The full text on this page is automatically extracted from the file linked above and may contain errors and inconsistencies.
A .
3
.
O
-
3/66
Work-related Hand injuries and
Upper Extremity Amputations
U.S. Department of Labor
Bureau of Labor Statistics
December 1982
Bulletin 2160
r m i- S
r-r-j
t b
D
W®rik=relaSed (Hand Injuries and
Upper Extremity imputations
U.S. Department of Labor
Raymond J. Donovan, Secretary
Bureau of Labor Statistics
Janet L. Norwood, Commissioner
December 1982
Bulletin 2160
For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office
Washington, D.C. 20402 - Price $4.50
Pr®fa©@
The surveys were directed by Helen McDonald under
the supervision of Herbert Schaffer.
The user should exercise caution in extrapolating sur
vey data to population estimates because of limitations
of the surveys. The data were not intended to be sta
tistically representative of the population studied. States
participating in data collection may not represent the
country as a whole; reporting requirements for workers’
compensation reports, which are the source for select
ing injuries for study, vary among States; and the data
collection periods are not intended to represent the en
tire year. In addition, because of the exclusion of
white-collar and service workers in the hand injuries
survey, industries dominated by these occupations are
underrepresented. Nevertheless, the data for each sur
vey represent injured workers in the surveyed occupa
tions in the participating States during the periods stud
ied and are, therefore, valid for identifying injury pat
terns on a relative basis.
For analytical purposes, incidence rates of the inju
ries studied were not generated nor can they be inferred
from the data because information on hours of work is
not available. See appendix A for scope and methodol
ogy of the surveys.
Material in this publication is in the public domain
and may, with appropriate credit, be reproduced with
out permission.
This bulletin contains summaries of the results of two
Bureau of Labor Statistics work injury surveys. The
first survey covered selected hand injuries to blue-col
lar workers, January-April 1981; the second survey was
limited to arm, hand, or finger amputations, December
1980-May 1981. The findings of these surveys will as
sist the Occupational Safety and Health Administration
(OSHA) in developing safety standards, compliance
strategy, and training programs for reducing work-re
lated injuries.
The surveys were conducted by the Bureau’s Office
of Occupational Safety and Health Statistics, William
Mead, Assistant Commissioner, in cooperation with 23
States: Arizona, Arkansas, California, Colorado, Dela
ware, Hawaii, Idaho, Indiana, Iowa, Kentucky, Maine,
Massachusetts, Michigan, Missouri, Montana, Nebraska,
New Jersey (amputation survey only), Ohio, Tennes
see, Utah, Virginia, Washington, and Wisconsin. The
BLS regional offices coordinated State operations. The
Offices of Compliance, Standards Development, Statis
tical Studies and Analysis, and Training of OSHA and
the Office of Safety Research of the National Institute
for Occupational Safety and Health contributed to the
planning and development of the surveys. Maryrose
Cline-Buso prepared the summary on hand injuries, and
Lyn Pearson summarized the amputation survey and
developed the computer programs for both surveys.
iii
Contents
Page
P arti. Accidents involving hand injuries ...................................................................
Sum m ary.............................................................................................................
1
1
Tables:
Accidents involving hand injuries, selected States, January-April 1981:
1. Industry..................................................................................................
2. Selected nature of in ju ry .........................................................................
3. Source of in ju ry ......................................................................................
4. Age of worker..........................................................................................
5. Sex of w orker......................................
6. Selected occupations..............................................................................
7. Activity and type of accident ...............................................................
8. Conditions or events contributing to in ju ry ..........................................
9. Part of hand injured ..............................................................................
10. Use of gloves............................................................................................
11. Practices and policies.............................................................................
12. Activity and use of safeguardsby workers using fixed machinery.........
13. Estimated days away from work ...........................................................
4
4
5
6
6
7
9
10
11
12
14
16
17
Part II. Accidents resulting in arm, hand, or finger amputations.............................
18
Sum m ary.............................................................................................................
18
Tables:
Accidents resulting in arm, hand, or finger amputations, selected States,
December 1980-May 1981:
14. Industry...................................................................................................
15. Source of in ju ry ......................................................................................
16. Age of worker..........................................................................................
17. Sex of w orker..........................................................................................
18. Occupations ............................................................................................
19. Activity and type of accident .................................................................
20. Conditions or events contributing to in ju ry ..........................................
21. Part of upper extremity am putated........................................................
22. Part of finger amputated.........................................................................
23. Use of hand or arm protection...............................................................
24. Work experience and safety practices ....................................................
25. Activity and use of safeguards by workers using fixed machinery........
21
22
23
23
24
26
27
28
29
29
30
31
Appendixes:
A. Survey explanatory notes..............................................................................
B. Participating State agencies...........................................................................
C. Survey questionnaires....................................................................................
D. Illustration of phalanges of the right hand....................................................
32
33
34
38
IV
Part I. AeeidteBits Involving
Inland! Injuries
Summary
The Bureau of Labor Statistics survey of workers in
blue-collar occupations who suffered hand injuries fo
cused on accidents involving cuts, fractures, scratches,
or burns resulting in 1 or more days away from work.1
Types of accidents were limited to: Struck by or against,
caught in or between, rubbed or abraded, contact with
temperature extremes, and contact with caustic sub
stances. Based on the most recent data available from
the OSHA Annual Survey and the Supplementary Data
System, 7.6 percent of the disabling injuries, or an es
timated 200,0002cases in 1980, met the survey definition.
The BLS survey of hand injuries showed that the
largest percentage of the injuries occurred to workers
who were operating, maintaining, or repairing fixed
(stationary) machinery or equipment. The injuries,
which were divided almost evenly between left and
right hands, were generally cuts or lacerations. The
majority of workers were not wearing gloves at the
time of the accident. On the average, workers lost an
estimated 17 days away from work as a result of their
injuries.
Of the occupations studied, operatives, excluding
transport, accounted for 45 percent of the workers in
jured; craft and kindred workers, 35 percent; and la
borers, 14 percent. Among operatives, meatcutters and
assemblers were predominant, while mechanics and re
pairers, machinists, and carpenters ranked highest
1For a description o f the survey scope and methods, see appendix
A.
2See appendix A for estimating procedure.
among craft and kindred workers. Manufacturers em
ployed 60 percent of the injured workers, primarily in
fabricated metal products, food and kindred products,
and machinery, except electrical. Construction and re
tail trade accounted for 13 and 8 percent, respectively.
Men constituted 86 percent of the workers surveyed.
More than 2 out of every 5 workers were injured
while operating, maintaining, or repairing fixed machin
ery or equipment. Table saws and presses, other than
printing presses, were the two most common specific
classifications of fixed machinery. As shown in the fol
lowing table, injuries to those working with fixed ma
chinery or equipment occurred most frequently when
their hands either were caught in or between machin
ery or objects, hit against moving machine parts, or
were struck by moving machine parts.
Workers who were lifting, carrying, or handling ob
jects accounted for almost one-fourth of the hand inju
ries studied. Nearly one-fifth of the injuries occurred
to workers using nonpowered handtools, primarily
knives. In both situations, the injuries were most fre
quently the result of flying, falling, or swinging objects
striking their hands. In fact, these objects produced the
largest number of injuries overall. The two most preva
lent types of flying, falling, or swinging objects were
metal items and nonpowered handtools.
Of the workers using fixed machinery or power saws,
more than two-thirds were operating the equipment
when they injured their hands. Almost one-fifth were
injured while engaged in cleaning, repairing, or servic
ing activities. The majority of workers using fixed ma
chinery reported that there were no safeguards, such
Text table 1. Type of accident by activity at time of accident
(Number of workers)
Activity
Total
Working with
fixed
(nonportable)
machinery
Using powered
handtools
Using
nonpowered
handtools
Lifting, carrying,
or holding
objects
Other
T o ta l......................................................................
944
416
70
180
214
64
Hit against moving machine part(s) ........................
Struck by moving machine pa rt(s)...........................
Caught in or between machinery o r o b je c t............
Struck by falling, flying, or swinging object ..........
Struck against nonmoving o b je c t............................
Other ...........................................................
134
153
165
339
121
32
115
114
116”
42
20
9
11
33
3
20
3
-
2
1
3
126
41
7
Type of accident
-
Indicates that no data were reported.
1
-
3
24
127
55
5
6
2
19
24
2
11
as point-of-operation or barrier guards, in use at the
time of their accidents. Of the workers who indicated
that safeguards were in use, the three most common
explanations for why the safeguards did not prevent
their injuries were: Safeguards did not completely en
close all of the dangerous parts of the machines; hands
passed through or under safeguards; or hands were in
areas not protected by safeguards. Nearly 2 out of 5
also noted that there was a shutoff device within reach,
and slightly more indicated that no other safety features
were available.
Cuts were the most common injury studied, account
ing for nearly 7 out of every 10 injuries. Slightly more
than 1 out of 4 of the injuries were fractures. Heat and
chemical burns, scratches, and multiple injuries together
represented the remaining injuries.
The index finger was injured most frequently, fol
lowed by the middle finger, thumb, palm area or back
of hand, ring finger, and little finger. Looking at left
and right hands separately, the largest difference in
volved thumb injuries, with the right hand showing
proportionately fewer injuries to the thumb than the
left. Almost one-half of the external injuries, which ex
clude fractures, occurred to the back of the hand only,
which was twice the proportion of injuries to the palm
only. The remaining cases involved both sides of the
hand.
The injuries were divided almost evenly between left
and right hands, 51 and 48 percent, respectively. Only
1 percent of the cases studied involved both hands.
Ninety percent of the injured workers were right
handed. This percentage corresponds with the national
estimate of adults who are right handed.3
The survey was limited to workers whose injuries
resulted in 1 or more days away from work. More than
one-quarter of the workers estimated that they lost 1
to 5 days, and three-tenths lost 6 to 15 days. The aver
age case resulted in 17 days away from work, which
was 1 day more than the national average for all lost
workday cases.4
Workers were asked to indicate conditions or events
which they felt led to their injuries. A wide variety of
factors were listed; some were applicable to many work
situations while others were more specific. Survey re
spondents most frequently attributed their injuries to
the pace at which they were working, 29 percent, or
the fact that they were unaware that their hands were
in a hazardous area, 26 percent. Twenty percent felt
they misjudged either the time or distance needed to
avoid injury. The next three most common explana
tions, reported by 17 to 19 percent of the workers, were
sudden or unintended movement of work materials,
tools or equipment, or the hand itself.
Other frequently indicated factors were attention not
fully on task, not looking at hands, tools or equipment
in bad condition, and tools or machinery not equipped
with safeguards. Altogether, about 1 in 12 injuries oc
curred when work materials, cleaning tools, clothing,
or jewelry caught on or were pulled into equipment,
dragging the workers’ hands in with them.
Seven out of ten workers were not wearing hand
protection at the time of injury. When asked to explain
why, they generally indicated that gloves were not
practical or were not required. Almost 1 out of 4 re
spondents felt that gloves were unsafe for the work be
ing done, while nearly 1 out of 5 did not think hand
protection was needed. One out of eight said gloves
were not allowed to be worn on the job. When asked
if gloves or other hand protection were available at the
time of injury, more than one-half of the unprotected
workers said that gloves were provided, usually light
cotton or fabric, leather, or general purpose rub
ber-coated gloves.
Almost three-tenths of the injured workers were
wearing gloves or other hand protection at the time of
their injury, predominantly light cotton or fabric gloves.
One-fourth wore leather gloves, and slightly more than
one-tenth wore general purpose rubber-coated gloves.
More than three-fifths of the protected workers indi
cated that they were wearing gloves to protect against
cuts, splinters, blisters, scratches, friction, or rope burns.
When asked why the gloves did not prevent their
injuries, nearly 2 out of 5 workers said their gloves
were torn, punctured, or cut through by the object that
injured them, and more than 1 out of 10 indicated that
their gloves caught in a machine and pulled in their
hands. Almost 3 out of 5 workers reported that the im
pact produced fractures, scratches, or abrasions with
out apparent damage to their gloves.
Of the workers wearing hand protection, 44 percent
felt that it had no effect on their accidents. Thirty-four
percent said it reduced the seriousness of their injuries,
and 13 percent indicated that their gloves caused the
accident. A majority of the protected workers felt that
another type of hand protection would not have pre
vented their injuries.
A comparison of selected characteristics between
workers wearing and not wearing hand protection is
shown in the following table. Almost two-thirds of the
workers wearing gloves, compared with less than
three-fifths of the workers not wearing gloves, were
employed in manufacturing. Craft and kindred workers
accounted for a smaller percentage of workers using
hand protection. The proportion of workers wearing
gloves while working with fixed machinery was only
5 percentage points less than that of unprotected
workers, 41 and 46 percent, respectively. One of the
3U.S. Department o f Health and Human Services, National Center
for Health Statistics, National Health Examination Survey, Cycle 1
(1960-62).
4 Bureau o f Labor Statistics, Occupational Injuries and Illnesses in
the United States by Industry, 1980, Bulletin 2130 (1982).
2
largest differences was reflected in the types of injuries
received. Proportionately, workers wearing gloves suf
fered fewer cuts and more fractures than workers not
wearing gloves.
Text table 2. Workers not wearing or wearing gloves by
selected characteristics
Workers not
wearing gloves
Workers wearing
gloves
Industry
M anufacturing......................................
Retail trade ..........................................
O th e r.....................................................
58
11
31
65
2
33
Occupation
Craft and kindred workers .................
Operatives, excluding transport ........
Laborers, excluding farm ...................
O th e r.....................................................
39
44
12
5
24
48
18
10
Nature of injury
Cuts, lacerations, or pu nctures.........
Fractures...............................................
O th e r......................................................
76
20
4
53
40
7
46
21
41
14
20
13
28
17
Characteristics
Activity at time of accident
Working with fixed (nonportable)
m achinery..........................................
Using nonpowered handtool .............
Lifting, carrying, or handling
o b je c ts ...............................................
O th e r.....................................................
3
Two-thirds of the workers did not receive any infor
mation on gloves. Of those who did, the largest pro
portion received instructions from their supervisors or
employers, usually on when and where to use gloves.
Sixty-seven percent of the workers reported that their
employers had no policy on wearing gloves or other
hand protection for the work being done at the time of
injury. Employers who had a policy were split between
those who required gloves, 55 percent, and those who
did not allow gloves to be worn, 45 percent. Fifty-six
percent of the respondents indicated that gloves or other
hand protection were available from their employers at
partial or no cost to the employees. A majority of the
employers who supplied gloves also had a program or
policy for replacing lost, worn, or damaged gloves.
When asked what actions their employers took after
the accident to prevent hand injuries from happening
to others, three-tenths of the workers surveyed reported
that their employers investigated the accident. A simi
lar proportion of the workers said their employers
warned other employees about the hazard. More than
one-fifth of the respondents indicated no action was
taken by their employers to prevent the accident from
happening to others, while more than one-fourth did
not know if any action was taken.
Table 1. Industry: Hand injuries resulting in days away from work, selected States,
January-April 1981
Workers wearing
gloves
All workers
Industry
Number
Percent
Number
Percent
Total ...................................................................................................
944
100
264
100
Agriculture, forestry, and fis h in g ............................................................
Mining 1 .....................................................................................................
19
3
2
(2)
5
3
2
1
Construction .............................................................................................
General building contractors...........................................................
Heavy construction contractors......................................................
Special trade contractors ................................................................
122
41
8
73
13
4
1
8
27
8
6
13
10
3
2
5
Manufacturing ..........................................................................................
Food and kindred products.............................................................
Textile mill p ro d u c ts .........................................................................
Apparel and other textile products.................................................
Lumber and wood p ro d u c ts ............................................................
Furniture and fix tu re s .......................................................................
Paper and allied products ...............................................................
Printing and publishing.....................................................................
Chemicals and allied products........................................................
Petroleum and coal products..........................................................
Rubber and miscellaneous plastics p ro d u c ts...............................
Leather and leather products .........................................................
Stone, clay, and glass products.....................................................
Primary metal industries ..................................................................
Fabricated metal products...............................................................
Machinery, except electrical............................................................
Electric and electronic equipm ent..................................................
Transportation equipm ent................................................................
Instruments and related products ..................................................
Miscellaneous manufacturing industries........................................
566
76
6
13
65
27
23
23
9
2
35
4
11
20
118
78
24
22
3
7
60
8
1
1
7
3
2
2
1
(2)
4
(2)
1
2
13
8
3
2
(2)
1
172
28
1
26
4
2
1
5
2
9
3
14
45
18
8
4
1
1
65
11
(2)
10
2
1
(2)
2
1
3
1
5
17
7
3
2
(2)
(2)
Transportation and public utilities .........................................................
Wholesale tra d e .......................................................................................
Retail tra d e ...............................................................................................
Finance, insurance, and real estate .....................................................
S erv ic e s ....................................................................................................
Other industries, not elsewhere classified ...........................................
40
53
79
5
49
8
4
6
8
1
5
1
16
21
5
2
9
4
6
8
2
1
3
2
1 Limited to oil and gas extraction.
2 Less than 0.5 percent.
NOTE: Due to rounding, percentages may not add
to 100. See appendix A for types of injuries included
in the survey.
Dashes indicate that no data were
reported.
SOURCE: State workers’ compensation reports,
Table 2. Selected nature of injury: Hand injuries resulting in days away from work, selected
States, January-April 1981
Workers wearing
gloves
All workers
Nature of injury
Number
Percent
Number
Percent
Total ...................................................................................................
944
100
264
100
Burn or scald (h e a t)................................................................................
Burn (chem ical)........................................................................................
Cut, laceration, puncture—open w o u n d ...............................................
Fracture .....................................................................................................
Scratches, abrasions (superficial w ounds)...........................................
Multiple injuries ........................................................................................
20
6
653
245
5
15
2
1
69
26
1
2
6
4
139
106
3
6
2
2
53
40
1
2
NOTE: Due to rounding, percentages may not add
to 100. See appendix A for types of injuries included
in the survey,
SOURCE: State workers’ compensation reports.
4
Table 3. Source of injury: Hand injuries resulting in days away from work, selected States,
January-April 1981
Workers wearing
gloves
All workers
Source of injury
Number
Percent
Total ...................................................................................................
944
Animal products.......................................................................................
Boilers, pressure vessels........................................................................
Boxes, barrels, containers......................................................................
Buildings and stru cture s.........................................................................
Ceramic ite m s ..........................................................................................
Chemicals, chemical com pounds..........................................................
C lothing.....................................................................................................
Coal and petroleum products ................................................................
C onveyors.................................................................................................
Electric apparatus....................................................................................
Flame, fire, sm o ke...................................................................................
Food products..........................................................................................
Furniture, fixtures, etc..............................................................................
Glass items, not elsewhere classified ..................................................
2
2
32
12
2
6
1
3
12
10
3
2
10
10
Handtools, not powered .........................................................................
Handtools, not powered, unspecified ............................................
Axe .....................................................................................................
Blow torch .........................................................................................
Chisel .................................................................................................
F ile ......................................................................................................
Hammer .............................................................................................
Knife ...................................................................................................
P liers...................................................................................................
R o p e ...................................................................................................
S a w .....................................................................................................
Scissors .............................................................................................
Screw driver........................................................................................
Shovel ................................................................................................
W rench...............................................................................................
Handtools, not powered, not elsewhere classified ......................
147
1
2
1
2
1
20
91
1
2
1
4
3
1
4
13
Handtools, powered ................................................................................
Handtools, powered, unspecified ...................................................
G rin d e r...............................................................................................
Drill .....................................................................................................
H am m er.............................................................................................
K n ife ...................................................................................................
S a w .....................................................................................................
Welding tools ....................................................................................
Handtools, powered, not elsewhere classified.............................
48
1
3
16
2
1
20
1
4
5
o
(’)
2
(’)
(’)
2
0
(')
Heating equipment (nonelectric), not elsewhere classified ...............
Hoisting apparatus...................................................................................
Liquids, not elsewhere classified...........................................................
2
14
2
(')
Machines ..................................................................................................
Machines, unspecified......................................................................
Agitators, m ix e rs ...............................................................................
Agricultural machines, not elsewhere classified...........................
Buffers, polishers, etc........................................................................
Casting, forging, welding .................................................................
Crushing, pulverizing ........................................................................
Drilling, boring ...................................................................................
Highway construction.......................................................................
M inin g.................................................................................................
Packaging, w rap ping........................................................................
Picking, carding, etc..........................................................................
Planers, shapers, m olders...............................................................
Presses (not printing).......................................................................
Printing ...............................................................................................
Rolls ” .................................................................................................
S a w s ...................................................................................................
Shears, slitters, s lic e rs .....................................................................
Stitchinq, s ew inq...............................................................................
352
7
2
3
30
4
2
26
3
1
10
1
23
38
15
10
85
28
9
See footnotes at end of table.
5
100
0
0
3
1
(')
1
0
0
1
1
(')
0
1
1
16
(’)
(')
(’)
0
o
2
10
(’)
0
0
0
(1)
(')
(1)
1
1
0
37
1
(')
(’)
3
0
0
3
(')
(')
1
Number
Percent
264
100
2
17
4
1
4
1
6
2
(’)
2
1
3
3
1
1
1
2
O
1
1
0
(1)
(’)
1
38
14
2
1
9
19
1
2
3
7
(’)
1
1
1
3
0
(')
1
4
10
2
1
1
0
3
7
1
6
1
0
2
0
90
34
1
9
3
1
4
2
1
2
(’)
3
1
o
2
1
0
1
o
2
4
2
1
9
3
1
3
16
1
4
19
7
1
6
(')
2
7
3
Table 3. Source of injury: Hand injuries resulting in days away from work, selected States,
January-April 1981—Continued
Workers wearing
gloves
All workers
Source of injury
Number
Machines—Continued
Weaving, knitting, s pinn ing..............................................................
Machines, not elsewhere classified ...............................................
4
51
Mechanical power transmission apparatus..........................................
Percent
Number
Percent
0
5
17
6
7
1
3
1
Metal ite m s ...............................................................................................
Metal items, unspecified..................................................................
Automobile p a rts ...............................................................................
Beams, bars ......................................................................................
M o ld s..................................................................................................
Molten metal .....................................................................................
Nails, spikes, etc................................................................................
Pipe ....................................................................................................
Screws, nuts, b o lts ...........................................................................
Metal items, not elsewhere classified............................................
183
13
13
15
8
1
12
15
3
103
19
1
1
2
1
0
1
2
O
11
48
5
1
5
4
2
6
2
23
18
2
0
2
2
1
2
1
9
Mineral items, nonmetallic, not elsewhere classified .........................
Plastic items, not elsewhere classified.................................................
Pumps and prime movers ......................................................................
Radiating substances and equipm ent...................................................
Vehicles .....................................................................................................
Wood ite m s ...............................................................................................
Miscellaneous, not elsewhere classified ..............................................
N onclassifiable..........................................................................................
3
1
6
1
38
24
6
3
0
(1)
2
2
12
8
2
1
1
1
5
3
1
1
0
4
3
1
(1)
0
in the survey.
Dashes indicate that no data were
reported.
SOURCE: State workers’ compensation reports.
1 Less than 0.5 percent.
NOTE: Due to rounding, percentages may not add
to 100. See appendix A for types of injuries included
Table 4. Age of worker: Hand injuries resulting in days away from work, selected States,
January-April 1981
Workers wearing
gloves
All workers
Age
Number
Percent
Number
Percent
Total ...................................................................................................
944
100
264
100
16— 19 y e a rs ............................................................................................
20—24 y e a rs ............................................................................................
25—34 y e a rs ............................................................................................
35—44 y e a rs ............................................................................................
45—54 y e a rs ...........................................................................................
55—64 y e a rs ............................................................................................
65 years or m o re .....................................................................................
Not available ............................................................................................
62
243
276
137
95
90
14
27
7
26
29
15
10
10
1
3
15
56
78
48
25
28
3
11
6
21
30
18
9
11
1
4
NOTE: Due to rounding, percentages may not add
to 100. See appendix A for types of injuries included
in the survey,
SOURCE: State workers’ compensation reports.
Table 5. Sex of worker: Hand injuries resulting in days away from work, selected States,
January-April 1981
Workers wearing
gloves
All workers
Sex
Number
Percent
Number
Percent
Total ...................................................................................................
944
100
264
100
Men ............................................................................................................
W om e n.......................................................................................................
811
133
86
14
231
33
88
13
NOTE: Due to rounding, percentages may not add
to 100. See appendix A for types of injuries included
in the survey,
SOURCE: State workers’ compensation reports.
6
Table 6. Selected occupations: Hand injuries resulting in days away from work, selected
States, January-April 1981
Workers wearing
gloves
All workers
Occupation
Number
Percent
264
100
35
64
2
1
1
6
1
1
2
1
24
1
0
(’)
2
0
(’)
1
0
0
(’)
0
4
2
4
3
1
5
1
2
1
-
82
2
1
3
17
5
24
1
3
21
5
9
0
0
(’)
2
1
3
0
0
2
1
11
1
2
2
5
1
1
8
11
1
1
1
13
1
16
4
9
2
1
1
4
1
1
7
4
2
3
11
0
944
C raft and kindred w o rk e rs ..................................................................
Automobile accessories insta lle rs..................................................
B a k e rs ................................................................................................
Boilermakers .....................................................................................
Bulldozer op e ra to rs..........................................................................
Cabinetm akers..................................................................................
C arpenters.........................................................................................
Carpenter apprentices .....................................................................
Carpet insta lle rs................................................................................
Cement and concrete finishers.......................................................
Crane, derrick, and hoist operators ...............................................
Decorators and window dressers...................................................
Electricians ........................................................................................
Electric power line and cable installers and repairers ................
Excavating, grading, and road machine operators,
excluding bulldozers......................................................................
Floor layers, excluding tile setters .................................................
Blue-collar worker supervisors, not elsewhere classified............
G laziers..............................................................................................
Inspectors, sealers, and graders, log and lum ber........................
Inspectors, not elsewhere classified..............................................
Job-and-die setters, m e ta l...............................................................
M achinists..........................................................................................
331
1
7
2
2
2
37
6
4
3
1
1
12
1
4
1
11
5
3
1
2
40
0
(')
Mechanics and re paire rs.................................................................
Air-conditioning, heating, and refrigeration.................................
Aircraft m echanics.........................................................................
Automotive body repairers............................................................
Automobile m echanics..................................................................
Farm implement m e chanics.........................................................
Heavy equipment m e chanics.......................................................
Household appliance and accessory installers and mechanics
Mechanic apprentices, excluding a u to ........................................
Miscellaneous mechanics and repairers.....................................
Mechanics and repairers, not spe cifie d......................................
Millers; grain, flour, fe e d ..................................................................
M illw rights..........................................................................................
Molders, metal ..................................................................................
Molder apprentices...........................................................................
Painters, construction and maintenance .......................................
Pattern and model makers, excluding p a p e r................................
Plumbers and pipefitters..................................................................
Plumber and pipefitter apprentices................................................
Printing press operators ..................................................................
Roofers and s la te rs ..........................................................................
Sheetmetal workers and tinsm iths.................................................
Sheetmetal apprentices...................................................................
Sign painters and lette rers..............................................................
Stationary engineers ........................................................................
Structural metal w orkers..................................................................
Telephone line installers and repairers .........................................
Tile s e tte rs .........................................................................................
Tool-and-die makers ........................................................................
Tool-and-die maker apprentices.....................................................
Specified craft apprentices, not elsewhere classified .................
Apprentices, not spe cifie d...............................................................
Craft and kindred workers, not elsewhere classified...................
7
Percent
100
Total ...................................................................................................
See footnotes at end of table.
Number
0
1
0
(1)
0
4
1
0
0
(’)
0
1
0
1
1
1
1
0
o
0
1
0
2
0
1
(1)
(’)
0
(’)
0
0
2
5
1
5
2
1
4
-
1
(’)
0
0
1
1
1
1
0
2
4
0
1
1
2
(’)
1
2
0
2
1
(’)
2
(’)
0
0
Table 6. Selected occupations: Hand injuries resulting in days away from work, selected
States, January-Apri! 1981—Continued
Workers wearing
gloves
All workers
Occupation
Number
Operatives, excluding tra n s p o rt........................................................
Asbestos and insulation w orkers....................................................
A ssem blers........................................................................................
Surveyor h e lp ers...............................................................................
Checkers, examiners, inspectors; manufacturing .......................
Clothing ironers and pressers.........................................................
Cutting operatives, not elsewhere classified ................................
Dressmakers, excluding fa cto ry......................................................
Drywall installers and la th e rs..........................................................
Filers, polishers, sanders, buffers ..................................................
Furnace tenders, smelters, and pourers; m e ta l..........................
Garage workers and gas station attendants ................................
Produce graders and packers, excluding factory and fa r m ........
Laundry and drycleaning operatives, not elsewhere classified ...
Meatcutters and butchers, excluding manufacturing ...................
Meatcutters and butchers, manufacturing.....................................
Mine operatives, not elsewhere classified ....................................
Mixing operatives..............................................................................
Oilers and greasers, excluding auto ..............................................
Packers and wrappers, excluding re ta il.........................................
Painters, manufactured articles ......................................................
Photographic process workers .......................................................
Drill press operatives .......................................................................
Grinding machine operatives ..........................................................
Lathe and milling machine operatives...........................................
Precision machine operatives, not elsewhere classified.............
Punch and stamping press operatives ..........................................
Riveters and fasteners.....................................................................
Sawyers .............................................................................................
Sewers and stitchers .......................................................................
Shoemaking machine operatives ...................................................
Furnace tenders and stokers, excluding metal ............................
Carding, lapping, combing operative..............................................
Knitters, loopers, toppers ................................................................
Spinners, twisters, w inde rs..............................................................
W eave rs.............................................................................................
Textile operatives, not elsewhere clas s ifie d .................................
Welders and flame c u tte rs ..............................................................
Winding operatives, not elsewhere classified...............................
Machine operatives, miscellaneous specified...............................
Machine operatives, not specified..................................................
Miscellaneous operatives ................................................................
Operatives, not spe cifie d.................................................................
428
1
33
1
3
1
13
2
2
5
3
1
1
4
31
35
4
2
4
13
1
1
9
19
14
12
13
1
23
8
3
1
1
2
1
1
2
13
1
70
25
33
15
Transport equipment op eratives........ ...............................................
Delivery and route workers .............................................................
Forklift and tow motor operatives ..................................................
Truckdrivers.......................................................................................
28
3
4
21
Laborers, excluding farm .....................................................................
Construction laborers, excluding carpenter helpers ....................
Freight, material handlers................................................................
Garbage c o lle c to rs ...........................................................................
Gardeners and groundskeepers, excluding farm .........................
Longshore workers and stevedores...............................................
Timber cutting and logging w orke rs...............................................
Stock h a ndlers..................................................................................
Vehicle and equipment c le a n e rs....................................................
Warehouse laborers, not elsewhere classified.............................
131
11
8
3
3
1
8
11
2
17
See footnotes at end of table.
Percent
Number
Percent
45
0
3
0
0
0
1
(’)
0
1
(1)
(1)
0
0
3
4
0
(’)
(')
1
0
0
1
2
1
1
1
o
2
1
0
0
0
0
0
(')
(’)
1
0
7
3
3
2
127
1
5
1
1
3
3
1
2
3
17
3
1
2
3
4
10
1
3
8
11
6
18
4
12
4
48
O
2
0
(1)
1
1
0
1
1
6
1
0
1
1
2
4
0
1
3
4
2
7
2
5
2
3
2
16
2
14
6
1
5
14
1
1
0
0
0
1
1
0
2
47
4
2
2
7
1
1
6
18
2
1
1
3
0
0
2
0
0
-
Tab!© 6. Selected occupations: Hand injuries resulting in days away from work, selected
States, January-Apri! 1981—Continued
Workers wearing
gloves
All workers
Occupation
Number
Percent
Number
Percent
Laborers, excluding farm—Continued
Miscellaneous laborers ....................................................................
Laborers, not s p e c ifie d ....................................................................
57
10
6
1
19
5
7
2
Farm laborers and farm laborer su pervisors.................................
Nonclassifiable.... ...................................................................................
11
15
1
2
4
6
2
2
1 Less than 0.5 percent.
NOTE: Due to rounding, percentages may not add
to 100. See appendix A for types of injuries included
in the survey.
Dashes indicate that no data were
reported,
SOURCE: State workers’ compensation reports.
Tab!© 7. Activity and type of accident: Hand injuries resulting in days away from work,
selected States, January-Aprii 1981
Workers wearing
gloves
All workers
Activity and type
Workers
Percent
Workers
Percent
What were you doing at the time of your injury?
Total ...................................................................................................
944
100
264
100
Working with or on fixed (nonportable) machinery or equipm ent.....
Operating or repairing industrial or farm v eh icle s...............................
Using powered handtool (tor example: Portable drill,
portable s a w ).........................................................................................
Using nonpowered handtool (for example: Knife, ham m er).............
Lifting, carrying, or handling o b je c ts .....................................................
Working with che m icals..........................................................................
O th e r.........................................................................................................
416
35
44
4
108
17
41
6
70
180
214
6
23
7
19
23
1
2
20
36
75
4
4
8
14
28
2
2
Total ...................................................................................................
944
100
264
100
Hand hit against moving machine part(s) ............................................
Hand was struck by moving machine part(s) ......................................
Hand was caught in or between machinery or o b je cts ......................
Flying, falling, or swinging object struck h a n d .....................................
Struck hand against nonmoving o b je c t................................................
Chemical, caustic, or acid burned h a n d ...............................................
Occurred in other way ............................................................................
134
153
165
339
121
6
26
14
16
17
36
13
1
3
29
40
53
105
26
4
7
11
15
20
40
10
2
3
How was your hand injured?
NOTE: Due to rounding, percentages may not add
to 100. See appendix A for types of injuries included
in the survey.
Because incomplete questionnaires
were used, the total number of responses may vary by
question.
SOURCE: Survey questionnaire.
9
Table 8. Conditions or events contributing to injury: Hand injuries resulting in days away
from work, selected States, January-April 1981
Workers wearing
gloves
All workers
Condition or event
Workers
Percent
Workers
Percent
Indicate any conditions or events which you feel led to your
injury.
Total 1.................................................................................................
939
263
0
0
In a h u rry ..................................................................................................
Did not realize hand was in hazardous a re a .......................................
Misjudged time or distance needed to avoid in ju ry ............................
Work material shifted position or b ro k e ...............................................
Tool or machinery shifted position or slipped .....................................
Hand slipped ............................................................................................
Attention not fully on ta s k ......................................................................
Not looking at hand ................................................................................
Tool or equipment was in bad condition (for example: Dull blade) .
Tool or machinery not equipped with safeguard (such as
a barrier guard) .....................................................................................
268
247
184
183
162
159
99
94
88
29
26
20
19
17
17
11
10
9
74
70
55
53
45
26
14
22
24
28
27
21
20
17
10
5
8
9
84
9
29
11
Co-worker did something that caused your injury...............................
Recent change in work routine or procedures....................................
Little or no instructions given on how to do task ...............................
Tool or machinery accidentally activa ted.............................................
Tool or machinery broke or m alfunctioned..........................................
Using wrong type of tool or equipment for job ...................................
Unfamiliar with tool or equipment u s e d ................................................
View of hand blocked by part of machine or other o b je c t................
Upset or under s tre s s .............................................................................
Hand/finger(s) pulled into machine by work material ........................
70
59
54
53
53
49
49
47
44
24
7
6
6
6
6
5
5
5
5
3
26
19
20
12
16
10
14
11
6
7
10
7
8
5
6
4
5
4
2
3
Tool or machinery had been altered or modified at the
job site (for example: Barrier guard removed) ................................
Gloves, clothing, jewelry, or watch got caught in the equipm ent.....
Tired or b o re d ..........................................................................................
Tool or machinery continued to run after being shut off (coasting)..
Visibility poor due to inadequate lighting, dust, or g la re ....................
Task not being done according to instructions...................................
Machine power not turned o f f ...............................................................
Accidentally hit foot pedal on m a chine................................................
Safeguard on tool or machine failed ....................................................
Reacted to loud noise or other distraction..........................................
Cleaning tool, cloth, or rag got caught in the equipm ent..................
Other factors contributed to injury ........................................................
40
36
28
25
23
20
20
19
15
14
13
29
4
4
3
3
2
2
2
2
2
1
1
3
8
33
7
6
7
7
5
3
2
1
2
12
3
13
3
2
3
3
2
1
1
(2)
1
5
No contributing factors indicated ..........................................................
43
5
13
5
1 Because more than one response is possible, the
sum of the responses and percentages may not equal
the total. Percentages are calculated by dividing each
response by the total number of persons who
answered the question.
2 Less than 0.5 percent.
10
NOTE: See appendix A for types of injuries
included in the survey. Because incomplete question
naires were used, the total number of responses may
vary by question.
SOURCE: Survey questionnaire.
Table 9. Part of hand injured: Hand injuries resulting in days away from work, selected
States, January-Apri! 1981
Workers wearing
gloves
All workers
Part injured
Workers
Percent
Workers
Percent
Indicate which hand was injured.
Total ...................................................................................................
943
100
263
100
Left hand o n ly ..........................................................................................
Right hand only .......................................................................................
Both h a n d s ...............................................................................................
481
450
12
51
48
1
131
128
4
50
49
2
Total 1.................................................................................................
699
100
158
100
Back of hand/finger o n ly ........................................................................
Palm side of hand/finger o n ly ...............................................................
Both sides of h a n d /fin g e r......................................................................
338
168
193
48
24
28
66
38
54
42
24
34
On which side of the hand did your injury occur?
Indicate where your hand was injured.
T o ta l2 .................................................................................................
943
Left hand:
T h u m b ...................................................................................................
Index finger ..........................................................................................
Middle finger ........................................................................................
Ring fin g e r............................................................................................
Little finger ...........................................................................................
Palm area (includes back of h a n d )...................................................
122
140
109
92
59
93
13
15
12
10
6
10
26
30
38
30
19
28
10
11
14
11
7
11
Right hand:
T h um b...................................................................................................
Index finger ..........................................................................................
Middle finger ........................................................................................
Ring fin g e r............................................................................................
Little finger ...........................................................................................
Palm area (includes back of h a n d )...................................................
82
146
124
91
72
93
9
15
13
10
8
10
21
34
32
36
19
24
8
13
12
14
7
9
Total ...................................................................................................
911
100
252
100
Left h a n d e d ..............................................................................................
Right ha nded............................................................................................
95
816
10
90
33
219
13
87
0
263
0
Are you left or right handed?
1 Excludes fractures.
2 Because more than one response is possible, the
sum of the responses and percentages may not equal
the total.
Percentages are calculated by dividing each
response by the total
answered the question.
NOTE: Due to rounding, percentages may not add
to 100. See appendix A for types of injuries included
in the survey.
Because incomplete questionnaires
were used, the total number of responses may vary by
question.
SOURCE: Survey questionnaire.
number
of
persons
who
11
Table 10. Use of gloves: Hand injuries resulting in days away from work, selected
States, January-April 1981
Workers
Use of gloves
Percent
Were you wearing gloves or other hand protection at the time
of your injury?
N o ..............................................................................................................
Yes—on both hands ...............................................................................
944
100
680
241
23
72
26
2
260
100
65
121
21
1
33
6
6
2
3
2
25
47
8
0
13
2
2
1
1
1
252
(2)
97
4
3
144
2
32
6
5
38
2
1
. 57
1
13
2
2
2
1
If you were wearing gloves:
Indicate the type of gloves or other hand protection you
were wearing when injured.
Leather g lo v e s .....................................................................................
Light cotton or fabric g lo v e s..............................................................
Heavy-duty canvas gloves .................................................................
Gloves for use with chemicals ..........................................................
General purpose rubber-coated g lo v e s............................................
Thin rubber (surgical) gloves .............................................................
Steel mesh g love s...............................................................................
Asbestos gloves ..................................................................................
Indicate why the gloves or other hand protection did not
prevent your injury.
Gloves were torn, punctured, or cut through by o b je c t.................
Object or chemical went under or around gloves ..........................
Chemical, hot object, or fire burned through g lo v e ........................
Chemical soaked through glove without damaging i t .....................
Hand was fractured, scratched, or abraded inside g lo v e ..............
Heat or cold penetrated gloves.........................................................
Gloves caught in machine and pulled hand i n ................................
Injured area not covered by hand pro te ctio n ..................................
Gloves were in bad condition before accident ...............................
O th e r.....................................................................................................
Don’t k n o w ...........................................................................................
_
_
What were the gloves you were wearing intended to
protect against?
Total 2 .............................................................................................
258
(2)
Cold tem peratures...............................................................................
Burns from heat, hot objects, or fire ................................................
Chemical burns or derm atitis.............................................................
Cuts, splinters, blisters, scratches, friction, or rope bu rns.............
O th e r.....................................................................................................
Don’t k n o w ...........................................................................................
72
48
7
163
22
5
28
19
3
63
9
2
Total ...............................................................................................
252
100
Reduced the seriousness of the injury.............................................
Caused the accident (for example: Glove pulled into machine) ..
Contributed to the injury (for example: Glove cut, burned,
or scratched s k in ).............................................................................
No effect on the in ju ry ........................................................................
Don’t k n o w ...........................................................................................
85
34
34
13
7
112
14
3
44
6
What effect do you feel the gloves or other hand
protection had on the accident?
See footnotes at end of table.
12
Table 10. Use of gloves: Hand injuries resulting in days away from work, selected
States, January-April 1981—Continued
Workers
Use of gloves
Percent
Do you feel another type of glove or other hand
protection could have prevented your injury?
Total
N o .............
Yes ...........
Don’t know
253
100
205
31
17
81
12
7
26
100
16
8
2
62
31
8
If you fee! another type of glove or other hand
protection could have prevented your injury, was
it available at the job site when injured?
Total ...........................................................................
N o .............
Yes ...........
Don’t know
If you were not wearing gloves or other hand protection:
Indicate why you were not wearing gloves or other hand
protection at the time of your injury.
Total 1
2.......................................................................................
Not allowed to wear th e m ...........................................
Not practical or hard to work with them on .............
Did not think they were ne eded.................................
Not required to w e a r....................................................
Took them off immediately before the a ccid e n t......
Unsafe to wear gloves for the work you were doing
O th e r..............................................................................
648
(2)
80
371
119
253
18
147
9
12
57
18
39
3
' 23
1
558
(2)
91
142
51
29
74
17
22
28
4
52
220
16
25
9
5
13
3
4
5
1
9
39
What type of gloves or other hand protection, if any,
were available at the worksite when your injury
occurred?
T o ta l2
Leather g lo v e s ........................................
Light cotton or fabric g lo v e s .................
Heavy-duty canvas gloves ....................
Gloves for use with chemicals .............
General purpose rubber-coated gloves
Thin rubber (surgical) gloves ................
Steel mesh gloves..................................
Asbestos gloves .....................................
O th e r........................................................
Don’t k n o w ..............................................
None ava ila ble........................................
1 Less than 0.5 percent.
2 Because more than one response is pos
sible, the sum of the responses and percent
ages may not equal the total. Percentages are
calculated by dividing each response by the
total number of persons who answered the
question.
NOTE: Due to rounding, percentages may
not add to 100. See appendix A for types of
injuries included in the survey. Because incom
plete questionnaires were used, the total num
ber of responses may vary by question. Dashes
indicate that no data were reported.
SOURCE: Survey questionnaire.
13
Table 11. Practices and policies: Hand injuries resulting in days away from work, selected
States, January-April 1981
Workers wearing
gloves
All workers
Practice and policy
Workers
Percent
Workers
Percent
What was your employer’s policy on wearing gloves or hand
protection for the type of work you were doing at the time of
injury?
Total ...................................................................................................
894
100
247
100
Required for work being d o n e ...............................................................
Not allowed to wear any type of gloves or hand protection
for work being done .............................................................................
No p o lic y ...................................................................................................
Don’t know ...............................................................................................
108
12
92
37
88
602
96
10
67
11
3
116
36
1
47
15
What information were you given regarding gloves or other
hand protection?
Total 1 .................................................................................................
815
0
227
When and where to use th e m ...............................................................
When and where not to use th e m ........................................................
Specific type to wear for specific job ...................................................
Limitations and advantages of gloves or other hand protection ......
O th e r..........................................................................................................
Not given any information ......................................................................
130
95
82
103
1
538
16
12
10
13
(2)
66
52
18
29
33
1
129
Total 1 ....... .5...................: ................. ............................................
250
0
Supervisor or em ployer.....................................................................
C o-w orker.............................................................................................
Company safety o ffic ia l.....................................................................
Union representative .........................................................................
O th e r.....................................................................................................
180
75
43
13
11
72
30
17
5
4
63
29
20
7
2
67
31
21
7
2
T o ta l..............................................................................................
239
100
88
100
No ........................................................................................................
Y e s .......................................................................................................
Don’t k n o w ..........................................................................................
29
179
31
12
75
13
12
65
11
14
74
13
Total ...................................................................................................
796
100
236
100
Yes—available at no cost from em ployer............................................
Yes—employer pays part of c o s t..........................................................
No— must be purchased at own expense............................................
O th e r.........................................................................................................
Don’t know ...............................................................................................
414
29
246
12
95
52
4
31
2
12
138
15
77
2
4
58
6
33
1
2
O
23
8
13
15
(2)
57
If you were given information regarding gloves or other hand
protection:
a. How did you receive this information?
94
0
b. Would this information be enough to help you select the
proper type of hand protection?
Are gloves or other hand protection available from your
employer?
See footnotes at end of table.
14
Table 11. Practices and policies: Hand injuries resulting in days away from work, selected
States, January-April 1981—Continued
Workers wearing
gloves
All workers
Practice and policy
Workers
Percent
Workers
Percent
If y o u r em ployer supplies gloves, does the com pany have a
po licy o r program fo r replacing loss, w orn, o r damaged
gloves?
Total ...................................................................................................
427
100
145
100
N o ..............................................................................................................
Y e s ............................................................................................................
Don’t know ...............................................................................................
48
313
66
11
73
15
17
108
20
12
74
14
W hat actions, if any, did you r em ployer take a fte r your
accident to prevent such an injury fro m happening to others?
Total 1.................................................................................................
840
O
Investigated a c c id e n t..............................................................................
Conducted safety training or reviewed safety procedures ................
Installed safeguards (such as point of operation or barrier guards) .
Repaired or replaced equipm ent...........................................................
Warned other employees about ha za rd ...............................................
Required use of appropriate type of hand protection ........................
Warned employees not to use hand protection..................................
Other action .............................................................................................
Employer took no a c tio n ........................................................................
Don’t k n o w ...............................................................................................
254
70
40
71
235
13
7
4
177
230
30
8
5
8
28
2
1
(2)
21
27
1 Because more than one response is possible, the
sum of the responses and percentages may not equal
the total. Percentages are calculated by dividing each
response by the total number of persons who
answered the question.
2 Less than 0.5 percent.
234
62
13
14
19
63
1
5
-
48
74
0
26
6
6
8
27
(2)
2
-
21
32
NOTE: Due to rounding, percentages may not add
to 100. See appendix A for types of injuries included
in the survey.
Because incomplete questionnaires
were used, the total number of responses may vary by
question. Dashes indicate that no data were reported.
SOURCE: Survey questionnaire.
15
Table 12. Activity and use of safeguards by workers using fixed machinery or power saws:
Hand injuries resulting in days away from work, selected States, January-April 1981
Workers wearing
gloves
All workers
Activity and use of safeguard
Workers
Percent
Workers
Percent
What type of work were you doing at the time of your injury?
409
100
109
100
277
30
68
33
1
68
7
17
8
(’)
81
9
15
4
74
8
14
4
„
Total ...................................................................................................
347
100
87
100
N o ..............................................................................................................
226
100
21
65
29
6
63
20
4
72
23
5
Total ..................................................................................................
Operating machine or s a w .....................................................................
Unjamming machine, saw, or m aterial..................................................
Cleaning, repairing, servicing, etc., machine or saw ..........................
Setting up machine or saw ....................................................................
O th e r.........................................................................................................
_
Was a safeguard in use at the time of your accident?
Don’t know ...............................................................................................
If a safeguard was in use, why didn’t it prevent your injury?
Total 2
1 .................................................................................................
88
Hand passed through or under safeguard...........................................
Hand was in area of machine not protected by safeguard...............
Safeguard did not completely enclose dangerous parts of
m achine..................................................................................................
Safeguard was not in proper position at time of accident ................
Safeguard malfunctioned or broke (for example: Device did not
stop machine in time) ..........................................................................
Safeguard was improperly adjusted......................................................
Object was thrown from m a ch in e .........................................................
O th e r.........................................................................................................
Don’t k n o w ...............................................................................................
23
20
26
23
2
2
12
12
28
11
32
13
6
3
35
18
9
8
4
3
2
10
9
5
3
2
2
2
1
3
12
12
6
18
(2)
17
(2)
Were there any other safety features available at the time of
your injury?
Total 2 .................................................................................................
311
(2)
Push sticks, blocks, gripping pliers, or other holding devices...........
Hazard warning device (for example: An alarm) ...............................
Shut-off device within reach ..................................................................
O th e r.........................................................................................................
Don’t know ...............................................................................................
No other safety features available........................................................
39
1
118
5
32
132
13
0
38
2
10
42
1 Less than 0.5 percent.
2 Because more than one response is possible, the
sum of the responses and percentages may not equal
the total. Percentages are calculated by dividing each
response by the total number of persons who
answered the question.
80
6
(2)
7
-
-
27
1
9
39
34
1
11
49
NOTE: Due to rounding, percentages may not add
to 100. See appendix A for types of injuries included
in the survey.
Because incomplete questionnaires
were used, the total number of responses may vary by
question. Dashes indicate that no data were reported.
SOURCE: Survey questionnaire.
16
Table 13. Estimated days away from work: Hand injuries resulting in days away from work,
selected States, January-April 1981
Workers wearing
gloves
All workers
Days away from work
Workers
Percent
Workers
Percent
How many workdays did you (or do you expect to) lose due
to your injury? (NOTE: Do not count the day of injury, days
on light-duty work, normal days off, or holidays.)
Total 1.................................................................................................
939
100
263
100
1 to 5 days ...............................................................................................
6 to 10 d a y s .............................................................................................
11 to 15 d a y s ...........................................................................................
16 to 20 d a y s ...........................................................................................
21 to 25 d a y s ...........................................................................................
26 to 30 d a y s ............................................................................... ............
31 to 40 d a y s ...........................................................................................
41 to 60 d a y s ...........................................................................................
More than 60 d a y s ..................................................................................
254
170
105
82
61
63
60
55
19
27
18
11
9
6
7
6
6
2
56
33
37
16
24
26
22
23
6
21
13
14
6
9
10
8
9
2
Number of days away from work not estim ated.................................
70
7
20
8
Average days away from work per lost workday c a s e .............
1 Excludes five workers who retired, were laid off,
or put on permanent disability.
NOTE: Due to rounding, percentages may not add
to 100. See appendix A for types of injuries included
17
21
in the survey.
Because incomplete questionnaires
were used, the total number of responses may vary by
question,
SOURCE: Survey questionnaire.
17
Part IS. Aeeidents Resulting In
Arm, Hand, or Finger
Amputations
Summary
facturing. Within this industry group, fabricated metal
products accounted for 11 percent of the injuries; lum
ber and wood products, 8 percent; food and kindred
products, and machinery (except electrical), 7 percent
each. More than 7 out of 10 workers were employed
as either craft workers or operatives (excluding trans
port) at the time of injury. Among craft workers, two
groups sustained the greatest number of injuries: Me
chanics and repairers, 10 percent, and carpenters, 5 per
cent. Injuries among operatives were distributed about
evenly over more than 30 job classifications.
Machines were the leading source of injury. In fact,
two-thirds of the workers surveyed said they were
working with or on fixed machinery when the injury
occurred. Although numerous types of machines were
implicated in these accidents, saws and presses (other
than printing presses) accounted for the highest pro
portion of injuries, 16 and 10 percent, respectively.
Those who were injured while working with fixed
machinery or power saws were asked to describe their
activities at the time the accident occurred. About
three-fifths of these workers were actually operating
the equipment while slightly more than one-fifth were
cleaning, repairing, or servicing it.
Workers also were asked to indicate whether their
amputations were the result of cutting, crushing, or
pulling forces, or some combination of these. While
cutting and crushing actions were cited equally by all
workers, those working with fixed machinery experi
enced more amputations from cutting than crushing, as
shown in text table 3. This reflects, at least in part, the
relatively high percentage of injured workers using ma
chines such as saws, shears, slitters, and slicers.
As shown in text table 4, those working with fixed
machinery were equally likely to be injured by striking
against moving machine parts, such as saw blades; be
ing struck by moving machine parts; or getting caught
in or between machinery or work material.
Fifteen percent of the workers were injured while
lifting, carrying, or handling objects. Text tables 3 and
4 show that these workers were more than twice as
likely to suffer crushing rather than cutting injuries and
Work-related amputations involving the upper ex
tremities (arms, hands, or fingers) result in loss of man
ual dexterity often affecting workers’ job skills and
future employment opportunities. In addition, the dis
figurement and impairment of function can have social
and psychological consequences which extend beyond
the work environment. Based on the most recent data
available from the OSHA Annual Survey and the Sup
plementary Data System, an estimated 16,000 workers5
experienced finger, hand, or arm amputations in 1980.
Their injuries accounted for 96 percent of all amputa
tions. Indemnity compensation6 for the loss of a finger
averaged $3,144 per case while the loss of a hand av
eraged $13,500 and the loss of an arm, nearly $28,000.
The BLS survey of work-related arm, hand, or fin
ger amputations7indicated that nearly one-fourth of the
injured workers were under 25 years of age, and about
one-half were under 35. The injuries were distributed
equally between left and right hands, and none involved
bilateral amputations. Most amputations were limited
to fingers; four workers lost an entire hand; and three
lost all or part of an arm.
More than 3 out of 4 amputations studied were re
stricted to a single finger, most often the index or mid
dle finger. When more than one finger was involved,
it was usually some combination of the index, middle,
and ring fingers that was injured. Approximately
three-fourths of the amputations occurred within the
distal phalange,8 which is farthest from the palm and
generally considered the tip of the finger. Slightly more
than one-tenth of the workers lost one or more com
plete fingers, that is, the amputations occurred within
the proximal phalange.
Although workers in virtually all industries were sur
veyed, more than 3 out of 5 were employed in manu
5See appendix A for estimating procedure.
6Derived from 1979 indemnity compensation data provided by 12
States participating in the BLS Supplementary Data System.
7See appendix A for the survey definition and scope o f survey.
8See illustration in appendix D.
18
Text table 3. Force of amputation by activity at tom© of accident
(Number of workers)
Activity
Total
Working with
fixed
(nonportable)
machinery
Working with
industrial or
farm vehicles
Using handtool
(powered or
nonpowered)
Lifting, carrying,
or handling
objects
Other
Total ' ......................................................................
861
572
54
54
126
55
Cutting action ................................................................
Pulling fo rc e ...................................................................
Crushing fo rc e ...............................................................
Other ..............................................................................
444
96
442
2
321
64
268
19
7
37
1
37
3
17
1
43
8
92
24
14
28
Force of amputation
1 Columns do not add to total because ot multiple responses.
-
Indicates no data were reported.
Text table 4. Type of accident by activity at time of accident
(Number of workers)
Activity
Total
Working with
fixed
(nonportable)
machinery
Working with
industrial or
farm vehicles
Using handtool
(powered or
nonpowered)
Lifting, carrying,
or handling
objects
Other
T o ta l...........................................................................
861
573
54
54
126
55
Hit against moving machine part(s) .............................
Struck by moving machine pa rt(s)................................
Caught in or between machinery or o b je c ts ...............
Struck by falling, flying, or swinging o b je c t.................
Other ...............................................................................
204
215
295
130
18
180
186
194
11
2
2
8
32
11
1
16
15
10
11
2
Type of accident
-
_
-
39
85
2
6
6
20
12
11
Indicates no data were reported.
lost the entire arm. All of these amputations were on
the right side of the body. Six of the seven injuries were
the result of contact with moving machinery. Three of
the seven workers were either setting up or unjamming
equipment when their co-workers mistakenly activated
the equipment. The first was staging a piece of lumber
to be cut when a co-worker activated the saw. The in
jured worker was in such a position that a hold-down
bar trapped his hand, allowing the saw to amputate it.
The second was unjamming a piece of cutting equip
ment and asked his co-worker to run the machine back
ward to help clear it. The co-worker activated the
wrong switch and the machine ran forward, pulling the
injured worker’s hand into cutting range. The injured
worker attributed the accident to poor machine design
because the forward and reverse controls were not
clearly marked. The third worker was unjamming a
piece of farm equipment when a co-worker unexpect
edly turned on the machine. Among those remaining,
one lost a hand when feeding material into farm equip
ment, and another lost part of an arm when he slipped
and fell into a molding press. The worker injured feed
ing materials into farm equipment blamed the accident
on the fact that his mitten caught in running machin
ery, and the worker who fell into the press had slipped
in oil on the floor. Another worker, who also lost part
that about two-thirds were hurt by falling, flying, or
swinging objects. Sometimes the object being handled
was responsible for the amputation, as when one
worker’s fingers were crushed by a 55-gallon drum he
was securing in a truck. The drum shifted suddenly,
pinning his fingers to the wall of the truck. In other
instances, the object being handled was incidental to
the accident, such as when a door suddenly swung shut
and amputated the finger of a worker who was carry
ing a rack of test tubes.
Six percent of those injured were working with handtools. Text table 3 shows that nearly 7 out of 10 of
these workers experienced cutting amputations. Text
table 4 indicates their injuries most often occurred when
they struck against or were struck by moving equip
ment or machinery, usually the tools with which they
were working.
Two injuries occurred in ways that were unique and,
therefore, could not be classified as cutting, crushing,
or pulling types of amputations. In one case, a worker’s
finger was amputated by a stream of liquid under 2,250
pounds of pressure per square inch. The other worker’s
finger was twisted off by a powered handtool.
The most serious amputations were sustained by seven
workers, four of whom lost a hand at the wrist, two
who lost the lower portion of an arm, and one who
19
such as saws, planers, or power mitres. Guards on this
type of machinery are constructed to allow materials
to be fed into the equipment. It follows that if material
can be fed under the guard, so can a finger, hand, or
arm. One solution to the problem of safe materials feed
ing, often recommended by safety manuals, is to use a
holding apparatus such as gripping pliers or push sticks.
These devices are intended to allow the worker to feed
materials into machinery without getting dangerously
near moving parts. Of the 50 workers who said these
devices were available, fewer than one-third were us
ing them when the amputation occurred.
One-third of all injured workers were wearing hand
or arm protection, mostly gloves, at the time the am
putation occurred. One-half of the workers believed the
protection had no effect on the accident, often com
menting that gloves were worn to protect against other
hazards such as splinters, rope burns, or cold tempera
tures or used to improve grip. One-fourth felt gloves
were actually responsible for the accident. In those
cases, the worker invariably stated that the glove got
caught in machinery and pulled in the hand, thus caus
ing the amputation. Fewer than one-tenth of the workers
felt gloves or arm protection helped reduce the seri
ousness of the injury. Their general feeling was that,
while gloves could not have prevented the amputations,
other fingers were protected from scratches, bruises, or
cuts.
Injured workers were generally experienced in per
forming the jobs they were doing when injured.
Three-fifths had 1 or more years of experience and
nearly one-half performed the task daily or almost ev
ery day. One-tenth of the workers were injured when
performing the task for the first time.
Nearly three-fifths of the injured workers had not
received training in safely performing the tasks associ
ated with their injuries and slightly less than one-fifth
received training more than 2 years prior to the acci
dent. Those workers less familiar with the task they
were performing when injured were also less likely to
have received safety training in performing that task.
As text table 5 indicates, about 1 out of 4 less-experi
enced workers received training while 1 out of 2
workers with more than a year’s experience received
safety training.
Sixty percent of the injured workers knew of some
action that their employers took after the accident to
prevent a similar accident from happening to others. In
order of prevalence, employers: Investigated the acci
dent, 32 percent; warned other employees about the
hazard, 32 percent; repaired or replaced equipment, 15
percent; and conducted safety training, 11 percent.
Finally, it should be noted that workers’ comments
often reflected a common theme—the surprising speed
at which the amputation occurred. Many workers ex
pressed shock that such a serious accident could occur
of an arm, was caught in moving machinery while meas
uring it for replacement parts. He stated that he had
complained to his supervisor that the equipment was
still running but was ordered to perform this task since
the equipment was “running slow enough to get the
measurements.” Finally, the only worker who lost an
entire arm was a tree feller whose arm was crushed by
a log rolling downhill.
Workers cited numerous events or conditions which
they believed caused their accidents or contributed to
their injuries. Some of these factors were general in na
ture, encompassing a broad spectrum of work practices,
conditions, and human actions that could apply to many
work situations. Other factors related specifically to
machinery or tools.
Of the general factors, 29 percent of the workers felt
that the accident occurred because they did not know
their hands were in hazardous areas. This implied that
some workers were unfamiliar with the equipment they
were using when injured. For example, one worker put
his hand into a clogged snowblower exhaust, unaware
that he would contact moving blades. Other workers
were quite familiar with the equipment but unaware
that it was potentially hazardous. An example is the
worker whose fingers were amputated when a centri
fuge lid suddenly dropped shut on them. Twenty-five
percent of the workers believed that being in a hurry
to perform the job caused their accidents. They often
commented that they were hurrying because of pres
sure from supervisors or because they were working
under production quotas. One worker summarized con
ditions in his shop by stating, “You’re always in such
a hurry that safety is the last thing on your mind.”
Other general factors which workers frequently cited
as contributing to their accidents were: Work materials
breaking or shifting position, 17 percent; misjudging the
time or distance needed to avoid injury, 16 percent; in
attention, 11 percent; and insufficient instruction in
safely performing the task that led to injury, 11 percent.
Thirteen percent indicated their accidents were precipi
tated by a co-worker’s actions.
Lack of safeguards was the most common contribut
ing factor related to machinery or tools and was cited
by 17 percent of the workers. Thirteen percent attrib
uted their amputations to accidental activation of equip
ment. Twelve percent identified defective tools or ma
chines as causal factors.
Most of the workers whose accidents occurred while
working with fixed machinery stated that safeguards
-were not in use at the time of injury. When safeguards
were in use, they failed to prevent injury for several
reasons. Close to 1 out of 5 workers using safeguarded
equipment stated that the guard did not completely
cover dangerous parts, and more than 2 out of 5 workers
said their hands passed through or under the guards.
The latter situation usually involved cutting implements
20
Text table 5. Safety training by Job experience
Experience
Less than a year
Total
Safety training
1 year or more
Workers
Percent
Workers
Percent
Workers
Percent
T o ta l...........................................................................................
785
100
320
100
465
100
Received training ............................................................................
Did not receive tra in in g ..................................................................
324
461
41
59
88
232
27
73
236
229
51
49
in an instant. There was no time to take preventative
action, such as pulling their hands away or switching
off machinery. In fact, some workers seemed to believe
that reaching into moving machinery for “just a sec
ond” was not particularly dangerous because they were
exposed to the hazard for such a short period of time.
In other words, even when potential hazards were rec
ognized by the worker, there was a tendency to mini
mize them. This idea is best illustrated by the follow
ing comment: “I just put (an object) in the machine, it
made one slice and I saw it (the object) wasn’t quite in
so I just was going to push it down, just a little, it only
took a second . . . I must have put my finger out and
it got cut off.”
Table 14. Industry: Arm, hand, or finger amputations, selected States, December
1980-May 1981
Industry
Workers
Percent
Total ...................................................................................................
862
100
Agriculture, forestry, and fis h in g .... ........................................................
Mining 1 .....................................................................................................
Construction .............................................................................................
29
12
89
3
1
10
Manufacturing ..........................................................................................
Food and kindred p ro d u cts.............................................................
Tobacco manufactures ....................................................................
Textile mill products........................................................................
Apparel and other textile products.................................................
Lumber and wood products ............................................................
Furniture and fix tu re s .......................................................................
Paper and allied products ...............................................................
Printing and publishing.....................................................................
Chemicals and allied products........................................................
Petroleum and coal products..........................................................
Rubber and miscellaneous plastics p ro d u cts...............................
Leather and leather products .........................................................
Stone, clay, and glass p ro d u c ts ....................................................
Primary metal industries ..................................................................
Fabricated metal products...............................................................
Machinery, except electrical........................................................
Electric and electronic equipm ent.................................................
Transportation equipm ent............................................................
Instruments and related products ..................................................
Miscellaneous manufacturing industries.......................................
538
60
3
7
4
68
31
34
18
10
2
24
2
16
32
94
62
24
29
4
14
Transportation and public utilities .........................................................
Wholesale tra d e ....................................................................................
Retail tra d e ........................................................................................
Finance, insurance, and real estate .....................................................
Services .....................................................................................................
Other industries, not elsewhere c la s s ifie d ...........................................
21
43
50
7
63
10
1 Limited to oil and gas extraction.
2 Less than 0.5 percent.
NOTE: Due to rounding, percentages may
not add to 100. See appendix A for types of
62
7
O
1
0
8
4
4
2
1
(2)
3
( 2)
2
4
11
7
3
3
(2)
2
2
5
6
1
7
1
injuries included in the survey.
SOURCE: State workers’ compensation
reports.
21
Table 15. Source of injury: Arm, hand, or finger amputations, selected States,
December 1980-May 1981
Workers
Source of injury
Percent
Total ...................................................................................................
862
100
Boilers, pressure vessels........................................................................
1
19
19
1
1
4
25
8
2
14
30
2
13
1
(1)
2
2
(1)
(’)
o
3
1
Printing ...............................................................................................
Rolls ~.................................................................................................
S a w s ...................................................................................................
Screening, separating ......................................................................
Shears, slitters, slic e rs.....................................................................
Stitching, s e w ing...............................................................................
Weaving, knitting, spinning..............................................................
Machines, not elsewhere classified ...............................................
557
13
14
15
21
14
10
23
8
18
2
17
88
17
4
142
1
44
4
3
99
65
2
2
2
2
2
1
3
1
2
0
2
10
2
0
16
0
5
0
0
11
Mechanical power transmission apparatus..........................................
19
2
Metal ite m s ...............................................................................................
Automobile p a rts ...............................................................................
Beams, bars ......................................................................................
71
6
9
2
9
1
44
8
1
1
(’)
1
0
5
9
2
O
Ceramic ite m s ..........................................................................................
C lothin g.....................................................................................................
Packaging, wrapping ........................................................................
Picking, carding, etc...........................................................................
Planers, shapers, m olders...............................................................
Pipe ....................................................................................................
Screws, nuts, b o lts ...........................................................................
Metal items, not elsewhere classified............................................
Pumps and prime movers ......................................................................
Vehicles ....................................................................................................
Highway vehicles, pow ered.............................................................
Plant or industrial vehicles ..............................................................
Rail v e h ic le s ......................................................................................
Vehicles, not elsewhere c la ssified.................................................
46
22
22
1
1
Wood ite m s ..............................................................................................
Recreation and athletic equipm ent.......................................................
Rubber p ro d u cts......................................................................................
Miscellaneous, not elsewhere clas s ifie d ..............................................
N onclassifiable.........................................................................................
8
1
1
7
1
1
5
3
3
0
(')
1
0
(')
1
0
injuries included in the survey.
SOURCE: State workers’ compensation
reports.
' Less than 0.5 percent.
NOTE: Due to rounding, percentages may
not add to 100. See appendix A for types of
(’)
2
3
0
2
0
22
Table 1®. Age of worker: Arm, hand, or finger amputations, selected States,
December 1980-May 1981
Workers
Age
16— 19 ......................................................................................................
20—24 ......................................................................................................
25—34
.......................................
35—44
.........................................................................................
45—54
.................................................................................................
55—64 ......................................................................................................
NOTE: Due to rounding, percentages may
not add to 100. See appendix A tor types of
injuries included in the survey.
Percent
862
100
50
145
224
149
115
119
21
39
6
17
26
17
13
14
2
5
SOURCE: State workers’ compensation
reports,
Table 17. Sex of worker: Arm, hand, or finger amputations, selected States,
December 1980-fWay 1981
Sex
Workers
Total ...................................................................................................
Men ....................................................................................................
W om e n...............................................................................................
NOTE: See appendix A for types of injuries
included in the survey.
Percent
862
100
754
108
87
13
SOURCE: State workers’ compensation
reports.
23
Table 18. Occupations: Arm, hand, or finger amputations, selected States,
December 1980-May 1981
Workers
Occupation
Percent
Total ...................................................................................................
862
100
P rofessional, technical, and kindred w o rk e rs ................................
M anagers and adm inistrators, excluding farm ..............................
14
24
1
6
2
3
(')
1
269
2
1
1
6
40
1
1
1
3
1
7
31
(')
0
(’)
1
5
Clerical and kindred w o rk e rs .............................................................
C raft and kindred w o rk e rs ..................................................................
Boilermakers .....................................................................................
Brickmasons and stonem asons......................................................
C abinetm akers..................................................................................
Carpenter apprentices .....................................................................
Cement and concrete finishers.......................................................
Compositors and type sette rs..........................................................
Crane, derrick, and hoist operators ...............................................
Decorators and window dressers...................................................
Excavating, grading, and road machine operators,
excluding bulldozers......................................................................
Blue-collar worker supervisors, not elsewhere classified............
Forge and hammer operators.........................................................
Furniture and wood finishers ..........................................................
0
0
0
(’)
0
1
4
27
1
2
1
2
4
18
0
Mechanics and re paire rs.................................................................
Air-conditioning, heating, and refrigeration.................................
Aircraft m e chanics.........................................................................
Automotive body repairers............................................................
Automobile m echanics..................................................................
Farm implement m echanics.........................................................
Heavy equipment m e chanics.......................................................
Loom fix e rs .....................................................................................
Mechanic apprentices, excluding a u to ........................................
Miscellaneous mechanics and repairers.....................................
Mechanics and repairers, not spe cifie d......................................
82
1
1
1
10
3
32
1
3
17
13
10
0
0
0
1
Millers; grain, flour, fe e d ..................................................................
0
Molders, metal ..................................................................................
Painters, construction and m aintenance.......................................
Pattern and model makers, excluding p a p e r................................
Plumbers and pipefitters..................................................................
Printing press operators ..................................................................
Sheetmetal workers and tinsm iths.................................................
Stationary engineers ........................................................................
Structural metal w orkers..................................................................
Telephone installers and repairers.................................................
Telephone line installers and repairers .........................................
Tile s e tte rs .........................................................................................
Tool-and-die makers ........................................................................
U pholsterers......................................................................................
Specified craft apprentices, not elsewhere classified .................
Apprentices, not spe cifie d...............................................................
Craft and kindred workers, not elsewhere classified...................
2
13
5
2
1
3
9
7
1
3
1
1
1
10
1
1
1
2
O peratives, excluding tra n s p o rt........................................................
A ssem blers........................................................................................
Bottling and canning operatives.....................................................
Checkers, examiners, inspectors; manufacturing .......................
350
18
3
2
Inspectors, not elsewhere classified..............................................
Job-and-die setters, m e ta l...............................................................
See footnotes at end of table.
24
3
0
0
0
0
o
2
0
4
(')
0
2
2
2
1
0
0
(’)
1
1
0
0
0
0
q
0
0
(’)
0
41
2
(1)
0
Table 18. Occupations: Arm, hand, or finger amputations, seiected States,
December 1§80-May 1981 “ -Continued
Workers
Occupation
O peratives excluding tra n s p o rt— C ontinued
Clothing ironers and pressers..........................................................
Cutting operatives, not elsewhere classified ................................
Drillers, e a rth .....................................................................................
Filers, polishers, sanders, buffers ..................................................
Furnace tenders, smelters, and pourers; m e ta l..........................
Laundry and drycleaning operatives, not elsewhere
c la ssified.........................................................................................
Meatcutters and butchers, excluding m anufacturing...................
Meatcutters and butchers, m anufacturing.....................................
Meat wrappers, retail trade .............................................................
Mine operatives, not elsewhere classified ....................................
Mixing operatives..............................................................................
Oilers and greasers, excluding auto ..............................................
Packers and wrappers, excluding re ta il.........................................
Painters, manufactured articles ......................................................
Drill press operatives .......................................................................
Grinding machine operatives ..........................................................
Lathe and milling machine op eratives...........................................
Precision machine operatives, not elsewhere classified.............
Punch and stamping press operatives ..........................................
Riveters and fasteners.....................................................................
Percent
1
16
6
2
1
O
2
1
0
0
0
Sewers and stitchers ........................................................................
Shoemaking machine operatives ...................................................
Furnace tenders and stokers, excluding metal ............................
Carding, lapping, and combing operatives....................................
Knitters, loopers, and toppers ........................................................
Spinners, twisters, and w in d e rs......................................................
Welders and flame c u tte rs ..............................................................
Winding operatives, not elsewhere classified...............................
Machine operatives, miscellaneous specified...............................
Machine operatives, not specified..................................................
Miscellaneous operatives ................................................................
Operatives, not specified.................................................................
2
10
6
1
2
5
3
9
1
5
5
6
5
33
1
21
2
1
1
1
1
1
16
2
83
24
44
10
Transp ort equipm ent o p e ra tiv e s ..... .............................................
Delivery and route workers .............................................................
Forklift and tow motor operatives ..................................................
Truckdrivers.......................................................................................
20
2
4
14
2
(')
0
2
Laborers, excluding f a r m ....................................... .............................
Animal caretakers, excluding fa r m .................................................
Carpenter h e lp ers.............................................................................
Construction laborers, excluding carpenter helpers ....................
Freight, material handlers................................................................
Garbage colle c to rs ...........................................................................
Gardeners and groundskeepers, excluding farm .........................
Timber cutting and logging w orke rs...............................................
Stock ha ndlers..................................................................................
Vehicle and equipment cle a n e rs ....................................................
Warehouse laborers, not elsewhere classified.............................
Miscellaneous la b o re rs....................................................................
Laborers, not specified ....................................................................
128
1
1
11
12
4
9
2
5
4
4
52
23
15
0
(1)
1
1
0
1
0
1
0
0
6
3
Farmers and farm m a n a g e rs ...................... ........................................
Farm laborers and farm laborer s u p e rv is o rs .................................
Service w orkers, excluding private household .............................
N o n c la s s ifia b le .... ...................................................................................
1
11
29
9
1 Less than 0.5 percent.
NOTE: Due to rounding, percentages may
not add to 100. See appendix A for types of
1
1
0
0
1
(1)
1
(1)
1
1
1
1
4
0
2
0
0
0
0
0
(’)
2
0
10
3
5
1
0
1
3
1
injuries included in the survey.
SOURCE: State workers’ compensation
reports.
25
Tab!© 1®. Activity and type of accident: Arm, hand, or finger amputations, selected
States, December 19®0~IMay 1981
Activity and type
Workers
Percent
W hat w ere you doing at the tim e o f y o u r injury?
Total
Working with or on fixed (nonportable) machinery or equipment
Operating or repairing industrial or farm v eh icle s.........................
Using powered handtooi (for example: Portable drill, portable
s a w )..................................................................................................
Using nonpowered hand tool (for example: Knife, ham m er).......
Lifting, carrying, or handling o b je c ts ...............................................
O th e r...................................................................................................
862
100
573
54
66
6
41
13
126
55
5
2
15
862
100
204
215
24
25
295
130
18
34
15
2
861
(1)
444
96
442
2
52
11
51
O
6
How did y o u r am putation occur?
Total ............................................
Fingers, hand, or arm hit against moving machine p a rt(s).........
Fingers, hand, or arm were struck by moving machine part(s) ..
Fingers, hand, or arm were caught in or between machinery or
o b je c ts .............................................................................................
Flying, falling, or swinging object struck fingers, hand, or arm ...
Occurred in other w a y .....................................................................
By w hat means did the ob je ct cause y o u r am putation?
Total 1 ...................................................................................
Cutting action .
Pulling force ...
Crushing force
O th e r..............
1 Because more than one response is pos
sible, the sum of the responses and percent
ages may not equal the total. Percentages are
calculated by dividing each response by the
total number of persons who answered the
question.
2 Less than 0.5 percent.
NOTE: Due to rounding, percentages may
not add to 100. See appendix A for types of
injuries included in the survey.
SOURCE: Survey questionnaire.
26
Table 20. Conditions or events contributing to injury: Arm, hand, or finger
amputations, selected States, December 1980-R/iay 1981
Workers
Condition or event
Percent
Indicate any con ditions or events w hich you feel led to you r
injury.
861
O
246
212
29
25
147
146
138
110
110
106
17
17
16
13
13
12
Gloves, clothing, jewelry, or watch got caught in the equipm ent.....
Recent change in work routine or procedures....................................
Tool or machinery had been altered or modified at the job site
(for example: Barrier guard removed) ..............................................
94
93
85
74
72
72
70
11
11
10
9
8
8
8
70
8
Unfamiliar with tool or equipment u s e d ................................................
View of hand blocked by part of machine or other o b je c t................
Tool or machinery broke or m alfunctioned..........................................
Lost balance, slipped, or fe ll..................................................................
Hand/finger(s) pulled into machine by work material ........................
Upset or under s tre s s .............................................................................
Tool or machinery continued to run after being shut off (coasting)..
Other factors contributed to injury ........................................................
67
60
53
50
44
44
43
35
8
7
6
6
5
5
5
4
Using wrong type of tool or equipment for j o b ...................................
Machine power not turned o f f ...............................................................
Reacted to loud noise or other distraction ..........................................
Accidentally hit foot p e d a l......................................................................
Tired or b o re d ..........................................................................................
Task not being done according to instructions...................................
Cleaning tool, cloth, or rag got caught in the equipm ent..................
Safeguard fa ile d .......................................................................................
Visibility poor due to inadequate lighting, dust, or g la re ....................
32
30
28
28
22
21
21
20
18
4
3
3
3
3
2
2
2
2
No contributing factors indicated ..........................................................
27
3
Did not realize hand was in hazardous a re a .......................................
Tool or machinery not equipped with safeguard (such as a
barrier gu ard).........................................................................................
Work material shifted position or b ro k e ...............................................
Misjudged time or distance needed to avoid in ju ry ............................
Co-worker did something that caused your injury...............................
Tool or machinery accidentally activated.............................................
Tool or equipment was in bad condition (for example: Dull blade) .
Little or no instructions given on how to do task ...............................
Attention not fully on ta s k ......................................................................
Tool, machinery, or work material shifted position or slipped...........
Not looking at hand ................................................................................
' Because more than one response is pos
sible, the sum of the responses and percent
ages may not equal the total. Percentages are
calculated by dividing each response by the
total number of persons who answered the
question.
NOTE: Due to rounding, percentages may
not add to 100. See appendix A for types of
injuries included in the survey.
SOURCE: Survey questionnaire.
27
Talbl© 21. Fart of upper extremity amputated: Arm, hand, ©r finger amputations, selected States,
December 1980-May 1981
Left side
Total
Right side
Part amputated
Workers
Percent
Workers
Percent
Percent
Workers
T o ta l........................................................................
862
100
426
100
436
100
Finger(s)..........................................................................
855
99
426
100
429
98
One finger o n ly ..........................................................
T h um b.....................................................................
In d e x .......................................................................
M id d le .....................................................................
R in g .........................................................................
Little ........................................................................
685
112
210
176
109
78
79
13
24
20
13
9
339
48
96
84
71
40
80
11
23
20
17
9
346
64
114
92
38
38
79
15
26
21
9
9
Two fing ers.................................................................
Middle and rin g ......................................................
Index and m idd le...................................................
Ring and little 1 ......................................................
Other two-finger com binations............................
106
39
36
16
15
12
5
4
2
2
48
18
17
6
7
11
4
4
1
2
58
21
19
10
8
13
5
4
2
2
Three fin g e rs ..............................................................
Index, middle, and rin g .........................................
Middle, ring, and little 1 .........................................
Other three-finger com binations..........................
39
21
14
4
5
2
2
(2)
24
11
9
4
6
3
2
1
15
10
5
-
3
2
1
-
Four fin g e rs ................................................................
Thumb, index, middle, and rin g ...........................
Thumb, middle, ring, and little .............................
Index, middle, ring, and little 3 .............................
22
3
1
18
3
(2)
13
2
3
(2)
9
1
1
7
2
(2)
(2)
2
Five fing ers.................................................................
3
(2)
2
1
(2)
W ris t................................................................................
4
(2)
-
-
4
Lower arm (between wrist and elbow) .......................
2
(2)
-
-
2
(2)
Upper arm (between elbow and shoulder) ................
1
(2)
-
-
1
(2)
1 Includes 1 case in which a portion of the metacarpal
or palm area was also lost.
2 Less than 0.5 percent.
3 Includes 2 cases in which a portion of the metacarpal
or palm area was also lost.
0
2
-
-
11
3
(2)
1
NOTE: Due to rounding, percentages may not add to
100. See appendix A for types of injuries included in the
survey. Dashes indicate that no data were reported.
SOURCE: Survey questionnaire.
28
Table 22. Part of finger amputated:1 Arm, hand, or finger amputations, selected
States, December 1980-May 1981
Part of finger(s) amputated
Workers
Percent
Total ...................................................................................................
855
100
Cases involving one finger
Proximal phalange............................................................................
Middle phalange ...............................................................................
Distal phalange .................................................................................
68
90
527
8
11
62
Cases involving multiple fingers
Proximal phalanges only 2 ...............................................................
Middle phalanges o n ly .....................................................................
Distal phalanges o n ly .......................................................................
18
20
74
2
2
9
Proximal and middle phalanges......................................................
Proximal and distal phalanges........................................................
Middle and distal phalanges...........................................................
12
12
29
1
1
3
Proximal, middle, and distal phalanges.........................................
5
1
1 See appendix D for a detailed illustration of
the parts of the hand.
2 Includes 4 cases in which a portion of the
metacarpal or palm area was also lost.
NOTE: Due to rounding, percentages may
not add to 100. See appendix A for types of
injuries included in the survey.
SOURCE: Survey questionnaire.
Table 23. Use of hand or arm protection: Arm, hand, or finger amputations,
selected States, December 1980-May 1981
Use of protection
Workers
Percent
Were you wearing any type of hand or arm protection at the
time of your injury?
Total ...................................................................................................
855
100
N o ..............................................................................................................
Yes ............................................................................................................
582
273
68
32
Total ...................................................................................................
251
100
Reduced the seriousness of the injury.................................................
Caused the accident (for example: Glove pulled into m a c h in e ry )..
No effect on the injury............................................................................
Don’t k n o w ...............................................................................................
19
62
129
41
8
25
51
16
If you were wearing hand or arm protection, what effect do
you feel it had on the accident?
NOTE: Due to rounding, percentages may
not add to 100. See appendix A for types of
injuries included in the survey,
SOURCE: Survey questionnaire.
29
Table 24. Work experience and safety practices: Arm, hand, or finger amputations,
selected States, December 1980-May 1981
Experience and safety practice
Workers
Percent
How long had you been performing the type of work you
were doing when injured?
Total ...................................................................................................
840
100
First time you did this type of work ......................................................
Less than 1 m o n th ..................................................................................
1 to 6 months ..........................................................................................
6 months to 1 y e a r..................................................................................
81
65
116
72
203
303
10
8
14
9
24
36
Total ...................................................................................................
821
100
First time you did this type of work ......................................................
Seldom— less than once a m o nth.........................................................
About once a month ...............................................................................
One or more times a w e e k ....................................................................
Daily or almost every d a y .......................................................................
81
116
60
165
399
10
14
7
20
49
Total ...................................................................................................
785
100
N o ...............................................................................................................
Yes— less than 6 months a g o ...............................................................
Yes—6 months to 1 year ago ...............................................................
Yes— 1 to 2 years a g o ............................................................................
Yes— more than 2 years a g o .................................................................
461
112
29
38
145
59
14
4
5
18
Total 1 ..................................................................................................
813
O
Investigated a c c id e n t..............................................................................
Conducted safety training or reviewed safety procedures ................
Installed safeguards (such as point of operation or barrier
guards) ...................................................................................................
Repaired or replaced equipm ent...........................................................
Told co-workers NOT to wear hand or arm protection (gloves, etc.)
Warned other employees about ha za rd ...............................................
Other action .............................................................................................
Employer took no action ........................................................................
Don't know ...............................................................................................
263
93
32
11
94
123
12
261
10
87
232
12
15
1
32
1
11
29
5 years or m o re .......................................................................................
How frequently did you do this type of work?
Prior to your accident, did you receive safety training on how
to perform this task?
What actions, if any, did your employer take after your
accident to prevent such an injury from happening to others?
1 Because more than one response is pos
sible, the sum of the responses and percent
ages may not equal the total. Percentages are
calculated by dividing each response by the
total number of persons who answered the
question.
NOTE: Due to rounding, percentages may
not add to 100. See appendix A for types of
injuries included in the survey.
SOURCE: Survey questionnaire.
30
Table 25. Activity and use of safeguards by workers using fixed machinery or
power saws: Arm, hand, or finger amputations, selected States,
December 1980-Wiay 1981
Workers
Activity and use of safeguard
Percent
What type of work were you doing at the time of your injury?
Operating machine or s a w ............................................... ......................
Unjamming machine, saw, or m aterial..................................................
Cleaning, repairing, servicing, etc., machine or saw ..........................
Setting up machine or s a w .................................................... ................
599
100
371
53
131
39
5
62
9
22
7
1
475
100
331
116
28
70
24
6
105
0
Was a safeguard in use at the time of your accident?
No
..........................................................................................................
If a safeguard was in use, why didn’t it prevent your injury?
Hand passed through or under safeguard...........................................
Hand was in area of machine not protected by safeguard...............
Safeguard did not completely enclose dangerous parts of
m achine..................................................................................................
Safeguard was not in proper position at time of accident ................
Safeguard malfunctioned or broke (for example: Device did not
stop machine in time) ..........................................................................
Safeguard was improperly ad ju sted......................................................
O th e r................................................................. ........................................
45
9
43
9
20
15
19
14
13
3
4
6
12
3
4
6
Were there any other safety features available at the time of
your injury?
Total 1 .................................................................................................
395
0
Push sticks, blocks, gripping pliers, or other holding devices...........
Hazard warning device (for example: An alarm) ...............................
Shut off device within reach ..................................................................
O th e r.........................................................................................................
Don’t know ...............................................................................................
No other safety features ava ila ble........................................................
50
2
109
2
49
202
13
1
28
1
12
51
Total ...................................................................................................
48
100
N o ..............................................................................................................
Yes ............................................................................................................
33
15
69
31
Were you using push sticks, etc. at the time of your injury?
1 Because more than one response is pos
sible, the sum of the responses and percent
ages may not equal the total. Percentages are
calculated by dividing each response by the
total number of persons who answered the
question.
NOTE: Due to rounding, percentages may
not add to 100. See appendix A for types of
injuries included in the survey.
SOURCE: Survey questionnaire.
31
Appendix A.
Explanatory
reports which were within the scope of the survey.
Fifty-one percent of these workers responded to the
mail questionnaire. The amputation survey was con
ducted by 23 States and extended from December 1980
to May 1981, with 1,528 in-scope cases selected for the
survey. The response rate was 56 percent.
Although data were aggregated for all participating
States, it should be noted that the workers’ compensa
tion cases selected for study reflect differences in State
reporting requirements. For example, some participat
ing States require reporting of workers’ compensation
cases involving medical treatment regardless of lost
time, while others limit reporting to cases involving lost
time ranging from 1 to 8 days.
No attempt was made to weight the data collected
so that they would be representative of all hand or am
putation injuries. Although participating States pro
vided a broad geographical and industrial mix, they
were not selected statistically to represent the country
as a whole. Moreover, collection for each survey was
terminated when responses exceeded 750 cases.
Based on other data sources, estimates were devel
oped for hand injuries which met the survey definition,
while estimates developed for upper extremity ampu
tations relate to all such disabling amputations. These
estimates were computed by using the number of dis
abling in-scope hand injuries or upper extremity ampu
tations reported by 18 States participating in the Sup
plementary Data System for 1980 and the total number
of lost workday cases as shown in O cc u p a tio n a l In ju ries
a n d Illn esses in th e U n ite d S ta te s b y In d u stry, 19 8 0 , BLS
Bulletin 2130 (1982):
(Number of disabling in-scope hand injuries)/(Total
number of disabling cases) x (Total number of lost
workday cases) =Total number of disabling in-scope
hand injuries
(Number of disabling upper extremity amputa tio n s )/(T o ta l num ber o f disabling cases)
x (Total number of lost workday cases) =Total number
of disabling upper extremity amputations.
Characteristics of the injury and the person injured
were classified and tabulated for all in-scope respond
ents based on information furnished by the employer in
workers’ compensation reports.
The scope of the hand and amputation surveys ex
tended to all industries except coal and metallic and
nonmetallic mining. Cases were excluded from the sur
veys if the injury resulted in a fatality or if more than
120 days had elapsed between the time of injury and
the beginning of the survey.
The survey of h a n d in ju ries was designed to develop
information on specific injuries to the hand (including
the fingers) resulting in 1 or more days away from work.
The injuries were limited to cuts, lacerations, punctures,
scratches, abrasions, fractures, and chemical or heat
burns. In addition, the types of accidents were limited
to: Struck by or against; caught in, under, or between;
rubbed or abraded; contact with temperature extremes;
and contact with toxic substances. The survey was con
fined to workers who were employed in craft occupa
tions or as operatives, including transport equipment
operatives; and laborers, including farm laborers. Ma
jor exclusions from the survey of hand injuries were:
Cases involving only medical treatment or first aid;
white-collar occupations; all illness cases such as der
matitis; certain kinds of injuries, notably bruises and
sprains; and injuries resulting from motor vehicle acci
dents or falls. The BLS Supplementary Data System,
which utilizes workers’ compensation reports as a data
base, indicated that about one-half of the disabling hand
injuries fell within the scope of this survey.
The survey of work-related arm , hand, o r fin g e r a m
p u ta tio n s included all occupations. However, any am
putation incurred as the result of a highway motor ve
hicle or public transportation accident was excluded.
For purposes of this survey, amputations were defined
as injuries resulting in loss of bone either at the worksite
or as a result of surgical amputation. In addition, cases
resulting in surgical reattachment were considered to
be in the scope of the survey, assuming all other crite
ria were met.
To identify injury cases within the scope of the sur
veys, participating State agency staffs reviewed em
ployers’ reports of injuries required by State workers’
compensation laws and mailed questionnaires to injured
workers selected for study. Response to the survey was
voluntary. During the hand injury survey period, Janu
ary-April 1981, 22 State agencies identified 1,865 injury
32
Appendix B„ Participating
State Ageneies
Arizona Industrial Commission
Arkansas Department of Labor
California Department of Industrial Relations
Colorado Department of Labor and Employment
Delaware Department of Labor
Hawaii Department of Labor and Industrial Relations
Idaho Industrial Commission
Indiana Division of Labor
Iowa Bureau of Labor
Kentucky Department of Labor
Maine Department of Manpower Affairs
Massachusetts Department of Labor and Industries
Michigan Department of Labor
33
Missouri Department of Labor and Industrial
Relations
Montana Department of Labor and Industry
Nebraska Workmen’s Compensation Court
New Jersey Department of Labor and Industry
(amputation survey only)
Ohio Industrial Commission
Tennessee Department of Labor
Utah Industrial Commission
Virginia Department of Labor and Industry
Washington Department of Labor and Industries
Wisconsin Department of Industry, Labor and
Human Relations
Apptmdnx C. Syirwey Questionnaires
U.S. Department of Labor
Bureau o f Labor Statistics
W ork In ju ry R eport
A ccidents Involving Hand injuries
T h e i n fo r m a tio n c o lle c te d o n th is fo r m b y th e B u re a u o f
L a b o r S ta tis tic s an d th e S ta te A g e n c ie s c o o p e r a tin g in its sta tis tic a l p ro g ra m w i ll b e h e ld in c o n fid e n c e a n d w i ll b e used
f o r s ta tis tic a l p u rp o s e s o n ly .
This re p o rt is autho rize d b y la w 2 9 U.S.C. 2.
Y our vo lu n ta ry cooperation is needed to make
the results o f this survey comprehensive,
accurate, and tim ely.
F o rm A p p ro v e d
O .M .B . N o . 4 4 R -1 6 1 4
D a te o f
A c c id e n t
Case N u m b e r .
S ta te
I. WORK ACTIVITY AT TIME OF INJURY
NOTE: T H E T E R M " H A N D " R E F E R S T O
IN J U R IE S T O T H E H A N D ,
I f y o u w e re u s in g a t o o l o r m a c h in e r y , c h e c k w h e th e r a n y o f th e
fo llo w in g c o n tr ib u te d t o y o u r in ju r y .
F IN G E R O R F I N G E R N A I L .
(Check a ll th a t a p p ly and e xplain below , i f possible.)
A.
W h a t w e re y o u d o in g a t th e tim e o f y o u r in ju r y ? (Check one.)
1.
□ W o r k in g w i t h o r o n f ix e d ( n o n p o r ta b le ) m a c h in e r y o r e q u ip m e n t
(Describe—f o r e x a m p le : m e ta l la th e , p u n c h press, c o n v e y o r )
CD
2.
3.
□
4.
5.
6.
□
□
O
7.
□
1. CU T o o l o r m a c h in e ry a c c id e n ta lly a c tiv a te d
2 . CD A c c id e n ta lly h i t f o o t pe da l
3. C
U T o o l o r m a c h in e r y c o n tin u e d t o ru n a f te r b e in g s h u t o f f
(c o a s tin g )
4 . CD T o o l o r m a c h in e r y b r o k e o r m a lfu n c tio n e d
5 . D T o o l, m a c h in e r y o r w o r k m a te ria l s h ifte d p o s itio n o r s lip p e d
6. C
U T o o l o r m a c h in e r y h a d b e e n a lte r e d o r m o d if ie d a t th e j o b s ite
( f o r e x a m p le : b a r rie r g u a rd re m o v e d )
7 . CD T o o l o r m a c h in e r y n o t e q u ip p e d w i t h s a fe g u a rd (su ch as a
b a r rie r gu a rd )
8 . CD S a fe g u a rd fa ile d
9 . CU N o n e o f th e a b o ve
O p e r a tin g o r re p a ir in g in d u s tr ia l o r fa rm v e h ic le s
U s in g p o w e re d h a n d t o o l ( f o r e x a m p le : p o r ta b le d r i l l, p o r ta b le
saw )
U s in g n o n - p o w e r e d h a n d t o o l ( f o r e x a m p le : k n ife , h a m m e r)
L if t in g , c a r r y in g o r h a n d lin g o b je c ts
W o r k in g w i t h c h e m ic a ls
O th e r (Describe)
_______________________________________________
(E xp la in ): _ _ _ __________________________________________________ _
B.
C.
H ow
1. □
2. D
3. □
4. D
5. □
6 . CD
7. CD
w as y o u r h a n d in ju re d ? (Check one.)
H a n d h i t a g a in s t m o v in g m a c h in e p a rt(s )
H a n d w as s tr u c k b y m o v in g m a c h in e pa rt(s )
H a n d w a s c a u g h t in o r b e tw e e n m a c h in e r y o r o b je c ts
F ly in g , fa llin g o r s w in g in g o b je c t s tr u c k ha n d
S t r u c k h a n d a g a in s t n o n - m o v in g o b je c t
C h e m ic a l, c a u s tic o r a c id b u r n e d h a n d
O c c u rr e d in o t h e r w a y (D e s c rib e ) ----------------------------------------------------
H . D e s c rib e a n y o t h e r fa c to r s w h ic h c o n tr ib u te d t o y o u r in ju r y .
I.
D e s c rib e th e o b je c t, m a c h in e p a r t o r c h e m ic a l t h a t in ju re d y o u ( fo r
e x a m p le : b a n d s aw b la d e , k n ife b la d e , c o n v e y o r b e lt, n i t r i c a c id ).
D . D o a n y o f th e fo llo w in g e x p la in w h y y o u r h a n d c a m e in c o n ta c t w it h
th is o b je c t o r c h e m ic a l? (Check a ll th a t apply.)
1. CD M is ju d g e d tim e o r d is ta n c e n e ed ed t o a v o id In ju r y
2 . CD H a n d s lip p e d
3 . CD N o t lo o k in g at hand
4 . CD L o s t b a la n c e , s lip p e d o r fe ll
5 . CD R e a c te d t o lo u d n o is e o r o t h e r d is tr a c tio n
6 . □ G lo v e s , c lo th in g . J e w e lry o r w a tc h g o t c a u g h t in th e e q u ip m e n t
7 . □ C le a n in g t o o l , c lo th o r rag g o t c a u g h t in th e e q u ip m e n t
8 . CD D id n o t r e a liz e h a n d w as in h a z a rd o u s area
9 . CD N o n e o f th e ab o v e
J.
E. W ere th e r e a n y w o r k c o n d itio n s w h ic h y o u fe el led t o y o u r in ju r y ?
F.
1. □
L e ft handed
2. □
R ig h t h a n d e d
(Check one.)
U s in g w r o n g ty p e o f t o o l o r e q u ip m e n t f o r jo b
T o o l o r e q u ip m e n t w as in b a d c o n d itio n ( f o r e x a m p le : d u ll b la de )
V i s i b i l i t y p o o r d u e t o in a d e q u a te lig h tin g , d u s t o r gla re
V ie w o f h a n d b lo c k e d b y p a r t o f m a c h in e o r o t h e r o b je c t
R e c e n t cha n g e in w o r k r o u tin e o r p ro c e d u re s
U n fa m ilia r w i t h t o o l o r e q u ip m e n t used
C o - w o r k e r d id s o m e th in g t h a t caused y o u r in ju r y (E xplain)
CD
8.
A r e y o u l e f t o r r ig h t h a n d e d ?
R ig h t h a n d
K . W h a t w as y o u r e m p lo y e r 's p o lic y o n w e a rin g g lo ves o r o t h e r h a n d p r o
te c tio n f o r th e ty p e o f w o r k y o u w e re d o in g a t th e tim e o f th e in ju r y ?
(Check a ll th a t a p p ly.)
1. CD
2 . CD
3. □
4. D
5. D
6. D
7 . CJ
M a rk w h e re y o u r h a n d (s ) w a s in ju re d .
1.
L e ft hand
2.
1 . CD
R e q u ire d for w o r k b e in g d o n e
N o t a llo w e d t o w e a r a n y t y p e o f g lo ves o r h a n d p r o te c t io n f o r
w o r k b e in g d o n e
3*. CD N o policy
4.
□ D o n 't k n o w
2. □
L . W ere y o u w e a rin g glo ve s o r o t h e r h a n d p r o te c t io n a t th e tim e o f y o u r
in ju r y ?
_
1.
□ N o 2 . CD Y e s —o n b o th h a n d s
3 . CD Y e s —o n o n e h a n d o n ly
N o n e o f th e ab o v e
In d ic a te w h e th e r a n y o f th e fo llo w in g fa c to rs c o n tr ib u te d t o y o u r
in ju r y . (Check a ll th a t apply.)
1. □ A t t e n t i o n n o t f u l l y o n ta s k
2 . □ T a s k n o t b e in g d o n e a c c o rd in g t o in s tr u c tio n s
3 . CD L i t t le o r n o in s tr u c tio n s g iv e n o n h o w t o d o ta s k
4 . CD T ire d o r b o re d
5 . CD In a h u r r y
6 . CD U p s e t o r u n d e r stress
7 . CD N o n e o f th e ab o v e
IF YOU WERE WEARING GLOVES OR OTHER HAND PRO
TECTION, COMPLETE SECTION II.
IF YOU WERE /VOTW EARING GLOVES OR OTHER HAND
PROTECTION, SKIP SECTION II. AN D COMPLETE
SECTION III. ON THE REVERSE SIDE.
II. IF YOU WERE WEARING GLOVES OR OTHER HAND PROTECTION, ANSWER THE FOLLOWING QUESTIONS
A . In d ic a te th e t y p e o f g lo ves o r o t h e r h a n d p r o te c t io n y o u w e re w e a rin g
w h e n in ju re d . (Check one.)
1. CD L e a th e r glo v e s
2. CD L ig h t c o t t o n o r fa b r ic gloves
3 . CD H e a v y d u t y can vas glo ves
4 . □ G lo v e s f o r use w i t h c h e m ic a ls
5. CD G e n e ra l p u rp o s e ru b b e r c o a te d gloves
6 . □ T h in r u b b e r (s u rg ic a l) g lo ves
7 . CD S te e l m esh glo ves
8 . CD A s b e s to s g lo ves
9.
D
10 . CD
□
1 1 . CD
(Check a ll th a t apply.)
1 . CD
2.
3.
4.
□
□
CD
C o ld temperatures
B u rn s f r o m h e a t, h o t o b je c ts o r f ir e
C h e m ic a l b u rn s o r d e r m a titis
C u ts , s p lin te r s , b lis te rs , scra tch e s, f r i c t i o n o r ro p e b u rn s
5.
6.
CD
CD
O th e r (D escribe) _________________________ _____________________ _
D o n 't k n o w
D . W h a t e f fe c t d o y o u fe e l th e glo ves o r o t h e r h a n d p r o te c t io n h a d o n th e
a c c id e n t? (Check one and explain below , i f possible.)
1. CD R e d u c e d th e seriou sne ss o f t h e in ju r y
2 . LJ C aused th e a c c id e n t ( f o r e x a m p le : g lo v e p u lle d in t o m a c h in e )
3 . U C o n tr ib u t e d t o th e in ju r y ( f o r e x a m p le : g lo v e c u t, b u r n e d o r
s c ra tc h e d s k in )
4 . CD N o e f fe c t o n th e in ju r y
5. CD D o n 't k n o w
O th e r (D escribe) ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------D o n 't k n o w
B. In d ic a te w h y th e g lo ves o r o th e r h a n d p r o te c t io n d id n o t p r e v e n t y o u r
i n ju r y . (Check a ll th a t a p p ly.)
1. CD G lo v e s w e re to r n , p u n c tu r e d o r c u t th ro u g h b y o b je c t
2 . CD O b je c t o r c h e m ic a l w e n t u n d e r o r a ro u n d glo ves
3 . CD C h e m ic a l, h o t o b je c t o r f i r e b u rn e d th ro u g h glo ves
4 . CD C h e m ic a l s o a k e d th r o u g h g lo v e w it h o u t d a m a g in g i t
5. □
H a n d w as c ru s h e d , s c ra tc h e d o r a b ra d e d in s id e th e g lo v e
6 . LJ H e a t o r c o ld p e n e tra te d glo v e s
7 . CD G lo v e s c a u g h t in m a c h in e a n d p u lle d h a n d in
8 . CD In ju r e d area n o t c o v e re d b y h a n d p r o te c tio n
9 . CD G lo v e s w e re in ba d c o n d itio n b e fo re a c c id e n t
10.
C. W h a t w e re th e g lo ves y o u w e re w e a rin g in te n d e d t o p r o te c t ag ain st?
(E xp la in ) : ____________________________ _______________________________ _
E. D o y o u fe e l a n o th e r ty p e o f g lo v e o r o t h e r h a n d p r o te c t io n c o u ld have
p re v e n te d y o u r in ju r y ?
1. □ N o
2. □
O th e r (D escribe) ______________________________________ __________
D o n 't k n o w
3.
CD
Y e s—i f yes, w e re th e y a v a ila b le a t th e Job s ite w h e n in ju re d ?
a.
CD N o b . CD Yes
c. CD D o n 't k n o w
D o n 't k n o w
(E xplain) : ________________________________________________________________
CONTINUE W ITH SECTION IV. ON THE REVERSE SIDE.
h i q 1m
in c p o m h o r 1QRO)
“
34
i n . IF Y O U W E R E M O T W E A R IN G G L O V E S O R O T H E R H A N D P R O T E C T IO N , A N S W E R T H E F O L L O W IN G Q U E S T IO N S
W h a t t y p e o f g lo v e s o r o t h e r h a n d p r o t e c t io n , i f a n y , w e r e a v a ila b le a t
th e w o r k s it e w h e n y o u r i n j u r y o c c u r re d ? (C heck a ll th a t a p p ly .)
1. □
2. □
3. □
G lo v e s f o r use w i t h c h e m ic a ls
4. □
5. □
6. □
7. □
8. □
In d ic a t e w h y y o u w e r e n o t w e a rin g g lo v e s o r o t h e r h a n d p r o t e c t io n a t th e
t i m e o f y o u r i n j u r y . (C heck a ll th a t a p p ly .)
1 . ED N o t a llo w e d t o w e a r th e m
2. CD N o t p r a c tic a l or h a r d to w o r k w i t h th e m o n
3 . CD D id n o t t h in k t h e y w e r e n e e d e d
4 . CD N o t r e q u ir e d t o w e a r
5 . □ T o o k t h e m o f f im m e d ia t e ly b e fo r e t h e a c c id e n t
6 . CD U n s a fe t o w e a r g lo v e s f o r th e w o r k y o u w e r e d o in g
7.
O th e r (D e s c rib e ) ---------------------- -------------------------------------------------------------------
□
9.
I0 .
11.
□
□
□
D o n 't k n o w
C O N T IN U E W IT H SECTION IV .
IV .
IN F O R M A T I O N A N D T R A I N I N G ______________________________________
C . A r e g lo v e s o r o t h e r h a n d p r o t e c t io n a v a ila b le f r o m y o u r e m p lo y e r ?
A . W h a t i n f o r m a t i o n w e r e y o u g iv e n re g a r d in g g lo v e s o r o t h e r h a n d
p r o t e c t io n ? (C heck a ll th a t a p p ly .)
1 . CD W h e n a n d w h e r e t o use th e m
2 . CD W h e n a n d w h e r e n o t t o use th e m
3 . D S p e c if ic t y p e t o w e a r f o r s p e c ific j o b
4 . CD L i m i t a t io n s a n d a d v a n ta g e s o f g lo v e s o r o t h e r h a n d p o r t e c t io n
5.
6.
B.
□
CD
(C heck on e .)
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
O th e r (D e scrib e ). ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------N o t g iv e n a n y i n f o r m a t i o n
□
CD
(C heck a ll th a t a p p ly .)
W o u ld t h is i n f o r m a t i o n b e e n o u g h t o h e lp y o u s e le c t th e p r o p e r t y p e
o f h a n d p r o t e c t io n ?
a. CD N o
b . CD Y e s
c . CD D o n 't k n o w
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
D
8.
9.
ED
O
O
O
O
O
CD
□
10. CD
V.
O th e r (D e s c rib e )_______________________________________________
D o n 't k n o w
E . W h a t a c t io n s , i f a n y , d i d y o u r e m p lo y e r ta k e a f t e r y o u r a c c id e n t t o
p r e v e n t s u c h an i n j u r y f r o m h a p p e n in g t o o th e rs ?
CD
A.
Y e s —a v a ila b le a t n o c o s t f r o m e m p lo y e r
Y e s —e m p lo y e r p a y s p a r t o f c o s t
N o —m u s t b e p u r c h a s e d a t o w n e x p e n s e
D . I f y o u r e m p lo y e r s u p p lie s g lo v e s , d o e s t h e c o m p a n y h a v e a p o l i c y o r
p r o g r a m f o r r e p la c in g lo s t, w o r n o r d a m a g e d g lo v e s ?
1.
CD N o
2 . 0 Yes
3 . 0 D o n 't k n o w
I f y o u w e r e g iv e n i n f o r m a t i o n re g a r d in g g lo v e s o r o t h e r h a n d p r o t e c t io n :
1. H o w d i d y o u re c e iv e t h is i n f o r m a t io n ? (C heck a ll th a t a p p ly .)
a. CD S u p e r v is o r o r e m p lo y e r
b . CH C o - w o r k e r
c.
C o m p a n y s a f e ty o f f i c f a l
d . CD U n io n r e p re s e n ta tiv e
e. □
O t h e r (D e s c rib e )— -------------------------------------------------------------------------------2.
CD
□
CD
In v e s tig a te d a c c id e n t
C o n d u c te d s a f e ty t r a i n in g o r r e v ie w e d s a f e ty p r o c e d u r e s
In s ta lle d s a fe g u a rd s (s u c h as p o i n t o f o p e r a tio n o r b a r r ie r g u a rd s )
R e p a ir e d o r re p la c e d e q u ip m e n t
W a rn e d o t h e r e m p lo y e e s a b o u t h a z a rd
R e q u ir e d use o f a p p r o p r ia t e t y p e o f h a n d p r o t e c t io n
W a r n e d e m p lo y e e s n o t t o use h a n d p r o t e c t io n
O th e r a c t io n (D e s c rib e )______________________ 1_________________
E m p lo y e r t o o k n o a c t io n
D o n 't k n o w
ANSWER THE FOLLOWING QUESTIONS O NLY IF YOUR INJURY IN V O L VE D FIX E D (NONPORTABLE) M A CHINERY OR A POWER SAW
W h a t t y p e o f w o r k w e r e y o u d o in g a t t h e t i m e o f y o u r i n ju r y ?
(C h e ck o n e .)
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
CD
CD
□
□
□
CD
O p e r a t in g m a c h in e o r s a w
U n ja m m in g m a c h in e , s a w o r m a te ria l
C le a n in g , r e p a ir in g , s e r v ic in g , e t c ., m a c h in e o r s aw
S e ttin g u p m a c h in e o r saw
O t h e r (D escribe)
D o n 't k n o w
NOTE:
____________________________________ .
Q u e s tio n s B , C , a n d D a s k a b o u t s a fe g u a rd s , w h ic h a re g u a rd s o r
d e v ic e s in te n d e d t o p r e v e n t h a n d s f r o m e n te r in g th e d a n g e r are a
w i t h m a c h in e in o p e r a tio n .
D. W h y d
1. CD
2 . CD
3 . CD
4. □
5 . CD
6 . CD
□
7 . CD
8. □
i d n ' t t h e s a fe g u a rd p r e v e n t y o u r in j u r y ? (C heck a ll th a t a p p ly .)
N o s a fe g u a rd in use a t t h e t i m e o f i n j u r y
H a n d pa ssed th r o u g h o r u n d e r s a fe g u a rd
H a n d w a s in a re a o f m a c h in e n o t p r o te c t e d b y s a fe g u a rd
S a fe g u a r d d i d n o t c o m p le t e ly e n c lo s e d a n g e r o u s p a r ts o f m a c h in e
S a fe g u a r d w a s n o t in p r o p e r p o s it io n a t t i m e o f a c c id e n t
S a fe g u a r d m a l f u n c t io n e d o r b r o k e ( f o r e x a m p le : d e v ic e d i d n o t
s to p m a c h in e in tim e )
S a fe g u a r d was i m p r o p e r ly a d ju s te d
O b je c t w a s t h r o w n f r o m m a c h in e
CD
O t h e r ( E x p la in ) _____________________________________________________
□
D o n 't k n o w
9.
10.
E xam ples o f safeguards are:
E . W e re th e r e a n y o t h e r s a f e ty fe a tu r e s a v a ila b le a t th e t i m e o f y o u r in j u r y ?
( Check a ll th a t a p p ly .)
1. CD
2. CD
p o i n t o f o p e r a tio n o r b a r r ie r g u a rd s
r e tr a c t a b le b la d e g u a rd s
l i g h t c u r ta in s
t w o h a n d c o n t r o ls
s w e e p a rm s
p u llb a c k h a rn e s s e s
B.
3.
CD
4.
5.
6.
CD
□
CD
P u sh s tic k s , b lo c k s , g r ip p in g p lie r s o r o t h e r h o ld in g d e v ic e s
H a z a rd w a r n in g d e v ic e (for e x a m p le : a n a la rm )
S h u t o f f device w ith in reach
O th e r (E x p la in ) ___________ __________________________________________
D o n 't k n o w
N o o t h e r s a f e ty fe a tu r e s a v a ila b le
W a s a s a fe g u a rd in use a t th e t i m e -o f y o u r a c c id e n t? (C heck one .)
1 . CD N o —e x p la in w h y n o t ( f o r e x a m p le : m a c h in e n e v e r h a d a s a fe
g u a r d , s a fe g u a rd w a s n o t b e in g u s e d b e c a u s e i t s lo w e d p r o d u c
t i o n , g u a r d h a d b e e n re m o v e d b e c a u s e i t w a s b r o k e n )
2.
3.
C.
V I.
□
□
Yes
D o n 't k n o w
D e s c r ib e th e t y p e o f s a fe g u a rd a n d h o w i t w o r k s .
How many workdays did you (or do you expect to) lose due to your injury? (NOTE: Do not count the day of injury, days on light duty work, normal
days o ff or holidays.)
------------------W o r k d a y s
V II.
Describe
in
your own words how your injury occurred and how you feel it could have been prevented.
35
Bureau of Labor Statistics
Work Injury Report
Accidents Involving Arm, Hand or
Finger Amputations
The in fo rm a tio n collected on this form by the Bureau o f
Labor Statistics and the State Agencies cooperating in its statistical program w ill be held in confidence and w ill be used
fo r statistical purposes o nly.
U.S. Department of Labor
This re p o rt is auth orize d b y law 2 9 U.S.C. 2.
Your vo lu n ta ry cooperation is needed to make
the results o f this survey comprehensive,
accurate, and tim ely.
Date of
A ccident
Case Num ber
State
Form Approved
O.M.B. No. 44R -1614
I.
A.
H. If you were using a to o l or m achinery, check w hether any of the
fo llo w in g c o n trib u te d to y o u r in ju ry.
(Check a ll th a t a pp ly and expalin below , i f possible.)
What were you doing at the tim e o f y o u r inju ry? (Check one.)
1.
CD W orking w ith or on fixed (n o npo rtable) m achinery or equipm ent
(Describe—fo r exam ple: m etal lathe, punch press, conveyor)
1. CD T o o l o r m a c h in e ry a c c id e n ta lly a c tiv a te d
2. CD A c cid entally hit fo o t pedal
3. □ To o l or m achinery continued to run after being shut o ff
(coasting)
4. CD To o l or m achinery broke or m alfun ctioned
5. CD T o o l, m a c h in e ry o r w o rk m a te ria l s h ifte d p o s itio n o r slip p e d
6. □ To o l or m achinery had been altered or m odified at the job site
( fo r e x a m p le : b a rrie r gua rd rem o ved)
7. CD To o l or m achinery not equipped w ith safeguard (such as a
barrier guard)
8. CD Safeguard failed
9. CD N one o f the above
2. □ O perating or repairing industrial or farm vehicles
3. CD Using powered hand to o l (fo r exam ple: portable d rill, portable
saw)
4. CD Using non-pow ered hand to o l (fo r exam ple: kn ife, ham m er)
5. CD L iftin g , carrying or handling objects
O th e r (D escribe)-------------------------------------------------------------------------
6. □
B, H ow did y o u r am pu tatio n occur? (Check one.)
1. CD Fingers, hand or arm h it against moving machine part(s)
2. □ Fingers, hand or arm w ere struck by moving m achine part(s)
3. CD Fingers, hand or arm w ere caught in or between m achinery or
objects
4. CD F lyin g, falling or swinging object struck fingers, hand or arm
5.
(E x p la in ):_______________________________________________________
I.
Describe any other factors w hich c o n trib u te d to yo ur in ju ry .
J.
Draw a line at the p o in t o f am pu tatio n and indicate below the part(s)
am putated (fo r exam ple: firs t d ig it o f righ t index finger).
CD O ccurred in o ther w ay ( Describe ) --------------------------------------------------
C. Describe the object or machine part th a t injured you (fo r example:
band saw blade, kn ife blade, conveyor b elt).
D. By w ha t means did the object cause y o u r am putation?
(Check a ll th a t app ly.)
1.
2.
D
L e ft hand
C u ttin g a c tio n
3.
CD P u llin g fo r c e
CD C ru s h in g fo r c e
4.
□
R ight Hand
Arm s
O th e r (E xplain) ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
E. Do any o f the fo llo w in g explain w hy y o u r fingers, hand o r arm came
in co nta ct w ith this object? (Check a ll th a t app ly.)
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
CD M is ju d g e d tim e o r d is ta n c e n e ed e d to a vo id in ju r y
□
H a n d s lip p e d
N o t lo o k in g a t ha n d
L o s t balance, s lip p e d o r fe ll
R e a c te d t o lo u d noise o r o th e r d is tr a c tio n
G lo v e s , c lo th in g , je w e lr y o r w a tc h g o t c a u g h t in th e e q u ip m e n t
□ C le a n in g t o o l, c lo th o r rag g o t c a u g h t in th e e q u ip m e n t
CD D id n o t re a liz e h a n d w as in h a z a rd o u s area
CD N o n e o f th e a b o ve
CD
CD
CD
CD
F. Were there any w ork co nd itio ns w hich you feel led to y o u r injury?
(Check a ll th a t app ly.)
1.
2.
CD U sing w r o n g ty p e o f to o l o r e q u ip m e n t fo r jo b
CD T o o l o r e q u ip m e n t w as in ba d c o n d itio n (f o r e x a m p le : d u ll b la d e )
3.
□
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
G.
Parts a m p u ta te d :.
V is ib ilit y p o o r d u e to in a d e q u a te lig h tin g , d u s t o r glare
CD V ie w o f ha n d b lo c k e d b y p a r t o f m a c h in e o r o th e r o b je c t
CD R e c e n t chan g e in w o r k r o u tin e o r p ro c e d u re s
CD U n f a m ilia r w ith to o l o r e q u ip m e n t used
□ C o -w o r k e r d id s o m e th in g t h a t caused y o u r in ju r y (E xplain)
□
K. If the a m putation involved only the tip(s) o f the finger(s) was there a
loss o f bone?
1. □
2. □
L. Were you wearing any type o f hand or arm p rote ction at the tim e o f
y o u r injury?
N one o f the above
1. □ No
2. CD Yes (Describe type, fo r exam ple: steel mesh gloves, p ro te c tiv e
sleeve, c o tto n gloves, pa lm pads)
Indicate w hether any o f the fo llo w in g factors co ntrib u te d to yo u r in ju ry .
(Check a ll th a t app ly.)
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
No
Yes
CD A tte n tio n not fu lly on task
□ Task n o t being done according to instructions
CD L ittle or no instructions given on how to do task
CD Tired or bored
CD In a hurry
□ Upset or under stress
□ N one o f the above
M.
If you were wearing hand or arm p ro te c tio n w hat e ffe ct do you feel it
had on the accident? (Check one a nd explain below, i f possible.)
1. CD Reduced the seriousness of the injury
2. CD Caused the accident (fo r exam ple: glove pulled into m achinery)
3. CD No effe ct on th e inju ry
4. CD D o n 't k now
(E x p la in ):________________________________________________________
CONTINUE WITH SECTION II. ON REVERSE SIDE.
BLS 102 (December 1980)
36
II.
A . H ow long had you been p e rfo rm in g the typ e o f w o rk you were doing
when injured? (C h e c k o n e . )
1. CD
2. □
3. □
First tim e you did this
Less than 1 m o n th
1 to 6 m onths
D.
W hat actions, i f any, d id y o u r e m p lo y e r take a fte r y o u r accident to
prevent such an in ju ry fro m happening to others? (Check a ll th a t a p p ly .)
ty p e o f w o rk
5.
6.
4. CH6
m onths to 1 year
1. □
Investigated acciden t
Cl 1 to 5 years
2. EH C o nducted safety tra in in g o r reviewed safety procedures
3. EH Installed safeguards (such as p o in t o f o p e ra tio n or b arrier guards)
□
5 years or m ore
4. EH Repaired or replaced e q u ip m e n t
5. EH T o ld co-w orkers n o t to w ear hand or arm p ro te c tio n (gloves, etc.)
B. H ow fre q u e n tly d id yo u d o th is typ e o f w ork? (C h e c k o n e . )
1. CH First tim e you d id this ty p e o f w o rk
6. EH W arned o th e r em ployees ab o u t hazard
2. EH V e ry seldom —less than once a m onth
3. □ A b o u t once a m o n th
7. D O th e r action (D escrib e)-----------------------------------------------------------------4. EH O ne or m ore tim es a w eek
8. □ E m p lo y e r to o k no action
5. C l D a ily o r alm ost every day
9. EH D o n 't kn o w
C. P rior to y o u r accident, d id you receive safety tra in in g on h ow to
p e rfo rm this task? (C h e c k o n e . )
1. EH N o
2. EH Yes—less than 6 m onths ago
3. EH Y es—6 m onths to 1 year ago
IF YOUR INJURY DID NOT INVOLVE FIXED (NONPORT
ABLE) MACHINERY OR ANY TYPE OF A POWER SAW,
SKIP SECTION III. AND COMPLETE SECTION IV.
4. EH y e s —1 to 2 years ago
5. □ Yes—m ore than 2 years
ago
III.ANSW ER THE FOLLOWING QUESTIONS ONLY IF YOUR INJURY IN VO LVED FIXE D (NONPORTABLE) M ACHINERY OR A POWER SAW.
E. W h y d id n 't the safeguard prevent y o u r in ju ry ? (Check a ll th a t a p p ly .)
A . W hat typ e o f w o rk were yo u doin g at the tim e o f y o u r in ju ry?
(Check one.)
1.
2.
3.
4.
EH
EH
CD
□
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
O perating m achine o r saw
U n jam m in g m achine, saw or m aterial
C leaning, repairing, servicing, etc., m achine o r saw
S e ttin g up m achine or saw
5. □ O th e r (D escrib e )____________________________________________
6. EH D o n 't kn o w
B. Indicate the typ e o f m achine you were w o rk in g w ith o r on a t the tim e
o f y o u r in ju ry . Include the brand name and m odel num ber i f kn ow n .
7.
CD N o s a feguard in use a t th e t im e o f in ju r y
EH Hand passed th rough or under safeguard
CD Hand was in area o f m achine n o t p ro tected by safeguard
EH Safeguard did n o t c o m p le te ly enclose dangerous parts o f m achine
CH Safeguard was n o t in proper position at tim e o f accident
□ Safeguard m a lfu n c tio n e d or b ro k e (fo r exam p le: device did n o t
stop m achine in tim e )
CH Safeguard was im p ro p e rly adjusted
8.
9.
□
□
O th e r (E x p la in ) ----------------------------------------------------------------------------D o n 't kn o w
F. Were there any o th e r safety features available a t the tim e o f y o u r inju ry?
(Check a ll th a t a p p ly .)
NOTE: Questions C, D, and E ask about safeguards, which are guards
or devices intended to prevent hands from entering the danger
area w ith machine in operation.
Exam ples o f safeguards are:
1.
2.
3.
□ Push sticks, blocks, gripping pliers or o th e r holding devices
□ Hazard w arning device (fo r exam p le: an alarm )
EH S h u t o f f device w ith in reach
4.
5.
6.
□ O th e r (E x p la in ) ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------□ D o n 't kn o w
EH N o o th e r safety features available
G. Were y o u using push sticks, etc. at the tim e o f y o u r in ju ry ?
p o in t o f o p e ra tio n or barrier guards
retra cta b le blade guards
ligh t curtains
tw o hand controls
sweep arms
pullback harnesses
1.
□
N o —exp lain w h y n o t (fo r exam p le: w o u ld slow p ro d u c tio n , n o t
feeding m aterial, did n o t th in k th e y w ere needed, n o t available)
2.
□
Yes
C. Was a safeguard in use at the tim e o f y o u r accident? (Check one.)
1. EH N o —exp lain w h y n o t (fo r exam p le: m achine never had a safe
guard, safeguard was n o t being used because it slowed p ro d u c
tio n , guard had been rem oved because it was broken)
2. □ Yes
3. EH D o n 't kn o w
D. Describe the typ e o f safeguard and h ow it w orks.
IV. Describe in your own words how your injury occurred and how you feel it could have been prevented.
37
Appendix D„ Illustration
®f Phalanges
®fi the [Right Hand
Middle
finger
38
Periodicals
^©FBtlhity Lsb@r Review
the oldest and most
authoritative Government
research journal in
economics and social
sciences. Regular features
include current labor
statistics and developments
in industrial relations.
$26 a year, 12 issues.
Oc©ypati@fnal Gu§!o@k
Qyart@s1]f
helps students and guidance
counselors learn about new
occupations, training
opportunities, salary trends, and
career couseling programs.
Written in nontechnical
language and illustrated in color.
$9 a year, four issues.
a n d E a r n in g s
gives current employment and
earnings statistics for the Nation
as a whole, for individual States,
and for more than 200 areas.
Included are household and
establishment data, seasonally
and not seasonally adjusted.
$39 a year, 12 issues
and annual supplement.
B IS periodicals
provide
timely information
on employment,
occupations,
wages, and prices.
CPS OfgtaiSed R@p@rt
is the most
comprehensive report on
monthly consumer price
indexes and rates of
change. Includes data on
commodity and service
groups for 28 cities.
$28 a year, 12 issues.
Pr@du©®ir Prie@s
and Prie® indexes
includes price movements of
both farm and industrial
commodities, by industry and
stage ot processing. Tables
and charts give greater
detail than available in
other published material.
$34 a year, 12 issues
and annual supplement.
Current Wag®
D@w®B©pinn®(nt§
reports on specific wage
and benefit changes from
collective bargaining agreements.
Includes data on strikes or
lockouts, major agreements
expiring, and compensation
changes.
$23 a year, 12 issues.
Subscriptions are available from
Superintendent of Documents,
U.S. Government Printing Office,
Washington, D.C. 20402.
For subscriptions to foreign countries,
add 25 percent to all prices.
Make all checks payable to
Superintendent of Documents.
Maj®r C ollective
iargaDBuamg /Agreements
A series of in-depth studies by the Bureau of Labor
Statistics of contract clauses in labor-management
agreements. The studies are widely used by negdtiators,
arbitrators, mediators, personnel administrators, policy
makers, and industrial relations researchers.
The final publication in this series, Union Security and
Dues Checkoff Provisions, and four other recent studies
are available from BLS regional offices and from the
Government Printing Office.
Use the form below to order all five current bulletins in
the series.
S e n d y o u r o r d e r t o th e
P.O. B o x 1 3 3 0 9
2 n d F lo o r
Y o u m a y a ls o s e n d y o u r
B L S r e g io n a l o f f ic e
P h ila d e lp h ia , P A 19101
5 5 5 G r iffin S q u a r e B ld g .
o r d e r d ir e c tly to:
D a lla s , T X 7 5 2 0 2
n e a re s t you:
1371 P e a c h t r e e S t . , N E .
1 6 0 3 J F K B u ild in g
A t la n ta , G A 3 0 3 6 7
B o s to n , M A 0 2 2 0 3
S u p e r in te n d e n t o f D o c u m e n ts
911 W a ln u t St.
U .S . G o v e r n m e n t
K a n s a s C ity , M O 6 4 1 0 6
P rin tin g O ffic e
9 t h F lo o r
W a s h in g to n , D C 2 0 4 0 2
4 5 0 G o ld e n G a te A v e .
S u it e 3 4 0 0
F e d e r a l O f f ic e B u ild in g
1515 B ro a d w a y
2 3 0 S o u th - D e a r b o r n St.
B ox 36017
N e w Y o rk , N Y 1 0 0 3 6
C h ic a g o , IL 6 0 6 0 4
S a n F r a n c is c o , C A 9 4 1 0 2
T itle
B u lle t in N o .
G P O S to c k N o.
□
W a g e A d m in is tra tio n P ro v is io n s
1 4 2 5 -1 7
0 2 9 -0 0 1 -0 2 2 0 9 -3
$ 5 .5 0
□
W a g e -In c e n tiv e , P ro d u c tio n -S ta n d a rd ,
an d T im e -S tu d y P ro v is io n s
1 4 2 5 -1 8
0 2 9 -0 0 1 -0 2 3 7 8 -2
$ 5 .0 0
□
E m p lo y e r P a y a n d L e a v e
fo r U n io n B u s in e s s
1 4 2 5 -1 9
0 2 9 -0 0 1 -0 2 5 1 6 -5
$ 5 .5 0
□
P la n t M o v e m e n t, In te rp la n t T ra n s fe r,
an d R e lo c a tio n A llo w a n c e s
1 4 2 5 -2 0
0 2 9 -0 0 1 -0 2 6 0 2 -1
$ 5 .5 0
□
U n io n S e c u rity an d
D u es C h e c k o ff Provisions
1 4 2 5 -2 1
0 2 9 -0 0 1 -0 2 7 0 7 -9
$ 4 .7 5
T o ta l O rd e r
□
E n c lo s e d is c h e c k o r m o n e y o r d e r p a y a b le to
□
C h a r g e to G P O D e p o s it A c c o u n t N o . __________________________________ _
□
C h a r g e to M a s t e r C a r d f
A c c o u n t N o . _____________ __
C h a r g e to V IS A ?
A c c o u n t N o ______________________________________E x p ir a tio n d a te
□
S u p e r in te n d e n t o f D o c u m e n ts .
E x p ir a tio n d a te
'Available only on orders sent directly to Superintendent of Documents.
N am e
O r g a n iz a t io n
( if a p p lic a b le )
S tre e t a d d r e s s
C ity , S ta te ,
Z IP C o d e
U.S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE : 198 3
0 — 3 8 1 - 6 0 8 (3 8 9 8 )
P r ic e
Bureau of Labor Statistics
Regional Offices
Region SV
1371 Peachtree Street, N.E.
Atlanta, Ga. 30367
Phone: (404) 881-4418
Regions VII and VIS!
911 Walnut Street
Kansas City, Mo. 64106
Phone: (816) 374-2481
Region SI
Suite 3400
1515 Broadway
New York, N.Y. 10036
Phone: (212) 944-3121
Region V
9th Floor
Federal Office Building
230 S. Dearborn Street
Chicago, III. 60604
Phone: (312) 353-1880
Regions IX and X
450 Golden Gate Avenue
Box 36017
San Francisco, Calif. 94102
Phone: (415) 556-4678
Region US
3535 Market Street
P.O. Box 13309
Philadelphia, Pa. 19101
Phone: (215) 596-1154
Region VI
Second Floor
555 Griffin Square Building
Dallas, Tex. 75202
Phone: (214) 767-6971
Region S
1603 JFK Federal Building
Government Center
Boston, Mass. 02203
Phone (617) 223-6761
@FedFRASER