,577
1 , 641
68
Waiters, waitr esses, and bartenders ......................
359
121
238
301
74
227
58
47
11
Other doroostic and personal sr, r vice wo rkers •.•••••••• ,...
727
138
589
498
61
437
226
77
149
Street cle ane r s , garbage men, a.n tl scaV"Jngo rs ........... .
Teamste r s and d raymen • •••••• ••••••••• ••••••••••••• •••• ,
Othe r laborers, except mfg. and allied ind' s (n . e .c.) ••
12,4?2
1 , 4 64
4 , 257
1,559
2,409
285
1,522
12,418
1,464
4,241
1,559
2,409
282
1,522
8
8
192
42
336
368
192
42
336
363
24
16
9 ,972
1,341
3 , 6 21
1 ,245
1,822
148
1,041
6
187
22
267
272
9 ,951
1,341
3 , 606
1,245
1, 822
146
1, 041
6
1 87
22
267
26 5
21
15
2 , 430
117
624
303
582
137
477
2,427
117
623
303
582
136
477
2
5
2
5
19
68
96
19
68
95
176
177
178
179
Farmers •• , ..... , •••• , ............ , •• ,., •••••.• , •• ,., .• ,.,
180
181
182
I NEXFE!llENCED PERSONS •••••••••••••• , •••••••••••••••• , •• _ _3_6~4.;;;.l~
l-+--~9....1~6_9-+-~2_7..._2~4=2-+-~3=
4 ....1=1~9-+_~
8 ....5~7~6-+-~2~5.....5"""4~3-+-~2._
.1=1=
8-+_ _ _5c..c5.ccl--+---'1.._5'-6_7_
Per sons 16- 24 years of age (inclusi,re), •• , ....... .... , •• ,
21,780
8 ,5 30
13,250
20,448
7,980
12,468
1,236
511
725
Pe rs ons 25 yenrs of age and ov,,r, .. ............... , •• ·•••
14,631
639
13,992
13,671
596
13,075
882
40
842
183
FARM OPERATORS AJ!D U BORERS •• , ••••••• , • ., ••••••••.••• , •t---=
5-"2 ''-'4'-'-8.;;,.
3 -+---'5""1,:..;8;..;;8-"0 - + - - - '6;..;;
,0.;;;.3-+-..;;5.;;;.
0"'
.l;.::4;.::.2-+- _..;;4.;;,.9..._5""6"""9-+---'5'-'7-"-3-+---=-2'-'
,1::.:2:..:.9---+_--=.2.<.:,l::.:0:..:.0---+----=2:..:.9_
Fe.rm foremen, managers , and overseers •. , •• , .... ,... .... . .
Fann laborers .......................... . .. .......... .....
UNKNOWN OCCUPATION ••••••••••••• •• • , ••••••••••••••• ,.,,
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
21
1 9,550
32, 91 2
21
17
1 9,330
32 , 533
15
4
220
379
21
17,963
32,158
16
17
17 , 769
31,783
11
4
194
375
1 , 507
622
1,481
619
4
26
3
WORKERS ON RELIEF-LOUISIANA
64
TABLE I-WORKERS' ON RELIEF, BY USUAL OCCUPATION, COLOR, AND SEX, FOR THE STATE:4 MARCH 1935
TOTAL 2
WHITE
NEGRO
USUAL OCCUPATION
TOTAL
TOTAL .•••••• ••••••• • • • ••••••.
Ac:~?.~::~~~ - ~~ •
79 ,425
FEMALE
l1ALE
47, 612
TOTAL
31 , 813
F:EHALE
MALE
35 ,1 41
22 , 901
TOTAL
12,240
10
ll
12
13
14
15
16
17
11
3
6
40
3
28
96
5
2
MO
1
18
19
20
Teachers • • •• • •••••••• • •••• •••• •.•• .••.•••• . •••••••••••••••
College instruct o r s and pr ofessor s ••••••••• - .•••••• • •. • •
Primary and secondary school, and tee.chars (n . e. c. H ••• •
371
9
57
5
4
4
3
362
52
31 0
191
4
1
2
43
142
10
6
28
94
6
9
ll5
1 28
4
10
3
5
14
3
27
94
5
2
%
1
4
5
2
6
16
1
26
1
26
30
127
95
15
1
83
314
195
163
1
1 62
175
29
171
24
1
23
17
16
17
16
32
21
Othe r pr ofessional workers •.••••••• •.•••.. ••••••••• •• •• •••
27
15
12
26
15
11
other semiprofe s s i onal worker s ••••••••• •.•• •••..••••••• . ••
Abstracters , n otaries , and j ustices of peace •••• • ••• • ,,
Technicians and laboratory assistants ••••••••••.••••••••
Semipr ofessional workers (n. e . c.) ••••••••••••.• • ••••••••
1 20
1
17
102
1 02
1
11
90
18
102
l
17
84
85
l
11
73
17
26
27
28
PROPRIETORS, MANAGERS, AND OFFICIALS (EXCEPT AGRIC . ) •.•• --=l~l-8~3- - ~ l . ~0=7~9Building c ontractors... . .. . . . ........... ... .... .. . ........
68
68
Foresters, forest rangers , and timber cruisers .. ...... ....
7
7
Hucksters , pedd lers, and junk and rag dealers ....... . .....
383
357
Trucking , transfer and cab companie s , and ge.rages .........
19
19
Retail deale r s and managers (n.e.c. ) . . . •• • • • • • • •• • • •• • • • • .
289
263
Other proprietors, manage rs, and of'ficials ................
417
365
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
46
46
47
48
49
50
51
62
63
64
66
66
67
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
66
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
1 9, 435
12
15
12
22
23
24
25
33
34
35
36
37
24, 469
r---=-l--=la,;~:::.!-+---...;5:..:7-:'
; -+---...;5:;.,;~c ;:.i-+----7'-::iC:'
~- + - - - -4.=.:C:.::::- + - - - -3:;:.;~:.::i- +----=343
;:::l-+----=:15:;.,;i'-+-----=-18:a:...4:-._
11
7
7
42
3
29
96
6
9
2D
143
5
14
12
30
31
32
43 , 904
~:1: 1: ~~•~~~~~~:::::: ::::::::::::::::
Ar chitects .. ... .. .......... . •.. ., . ....•..... ..... ..........
Artists, sculptors, e.nd teachers of art •.•.• • . •• •• • •••••••
Chemists, assaye r s , and metallurgi sts ••••• • •••••••• ••••.•.
Clergymen and r eligious workers ••••.•••• • • • ••••••••• ••••••
Des i gners .. ........................ . .......... . ....... . ... .
Draftsmen •• •...•.... •. .••..••• ..•. . • • •. ........•.... .. •..•
Engineers ( technical) ••• ••• ..••• .••••••••••• • •• •••••••••••
Lawyers , judges , and justices •••• ••• •••••••••••••••••• • •••
Librarians and librarians' assistants • • •••••••••••••••••••
Musicians and teachers of music ...... ... ....... .... .. .. .. .·
Nurses (traine d or r e giste red) ••••.•••••••••••••••••..••••
Physicians, surgeona, and dent ists •••••••••••• • • ••••• ••.••
Playground and r ecreational worke r s ••••••.••••••. . •••••• • •
Reporters , editors, and journalists .• -······ · ·•·••••· • ·• .•
is
FEl1ALE
!1ALE
6
12
4
151
3
148
6
11
_ _ _1=0-4- - + - - ~
84=2- - t - - - ~
76~7- + - - -7-5'- + - - ~
3 3~3- - t - -~ 3=
0 6, - - + - - - ~
27~
59
59
9
9
7
7
11
253
239
14
26
1 25
114
4
4
15
15
26
269
248
21
18
14
4
52
367
324
40
9
43
49
OFFICE WORKERS •••• ••• ••••• .•. •. •.••• • ••••••• •••• • ••••••• _ _ _2.._3.,..3,...,6-;-_ _l.._.3,_,9,,,6-+-_ _ _.9..,4=
0 - + - - -2.....,,_19c,-.,l- +--l.....,,_
2 9,..,6- + - - 89,.,5-+---13....,2,-+_ _ _...,
93,--+_ _ _-'-39,-Bookkeepers, accountants, and auditors . .. • • . . • . • • • • • • • • . • •
299
21 2
87
292
209
83
3
1
2
~~=~t:rcn!:~::r~.:~.~~:::::::::::::::::'.::::::::::::::::
Messengers and office boys,...............................
Office machine operators,.................................
Office managers and bank tellers . .. ..... .. .... .. ..........
Stenographers, stenotypists, and dictaphone operators. ....
Telegraph and rad io ope rators.............................
Telephone ope rators ••• -....................................
Typists •••••• , ............. . . . ... , ..... .. ........... ,.... .
othe r clerical and allied wo r kers ......... .... ... . .. . .... .
s~i
201
30
28
335
65
127
12 6
1 02
7i;
1 99
13
26
40
61
6
11
98
2;~
2
17
2
295
4
121
115
4
8~~
184
28
26
320
65
1 25
120
83
6!~
182
11
24
40
61
6
10
80
2i~
2
17
2
280
4
119
110
3
1i
16
2
2
12
54
16
2
2
1~
12
1
6
18
1
17
SAIESMEN AND KINDRED WORKERS • • •••••••••••.•••.•••••••••• • _ _-'2~ 4=1~7- - ~ 1 ~5-1=2- ; - - - -9~0=5- + - - ~2.._1=3~7-+_ _1"'---.
27- ' 7 - + - - ~
86=0- + - - ~
26~5- - t - - --~2~
2 6' - - t - - - ~
39~
Canvassers ( solicitors ,
77
45
32
71
43
28
4
Commercial trave le r s. ......... . ..... . .....................
16
15
1
15
14
1
llewsboys ••••••••• ••••••••••• · . .... .. • .. • • •• • • • •• •. ••• • • • • •
1 79
176
3
127
1 25
2
50
49
1
Real estate agents and insurance agents •••••••••••••••••• ,
1 80
155
25
121
104
17
57
50
7
70
47
Sale sme n and saleswomen (retail stores) •••• •••• •·••••·••••
1,477
698
779
1,399
648
751
23
Othe r sales persons and kind red worke r s ••••• • •••••• , ......
488
423
65
404
343
61
82
4
78
any)....... ....... ......... .......
SKILIED WORKERS AND FOREMEN IN BLllG. AND CONSTRUCTION . ·•• ..,__...6.._00
=-=8-+---=6.&.00=.=8- + - - - - + - - - =3"'-"948=-+---=3"'-"94:.:8- + - - - - 4 - - - =2'-'-"03=-=2"--+----'2:..a.;:,
03
::.:2=-4_ _ _ __
Blacksmiths •••••••••• ,.................. . .................
165
165
115
115
50
50
Boilennakers •••••••••• ,, . ,.,. . .......... . ... .. ............
1 86
1 86
176
176
9
9
Brickl ayers and stonemasons ................. . . .... ........
270
270
63
63
206
206
Carpente rs ................ ..... ............ .... , ... •••, •• ,
2,022
2, 022
1,464
1,464
554
554
Cement fin ishers ..................... , ................... ,
300
300
42
42
255
255
Electricians •••••••••• ,., ••••••• ,.,., • • ,, ••• ,, ., ••••• ,....
1 68
168
1 67
167
1
1
Foremen: construction (except road) •. ,.,..................
83
83
72
72
11
11
Foremen: road end str eet construction... • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •
65
65
61
61
4
4
Operators or enginee r s : stat'y and port. constr . equip't ..
516
51 6
41 7
417
94
94
Painters (not in factory) •••••••••••.. •••·••••••·"•••....
1, 070
1, 070
782
782
28 4
284
Paper hangers , .......................... ,. .. ..... ... . . . ...
48
48
32
32
16
16
Plasterers .... ... ......... .... .... . ............... ,.......
337
337
25
25
307
30 7
Plumbers , gas end s te am fitte r s ......... . ...... , .. ... ,....
381
381
327
3 27
53
53
Roofers •••••• •• ••••••••••••••••••• ,.......................
1 60
1 60
54
54
104
1 04
She et metal workers...... . ..... . ..........................
24
24
21
21
3
3
Stonecutters and carvers..................................
7
5
5
2
2
Structural iron and steel workers ••••• . .••••• ,............
73
73
63
63
9
9
Setters: marble, stone, end tile..........................
40
40
20
20
20
20
Other skilled workers ir. building and construction. ,... ...
93
93
42
42
50
50
86
86
87
SKILLED WORKERS AND FOREMEN IN ffi' G. & OTHER IIIDUSTRIE S •• i---~
2.._.7__5__4-+----=2.._7__1__4- + - - ~40
~+---=2.._.1=8=1-+----=2_._.1=45=-+----3-=6- + - - ~
56'-'4- + - - ~
56'-'0- t - - - - 4 ~
58
58
50
50
6
6
75
75
47
47
28
28
Conductors: steam end street railroads, and buses ••• ,, •• ,.
64
64
63
63
l
1
Foremen (in factories) ••••••· ·• ••• · ••··••····•· • ···.......
152
133
19
1 35
117
18
17
16
Foremen and inspector s ( e xcept in factories )..............
270
261
9
236
227
9
31
31
Locomotive engineers and fi r emen ••••• ••• , •• • • •••••••••••• ,
259
259
1 92
192
67
67
Machinists, millwrights, and t oolmakers,. ... . .............
25 0
250
227
227
22
22
Mechanics (n.e.c.) . ................ ... ....................
662
662
533
533
128
1 28
Holders, founders, and casters (metal ) ....................
32
32
23
23
8
8
Sawyers ........ .. ................ . .... . ,..................
486
486
313
313
172
172
Skilled workers in printing end e n g r aving •••••• , ••• ,......
69
67
65
63
2
4
4
Tailors end furriers.......................... . . ...... ... .
28
21
18
14
4
10
7
Tinsmiths and coppersmiths ••• •• • , •• • .................. , •• •
77
77
68
68
9
9
Metal workers (except gold and silver) (n .e.c. ) ••••• •· • · ••
4
4
3
3
1
1
Skilled workers in mfg, and othe r industries (n.e.c . ) .....
26 8
265
208
205
60
60
88
89
90
91
SEMISKILLED WORKERS IN BUILlJING AND CONSTRUCTION ••••••• •i--_ _4.._1_8_1_ _ _4.._1_ 8_ 1 - + - - - - + - - -G.._,._
0 4_7-+_ _2_._
04_7- + - - - - - t - - -2~.•_10_ 7- t_ _2_ 10_ 7_ _ __ __
Apprentices in building and construction, •••• , ., •• •••• ,...
10
10
5
5
Asphalt workers • • , ••••• , •• , ............. ,., ••••••••••• •·•••
7
7
Blasters (except in mines) ......... .. . , • •• , . . .... • ,., • • ,.•
26
26
19
19
76
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
Cabinetmakers..................................... . .......
Cobblers and shoe repairmen., •• ,........... ................
92
Caisson workers ••••• •• ••• •••• •••• • ..•.••••••••• • ••••••••.•
93
94
Calk:ers ••• , ••••• , •••••• , •••••••••••••• • ••••••••• ,. • ••••• • •
Firemen ( e xoe pt locomotive and fire department) •••••• , ....
24
539
24
539
10
228
10
228
14
30 6
2 I n cludes white, Negro, other, and unknown color or race,
linoludes workers 16 through 64 years of age.
'Not elsewhere classified.
'Cameron Parish either did not participate in the general relief progra11 in Hareh 1935 or had no relief eases with workers,
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
14
106
65
OCCUPATION
TABLE I-WORKERS ON RELIEF, BY USUAL OCCUPATION, COLOR, AND SEX, FOR THE STATE: MARCH 1935- Continued
TOTAL
WH.I TE
NEGRO
USUAL OCCUPATION
TOTAL
-
95
96
97
98
99
100
SEMI SKILLED WORKERS IN BLDG. AND CONSTRUCT ION
Cont .
Operat o r s of bu ilding and cons t ruction e quipment . • •• • • •••
Pi pe layer s • •••.• •• ••• •• •• ••• •• •••••• •• .• • • • •• • •• • • •••••• •
Rodmen and chainme n (surveying) •••• ••••••••• • . •• .••• •• • ••
Tru ck and t racto r d rivers •• .•. .. •.. .• •. • ••. . . • . ... . . .. .••
Wel ders •• • •• • • •• •••••••• • •• • •• •• • •• •• • • • ••• .•. ••••• •• • •• •
Other s e mis k ille d wor ke r s in building and construction .. .
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
!1ALE
FEMALE
TOTAL
!1ALE
FEt!ALE
21 9
10 1
6
1 , 11 5
6
321
5 1 38
50
46
992
321
12
1
45
3
3
3 . 580
47
46
992
2
12
1
45
1
1 . 5 58
3
1, 285
11
87
2 , 71 6
87
85
59
1 , 457
82
20
54
1 , 219
5
65
5
23 7
17
119
101
299
31
1 24
1 44
37
18
19
26 2
31
10 6
1 25
235
48
9
178
441
47
34
360
2 47
42
29
176
194
5
5
1 84
67
2
12
6
16
31
67
2
12
6
16
31
141
33
22
44
3
80 4
36 2
6
53
7
29 8
35 6
4
40
506
10 6
30
2
74
41
16
104
19
43
1 , 184
40
395
3 69 4
10 4
52
411
6
66
2
1 79
1 772
4
739
1
5 466
108
52
411
423
67
2
180
11
8
3, 046
141
31
80
2, 520
16
153
5
2, 81 6
69
98
26
1 , 531
58
11
26
55
5 08
49
231
228
255
17
124
11 4
18
10
10
4 30
55 3
108
33
412
318
60
24
234
179
43
13
10
81
32
179
43
13
10
81
32
32 3
1 21
49
2, 31 6
47
71 9
SEMISKI LLED WORKERS I N MFG . AND OTIIER I NDUSTRIES . • . •• • •
Bake r s • •• • . •• • • • . • • • •• • • • • . ••• • ••• • •• • • • ••• .•• •• . • ••• ••• •
Brake me n (railroad ) • •• • •••••• • •• • • •• • • •• •• . . .••. • .••• . • • •
Deliverymen • • • •. • •• •• • • •• ••• •• • • • . •• • • • • • • , •• • •• • •• • ••• • •
Dressmakers and milliners • .• • • ••• • .•• •.. ... • . • •• •••••••••
File r s , gr inders, buffers, and pol i she rs (me tal) •• •••••••
Furnac emen, he a t e r s , smeltennen~ etc. (metal working) ••••
Guard s , watchmen, and doorkee pers (except rai lroad) •. ••••
Handi c ra ft wor kers: textile , wood , leather, metal, etc • • •
I ns i cle workers: mines •• •. ••• ••••• • • •• • •• • •• •. • •• •• ••• • • ••
10 . 659
158
98
1 , 405
747
79
3 350
7
22 8
15
11
7 . 30 9
15 1
98
1 , 405
8
78
3
227
10
11
111
112
113
114
Operat i ves (n . e. c . ) in mfg . and a ll ied industr ies •• •• •• ••
Che mi cal and a l lied industries • • . . •• •• .•••••• • • • ••••. ••
Cigar, cigarette , and t oba cco factories ••• • ••••• • ••• • ••
Clay , g lass , and s t one i ndust r ies • • • ••••• • • • •• • •••• •• ••
5 , 5 66
1 57
184
85
11 5
116
11 7
118
Cloth ing indu s tries • •••••••• •••• •• • • • • • . • .• • • • •. •••••••
Shirt, collar and cuff fa cto r ies ••• • • • ••• • • • • •••• . • ••
Suit , coat , and d r e s s f a cto r ie s •• •• •••••••• • • • •••• •• •
Clothing indust r ies ( n . e . c . ) • • • • • ••• •• •• ••• • •• •••• •.••
563
49
254
260
23
32
5
13
FEMALE
!1ALE
21 9
101
6
1 , 115
6
321
104
19
43
1 , 184
40
395
323
121
49
2, 31 6
47
719
TOTAL
41 7
1
31 9
119
Ele ctri c li ght a.'ld powe r p lan.ts , •••••.•• • •••• •• • •• •••••
11
11
1 20
121
1 22
123
Foo d and beve rage industries • ••• • •• • • • ••• •• • ••• ••••••••
Bake r ies •.• •••••••• • •• • ••••• • ••••• • •••••••••••• • ••.••
Sl aughte r e.nd meat packing h ouse s • •• •• •• . •••• ••• •••••
Food and be ve rage industrie s ( n . e . c . ) •••• • • • • •• • • • •••
1 , 001
155
68
778
571
1 02
54
415
1 24
125
126
1 27
128
1 29
Iron and steel , machin e ry , a nd veh icle i n dust r ies • . • • ••
Automob i l e fac t or i e s •••••••• • • • ••• • ••••. •• • •• ••• • ••••
Aut omobi l e r epair sho ps • • •••••• ••• •• • • • •• ••• ••• •• ••••
Bl a st furna ces a nd s tee l rol l i ng mill s ••• ••• • • • • ••• • •
Car and rai lroad s ho ps •• • •••••• • •• • • ••• • •• • •• •• ••• •••
I r on and s tee l , machine ry, & vehi c l e ind ' s (n . e . c .) ••
247
45
25
16
97
64
247
45
25
16
97
64
130
131
132
133
134
Lau n d r ies and d ry c l ean i n g e stablishment s • •••• • • • ••••••
Lumbe r and fu rniture i n dustr i e s •••••••••••• • ••• • •••••••
Metal i ndu st r ies ( e x cept i r on and s teelJ ... •.. .... •••••
Pape r, pr inting , and allie d i n du str i es • • ••• • •• • ••••••••
Shoe f a ct or ie s •••••••••••••••••••• • •• •• ••. • ••••••• • • • ••
989
897
62
204
20
338
85 8
38
147
17
651
39
24
57
3
179
532
56
15 1
13
38
499
34
107
135
136
137
138
Te xtile indust r ie s ••••••••••• • ••••••••• • •••• • ••••••••••
Cotton mill s • •• • • •••••• • ••• • •• • ••• ••• • • •• • •• • • •••• •••
Woo len and wo r s ted mi lls •• • •••••••••••• • • • •••••••••••
Te x t i l e i n dus t r i e s (n .e . c . ) •••••••••.•••• • ••· • •• •• •••
501
202
3
296
1 32
67
393
171
l
221
90
50
65
369
135
3
231
40
303
1 21
1
1 81
25
65
14
2
49
139
Misc . and not spe cified manufa ctu r ing industr ie s •••••••
645
380
265
302
1 33
1 69
339
243
96
140
141
142
143
Pa inte r s , va rnishe rs , e n wne l e r s , e tc. (fa cto ry ) ••••••••••
Swi tchmen, f l agmen , and yar dmen ( r ailroad ) •.....•. ... •.••
Taxicab drive r s , bu s drive r s , and chauffeurs •••••••• • ••••
Othe r s e mi s ki lled wo r ke r s in mfg. and other indust r i e s •••
98
171
558
1 , 522
95
171
557
1 , 449
1
73
85
141
161
1 , 001
84
141
160
942
1
59
13
29
396
511
11
29
396
498
13
144
145
146
147
148
149
UNSKILLED LABORERS (EXCEPT IN AGRIC ULTURE) •••.••• • •••••
Labore r s i n manufactu r ing and a ll i e d indu s tries • • • • • • ••• •
Cl ay , gla s s , and s t one indu st r i es • •••• • • • • •• • ••• • ••• •••
Iron and steel, machine ry , and vehi c le indu strie s •• •.••
Lumber and f urni t u re i n du stries • ••• ••••••. •••••• • • •• • ••
Other manufa cturing and a ll ie d indust r i es • • • • ••••• • ••••
15 421
3, 683
1 39
86
1 , 907
l , fi5 1
15 333
3, 62 1
139
85
1 , 904
1 , 493
88
62
4 383
1 , 11 6
12
30
660
414
4 337
1 , 081
12
29
65 8
382
46
35
10 965
2, 549
127
55
1 , 233
1 , 134
10 923
2, 522
127
55
1 , 232
1 , 108
42
27
1 50
151
152
153
154
1 55
156
1 57
1 58
159
160
16 1
La.bo r e r s except i n mfg . and a ll ie d indu s tries .•• • • • ••••••
Mines , quar r ies , and o il and ga s we lls • • • •• • • • • • • •• ••••
Odd jobs (general ) ••••••••• • •••••••• •••• • • •••• •• ••••• ••
Railroa ds (steam and stre et ) • •• ••• • ••••••• • ••••••••••••
Roads , st r eet s , and sewe r s •••••••• • •••••••• •• •••• • •••••
St o r es ( including porte r s in s to r es ) ••••••• • •••••• ••• ••
Laborers and helper s (n.e. c . ) in bld g. and c onst ••• • •••
Longshor emen and ste ve dor es • • •••••••••••••• • •••••••••••
Lumbe rmen , raf tsmen, and woo<l.cho ppe r s •••• • •••••• • • • • • ••
St r eet c l eane r s, garbage me n , and. s c ave n ge r s •• • •• . •••••
Teamste r s and d r ayme n ••• • ••••••• • , •••••••••••••• • ••••••
Othe r l aborer s , except mf g . and all ied ind ' s ( n . e . c . ) ••
ll , 738
223
1 , 055
1 , 466
953
1 , 051
1 , 964
2, 291
805
11 , 712
223
1, 048
1 , 466
953
1 , 0 37
1 , 964
2 , 291
805
26
65
559
1, 301
8 , 41 6
42
562
1 , 258
637
929
1, 453
1; 939
322
29
354
891
8 , 401
42
559
1 , 258
637
91 9
1 , 453
1, 939
322
29
354
889
16
65
3,256
1 81
483
20 3
310
118
501
341
475
35
2CS
406
11
559
1 , 30 6
3, 267
181
48 7
203
310
122
5 01
341
475
35
203
409
16 2
163
164
165
166
16 7
168
169
170
171
172
173
174
175
DOMESTIC AND PERSONAL SERVICE WORKERS • • • •• •• • ••• • • ••• • •
Ba r ber and be auty s ho p wo r ke r s •• • •••••••••••••••••• •• ••••
Bootb lacks • • • ••• • •••••••• • ••• • •••••• • •• • •••••• • •• • • •• ••••
Cl e!l!le r s and chantome n •••••••• •• ••••••••••••••••• • •••••••
Cooks and chefs (except i n pr ivate fami l y) ••••• • • • • • •• •••
El evator o:E)6 r a.to r s ••••• • ••••• • • •••• •• • •••••• • •••••• •• ••••
Janito r s , car eta.ke r s , and s e xt on s • • • ••••••• •• • ••• ••••••••
La.und r esses (not i n l aund ry ) ••••••• • ••••••••• •••• ••••••••
Porte r s (except in stor e s ) •••• • • • ••••• • • • • •• • ••••• • • •.•••
Pr a ctic al nu r ses , hospita l a t t endants , and orde r lies • • •• •
Se r vants (hote l s, b oa r di n g hou s es , e t c . ) (n. e . c . ) •• . . . •••
Servants (priva t e f ami l y) ••••• • •••• • •• •• ••••• • •• ·• • • · ••••
Waite r s , wait r e sse s, and bartend.e r s • • .•••••• . • • •• •• ••••••
Othe r domestic a nd personal se r v ice wo r kers •••••••• •• ••••
16 712
21 3
86
176
623
75
373
4, 492
804
2 21
518
7, 146
781
1 , 20 1
3 309
11 7
83
16
37 9
60
307
31
794
37
1 62
105
310
906
13 403
96
3
158
244
15
66
4, 461
10
184
35 6
7, 041
471
298
1 8 51
1:)6
1 245
28
38
1 29
47
67
15 9
16
132
101
256
545
25 2
606
78
3
6
94
36
36
2
14
17
14 799
105
83
1 38
6
169
105
27
304
.4, 317
785
88
413
6 , 872
23 4
949
2 682
37
80
12
276
23
269
29
777
20
1 21
98
1 41
799
1 2 117
68
3
1 2~
208
4
35
4, 288
8
58
292
6, 774
93
150
176
177
178
1 79
FARM OPERATORS AND LABORERS •• •• •• •• ••••• •• • • •••• ••• •• • •
Fan:i f or eme n, manage r s, and ov e rse er s • . • •• •• •• ••• • •••••••
Fe.rm labore r s • • ••••••••••••• •• ••• • • • ••••• • ••••• •• •• • •••••
Farmers •...• . •.•.....•. . .• . .•••.. . .....•. .. . . . . . . . . .. .. .•
2 359
31
1 ,756
570
2 207
31
1 , 618
558
15 2
140
12
1 . 202
29
758
415
l 1 81
29
7 41
411
l 1 42
1
989
15 2
1 . 0 11
1
866
1 44
1 23
8
180
181
18 2
INEXPERIENCED PERSONS •••••••• • ••••••• • •• •• ••• • •••• • ••••
Pe r sons 16- 24 ye ars of a ge ( inclus ive) • • •••• •• ••••••••• ••
Pe r sons 25 year s o f age a.n.d ove r • . •••••••••• •• •••••••••••
1 3 670
5 , 49 6
8 ,17 4
l 732
1 , 638
94
11 938
3, 858
8 , 080
7 716
2, 823
4, 893
l 005
947
58
6 711
1 , 876
4, 835
5 891
2, 6 49
3 , 2 42
722
687
35
5 1 69
1, 9 62
3, 20 7
183
UNKNOWN OCCUPATION•••• ·•••••••• ••• •••••••••••••••••••••
584
260
324
387
190
1 97
193
68
1 25
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
53
14
363
58
14
10
40
1
2
32
32
35
11
31
157
2
115
61
250
:576
1 47
21
17
484
13
l
26
10
131
66
WORKERS ON RELIEF-MAINE
TABLE 1-WORKERS' ON RELlEF, BY USUAL OCCUPATION, COLOR, AND SEX, FOR THE STATE: MARCH 1935
2
NEGRO
WRJ:TE
TOTAL
USUAL OOCUPilION
TOTAL •••••••••••• ••• •·••••••,
TOTAL
MALE
24,260
1 9 , 055
FfflALE
5,205
TOTAL
MALE
23,686
1 8, 608
FfflALE
5 , 078
TOTAL
32
FE1'1ALE
MALE
24
2
3
4
5
6
7
B
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
205
350
348
203
PROFESSIONAL AND TECHNICAL WORKERS ••••••••••••••••••• , • • 1-----="'-"'--+----=:::...,_l------"l'-"4"'-5
-+--..::::.::::...,_+-_.......:=-1----'l:;:
4.,c5-1-_ _ _-=-+----=--+----=-1
l
1
1
Aotors ••...•..•••••••••••.•.•.•.••••.. •• •...•... •• .•..• •,.
4
4
4
4
Architects ••••••••••••••••••••• •.• ••••• , •••••••••••••••••••
6
4
4
Artists, sculptors , and t eache r s of art •••••••••••••••••••
6
6
6
Chemist s , assayers, and metallurgists •••••••••••••••••••••
6
4
Clergymen and religious worker s •••••••• ••• ............... .
5
4
Designers, .........•••••..........•.•••• , .•.•.• , ••..•.••.•
Draftsmen •.••• ..••.. , .••.•.•.•..•...•......•••.••.•.•..•.•
9
9
9
9
Engineers (te chnical) ••••••••••••••••••••••••• , •••••••••••
52
50
52
50
Lawyers, judges, and justices •••••••••••••••••••••••••• , ••
2
2
2
2
l
Librarians fuld librarians' assi stants •••••••• •••• •••••••••
6
6
5
1
Musicians and teachers of music •••••••• •• ••••••••••• • • • , .-.125
80
45
124
79
45
29
1
28
29
Nurses (trained or registered) .......... •••• •••••••••••••••
1
28
Physicians, surgeons, and dentists •••••••••• •• ••••••••••••
Playground and r ecreational workers •••••••• , ••••••••••••••
Reporte rs, editors, and ~ournalists •• · ··•··•••• .......... .
18
19
20
Teachers •••• • •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••
College ins tructors and professors •••••••••.••••••••• •• •
Primary and seoondary school, and teachers (n.e.c.H ••••
21
Other professional workers •••••••••••••••••• .••••••••••••••
22
23
24
25
Other semiprofessional worker s ......................... ..
Abstracters, notaries., and justices of peace .......... ••
Techni cians and laboratory assistants •••••••••••••••••••
Semiprofes sional workers (n. e . c.) ••••••••••••.••••••••••
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
287
302
285
300
PROPRIETORS, MANAGERS, AJID OFFICIALS (EXCEPT AGRIC. ) •••• l-----";;=....-+----='--l----="15'--+--.......S!=.-4--_
_~~+----=-15~-1----=--4-----=--1----=-25
25
25
25
Build ing contractors ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••
6
6
6
Foresters, forest rangers, and timbe r cruisers ••••••••••••
34
33
34
33
Hucksters, pedd lers, and junk and rag de alers •••••••.•••••
6
6
6
6
Trucking, transfer and cab companies, and garages •••••••••
97
4
97
93
93
Retail dealers and managers (n.e.c.) •••••••••••••••••••.••
4
134
124
10
132
122
Other proprietors, managers, and officials •••••••••••..•••
10
33
34
3,5
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
655
365
651
363
OFFICE WORKERS ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• • 1-----"~-+----=.:--l----"
2':'90; :._+----""'--=--1---"""-"'"-+-------"
2"'88" - + - - - - " - - + - - - " - - + - - - - = - 94
40
94
Bookkeepers, accountants, and auditors....................
54
40
54
19
2
19
2
312
222
220
310
34
34
34
34
Messengers and office boys ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••
6
2
2
Office machine operators, •••••••••••••••••••••••••••.•••••
3
3
Office managers and bank t e lle r s ••••••••••••••••••••••••••
3
85
5
80
85
5
Stenographers, s t eno-typists , and d ictaphone operators •••••
80
12
10
2
12
10
2
Telegraph and rad io operators ••••••••••••••••••••••••••.••
32
2
30
31
2
29
Telephone operators •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••
4
16
12
4
15
Typists ••••••••• , •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••
11
42
41
42
41
Othe r clerical and allied workers ••••••••••••••••••.••••••
1
1
46
46
47
48
49
50
51
488
704
702
4 86
SALESMEN AND KINDRED WORKERS ••••••••• • ••• •••••• ••••••••• l----'-~-+--~:;:.-+----=
2~16:,....-+-----'-"-"--+----"'-"'~+-----"
2""1"-6 +----=---+----=-+-----=20
10
20
Canvassers ( s olicitors,
10
10
10
23
21
23
21
Commercial travele r s... ...................................
2
2
13
13
13
13
Newsboys ••••••••••••••••••••.•••••••• •••••.••••••.•••••••·•
35
34
Real estate agents and insurance agents •••••••••••••••••••
1
35
34
1
523
325
198
523
325
Salesmen and saleswomen (re tail sto r es ) •••••••••••••••••••
198
90
85
5
88
83
Other sales persons and kindred worke r s •••••••••.•••••••••
62
53
54
55
56
57
58
69
60
61
62
1,964
1,964
1 958
1 , 958
SKILIED WORKERS AND FOREMEN IN BLDG. AND CONSTRUCTION ••• l--___;:..,_:_;;,.;:...-+-...::..,c:.:;.:_+-----i--...::::.l.~"-+--:!..l..::.~-+---=--~---=---+----=--1----=-74
74
73
73
Bl a.cksmiths ••• •• •••••••••• , •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••
12
12
12
12
Boilermakers •.•••••• , •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••
121
121
1 21
121
Bri cklayers and stonemasons ...•.•.......................••
689
689
687
687
46
46
46
46
68
68
68
68
El ectricians •••••.•••••• • .•.••..•.•••..•.••••..•.••••..••.
35
35
34
34
Foremen: constn.ict ion (except road) •.•••••••••••••••••••••
45
45
45
45
Foremen: road and street construction •••••••••••••••••••••
126
126
125
125
Operators or engineers: stat'y and port. constr. equip't ••
535
535
535
535
Painters (not in factory) •••••••••• •..• •• • ••••••••••••••••
10
10
10
10
Pa:P5r hangers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
20
20
20
20
Plasterers •.•..•.........•.... •..... ..•........•..••... . ..
78
78
78
7□
Plumbers, gas and steam fitte rs •••••••••••••••• , ..••••••••
19
19
18
18
Roofers ••..••••.••••••••••.•.•.•. •.• .•••.•••••••..••••.•••
4
4
4
Sheet me tal workers •••••••••••••. • ••••••••••••••.•••••••••
31
31
31
31
Stonecutters and car ve rs •••••••• • •••••••••••••••••••••••••
20
20
20
20
Structural i ron and steel workers ••••• . .••••••••••••••••••
l
1
1
1
Setters: marble, stone , and ti le ••.••...•••••••••••...••••
30
30
30
30
other skilled workers in building and con struction •....•••
63
64
66
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
76
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
~~:~t:rcn::~~:r.. ~~. ~~~'.::::::: :: ::: :: ::::: :::::::::::::
72
1
71
12
1
11
26
3
23
60
72
12
1
60
1
60
71
11
60
25
25
24
23
3
22
2
22
~b
~b
any)..............................
6::~~t;~:;_;~;;;::: :: :·::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::
946
940
940
934
SKI LIED WORKERS AND FOREMEN IN MFG. cl: OTHER INDUSTRIES .• 1---......;;.."':::---+---~:--+-----"--+---"-"-''--+----""'-"--l---_,:'--+-----=--4----"---l----=-7
7
7
7
Cabinetmakers ••••••••••••••••••••••••••.••••••••••••••••••
32
32
32
32
Cobblers and shoe r u painnen •••• •• ••••• ••• ••••••••••• •• ••••
9
9
9
9
Conductors: steam and street railroads, and buse s •••••••••
71
67
70
Foremen (in factories) ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••
66
61
62
60
61
Foremen and inspectors ( e xcept in factorie s) ••••••••••.•••
37
37
37
Locomotive engineers and firemen ••••••••••••••••••••••••••
37
165
165
164
Machinists, millwri ghts, and toolmakers •••••••••••••••••••
164
271
271
269
269
'Me chanics (n.e.c.)•••••••••••••···••····•••·•••••··•••••••
43
43
4:1
'Molders, founders, and caste rs (metal) ••••••••••••••••••••
43
77
77
77
SaYlY8rS • ••• ~ ••••••••••••• ~ •••••• • • r • • • • , • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •
77
34
34
Skilled workers in printing and e ngraving •••••••••••••••••
34
34
3
2
Tailors and furriers ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••
2
9
9
Tinsmiths and coppersmiths •••••••••• • •••••••••••••••••••••
9
9
Metal workers (except gold and silver) (n.e.c. ) •••••••••••
9
11'7
117
Skilled workers in mf'g. and other industries (n.e.c.) •••••
116
116
1,413
1,4] 3
1,40 7
1,40 7
SEMISKILLED WOR!IERS IN BUILDING AND CONSTRUCTION • • • ·•·•·i---~-,,----+---'--"----'-;;,--~----+-...:c.<..::..:..,;,--+-__;::.,..::c::.;...-+----+---....!....-1---~'--+-----=-2
2
2
2
Appre ntices in building and cons truction ••••••••••••••••••
As phalt workers • • , •••••••••••••••••••••••••••• •••• ••••• •••
Blasters (except in mines) ••••••••••••••••••.•••••••••••••
Caisson workers ••••••• •,.•••• ••. ••. ••• • ..••..••..•••••••..
6
Calkers ••••••••• , •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••
141
141
140
140
Firemen (except looomotive and fire depar tment) •••••••••••
1 Includes
workers 16 through 64 years of age.
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
2
Includes white, Negro, other, and unknown color or race .
'Not elsewhere classified.
OCCUPATION
67
TABLE I-WORKERS ON RELIEF, BY USUAL OCCUPATION, COLOR, AND SEX, FOR THE STATE: MARCH 1935-Continued
TOTAL
WRITE
NEGRO
USUAL OCCUPATION
TO'.I'.AL
FEMALE
MALE
TOTAL
MALE
FlliALE
TO!AL
MALE
FEMALE
95
96
97
98
99
100
SEMISKILLED WORKERS IN BLDG. AND CONSTRUCTION - Cont.
Operators of building and construction equipment .••.•••••
Pipelayers •••••••••• , ................................... .
Rod men and chainman (surveying) •••••••• • •••••••••••••••••
Truck and t ractor drivers .............................. ..
Welders ••••••••• , •• , •••••• , •••••••••••••••••.••.•••••••• ,
Other semiskilled worke rs in buildin g and construction •••
101
l02
103°
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
4,646
S ,148
4 601
3 108
SEMISKILLED WORKERS IN MFG. AND OT!IER INDUSTRIES . • . •• ••i---~-=----t----'-:c,--+--l~,4_9_,,8-+---<---:::-::-+--~--,-c--+---"
l ..._4""9""3-+-----'---+---___;;4'-+-----"-73
Bake r s ... . ...... ....... . ......... .. ......................
9
64
73
64
Brakemen (railroad) ••••••••••••••••• • ••••• •••••. •••.•••••
47
47
45
45
Deliverymen . ........................................... ..
119
119
118
118
Dressmaicers and milliners •••••••••••••••••.•••••••••• • •••
111
1
110
110
1
109
Filsra, grinde rs, buffers, and polishers {metal) •••••••••
:so
30
30
30
Furne.cemen. heaters , smeltermen, etc. (metal working) , •••
3
3
3
3
Guards, watchmen, and doorkeepers {Elxcept ra ilroad) •.•• ••
36
36
36
36
Handic raf t workers: textile, wood , leather, metal, etc .. .
20
29
15
6
Inside workers: mines ..................................... .
2
2
2
2
111
112
113
114
Ope ratives (n . e . c.) in mfg. and allied industries ....... .
Chemical and allied industries ......... . .............. .
Cigar , cigarett e , and tobacco factories ............... .
Clay , glass, and stone industries •••••••••• , •••••••••••
3,591
14
11
44
2 ,23 8
14
115
116
117
118
Clothing industr ies •••••• ••••••••••••••• , ••••• ,,., •••••
Shirt, collar and cuff factories •••••••• , ••••• , •• , •••
Suit, coat, and dress factories ................ . .... .
Clothing industries (n.e. c .) ................... . .... .
108
20
42
46
16
3
2
119
Electric light and power pl.ants ..••• , •• , .............. .
120
121
122
123
Food and beve rage industries .....•........... . .....•••.
Bake ries •.....................••...............• • •..•
Slaughter and meat packing houses •••••.•.•••.•• •• ••••
Food and beve rage industries (n.e. c.) ••••••••••••.•••
512
21
10
481
242
7
6
229
124
126
126
127
128
129
Iron and steel, machinery, and vehicle i ndust r ies •••• • •
Automobile factories ................... . ............ .
Automobilo repair shops •••.....••..•.•............... •
Bl ast furnaces and s teel roll ing mills, ............ ..
Car and railroad shops, ...... ...... . . ............. , ••
I ro n and steel, machinery, & vehicle ind ' s ( n.e. c.) ..
88
6
7
7
14
54
86
5
7
7
14
53
130
131
132
133
134
Laundries and dry cleaning establishments ...... .... ... .
Lmnbe r and fu,-niture industries, ............. , ........ .
Metal i ndustries {except iron and steel) •••••••••••••••
Paper , printing_. and allied industries .. ............•• •
Shoe factor ies , •••••••••• , • ••••••••• ••••••••••••• • •••• •
90
242
35
499
560
23
21G
28
451
334
135
136
137
138
Textile industr ies ...... ,. . .... ... . ............•. . •.••••
Cotten ml lls •..•.•. , ••••••... . .•..... . •..•..••..•••••
Woolen and worsted mills ........... .............. ... .
Textile industries (n.e. c.) ............... , ••• •••••• ,
1,273
838
361
74
94
e
5
987
21
141
94
8
5
987
21
141
94
8
5
982
21
141
94
5
982
21
141
1 , 353
3,583
14
11
44
2 , 234
14
6
44
1 , 349
92
17
40
35
107
20
42
45
16
2
11
91
17
40
34
270
14
509
21
10
478
241
7
6
228
88
6
7
7
14
54
86
7
7
14
53
48
226
90
241
35
499
558
23
215
28
451
333
67
26
7
48
225
690
424
223
43
583
414
13 8
31
1,272
837
361
74
689
423
223
43
583
414
138
31
26
113
87
26
13
32
15
84
455
28
15
84
442
13
6
44
11
4
252
67
26
7
3
268
14
4
250
139
Misc. and not specified manufacturing industries •••••• ,
113
87
140
141
142
143
Painters , varnishe rs, enamelers, e tc. (facto ry ) ••••••• , ••
Switchmen, flagmen, and yar dmen (railroad ) ........... , •• ,
Taxicab drive r s , bus drivers, and chauffeurs ............ .
Other semiskilled workers in mfg. and other industries •••
32
15
86
472
28
15
86
459
144
145
146
147
14S
149
6 087
5 059
5 044
7
5 016
28
UNSKILLED LABORERS (EXCEPT IN AGRICULTURE) ............ •i-----<-:::-:----t--~._,.,,-=-+----':
2.,c8-+-~~=-+---"'-'-'=-=--+----==-+-----'--+----'--+----714
687
714
687
Labore r s in manufacturi ng and allied industries..........
27
27
26
23
26
23
Clay, glass, and stone industrie3 ..••••••••••••••••••• ,
3
3
38
36
38
I r on and stee l, machinery, and vehicle industries ......
2
36
2
131
130
131
Lumber and furniture industries.......... . ..... .. .. ....
1
130
l
519
498
Other manufactur ing and allied indust ries..............
21
519
498
21
150
151
152
1 53
154
155
156
157
158
160
161
Le.borers except in mfg. and allied industries .•••••••••• •
Mines, quarries, and oil and gas we lls . . ............. ..
Odd jobs (general) .................................... .
Railroads (steam and street ) ...... .................... ,
Roads, streets, e.nd sewers •••••.•••.•••.•.•.•.••...••••
Stores (including po rters in stores) •••••••••••••••••••
Le.borers and helpers (n.e. c ,) in bldg. and const •••••••
Longshoremen and stevedo res • •...... .•••••..•.. ..•• .• •••
Lurn.bennen, raf'tsmen, and woodchoppers •.••..•••.•..••.••
Street cle ano rs, g arbage men , o.nd s cavengers •.......• ••
Terunsters and dre.ymen, ••• , •••.•••••••••••••••••••••••••
Other la.borers, except mfg. and all ied ind's (n.e . c ,) ..
162
163
164
165
166
167
168
169
170
171
172
173
174
175
2 135
599
2 . 115
l 526
589
12
7
DOMESTIC AflD PERSONAL SERVICE WORKERS ••••• •• •••••••••• 't---'=---=~-+---=c':-r--""-1
c,5c:;:.36
' :-r--""-'~-+---"'-"'c-r--~~-+---"""'--+------'-~----"-82
66
81
Barber and beauty shop workers ........... . . . .............
16
15
66
15
14
14
13
Bootblack s ••••••••• , ••••• •• •• ••••• ••••••.••••• • •••••••• , •
l
1
188
186
14
13
173
Cleaners and charwome n, •••••••• , ••• , ••••••••••••• ,.......
174
206
170
201
165
36
Cooks and chefs (except in private f amily) ............. ••
36
19
14
19
14
Elevator ope r ators •••••••••••••• ••••• ••••••• •••••••••• ,..
5
5
85
84
84
83
Janitors, carote.ke r s, and sextons ............... .........
l
l
31
l
29
30
l
Le.undresses (not in l aund ry).............................
30
6
6
6
Porte rs (except in stores), •••••••••••••••••••.•. • .• , ••••
86
8
78
86
8
78
Practice.) nurses, hos pital attendants, and orderlies ... ..
175
96
79
173
95
78
Servants (hotels, boarding houses , e tc,) (n. e.c.) .. .. ... .
825
15
810
822
15
Servants (priva.te fami ly) .............. . ............... ..
807
195
20
175
Waiter s, waitresses, and bartenders ..................... .
194
20
174
222
131
91
219
Other dmoo stic and personal service workers ••••••••••••••
90
129
176
177
178
179
2.554
2 544
2 .537
10- + - - - - + - - - - - - - t - - - ~
2 547
FARM OPERATORS AND LABORERS .......................... " t - - -......
~---t-------'~-----+----=-10
___+--=~-+---=.,!'-""-~+--·~
' 13
Fe.rm foremen, manage r s , and overseers . .. ................. .
13
13
13
1,837
Farm le.borers .......................................... ..
1,828
1,832
1,823
704
Farmers ..... ............ ...... , ......................... ,
703
702
701
180
181
18 2
2,169
2 . 142 + - - ~ 942
INEXPERIENCED PERSONS ••• , ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• • - - - ~
- - - ~ . ; . , _969
_ + - - =1-"'2~00;;..._+--=~- - - - - + -1-200
:.,..;==--+----+-------t---1,610
894
1,606
890
716
Pers ons 16-24 yea.rs of age (inclusive) .............. •••••
716
559
75
536
52
Persons 25 years of age and over •• • ••••• ,................
484
484
159
183
UNKNOWN OCCUPATION •• , •••• • •• ••••••••••• • • , ••••• , ••••••
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
4 , 373
91
577
266
1,020
101
393
114
1,104
15
248
444
1,335
4,372
91
577
266
1,020
100
393
114
1,104
15
248
444
1,074
4,330
91
568
261
1,016
101
392
111
1, 0 86
15
248
441
261
931
4,329
91
568
261
1, 016
100
392
111
1, 086
15
248
441
780
151
68
WORKERS ON RELIEF-MARYLAND
TABLE l-WORKERS ON RELIEF. BY USUAL OCCUPATION, COLOR, AND SEX, FOR THE STATE:4 MARCH 1935
1
TOTAL
2
WHITE
NEGRO
USUAL OOCUP.Al'ION
TOTAL
TOTAL •••••••••••• ••••• ••••••·
56,093
276
10
FfflALE
MALE
39 , 017
TOTAL
17,076
33,828
MALE
FEl1ALE
25 , 723
8,105
FfflALE
MALE
TOTAL
22 ,13 7
1 3 ,200
8 , 937
1 86 _ _ __;9:.:0-4-_ _--=.;::.:c...-1----==--4----6=-=2=--4-_
213
1 51
_--=.;;.;;._
_ _6::.:3: ...+---=-=
35'--l- - - = - 28~
4
4
6
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
Actors ••• • ••••••••••••••••••• •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••
Architects ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• •••• ••••• •• ••
Artists, sculptors, and teachers of art ••• •• • ••••••••••• ••
Chemists, as s ayers, and metallurgists ••• ••••••• •••• • ••• •• •
Clergymen and r e ligiouo workers •• •• .• • • •••• •••• •••••••••••
Designers ••••••••••••••••• ••• •••••••••••••• ••• •••••••••• ••
Draftsmen •• •••••••••• . •••• •••• ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••
Enginee r s (technical) ••••••••••• ··••• · • • • •• ••••···•••••·••
Lawyers, judges , and justices •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••
Librarians and librarians' assistants ••••••••••••••• • •••••
Musicians and teachers of music •••••••••••••••••••••• • ••••
Nur se s (trained or registered) ••• • .••••••••••••••• ••.. ••••
Physicians, surgeons, i,nd dentists ••••••••••••••••••••••••
Playground and recreational workers ••••••••••• • ••••••• •• ••
Reporte r s , editors, and journalists • •..•••••••••••••.••• . •
18
19
20
Teachers ••• •••••• ••••••• ••• • ••••••••••••••••••• •••• •••••••
Col l ege instructor s and professors •••• •••••.•••••••••.••
Primary and secondary school, and teachers (n.e.c. )~ ••••
21
Other professional workers ••••• • • ••• • •• •••• •• • ••••••• •••••
22
23
24
25
Othe r semiprofessiona l workers ....... ..... ......... . ...... .
Abstra cters , notari:es-,. and jus tice s of p e ace.•••• ...... ••
Technicians and laboratory as sistants ••••••••••• •• • •• • ••
Semiprofessi onal workers (n.e. c.) •• ••••••••••.•••••••• • •
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
93
91
693
669
599
577
PROPRIETORS, MANAGERS, AND OFFICIALS (EXCEPT AGRIC.) •••• ~----'=-+---_;::.:"'-+---~
2'-"4--+----"-''-"-+---"-'-'-+-----'2::.:a2:....+----'=-+----==---i---~Building contractors ••••• • •••••••• ••. ••••••••..•••••• • ••••
19
19
17
2
17
Foreste r s , forest rangers, and timber cruisers ••••••• • ••••
3
3
3
3
Hucksters, peddlers , and junk and rag de a l e r .s ••••••• .• ••• •
75
283
211
208
76
287
Trucking, transfer and cab companies, and garages •••••••••
1
9
8
8
1
9
Retail dealers and managers (n.e.c. ) •.••••••••••••••••••• •
6
6
173
166
7
167
7
1 60
Othe r proprieto rs, managers, and officials .............. ..
193
7
202
189
13
1 81
12
8
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
1 271
925
1.159
828
111
OFFICE WORKERS ••• •• •• •• ••• .• •••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 1---~~-+----'---'--+----3
'-'4'-5-+-----"=-'--+---~-+-----33__1 - + - - ~
= - - + - - -96- - - 1 - - -15
~Bookkeepers, accountants , and auditors ..... . ........... . ..
22
21
86
64
84
63
34
4
34
4
676
548
638
30
51 8
38
8
Messengers and office boys .............. . .......... .. .....
1
143
62
61
1
205
204
143
Office machine operators . ............. ..... ........ .. . •...
14
12
23
9
19
7
4
2
2
Office managers and bank tellers ... .. .. .. .................
1
1
23
22
23
22
Stenogra phe r s , stenotypists , and dictaphone operators.. .. .
40
39
48
47
8
8
Telegraph and radio o pe rator s. ............................
1
1
18
17
17
16
Telephone operators.................. . ........ ... .........
53
53
10
63
63
10
Typists ••••••••• , •••••••••••••••• ••• ••• • ••••••• •.••.•••• ••
54
52
61
7
59
7
Other cleri cal and allied worker s .... .... ............ ......
2
2
34
32
32
30
46
46
47
48
49
50
51
1,148
1,472
76- 1 - - - - l 552
1071
SALESMEN AND KINDRED WORKERS •••••••••••••••••••••••• ••••t----'---+---'---+----4_0_4
___
,___ _ __._
_ _ _ _ _4_0_1- - t - - - - 79
- + -- - - Canvassers (solicitors , any)... ... .... .. ........... .......
17
17
105
88
1 00
83
5
5
Comme r cial travelers .. ............................... .. ...
1
1
78
77
77
1
76
1
Newsboys .. .. . ................... .... ........... ... ....... .
2
2
38
36
28
26
10
10
Re al estate agents and insurance agents .......... .... .. . ..
1
1
57
56
50
49
7
7
Sale s men and saleswomen (retail store s) ............ .......
363
360
960
597
920
560
40
37
Othe r sales pe r sons and kind re d worke rs. .... .. ..... .......
20
20
314
294
297
277
16
16
62
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
4~
542
145
4 '145
SKILLED WORKERS AND FOREMEN IN BLDG . AND CONSTRUCTION ••• 1 - -4- 542
~----~ - - - - - - r - - ~4~
-t---- ~ - + - - - - - + - - 382
- ~ - - 1 - 382
--~~----Blacksmiths ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• , ••• , •••••••
90
90
83
83
Boilermakers •••• • • •••••••••••••••••••• , •• , ••••••••••••••••
92
92
92
92
Brick le.ye rs and stonemasons •.• , • • • ••• ••••• ••••••••••••••••
309
309
297
297
12
12
Carpente rs., .. .. .. .. .... ... ...... ..... . ..... .... ... . .. ... .
1 ,133
1,133
1,077
1,077
51
51
Cement fin i shers ..................................... . ... .
"268
268
131
131
136
136
Elect ricians . ......................... ... . .. ............. .
164
154
153
1 53
1
1
Foremen: construction (except road ) ...................... .
96
96
84
84
12
12
Foremen: road and s treet construction ••• ••• •••••••••••• • • •
61
61
58
58
3
3
Operators or enginee r s: stat'y and port. constr. equip't . •
236
236
207
207
29
29
Painters (not in factory) ............ .. .................. .
1, 196
1.,196
1,137
1,137
54
54
Paper hangers •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••
111
111
95
95
15
15
Plaste r e rs . ....... .... .... . ............ ......... ...... .... .
1 59
1 59
125
125
33
33
Plumbers, ga s and steam fitters . . .... .. .. .. ............ . . .
309
309
301
301
7
7
Roofers •••••• ••• •••••• • •••• • •• •• • ••• •• ••••••••••••••••••••
70
70
66
66
4
4
Sheet metal worke r s ................. .. .............. .. .... .
33
33
33
33
Stone cutters and carvers ....... . . . ........................ .
25
25
24
24
1
1
Structu r a l iron and steel workers ...... . .......... ... .... .
92
92
88
4
88
4
Setters: marble , stone, and tile ••.•••.•••••••••••••..••••
24
24
23
23
1
l
other skilled workers in building and constru ction •. .. .• ••
84
84
71
71
12
12
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
1.570
1 555
1 469
1 455
97
96
SKILLED WORKERS AND FOREMEN IN MFG . & OTHER INDUSTRIES •• t---"'-'-'"::-::c-+---=~-::-t----=1~
5-+---=~~+---=-=-+----'l:.:4c...•
+---..::..:-+----':.;:_-+-----''-50
50
Cabinetmakers •••• • •• •••.••••••••• • ••••..••••••• • ••••••••••
49
49
1
55
55
Cobb ler s and shoe repairmen •••••••••.••••••••••••••••••• ••
50
50
5
38
38
38
Con ductors: steam and street railroads , and buses •••••••••
38
85
82
79
77
Foremen (in factorie s) ................................... .
6
5
97
94
89
86
Foremen and inspectors ( exoept in factories) ••••••••••••••
8
8
89
89
83
83
Locomotive engineers and firemen •• •••••• • •••••••••••••••••
5
5
266
266
260
260
6
6
Machinists, millwri ght s , and toolmaker s •• • ••••••••••••••••
367
367
34 3
343
Mechanics (n.e.c.) .......... . ... ............. . .... .. .. . .. .
22
22
95
95
80
80
Molders , founde rs, and casters (metal) •••••••••••••••••• • •
15
15
36
36
30
Sawyers, •••.••••••• • •••••••••••••• , •••. , ••••••••..• • ••••••
30
6
6
87
86
Skilled workers in printing and engraving, ••• , ••••••••• • ••
82
3
83
3
50
44
47
Tailors and furriers • ••• •• , •••••• , •• •• • • , •••••••••••••• , • •
41
3
3
63
63
Tinsmiths and coppersmiths •••••••••.••••• • ••••••••••••••• ,
62
62
1
1
37
Metal workeI"1! ( except gold and silver) (n.e.c. ) ••••••••• ••
37
33
33
4
4
1 55
153
Skilled workers in mfg. and other industries (n. e .c. ) •••• •
143
141
12
12
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
2,734
2 734
2,014
2, 014
719
719
SEMISKILIED WORKERS IN BUILDING AND CONSTRUCTION ••.• •• •• t--~~-+--""'-'-"-.c....+------+---="-=-="'-+--.=.,..;:=-+----+
- - -.:.=-+--....:.:::.:::...4-_
_ __
Appre ntices in building and con struction • • • •••• ••• • ••• , •••
20
20
19
19
1
1
As phalt workere ... . .... .. ... . .................... . ........ .
3
3
3
3
Blasters (except in mines) .............. . ........... . ... , .
5 .
12
12
5
Caisson workers ••••••• • ••• • •••••• , ••••••••••••••••••••••••
37
37
Calk:ers, ........ , ••••• •••••••••• • •• ••••• ••• •••• •••• • ••• • ••
27
27
10
10
Firemen ( except locomotive and fire department) .......... .
288
288
1 80
1 80
108
108
~~=~t:r(n:=~~:r. :~.~~~:::::::: :: ::::: ::::::::::::::::::
1 Inc lude s
8
6
17
4
24
17
6
3
40
35
2
6
7
6
17
3
24
17
5
l
31
8
2
4
47
12
35
47
12
35
1
2
9
27
8
5
6
4
24
17
6
3
26
32
2
3
6
7
5
6
3
24
17
5
1
21
8
2
3
6
li
14
10
24
3
23
20
24
15
23
20
24
15
4
38
1
13
24
36
1
13
22
35
1
12
22
l~~
33
l
12
20
l~g
2 Includes white, Negro, other, and unknown color or race.
workers 16 through 64 years of age.
3Not elsewhere classified.
"carroll and Harford Counties either did not participate in the general relief program in March 193:S or had no relief cases with workers.
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
1
1
11
69
OCCUPATION
TABLE I-WORKERS ON REIJEF, BY USUAL OCCUPATION, COLOR, AND SEX, FOR THE STATE: MARCH 193 5-Continued
TOTAL
WHITE
NEGRO
USUAL OCCUPATION
TOTAL
MALE
95
96
97
98
99
100
SEMISKILI.ED WORKERS IN BlDG. AND CONSTRUCTION - Cont .
Operat ors of bu ilding and cons t ruction equipment ••• ••• • • •
Pi pele.yer s • •• , ... . ..... . . .... .. . ... . .. ... ... . .. .. . ... . .. .
Rodmen and che.inmen (surveying) ..........................
Tru ck and tractor drivers •••• • • ••••••••• • • • ••••••.•• .••• ,
Welders ••••••••••••••• • •• , •••• , •• ,., • • ,,,•,. •,, •,,, ,• •• ••
Other s emiskille d workers in building and construction •••
84
16
7
1 , 567
84
616
84
16
7
1,567
84
61 6
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
SE!11S KI LI.ED WORKERS IN MFG. AND OTHER I NDUSTRI ES .•.•• • •
Be.lee r s •••••••• • •••••••••••••••••••••• • •• •••••••• • • • •• • •• ,
Br akemen (railroad) ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••.•••••
Deliverymen ••••• •• • , ............................ . ...... ,.
Dressmake r s and milline r s • • • •• ••• • •••• •• • . ••.• •••• •••••••
File r s , gr inders , buffe rs, and polishers (metal ) •••••••••
Furnacemen. heaters, smelte rme nJ' etc. (metal working) ••• •
Guards , watchmen , and doorkeepe r s (except railroad ) •. ••••
Handicraf t worke rs: textile, wood, lea ther, metal, etc, ••
I nsi de workers: mines ............... . ...... ........ . . .....
7 317
113
87
88
91
56
42
198
2
275
4 405
1 08
87
88
111
11 2
113
114
Operatives (n . e . c . ) i n mfg . and all ie d i n dustries ••••••• ,
Che mical and allied i ndustrie s .. . .•. . . . ......... ..... .•
Cigar, cigarette , and toba cc o fac to r ies • .......... • •.••
Clay, g lass, and s t one indu stries •••••••••••••••••••• ,.
5 , 127
102
38
114
2, 366
56
10
94
115
116
117
118
Clothing industries .................... . ...............
Shirt, collar and cuff facto ries •••••••••••••••••• •• •
Suit, c oat, and dress factories ••••••••••••••••••••••
Cl othing industries (n. e . c.) ............... . .........
1 , 05 7
199
395
463
F:mALE
TOTAL
MALE
56
14
7
1 , 110
78
516
56
14
7
1 , 110
78
516
5 473
·107
85
63
81
51
28
173
2
272
3 529
1 03
85
63
2 , 761
46
28
20
3 , 672
73
28
68
l , 863
31
8
63
247
14
1 29
104
810
1 85
266
359
876
178
316
382
2 91 2
91
56
42
198
1
275
FfflALE
TOIAL
HALE
FEl1A.LE
28
2
28
2
45 6
6
100
456
6
100
l 83 7
5
2
25
10
5
14
25
872
4
2
25
l , 1309
42
20
5
1 , 4 51
28
10
46
502
25
2
31
949
3
8
15
196
13
98
85
680
1 65
218
297
1 80
20
79
Bl
51
l
31
19
129
19
48
62
l 944
4
81
51
28
173
l
272
965
1
10
5
14
25
119
Electric light and power plants . . ... ..... ..............
120
121
122
123
Food and beve rage industries ............................
Bake ries .......•..•. ............. •••. ...........•...•
Slaughte r and meat packi ng houses •••••• •.•••••• ••••••
Food and beverage industries (n.e.o, ) ••••••••••••••••
1 , 458
96
83
1 , 279
4 74
54
43
377
984
42
40
902
701
89
75
537
241
51
41
149
4 60
38
34
388
756
7
8
741
233
3
2
228
523
4
6
513
124
125
126
127
128
1 29
I ron and steel, machine ry, and vehi cle industries •.••••
Automobile factories , •• • • ••• •••• ••• •• • • • •• •••• •••••••
Automobile repa ir shops •••.....••• • ••. • ... . ...... .. .•
Blas t fu rnaces and steel r ol l ing mil l s ....... . .......
Car and r ailroad shops ••.•.•.•..••.•..... . ••...•..•.•
I ron and steel, machinery, &: vehicle ind ' s (n, e . c,) ••
49 9
14
13
1 08
1 28
236
477
14
13
104
1 28
218
22
421
14
12
78
118
1 99
18
60
56
4
18
4 39
14
12
81
118
214
15
1
27
10
22
1
26
10
19
130
1 31
132
133
134
Laundries and d ry cle aning e stab lishments ••••••••••• •••
Lumber and furniture indust r ies •••••••• , •••• •• •••••• ,,.
11etal i ndustries (except iron and steel) ...............
Pa pe r, printing, and allie d i ndustries .. .. ........•.•••
Sh oe f actories •..... , • ..•.....•...............•......•.
350
264
218
201
108
96
245
143
70
64
254
19
75
131
44
142
241
197
141
106
51
223
133
65
62
91
18
64
76
44
208
23
21
60
2
45
22
10
5
2
135
136
137
138
Textile industr ies . ...••••.•...... . .. .....• . • ....•• , •••
Cotton mills . ~· •••••••••• , ••• • •• • •••••••••• • • • ••••• ,.
Woolen and wors ted mills ....... . .................... ,
Te xtile i n dust ries (n. e . c , ) .............. . ...... . ....
377
130
16
231
1 63
71
8
84
214
59
8
147
357
127
10
220
159
71
7
81
1 98
56
3
139
19
3
6
10
4
163
1
11
55
16
3
5
8
139
11isc . and not specified manufactu ri ng industries •••••••
338
224
114
300
207
93
38
17
140
141
142
143
Painte r s , varn ishe rs, enamele rs, etc . (fa cto ry ) .. . .......
Switchmen, flagmen , and yardmen ( rai lroad) •••••• , •••••• , .
Taxi c ab drivers, bu s drivers, and chau f'f'eurs, . .. . .....•.•
Oth er se miskilled worke rs in mfg. and other industrie s •••
69
25
375
769
59
25
375
725
10
64
22
228
625
54
22
228
586
10
39
5
3
147
142
5
3
147
137
144
145
146
147
148
149
UNSKILLED LABORERS (EXCEPT IN AGRICULTURE) .............
Laborers i n manufactur ing and all ied industr ies ••••••••••
Clay, glass , and s t one industries . ........... . . ... ... , •
Ir on an d steel, machine ry, and vehicle indu s trie s . .. .•.
Lumber and f urni t ure indus t r le s • ..... • ••..........•••.•
Other manufactu r ing and allied indus tries . ... .. ....•..•
11 980
2, 988
253
527
305
1 , 903
11 834
2, 876
246
519
296
1 , 815
146
112
5 870
1, 394
1 29
223
176
866
fi
795
1 , 329
1 28
221
169
811
75
65
1
2
7
55
6 ORn
1, 591
124
304
129
1 , 034
6 01 6
1, 544
118
298
127
1 , 001
70
47
6
6
2
33
150
151
1 52
153
154
155
156
157
158
1 59
160
161
Laborers except in mfg. and allie d industr ies . .... ......•
Hine s , quarrie s , and oil and ga s wells .................
Odd j obs (gene ral ) •••••••••• •• •• • ••••• • •• •• •••• • ••••• • ,
Railroads (ste am and street ) •• •• ••••••••••••• • •••••••••
Roads , s t reet s , and sewe rs .•.....•...•.......... .. .••••
St or e s ( includ i ng porters in stores) .. . ................
Laborers and ho lpers (n. e . o.) in bldg. and cans t .....•.
Long;shoremen and s tevedo r es ...... .. ....................
Lumbenne n , raf'tamen, and woodchoppers •••• ••• ••••••••• ,.
St reet c leaners, garbage men , o.ml. scavenge r s . .. ...... ,.
Te om ste r s nnd dre.ymen ......... .. . . ........ ........ .... .
Other le.borers , except mfg . and allied ind's (n . e . c . ) ..
8, 992
233
l ,i94
649
1 , 347
828
1, 966
467
140
115
170
1 , 883
8 , 958
233
1,187
649
1 , 347
826
1 , 966
467
140
34
4 , 476
1 72
672
354
878
232
637
87
113
75
80
1,176
4 , 466
172
670
354
878
232
637
87
113
75
80
1 , 168
10
4 , 495
58
515
295
4 66
596
1 , 327
379
27
40
90
702
4 , 472
58
511
295
466
594
1 ,3 27
379
27
40
90
685
23
162
163
164
165
166
16 7
168
169
170
171
172
173
174
175
DOl1EST1C AND PERSONAL SERVICE WORKERS •••••• •••••• ••• ,,.
Barber and beauty shop wo rke r s . ...............• , . • .......
Bootblacks •• ••••• • , , •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• .•••• , ,
Cleane r s and chal"'Vv'ome n . ......•............... . .......... ,
Cook s an d ch e fs (except in pr ivate f amily) • •• • •••• •••••••
Elevato r o pe r ators ...... .... •..... , ......•... , .... .. .••••
J anitors, care take r s, and sextons . . ............. ,., . . .. • .•
Laund r es ses (n ot in laundry) •••••.••••••••••••••••••••• ,.
Porte r .a (except in stor es) ...... .... ......... . . . .. .... ...
Pra ctical nurses , ho spital attendants , and orderlies ... ,,
Servants (hotels, b oard ing houses, etc . ) (n . e . c . ) • • . •.• ••
Servants (private fami ly) ... . .... ......... .. . .. . .. .. . ....
Waiters , wa i tresses. and bartenders .. .•.... ...• . . . ....•••
Other dorre s tic and personal se rvi ce workers .. . ........ , .•
8 450
115
58
92
373
88
374
230
351
1 96
659
5, 056
414
127
46 8
4, 957
244
140
1 952
75
2
43
140
36
98
35
12
1 66
217
659
270
1 99
662
61
2
17
100
34
87
2
12
56
76
18
Bl
116
6 . 483
40
56
48
229
52
276
195
338
30
44 2
4 , 388
144
245
1
444
2 060
92
57
23
269
77
354
4
351
69
1 91
99
170
304
176
177
178
179
FARM OPERATORS AND LABORERS, •••••••••• • , •••••••••••• • , .
Farm foremen, manage r s , and ove r s e ers . . ............ . ... ,.
Farm laborers • • • • • , • ••• ••••••• • ••• ••••• •••.•• ••• • •••• • , • ,
Fal'Jne r s ....• ••••.•...•.... , .... • ..... • • • •• •, • • •, • • • • • • • • • •
5 686
10
4 , 749
927
5 . 239
10
4 , 313
91 5
436
12
3 002
9
2, 360
633
?. . 903
9
2, 269
625
91
8
2 648
1
2, 362
285
180
181
182
INEXPERIENCED PERSONS ••••••••••••••••••• •• •••• , •••• ,• • ,
Pe rsons 16- 24 years of age (inclusive) ••••••• • •••••··••••
Persons 25 years of a ge and over . ..•••. ,. , ••.. ,, .,., •.•• •
5 - 865
3 , 719
2,146
1-849
1, 803
46
4 - 016
1 , 91 6
2, 1 00
4 087
2, 649
1,438
, :c1?n
1, 299
27
? 71,7
1,350
1, 411
7F.4.
1,059
705
499
19
560
686
183
UNKNOWN OC CUPATION., ••••• • ••••••••• • • • •••• • ••• ,.•.,,, ,
4 .157
l. 872
2 - 285
2 373
l.267
1. 106
l 775
602
, ,.,.~
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
44
8
9
88
115
170
1 , 858
25
6 390
23
1
69
1 04
11
20
226
448
1
?QQ
14
26
40
2
11
33
110
141
641
189
83
99
1
?
21
4
17
090
9
1
42
64
9
9
193
,<Q,<
5
31
55
6
1 65
43
267
2
338
13
115
81
89
1 88
17
327
4 , 307
55
57
~~
~
2, 022
281
a, c
.....
340
4
1
?Aa
WORKERS ON RELIEF-MASSACHUSETTS
70
TABLE I-WORKERS' ON REIJEF. BY USUAL OCCUPATION, COLOR, AND SEX, FOR THE STATE: MARCH 1935
TOTAL 2
WfilTE
li"EGRO
USUAL OOCUPATION
TOTAL ••••••••••• •• ••• • •••••••
TOTAL
HALE
230,730
165 ,346
TOTAL
65,384
221,739
l'1ALE
159,359
FmALE
52 , 380
FEnA.LE
TOTAL
6 ,029
3 , 989
2, 040
10
11
12
13
14
16
16
17
5 , 870
3, 847
3 , 976
6 065
Ac~~~~~~~~-~.~.~~~:~~.~~~~~~:::::::::::::::::::::: 1---~'-'-=--+--_..;;..'-"-'-..;.._-1----'2,'-~"-'~-'-~-1-----'-e..c..;.-..,__.....,__-+
_ _2.c. .o,_!-~-+---J-.~-!~---1-~-! -- - -5~~~
225
144
128
248
1
1
1
113
112
Architects ••••••••••••••.••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• • •
114
113
46
45
1
126
81
Artists, sculptors, e.nd t eache rs of art •••••••••••••••••••
82
128
Chemists, as sayers , and metallurgists ••••••••••••••••••.••
50
1
49
48
1
2
51
Clergymen e.nd religious workers •• • • .••••••.•••••••• ••• • •••
4
33
30
13
12
46
42
Designers ............................... . ...... . ......... .
90
64
88
64
24
26
Drafts!ll6n •••••••••••• • •• • • •••••••••••.•.•••••••••• ••••••••
446
443
441
2
448
2
690
687
3
l
698
695
Engineer& (technical) ••••••••••• ·• ••• • •••· , •••••••• •••••••
3
La.wyors, judges, and justices ••• • ••••.••••• •• •••• •• •••••••
10
1
145
135
10
142
132
Librarians and librarians' assistants ••••.•••••••. • •••••••
68
4'1
1
59
47
21
22
21
56
35
1-!usicians and t e achers of musi c •••• • • •••• . ••••.•••••••.•••
1,022
297
1 , 255
273
1,319
982
61 9
2
Nurses (trained or registered) .......................... . .
625
641
647
22
22
Physicians, surgeons, and dentists •••••••••••••••••••• ••••
36
35
1
43
42
1
10
85
328
241
87
317
232
Playground o.nd r ec reational workers ••••••• • ••••• • .••••••••
102
79
99
78
21
Reporters, editors, and journalists ...................... .
23
18
19
20
Teachers .............. ...... ................... . ...... ... .
College in structor s and professor s •••••••.•..••••••••.••
Primary and s econdary schoo l, and t es.chers (n.e. c. )L ...
4
5
6
7
B
9
840
24
816
211
19
192
629
624
820
22
798
205
17
1 88
615
13
5
1
610
12
21
other professional worke r s • •• ••.••••••.•..••••••••••••••••
255
141
114
245
137
22
23
24
26
Other se:rniprofessiona l worker s •••••.••••.• ••• .• ••••• ••••••
_t\bstra.)ter.s ., notaries, and justices of peace............ Technicians and laboratory assistants • ••••••• •••.•••••••
Semiprofessional workers (n.e.c . ) ...................... .
494
11
84
399
425
8
60
357
69
3
24
42
480
10
82
388
412
7
59
346
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
32- - + - - - 148
4 923
. 075
PROPRIETORS, MANAGERS, AND OFFICIALS (EXCEPT AGRIC. ) •••• t - -5~
~--~
~ - - - ~2=2~
5 - + - ~5~
- + - - ~ '4- '851
- " ' - + - - -2'-"2_4- + - - -32
--t---Euilding contractors •••••••••.•••••••••••••••..•••••••••••
'1
7
796
793
779
776
Foresters, forest rMgers, a.nd timber cruise rs ............ .
52
53
53
52
Hucksters, pedd lers, and junk and rag dealers •••• • ••••••••
4
4
508
521
518
3
511
Trucking., transrer a.nd ca.b companies, and garages ......... .
2
217
216
1
212
211
Retail dealers and managers (n.e.c. ) .................... ..
8
1,730
1 ., 611
119
1,711
1,593
118
Othe r proprietors, managers. and off icials ............... .
11
1,732
99
1,810
J.,711
99
1, 831
33
68
3
23
42
,,
44
44' 90 + - - - ~
14, 409
7 ,709
11 649
7 863
OFFICE WORKERS ••••••• , ••••..•••••••.•••••.••••••.••••••• l----'-~-"--'----'--'-'-'-~-l----'6 ,'-"7-"6..;..
6 --1---=-'---..,__~_;.-+
__
6<--,7~00
- + - - -134
-~---~
].
Bookkeepers, accountants, and audito r s ,.. .. ...............
770
1,496
'/64
1,516
716
732
382
385
59
59
6€
18
'7,794
84
7,936
5 , 456
5,345
Messengers and oi'fice beys...... .... . ..... . ...............
15
14
13
13
647
651
679
664
Office ma.chine operators,.... ..... ............. . ..........
144
31
113
143
31
112
Office 1118llagers and bank tellers............ ......... .....
179
46
222
17G
46
225
14
14
Stenographers, stenotypists, and dicta.phone operators .... .
1 , 658
87
1, 571
1,633
87
1,546
102
Telegraph e.nd radio or-e r e.tors . . . .... .......... ...... ......
133
103
30
132
30
1
460
463
Tele phone operators........................................
24
43S
24
436
10
1, 050
10
Typists...................................... . .... . .......
1,066
104
962
103
947
403
5
other clerical e..>id allied workers. .......... ... ...........
444
410
34
436
33
46
46
47
48
49
50
51
10 255
7 28 7
10 147
7 181
SAIES!1EN AND KINDRED WORKERS •••••••••••• , •••••••.••••••• l------"'-"-""'-----+---'-'-'=-'---l----=2 ..,9c.c8--"-8-l-_-=-<-='-'--..,__-'-"--'=-+---'2~.9'-'6-'6- + - - ~ ~43
- 1 - - - - ~35
- - t - -- - 2
Ce.nvassers (solicitors , any) ........ ...... .... ..... ••••··•
235
175
60
232
173
59
Commercial travelers......................................
3
3
220
217
221
218
1
l
lJ.3
111
110
2
112
?iev1s boys •••••••••••••••••••• - •••• • •• • • • • • • ... • • • • • - • • • • • • • •
4
3
Real estate agents and insure.nee !i&ents •••••••••••••••••••
666
650
16
676
659
17
22
2,700
27
Salesmen and sr.leswomen (re tail store s) •••••.•••••••••••••
7 ., 048
4 , 333
2,715
6 , 978
4 , 278
7
1,939
1,753
186
other sales persons and kindred worke:-s •••••••••.•••••••••
1,962
1,771
191
62
53
54
55
56
57
58
69
60
61
62
63
64
66
66
67
68
69
70
71
216
215
24,482
24- 888
24',888
482
SKILIBD WORKERS AND FOREMEN IN BLDG . AND CONS1'RUC'fION •• , t - ~---- ~ - t - - - - - - t24
-,-~-+
--~--+----+----+----t----Blacksmiths ••• , ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• • •••••
4
433
4 27
427
433
Boilerutakers •••••••••••••••••••••••••• , •••••••••••••••••••
186
3
109
189
1 86
Bric klayers and ston-amasons •.•••••••••••••••••••••••••••••
19
2, 24-4
19
2,281
2, 281
2,244
Carpente r s ........................ . ............. . .. . ..... .
31
5,781
31
5, 862
5 , 862
5 , 781
Cement finishers •••••••••••••••••••••••••••• , ••••••• , •••••
6
G
768
768
75 5
755
El ectricians ............................................. .
1,145
5
1,153
1,153
1,145
Foremen: construction (except roe.d ) •• , •• •••••••• ••••••••••
1,176
1
1,176
1 ,169
1,169
For emen: road and street construction., •••••••••••••••••••
530
3
536
536
530
Operators or engineers: stat'y and port. constr. equip't ••
lG
lG
692
692
671
6 71
Painters (not in factory) •••••••.•.•..•••• , •••••••• , ••••••
102
102
6 , 784
6 _. 631
s .784
6 , 631
Pape r hangers •• ••••••• •••• •• ••••••• •••••••.••• •• ••••••••• .
63
63
63
63
Plaste r e rs ••••••••••. • •••••••••••••••••••••••••••• • •.•••••
6'15
10
10
6 75
660
660
Plumbe rs, f!:!iS and steam fitters ••.• • ••••. • • •••.•.•••••••••
1, 831
3
1,831
1 , 81 5
1,815
Roofers .... . ............................................. .
653
653
641
641
Shee t me tal workers •••••••••••••..••••••.••• • •••••••••••••
238
238
238
238
Ston13cutte r s e.nd carvers ••••••••••••••• • ••••••••••••••••••
381
389
389
381
Structura l iron and steel workers .......... . . .......... . . .
528
528
519
519
Setters: marble, stone, e.nd tile .. . .. ... .. . ..... .. ...... ..
236
233
236
233
other skilled workers in building e.nd construction • •• •••.•
401
401
393
393
72
73
74
76
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
64
85
86
87
, \lll
190
SKILIBD WORKE.'lS AND FOREMEN HI l'IFG. & OTHER INDliS'l'RIES •• i - -11
-~
- - . - -10
~
~ - i - - - -2_7_9 - t - - -10
~ -954
t - - - ~ -10
- +679
- - - 2 _ 7 _ 5 - +_ _ _1_4-c
O-+_ _ _J._3-c9- - t - - - - Ca.bine-tmakdre... .. ........................................
300
300
295
1'295
S
Cobblers and shoe repai r:rne n., ••••••• , • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •
357
355
351
349
l
1 81
Conductors: steam and s treet railroads, and buses • •• ••••••
184
183
180
1, 0 72
1, 229
157
1,212
1,05'!
155
Foremen (in factories) . .................... . ............. .
620
596
24
585
24
Foremen and inspectors ( except in factori es) ••••••••••••••
ci09
:~
1'14
3
177
177
174
Locomotive engim,ers and f'iremen •••••••••••••••••• • •••••••
15
2, 274
2 , 312
2,312
2, 274
15
Machinists, millwrights , and toolmakers •••••••••••••••••••
58
58
2, 378
2,3 7S
2, 300
2,300
l-',echanics (n.e.c.) •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• • •••••••
10
808
808
786
786
10
Holders, founders, e.nd casters (metal ) •••••••••• • •••••••••
1
Sawyers •••••••••• ••• •••••••••••••••••••••••••••• • .••••••••
144
144
143
143
1
Skilled workers 1n printing and engraving., •••••••••••••••
735
705
30
719
690
29
11
11
Tailors and furrierB"• •••••••• •• , •••••••••• •• ••••••••••••••
434
395
381
13
39
419
38
14
Tinsmiths and coppersmiths ............. . ................. .
244
244
242
2
242
Meta:! T1orkers (e xcept gold e.nd silver) (n.e.o. ) ••••.• • ••••
154
l f>4
154
154
Skilled workers in mfg. and other industries (n.e.c. ) ••• ••
1 , 088
1 ,114
26
1,095
1,069
25
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
11,583
11, 583
11,303
11,303
SEMISK!LIED WORKERS IN BUILDHIG AlID CONSTRUCTION •••••••• 1--___;;;c;.:.;"-'-"--+----=--=-'--"-".;;._..,_
_ _ _- + _· =,-;;....;.;;._4--_..::.=..:..:..:.-+-----+---2
:;.;lc.c4~--_c;.;
2.t:;.;4~ - - - Apprentices in building and construction.... ... ...........
2
50
50
48
48
Asphalt workers ...... . .......................... , . .... ••••
8
40
40
32
32
Blasters (except in mines) .... •••.••.•••·• .. . ..... •·••·•••
66
66
64
64
4
Caisson workers •••••• ••.•••.•• ••• • ••••• ,, ••••• •• ••••• •• ••••
7
4
3
Callrers ...................................... , ••••••••••••
37
37
36
36
1
Firemen (except locomotive and fire depe.rtmen.t) •••••••••••
20
20
683
683
659
659
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
~~=~t:r(n~=~~:t :~. ~:~~'.:::::::: :: :::: :::::::::::: ::::::
'Includes workers 16 through 64 years of age.
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
2
2,~!~
lncludes white., Negro,. other, and tm.kno·-Hll color or ra.ce.
2,1!~
'Not elsewhere claesified.
71
OCCUPATION
TABLE 1-WORKERS ON RELlEF, BY USUAL OCCUPATION, COLOR, AND SEX, FOR THE STATE: MARCH 1935-Continued
WHITE
TOTAL
NEGRO
USUAL OCCUPATION
TOTAL
l'!ALE
FEl'!.ALE
TOTAL
MALE
FE!'IALE
95
96
97
98
99
100
SEMISKILLED WORKERS IN BlJJG. AND CONSTRUCTION - Cont.
Opere.tors of building and construction equipment •• •• • • • ••
Pipelayers ..... .. . .... . .. .. .. .. . ... ..... .. ... .... .. .... . .
Rodm<'ln and chaimnen (surveying) ••••••• ••• • • • •.• ••••••.•••
Truck and tractor d r i vars .. . . . .............. . . .. . . . .... .. .
We l ders • •• , •••••• • •••• • ••• •• • • •••••• • ••••. • • •. • • • • •••• • ••
Other se:ni a killed wo r kers in bui lding and construction •••
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
52 702
34 424
SE.'1ISKI LLED WOR.liERS IN MFG . .AND OTHER INDUSTRIES .• • ••• • 1--- "-3.:....•9:...c
l2'-'6 ~--'-0;.;:;5.,.;,2:c.:2:.::l'-+--'Jc.::
.8.,_7...:0:..:.7' - + --=-=....:=---+----':.a.L=-::.::'-!----=
l:.::
8L, 2::.:7--=8--..._
Bcl:e r s .. .. ...... .. . . .... . .. . ... . .. . . . .......... .. ........
G77
650
27
26
658
632
!l ralromen (re.ilroad) .... . ... • .. . • • • • • • • • • . • • • . • • • • . • . • • • • •
249
249
247
247
Deliverymen.... . ............. . .. . . . ...... . ...... . .. . .....
2 , 093
2, 093
2, 053
2 , 053
Dressmakers and mi ll iners .......... . .. .. .. . .... .. ........
1 , 317
11
1 , 306
1 , 237
1, 226
11
Filers, grinde r s , buff'ors , !llld polishe r s (metal ) ..... . ...
59 9
5'72
27
594
567
27
Furnacemen, heaters , smeHerme:o, etc . (metal working) ,...
'/4
74
70
70
Guards , watchmen, and door k e epers (0:x.cept rail r oad) ......
424
424
4 14
414
ilandicrnft workers: textile , wood, lea ther, metal, etc .. .
11
6
11
6
Ina ide workers: mineG ••••••••••• ,... .. ......... . . . .. . ... .
54
54
53
53
111
112
113
114
Operatives (n . o . c.) in mfg. and allied industr ies ••• • • • ••
Chemical and al lied indust r ie s .... . .... . ..... . ... . ... ..
Cigar, cigarette , and toba cco f a c to r i e s •.•.•• • •••••• •• •
Clay , glass, and stone industries • •• •••• • • • •• • • • • • •••••
·12 , 111
477
174
193
25,058
31 2
118
185
17,053
16 5
56
115
116
117
118
Clothing industries •• • • • •••.•.••••.•• • • . •.•.•• • ••••••••
Shirt, collar e.nd cuff facto r ies ••••• • •• • •• • •••••. • ••
Suit, coat, and dress f a ctor ies • • •••••• • ••• • ••.•• •• ••
Cl othing industr ies (n.e . c , ) , ......... . ... ... ... . ... .
3 , 502
114
945
2 , 413
586
8
220
35 8
350
214
102
6 , 983
283
2, 765
344
212
100
6 , 812
276
2 ,716
3£.3
214
102
6 , 983
283
2 , 765
l1ALE
'.l"OIAL
344
212
100
6 , 81 2
276
2,716
8
1
1
131
4
35
24 , 559
302
116
179
16, 712
165
55
8
41 , 271
4 67
171
1 87
2 , 916
136
726
2 , 055
3 , 386
139
893
2 , 364
566
8
213
347
2 , 318
131
680
2 , 007
8
1
1
131
4
35
829
531
___::.::.::.._-1--=c....+17
16
27
69
27
515
10
294
10
2
3
s
-----=.:
29::.,:8;___
l
69
89
221
81
4
42
35
4
47
38
119
El ectr ir: 1 igllt and pc.,wer plan t s.. ........ .... . . .. ..... .. .
32
29
1 20
121
122
123
Food and beverage induzt ries • •••••• • ••• • ••. •• •• • • • • • •••
Bakeries .. . .. .. ... ....... . .. . .... .. . . ... . . .. .... . . ... .. .
Slaughter and meat packing houses ••••• • • . •• •• ••••••• •
Food and bes'e r nge indust,-ies (n.e . c . ) . .... . ........ ..
1 , 917
203
163
1 , 551
852
95
132
625
1 , 065
108
31
926
1 , 881
201
1 54
1 , 526
828
94
1 25
609
1 , 053
107
29
124
125
126
127
128
129
lrol! a:nd steel, machinery, and vehicle industr ies •.• •. •
Automobile fact ories . ... ..... . .. . . .. .. . . .... ........ .
Automobile repair shops ............ . .. . .. . ... . .. . . . .. .
Blast furnaces and steel r ol l ing mills . . . ..... . ..... .
Car and railroad sh ops .................. . ... . .. ... . . .
Iron and stee l , mnchinery, &: vehic l e i'1d 1 s (n. e , c . ) ••
2,827
355
61
314
106
1 , 991
2 , 560
329
61
296
101
1 ,773
267
26
2 , 507
322
59
289
99
1 , 738
263
26
4
4
4
3
218
2 , 770
348
59
307
1 03
1 , 953
215
20
2
18
130
131
132
133
134·
Laundries and dry cleaning estab lishments ••••••••••• •• •
Lllll!ber and fu r niture industr ies • • •••••• • •• •• •• • ••• • • • • •
Metal industries (except iron and steel) •• • . •• • • ••• • •• ,
Paper, printing, a:nd all iect ind us tries • • .• • • • •••••• • •••
Shoe factories • ••• • ••••••••••••••••••••••.•• • • •• •••••••
1 , 226
1 , 212
913
1 , 961
8 , 0 97
409
1 , 109
642
1 , 096
5 , 348
817
1 03
271
865
2 , 749
1 ,104
1 , 196
897
1 , 939
7 , 992
377
1 , 09G
630
1 , 082
5 , 268
727
1 01
267
857
2 , ? 24
107
4
4
11
28
23
135
136
137
1 38
Textile industries •••••••••• • •.. • .•..•• . • •• ••• • ••• , •.,.
Cotton !llills ••••• • ••• •• ••••• •• • • • • ••••• • •••••••• •• • • •
Woolen and worsted mills ... . ........ . . . . . .......... ..
Textile indust r ies (n . e . c . ) , ......... . .. .. • ........ ,.
13,406
5,801
3 , 744
3 , 861
7 , 615
3 , 375
2 , 309
1 , 931
5 , 791
2 , 426
1 , 435
1 , 930
13 , 168
5 , 672
3 , 703
3 , 793
7 , 449
3 , 275
2,283
1 , 890
5 , 719
2 , 396
1 ,420
1 , 903
146
103
2
41
112
86
1
25
34
17
11
29
18
5
917
18
17
16
5
12
5
11
32
3
2
29
25
82
4
4
8
1
16
139
Misc. a:nd not specified manufuctu r ing industries •••••• ,
6 , 1'14
4 , 197
1 , 977
6 , 081
4 ,1 29
1 ,952
61
50
140
141
142
143
Painters, va r.iishera, enamelers , otc . (fa cto ry ) ••. ·· • • •••
Switcbnen, flagnen , and ya r dmen ( r ail road) ••••••• • •• • • •••
Taxicab d rivers , hus drive r s , and chauffe urs ....... , ••••• ••
Other se:niskille d workers in mfg . and othe r indu str ie s •••
584
115
1 , 801
3 , 819
543
115
1 , 742
3 , 630
41
573
112
1 , 701
3 , 708
532
112
1 , 642
3 , 526
41
8
2
8
2
59
182
88
87
88
80
144
145
146
147
148
149
26 069
25 882
UNSKILLED LABORERS (EXCEPT lN AGRICULTURE) •••• • ••••••• •1--__;;~;.;..7<.,;';i=.::.1
4 -+_..::2c.:..
7.&.al::.::2cc
2-+---'l:.::9cc
2-+--"-"-..__..:._t-__;;=-::.;;.::.-+---'l=-=
8c:..7- + ----=c
lL:0:.::l 7
Labore r s in manufactur ing and a ll ied industries ........ . .
5 ,"359
5 , 200
1 59
157
100
5,216
5 , 059
Clay , glass , a.".ld s t one industr ies ......... .. . . .........
141
141
2
139
139
I r on encl stee l , machine ry, and vehicl e industries ......
871
863
8
31
835
827
Lumba; and furniture iniiustrioi; ,.. ... .. .. . . . . ..........
259
256
3
2
6
253
251
Other manufacturing and allied industr ies , ......... , •• ,
4 , 088
3 , 940
148
147
61
3 , 989
3 , 842
31
5
60
150
151
1 52
153
1 54
155
156
1 57
158
159
160
161
Labo r ers except in mfg . and all i e d industries • • • •••••••••
l'Iines , quar r i es , and oil end gas wel l s ••..••••••.••••• ,
Odd jobs (general) •••••••••.••..•••••.. • .••.•• • •·· • ••••
Railroads (ste ru:i and str e e t) ............... . ... . ...... .
Roads, s t reets , e.nd sewe r s •••••••••••••••••••••• •• •• •••
Stores (including porte r s in sto r es) ••••.••••••••••• , ••
Laborers and helpers (n. e . c , ) in bld g. and const • • •••••
Longshoremen and stevedores ••••••••••••••• • ••••••••••••
Lumbennen , raftsmen , and woodchoppers •••.••••••••••••••
Street cleaner::; , garbage men , 0...'1 d scavenge r s • •••• . •••••
Tear.,sters wid draymen ••••••••••••• • ••• • ••..••••••.•••••
Other le.borers , except mf'g . ,u1d allied ind ' s (n . .. . c . ) ••
162
163
164
165
166
167
16C
169
170
171
172
173
174
175
14 320
5 673
DOMESTIC AND PERSONAL SERVICE IIORKERS ••••.• • •••.•••••• •1---~
16 •:_c3~7-'7 -+-.....;;.,
6 •r...;;6c::l.=4 -+_-'"
9 '-'7...;c
6.;;_
3 -+-~'-"-='.:;...._t--"-'-"'-'-"--+--"8 '-'6'"'
4-'7 -+-----=-l._,9""
3"3 - + - - - '8""
8"6 -+-----=l ._,0'-"'4 7 -'Bar be r and beauty shop wo r ke r s ••••••••••••.•••••••••••• ••
838
603
235
225
21
12
9
811
586
Bootble.cks .... . ................. •• • • • • .. • • • • .. • • • • • • • • • ••
147
146
1
1
25
25
1 21
1 20
Cl eliilors and che.rwomen ........................ , • ••· .... ,.
1, 019
1 75
844
687
181
28
8 34
117
153
Cooks and chefs (except in p r ivate family) ..... . . . .......
1 , 177
977
200
180
1 79
159
981
801
20
Elevato r ope r ato rs . . ..... . ... . ...........................
371
3 00
71
48
75
52
294
246
23
J anitors , caretake r s , and sextons ........... . ............
987
969
18
804
15
179
176
789
3
Laund r esses (not in laundry ) ••••••••.••••••••••• • ••• • • ,•.
164
6
158
94
89
69
1
5
68
Port<> r s (except in stor es ) •••••. • •.•••••••• • •••.•••••• ,..
286
285
1
147
1
1 39
13 9
1 46
Practioal nu r ses , hospital a ttendants, and or de r lies .....
953
21 5
738
924
714
20
2
21 0
18
Servants (hotels , boar di ng h ouses , etc . ) (n . e . c.) ........
1 , 477
989
4 88
1,347
447
1 22
85
900
37
Servants (pr ivate famil y ) ................................
4 , 525
83
4 , 442
3 , 805
625
20
3 , 867
62
605
Wa i to r s , wa itr e s ses, and ba rtenders ... ...................
1 ,712
484
1 , 228
1, 570
1 , 185
127
93
385
34
Othe r d0t00stic and personal se r vice wo r ke r s ..............
2,721
1, 382
1, 339
1, 250
1 71
94
2 , 5 26
1 , 276
77
176
177
1 76
17 9
h n,s,:
5 . 151
FARM OPERATORS AND lABORERS ......................... . . •1---=..
5 •c.:6c::.
03= --1---"'
5 "'--'4"'5-'7 -+---=l'-"
4 "6 -+--"''-""-~t--~"""---+----"'<88 - + - - - "4'-"0"'-3-+---"3'-"4"'6 -+----"
5-'--7
Farm f or eman, manage r s , and ove r see r s . . ..................
113
112
1
1
2
2
111
110
Far m l abore rs ............................... •··•.........
3 , 81 8
3 , 681
137
79
355
298
3 ,430
3 , 351
57
1, 61 0
Farmers ...... .... . .... ............ . ....... ······••··•••• ·
1 , 6 72
1, 664
8
1, 602
46
46
180
181
18 2
13 184
33 622
INEXPERIENCED PERSONS •••••••••• • •••••••••••••••••••••• •1--....::.
34
::.,.;.7.::.
36= --+-_;:;.
13
::.L.:::6C:.
45
= --+--"2:J
l i..::Ocec
9,e_l-+--"-""="'--+---"'=~-+-~
~o '-"""""<A -+_ _....1,A,.,,_
1-.;,.__
" +----":,;.,..._4
R-+_ _....:;AwA~l>
Persons 16- 24 yea rs of a ge ( inc l usive) •, •• , •• ••••••••••••
25 , 087
1 2 ,73 6
1 2 ,3 51
11, 996
599
326
24 ,301
1 2 , 305
273
Pe r sons 25 years o f a ge and over ................ , .... ,...
9 , 649
909
8 ,740
8 , 442
23 7
22
9 ,321
8 79
215
183
UNKNOWN OCCUPATION. • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • . • • ••••••••• , ••
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
21 , 955
175
1 , 374
1 , 060
4 , 734
1 , 320
7 , 617
498
588
72
9 73
3, 544
8 . 994
21, 922
1 75
1 , 3 70
1 , 0 60
4 , 734
1, 309
7 , 617
498
588
72
973
3 , 526
5 8 76
59
1 89
33
11
18
3 118
20, 853
171
1 , 214
1,015
4 , 535
1 , 210
7 , 332
4 27
573
69
940
3 , 367
7 6~ !i
20 , 823
171
1 , 210
1 , 015
4 , 535
1 , 200
7, 332
427
5 73
69
940
3 , 351
" "",
30
10
917
2
143
38
156
99
233
68
914
2
143
38
1 56
98
233
68
9
9
24
2·1
140
3
16
2 554
142
80
38
42
WORKERS ON RELIEF-MICHIGAN
72
TABLE l-WORKERS 1 ON RELIEF, BY USUAL OCCUPATION, COLOR, AND SEX, FOR THE STATE: MARCH 1935
2
WHITE
TOTAL
NEGRO
USUAL OCCUPATION
TOTAL .•• • ••••••• •••••• ••••, • •
TOTAL
HALE
1 97,614
156 , 810
FfflALE
40 , 804
FEl1ALE
TOTAL
MALE
179 , 554
144 .• 47 7
MALE
TOTAL
35 , 0 77
1 6 , 142
FEl1ALE
10 , 734
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
1 126
5 27 l - - - -..=::~80
1. 653
116
PROFESSIONAL AND TECHNICAL WORKERS ••••••.•••••••• •••• • • • l----'1~
77'-'7:..+-----'l::..t•..::.21:.:0:.+----"5 6"-'7' --l-----'~~~--=..<.=~
- ---"-!::.!...- -~-1-2
20
4
25
17
8
14
Actors.. ... ... .................................. . ....... ..
23
23
Architects . .. .... ..... ........... ,., .... ..... . . ....... . ...
23
23
47
41
Arti s ts, s c u l ptor s , and t eache r s of a rt ••.•• •••• ••• • ,.....
48
42
34
33
34
33
Chemists, assayer s , and meta llur gists .................... .
35
33
60
58
Cl e r gymen and r e ligious worke r s ...........................
95
91
22
4
18
Designers......... ......... .. .. .. .........................
23
19
152
1
151
Draftsme n ............ . ...... . .. • • • • • • • • • • . • • • • • • • . • • • • • • • •
153
152
220
220
Engineers ( t e chnical)........ . ................. ...........
222
222
Lawye rs , j udge s , and j ust icas .............................
18
18
15
15
2
13
11
13
2
11
Librarians and librar ians' as s istants .... . ........ ........
68
32
24
7G
266
1 98
Musi cians e.nd t eache r s of musi c ••••• ,... . . .. .. ........ .. ..
298
222
121
6
1
128
133
12
Nurses (trained or regi s t e r ed) . ... . .............. . ........
141
13
12
11
1
1
Physicians , surgeons, and de ntis t s ....... .. ...............
12
11
4
8
23
17
6
Playground and r ec r eational worke r s ........ . .... . .........
27
19
4
4
20
16
Reporte r s , editors , and journalists ....... ................
21
17
18
19
20
Teache r s •• • • •• ••••••••••••••• •• .•• ••• •••••. • ••• • ••••••••••
College instructo r s and pr ofessor s ••••••••• . ••• ••• , •••••
Pr imary and s econdary s choo l, and teache r s (n. e , c . H ....
396
11
385
8
3
109
276
376
11
365
115
8
107
261
3
258
21
Ot he r professional wo r ke r s •.. • , • • • • .• ••. . ..• , •••.• ,, ••• • ••
53
36
17
52
35
17
22
Othe r semipr ofessiona l wo r kers •• • • ••••••••••• •.• ••• ••• ••••
175
1
21
153
1 56
19
18
5
165
1
20
141
147
lG
139
15
131
5
13
2
3
4
5
23
Abstracters , notaries , and Just) ce s. of pea. ce .......... • • •
24
25
Techni cians and laboratory assistants ••••••••••.••••••••
Semipr ofessi onal wo r ke r s (n . e . c . ) .................... . ..
117
279
14
18
16
16
2 199
2 254
55
166
159
PROPRIETORS, MANAGERS , AND OFF I CIALS (EXCEPT AGRIC . ) .... 1----=2.,_4:;,;2:..:::8-+---"2.,,;3""6"6"- + - - - - - '6"'2-+--".L:::.S'-=--+.---===-+----'"'-~--"-""'-+---=-'
492
4 91
28
28
1
Bu ilding contracto r s • ••• • ••••. • ••••• , . ,....... . ...........
522
521
1
68
68
Foreste r s , fo r est range r s , and timb" r crui s ers , . .. ... .....
69
69
75
74
357
353
4
Hu ckster s , pedd lers , and junk and r ag de a lers .......... .. .
434
429
6
63
6
63
Trucking , transfe r and cab compan ies , and garnges .... ... ..
69
69
31
28
20
583
17
600
Retail deale r s and man age r s ( n . e . c . ) . . . . .... ..... ........ .
631
611
36
674
641
33
23
26
Othe r proprietor~ , managers, and offici a ls . . ..............
703
66 7
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
OFFICE WORKERS ••••• • •• •• •.. . .•.•...• ••• •• ••• •••••• •••• • • l----"
5.,_;,3=-e3"°
9-+-_
Bookkeepers , accountants , and audito rs . . ... . .. .. ..... .. . ..
650
Ca sh i ers (e xcept in banks) ................................
1 24
Cl e rks (n . e . c . ) . . .... . . ......... .... . .. ... . .... . ...... ....
2 , 844
Messe n ge r s and of fi ce b oys •• •••.• •••.•• , . ........ .. . .... ..
161
Off ice mnchine ope r ato r s ,.... . .. ........... . . .... ... ... ...
38
Office manage r s and bank telle rs . . .. ...... . . .... . ... . .....
56
Stenographers , stenot:ypists, and d ict a phone operator s .. ...
529
Tele g r aph and radio ope r ators. .... ............. ....... . . ..
107
T<,le phone ope r ato r s ...... . .. ........ ........ .... ..... ... ..
200
Typists ••• •• •• • • , .,,., •••••••••••• • •. ,.,., •• , • • •• • ,.,, . ,. .
405
Othe r clerica.l and allie d worke r s .........................
225
__::.
3.,_;,3:;.;4"°
6-+---=
l.,_;,9;;9"°
3'-+_
42 8
222
25
99
2 , 252
592
1 54
7
11
27
51
5
34
495
101
6
17
183
54
351
21 9
6
3 , 249
5,1 93
1,944
__:::=:~~-.::.!::;..;.::-+---=..!..;.;:..;....~
643
425
218
98
26
1 23
2,745
2,170
5 75
150
156
6
37
26
11
50
55
5
4 84
517
33
10 7
101
6
200
17
183
33 7
390
53
220
214
6
46
46
47
48
49
50
51
SALESMEN AND KINDRED WORKERS .• •• •• ••••• •. ••.•• . .•••••..• 1---..::5.,_,5,:.,:3:..:,7-+-_
Canvasser s (solicitors , any ) ................ .... ..........
136
Commercial t r avel., r s • • •• • ••••• • •••••..• • , . .. .. . .. . .. .. . . ..
49
Hews boys •••••• ••• ,., • • ,,,, ,, . ••. , ••••• , • • • • • • • • . • . • • • • . • • .
80
Real estate agents and insu r ance a1sent s ... . . ... . . ... . .....
412
Snlesmen and saleswomen (reta il store s) .... . .... .. . .......
3,566
Othe r sales pe r sons and kind r ed workers , • •.••• •• ·: . • •• • ,..
1 ,2 94
_.:::4.,_,0::.:8::.::9:..+_
105
49
80
396
2,242
1, 217
3 973
122
5 403
1 430
__:::L.:::=..~--==c...+----"L:!"'--l---132
102
30
4
49
49
77
77
393
16
380
13
3 , 488
2 ,176
1,312
71
1 , 1 89
1, 264
75
29
62
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
20 040
::-:4c':5- + - - '2"'1"'-0
::-:4c'5: + - ---+---'=.t."-='=c...+SKILLED WORKERS AND FOREMEN IN BLDG. AND CONSTRUCTION •• 'l----'2:.::l.._0
584
Dlacksmi ths , ••••• , • , • , , • •• , •••••• , •••••• , ••• • , , , , •• , • , • • • .
596
596
141
Boilermake r s •. ••••.•• • •••• , • •• •• •• • •• , , •• •••••• , • • • • • • • • • •
148
148
1,348
Oricklay ers and stonemasons . .... ...... . .......... .........
1 ,461
1 , 461
6 , 182
Carpenters .............. , .. .... .. .. . ........ ... ,..........
6 , 358
6 , 358
802
Cement finishers ...... . ... . .. ..... ... . . . ........... ... ....
998
998
Electric i ans .... ,,., , ... , .. ,. , .... .. , ••• , ............ ,... .
1, 050
1, 050
1, 032
Foremen : c onstruct ion (except road) •• ,,,, • . . ••••• ,,.......
364
364
354
342
Foremen : road and s tre e t constructi on ..... ....... .........
345
345
1 , 131
Operators o r enG inee r s : stat ' y anci port . constr . equip ' t . .
1,209
1,20 9
5 , 005
Painte r s (not i n facto ry ) ........... .. ....................
5 , 192
5 , 192
103
Pape r hange r s ................. .. ... . .................... . .
111
111
Plastere r s •• ,, .... ... , • •••••. •• •••••• , .... . ... . .... ,... ...
667
GG 7
556
1 , 200
Plumbe r s , gas and steam fitte r s ............ .. .. ,.. ........
1, 224
1 , 224
270
Roofe r s •• ••••••••••• , •• ,, • ••• • • • •• .•• ,,, ••• , •• , ••• ,,,,, •• ,
274
274
115
Sheet metal worke r s .............. . ........ ........... .. ...
116
116
79
Stonecutte r s and c a r ve r s ••••.••••••• ,,., •••• , .• , •• • ,.,, .. .
83
83
285
Struc tu r a l i ron and s tee 1 worke r s ... .. ... ...... ....... ....
296
296
160
Setters: marble , stone , and tile .. ..... ............. .. ....
166
166
351
Othe r skilled worke r s i n building and construction . .. ... . .
387
387
20 040
887
-=cc:..=-+---_..:=-4--~"-'--l584
10
141
6
1 , 348
105
6 , 182
138
802
l89
1 , 032
12
354
9
342
3
1 , 131
74
5 , 005
152
103
8
556
111
1 , 200
20
270
3
115
1
79
2
285
8
160
5
351
31
897
10
6
105
13 8
189
12
9
3
74
152
8
111
20
3
1
2
8
5
31
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
742
1
17
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
11 725
11.617
108
743
SKILLED WORKERS AND FOREMEN IN l1FG. & OTHER INDUSTRIES • • t - - "1"'"
2""5~3':c
7-+--=l;.::;2.<.4,:;;2c;c8- + - - - 'l::.::Oc::.9-+--==.Z..:,.:"'-+-----''-"-'-'e.=..!.-+---"-'"'--l----~=-4496
Cabinetmake r s ••• , ••• , • ••••••••••••••• •• .•• ••••• ,·, •• •• ,.. ..
498
498
4 96
1
Cobblers and shoe r epairme n , ••• • • •• • .•••• •••••• •• .• • , ••• • ,
251
250
230
229
17
Conductors: steam and street railroads , and buses .........
83
83
83
83
21
Foremen ( in facto r ies) .......... .. ........ . .. ......... ....
468
447
447
427
20
20
19
562
543
Fore men and inspector s ( exce pt in factori es) , • . , .. . .......
578
559
19
12
454
454
Locomotive enginee r s and fir emen ....... .... ..... . .........
465
4o5
8
2 , 635
2 , 635
Machinists , millwri ght s , and toolmake r s ,............ ... ...
2 , 689
2 , 689
44
2 , 915
2 , 91 5
Mechanic s (n. e.c.).. .......... .. . .. .. . .. ........ .. ... .... .
3, 08 7
3, 087
154
994
994
Molde r s , founde r s , and caste r s (metal).. .......... .... ....
1 , 356
1 , 356
349
Sawye r s , ••• . , ••• , , , ••• , • • , , • •••• , ••• ••. , , , •••• , • . . . • • • • • • •
64 2
642
623
623
10
14
361
347
Skilled worker s in pr inting and engr aving , ••••••••• • , .. . ..
364
350
14
3
18
152
Tailor s and fu rr ie r s .... .... .... .. .......... ..... .. ..... ..
175
157
134
18
22
Tinsmiths and coppe r smiths ........................ .. ......
395
395
388
388
6
Metal wo r ke r s (exce pt go l d and silve r ) (n .e.c . ) .. .. • • • .. ..
413
413
333
333
79
1 , 016
Skilled wor ke r s in mfg . and othe r industr i es (n . e.c . ) .. .. .
1, 0 73
1 , 03 7
36
1 , 052
36
18
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
SEMISKILLED WORKERS IN BVILDING AND CONSTRllCTION .... ... .
12 , 789
12 , 789
11 , 81 2
11 , 812
Apprentices in bu ild ing and constru ction, ................. t - - - ' - ,4""°
5 - + -..::._'---.4"'5- + - ---t-__;;;~:.;:.:;:.-+~-=.::..<..::.;c;:.-~--44
44
10
10
As phalt wo r ke r s ...... .................... .. ......... .. .,.,
72
72
28
28
Blaste r s ( e x cept i n mines ) ,, • • ••• •••• • ,..... . ....... . .. . . .
28
28
17
17
Caisson workers •••.••••.• ••..... . .. . ......... . ..... . .........
21
21
48
48
Calkers , ••• ,,,,,,,.,.,,, •• • , •••••••••• ,.,,,, ••• ,.,., •••• ,.
53
53
1 , 246
1 , 246
Fireme n ( e xc e pt locomotive and fire depart'!l8nt ) ........ . ..
1,325
1, :;25
80
'Inc l udes wor ke r s 1 6 through 64 year s of a ge .
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
16
1, 324
77
'Includes white, Negr o, other , and unknown color or race.
36
2
18
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
_.:::1"-44;:.;o:8-+_
31
5 , 408
124
5
1
88
4
1
1
7
84
1
73
3
12
5
40
4
1
15
1
1
11
109
3
13
2
14
63
27
19
12
8
44
154
349
10
3
22
6
79
18
884
884
- + - --=c:::__-1------'=
2
2- - 4 - - - - = - 62
62
3
5
74
Ji.ot elsewh ere c lass ified ,
74
73
OCCUPATION
TABLE I-WORKERS ON RELIEF, BY USUAL OCCUPATION, COLOR, AND SEX, FOR THE STATE: MARCH 1935-Continued
TOTAL
WHITE
NEGRO
USUAL OCCUPATION
TOTAL
MALE
FEMALE
TOTAL
FfflALE
MALE
FfflALE
MALE
TOIAL
95
96
97
98
99
100
SEMISKILLED WORKERS IN BLDG. AND CON STRUCTION - Cont.
Ope rato rs of building and construction e qu ipment .• •••• •••
Pipe l ayers •• ••••••••• • •••••••••••••• ••• ••••• •••• • • . ••••• •
Rodman and chainme n (su rve ying) •••.•••• • •••• •• .• ••••• ••••
Truck and tract or drivers •••• . •••.•••••••••••••...••.••••
Welders • •••••••••••••••••••.•••••••••••••.•••••.•••••••••
Other semiski lle d wor ke rs in building and construction . • .
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
10 9
110
SEMISK I LLED WORKERS IN MFG . AND OTHER INDUSTRIES ...•••• .,__3~1~ 2o"-'5'-+_ _2~ 7---'--"89~ 5'--+_---'3~ 3~
6 0' - - + _29~ 300
~ ~ - t - -26
~ 164
Be.lee r s .................. . .. . .... . . . . . • • • • • • • • • • • • . . . • • • • •
410
38 2
28
397
372
Erakeme n (railroad ) ..... ... .... ...... ...... ..... .. . ......
221
221
21 7
2 17
Deliverymen..............................................
477
477
4S6
456
Dressmakers and milliners .... . . ....... ............. ......
642
15
G2?
57 8
13
Filers , gr inders , buf fe rs, and pol i she rs (me tal ) . . .......
2 , 305
2, 284
21
2 , 139
2 , 118
Furnacemen, he aters , sme ltermen, etc . (me tal working ) ....
313
313
185
185
3 91)
Guards, watchmen, and doo r keepers (except rail road) ......
417
41 7
390
Handi c ra f t v,o r ke rs: textile . wood , le a ther, metal, etc ...
23
14
16
11
4 , 16 2
4 , 162
Inside workers: mines ••••••• ··•••••· ··•·• •·· · · •·• ··••••·•
4 , 186
,1 , 186
111
112
113
114
Ope rative s ( n . e . c.) in mfg . and all ied industries ••••••••
Chemical and allie d indust r ies • • • ••••• •••••• ••••••••.••
Ci gar , cigarette , and to bacc o factor ies •...••• • ••••••••
Clay , g lass , and stone indust ries • • • • •••••••• ••••••••••
17 , 992
105
129
203
15, 534
92
41
191
2 , 458
13
88
12
16 , 845
9G
122
190
14 , 531
83
10
178
2 , 314
13
82
12
9
6
12
9
1
115
116
117
118
Clot h ing indu s tries ••••••••.•.••...•••.... •.• •. •. ••••••
Shirt , collar and cuff f a ctories •••••••••••.•..••.•••
Suit , coat , and dres s fa ctorie s .•••••••••••.•.•••••••
Clothing indust ri es ( n . e . c . ) ••••••••••.•••.••••••••••
396
66
57
27.3
G6
15
17
34
330
51
380
64
48
26 f
58
14
12
32
3 22
50
3G
236
13
394
21 5
68
8 , 586
8 35
1 , 146
39 4
215
68
8 , 586
83G
1 , 146
338
202
67
8 , 049
791
972
10
239
338
20 2
67
8 , 049
791
97 2
55
12
1
468
41
161
55
12
468
41
161
lG
153
124
27
1
16
1 , 0 24
89 4
1
GO
130
12
119
Electric light a nd powe r plant s •.••• • •• •••• •••••. .•.•••
15
15
1 20
121
122
123
Food and beve r age indu stries •••• ••• •• ••••..•••• ••••• •••
Bake r i e s •. ..••• ••• .•• •• • •• •••.••. ••••..••••• ••• •••.••
Slaughter and meat packing houses • ••• • •• . ••••.•••••••
Food and beve rage indust ries (n . e . c.). ••••••.••••••••
706
163
105
438
461
110
86
265
124
125
126
127
128
129
Iron and ste el , mach i nery, and vehicle indust r i e s •.••.•
Automobi l e fa ctor ie s •.•. ••••• • ••.•••• •• .•••••••• •••••
Automobile repair shops •••••• • .• •• ••••.. • , ••. • .••••.•
Blas t furnaces and steel r oll ing mills •.•••.•••••••••
Car and railroad shops •••••••••••••••.•••••••••••••••
I r on and steel, machinery, &: vehi c le lnd 's ( n . e .c.) ••
11 , 141
9 ,17 3
85
12 4
178
1 , 581
10 , 605
8 , 742
85
116
1 77
1 , 485
130
131
132
133
134
Laundrie s and d ry c l e aning establi shmen ts ••••••• •• •••••
Lumbe r and f'urn i ture indu str i es •••••••••••• •••••• ••••• •
Met al i ndust r ies (ex cept i r on and s t eel) •• •••• • •••••• •.
Pape r, printing , and allied industries •••• ••• ••• • •••• ••
Shoe f act or ies •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••
708
2 , 204
515
72 6
59
268
2 , 068
42~
5G 2
42
135
136
137
138
Te xti l e indust r ies •.••••••••• ; •.• •..•...•.•• •.•••• •••••
Cotton mill s •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••.•••••••
Woo len and worsted mills • •••••• • • •• •••• ••• ••• ••• •••• •
Te xtile i ndust rie s ( n. e . c . ) •••••.•••......••...•••• ·••
3 14
106
24
277
15
88
139
Misc . and not spe c ified manufactu r ing ind ustries •••••••
771
59 3
140
141
142
143
Pa i nt e r s , va rn ishe rs, ename le r s , e tc . ( factory) .•...•••••
Sv,i t chmen , flagmen , and ya rdmen ( railroad ) • •• •• •••• ••••••
Taxi c a b d ri vers , bu s drive rs, and ch auffe urs~ •. · ·•··· ·•••
Other sem iskille d v,o r ke r s in mfg. and other industries •••
1 , 0 46
1 , 015
232
599
2 , 206
144
145
146
147
148
149
28 53 9
28 0 34
UNSKILLED LABORERS (EXCEPT IN AGRICULTURE) •••.•••••••• •t---3=2'-L."80=3'-+---3=2'-'-"26,..3' - + - - - ~
5-'-'10'-+---=.....,."-"-+----=--""-c..+--~
5=
0 ""- +----'3"-'-',
6"-'
ll= -+----'3"-'-"5-"81= -+----"3l:l;_
Labore r s i n man ufactu r ing and all ied i nd ustri e s.. .. ..... .
8 , 589
8 , 186
403
385
1 , 473
1 , 458
15
G, 95 9
6 , 57 4
Clay , gla ss , and s t one industrie s ......................
22 4
22 1
3
3
lC
16
202
199
I r on an d s tee l, machine ry, and vehic le i ndu stries ... . ..
4 , 823
4 , 749
74
70
1, 135
1 , 132
3 , 612
3 , 542
1 , 290
l , 2G4
Lumber and f urni t ure indus t r ies •••. ·•••· • • . · · ···· ·••· ·•
1 , 352
1 , 325
27
26
11
10
Ot her manufa ctu ring =d all i ed indu stries . . ............
2 , 190
1 , 891
299
28G
3 11
300
1,855
1 , 569
11
1 50
1 51
152
153
154
155
1 56
157
Laborers exce pt in mfg. and allie d indu st rie s ..•••.••••••
Mines, qu ar rie s , and oil and ga s we lls ••.••••• • ..• •••••
Odd j ob s (genera l ) •••• .••••. .•. ••• •• . .. .. ..••.• ••..••••
liailroads (ste am and s t reet ) •••••••••••••••••••••••••••
Ro a ds , st: reet s , and sewe rs ............................. .
St o r es ( includ ing po r te rs in s t ores) ••• .•• • ••••••• •••• •
Laborers and helpers (n .e.c.) in bl d g . and cons t •.• •• ••
Lon ,;shoremen 9,nd stevedores ••• ••• . •••••••••••••••••••••
24 , 214
1 58
1 59
Lumbennc n , ra ft smen , and woorlchoppc r s ••••••• •••••••• •••
St r eet c l e ane rs, garbage men , n..'"1 G s c a v e n ,;:e r s ••••..•.•••
3 , 06 5
160
16 1
TeFl1!lste r s and d raymen ••••••••.•••••••••••••••••••••••.•
Other labore r s , except mfg . and all i ed ind ' s (n . e . c . ) ..
lL
15
658
16 1
75
122
421
108
GO
2 53
237
53
lS
1G9
45
29
14
39
2
25
12
10 , 372
8 , 618
67
102
174
1 , 411
9 , 842
8 , 192
530
4.26
682
484
18
20
G78
4.81
18
20
157
3
1 56
533
2, 18 2
483
716
19G
2 , 016
;;92
b7
,10
301
12
23
266
99
202
10
11
83
9
183
178
740
sec
174
26
23
93 2
2 2G
464
2 , 087
30
71
71
4
4
1
182
96 2
226
468
2, 259
4
135
106
135
101
24S
G3
19
1 73
536
,131
8
1
96
, :o
136
91
164
17
13
23 2
603
2, 388
1 , 002
G, 919
1, 4 11
4 , 40 1
593
4 ,1 68
99
87
710
1 , 759
24 , 0 77
1 , 002
6 , 8 28
1 , 4 11
4 , 101
586
4 , 168
99
3 , 0 65
87
710
l , 720
137
91
39
2
G7
94
173
1 , 31G
5S5
21 , 580
994
G, 403
1 , 276
4 , 044
431
21 , 4GO
994
G, 32 2
1, 276
'1 , 044
427
3 , 2 S6
3 , 25G
87
2 , 943
62
682
1 , 402
87
2 , 943
G2
ci62
1 , 367
8
l
95
71
12
30
337
13f;
91
lGl
17
9~
12
1
1
10
172
120
2 , 138
2 , 123
6
81
358
91
280
156
883
10
6
3GO
15
91
280
153
88 3
10
5
35
22
21
30G
22
21
30 2
162
163
164
165
166
16 7
168
169
1 70
171
172
173
174
175
68~
3 -t--~
2~
811
DOMESTJC AND PERSONAL SERVICE WORK ERS ••••••••••.••••••• .,__12~ 6-3 3--t-_ _4~ 0~71"'-t-_ _8~ 5=
6 2- - t - - -9~
- - , - - -6~-8:~72- --t-_---'2~
Barber and beauty s hop worke r s ...........................
614
48 3
13 1
54 1
438
103
Bootbla cks ................. . . ......... . ... ... ............
49
49
11
11
Cle,,.-w r s and ch arwomen ..... .... . ............... ... ... .. ..
460
85
37/.i
239
73
3l 2
941
688
Cooks and ch e fs (exce pt in p r i vate f amily ) ••••••.• ····•••
1 , 158
835
323
256
Elevato r ope r ato rs .......................................
165
111
b4
30
85
115
5g5
J anitors, ca r e t ake r s , a nd sext ons . ....... .. .......... ....
1 , 157
1 , 092
65
G40
15
Lau ndresse s ( n ot in l au nd ry ) .............................
22 1
14
207
105
113
[,9
Porters (except in store s). ....... ............. ... ...... .
336
33 5
1
59
Pract i cal nu r ses, hosp i tal attenda nts , and orde r li e s .....
583
85
498
566
81
18G
Se r vants ( hotel s , b oardi ng house s , et c . ) (n. e .c. ) . .......
616
252
364
421
23G
185
Servants (private f ami ly). ...............................
4 , 783
70
4 , 713
.5 , 770
53
3, '1 17
Waiters , waitresses , and bar tenders . . ........... ... . .. .. .
1 , 205
26 7
938
88G
200
1 , 086
Other d omestic and personal se r vi c e wo r ke r s . .. ...... . ....
1 , 286
393
893
33::;
770
1 , 105
176
l 77
178
179
18 746
18 878
FARM OPERATORS AND LABORERS ••• • •••• •• ••••• •.•• •• .••••• • .,__l...,9'--'-'42=5'-+---=
19'-'--"26=8'-+-----=1:...
57'-+---"''"'-"--'-"-+----=,-'-"''-+-----"
l -"'
32=-+----=2-=l. 0= -+----=2-"0=
2 -+----=Fann f or emen , manage r s , e.nd ove rs eers . . ..... . .. ... .......
43
13
43
43
109
Farm l abore rs. .. . .... . ...... . . .. ... ... . ... .... ... ...... ..
10 , 829
10 , 689
10 , 429
10, 3 13
llG
116
94
93
Farmers ..... ..... ...... ... .. .............. .... ...........
G, 553
8 , t,36
8 , 406
16
8 , 390
180
181
182
34 941
14 G09
I I/EXPERI ENCED PERSONS ••••••••• • • ••• • • ••••. •• •••.••••••• _ _3,:..:9:..L,.:,;
89"'-'l'-+---=
15ac.i.
. -"9 :2::..:6'-+---=
23~ 9:::..:
G5'-+----"-'-'-"-=-+----=:.i.-"-"-''-+--=
20'-'-"3-"'
3 2= -+_ _·.1:.a'-"6-"69= -+_ _'J--'-"2-=19= -+_ _J:.•;.;'--'4-"50;;.._
'
27 , 224
14 , 189
29 ,810
15 , 1 29
14 , 38 1
13 , 035
2 , 393
l ,1 48
1 , 2%
Pe rsons 16- 24 years of age ( inclusive) ... ...... .... .. .. ..
420
Pe r sons 25 ye,:,,rs of age and ove r •••••••••••••••••••••• ,..
10 , 081
4 97
9 , 584
7 , 717
7 , 29 7
2 , 276
71
2 , 20G
183
UNKNOWN OCCUPATI ON••••••••••••.•.••.• • • • . , .•••• •••••••
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
155
11 4
41
133
97
36
8-=46= - + - -1~
70
38
144
207
49
512
103
275
lG
187
9'12
109
1C4
2-=25~· +---=-1 ~6-=2=l
42
28
3d
10
134
b5
142
26
23
cO
49?.
4
99
2 71
12
12-'.e
%7
44
111
74
WORKERS ON RELIEF-MINNESOTA
TABLE I-WORKERS' ON RELIEF, BY USUAL OCCUPATION, COLOR, AND SEX, FOR THE STATE:4 MARCH 1935
TOTAL 2
WHITE
NEGRO
USUAL OOCUPAXION
TOTAL. • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •
TOTAL
MALE
150 , 901
106 , 931
FEMALE
43 , 970
TOTAL
HALE
FfflALE
146,448
103 , 828
42,620
TOTAL
1 , 535
MALE
837
FEMALE
698
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
1 776
939
837
32
26
PROFESSIONAL AND TECHNI CAL WORKERS. , •..•• , • , ••.• .• • ••••• ..__.._
l "'ll"'24
. ,__+------"9"77.:...._+-----"8'-"4.:..7-i----"-"'-'-"--~---""'-"--1----"-"-'--+----"-"---+----""'---+----"-Actors ••••• , • , • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • . • • • • • • • • • . •
23
12
11
11
1
22
11
Architects ••••• ,..................................... . ....
16
15
1
15
14
1
1
Artists, sculptors, and t eache r s of ert ...................
56
34
22
22
56
34
Chemists , as;ayers , and metallurgists • ••••••••••••• ,,,. .. .
31
30
1
30
29
1
Clergymen and religious workers .. ..... .. ... .... .... .......
12
39
39
36
Designers ... ..... ........ .... ... , ........ , .... ... .. .. ,....
10
7
7
10
Draftsmen, •••••• • ••••••• , , ••• •• . •• •• • ••••••• • • , • •.•• , , •. , •
76
75
76
75
Enginee r s (technical), •• , • • .. ••• • ••. ••• , • • , •••••.•. ,, •• •• ,
112
114
114
112
Lawyers, judge s , and justices . .... ....... .. .. ............ .
11
11
11
11
Libr arians and librarians' assistants •••••••••••••••••••••
27
27
31
30
Musicians and teachers of music , ••••••••••••••••.•.•••••. ;
283
2-30
53
261
211
50
19
lG
Nurse s (trained or r egistered) .......................... ..
204
9
195
202
9
193
Physicians, surgeons, and dentists •••••••• • •• • ••••••• • • .• •
57
56
1
56
55
1
Playground and recreational workers •••• •• •• • • •••.•.• ••••.•
44
31
13
42
30
12
Reporters, editors, and journalists .......... ... . .. ...... .
21
15
21
15
6
18
19
20
Teache rs . ,, •••••••••••••••••••.•••••.•••••.••.••••••••.•••
College instructors and pr ofesso.r s ••• • . • •••..•.••••.•.• •
Primary and secondary school, e.nd teachers (n.e.c . }L .. .
21
Other professional workers ............. . , ................ .
22
23
24
25
Other ·semiprofessional workers . ....... . ..... . ............ .
Abstracters., notaries, and justices of peace .......... •••
Technicians and labor atory e.ssistants •••••• • ••• . •• • • •.••
Semiprofessional workers (n. e . c.) ..................... ..
26
27
28
i9
l 736
1 656
PROPRIETORS , MANAGERS, AND OFFICIALS (EXCEPT AGRIC . ) •. • • 1 - - -1~7""-s,4
...._+---"-'
1 ""6..,_
73"-'-1-- - - - - "
8.__J-l----"-'-'-"'"--+--""'-"-=---4------"
8,0,__+-_ __:..--4-_ _ _"'---+-----"-Building contractors •••••••• , . • • ••• • , •• • . •• ,..............
150
150
150
150
Foresters, forest rangers, and timber cruisers , ...........
21
21
21
21
Huckste r s , peddlers, and junk and rag dealers ••••• , .. .....
193
193
188
183
;~
32
i:~~in~;ai:~~s~~ :~a;:~/(:::.'!:)'..~~.~~~~~~~'.'.'.::::: :
Other p l'oprietor s, managers, and of ficials ................
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
2 s2e
4.781
OFFICE WORKERS., •••••• , •••...•••••••• ••• •• , •• • .••••••••• t - -4= 8.::.
20"--t - -2
"-''t.:::8-"49" --t--"'-l '-=9.:.
7::c.
l -+--'-'-'-"-=---+--::..i.::c=..::..-+--"'l 1.::9.::.
5;;:.
3 - + - --"'l"'-l-+___..:.
4 --+----'--Bookke epers , accountants, and auditors •••• . •.. . ...... . .. ..
543
404
139
539
400
139
Cashiers (except in banks) ••• ••• ••••.••• , ••• ••••. . • ,......
131
13
118
116
129
13
Clerks (n . e . c . )... ................. .. .....................
2 , 500
1,830
670
GG4
2 , 431
1,817
.Messengers and office boys .................. .... .... ......
176
l.73
176
173
3
Office machine ope r ators,...... .... ................ . .... ..
44
6
6
36
08
44
Office IT1li.nagers and bank tellers ..... ,....................
4C
47
47
1
48
Stenographers , stenotypists, and d icto.phone operators,. . ..
592
48
S4.4
586
538
48
Telegraph and radio ope r ators..... ........................
108
90
S9
18
107
18
Telephone ope r ators.. . ..... ...... ... .. ....................
273
15
258
270
15
255
Typists •••••••••••••••••••••••••••.••••••••• , ••••• ,., •• ,..
196
23
173
195
23
172
Other clerical anrl allied workers.........................
209
200
20G
197
46
46
47
48
49
50
51
4 979
3 591
SAIBS!1EN AND KilIDRED WORKERS ••••.•• • • • • • .. , .• • . .•• •••••• ,___5=..=0.::.
16"--+---"-"
3 t.:::5.::.
lG=--~ -=--1'-"4=
00
= --~-.:..,.::.c..::...-1----"'-'-'="'-+--"'l ""3=88,,__+-_ _--"-- - + - - - " ' - - - + - - - - " - Canvasse r s ( so licitors, any) ... .. ...... ...................
230
183
47
230
133
47
142
Commercial travelers • •• •• •••••.• , •• • ••• • •••••••••••• ,.....
142
142
142
61
60
Newsboys ............ .,...... . .. ... .. ................ .. ....
62
61
1
239
Real estate agents and insu rance agents ••••••• ,...........
258
242
16
254
15
1 , 655
Salesmen and sale swomen (retail stores)....... ........ ....
2,913
1 , 669
1,244
2 , 889
1 , 234
92
l , 312
91
Other sales persons and kindred worke rs •••••••••• ••••••• • ,
1 , 411
1 , 319
1 , 403
62
53
54
55
SKILLED WORKERS AND FOREMEN IN BLDG. AND CONSTRUCTION • • • t--~
11~
Blacksmiths ......... .. ... ......... ... .... ... ...... , .. ,....
Boi lermakers.. ........... ... ........ ... ............. .... ..
Brickl ayers and stonemasons.. .............................
2
3
4
5
6
56
Carpenter s.... ... .. ....... . .. . . . . .. ... .......... ........ ...
57
58
59
60
61
62
Cement finishers ••••• , ••••••• •. •• • •••••••••••••••••••.••• ,
Electricians ••• , •• • •••••• ,, • • ••••• • • , ••••••••• • , • • , •• ,., . ,
Foremen: construction (except road) •.•• • •••. •• •• • • ,..... ..
For emen: road and street cons truction .....................
Operators or engineers: stat'y and port . constr . oquip ' t . .
Painters (not in factory) .................................
Pape r h ange r s ............ ..... ..................... .......
Plastere rs ••••••• , ••. ••• , •••••••• •• ••••• ••. ••• , • • • • • • • • • • •
Plumbers, gas and s torun fitters ......... ... ... ........ ....
Roofers .. .... ................ .. ............. ..... ........ .
Sheet metal workers ...... ................ ..... .. ... . . .....
Stonecutte r s and carvers.. ............... .. .. ..... ........
Structur al iron and s tee 1 wor kers .. ............ .......... .
Setters: marble, st one , and tile .. ......... .... .. .... .. ...
Othe r skilled worke r s in building and const r uction....... .
63
64
66
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
B3
84
85
86
87
583
110
473
2
106
4'/1
39
28
n
183
157
26
4(1
31
9
140
123
17
6
577
3
~'
5~~
5~~
'7'/2
723
32
49
578
6
5?2
108
470
4
2
104
468
38
28
10
177
2
38
137
151
26
G7
548
7G2
2
29
120
9
17
67
517
713
31
1;9
11 =
334~+-~=-"-"--+11 334
48
= 5= --t--~ 11
~ 48
= 5= --t - - - - - - + -=
- - - + - - --"30
= --+----"3,0,__-+-----¾09
409
406
406
164
164
1G3
163
518
518
506
506
3, 369
3, 369
3 , 32]
3 , 321
485
485
478
478
447
447
445
445
123
12 3
121
121
171
171
167
167
.1, 062
1,062
1 , 049
1 , 049
3
2 , 677
2 , 677
2 , 648
2 , 6 48
6
49
49
48
48
390
390
376
376
592
592
589
589
167
1G7
165
165
108
108
107
107
20G
206
205
205
218
218
217
217
85
85
83
83
245
245
240
240
6 263
G. 157
106
33
33
SKILLED WORKERS AND FOREMEN IN !1FG, & OTHER INDUSTRIES . • t - -6=-=3=55" - - t - -6""'-"2..:.
49" --t----=l"'06" --t--""'-""'-"---+--""'-"-"-'---+----""'-"--+---"-"---+---=---+--~
Cabine tmakers.............................................
226
226
226
226
Cobblers and shoe repairmen ....... . ,......................
170
168
168
166
Con ductors : steam and st r eet railroad s , and buse s .........
142
142
142
142
Foremen (in factorie s),...................................
?,OJ
190
197
lOG
11
11
Fo remen and ins pector s ( e xce pt i n facto ries) ..............
526
470
517
461
56
56
Locomotive engineers and firemen •• • •••••••••••••••••••••• ,
598
598
591
591
Machinists, millwri ghts , 0.11d toolmaker s •••••••• , •••••• •• • ,
7 37
737
727
727
1
1
11echanics (n.e ,c .).......... . . ...... . .....................
2 , 098
2 , 0 98
2 , 062
2 , 062
19
19
Molde r s , founde r s , and cast e r s (metal) • • • • ••••••••••••••• ,
228
228
225
225
1
1
Sawye r s •••• • ••• • •••••••• • •• , •••• ,. ,.. ....... .. ....... .. . ..
176
176
171
171
Skilled workers in printi ng and e n g rav ing, ••• ,............
387
375
12·
12
385
373
Tailors and furri e r s ............ •• ....... ,................
158
138
20
151
131
20
Tinsmiths and coppe r smiths................................
200
200
199
199
Metal worke r s (e xcept gold and silver) (n . e.c. ) ....... ... .
26
26
26
26
Skil l ed worke r s in mfg. and othe r industr ies (n.e. c. ) .. . ..
482
477
47G
471
::
22
22
Ap!!~!~!~~~/~~~~~n:a!~I~!~~r ~ i ~~~~:~~:::~~::::::: :1---7~ •~5-: ~- t - - -7_ ._5_:~- + - - - - - - + - ~ ' - - 55
- - + - - - <55
---+----+----'-"--+---==--+-----
90
91
92
93
94
As phalt workers ....................... . ...... . ........... ,
Blasters (e xce pt in mines) ...... ,.........................
Co.is son workers ••••••• • •• •• •••••• • ............. .. . ,.,...........
Calk:ers ••••••••••••• • ••••••••••••• • •• , •••••••••• , •••••••• ,
Firemen (e xcept locomotive and fi r e depart,nent) •. •••••••••
7
73
1
73
1
6
6
440
440
7 456
7 . 456
2
72
1
6
427
2
72
1
6
427
4
: Inc ludes worke r s 1 6 th r ough 64 years of ago.
' Includes _white, Negro, other, and unknown color or raoe,
'Not elsewhere cla ssi'fied,
Steele County either did not participate in the gene r a l relief program in March lll35 or had no relief cases with workers.
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
•
OCCUPATION
75
TABLE 1-WORKERS ON RELIEF, BY USUAL OCCUPATION, COLOR, AND SEX, FOR THE STATE: MARCH 1935-Continued
NEGRO
WHITE
TOTJ>.L
USUAL OCCUPATION
'rD'l'.AL
95
gs
97
98
99
100
SEMISKILLED WOR KERS HJ !lLllG. AND CONSTRUCTION - Cont .
Ope rato rs of building a.nc.1 cori.stru<.:tion equlp:ne nt ....•••.•
Fipelayers ••• •.• •••••••••••••••••••• • ••••••••• • • • •.•• • •••
Rodman e.nd chainmen (surveyi!!g) •.•.•••••••••..•••.•••.•• •
Truck e.nd t;ractor d rivers •••..•••.. •• •••••.•.••....•.. • ••
We l de r s ••••••••••••••..•••••..•••••••••••..•.••.. • .• •••• •
Other semiskilled workers in building a11d const ruction •..
FEMALE
!'I.ALE
2GG
26G
77
46
7'1
TOTAL
253
77
45
,c
MALE
FEMALE
TOTAL
MALE
FEMALE
25f
'/7
5 , 6l'8
l Gl
745
ig~ B;;;; ~'.(:~~•~•~~~~ . '.~. ~'~;: .~~ •~~:~~. :~:;~~''.'~~~~:::::::
1_2_2____:;_:,- - - - t - - -~-1 _
t--~l=
l ~!~
~~
~ -+-~
9 ~!=
~~~ - + - ~
'.'. ~3~~~~ - + - ~l~l ~~-: -: - + - - ~:-~-~ - ; - - ;'. ~2-~-~ _ _ _ _
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
Erak>,mcn (railroad) ••.••.•.••.••..••.•••...•....• ,. .. ....
Deliverymen •• • •.•• • •• • ••••• • ••.•.••••. • • • . • ••••••••••••••
Dressmake rs o.nd milliners . .... . ................. ....... •...
Filers, gr inders , bui'f•., rs, em! polir.hers (m6to.1) •••••••••
Furna.cam.en ,. heaters, smeltonnen, etc. (mete.l working) • •• •
Guards, wntchmen, and doorkeepers (~xcept ra i lroo.d) •.. . ••
Hc.ndi c raf t wo;- ke rs: t~xt :i le, wood , leather, !neta.l, etc • ••
Insi de v1orkers: mines ••••••• • •••••••• ·•••· •• .. •••.• ·•••••
111
112
113
114
Operatives (n.e.c . ) in mfg. and allied industr ies •••••..•
Cheir.ical and al lied industries •••••••••••••••••.•••• • ••
Cigar , cigo.rette, and tobo.cco fnctories •. , .••• ..•.• ••• •
Clay, g lass, and s tone industries ••••••••••••..•.••••• •
115
116
117
118
Clothing industries ............. ...... ......... .. ...... .
Shirt, collar and cuf'f fnctories • •.• •••••••.....•.•••
Suit, coat, and d res s factories ••••••••••••••••.••• ,..
Clothing industric,s (n . e . c . ) •••••••• ••• ••••.•.•• ·•••·
313
0 03
,177
143
l Gl
lS
l,16C
5 , 8 9~
75
G?
13C:
312
S02
457
110
29
167
11
l , Hc9
3i3
0G3
l.7
H2
:....s
l _.106
s, 702
4 , 117
1G
16
4 , dS:l
75
l ,'.'41
2S
Js
1D
J.5$
l5S
l,:;
522
101
2
fiG
l:J
J. 1l C!
142
119
Elect ri c l ight and power plants ....................... .
120
121
1 22
123
Foo d or.d bc\·erage indnatrics ........................... .
Enkeries ..•••••.••••••.• • .•••.••••••••••.••••.••••.••
Sle,Ufr.ter and meat packing houses • •••••• , •••..•••••••
Food e.nd be ··..r0 r11ge industries (n . e .c. ) ••••••••••• .. •••
l , J5E
1G2
'i ll
229
124
125
126
127
128
129
I :-cn a"'ld st eel, machir.sry, und veh icle indu strif, z •.••••
Au to mobile factories •. • •.•••••••.•••••• , •••. . .•••••••
.Automobile rFJpnir shops ..... . ........ . ......... ,. •••• . •
Blast furnaces and steel rolling mills •• . .••••..•••••
Ca r and rail road shops ••••••••••••.••.•.• , • ••• •••••••
Iror: e.nd steel , !!\B.chinery , & vehicle ind's (n . e .c. ) ••
J , 219
21'1
73
'.:,'/
1 , 207
1:
21 C
130
13 1
132
133
134
Lnundries and dry cleaning e stablishments ••••••••••••••
Lumbe r and furr.i..turo industries .... . ...... ... ........... .
11eta.l industries (ax<!ept iron e.nd steel) ......•••.•••••
Faper :. printing., a.id allie d i ndustries •...•.••••.••••••
Shoe factories • •.•••••••••• •• ••••• •• •••••.•.. .••• ••••••
52 7
526
81
~78
197
"71
~72
15]
lOG
135
136
137
138
Textilo i!1Custries .•••••••••.•. • •.•.•..••••..•.•.••••••
Cotton mills ••••••••••••••••.••••••••..••••••• •• •••••
Woolen o.nd wo r sted mills •• ••••• ••••••• •••• ••••••• ••••
To;;:tile i n dus t r ies ( n . o . c . ) •••••.•.•..•• • .•••••••••••
25?
102
139
Mise . o.nd not r.pecifi~d manufactu ring ind11stries •..••••
510
3'/2
140
141
142
143
Pointers , ·rarnishcrc , cnrunalers , etc . (fac to r-.1 ) .. . , .•••••
Switch.'Ilen, flag;men, ru!d yarcbnen ( rtlilroad ) ••••••••••• •• ••
Ta.xicab d ri ve r s , bu::; dri ve rs,. an d chauffeu r s .. .. . ........ .
Other semiskilled wo r kers in mfg . and other industries •••
254
249
144
145
146
147
149
UNSKILLI;:D LABORERS (EXCEPT IN P_GRICULTlJRE) •••..••••••• •1--.....=l"-B ..,_8""
2"2 -+---'"l-"8 ,._,6'-'-'7"2 - + - - - - 'l"",i'-'0 -+---'"l"'7 ,._,9'0~
-"-""--+---'"
l ''7 '---'7-"-6~4-+- - - "l'-"
3-"-9- + - - - '2'-"-1"-B- + - - - '2'-"'l"'-1-+_ _ _.;__
Laborers in manufactu r ing r1nd all ied i n dustries ..........
3 , 4:56
3 , 315
J.21
:) , 29?
114
C2
SG
Clay , glass , anci stone indust rie>s ......................
192
191
135
1
I r m: and steel, :nachinery, and. ,.-ehic le industries ......
715
710
697
69 2
12
12
Lu=:i.ber and f urni t ure indus t ries .. .... ...... . ..............
G38
600
GOG
59f,
8
Other manufac tu r i ng mid all i ed i!'ldustries ............ ..
l , fi 91
1 , ?84
107
J. . 3C6
1 , 70G
50
l <.10
150
1 51
15 2
l i'i3
154
155
156
157
158
159
160
16 1
La.borers except ln mfg. and allied industries .••...••••••
Mines, qua!"ries , n.nd oil and gas wells ................. .
Odd jobs (gene ral) •••••••......•.•••...•..•...••••••.••
Railroa ds ( steam and street ) ••••••••••••• ••••••••••••••
Roo d s , s t reets, and sowers ...... . ............... .... ••••
Sto r es (including porte rs in stores) ••••.•• •••••• ••••••
Le.bore r s e..""'.ld helpers (n.e. c . ) in bld g. alld const ..•••••
Lcn~shoremen n.nd stevedores ••••••••• , ••••••••••••• , ••••
Lumbermen , raftsmen , a;1d woorlchoppe r~ ................... ..
S-treet clcan,z, r :. , go.rbage me n , o.J1C: scavonr._erG ..... . ..... .
TeR111ste rs ru,d d r aymen ............ ,. .......................... .
Othe r le.boreru , excopt nfg . nnd o.llied ind ' s (n .. e . c .. ) ...
162
163
164
165
166
167
168
169
170
171
172
173
174
175
DOHESTlC AND PER SONAL SERVICE 1·/0Ri'.ERS •••.••••••.•••••• •1---9 .'--2_2_8 - + - - 2 '--9_5_9 -+_ _
6 ._2_,~_9 -+_ _
8 ._5-'3_3 - + - 2 '-. 5_9_0 - + - - ' -3_3_5 - + - - -5_G_8 - + - - -"-·1_9 -+_ _ _2_1_9 _
Uarber a n d beauty shop worke r s. ..........................
~82
3Et,
98
4,69
375
\)4
9
6
3
Bootblacks.. ................................... ...... ....
32
32
21
21
11
11
Clee_>1urs and chRr-uome n ................ ..... . .... .........
398
3'/
361
3·16
35
:n1
46
45
Cooks ,md chefs (ex cept in prive.te fe.mily) ...............
1 , 066
692
374
996
6 40
356
5.2
40
12
Elevatoo r operators .......................................
175
1 27
,18
163
12;;
41
11
Ja.nit,01·s , ce.retakcrs, and sextons .••••••••.•.••••••• •••· ·
609
G47
42
651
G09
42
31
31
Laund resses (not in laundry ) ....................... .... ..
62
1
61
57
1
,,6
5
Porte rs ( except in stores) .. . ............................
217
217
80
UO
134
131
Practical nurses, ho spita l &ttendauts , and orderlies .....
325
G5
270
320
54
266
2
Servants (hotels, boarding houses , etc . ) (n.e.c.) . ..... ..
725
217
508
655
20?
448
57
51
Servants (private fo.mi ly ) ......... ...... ..... ... .. ..... ..
2 , 786
38
2 , 748
2 , 648
'.57
2 , 611
93
93
Wai t er s , waitresses, and bartenders .. . ...... .... .........
1 , 355
32•1
1 , 031
1 , 25 0
240
1 , 01 0
92
78
14
Othe r domestic and personal se r vice workers. ....... • • • . • •
916
me
726
8 77
177
700
25
17
8
176
177
178
179
FARJ1 OPERATORS AND LABORERS ••••••••••••••.••••.•.•••••• i---~2=9"'"'2~7=3- + - ~2=9.o.aO
=G-"
2- + - - - '2=1=1- + - ~2=8.._7~5=5- + - ~2=8, "'-'5=5=2- + - - - '2~0=3- + - - - - =1=6--+----=1=6- - - - t - - - Fa.n:, foremen , mru1age r s , and oversee1·s... ..... . ....... .. ..
59
59
59
59
Fam: laborers ••.. ••· •••••••••.••••.•• •• • • ..•••...••••••• ,
12 , 197
12 , 097
100
11 , 899
11 , 005
93
6
Farmers..................................................
17 , 017
16 , 9,16
111
lG , 797
16 , 687
10
110
10
1 80
l 81
182
INEXPERIENCED PERSONS •••••••••.•••••••••••.•.•••• • ••••• 1----=3-=8 .z.:6c..::4-=3 -+---=l-=l .z.:8:..::5..::.
3-+---=2-=G.,_
, 7c..::9-=0-+--"3"7.z.:2:..::l-=2-+--=l-=l .z.:2:..::2c::.
4-+--"2-"5 '-'9'--"fl-"8 - + - - - '40
:..:...:c
4--+_ ___;_7.;;;.
2- - + - - - '3'--'3-=2Pe rs ons 16-24 years of age (incl usive) ...................
23 , 592
10 , 782
12 , 810
22 , 885
10 , 417
12 , 4GB
119
G4
85
Persons 25 yea.rs of age and over •• ·•••••••·•• • •••·•••·•••
15 , 051
1 , 0 71
13 , 980
14 , 327
807
13 , 520
25 5
247
148
183
UNKNOWN OCCUPATION•••••••• • ••••••••••••.••.•••••••••••
128018 0-37---6
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
i,3 23
lGl
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69
-117
?O
422
437
302
120
1 , 7-t5
15 ,38G
OCl
2 , 646
2 , 121
2 ,:~19
8G6
3 , 923
113
76G
120
l·""
340
3'7
-1G
£1
373
19:5
lG'/
1:'IG
71
2G9
119
155
255
102
153
l
17
1 45
26
228
50'7
513
17
55
27
n
Sb
3G 2
13C
2ti3
299
41 9
1 , 6 73
15 , 357
72
29
ee1
2 , G40
2 , 121
2 , ~19
854
3 , 923
l.13
12.
H , 606
866
2 , 388
2 , 065
2 , C•%
8 2!)
3 , 7f.5
112
G86
7 06
11
398
l , G79
G9
~, ?as
30
JO
001
1 , 1.SO
601
3 , 801
1 454
11
~)7
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12
21
,;2
31
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lG
12
21
7,2
31
GBG
:;o
613
1 , 197
765
11
112
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:;r
15G
2 , 382
2 , 065
2 , 0 95
8 17
613
1,206
4 569
lS
10
741
3 , 710
G7
59
•
76
WORKERS ON RELIEF-MISSISSIPPI
TABLE I-WORKERS' ON RELIEF, BY USUAL OCCUPATION, COLOR, AND SEX, FOR THE STATE: MARCH 1935
TOTAL 2
WIDTE
NEGRO
USUAL OOCUPATION
TOTAL
TOTAL .•••••••••••••••• ••••• ••
FEMALE
MALE
BO, 748
39, 49 5
41, 25 3
12
13
14
15
16
17
249
1, 201
PROFESS IONAL AND TECHNICAL WORKERS •••..••••••••.•••••••• ~-.;;;.
l '-'4:..c5.,,.
0 -+---..::..:c;,-1---.=.L.::..:.::.;.4-_
2
1
Actors....................................................
3
Architects........ . ....... ...... ..... .....................
2
Artists , scu l ptors, and t eacher s of art ....... . ...........
7
Chemi sts , assayers , and metallur gi sts. ........ . .... .... ...
· 3
48
Clergymen and r e ligi ous workers. ... . ... . ..................
48
De signer s ... . ........................................... ..
3
Draftsmen.. • • • • • • • • • • . • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •
1
13
Enginee r s (technical) . ....... ................... .. . . ......
43
Lawye rs, judges, and justices.. .. .. . ....... ...... . .... . ...
9
57
Librarians and libra ri ans' as sistants.. .... ......... ......
58
84
Mu s i c ians and teache rs of mus ic...........................
93
172
Nurs e s (trained or registe red)............................
1 73
Phys icians , surgeon s , and dent i sts ..................... ...
8
33
Play ground and r ecr eati onal worke rs...... . .... . ...... . ....
36
5
Re por ters , editor s , and journa l ist s ... . ................. . .
10
18
19
20
Teache rs ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••.•••••••••••••••
Col l ege instructor s and professo rs •• • •• ••••. .••••••••.••
Primary a nd se conda r y schoo l, and t e nche rs (n. e .c.H ••. .
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
88 7
1
886
81
806
1
805
MALE
TOTAL
56, 016
FEMALE
28, 242
2 7, 774
_..;:
l t..:•2:..::B:;:
14-_ __;2:..::2:;:
1-1-_
3
2
TOTAL
24, 403
FEMALE
MALE
11, 06 7
13, 33 6
_..;:lt..:•0::.,:6~0-l-_ _ _l::,:6:,:::9--J.._ ____..:2:..::B'---+--.....:;;
14~1'-1
3
3
38
2
38
10
10
3
1
13
43
9
57
81
165
1
35
10
751
1
750
23
30
12
33
2
10
4
56
78
164.
32
68
68
68 3
1
68 2
13 6
13
123
136
13
123
23
21
Othe r profe ssi onal worker s •.•••• •••.• ... ....•.••••••••••••
30
22
23
24
25
Othe r semiprofe s s ional worke r s , ••••••••• • • • ••••••.. • •• ••••
Ab stra ct e rs, notaries , and ju s tice s of pea ce •••. ~ ...•.•
Te chnicians and laboratory assistants ••••••••••..•••••••
Semipr of essional wor ke r s (n . e . c . ) •••••••••• • • . ••••••••••
36
1
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
PROPRIETORS , MANAGERS , AND OFFICIALS (EXCEPT AGRI C.) • .• • ~-_____,3,_,,60:,.
0 -4-_ ___,3"';0~16 -4-_ ___:;,5~4 -+---...!3~4~6_.__ __!2:..:;9~G-l-_ ____..::5~0-1---___..:l:.:!4--l-_ ____..:l,:::0'---+---..:!Building contract or s .............. .. . .....................
20
20
20
20
Foresters , fo r est r angers . and timbe r cru i se r s ............
3
3
3
3
Hucksters, pe dd lers, and junk and rag de ale r s ....... . .....
20
17
13
13
Trucking , transfer and cab companies , and ga ro.ges .........
4
4
4
4
11
Retail deale rs and manager s (n.e . c . ) . ... . . ....... . ........
131
120
11
1 28
117
39
Othe r proprietors, ma nage r s , and of f i cials ............ . ...
182
142
40
1 78
139
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
1 827
58 4
1, 213
1, 80 3
568
1 235
19
14
OFFICE WORKERS ••••••••••••...••••••••••••• • ••• -..... . ... .
Bookkeepers , accountant s, and o.ud i tor s •••••..••......••..• t - - - ' -4~1-:;l -+----:2~1-;;
9-+---=.<..,l:'-9':,,
:, 2-+---=-'---4;:.;o;.;;7- + - - - ,2""1;..;7-+---="-1...;9;.;;o-+----':;...+----=-;l=--4_ _ _..;..._
Co.shiers (e xce pt in banks ) ............................ .. ..
60
7
53
60
7
53
Cl e r ks (n. e. c . ) ... ...... ... . .. ....................... .....
439
203
236
4 30
195
235
Me s senge r s and office boys ........ ........ .. ......... . . . ...
46
43
3
44
41
3
4
4
Off ice mo.chine ope r ators,.. ...............................
3
3
Office managers and bank telle r s .... ......... . ... .........
3
352
346
348
6
6
Stenogr a phe rs, ste notypist s , and d icta.phone o pe r ator s .... .
354
25
8
26
8
33
Tele graph and rad io ope r ators .................... . .. .. .. ..
34
3
1 63
3
1 66
1 66
Te lephone ope r ato r s. ..... .. ...............................
1 69
24 3
16
227
22 7
16
Typists . • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • . • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •
243
61
55
58
6
Other clerical and allied worker s . . ............. . .........
64
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
66
66
67
68
69
70
71
4
31
24
1
2
21
SALESMEN AND KINDRED WORKERS ••••••••••••• •• . ••• •• •••••• • 1----=
l .,_9:...;4:..::
04-_ _ _7:.._:9;,::
2_.__
Canv as s ers (solicitors, any) •••·•••·•• •• •••••·•··•·•·••··•
20
Comme r cial t r avele r s .... .... ...................... . .......
45
44
News boys .............................. . ...................
18
15
Real estate agents and in'su rance a gent s .... . ............ ..
69
63
Sale s men and saleswomen (re tail s to r es) ...................
1 , 622
51 7
Other sal es pe r sons and k indred worke r s ........ ...... . . ...
166
144
__:::1..,_l::.,;4:..:::8-1-_
11
1
1 , 105
22
28
23
1
2
20
10
___..:1L 9::..:0:.:.7--+-_ ____:_
77:..::lc...+---.::li=..:•
13::..::6c...+----'2::..:5:......j._ _ _l::,:6~---__::_18
10
1
45
44
1
17
14
3
3
65
61
4
12
1 , 603
506
1, 09 7
159
1 38
21
SKI LIBD WORKERS AND FOREMEN IN BLDG. AND CONSTRUCTION ••• t -_ _
3'--:1~3c:2- + - 3-'-:,l--'3c::2- + - - - - t - - - ' -2-'-,7:-c:6-'-S- + - -2-'-,7
:-:6-'-8- + - - - - + - - - - ' 3 4-'-9- + - - - ' 3 4,-9- - + - - - Blacksmiths•••••••••••••••••••• ·• •••••· · •••·••••••·•••••··
131
1 31
117
11 7
14
14
Boilermakers.................... .... ......................
29
29
27
27
2
2
Br ickl ayers and stonema s ons ...............................
128
128
89
89
38
38
Carpente rs...................... . ...... . .... . ...... . . . . . . .
1, 612
1 , 612
1, 468
1, 4 68
1 35
135
Cement finishers .......... . ... .. ........... . .... . .........
60
60
20
20
40
40
Electric ians ..... ... ......... . ............................
122
122
121
121
1
1
Foremen: c onstruction (ex cept r oad) ..... ... .. .. ...........
25
25
21
24
1
1
Foremen: r oad and str e et construction.....................
50
50
50
50
10
10
Ope rator~ or enginee r s : stat'y and port. constr . equip 1 t..
111
111
1 01
101
38
38
Painters (not i n factory) ........... . .....................
560
560
518
518
3
3
Pape r hange r s .......................... . . .................
8
8
5
5
32
32
Plaste r e rs .......... .. . .......... ...... .... ..... ... .. .. ...
58
58
26
26
21
21
Plumbe r s , ga s and s t eam fitters ••.••••••• • ••••. . _.........
1 56
156
1 34
134
1
Roofers•• ···••••• •••••·••·• ··•·•·· • ••••·•••···• • ···• · ····•
28
28
27
27
She et metal wor ke r s .. • • • • • • • • • • . . . • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •
12
12
12
12
Stonecutte r s and c a rve r s ............ .. ..... . . . . . . . .... . . . .
3
3
3
3
Structur a l iron and ste.el wor ke r s •• ••• - . . • • • • • . • . • • • • • • • • •
18
18
15
15
Sette r s : mar b le, stone , and ti;Le... . . ....... .. •• • • • • . . • • • •
5
5
4
othe r skilled worker s in building and construction •. _ . . • . •
16
16
7
85
86
87
1 89
189
24
SKILLED WORKERS AND FOR.EMEM IN 11FG. & OTHER I NDUSTRIES .• t - - --"l,_4,_,9'-"
8-+----=l.a.:4e.,7c:,44-_ ______,2ca4-+-----'=1L :3,c,0:'..!:3-1------'=l.
.,_2
::_7c_:9--+-_ ____..:::;;:;_4-_
_.:::.:'
...:;'---+----=:
2
2
Cab inetmakers.......... ... ......... ... .......... ......... .
29
29
27
27
10
10
Cobble rs and s hoe r epairmen...... . ....................... .
42
41
32
31
Conductors : steam and street railroad s, and bu ses .........
11
11
11
11
2
2
Foremen ( in f actories) ...................... . ........ . . .. .
61
56
62
54
16
16
Foremen and inspe ctor s ( e xce pt in f act ories) . . ............
140
138
121
122
58
58
Loc omotive enginee rs and firemen....... .. .... . ..... . ......
1 79
1 79
121
L2 1
4
Machinists, millwrights , and toolmakers .............. .. ...
180
1 80
174
174
46
46
Mechanics (n . e. c. ) .... • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • . • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •
481
481
434
434
1
1
Molders , founde r s , and c a s t e rs (meta l ) .. . . .. .. .. ..... . ....
5
5
4
4
42
42
Sawyers••••••·••·••••····• •• · ·•••·•·•··•••• •• •••·· · ··•• • ·•
231
231
18 6
186
Skilled workers in print ing and e ngraving . .......... ......
31
27
31
27
Tailor s and furrie rs. • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •
14
6
11
3
Tinsmiths and coppersmiths......................... .......
lG
16
15
15
Metal worke r s (except gold and silver) (n. e .c . ) .... .. .....
1
l
1
1
Skilled workers in mfg. and othe r industr ies (n . e .c. ) . • • • •
74
73
70
69
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
SEMISKILLED WORKERS IN BUILDING AND CONSTRUCTION •••••••• ~ --=l.._4:.::8:..::.
0-+----=1 ...4:.::8:..::.
0- + - - - - i - - - - =l.,_.0:..:8:..::.9--+-__:::l.,___,0:..:8:..::.9- + - - - - - + - - - : . .38
::.:9--+----"-'
38:.:9- + - - - Appr e ntices in building and construction •••••••••••••• • •••
As phalt workers • •.•••••• • ••••• • ••••••••• • •••••••• • •.•• • • ••
Blaste r s (e xcept in mines) •••••••••••••••• • •.• • •• ••• •••• ••
Caiss on workers •• ••••• •,.•• ••••••• • ••• , ••••. , ••.••••••••••
Calkers ••••• • •••• •••••••••·•••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••
89
89
69
15!)
69
Firemen (exce pt locomotive and fire department) •••••••••• •
72
73
74
76
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
'I ncludes wor ke r s 16 through 64 years of age.
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
'Includes wh i te, Negro, other, and unknown color or race.
Ji.ot elsewhere classified .
OCCUPATION
77
TABLE I-WORKERS ON RELIEF, BY USUAL OCCUPATION, COLOR, AND SEX, FOR THE STATE: MARCH 1935-Continued
TOTAL
WHITE
NEGRO
USUAL OCCUPATION
TOTAL
FEMALE
MALE
TOTAL
HALE
TOTAL
FEMALE
FEMALE
MALE
95
96
97
98
99
100
SEMISKILI.ED WORKERS IN BLDG . AND CONSTRUCTION - Cont .
Opera.tors of building and construction equipment .••••••••
Pipela.yers ,., •. ,,., •• , ... . .... ,,., •• ,., ••••••• ,., ...... ..
Rodmen and cha.inmen (surveying) •••••• , •••••••••••••••• , ••
Tru ck e.nd t ract or drivers., .............. ., ........ , ... ,,
Welders , ••••• , •• , •• , •• •• • ,, ••••• ,., •• ,., • •• ••• , ••••••••• ,
Other semiskille d "orke r s in building and construction •••
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
SEMISKILLED WORKERS IN MFG. AND OTHER INDUSTRIES .• .• • , • t - - -~5~2~7..,.2- + - - ~
2~ 0=1~3- + - ~3.._2~5""9- + - ~4.._4~7..,.5- + - ~l.._5'"'5""4- + --"'2.._9=2=
1- + - -Be.Jee r s •• , ............ , ................................. ,.
42
37
5
35
33
2
Brakeme n (railroad ). , ••••••••••••• ., • .,..................
76
76
63
63
Deli wrymen ••••••••••••• , •••• , ••• ,., ••••• ,., •• ,, •••••• ,..
108
108
50
50
Dressmakers and milliners., ............ .... , .• ,., . .. , •• ,.
2, 17 6
13
2,1 63
1, 994
12
1, 982
File rs, g r inders, buffers , and polis he rs (metal) .. ,......
70
70
66
66
Furna.cemen. heater s , smeltermen, etc . (metal working) ,,,.
Guards , watchmen, and doorkeepers (except rai lroad) •. • ,,,
92
92
82
82
Handicra ft workers: textile, wood. leather, metal, e tc.~,
16
6
10
10
4
Ina ide workers: mines ••••••••• , ••••• •••• ••• • ••• , , • , ••••• ,
18
18
11
11
7'-'7""4'-+_ _ _-4"'5=2'-+---"'32=2'-7
4
3
12
12
58
58
174
1
173
111
11 2
113
114
Ope rat i ves (n,e , c,) in mfg. and all ied indus tries ...... ..
Che mical and allied industries, ....................... ,
Cigar, cigarette , and tobac c o factories, . , ••••••••••• ,.
Clay, glass , and s tone industries •• , ••••• , •• , •• , ••••• ,.
2, 089
13
366
3
22 2
115
116
117
118
Clothin g indust ries, ••• , •••••. ••••.•••••.. ,, ••.•• , •• ,.,
Shirt, collar and cuff facto rie s ••••••• , ••• , •• , ••. ,,,
Suit, coat , and d ress fa ctories ....... ....... ...... ..
Clothing i ndu s t ries (n.e.c. ) ••••••••••• , ••••••••••• ,.
119
El ectr ic light and power plants· . . ... ., .... ,,.,. ••• ,.,•,
120
121
122
1 23
146
48
29
48
48
22
22
2U
6
6
5
5
15
1, 05 1
30
158
15
1, 051
30
158
13
860
28
13
860
28
84
1
2
190
8"-
2
74
10
1 , 032
2
1
1, 714
10
1
6
8 31
88 3
8
2
1
215
86
64
65
12
203
80
59
64
2 14
85
64
65
11
203
80
59
64
Foo d and be ve rage industrie s . ...••. .. . •.... . . ....•..••.
Ba ke r ie s ...... ........ . .. .. ....... . ................ ••
Sl aughter and meat pack ing houses • • , • , • , .• , • .. • • , , , , ,
Food and beve rage industrie s (n.e,c . ), ,,, ,, ••• ,, • . ,,,
261
13
15
233
94
10
12
72
167
211
10
19 3
65
7
7
51
124
125
126
127
128
129
I ron and s teel, machinery, and vehicle indust rie s , .• ,.,
Automobile facto r ies ,.,.,, ••••••.• ,,,,, .•• , ........ ..
Automobile re pair shops ••••.....••••.•.....•........•
Blas t furnac e s and s teel ro l ling mills ............ .,,
Car and railroad shops . .............. . , ••••••• , .... ..
I r on and steel , machinery, & vehicle ind' s (n , e , c . ) ..
99
99
91
91
5
3
5
3
1
5
5
3
3
74
74
130
131
132
133
134
Laundri e s and dry cle aning e stabli s hments, • ••••• , ••••••
Lumbe r and .furni ture i ndustr i e s •....••.......•.. . •.••••
Metal indu str i es (exco pt ir on and s teel) •••.••••••• , •• ,
Pa.per, print ing, and allie d i ndu st r i e s , • •• •• , ••.• ,.,,,,
Shoe f actor ie s ., •••••••• • • , .... . ,, • •••• , •••.• , •• , •• • , ••
169
410
2
11
37
397
135
136
137
138
Te xt ile i n du s tr i es .,, ................. .. .. . . . ..... ., ...
Cotton mi ll s , ........ , .... , • •. ,,.,, ••••••• , ••••••• ,,.
Woolen and wo r sted mills., ••••• ••••• •• , ••••••••••••••
Te xtile i ndu stri e s (n . e . c , ) ,,, , .,.,, .•••.• ,, •• ••• •• .,
687
284
139
Mi sc . and not spe cifi e d manufactu r i ng i ndust r ies ,, ..•••
140
141
142
143
Pa.i nte rs, varnish e rs , ename le r s , etc . ( factory ) ........ ,.
Switchmen, f l agme n , and y a.rd.men (railro ad ) ........ .. •• •••
Taxi cab dr ive r s , bu s dr ive rs , and chauffeu r s ......•...•••
Other semiski lled wo r ke rs in mfg. and other industrie s • • •
30
74
78
403
28
74
75
35 9
144
145
146
147
148
149
UNSK I LLED LABORERS (EXCEPT IN P.GRI CULTURE ) • , , •• •• •• , , , •1---~7.._
. 8=4'0-+----'7.._5=--'7-=6- + - - - '2""6""
' 4-+----"3.._9=6=3-+----"3..._8=6=1' - + - -- 1=0=2'-+---"3~ 85:.:l, __
La.bore r s i n manu fa ctur i ng and allie d industrie s ... . ......
2, 170
2, 101
69
1, 091
1, 042
49
1, 070
Clay, gla s s, and s t one industries •.• •• , • • ••••• •• ••••• .,
15
15
5
5
10
Iron an d s t eel, mach i ne ry, and vehic le indust r i e s ,.,...
18
17
1
8
8
10
Lumber and f u r n i tu re indus t ries , . ........... .. ... .... . ,
1, 661
1, 642
19
905
89 2
13
748
Other manufa ctu r in g and all i ed industr i es ,.............
476
427
49
1 73
137
36
302
150
151
1 52
153
154
1 55
1 56
157
La.borers e xce pt in mfg. and allied indus t r i e s .••• ••••• ,,.
Mi ne s , qu a r ries , and o i l and gas we ll s •• ••• • •• • •••.• • • •
Odd jobs (general ) •••••••••.. • •• , •••••• • .••• •••• ••.•• ,.
Railroads ( ste am and street ) ••• , , ••••• , ••••••••••••••••
Roads , st reets , and sewe rs •. ~ ..••• , •••.............••••
St ore s (in c l ud ing porte rs in s tores) •••••••••••••••••••
La.borers and helpers ( n , e . c . ) in b ldg . and c onst ...... .
Longsho r emen and ste vedo res ,, .•• • .•• , •••••. ••• •••••• ,.,
158
Lumbennen , rnftsmen, and woorlch oppe r s ... •.. ........•.••
1 59
160
161
Street c l e ane rs , garbage me n, anci scave n ge rs .......... ,
Te am sters and d r a.ymen , ,, ,, , ••.•• , •.• , •• , •..• ! . ... .. • , , ,
Other la.bo rers , except mfg . and all i ed i nd' s ( n . e . c , ) ..
162
163
164
165
166
16 7
168
169
170
171
8
1
79
11
6
5
1
3
3
1 61
79
11
5
3
3
7
38
5
21
2
17
17
102
69
1
9
132
13
20
292
60
12
2
2
2
86
103
249
113
438
171
631
27 3
2 44
110
387
1 63
56
11
403
136
267
358
134
224
45
210
140
70
152
86
66
58
25
65
47
265
3
44
27
65
50
308
43
20
95
5, 475
16
2, 442
456
703
131
973
33
317
15
lS
153
241
153
236
19
3
BO
304
2
5, 670
144
3
1
142
2
16
2, 631
456
70 3
132
973
33
317
10
2
3
5
1, 057
11
1
26
1
2
190
2
74
195
189
2, 8 72
13
1, 270
154
389
30
500
2, 819
13
1, 222
154
389
29
500
7
7
236
2
95
176
236
2
95
172
51
43
54
9
20
94
___,3~ 69'-'0'-4----=-16:,..:l:...._
1, 051
19
10
9
742
290
12
2, 639
142
53
2, 7ol
3
3
48
1, 353
302
31 2
102
4 70
26
80
13
57
63
1, 212
30 2
312
102
470
26
BO
13
57
62
173
174
175
176
177
178
179
FARM OPERATOR S AND LABORERS ......... , • ., , • • • ••••...•• , • _ _2_5 _3_5_9 _ _ _l_U_9_5_0 _ _ _
6_4_0_9 _ _ _1_6_ 2_5_3 _ _ _1_3_ 8_6_8-+_ _2.._3_8_5-+_ _8.._9_ 7_5__.,_ _4.._,9_ 7_2__.,_ _4.._0_ 0_3_
Fa.rm foremen, mana ge r s, and ove r se ers • . •••••• ,... . .......
62
58
62
58
Farm la.borers • •• ••••••• , . , ••••••• , ••••••••.••••••••••••• ,
16, 056
10, 55 3
2 , 993
9 , 415
6, 579
3 , G86
5, 503
7, 5 15
1, 900
Farme rs.. . .................. . ............................
9, 241
8, 339
902
6, 776
6, 2%
481
2, 39 6
1 , 979
41'/
180
181
182
I NEXPERIENCED PERSONS , •••• , , , •• , •••••••••.••• • ••• , • •• , • t---"'2....
3 '-"2'-'6-"
2 -+-_
Pe rs ons 16- 24 ye a.rs of a.g;e ( inc l usive) ................. .,
9, 225
Pe r sons 25 ye a. rs o f age and over .................... , •• ,.
11, 037
183
UNKNOWN OCCUPATION••• , ••••• • ••. , ••• •• .•••••• , ••• ,. ,,,.
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
1 '1
_ 5=5=6, __
13
15
1
57
141
DOMESTIC AND PERSONAL SERVI CE WORKERS , ••• • .••••.•••• ,. •i---~
7~3=1=1-+----7~6=3-+---=6~ 5~4=8-+---=l.._3=1=
5- + - - ~2=0=6- + - ~l.....1=0=9-+----"5.._9""7~7'-+_
Barber and be auty s ho p worke r s . ... .... , .......... ,., .... ,
112
77
35
93
64
29
18
Bootbl a cks • •••• ••• , •••••• • . • , . .... ..... , .... .. ........ ,..
15
15
15
Cl eaners and charwome n ............. . . .. .. .. .... ... .......
36
2
34
2
l
1
31
Cook s and chef s ( except i n private f amily ) ,...... .... ....
296
83
213
104
26
78
192
Eleva.to r o pe r ators ••• ,............................. . .....
8
3
5
3
2
1
J anito rs, ca.r ete.ko rs, and s ext ons , ••• ,...................
124
104
20
36
27
9
87
La.und r es ses ( n ot i n l aund ry ) ... ..... ............. ....... ,
1, 799
12
1, 787
83
83
1, 709
Porters (exce pt i n store s) ••• • • • ••••.• •• ••••••. ..••• .. •. ,
80
80
2
77
Pra ct i cal nurse s, hospital attenda nts , and or de r Fes •• , .,
453
7
44 6
325
320
127
Servants ( hot el s, boarding hou ses , e t c , ) ( n . e . c . ) .. . .....
100
24
76
17
83
11
Servant s (privat e f amily) ......... . ........ .. ............
3, 511
56
3, 455
184
181
3, 320
Waiters , wai t resse s, and bar tende r s ......................
359
67
292
318
44
274
41
Other d om, s t ic a nd personal se r vice wor kers. . .. ..........
418
233
le5
148
2C9
26
122
172
_
6
__,,5-'-"'
42:.:l'--
33
135
4
77
12
77
10
1, 69 7
2
125
65
3,2 67
18
62
18
53
23
207
_....
2 ~1"'"6""
1-+---'2""
1~1=0=1-+---'1~9~4=9~9- + _ ~
1~7~4~9- + - ~1~7.._7~5=0- + _ ~
3.._
. 6~6=
·9'-+_ _ _3~9~9'-+_ _3~ 2~ 7~01, 979
7, 246
7, 783
1, 608
6, 175
1 , 40G
358
1 , 044
1 82
13, 855
11, 716
141
11, 575
2, 267
41
2, 22.3
15
14
12
78
WORKERS ON RELIEF-MISSOURI
TABLE I-WORKERS' ON RELIEF, BY USUAL OCCUPATION, COLOR, AND SEX, FOR THE STATE: MARCH 1935
TOTAL 2
NEGRO
W1IlTE
USUAL OCCUPATIOii
TOTAL
TOTAL
l1A.LE
144, lGO
TOTAL: •••••••••••• • ••••• • ••••
7'{ , 263
182, 878
FfflALE
MALE
123,446
TOTAL
59 , 4 32
36,358
FEl1A.LE
HALF.
19 , 13'76
17, 182
16
16
17
6Q
1 . 455
776
206 ~-----=-',!..!_--+---...ll.i~
137
PROFESSIONAL MID TECHNICAL WORKERS ••••.•.•••••••••••••• • 1----=l '-'.6'-"?-"'
5-+------'9'-"l"'9- + - - - -7'-"5~6-4-_--=cL.3..>~l - - -!..!.!,-+-- ~ 679
~ - l - - -=
Actors.... ..... .... .... .... .... . ... ... .......... . . .... .. ..
34
21
13
26
18
l.O
Architects .... .......... ....... ........ . ... . . ....... . . , ...
12
12
11
11
l
,a
Artists, sculptors. and teachers of e.rt ••• ••• •••••••• ••• ,.
•12
29
28
13
1
14
Chemists, assaye r s , a.11d metallu r gists .. .. ..................
15
15
14
1
72
65
Clergy,:-,en and reli gious workers................... ........
129
121
57
56
4
Designe r s ...... .. . .... ..... .............. .. ...............
4
7
82
Draftsme n •••••• ,...................... . ................ . . .
82
82
82
124,
Engineers ( t e chnica.1) •••••••••.••••••••••••.••••••••••••• •
12·1
122
122
1.3
Lawyers, judges , and justices ... ......... ........ . ..... .. .
14
1
14
13
1
4
1:,ibrarialls and librarians ' e..ssisto.nts •••• ••••••••••••.••••
14
J.O
14
10
·1
235
146
Musicians and teache rs of music ......... . ..... . .. . ...... .. .
89
100
so
52
44
180
'{
Nunes (trained o r r&ginte r ed) ............ ... ........... . .
114
l.O
104
103
10
93
Physicians, surgeons, ru,.d dentists, • •••••••••••.•• •• • • ••••
13
2
15
13
15
Playground and recx:-oational workers •.••• . • •••. • .. • . •••••••
26
18
15
11
4
10
28
28
Repo rters, editors , an<l jou rrlAlists • • .. •••••••. • • • • •.•.•.•
l'/
17
ll
11
18
19
20
Teachers •• •• • • ••.• •• •••• . •••• •. .••• • •••••• ..••••• •• • ••••.•
College instn:ctors a..'1d profoGsors •••• ••••• .. • •••••.•.••
Primary and cecondP.ry ,;choo l, and t eache r s (n.e. c. )~ ....
21
Other profensi ona.l worke r 3 ••.••.. •• •. • ....•..••.•..•.•.•.•
22
23
24
25
Oth,31 semiprofessional worker s .. . ..... ..... ............... .
Abstrs.ctcrs, notarie..= , and justices of peace•••••.••• • ••
Technicians and laboratory assistants , •••• ,., •••••••••••
Semiprofessional workers (n. 0 . c.), • ••••••.•••..••.••••••
26
27
28
30
31
32
1 460
l 339
121
73
'fl
PROPRIETORS , l'!ANAGERS, AND OFFICIALS (EXCEF'f AGRIC.) .... _,_=
l -"5_4..,-'-" -+----""'
J. '-"1""'
20
- '--+----..clc.c.
2-'3 -+---"'<.,;;..:...;..._.i---.::.L.;c..c..c.._.,.
_ _--=..:;;._,1.-_
_...:..;;:,~----'..::.--1--178
178
12
12
Building contre.ctors ••...••.•.•••• ••. •••••• , ...... ... . . ...
1,, 0
190
3
3
For es ters, forest ra.nger3, and timber c:-uis e rs •• •.••. •.••.
221
220
24
24:9
1
24
Hucksters, peddlers , and junk and rag de e.le r s •..•... . • .• • •
:ss
37
38
l
Trucking, transfer fi.Ild. c ab companies , and gA.ro.,;es •••••••••
2G
423
26
407
382
13
12
Retail dealers and manage rs (n. o . c . ) ............. . ....... .
9,.
519
613
24
23
6~0
95
Othe r p1·oprieto rs, menago rs , e.nd officials ..•.•...•• . . . . •.
33
34
36
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
0
] , 8'{3
179
4 , 373
2, 500 I
115
64
OFFICE WORKERS , ••• .•••••••. ..•••••.. , ••• ••••...•.•••••.• t - - -'_, ,,'-;:5,.,€ =. - + - - -2,'-;:
' 6,.,.24
~ +----'
l ':..,9,.,,
4.,,..
5 -+--_..;:;:..;,..,..,,._-1--.,;.,,,;,.;..,:,.-+-_..:.;:...,,.,,.,,._,1-----':..,..:.-+--~:.:..._+---..::.:C303
200
Bookkeepe rs, accounte.nt s , and nudito r s •••••.. ,............
515
307
208
503
10
26
159
133
Ca.shiers (except in banks) ....... .................. .......
160
2o
134.
8$
Clerks ( n . e . c . ) ...........................................
,;,24}
1, 604
637
2, 111
l , 513
598
121
36
2
196
2
198
Mossenge r s a.nc office boys ..... .. . ................. . ......
216
212
1G
16
5?
23
34
Off ice machine ope r a.tors ,............................ . ....
58
24.
34
6
64
58
Office me.na.ger s nnd bank tellers............ . .............
66
60
380
415
45
3?0
12
10
Stenographers , atonotypists, e.nd d icta.phone opernto r s . ....
427
47
86
78
8
8
Telagra.ph and radio opera.t ors .............................
87
79
23
329
334
352
Te le phone opera.tors....................... .... . ......... . .
358
2·}
191
204
20
184
10
Typists •••.•••• • , •• , • • • • • • • • • . • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • . • • • • • • • • • • .
214
23
215
224
9
Other clerical and allied workers........ .. . ... .. ...... .. .
22?
2Hl
46
46
47
SALESMEN AND KINDRED WOHKERS •• • • • •••.••••.. •• . .• •• •.•••• t----"'
5 '-::0-,'
6;:;..
3 -+--_.;;_
:; '<...:3..::
4-c-O-+-_
Ce.r.ve.ss ers (solicitor s , any) ....................... .... . . .
12?
76
Commerc ie.l t re.velers ... . ..................................
87
83
2
3
4
5
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
29
4
567
5
125
442
562
123
439
36
23
13
181
142
31
8
5
24
149
19
118
109
2
107
398
2
396
33
21
12
169
8
24
1:,7
134
35
19
110
5
507
4
503
4 , 851
_.::.
l 1..c7..::2-c3 -+---=-c=~+
117
48
4
66
2
125
38
288
3, 018
1,397
234
1 , 217
56
15
55
15
41
i
40
11
3
3 lGi.'
73
82
123
255
1, G51
2'f
l , 683
44
n
182
148
34
3
4
48
l~ev-1sboys .... ............ .. ... .. . . ....... .. .. . ............ . ..
137
105
49
50
51
Real estate agents and insu r ance o.gents . • • . • • . • • • • . • • • • • • •
Salesmen and saleswomen (retflil sto r es) , . . ..... ...........
Other sales pe r sons and kindre d workers.. . . .. .. .. . ...... . .
309
3,1 36
1, 2?0
2 7]
1, 739
l , 036
62
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
66
66
67
68
69
70
71
1
ll. 682
572
ll. 682
SKILLED WORKERS AND FOREMEN IN BLDG. AND CONSTRUCTION • • • f----'
.""
2 c;:3c:,.
2..::.l.-+---"
1,,..2c;:3c:,.2..::.l-+.-----l-_..:;~:::c.:::_-+--~'-=~-l----~---=.:;_-1--_
186
12
486
Blacksmiths .. .... . ,...... . ........ ... .............. ... ....
499
499
152
152
8
Boilermake rs ••••••.••••••• , ••••••••• , •••••• • ••• ,..........
150
160
54
Bricklayers and stonemasons ........ ....... ....... . ........
707
70'{
650
650
Ce.rpente rs, • •••• •• , •••••• ,. . .............. .. ..............
3 , 604
3, 604
3, $0 6
80
3,506
Cement finishers .. . .. . . .... . ............. .. ...............
675
675
534
534
139
429
429
8
Electric itl.Ils ••• •• •••• ,,.,, •••••••••• • .• •••• • , •• • ••• ,......
440
440
282
282
12
Foremen: construction (except road) ...... .. ..... . .........
295
295
Forereen: road and st r eet con structi on . . .. .................
167
l G'i
163
163
3
Opera.tor s or enginee rs: stat•y a.no port . constr. equip ' t..
1, 083
1 , 083
46
1, 031
1, 031
77
2, 420
Painta r s (not in factol"J) ..... ... .. ..... ..... ... .. ....... .
2, 5ll
2, 511
2, 420
29
Papor hangers •.. • •.•• • • ••••• . ••••• • ••• •••••..••• ••. ,.. ....
286
286
253
253
Pla.stera rs ......................... ,., . . . ......... .. ......
424
4.24
360
64
360
12
Plumbers , gas and s team fitters ................ ,..........
503
003
585
585
Roofers •••• •• •• • •• •• ••••••••.• •• ••• ,................ ... ...
16)
161
157
157
Sheet metal workers ......................... .... ..........
60
60
60
60
Stonecutters and c a rv.,rs . ...... .... ............ .. . ... .....
125
122
125
122
221
221
Structura.l iron 1u1d steel workors . • . • • . . • • • • • . . • . • • • • • • • • •
226
226
Setters: marble , stone , and tile . ........ . .............. ..
80
76
76
3
BO
othe r skilled workers in buildin g and constru0tion.. .. ....
215
195
17
215
195
72
5 179
5 069
311
309
SKILLED WORKERS A.ND FOREMEN IN 111'G. & OTHER INDUSTRIES •. t - - -5'-'-:-5719.:,-.,, - - -5:J..C:.4-:-:-07-+---=lc.::.
J.;;;..
2 -+---"-'~::.._+--_:::..i..::.:::..:c_-4-_
__,l:..:::l.:::..
0 -4-_ _...::..;::~-1----........:~~
---~
3
3
121
121
Ce.binet=kers.......................................... . ..
12'1
127
128
129
Cobblers and shoe r epairmen ,.,............. . .... . ...... .. .
13fl
137
90
90
Gonductors: steam and stre et railroads, e.nd buses .... .....
91
91
30'{
273
34
19
3G
18
Foremen (in factori e s) .. . .. ...... .......... . ....... .......
327
292
431
28
22
22
452
28
Foremen and inspectors (excep-t in factories).. . .... . ......
486
458
314
15
314
Locornoti ve engineers and firemen .•...... ,....... .. . ... .. ..
331
331
15
565
565
8
8
Machinists, millv,rights, and toolmakers . ,........... .. .. ..
573
573
1, 780
102
1,780
102
11echa.nics ( n , e . c . ) .•............... ,... . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . • . •
1 , 889
1, 889
265
265
70
70
Molders, founders , and ce.ste r s (me tal ) ...........•. ,......
336
336
250
250
17
17
Sawyers , •.•.•....••...........•.•. , ....•. ,... . ............
267
267
253
23
4
23
230
Skilled worke r s in printing and engr aving, .... . . .. .• .. ... ,
260
237
4
74
58
16
Tailors and furriers .......... .. ••. .. ..... ... .. .... .......
93
76
18
l'I
17
Tinso.iths and coppersmiths .............................. . ,
178
178
172
172
3
3
;s,i
Metal workers (except gold and s ilver) (n.e.c . ), . . .. ......
38
38
34
4
363
355
19
Skilled workers in mfg. and other industrie s (n.e.c . ) .....
385
377
19
73
74
76
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
::
90
91
92
93
94.
984
2
33
1, 367
233
12
17
101
45
12
13
76
4
25
4',
572
__:::.!..!:.-+---~
12
8
54
80
139
8
12
46
77
29
64
12
l
17
7,816
l 336
7 81 6
1, 336
Ap:!~!~!~~~nw~~~!~n~ ..!~I~!:~l~i~~:·~:~~~::~~: :::::: :1--.:::..
9,c;;l:;:,~;;..;+-_.::c
9,c;;l:;,:;;..
; + - - - - - l - - -.!..C~-+---"~::;._-1------i-......:.~::!....+--~:'
..::'.::'.--4_ _ _..:_
24
Z'l
6
55
65
Asphalt workers ....... .. .................. ............ .. •••
71
'71
62
62
Blasters (except i n mines )................................
72
72
10
6
10
Caisson workers •••• ·••••••• •• • • •••• • •••• •••·•.............
lG
16
2
6
Ca.lkers, ......... , •.• ,,, .....•. ,, . . •••• ,, .. ,,., .•. , ••.... ,
6
616
6 16
183
183
805
Firemen ( e xce pt locomotive =d fire department) ...........
805
1
2
Includes workers 16 th rough 64 yea.rs of age .
Includes an estimate of 11, 900 worke r s . S0e " Qua.iif'ications of Summa. rJ Statistics fo r the United States ," page 18.
3 Includes white , Negro , othe r, and unknown color or r ace.
•Not elsewhe re classified .
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
OCCUPATION
79
TABLE !-WORKERS ON RELIEF, BY USUAL OCCUPATION, COLOR, AND SEX, FOR THE STATE: MARCH 1935-Continued
TOTAL
>!HI TE
NEGRO
USUAL OCCUPATION
TOTAL
MA.LE
FEMALE
TOTAL
HALE
fl~!ALE
TOTAL
MALE
95
96
97
98
99
100
&'El';JSKILLED 1/0RKERS IN BLDG. AND CONSTRUCTIOl,I - Cont.
Ope r ato r s of build ing fUld construct ion equipment . .•..••• •
Pirelayer s ........ . ...... . ... .... ............. . ............ .
Rodman Alld che.inmen (surveying) •• , •••••• ••• .•••••••••••••
Truck and tractor drive r s •••• ••••.••.•••••••••• , •. •••••••
Welders ••••••••••••••••••••.•••••• •• •••••.•••••••••• •. •••
Other semiskilled wo r kers in building and construction •.•
101
102
103
104
105
I06
107
108
109
110
:i9 ,4 79
12, 562
3E!1I SKI LI.ED WORKERS IN MFG. .AND OTHER INDUSTRIES . • . .•• • 1--_;:.2c:..
2 ':-;;e,,,o~l-+----=1.::.4'e..;:5c.:,:
2;..
3 -+-......::..
8 ,,._,2:.;.7;..8-+--=-::..~.;;-+----".::.<..;;:::;::.-+---"6 ·'-''9:.,:::l.;,
? -4-_
253
236
Bake r s .......... ... ... . ...... ... . . .. . ....... . .... . .......
260
241
19
17
155
155
679
6'/9
1 , !)42
Dre sarr.e.ker s and milliners .. .. .. ............ . .............
l, 96 5
23
1 , 818
1, 796
22
Fi l e r s , gr inders , buffe rs, a.nJ polishers (metal ) ....... . ..
149
148
l
130
129
l
67
67
Fi.1rnacemen. heaters , smeltcrmon, etc. (metal working) .. . .
101
101
325
325
Guards, watchn,en, and do orkeepe r s ( except. ra j lroad) ......
376
375
24
Handicra.ft wo rkG ra~ text:i. le, wo od_, leather, r,,_e tal, etc .....
24
14
10
14
iO
2 ,704,
2,704
Inaitle workers: mines •••••••• •• ••• •• • • •••••• • ••• ·••··••••
2,849
2 , 849
;:~~~~~~~~~~~~::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::
!!!
!!!
111
112
113
114
Operatives (n . o .c. ) in mfg. and all ied industries ••••••••
Chemical r.nd allied industr ies ••••••••••••• • •••••••••••
Cigar _, cigarette_, and tobacco factorie s .... .. .... .... ... .
Clay, glass, and stone indu strien ••••••••••••••••••••••
12 , tl50
215
265
372
6 ,680
H'/
82
6 , 170
68
l.83
17
10,639
189
192
276
5,705
128
65
251
4 , 994
51
127
15
115
116
117
118
Clothing industrie s •••••••••••••••.•••.. ••• •••..•••••••
Shirt , collar ,uid cuff facto r ies •••••• ••• •••.••••.•••
Suit , coat , and d res s factories ••••• • , ••• , •••••••••••
Clothing indu s tries ( n. e . c . ) •••••••••••••••••••••••••
715
313
406
996
224
15
58
151
1 ,49 1
298
348
1, 670
311
396
J. , 467
81\5
963
203
15
51
137
345
826
969
'iG
498
396
J. , 130
710
7
236
467
237
37
18
2'77
277
1B
:!.23
219
549
1,310
408
30
122
219
531
18
82
l , 154
32
44
177
833
834
562
188
300
1 , '/91
172
530
11\€
.i:s?
959
662
32
635
1€3
832
161
80
10
l4f,
1'7
G
4
547
50
45
6 , 460
216
s7.g
j ,
484
44
54 7
50
45
G, 460
216
878
45
5,611
2G4
704
484
44
45
5 , 61J.
204
704
53
63
821
11
171
821
11
171
3 , 195
1 , 879
__::.~~-+---.::.!...:::..:...:::-l--___c:
l 1..:,;~11:..:cG_
2
2
7
163
163
132
131
18
18
32
32
51
50
132
132
2 , 083
26
'/3
95
935
19
17
94
l, 148
38
21
17
10
28
14
3
14
7
56
29G
119
El,,ctric light and power plants •. •• •••••.••.••.•..•.• ••
120
121
122
123
Pood and beverage indu st ries ..•• .• •• . ••••. • ...•.. •. ••• •
Bukeries ....... .. ........................ . ....... . .... .
Slaughter and meat packing houses • •• ••••.•••• . •••••••
Food and beve rage ind ustries (n.e.c. ) •••• ·••••·· •.• ••
2 , 834
198
1 , 16~)
1,467
l , 221\
79
702
443
J , 610
119
167
1, 024
2, 099
191
124
125
126
127
128
129
Iron and s te6l, machinory, a.ntl vohiclo industries .... . .
Automobile factories •.•.•••... . -...................... .
Au tomobile repair shops • ••••••••••••••• • ••••••.••••••
Bl a st f'>1rnaces and steel r o ll ing mills ••••••••••••• ••
Car and railroad oh ops ••• •• ••••••••••••••••••••••••••
I ron e.nd steel , machinery, cl: vehicle jnd ' s (n.e.c.) ••
1,6 35
1 , 598
428
32
37
18
1, 347
426
130
131
132
133
134
Laundri es and dry cleo.ning oste.blisw.ents , ••• , •••••••••
Lumber and f'urnitu =-e indust ries . , .•••••••. • ••.••••.•••••
Mete.I indu stries ( except ir on and steel) ••• • ••••• • •••••
Paper , printj_ng, and allied industries •. ......... . .••• c
l J 480
590
Shoe facto:rio s •. .......... . ........ ~ ................... .. .
322
1, 810
135
136
1Z7
138
Textilo i ::idust ri As ........................... .. ...... •••
Cotton mills ••.••• .. .•••••... ..•......•..•.•• ..•.••••
Woolen and ·aor sted mills •......••... ......... . •. ....•
Text;i l e. i ndus tries (n. e . c .) • .......•......••..... ~ .• •
246
29
12
205
G7
138
225
27
10
188
64
124
15
139
Mi3c . e.nd not specifiBd m£1.D.ufa.otu r inb lndustr ie5 •.....•
l , J.55
792
363
l , Oi?
n6
2fll
133
52
81
140
1-11
142
143
Pa.inte r s, varnishe rs , ena..-r;ia ler s, etc . (fact ory) ......•.••
Swit.crunen, fla.g;men , and ya.rdmen ( railroad) •••••••••••••••
Taxicab drive r s 1 bus d1·ive r~, arid chauffeurs 4' ..•..••••• ••
Othe r semiskilled wo r :Cers in mfg. and other industries •••
300
268
650
2, 003
209
268
649
1, 880
11
272
253
397
l , 703
262
253
396
1, 615
10
11
251
287
23
11
251
254
33
144
145
146
147
148
149
19 . 616 - + - - - - '2::..:4..:.:8-4-_
19 864
UNS KILLED LABORERS (EXCEPT IN 1'.GHIGULTL'RE) •••• • • •••••• •1--_;:;
2.::..6'-'6C.:,7-'7 --+_..:.:2-""
6 '-'3'-"9-=l - + - - - - '2'-"
.G"'-6- + --="-""C!..-+----""""-'=
2 , 582
2, 418
Le.borers in manufactur ing !<nd allied industries. ... .. ....
4 , 172
3 , 990
182
161
327
327
Cla.y, glas s , and st one industries ....... . . . ............
665
66G
I r on P..nd steel , ,nachinery , and vehicle industries ,.....
908
905
376
375
LU1i1ber ,md f urni i.'lre industrie s.......... . ... ..........
588
569
19
499
19
518
Othe r manufactur ing nnd allied industries ..............
2 , 011
1, 3Gl
150
1, 359
l , .:!i7
).42
1 50
151
152
154
155
156
157
158
159
160
161
Le.borers except in mfg . ar,d allied ir1dustries . .•••.••••••
i1lnes , quarries, ru1d oil a.nd go. s wel ls ................. .
Odd jo"os (gene ral ) ••••••••• ..•••••••••••..•••••••• .••••
Rai lr oads ( stoant 11..nd street ) •.••. .•.•.... . ••• . .••.•.•.•
Reads , s t reots, o..r..d sewe rs ..••••••••.• .••.......••.••••
Sto r es (including porte r s in stores) •••••••••••••••••••
Le.borers e.r.d helpers (n . o. c .) in bl tl g . and oonst .••.••.
Longsho r emen and ste vedo r e a ••••••••• •••• •••••••••••••••
Lumbe nne=i , r af·tsmenJ and woodchop:pe r s . ~ •..... ., .....•..•
St reet c lea..rie rs, garbage men , and soave.nc,3 r s ........... .
Teamsters and d re.y,nen •••••••• •• • ••• .••••••.•.••••••••••
Othe r le.borer s, except mfg . and al.li.ed in<l ' s (n . e . c . ) ••
162
163
164
165
166
16 7
168
169
170
171
1'72
173
174
175
2 , 571
14, 023
DOMESTIC Alfi P.8RSONAL SERVICE WOR.l\ERS ••• • ..•• • •••••••• •1--2 "'3""'-::9_7-:-;~-+--"E,.,;;lcc.
6.:..
!J -+--"l..c.
8 ,'-::8....;.
0.;;..
4 -+-_..,;;:.;c.:....;:.;;;_:;_+--...;.c..;_;:,.-+-_;:;
l ..::.
l ,'--'4c.c5....;.
2-+-_;:,.
9'-',8::..:l:..:::
6-4-_
37]
Barber and beauty s hop worke r s ••.• ,....... .. .............
550
t,24
128
4SG
95
81
11
Bootblacks • • •••••••••.••••••••• ,............... .. ........
10J
100
12
l
_89
GS
466
Cleaners and chnrwo:ne n......... . . .. . ............. . .......
l., 064
92
9'/2
39'7
594
j , 215
50~
Cooks and chefe (<ixcept i n pri,ato family) ........ . . . ....
l , 701
S39
862
621
477
140
114
Elevato r ope r ators.... ... .......... .. .. ...... ......... ...
231
170
61
26
90
457
424
Janitors, caretake r s , e.na sextons ..... . ............ . .....
1,199
1 , 144
55
33
732
972
Laund r esses (not l.n laund ry ) • •••••••••.•••• ,.......... .. .
2, 558
28
2, 5 30
964
l , 572
b4
65
Porters (excflpt in store s) ...................... . ........
855
Bv2
4
1
709
82
'703
Pro.ctica1 nu rses , hospital a ttenda nts , and or der lies .....
759
88
6'/1
621
52
197
010
Ss r v e.nts i hota ls, boarding houses , e t c . ) (n.e.c. ) .... . .. .
1, ,a9
358
1, 091
413
832
55
4 , 605
Servants (private frunily) ••••••••••••••••••••• • ••••••••• ,
7, 954
127
7, 82'7
4,5 50
3,306
Waiters , waitresses, and bart.-,nders. .. •••••• ... •• • •••. •••
1, 806
435
1, 371
1, 547
307
1,240
251
275
Other domestic and pe r sonal se r vice workers . .. ...........
3 , '745
512
3 , 233
2 , 7G5
2 , 490
951
_,:;2'-',b::..:6:.::3--+---'-7.,_,;,2:..:5:..:;3_
50
31
89
5'12
22
238
239
35
55
22
710
19
1 .. 553
786
3
l 76
177
J.78
179
44 , 153
42 , G28
FARM OPERATORS Alm LABORERS •••• •• ••••••••••..• • •. .• .•• • 1--___:.
46:.,•:..;;5.;;.
96;;._l--_.:.
4""• '•:..:;8.;;.
50
.':..-+--....::,
1,'-'7:..;;
4.:..
0 -+--~'-=.::__+-____:;;.,_;c=_-+
_
47
44
Farm for emen, m9.1'.age rs, and over see rs....................
47
·H
20 , 266
19 , 030
Farm le.bo rer3 • •••• •••··•••••• •••••••••.• •·•••·• ••••• ·••••
:22 , 036
20 , 595
1, 441
23., 554
2 3,61\0
Farme r s.. . .......... . ............. ....... .. ......... . ....
24,513
24 , 21'(
296
_..::.l!..:.
, 9:....:7..::.
0-4-_ _....;l::,::8:,:::6_
180
181
182
C 201
32 342
IlffiXPERU:NCED PERSONS ••• • ••••••••••••• •• •• • •••••••••••• l---"35"'-'-"6-"8 ~""
- - - 1 - - -"'~-''-'7-"3"-6 -+---=2.:;...
9 c.::9-"4 -'7 -+---"-"''--"-"-"--+---:::...i...::c;:..:,..--+---"
2-'-"
'/ '-'l:..:4.:.
l --+----=2._,8:.::6c.::.8-+_ _-'4:..:4~
8.--_
4, 820
15, 019
Per sons 16- 24 years of age (inclusivo) ••••••• • •••••••••••
16 ,254
5, 2t;2
10, 99 2
10, 199
l , ~39
412
17,
323
381
Persons 25 ye a rs of age and over ••••• ,.. .................
19,429
4'/4
J.B , 955
16,942
1,7 29
36
1 53
183
UNKN0\.111 OCCUPA'I:ION) • ••••••••••••••••.••••• , ••••••••••••
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
4-46
32
216
303
G38
202
326
558
158
145
97'7
85
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22 , 505
l J 234
6 , 75·!
2 , 1150
22 , 40l
l, 234
G, 677
2, 606
1, 026
4 , 424
28
] , 198
2, 506
1, 014
,1, 424
n
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5
12 3
101
17,2 82
975
17, 198
Tl
G., 05,;
5,985
1, 633
2 , 150
377
3, 090
1, 633
2 , 450
2 , 150
12
3f;0
3, 090
28
8
1, 198
1, 174
51
648
1, 119
92
:)10
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1 , 753
l., '738
25 810
991
30
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303
620
91'/
12 261
15
13 , 549
16,201
J.16
419
595
2
91
83
88
e4
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l , 174
51
648
1, 107
8 , 518
19
69
26
14
21
16
__:::_61..:5::.,:'l..:.:8-1-_
1, 349
334
522
65
627
5, 029
251
660
722
447
l , 312
20
21
40
285
627
9,386
473
3
46
-124
19
2
91
83
82
154.
26
12
481
7
14
1
15
15
1
1
13
2
2
___:.
l ,'-'5:.::2.:,.
5 -+--=2 '<..:1::.:5..::.6-4-_
3
1, 614
1 , 236
512
286
7, 683
43
19
G44
12
190
__:::_6L.•5::.;4:z3-1-_ __..::3::,::5:__
1 , 532
17
331
52,:
66
610
17
5 , 011
251
65-1
18
722
44'7
635
i, 312
20
40
285
624
5
159
71
)27
231
1,467
503
3,585
4"/
5'13
3, 2:i5
124
720
l'/7
9
_;:;
2._4;;,;:2c.::.O
727
1,693
5,801
WORKERS ON RELIEF-MONTANA
80
TABLE I-WORKERS' ON RELIEF, BY USUAL OCCUPATION, COLOR, AND SEX, FOR THE STATE: MARCH 1935
TOTAL 2
WHITE
NEGRO
USUAL OCCUPATION
TOTAL
TOTAL •••• • •••••••••••• ••••• • .
37 , 122
MALE
FEl'!ALE
27 ,195
9, 927
TOTAL
FEMALE
MALE
35 , 845
26,239
9, 60 6
TOTAL
183
MALE
11 8
FEMALE
65
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
l ?O
2
1
:a:02- + - - - - =
123
2!17
177
PROFESSIONAL AND TECHNICAL WORKERS •••.•..•••••••••••••• • 1 - - - ~=
= - + - - ~l'-'7-"9-+---"-''-'--+---.....,.--+---=-'-'--+------"--+-----"--+-----'~
3
2
2
1
Actors ........... . ••••••............ •• • • • ••••••.••••••••••
Architects ••• • •••••••••••••••••••• •• •••••••••• •• ••••••••• •
Arti sts , scu l ptors , and t ea che r s of a rt • • •••••••• • •• • •••• •
7
5
7
Chemists, a ssaye r s , and metallurgists • •• • ••••••••••••••.••
2
2
2
Clergymen and r e li gi ous worke r s ••••.• • ••••••••••••• • ••• •••
16
16
15
15
Designe r s ................................................. .
Draftsmen ••••• • ••••••.• • •• . ••• • ••••••••••••••• • • • ••••• • .••
6
6
Enginee r s (te chnical ) ••• •• •• • ••• •• ••••••••••••••••••••••••
14
14
14
14
Lawyers , judges, and justices ••••••••••• • •••••••• • • • ••••• •
3
3
3
3
Libr arians and librar i ans ' assistants •••••••••••••••••••••
5
5
Musicians and teache r s of music •••• •• ••••••••• • • • •••• • ••••
49
32
17
47
30
17
Nurses (trained or r egiste red) ................ . .. . ....... .
29
31
2
29
31
Physicians , s urgeon s , e.nd dentists •••••••••••••• •• •••• ••• •
Playground and r ecr eational wor ke rs •••••••••• • •••••••••• • •
Repo r te r s, editor s , and journa li s t s • •.••••••••••••• • • • ••.•
18
19
20
Teache r s ••••••••••• • •••••••• • •••• • •••••••••••• • ••••• • • •• ••
College instr ucto r s and professo r s ••• • ••• • • . .• •• •••• .. • •
Pr imary a nd secondary school, and te achers (n. e . c.)~ •• • .
21
Othe r pr ofessional wo r ke r s • •••••••• . •••.. •• .•••••.•••••• • •
22
23
24
25
Other semipr ofessiona l worke r s • • ••••••••.••••• . •• . .•••••••
Abs t racter s , notaries , and justices of peace • . •.. ~ ... •••
Te chni e ians and labor atory assistants • ••• •• •••• • ••• •• •••
Semiprofes sional wor ker s (n. e . c . ) •••••• • •• • ••.••• • •••• • •
26
27
28
l9
30
31
32
327
287
31 7
PROPRIETORS , MANAGERS, AND OFFICIALS (EXCEPT AGRIC . ) •. • • 1-----::-:,--+------::~+---~
4~0-+--"'""!~-+-25
25
23
Bu ilding cont ractor s •••• •• ••• • •• • •.• , • • • ••••• .• •••••••• •• •
26
26
26
Foreste r s , fo rest r ange r s , and timber cruisers • . . .... .. . ..
5
5
5
Huckste r s , pedd l ers , and junk and r ag deale r s •••••••• • •• • •
16
16
15
Trucki ng , t r ansfer and c ab companies, and garages •••••••••
102
91
11
Retail dealers and man age r s (n.e. c . ) ••••• • • • •••••••••••.• .
100
1 53
124
29
Other proprie tors , manage r s, and of ficials • • ••..•••••..•••
148
~!
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
956
491
4
953
490
463
Bo~:!;!e~~~~~:~~~t~t;: .
1-------,-,,--+-----+------'
'-"~-'-: -+--....;:..;;..;;._-+---=-=---+---=
115
77
145
77
68= - - + - - - - - - + - - - - - + - - - - Cashiers (except in banks) ... .. .. . . ....... . . . . . .. .. . . . ....
22
22
22
22
340
246
338
Clerks (n . e . c . ) ••••• · ··•· • •· • ·•• • •••• ··· ·•· · ••••• • •••.••••
94
245
93
Messenge r s and off i ce boys ..................... . ..... . ....
1
65
64
64
65
1
3
Off ice machine operator s , . ........ . ............ ... ........
3
3
3
2
5
Office managers and bank tellers ... .... . ..... .. ...... . . .. .
3
5
2
3
130
Stenogr aphe r s , stenotypists , and dictaphone o pe r ator s .....
9
171
179
9
170
28
26
Tele gr aph and rad io operators ••••.. •• .•• • ••••• • ••••• ,.....
2
28
26
2
57
Te le phone ope r ators ••••••••• • • ,...........................
56
57
1
l
56
49
Typi sts . • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •.• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • .
40
49
9
40
62
Othe r c l e ri cal and a llied worker s • • •••••• • •••. • ••• , ••••• • .
57
62
57
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
895
521
SALESMEN AND KINDRED WORKERS •••••••• • ••.• • •• • ••••••• • •• • 1------=--t----"-"'=--+-----"
3'-'7-=4 -+12
11
Canvasse r s ( solicitor s , any) . .... .. . . . . ... ..... . ... . ......
1
17
15
Cmmne r cia l travelers •••• • • •• •••• • •••••••••• • ••• • • ••••• ·••••
2
13
12
Newsboys •••••••••• •• • •••••• • .•• ,.. .. ... .. ...... . .... . .....
l
23
22
Re al estate agents and i n surance agent s •• • • •••••••• , • • • • • •
1
697
339
Salesmen and sa le swomen (re tail stor es) ••••• • • •• ·••••· · ·••
358
133
122
Othe r sales persons and kind r ed wor ke r s .... ... . . ..........
11
62
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
1 799
1 799
1 772
s
1 772
SKILLED WORKERS Af!D FOREMEN IN BLDG . AND CONSTRUCTION •• • t----'-:-..,,.,...-t--~-~-----+-~~~-1---~-'-"--+----+------"---+----"s -+------=136
1 36
132
lll acksmi ths ••••• , •••• • •••••••••• • • • • •••••• • ••••••• , •••••• •
132
44
44
Boi l ermakers •• • •••••••••••• • •••••• •• •• , •• • •••••• , •• • •••• ••
43
43
47
47
Br icklay e r s and stonemasons •.•• •• ••••••••.••••••• • ••••••••
46
46
Carpente r s , , •••• • •••••••••••• • ••••••• • •• • •• • • • ••••••••••.•
584
584
579
579
Cement finishers •••••••••••••• • ••••••••••••••••••••• • •• •• •
38
38
36
36
Electric ians ••••••••• • , ••••••••• • •••••• • ••••• • •••••• • •• , ••
60
60
60
60
27
Fo r emen : constru ction (e.x cept r oad) ••••••• • .••••••••••••••
27
27
27
Foremen : r oad and str e et constr uc t ion •••••••••••••••• • ••••
89
89
87
87
342
342
Operato r s or eni;inee r s : stat'y and port . constr. equip ' t • •
335
335
206
206
Pai nte r s (not in factory) •••••• • •••• • .••••••••••••••• ••• ••
203
203
3
3
3
Pape r hangers •••• •• ••••••••••••••• •••• • . •.• • ••••• •••• • ••••
35
35
Pl a stere r s •••••••••• •••• ••••• • ••••••••• • •••••• •• ••••••• • ••
34
34
98
98
Plumbe r s , gas and s terun fitte r s ••••• • •••• • ••••. .. .••••• • ••
98
98
9
9
Roofers •••••• , • •• • •• • ••• •• •••••• , •.•.••••••••••••••••• •.•• •
9
9
3
3
Sheet metal workers •. .. • • .••• ••. .. . . . . • . •.•••..•.•••••••••
3
5
5
Stonecutte r s and c a r ve r s ... .. .. . .. .. . ... ... . ..... . ........ .
5
48
48
Structu r al iron and steel workers •• . • •..• .. ••• .• • , ••• • •.••
47
47
2
2
Setters : marble , stone , and tile •• .••• .••••••.••••••. . • • • •
2
2
23
23
othe r skilled workers in bu i l d ing and construction •. .. ...•
23
23
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
114
1 103
1 101
l 0 90
- - --=-l=l -+---"-'-"-"'~+--"'-'-'""-"--+----"
l -=l -+----"--+-----"--1----=-SKILLED WORKERS Ai'ID FOREMEN IN l1FG. & OTHER I NnUSTRIES •. i - - -1~=;;--t----"-'<-==:,--t
Cabinetmakers, •• •••••••• • •••• •• •••••••• .•••• • • •• • •••• , ••••
8
8
8
34
Cobbl ers and shoe repairmen •• • ••• •• • , •••• ••• ••• • • • • ••• • •• ,
34
33
33
Conductors: sterun and st r eet r ai l r oads , a nd buses •• • ••••••
6
6
6
50
45
Foremen ( in f actories) • ••• • • •••••• , •••• , ••• •• ••••• • •• •••• •
49
44
135
133
Foremen and i n spector s (except in fa ct ori es) •• •• • • • • •• ••••
1 32
1 30
87
Locomotive e ngineers and fi r emen •••••••• • •• • •••••• • ••• • •••
87
,S6
86
137
137
Machini s ts , millvirights , and toolmakers ••••• ••••• ••• •• ••• •
137
1 37
421
421
Mechanics (n.e. c. ) •••••• • • • •••••••••••••• •••• •••••••• •• •••
420
420
12
Molder s , f ounders , and caste rs (meta l) •• • •• •••• •• • • • •••• ••
12
12
12
126
126
Sawye r s ••••.•••••••••• • ••••••• , • •• , •••• , ••••• •••.•••••• • ••
1 24
124
31
Skilled worker s in printing and e ngraving • • • •• ••••••••••• ,
30
31
30
Tailor s and furriers •• • ••• • •••••• • ••••••• • • • • • •• • ••• • • ••• •
16
13
14
11
Tinsmiths and coppe r smiths •••• • ••••••••••• , •••••••••••••• ,
9
9
9
9
Metal workers (exc ept go l d and silver ) (n.e.c . ) •••• •• • • •••
2
2
1
1
Ski lled wor kers in mfg . and othe r industr ies (n . e.c . ) • . •••
40
40
39
39
:~
90
91
92
93
94
2 . 263
2 263
2 . 222
2 222
4
4
Ap!!~!~!~~~/~~~::n~a!~I ~!~~~i~~~~:~~~::~~::::::: :r-""'""'f-;'--t---=:J'-=-:;'-;'-+-----+-.....:::..t.::.,;.~+--;.::.c~-+---=-+-~--=- - l - - --==----l---..:....11
11
11
11
As phalt workera • • , •••• • •••• • •••• • ••••••• • • • • • ••• • •• , • • ••••
Blaste r s ( e xce pt i n mines) • •••• •• ••• • •••••••.• •• •••• • •• .,.
39
39
38
38
Caisson workers •.••• • • •.,.•• • • • • .•••••••••••••••.. • •••••• . •
Calkers ••• ••. •••1 •••••• • ••• •• • • •••• • •• • • • •• • • • •••• • • ••••••
76
Firemen ( e xcept loc~otive and fi re department) •••• • • ••• • ,
76
74
74
~d.
1 Inoludes
20
111
1 30
20
110
131
20
111
130
20
110
25
1
6
18
16
1
25
1
6
18
16
1
2
13
2
13
~281
~-+- - ~ ~36
+-----=--+---~-+---~~
23
26
5
15
91
9
1 21
27
~~ait~;;::::::::::::::::::::
wor ke r s 1 6 t hrough 64 years of age.
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
1 31
2
Sl Q
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371
'890
--="'---+-----'....._--+---=--+-----"'--+----"
?- - i - - - - ' - 12
11
1
17
15
2
13
12
1
23
22
1
693
338
355
132
121
11
Includes white, Negro, other, and unknown color or race .
'Not elsewhere classif i ed .
81
OCCUPATION
TABLE I-WORKERS ON RELIEF, BY USUAL OCCUPATION, COLOR, AND SEX, FOR THE STATE: MARCH 1935-Continued
TOTAL
NEGRO
WlilTE
USUAL OCCUPATION
TOTAL
TOTAL
MALE
95
96
97
98
99
100
SEl'II SKILIED WORKERS IN BLDG . AND CONSTRUCTION - Cont.
Operators of bu ilding and const ru ct ion equipment . ••••••••
Pipelayers .............................................. .
Rodman and che.inmen (surveying) ••••••••••••••••••••••••••
Truck and tractor drivers .............................. ..
Welders •••• • • ••••••••• •••••• •• • ••••••••••• • ••••••••••• •••
Other semiskilled workers in building and construction •• •
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
4 , 370
SEl'ITSKI LLED WORKERS IN l'IFG. AND OTHER INDOSTRI ES .••• ·••~_.=-:;;c..:;.-4-_
Bakers .. . .. ...... ..... ......... .. .................. .. ... .
46
Brakemen (railroad) ...... ........ . ....... . .. . ..... .. .... .
68
Deliverymen ... . .. ....................................... ,
227
Dressmakers at1d mi lliners .............................. ..
225
Filers, gr inders, buffe rs, and pol ishers (metal) •••••••••
21
Furnacemen, heaters, smelte rmen, etc. (metal working) • • ••
28
Guards, watchme n, and doorkeepers (except railroad ) ••• •••
32
Handic raft wo r ke rs: textile, wood, leather, metal , etc •••
2
I ns ide workers: mines ••••••• • ••••••• •••• •••• •••• •••••• ••.
2,433
111
112
113
114
Operatives (n . e . c.) in mfg. and allied industries ••••••• ,
Chemical and allied industries ........................ .
Cigar, cigarette, and tobacco factonies ............... .
Clay, g las s , and stone industries .................... ..
115
116
117
118
Clothing indu s tries ••••••••••••• ••• ••••..••• •• •••••••••
Shirt, collar and cuff factories ................... ..
Suit, coat, and dress factorie s ••••••••••••••••••••••
Clothing industries (n.e.c . ) .. ... .... .. .......... ... .
172
19
23
1,71 2
35
176
767
11
3-
12
172
19
23
1, 712
35
176
FE21ALE
MALE
170
19
23
1,677
35
175
170
19
23
1,677
35
175
TOTAL
FE21ALE
l'IALE
4
4
4 301
497
12
3 , 861
3 804
_..;;.i..;;.;;;.=_-1------'
5:;..;o..:;.
9-+-.......;;.'-=-=--1---..;;.,..;:;..;..;c-+--_;;:.;;..;_-1-----=-1-----=l:..::
0-1-_ _ _...:;;__
45
41
4
41
68
68
68
227
225
225
217
219
2
2
223
21
20
20
28
28
28
31
31
32
2
2, 396
4
2, 396
2, 433
512
10
2
12
15
255
1
1
756
11
3
11
12
15
506
10
2
11
250
1
1
12
12
12
3
119
El ectr ic li ght and power plants ...................... •.
1 20
121
122
123
Food and beverage indust r ies . ....... . ................. .
Bake ries ••• ·•·•••·••···•"····•• .................... .
Slaughter and meat packing houses •• •• • ••. ••• •.••••• ••
Food and beve rage industrie s (n . e. c . ) ••••••••.•••.•••
251
15
100
1 36
164
12
57
95
124
125
126
127
128
129
Iron and steel, machinery, and vehicle industrie s •.••••
Automobile factorie s ••••••••••••••••••• ••• ••.••••••••
Automobile r e pair shops ............................. .
Blast furnaces and s teel roll ing mills • ••••• •••••••••
Car and railroad shops ............. .. ........ ... ... . .
Iron and steel, machinery, & vehicle ind's (n . e . c.) ••
132
4
18
3
98
9
131
4
18
3
97
9
130
131
132
133
134
Laundries and dry cleaning establishments ••••••••••••••
Lumbe r and furniture industries •• •••••• ••••••• •••••••••
l'leto.l industries ( e x cept ir on and steel) •••.•.•••••••••
Paper, printing, and all i e d industrie s •••••••••••••••••
Shoe f act or ies .. ...... .... ................ .... . ....... .
131
63
74
10
1
26
62
74
5
135
136
137
1 38
Texti le indust ries •••••• • ••••..••..••••..•••.••••••••••
Cotton mi ll s ........... ........... . . ........... .... ..
Woo len and worsted mills ............................ .
Textile indus tries (n.e . c.) ......................... .
9
1
1
7
4
139
Misc . and not specified manufactu ring industr ies • • •••••
52
16
140
141
142
143
Painte r s , varn ishers, ename lers , etc, . (facto ry ) ...... ... .
Swit chmen, f lagmen, and yardmen (railroad) ... ....... ... ..
Taxi cab drive r s , bu s drive rs, and chauffeu r s ••.••••••••••
Other semis killed wo r kers i n mf g. and othe r industrie s •••
16
44
46
41 5
16
44
46
391
144
145
146
147
148
149
,1 ?1 n
4 205
UNSKI LL.ED LABORERS (EXCEPT IN AGRICULTURE) .••••••••••• •f---.,.._,""'--"'-+---"'--'-"-'"'--+-----"
5-+---"3..,_9""7-"5-+---":l..,_9""7-"0' - + - - - - " - - + - - - - '2"-'2'------1------'2"-'2'------1-----=--Labore r s i n manufactur ing and allied indus tries..........
4
389
385
4
1
1
395
391
r, 1ay, glass , and stone industries ......................
7
7
'I
7
Ir on and steel , machine ry, and vehicle industries ......
13
13
15
15
Lumber and furniture i n dustries..... ...... .............
98
98
98
98
Other manufactur i ng and all i ed indu stri es .. . ..... . .....
4
271
267
275
271
1 50
1 51
1 52
1 53
154
15 5
156
157
1 58
87
3
43
41
105
1
246
15
98
133
161
12
57
1 32
1 31
92
4
4
18
18
3
3
98
97
9
9
128
63
25
62
73
73
85
41
41
103
1
10
1
5
51
16
35
16
43
44
108
16
43
44
384
24
4
4
36
160
161
Labo rer s except in mfg. and allie d indu stries .••••.••••••
Mines, quarries , and oi l and gas wel l s ••.•••••••.•••• ••
Odd jobs (gene ral) ................................... ..
Railroads (ste am and street ) ......................... ..
Roads, .streets , and sewe rs • •• • • •••• ••••• • • • • • •• • • ••••••
Sto r es (i ncluding porte r s in s to res) •• ••• ••••• •• . ••• •••
Le.borers and helper s (n.e . c.) in bldg. and const . . .....
Longshoremen and ste vedores ••• • • ••••••••••• • • ••••••••••
Lumbennen , raftsmen , and woodchoppe r s •• •• ••·••••.•.•••••
St r eet c leane r s , garbage men , and. scavenge rs ••••..•••••
Teamsters and drayrnen ••• • ••• ••• • ••••••• • ••••••••. • •••••
Othe r laborers , except mfg . and allied ind ' s (n . e . c . ) ..
162
163
164
165
16 6
167
168
169
170
171
172
173
174
175
732~ - ; - - -588
2 ~
036
95+ - - - - - - '5~4-+-----'4=1'DOMESTIC Alffi PERSONAL SERVICE WORKERS ••••••••••••••••• • r - - 2
-~
~~--~
2-.1~4=
·4-+-_~
2- 5~5~7-+-_ _ _5~2=1- - t - - ~
~+---~1 04
Barber and be auty shop worke rs...........................
33
102
70
1
71
32
Bootblacks.... ...........................................
8
8
4
12
12
Gleaners and charwome n.. ........ . ....... ........ ... . .....
42
2
40
41
2
39
1
42.5
Gooks and chefs (except in pr ivate fami ly) .............. •
240
1 85
401
224
177
13
16
Elevato r operators .......................................
16
4
12
15
3
12
1
1
J anitors , care take rs, and se xt ons ........................
115
86
29
9G
70
18
15
26
Laundresse s (not in laundry ) .............................
46
46
43
43
1
Porters (exce pt in st or es) ..... . ........... . .............
17
2
17
15
15
1 21
10
Practical nurses , hospital attendants , and orde r lies .....
111
110
10
1 09
1
1
Se r vants (hotels, boarding houses , etc.) (n.e.c.).. . . ....
24G
201
222
45
41
12
10
1 81
Servants (private family)........ ... ............... . .....
1, 053
1,04 9
991
4
21
3
988
21
Waiter s , waitre sses, and bartenders ..... .... ......... . ...
394
448
463
69
62
3
386
Other dcrrrestic a nd personal se r vice workers ..............
44
69
72
28
1
26
43
176
177
178
179·
11 . 000
1 0 858
1 08
14
FARM OPERATORS AND IABORERS •••• •••••••• • •••• . ••.•.• • •• •t------'~~-+---=........a"'--+-----'
1=4=2- + - ~l=0..._.4=8=4-+_~l=0..._3=7-"6-+---==---1----=c.......+------'
l""4'---+_ __
Fe.rm foremen, manage r s, and overseers . . ..................
1
41
43
42
40
1
4 , 892
Farm laborers ....................... ..... .. ...... ........
4 , 804
88
4 , 431
4 , 377
54
6 , 065
Farmers............................................. . .. ..
53
6 , 012
6 , 012
5 , 959
53
180
181
182
7 .1 08
1 058
5 894 1 - - ---=c.......+----=-+-----'l:..::
21
INEXPERIENCED PERSONS •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• t---~:.c..=;-4-_.....=.-..::..:a'-"--+---"
6...._0""5'""0-+-----"6-"9'"'3"'2-+-----=
l..,_0""3'-"8-+---"-L='-"--9_
Persons 16- 24 years of a ge ( inclusive) ••••••••••••• ··• •• •
3 , 662
2, 624
3, 565
1, 01 8
11
1, 038
2, 547
13
Persons 25 ye a rs ~f age and over. ............ ... .........
3 , 426
3, 367
20
8
3, 446
20
3 , 347
8
1 59
1 83
UNKNOWN OCCUPATION ••••.•••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
3 , 815
1 58
903
522
565
65
451
2
542
10
492
1 05
46
3 , 814
1 58
902
522
565
65
451
2
542
3 , 586
1 56
830
461
530
60
439
2
532
3, 585
1 56
829
461
530
60
439
2
532
10
8
8
492
105
468
1 00
468
100
38
44
36
21
21
_
WORKERS ON RELIEF-NEBRASKA
82
TABLE l-WORKERS 1 ON RELIEF, BY USUAL OCCUPATION, COLOR, AND SEX, FOR THE STATE:4 MARCH 1935
TOTAL 2
WHITE
lIBGRO
USUAL OOCUPATION
TOTAL •••• ,, ••••••••••••••• ••.
FEMALE
l:"&E
TOTAL
58 , 459
41,642
1'1ALE
TOTAL
16 , 817
53,437
38 , 620
TOTAL
FEMALE
g , 817
3 ,418
MALE
1, 814
FEMALE
1 , 604
9
10
11
12
13
14
16
16
17
40
624
88~--_..:~-+---...:
48
PROFESSIONAL AND TECID!IOAL WORKERS •••..•• , • , •••••••••••• 1---"'-l.'-"l""0'=-64-_ _...:4'-"2"'94-----"6::..:7.!.7-l-----'9c'. ::9::::8-1-_ _--"3::.,:7.c!:4-J._ _~c;._..j._
_ _~
4
7
3
Actors,...................................................
31
l '!
17
24
11
13
Architects................................................
3
3
14
Artists _, sculptors, and teacher3 of art •• •••••• •••••• , •• ,.
15
7
Chemists, assayers, and metallurgists •••••••••• ,,.........
7
7
34
13
ll
Clergymen end r eligious workers. .... .... .. ... ... . . ........
47
39
2~
6
2
2
Draftsraen ••• ,, • • • • • • • • .. • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • .. • • .. • • • • • • • .. • • • • • •
24
22
21
23
Engineers (technical) ••. •••••• ••. •• ,.,,. , ., ••• ,, •••• , •• ,,.
30
29
29
30
10
9
LawyerG, judges, and justices... ........................ ..
10
9
7
2
Librar ians and librarians• assistants.....................
7
2
10
132
88
34
24
44
Musicia.ns aJ1d tea.cha rs of music ,....... . . . ................
168
112
5G
2
2
'13
67
1
66
Nurses (trained or re giste red). , ••.• • •••••••••• •••• •..• •• ,
74
1
6
Physicians, surgeons, and dentists ••••••••••••••••••••••••
11
14
Playground and rec r eatl.onal workers ••••• • ••••••• • ••••• • •••
10
12
Reporters, editors, and journalists .•..• •••••• •••• • •••.• . •
18
19
20
Teache rs ........... . ......... . ........... . .............. ........ .
College instructors and profe~sors ••••••••• . .•• , •••••.••
Pr imary and secondary school, and teache rs (n . e . c. )~ ....
556
21
Other professional workers ••••••••• • •••. , ., ••••••••••••••••
19
22
23
24
Other semipro!'es.sional workers ...... . ...... ... ..... .... .... .
Abstracters, notaries, and justices of peace•• ••• .••. ,.,
Technicians and laborat ory assista.'1ts ••.••••••••.••••.••
Semiprofessional workers (n.e. c , ) ............ . ...... . . . .
77
2
3
4
Designers.............. ....................................
25
26
27
28
29
30
:n
32
6
88
54?
2
445
531
5
84
463
10
18
62
15
67
2
440
524
20
2
18
18
18
.9
53
14
2
10
10
65
468
5
9
56
47
55
PROPRIETORS, MANAGERS, AND OFFICIALS (EXCEPT AGRIC.) •••. 1-----'4"'3"'-S-+----"3'-"9-'-'1-+------"4_._l-+-----'4"'2""2 -+-----"3"'8"'-8-+--------"3'-=-4-+-----"'-~----"---+----'-Building contractors •• ,., •• , •.••••••.••••••••.•••••••••. ,,
31
31
31
31
Foresters, forest rangers, and timber cruise rs •••••••••••.
Hucksters, peddlers, and junk and. rag dealers , ••••••.•.•••
19
18
18
19
Trucking, transfer and ce.b companies, and garages • •.••••••
8
8
8
8
Retail dealers and managers (n.e;c. ) .................... ..
147
137
134
13
150
13
Other proprieto:-s, managers, and officials ••••••.•.•• - ..••
217
197
20
230
203
27
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
OF~'ICE WORKERS, •••••••• • ••...•.•.•.••••••••••••••••••••• 1---2,,....,l"'8"-:a..-4 - - -1"'--'--"0""4"'-l4-----=-lr..;lc.::
4!:'..3-+---=2 r..;lc.:!0~0-1----"'l i..::O:.:al!:'3..-J._-.:.
1 i..::0::,8~7 -J._ __..s5~6~ _ ______c!l24-----1-_ _....24c!:.2_
BooJrJceepers , account.ante, and auditors.. ... .. ..... .. ......
342
231
111
332
225
J.07
5
3
2
Cashie r s (except in banks) ................................
53
48
51
5
46
2
2
Clerks (n.e, c . ). ....... . ..... . ...... . .....................
857
583
274
825
568
257
20
13
l1esscng0rs and office boys, ... . ............. . . .. ....... . ..
38
38
35
35
16
Office machine operator s .... . .............................
22
17
21
5
Office managers !l.Ild bank telle:-s.. ........................
15
12
3
15
12
33
372
lo
15
Stenographe r s , s t eno-typists , ,u,d dictaphone o;,erutor s .....
42f;
34
391
405
35
1
Telegraph and radio operators......... ....................
37
36
1
36
8
15<1
Telephone operators, ••••••• ,..............................
, 166
a
158
164
21
126
10
11
Typists .... .. ,............................................
: 159
22
13'/
147
3
66
Other clerical and allied wo:-kers.........................
70
6'/
3
69
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
SALESMEN AND KINDP.ED WORKEl'S. , , ...... ... ............ .. .. f---'-l "'-'7'-"0"'9-1---=-l"--'1~4'-'!0-J.- - - - '5~-6!.i!9-4_--:l.1e6,;.,_,5!.!a:8-4_
Canvassers (solicitors,
54.
4.8
52
Commerci11l travelers .................................. ,...
43
41
43
J.!ewsboys .......................... ....... ......... .. ......
16
16
16
Real estate agents ..nd insurance agents...................
100
96
4
96
Salesmen and saleswomen (re tail stores).. .................
1 , 0 24
515
509
990
Other sales persons and k indred workers •• •.•• , ••.•••• , ••• ,
472
424
48
461
62
53
54
SKILLED WORKERS Al-ID FOREMEN IN BLDG. AND CONSTRUCTION • • •1-'----=-4._,5'-"9-=-l-+---"4,_,5"'9"'-l-+-_ _ _.c:_+---'='4....,:,"-"9'-"
6-4----"
4..__,3"-'9'-"6--+_ _ _.c:_-+----l~3:::0- - 1 - - -l=-'3"'0--11--- - - = - Blacksmiths , . ......................... ... .................
156
156
152
152
4
4
Bo ilerrn.ake.rs........ . .....................................
57
57
56
56
Bricklayern o.nd stonemasons , ... .......... . ............... .
237
237
221
221
11
11
Carpe nte rs,.............................. .... .............
1,322
1 ,322
1,292
1 , 292
13
13
Cement f'inishors ........... ..... ........ . . . . ... ........ ...
202
202
179
179
20
20
Elect ricio.ns ............ , • , ........ •• .............. , •• , • • •
16 5
165
159
159
Foremen: constru ction (except road) •••• , ••••••••••••••••• ,
50
50
49
49
Foremen : roa,l a.nd str eet construction.....................
105
105
104
104
12
12
Operatoro or -engineers : stat'y and port. constr . equip 't..
297
297
280
280
Painters (not in factory). ... . .. ... . .............. ........
1,243
1,243
1,174
1 ,1 74
46
4G
Pa per hangers •.••• ,.... ........ .... ......... .. ............
22
22
17
17
5
5
PlastP.r" r s, ........................................... ,...
181
181
164
164
16
16
Plumbers, gr,.s and steam fitters. ............ . . .. . . ........
219
219
217
217
1
1
Roofers ....... .... ............ .. ......... . .. ,.............
68
68
67
67
Sheet metal workers.......................................
20
20
20
20
Stonecutters and carvers ......... ,... ............ ..... ....
14
14
14
11
S-tructure.l iron and stee 1 workers................. . .......
92
92
92
92
Setters: marble, stone , and tile..........................
35
35
34
34
Other skilled workers i.n building and construction... ... ..
106
10 6
105
105
33
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
66
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
76
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
9l
92
93
94
any)...................... ....... .
_...1..,_1a1.0!!<8-----l----'".i=·~
n-----l-_ ___,2~•1--1_ _ _1u•1--ll----11.l.n!..1;8
2
41
16
92
4
494
15
4 96
46
2
4lfi
73
33
72
SKILLED WORKERS A1ID FOREMEN IN M}'G, & OTHER INDUSTRIES. 'l---"'-l..,9:.,.;
fi,,_34-_--=-l..,9:.:l::...9-+-----"3'=4 -+---=1 .._,8"'5::::
6-J._.....:.l.1.:.8~2:!e3~----"'.!:'..--l---....!..::.-----1---.....!
Cabine·t;makers.. •• • .. • • • . . .. .. • • • •• • .. • • . • .. .. •• • .. .. .. .. • .
31
31
30
30
Cobblers and shoe repairm,m, •••••••• , • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •
73
72
64
63
Conductors: ateam and street ral.lroads, and bu ses .........
17
17
17
17
F'oremen (in facto ries) ....................................
50
46
4
46
43
3
14
Foremen and inspector s (exoep-t in f act ories)... ...........
J.40
J.26
14
134
120
4
4
l',l
141
136
136
Loc omotive engineers nnd fj_remen ••••••••• •••• •• ••••• ••••• ,
11achinists, millwrights , and toolmakers. ..................
182
182
177
177
3
Mechanics (n.e,c .)............. . ................ ........ . .
993
993
948
948
36
36
!folde rs, founders, and casters (metal) ....................
36
36
33
33
Sawyers .... ,. ... .............. ... ...... ,..................
11
11
10
10
Skill-ad workers in printing and engraving.................
75
70
73
68
Tailors and J'urriers ............ ,,........................
41
34
31
24
Tinsmiths and coppersmiths,...............................
55
55
54
54
l".etal workers (exoep-t gold and silver) (n.e.c. ), ......... .
Skilled workers in mf'g, tl.!ld other industries (n . e . c.), ••.•
108
105
103
100
SEMISKILIBD WORKERS IN BUILDING AND CONSTRUCTION........
3 016
3 016
2,794
2,794
193
193
Apprentices in building and con struction •••••••••••••• , ••• i--:::.L.::-:'-10
: - 1 - - =710=-t----....:;.-+-.....::.~l;.
O-+----=::.~l;.0-+---=--+------'~---+--~~-+-----=-As phalt workers ....................................... ••••
18
18
3
3
' 15
15
Blasters ( except i n mines)................................
10
10
10
10
Caiss on workere ........ o,. •• ••• ., •• , ••••••••• ,................
2
2
2
2
Calkers ... ,,, ,. ...... , • , , ••••••• , •• , ..... •• •••, ••••• , •• , • •
4
4
4
4
28
Firemen ( except locomotive and fire department)...........
152
152
122
122
28
:Inclµdes workers 16 through 64 years of age.
'Includes white, Negro, other, and unknown color or race.
'Not elsewhere classified.
'Antelope, Art.hur , Banner, Butler, Cass, Cuming, Dawson, Grant, Hooker, Kltnball, Merrick, Nemaha, Phelp~, Saline, Sarpy, Seward, and Sioux Counties
either did not participate in the general relief program in March 193~ or had no relief cases with workers.
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
OCCUPATION
83
TABLE I-WORKERS ON RELlEF, BY USUAL OCCUPATION, COLOR, AND SEX, FOR THE STATE: MARCH 1935-Continued
WHITE
TOTAL
NEGRO
USUAL OCCUPATION
TOTAL
FEMALE
MALE
MALE
TOTAL
FEMALE
F™ALE
MALE
TOTAL
95
96
97
98
99
100
SEMISKILLED WORKERS IN BLDG. AND CONSTRUCTION - Cont.
Operator s of building and constru ction equipment .••. • •• ••
Pipe layer s ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• , •••••••••••••••
Rodman and chainmen (surveying) ••••••••••••••••••••••••••
Truck and tractor drivers ............................... .
Welders ••••••••••••••••••••••• , •••••••• , ••••• • ••• ,., •• •• ,
Other semiski lled workers in building and construction •• •
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
3 778
2 400
3 334
2 124
SE!1ISKILLED WORKERS IN HFG. AND OTHER INDUSTRIES ••. ••• •1---.=cc...=.-...---=-z.="'--~-~l.,_,3~7-"'8-+---"-'='"'-~-~=-+----=l .z..:2:..::l"'0- + - - - - '3"-"8"'8-4_ __,2"--'4"'3-4_ _ _1:c.:4,.:,5_
Bake r s ••••••••• , •••••••••••••••••••• , • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •
9
150
144
3
3
156
147
76
Brakemen (railroad)., ••••••••••••••••••••••••••.•••.•••••
76
79
79
Deliverymen ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••
248
21
21
269
269
248
Dressmakers and milliners •••••••••••••••••••••••••.••••••
78
78
582
492
491
583
1
1
Filers, grinders. buffers , and polishers (me tal) •••••••••
3
2
5
5
3
Furnacemen, heaters, smeltermen, etc. (metal working) ••••
2
7
5
5
7
52
52
Guards, watchmen, and doorkeepers (except railroad) •.• •••
4
56
56
4
Handicraf t workers: t extile, wood, leather, metal, e tc •••
7
1
6
5
1
Inside workers: mines •••..•..•......•••••.....•.... . .••••
17
17
18
18
111
112
113
114
Operatives (n.e . c.) in mfg. and all ied indus tries ••••••••
Chemical and al lied industries •••••••••••••••••••••••••
Cigar, cigarette, and tobacco factories . ......... .... ..
Clay, glass, and stone industries •••• ,,, ••••••••••••• ,.
1,811
13
115
116
117
118
Clothing industries •••••• ,., •• , ••••••••...•••••••••••••
Shirt, collar and cuff facto ries •••••••••••• • ••••.•••
Suit, coat, and dress factories ••• , ••••••••••••••••••
Clothing industries ( n. e .c. ) ••••••••••••••.••••• •••••
92
4
38
50
107
9
35
2,277
62
330
8
14
10 7
9
35
2,277
62
330
1,077
7
3
13
102
8
102
35
2.,155
35
2 ,155
60
283
60
283
6
1,556
13
5
8
1
12
83
83
3
34
46
734
3
33
47
[l
890
7
101
2
41
656
6
230
101
2
41
172
58
5
12
77
3
31
43
9
1
4
4
119
Electric light and power pl0-J1ts ..................... , •.
120
121
122
123
Food and beve r age industries . •.• ••••..•... . ........ .•••
Bake ries •••••••••• ••• •.•• •• • •• ••••••••. ••• , ••••••• . ••
Slau gr.te r and me&t packing houses •••••••.•• ••••• •••••
Food and beverage industries (n.e.c.) ••••••• • ••••••••
989
49
687
253
124
125
126
127
128
129
I ro n and steel, machinery, and vehicle industries •.••••
Automobile factories •••••••••••••••••••••••.•••••••••
Automobile repair shops ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••
Bla st furnaces and s teel rolling mills ............ .,.
Car and railroad shops ••••••••••• ••••••••• •••••••••••
Iron and steel, machinery, & vehicle ind 's (n . e .c.) ••
159
10
33
13
66
37
130
131
132
133
134
Laundries and dry cleaning establ ishments ••••••••••• , ••
Lumber and furniture industries •.. "• ...........•....•••
Metal i ndustries (except iron and steel) ............ • •.
Pe.per, printing, and e.lliod industries •••••••••••••••• ,
Shoe facto r ies •••••• , ••••••••••••••••••••••• , ••••••••••
276
36
13
63
21
135
136
137
138
Texti l e inC.ustries ........ . .........................•.•
Cotton mills •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••
Woolen and worsted mills •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••
Textile industries (n.e.c . ) ••·•··••• · ··••·•••·•···•••
16
139
Misc . and not specified manufe.oturing industries ••••.• ,
110
76
140
141
143
Painters, varni she rs, -enamelers, etc . (factory) ••••••• •••
Switchmen, fla!;ffien, and yardmen (railroad) .............. .
Te..xicab dr-jvers , bus drivers , e.nd chFmffeurs ••.......••••
Other s e miskille d workers in mfg. and other industries • ••
41
71
111
561
,10
74
111
511
144
145
146
147
148
149
61 3
UNSKILLED LABORERS (EXCEPT IN AGRICULTURE) •• , ••••••••• •~--'1"'
0~1""0"'
8-+-_...,l,.,e
O~. 0"-"6'-"8- + - - ~4'-"0-+----"9-'"l.,.3'-'4-+---"9~ 0""9'-"'9- 4 - ---"3'-"5-4----"-'=---+-Labore rs in manufacturi!lg and allied industries....... ...
990
961
29"
755
730
25
188
Clay, glass, and s t one industries •••••••••••••••.••••• ,
25
25
25
25
Ir01; and steel, machinery, and vehicle industries ......
29
26
26
29
Lumber and f urniture industries •••••••••••••••••.••••• ,
10
10
10
10
Other manufacturing and allied industr ies........... ...
926
897
29
694
669
25
1 8G
609
184
150
151
1 52
153
Laborers except in mfg. and allie d indust r ies .•••• ••• ••• ,
Mines, quarrie s , and oil and gas welis ................ ,
Odd jobs ( general ) •••••••••• •• .••••••• ••••••• ••••••••••
Railroads ( steam and street ) •• ••••• ••••••• •••••• •••••• •
4 25
1
4 25
14!1
154
Roads, st reet s , and sewors .••••..•. •.• .... . . . . . . . . . . . . .. .
145
23
51
155
1 56
157
158
Sto r es (including porters in stores) ••••• ••·••·•··· ••••
Le.borers and helpers (n.e. c.) i r1 bldg. and canst .••••••
Longshoremen and stevedores ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••
Lumbennen, raf tsmen , and woodchoppers ••••••••••••.•••••
122
122
1 59
Street cleane r s, g;e.rbage men, n..."ld scavengors ........... .
11
11
160
161
Teamsters and d raymen ••••••••.••••••••••••.••••••••••• ,
Other laborers, except mfg . and allied ind' s (n. e . c . ) ••
263
448
263
257
447
40 4
257
4c, 3
142
635
24
354
48 4
203
127
126
25
157
9
33
13
66
36
73
35
13
34
20 3
l
29
1'7
12
16
9 ,11 8
17
4 ,3 75
77'1
826
123
2,143
9,107
17
4 , 368
777
826
1 20
2,H3
5
5
130
130
81 6
49
520
247
483
24
15 3
10
29
12
65
37
151
220
35
13
60
20
52
34
13
34
16
3 36
1 23
159
144
15
2b
184
124
156
141
15
168
1
52
1
20
1
32
1
1
27
17
1
1
27
11
9
29
12
65
36
26
12
15
12
12
15
34
107
75
50
40
70
82
537
39
70
82
49 3
11
333
8 , 379
15
4 ,1 37
697
741
110
1 , 882
8 , 369
16
4 , 130
69 7
741
108
J.,882
4
4
32
44
10
23
51
11
150
1
l 58 2
DOI1EST1C Alffi PERSONAL SERVICE WORXERS •••.••••••••••••• 'l----'-7'-'3=1=
9 -+------"'
1""'2'""6"'6-+----"'
6..,_0=5=3-+-----"
f, .....6=1=3- + - - - - '8'-'C""8-+---=4.....8=0=5-+---=.,,='-"-➔
Barber and beauty s hop workers. .......... .. ..............
224
162
62
203
154
49
19
Bootblacks ••••••••••••••••.••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• ,
13
13
4
4
9
Gleane rs and charwome n...................................
1,389
30
1,359
1 , 004
25
979
356
Cook8 a.."!c chefs ( except in private family) ........ . ......
538
324
214
389
237
152
138
32
Elevato r o pe rators.. .................. ................. ..
67
22
45
50
18
14
Jani to ra, ca retake r s, and sextons. • • • • • • • • • • . • • • • • • . • • • • •
260
225
35
164
134
30
93
Laundres ses (not in laundry). ... ....... ..... .. . ..........
113
111
55
1
54
55
Porters (except in stores) . . ...... ................. ......
191
191
23
23
16 7
227
226
217
Practical nurses, hospital attendants, and or der lies . . ...
237
10
Sermnts (hotels, boarding houses , etc . ) (n . e .c.)........
386
58
328
1 95
44
151
189
Servant s (private fmni ly)................................
2,742
16
2,726
13
2,270
406
2 , 283
,.75
Waiters , waitr.esses, and harterulers ••••••••.•.••••••••• ••
636
114
522
543
68
82
Other d oma stic and perscnal se r vice wcrkers..............
523
99
424
474
78
396
45
1 76
177
178
179
FARM OPERATORS AND LABORERS ••••••••••••••••.•••• • .•••• · i - - 1=
4 ~1=30
~-1-3 ~9~7-6- + - - - ~1=5=4 -+--~
1~3.~4~7~2 - r - ~
13 ~3=6~9 - ; - - - ~1_0~3 - ; - - - -34
~;Farm foremen, manage r s , and overseers ,. • • • • • • • . • • • . • • • • • •
10
10
10
10
Fa.rm laborers. • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •
6 , 262
6,128
134
5 , 793
5, 709
84
18
19
Farmers........................ .... . . ....................
7,858
7 , 838
20
7,669
7,650
16
1 80
181
182
228
I NEXPERIENCED PERSONS ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• • ••• • 1----"'7 '-"8""4"-7-...---=-1'-"2'-"
3"'2 -+----=6 ....,6'"'1"5 -+---'-7....,3=9~2-+----=-1 ~1=6-"-8-+---=6 ~2=2=4-;---~=-+-P"rsons 16-24 years of age (incl usive) ............... ••·•
4,010
1,184
2 , 826
3 , 824
1,135
2 , 589
66
Persons 25 ye,irs of age and over................... ......
3 , 837
48
3 , 789
3,568
33
3,535
142
UNKNOWN OCCUPATION ••••• ••••••••• •••••• •••••• , •••••••••
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
280
167
113
268
11
150
4
:~2
16 2
163
164
165
166
16 7
168
169
170
171
172
173
174
175
183
182
11
~
32
439
80
3
89
1
167
1
14
3
41
19
30
15
15
20
18
2
:a;
351
58
11
54
8
175
403
41
26
WORKERS ON RELIEF-NEVADA
84
TABLE I-WORKERS' ON RELIEF, BY USUAL OCCUPATION , COLOR, AND SEX, FOR THE STATE: MARCH 1935
TO'l'AL 2
IIEGRO
WJilTE
USUAL OOCUPAl'ION
TOTAL
TOTAL . ••••••••.•••.••••••• • ••
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
lfi.
l1ALE
4 , 257
3 , 536
F»IALE
721
TOTAL
3 , 907
MALE
FEttALE
3 ,231
67 6
TOTAL
49
MALE
FEttALE
42
17
PROFESSIONAL AND TECHNICAL WORKERS • •• . . .. • •• ••• •• •••••• • 1-----=99= --i-----=6 3=---~ - --=3-=6 -1----_..;;.9.:...
7 -1----____:;
6.:;.
2 --4-_ _____:;3..:..
5 --4-_ _ _~-1-------'----l----Actor s ,. , • .• , • •••••••• • •• •• ..•• • •••••• • .• , • •••.... , •• •• , . .
1
1
1
Architects •••• • •••• • •• • • • ••.••.• ,.,, • • ••••• • • . • ••••• •.• •• .
Artists, sculptors, and t eache r s of art •• . •.•.•• • •••••••• •
Chemists, assayers , and metal lur gist s • •• ••• •• • •• • ••••••.. •
Clergymen and religi ous wor kers . .. . . ....... . . . ...... ... .. .
Designe r s ... .. ... .. ..... .. .. . . . . .. , , ... ... .... . .... .. .... .
Draftsmen,. , •• • .••• • • •• •••• • .•• , ••• • ••.. ••• , • ••••• • • •• • •••
5
5
5
5
Enginee rs (te chnical) •••• •• .••• •.•• •• •• • •••• • • •••• . •••••••
19
19
19
19
Lawye rs , judge s , and justices •••• • • ••• • • ••• .•• •• •••••• • •.•
3
3
3
Librarians and libra rians ' assistants • •••• •• ••• . • .••••. • .•
2
2
Musicians and teachers of musi c ••.• • ••• •• .••• • ••.•.• • •.• ••
14
11
14
11
4
4
Nur ses ( trained or r egiste r ed) .... . .... .. . . .... .. .. .. . . .. .
1
1
Physicians , surgeons, and dentist s •• • ••• • • • •••••..•.••• • • •
Playground a nd r e c r eational worke r s . •• •. • , ••• • ••...• •• ••••
Re porte r s, editor s , and jou rnalists .•.. ••.••.• • •••.•.•.•.•
18
19
20
Teache rs • •••• • •..••••••.• • ••• • ..••• • • • • •• •.••••••.•• • •• • •.
College instructor s and pr ofessor s ••.•...••..••.• • •.••• •
Primary and secondary school , and teachers ( n . e . c. )~ •.•.
21
Othe r pr ofe ssional wor ke r s •..• • . , •. .. . . . .. ..••• • •..•• • ... •
22
23
24
25
Other semipr of essional wor kers ........ . . . ..... . .. .. ...... .
Ab st ra cter s , notar i es , a nd j ust ices of pe ace............. .
Technic i ans and labor atory assistant s • • ••••••••. • •.•••••
Semipr ofe ssi ona l wor ke r s (n . e . c. ) ••.••.•••.••. .- •••••••.•
26
27
28
29
30
31
-32
PROPRIETORS , MANAGERS, AND OFFICIALS (EXCEPT AGRI C. ) • ••. ,__.._ _ _
6 _2 .,..._ _ _
53___t - - - - - - - ; - - - 6_2 - - ; - - - 5~3 - + - - - - + - - - - - - t - - - - - r - - - - Bui l ding contractor s .. . ................ . .. .. ..... . ........
7
7
For esters , fores t r ange r s , and timbe r c r u i se r s ....... . .. . .
3
3
3
3
Hucks t e r s , pedd l e r s , and junk and r ag de a le rs.... . ........
1
1
1
1
Trucki ng , t r ansfer and cab companies , and ga rages .........
2
2
2
2
Retail dea l e r s and manage r s (n. e . c . ) ..................... .
17
16
17
16
Othe r proprietor s , manage rs, and officials .. . ........ . ....
32
24
32
24
iG
31
23
30
22
31
23
30
22
12
12
11
11
2
10
2
10
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
Me ssen ge r s and off i ce b oys ................... . ... . ...... . .
Off ice mach ine ope r ator s ..... . .... . .......................
Offic e mana gers and bank t e lle r s .... . ................. . ...
Stenographer s , stenotypist s , and dictaph one o pe r ator s ... . .
Tele gr aph and radi o ope r at or s .. ... . ... . . ..................
Te lephone ope rator s ................... . ...................
Typi s ts...................................................
Other clerical and allie d worker s .........................
46
46
47
48
49
50
51
SALESMEN AND KI NDRED WORKERS •••••••••.•• • ••••••...••••• • 1----=
l .:.
21=--i-----=95= - - ~ - --=-26=----1------=l"°l::..
8 --4-_ ___;;,
9::..
3 --4-----=2=5 --4------1--------1----Ce.nvas sers ( soli citor s , any) ••••••••••• • . ••••••····.......
2
2
2
Commerci·a 1 t r ave l e rs........... . ..........................
2
2
2
News b oys ... . .... • • • • • • • • • • • • . • • . • .. • • • • • • • • • • • • • . . • • • • • • • •
4
4
3
3
Re al estat e agents and insure.nee agents .... . .......... . ...
4
3
1
4
3
1
Sa l esmen and sale swomen (re tai l s t or es) ................ . ..
81
57
24
80
57
23
28
27
1
27
26
Othe r sales pe rs ons and kindre d worker s ...................
1
62
53
54
55
56
57
58
69
60
SKILLED WORKERS AND FOREMEN IN BLDG. AND CONSTRUCTION ••• t--_---'4""94
- =---+------'4""94
- = - - + - - - - - + - - - '4=8=1 --4-_ _-'4=8= 1 - + - - - - + - - - - - - " - - - - ~ - - - - Blacksmit hs...............................................
38
38
37
37
Boilennakers. . ............................................
10
10
9
9
Br icklayers and s tonemas ons. . .............................
24
24
24
24
Carpent e rs.................................. . .............
143
143
1 37
1 37
Cement fini shers ..........................................
19
19
18
18
Ele ctricians.......................................... . ...
27
27
27
27
Foremen: construction (except road ).......................
8
8
7
7
Foremen: road and street construction.....................
16
16
16
16
Operators or engineers: stat'y e.nd port. c onstr. equ ip't..
59
59
58
58
Painters (not in f act ory) . • • • • • • . • • . . . • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •
64
64
63
63
Paper hangers.............................................
1
1
1
1
Plaste r e rs ••••••••••• • •••••• ,.............................
18
18
18
18
Pllll!lbe r .s, ga s and ste am f itters •••••••• • ••••••. , . • • • • • .. • •
43
43
42
42
Roofers . • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • . • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •
3
3
3
She et me t a l workers ••••••.•••••• . .••••••.•••••••••••••••••
Stone cutters and oarvers ••••••• , ••••••••••••••••••••••••••
Structural i ron e.nd s tee l workers • •.•• .. • • •••..•••••••••••
14
14
H
14
Setters: marble, stone , and tile .... .. .. . ........... .. ... .
2
2
2
2
other skilled workers i n building and c onstruct i on • .. ....•
5
5
5
61
62
63
64
66
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
Bo~:! ;!e~~~~::~~~t;,;,t; :.
;,;,d. ~~dit~~ ; :::::::: : ::::::: : ::: ,__.._ _2~~~ - - - - ~::-+----"1_20___+-_ _2_~7-7 -+----'-:-; --4----'-1_2-'--0- - 4 - - - - - - 1 - - - - - - - - 1 - - - - -
~~=:t:r(n:::~:t ~~. ~~~ '.::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::
4~
5
2
2
66
5
11
26
5
37
5
1
1
2
60
10
25
~;
5
2
2
66
5
11
26
5
35
5
1
1
2
60
10
25
SKILLED WORKERS AND FOREMEN IN 11FG. ti: OTHER I NDUSTRIES •• ,--.._ _2_4 9_ _ _ _2~46___+ - - - - ~ - - ; - - - ~2=41"--+-----'2=3-"9 --4-_ _ _.=--1----__;;,---1----=--4----2
2
2
7
7
6
6
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
28
28
28
28
50
50
48
48
35
35
35
35
86
86
84
84
3
3
3
3
4
4
3
3
6
6
6
6
7
5
6
5
2
2
2
2
2
2
1
1
11
10
11
10
Cabinetmakers.............................................
73
74
76
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
86
86
87
Cobblers and shoe repairmen ••••••••• , •••••••••• ·•••••••••••
Conductors: steam and s treet railroads, and buse s.... . .. . .
Foremen (in factorie s)....................................
Foremen and inspectors ( e xce pt in factories )..............
Locomotive engineers and firemen.••.......................
Machinists, millwrights, and toolmakers ...................
Mechanics (n.e.c.)................... . ....................
Molders, founders, and casters (metal ) ......... . ..........
Sawyers........ . ......................... . .. . .............
Skilled workers in printing and engraving.................
Tailors and furriers •••••••••••• ••••......................
Tinsmiths and coppersmiths.......... . .....................
Metal workers (except gold and silver) (n.e.c. ).... . •• ••••
Skilled workers in mfg. and othe r industries (n.e. c. ) .....
88
89
!Kl
91
92
93
94
SEMISKILLED WORKERS IN BUILDING AND CONSTRUCTION•.•••• •·•t----=3c.;;;
2;;8 -+---...::3c.;;;2;;8 - + - - - - - - + - - - - =3:.:::l,;..
7 -+_ __,3:.:::l,;..7-+----4-----=--◄----=--1-----=Appre nt i ces in building and construction •••••••••••••• ,...
1
1
1
1
As phalt workers ................................ •• •• • •• ••••
3
3
2
2
Blasters (except in mines)................................
6
6
6
6
Caisson workers., •• ,•••.••••• •••• • •• , •• ,.,••.•• .. ••.,,., ••
Calkers .......... ••••••• •·•••••••··•••••••••••••••••••••••
Firemen (except looomotive and fire department) ••• , •••••••
1 Includes
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
workers 1 6 through 64 years of age.
2
I nclude s white , Negro, other, and unknown co l or or raoe.
'Not elsewhere c lassified ,
OCCUPATION
85
TABLE I-WORKERS ON RELIEF, BY USUAL OCCUPATION, COLOR, AND SEX, FOR THE STATE: MARCH 1935-Continued
TOTAL
WRI TE
NEGRO
USUAL OCCUPATION
TOTAL
F.lliALE
MALE
95
96
97
98
99
100
SEMISKILLED WORKERS 1N BLDG . AND CONSTRUCTION - Cont.
Operators of building s.nd construction equipme nt ••• •• • •••
Pi pelayer s • • •• • •• ••• • ••• • • • • • ••• • • • •• • ••• , •• • • • •• • •.• • •• •
Rodman s.nd chainmen (surveying) •• • • •• • .•••• .. ••••••••••••
Truck and t racto r d r iver s ... . .... . .. ...... ......... . .... .
Wel de rs • • . •• •• • .• • ••••• ••• •. . ••. • • •• • • •• •.• .•.• ••.•• • •• ••
Other semiskille d worke r s in building s.nd construction .• .
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
1 10
717
623
SEMISKILLED WORKERS IN MFG . AND OTIIER INDUS TRIES .. . •••• ..,__ . -c.::..;_---+---.....;;.;;"'-+--Bake r s ... .. .. . . . . ......... ....... .. . . . .. . . . .. . ... ... .. .. .
3
3
Brakemen (rai lroad ) . . .. ... ... . . . . ... ... . . .. . ......... ....
45
45
Deliwrymen . . .. .. .... . . .. .. . . ... . . ..... ....... . ..... . . . . .
22
22
Dr essmaker s and milliners. . . . . . ........ . .......... .. . . ...
78
5
Filer s , gr inders, buffe rs, and pol i shers (me tal) .... . .. . .
1
1
Furnac emen. heate rs, smeltermen, et c. ( me tal working) . ...
3
3
Guards, watchme n, and doorkeepers (e,ccept railroad) .. . ...
7
7
Handicra f t wor ke rs : textil e, wood , leather, metal', etc • • •
1
Ins i de wo r ke r s: mines ..... .. . . . . ... . ...... ........ ... . .. . .
415
415
111
112
113
1 14
Operatiws (n . e . c.) in mfg. and a llied industries ••• • • • • •
Che mical and allied indust r ies ........ .... .... . .... ... .
Cigar , cigarette , and t obacco factories ... .. . ..... . ... .
Clay , g las s , and s tone indu str ies ••••••• • ••••••••• • ••• •
115
116
117
118
Cl othing industries •• • ••••••••••• • • • •• • . •• •••• • . • ••••••
Shirt, collar s.nd cuf f facto r ies . ........... . .. ... .. .
Suit, coat , s.nd dress factories ••••• • •••••• •• •••••• • •
Cl othing industr ies ( n . e . c . ) •.•••••••••••••••••••• •• •
119
Electr ic light and power plants ... .. .... . .. . ...... . ... .
120
121
122
123
Food and beverage indu stries •••••••••••••• • • • •••• • •••••
Bake r ies •••• •• ••••••••••••••••••• • •• • •••••••• . •••• . ••
Slaughte r and meat packing houses •••••.•.•••• .• • • ••••
Food and beve r a ge industrie s (n.e.c . ) . . ... . ... . ... . ..
124
125
126
127
128
129
I r on and s teel, mach i nery, and ve hicle industr ies •• ••• •
Automobi l e fact or ies •••••••••••• • ••••• •• • • •..••••••••
Automobi l e r e pa ir shops ••••••••••••• • ••••••• • •. • •••.•
Bl a st furna ce s a nd s t ee l r oll i ng mi ll s ••••• • •••••••••
Car and rai lroad s ho ps •••• • ••• • ••• •• • •••• • •• •• •• • ••••
I r on s.nd s teel , machinery, & veh i c le ind ' s (n. e . c .) ••
130
131
132
133
134
Laund r i e s and d ry cleanin g esta blishmen ts ••••••••••••••
Lumbe r and furnitu r e industries • •••••• • •••••• • •• • • •• • • •
Metal industr ies (exc ept ir on and steel) ••• • • • • • •••••• ,
Paper , p r intin g, and a l l ied industries ••••.••••••••••••
Shoe f act or ies ••••••• • ••••••••• ••• ••••••• • • •••••••••• • •
135
136
137
138
Textile indust r i e s ••• • •••••••••• • ••••••••••• • •••• • •••••
Cotton mills ••••••••••••••••••• • •••• • •••• •• ••••••••••
Woo len and wors te d mills ••••••••••••••••• • •••••••••• •
Text i l e i n dustries ( n. e . o . ) ••••••••••••• •• ••••• • •••••
25
3
7
243
10
25
25
3
7
243
10
25
TOTAL
25
3
TOIAL
MALE
3
5
237
10
22
237
10
22
....::9...:c4--+-----'6""8cc.
2--+-----'5'-"9-"3-+-----=acc.
9-+_ _ __;__-+---_..:.--+3
45
45
22
22
73
75
70
1
3
7
393
393
64
46
47
12
1
10
1
11
1
7
7
4
2
6
4
19
10
FfflALE
25
6
66
17
FfflALE
MALE
17
----
18
10
8
7
4
2
8
7
13 9
Misc . and not specifie d manuf a ctu r i ng industr ies •••••••
140
141
142
143
Pa inte r s , varnishe r s , enamel ers , e tc . ( f acto ry ) •• • • • •••••
Switchmen, flagmen , and y ardmen ( railroa d) •• • •• •••·••••••
Taxicab d r iw r s , bu s d r ive rs, s.nd chau f f eurs •••••• ••• ••••
Other semiski lled worke rs in mf g. and other i ndustr ie s •••
144
145
146
14 7
148
149
737
7 36
640
639
IJNSKI I.LED LABORE RS (EXCEPT IN AGRI CULTURE) •••••• • ••••• •1----'~-+----'-""'-----1--------=---4----="'---l-----''-=-+----=-+----=
l'-"'3-+----"l'-"'3- + - - - - Labor e r s i n manufactur ing and all ied i ndustri e s..... . ....
17
1
17
15
15
Clay, gl a s s, and st one i ndustr ies ..••••••••• • ••••••••••
Ir on an d steel, machine ry, and ve h i cle i ndus t r ies ••••••
1
1
Lumber and f ur niture i n du stries ....................... .
5
5
5
Other manufa ctu r ing and all ied industr ies •.• ••••••• • • ••
11
11
10
10
1 50
151
1 52
1 53
154
1 55
1 56
157
158
159
160
161
Lab orers except i n mfg . and allied industr ies .••••.••••••
Mine s, qua rr ies , and oi l and ga s wel l s ••.•••••••.•••• • •
Odd jobs (general ) •• • •••••••••• •• •••••• • • • •••••••••••• •
Railroads (ste am and street ) • ••• •••• • •••••••••• •• ••••••
Roads , st ree t s , and s ewe rs .... . ......... .. . .. ..... ..... .
Sto r e s (.including po r t ers in store s ) •• •• •••• • ••••••••••
Lab orer s and he l pers ( n.e. o.) in bl dg, and const .•••• • •
Longs ho r emen and ste vedore s ••• ••••• ••• • •••• ••••••••••••
Lumbenne n, r aftsmen, and woodch o ppe r s • •••••••••• . ••••••
Street c l e ane r s , garba ge men , and s c ave n ge rs ••••• • •••••
Te ams te rs and d rayme ~ ••• • •••• •••••••••••••••• •• ••••••••
Othe r l aborers , except mfg . and a llied i nd' s (n . e .c.) ••
162
l63
164
165
166
167
168
169
170
171
172
173
174
175
356
209
147
306
1 23
1 83
18
14
4
DOMEST IC AllD PERSONAL. SERVICE WORKERS ••••••••• •• •••• •. • 1 - -.......>=.4---....=..!"---l-----'"""---+----"'-""'-+---""=-+---""""'-+----"'-"'-+----="'--+-----=Barber s.nd beauty s hop worke r s .......................... .
14
13
11
10
l
3
l
Bootb l a ck s ••••••••••• •••• ••• •• • • •••••••••••••••••••••••.••
1
1
1
1
Cleane r s and charwome n •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••
4
6
2
3
3
1
1
Cooks and ch e fs (except i n pr ivate fami l y) •••••• ••• •••• ••
69
52
17
59
42
17
7
7
Ele va t or o pe rato r s • • • ••••••• •••••• • •••••••••••••••••• , •••
l
1
1
1
Janitors, ca retake r s, a nd s ext ons •••••••••••.•• • ••• • •••••
25
28
23
21
2
3
Laund r e sses (not i n laund ry) ......................... ••••
16
1
10
10
15
Porters (e xcept i n stores) ...... ... ..................... .
3
3
24
21
3
Practical nurses , h ospital attenda nt s , and orde r lie s •••••
24
21
3
20
Servant s ( hote l s, b oarding hou s es , e t c . ) (n. ·e . c .) ....... .
8
12
19
7
12
75
14
61
66
Servants (private f amily) ••• •••••••••••••••• · ··•••••·•• ••
52
14
Waiter s , waitres ses , and barte nde rs ..... . ............... .
57
19
38
32
50
18
other dome s tic and per s onal se r vice wor ke rs ••••••••••••• •
42
5
37
4
38
34
176
l 77
178
179
611
4<l?
492
605
6
FARM OPERATORS AND LA.BORERS ......... . ....... . ........ . •·1-----'""""----+----"""'--4--------"'---4---.....,"-4-----'=-+----"---+------1-----+----Farm f'oremen, mana ge r s , and ow r se ers • . • • ••••••••• • • •••••
5
5
5
5
Farm laborers ••• • • •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• • • •
454
450
4
343
340
Farmers ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••
1 52
14 9
1 50
2
147
180
l8l
246
47
199
233
43
INEXPERIENCED PERSONS ••••••••••••••••••• , ••••••••••• • •• .___--'=-4-----""'-+----==-+---="'--+-----""'-+----'l'-"9c.
:e0-4_ _ _-=--+------=--1----=-Persons 16-24 y ear s of a ge (in c l usive ) ••••• •••• •••••• •• ••
1 04
69
32
72
99
30
Persons 25 ye a rs of age and over • •• •••• , .................
142
1 21
15
127
1 34
13
182
18S
UNKIIOWII OCCUPAT I ON ••••••••••••••••••••••• , • •••••••••••
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
4
2
10
6
58
720
61
1 82
48
177
9
166
4
2
10
6
57
2
10
4
53
2
10
4
52
71 9
61
1 81
48
177
9
1 66
625
56
15 3
30
1 61
9
147
624
56
1 52
30
1 61
9
147
21
21
19
19
31
25
31
25
27
23
27
23
28
10
18
26
12
17
12
WORKERS ON RELIEF-NEW HAMPSHIRE
86
TABLE I-WORKERS' ON RELIEF, BY USUAL OCCUPATION, COLOR, AND SEX, FOR THE STATE: MARCH 1935
TOTAL
2
NEGRO
WHITE
USUAL OCCUPATION
TOTAL .••••• . ••••••••••• •••••·
J,'EMALE
MALE
TOTAL
9 , 960
7,901
2,059
9 ,917
TOTAL
FEMALE
HALE
TOTAL
7,866
2 , 051
FEMALE
MALE
19
13
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
62 - + - - - =
155
PROFESSIONAL AND TECHNICAL WORKERS •••.••••••••••••••••• ' l - - - --""15e.,G' - l - - - - 94
= - . - - --"'-''
- = - + - - - 93
- " ' < . + - -62
-"-"-+-----':...+----+----l
1
Actors ................................................... • ..
l
2
2
Architects •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••.••••••••
3
l
Artists, sculptors, and teachers of art .............. • ... •.
3
2
Chemists, assayers, and metallur gists •••••••••••••••••••••
2
2
Clergymen and religious worker s • • •. •• ••••••••••.•••••••••.
2
Designers •••. •••• ••••• ••••••••••••••• •••••••• ••••• .•••••.•
Draftsmen ••••••••••••.••••••••••••••••••.••••••.•.•••••..•
7
7
7
28
28
Engineers (technical) •••••••••••.•••••••••••••••..••••••••
28
28
Lawyers, judges, and justices .•• ••••••• • • ••••••.•• ••••• •••
10
9
Librarians and librarians ' assistants •••••••••••••••••••••
1
10
1
3
Musiciar.s and teachers of music ••••••••••.••••••.•••••••• •
14
11
14
11
12
Nur ses (trained or regi ste red) • •••.••••••••••••••• • •..••••
1
11
12
1
lJ.
Physicians, surgeons, and dentists •••••••• •••• ••••.••••.••
4
Playground and recreational workers •••••••••••••••••••••••
Reporters, editors , and jou rnalists .• - .•••••••••••••••••.•
18
19
20
Teachers •• •••• •••••••••••• • •••.•••• •• •••••••••••••••••• •• •
College instructo r s end professors •.•••••••..•..•••••..•
Primnry and secondar.1 school, and t eacher s (1;.e. c. ) 3•••••
40
21
Other professional worke rs ••••••••••••••...•••••••••••••••
16
22
23
24
25
Other semipro fessiona l workert> •...••.....•.••..•....•.•...
Abstre.ctcrs, nota.ries , 1 and j tt s-tic e s o f' pea c e ............ ,
Technicians anc! laboratory assist ants ••••••••••.•.••••••
Semiprofessional workers (n.a. c.) • •••••••••••.••••••••••
12
26
27
28
86
83
PROPRIETORS, t·WlAGERS, M'D OFFICIALS (EXCEPT AGRIC . ) •••• f - - - - - '8""6'-+-----'8::..::34-_ _ _..:::...,..__ _-='-+-----'=-+-----':...+----+------+----6
6
Bui lding contractor s. • . . • • • • • . • • • • • • . • • • • • • • • . • . • • . • • • • • • •
6
6
8
8
Foresters, forest rangers, and timb~r cruisers •.. ,........
8
8
11
11
Hucksters, pedd l e rs, and junk and rag dea lers.............
11
11
4
4
Trucking, tre.nsfer and cab companies, and garnges.. .......
4
4
32
33
Retai 1 de ale rs and mane.gers ( n. e. c . ) . . . • . • • . • • • • . • • . • . • . • .
33
32
24
22
Othe r proprietor.::;, manage rs, and offitJials.. ...............
24
22
29
30
31
32
17
3
14
3
37
23
40
23
37
17
3
14
23
23
16
4
4
12
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
179
364
OFFICE \-IORKERS ••.• • •• ••••••.••••••..• , ••••• • ••.. ••• ••••• t - - - - 36,...8-+-_ _ _
18='1~
· - - - - 181
-+---~ - - ~ 1C5
.-+--~~----+----+----44
25
19
19
Bookkeepers , accountants., and auditors... ..................
44.
25
1
1
2
3
17~
59
120
59
177
11 8
Mossenge.rs and office boys ......... . ... ...... ... ... . . ... .. .
s
8
Office ma.chine o:perators,,. ................................ .
2
3
1
2
Office ?!tanagers and bruL'lc tellere .......................... .
4
4
2
69
Stenographer~ .. stenotypists, a.. .YJ.d dictaphone operator s •....
62
68
7
61
Te le g raph and radio operr.:tors •••• • •••.. • .••••• •• , •••.••.• •
7
7
7
10
Te lephone operators ••••.••••••••••••••••••••• . ••••••••••••
12
10
12
2
24
'l'ypists •••.••••• , •••••••••••••••••. • •••••••••• • •••••••••••
25
24
25
Othe r clerical and allied workers ••••• • ••••.••••••. • •••••.
14
14
14
14
46
46
47
48
49
50
51
335
70
265
71
SALESN~N AND KINDlIBD WORKERS ••••. ••. •. , ••••••••••••• , .• ' l-----"3::"-',7- +----"26:,..:6,__·~----'-''--+----"-"-"-~--..:::.:::.:'-+----'-"--+-----'-+----'--+----Canve.Gse r s (solicitors, any) •••. , ..... ..... .. .............
9
2
2
7
Co,mnerci!ll travelers . ..... . .......... .....................
7
7
7
li0,·1sboys ........... .... . . ... .. ......... • ... • •. •. • • • • • • • • • • • • •
Real estate agents and inGura.."'lce a.gents ................... .
14
14
14
14
Salesmen and saleswomen (re tail sto res ) .................. .
229
16 8
61
228
168
60
8
Other ss.les persons and kindred worke rs •••••• ••• ••••••••••
71
63
8
62
70
62
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
1 056
l 056
SKILLED WORJ(J,,'RS AND FOREMEN IN BLDG. AND co,rnTRUCTIO!l ••• f--...:l:..,..:;.05
" -'9'-l----'l'-'-"-05~9'-l-----+----=-<~'-+---':..,..:;."-"-+-----+----=-+-----==--+---28
28
n1acksmiths ................. . .............................
28
26
1
1
1
Boilertnake rs ...................... . .......................... .
','8
78
78
78
Bricklaye rs a..n<l stonemo.sons . ~ ..• • .•••••.....•.•••••••.•..•
327
329
329
327
Carpenters •••••••••••••••••••••••••.•••••.• • ..•••••••• , •••
24
24
24
24
Cement finishers . ............ ....... ... , ... ..... ... .. ..... . .. .
30
36
36
36
Elect r icians •••••••••••••••••• • •••••••••••••• , ••••••••••••
7
7
7
Foremen: construction (except road) •.•••••••.••••• , • •••• ••
6
Foremen : road and street cons·truc'tion ..... .. .............. .
6
48
49
49
48
Operators or cn,;.i.nee rs: stat'y and port. constr. equip ' t ..
325
326
326
326
Pe.inters (not in factory) •••••••••.•. .• •••••••••.•••••••••
2
2
2
2
Paper hangers ••••• •••• •• , •••••••••••••••••••.••••.••••••••
10
10
10
10
Ple.ztere rs .................................................. .
50
50
50
50
Plu.i,ibc r s, ga s and st.ear.:. fittors .. ............... , .. . . ..•...
26
26
25
26
Roofers ...... . ...... ................ ... ... ...... .... , .•••.•.•
4
4
4
·1
Sl1e et me·tal vvorko r s .......................................... .
45
45
45
45
Stonecutters and carvers., •• ••••• .••••....•. ,, ............. ~.
l'!
17
17
17
Structura 1 iron and 3tee 1 worke rs . .... ~ ....... ~ ........ ~ ..
1
l
1
Sette rs: marble, stone , e.nd tile . ........................ .
J.
20
20
20
20
othe r skilled worke r s in building and constru~tion •....•.•
33
34
;,5
36
3'1
61
62
63
64
65
66
6'7
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
76
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
;~=~~:r(n:=~~:)~.:~.-'.'~~'.::: :: ::::: ::::: :: ::::::::::: :: ::
~~. :~~~~! .
1
~~~~. :~:~::~~~~: :1-----=-ci;:--:=~;-+-----=-.i~~rl-----'-+---"-i'i:-+--.....:.;c;....+-----''-+-----'
::....+-----'=-4---12
12
5
~~.
:~~~!~;s(n~!~~-~t~::::.
~~~~~~~:::::::::::::::::: :
Molders, fo,inders, a..'1.d caste rs (metal) ••••.••••.••••••••••
Savrye r s •••• ......................... . ... , .•.. .. • • .... • .. • .. • •
Skilled workere in prin ting: and. e ngre.vinr; ••• • • • ••• , •••••••
'failors and furriers .......................................... .
Tinsmtths and. coppersmiths ••••••••••••••••••••••• , ••••••••
Metal workero (except go ld e..-id. silver) (n.e.c . ) .......... .
Skilled workers in mfg. ond other industries (n.e.c.) • • •.•
:: Ap:;:~!~!~;2~,,1'~~~~:~~
90
91
92
93
94
:~ ~~~:.
ca!~!~;!~k~~:~~~.
~.
•
Cobblers snd shoe r epairmen •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••.•
Conductors: atee.m and street railroads., and buses •..••••••
Foremen (in :factories) ••••• •• • • •• • •••••••••• ••• ••.••• •• •••
Foremen and inspectors ( except in factories) ••••••••.•.•••
Locomotive engineors and firemen •••••••••• • • ••••••• ••• •• ••
workers 1 6 through 64 years of o.ge.
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
7
38
21
23
102
159
34
53
20
2
15
38
20
23
102
159
34
53
18
9
2
50
15
2
50
546
539
9
9
38
21
21
102
159
34
53
20
2
15
2
49
7
1
1
9
38
20
21
102
159
34
53
18
15
(,
49
646
646
a!~I~!~~~i~~~~:~~~•:~~~::::::: : i - - - - 6 5....,l:-+-_ _ _
G5....,~: - + - - - - - - - - ~ . - +
2 - - - - ' - -2. , - + - - - - - + - - - - - ' - + - - - -3- + - - - -
As phalt workers •• , ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• , ••• •••
Blastars (except in mines) .......................... '"....
Caisson workers ........ ~ .• •• •• , ............ ,. • •.• •..•••• •••• .
Calk:ers ••••••••• , •••••••••.••••••..•••••••••••••••••••• , ••
Firemen (exce pt locomotive and fi r e department) •• •••••• •••
1 I ncludes
5
9
1
12
4
12
1
87
87
l
4
4
12
12
1
87
1
87
Inc ludes white, Negro., other_. and unknown color or race.
3No-t; els<>where classified.
OCCUPATION
87
TABLE I-WORKERS ON RELIEF, BY USUAL OCCUPATION, COLOR, AND SEX, FOR THE STATE: MARCH 1935-Continued
TOTAL
WHITE
NEGRO
USUAL OCCUPATION
TOTAL
FE11ALE
MALE
FE11ALE
11ALE
TOTAL
MALE
FfflA.LE
95
96
97
98
99
100
SE111SKILLED WORKERS IN BLDG. AND CONSTRUCTION - Cont .
Opera.tor s of bu i lding e.nd conGtruction equ i pme nt .• • •••• • •
Pipele.yers ••••• ·•• •• ••••• • •••• • • • •••••• • • • •• •• • • ••••••••••
Rodmen and cha.inmen ( surveying) , •••••• • •••••• • •••• • ••••••
Truck a.nd tractor drivers ••••• • .•••••• • •••• • • • • •.. • •. • • ••
We l ders • •••••• • ••• • ••••••••.. • •••••••••• • •• • • •• •. • ••• ,. • .
Other semiskilled workers in building a.nd construction •••
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
2 142
2 982
SEl1I SKILLED WORKERS IN MFG . AND OTHER INDUSTRIES . • •• •• • 1----"'-'-'=------",=""-~---'840
"-=-+-----"2...,9"-'-17-"'8-+-----"
2 ....,
.l..,3'-"8- + - - - 'B
e.,4a.:c0--1-- - - - = - -4--- - - - = - - + -- - - = -Bake r s . .. ..... . .. . ...... .. . . .. .. . ... ....... . . . . .... ......
42
41
1
42
41
1
18
18
Brakemen (railroad) ..... . ....... . . . ..... . ...... .. .. . . . .. .
18
18
Deliverymen •• • • . • • •••••• • ••••••.• •• , ••••••••••••••• • • ,...
56
55
55
55
Dre ssmakers a.nd mill ine r s ............ ,. . . . ...............
47
48
47
48
l
Filers, gr inde:-s , buffer s , and pol ishers (metal ) ... . .....
14
14
14
14
Furnacemen, heaters , smelto rmen, etc . (metal working), ...
2
2
2
2
Guards , watchmen, and door keepers ( except ra.ilroa.d) •. • ,..
16
16
16
16
Ba.ndicra.ft wo r ke r s : textile, wood , le!l.ther, met al, etc. ..
2
1
2
l
1
1
1
I nside wo rke r s: mines •••..••••••• • ••• • .. • • • ...•.••.••••••
111
112
113
114
Ope r atives (n . e . c . ) i n mf'g . a.nd allied i ndus t rie s ...... ..
Chemical a.nd allied i n duatri e s •• • ••• •• ••• • •••• • ••••••••
Cigar, cigarette , and toba cc o f a cto r ies . .... .. ..... . .. .
Cla.y , g lass, a.nd stone i ndust r ies ..................... .
2 ,5 26
11
45
13
1, 740
7
39
13
786
115
116
117
118
Cloth ing indu s t ries ••••• • ••••••••• • ••••• • ••••••••••••••
Shirt , colla r and cuff factories . .. ............ . ... . .
Suit , c oa.t, and dres s factories •• • •• •• ••• • •••• • • •• •••
Clothing industrie s (n . e . c . ) • • •• •• • • ••••••• • •• • ••••••
33
1
15
17
12
1
6
5
21
119
Electric lig..~ t and power plants •. ~ . . . .. .......... .. .... .
120
121
122
123
Food and beverage industries ••••• ••• ••• •• ••• ••• •.•• • •••
Bakeries , ••••••••••• •• •••••• • ••• • • • ••••.•••••••• • •.••
Slaughter a.nd meat pa.eking housos •• • • •• • . • • •.. • • •• • • •
Food and bevera ge industrie s (n . e . c. ) • •• • •• • •••.•.•••
24
4
2
18
1 24
125
126
1 27
128
129
Iron and steel , machinery, and -vehic l e industries •. • •. •
Automobile facto r ies •• •• ••••••• ••••• • • • • •• ••• •••• • •••
Automobile repair shops., . ,. •.•• • •••• • • • . • • • ••. • •• •.•
Blast furnaces and s t ee l rol l ing mills •••• • • •••••••• •
Ca.r a.nd r a ilroad shops . . ..... .. ................. . ... .
I r on and steel, me.chino ry, & vehicle ind ' s (n.e . c .) ••
120
11
130
131
132
133
134
Laundries and dry cleaning establishments ••• •• •• • ••••• •
Lumber and furniture industries •• • • • • •• •••• •• • ••• • • • • ••
Metal industries (except iron and steel) •. ••••• ••• •• •••
Pe.per, printing, and a.Hied industr ies • ••.• •••• • .••••••
Shoe fe.ctories •••••••••.••• •• • • ••••••••• • .••• • •••••••••
135
136
1 37
138
Textile industries ..... .. .. ... .
Cotton mi 11 s ... . .. . ..... . .. ...
Woole n a.J1d wor sted mills • •••.
Textile industries (n . e . c.) ••
38
17
3
418
12
57
38
17
3
418
12
57
38
17
3
4.14
12
56
38
J.'7
3
414
12
56
2, 524
11
45
13
1 , 738
7
39
13
786
33
1
15
17
12
l
21
19
3
2
14
24
4
2
18
19
3
2
14
120
1 11
11
2
26
78
111
11
3
1
26
70
34
162
20
103
788
15
161
20
86
507
.•. ..... .... . . . . ...•.•.•
.... ..... . .. .... . ..... . .
•. • • . . .•• .. . . .. ..•.•. •• •
• •• • •• •.••• •• • ••• ••• • • ••
1,068
610
285
173
651
343
197
111
139
Misc. a.od not specified manufactu r ing industries ••. ••• •
102
96
101
95
140
141
142
143
Pe.inters, varnishe rs, enamelers , otc . (facto ry ) • •. . • ••• ••
Switchmen, flagmen, and yardmen ( railroad ) •••••• • • • • •• •• •
Trucicab drive r s , bu s drivers, and chauffeurs ••••.. • • •••• •
Othe r semiskilled wo r kers in mfg. and other indu stries •••
19
12
55
172
19
12
55
167
19
12
53
172
19
12
53
167
144
145
146
147
148
149
\JNSKI LI.ED LABORERS (EXCEPT IN .<.GR I CULTURE) • • • ..• • • • ••• •t--Le.bore rs in manufactur ing and allied industries ... . ... . ..
Clay, glass , and stone industries . .. . .... ..... .. .. . . . ..
Iron and steel, machinery , and vBhicle industries. .....
LUJ!lber and f urniture i.ndustries . . ..... ........ ... . . ,. ••
Other manufacturing and allied industries • . • • • •• • • •••• ,
1-833
l 819
-"-'-""""'--+--"'-&.:e.e-"-+-----"l"'4-+---"'-l...,_8'-"-"-23-+--"-'._.8""-0-"-9-+---~
14 - + - - -"'-4- + -358
345
13
356
343
13
14
14
14
14
20
20
20
20
44
44
44
44
280
267
13
278
265
13
150
151
1 52
153
Labo rers except in mfg. a.nd all ied industries .. ••.. •. •.••
Hin<>s, quarries, e..-id oil and ga s wells •.. . ••. •. , .• •••••
Odd jobs (general) • •• ••••• • • • •.•••• ••.. • .• •• • •• • •••••••
Railroads (stea..'!l a.nd street) • ••• • • • ••• • •••• • • • ••••• • • • •
1,475
12
314
228
4
6
9
12
11
4
6
12
3
3
2
26
78
1
26
70
17
281
34
162
20
103
787
15
161
20
86
506
17
281
417
267
88
62
1,068
610
285
173
651
343
J.97
111
417
267
88
62
19
1,474
12
314
1,467
11
313
72
72
4H
27
201
444
27
201
72
442
27
200
1,466
ll.
313
72
442
27
200
22.8
227
227
154
Roads , st reets, and sawors .•. •• •••• • .• . . . .. .. ...... • • • •
155
156
157
158
Stores (including porte rs in stores) • • • •.• •• •••• • • • ••••
Laborer a and helpers (n. e. c . ) in bldg. and canst . .•• •• •
Long shor emen and stevedores • • . • • • •• • . ••• • .••••• •• •• • •• •
Lumbermen, raf-ts:men, and woodc hoppe r.:::; •• • • .•• ••... ..• • ••
1 59
Street cleane rs, garbage men , ancl scavengers . . .. .... •.•
2
2
2
2
160
161
Terunste rs e.r.d d raymcn •• , • . •••.••••• •. • •• •••• • ••• .• • • , ••
Other laborers, except mfg. and all...ied ind ' s (n . e . c.) • •
91
84
91
83
91
82
91
81
19
1
-
"'-4-1-- ---=---
162
163
164
165
166
167
168
169
1 70
171
172
173
174
175
10
824 + - - --"'-"'-"--+----"
2~9
DOl1ESTIC AN1l PERSONAL SERVICE WORKERS •.• • . •• •••.• • • •• • • t-----"......_5"'-"5
.,_+------"":.i..
.,__+-_
24
19
Barber and beauty shop worke r s ••.••• • • •• • • .••• • ,... . .....
5
24
7
6
Bootblacks .. . .. . ... .. . .. ...... . ........ . . . .... ... . .. ... ..
1
7
40
6
Cleaners and charwome n ... . ........... .... ......... .... ...
34
40
94
81
Cooks and chefs {exct!pt in private family) . ..... . . . . . ....
13
92
2
2
Elevator o!)6rators ............... . . .. .. . ... . . . .. . . .... . ..
2
49
49
,Tani tors, car etakers, and sextons • .• • • .• ••• • . ,... . . .. ....
49
6
1
Laund r esses (not in laundry) ..... . . . . .. ... . .. .. .. ... ... . .
6
1
1
Porte r s (except in stores) • • • • • . • • • • . • • • • • • • • • • . . . • •. • . • • •
1
40
5
Practical nurses, hospita l atten dants , and orderlies . . . . .
35
40
82
49
Servants (hotels. boarding house s , etc . ) (n. e . c.) . . . . . . . .
33
81
304
4
Servant s (private family) .. • • • • • • • • • • • . • • • • • . • . • • • • • . • • • •
300
302
'77
Waiters, waitresses, and bartende rs . . .. . ... . . . .. .. ... . ...
6
71
77
98
30
Other domo stic a.nd pers onal se r vice workers ..... . . . . . ....
68
98
1 76
177
178
179
534
53 2
FARM OPERATORS AND LABORERS ••••••• • •• , •• , ••.• ••• .• • .•• • 1------"-=-:;--+----"-"':-t----.....:a:...+---"'
5""
32"--t------"
5"'
30" ---+----"--+---=----+----=--+-Fann f oremen, manage r s, a.nd ove rseers . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. .....
3
3
3
3
422
420
Fe.rm l e.bor ers .. • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • . • • • • • • • •
420
418
109
Fa rmers ... . ...... . .. .. ........ . ... . . .. . . ....... . . • • • • • • • •
109
109
109
180
181
182
563
25 2
INEXPERIENCED PERSONS •••••••••••• • ••••••••• ••• • ••• •••• • t----"'c'-"--+----"'-"""--t------"
3-"'11.___t--_---"
5"'
61.___t------"
2"'
51.___+-_---"
3-='10" ---1-----=--'------'=--+---_.±...412
241
Persons 16- 24 years of a.ge (inclusive) •••••••• •• •• • •• ••••
171
4 10
240
170
151
11
Pe r sons 25 years of' age a.nd ove r............. .. . . ........
140
151
11
140
183
UNKNOWN OCCUPATION••••••••••••••••••••••• , ••••••••••• , J
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
18
15
3
I
16
_.,,2,l!,l...fifi- + - --"'""""-'"'- -+---- ~+ - ---"'--'----.,!,__
19
5
6
l
6
34
79
13
2
49
1
1
5
35
48
33
298
4
6
71
30
68
15
-::__
WORKERS ON RELIEF-NEW JERSEY
88
TABLE I-WORKERS' ON RELIEF, BY USUAL OCCUPATION, COLOR, AND SEX, FOR THE STATE: MARCH2 1935
TOTAL 3
WHITE
NEGRO
USUAL OCCUPATION
TOTAL
TOTAL
MALE
114,980
37 ,5 5]
23 , 942
13 ,6 09
266
10
173
6
93
4
56
55
78
11
63
15
11
16
16
17
1 713
1 ,26 9
PROFESSIOHAL AJ:D TECHNI CAL WORKERS •• • • •••••••• •• ••••• • • • f - --=-li.::9c;:.
9.,_7- + _~l'-'4"'5-"8 - + - - - '5:..::3c;:.
9-+-------=i:..::.c:::._+---..:::.,_:
63
31
Actor s .......................................... ... ..... . •
73
37
36
23
22
Archi tects..... . ..................... . ...... . ..... . ...... .
23
22
1
66
53
70
55
15
Art i sts , s cu l pto r s , and t ea che r s of art ... . ...... .. .......
Chemist s , assaye r s , and metallurgists ......... ... .........
42
40
2
41
39
Cl e r gymen and r e li gious wor ke r s ................ . ......... .
82
76
6
25
20
61
39
22
39
De signe r s .............................. . ............ . .....
61
170
170
173
173
Draf t s men............ . .................... . .. . ............
171
171
Enginee r s ( t e chnical ) •••• • •.• , ............ . ........ . ......
178
178
12
12
Lawye r s , j u dges , and ju~tice s .......... . ..................
12
12
9
9
Li br arians and librar ians I assi s tants ........ . ......... . ..
9
373
85
309
378
Musicians and teache r s of musi c.............. . ............
458
Nur s es (t r ained or regi ste red) • •••••••••••••••.. • .•. • •. ...
158
147
8
150
8
Phy sicians , su r geon s , and dent i s"ts •••••• • •• •. • ••• • • • • • •. • •
19
19
16
16
P l aygrou nd and r ecr eat i onal worke rs ••••••••••••• • ••• •.•...
45
35
10
35
28
Repo rte r s , editors, and journali s t s .. . . . . . .......... . ... . .
43
40
3
38
41
18
19
20
Teache rs •••••• • • • • • •• • •••••••••• • ••• • •••••••••••••••• • .•••
Colle ge in s trncto r s and pr ofessor s ••.••••••. . • • • •• ••••• ;
Pr imary and s econdar y school, and teache r s ( n.e.c . )~ ••••
60
1
59
10
50
1
49
23
1
7
15
20
1
7
12
TOTAL. .......................
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
191 , 675
189
2
187
MALE
~3 9 ,871
FEMALE
51,804
51
1
50
138
1
137
TOTAL
152 , 829
129
1
128
MALE
41
1
40
FEMALE
FEMALE
9
69
139
3
10
2
88
88
10
21
Othe r profe ssiona l wo r ke rs ••••••••• • ••.. . .••••••••••••••••
85
56
29
76
52
24
22
23
24
25
Othe r semi pr o f essional worke r s • • •••••••••• • . . .. • •.. ••• • .• •
Abstr a c te r s , nota r ies , and justices of peace•••••.••• ,••
Techni e ians and l a boratory as sistants •••••••••..• •• •••• •
Semi pr of essional wor ke r s (n . e . c . ) •••••• • ••••• . • · ·· • · • · ·•
277
11
60
206
244
8
55
18 1
33
3
5
25
250
10
51
189
220
7
46
167
30
3
5
22
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
PROPRIETORS , MANAGERS, AND OFFI CIA LS (EXCEPT AGR I C. ) • .• 'l------'2"--'-"6"'8 -'7 - + -- "2-""5c,.
~"'-O-+_
Buildin g contractor s .... . .................. . .. .. ......... .
312
312
Forest e r s , forest r ange r s , and timbe r c r uise r s ...... .. ....
2
Huc ks t e r s , pedd l e r s , and junk and r ag de a le r s .. .. .........
629
625
Trucking , t r ansfe r and cab companies , and garages ..... . ...
83
83
Retail dealers and manage r s (n . e.c . ) ................... . . .
848
803
Othe r propr i e t o rs , manae;e r s , and of f'icials ................
81 3
765
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
11 216
6 908 -+-----"
OFFICE WORKERS •• • • • ••••.•• •. . . . •• •.••.•••••• •• . • .••••••• f---",
11~ 6-=33,'----1----'7 L:'l":80
; ::_l----"4 '-::45
~3-+--===-"--+----"--'-'~
4.,_,3::..,0ec
8-1-_ ___.:3s:,2'-"3'--+-----"'
21"-'2=~ - - - - = l l"-'l'-Bookkeepers , acc ountants , and audito r s ..... .. .......... . ..
1,031
768
263
1,006
755
251
18
9
9
Cashier s (except i n banks). ..... . .... . . . ......... . ........
241
52
189
234
49
185
5
3
2
7,104
Cl e r ks (n . e . c . ) ......... . ..... . .................. . ........
7 , 362
5 ,194
2 , 168
5 ,010
2 , 094
196
142
54
42 4
41 8
Messenge r s and office boys .. .. .. . ............. . ..... . .....
459
453
6
6
31
31
74
Off ice machine ope r a tor s , ....... . .... . .... .. . . .. .. . .. .....
74
30
44
30
44
132
127
Of f i ce manage r s and bank tellers ........... . . . ............
134
129
5
5
795
90
24
21
Stenographe r s , stenot ypis t s , and d icta phone opero.tor s. ....
830
97
733
705
82
73
Telegr aph and rad io ope r ato r s .. .... . . . .. . . . ............ . ..
83
74
9
9
408
19
Te l ephone operator s .......... .. . . ........ . ....... ... . . ....
422
23
399
389
12
3
9
707
100
Typi s ts ... . ........ . ..... . ......... . .. . ...................
7 25
102
623
607
17
2
15
250
237
Othe r clerical and allied worker s .............. .. .........
272
258
14
13
20
19
1
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
SALESMEN AND KINDRED WORKERS ••••••••• • • • •• • •• • •.•. •• ••.• f - -6"--'--c0"'-0"-3- + ---=4 .i..::2:..:e0.,__
7 -+Canvassers ( sol icito r s , any) ••. ··· · ·•···· • ••·• • · ••• •·••·..
126
89
Commercia l travele r s ..... . ........ . ...... .... ...... . .. ••..
69
68
Ne ws boys .................. . . .. ......... . ..... . ... . .... .. ..
47
47
Re al estate agents and insurance agents ..... . ..... . ..... . .
432
407
Salesmen and saleswomen ( r etail sto r es) • • • •• • ••• ··•••·••••
4 , 213
2 , 590
Othe r sales pe r sons and kindred worke r s ............. . .....
1 , 116
1, 006
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
21 989 + -- --=--+---"l.,_4"-'7-"-9---l------=l"-4-=-'7c.e9--f----=--21 989
SKI LLED WORKERS AND FOREMEH IN BLDG. AND CONS TRUCTION •• 'l----"'
23~ 6oc;
30::._l----""
23"-'-"6-"30"--l--- -- - + --"'=--'-"-"''"-+-----".=......,""-"-353
353
Bl acksmiths ............................ . ........... . ... ....
378
3 78
24
24
348
348
Boilermake r s • •• • •••••••••••• • ••••••••• , ................. . .
353
353
5
2 , 193
2 , 193
Bric k layers and stonema sons •. • , .......... .. . .. ......... . ..
2 , 388
2 , 388
170
170
5
,
262
5
,
26
2
Car pente r s •• ···•••••••··••··•····•······· · ·. . ... .. .... . ...
5 , 555
5 , 555
262
262
651
651
Cement fi n ishe r s .... . ...... . ...... . .......................
950
950
292
292
1 , 519
1, 519
Electric i ans .......................... . ..... . ....... . ... . .
1 , 551
1 , 55 1
23
23
357
357
Fo r emen: cons truct i on (except road ) . . ..... . ... . ..... . . . . . .
377
3 77
20
20
158
158
For emen : road and s t r e et construction . . .. . ...... . .. ... . . ..
169
169
10
10
802
802
Ope r ators or e ni.;inee r s : stat 'y and port . constr . equip ' t..
888
888
78
78
4,77 3
4,773
Pe.inte r s (not in facto ry ) ................... . ........ .. . ..
5 ,15 7
5 ,157
344
344
120
120
Pape r h ange r s ........... . ... . ........ .. . .. .. . ....... . ... . .
144
144
22
22
611
6 11
Pla stere r s .......... . ....... . ..... . ...................... .
720
720
103
103
2 , 546
2 , 5 46
Plumbe r s , gas and s team fitte r s . .. ... . .......... .. . .. ... . .
2 , 607
2 , 607
47
47
452
452
Roofe r s ............... . .. . . . .... . ......... . ...... .. .......
464
464
9
9
134
134
Sheet me t a l worke r s ...... . ....... . ..... . .. . ....... . .......
135
135
157
157
Stonecutte r s and car vers .......... .. ....... . . .. ... . .......
162
162
5
5
811
811
St ructu r al i r on a nd stee 1 wo r ke rs .... .. .......... . ...... . .
833
833
14
14
233
233
Sette r s : marble , s t one , and tile . .. .. . ....................
243
243
9
9
509
509
othe r ski lled wo r ke r s in bu ilding and con s t r uction . .. .. .. .
556
556
42
42
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
8 878
8 98 7 + ---"-c:..;.-"'-+
SKILLED WORKERS AND FOREMEN IN MFG . & OTHER INDUSTRIES .• 1--___:9::...i.;,7:,::
05,--if------'9"--'-"5-"'
8 1;..-1-------=l"'24
-=---+--"--'-"~- ---'l"'0"'9-+_ _....:6<.s5c:ec
5- + - - - '6"--'4':'
2- t - - ~l"-"3'-222
222
Cabinetmaker s ........................... . ............... . ..
229
229
5
5
410
408
Cobb l e r s and shoe r epai rme n .... . .... . • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •
438
436
25
25
77
77
Con duct o rs: steam a nd str eet rail r oads , and bu ses . .. ... . ..
77
77
543
24
604
Foreme n (in f a ctor i e s) •••••••• ••••••••·······.... .. .......
639
572
67
61
28
307
294
18
Foremen and inspector s ( e xcept i n facto r i es) ...... . . .. ....
334
314
20
13
25
261
261
18
279
279
18
Lo c omot i ve enginee r s and f i remen..........................
1 , 886
1,886
38
Mach inists , millwr ight s , and t oo lmake r s ....... . ...........
1,932
1 ,932
38
2 ,543
2 , 543
297
Mechanics (n. e . c . ) ................ . .. . .... .. ....... . ......
2 , 86 1
2 , 861
297
436
436
104
Molde r s , founde rs , and casters (metal) ..... . .. . ... . .......
544
544
104
72
72
Sawye r s ; •••.•••••••••••••••••.•••• , • • • . • • • • • • • • • . . • • • • • • • •
78
78
5
599
590
Skilled worke r s in printing and engr a v ing . . .... . .. . .......
612
603
9
9
7
7
394
408
Tailor s and f'u r rie r s . • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •
456
440
16
14
47
45
259
259
Ti nsmiths and coppe r s miths •• • •••••••••••••••••••••••••••• •
267
267
6
6
93
93
Metal wo r ke r s (e xce pt go l d and s ilve r ) ( n .e. c. ) ...........
105
105
11
11
810
800
Sk illed wor ke r s i n mfg . and othe r industr ies (n. e . c . ) . . . . .
854
844
10
10
39
39
88
B9
90
91
92
93
94
SEMISKILLED WORKERS IN BUILDING .A}ffi CONSTRUCT ION • • ••••• • 1---=
l l=---=0=
8 3"--ll---=ll= -=
0=8 3" ---l----Appre nt ices i n bu ild i n g and construction •••••••••• • ••• ,...
61
61
Aspha lt wo r kers........... . ............. . ........ .. .......
19
19
Blast e r s (e x cept i n mine s ) .......... . ...... . ..............
24
24
Caisson worke r s •••••••••• ••...............................
18
18
84
84
Calk:ers •••••••••••••••••••••••••••• • •••••• • •• • ••••• • ••••• J
964
964
Firemen ( e x ce pt locomotive and fire de partme nt) •••••••••••
_
2 5 17
2 440 + - - - - '7..!.7- + - - -1'°'5c:l'---1------='
-..:!C9.,__7- + ---"-~.!...._.j......._-"-'-'s=13~3~
290
290
21
21
2
573
570
4
50
50
78
78
4
4
77 3
8 12
45
39
33
28
764
729
48
35
41
28
_ _ _1~8<---
5
13
5 787
4 038---1------"l"-7
---"-1Lc7c.e9c,c6- + ----"---'-'-"'-'---+--2i:=
.!...:4~9--+------=:.!
18a.al'---1--~
14::,8c.......i1----'"-'
33a!..._
118
85
37
33
7
4
67
68
1
1
1
1
35
35
11
11
403
381
25
22
27
24
4 , 082
2 , 4 95
24
1, 623
1 , 587
108
84
1,081
975
110
106
27
25
2
9 056
9 056 + - - - - + - - - = -+---"-'-"-"-"--+--.=....,.,"'-"-l .r..:9,._,4"'9--+_
59
59
2
8
8
10
21
21
2
12
12
6
16
67
67
755
755
201
---"
l -'-'9"-'4=9- - + - - - - 2
10
2
6
lG
201
1Include s worker s 16 throuc;h G4 years of age .
"Data fo r t he Stnte have been adju sted f rom April 1935 to !1arch 1935 by app l yin:; the rat io of the !1 arch relief cc. se loe1d (including cases without workers) to that
of Ar.ri l.
~!~~l~f: : w;~;;e ~l ::! ~~ie~:he r, and unknown color or r a ce .
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
OCCUPATION
89
TABLE I-WORKERS ON RELIEF, BY USUAL OCCUPATION, COLOR, AND SEX, FOR THE STATE: MARCH 1935-Continued
w1·1TE
TOTAL
NEGRO
USUAL OCCUPATION
TOTAL
MALE
FEl'!A.LE
TOTAL
MALE
FEW.LE
95
96
97
98
99
100
SEMISKILLED WORIIBRS IN BLDG . AND CONSTRUC TIO N - Cont .
Opera.to r s of building e.nd construction equipment . .•..••••
Pipe le.yer s .............................................. .
Rod men and chainmen (surveying) ......................... .
Truck and trac1'o r d r iver s ....................... ... ..... .
Wel de rs , ..•••••.••.••• • ••.•..••..•• • •••.•.•. . .. . .•..• . •••
Other semiskilled wo r ke r s in building e.nd const r uction .••
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
29 386
18 843 4 --'l'-=0~ 5::.,:4~3--+_
SEMIS KI LLED WORKERS 1N l1FG . AN D OTiiER INDUSTRIES ... . ••• 1----=.
3.::.
3 ..:<c.::
0.::.
2 -+--"2"'1 ...,1'-=2-"-6-+---=l"'2'-'l'--'7"'6- + _....:::..:c-'-"""'--+---'=-"-'-'"-=Pe.lee r s ..................... ... ...... ....... ... ....... ....
599
567
32
531
13
544
Erakemen (railroad) ....................... . .. . . . .........
:522
3 14
322
314
Deliverymen ...................... . ... . . , ••.•• , . ....... ...
1 , 292
1 , 292
1 , 118
1 ,118
Dre ssY!laKe r s and mi lliners . ... ..... .................. .....
'714
700
13
52 3
14
536
Filers , g r inde r s , buffe rs, and polishe r s (me tal) .........
398
3'73
359
14
384
14
Fu r nacemen , heate r s , smeltermen, etc . (metal working) . .. .
58
37
37
58
Guards, wa1'chmen , and do orkeepers (except ra i lroad) ......
744
741
3
665
662
Handic raf t wor ke r s: textile , wood , lea1'her, metal, etc ...
17
10
14
7
Inside wo r kers: mines ........ . .... ..................... ..
269
247
2?7
269
111
112
113
114
Operatives (n . e . c . ) in mf'g. and allied industries ••••••••
Che mical and allied industries . ... .. ............... ... .
Ci gar , cigarette , and to ba cc o factories .... .... ... . ... .
Clay , glass , and s tone indu s t r ies ..................... .
22 , 795
796
'/45
853
11 , 58 4
513
106
743
11 , 211
283
639
110
20 ,32 9
726
652
747
10 ,5 36
450
90
644
9 , 79?,
115
116
117
118
Clothing industries ••••••••.. •••. ••••••...••••...••••••
Shirt, collar and cuff factorios ................. ... .
Suit, coat , and dress factories ............ .. ....... .
Clothing indu s tries ( n . e . c . ) ................ ........ ,
4 , 717
044
2 , 265
2 , 131.l
1,085
13
378
664
3 , 662
301
1 , 887
1 ,47 4
4 , 169
314
1 , 925
1 , 930
958
40
315
603
3 , 211
242
26
38
7 , 333
253
2,021
192
19
36
5 , 8 14
246
1 , 827
242
26
38
7 , 333
253
2 , 0 21
192
19
36
5 , 8 14
246
1 , 827
TOTAL
50
6
1
1,469
7
179
FEMALE
HALE
50
6
1 , 469
7
179
3 686
2 127
___..!:~~-+--..::...,,.=-"-.'.-4-__;
l:..i.. .,,_,
55e.,9:...._
51
33
18
5
5
161
161
170
1
169
20
20
21
21
72
72
2
1
18
18
2 , 323
66
89
106
968
60
15
99
1 , 355
6
74
121
274
1 , 610
1,327
563
28
337
198
442
27
274
141
276
562
103
63
57
7
119
2lectr ic lit;ht nnd power plants•.. ....... .........•..•.
24
19
21
16
1 20
121
122
123
r'oo d and be ve r age industries . .•..•........ .. ... .. . . .•••
558
79
73
406
533
62
28
443
928
136
76
716
442
75
49
318
486
61
27
398
160
5
24
131
114
Pnkc ries . .. .......... ... .............. . . .. .......... .
Sl aughte r and meat packing houses ••.••.. . .••...• • ••••
Food and beve rage industries (n . e . c . ) ............... .
1 , 09 1
141
101
8 49
124
125
126
127
128
129
I ron e.nd steel , machinery , and vehicle industr ies • . .•••
Automobile facto r ies •••. ••••••••••• .••• .• ••..••••• •••
Automobil e repair sho ps ••••••.••••• •• • ••• .•• . • ·••••• .•
Blast fume.c o s and steel r olling mills •. .•.. ..... • •••
Car and rail r oad shops , ........... .................. .
I r on and steel , mechinery , &: vehicle ind ' s (n . e . c . ) ••
1,793
335
33
275
71
1 , 079
1 , 627
32 1
166
14
1 , 651
129
7
126
250
71
952
23
127
1 ,491
:;12
28
206
59
tl86
160
13
28
229
59
1 , 0 10
124
44
10
63
130
131
132
133
134
Laund rie s and d ry c l e aning establishments ... ... ..... .. .
Lumbe r and f'ur ni.turo industries ••••••••••••••• • ••••••••
11etal imiustries {e x cept iron and steel') ••..•••...•••• ,
Pe.pe r, printing , and allied industries ••• ••• •• ••••• ••.•
Shoe facto r ies ••...•.••.•••• . •••••.•.••••.•••••••••••••
1 , 715
390
642
741
319
110
36 1
138
437
249
1 , 305
29
204
304
70
984
346
6 11
705
312
252
32 1
732
25
196
294
70
715
42
30
35
4
155
39
23
25
560
1 35
Texti l e industries ....••.•........... . ...... . .....•.•••
2 , s:1 2
97
192
4 ,463
193
352
3 , 918
51
183
2 , 258
1,926
97
169
1 , 660
59
l
2 , 343
2 , 001
102
175
1 , 724
110
Cotton mills •.••••••••••••....•••••••••••••••••••••••
Woole n and l'lo r sted mills ... ..... ........ ......... ... .
Te ;:til e indust ri e s (n . e . c . ) ..... ........ .... .... .... .
4, 633
199
367
4 , 06 7
2 , 537
136
1 37
138
98
53
45
325
33
25
415
411
242
96
23
87
46
1
l
44
43
10
61
3
7
10
2
139
Misc . and n ot sne cified manufactu r ing indust ries .. ....•
4, 306
2 , 406
1 , 900
4 , 014
2 , 267
1,747
271
125
146
140
141
14~
143
Pa inte r s , va rn ishe rs, en am,le r s , e tc . ( factory ) ......... .
Sv:itchmen , fla;,;men , a,-,d yardmen ( r ailro a d) ••••••••. ··••••
Ta.xi cab dri vers , hu:; driv0 rs, and chauffeurs ..........• • •
Other semiskill,,d workers in mfg . e.nd othe r industries • ••
506
169
2 , 440
2 , 970
472
169
2 , 403
2,844
34
461
147
1 , 903
2 , 698
432
29
147
1 , 857
2 , 584
46
114
41
22
532
248
36
22
532
237
11
144
145
146
147
14 8
149
lJ NSKT I.LED LABORERS (EXCErT TN AGRIC ULTURE) •.•..•.••••• •f---"'
3"-9 c::1:.:::.
66:c,_~
Laborers i n ma..'1ufactu r ing s.nd a llie d industries . . ........
11 ,180
Clay , gla ss , and s t one industries ....... . ..............
1,595
Iroll e.nd steel , machine ry , And vehicle indust ries ......
2 , 395
Lumber and f urn Pure indust ries ....... .. .......... .....
36:i
Othe r manufac tu r ing end all i ed i ndust r ies ..............
6 , 825
150
Laborers exce,ot i n mfg . and allie d ind ust ries ...•.. .•..• ,
1 51
Minos, quarri c~ , 0.11d oil and ge.s we lls . ........ . . .....•
H ,2
1 53
1 54
1 55
1 56
157
158
Odd jobs ( i".eneral ) . ............... .. .................. .
F,ai lr oads (stenn and street) ... ....................... .
Roe ds , streets , and s ewers .....•. .... •... . . .. ... ... ••••
Sto r es (incl,id•nr, porters in stores) ............ ... ... .
Lehorers and i,el;,ers (n . e . c . ) in bldg . and cor.st ..... ..
Longshoretlen r.nd ste·: e dc res . . . . . . . . . .. .. ..... .... . .•.. .
Lumberme n , r!l ptsmen, 11:od woo rl.chopp•1 r s •••• .• ••• •..•• , •• ,
1 59
St re et cleane r :; , carbage rnGn , u;1t: sca.v c re rs •• • •• . •••••
160
TeR.I!lsters ar.d d rayr:1en •••••• •••.•••• •••• ••••• •. • •..•••••
161
Othe r l aborer s , ex ce pt mf g . and allled ind ' ::; l n . e . c . ) ..
27 , 986
311
4 ,7 82
2 , 044
3 , 980
1,711
10, 329
749
43!)
15 8
187
2 , 996
4G
126
27 232
11 684
11 650
26 942
_::.
3,,_
8 ...,,8"'
3"'-4-+_ __,3"'3"'-2- + --"-'--'-"""'---+---""'--"=--+-- '2"-"9"'
0- 4 _....:!:..::.....::;,::2....-+--...:c.::..t.=--+--__:3
::,:4c..._
10 , 901
279
8 ,430
8 , 180
250
2 , 687
2 , 665
22
1 , 587
1 , 250
1 , 242
339
339
2 , 386
1 , 588
1 , 579
796
796
362
246
243
3
116
116
G, 566
259
5 , 116
230
5 , 346
1,436
22
1 , 411
27 , 933
311
4 , 757
2 , 044
3 , 980
1, 701
10 , 320
749
439
158
48'/
2 , 978
53
18 , 802
257
3 , 377
1 , 542
2 , 483
888
7 , 090
550
37 4
68
341
1 , 8 32
2fi
10
18
HJ , 762
257
3 , 355
1 , 542
2 , 483
881
7 , 090
550
374
68
341
1 , 82 1
40
22
8 , 997
52
1 , 3 72
478
1 , 463
815
3 ,180
11
196
62
90
144
1 , 115
8 , 985
52
1 , 369
478
1 ,463
812
3 , 180
196
62
90
144
1 , 139
12
16 2
163
164
165
166
167
168
169
170
171
172
173
174
175
3 727
12 820
13 004
3 121
DOMES:rl C AND PERSCNAL SE RV1 CE WORYERS ••..• .••••.••• •• • • t---=
25:'-'-',9-:::,
7 4: :_~ _6::...i.,::9..:::.
05= -+---=l ::...
9 ..:0""
6.::..
9 -+--=-""'-""'-+--"'--'-'..:::..:..-+--..:::.
9...:0e.:,9..:::.
3- + -....:,.,::-'-""'-'=--+---"...L=--+-___..!:
9~ 8~ 8:..!:3:,._
8 36
693
192
97
Barber and beauty shop worke r s ...........................
1 , 033
795
238
143
95
67
67
75
75
Boo tblacks •••• ••• ••••.• • ••.•••••..••••• • ••.••••••••..• ,.,
J.15
145
231
207
414
285
54
182
25
Clea.n e r s and che.rNom•Jn .... .. ........... ..... .............
493
79
288
673
569
104
677
495
182
Cooks and chef s (e xcept in pr ivate '.'e.mi l y) •.•. ..•. . • •••• ,
1 , 367
1 , 079
29
166
150
16
101
113
12
Eleva to r ope r ators ....••.• , ••. . ...•.•...••••......... , .. .
283
254
12 2
478
406
72
334
285
48
,Jo.nito,- s, ca r cta.ko r s , and sext ons .......... . .............
820
698
903
138
135
774
766
Le.und r esse s (not i n launc ry ) ... .. . • ... • .• .. • . •.. •• • .. ....
9 15
12
235
233
502
502
Porters (e,:cept i n stores ) ............... . .... ........ . . .
741
739
423
472
91
381
bG
15
41
Practical nurses , hos p i tal attendants , and or derlies .....
520
106
563
369
194
884
584
500
38 4
Servants (hote l s, boar ding houses , etc . ) (n . e . c . ) ........
1 , 456
8 72
5 ,747
109
13 , 296
5 , 856
7 , 672
187
7 , 485
Servant ~ (p ri vate f amily) ........... .. ...... . .. ......... ,
13 , 593
297
1 , 17 9
l , 36 7
449
918
434
688
254
Walters, wai t ress e s , ancl barte nde rs . .. ...................
2 , 074
895
1,6 8 4
53 4
1 , 150
830
396
1 , 591
434
Othe r dome s tic and person al se r vice worke rs... ...........
2 , 52 5
934
l 76
177
178
179
1 108
0 306
3 197
1 058
FARl1 0 PERA TORS A.ND LA BORERS .. ......................... • 1-----'4=----"'
45"-'l'--l--__:4~ 2'"'
85:c.._,1-_--=l::,;
66,,__,1-_:.:..i.::~-4--.....:::..~.,__+-_--'
l'-"0"'-9- + ---=-....::::~+--..!...L::'..::'..:'.-4--__::
5~0~
21
21
Farr.,. f oremen , me.nngo r s , e.nd ovo rseers.. ..................
24
24
15'1
2 ,497
100
1 , 014
2 , 597
964
50
Farm l e.bore rs.. . ...... ......................... ...... ....
:5 , 644
3 , 48 7
9
688
679
9
91
91
Farmers ............ .. . ............ .. .. ... ............... .
783
774
i:~
Pe~~~~~:~~E~e:;:s~~\~; . (
182
Persons 25 ye:irs of e.ge and ove r.. ..................... . .
6 , 349
149
6 ,200
183
UNKNOWN OCCUPATION••••••••••••.•••••..•••••••••••••••••
230
142
88
;_~~i~~ ;_ ~; i:::::::::::::::::::1---::..:1~:...i'..:::.:6=l:-=--1----=:"--',"'~"-'~~"---l--~l:"-,'-"~c:_::=---1----=-"-'-"""'--+--1:0 , 060
18 632
2
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
5 , 572
I
188
7_ 577
1 224
3 023
1
- - - ~=
~~•. ~~~~~--~~~--~~--+---=
~....., ~'"-'~~~,~
, 141
2 , 302
1 , 211
136
721
13
5 , 436
708
116
72
42
26
16
90
WORKERS ON RELIEF-NEW MEXICO
TABLE I-WORKERS' ON RELIEF, BY USUAL OCCUPATION, COLOR, AND SEX, FOR THE STATE: MARCH 193'.)
TOTAL'
NEGRO
WIIlTE
USUAL OOCUPATION
MALE
TOTAL
TOTAL .•••••••••••••••••••••••
33 , 708
TOTAL
FEl'!ALE
26 , 060
7, 648
MALE
28 , 023
TOTAL
FEMALE
21 , 678
6 # 345
164
MALE
101
FE!'1ALE
63
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
PROFESSIONAL AND TECHNICAL WORKERS •••••••••••••••••••••• t--_ _1_4_6-,..._ _ _R_0-,..._ _ _6_6-+_ _ _1_3_7-+_ _ _7_5-+_ _ _6_2- + - - - - - t - - - - - - t - - - Actors ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• • • • • • • • • • • • ••• • • • • • • • • •
Archite cts •••••••••••••••••. • ••••••••••••••.••••••••••••••
1
Artists , sculptors , and t eache r s of a rt ••••••.••••••••••••
2
Chemi sts , assayers ., and metallu r gists ....... . . ..... .... . . .
2
Cl e r r;ymen and religious worker s .......................... .
10
10
11
Designers ••• •••••• ••••••....••••••••••••••••••••••• • .•••.•
1
1
Draftsmen ••••••••••••••••••.•••••••••••••••••.••••••••••.•
1
l
Enginee r s (technical ) ••.•••••••• ·• •• •••••·•···••···•••·••·
13
13
13
Lawyers, judges, and justices ............................ .
Li brarians and librarians ' a s sista.nts •••••••••••••• , •.••••
Musician s and teachers of music., ..••••.•..•.••.........•..
15
14
13
14
Nu rses (trained or r egi ste r ed ) ....................... ... . .
7
8
Physicians , surgeons , and dentists ••••••••••••••••••••••••
Playground and r ec reati onal worke r s •••••••••••••••••••••.•
Reporters, ed itor s , and jou r nl\lists .. . ................... .
18
19
20
Teache r s ................................................. .
Co llege instructo r s and pr ofessors ••••.••••..••••••.•.••
Pr imar y and secondary schoo l, and teachers (n . e .c. )J.....
21
Othe r p, ofes sional workers •. . •.••.•.••.. , .• .• ,. , , •••• ,, •• ,
22
23
24
25
Other semi profussional work<·r s ••••••••••.••••..••••••• • , ••
Abstracters , notaries, ru\1 justices of peace ., .... ••,•••
Technic ians and laboratory ass istants •••••••••••••••••••
Semiprofe ssional workers (n . e . c . ) • • ••••••• , .,. , •• ,, •••••
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
PROPRIETORS , 11ANAGERS, AND OFFICIAI..S (EXCEPT AGRIC , ) •.•• r - - - - ~4=1 -,..._ _~
Bui lding contractors •• • ..••••• , • •••• .•• , •••••..•• , ••• ,.,..
10
Foreste r s , forest range r s , and timber cruisers ............
1
Huckste rs, peddlers , ,md junk and rag de alers.... .........
Trucking , transfe r and cab companies, and gRrnges ........ .
Retail dealers and manRge r s ( n . e . c . ) ..................... .
13
Othe r proprietor s , manage r s , and officials •.• ,.,. , •••...••
14
;~
Bo~:!~~~~~~~:~~~t~t~: ~~d ·
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
Cashie r s (except in banks) ............................... .
Clerks (n . e . c . ) ................. . ............... . ........ .
Messenge rs and office boys ............... . ............... .
Office machine ope r ators , ••••••••••••••••••••••• , ••••••.••
Office manager s and bank tellers ••••••••••••••••••••••••.•
Stenographers, stenotoypists , and d ictaphone oper11tor s •••.•
Tele g r aph and radio ope r !'ltors ..... , . .... .. ..... ........ . ..
Te lephone operator s ••••••••••• , •••••• , • ••••• , •••••••••••••
Typists ••••••••• , •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••
Othe r cle ric al and allie d wo r kers ••• ., ................... .
4
5
6
· ~;,dit~~~::::::::::::::::::::
73
25
18
73
25
48
70
24
46
24
46
4
3~9- + - - - ~ + - - -36
- - + - - -3_4- + - - - ~ + - - - - - + - - - - - + - - - - 10
1
3
12
14
13
12
1
2
r - - - --:-: - - - -
12
12
96
214
39
125
92
3
3
1
86
-!-~-+-----+-----+---!-~-+---- - - t - - - - - - t - - - - - - t - - - 28
142
103
5
5
43
4.0
1
6
40
6
33
37
1
3
3
5
!! ca!!;:!;:~! (s~i~!~~?r~. w
~~;j~:::: '.::: '. '.: '.: '.::::::: '. '. '.: '.::: ,____1_4_5_ _ _ _1_0_0- + - - - --45- + - - - ~117~ - - - - 7 ~ 8- - - ~3~9- - + - - - - - + - - - - - - + - - - - 47
48
49
50
51
Commercia l t r avelers ••••••••••.•••••••••••••.•••••••••••••
llewsboys ....... .. ......... .... . . ........... . ......... , ••••
Real estate agents and insu r o.nce agents ••.•. , •••••••••••••
SRlesmen o.nd saleswomen ( r etai l sto r es) •••• • ••.•••••••••• ,
Othe r sales persons and kind re d worke r s •••.•• , • ••••••••• • •
62
53
54
55
56
57
58
69
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
946
1 Cl.76
1 076
SKIL!ED WORIG!.t!S Jl.1'[]) FOREMEN IN BLDG . JI.Nil CONSTRUCTION ••• _ _.......,=-+----=-i=-"-+------+--~=-+-----'9
'--'4=6- t - - - - - + - - - - - = - + - - - ~ - + - - - - Bl acksmiths ............ . ............ . ..... .. ............. ,
72
68
68
72
Bai lermalcers •.••••••••••••••••••••••••.•••• •• •••••••••••.•
26
23
23
26
Bricklayers and stonemasons • . • , ••••••••••••• • .••••••••••••
118
132
118
132
Car pente rs •••••••••••••••••• ••••••••••• , ••• •. .••••••••••••
338
308
308
338
Cement finishers .. .... ..................... .. ......... ... .
57
15
45
57
El ectricians ..................................... ••••••••·
30
30
30
30
Foremen: construction (except road) • • •••••••••••••••••••••
11
11
11
11
For emen: r oad and str eet construction •• • •• ••. •••••••• •••••
23
26
26
23
Ope rato r s or enginee r s: stat•y and port . const r. equip 't • .
74
74
82
82
Painter s (not in facto r y) ................................ .
98
118
118
98
Pape r ha::igers ••••••••••••••.•••• , •••••••••.•••••••••.•••••
1
1
1
1
Plastere r s .................. , ............................ .
79
104
79
104
Plumbers, gas and steam fitters ......... ... .... , . ....... ..
54
54
62
62
Roofers ••••••••••••••••••.••.••••••••• ••••••••••• •••••••••
8
8
10
10
Sheet metal workers . ............ . ....................... ..
Stone c utte r s and c a r ve r s .........•.............•..........
Structu r al iron and stee 1 workers • •.••.. , ................ .
Setters: marble, s tone, and tile , •.• • .• , . .......... ... .. ..
Othe r skille d wo r ke r s in build ing and const r uctio n •....•.•
4
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
3 79- - , . . . -379
331
SKILLED WORKERS AND FOREMEN IN MFG . & OTHER INDUSTRIE S •• r - - - ~
-~~-----+--~
~ + - - -3'--'3- " l - + - - - - + - - - - - + - - - . . ; _ - + - - - - Cabinetmakers.............................................
3
3
3
3
Cobblers and shoe r epairmen •• • •••••• , • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •
14
11
20
20
Conductors: steam and st r eet re.i lroads , s.nd buses • • •••••••
Foremen ( in factories ) ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••
Foremen and inspector s ( e xce pt in factories) ............ ..
25
25
32
32
Locomotive engineers and firemen .. . ...................... .
24
24
24
24
11achinists, millwrights , and toolmakers ••••• ••• ••• ••• •••• •
?.3
23
25
25
Mechanic s (n.e.c.) ....................................... .
221
221
251
251
Mo lders, founders , and cast e r s (me tal ) •• • •••••••••••••••••
2
2
2
2
Sawye rs ••••.••••• ••• ••• ••••••••• •• • •••. , ................. .
7
7
Skilled worker s in pr inting and e ngraving •••••••••••••••••
10
10
Tailors and fu rrie rs •••••••••••••••••••• •• .••••• •• ••••••••
Tinsmiths and coppersmiths ••••••••• • ••••••••••••••••••••••
Metal worke r s (exce pt go l d and s ilve r ) (n .e, c.) .......... .
Skilled worke rs in mfg . and othe r industrie s (n . e .c. ) .... .
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
1 100
1 1 00
SEMISKILIBD WORKERS IN BUI WING AND CONSTRUCTION •••••••• f---.=.L:==--+---=-'-='-=-t------+---'9
:..:1:=
2- + - - - '9:..:4:=2- + - - - - + - - - _ _ _ : : : - + - - - - " - + - - - - Apprentice s in building and construction •••••••••••••• ,...
1
1
As phalt workers ........................................ •••
Blasters (except in mines) ... . .......... . ... ... .......... .
21
21
22
22
Caisson workers •.•...• , •• •• ••••.• • .••..•..••..•.
Calkers ••••••••••••••••••••••••••• • ••••••••••••• ••••• •••••
1
1
1
1
Firemen (except locomotive and fi re de partme nt ) ••• •••••• ••
?,7
19
27
19
'Include s wor ke rs 1 6 through 64 years of a ge .
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
2
4
99
35
2
63
31
36
4
4
76
32
Includes white , Negro,, other,, and unlm.own color or race.
2
45
28
31
,1
3No t elsewhere classified .
91
OCCUPATION
TABLE I-WORKERS ON RELIEF, BY USUAL OCCUPATION, COLOR, AND SEX, FOR THE STATE: MARCH 1935-Continued
TOTAL
WHITE
NEGRO
USUAL OCCUPATION
TOTAL
95
96
97
98
99
100
SEMISKILLED WORKERS IN BLDG. AND CONSTRUCTION - Cont .
Operato rs of building a.nd construction equip:nent .• •.•••••
Pi pe layers •••••• .•• ••••••••••••••••••• • ••••••• ••• ••. ••• • •
Rodman and chairurum (surveying) ... ... .. ................. .
Truck a.nd t racto r d rive r s ••••• • .•.• ••• ••• •••••••..• •.••••
Welde rs ••••••••••••••••••••••••.•••••••• •• • ••.•••••• • • •••
Other semi skille d wor ke r s in building and construction •••
FEMALE
MALE
1 22
5
9
748
3
161
1 22
5
TOTAL
MALE
107
3
8
6 71
3
108
9
748
3
1 61
F™ALE
TOTAL
MALE
FEID.LE
107
8
671
3
108
110
4
645
268
1 221
870
351
913
SE!11SKILLED WORKERS IN MFG. AND OTHER INDUSTRIES . •.•• ••f---....:..L='-+----=-'-"--+---=--+-----"-''-"---+---=-=--+---=-;..:;._+--_
____:----1------=--+-----''-Bake r s ••••••••••••••••••••• •• • ••••• • •••••••••••••••••••••
20
19
16
15
Br akemen (railroad) •••••••••••••• •• ••••••••••••••••.•••••
7
7
7
Deliverymen • •• ••• •• •••••••••••••••••••••••.•.••••••.•••••
24
24
30
30
Dr essmakers and milli ners •••••••••••• ••••••• •• •••• .••••••
230
234
4
305
301
Filers, gr inders , buffe r s, and po l ishe rs (metal) •••••• , • •
Fu r nacemen , heate r s , smeltermen, etc. (me tal worktng) , •••
4
4
6
6
Guards , watchmen , a.nd doo r keepers ( except ra il road) •.••• ,
12
12
11
11
Handic raft worke r s : textile , wood , leather, metal, e tc •••
25
15
10
26
16
10
Inside workers : mines ••...•.• ...• .......•.•. ...... .. • ••••
413
583
413
583
111
112
113
114
Operatives (n . e . c . ) in mfg. and allied industries ••••••••
Chemical and allied indust ries ••••• •••••• ••••••••••••••
Cigar , cigarette , and tob acco factories ... . .. ......... .
Clay , glass, and stone indu stries ..................... .
11 5
116
117
118
Clothing industries ••• • •• ••• • ••• •••••• •• •. •. ••... ••••••
Shirt, collar and cuff factories ••••• ••••••••••••• •••
Suit , coat , and d r ess factories .. ........... .... .... .
Clothing industries ( n . e . c . ) •••••••••• • •••.• ••• ••••••
101
l02
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
'.)5
1
69
1
17
1
20
1
16
1
6
6
6
14
10
13
13
13
24
13
1
2
10
13
1
1
120
1
84
1
21
1
6
119
Electri c light and power plants . . .....•.. . . ...•... . •• .
1 20
121
122
123
Food and beve r age industrie s ......................... ..
Bake r ies •.••••••••••••.•••••••••••••••.••.•••••••• , ••
Sl aughte r and meat packing houses • • ••• ,. , ••• •. •••••••
Food and beve rage industries (n. e . c . ) ............... .
124
125
126
127
128
129
Iron and s teel , machinery, and vehicle industries • . ••••
Automobile facto r ies ................................ .
Automobile repair shops .. ... .. . .... . .. . . .... . ... ... . .
Bla st furnaces and stee l r olling mi ll s ...... ....... . .
Car and rail ro ad shops ••••••••••••••• ••• ••• ••••• •••••
Iron and steel , machinery , & vehic le ind's (n . e . c .).,
14
14
130
131
132
133
134
Laundries and dry cleaning establi shments .. ........... .
Metal industries (except ir on a.nd steel) •••• ••• .•••••••
Pape r, printing, and allied industries ••.••••••••••••••
Shoe factories ••••••••••••••••••••••••••• .•••• •• • .• ••••
39
14
15
14
1
1
Lumbe r and furniture industries .....•. •.. ..... . ....••••
36
24
135
136
137
138
1
l'extile indust r ies .... .. .... .............. . .... . . •.. • ,..
Cotton mills ••••• • •• • • •• • • •••• • • • •• •••••• •• ••••.• ••••
Woole n and wor sted mills ........ . ..... .. ..... .. ..... .
Textile i ndustries (n.e . c . ) ••••• • •••.• • •• • ••••••••• ••
4
4
4
139
Misc . and not specified manufactur ing industries .... . .•
18
14
12
140
141
Painte r s , varn ishe rs, ename l e r s, etc . (fa ctory) •• ••. ·••••
Swit chmen , flagmen, and yardmen ( railroad ) ...... ..... ... .
12
90
1
9
12
87
9
12
63
26
14
9
12
62
142
Taxicab dri ve r s , bus driv0rs , and chau ffeu r s •. ...••... •••
143
Other semiskilled v,o r kers in mfg. and other industries • • •
144
145
146
147
148
149
9 71 ~
7 24 7- + -- -3::..:0:....+_ _ _4.:..:8: ....+---'.:..:·8: . . . . + - - - 7 277
9 6 75
UN SKI lLED LABORERS (EXCEPT IN AGRICULTURE) ••••• • . • • • •• •t----"-'---'='-t------''-'-"-'--"--+-----'3"-'7-+----'....,,_'--'-+--....:.i~
Labore r s in manufacturing and allied industries ...... . ...
2
91
91
1 05
1 05
Clay , glass , and stone industr ies ..• • •••.•. ••• •. •• • • •••
7
7
7
7
I r on and steel , machine ry , and vehicle industries ••• • ••
10
10
13
13
Lumber and f urni tu re industries ............ .. .... . .... .
50
50
55
55
Other manufactu ring and allied industries •.••• , ••••••••
24
24
30
30
150
151
1 52
153
1 54
155
156
157
1 58
Labo r ers except in mfg . and allied industries .•••••• • • •• ,
Minos, quar r ies, and oil and gas wel ls •• •• • • ••••..•••.•
Odd jobs (gene r al) ... . . . ............................. ..
Rail roads (steam and street ) ........... . ... . ....... .. . .
Roads , streets , and sewer s ........................... ..
St or es (i ncluding po rters in stores) ....... ........... .
Laborers and helpers (n . e . c . ) in bl d g . and const .• •••••
Longshoremen and ste vedores ••• • ••••••••••••••••••••• ,.,
Lumbermen , raftamen, a......-1d woorichoppers •.....•.... . . .•• ••
159
Street cleane r s , garbage men , uncl s cnveng:e r s ........•.•
160
161
Terunsters and d raymen •. ••• •• • • ••••• .••••••• ••••••••• •••
Other laborers , except mfg . and all i ed ind ' s (n .e . c . ) ..
9,607
274
3, 51 5
339
85 7
22
1 , 161
9, 570
274
3 , 509
339
S5 7
22
1 , 161
94
1
398
2 , 946
94
1
398
2, 915
37
31
7, 186
79
2, 731
267
663
16
885
7, 156
79
2, 7?.5
267
663
16
885
86
86
348
2, lll
348
2 , 08 7
30
46
1
10
24
27
46
1
10
162
163
164
165
166
167
168
169
1 70
171
172
1 73
174
175
1 269+ - - - - - - '53
170
1 , 954
1 439
244
DOMESTIC AND PERSONAL SERVICE WORKERS , ••••...•• • • • •• , • •1----=-'-~c..+----=-c.-=-+----'
l""-'-'
71::..;0'-+--"..-..c.'-'--+----"----'-+---.,__- ' - - + - - -l"-'9;...
_+ - - - -3::..;4:_.
Barber and beauty shop worke r s ..................... . .....
5
1
5
20
15
23
28
Bootblacks ........ . ............. . ...... . ........ ..... . ,..
1
1
4
Cleaners and char'1ome n •• •• ••••. • •• ••• • ••••• • •••• •••.•• • ••
66
76
76
66
Cooks and chefs (except in pr i vate fami ly) ••• ••.••.• •••• ,
4
59
20
79
76
97
21
Eievator operators . ..... ..... .. .. . ..... ...... .. ...... , •••
1
1
1
1
Jani to rs , care take rs, and sextons • •• • ••• •• ••.•• • •••• • ••••
4
31
2
2
33
53
51
La und re sses (not in laundry ) .................. . . . ....... .
2
1 37
222
1 37
222
Porte rs (except in stor es) •••• • ••••• • ••••.••••. • •••••••••
5
2
2
8
8
Pra ctical nurses , hosp i t a l a ttendants , and orde rlies .... .
28
3
4
31
31
35
Se r vants (hote l s, boarding house s , etc . ) (n.e . c . ) . ... . .. .
1
2
17
17
34
26
47
21
Servant s (private fami ly) ........... . ...... ... .......... .
25
699
26
4
942
703
949
7
Waiters , waitresses , and bartenders •.••• • • • •. • ••• ··••••••
37
46
9
45
55
10
Other dmrestic and personal se rvice workers .... .. . . ..... .
258
28
345
286
379
34
1 76
177
178
179
15
1 30
1 0 , 842
10 712
12 059
11 914
FAR11 OPERATORS AND LABORERS ..... . .............. .. ..... •f---"'-"-'-"-"''-+--"':....;.=:....+----=l.:..:45::.....i-_-=-c;i.;;.-=--+--=-"-'-=:-.+--____;:;_;;_,;;_+----'-----1-- - - 1 5----1----Farm foremen , manage r s , and overseers . ..... ............. .
2
4
4
Fann labore rs ••••••••••••• , •••••••••••••••••••••••••••• ,.
BG
4 , 131
97
4 , 219
4 , 358
4 , 761
Farmers ..................................... . ... ... . .. .. .
42
6 , 579
48
7,197
6 , 621
7, 149
~
183
UNKNOWN OCCUPATION••••••••••••• • •••• .• •.• , ••••••••••••
12801 8 0-37-
7
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
522
2 , 404
3 , 118
337
305
32
114
1 03
11
4 . 739
2 , 0 57
2, 682
286
256
90
84
30
4 453
1 , 801
2 , 652
21
4
20
20
92
WORKERS ON RELIEF-NEW YORK
TABLE I-WORKERS' ON RELIEF, BY USUAL OCCUPATION, COLOR, AND SEX, FOR THE STATE:MARCH2 1935
TOTH 3
Wl-'ITE
NEGRO
USUPL OCCUPATION
TOTAL........................
TOTAL
MALE
FEMALE
TOTAL
653,60:l
496 , 767
156 , 836
579 , 505
MALE
45 1, 059
FEM.ALE
TOTAL
MALE
128,446
67,614
40 , 729
FEMALE
26 , 885
2
PROFESS IONAL AND TECHNICAL WORKERS ••••••••••••••••••••• •·1-----=.l.c.
3 ..clcc
9.c.
6 -+-----'9 '-'46=2-+----"3_,_7..:3--=4--1-_..:lc:::l_,_9..:5c.:.7--1----=
8_,_5:.:8:.::8--1-_--=3.L3
::.:6:.::9--1-_--.:l:.z=
l0:.:6'--+_ __;_
7 48=------l----.::.
35::.:8~
3
Actors....................................................
1,416
820
596
1 ,1 99
695
504
207
115
92
4
Architects................................................
114
11 2
2
111
109
2
5
Arti sts , sculptor s , and t eache r s of a rt...................
956
762
194
923
739
184
21
31
10
6
Chemi sts , assayers , and metallurgists........ .............
117
112
5
95
91
4
11
11
7
Cle r gymen and r e ligi ous worker s .... . ......................
184
174
10
100
100
83
73
10
Designers. ........ .. ......................................
322
189
133
31 2
179
8
133
10
10
9
Draftsmen •••••••••••••• ,..................................
8 17
816
1
790
789
11
1
11
10
Enginee r s (technical ) •• ; •••••••••••• ~.....................
853
853
839
839
10
10
11
Lawye r s , j udges, and justices.. ...........................
132
131
1
131
130
1
1
1
12
Librarians and librarians ' as sistants.....................
·88
32
56
78
32
10
46
10
13
Musi c i ans and t eache rs of mus ic...........................
3 ,167
2 , 595
572
2 , 709
2 , 214
495
408
332
76
824
14 ·. Nu r s es (trained or r e gistered)............................
914
26
888
850
26
64
64
20
16
Physicians, surgeons , and denti s ts........................
118
98
20
94
74
23
23
138
15
16
Playground and r ec reational worke r s. ......................
379
231
148
363
225
10
59
2
17
Repo rters, ed itors, and journa li s t s .......................
295
236
59
29 1
232
1 , 133
49
1 , 08 4
446
38
408
687
11
676
1, 059
49
1, 010
432
38
394
62 7
11
616
67
12
55
18
19
20
Teache rs ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••.••••••••••• • •••
College instr ucto r s and professors •••••••••. . •••••• ••. ••
Primary and secondary s chool, and teachers (n. e .c. )~ ••••
21
Other profe ssional workers ••••• • ••••••••••••••••••.•••••••
608
366
242
562
351
211
45
14
22
23
24
25
Othe r semiprofes s iona l workers ••••••••••.•••••••••••••••••
Abstrac ter s , notar ies , and justi ces of peace•• .••...••••
Technicians and laborato ry as s istants ••••••••••.••••••••
Semiprofessional wor ke r s (n . e .c. ) ••·•••••••••••·••··••••
1, 583
51
294
1,238
1 , 463
47
247
1, 169
120
4
47
69
1,45 1
51
253
1,147
1 , 331
47
206
1 , 078
120
4
47
69
108
108
31
77
31
77
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
PROPRIETORS , MANAGERS, Alffi OFFIC I ALS (EXCEPT AGRI C. ) •.• , i---18-'-c4-,-27_i--_1-=-'7~8-=
4-=-5 _ _ _ _5_8.,..2-+--=l.,..7'-'8..:8.cc.1--1-_ _1_7'-'
. 3..:3..c.
0--1-_ _ _5..:5....cl--1----4=2=6-+--~40=0-+---2=6~
Bui ld ing contractor s ••••• ••••• •••••••••••••••..••• ••• •• •••
2,109
2 ,108
1
2,018
2 , 017
1
74
74
Foreste r s, forest range rs, and timbe r crui se rs............
21
21
21
21
Hucksters, pedd l e r s , and junk and r ag dealers.... .........
2 , 666
2 , 666
2 , 582
2 ,5 82
67
67
Trucking , trans f er and cab companies , and garages .........
5 11
509
2
452
450
2
57
57
Retail deale rs and manage r s (n.e.c.)......................
6,201
5 , 987
214
6 , 081
5,871
210
72
70
2
Othe r proprie tors , manage rs, and officials ................
6,919
6 , 554
365
6 , 727
6 , 389
338
156
132
24
33
34
35
36
OFFICE WORKERS •••••••••••••.•••••••••••••••••••••••••••• t-----=4cc.4'-'46"':--:"4--+----=2-"-8.._,8:.:1-"3-t----=l-"-5-'--'6""5"'1-+--'4""2-'--'5'-"5'=1-+_..:2:.;.7_,__4;:::5:.:::8-+_-'1"'5_._0::.:9'-"3-+_---=lc.t.6
:::.,7:..::9'--+----"1:..i.:::.
20,:,:2'-4------"4"-'
77'-Bookkeepers , ac countants , and auditors ............ . .......
4,2 91
2 , 945
1 , 346
4, 227
2 , 893
1, 334
19
16
3
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
Messenge rs and office boys ................................
Office machine ope r ator s ..................................
Offi ce managers and bank tellers ..........................
Stenographe r s , stenotypist s , and d i cta phone operato r s .....
Telegraph and rad io operator s .............................
Te l ephone operators .......................................
Typists ••••••••• , •• •••·.••••• •••••••••••••••••• •••••••••••
Other cle rical and allied worker s .........................
46
46
47
48
49
50
51
SALESMEN AND KINDJ{ED WORKERS ••••.•••••••••••••••••••••••.1--~
2~9~7-'-0_7-+-_..:2~2~1=2.c.9- + - ~
7'-'5..:7..c.
8--1---=2=8~8=0"-7-+--=2--=1~4=2=6-+--7~3~8--=l-+---6~ 7..:4'--+_ _---'54=7----t_ _~l~27~
Canvasser s ( s olicitors, any) .................... ··••••••·•
1, 026
889
137
1, 022
88 7
135
1
1
Commercia l travele r s ......................................
2,039
2 , 018
21
2,014
1,993
21
10
10
llewsboys............ •• • • • • • • • • • •• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •
444
443
1
426
425
1
15
15
2 , 571
2 , 437
134
2 , 434
2 ,311
1 23
126
116
Re al estate agent s and insurance agents ...................
10
Salesmen and saleswomen (re tail sto r es) ...................
18,112
11,421
6 , 691
17, 585
11,043
6 , 542
365
282
83
33
Othe r sales pe r sons and k indred worke r s ........ .. .........
5,515
4,921
594
5 , 326
4, 767
559
157
1 24
62
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
SKI LLED WORKERS Afffi FOREMEN IN BLDG . AND CONSTRUCTION ••• 1----"'
6"8 ,.,3:.:,:6.::..
9 -+---"
6"8 .,_,3""6"9 --1-----+-----"6"'5.,_,2'-"l"'2-+--"6""
5.,_,2"-'1"'
2-+-----1-----=2c..6::..46=----l----=2:.=.
646
=----l-----Blacksmiths ................ •• ••• ••........................
1 , 293
1,293
1,239
1, 239
39
39
Boilermakers..............................................
574
574
564
564
5
5
Dr ick l aye r s and stonemasons ................................
5 ,765
5 ,765
5 , 555
5 , 555
171
171
Ca r pente rs................................................
13 , 301
13·, 301
12,736
12 , 736
441
441
Ce ment finishers •••• •••••••••· .............. •••••••••••.••
2 ,7 75
2,775
2 , 558
2 , 558
210
210
Ele ctricians ..............................................
3 ,7 48
3 ,748
3 , 707
3 ,707
23
23
Foreme n: construction (except ro ad ) •• •·•••................
2 ,452
2 ,452
2 , 394
2 , 394
46
46
For emen: road and s tre et construction.....................
71 9
719
713
71 3
1
1
Operators or enginee r s: stat'y and port. constr. equip 't..
2 , 676
2,676
·2 ,488
2,488
165
165
Painte rs (not in f actory).................................
17,597
17,597
16, 392
16 , 392
1, 080
1,080
Pape r hangers.............................................
115
115
111
111
1
1
Plaste r e r s .................. ,.............................
t, , 034
4, 03 4
3 , 852
3 , 852
158
158
Plumbe r s , ga s and s team fitte rs •••• ,......................
6,08 1
6 , 08 1
5 , 936
5 , 936
82
82
Roofers ...................................................
1,194
1,194
1,140
1,140
51
51
Sheet meta l worke r s .......................................
46 8
468
466
466
St onecutte rs and ca r ve r s ..................................
431
431
430
430
1
Structu r al i r on and steel worke rs.........................
1,951
1, 951
1, 882
1 , 882
35
35
Sette rs: marble, s tone , and tile.. ........................
1, 074
1, 074
1 , 047
1, 047
27
27
othe r skilled worke r s in bu ildin g and c on struction........
? , 121
2 ,1 21
2 , 002
2 , 002
110
110
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
SKILLED WORKERS AND FOREMEN IN MFG , &: OTHER -IlffiUSTRIES. • 1-----=3=l 1.::9-=.
3=-l-+---=3=-1...:4:.:c
0=..
5 -+-------'5=2=6 --1----=3=0.,_,3=9-=-9-+---=2=>'.ic8c.=9-=.6--1----'5"-'0=3- + ---=l.,_3=2=3-+----=1CLC,.30=3'--t_ _ _2=0~
Cab inetmakers.............................................
1,105
1 ,105
1, 071
1,071
33
33
Cobblers and shoe r e pairme n...............................
1, 622
1, 610
12
1, 559
1, 548
11
53
53
Conductors: s t e am and s treet railroads, and buses .........
456
456
452
452
215
10
43
33
Foremen (in facto ries ) ................................... ;
2 , 509
2 , 283
226
2 , 452
2,237
68
136
68
Foremen and i nspector s ( e xcept in factori es )..............
1,937
1, 801
1 36
1, 855
1,719
21
21
Locomotive enginee r s and fire men..........................
845
845
818
818
62
62
Machini s ts, millwri ght s , and toolmake rs...................
4,1 41
4',141
4,042
4,042
635
635
Mechanics (n.e.c.)........................................
7,746
7,746
7, 071
7,071
105
105
Molde r s , founde rs, and caster s (metal)........ ...... ......
2 , 050
2 ,05 0
1, 910
1,910
15
15
Sawye r s .................................................. ~
395
395
376
376
23
48
48
Sk ille d workers in print ing and engrav ing ........... . .... ;
2,302
2,278
24
2 , 2'\l
2 , 218
10
87
Tailors and furri e r s ......................................
2 , 22 1
2 ,124
97
2 , 089
2 ,002
129
119
Tinsmiths and coppersmiths ............................... ,'
994
994
987
987
Metal worke rs ( exce pt gold and silver) (n . e. c.)...........
546
546
505
505
34
34
Sk illed workers in mfg. and othe r industries (n. e .c. ) •••• ,
3 ,062
3 , 031
31
2,971
2 , 940
31
77
77
::
Ap!!~!~!;~~nW~~~:~n~N,.!~I~!!~ru~i~~~~~~:::~~::: : : : : : t-----'4~
2 ~~~~.c.:-+---=4=2~~=~=: --1-----+-----'3=8~ ~b-=~-+--'3=8.,_~
'-'b-=~- + - - - - - + - - - '3'-'--"95=:--+-----'3'-'-'95'-':' - - l - - - - -
90
91
92
93
94
As phalt worke rs , ..........................................
Blast e r s (except in mines)................................
Caisson workers ....•••••• ••...............................
Calkers...................................................
Firemen ( except locomotive and fire de partment)...........
~~=~t:r(n::~~:t:~.~~~'.::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::
1
2!'. ~i~
3 , 335
496
861
3 , 446
423
1, 977
2 , 237
1, 396
140
204
41
184
2 , 919
18 , ~:~
3,229
241
764
354
375
142
322
1, 295
140
204
41
184
2 ,91 9
5,::;
106
255
97
3 , 092
48
1,835
1 , 915
101
2;:;!:
3 , 141
495
856
3 , 330
422
1, 938
2 ,126
1, 344
123
188
41
178
2 ,476
17,~~~
3 , 055
241
759
350
374
122
310
1,253
123
188
41
178
2 , 476
5,:i!
86
254
97
2 , 980
48
1, 816
1, 816
91
67
1, 1;;
186
55
9~~
166
95
33
106
36
16
14
31
24~
20
94
20
12
26
13
94
10
16
14
5
5
419
419
Includes workers 16 through 64 years of age, based on a comp l ete census of the State except that data for New York City are based on a 10 per cent random sample
of r el ief households with worke rs .
2
Datu for the State (excluding New York City) have been adjusted f r om May 1935 to !1arch 1935 by app l ying the r atio of the March r e lief case load (including c ases
without workers) to that of May . The data for New York City have not been adjusted because the difference between the r e l ief case loads for the two periods was l es s
than one per cent .
3I ncludes white , Neg ro , other , and unkno\'m colo r or r ace .
"Not elsewhere classified.
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
93
OCCUPATION
TABLE I-WORKERS ON RELIEF, BY USUAL OCCUPATION, COLOR, AND SEX, FOR THE STATE: MARCH 1935-Continued
NEGRO
HHITE
TOTAL
USUAL OCCUPATION
TOTAL
MALE
Fll!ALE
TOTAL
MALE
FmALE
FE21ALE
MALE
TOTAL
95
96
97
98
99
100
SEMISKILLED WORKERS IN BLDG. AND CONSTRUCTION - Cont.
Operator s of building and cons t ru ct ion equip,nent •• •••• •• •
Pipele.yers •••• • •••••••• • ••••• • ••••••••••• • •••••••••• • •• • •
Rodmen e.nd che.inme n (sur veying) ••••••••••••• • ••••••• • • • ••
Truck and tractor d rive r s • • ••••••••••••••••••••••••• • •• • •
Welde rs ••••••••••••• • •••••• •• •• • •••• • ••••.•••••••• , •• , •••
Other semiskilled wo r ke r s in building and const r uction.,,
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
SEMI SKI LI.ED WORKERS IN !1FG. AND OTIJER INDUSTRIES . , . , ••• f----'l'-=2-:,0 -'-7:'c:-7-:,3 - + --"8-:,9 -'-:'0:--::6-:,3- t - '-...:a:3c:,_
l .,_;7ccl""O-t----'l:..::0~9-'-:
-3;:.-::7~9-t----=8~2-'-:8~1~9- + --=2:.::c
6.a.:5::..;6~
0- + --=l:..::
O.a.;5~1:;l- + -__;;:5_.._6,:_.:l:;l-+---=4c.a.-.::.;
90:c.::O:,_
Be.kers •• ,. . ........... . .... . ............. . ............. . .
2 , 318
2 , 206
112
2 , 180
2 , 098
82
110
80
30
Brakemen (railroad) • • •••••• , ••••• ,., ••• ,., •• , ........ . .. ,
821
821
804
804
6
6
Delive rymen..................... . .. . .....................
8 , 837
8 , 837
8 , 356
8 , 356
441
441
Dr essma kers and milline r s ... . ..... . ......................
1 , 715
370
31
1 , 68 4
1 , 330
29
1,301
371
l
Filer3 , gr inde r s , buffe r s, and po l i she rs ( metal ) •••••• ,..
1 , 667
1, 630
37
1 , 601
1 , 564
37
48
48
Furnacemen, heaters , smelte rmen, etc. (metal working) ....
38 1
381
322
322
53
53
Guards , watchmen, and doo r keepers (except r ail r oad) ... ...
2 , 336
2 , 335
1
2 ,212
2 , 211
1
108
108
He.ndicre.f t worke r s : t e xtile, wood , le athe r , metal, etc ...
65
30
35
65
30
35
I nsi de wo r ke r s: mines •• , ••••••••• , ......... . .... . . , • •••• ,
25
25
524
524
496
496
111
11 2
113
114
Operatives (n , e , o . ) in mfg . e.nd all ied i ndu s t r ies ....... .
Chemical and al lie d i n dustri e s ............... , •••••••••
Cigar , cigarette , and t oba oc o fac t orie s, .............. .
Clay , g lass , and s tone industr ies ••• ,,,, ••• , •••• , ••• • ••
78,790
1,508
1,194
1, 032
50,028
954
837
925
28 , 76 2
554
357
107
70 , 934
1 , 375
1 , 0 23
943
46 , 747
865
694
838
24 ,187
510
329
106
7 , 272
102
159
80
2,924
71
132
79
4,348
31
27
1
115
116
117
118
Clothing industries ••••••• • ,., •• , •••••••• , .,,,., ••••• ,,
Shi rt , collar and cuff facto r i e s , ••• ,,, •••• , •• , •••• ,,
Suit , coa t , and d re ss f a cto r ies ..................... .
Cloth ing indu s t r ies ( n. e . c , ) ............. . .......... .
21, 856
1,306
11 , 900
8 , 65 0
10 , 116
468
5 , 500
4 ,148
11 , 740
838
6 , 400
4 , 502
19 , 112
1 , 278
9 , 955
7,8 79
9 , 484
468
5 , 141
3 , 876
9 , 628
810
4 , 8 14
4 , 004
2,5 86
12
1, 861
713
574
337
237
2 , 0 12
12
1 , 524
476
l , 790
149
254
27,549
995
8 ,1 25
1, 378
140
253
24 , 746
953
7,689
1 , 790
149
254
27 , 549
995
8 , 125
403
1 , 378
140
253
24 , 746
953
7 , 689
403
9
9
2 , 666
38
384
2 , 666
38
384
119
Electric light and powe r plants , •• ,., ... . ,., ••••••• ••••
130
128
129
127
120
121
1 22
123
Food and beverage i ndustries ..................... , •••••
Ba ke ries •••• , •••••••• , •••• , ••••••• ,,., ••••••• • •••• , ••
Slaughte r and meat packing houses , ••••••••••••• , •••• ,
Food and beve rage indu st r ie s ( n .e.o, ) ,, ,, , •••••• , • •••
4, 563
783
348
3 ,43 2
2 , 414
389
272
1 , 753
2 , 149
394
76
1, 6 79
4 , 365
748
315
3 , 302
2 , 27 8
366
244
1 , 668
2,087
382
71
1 , 634
174
32
31
111
129
21
28
80
124
125
126
127
128
129
I ron and s t e el , machinery, and vehi c le i ndust r ies , .••••
Automobi l e fact or ies •••••••••••••• • • ,, •• ,,, ••••••••• ,
Automobile repair shops ............................. ,
Bl a st fu rnaces and steel r ol l ing mi ll s ........... . . ..
Ce.r and rai lroad s ho ps., ... ,., ..................... ..
I ron and steel , machine ry, &: ve hic le ind ' s ( n . e ,c.).,
8 , 8 95
1 , 904
203
777
622
5 , 389
8 , 36 1
l , 756
202
741
6 19
5 , 0 43
534
148
l
36
7 , 899
1 , 694
"168
656
602
4 , 779
511
137
1
36
346
8 , 410
1 , 831
169
692
605
5 ,113
334
375
49
34
75
12
205
35 4
39
34
75
12
194
130
131
1 32
133
134
Laund r ies and dry c l e ani ng establi shmen ts ••••••••••• , ••
Lumbe r e.nd furnitu re industries ............... , ..... , ••
Metal i ndustrie s (ex cept iron and s t e e l ) , ••••••••••••• ,
Pape r, pr inting, and a llie d industries , ••••••••••• , • • ••
Shoe f e.ct or ie s •• , •••••••• • , •••••••••••••••• • •••••••• , , ,
6 , 442
3 , 305
2,858
4 , 959
3 ,736
2 , 5 43
3 , 039
2 , 478
3 , 681
3 , 223
3 , 899
266
380
1 , 278
513
3 ,7 98
3 , 232
2 , 665
4 , 774
3 , 706
1 , 757
2 , 96 7
2,309
3 , 5 14
3 , 195
2 , 041
266
356
1 , 260
5 11
2 , 607
52
157
159
13
76 9
52
157
147
13
1 , 838
135
1 36
137
138
Texti l e industr ies •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••
Cotton mills , •••••••••••• ,., • • •• , ••••••• , •••••••••• ••
Woo le n and wo r sted mi lls ................. . ........ ,.,
Textile industr ies (n. e . c , ) , ............. . ....... . .. .
7,526
869
540
6 , 117
3 , 950
463
303
3,184
3 , 576
406
237
2 , 933
7 , 243
860
522
5 , 861
3 , 815
457
298
3 , 060
3 , 428
403
224
2, 801
219
103
116
208
102
10
106
3
3
11
45
11
3
31
21
10
11
12
139
Misc . and not specified manufactu r ing industries •••••••
10 , 786
7, 379
3,407
10 ,159
7 , 005
3, 154
589
344
245
140
141
142
14 3
Pa i nte r s , varnishe rs, enamel er s , etc . ( fac t ory ) ......... .
Switchmen, flagmen , e.nd y ardmen ( railroad) .............. .
Taxi c ab d r ive r s , bus dr i ve rs, and chauffeurs ••••••••••• ••
Othe r . semi s killed worke r s i n mf g . and ot her indust r ie s, ••
2 , 6 13
66 1
8 ,1 86
11 , 859
2 , 489
661
8 ,166
10 , 924
1 24
20
935
2,461
611
6 , 996
11 , 0 11
2 , 358
6 11
6 , 976
10 , 217
103
137
48
1,154
738
116
48
1 ,154
607
21
144
145
146
147
148
149
UNSKILLED LABORERS (EXCEPT IN AGRI CULTURE) •• , •••••••• "l-----"8'-'-7.._7:....,48
"'--+-----"8'-'7..,_l:,6'-"
6- + - - - '5"-'8"2"-+---'7'-"5'-'-2
" 5'~9-+---'7c.;a
' 4c,.;6,...,9'-"-3 -l---"""'
!iM'-l----'l~l'-&!a:.27~6~---'l~l'-&!a:.
27~4!.....--!_ _ _...i2e__
Le.bore r s in manuf l\cturing and all i e d i ndustrie s..........
20 , 72 1
20 ,197
524
18 , 174
17 , 663
511
2 ,185
2 ,184
1
Clay, glass , and stone industries. , •••• , . ..............
1 , 96 4
1, 95 7
7
1, 355
1 , 349
6
592
592
I r on and steel, machine ry, and ve h ic le indus t r ies ......
5,598
5 , 590
8
4 , 85 3
4 , 8 45
8
602
602
Lumber and fur n itur e i n dus t r ie s.................. . .....
965
962
3
86 4
861
3
84
84
Othe r manufe.otu r ing e.nd a ll i ed indu s t r ie s..............
12 ,194
11, 688
506
11 , 102
10 , 608
494
907
906
1 50
1 51
152
1 53
154
1 55
1 56
1 57
158
159
160
161
Le.b orers except in mfg . e.nd all i e d industrie s ••••• • ••••• ,
Mines , quarries , and oil e.nd ga s we lls •••••••••••••••••
Odd jobs (general ) ••••••••• • , ••••••••••• • ••••••••••••• ,
Rai lroads ( steam e.nd st reet ) .......................... •
Roads, streets , and s e~'fe rs .•.•..•••.•..•...........••••
Sto r es (in cluding porte r s i n sto r es) •••••••••••••••••••
Laborers e.nd hel pers (n .e, o , ) in b l d g. e.nd c onst .•• • •••
Longsh o r emen and ste vedo r es ,. ......................... ,
Lumbe rmen , raftsmen, and woocl.choppe r s •••••••••••. • ••• ,,
St r e et cleane r ~ , garba ge men , and scavenge r s •.... . ..• ••
Teamsters and d rayme n ••••••••• • • • ••••• • •••• • •••••••••••
Othe r l abore r s , except mfg. and all ied ind ' s ( n . e . c . ) .,
16 2
163
164
165
166
167
168
169
170
171
172
173
174
176
DOMESTIC Al!D PERSONAL SERVI CE WORKERS •••••••• • •••••••• •1---'-7-"
4....,2..,40
"'--+-----"3'-"4_.,6._.6"'
9-+---'3"'
9-'-'5"-'7-"l-+---'4:..:.
7...,2e..,9'-"
6-t----'2'-"
4-'-'6a:.:a3'-"
3-+---'2'-"2...,_;6e..,6'-"3-+---'2"'6'-'--3
,:,5,..:9~----=9~ 77c.a4~_....;1::;6~ 5 8~5:...._
Ba rber e.nd beauty shop wo r ke r s .......................... ,
4 , 963
4 , 138
8 25
4 , 508
3 , 867
641
427
246
18 1
Bootbl,a cks .................. , .......................... ••
6 44
634
10
475
475
166
156
10
Cleaners e.nd charwome n ...... . ..... . ................. ,....
10 , 591
6 11
9 , 980
3 , 625
415
3 , 210
6 , 924
194
6, 730
Cooks and chefs ( except in pr ivate fami l y) .. . ............
4 , 688
3 , 956
73 2
3 , 242
2 , 687
555
1 , 399
1 , 228
171
El evato r ope r ators. ......................................
4 , 02 9
3 , 924
105
2 , 474
2 , 406
68
1, 543
1,506
37
Janitors , caretake rs, and s e xt ons .............. ••••••••••
4 , 434
3 , 629
805
3 , 0 16
2 , 38 4
63 2
1 , 386
1 , 225
161
Le.und r es s e s ( n ot in l aund ry ) •••••••••••••••• • •• • ••••• ••••
1, 202
8
1 , 194
352
2
350
8 45
5
840
Porte rs (except in store s ), •••••••••••••••••••••••• • • ·•••
5 , 6 30
5 , 599
31
2 , 648
2 , 617
31
2 , 969
2 , 969
Practical nurses , h ospital attenda nts , e.nd orde r lies .....
2 , 267
5 13
l , 754
1, 96 7
230
460
1 , 507
28 1
51
Se rvants ( h ote l s, boarding hou s es , etc . ) (n. e.c.) .... . ...
7, 6 12
4 , 841
2 , 771
6 , 057
4 , 020
718
2 , 037
1 , 461
743
Se rvants (pri vate f amily) ••••••••••••••••••••. ·····• · ••••
17,254
409
16 , 845
7 , 005
9 , 825
15 4
9 , 671
7 , 256
251
Waite r s , ""itr esses , and ba rtende r s .. . .... . ............. ,
5 , 983
3 , 275
2 , 708
4, 954
2 , 566
289
2 , 388
954
665
Othe r d ome stic and pers onal se r vice wo rke r s •••••• • ••• ••·•
4 , 943
3 , 132
1 , 8 11
4 , 153
2 , 580
213
1, 573
748
535
1 76
177
1 78
17 9
FARM OPERATORS AND LABORERS·•••••••••• , •••••.••••.• •• •• 'I-___.,,....._,
,1,1"""n" -+--"l'"'4 .._,?"""n"'- + - - - - '?"n"2-+--"l"'-'--'
"'"'-"2"'8-+--"1"'--'-'
3 4"""':8---+----'le,
-3
9~0---+_ _ _4:!!3!.!i3~ - -~ 42"-'4l......l_ _ ___;9~
Fe.rm f oremen, manage r s , and ove r seers •.•••••••••• • , . .....
146
143
3
139
136
3
5
5
Farm lab orers................ . ...... . ..... . ........ . .....
10, 891
10 , 705
1 86
10 , 308
10 , 133
175
352
343
Farmers.................................... ........ . .....
3 , 368
3 , 355
13
3 , 18 1
3,169
12
76
76
180
181
182
INEXPERIENCED PERSONS ••••• , •••••• • ••• • ••• •• •••••••• , •• •---"
6-"8 ._46
""'7 -+---=2......,
A2._.6.,_7--+----=40
= 2._.00"'--+----"6"'"'-'
3 9'--"9"'9--+---=2"'6 ...,6._.6""5---+-_--"3'-'7...,3e,3:...4__.._........s:3-"
-·8e..,2:..:,:5~
Persons 16-24 y e a. rs of a ge ( inc l usive) ..... . .............
56 , 505
27 , 365
29 ,140
53,093
25 , 845
27 , 248
2 , 955
Pe r sons 25 yea.rs of a ge and over, ...................... ••
11 , 96 2
902
11, 060
10 , 906
8 20
10 , 086
8 70
183
UNKNOWN OCCUPATION, ••••••••• , ••••• , ••••••••••••••••• ,.
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
67 , 02 7
1 , 235
2 , 118
5 , 823
7 , 724
7 , 588
20 , 06 1
·3 , 895
2 , 6 47
554
2 , 166
13,216
39 317
66 , 969
1 , 235
2 ,11 2
5 , 823
7 ,7 24
7 , 562
20 , 06 1
3 , 895
2 , 647
554
2 ,166
13 , 190
22 817
58
26
26
16 500
57 , 08 5
1 ,160
1 , 925
5 , 083
6 , 96 1
5 ,486
17 , 6 43
3 , 095
2 , 529
477
2 , 016
10 , 710
34 767
57 , 030
1 ,160
1 , 9 19
5 , 083
6 , 961
5 , 463
17, 643
3 , 095
2,529
477
2 , 0 16
10 , 684
20 531
20
794
55
23
26
14 236
9 , 091
50
151
612
641
2 , 029
2 , 270
785
78
77
130
2,268
3 400
131
9 , 090
50
151
612
6 41
2 , 028
2 , 270
785
78
77
130
2,26 8
_
___.l'""-3,:,6"'6~_-..!:2'-'-45
= 9:...._
1 , 317
1 , 638
49
821
1 47 8
1 922
WORKERS ON RELIEF-NORTH CAROLINA
94
1
TABLE l-WORKERS ON RELIEF, BY USUAL OCCUPATION, COLOR, AND SEX, FOR THE STATE: MARCH 1935
TOTAL 2
WfilTE
NEGRO
USUAL OOCUP.ATION
TOTAL . •• • •••• ••• • ••• •• ••••• ••
2
3
4
5
6
F.fflALE
MALE
TOTAL
li9 , 972
63 , 489
56 , 483
TOTAL
FEHA.LE
·MALE
70 , 829
39 , 956
TOTAL
30, 873
48 , 675
FEl1ALE
MALE
2 3, 264
25 , 411
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
PROFESSIONAL AND TECHNICAL WORKERS •••.•• ••• ••••••••••••• 1 - - - --'78
-"''""0'-+----=24::..:2'-+-_ _.....::.;
53::.:8'-+_ _.....::.;
58::.:3'-+----"'
19::.:6'-l-_ _.....::.;
38"-'7--+----=1 9::..:2--1-_ _ _.4::..:5'---j_ __.:.
1.::.c
4 7~
Actors ....................................................
3
3
Archite cts.. .... . .........................................
1
1
Arti s ts, sculptors , and t e ache rs of art... .. . .............
1
4
Che mi sts , a ssayers , o.nd metallurgi s ts........ .. ..... ... .. .
2
2
Cle r gymen and r eli gious workers............ . ...... ... . . . ..
67
60
46
21
20
40
Designers •••.••••••••••• ••• ••• • ••••••••••••••••••••• ••••••
Draftsmen •• • •••• •• ••••• • ••••• • •••••••••••••••• ••• ••• •• • •••
1
Enginee rs ( technical ) •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••
59
59
58
58
Lawye rs, judges , and justices •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••
2
2
3
3
Libr arians and librarians' assistants • •• • ••• •••••••• •••• ••
12
13
1
12
13
1
Musicians and teachers of music •••••••••••••••••••••••••••
7
8
42
34
20
27
15
14
Nur ses (trained or registe red) •••..••••••••••• • ••• •• •.••••
82
83
14
14
98
1
99
1
Physicians , sur geons , and de ntist& ••••••••••••••••••••••••
4
4
5
5
1
Playground and r ec reational worke rs ••••••••••••.••••••••••
4
7
11
6
Repo rters, editor s, and journalists .• . .••••••••.•.••••••.•
2
8
8
18
19
20
'£eachers •••••••••••• ••• •• ••.••••••• ••••• •• •••• ••• •• •• •• •••
College instructo r s and pr ofesso,-s ••••••••• .. •••••••• • ••
Primary and secondary s chool , and t eache rs (n.e.c. )~ • •••
3
3
399
44
21
Other profe ss i onal workers ••••••••••.•. . ..•..••••.••••••••
18
41
35
34
30
6
35
2
33
5
1
29
7
132
1
131
17
1
16
115
22
23
24
25
Othe r semiprofess ional worke r s ••••••••••.•••••••.•••••••••
Abstracto r s , notaries , and justices of peace •••••.••••••
Technioians and laboratory- assist!l1lts ••• • ••• ••• .• •••••••
Semiprofes s i onal worke r s (n.e.c. ) •••• •••••••• . • ••• •·••••
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
47
338
60
PROPRIETORS , MANAGERS, AND OFFICIALS (EXCEPT AGRI C. ) •••• 1 - - - -•~;-4._.
,7'-+----"':,;•7.._.
·:,;' -+-_ _ _7...,4._.._ _-"'
39'"'8'-+_ _.....::.;::.::....+-----=--1---31
Building contractors .. ................. ..... .. . . ..........
32
32
31
1
Foreste r s , fo r est range r s , and timbe r crui so r s ••••••.•••••·
4
4
3
3
62
32
Hucksters, pedd ler s , and junk and rag de alers... .. . . .... ..
10
@FedFRASER