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U. S. DEPARTMENT OF LABOR
BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS
ROYAL MEEKER, Commissioner
BULLETIN OF THE UNITED STATES \
/WHOLE 1
BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS j ‘ * ‘ I NUMBER 1 J U
R E T A IL
P R IC E S
AND
COST
OF
L IV IN G
S E R IE S :
N o.
9
WHEAT AND FLOUR PRICES
FROM FARMER TO CONSUMER
AUGUST 15, 1913
WASHINGTON
GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE
1914
OOXTENTS.
Wheat and flour prices, from farmer to consumer:
Page.
Sum m ary................................................................................................................... 5-16
Margins.................................................................................................................
5-9
Cost of distribution............................................................................................ 9-16
Wheat........................................................................................................... . ............. 16,17
Country grain elevators............................................................................................ 17-26
Transportation of grain, flour, and feed................................................................ 26-28
Grain jobbers and commission m en....................................................................... 28-30
Inspecting and weighing wheat............................................................................. 30, 31
Grain warehouses....................................................................................................... 31,32
Flour mills................................................................................................................... 32-42
Flour jobbers and wholesalers................................................................................. 42-62
Retailers....................................................................................................................... 62-67
Bakeries....................................................................................................................... 67-69
Appendix I .—Prices paid farmers for hard winter wheat b y elevators at 16
towns in Kansas, March and October, 1906, 1910, and 1911.............................. 70-92
Appendix I I .—Local market prices of No. 2 hard winter wheat in 6 towns in
Kansas, March and October, 1906, 1910, and 1911, as reported b y daily news
papers published in those towns............................................................................. 93-97
Appendix I I I .— Range of cash prices of hard winter wheat in Kansas City, Mo.,
on each market day of March and October, 1906, 1910, and 1911...................... 98. 99
A ppendix IV .— W eekly market quotations for hard winter wheat, flour, and
feed in Kansas City, Mo., in March and October, 1906, 1910, and 1911... 100,101
Appendix V .— Purchase price of No. 2 hard winter wheat and selling price of
flour and feed on one or more days each month, July, 1908, to October, 1911,
mill No. 7 .................................................. ............................................................... 102.103
Appendix V I.— Purchase price of No. 2 hard winter wheat and selling price of
flour and feed on one or more days each month, January, 1907, to October,
1911, mill No. 8 ......................................................................... .*........... ! ................. 104,105
Appendix V I I .— Purchase price of hard winter wheat and selling price of
patent flour on one or more days each month, 1905, and January to October,
1911, mill No. 9 ................ . .................................................................. .....................
106
Appendix V I I I .— Retail prices of hard winter wheat flour in representative
markets in Kansas, Missouri, Iowa, and Illinois, March and October, 1906,
1910, and 1911........................................................................................................... 107-112
3
BULLETIN OF THE
U. S. BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS.
w h o l e n o. iso.
WASHINGTON.
a u g u s t is, 19 13.
WHEAT AND FLOUR PRICES, FROM FARMER TO
CONSUMER.
B Y J. C H E ST E R BO W EN .
This report shows the prices paicl the farmer for wheat; also the
prices received for wheat by the elevator and by the wheat jobber,
and the prices received for flour by the mill, by the flour jobber, and
by the retailer.
SUMMARY.
This study had two objects: First, to ascertain the relation existing
between wheat prices and retail prices of flour, and second, to deter
mine the cost of distribution or the price accretions as the wheat and
flour pass through various hands from producer to consumer. Two
questions need to be answered: When the price of flour to the con
sumer advances, does the added cost go to the primary producer or
to intervening middlemen, or is it distributed among them ? What
does each person handling the wheat and flour demand or receive as
his part of the cost of marketing and distribution ?
M A R G IN S .
The present inquiry is limited to hard winter wheat and flour made
therefrom. As Kansas is the leading State in the production of hard
winter wheat, the elevator and flour mill data were secured in that
State and in Kansas City, Mo., whose elevators and mills receive the
greater part of their wheat from Kansas. After securing prices paid
by elevators to farmers for their wheat, data were secured cov
ering transportation cost, prices realized for wheat by elevator opera
tors and wheat jobbers, and prices realized for flour by mills. The
flour was then followed to a few of its principal markets and data
secured as to transportation cost and prices realized by wholesalers
and retailers.
The six periods selected for study are the months of March and
October, 1906, 1910, and 1911. The average price of wheat was
5
6
BULLETIN OF THE BUBEAU OF LABOR STATISTICS.
lower in 1906 than in any year since 1903. Wheat readied a com
paratively high price in the spring of 1910 and in the fall of 1911.
In 1909 the price for a time was high because, in part at least; of
manipulation of the market. The years selected for the study rep
resent normal conditions, not being particularly affected by corners
or other artificial conditions, and it is believed that they afford
opportunity for satisfactory comparisons.
Owing to the difficulty in finding records, it was not possible to go
back many years. When records have served their purpose, there is
no particular reason for preserving them and it is the common prac
tice of business houses to destrojr them, or to put them aside without
any care as to then* preservation. Much of the original material for
1906 which was consulted was found after long searching in lofts,
stables, cellars, and sheds. Usually no more time and expense is put
on keeping records than is absolutely necessaiy. Some points are
alw ays left to memory and common knowledge at the time; hence
the older the records are the more difficult it is to interpret them.
It would be highly desirable to present data for each month of the
three years selected, but the volume of the w'ork involved made this
impossible. Much of the wheat crop comes into the market in the
late summer and fall, as soon as threshed, either because the farmer
desires to turn his crop into money as soon as possible or because he
finds it more convenient to sell at that time. Considerable wheat,
however, is held by farmers for sale at a later time. Market manip
ulation of wheat prices is more likely to occur in the late spring and
early summer than at other seasons of the year. Taking these con
ditions into consideration, one fall month (October) and one early
spring month (March) were selected for this study of prices.
In theory it may seem possible to follow a bushel of wheat from the
farmer’s granary to the consumer’s table, but in practice such tracing
is quite impossible. The farmer’s wheat when sold is placed in a bin
of the country elevator with the wheat of many other farmers. As
wheat is drawn from the bin into a car there is no means of knowing
when any particular lot of wheat may be run out. Next the wheat
may go into a terminal elevator at some grain center and there again
be mixed, losing its identity still further, and a like mixing is sure to
take place in the storage elevator or bins of the flour mill. The flour
from any mill may be blended with flour from other sections of the
country by a flour jobber, and it is almost always blended in a bakery.
The flour in a loaf of bread may come from many wheat fields. Not
only is it impossible to trace any particular wheat from the producer
to the consumer, but there is great difficult}^ in tracing and comparing
prices for like grades of wheat and flour. Wheat varies in grade, flour
varies in kind and grade, and prices fluctuate from one day to another ;
and, as stated, records for past dates are difficult to find, especially in
grocery stores, and are often difficult to interpret when found.
W H E A T AND FLOUR PRICES, FROM FARMER TO CONSUMER.
7
The most significant summary figures of the inquiry are presented
in the two tables which follow. The first table shows for each of the
six months selected for study the average price paid farmers for hard
winter wheat, the average price paid by consumers for 49 pounds of
flour as sold in 48 or 49 pound sacks, the price of 34.84 pounds of flour,
which is the average amount of 80 per cent patent flour that can be
made from one bushel of wheat, and finally the difference between the
price received by the farmer for one bushel of wheat and the price of
34.84 pounds of flour paid by the consumer.
The elevator price shown is the average price for the month paid for
all grades of hard winter wheat as delivered by the farmers at the
elevators. The average is based on the average for 10 elevators for
which data were obtained for each month stated. The elevator
records do not show the grade of wheat purchased.
The price of flour shown is the average retail price, for the month, of
49 pounds as computed from the grocery store records of sales of 48
and 49 pound sacks. The price is stated in sack and also in bulk, the
value of the sack having been deducted from the retail price.
The several flours for which retail prices are given are known to be
patents in most cases, the grade in a few instances is not known, and
in a very few instances the flour is known or believed to be a straight
flour. Patents and straights are explained on page 34. Grocers
seldom know, however, the grade (“ per cent” ) of the patent flour they
handle, such fact being a mill secret.
One bushel of No. 2 hard winter wheat will make approximately
34.84 pounds of 80 per cent patent flour. (See page 34.) For the
purposes of this table it has been assumed that the flour for which
prices are quoted will average 80 per cent patent.
COMPARISON OF PRICE PAID FARMERS FOR W H E A T AND PRICE PAID B Y CONSUMERS
FOR FLOUR, MARCH AND OCTOBER, 1900, 1910, AND 1911.
Wheat prices are for all grades of wheat, as elevator records, with rare exceptions, do not show grade of
wheat purchased. One bushel of No. 2 hard winter wheat makes approximately 31.84 pounds of 80 per
cent patent flour, and computations in this table have been made on the assumption that this was the
average grade of flour quoted.]
1906
1910
1911
Item.
Average price per bushel paid farmers for wheat of all
grades delivered at 10 elevators.......................................
Average retail price of 49 pounds of flour as sold in 48
and 49 pound sacks by 34 retail merchants:
Including value of sack.................................................
Not including value of sack.........................................
Average retail price of 34.84 pounds of flour assumed as
the product of 1 bushel of wheat (computed from
sales in 48 and 49 pound sacks, as reported by 34 re
tail merchants), value of sack not included...............
Excess of retail price of 34.84 pounds of flour assumed
as made from 1 bushel of wheat over elevator price of
1 bushel of wheat...............................................................
March.
Octo
ber.
March.
Octo
ber.
March.
Octo
ber.
$0,640
SO.561
$0,950
$0,842
$0,792
$0,978
1.226
1.176
1.127
1.081
1.575
1,520
1.518
1.465
1.437
1.387
1.507
1.460
.836
.769
1.081
1.042
.986
1.03S
.196
.208
.131
.200
. 194
.060
8
BULLETIN OF TH E BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS.
Any considerable change in the price of wheat begins to exert its
influence in the retail price of flour at once, but it is retarded and
partly absorbed by the jobbers and retailers and may not fully ex
pend its force for several weeks. Hence, in comparing market prices
of wheat and flour in any month, it is necessary to have some knowl
edge of the market for some time preceding.
The price of wheat "was fairly uniform during February and March,
1906, and during September and October, 1906. The same is true of
prices in March, 1910. In the fall of 1910, however, there was a
gradual decline in wheat prices, the decline through October being sev
eral cents. In February and March, 1911, wheat prices were fairly
stable, but late in September and in October there was a sharp and
wholly unexpected advance over the price in the earlier weeks of
September. These fluctuations must be considered in comparing the
market prices of wheat and flour in the months having, or following,
a fluctuating market.
Of the six monthly periods considered both wheat and patent flour
were at the lowest price in October, 1906, and the margin between the
price of a bushel of wheat and the flour milled therefrom was greatest.
Wheat reached the highest price in October, 1911, at which time flour
was lower than in either March or October, 1910, and the margin be
tween the price of wheat and flour was lowest, being only 6 cents.
Flour reached the highest price in March, 1910, and the margin be
tween the price of wheat and flour was lower than at any other period
named excepting only October, 1911.
The margin between the price of wheat and the price of patent flour
does not of course measure the profit of middlemen and cost of milling
and distribution, as patent flour is only one of the several products of
wheat. The other products are “ clear” flour, “ low grade” flour,
bran, and shorts. As explained in detail later in the report, “ patent”
and “ clear” flour may be milled together as “ straight” flour.
Patent flour is the most important product of wheat and normally
represents approximately two-thirds of the money received by the
mill for its products, but notwithstanding its importance its price in
a considerable degree depends on the price which can be realized by
the mill for the less important products of wheat.
In comparing the movement in prices of wheat and wheat flour par
ticular attention should be given to the price of feed, for when there is
a demand for feed at a higher price the miller may be able to reduce
his price on flour. At times of small advances in the price of wheat
there may be an increase in the price of feed sufficient to meet the in
crease in the price of wheat, leaving the price of flour unchanged.
The next summary table takes into consideration the several prod
ucts of wheat and shows for each of the six months selected for study
W H EA T AND FLOUR PRICES, FROM FARMER TO CONSUMER.
9
the margin between the elevator price of wheat and the combined
prices of the several products.
The table shows the retail price of the flour assumed as 80 per* cent
patent, but the wholesale price is shown for the other products.
There is practically no retail sale of clear and low grade flour. No
retail prices were obtained for bran and shorts, which are generally
retailed in large quantities, quite different from patent flour.
COMPARISON OF PRICE PAID FARM ERS FOR W H E A T AND TH E V A L U E OF TH E PROD.UCTS OF W H E A T , MARCH AND OCTOBER, 1906, 1910, AN D 1911.
[Wheat prices are for all grades of wheat, as elevator records, with rare exceptions, do not show wheat prices
by grades. One bushel of No. 2 hard winter wheat makes approximately 34.84 pounds of 80 per cent
patent flour, and computations in this table have been made on the assumption that the average grade of
the flour quoted was 80 per cent patent. The average price of “ patent” flour is computed from prices of
flour in 48 and 49 pound sacks as quoted by 34 retail merchants. Data showing retail prices of “ clear”
flour, ‘‘ low-grade” flour, bran, and shorts were not available, and therefore mill prices are shown when
obtainable and wholesale prices in Kansas City in o fcher cases.]
1906
1910
1911
Item.
Average price per bushel paid farmers for wheat of ail
grades delivered at 10 elevators.......................................
March.
Octo
ber.
March.
Octo
ber.
March.
Octo
ber.
$0,640
$0,561
$0,950
$0.842
$0,792
$0,978
$0,769
$1,081
$1.042
$0,986
$1,038
.098
.155
.145
.125
.144
.010
.015
.012
.011
.012
Value of products of 1 bushel of wheat:
Average tetail price of 34.84 pounds of flour as
sumed as 80 per cent patent, as sold in 48 and 49
pound sacks by 34 retail merchants, value of
sack not included........................................................ $0,836
Average wholesale price of 7.85 pounds of “ clear"
.115
flour in Kansas City...................................................
Average wholesale price of 0.87 pounds of “ low
.010
grade” flour in Kansas City.....................................
Average wholesale price of 9.33 pounds of bran in
.074
bulk, at mill.................................................................
Average wholesale price of 6.22 pounds of shorts in
.052
bulk, at mill.................................................................
Total........................................................................ . . .
Excess of value of the products of 1 bushel of wheat over
elevator price of 1 bushel of wheat................................. j
]
.071
.097
.076
.088
.095
.053
.070
.062
.063
.075
1.087
1.001
1.418
1.337
1.273
1.364
.447
.440
.468
.495
.481
.386
Of the six periods included in this study the lowest margin between
the price of wheat and the price of the products of wheat was reached
in October, 1911, at which time wheat was at the highest price. As
noted in the discussion of the table on page 7, the margin between the
price of wheat and the price of patent flour was also much lower in
October, 1911, than at any other period included herein; but the
table just presented shows that feed (bran and shorts) was higher at
that period than at any other of those considered.
The margin between the price of wheat and the price of wheat
products varies only slightly in the months other than October, 1911.
The highest margin was reached in October, 1910, when it was 49.5
cents as against 38.6 cents a year later.
10
BULLETIN OF THE B V B E A V OF LABOR STATISTICS.
C O S T O F D IS T R IB U T IO N .
Everybody dealing in wheat and wheat flour is doing so for the profit
he expects to make. The business is speculative from beginning to
end and competition is usually keen. There may at times be local
agreements as to prices, and occasionally a man or a group of men
may attempt a corner on wheat, but the field is so broad and so easily
entered that no monopoly can well exist.
The usual channel through which wheat passes from the farmer to
the consumer is the grain elevator, the railroad, the grain jobber or
commission man, the flour mill, the flour jobber or wholesale grocer,
and the grocer. Two or more jobbers may at times handle the wheat
or the flour.
Home baking is decreasing, and the percentage of flour passing
through the bakery is rapidlj" increasing. Considerable wheat,
especially that marketed early, goes into storage in terminal elevators
in the big grain centers.
The farmer delivers his wheat to the operator of the country ele
vator, who tests, weighs, and receives it. The elevator operator
usually buys at about 3 cents per bushel under the price at which he
can sell on track at the time. He, of course, buys lower if he can, but
competition generally keeps him down to a margin of about 3 cents.
A decline in the wheat market at the time of shipping may turn his
apparent profit into loss or, on the other hand, an advance in the
market may give him a much larger profit than he anticipated. Such
data as could be gathered tend to confirm the general statement that
elevator margins have been about the same during the time since 1906.
Freight tariffs show that there has been an apparent decrease in
freight rates on wheat moved in Kansas between 1906 and 1911.
There are, however, intimations of rebates in 1906 that may make
the actual reduction not so great as the tariffs show. A large part of
the wheat of Kansas is shipped directly or indirectly to Kansas City.
The car-lot freight rate is governed by the distance shipped. The
rates in 1911 from the stations from which wheat prices were obtained
ranged from 8.5 to 14.5 cents per 100 pounds, or 5.1 to 8.7 cents per
bushel. An accurate average for the State could not easily be com
puted, but probably a fair estimate of the average rate from the hardwheat area in Kansas to Kansas City is about 12 cents per 100 pounds,
or 7.2 cents per bushel.
Wheat occasionally is sold by the country elevators directly to
the mills, but the most of it passes through the hands of jobbers
or commission men. Commission men receive 1 cent a bushel for
handling wheat. Jobbers make what they can, but they figure on
making about 1 cent per bushel. A fortunate purchase or sale or a
change of the market may cause a good profit, while some adverse
condition may make the transaction a losing one. Records of several
W H E A T AND FLOUR PRICES, FROM FARMER TO CONSUMER.
11
jobbers show the average profit on wheat handled to be about I cent per
bushel. Jobbers must compete with commission men, whose charge
is almost uniformly 1 cent a bushel, hence the jobber can usually
exceed this amount only through having a better knowledge of the
grain and markets or by a greater shrewdness in buying and selling.
If wheat is stored in terminal elevators in any of the grain centers
there is a storage charge. In Kansas City the charge is 1 cent per
bushel for the first 20 days or part thereof and one-fortieth of a cent
for each subsequent day.
The miller s margin varies materially. His business must average
a profit or of necessity he will discontinue it. To maintain his trade
he must keep in operation even at a loss at times, The records of
every mill furnishing information show sales at good profits and also
an occasional unloading of stock at cost or at a loss. The mills gen
erally sell flour in bulk at the mill at less than the cost of the wheat
required to make it, the cost of manufacture, the profit, and the
loss on the fiour being covered by the value of the by-product—feed.
The statement of one miller visited was, £iI will contract to grind
all the wheat you will bring me, give you all the flour made, and in
addition furnish the sacking for your flour, provided I may have the
feed for my pay.”
The mills grinding hard winter wheat, in marketing their products
compete keenly not only among themselves but also with mills
throughout the United States grinding other varieties of wheat. In
the fall of 1911 the competition was especially keen both in mar
keting flour and, by reason of the shortage of the hard winter-wheat
crop, also in the purchase of wheat.
In the next table are presented the average price of wheat bought
by six mills and the average price of the products of the mills made
from one bushel of wheat. The quantity of each article made from
a bushel of wheat is an approximation, as the per cent of patent,
clear, and low-grade flour, and the relative quantity of bran and
shorts, varies among the several mills.
“ Straight” flour is equivalent to the combination of “ patent”
and “ clear” flour. A mill usually sells straight flour from 20 to 25
cents a barrel lower than patent when the two are included in jone
order; that is, when sold to the same person at the same time.
When patent flour is produced, the patent flours in the mills visited
range from 65 to 85 per cent of the total flour produced; 75 per cent
is approximately the' average. The clear flour is the next lower,
23 per cent; and the low grade the lowest, 2 per cent, of the flour
made. When straight flour is produced the straight is approx
imately 98 per cent; that is, the total flour less the 2 per cent low
grade. While straight flour was manufactured in each of the six
mills in the months reported, the greater part of the flour was milled
12
BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS.
as patent and clear. The principal figures of the table are based
on the cost of wheat at the mill and the mill-selling price in bulk
(not including value of sack) of patent flour, bran, and shorts.
So
little clear and low-grade flour was sold by the mills in the
months reported that averages can not be given. The prices of
these articles appearing in the table are computed from Kansas
City wholesale prices.
COMPARISON OF PRICES MILLS PAID FOR W H E A T AN D PRICES MILLS R ECE IVE D FOR
THE PRODUCTS OF W H E A T , MARCH AND OCTOBER, 1906, 1910, AN D 1911.
[The prices quoted for clear and low-grade flour are the Kansas City wholesale prices, for the reason that
mill sales are infrequent. One bushel of No. 2 hard winter wheat makes approximately 32.07 pounds
of 75 per cent patent flour or 42.09 pounds of straight flour, and computations in this table are made on
the assumption that these were the average grades quoted.]
i'906
!
1910
1911
Item.
! March. October. March. October. March.! October.
!
Average price per bushel paid for wheat by 6 mills SO. 750
Value of products of 1 bushel of wheat:
Average price of 32.67 pounds of “ patent”
flour in bulk at mill......................................... $0,582
Average wholesale price of 10.02 pounds of
.147
“ clear” flour in Kansas City........................
Average wholesale price of 0.87 pound of
.010
“ low-grade” flour in Kansas City...............
Average wholesale price of 9.33 pounds of
.074
bran, in bulk, at mill......................................
Average wholesale price of 6.22 pounds of
.052
shorts, in bulk, at mill...................................
SO. 691
SI. 087
SO. 942
$0,872 !
$1,034
$0,522
$0,823
$0,743
$0,688
$0,792
.125
.198
.186
.160
.184
.010
.015
.012
.011
.012
.071
.097
.076
.088
.095
.053
.070
.062
.063
.075
1.203
1.079
1.010
1.158
.116
.137
Total............................................................
.865
.781
Excess of value of the products of 1 bushel of
wheat over value of wheat....................................
.115
.090 1
1
.138 j
.124
The table shows a margin between the mill price of a bushel of
wheat and the mill price of the patent flour and feed plus the Kansas
City wholesale price of clear and low-grade flour made from a bushel
of wheat of from 9 cents to 13.8 cents. The smallest margin
(9 cents) was in October, 1906, when wheat was at the lowTest
price during the months included. For the other five months for
which data are shown there is but little variation in the margin,
the range being only from 11.5 cents in March, 1906, to 13.8 cents
in March, 1911.
h
.
The proportional freight rates on flour from Kansas City to various
markets are given on page 28. To points in the middle western
States the rates were about the same in 1906, 1910, and 1911.
The flour jobber’s profit varies greatly. If he is a plunger he
makes large profits which he must alternate with smaller profits
and occasional losses when the market goes against him. On a
steady market his profits generally are from 8 to 10 per cent, or from
40 to 50 cents per barrel. Prices are no nearer uniform with the
jobber than with the miller. Sales made the same day show differ
W H E A T AND FLOUR PRICES, FROM FARMER TO CONSUMER.
13
ences in price. It seems to be a matter of getting trade first and
then getting such a profit as can he made in each individual sale,
depending on the knowledge and necessity of the contracting parties,
the amount of the sale, the desire to hold trade, the credit of the
customer, the strength of competition of other flours, etc.
The large bakers and some of the large grocers buy directly from the
mill, thus saving some of the jobber's profits. But to the small baker
and the small grocer the flour jobber is both a banker and a ware
houseman. The small baker or grocer has not money enough to buy
a car of flour, he has not storage room for it, and it might deteriorate
on his hands before he could dispose of it. The jobber furnishes the
money and storage room, and by quick handling in large quantities
he can keep a fresh stock. The mills protect the flour jobber in his
prices to the extent of 10 or 15 cents per barrel; in other words, the
mills sell to him 10 or 15 cents cheaper than to an ordinary baker or
grocer or any occasional buyer. The greater his protection the more
likely he is to push sales and furnish a market for the mill's output.
As freight rates are so much cheaper on full car lots than on small
lots all shipments going any distance and many shipments going only
short distances are sent out in car lots, and in order to get car-lot
rates, when less than a car of flour is wanted, mixed cars of flour and
feed are often made up.
The retailer's profits on flour vary in amount; they may run large
for a time and then by a change of market or a period of competition
be reduced to a very low figure. The data gathered indicate that 15
to 25 cents is the usual gross profit, and 20 cents is about the average
gross profit for a grocer on a quarter-barrel sack (48 or 49 pounds).
Competition may bring it down to 5 cents or conditions favorable to
the grocer may permit it to be as high as 40 cents per quarter-barrel
sack. On smaller sacks the gross profit is often higher in proportion,
but the net profit possibly less in fact, as the cost of handling and
delivering a small sack is practically the same as that of a large one.
There are several kinds, many grades, and hundreds of brands of
flour in the market, each fighting for a place. Customers have their
individual tastes and preferences. To meet the demands of cus
tomers grocers have to carry several brands of flour, 8 to 10 brands
not being uncommon, and one grocer reported 15 brands. This means
very few sales for some of the flours carried and limited sales for all.
If a grocer having money and a good trade could confine his stock to
one brand he might purchase in car lots and buy and sell cheaper,
but with an insistent demand for several brands the ordinary grocer
can not carry a large stock of any one brand, and even a small number
of sacks of a brand may remain on hand for weeks with his money
tied up. This explains why many grocers having capital and a large
business buy flour from a jobber. Flour bought from a jobber costs
14
BULLETIN OF TH E BUREAU OF LABOS STATISTICS.
more than when it is bought from a mill in car lots and in turn usually
retails at a higher price.
The retail price in the long run follows the mill price but does not
parallel it in all its day-by-day fluctuations. The movement up or
down is cushioned by the jobber and retailer; the angles of fluctua
tions in the line of movement of wholesale prices are much greater
than in the line of retail prices. While the retail price follows a
material change in the wholesale price the change in the retail price
does not occur at once, but generally lags behind for some time. A
few grocers follow the market closely by advancing their retail price
promptly as the wholesale price advances, others run the old price
until they get in a new stock at an advanced cost when of necessity
the}" must advance their retail price. Grocers do not like to advance
their prices, as it often means friction with their customers, and there
is a disposition on the part of many grocers to go slowly and let
competitors first announce the higher price. On the other hand, as
wholesale prices decline and some grocers drop at once, there is a
general tendency to hold a good margin of profit as long as possible,
or until competition eventually brings the retail price down.
In a survey of the distribution of wheat and flour, three things are
noticeable: The intensely competitive character of the business, the
excess in the equipment for distribution, and the desire for indepen
dence of the people engaged in production and distribution. If one
farmer will not sell his wheat at the price offered another farmer will.
Local dealers, jobbers, and millers bid against each other in buying
and selling. Flour is made in the town of A and shipped by rail to be
sold in the town of B, while flour made in B is sold in A. A grocer
in the east end of town hauls flour across the city to a Customer in
the west end of town, and the grocer in the west end delivers to a
customer in the east end. The Minnesota miller sometimes buys
Kansas wheat and the Kansas housekeeper sometimes insists on
having Minnesota flour. And not only are the products crossing trails
in distribution, but traveling salesmen of many mills and flour jobbers
are duplicating their labors in the same territory. Beginning with
production, there are more seeding and harvesting machines in the
hands of farmers than would be needed if there were cooperation in
production and each machine kept in operation the entire harvest
season. There are more elevators in the wheat area than are needed,
each operating most of the time on less than its full capacity. In
some sections there is needless duplication of railroad trackage. More
grain jobbers and commission men are in the field than can find con
tinuous business. It is asserted that the mills of the United States
could grind all the wheat raised in the United States in 144 days
(24 hours per day).
W H E A T AND FLOUR PRICES, FROM FARMER TO CONSUMER.
15
An inquiry made by the Northwestern Miller showed that the mills
of Kansas produced only about half their capacity in the period from
1908 to 1911. The figures taken from the issue of November 1, 1911,
were as follows:
Per cent
of capacity.
Year
Year
Year
Year
ending
ending
ending
ending
June
June
June
June
30,
30,
30,
30,
1908.............. .......................................................
1909.......................................................................
1910.......................................................................
1911......................................................................
51,16
51,52
49. 60
46.06
By mill capacity is meant the product of a mill operated 24 hours
per day, 6 days per week, the usual running time of a mill when the
volume of business will permit.
Many flour jobbers are struggling to maintain their trade, grocery
stores are on almost every^ corner competing fiercely, and when the
price of wheat is low the farmers say there are too many persons
raising wheat. Yet such is the desire for independence that men will
crowd into the field and work diligently to get a part of the trade at
an uncertain profit.
Probably no other line of trade is so crowded as that of the retail
grocer, and no tradesman is more jealous of his independence. And
the fields of milling and of grain and flour jobbing are but little less
crowded with men of like character. The promotion of combination
has as yet hardly entered this field. The producers and distributors
are still practically independent operators.
Speculation, as commonly defined, is not considered in this study.
Anyone, including the farmer, having the money may speculate.
Wheat may be raised and held or bought and held for future sale, and
“ futures” may be traded in by anyone having the money to invest.
On the other hand the handlers of wheat and wheat flour may do a con
servative nonspeculative business by contracting for purchase and
sale at practically the same time. The farmer, however, can not do
a conservative business with frequent purchases and quick returns.
He can not sell his prospective wheat when he sows his seed. He can
not sell the future crop at a definite price per bushel, much less sell
the crop as a whole for a lump sum. The farmer, of necessity, must
take great risks. He invests his labor and seed, and the use of his
land, power, and tools. He assumes the risk of making a crop or of
having a whole or a partial failure, and he further assumes the risk of
the price per bushel of the wheat he may harvest. Then he must wait
for months. The harvest season may bring an addition to the farm
or, on the other hand, a foreclosure of the mortgage. A few years of
good crops and prices may mean a competence and increased value
for his land, a few adverse years may mean the loss of his land and the
pinch of poverty.
16
BULLETIN OF TH E BUBEAU OF LABOR STATISTICS.
This inquiry does not contemplate the study of cost of production of
wheat or of flour or of the cost of transportation or handling.
Whether such costs and charges are unreasonably high or low has not
been made a subject of inquiry.
The miller explained his increase of margin as due to an increase
in the cost of his labor and equipment rather than to a change in the
price of wheat.
Land values have increased materially in recent years, as has the
cost of operating the farm. An increase in the price of farm products
brings an increase in land values, and an investment [in land at a high
value makes it necessary for the farmer to raise the crop that will
bring him the best price. Only a study of cost of production could
determine whether wheat harvested in 1911 and sold in October at
98 cents per bushel meant for the farmer a large profit, only a fair
profit, or even a loss.
WHEAT.
Wheat is classified into winter wheat, meaning that sown in the
fall and standing through the winter; and spring wheat, that sown in
the spring. Another classification is by the hardness of the berry;
the distinctive terms of this classification are “ hard” wheat and
1i soft 17 wheat.
Many intermediate grades exist. Still another classi
fication is by color, ranging from amber or red, to white.
The distinctive value of hard winter wTheat, the kind on which this
study is based, lies in the relatively high per cent of gluten it contains.
The hard winter wheat is well adapted to cultivation in Kansas,
southern Nebraska, Oklahoma, and to a limited extent in other parts
of the United States. This wrheat is modified by the climate in
which it grows and possibly to some extent by the soil. In a com
paratively dry climate, especially one that is dry during the maturing
season, this wheat is amber colored and grows as a long slender berry;
in a moister climate the grain becomes yellow in color and much more
plump. The slender, dark berry grown in the drier regions and
known as “ turkey wheat,” is lighter in weight per measure than the
plump, yellow berry and possesses a greater amount of gluten in
proportion to the starch in the berry. Between these twTo extreme
types of hard winter wTheat is the type known as “ dark wheat.”
The higher the percentage of gluten in the wheat the more desirable
the flour is for bread-baking purposes. The gluten tends to make
what the baker calls a strong flour, one that will absorb a large amount
of water in mixing and retain it in the baking and make a well-raised,
elastic loaf. While differences in color and form have long been
recognized by the trade in hard winter wheat, such differences had
not been recognized in official grading until recently.
W H E A T AND FLOUR PRICES, FROM FARMER TO CONSUMER.
17
The standard official grades are Nos. 1, 2, 3, and 4.
The Kansas rules are as follows:
No. 1 shall be sound, sweet, dry, plump, and clean, and weigh not
less than 61 pounds to the bushel.
No. 2 shall be sound, sweet, dry, plump, and clean, and weigh not
less than 59 pounds per bushel.
No. 3 shall be sound, sweet, dry, may be some bleached, but not
clean or plump enough for No. 2, and shall weigh not less than 56
pounds per bushel.
No. 4 shall be tough, sprouted, or from any cause so badly damaged
as to be unfit for No. 3.
Until recently wheat was known only by the grade number, but
now the official grading is according to number and also according
to the character of the berry, the distinctions made being ‘‘ turkey/1
“ dark,” and “ yellow.”
Comparatively little No. 1 hard winter wheat appears on the
market, because hard winter wheat usually runs under 61 pounds
per measured bushel. No. 2 is the standard grade and the basis for
determining the prices of other grades.
Wheat is sold by weight, 60 pounds being the standard bushel.
However, one of the factors in determining whether wheat grades
No. 1, No. 2, No. 3, or No. 4 is the pounds per measured bushel, and
this is ascertained by weighing the wheat contained in a measure
which contains a certain part of a measured bushel.
COUNTRY GRAIN ELEVATORS.
The province of the country grain elevator is to supply a market
to the farmer for his grain, to afford a temporary storing place for
wheat going to market, and to provide an easy means of transferring
it from the farmer’s wagon into the car for shipment. The farmer’s
crop may run from a few hundred to several thousand bushels, but
very seldom does an individual Kansas farmer produce wheat on a
sufficiently large scale to warrant him in having an elevator of his
own. Elevators are owned and managed in three ways: First, those
operated by local grain dealers; second, those forming a part of a
line of several elevators, operated by grain dealers in a primary
market; and, third, those conducted cooperatively by farmers. The
elevator has an equipment of scales and dumping apparatus, elevat
ing machinery, and storage bins. The average elevator costs for
building and equipment about $4,000; some cost less, others as high
as $7,000. An elevator can be operated by one man, but in very
busy times it may require two or three men. In Kansas, July and
August are the busj" months at the country elevator. Approxi5743°— Bull. 130— 14------ 2
18
BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS.
mately one-third of the Kansas wheat crop is marketed in these two
months and 75 per cent of the crop by the end of December. At
every railroad station in the wheat belt there are generally two or
more elevators owned by different interests competing with each
other. The private elevator owner buys wheat as cheap as he can
and sells it for as much as he can. It is alleged, and even admitted,
that elevators have not always been operated competitively, but
that there have been agreements among them as to the prices to be
paid, or pools for the division of profits, and, further, that without
any such agreement prices have not been so high as the market has
warranted. This knowledge or belief on the part of farmers, based
on a comparison of their prices with the market prices in the grain
centers, has led in some localities to the establishment of farmers’
cooperative elevators. It is usually conceded that there is very
little fixing of elevator prices at the present time and that the greater
number of elevators are run in a competitive way.
As the ordinary elevator has only six or eight storage bins, there
is necessarily a mixing of grain as it comes from the farmers, wheat
of like grade being stored together. An element of profit to the
elevator is the mixing of grain in such a way as to raise the grade of
part of the wheat put into the mixture. For example, a quantity of
wheat may be bought as No. 3 at a No. 3 price and mixed with fine
No. 2 wheat in such proportion that the mixture will retain a grade
sufficiently high to be sold as No. 2. The grade of wheat may be
raised by fanning out weed seed and at the same time cleaning out
chaff, thus raising the test weight. This mixing of wheat bought at
different prices and the raising of the grade begins at the country
elevator and is practiced to a greater or less extent by every one
handling the grain.
The country elevator sells its grain where it can. It may sell it
directly to a mill or to grain jobbers, or through commission men to
millers or grain dealers. The price may be on track at the elevator
or delivered at an agreed shipping point. The elevator man very
carefully watches the market in the large grain centers. His purpose
is to buy day by day sufficiently below the grain market to afford
him a profit on his business. If he is doing a very conservative bus
iness, he will aim to sell his wheat practically as fast as he buys it, so
that he may be assured a profit. On the other hand, he may specu
late by entering into a contract of sale before he has bought the
wheat or, more generally, he may hold the grain in the elevator for
an advance in price which will give him an increased profit. An
almost universal statement of elevator men is that they endeavor to
buy, and very generally do buy, at about 3 cents below the market
price—that is, the price at which they can sell in the wholesale market
W H E A T AND FLOUR P R ICE S/FR O M FARMER TO CONSUMER.
19
with freight deducted. This margin must cover the cost of operating
the elevator, interest on the investment, insurance, inspection fees,
the loss in weight incident to the handling of the grain, etc. Weighed
carefully and accurately as it can be, it is said that there is a loss of
about one-third to one-half of 1 per cent of the grain between the
time it leaves the farmer’s wagon and the time it reaches the mill or
terminal elevator, due to waste at the elevator and leakage of cars.
If the elevator screens the wheat, there is a further loss of one-fifth
to one-half of 1 per cent, which loss, however, is compensated by a
raising of the grade.
The salary of a manager and, sometimes, one or more helpers, inter
est on the investment, depreciation, and taxes are fixed charges
which must be met regardless of the amount of grain handled, hence
the profits of an elevator depend on the volume of its business as
well as its margin per bushel handled. It is generally conceded
that a margin of 3 cents per bushel affords a fair profit on the invest
ment, provided 100,000 bushels a year can be handled. A gross
annual profit of $3,000 will cover salaries, expenses, repairs, shrink
age in weight, etc., and leave a fair rate of interest on the invest
ment. While there are country elevators in Kansas handling 100,000
bushels or more it is reported that the majority handle less than that
amount. One elevator operator stated that he could do well on a
100,000-bushel business with a 2-cent margin per bushel, provided
he could get different grades in such amount that he could mix and
clean and thus raise the grade. Depreciation of the plant is heavy;
it is said that the life of a country elevator is only about 20 years.
That local grain buying is not always profitable is evidenced by
the number of failures in the business, both of individuals and of
farmers’ cooperative companies. Farmers in establishing coopera
tive elevators have not always appreciated the expenses and risks
of grain handling, and in attempting to run on too narrow a margin
have met with losses and in a number of cases with failure. Coopera
tive elevators had difficulty in entering the field. They were consid-1
ered by grain dealers as “ irregular.” They met with opposition
from local dealers, jobbers, commission men, and dealers in the pri
mary markets, and from the railroads. Their position now, how
ever, seems to be as secure as that of any private dealer. Country
elevators, both private and cooperative, are frequently run in conneerion with other business, as flour, feed, coal, lumber, etc. Some of
the milling companies are establishing elevator lines.
When a grain dealer or miller has a quantity of wheat on hand
and does not desire to run the risk of a decline in price before he can
sell it, he hedges in the grain market by selling a u future” ; that is, he
enters into a contract of sale for future delivery. Should the price
20
BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS.
of wheat advance he makes a profit 011 his wheat in stock and loses
on his future when he closes it out. On the other hand, shouid the
price of wheat decline, he loses on his wheat in stock but makes a
profit on his future by buying on the market at a lower price to close
it out. Thus the speculative side of the grain market affords the
dealer in actual grain an opportunity to do a comparatively safe and
conservative business. Without the opportunity to deal in futures,
conservative dealers state that- they would not buy wheat in any con
siderable quantity except on a much wider margin and at a consequent
lower price.
The country elevator is so constructed as to call for very little
manual labor. The farmer drives on the scales with his loaded
wagon, which is weighed in gross, then drives into the elevator shed
where the end board is taken from the wagon, and by the pulling of
a lever the wagon is tipped backward and all the grain runs out
of the wagon box into the bin below. He then drives 011 the scales
again and the empty wagon is weighed. From the difference in these
weights the number of bushels is computed and the farmer receives
a certificate of weight and possibly at the same time a check in pay
ment for his gram. The wheat dumped into the bin below the
wagon floor is hoisted by elevating machinery to a bin in the eleva
tor, whence it is spouted into a car for shipment.
In studying the prices of wheat and flour it must be kept in mind
that wheat varies in quality, and when graded there are yet differ
ences in quality within the grade. The wheat of one farmer may be
worth several cents more or less per bushel than that of another
farmer and the crop marketed at one station may be much higher
or lower in quality than the crop delivered at another station. The
crop in a locality may be of high quality one year and of low quality
another. And further, competition and consequent margins of profit
may change from year to year. Considerable differences in prices
therefore must be expected.
One of the elevator companies visited has kept, for parts of several
years, a compilation of prices showing by grades the total bushels
purchased each day and the average price per bushel paid plus the
freight to Kansas City. Figures were also available as to sales of
wheat by this company by contract as distinguished from sales on
consignment to a commission house. The sales on contract are
reported as being mostly of No. 2 and No. 3, all sales being made on
the basis of No. 2 price with a differential or reduction on No. 3 of
1 cent or at times a little more for each pound under 59—the test
weight of No. 2. The records of the consignment sales were not
available. The prices presented illustrate the variations of the gross
margins of elevators. A comparison of the buying and selling prices
W H E A T AND FLOUR PRICES, FROM FARMER TO CONSUMER.
21
of No. 2 shows a margin at times below 3 cents, but more often
above. While no figures are available on the subject, the company
states that its business year by year does not yield a margin of
3 cents per bushel. The consignment sales, mostly of No. 3 and No. 4,
are said to have been made on a lower margin. The figures follow:
PURCHASES AN D SALES OF W H E A T B Y A N E L E V A T O R COM PANY, M ARCH
OCTOBER, 1906, OCTOBER, 1910, A N D M ARCH, 1911.
AN D
1906.
Bushels of wheat bought, and average daily price paid
farmers plus freight rate to Kansas City.
Sales on contract
based on No. 2
wheat, f r e i g h t
paid to Kansas
City.
Date.
No. 2 wheat.
|
No. 3 wheat.
No. 4 wheat.
Bushels. j Price.
Bushels.
Mar. 1.
2.
3..
5..
6.
7..
•S.
9..
10..
14.
15.
16.
17.
19..
20.
21.
22.
23.
20.
28..
29.
30.
31.
Oct. 1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
10.
11.
12.
13.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
22.
24.
25.
26.
27.
29.
30..
31.
106
156
$0.732
.732
38
167
134
16
101
.726
.744
.738
.734
.722
.739
.731
.715
184
162
56
51
161
.722
.725
.732
.722
.726
170
45
762
894
933
974
689
550
278
972
960
963
967
199
393
789
746
344
740
481
.743
.732
. 730
.669
.669
.668
.672
.671
.681
.669
.667
.665
.662
.667
.675
.674
.669
.660
.667
.673
.677
.678
670
.665
.654
.666
97
1,005
967
2.104
4.104
1,927
2,082
.655
.662
.657
.654
.659
Bushels.
Price.
|
j
.741
27
Price.
'
42
53
53
103
54
$0.746
.721
.732
.660
.706
101
46
57
.706
.724
.734
102
531
.684
.691
61
307
10S
57
.697
.734
.744
.733
1,100
/ 16,140
\ 5,000
.77
.781
3,000
.775
1,120
.80
3,600
5,770
3,700
.79
.775
. 78
/
\
626
.716
309
1,421
707
1,530
1,387
1,189
2,067
1,254
1,132
1,996
1,597
2,215
1,094
189
87
265
274
862
841
9
308
.730
.628
.663
.644
.634
.620
.625
.631
.632
.621
.644
.643
.649
.637
.653
.636
.617
. 645
.638
.586
.641
164
181
1,202
606
1,359
1,719
.638
.635
.622
.628
.610
.626
77
208
1,034
327
877
1,761
206
698
720
975
1,360
1,699
1,134
544
50
149
108
272
873
1,441
136
49
280
1,609
380
143
1,147
10.672
.674
, 543
.578
.560
.540
.575
.589
.561
.547
.552
.588
.562
.588
.538
.599
.556
.609
.570
.570
$0.78
10,220
.69
11,020
2,550
7,000
.695
.691
.70
8,045
5,590
. 705
.71
12,390
10,000
/ 29,000
.548 \ 10,000
10,000
.608
.586
.552
.557
.565
4,350
.552
.70
. 695
.695
.6975
.6975
.70
BULLETIN OF TH E BUBEAU OF LABOB STATISTICS.
22
PURCHASES AND SALES OF W H E A T B Y AN E L E V A T O R C O M P A N Y , MARCH AN D
O C T O B ER , 1906, O CTOBER, 1910, A N D MARCH, 1911—Concluded.
1910.
Bushels of wheat bought, and average daily price paid
farmers plus freight rate to Kansas City.
Sales on contract
based on No. 2
wheat, f r e i g h t
paid to Kansas
Date.
No. 2 wheat.
No. 3 wheat.
No. 1 wheat.
Bushels.
Bushels.
Oct. 1.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
22.
24.
25.
26.
28.
29.
31.
638
3.275
1,158
2.489
2,824
1,989
1.490
4,482
2,341
3,950
2,518
1,769
5,495
5,098
1,232
140
1,688
2,763
282
1,683
1,912
1,166
2,302
3,243
2,350
Price.
$0,905
.929
.895
.921
.925
.921
.931
.931
.944
.917
.920
.929
.925
.926
Bushels.
Price.
3,131
5,348
706
4,038
3,436
2,090
3,009
5,666
1.566
3,418
1,497
750
4,329
2,817
972
2,282
$0,863
.866
798
1,232
45
895
1,216
915
1,599
1,098
828
365
965
575
1,172
711
365
312
88
.921
.881
.882
Bushels.
779
805
1,607
582
619
1,414
914
1,923
Price.
Price.
$0.8
.791
.841
.858
.742
.836
.840
.750
.850
.861
.813
.812
.759
.837
.851
.832
681
96
665
237
1,421
1,193
476
248
.840
.702
.791
.807
.834
.788
.801
.803
504
$0,711
92
’ ” *776
5,000
$1,005
5,000
.97
3,000
.97
5.000
1,102
1.000
10,000
5.000
5.000
5.000
.95
.96
. 95
.97
.95
.945
.94
1,100
.935
1,100
.93
2,000
$0.90
1911.
Mar. 1.
7..
8..
9.-
30..
11..
13..
14..
15..
16..
17..
18..
20..
21..
22..
23..
24..
25..
28..
29..
30..
31..
32
154
364
318
221
$0
432
155
126
164
420
925
470
376
926
$0.831
.814
817
823
850
1,391
1,499
4,684
3,259
1.877
4.554
1,884
2,342
1.555
2.878
1,114
126
418
860
281
353
38
.758
.764
.786
2,344
2.555
2,052
3,581
2,629
1,513
*'*426"
445
441
301
512
108
129
49
.771
.810
.795
.786
.788
1,324
210
223
29
41
351
573
184
243
2
153
179
10,000
1,100
.90
.925
1,100
.914
5,000
.92
1,020
.91
5.000
.92
1.000
1,000
6,000
.m
.90
W H E A T AND FLOUR PRICES, FROM FARMER TO CONSUMER.
23
Appendix I, pages 70 to 92, is a table which shows the prices
paid farmers day by day in March and October, 1906, 1910, and
1911, by 16 elevators in 16 localities in the State of Kansas.
Appendix II, pages 93 to 97, is a table showing prices of wheat day
by day in March and October, 1906, 1910, and 1911, as quoted by six
local newspapers. The prices represent local elevator or mill prices
in six localities in Kansas.
The records of a company owning five elevators showed that in the
year ending July 1, 1911, the five elevators handled 155,400 bushels,
on which the gross margin of profit was $2,005.91, or 1.3 cents per
bushel. This was not enough to pay the cost of operation and made
the elevators a losing proposition. These elevators were run in con
nection with a coal and lumber business, however, and while the vol
ume of business and profit on the wheat made the elevators a poor
investment considered alone, they brought farmers to the place to
purchase coal and lumber and helped in making collections.
A line elevator company operating extensively in Kansas gave
from its records data as to cost of operation and loss from shrinkage,
as follows:
COST OF OPERATION PER BUSHEL AND PER CENT OF LOSS FROM S H R IN K AG E ,
1906-7 TO 1910-11—A LIN E ELEVATO R COMPANY OPERATING IN K A N SA S.
Year.
1906-7 ......................................................................................................................................
1907-8........................................................................................................................................
1908-9........................................................................................................................................
1909-10 ....................................................................................................................................
1910-11......................................................................................................................................
Per oent of
Cost of
operating,
loss from
per bushel. shrinkage.
$0.02
.02|
.02|
.03|
.03
1
I
I
|
The cost of operation included salaries at the elevators and in the
head office, repairs, supplies, and interest, but does not include any
charge for depreciation. The operating cost per bushel is high
because of the small amount handled by many of the elevators owned
by this company. The shrinkage reported above is unusually high.
The records of the company so combined option transactions with
actual transfers of grain that the margin of difference between the
buying price at the elevator and the selling price from the elevator
can not be stated.
The following figures are taken from the records of an elevator
company for one of its elevators in western Kansas.
24
BULLETIN OF TH E BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS.
PURCHASES AND SALES OF W H E A T AND GROSS PROFIT PER BU SH EL, 1906 AND
1911—AN E L EVAT O R COM PANY IN W E S T E R N K AN SAS.
|
Year ending July 1—
Item.
1906
Bushels of wheat bought............................................................................................
Paid for wheat bought................................................................................................
Average price paid per bushel...................................................................................
Bushels of wheat sold..................................................................................................
Proceeds after paying freight, commission on sales, insurance, weighing,
and inspection fees....................................................................................................
Proceeds per bushel............. .......................................................................................
Gross profit per bushel...............................................................................................
!
1911
69,375
$45,303.84
$0,653
67,998
114,221
$94,220.29
$0,825
114,381
$46,495.00
$0,684
$0.031
$95,785.97
$0,837
$0.012
A grain dealer in a small town in Kansas had elevator records for
two recent years sufficiently complete to afford summary figures as
to his wheat handling.
PURCHASES AND SALES OF W H E A T AN D GROSS PROFIT PER BU SH EL, 1909 AND
1911—AN E L E V A T O R COM PANY IN A SMALL T O W N IN K AN SAS.
Year ending July 1—
Item.
1909
Bushels of wheat handled..
Paid for wheat at elevator..
Proceeds from sale of wheat
Total gross profit..................
Gross profit per bushel........
88,765
$79,087.95
$82,268.58
$3,180.63
$0.0358
1911
106,085
$92,161.80
$95,826.60
$3,664.80
$0.0345
A farmers7 cooperative elevator furnished data as follows: The
manager was under instructions to buy as nearly as possible on a 3cent margin. The actual profit of the elevator differed, however,
from the regular margin. In the year ending July 1, 1910, the eleva
tor bought 32,703 bushels at an average price of 88.8 cents per bushel
and sold at an average price of 91.3 cents, making a margin of profit
for the year of 2.5 cents per bushel.
In the next year 102,098 bushels were bought at an average cost of
77.7 cents per bushel and sold at 86.0 cents per bushel, making the
profit of 8.3 cents per bushel. This unusual profit was due to an
advance in price while the company had a quantity of wheat on hand,
a speculative risk which in that instance proved successful. In the
fall of 1911 but little wheat was bought at this elevator because of
crop failure, but such as w'as bought was held until the advance in
price and made a profit of 20 cents a bushel.
One of the most successful cooperative elevators of the hard winterwheat territory had good records, from which the following figures were
taken.
W H E A T A STD FLOUR PRICES, FROM FARMER TO CONSUMER.
PURCHASES
OF
25
W H E A T AND GROSS PROFIT PER BU SH EL, 1907 TO 1911—A CO
OPER ATIVE E L E V A T O R .
Bushels of
wheat
bought.
Year ending June 1—
Average
cost per
bushel.
Average
proceeds Gross profit
per bushel. per bushel.
!
222,005
1907.................................................................... : .......................
$0.568
$0,606
142,232
.835
1908..............................................................................................
.865
1909............................................................................................
130,505
.885
.942
.931
1910..............................................................................................
120,412
.960
1911.............................................................................................
167,663
.834
.868
1911i ..........................................................................................
$0,038
.030
.057
.029
.034
16,328
.013
i June 1 to Oct. 1.
A very large and prosperous cooperative elevator company han
dling coal and feed as well as grain showed from its records for the
year ending June 1, 1911, that 298,598 bushels of wheat were handled
©n which the gross margin of profit was $3,306.38, or 1.1 cents per
bushel. Because of the large amount handled this margin was more
than sufficient to pay the salaries and operating expenses of $3,030.35.
The gross profit of $2,066.79 on the coal and feed business made the
business as a whole a very successful one.
Another cooperative elevator having a large business gave the
following statement as to the amount of wheat handled and the gross
profit per bushel:
AMOUNT OF W H E A T H AN D LE D AN D GROSS PROFIT PER BUSH EL, 1909 TO 1911-A CO
O PERATIVE ELEVATO R.
Year ending Apr. 1—
1909....................................................................................................................................
1910....................................................................................................................................
1911...................................................................................................................................
Bushels of
wheat han
dled.
200,000
149.000
152.000
Gross profit
per bushel.
$0.0225
.0240
.0300
No dividend was declared in the first and second years named, but
one was declared in the last year. The manager stated that compe
tition with the two other elevators at the station was so keen that in
the fall of 1911 it was doubtful if the elevator could more than pay
expenses. The manager of this elevator was paid a salary of $1,500
per year, a salary said to be considerably higher than the usual salary
of the manager of a cooperative elevator.
.917
26
BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS.
From another cooperative elevator the following data were
obtained:
AM OUNT OF W H E A T H A N D L E D , TO TAL GROSS AN D N ET PROFITS, AN D
PROFIT PER B U SH EL, 1907 TO 1910—A CO OPERATIVE E L E V A T O R .
Item.
Bushels of wheat handled
Total gross profit...............
Expenses of pperatiou___
Net profits..........................
Gross profit per bushel. . .
1907
151,534
$2,938.66
$2,149.54
$789.12
$0,019
!
j
j
|
j
i
1908
101,562
$2,055.73
$1,689.61
$366.12
$0.020
1909
57,783
$2,535.20
$1,624.75
$910.45
$0,044
GROSS
1910
97,073
$3,697.19
$1,987.42
$1,709.77
$0,038
The expense of operation covers salaries and supplies. From the
net profits provision must be made for dividends, interest on working
capital, insurance, taxes, and depreciation. These figures illustrate
the fact that expenses of operation are to a large extent fixed
charges, which must be met regardless of the quantity of wheat
handled. They further show that on a volume of 100,000 bushels a
year the cost of operation is from 1J to 2 cents a bushel handled.
The owner of several elevators, which he does not operate himself,
but rents to others, at a rental of one-half cent per bushel handled,
states that his investment does not pay him to exceed 4 per cent,
because of the small amount of wheat handled.
In general, it may be said that the margin realized by the elevator
is not large; at times, however, owing to a rise in price, a big margin
is realized, but at other times the apparent margin vanishes. The
small elevator, or one doing a small business, is at a serious disad
vantage as compared with one handling 100,000 bushels or more.
TRANSPORTATION OF GRAIN, FLOUR, AND FEED.
Part of the hard winter wheat is ground by mills in the State where
it is raised; these are popularly known as “ mills in the wheat field;”
part passes outside of the State to other markets. In ordinary sea
sons most of the wheat and its products move east out of the
hard winter-wheat territory. Kansas City is the chief primary market.
Wheat leaves the country grain elevator in car lots and is gener
ally sold on track at the station, or at a price including delivery in
Kansas City.
One of the provisions of transportation is that which allows the
milling of wheat in transit. Under this provision wheat may be
started from a certain point, stopped in transit at some other point
and milled, and the product shipped on again, all at the same freight
rate as is charged for a through shipment of wheat direct from the
point of origin of the wheat to the point of destination of the mill
product. This provision obviates the necessity of paying a local rate
W H E A T AND FLOUR PRICES, FROM FARMER TO CONSUMER.
27
from the point of origin to the mill and another local rate from the
mill to the flour and feed market.
Similar to the provision for milling in transit is the provision for
proportional rates whereby wheat or wheat products shipped into a
terminal freight point, as for example, Kansas City, may be shipped
on at less than the regular local rate, provided the freight moves on
in the same general direction. These provisions afford mills located
anywhere along the line of movement from the point of production
to the point of consumption an opportunity to mill on equal terms.
It has been stated that rebates were in existence, at least to some
extent, in the year 1906, but no definite information was obtainable
concerning the matter.
Data are here given showing the freight rates from several points
in Kansas to Kansas City, illustrating the changes that have taken
place in regular tariff rates from 1906 to 1910 and 1911. Rates
are also given on flour from Kansas City to various points north and
east to illustrate the changes that have taken place in freight rates
to such points.
The freight rates on wheat between all points in Kansas were
reduced 15 per cent by legislative enactment in 1907, and a readjust
ment of rates involving slight reductions and increases was made in
1909. The rate is governed by the distance of the haul. Figures
are not available from which to determine the average rate for the
State on hard winter wheat to Kansas City, but it seems safe to assume
that such rate is somewhat above 7 cents per bushel.
Comparative freight rates per bushel on wheat from 16 points in
Kansas to Kansas City are here given to illustrate the changes in
freight rates from 1906 to 1910 and 1911:
F R E IG H T R ATES ON W H E A T FROM POINTS IN KANSAS TO KANSAS C ITY, 1906 A N D
1910 AN D 1911.
Rate per bushel in— j|
1906.
1
2
3
4
5
6
8
Rate per bushel i n Station number.
Station number.
Cents.
8.4
9.6
10.2
8.4
6.0
8.7
8.4
9.3
1910 and !!
1911.
!j
Cents.
7.2
8.1
8.7
7.2
5.1
7.5
7.2
7.8
;
j
j
I
|
9„ ,
10
11
12
13
14
! 15
i 16
1906.
Cents.
9.3
9.0
i
10.2
8.1
;
8.7
9.9
9.6
9.0
j 1910 and
! 1911.
Cents.
7.8
7.5
8.7
6.6
7.5
8.1
7.95
7.95
The proportional freight rates on flour, per 100 pounds in car lots,
from Kansas City to a few of the representative markets of hard
winler-wheat flour are here given to illustrate the changes in freight
rates from 1906 to 1911.
28
BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS.
FR E IG H T RATES ON FLO U R , IN OAR LOTS FOR DOMESTIC CONSUMPTION, FROM
KANSAS CITY TO CERTAIN POINTS, 1906, 1910, AND 1911.
Rate per 100 pounds.
1906
From Kansas City to—
March.
Macon, Mo.........................................................
Cents.
9
St. Louis, Mo....................................................
9
Davenport, Iowa..............................................
10}
Keokuk, Iowa...................................................
10|
Oskaloosa, Iowa...............................................
10}
Chicago, 111........................................................
Decatur, 111........................................................
Galesburg, 111....................................................
12
10’
Peoria, 111...........................................................
Springfield, 111..................................................
Cincinnati, Ohio...............................................i 1
A
Corning, Ark..................................................... i!
Detroit, Mich....................................................
Mobile, Ala........................................................jI
New Orleans, La..............................................
Pittsburgh, Pa..................................................!
10}
10}
10}
3 20J
« 19}
17
19}
18
18
22*
New York, N. Y ..............................................
30}
Boston, Mass..................................................... \
32}
Lake Charles, La..............................................
Savannah, Ga...................................................
Beaumont, Tex................................................
22
1 October I to 19.
2 October 20 to 31.
30
36
3 March 1 and 2.
4 March 3 to 31.
1910
Octobcr.
March.
1911
October.
March.
October.
Cents.
Cents.
Cents.
19
9
9
2 7f }
i SJ
9
9
}
1
1 iol
10}
10}
t
2 91- }
/
i 10*
10}
10}
\
2 91 }
/
i 10}
10}
10}
\
2 9* }
/
i 12
12
12
\
2 10! }
10i
10}
10}
I
1 10|
10}
10}
t
2 9i }
(
i 10}
10}
10}
i
2 91 }
10}
10}
10}
1 19}
17
17
2 16-2 }
18
18
17
/
1 19}
19}
19}
\
2 183 }
20
20
17|
20
20
m
&27}
i
1 22}
22}
6 22} }
\
2 21-1
5 33*
/
1 30}
}
28*
1
2 291
6 28*;
5 35*
/
1 32}
}
30*
6
3
0
*
\
*311
29}
17f {
a2*
8 32} }
33 |
33
36
36 |
36
1
Cents.
9
Cents.
1
\
|(
* March 1 to 3.
6 March 4 to 31.
9
9
9
10}
10}
10}
10}
10}
10}
12
10}
12
10}
10}
10}
10}
17
18
19}
20
20
22}
10}
10}
10}
17
18
19}
20
20
22}
28*
28*
30* :
30*
32}
33 !
36 j
32}
33
36
7 March 1 to 14.
8 March 15 to 31.
GRAIN JOBBERS AND COMMISSION MEN.
From the country grain elevator the wheat goes into the general
market. It may be sold, and shipped directly to a mill, but more
generally it is sold to a grain jobber or, through a commission man,
to a mill or to a large grain operator. The elevator owners or opera
tors seek to get the highest price obtainable and some of them try to
make direct sales whenever they can, but the fact that grain jobbers
and commission men have such a large part in the movement of grain
seems to indicate that they have a recognized field and perform serv
ices justifying their existence. The regular commission is 1 cent a
bushel for the services of a commission man who builds and holds his
trade by making advantageous sales for his principals. The jobber
differs from the commission man in that lie buys the grain and sells
it on his own account, assuming the risk of profit or loss. Often his
sale is made while the grain is in transit. The grain jobber is a close
student of the wheat crop and of the wheat market. He has agents
W H EA T AND FLOUR PRICES; FROM FARMER TO CONSUMER.
29
out inspecting the wheat in the different localities where he buys,
so that he may have intimate and accurate knowledge of the extent
and quality of the crop in which he is doing business. He also strives
to build up a special line of customers. While acting on his own
account he is in effect an agent both of the grain seller and of the
grain buyer. The fact that he plays so important a part in the han
dling of the grain indicates that he can find a market for the elevator
man on better terms than can the elevator man himself, and he can
supply the miller with wheat more satisfactorily than can the miller
himself. Grain jobbing is a precarious business. Several grain
jobbers suggested that in considering the jobber’s profits attention
should be called to the fact that about 10 per cent of the grain jobbers
fail in business each year. The average profit of a grain jobber is
alxmt 1 cent per bushel on wheat handled, depending on the volume
of his business, his knowledge of the market, and the movement of
prices. As he is performing practically the same function as the com
mission man he can not expect to make on the average much more
than the commission man, who, as stated, receives uniformly 1 cent
per bushel for his services in the grain exchanges. Some examples of
the grain jobbing business follow.
A grain jobbing company in the hard-wheat territory furnished the
following summary of its business for the month of August in each
year from 1907 to 1911:
PURCHASES AND
SALES
OF W H E A T AN D PR O FIT PER B U SH EL, 1907 TO 1911—A
GR AIN JOBBING COM PANY.
Month of August.
1907....................................................................
1908...................................................................
1909....................................................................
1910....................................................................
1911....................................................................
Bushels of
wheat bought.
Cost of wheat
bought.
Proceeds from
same wheat.
180,270^
288,229-l-S
307,257f$
368,768M
291,679
$138,050.54
238,242.46
299,426.54
337.580.90
238.709.91
$136,580.47
240,940.47
300,617.74
341,980.14
242,842.52
Profit per
bushel.
i $0.0080
.0094
.0039
.0120
.0140
I
1 Loss.
The risks of the business are well illustrated by these figures.
August, 1907, was an unfortunate month, due to mistaken judgment
as to the probable prices during the month. The loss in this month
was offset by good profits in other months.
From another grain jobbing company data were obtained for a
period of over two years. Data were not obtainable as to the exact
number of bushels handled, but an estimate of the average profit
per bushel handled was computed on the basis of 1,200 bushels per car.
80
BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF LABOB STATISTICS,
CARS OF W H E A T H A N D L E D AND AVER AG E GROSS PROFIT PER CAR AN D PER
BU SH EL, JUNE 1, 1909, TO SEPTEM BER 30, 1911—A GRAIN JOBBING COM PANY.
1June 1,1909, to |June 16,1910, to June 1,1911, to
j June 15,1910. , May 31,1911.
Sept. 30,1911.
Item.
i
Number of cars handled......................................................... I
Gross profit.................................................................................!
Average gross profit per car....................................................I
Average gross profit per bushel (based on estimate of !
1,200 bushels per car)............................................................j
j
1,030 !
$11,586.09 j
$11,248 :
$0.00937 ;
1,098 j
$12,093.39 •
$11,014 j
519
$5,676.13
510.936
$0.00913
$0.00911
For another grain jobbing company car records were available from
which could be drawn the net weight, the cost, and the proceeds
of each car. From these records were taken the data for a period
of about three months in the fall of each year, 1910 and 1911. The
months covered represent the most active grain handling period of
the year. A summary of the data is given.
BUSINESS OF A GRAIN JOBBING COM PANY, F A L L MONTHS OF EACH Y E A R , 1910 AND
1911.
Fall o fItem.
1911
1910
Number of cars handled...................................
Number of bushels handled............................
A verage number of bushels per car...............
Total cost.............................................................
Total proceeds...................................................
Total net profit...................................................
Average cost per car..........................................
Average proceeds per car.................................
Average profit per car.......................................
Average cost per bushel...................................
Average proceeds per bushel...........................
Average profit per bushel................................
Number of cars handled at a profit...............
Number of cars handled at a loss...................
Greatest profit per bushel on any one car.. .
Greatest loss per bushel on any one car........
Number of cars on which profit was—
1.5 cents or more per bushel.....................
1.0 cent and under 1.5 cents per bushel.
0.5 cent and under 1.0 cent per bushel..
Something under 0.5 cent per bushel.. .
Number of cars on which loss was—
Under 0.5 cent per bushel.........................
0.5 cent and under 1.0 cent per bushel..
1.0 cent and under 1.5 cents per bushel.
1.5 cents or more per bushel.....................
200
230,738|
1,153.7
$207,587.90
$209,491.95
$1,904.05
$1,037.94
$1,047.46
$9.52
$0.8997
$0.9079
$0.0082
154
M6
$0.1255
$0.0451
55
45
35 |
19 ?
238
270,154
1,135.1
$220,607.80
$223,597.84
$2,990.04
$926.92
$939.48
$12.56
$0.8166
$0.8277
$0.0111
179
59
$0.1000
$0.0655
36
2C>
20
*17 !
15
13 !
3
35
8 I!
8
6
i Including car showing neither profit nor loss.
INSPECTING AND WEIGHING WHEAT.
The States make provision for the grading and inspection of grain
for the convenience both of the buyer and the seller. The fee for
inspection provided by the law of Kansas is 1 cent per 1,000 pounds,
minimum capacity of car, which fee in practice is paid by the shipper
of the wheat. A fee of like amount and paid in like manner is
charged for weighing. As already explained, wheat is graded,
according to its weight, its soundness, its freedom from foreign matter,
and, recentty, also by its color. The only certain element entering
W H E A T AND FLOUR PRICES, FROM FARMER TO CONSUMER.
31
into this grading is that of test weight. The other elements are
determined according to the judgment of the inspector. As a con
sequence there is much conflict of judgment as to the grading of
wheat. Inspectors disagree with each other and sometimes an in
spector reverses his previous grading, and there are frequent appeals
from the decision of an inspector to that of the chief inspector. So
unsatisfactory is the present grading that there is a conflict between
the several States and one State will not accept the grading made by
another State. It has been suggested that the disputes about
grading, especially for shipments from one State to another, could
be obviated by providing for inspection by Federal authority. Such
inspection has been urged by manjr millers and grain shippers, who
also urge that after inspection there should be no mixing of wheat
of different grades.
However carefully and honestly performed the inspection may be,
still it is not a scientific test of the milling quality of the wheat.
As before stated, the gluten content is the element next to soundness
considered in determining the price of wheat. Test weight, shape
of berry, and color tend to indicate the amount of gluten in the
wheat berry, but do not by any means determine it. Because of
the crude tests applied in the present method of inspection a scien
tific laboratory test is coming into popular favor. In several of the
large grain-handling cities there are laboratories devoted to a scien
tific analysis of wheat where samples can be submitted and the
constituent elements of the grain carefully determined.
GRAIN WAREHOUSES.
It is estimated that about 50 per cent of the hard winter-wheat crop
is put on the market within 90 days after harvest. This means great
activity at the country elevators in a good crop season, and as these
country elevators have only a limited wheat capacity—seldom over
20,000 to 25,000 bushels each—some place must be provided for the
storing of large quantities of grain. The mills usually have storage
elevators in connection. Storage also is provided for in part by
warehouses (terminal storage elevators) in the grain centers which
serve as reservoirs for holding the grain until needed for consumption.
These warehouses are of two classes, public and private. The former
are privately-owned institutions that store grain for any persons
presenting it. The latter are maintained by grain dealers for the
storage of their own grain. Both classes are subject to regulation by
the board of trade with which they do business. When operated in
conformity to such regulation they are designated as “ regular” ware
houses.
The rules of the Kansas City (Mo.) Board of Trade prescribe that
the storage charges on wheat in a public elevator shall not exceed 1
32
BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS.
cent per bushel for the first 20 days or part thereof, and one-fortieth
of a cent per bushel for each subsequent day. Such public elevators
or warehouses shall not receive any grain in store until the same shall
have been inspected. They may store grain of the same kind and grade
in the same bin whether the grain belongs to the same person or to
different persons, but they shall not store any grain of different grades
in the same bin. They shall be allowed to clean grain, but shall not,
without reinspection, issue receipts for any higher grade than that given
it by the inspector. Contracts of ‘ i regular ” private warehouses for the
delivery of wheat shall be subject to a delivery charge of 1 cent per
bushel, to be paid by the party receiving the grain, provided the
demand for delivery is made within 10 days of the date of the contract.
It shall be subject to a further charge of one-thirtieth cent per bushel
for each subsequent day until demand for delivery is made. This
delivery charge, so called, is in effect a storage charge.
The millers complain of some of the practices of storage warehouses;
first, that of mixing wheat to raise the grade, which, however, is a
charge that seems to apply about equally to all persons handling
wheat; second, and more important, is the complaint concerning the
scouring of wheat. By scouring wheat the evidence of some of its
imperfections, such as sprouts, mold, and smut, are removed or dis
guised and unsound wheat is made to appear better than it really is.
The miller prefers to have the grain come to him in its natural state,
so that he can more readily see the character of the wheat that he is
buying.
FLOUR MILLS.
In making this study of prices data were obtained from a number of
flour mills. In six mills figures were taken for the months of March and
October, 1906, 1910, and 1911, of all contracts for the purchase of
wheat and contracts for the sale of flour and feed in car lots or in
greater quantities. In these mills the sales in large quantities covered
90 per cent or more of the product of the mills. Each mill sold a lim
ited amount locally or in small orders for shipment to near-by towns.
The data copied relate to contracts made and not to deliveries made.
Some contracts were for immediate shipment, others for future ship
ment, in some cases extending over several weeks.
In nearly all mill sales the price stated on the mill record includes
the cost of sack or other container and also the freight to the pur
chaser's station. Freight rates vary widely because of the distance
shipped, and the prices per barrel quoted are also governed in part by
the cost of the container used. For these reasons the mill-selling
prices have been reduced to prices in bulk at the mill, by deducting
from the recorded price the cost of the container and the freight.
The cost of wheat to the mill is the price on Kansas City basis; that is,
it includes freight paid to Kansas City.
W H EA T AKD FLOUR PRICES, FROM FARMER TO CONSUMER.
33
The summary computed from data obtained at the mills includes
the principal products of the mills, namely, patent flour, straight
flour, bran, and shorts. In the months named so few sales of clear
and low-grade flour were made by the six mills from which detailed
information was secured that a summary of the prices paid was not
warranted.
The successful miller must be an expert judge of wheat, must have
skill as a miller, and must be a shrewd business man in buying his
wheat and selling his product. The miller buys his wheat from
different sources. He may buy directly from the country elevator; he
may buy from a jobber or commission man; he may buy from a graindealing firm; or, if in the wheat-producing section, he may buy to some
extent from the farmer direct. The miller likes to see the grain
before he buys it, and much of the wheat bought by milleis in the
larger wheat markets is bought by sample. If the miller buys by
grade it is from a person whose judgment and honesty he trusts. By
experience the miller is able to determine very closely from an inspec
tion of wheat its quality and the character of flour that he can make
from it. The mills in the wheat field generally limit themselves to
one kind of wheat. Thus most of the mills in Kansas and some in
near-by places grind only hard winter wheat. A few mills grind both
hard wheat and soft wheat according to their opportunity to purchase
soft wheat and to find a market for the flour. The mixture for milling
in this territory generally contains dark, yellow, and turkey wheat
in varying proportions. Wheat differs in price and milling quality;
thus, at times, No. 3 wheat, or even No. 4, is said to grind more
successfully than No. 2, and No. 3 turkey wheat may make a better
flour than a No. 2 yellow wheat. In order to keep the mill in opera
tion more or less wheat is necessarily kept on hand by the miller, but
aside from this, the conservative miller buys wheat only as he sells
his product, which gives him an opportunity to determine just what
his profit for milling shall be. A speculative miller may contract
for the sale of his product before he buys the grain, in anticipa
tion of a decline in the wheat market before he is called upon to
deliver his product, or he may stock up with a considerable amount
of grain with the expectation that the market price of flour will rise.
This speculative buying is not a part of the milling business proper;
the miller simply speculates as any other person may do and his
profits on speculation are quite apart from the ordinary profits of
conservative milling.
The modern process of roller milling is one of gradual reduction of
the berry or grain, the wheat passing through a series of breakers and
rolls, each set crushing finer than the one preceding. At each crush
ing a certain amount of fine flour is produced which is taken out by
the middlings purifier before the broken parts of the grain are passed
5743°— Bull. 130— 14------ 3
34
BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS.
on to the next set of rolls. The principal product of a mill is the flour.
The by-products are the bran and shorts, used for feed. Flour is
divided into four general grades, known as patent, straight, clear,
and low grade. Within those grades, however, there are many
modifications. During the process of milling a small amount of flour
of low grade is produced which is in quality but little above shorts.
This low-grade flour constitutes from 2 to 5 per cent of the total
amount of flour produced; the remainder of the flour is termed
“ straight flour” Another grade of flour higher in quality than the
low grade, but still not the best quality, may also be produced. This
grade of flour is known as “ clear” flour. The best part of the flour—
that is, the flour remaining after both the low-grade and the clear
flours have been eliminated—is known as “ patent flour.” In common
speech even the straight flour is sometimes spoken of as “ patent,”
but millers claim that technically only such flour should be called
patent as is made from purified middlings; that is, the granules of
the inner portion of the beiry, excluding the feed, the low-grade
flour, and the clear flour. x\ll four of these classes of flour may vary
in quality. The greater the proportion of low-grade flour eliminated
the higher will be the quality of the straight, and the greater the
amount of low-grade and clear flour eliminated the higher will be the
quality of the patent flour. The quality of a patent flour is desig
nated by per cent, which per cent indicates the part that the patent
flour is of the total volume of flour made from the wheat. Thus a
“ 70-per-cent patent” means that 70 per cent of the flour produced in
grinding the wheat is put into the best grade of flour, known as patent,
the other 30 per cent of the flour going into the grades below the patent .
Patents range in per cent from 60 to 90; the most of them run from
70 to 80. As wheat varies in quality the per cent has to be changed
to preserve a uniform quality of patent flour. The mill aims to keep
a uniform standard of patent flour, and lets the fluctuation in quality
fall in the clear flour which, in consequence, may vary considerably
in quality. Many modifications of flour quality are possible by
changing the relative parts eliminated, or by mixing flour. Thus a
clear may be mixed with a straight, making a “ filled” straight; or a
little high patent may be made in producing a straight, leaving a
“ cut” straight, etc. Ordinarily the lower the test weight of wheat,
i. e., the lower the number of pounds per measured bushel, the greater
is the proportion of feed and the less the proportion of flour; conse
quently, more pounds of No. 3 than of No. 2 wheat are required to
make a barrel of flour. This explains why No. 3 wheat is lower in
price than No. 2 wheat, though both are bought at 60 pounds to the
bushel. Four and a half bushels (270 pounds) of No. 2 hard winter
wheat produce approximately 1 barrel (196 pounds) of flour and 70
pounds of feed, a total product of 266 pounds from 270 pounds of
wheat. The remaining 4 pounds, varying more or less, is termed
W H E A T AND FLOUR PRICES, FROM FARMER TO CONSUMER.
85
by millers ‘ ‘invisible loss.7’ It consists of loss from dirt blown out
of the wheat before and during milling, flour escaping as dust, and a
loss of moisture by evaporation. While millers uniformly base their
computations on 4^ bushels of wheat, as required for a barrel of
flour, this is only an approximation, as the amount required will
generally average a little under 4^ bushels, because the invisible loss
is often less than 4 pounds out of 270.
In one mill data were obtained showing the bushels of wheat
ground and the invisible loss per barrel of flour produced, by sixmonth periods, for 1906, 1910, and the first half of 1911. The invisi
ble loss in this mill was unusually low. The figures are as follows:
AMOUNT OF W H E A T GROUND IN A C E R T A IN M ILL TO M AKE 1 B A R R E L OF FLOUR
AND T H E INVISIBLE LOSS PER B A R R E L , B Y 6 MONTHS PERIODS, JA N U A R Y , 1906,
TO JUNE, 1911.
Date.
January to June, 1906................................................................................................
July to December, 1906..............................................................................................
January to June, 1910................................................................................................
Julv to December, 1910..............................................................................................
January to June, 1911................................................................................................
Invisible loss
Amount of
wheat ground per barrel of
flour pro*
to make 1 barrel
duced.
of flour.
Bush. Lbs.
4 24.29
4 27.67
4 30.30
4 31.52
4 29.13
Pounds.
0.96
1.67
1.01
1.27
1.64
1
!I
1
I
I
In one mill the mill tally was copied for the months of March and
October, 1906, 1910, and 1911. The mill tally represents the bushels
of wheat, less the invisible loss, required to produce a barrel of flour,
or, in other words, it is the weight of 196 pounds of flour plus the
weight of the feed made with each barrel of flour reduced to the
equivalent weight in bushels of wheat.
The mill tally was—
Bush.
March, 1906............................................................................................... 4
October, 1906............................................................................................ 4
March, 1910............................................................................................... 4
October, 1910............................................................................................ 4
March, 1911............................................................................................... 4
October, 1911............................................................................................ 4
Lbs.
23.9
24.4
B0.0
31. 2
26. 7
26.6
Another mill visited furnished the following figures:
CLEANED W H E A T R EQ U IR ED TO M AKE 1 B A R R E L OF FLOUR A N D POUNDS OF
FLOUR MADE FROM 1 BU SH EL OF CLEANED W H E A T IN A CERTAIN M ILL, 1909 TO
1911.
Year ending July 1—
1909................................................................................................................................
1910........................................................................................................ .......................
1911................................................................................................................................
Cleaned wheat Flour made
required to
from 1 bushel
of cleaned
make 1 barrel
of flour.
wheat.
Bush.
4
4
4
Lbs.
27.8
26.8
28.4
Pounds.
43.898
44.000
43.810
36
BULLETIN OF TH E BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS.
Wheat is usually too dry to mill properly so that generally, before
it is milled, it has to be tempered with moisture applied either as
water or as steam, or both. Without this tempering the bran would
be pulverized so finely in passing through the first breakers that it
could not be separated from the flour. By tempering the wheat the
bran or outer shell is so softened that it can be removed in large
flakes and but little, if any, of it will get into the flour. The feed
made from wheat includes all that product which falls below the
quality of low-grade flour. It is of two general kinds, bran and
shorts. Mills vary in their separation of feed, some running 2 pounds
of bran to 1 pound of shorts, others throw more of the bran into the
shorts, making nearly 1 pound of shorts to each pound of bran.
When feed.is high the low-grade flour, or part of it, may be run in
with the shorts; thus the quantity and quality of flour and feed made
may not only differ materially in one mill as compared with another,
but may also vary from time to time in the same mill. In comparing
prices these variations in product must be kept in mind.
Flour and feed are always shipped from a mill in some kind of
package or container. Nearly all flour and all feed is now shipped in
cloth sacks, though some flour still goes out in wood or paper. Ship
ments of flour to bakers or for export are generally in jute sacks,
while for the grocery trade shipments are generally made in cotton
sacks. Most of the grocery trade is supplied with one-fourth or oneeighth barrel sacks, although quite a little goes out in one-half barrel
sacks. Twelve, ten, and five, and even three pound sacks are now
being demanded in some markets, especially in the large cities. The
study of mill figures is very much complicated by the fact that, while
prices “ per barrel” appear on the records, some shipments are on
the basis of 196 pounds per barrel and other shipments on the basis
of 192 pounds per barrel, depending on the law of the State to which
shipped.
Figures are given on page 42 as to the cost of the containers
used. The price of the flour depends to some extent on the container,
both because of its cost and the difference in labor required in fill
ing small or large packages. There is more nearly a definite market
price for feed, low-grade flour, and clear flour, than for patent or
straight flour. As a consequence the miller in figuring on a price to
be quoted for patent flour computes the cost of his wheat and what
he can get for the feed and lower grades of flour, and from these fig
ures determines the price at which he can sell his patent or straight
flour.
The sale of flour on the market has to be pushed either by salesmen
or by advertising, or by both. Practically every mill of any consider
able size sends out salesmen who have to work as hard to sell flour as
W H E A T AND FLOUR PRICES, FROM FARMER TO CONSUMER.
37
do salesmen to dispose of any other line of merchandise. Some sales are
made directly without the service of salesmen, but by far the greater
amount of flour is sold by the direct appeal of the salesmen. The
miller seeks a market wherever he can find it. In 1906 and earlier the
mills making flour from Kansas hard winter wheat had considerable
export trade which enabled them to work off surplus stock in the
markets of the world at any time, but nearly all of this export trade
has since been lost, which loss has intensified the competition in the
domestic markets. The records of mills and their customers show very
clearly how the mills are continually crowding each other out of the
market. Sales are made to flour jobbers, grocers, and bakers. Some
mills seek to build up a trade in one of these lines, some another, and
others get trade wherever they can. The selling price of flour is by
no means uniform as between customers. The larger the contract or
the more the trade of a particular customer is desired, the lower the
price quoted will be. The expense of selling is also an item consid
ered in fixing the price. As a flour jobber is expected to find a market
for flour not reached by the mill itself, he is generally protected, or,
in other words, given a lower price than is made to the trade gen
erally. This limit of protection is usually from 10 to 15 cents a barrel.
In earlier years flour was often sold in large quantities for future
shipment, the season of shipment being spread over a period of
w^eeks or even months. Mills have found, however, that such fu
ture contracts often are not desirable and are subject to repudia
tion by the purchaser. They state that if the price declines before
the order is filled there is often a disposition on the part of the pur
chaser to withdraw from his contract or to find fault with the flour.
The tendency on the part of millers is to make contracts for prompt
shipment to avoid repudiation of contract or disputes about the flour
that may arise should the market price of flour decline, and also to
avoid loss to the mill should the market price advance.
All sales of flour are not made on the same terms. Some of it is
sold on time and some of it on arrival draft or sight draft. If sold on
time there is a discount for prompt payment. This discount often is
5 cents per barrel for payment in 10 days. Some mill records show
the terms of sale, but seldom could any record be found, at least
without great effort and much time, as to whether discounts allowed
on time sales were taken.
The table which follows shows the average monthly price paid for
wheat in six mills and the average monthly price received for flour
and feed in March and October, 1906, 1910, and 1911.
38
BULLETIN OF THE BUBEAU OF LABOR STATISTICS.
PRICE PAID FOR W H E A T AND PRICE R ECEIVED FOR CER TAIN W H E A T PRODUCTS,
MARCH AND OCTOBER, 1S06, 1910, AN D 1911—S IX FLOUR MILLS.
[The prices for each mill are exact averages, taking into consideration the quantity bought or sold at
each price.]
Average price received for—
Month and year.
Mill No. 1:
March, 1906..................................................
October, 1906..............................................
March, 1910_________
October, 1910..............................................
March, 1911..................................................
October, 1911..............................................
Mill No. 2:
Marnh, 190ft______ _______________
October, 1906..............................................
March, 1910..................................................
October, 1910..............................................
March, 1911.................................................
October, 1911..............................................
Mill No. 3:
March, 1906..................................................
October, 1906..............................................
March, 1910..................................................
October, 1910..............................................
March, 1911..................................................
October, 1911..............................................
Mill No. 4:
March, 1906..................................................
October, 1906..............................................
March, 1910.................................................
October, 1910..............................................
March, 1911..................................................
October, 1911..............................................
Mill No. 5:
March, 1906..................................................
October, 1906..............................................
March, 1910..................................................
October, 1910..............................................
March, 1911..................................................
October, 1911..............................................
Mill No. 6:
March, 1906..................................................
October, 1906..............................................
March, 1910............................... .................
October, 1910..............................................
March, 1911..................................................
October, 1911..............................................
Average (6 mills):
March, 1906.................................................
October, 1906..............................................
March, 1910..................................................
October, 1910..............................................
March, 1911..................................................
October, 1911..............................................
Average
Straight
price paid
Patent
flour, per
flour, per
for wheat
per bushel. 196 pounds 196 pounds
in bulk at in bulk at
mill.
mill.
Bran,
per 100
pounds in
buik at
mill.
Shorts,
per 100
pounds in
buik at
mill.
$0.732
. 675
1.066
.913
.849
1.031
$3.43
3.10
4.92
4.45
4.16
4.64
$3.04
2.94
4.65
3.88
3.47
4.39
$0.80
.72
1.05
.79
.95
1.03
$0.85
.83
1.13
.98
1.01
1.22
.742
.696
1.092
.947
.868
1.038
3.65
3.34
5.00
4.55
4.17
4.79
3.07
2.89
4.64
4.09
3.58
4.50
.80
.74
1.05
.81
.94
1.01
.82
.81
1.14
1.00
.98
1.20
3.35
.736
.677
1.053
.945
.869
1.026
3.43
1 2.82
1 2.96
4.48
4.08
4.00
4.38
.80
.76
1.04
.83
.95
1.05
.89
.86
1.13
1.02
1.02
1.20
.751
.691
1.081
.898
.848
1.018
3.29
2.95
4.58
4.17
3.84
4.42
3.09
2.78
4.44
3.63
3.34
4.12
.82
.82
1.03
.78
.95
1.01
. 86
.91
1.12
1.02
.98
1.21
. 763
.709
1.115
.978
. 831
1.031
3.51
3.31
5.16
4.53
4.19
5.06
3.32
3.16
4.91
4.32
3.05
4.77
.75
.76
1.03
.80
.93
1.02
.82
.83
l.il
.99
.98
1.22
. 770
.696
1.112
.969
.916
1.062
3.65
3.23
2 5.13
4.69
4.31
4.97
3. 48
3.10
25.16
4.56
3.78
4.70
!73
1.01
.82
.92
1.01
.81
.84
1.12
.99
1.07
1.22
3.23
2.97
4.71
4.09
3.69
4.48
.79
. 76
1.04
.81
.94
1.02
.84
.85
1.13
1.00
1.01
1.21
. 750
.691
1.087
.942
.872
1.034
4.84
4.39
4.11
4.62
3.49
3.13
4.94
4.46 i
4.13 1
4.75 !
1 In October, 1906, approximately three times as much patent flour was sold for export as was sold in the
United States. The export price ranged considerably below the domestic. No straight flour was sold for
export; and the domestic price of straight was considerably above the export price of patent.
2 A relatively large sale of straight flour at an exceptionally high price, and several sales of patent flour
at close prices were made this month.
In comparing the movement in prices of wheat and wheat flour par
ticular attention should be given to the price of feed, for when there is a
demand for feed at a higher price the miller can afford to reduce his
price on flour. As the price of wheat advances there may be an
increase in the price of feed sufficient to meet the increase in the price
of wheat, leaving the price of flour unchanged. Had feed not gone
W H E A T AND FLOUR PRICES, FROM FARMER TO CONSUMER.
39
so high in October, 1911, it is very probable that the price of flour
would hare been considerably higher.
A mill usually sells straight flour from 20 to 25 cents a barrel
lower than patent when the two are included in one order; that is,
when sold to the same person at the same time. The table shows
wide variations between the two kinds of floujr, however, in the
several mills and months, due to different conditions of sale.
The sales of clear and low grade flour occur so irregularly that the
fragmentary data available on the mill records are not presented.
Additional data relative to prices of wheat and also of flour and other
mill products are presented in the appendixes.
Appendix III, pages 98 and 99, shows the range of cash prices of
each of three grades—No. 2, No. 3, and No. 4—of hard winter wheat
in Kansas City, Mo., on each market day of March and October,
1906, 1910, and 1911. The data were compiled from the records of
the Kansas City Board of Trade.
Appendix IV, pages 100 and 101, shows for March and October, 1906,
1910, and 1911, weekly market quotations for patent, straight, clear,
and low grade hard winter-wheat flour, f. o. b. Kansas City; weekly
quotations for high patent and straight flour to buyers in Central
States, at Missouri River; weekly quotations by Kansas mills for
straight surplus or distress flour at Kansas City (surplus or distress
flour is flour sold at small profit or even at a loss to keep a mill run
ning or to raise money quickly); and weekly quotations for bran and
aborts, f. o. b. Kansas City. The data were compiled from files of
the Northwestern Miller.
Appendix Y, pages 102 and 103, shows for mill No. 7 the price paid
for No. 2 hard winter wheat, Kansas City basis, on the dates of pur
chase nearest the 1st and 15th of each month, and the quoted sell
ing price, freight charges included, of flour and feed in effect on the
1st and 15th of each month to customers in Kansas on an equal
freight basis. Prices are quoted for each month from July, 1908, to
October, 1911. Data for earlier months were not available.
Appendix VI, pages 104 and 105, shows for mill No. 8 the price paid
for No. 2 hard winter wheat and the selling price of flour and feed, all
on Kansas City basis, on one or more days of each month from Jan
uary, 1907, to October, 1911. Data for earlier months were not
available.
Appendix VII, pages 106 and 107, shows for mill No. 9 the price paid
for wheat and the selling price of patent flour in the years 1905 and
January to October, 1911, at one or two periods each month, and on
the nearest dates on which comparative purchases of wheat and
sales of patent flour were made. The grade of the wheat, and in some
cases the test weight, is shown in connection with the price.
40
BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS.
While it was not a part of this study to inquiic into the cost of
production, figures relating thereto at times were supplied by the
mills. One of the mills furnished the following:
COST OF PRODUCTION OF FLOU R , 1908-9 TO 1910-11—MILL A .
Item.
1908-9
1909-10
1910-11
Barrels of flour made...............................................................
138,995
162,356
175,103
Milling expenses........................................................................
Salaries.......................................................................................
General expenses........................................................J............
Total expenses of production.................................................
Selling expenses........................................................................
Profits....................................................... ..................................
Milling expenses, per barrel....................................................
Salaries, per barrel...................................................................
General expenses, per barrel..................................................
Total expenses oi production, per barrel............................
Selling expenses, per barrel....................................................
Profit, per barrel......................................................................
$20,622.28
9,243.04
14,830.00
44,695.32
10,640.59
24,254.51
.1484
.0665
.1067
.3216
.0766
.1745
$25,214.16
12,833.90
16,512.43
54,560.49
17,960.64
23,916.40
.1553
.0790
.1017
.3361
.1106
.1473
$30,843.93
20,061.93
20,241.99
71,147.85
23,547.42
29,871.91
.1761
.1146
.1156
.4063
.1345
.1706
The following summary production figures were furnished by
another mill in the hard winter-wheat territory for the years stated:
COST OF PRODUCTION OF FLOUR , 1900-1901, 1905-6, AND 1910-11—MILL B.
Item.
Bushels of wheat ground.........................................................
Barrels of flour made...............................................................
Feed made (hundredweight).................................................
Wheat ground per barrel of flour made............................... /
\
General expenses......................................................................
Repairs........................................................................................
Selling expenses........................................................................
Wages:
Office....................................................................................
Mill.......................................................................................
Interest........................................................................................
Insurance....................................................................................
Fuel.............................................................................................
Total cost of production and sale..........................................
Net profit...................................................................................
General expenses, per barrel..................................................
Repairs, per barrel...................................................................
Selling expenses, per barrel....................................................
Wages:
Office, per barrel................................................................
Mill, per barrel..................................................................
Interest, per barrel...................................................................
Insurance, per barrel...............................................................
Fuel, per barrel.........................................................................
Average cost of production and sale, per barrel................
Net profit, per barrel...............................................................
1900-1901
920,338
209,674
140,657
4 bush.
23.36 lbs.
1905-6
801,400
179,736
123,291
4 bush.
27.52 lbs.
1910-11
642,354
143,045
99,036
4 bush.
29.43 lbs.
$5,118.15
3,655.47
15,536.07
$6,373.81
2,433.54
13,715.05
$8,936.20
3,298.47
13,803.71
6,030.00
15,984.99
2,118.85
1,800.22
5,951.98
56,195.73
42,706.66
.024
.017
.074
7,045.00
17,469.78'
637.12
1,897.30
6,430.04
56,001.64
47,934.00
.035
.014
.076
7,847.50
17,730.51
1,205.37
2,039.10
6,474.70
61,335.56
20,650.05
.062
.023
.096
.029
.076
.010
.0086
.028
.268
.204
.039
.097
.004
.0106
.036
.312
.267
.055
.124
.008
.0143
.045
.429
.144
W H E A T AND FLOUR PRICES, FROM FARMER TO CONSUMER.
41
The semiannual balance figures of one mill for 1906, 1910, and
1911 are shown below:
BALANCE SH E ET, 1906, 1910, AND 1911—MILL C.
1906
Item.
January to
June.
July to
December.
1910
January to
June.
1911
July to
December.
January to
June.
July to
December.
491,548^
440,103i
308,76$
Bushels of wheat ground.
167,499
284,464?
Value of wheat ground.. $238,577.79 $340,669.05 $179,877.39 $431,951.01 $154,598.11 $267,679.60
$1,059
$0,981
$0,693
$0,941
$0.773
$0,923
Average value per bushel
37,688.62
110,181.80
70,098.53
97,249.89
37,342.54
63,468.02 '
Barrels of flour made—
Value of flour made........ $242,160.54 $346,642.98 $177,954.86 $425,977.30 $152,960.39 $261,972.63
$4,722
$4,380
$3,455
$3.146
$4.09(
$4.128
Average value per barrel.
Quantity of feed made
27,624
72,214
77,134
26,694
(hundredweight)..........
47,196
45,210
$64,561.39
$29,578.99
$75,560.2S
$28,420.42
$54,285.63
Value of feed made.......... $39, loo. 92
Avera^
$1,072
$0,830
$1,046
$1,065
$0,837
$1,201
hundredweight.
One of the most successful mills visited gave the following figures
as to profits per barrel of flour produced:
COST OF PRODUCTION AND PROFIT PER B A R R E L OF FLOUR, 1909 TO 1911—MILL D.
Item.
|
1909
j
j Per barrel.
$0,477
Gross profit.......................................................... .......................................... j
Cost of production..............................................
Net profit....................................... .......... .......................................... |
t
.257
1910
1911
;
! Per barrel.
!
$0,550
j
.306
Per barrel.
$0.555
.274
.244
.281
Another mill furnished the figures below as to cost of production:
COST OF PRODUCTION OF FLOUR AND NET PROFIT R E A L IZE D , 1909 TO 1911— M ILL E.
Year ending June 1 Item.
Barrels of flour made.
Cost of production.....................................
Average cost of production, per barrel.
Total net profit..........................................
Average net profit, per barrel................
Total gross profit, per barrel..................
1909
1910
281,590
311,646
315,122
$90,717.00 $100,003.00
.322
47,191.00
48,623?00
.168
.156
.477
.490
$107,086.00
.339
35,600.00
.113
.452
1911
42-
BULLETINS OF THE BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS.
The wholesale prices of the principal kinds of containers for flour
and feed are shown for March and October, 1906, 1910, and 1911,
in the statement which follows:
W H O L E SA L E PRICES OF FLOUR AND FEED CONTAINERS, MARCH AND OCTOBER,
1906, 1910, AND 1911.
Bags, printed, per 1,000.
Date.
i
Cotton.
Paper.
j Jute.
Bags,
not
barrels,
printed, Wooden
per 100.
per i
1,000. 1
I
!
[
:
Burlap J
barrel. ; barrel.
6 flat i 8 flat
hoops, j hoops.
b
j 140100&
barrel. barrel. |pound. pound.
i
1
$50.00 j §< <•50
$18.50
!
ibarrel.
1906.
Mar. 1 to 31............................... $31.75
1 to 21.................................
22 to 31................................
Oct. 1 to 31...............................
1 to 2 ...................................
28.75
28.25
3 to 11.................................
30.25
12 to 31................................
1 to lfi__________________
17 to SI________ _________________
$31.00 j $98.00
$35.00 j $39.00
$70.25"
68.25
20.50
35.00 j 108.00
46.00 | 71.00
45.00 1 70.00
47.00 | 72.50
35.00 |
39.00
;
s
i
............. i.............. !..............
............. j..............
77. 75 1............. i..........
i
i
76.25 i
!
|
j
!
1910.
Mar. 1 to 31...............................
1 to 4...................................
38.25
57.00 ! 85.00
36.75
5 to 6 ...................................
55.50 j 83.50
34.75
55.00 | 80.00
7 to 18.................................
19 to 31...............................
34.75
54.50
80.00
Oct. 1 to 31............................... j 34.75
53.50 ! 80.00
i
1 fn 9
_______________
3 to 4................................... i.............. 1.............. 1..............
3 to 18................................. 1.............. '.............................
5 to 17__________________ !_______ i________________
18 to 24................................
19 to 24...............................
25 to 31................................
21.00
31.00
21.00
31.00
73.50
5ft. 75
38. ftft ; 42.00
... . i
!
i
i
............. 1.............. [..............
| 37.00
75.50
72.75
41.00
54.00
56. 75
75.25
76.75
78.75
58.00
60.00
i
|
1911.
Mar. 1 to 31...................; ........... 32.00
1 to 17.................................
18 to 31................................1..............
Opt. 1 to 31_________________ 1_______
1 to 10.................................
31.00
1 to 22.................................
11 to 21................................
11 to 31................................
22 to 31...............................
23 to 31................................ | 29.00
!
s
50.00
8ft. no ! 2ft. fiO
I
29.00
! 20.00
29.00
48.00
77.00
SI. 50
85.00
1_______
_______ I.....
j 46.00 | 75.00
41.00
ii.6 6
62.25 i .............
88.25
.
i
! 37 on
58. 75 i_______
!
57.25
! sr.oo |
j
62.00 i
63.25 i
. . .
i
FLOUR JOBBERS AND WHOLESALERS,
Flour jobbing is carried on by firms engaged wholly in that busi
ness, by wholesale grocers, and by firms handling both flour and
feed.
The flour jobbing business is of two quite distinct kinds—orders of
carload lots and small jobbing sales in the same city or for local
shipment. In the first the jobber receives the order and places his
order with the mill. The flour is shipped direct from the mill to the
jobber’s customer. The jobber simply makes the sale and handles
W H E A T AND FLOUR PRICES, FROM FARMER TO CONSUMER.
43
the transaction; he does not handle the actual flour. On such a
transaction he really performs the same function as a mill salesman,
and in it he does not make a profit much above the cost of putting
a mill salesman on the road and assuming the sales risk. On such
sales the gross margin is considerably less than the margin on flour
jobbed from warehouses. When a car shipped direct from the mill
is split between two or more customers the margin is usually greater
than on a car lot.
In the second kind of transactions the flour jobber buys flour in
carload lots, receives it in his warehouse, and distributes it in small
quantities to grocers and bakers. He generally has sufficient capital
to buy for cash at advantageous terms and has a warehouse in which
he can store flour in considerable quantity. Most of the retail grocers
and small bakers are without much capital and do not have storage
facilities, consequently they can not for either reason conveniently
buy in carload lots. Without the jobber the mill would have to
establish local agencies and warehouses, or the small grocer and
baker would have to increase his price or go out of business because
of the higher freight on less than car lots. The small dealer buy
ing from a jobber generally buys on time, thus the jobber is the
banker of the small dealer. The jobber delivers in small quan
tities as demand may be made on him, thus the jobber is a warehouse
man for the small dealer. The jobber is even more reluctant than
the miller as to making contracts for future delivery because of
possible repudiation of contract.
There is no fixed margin of profit, and the margin is claimed by
wholesale grocers to be so small that some of them urge their sales
men to push other articles on which a larger profit can be made rather
than to push flour, and even not to mention flour unless a customer
asks for it. Wholesale grocers usually do not like to have a cus
tomer’s line of credit too heavily filled with flour, which runs into
money very fast. The flour jobber, like the grain jobber, aims to
make money on the fluctuation of the market even more than on his
margin on sales in a steady market. Occasionally a jobber can hold
to a fixed margin at least for a time, but in the larger centers compe
tition is so keen that wide variations may be found on the same day
on the flour going out to different customers. Gross margins on an
even market will average from 40 to 50 cents per barrel, on small lots
delivered to the customer in the city, or f . o. b. at the jobber’s station.
In city sales the length of the haul influences the margin.
There are firms whose entire business is jobbing flour, but probably
more flour is jobbed by wholesale grocers than by exclusive jobbers.
In many localities flour is also handled in connection with mill feed,
hay, etc. Such mixed trade is encouraged by the millers, who are
44
BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS.
always seeking a market for tlieir flour. So great at times is the
demand for feed that millers refuse to sell it unless a certain amount
of flour is also taken. Flour and feed dealers generally do a mixed
jobbing and retail trade in flour. Their jobbing sales are usually at
a profit smaller than that of the larger flour jobber. The fragmentary
data gathered from a few firms having such mixed trade are not of
sufficient volume to warrant presentation.
In two instances it was learned that flour jobbers fixed a price at
which flour must be retailed, and in one instance a mill stated that it
was necessary at times to discipline local retailers who demoralized
the price of a brand and the trade of the grocers by cutting the retail
price. So many competing millers and grocers are in each market,
however, that such a fixing of a price can hardly work a hardship to
the consumer. Only by convincing a customer that there is nothing
“ equally as good” can a miller force a retail price much above a com
petitive point. Illustrative jobbing figures as obtained from several
firms are presented in this section of the report.
A certain wholesale grocer (firm No. 1) made three contracts with
a miller in October, 1911, and two in December, 1911, at the following
prices per barrel in 24^ or 49 pound cotton sacks:
Oct. 18, 1911, 2 cars a t .............................................................................. $5. 30
Oct. 19, 1911, 2 cars at............................................................................... 5. 30
Oct. 23, 1911, 5 cars at.............................................................................. 5. 30
Dec. 16, 1911, 1 car at............................................................................... 5. 00
Dec. 18, 1911, 1 car at............................................................................... 5. 00
Under these contracts 24 or 48 pound sacks could be ordered at 10
cents per barrel less.
A part of the flour bought was received by this wholesale grocer
and sold locally. The greater part of the flour, however, was sold
by traveling salesmen to grocers in the territory visited by them.
These latter sales were mostly of joint car lots. A sufficient number
of orders were taken in a town or in nearby towns to make a carload.
The shipment was then ordered out from the mill to the town or
towns where sold and on arrival was distributed.
In the following table each date of contract of sale represents a
ear lot, and each line, except as noted, represents the sale to a par
ticular customer. Set opposite is the date of purchase from the mill
by the wholesale grocer, the price paid, and his gross profit.
W H E A T AND FLOUR PRICES, FROM FARMER TO CONSUMER.
45
PURCHASE PRICE AN D SELLING PRICE AND GROSS MARGIN PER BA R R E L ON
FLOUR H A N D L E D IN CAR-LOT OR SPLIT CAR-LOT TRANSACTIONS, OCTOBER TO
DECEM BER, 1911—W H O L ESAL E GROCER, FIRM NO. 1.
[Each date of contract of sale represents a car lot, and each line in columns 5 to 8, except as noted, repre
sents a sale to a particular customer.]
Purchases.
Date.
Sales.
Purchase
Date of contract
price
per
of sale.
barrel.
Date of invoice.
Number
of
pack
ages.
1911.
Oct. 18................
$5.30
Oct. 19................
5.30
f
1911.
1911.
Oct. 17................. Oct. 27................. )
1
1
f
Oct. 18................ Oct. 23................. 1
Oct. 23..............
5.30
Oct. 23................
Nov. 6.................
Oct. 23................
5.30
Nov. 1 ................
Nov. 6 . . ..............
Oct. 23................
5.30
Nov. 10...............
Nov. 18...............
Oct. 23................
5.30
Nov. 11...............
Nov. 27...............
Dec. 16...............
5.00
Dec. 16................
Dec. 23................
Dec. 18. - ............
5.00
Dec. 18................
Dec. 23................
.
50
250
100
150
150
, /600
\100
100
x (215
\ 40
100
135
no
100
i (140
1 24
60
i (7 o
\16
i 150
tie
240
,/2 0 0
\ 40
60
i/290
\100
50
100
150
50
100
100
100
400
i /8 0
\40
\30
100
i {80
\40
120
i/180
\ 50
l /86
\24
! /200
\ 50
Size
of
pack
ages.
Pounds.
49
49
49
49
49
49
24*
49
49
24*
49
49
49
49
49
24*
49
49
24*
49
24*
49
49
24|
49
49
24*
49
49
49
49
49
49
49
49
49
24*
49
24*
49
49
24*
49
49
24*
49
24*
49
24*
Selling
price
per
barrel.
$5.60
5.60
5.60
5.60
5.60
5.50
5.60
5.60
5.60
5.65
5.60
5.60
5.60
5.60
5.60
5.65
5.60
5.60
5.65
5.60
5.65
5.60
5.30
5.40
5.30
5.30
5.40
5.30
5.30
5.30
5.30
5.30
5.30
5.30
5.20
5.20
.5.30
5.20
5.30
5.20
5.20
5.25
5.20
5.20
5.30
5.20
5.30
5.20
5.30
Excess
(gross)
per
barrel of
selling
price
over
purchase
price.
$0.30
.30
.30
.30
.30
.20
.30
.30
.30
.35
.30
.30
.30
.30
.30
.35
.30
.30
.35
.30
.35
.30
.10
.10
.20
.20
.30
.20
.30
.20
.20
.25
.20
.20
.30
.20
.30
.20
.30
i Sold to one customer.
From the records of this wholesaler it is seen that one full carload
and the greater part of a second carload of flour was sold at the same
price at which purchased. The greater part of the sales show a gross
margin of 30 cents, although the margin is 10 cents in two cases
and 35 cents in four cases.
46
BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS.
The same wholesaler made a few sales locally. The next table
shows the sales made locally in October, 1911, from stock in the
warehouse. The price paid by the grocer for flour on dates stated,
and the difference between purchase price and sale price on dates
given are also shown.
PURCHASE PRICE AND SELLING PRICE AND GROSS MARGIN PER B AR R EL ON
FLOUR SOLD FROM W AR EH O U SE IN OCTOBER, 1911— W HOLESALE GROCER, FIRM
N O . 1.
[Each line in columns 4 to 7, except as noted, represents a separate sale. Some of the flour was delivered
to customers in the city, some at the railroad depot for local shipment, and some to out-of-town cus
tomers who did their own hauling from the wholesaler’s warehouse.)
Sales.
Purchases.
Date.
Purchase
price
per
barrel.
1911.
Oct. 18
..........................
Oct. 19
........................
Oct. 23.................................
[
$5.20
5.30
5.30
5.20
5.20
5.20
5.20
5.20
5.20
5.30
5.20
5.20
5.20
5.20
Number
Size of
of
packages
packages. (pounds).
Date.
1911.
Oct. 18.................................
Oct. 19.................................
........do...................................
Oct. 20.................................
Oct. 23................................. !
Oct. 24.................................
........d o ..................................
J
\
Oct. 27.................................
........do...................................
........do...................................
8
20
12
12
16
8
8
40
16
20
1
12
12
1
48
49
49
48
48
48
48
48
24
49
48
48
48
48
Selling
price
per
barrel.
$5.80
5.80
5.80
5.80
5.80
5.80
5.80
5.80
5.90
5.80
5.80
5.80
5.80
5.80
Excess
(gross)
per barrel
of selling
price over
purchase
price.
$0.60
.50
.50
.00
.00
.00
.60
.60
.70
.50
.60
. 60
. 60
.60
1 Sold to one customer.
The gross margin per barrel on the sales from warehouse varied
from 50 cents to 70 cents. The majority of the sales were at a gross
margin of 60 cents per barrel.
A flour jobber (firm No. 2) bought during the period June to
December, 1911, four cars of flour from a hard winter-wheat mill,
as follows:
June 12, 1911, grade 1 at $4.40 or grade 2 at $4.20.
October 9, 1911, grade 1 at $4.70 or grade 2 at $4.50.
November 9, 1911, grade 1 at $4.70 or grade 2 at $4.50.
December 1, 1911, grade 1 at $4.90 or grade 2 at $4.70.
Under these contracts either grade could be taken, and in 98-pound,
48-pound, or 24-pound sacks at the same price.
The records of sales were searched and sales on the same date as
the purchase or within a few days thereafter were copied and are
shown in the table which follows. The sale to one customer shows
a gross margin of 60 cents per barrel, but in all other cases the gross
margin was 50 cents.
W H E A T AND FLOUR PRICES, FROM FARMER TO CONSUMER.
47
PURCHASE PRICE AND SELLING PRICE AND GROSS MARGIN PER BAR R E L ON
FLOUR SOLD LO C AL LY , JUNE TO DECEM BER, 1911—FLOUR JOBBER, FIRM N O . 2.
[Each line in columns 4 to 8, except as noted, represents a separate sale.
the customer by wagon, j
Purchases.
Date.
Sales.
Purchase
price
Number
Size of
of
packages
packages. (pounds).
Date.
barrel.
1911.
June 12...............
Oct. 9 .................
Nov. 9.................
Dec. 1.................
\
All sales include delivery to
1911.
$4.20
June 1 2 . . . . . . . . . i/
4.40
\
4.20
J
4.40
i
4.70 Oct. 11.................
4.70 ........do..................
4.70 Oct. 12.................
4.50
4.70 Oct. 13................. l{
4.70 UCt. lo
1 Q.. . . . . . . . . J
4.50
\
4.50 \r/\rr n
if
4.70
i
4.50 Oct. 9...................
4.70 Oct. 11.................
4.50 Oct. 14.................
4.90 Dec. 1..................
4.90 Dec. 4..................
10
7
12
io
18
1
6
18
4
7
7
1(>
6
10
1
10
10
3
98
98
98
98
48
98
48
48
24
98
98
48
48
48
98
98
98
98
Grade of flour.
Second.................
First....................
Second.................
First....................
........do..................
........do..................
........do..................
Second...............
First....................
........do..................
Second.................
........do..................
First....................
Second.................
First
Second.................
First..................... '
........do..................
Selling
price
per
barrel.
Excess
(gross)
per barrel
of selling
price over
purchase
price.
$4.80
5.00
4.70
4.90
5.20
5.20
5.20
5.00
5.20
5.20
5.00
5.00
5.20
5.00
5.20
5.00
5.40
5.40
$0.60
.00
.50
.50
.50
.50
.50
.50
.50
.50
.50
.50
.50
.50
.50
.50
.50
.50
1 Sold to one customer.
The data below were furnished by a large wholesale grocery house
(firm No. 3). From July 26, 1911, to February 22, 1912, ten con
tracts were made with a Kansas mill for flour. The contracts per
mitted the ordering of flour of any of three grades—first patent, second
patent, or straight. Prices stated were on the basis of 49-pound and
98-pound cotton sacking; sacking of 24^ pounds to cost 10 cents extra
per barrel.
PURCHASES OF FLO U R FROM A CER TAIN M ILL, JU LY 26,1911, TO F E B R U A R Y 22, 1912W H O L ESAL E GROCER, FIRM NO. 3.
Price in 49-pound sacks, per
barrel.
Date of purchase contract.
Quantity
(barrels).
First
patent.
i
Second
patent. ! Straight.
i
1911.
July 26
Sept. 12.........
14
Oct. 12.........
20
26.........
Nov. 25
Dec. 2
1,500
$4.35
4. SO
500
500
4.80
1,000
5.35
1,0005.35
1,000
5.35
5.20
250
750
5.20
$4.25 ;
4.70
4.70
5.25
5.25
5.25
5.10
5.10
$4.15
4.60
4.60
5.15
5.15
5.15
5 .00
5.00
5.00 •
5.00
4.90
4.90
1912.
Feb.
2
29
1,000
500
5.10
5.10
BULLETIN OF TH E BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS.
48
The sales by this firm, as shown in the next table, are contracts
made and filled between the dates shown. The table does not include
contracts made but not entirely filled nor open-market sales, which
would have required a long search through the records. It was st ated
that such records would show about the same prices.
PURCHASE PRICE AN D SELLING PRICE AND GROSS M ARGIN PER B A R R E L ON
FLO UR SOLD U N D ER CONTRACTS MADE A N D F IL LE D FROM JU LY 26,1911, TO MARCH
11, 1912—W H O L ESAL E GROCER, FIRM NO. 3.
[Each line in columns 4 to 8, except as noted, represents a separate sale. All of the sales are to out-of-town
customers, and, except as noted, were filled from the firm's warehouse, and prices are f. o. b. Several of the
sales were filled from cars shipped directly to the customer from the mill with freight paid to destination
bv the mill, and some of these sales were filled from split-car lots.]
Sales.
Purchases.
Date.
Purchase
price per
barrel.
July 26,1911..
Sept. 12, 1911..
Sept. 14,1911..
Oct. 1 2 ,1 9 1 1 ....
Oct. 20,1911...
Oct. 26, 1911 ....
$4.35
4.35
4.35
4.35
4.35
4.35
4.35
4.35
4.35
4.35
4.25
4.35
4.25
4.15
4.35
4.35
4.35
4.35
4.45
4.35
4.35
4.35
4.15
4.35
4.35
4.35
4.15
4.80
4.80
4.80
4.80
4.80
4.70
4.80
4.80
4.90
4.80
4.80
4.60
4.80
4.60
4.60
4.70
4.70
5.35
5.45
5.35
5.35
5.45
5.35
5.45
5.35
5.35
6.35
5.35
Date.
Number
Size of
of
packages
barrels. (pounds).
July 26,1911.......
........d o .................
........d o ..................
July 27,1911.......
. . . . d o . ................
July 28,1911.......
July 31,1911.......
Aug. 1,1911........
........do..................
Aug. 2,1911........
........do..................
........do..................
Aug. 4, 1911........
........do..................
........do..................
Aug. 8, 1911........
........do..................
|Aug. 9, 1911........
Aug. 10,1911....
........do..................
Aug. 17, 1911....
Aug. 28, 1911....
Aug. 29,1911....
Sept. 5,1911.......
Sept. 7,1911.......
Sept. 8,1911.......
Sept. 15,1911....
Sept, 18,1911....
..........d o ..................
|........do .................
iJ-Sept. 21,1911....
| Sept. 22,1911....
jjsept. 25,1911___
Sept. 27,1911....
Oct. 2,1911..........
........d o .................
........d o .................
........d o ..................
........d o .................
........d o .................
Oct. 5,1911.........
jo ct. 17,1911........
Oct. 19,1911........
j-___ d o ..................
|___ d o .................
' Oct. 25,1911____
Nov. 24,1911....
........d o .................
........d o .................
1 Shipped direct from mill to customer.
20
50
50
50
155
160
50
25
10
75
25
20
25
100
25
37*
25
74*
3
lOi
5"
2i
75
42
21
10*
250
10*
12*
10*
40
10*
12*
10*
135
20
12*
52*
52*
10*
20
10*
10*
12*
25
1
40
18
2
100
5
4
75
20
10*
49
49
49
49
49
49
49
49
49
49
49
49
49
98
49
49
49
49
24*
49
49
49
49
49
49
49
98
49
49
49
49
49
49
49
49
24*
49
49
98
49
98
49
49
49
49
24*
49
49
24*
49"
24*
49
49
49
49
Excess
Grade.
First patent.. ...
........do..................
........do..................
....... do..................
........do..................
....... do..................
....... do..................
........do..................
........do..................
....... do..................
Second patent...
First patent.......
Second patent. . .
Straight...............
First patent.. .
........do..................
........do..................
........do..................
....... do..................
........do..................
....... do..................
........do..................
Straight...............
First patent,.,
........do..................
First patent___
........do..................
........do..................
........do..................
........do..................
Second patent. .
First patent.......
........do..................
........do..................
........do..................
........do..................
Straight...............
First patent........
........do..................
Second patent...
........do..................
First patent........
........do..................
........do..................
........do..................
........do..................
........do..................
........do..................
........do..................
........do..................
2 Sold to one customer.
per bar
rel of
Selling
selling
price per price over
barrel. purchase
price.
$4.85
4.80
4.80
4.80
i 4.75
14.60
4.75
4.75
4.75
4.75
4.65
4.75
4.65
4.50
4.75
5.10
5.10
15.10
1 5.20
5.10
5.25
5.00
1 4.80
1 5.10
5.00
5.10
1 4.60
5.10
5.10
i 5.10
5.10
5.25
5.15
5.10
15.25
15.35
5.40
15.25
14.85
15.25
14.85
14.85
15.15
5.45
5.50
5.60
15.50
15.50
15.60
15.50
1 5.60
5.60
15.40
5.25
5.60
$0.50
.45
.45
.45
.40
.25
.40
.40
.40
.40
.40
.40
.40
.35
.40
.75
.75
.75
.75
.75
.90
.65
.65
.75
.65
.75
.45
.30
.30
.30
.30
.45
.45
.30
.45
.45
.60
.45
.15
.45
.15
.15
.45
.75
.15
.15
.15
.15
.15
.15
.15
.25
.05
M0
.25
W H E A T AND FLOUR PRICES, FROM FARMER TO CONSUMER.
49
PURCHASE PRICE AN D SELLING PRICE AN D GROSS M ARGIN PER B A R R E L ON
FLOUR SOLD U N D ER CONTRACTS MADE AND F IL LED FROM JU LY 26,1911, TO MARCH
11,1912—W H O L E SA L E GROCER, FIRM NO. 3-Concluded.
Purchases.
Sales.
Purchase
price per
barrel.
Date.
Dec. 2,1911.
Feb. 2,1912.
Feb. 12,1912....
$5.20
5.20
5.20
5.20
5.20
5.20
5.00
5.20
5.20
5.20
5.30
5.20
5.30
5.20
5.20
5.20
5.20
5.10
5.10
5.10
5.10
5.00
5.00
5.10
5.10
5.10
5.10
5.10
Number
Date.
of
barrels.
Jan. 11,1912.
Jan. 12,1912.,
Jan. 17,1912.
........d o . ........
. . . . d o ..........
Jan. 22,1912.
........d o ...........
do.
.do.
jjan. 26,1912..
|___ d o ............
' ........d o ............
Jan. 27,1912..
Jan. 29,1912..
Jan. 30,1912..
Feb. 2,1912..
Feb. 6,1912..
Feb. 11,1912.
Feb. 12,1912.
........d o ............
Feb. 13,1912.
Feb. 19,1912.
........d o ............
i Feb. 21,1912.
! Mar. 4,1912..
I Mar. 11,1912..
12*
80
25
125
m
50
50
10
25
62
9
45
5
25
20
10
25
75
25
25
25
50
12*
m
10*
10*
20
1Shipped direct from mill to customer.
Size of
packages
(pounds).
Excess
Grade.
First patent.
....d o ....
....d o ....
___ do____
___ do____
___ do____
Straight...
First paten
........d o .....
........do____
........do____
........d o . ...
........do____
49“ ........d o . ...
49 ........do____
49 ........do____
49 ........d o . ...
49 ........d o . ...
49 ........d o . ...
49 ___ . d o ... .
49 ........do____
Second paten
49
49 ........do.........
49
First paten
49 ........d o . . . .
49 ........do___
49 ........do____
49 ........do____
49
49
49
49
49
49
98
49
49
49
24*
49
24*
per bar
rel of
Selling
selling
price per price over
barrel. purchase
price.
$5.60
15.25
15.40
15.30
15.40
15.40
$0.40
.05
15.40
15.40
15.40
15.50
15.40
15.50
15.40
15.40
15.40
5.50
15.40
15.40
15.50
15.40
15.35
5.50
15.60
5.75
5.60
5.55
5.65
.20
.20
.20
15.10
.20
.10
.20
.20
.10
.20
.20
.20
.20
.20
.20
.30
.30
.30
.40
.30
.35
.50
.50
.65
.50
.45
.55
2 Sold to one customer.
Another wholesale grocer (firm No. 4) made three contracts for the
purchase of flour from a Kansas mill between September 9,1911, and
March 2, 1912, as follows:
September 9, 1911, 2,000 barrels, in bulk at the mill, at $3.70 for patent or $3.50
for straight.
November 10, 1911, 2,000 barrels, in bulk at the mill, at $4.20 for patent or $4.00
for straight.
March 2, 1912, 1,500 barrels, in bulk at the mill, at $4.30 for patent or $4.10 for
straight.
Either patent or straight, or both, could be ordered on these con
tracts, at such times as wanted. Payment was made for each ship
ment by sight draft.
The cost of packages, per barrel, on the date of each contract was
approximately as follows.
5743°— Bull. 130— 14------ 4
50
BULLETIN OF THE BUBEAU OF LABOR STATISTICS.
COST OF PACKAGES PER B A R R E L ON EACH SPECIFIED CONTRACT D A T E.
Cost of each kind of package per
barrel on—
Packages,
September, November,
1911.
1911.
Wood barrels...................................................................................................
140-pound jute sacks......................................................................................
90-pound cotton sacks...................................................................................
48 or 49 pound cotton sacks..........................................................................
24 or 24i pound cotton sacks........................................................................
$0.45
.15
. 15
.20
.31
March,
1912.
$0. 45
.15
.16
.22
.32
$0.45
.15
.14
.18
.28
A part of the flour was sold by the wholesaler in car lots in different
States and shipped direct from the mill, a part was shipped direct
from the mill to salesmen or distributers in various localities and by
them distributed in small lots to local customers, and a part was
shipped to the wholesaler’s warehouse.
Records were available showing the car-lot sales from the above
purchases. The first car ordered was a split car, part of it being sold
to one customer and part to another. This car being sold the day
before the first contract of purchase was made represents closely the
profit on the market as distinguished from a speculative profit.
The following table shows the car-lot sales made by this wholesale
grocer from September 8, 1911, to March 25; 1912:
SELLING PRICE AN D COST PRICE AN D GROSS M ARGIN PER B A R R E L ON FLOUR
SOLD IN CAR LOTS U N D ER CONTRACTS M ADE AN D F IL LE D , SEPTEM BER 8,1911, TO
MARCH 25,1912—W H O L E SA L E GROCER, FIRM NO. 4.
(
Sales of Sept. 8,1911.
Sale of Sept. 12,1911.
Sale of
Sept.
28,1911:
Patent
flour
Patent Patent Patent Straight Patent Patent Patent in 49flour
flour
flour
flour
flour
flour
flour pound
in 49in 49in 49- in 241in 98- in 241- cotton
in 49pound pound pound pound pound pound pound sacks.
cotton cotton cotton cotton cotton cotton cotton
sacks. sacks. sacks.
sacks.
sacks. sacks. sacks.
Sale
No. 1.
Item.
Sale No. 2.
Sale of
Oct.
3,1911:
Straight
flour
in 140pound
jute
sacks.
Number of barrels sold........
50
40
15
45
125
55
25
145
178*
Selling price per barrel........
Discount of 1 per cent for
cash in 10 days..................
$4.80
$4.70
$4.80
$4.50
$4.85
$4.85
$4.95
$4.70
$4.65
.05
.05
.05
.05
.05
.05
.05
.05
.05
Net proceeds per bar
rel..............................
4.75
4.65
4.75
4.45
4.80
4.80
4.90
4.65
4.60
Cost per barrel:
Flour in bulk (contract
of Sept. 9,1911) . , .
Cost of sacks...................
Freight from mill to
customer.................
3.70
.20
3.70
.20 !
3.70
.31
3.50
.20
3.70
.20
3.70
.15
3.70
.31
3.70
.20
3.50
.15
Total cost per barrel.
Excess (gross) of selling
over cost price per barrel.
.51
.51
.51
.51
.66
•66
.66
.51
.87
4.41
4.41
4.52
4.21
4.56
4.51
4.67
4.41
4.52
.23
/24
.24
.29
.23
.24
.08
.34
.24 |
W H E A T AND FLOUR PRICES, FROM FARMER TO CONSUMER.
51
SELLING PRICE A N D COST PRICE A N D GROSS M ARGIN PER B A R R E L ON FLOUR
SOLD IN CAR LOTS U N D E R CONTRACTS M ADE AN D F IL L E D , SEPTEM BER 8, 1911, TO
MARCH 25, 1912— W H O L E S A L E GROCER, FIR M NO. 4—Concluded.
Item.
Sale of
Oct.
15,1911:
Straight
flour
in 140pound
jute
sacks.
Sale of Jan. 12,
1912.
Patent
flour
in 49pound
cotton
Straight
flour
in 49pound
cotton
sacks.
Sale of Feb. 1,
1912.
Patent
flour
in 49pound
cotton
Sale of Sale of
Feb.
Mar.
19,1912: 12,1912:
Straight Patent Patent
flour
flour
flour
in 49in 49in 49pound
pound
pound
cotton
cotton
cotton
sacks.
sacks.
110
Sale of
Mar.
25,1912:
Patent
flour
in 49pound
cotton
sacks.
Number of barrels sold____
250
120
37
155
155
125
Selling price per barrel.......
Discount of 1 per cent for
cash in 10 days........ .—
$4.20
$5.20
$5.00
5.30
$5.10
$5.80
$5.25
$5.25
.04
.05
.05
.05
.05
.06
.05
.05
4.16
5.15
4.95
5.25
5.05
5.74
5.20
5.20
13.70
.15
2 4.20
.18
2 4.00
.18
2 4.20
.18
2 4.00
.18
2 4.20
.18
*4.30
54.30
.51
.51
.51
.51
.51
1.14
.48
.48
4.36
4.89
4.69
4.69
5.52
5.00
5.00
4.20
.26
Net
re]
Cost per barrel:
Flour in bulk............... .
Cost of sacks................. .
Freight from mill to
customer.................
Total cost per barrel.
Excess (gross) of selling
over cost price per barrel
.36
.36
.22
.22
.20
.22
.20
1 Average; 154 barrels, at $3.50 (contract of Sept. 9,1911) and 96 barrels, at $4 (contract of Nov. 10,1911).
2 Contract of Nov. 10,1911.
s Contract of Mar. 2,1912.
4 Excess of cost over selling price.
Although there was an advance in the wheat and flour market in
the last week of September, 1911, it was not apparent in the sale
for September 28. The sale for October 15 shows a loss of 20 cents
per barrel. While this sale was made in October, delivery of the flour
was not required until in November.
There is no record on the books of this firm of sales of flour in less
than car lots, except such as appear in the orders of individual cus
tomers. The orders of several local customers were examined and
from them the sales figures below were secured. Owing to the large
number of orders on file, it was quite impracticable to examine the
orders of all customers.
The purchase price shown in the table covers the price in bulk at
the mill, and freight and the cost of the container. The sale price
includes delivery and storage.
Car-lot prices were not advanced in October as were the local
jobbing prices.
BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS.
52
PURCHASE PRICE AND SELLING PRICE AND GROSS MARGIN PER B A R R E L ON FLOUR
SOLD IN LESS TH AN CAR LOTS, TO A NUM BER OF LOCAL CUSTOMERS, SEPTEM BER
7, 1911, TO AP R IL 2, 1912—W H O L E SA L E GROCER, FIR M NO. 4.
[Each line in columns 4 to 8, except as noted, represents a separate sale. The flour supplied on these local
orders was received in jute sacks furnished by the wholesaler and repacked in cotton sacks.]
Purchases.
Date,
Sales.
Purchase
price per
barrel,
includ
ing sales
package
Nov. 10.
Number
Size of
of pack- packages
(pounds).
Grade.
Price
per
barrel.
1911.
1911.
Sept. 9.
Date of sale.
Excess
(gross)
per bar
rel of sell
ing price
over pur
chase
price.
$4.32
4.32
4.16
4.32
4.32
4.32
4.32
4.16
4.32
4.21
4.16
2.52
2.35
4.16
4.32
4.32
4.32
4.21
4.16
4.32
4.16
4.32
4.36
4.32
4.46
4.16
4.66
4.16
4.32
4.16
4.16
4.32
4.79
4.65
4.96
4.96
4.65
4.65
4.85
4.65
4.79
4.85
5.16
4.89
4.65
4.79
4.79
4.65
4.79
5.16
4.79
4.65
4.85
4.89
4.65
4.85
5.16
4.65
4.79
4.65
4.79
4.69
4.65
Sept. 7 ..
8
jsept. 1 1 .
Sept. 1 2 ..
Sept. 2 1 .
Sept. 23.
........d o . ..
Sept. 25..
80
....d o .
Sept. 27..........
. . . . d o ............
Sept. 28.........
|___ d o ........ .
Oct. 2 .............
Oct. 5 .............
Oct. 17...........
Oct. 18...........
........do ..........
Oct. 19...........
Oct. 20...........
Oct. 21...........
Oct. 25...........
Nov. 1 ...........
Nov. 2 ...........
Nov. 4 ...........
Nov. 7 ...........
Nov. 9 ...........
Nov. 14.........
Nov. 15...............
........do..................
Nov. 20..........
........d o ............
Nov. 24.........
|Nov. 25..........
Nov. 27..........
Nov. 2 8 . . . . . .
........d o ............
___ d o ............
Dec. 4 .............
........d o ............
J-Dcc. 6 .............
Dec. 7 ............
Dec. 9 ............
Dfec. 12..........
} — d o ............
Dec. 13...........
Dec. 1 5 ..........
........ d o ............
Dec. 1 8 ..........
Dec. 2 1 ..........
........d o ............
Dec. 2 6 ..........
|Dee. 2 8 ..........
........d o ............
10
40
8
200
80
2
120
20
30
24
*6
20
16
24
8
16
* 2
8
3
40
1
8
1
2
1
2
8
1
2
16
40
10
1
3
10
2
1
1
8
1
1
2
1
16
32
2
40
1
40
1
1
2
2
1
1
2
16
1
56
16
2
24*
24*
. 98
24|
24*
241
24§
98
24*
49
98
(2)
(4)
98
24*
24*
24*
49
98
24i
98
24*
98
24*
196
98
196
98
24*
98
98
24*
24*
98
196
196
98
98
98
98
24i
98
196
49
98
24*
24*
98
24*
196
24*
98
98
49
98
98
196
98
24*
98
24*
49
98
Straight...............
........do..................
........do..................
........do..................
........do..................
........do..................
........do..................
........do..................
........do..................
........do..................
........do..................
........do..................
........do..................
........do..................
........do..................
-----:d o ..................
........do..................
........do..................
........do..................
Patent.................
Straight...............
........do..................
........do..................
Straight...............
....... do..................
........do..................
........do..................
........do..................
........do..................
........do..................
........do..................
........do..................
........do..................
Straight...............
........do..................
........do..................
........do..................
........do..................
........do..................
Straight...............
Patent.................
........do..................
........do..................
........do...................
........ do..................
1 Sold to one .customer.
2 Unit of sale is bale of twenty 5-pound sacks packed in jute sack.
* Per 100 pounds.
4 Unit of sale is bale of ten 10-pound sacks packed in jute sack.
$5.00
5.20
5.00
4.75
5.00
5.05
4.85
4.90
4.90
4.80
4.70
2 2.85
^2.70
4.70
5.10
5.30
5.30
5.20
5.15
5.30
5.20
5.20
5.60
5.35
5.40
5.20
5.80
5.40
5.50
5.40
5.40
5.50
5.20
5.00
5.40
5.40
4.80
5.20
5.55
5.20
5.40
5.55
5.75
5.65
5.00
5.20
5.30
5.10
5.00
5.65
5.20
5.00
5.40
5.50
5.00
5.40
5.60
5.00
5.10
5.00
5.00
4.80
5.00
$0.68
.88
.84
.43
.68
.73
.53
.74'
.58
.59
.54
3.35
3.34
.58
.73
.99
1.04
.88
1.24
1.03
.94
1.04
1.14
1.24
1.18
1.24
1.24
1.18
.41
.35
.44
.44
.15
.55
.70
.55
.61
.70
.59
.76
.35
.41
.51
.45
.21
.49
.41
.35
.55
.61
.35
.55
.44
.35
.31
.35
.21
.11
.35
W H E A T AND FLOXJR PRICES, FROM FARMER TO CONSUMER.
53
PURCHASE PRICE AND SELLING PRICE AN D GROSS MARGIN PER B A R R EL ON FLOUR
SOLD IN LESS T H AN CAR LOTS, TO A NUM BER OF LOCAL CUSTOMERS, SEPTEM BER
7,1911, TO A P R IL 2,1912-W H O L E S A L E GROCER, F IR M NO. 4—Concluded.
Purchases.
Date.
1911.
Nov. 10..
1912.
Mar. 2 .........
Sales.
Purchase
price per
barrel, in
package.
$4.89
4.05
4.65
4.79
4.65
2.60
4.65
4.69
4.79
. 4.79
4.79
4.69
5.16
4.65
4.99
4.65
4.79
4.65
4.93
4.83
4.77
5.26
5.06
5.06
5.06
5.26
5.26
4.77
4.83
4.93
5.06
5.06
5.13
5.06
5.06
4.93
4.97
5.13
5.06
5.26
Date of sale.
1912.
Jan. 2 .........
Jan. 8 ..........
Jan. 10.......
Jan. 18..
J-Jan. 19..
Jan. 22..
Jan. 24..
L ... d o ..
Feb. 12.
........d o ..
[Feb. 15.
Feb. 2 0.
Feb. 2 4 .
[•Mar. 4 . .
____ d o ..
Mar. 5 . .
Mar. 8 . .
....... d o ..
Mar. 11.
Mar. 12.
..d o
Mar. 13.
Mar. 14..
Mar. 19..
Mar. 2 2 .
Mar. 2 5 .
Mar. 27 .
[•Mar. 2 9.
Mar. 3 0 .
Apr. 2 . .
Number
Size of
of pack- packages
(pounds).
2
1
2
32
2
9
?
16
8
40
8
80
8
1
2
8
(2L
24i
2U
2
12
20
24*
1
16
96
1
1
1
1
1
2
30
20
120
1
1
4
1
1
120
1
4
1
1
Grade.
Patent..
Straight.
........d o ..
24* ........d o ..
98 ........d o ..
........d o ..
98 ........d o ..
49 ........d o ..
.....d o ..
........d o ..
24j ........d o ..
49 ........d o ..
196
Patent..
Straight.
98
Patent..
Straight.
98
24*
98 ........d o ..
........d o ..
49 ........d o ..
98 ........do..
196
Patent..
196
Straight.
196 ........d o ..
98 ........d o ..
Patent..
196
196 ........d o ..
Straight.
98
49
24* ........d o ..
196' . . . . . d o . .
196 ........d o ..
Patent..
196
Straight.
196
49
24*
24*
24$ [["‘.do’ !
Patent..
98
24* ........d o ..
196
196
Straight.
Patent..
Price
per
barrel.
Excess
(gross)
per bar
rel of sell
ing price
over pur
chase
price.
$5.40
5.00
5.10
5.20
5.00
22.80
4.80
4.90
5.00
5.40
5.00
4.90
5.75
5.20
5.75
5.10
5.35
5.05
5.00
4.90
4.80
5.70
5.20
5.15
5.10
5.80
5.80
4.80
4.90
5.00
5.20
5.40
5.80
5.40
5.15
5.00
5.40
5.60
5.30
5.80
$0.51
.35
.45
.41
.35
3.20
.15
.21
.21
.61
.21
.21
.59
.55
.76
.45
.56
.40
.07
.07
.03
.44
.14
.09
.04
.54
.54
.03
.07
.07
.14
.34
.67
.34
.09
.07
.43
.47
.24
.54
i Sold to one customer.
* Unit of sale is bale of ten 10-pound sacks packed in a jute sack.
3 Per 100 pounds.
A wholesale grocer (firm No. 5) contracted for two cars of hard
winter wheat flour' in July, 1911, and for one car in October, 1911.
No purchases were made in the intervening months. The purchases
were—•
July 17, 1911:
Per barrel.
Patent, in 49-pound and 24-pound cotton sacks......................... $4.40
Straight, in 49-pound and 24-pound cotton sacks....................... 4.10
Oct. 18,1911:
Patent, in 49-pound and 25-pound cotton sacks.........................
5.00
Straight, in 49-pound and 24-pound cotton sacks....................... 4. 70
54
BULLETIN OF TH E BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS.
The invoices of sales to some of the purchasers of the flour for a
half month following each purchase by the wholesaler were searched
and a record taken of the sales as below:
PURCHASE PRICE AND SELLING PRICE AND GROSS M ARGIN PER B A R R E L ON FLOUR
PURCHASED ON JU LY 17, 1911, AN D OCTOBER 18, 1911, AN D SHIPPED OUT W IT H IN
A H A L F MONTH A F T E R EACH PURCHASE—W H O L E SA L E GROCER, FIRM NO. 5.
[Each line represents a separate sale. Some of these sales were made to grocers in the same city and the
flour was delivered to them, except in a few cases. Other sales were made to out-of-town grocers, in
which case delivery was made at the railroad depot. Freight charges were either paid by the purchaser
or have been deducted.]
Purchases.
Date.
Purchase
price per
barrel.
1911.
July 17
Oct. 18.
Date of con
tract of sale.
1911.
4.40 July 17___
4.10 July 1 9 ....
4.10 July 18___
4.10 July 2 1 ....
4.40 July 20___
4.40 July 22___
4.10 July 25___
4.40 June 29___
4.40 July 2 5 ....
5.00 Oct. 1 8 ....
5.00 Oct. 1 9 ....
5.00 Oct. 2 1 ....
5.00 Oct. 2 3 ....
4.70 ........d o ___
5.00 Oct. 2 4 ....
4.70 Oct. 1 8 ....
5.00 Oct. 2 8 ....
5.00 Oct. 3 0 ....
5.00 Oct. 2 5 ....
5.00 Oct. 3 0 ....
5.00 Oct. 2 1 ....
*5.00 Oct. 3 1 ....
Date of invoice. Quantity
(barrels).
1911.
July 17.............
July 19.............
....... d o ..............
July 21.............
....... d o ..............
July 22.............
July 25.............
July 31.............
....... d o ..............
Oct. 18.............
Oct. 20.............
Oct. 21.............
Oct. 23.............
Oct. 25.............
....... d o ..............
Oct. 26.............
Oct. 28.............
Oct. 30.............
. . . . . d o .............
____d o ..............
Oct. 31.............
------do..............
Grade.
2
10J
1
Patent...
Straight..
........d o ...
........do___
.* Patent...
........d
o ....
i
Straight..
Patent...
10 ........d o ...
2 ........d o ...
1 ........d o ...
2 ........d o ...
2 ........d o ...
5* Straight..
H Patent...
10J Straight..
Patent. . .
10* ........d o ...
6* ........d o ...
........d o ...
8* ........d o ...
........do___
J
10i
Selling
price
per
barrel.
1 $4.90
4.40
4.40
4.60
4.82
5.00
4.75
4.85
4.62
5.00
5.10
5.25
15.25
5.05
5.50
5.20
5.50
5.35
5.25
5.16
5.10
15.25
Excess
(gross)
per
barrel of
selling
price
over
purchase
price.
$0.50
.30
.30
.50
.42
.60
.65
.45
.22
*’*.’io
.25
.25
.35
.50
.50
.50
.35
.25
.16
.10
.25
i Hauled by purchaser from wholesale warehouse.
A wholesale grocery house (firm No. 6) made 11 contracts to pur
chase flour from a certain mill between August 17, 1911, and January
15, 1912, with a differential in price per barrel between 49-pound and
24|-pound sacks. Sales were made to the local grocers and bakers
and for shipment in small lots to near-by towns at local prices.
Local sale prices had to be taken from the invoices which were
filed by date of invoice. Very few of the invoices showed the date of
the contract of sale but it was stated that when such date was omitted
the invoice usually was for a sale of the same day or for not more
than two days preceding. Several sales of flour were made every day
and purchases were made some days apart, hence most of the sales
were speculative rather than on the market of the day of purchase.
The terms of purchase from the mill were cash in 30 days.
W H E A T AND FLOUR PRICES, FROM FARMER TO CONSUMER.
55
The purchase data and the sales data as secured follow:
PURCHASES OF FLOUR FROM A CERTAIN MILL, AUGUST 17, 1911, TO JA N U A R Y 15,
1912—W H O L E SA L E GROCER, FIRM NO. 6.
Price in
49-pound
cotton
sacks, per
* barrel.
Quantity
(barrels).
Date of purchase.
Price in
24!-poimd
cotton
sacks, per
barrel.
1911.
A ns?. 17_________
$4.35
COO
$4.25
Sept. 20.............................................................................................................
4.85
4.95
Sept. 29.............................................................................................................
310
4.90
4.80
Oct. 2 .................................................................................................................
210
4.80
4.90
585
4.85
Oct. 17...............................................................................................................
4.95
4.95
690
4.85
Oct. 27...............................................................................................................
Nov. 2................................................................................................................
4.75
4.85
im
92“
4.65
145
4.65
Dec. 8................................................................................................................
4.75
Dec. 14..............................................................................................................
400
4.05
4.75
1912.
Jan. 15..................
188
4.80
PURCHASE PRICE AND SELLING PRICE AND GROSS M ARGIN PER BAR R E L ON
FLOUR SOLD TO LOCAL GROCERS AND BAK ER S ANTD FOR SHIPMENT IN SMALL
LOTS TO N E A R -B Y TOW NS AT LOCAL PRICES, A U G u S T 15,1911, TO J A N U A R Y 23, 1912W HO LESALE GROCER, FIRM NO. 6.
[Each line in columns 5 to 8, except as noted, represents a separate sale. Where the date of contract of
sale was omitted from the firm’s records, it was stated that the contract of sale was of the same date or
not more than two days preceding the invoice of sale.)
Sales.
Purchases.
Date.
1911.
Purchase
Date of contract
price per
of sale.
barrel
$4.25
ug. 15, 1911.
4.25
4.25 Aug. 8, 1911...
4.35 ____do.............
4.25
4.25
4.25
4.25 Aug. 24, 1911.
.d o............
4.25
4.85
4.95
4.85
4.85 <1) 4.95 (l) ...................
4.85 0 ) ................................
4.85 Sept. 26,1911.
4.95 ....... d o ............
4.85
4.85 0 ) ................................
4.85
4.85
4.95
4.85 0 ) ................................
4.95
4.80
4.80 0 ) ................................
4.90 0 ) ................................
4.80 0 ) ................................
4.90 0 ) ................................
4.80
4.90 0 ) ................................
4.80 0 ) ................................
4.80
4.80
4.80 Sept. 29,1911.
4.80 ____do.............
4.90 ____do.............
S,
Aug. 17,
0).
(0C1).
Sept. 20.
Sept. 29.
C1)............
C1)............
C1)............
(l)............
C1)............
(1)...........
C1)............
Date of invoice.
Excess
(gross)
per barrel
Selling of selling
Number
Size of
packages price per price over
of
purchase
packages. (pounds). barrel.
price.
1911.
Aug. 17........
........d o ..........
........d o ..........
........d o ..........
....... d o ..........
Aug. 25........
....... d o ..........
........d o ..........
....... d o ..........
Sept. 26........
....... d o ..........
....... d o ..........
....... d o ..........
....... d o ..........
....... d o ..........
Sept. 27........
....... d o ..........
....... d o ..........
....... d o ..........
....... d o ..........
....... d o ..........
....... d o ..........
....... d o ..........
....... d o ..........
Sept. 29........
....... d o ..........
....... d o ..........
....... d o ..........
....... d o ..........
....... d o ..........
....... d o ..........
....... d o ..........
Sept. 30........
____d o ..........
------ d o ..........
____d o ..........
____d o ..........
49
49
49
24|
49
49
i
A
2 Sold to one customer.
24!
49
24!
49
49
24i
49
49
m
49
49
49
49
24i
49
24^
49
49
24§
49
24!
49
244
49
49
49
49
49
24!
$4.60
4.70
4.55
4.65
4.65
4.60
4.60
4.65
4.65
4.60
4.70
4.70
4.70
4.80
4.70
4.60
4.70
4.70
4.65
4.65
4.70
4.80
4.70
4.80
4.45
5.10
5.20
4.90
5.00
4.85
4.80
5.05
5.10
5.05
4.70
4.75
4.85
SO. 35
.45
.30
.30
.40
.35
.35
.40
.40
8.25
s . 25
3.15
3.15
3.15
3.15
3.25
3.25
3.15
3.20
3.20
3.15
3.15
3.15
3.15
3.35
.30
.30
.10
.10
.05
3.10
.25
.30
.25
3.10
3.05
3.05
115
BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS.
56
PURCHASE PRICE AND SELLING PRICE AND GROSS M ARGIN PER B A R R E L ON
FLOUR SOLD TO LOCAL GROCERS AN D B A K E R S A N D FOR SHIPMENT IN SMALL
LOTS TO N E A R -B Y T O W N S AT LOCAL PRICES, AUG U ST 15, 1911, TO JA N U A R Y 23,1912—
W HO LESALE GROCER, FIRM NO. 6—Continued.
Sales.
Purchases.
Date.
Purdiase Date of contract
price per
of sale.
barrel.
1911.
Oct. 2.
Oct. 17.
Oct. 27.
Nov. 2..
Nov. 13.
Dec. 8 .................
Dec. 14.
Date of invoice.
1911.
$4.80
4.80
4.90
4.80
4.90
4.80
4.90
4.80
4.80
4.85
4.95
4.95
4.85
4.85
4.85
4.85
4.85
4.95
4.85
4.95
4.85
4.85
4.75
4.75
4.75
4.85
4.85
4.75
4.85
4.85
4.85
4.65
4.65
4.65
4.75
4.75
4.65
4.65
4.65
4.65
4.65
4.75
4.65
4.65
4.65
4.75
4.65
4.65
4.65
4.75
4.65
4.65
4.75
4.65
4.75
4.75
4.65
4.75
4.65
4.65
4.65
4.75
4.65
Sept. 23,1911.
(2)...........
(2) ...........
Sept. 27,1911.
____do.............
(*)...........
(*)...........
(4) ...........
(4)...........
(4)...........
(4)...........
(4)...........
Oct. 10,1911..
------ do.............
____do.............
____do.............
Sept. 29,1911.
____do.............
(4)...........
M...........
(4)...........
(4)...........
(4) ...........
(4)...........
Oct. 26,19L1..
Nov. 7,1911..
------ do.............
------ do.............
(4)...........
(4)...........
(4>...........
<})...........
kov. 2l\'l9li*
....... do.............
(4)............
(4)...........
(4) ...........
(4)...........
(4)...........
Dec. 7,1911..
....... do.............
....... do.............
(4)...........
(4) ...........
(4) ...........
(4) ...........
(4>...........
(4>...........
(4>...........
(4
>...........
Dec. 20,1911.
(4)...........
(*)...........
(4)...........
(4)...........
(4) ...........
h ...........
Oct. 2...................
------ d o .................
____d o .................
------ d o .................
------ d o .................
------ d o .................
------ d o .................
Oct. 3...................
------ d o .................
Oct. 17.................
------d o .................
____d o ..................
____d o ..................
------do
------ d o ............
------ d o ............
------ d o ............
. . . . d o ............
Oct. 27...........
------ d o ............
____d o . . . . . . . .
------ d o ............
Nov. 2 ............
____d o ............
____d o ............
____d o ............
Nov. 8 ............
____d o ............
------ d o ............
____d o ............
Nov. 9 . ..........
Nov. 13..........
____d o ............
Nov. 21..........
....... d o ............
. . . , -d o ...........
....... d o ............
....... d o ............
____d o ............
------ d o ............
------ d o ............
____d o ............
------ d o ............
i>ec. 8 ............
....... d o ............
....... d o ............
....... d o ............
....... d o ............
....... d o ............
....... d o ............
....... d o ............
Doc. 14...........
....... d o ............
....... d o ............
....... d o ............
....... d o ............
Dec. ‘a )...........
....... d o ............
....... d o ............
....... d o ............
....... d o ............
....... d o ............
....... d o ............
1 Loss.
2 Not reported; evidently made several days before invoice.
Excess
per barrel
her
Size of
Selling of selling
over
of
packages price per price
purchase
tges. (pounds). barrel.
price.
41
32
16
80
80
40
20
4
4
4
8
4
42
8
4
8
32
16
10
24
4
40
2
4
1
4
24
2
4
1
2
4
2
12
16
8
&'
4
4
4
1
6
4
12
8
24
4
42
6
4
4
12
8
21
2
4
42
4
8
4
3
2
1
49
$4.05
49
4.45
4.55
24*
49
4.70
4.80
m
49
4.45
24d
4.55
49
5.05
49
5.05
49
5.10
24 V
5.15
24V
5.15
49"
5.05
49
5.05
49
5.05
49
5.05
49
5.00
24*
5.10
49
5.20
24£
5.15
49
5.10
49
5.20
49
5.25
49
5.20
49
5.20
24|
5.30
24|
5.00
49
5.25
24J
5.25
24£
5.10
24|
5.25
49
5.00
49
5.05
49
5.05
24.\
5.00
24J
5.10
49
5.00
5.00
49
49
5.00
49
5.10
49
5.00
24|
5.10
49
5.10
- 5.00
49
49
5.00
24h
5.10
49
5.00
49
5.00
49
5.00
24}
5.10
49
5.05
5.00
49
244
5.10
49
5.00
24J
5.10
244
5.10
49"
5.10
24£
5.10
49
5.00
5.00
49
5.00
49 !
m
5.10
49 i
5.00
3 Sold to one customer.
^ Not reported.
i$0.15
i.35
i.35
i.lO
1.10
i.35
i.35
.25
.25
.25
.20
.20
.20
.20
.20
.20
.15
.15
.35
.20
.25
.35
.50
.45
.45
.45
.15
.50
.40
.25
.40
.35
.40
.40
.25
.35
.35
.35
.35
.45
.35
.45
.45
.25
.35
.35
.35
.35
.35
.35
.40
.35
.35
.35
.35
.35
.45
.35
.35
.35
.35
.35
.35
W H EA T AND FLOUR PRICES, FROM FARMER TO CONSUMER.
57
PURCHASE PRICE AN D SELLING PRICE AND GROSS MARGIN PER B A R R E L ON
FLOUR SOLD TO LOCAL GROCERS AND B A K E R S AN D FOR SHIPMENT IN SMALL
LOTS TO N E A R -B Y TO W N S AT LOCAL PRICES, AUG UST 15,1911, TO J A N U A R Y 23,1912—
W H O L ESAL E GROCER, FIR M NO. 6—Concluded.
Purchases.
Purchase
Date of contract
i price per
of sale.
barrel.
Date.
1912
(gross)
per barrel
of
selling
Selling
. Number
Size of
Date of invoice. !
of
jackages price per price over
purchase
\packages. (pounds). barrel.
price.
.
1912.
$4.
4.
4.
4.
4.
4.
4.
4.
4.
4.
4.
4.
Jan.15.
4
4.
4.
4.
.
4
4.
(r)...........
C1)...........
0)...........
Kl) ...........
Sept. 23,1911 .
Jan. 13, 1912 .
0)............
0 ) ............
Jan. 22,‘ 5.912 !'
____do..............
...........
(l)...........
0)...........
C1) ............
(l)
Jan. 22,1912 ..
Jan.15.
....... d o .
....... d o .
....... d o .
....... d o .
....... d o .
....... d o .
Jan. 22.
Jan. 23.
....... d o .
....... d o .
....... d o .
....... d o .
....... d o .
....... d o .
....... d o .
....... d o .
....... do .
16 !
8 i
8 ;
8 !
58
21 i
8
8 !
8 !
8 !
16 !
20 i
8 j
8 |
42 i
4 }
8 '
4
$0.20
.20
.20
.20
3 .20
5.10
5.00
5.10
4.60
5.05
5.10
5.05
5.00
5.10
5.10
5.00
5.10
5.15
5.00
5.00
5.10
5.10
.25
.20
. 25
.20
.20
.20
.20
.20
.25
.20
.20
.20
.20
3 Loss.
2 Sold to one customer.
1 Not reported.
00
49
24*
49
24*
49
49
24i
49
49
24i
24£
49
24J
24£
49
49
24£
24i
This wholesale grocer (firm No. 6) also sold several car lots
during the period on orders taken by the firm’s traveling salesmen.
Shipments were made directly from the mill to the customer with
freight paid by the mill. Data relative to these sales follow:
PURCHASE PRICE AND SELLING PRICE AND GROSS MARGIN PER BA R R E L ON FLOUR
SHIPPED DIRECT FROM MILL TO CUSTOMER W IT H FREIG HT PAID B Y M ILL, A U
GUST 26, 1911, TO J A N U A R Y 4, 1912-WHOLESALE GROCER, FIRM NO. 6.
[Kach line or each group of lines bracketed together in columns 6 to 9 represents a separate sale.
sales were made in car lots on orders taken by traveling salesmen.]
Pales.
Purchases.
Date.
Aug. 17.........
Sept. 26.........
Oct. 1 7 ..........
Nov. 2 ...........
Nov. 13.........
Dec. 8 ...........
Dec. 1 4 ..........
Excess
Num
Size of I! Purchase
packcontract Date of invoice. ber of
|price per Dateofofsale.
pack
barrel.
(flfs.).
ages.
1911.
1911.
98
. 49
49
. 24J
i 49
24|
I 49
■ 49
24.J49
49
> 24J
.
49
24|
1 Sold to one customer.
2 Average loss.
$4.20
4.25 Aug. 26___
4.85
4.95
4.85
4.95 jo c t. 16 ____
4.85 Oct. 14____
4.75
4.85 Joct. 1 0 ....
4.65 July 6 ........
4.6.5 |Dec. 1 ^ ___
4.75
1912.
4.65
4. 75
j-Jan. 4......
These
per barrel
Size of Selling of selling
pack
price price over
ages
per
purchase
(lbs.). barrel.
price.
1911.
Sept. 26.
Dec. 7 ...
Nov. 6 . .
Nov. 17.
Dec. 12..
1912.
Jan. 11........
( 10
M 5* 0 ;
i ( so ;!
W
! \
•
if
IV
;
J
|\
*>0 I
40 !
620 I1
410 !
80 1
368 :
480 I
200 1
J 532 ;
. \ 80 |
j
98
$4.40
49
4.40
4.50
24J
49 i 4.90
24i
49" |
49 i
24>,
49'
49
241
49
241
5.00
4.90
4.85
4.95
4.35
4.80
$0.20
2.373
2.45
.05
.05
.05
.10
.10
4.90
".30
.15
.15
4.75
4.85
.10
.10
3 Loss.
4 Divided among three customers, two December 1 and one December 7.
58
BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS.
The jobbing firm (No. 7) for which figures are given below pays
cash within 10 days of the invoice date for flour bought and allows
10 cents per barrel off for cash in 10 days on jobbing sales of flour.
Some customers take the discount, but it was wholly impracticable
to search through the ledger accounts to see how many took it and
how many did not. Sacks of 49 pounds and of 24 pounds cost the
same per barrel. Each contract of purchase shown was for 200 bar
rels except those of September 9 and March 2 , each of which was
for 400 barrels. All prices relate to patent flour of the same grade.
The sales reported are representative local jobbing sales, of which a
sufficient number was copied to illustrate the margin. The selling
price includes delivery.
PURCHASE PRICE AN D SELLING PRICE AND GROSS M ARGIN PER B A R R E L ON P A T E N T
F LO U R , LOCAL JOBBING SALES, FROM AU GUST 7, 1911, TO MARCH 22, 1912—FLO U R
JOBBER , FIRM NO. 7.
[Each line represents a separate sale. The jobber pays cash within 10 days-of invoice date and on jobbing
sales allows 10 cents per barrel for cash in 10 days. Only a part of the jobber’s customers pay cash.
The discount for cash has not been deducted from either cost or selling price in this table.]
Purchases.
Date.
Sales.
Purchase
price per
barrel.
1911.
Aug. 7.
Sept. 9.
Sept. 22.,
Oct. 14.
Dale of contract of sale.
Number
Size of
of
packages
packages. (pounds).
Price
per
barrel.
Excess
(gross)
per barrel
of selling
price over
purchase
price.
1911.
$4.45
4.50
4.60
4,95
'Aug. 7...............
___ do.................
Aug. 8 ...............
Aug. 9...............
Aug. 10..............
Aug. 12..............
Aug. 17..............
Aug. 19..............
Aug. 23..............
Aug. 25..............
Sept. 9 ...............
Sept. 11.............
Sept. 12.............
Sept. 19.............
.. ..d o ................
Sept. 22.............
----- do.................
Sept. 26.............
Sept . 27.............
-----do.................
Oct. 13...............
Oct. 14...............
Oct. 17...............
Oct. 18...............
Oct. 19..
Oct. 20..
Oct. 21..
Oct. 23. ___ d o ..
Oct. 24..
Oct. 25..
Oct. 26..
Oct. 27..
___ d o ..
Oct. 28..
Oct. 31..
40
4
20
4 '
4 i
8!
8;
8;
4 i
81
32 ;
4 I
40 i
4 :
16 !
1’
8i
32 I
28 !
8 i
4 i
6!
48
24
20
4
*
j
I
1
49 1
49 :
49
49
49
49
24
49
49
49
49
49
49
24
49
24
49 I
49 |
49 !
24
49
49
24
49
49
24
49
24
49
49
49
49
24
49
24
$4.90
4.90
4.90
4.90
4.90
4.90
4.90
4.90
4.90
4.90
5.10
4.90
5.20
5.10
5.10
5.10
5.10
5.10
5.10
5.10
5.40
5.40
5.40
5.40
5.40
5.40
5.40
5.30
5.30
5.40
5.40
5.40
5.40
5.40
5.40
5.40
$0. 45
.45
.45
.45
.45
.45
.45
.45
.45
.45
.60
.40
.70
.60
.60
.50
.50
.50
.50
.50
.80
.45
.45
.45
.45
.45
.45
.35
.35
.45
.45
.45
.45
.45
.45
.45
W H E A T AND FLOUR PRICES, FROM FARMER TO CONSUMER.
59
PURCHASE PRICE AN D SELLING PRICE AN D GROSS M ARGIN PER B A R R E L ON P A T EN T
FLO U R , LOCAL JOBBING SALES, FROM AU GUST 7, 1911, TO MARCH 22, 1912—FLO U R
JOBBER, FIR M NO. 7—Concluded.
Sales.
Purchases.
Date.
1911.
Dec. 16.................................
Purchase
price per
barrel.
1911.
(Dec. 16.................................
Dec. 18.................................
Dec. 19.................................
Dec. 21.................................
Dec. 22.................................
Dec. 26.................................
Dec. 27.................................
$4.95
dn
Dec. 30.................................
Jan. 19.................................
Jan. 31.................................
(Feb. 5 ..................................
Feb. 6...................................
F e b .7..................................
Feb. 9 ..................................
F e b .15................................
5.00 Feb 16
Feb. 22................................
Feb. 24................................
Feb. 27.................................
Mar. 2 ...................................
8
20
40
4
8
4
8
JO'
8
24
49
49
49
49
24
24
40
Tttf
49
$5.40
5.40
5.40
5.40
5. 40
5.40
5.40
5.40
5.40
$0.45
.45
.45
.45
.45
.45
.45
. iO
.45
32
32
24
8
2
2
20
4
2
4
40
8
20
4
8
4
10
12
32
16
4
8
8
4
2
20
49
49
24
49
49
49
49
49
24
49
49
24
49
49
49
49
49
49
49
24
24
24
49
24
49
49
5.25
5.40
5.40
5.40
5.40
5.40
5.40
5.40
5.40
5 .40
5.40
5.40
5.40
5.40
5.40
5.40
5.40
5.40
5.40
5.40
5.40
5.40
5.40
5.40
5.40
5.40
.30
.45
.45
.40
.40
.40
.40
.40
.W
.40
.40
.40
.40
.40
.40
.40
.40
.40
.40
.40
.40
.40
.40
.40
.40
.40
1913.
1913.
Feb. 5...................................
Date of contract of sale.
Excess
(gross)
per barrel
Number
Size of
Selling of selling
of
packages price per price over
packages. (pounds). barrel. purchase
price.
5.00
Mar. 7..................................
Mar. 8 ..................................
Mar. 12................................
Mar. 14................................
Mar, 15............................
Mar. 18................................
Mar. 19................................
Mar. 21................................
___ do*..................................
•Mar. 22................................
Another jobbing firm (firm No. 8) handles a patent hard winterwheat flour. The purchase prices are net. Flour in 49-pound sacks
and in 24-pound sacks cost the jobber the same price per barrel.
The contracts were made for quantities ranging from 200 barrels to
1,000 barrels.
BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS.
60
A sufficient number of representative jobbing sales are presented
in the following table to illustrate the gross margin:
PURCHASE PRICE AND SELLING PRICE AND GROSS M ARGIN PER B A R R E L ON FLO U R ,
JOBBING SALES, AUGUST 21, 1911, TO MARCH, 1912—FLOUR JOBBER, FIR M NO. 8.
{Each line represents a separate sale. The cost price is net; out-of-town sales f. o. b. with discount of 1 per
cent for castiin 10 days; city sales delivered with discount of 10 cents per barrel for cash on the Monday
following the transaction. The records of the firm do not show size of packages sold.]
Purchases.
Date.
1911.
Aug. 21.................
Sept. 28.................
Oct. 2....................
Oct. 14..................
Oct. 30..................
Nov. <
Sales.
Selling price per
barrel.
Purchase
price
per
barrel.
Date.
1911.
Aug. 21.
Aug. 22..
$4.40 -----d o . . .
Aug. 26..
[Sept. 28.
4.75 . . . . d o . .
Sept. 29.
Oct. 2 ...
Oct. 3 ...
Oct. 4 ...
4.80 ___ d o ..
Oct. 6 ...
Oct. 11..
Oct. 14..
Oct. 16..
----- d o ..
-----d o ...
Oct, 30..
Oct. 31..
4.85 Nov. 2 ..
-----d o ..
Nov. 4 ..
Nov. 9 ..
.. . . d o . .
— d o ..
Nov. 10.
4.60 — d o ..
Nov. 13.
Nov. 14.
k___ d o ..
1912.
Jan. 5.
Jan. 19.
Jan. 25.
Feb. 16....
Mar. 25...
4.S5
4.85
4.80
4.85
2
2
I
2"
10
n
5
1
1
2
8
5
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
Out-oftown
$4.80
4.80
4.80
5.01
*5.*ii
5.20
5.08
4.97
5.20
5.40
5.40
5
5
5.22
5.29
1
1
10
1
2*
1
1
5
1
6
10
1
5
2*
5
10
5
1
1
1
10
5.20
*5*20
5.20
5.20
5.09
5.09
5.05
10
6
1
City
sales.
$4.67
5.30
5.15
5.23
5.14
5.26
n
12*
5
1912.
Jan. 5.
Jan. 6 ...
.d o ..
Jan. 8 .. .
Jan. 9 .. .
Jan.18..
— d o ..
Jan. 19..
___ do...
Jan. 20..
Jan. 22..
— d o ..
Jan. 24..
Jan. 25..
Jan. 26..
— d o ..
Jan. 27..
Feb. 16..
___ d o ..
Feb. 17..
Feb. 19..
___ d o ..
Feb. 20..
Feb. 26..
Mar. 25..
— d o ..
Mar. 26..
Mar. 27..
___ d o ..
___ d o ..
•Mar. 28..
Number
of
barrels.
5.29
5.40
5.40
5.20
5.20
5.20
5.09
*5*20
5.10
4.95
5.20
*5.' 09
5.07
5.20
5.00
5.02
5.20
5.20
5.20
5.21
i
5
1
2
3i
*5/27
5.40
5.21
5.27
1
10
2
1
8
10
1
$0.40
.27
.40
.40
.26
.45
.36
.40
.40
.40
.29
.29
.25
.35
.23
.12
.35
. 55
. 55
.45
.30
.38
. 51
.66
5.10
'5*07
Excess
(gross)
per
barrel of
selling
price
over
purchase
price.
5.40
5.29
.80
.62
.69
.80
.40
.40
.30
.40
.29
.40
.30
.10
.35
.24
.22
!35
. 22
.15
.17
.35
.35
.40
.41
.60
.47
.60
.41
.47
.65
.44
5.40
5.40
5.21
5.18
5.40
.36
.33
.55
W H E A T AND FLOUR PRICES, FROM FARMER TO CONSUMER.
61
Tho flour-jobbing firm (No. 9) furnishing the following data
handles a standard patent hard winter-wheat flour:
PURCHASE PRICE AN D SELLING PRICE AN D GROSS M ARGIN PER B A R R E L ON P A T E N T
FLOUR , AUG UST 18, 1911, TO F E B R U A R Y 19, 1912—FLOUR JOBBER, FIR M N O . 9.
[Each line in columns 4 to 8, except as noted, represents a separate sale, The sales are representative transac
tions on dates the same as, or a few days subsequent to, the dates of purchase. Out-of-town sales, f. o. b.
jobber’s town. City sales, delivered.!
Sales.
Purchases.
Date.
Purchase
price
per
barrel.
Date.
1911.
City sales.
_______________ I
Net
| price
Number
Size of ;
per
(barrels).1 of pack packages ' barrel,
ages.
(pounds).!
Out-oftown
1911.
Aug. 18.....................
.. ..d o ........................
Aug. 18.,
$4.85
Sept. 5..
4.80
Sept. 9.,
4.85
Sept. 22..
4.95
Oct. 12.
5.20
Oct. 18.
5.30
Oct. 31.
5.25
Aug. 19.
Aug. 22.
Aug. 24.
Sept. 5 ..
___ d o...
Sept.
Sept.
Sept.
Sept.
Sept.
10
10
9 ..
19.
20.
21.
22.
___ d o...
Sept. 30.
Oct. 12..
Oct. 13..
Oct. 14..
Oct. 16..
Oct. 17..
-----d o ...
Oct. 18..
. . ..d o ...
10
2/
\
....d o .
Nov. 1.
5.10
Nov. 9.
5.10
Oct. 31........................
Nov. 1 .........................
___ do..........................
Nov. 2 .........................
Nov. 6 .........................
___ do..........................
....d o .........................
Nov. 7 .........................
Nov. 8 .........................
___ do..........................
Nov. 9 .........................
___ do..........................
Nov. 10.......................
Nov. 11.
Nov. 17.
1913.
49
49
24
24
49
49
4
2
8
60
4
8
8
8
4
!2
16
8
8
49
49
24
49
49
49
24
24
49
49
24
49
24
i
10
2/
10
1
2/
\
$5.30
5.50
5.50
5.50
5.50
5.50
5.50
5.30
5.50
5.50
5.50
5.50
5.40
5.40
5.30
5.50
5.50
5.50
5.50
5.50
5.60
5.60
5.60
5.60
5.60
5.60
5.50
5.60
5.60
5.60
5.60
5.60
5.80
5.80
5.70
5.60
5.70
5.80
5.80
5.50
5.70
5.80
5.80
5.80
5.80
5.70
5.70
5.70
5.70
5.60
$0.45
.65
.65
.65
.65
.65
.65
.50
.70
.70
.65
.65
.55
.55
.45
.55
.55
.55
.55
.55
.40
.40
.40
.40
.40
.40
.30
.30
.30
.30
.30
.30
.55
.55
.60
.50
.60
.70
.70
.40
.60
.70
.70
.70
.70
.60
.60
.60
.60
.50
5.70
5.70
5.70
5.70
5.70
5.70
5.60
5.70
5.70
.40
.40
.40
.40
.40
.40
.30
.40
.40
1912.
Feb. 15.
5.30
Feb. 16.
Feb. 17.
Feb. 19.
i Size and number of packages not reported.
8
1
6
8
8
4
i
Feb. 13.
Feb. 13.
49
24
49
24
49 I
49 i
Excess
(gross)
per
barrel of
selling
price
over
purchase
10
2 Sold to one customer.
62
BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS.
Figures were secured from one firm (No. 10) that blends all flour
handled before putting it 011 the market. It buys both hard springwheat flour and hard winter-wheat flour of three grades—patent,
straight, and clear. The flours are run through a blending machine
to be blended or mixed. Three grades of blended flour that are ap
proximately patent, straight, and clear in grade are sold by the com
pany, the grade of the flour depending on the proportion of the several
flours blended.
The figures in the table which follows cover all purchases and sales
from January 1 to April 15, 1912. Records were not available for
the fall of 1911. All purchases are draft on arrival, and sales are on
30 to 60 days7 time, with 1 per cent discount for cash in 10 days.
About 75 per cent of the customers, who are mostly bakers, pay
within 10 days and get the discount.
PURCHASE PRICE A N D SELLING PRICE AN D GROSS M ARGIN PER B A R R E L ON
FLO U R PURCHASED AN D B L E N D E D , J A N U A R Y 1 TO A P R IL 15, 1912—FIRM N O . 10.
[Sales can not be compared with purchases, by dates, on account of blending. This table merely sum
marizes transactions for three and one-half months. The cost covers freight charges f. o. b. city of sale.
The selling price includes delivery and storage in warehouse of purchaser.]
Purchases.
Quantity.
Grade.
Barrels.
2,250 Minnesota patent............
500 ____do................................
250 ____do................................
1,000 Minnesota cut straight..
250 Minnesota clear...............
750 ____do................................
1,500 ____do................................
250 Minnesota second clear.
150 Dakota straight..............
1,000 Kansas patent.................
500 Kansas cut straight........
500 Kansas straight...............
500 Kansas clear....................
250 ....... do................................
250 Iowa straight...................
250 Iowa fancy clear.............
500 ....... do................................
Average cost.
Sales.
Purchase
price,in
140-pound
jute sacks,
per barrel.
$4.60
4.50
4.20
3.85
3.85
3.75
3.70
3.25
4.40
4.40
4.15
4.00
3.85
3.50
3.90
3.65
3.45
4.055
Quantity.
Grade.
Barrels.
65 First....
155 ........d o ..
125 ........d o ..
........d o ..
100 ........d o ..
345 ........d o..
430 Second..
335 ........d o ..
1,310 ........d o ..
685 ........d o..
580 ........d o..
145 ........d o..
220 Third..
510 ........d o..
370 ........d o..
2,170 ........d o..
370 ........do..
1,245 ........do..
200 ........do..
110
Average price..........................
Average margin, per barrel.
Selling
price, in
140-pound
jute sacks,
per barrel.
$5.45
5.15
5.00
4.90
4.85
4.80
5.00
4.95
4.90
4.85
4.80
4.75
4.15
4.10
4.05
4.00
3.95
3. SO
3.85
4.409
.354
RETAILERS.
The grocer7s gross margin of profit (excess of selling price over cost
price) on a 48 or 49 pound sack of flour averages about 20 cents.
Under close competition it may drop to 5 or 10 cents, and with an
advancing market it may reach 25 or 30 cents, or even more. The
gross margin on flour in 98-pound sacks is about 30 cents, on flour in
24 or 24J pound sacks about 11J cents, and on flour in 5-pound sacks
about 7 cents.
W H E A T AND FLOUR PRICES, FROM FARMER TO CONSUMER.
63
In stores doing a credit business tlie price is usually the same for
cash or for credit sales. The market of hard winter-wheat flour
demands mostly one-fourth and one-eighth barrel sacking. Some is
sold in one-half barrel sacks and a very little in 5-pound sacks. Most
grocers claim that they make about the same amount per sack
whether flour is low or high. The same margin of profit, of course,
makes a smaller per cent of profit when prices are high than when they
are low. Flour is one of the staples said to be sold at a close margin.
With some dealers it is customary to change the retail price promptly
with a change in the wholesale price whether or not a purchase be
made at that time. Othci grocers lag behind the wholesale market
both when it goes up and when it comes down. Slight fluctuations
in the wholesale price often do not affect the retail price,
j; Practically all of the grocers visited called attention to the increase
in their operating expenses bet ween 1906 and 1911. They asserted
that there has been an increase in rent, in clerk hire, and especially in
delivery expenses. Horses are higher in price and horse feed is very
much higher. They stated that the great increase in the frequency
of delivery demanded has added to their operating expenses; that
whereas years ago the customers carried home their purchases, now
nearly everything purchased has to be delivered, and that while
customers were at one time satisfied with one delivery, per day now
they are often demanding two or three. Also, the introduction of
the telephone, affording an opportunity for frequent calls on the
grocer, has, it was declared, added to the frequency of delivery.
An examination of the records of grocers’ sales shows a great number
of small sales, each sale requiring the time of a clerk, the making out
of a sales slip, and generally, in addition, calling for delivery. The
cost of delivery of a small package of flour is practically the same as
that of a large package. As a consequence the margin of profit on a
barrel of flour must be larger when it is put out in small packages.
Occasionally a grocer is sufficiently forehanded and has such a
volume of trade in the flour of one particular mill that he can buy in
car lots, but the average grocer is compelled either by his trade, his
lack of money, or his limited storage facilities to buy in small quanti
ties from a jobber. Different brands of flour find favor with different
customers, and as a consequence the grocer is obliged by his trade to
carry many brands of flour. In many instances grocers were found
carrying as many as 8 or 10 brands. The total sales of flour, if all
centered in one brand, might justify buying in car lots, but the calls
for so many brands of flour make it necessary to keep a little of each
in stock and preclude buying on the best terms. Flours are con
tinually crowding each other out of the market and often it was found
that a flour handled in 1906 had been dropped and another flour
taken up by 1910 or 1911.
64
BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS.
The retail prices of different brands of hard winter-wheat flour in
March and October, 1906, 1910, and 1911, as taken from the records
of 41 merchants in representative markets in Kansas, Missouri, Iowa,
and Illinois, are shown in Appendix VIII, pages 107 to 112.
A special effort was made to obtain information as to the margin
of profit in retail sales of hard winter-wheat flour in October, 1911,
and in other months when data were available.
A large number of firms were visited in an effort to get retail prices
in 1906, 1910, and 1911. Often it was possible to get figures for 1911
or 1912, when no records were preserved for the earlier years.
The following table shows for 76 retail merchants the cost price
of flour at wholesale, the selling price at retail, and the gross margin
between those prices. The data are for various dates from June, 1911,
to March, 1912. The wide variation of the gross margin between the
wholesale price and the retail price is particularly noticeable.
W H O L E SA L E P R IC E A N D R E T A IL PRICE A N D R E T A IL E R S ’ GROSS M ARGIN
FLO UR AT VA R IO U S D A T E S, JUNE, 1911, TO MARCH, 191*2, B Y FIRMS.
ON
[Compiled from records of 76 retail merchants in Kansas, Missouri, Iowa, and Illinois. The wholesale
pri c e per sack shown is computed from the price per barrel, in sacks of the size specified.]
Kansas.
48 or 49 lb. sacks.
Lo
cal Firm Brand
No.
ity No.
No.
Date.
December, 1911.
____do..................
March, 1912........
October, 1 9 1 1 ...
____do..................
___ do....................
___ do....................
August, 1911.......
September, 1911.
October, 1911___
.do.
.do.
24 or 24.J lb. sacks.
Ex
Ex
Ex
cess of
cess of
Whole Re retail Whole Re retail Whole Re retail
sale
tail
sale
tail
over
over
sale
tail
over
price. price. whole price. price. whole price. price. whole
sale
sale
sale
price.
price.
price.
$1.50 $0.25
.25
1.60
1.45
1.40
.15
1.40
.15
1.65
.25
1.05
1.45
.15
1.40
1.45
.15
1.50
1.55
1.55
.15
1.60
1.35
.17i
1.40
•17£
1.35
1.40
.10
.20
.20
.20
.20
.22i
.22i-
$0.63f $0.75
.682.85
.70
.80
. 68§
.71*
•71*
.85
.85
.85
.80
.85
$0.11*
.16*
.10
.13|
.iii
.13|
W H EA T AND FLOUR PRICES, FROM FARMER TO CONSUMER.
65
W H O L E SA L E PRICE AND R E T A IL PRICE AN D R E T A IL E R S ’ GROSS M ARGIN ON
FLOUR AT VAR IO U S DATES, JUNE, 1911, TO M ARCH, 1912, B Y FIRMS— Continued.
Missouri.
98 lb. sacks.
Lo
cal Firm Brand
No.
No.
ly
No.
5
f
{
Date.
10
11
13
0 October, 1911........
I March, 1912............
8 ........do......................
14
9
15
9
16
9
17
9
18
9
19
9
20
10
6
21
9
October, 1911........
6
January, 1912........
[August, 1911.........
<November, 1911
[January, 1912........
July, 1911...............
October, 1911
(June, 1911...............
July, 1911...............
September, 1911
October, 1911........
November, 1911
October, 1911........
___ do......................
\November, 1911
February, 1912----xiugust, 1911.........
October, 1911
November, 1911
October, 1911........
\January, 1912.........
June, 1911...............
August, 1911..........
/September, 1911
December, 1911...
23
6
24 f
{
6
6
25
7 ,
6
27
11
28
6
29
6
6
10
6
30
31
32
f
1
33 {(
34
35
36
6 (October, 1911........
November, 1911
x^ugust, 1911..........
11 September, 1911
‘ October, 1911
November, 1911
6 October, 1911........
11 ........do......................
10 ........do......................
6 ........do......................
6 ........do......................
6 ........do......................
6 ........do......................
$1.22* $1.35 $0.12*
1.27* 1.40
.12*
1.35
1.37*
1.32*
/ 1.35
\ 1.37*
.45
1.35
.40
1.37*
.20
1.35
.15
1.37*
1.32*
.25
.30
1.35
.30
1.37*
1.32*
.30
.10
.20
.35
.35
1.50
1.45
.22*
.20
1.27*
1.45
.17*
1.22* 1.40
1.25
1.40
1.22* 1.35
1.20
1.45
1.15
1.40
.40
1.25
1.45
1.25
1.40
1.30
1.50
1.30
1.50
1.25
1.40
1.25
1.40
1.35
1.50
1.35
1.50
/ 1.25
1.40
\ 1.30
1.45
1.35
1.50
1.30
1.55
1.25
1.45
.50
1.15
1.40
1.45
1.30
.40
1.25
1.45
/l
. 25
.20
1.25
11.50
1.30
.40
1.50
1.20
1.60
1.30
1.45
.17*
.15
.12*
.25
.25
.20
.15
.20
.20
.15
.15
.15
.15
.15
.15
.15
.25
.20
.25
.15
.20
.30
.30
2.50
f...........
2.90
2.30
2.80
2.50
2.90
2.70
3.00
i
o
CO
1-
Bull. 130— 14------ 5
.17*
1.271
1.25
2.75
2.80
October, 1911
1.45
.10
2.45
2.50
10
.15
.12*
.17*
.10
.07*
.25
.22*
.10
.07*
.12*
.15
.17*
.17*
1.45
.35
39
1.27*
1.50
1.50
1.50
1.45
1.45
1.C0
i. eo
1.45
1.45
1.45
1. £0
1.55
1.50
1.35
2.90
38
$0.20
.30
.25
.35
2.55
6 ........do...................... 1 2.50
I 2.60
10 September, 1911
37
24 or 24* lb. sacks.
Ex
Ex
Ex
cess
cess
cess
Whole Re retail Whole Re retail Whole Re retail
sale
over
tail
sale
tail
sale
over
tail
over
price. price. whole price. price. whole price. price. whole
sale
sale
sale
price.
price.
price.
$2.45 $2.65
| 2.70 3.00
October, 1911........ \ 2.75 3.00
I 2.65 3.00
........do......................
/ 2.70 3.15
........do......................
1 2.75 3.15
{ 2.70 2.90
........do...................... \ 2.75 2.90
1 2.65 2.90
f 2.70 3.00
........do...................... \ 2.75 3.05
I 2.65 2.95
f2.70
........do...................... 1 2.70 |2.80
1 2.65 2.85
3.00
March, 1912............ /^ 2.65
2.55 2.90
1 22
48 or 49 lb. sacks.
.25
.20
.40
.15
$0.62* $0.70
.65
.75
$0.07*
.10
■68|
.70
.67*
.70
.80
.80
.80
.75
.0o
•68|
.70
.68|
.70
.67*
. 68£
.70
.67*
.80
.80
.75
.75
.75
.75
.80
.75
.111
.10
.061
.05
.07*
.061
.10
.07*
.65
.75
.10
| .68f /
\
I .70
. 66J
.60
.65
.65
.57*
.65
. 58f
! 58|
.611
. 63f
.62*
.631
. 63|
•63|
.63f
•63|
.63|
.611
.62*
.6l|
.60
.80
.75
.75
.75
.70
.72*
.75
.70
.75
.70
.70
.70
.70
.75
.65
.70
.70
.75
.70
.75
.75
.70
.70
.70
.75
.111
.061
.05
.081
.10
.07*
.10
.12*
.10
.111
.111
•111
.08|
.111
.02*
.061
.061
.111
.06?
.I l l
,ll|
.08|
.07*
.081
.15
.62*
.62*
.65
.65
.62*
.62*
.67*
.67*
.62*
. 65
.67*
.65
.62*
.57*
.65
.62*
.75
.70
.75
.75
.70
.70
.75
.75
.70
.75
.75
.80
.75
.70
.75
.75
.12*
.07*
.10
.10
.07*
.07*
.07*
.07*
.07*
.10
.07*
.15
.12*
.12*
.10
.12*
.65
.60
/ .65
\ .62*
.75
.80
.75
.80
.10
.20
.10
.17*
•HI
.10
BULLETIN OF THE BUBEAU OF LABOR STATISTICS.
66
W H O L E SA L E PRICE AND R E T A IL PRICE AN D R E T A IL E R S GROSS M ARGIN ON
FLOUR AT VAR IO U S D AT ES, JUNE, 1911, TO MARCH, 1912, B Y FIRMS— Continued.
Iowa.
9S lb. sacks.
Lo
cal
ity
No.
Date.
No.
i
$1.27* !$1.55 $0.27* :
1.27| 1.50
:1 - i
1. 25
1.50
.25 !
1.35
1.60
1.30
1.50
.20 1
1.35
•25 :
1.60
.23|
1.31* 1.55
1.20
1.40
.20
.22|
1.32 b 1.55
1.25' 1.35
.10
$0.63| 1$0.70 I0.06|
1.30
.10
1.20
.03|
.61* j .65
.10
1.30
1.20
1.15
1.25
.10
f 1.32* 1.45
.12|
;
!
1.45
1.30'
.15
1.33| 1.45
•l i i
1.32* 1.50
.17*
i
1.50
.20
1.30
1.15
1.50
.35
1.30
1.60
.30
1.20
1.40
.20 i
1.60
. 15 !!............. '; .........
1.45
. 45
•07£
1.37* /l
. 12*
\1.50
!
!
1.45
. 15
1.60
.133
1.31* 1.45
1.31J 1.50
.IS* ............. ............:............
[February, 1912...
[March, 1912.........
February, 1912...
........do....................
/June, 1911.............
\November, 1911..
September, 1911.
October, 1911....
January, 1912___
11
12
Ex
Ex- i
cess
cess i
,t•
cess
Whole Re retail Whole- Re retail j Whole- Re- retail
tail
over
over j sale
over \ sale I tail
sale
tail
price price, whole-; price, price. whole-! price. ! price, whole
sale
sale i
sale |
price, j
price. j
price.
October, 1911...
December, 1911.
March, 1932........
February, 1912..
/December, 1911.
\January, 1912...
March, 1912........
October, 1911...
February, 1912..
March, 1912........
do.
December, 1911.
........do.
10
24 or 24.V lb. sacks.
Ex- ;
Fii*mBrand
No.
4-- or -19 lb. sacks.
October, 1911___
____do....................
------do....................
Illinois.
58
59 f
I
60
61
6
21
6
22
6
i]
13
62 (
{
21
io
63
10
64
10
. 65
66
67
August, 1911...........
September, 1911
October, 1911........
December, 1911
January, 1912........
March, 1912...........
February, 1912___
........do......................
September, 1911
___ do......................
October, 1911.. ..
December, 1911
January, 1912.........
Ffibrnarv. 1912___
.March, 1912.......... '.............
October, 1911.. . . ! .............
September, 1911.. J .............
___ do......................!..............
-(November, 1911 . . J .............
February, 1912___ 1..............
j October, 1911........1..............
*November, 1911__ •..............
February, 1912___ !..............
N ovember, 1911__ •..............
10
February, 1912... J .............
(■January 1912
. J .............
6 \February, 1912____!..............
fAugust, 1911 ___ ‘.............
23 •IOctober, 1911
. . i .............
[November, 1911... i.............
i
!
$t. 35
1.35
$1.70 $0.35
1.60
.25 *
1.27* 1.65
1.35
1.65
1.35
1.70
/1
.80
1.35
\1.70
1.35
1.70
1.35
1.70
1.35
1.65
i. m
1.42*
1.75
1.75
i 1.45
\ 1.42*
1.42*
1. 42*
1.42*
1.75
1.80
1.80
1 .70
1.32*
1.32*
$0.61V $0.80
.80
.63|
.85
.67*
.85
.67*
.85
.«5|
.85
.67*
$0.18!
.16|
.67*
.63|
.80
.80
.12*
.16*
. 67*
. 67*
/
.67*
.67* {
. 85
.85
.90
.37*
’
.30
.35
.45 i
.35
.35
.35
.30
.32*
.32*
.19|
.17*
:t t
'• p
'.22$
.17*
.17*
.85
.85
.90
.90
.85
.85
.90
.16*
.16*
.18|
.18|
.15
.12*
.18|
i
.68|
.68|
.71*
.71*
.70 i
!
•S3
.a * |
.30
.37*
.37*
.27* ” ’ .*72** .85 ” \*i2*
.13|
( .85
.32*
.71* \ .90
1.75
.18|
1.50 1 .17*
1.50
.10
.70
.60
!
.10
.65 * .75
1
.12*
.67* 1 .80
W H E A T AND FLOUR PRICES, FROM FARMER TO CONSUMER.
67
W H O L E SA L E PRICE AN D R E T A IL PRICE AND R E T A IL E R S ’ GROSS MARGIN ON
F LOU R AT VAR IO U S D ATES, JUNE, 1911, TO MARCH, 1912, B Y FIRMS—Concluded.
Illinois— Concluded.
98 lb. sacks.
Local- Firm Brand
No.
No.
No.
Date.
![
February, 1912— I............. !.......... :............
do
1
April, 1912..
March, 1912..
do.
(October, 1911........ !............
[January, 1912........ j............
Jl
24 or 2U lb. sacks.
!
j
Ex
E x
S
! «*.
cess
1 cess
cess
Whole Re retail Whole Re- |retail Whole Re retail
sale
tail
over
sale
tail S over
sale
tail
over
price. price. whole price. price. |vrhole- price. price. wholesale
j
| sale
1 sale
j price.
j price.
: price.
January, 1912........ !.............. !.......... .............
March, 1911............•..............1.......... .............
August, 1911........... i..............;.......... i............
November, 1911.. J............. ;.......... .............
January, 1912........ ............... !.......... .............
March, 1912........... ............. .! .......... .............
16 ;
4S or 49 lb. sacks.
March, 1912............j ^ 4?.
........d o ..
2.40
October, 1911........ ; 2.47§
j
1.171
1.15
1.25
1.25
1.25
1.35
1.25
1.22&
L2t>i
1.374
1 . 32;
/l. H i
\1.27J
1.25
:S1.45
1.25
1.25
1.45
1.45
1.50
1.45
1.35
' 1.35
|
I 1.35
iI 1.60
: 1.60
i 1.40
! 1.40
j 1.45
$2.45 $0.05
2.69 i .29
/2 .90 :
\3.15 ;
1.27| I[ 1.50
1.22^ I 1.35
} 1*25 : 1.08
:$0.13J
!j .07*
! .10“
.20
.20
$6.63-! $0.80
.25
. 68f ! . 75
! .10
.10
I
.12|
i........
.081 !..........
;!
i
.22|
1.........
.m
.281
.m
. 08;
.......
.20
. 22* I|
. m j;
.33
$0.16*
;
!i
.65
. 75
.69
f .73
.63|
\ ♦79
.m
.65
.62|
.024
.10“
. 06|
.09|
.15|
BAKERIES.
Bread usually retails at 5 cents a loaf with flour low or high.
There are exceptions to this price as, for example, 6 loaves for 25
cents, and 4, 8, and 10 cent loaves. There is no uniformity, however,
as to the weight of the loaf. Purchasers may consider to some extent
the size of the loaf they buy, but few purchasers or even grocers have
accurate knowledge as to the weight of the bread they purchase.
As flour is the principal ingredient of bread it is evident that as
flour advances the baker must make a smaller loaf or take a smaller
profit. Small changes in the price of flour do not affect the weight of
bread, but with wide variations in the price of flour bakers change the
weight, unless prevented by local ordinances. Some localities require
a label stating weight to be put on the loaf, but it is often only a
nominal minimum weight, which is generally exceeded in varying
amounts.
Six bakeries visited were able to furnish a statement of their bread
weights (weight of dough in loaf) in the months of March and October,
1906, 1910, and 1911. The figures follow.
68
BULLETIN OF TH E BUREAU OF LABOB STATISTICS.
W E IG H T OF DOUGH PER LOAF AS R EPO R TED B Y 6 B A K E R IE S , MARCH AN D
OCTOBER, 1906, 1910, AN D 1911.
[The grocer’s retail price for the varieties of bread included was in almost all cases 5 cents a loaf. In each
of the 6 bakeries the grade of bread is reported to have been the same throughout the period, but the
bread of the different bakeries is not necessarily of the same grade or quality.]
Date.
Bakery 1 Bakery
No. l! | No. 2.
Bakery
No. 3.
Bakery
No. 4.
Bakery
No. 5.
Bakery
No. 6.
March, 1906.................................
October, 1908..............................
March, 1910.................................
Octobcr, 1910..............................
March, 1911.................................
October, 1911..............................
Ounces. ' Ounces.
36 !
19
16 !
19
15.]
15*
15*
15*
15|
15J
16
16
Ounces.
18
18
16
16
16
15
Ounces.
18
18
15J
15£
16|
16§
Ounces.
19
19
16
16
17
17
Ounces.
17
17
14
14
14
14
Average (6
bakeries).
Ounces.
17.833
17.833
15.417
15.417
15.750
15.750
It was not possible to get prices paid by the bakeries for flour in
the months named. Hence a comparative cost of flour and bread
can not be made from the bakery data. Both northern and southern
hard-wheat flours are used in most of the bakeries. Some bakeries
use only one, but generally the two flours are blended and sometimes
a soft-wheat flour is included. Bakers use both patent and straight
flour. The larger bakeries often buy their flour on large contracts
for delivery over a period of possibly several months; smaller bak
eries usually buy from jobbers in small lots at frequent intervals.
Bread in the dough is about 60 per cent flour, the remainder being
mostly water with certain other ingredients. Ingredients vary in
different breads, but the proportion of flour is said to be about as
stated in the following formula for an ordinary bread which was fur
nished by a baker.
Pounds.
Flour used in the m ix ...............................................................................
Flour used in dusting................................................................................
Water............................................................................................................
Y east...................................... ......................................................................
Sugar.............................................................................................................
Malt extract.................................................................................................
L a r d ............................................................................................................
Salt................................................................................................................
Total..................................................................................................
468
5
288
5J
4
7
7f
789}
From these figures a computation shows that 327 pound loaves of
dough can be made from a barrel of flour.
The shrinkage in weight in baking varies in different kinds of bread
and also with different methods of baking. In the ordinary 5-cent
loaf the average shrinkage is about 10 per cent.
The table which follows brings together for each month, March and
October, 1906, 1910, and 1911, the average weight of dough per loaf
from the table above, the computed weight of flour per loaf from
the above formula, the Kansas City wholesale price of flour from
W H E A T AND FLOUR P R ICE S/FR O M FARMER TO CONSUMER.
69
the table on pages 100 and 101, and the computed value (at Kansas
City wholesale prices) of flour per loaf:
V A L U E OF FLOUR IN A LOAF OF B R E A D , MARCH AND OCTOBER, 1906, 1910, AND 1911.
[The average weight of dough per loaf is from the reports of 6 bakeries, page 68; the weight of flour, for
a loaf of the average size reported 1by the 6 bakeries, was computed from the formula on page 68; the Kansas
City wholesale prices of flour are from the table on pages 100 and 101; and the value of flour in a loaf of
bread, of the average weight reported by the 6 bakeries was computed from the weights of flour per loaf
(column 3) and the Kansas City wholesale price of flour (column 4).]
Date.
March, 1906...............................................................................
October, 1906............................................................................
March, 1910...............................................................................
October, 1910.............................................................................
March, 1911...............................................................................
October, 1911.............................................................................
Average
weight of
dough per
loaf as
reported by
6 bakeries.
Ounces.
17.833
17.833
15.417
15.417
15.750
15.750
Wholesale
price of
Weight of
flour m loaf patent hard
of weight
winterindicated in wheat flour
preceding in Kansas
column.
City, per
barrel.
Ounces.
10.68
10.68
9.23
9.23
9.43
9.43
$3.80
3.25
4.83
4.54
4.20
4.65
Value of
flour, at
Kansas City
wholesale
prices, in
a loai of
bread of
the average
weight re
ported by
the 6
bakeries.
$0.01294
.01107
. 01422
. 01336
.01208
.01398
Without doubt the home baking of bread is decreasing in the
cities and, to a less extent, in the country districts. Grocers report an
increase in the proportion of sales of bread as compared with flour
and an inspection of grocers’ records fully confirms this report. Bakers
report an increase in their business, and large shipments are made
from every city to smaller towns at considerable distance. No data
are available on which to base a comparative study of the cost of
homemade bread and of bakers’ bread.
BULLETIN OF TH E BUREAU OF LABOK STATISTICS.
70
APPENDIX I.— PRICES PAID FARMERS FOR HARD WINTER WHEAT
BY ELEVATORS, AT 16 TOW NS IN KA N SA S, MARCH AND OCTOBER,
1906, 1910, AND 1911.
[This appendix shows far 16 elevators, located at as many different towns in Kansas, the prices paid
farmers for hard winter wheat in March and October, 1906,1910, and 1911. The elevator records did not show
the grade of the wheat. For 11 of the elevators, Nos. 1 to 11, the records showed the test weight, which
indicates approximately the grade of the wheat. For 5 elevators. Nos. 12 to 16, the records showed only
the average price paid for all grades of wheat bought during each day. The purchases in March were light
at most of the elevators, and in both March and October it will be noticed there were days on which no
purchases were made. In some instances the records indicate that purchases made on two or more days
were entered on the office books as of one date. To avoid identification the location of the elevators is not
indicated, but in connection with each report the local freight rate to Kansas City is shown. The
average prices shown for each month are true averages, taking into consideration the quantity bought at
each price.]
E L E V A T O R N O . 1.
[Freight per bushel from elevator No. 1 to Kansas Cil y: $0,084 in 190G, and 10.072 in 1910 and 1911.J
March.
1910
1906
Day of
month.
5th..
8th..
23d..
28th.
31st.
Test
weight
Num (lbs. Price
per
ber of per bushel
bush meas
ured
els.
bush lbs.).
el).
(00
57
168
9
13
57
60 10.66
60
.66
60
.66
.66
60
.68
60
Test
Day of
month.
Day of
month.
K>. 98
0)
59* 1.00
258' .97
.96
58
95
O
) ..98
58
.98
0) .97
(l) .95
(l) .90
0) .99
0)
0)
8 O)
122
357
153
0)
12th.
17th.
.664
Price
Num-j (lbs
per
ber of | per
bushel
bush- j meas(GO
els.
ured
■bush lbs.).
el).
Average.........
Test
weight
Num (lbs. Price
per
ber of per
bush meas bushel
(60
els.
ured
bush lbs.).
el).
13th
163
55
104
49
223
109
55
111
53
38
53
55
1 st..
3d...
9th..
18th.
24th.
28th.
30th,
Average....
1911
18
9
101
86
54
15th.
24th.
.
!
1
j
57
55
54
54
54
$0. 77
.70
.70
.71
. 72
Average..
.968
.712
October.
1st..
2 d ..
3 d ..
4th..
5th..
6th..
8th..
9th...
10th..
Uth..
12th..
58
478
112
562
347
275
57
109
1,132
55
115
1,076
285
115
292
911
120
1,054
819
884
1,105
61
60
61
60
60
60
61
60
60
62
61
60
60
61
60
60
60
60
4 60
60
60
$0.58
58
58
.58
.58
.59
.58
.59
.58
.59
.59
.59
.58
.59
.59
.58
.59
.58
.58
.58
.58
1st.
4th..
5th..
6th..
1 Not reported.
2 Test weight not reported for 50 bushels.
54
9
105
211
110
57
53
52
52
51
229
53
32
50
61
38
26
51
53
51
49
i
i
i
!
!
|
!
59 $0.84
58
.85
58
.84
.84
57
57
.83
58
.82
56
.83
56
.82
56
.80
00b
.77
60
.84
58
.83
56
.83
56
.80
56
.79
60
.85
58
.85
58
.84
57
.83
56
.80
56
.80
i 6th............. !
I
1
;
! n th ........... !!
1
i
i
|)
I
! 14th........... |;
;
!1
!
!i
1 17th........... !|
{ 21st............ !
5
53
61
60
58
746
13
6
59
108
115
994
143
243
60
49
236
51
188
59
204
60
59
60
61
61
60
60
60
59
59
61
60
60
60
61
61
60
60
59
61
60
! $0.94
j
.93
1
.98*
!
.98
.97
.98
.97
.95
.98*
.98
.98
.98
.97
.98
1.00
.98
1.00
.98
1.00
1.00
1.00
3 Test weight not reported for 71 bushels.
* Test weight not reported for 49 bushels.
W H E A T AND FLOUR PRICES, FROM FARMER TO CONSUMER.
71
I.— PRICES P A ID FA R M E R S FO R H A R D W IN T E R W H E A T B Y
E LE VATO RS, A T 16 TOWNS IN K AN SAS, M ARCH AN D OCTOBER, 1906,
1910, AN D 1911— Continued.
A p p e n d ix
E L E V A T O R NO . I—Concluded.
October— Concluded.
1910
1906
Day of
month.
13th.............
15th.............
17th........... :
18th.............
19th.............
20th.............
24th.............
25th.............
28th.......
27th.............
29th.............
30th.............
31st . . . .
Test
weight
Num (lbs. Price
per
ber of per
bush meas bushel
(60
els.
ured
bush lbs.).
el).
778
53
90
128
369
109
398
345
9
180
64
611
446
395
818
647
468
Test
weight
Num (lbs. Price
per
I ber of per
bush meas bushel
(60
ured
els.
bush lbs.).
el).
Day of
month.
8th.............
60 $0.58
.59
60
60
.58
.58
60
.59
60
60
.58
.59
60
.59
60
60
.57
60
.57
59
.57
60
.57
.57
60
.58
60
60
.57
.57
60
60
.57
10th..........
11th...........
12th...........
14th...........
m i l ............
18th...........
19th...........
22d............
! 24th...........
| 25th...........
1 28th...........
i
Averaige.........
.580 I
|
51
85
103
41
50
46
58
33
20
107
106
48
56
90
40
48
48
10
48
54
116
52
93
2
49
54
47
37
56
12
76
57
51
47
41
59
60 $0.86
59
.86
58
.85
55
.79
54
.76
60
.86
58
.85
.82
51
60
.86
59
.86
58
.86
55
.78
55
.75
58
.86
.85
58
55
.78
58
.84
56
.80
55
.78
54
.68
59
.84
.84
58
54
.65
.70
(l)
58
.84
.83
58
55
.81
58
.84
58
.82
53
.70
53
.60
58
.80
53
.60
56
.75
56*
.75
56"
.74
A vftraett.. _ ___
1 Not reported.
.809
1911
Test i
Num
ber of
bush
els.
Day of
month.
Ppre,e
el).
i
25th (con.)
113
36
62
31st............
;
59 ! $1.00
55 1 .94
60 j 1.00
1
i
j
Average
..........•
.933
BULLETIN OF TH E BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS.
72
A ppendix I .— PRICES P A ID FAR M E RS FO R H A R D W IN T E R W H E A T B Y
ELEVATO RS, A T 10 TOWNS I2f KANSAS. M ARCH AND OCTOBER, 1906,
1910, AND 1911— Continued.
E L E V A T O R NO. 2.
[Freight per bushel from elevator No. 2 to Kansas City: $0,096 inl906, and $0,081 in 1910 and 1911.]
March.
1906
Pay of
month.
9th...............
23d...............
29th.............
31st...............
1910
Test
weight
Price
Num (lbs.
per
ber of per bushel
bush meas
(GO
ured lbs.).
els.
bush
el).
101
43
85
274
54
97
154
48
54
98
35
52
55
Average
57
59
59
58
57
57
56
‘ 56
59
58*
58
55
54
$0.61
. 64
.66
.65
.64
.63
.60
.59
.67
.67
. 65
.60
.61
.634
1911
Test
weight
Price
Num (lbs.
per
ber of per bushel
bush meas
(60
ured
els.
bush lbs.). |
el).
Day of
month.
1st.............
1,003
56
96
2d...............
51
45
3d...............
475
99
284
100
103
53
46
103
51
12th...........
161
140
50
16th...........
151
158
51
52
23d.............
782
358
51
31st............
432
114
3
28
129
(i)
(i)
0)
0)
0)
(!)
0)
0)
0)
(l)
0)
(l)
(l)
(l)
(I)
(!)
(l)
C1)
0)
0)
0)
0)
0>
0)
0)
(l)
0)
0)
0)
Aversige.......
1 Not reported.
Day of
month.
4th.............
7th..*.........
Test
weight
Price
Num (lbs.
per
ber of per
bushel
bush meas
(60
els.
ured
bush lbs.).
el).
$1.00
.98
.97
.98
.97
1.00
.98
.97
.96
. 95
.93
.92
.85
.80
.98
.93
.85
.98
.96
.95
.85
.98
.95
.92
1.00
.98
.97
.96
.95
53
278
14
43
36
45
8th.............
335
42
54
52
9th.............
105
555
283
218
11th...........
153
335
713
457
52
58
13th...........
105
107
539
214
59
54
102
53
17
51
55
109
35
106
195
14th...........
175
15th...........
569
56
17th...........
110
1,225
58
51
55
18th...........
118
707
52
20th...........
512
164
52
21st............
619
54
55
22d.............
56
435
113
56
24th...........
586
223
140
50
116
25th...........
394
107
30th...........
109
.972
Avers
$0.78
.80
.79
.80
.78
.75
.80
.80
.73
.70
.80
.80
.80
.73
.80
.80
.80
.78
.78
.70
.80
.80
.80
.79
.78
.76
.78
.77
.78
.76
. 75
.70
.78
.70
.65
.80
.80
.77
.80
.80
.78
.78
.78
.80
.80
.78
.80
.78
.78
.80
.78
.77
.80
.80
.78
.77
.78
.77
.76
.75
.70
.78
.77
.74
59
60
60
59
58
57
60
59
57
56
61
60
59
57
61
60
59
58
57
56
61
60
59
59
60
59
58
58
57
57
57
57
56
56
0)
59
59
58
60
59
59
58
57
60
59
57
59
58
57
59
57
57
60
59
57
56
59
58
57
57
55
59
58
58
|
. 786
W H E A T AND FLOUR PRICES, FROM FARMER TO CONSUMER.
73
PRICES P A ID FARM ERS FO R H A R D W IN T E R W H E A T B Y
ELE V A TO R S, A T 16 TOWNS IN KANSAS. MARCH AN D OCTOBER, 1906,
1910, AN D 1911— Continued.
A p p e n d ix I . —
E L E V A T O R No. 2—Continued.
October.
Day of
month.
1st..............
3d.................
4th...............
8th...............
10th.............
12th.............
13th.............
15th.............
20th.............
27th.............
29th.............
30th.............
Test
weight
Price
Num (lbs.
per
ber of per bushel
bush meas
(60
ured lbs.).
els.
bush
el).
57
54
108
109
54
113
263
171
115
113
214
105
74
58
282
159
108
114
107
55
53
55
222
51
106
76
53
178
93
61
101
59
51
50
52
18
447
717
265
54
102
30
45
29
22
44
44
88
106
41
30
55
55
135
50
220
45
79
106
54
i
!
1910
1900
604 $0.57
.56
59'
.52
58
.50
(})
.56
60
.57
59J
. 56
59£
59
.57
.55
58J
.53
58
.52
58
.49
57
.52
0)
.59
60
.58
60
.56
59
.50
57
.48
55
.47
G)
.53
0)
.46
(l)
.55
58*
. 56
58
. 54
58
58
.53
.54
57
.53
57
.50
57
.48
57
.46
56
.50
(^
.55
(!)
.54
(*)
.47
0)
. 59j
61
.50
0)
.57
59
.56
59
.54
58
.53
56
.49
56
.55
0)
.59
60
60
.58
.53
58
57
.55
.52
56
.55
0)
.52
(l)
.51
0)
.50
(*)
.59
60
58
.55
57
.55
.57
59
.55
58
.52
58
57
.55
.53
57
57
.50
Test
weight
Num (lbs. Price
per
ber of per
bush meas bushel
(60
ured
els.
bush lbs.).
el).
Day of
month.
792
267
52
355
156
5th.............
883
598
113
55
6th............. 1,359
965
22
622
10th...........
711
386
12th...........
217
15th...........
770
263
515
17th...........
374
25
113
19th...........
53
1,511
48
209
21st............
55
214
106
54
24th...........
113
223
28tli...........
254
554
29th...........
711
31st............
3d...............
(i)
0)
0)
(*)
C1)
0)
0)
0)
0)
(I)
i1)
C1)
0)
W
(l)
0)
0)
0)
C)
(l)
0)
0)
(1)
(l)
(!)
(*)
(*)
(*)
(»)
(1)
0)
0)
0)
(1
(1
i Not reported.
$0.84
.83
.82
.81
.80
.84
.83
.82
.80
.84
.83
.82
.80
.83
.80
.83
.as
.80
.83
.82
.78
. 75
.83
.82
.81
.75
.83
.80
.78
.77
.80
.76
.78
.78
.78
1911
Day of
month.
5th.............
14th...........
18th...........
20th...........
24th...........
27th...........
Test
weight Pried
Num (lbs.
per
ber of per
bush- meas bushel
(60
ured
e .
bush lbs.).
el).
58
140
53
28
54
60
108
108
93
115
271
50
503
170
57
706
173
60
59
59
58
59
59
59
59
59
60
59
59
58
59
59
58
57
$0.94J
.92
.89
.92
.96
.97
.96
.97
.96
1.00
1.00
.98
.98
1.00
.98
1.00
.95
74
BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS.
I .— PRICES P A ID FARM ERS FO R H A R D W IN T E R W H EAT B Y
ELE VATO RS. A T 16 TOWNS IN KANSAS. M ARCH AND OCTOBER, 1906,
1910, AND 1911— Continued.
A p p e n d ix
E L E V A T O R NO. 2—Concluded.
October—C oncluded.
1910
1906
Test
weight
Num (lbs. Price
per
ber of per bushel
bush meas
(CO
ured lbs.).
els.
bush
el).
Bay of
month.
113
54
115
105
56
76
81
31*1
Bay of
month.
$0.59 !
.53 i:
.5%jj
.53 ii
60
59
58
58
57
57
56
1911
Test
weight
Num (lbs.
ber of per
bush meas
els.
ured
bush
el).
j
I
Teit
weight
Price
Num (lbs.
per
ber of per bushel
bush meas
((50
ured
els.
lbs.«.
b ush-1
el). ;
!
• !! it
1!
Average .
.540
Average.................... j$0.817
Average.,
$0.971*
E L E V A T O R NO. 3.
JFreight per bushel from elevator No. 3 to Kansas City: $0,102 in 1906, and $0,087 in 1910 and 1911.J
March.
44
62
45
38
39
9th . . .
.
18th............. 1
30 tls .............
i
59
60
59
55
55
I
;
;
'
$0.62 ! 5th.............
.62
.03
1
. 08 ;
.56 j; n th ........... :
!:
I
!
;•
|
•: 1 6 t h .......
m 19th...........
23d.............
25th...........
j
i
i
i
i
Average..........1...........
.605
48
55
53
106
46
56
53
51
77
49
53
26
84
107
221
57
56
56
56
58
58
57 \
57
57
56
60
53
60
57
57
Average.......
$0.90
l l t l i ...........
.84
.82
.78
.94
.90
.92 ' 23d.............
.92 j
.90 ! 27th...........
.78
.94
.80
.98
.92
.91
. SS9 j Average ...
October.
57 !
104 I
52 ;•
100 .
232 I
17!
55 |
182 j
54 !
10 5 :
55 i
106 |
452 i
277 !
33 i
81 i
60
59
56
56
61
60
60
59
59
56
56
56
59
59
57
56
I 10.56 : 1st.............
1! .56
j! .46
]i .11
!
.58
! .58 S 3d...............
|
i! .57
;
.56
.54 i 6th.............
!
1 .46
!| .44
i! .43
10th...........
.56
.55
.45
. 45
57 :
oS
54 :
110 j
54 :
225 ;
218 :
56 :
105 •
66:
87 J
110 ;
55 i
103 i
110 :
2S ;
60
60
59
58
56
59
58
57
59
58
54
60
59
59
m
59
JO. 86
. H2
.82
.81
. 77
.82
.81
.79
.82
.81
.70
.86
.86
.85
.85 i
.84 ii
55
55
28
35
38
92
161
99
120
118
1
i
«
j
!
•
:
j
|
60
60
59
58
56
58
60
58
60
59
$0.80
.78
. 75
.73
.78
.80
.78
.80
.80
!
!
. 787
W H E A T AND FLOUR PRICES, FROM FARMER TO CONSUMER.
75
PRICES PA ID FARM ERS FO R H A R D W IN T E R W H E A T B Y
ELE VATO RS, A T 16 TOWNS IN KANSAS, MARCH AND OCTOBER, 1906,
1910, AND 1911— Continued.
A p p e n d ix I . —
E L E V A T O R NO. 3—Concluded.
October—Concluded.
1910
1906
Day of
month.
9th.
11th.
13th.
30th.
31st..
Test
weight Price
Num (lbs.
per
ber of per bushel
bush- meas
ured lbs.).
bush
el).
(60
78
565
54
54
50
56
394
55
62
94
670
65
106
40
73
114
60
215
141
151
25
62
54
78
$0.56
. 55
.54
.42
.45
.44
.56
.43
.42
.56
.56
.55
.55
.54
.55
.52
.56
.55
.53
.52
.51
.54
.54
.54
Day of
month.
10th (con.)
21st............
24th...........
25th...........
28th...........
31st...........
Average...................... J .535
1911
Test !
ii
weight T>rice
Num (lbs.
ber of per
bush meas
(ou
ured lKr.
els.
\ j
bush
i
el).
'I
139
50
56
54
206
52
36
35
61
57
111
56
54
30
39
69
31
52
58
47
58
53
55
56
101
54
33
29
30
77
56
281
161
51
50
29
86
118
38
109
31
22
48
719
48
57
50
26
53
40
56
53
6
49
54
100
31
103
25
Average.......
58 $0.84 i!
58
.82* \
57
.85' i
57
.84 !
.82
57
57
.80
.74
54
.72
54
.70
53
59
.85*
.85"
59
.84
59
.84
53
.83
58
.82
57i
.m
57
.82“
57
.74
53
.81
60
.83
59
.82
59
.74
59
.82
58
57
.81
57
. 78V
.79
56
.78
56
.78
55
55
. 77
55
.75
.80
60
59
..80
58
.78
. 77
57
.76
57
.75
5-3
54
.69
.79
59
.78
58
. 77
57
.75
56
53
.65
.63
53
.80
60
53
.65
61
.78
58
.76
58
.72
.75
57
56
.73
.81
60
60
.79
.78 i
60
59
.79
. 76
57
56
.75
.74
56
.71
' 56
54
.70
. 794
Day of
month.
Test i
weight:
Num (lbs. j per
ber of per •
bush- meas
ured j
!
bush- i
i
: el). !
i
1
|
!
1
;
|
i
i
!
i
j
Average.................... 1
BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS.
76
PRICES P A ID FARM ERS FO R H A R D W IN T E R W H EA T B Y
ELEVATO RS, A T 16 TOWNS IN KANSAS, M ARCH AND OCTOBER, 1906,
1910, AND 1911—Continued.
A p p e n d ix I . —
ELEVATOR NO. 4.
[Freight per bushel from elevator No. 4 to Kansas City: $0,084 in 1906, and $0,072 in 1910 and 1911.)
March.
1910
1906
Day of
month.
Test
weight
Num (lbs. Price
per
ber of per
bush meas bushel
(00
els.
ured
bush lbs.).
Day of
month.
el).
10th
14th
(50
60
60
60
59
28th.
31st.
$0.65
. 65\
.
.m
Test
weight Price
Num (lbs.
Per
ber of per bushel
bush meas
(60
ured
els.
bush lbs.).
el).
45
159
50
45
27
1st.
05*
.66
11
2d...........
3d...........
4th.........
8th~10th
Uth.........
12th.........
14th..........
19th.........
25th--2Sth.
1911
50
105
32
47
48
13
40
37
67
45
152
43
247
49
74
19
31
44
23
3
52
42
41
51
30
21
97
32
44
29th.........
56£ $0.97
. 95
55
.94
.85
52
.85
50
.75
m
45
.70
.96
55£
.95
55
.94
55
.85
52
.85
50
.70
46
45
.70
50
54*
.68
56* .93|
.93
56
55| .92
55
54*
54
52
«
ooj
50
57
56
55
55
46
53
57*
56
55
55^
1st..
3 d ...
4th..
14th.
17th.
18th.
20th.
21st.
22d..
24th.
28th.
32
$0.77
.76
.75
. 75
.74
.78
.76
.77
21
98
97
66
51
39
5
38
48
51
108
109
57
49
55
55
56
.68
.77
.78
.78
.77
.78
.73
.77
.77
.74
.68
.87
.95|
.94
.92
.94
.884
Average..
Average.
.91
.90
.89
.84
.70
.92
.70
.94
.93
.91
.90
Day of
month.
Test
weight
Num (lbs. Price
per
ber of per bushel
bush- meas
(60
ured
! bush lbs.).
el).
Average.............................760
October.
1st.
2d.
3d.
4th
5th
56
103
364
498
38
2S2
56
42
401
52
227
86
98
57
266
515
43
105
60 $0.60 1 1st.............
113
4
59
.60
103
60
.60
59
.60
55
58
46
.59
60
.60
101
60
.59
48
58
.58
3d...............
52
60
.60
25
60
.59
77
23
59
.GO
.59
35
5Sb
60“
.60
• 14
60
.59
45
59
1
5th.............
110
.60
56
59
.59 |
58
.58 i
109
52
57|
.57 ;1
i
59 $0.85
.83
57
.82
56
.81
55J
54
.78
53
.77
51
.73
59
.85
58J
.84*
58
.84
57
.83
56
.82
57
.83
52*
. 74
.83*
57}
57
.84
.82
57
.81
55i
1Not reported.
11th..
14th..
18th..
54
613
113
1,476
1,069
233
50
118
95
197
368
1,824
256
284
1,616
31
365
501
63
60
60
60
60
60
60
60
60
60
60
60
60
60
60
60
60
$0.92
.98
.97*
.97
.96
,95i
.95*
.92
.97
.96
1.00
.99
W H E A T AND FLOUR PRICES, FROM FARMER TO CONSUMER.
77
PRICES P A ID FARM ERS FO R H A R D W IN T E R W H E A T B Y
ELE VATO RS, A T 16 TOWNS IN KANSAS, MARCH AN D OCTOBER, 1906,
1910, AN D 1911— Continued.
A p p e n d ix I . —
E L E V A T O R No. 4—Continued.
October— Continued.
1906
Day of
month.
1910
Test
weight
Price
Num (lbs.
per
ber of per
bushel
bush- meas
(60
ured
bush- i lbs')‘
Day of
month.
el). |
6th.
Sth.
>th.
10th
11th
12th
13th
17th
18th
19th
20th
25th
27th
29th
30th
31st
164
38
108
86
54
65
158
36
48
50
55
418
52
57
51
159
14
99
27
59
44
58
34
53
202
29
112
40
47
104
117
32
55
53
180
19
29
49
101
94
49
266
58
51
102
97
48
53
60
59*
59
57
60
59
59
58
56*
56
60
59
57
60
60
59
59
60
59
59
58
59
59
59
59
58
53
60
59
58
57
56
60
59
56
55
58
55
60
59
56
59
58
57*
$0. o9
•53
.o9
5th (con.)
6th...........
.57
.59
.59
M
‘
.56i.56
.58*
.58*
.56*
.60
.59
.59
.58*
.59
.59*
.59
.59
.58
.57
.58
.58*
Test.
weight
Num (lbs. Price
per
ber of per bushel
bush- meas
(60
ured
bush lbs.).
el).
47
54
93
49
$0
51
58
110 II
7th..
8th..
Uth.
12th.
.58*
.58
.57
.53*
.58
.57*
.56*
.57
.54*
.56
.56
.53
.52
.55
.52
.56*
.56*
.53*
.57
.57
.57
.56
.55i
1911
13th..
14th.,
15th..
28th..
112
56
110
113
49
54
50
49
57
48
50
83
64
43
33
164
48
48
15
47
36
73
145
10
55
12
50
50
205
41
125
55
86
45
52
99
130
161
13
112
54
317
75
48
52
306
109
97
92
159
54
107
55
38
49
100
52
56
55*
60
59
58*
57
55*
54
60
59
55*
51
59
58
56
54
54
60
58*
58
57*
54
61
60
57*
56
61
60*
60
59*
59
58
57
60*
60
60
59
58
57*
57
55*
61
61
60
60
60
60
59
59
59
59
59
59
59
58
58
58
56
56
Day of
month.
Test
weight
Price
Num (lbs.
per
ber of per
bushel
bush meas
(60
ured
els.
bush lbs.).
el).
18th (con.)
181
3,279
2 1 s t....
444
26th....
971
2,791
466
30th....
758
50
50
$0.96
1.00
.99
1.00*
1.00
.99
1.00
60
.99
.97
BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS.
78
PRICES P A ID FARM ERS FO R H A R D W IN T E R W H E A T B Y
ELE VATO RS, A T 16 TOWNS IN KANSAS, M ARCH AND OCTOBER, 1906,
1910, AN D 1911—Continued.
A p p e n d ix I . —
E L E V A T O R NO. 4-Concluded.
October— Concluded.
Day of
month.
li
1910
1906
Test |
weight i
Num (lbs. |
per
ber of per !ibushel
bush meas
els.
ured
bush lbs.).
el).
Day of
month.
(60
Test
weight
Num (lbs. Price
per
ber of per bushel
bush meas
(60
ured
els.
bush lbs.).
el).
1911
Test
weight
Num (lbs. Price
per
ber of per
bush meas bushel
(60
els.
ured
bush lbs.}.
el).
Day of
month.
28th (con.)
:J 29th ..........
}| 31st...........
Average.......................$0,584 j
Average................... $0.937
Average.
E L EVAT O R NO. 5.
[Freight per bushel from elevator Xo. 5 to Kansas City: SO.060 in 1906 and $0.051 in 1910and 1911.}
March.
October.
1 2 t h .. ... ...
13th.............
loth.............
18th.. . . . . . .
19th.............
20th.............
22d..............
24th.............
26th.............
27th.............
30th.............
31st.............
94
332
123
49
54
57
54
48
412
61
319
38
99
35
377
337
202
99
322
103
167
101
53
AverafSe..........
60 $0.61 !
.62 j
60
59i
.61
. 52
56
.62
61
60
.62
. 62*
61
.m
60
61
.63"
.62£
61
.63
61
.62
60
.63
61
60
.60
.63
61
.61
61
60
.61
60
.60
60
.61
.60
60
60
.61
60
.60
.60
60
| .617
<*>
( l)
1 (l)
J
i (l)
i
j
J
j
;
1
!
i
i
i
j
|
;
|
j
1
j
;
•
!
!
|
7 th -llth ..j
120!
i
67
I
258
! 18th........... ! 1,077
1 532
302
! 723
j
45
:
i 166
j 27th........... I 518
i 1,880
i 30th........... !
7
:
i
|
j
!
i
1 No purchase during month.
$0.98
.93
.96
.99
.98
.98
.99
.98
.97
1.00
1.00
1.00
1
!
!
■
!
:
|
63
62
60
63
63
62
60
60
60
63
62
60
f
•
Average........
M
W H E A T AND FLOUR PBICES, FBOM FABMEB TO CONSUM ES.
79
I . —PRICES PA ID FAR M E RS FO R H A R D W IN T E R W H E A T B Y
ELEVATO RS, A T 16 TOWNS IN KANSAS, MARCH AND OCTOBER, 1906,
1910, AN D 1911— Continued.
A p p e n d ix
ELEVATOR NO. 6.
[Freight per bushel from elevator No. 6 to Kansas City: $0,087 in 1906 and $0,075 in 1910 ana 1911.]
March.
1910
1906
Day of
month.
Test
weight
Num (lbs. Price
per
ber of per
bush meas bushel
(60
ured
els.
bush lbs.).
el).
15
17th.
29th.
Day of
month.
Num
ber of
bush
els.
5th..
59 ‘$0.65
.67
Average.
1911
Test
weight
Price
(lbs.
per
per
bushel
ured
bush lbs.).
el).
42
Day of
month.
(CO
16th...........
18th...........
31st............
58 $0.97
Average..
Test
weight
Price
Num (lbs.
per
ber of per
bushel
bush meas
((50
ured
els.
bush lbs.).
el). I|
62
317
6
60 $0.80
.80
60
59 | •76
Average..
.970 i
October.
161
80
300
113
47
610
55
345
395
54
2d ..
3 d ..
5th.
6th.
8th.
9th.
10th
11th
12th
13th
loth
19th
1,265
41
516
155
307
1,090
110
214
37
56
109
53
54
57
20th
30th
58
57
59
59
60
59
59
57
59
59
59
57
0)
Average.
5th..
$0.60
.59
.60
.60
.59
.60
.58
.60
.60
.59
•08
.60
.60
.60
.60
.59
.57
.60
.60
.60
.57
.60
.60
.58
.56
.55
327
$0.86
.84
.86
7th..
10th.
21
105
3
9
46
11th.
18th.
.85
.84
1 10th...........
.84
.84
.83
! 17th...........
.86
.86
20th.
110
21st.
24th.
25th.
29th.
31st.
! 6th.............
|
.82
.82
! 20th...........
: 24th...........
! 26th...........
!
j 31st............
50
Average.................... j .841
.597
229
30
130
201
523
52
160
814
47
227
57
52
716
674
161
54
197
23
15
16
!
i
i
:
I
i
!
i
I
j
!
60
60
58
61
60
60
59
60
59
60
60
60
60
59
57
56
60
59
59
59
: $0.94
.92
.91
.97
.96
.94
.96
.96
; .96
i .97
I 1.00
;
.97
j 1.00
i 1.00
| .98
1 .96
| 1.00
1.00
.98
.96
Average..
.974
ELEVATOR NO. 7.
[Freight per bushel from elevator No. 7 to Kansas City: $0,084 in 1906 and $0,072 in 1910 and 1911.]
March.
10th. .
13th..
15th..
16th..
22d ...
23d ...
26th. .
27th. .
28th. .
29th..
31st...
46
57
102
430
277
104
57
228
156
30
26
57 SO. 64
.65
58
57
.60
57
.60
.66
58
58
.66
.65
58
.65
58
.65
58
59
.66
59
.66
1 12th...........
.635 j
i Not reported.
12
14
58 $0.92
55
.91
II
;|
jij
I
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
j
|
1
i
!
|{
Average...........
H
.915 !|
II
* No purchase during month.
ii
BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS.
80
I .— PRICES P A ID FARM ERS FO R H A R D W IN T E R W H E A T B Y
ELE VATO RS, A T 16 TOWNS IN KANSAS, M ARCH AND OCTOBER, 1906,
1910, AN D 1911— Continued.
A p p e n d ix
E L E V A T O R NO. 7-Concluded.
October.
1906
Bay of
month.
1910
Test
weight Price
Num (lbs.
per
ber of per bushel
bush meas
(60
els.
ured lbs.).
bush
el).
475
231
123
160
58
110
36
63
54
276
45
58
187
14
103
46
84
58
114
54
44
108
237
11
126
1st..
2d..
3d ..
4th.
5th.
Sth.
9th.
11th
12th
13th
18th
19th
22d.
24th
25th
26th
27th
29th
Price
per
bushel
(60
lbs.).
8
8
4
6
13
61 $0. o/
60
.57
61
.57
60
.57
.57
60
60
.57
.57
60
60
.57
60
.56
60
.57
62
.57
60
.57
60
.58
60
.57
57
.55
62
.58
60
.58
.58
61
60
.58
60
.58
.57
60
.57
60
. 57
60
60
.57
60
.57
.571
Average.
1911
56 $0.81
54
.80
57
.80
.76
56
.74
55
Day of
month.
10th..
55
178
115
53
888
55
96
49
63
1,227
1,096
104
2,616
90
62
2,634
727
42
91
537
263
! 19th..
23d.
27th..
30th.
Average..
. 776
Test
weight Price
Num (lbs.
per
ber of per
bush meas bushel
(60
els.
ured
bush lbs.).
el).
61
60
60
59
60
60
60
59
59
61
60
59*
59
58
61
60
59
58
57
60
59
$0.96
.96
.94
.94
.99
.97
.96
.99
.96
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
.99
1.00
1.00
1.00
.99
.97
1.00
1.00
Average..
.996
E L E V A T O R N O. 8.
[Freight per bushel from elevator No. 8 to Kansas City: $0,093 in 190G and $0,078 in 1910 and 1911.]
March.
0).
0)
(')
0)
2d..............
3d..............
4th.............
7th.............
10th...........
18th...........
19th-22d ..
2Sth...........
244
98
39
27
72
78
52
43
78
54
29
73
501
37
54
44
32
36
135
43
98
51
47
Aver;age.......
i
59 $1.00
.99
58
58
.98
54
.94
53
.93
59 1.00
59 i .99
.94
57
60 1.00
59
.98
.96
58
54
.91
59 1.00
59
.96
59
.98
59
.98
59
.97
57
.94
54
.88
52
.86
57
.96
54
.92
55
.88
.968
* Records for March, 1900, destroyed,
1st.............
10th...........
13th...........
18th...........
21st...........
27th...........
29th...........
31st...........
323
82
31
356
55
462
56
47
742
102
818
265
52
137
47
42
46
101
52
Average.......
61
59
60
59
56
60
59
58
60
59
61
59
58
61
61
60
61
58
56
$0.81
. 75
.78
.78
.74
.78
.78
.77
.78
.78
.80
.78
.77
•C8
.75
.78
. 75
.72
.69
.785
W H E A T AND FLOUR PRICES, FROM FARMER TO CONSUMER.
81
PRICES P A ID FARM ERS FO R H A R D W IN T E R W H E A T B Y
ELE VATO RS, A T 16 TOWNS IN KANSAS, M ARCH AN D OCTOBER, 1906,
1910, AND 1911— Continued.
A p p e n d ix I . —
E L E V A T O R NO. 8-Continued.
October.
1906
Day of
month.
1st................
2d.................
3d.................
4th...............
5th...............
6th...............
8th...............
9th...............
10th.............
11th.............
12th.............
13th.............
loth.............
16th.............
17th.............
1910
Test
weight
Price
Num (lbs.
per
ber of per
bushel
bush meas
(60
els.
ured
bush lbs.).
el).
52
155
88
109
207
102
118
53
115
57
55
53
47
55
51
54
55
51
54
110
95
51
111
216
506
100
775
140
104
326
129
52
221
428
51
157
50
57
83
104
52
55
50
323
52
151
208
1,741
218
48
267
187
51
53
180
55
52
(i)
59
54
(2)
60
59
58
57
61
60
56
61
60
60
59
57
56
55
54
60
59
56
60
60
59
0)
61
60
54
60
59
58
61
60
59
58
54
61
60
58
57
54
0)
60
58
55
60
59
58
57
61
60
59
59
59
54
54
Day of
month.
$0.45
lst-3d
.55
.50
.50
5th.............
.58
.58
.57
.55
7th.............
.60
.59
.55
8th.............
.60
.60
10th............
.59
.59
.55
.54
13th...........
.53
.50
.59
.58
.54
14th...........
.60
.59
.58
.46
.59
15th...........
.59
.54
.59
17th...........
.58 (3) ...............
.57 (3) ...............
.59 (3)...............
.59
21st............
.59
.57
.54
.60
22d.............
.59
.57
.55
.47
.42 ! 24th-27th .
.59
.57
.52
.59
.58
.57
.55
.59
29th-31st..
.59
.59
.58
.57
.54
.53
i “ Rejected” or “ 110 grade.”
5743°— Bull. 130— 14------ 6
1911
Test
weight
Num (lbs. Price
per
ber of per
bush meas bushel
(60
els.
ured lbs.).
bush
el).
155
31
92
57
104
40
25
92
52
54
73
107
46
406
213
110
873
140
43
150
52
304
49
97
10
47
146
217
12
117
88
90
51
55
57
43
114
50
31
129
52
57
59
32
104
286
98
44
52
58
55
95
49
47
54
60
59
58
57
63
60
59
57
63
59
55
60
58
60
59
56
60
59
57
57
54
60
60
60
59
54
54
60
60
60
60
59
57
60
60
57
(2)
(*)
62
60
58
56
62
60
60
59
59
58
57
56
54
61
61
60
54
2 No. 4.
$0.83
.82
.81
.80
.83
.83
.83
.77
.83
.82
.72
.83
.81
.83
.82
.78
.83
.82
.78
.72
.76
.83
.82
.81
.82
.72
.70
.83
.81
.81
.81
.80
.77
.81
.80
.77
.76
.74
.81
.80
.78
.75
.76
.78
.75
.75
.74
.74
.72
.72
.70
.77
.76
.76
.67
Day of
month.
8th.............
12th...........
16th...........
19th...........
24th...........
26th..........
28th..........
Test
weight Price
Num (lbs.
per
ber of per
bush meas bushel
(60
els.
ured lbs.).
bush
el).
42
84
45
108
331
32
370
83
54
18
617
44
27
163
181
51
103
3 Date not reported.
60
56
60
60
58
60
58
59
58
60
59
59
57
59
59
57
59
$0.95
.88
.97
.95
.94
.97
.96
1.00
.98
1.02
1.02
1.00
1.00
1.02
1.00
.98
.99
82
BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS.
PRICES P A ID FARM ERS FO R H A R D W IN T E R W H EA T B Y
ELE VATO RS. A T 16 TOWNS IN KANSAS, MARCH AND OCTOBER, 1906,
1910, AND 1911—Continued.
A p p e n d ix I . —
E L E V A T O R NO. 8—Concluded.
October— Concluded.
1910
1906
j
1911
1
Day of
month.
18th..............
19th.............
20th..............
23d...............
25th.............
26th.............
27th.............
29th.............
30th.............
31st...............
Test
weight
Num (lbs. Price
per
ber of per bushel
bush meas
(60
els.
ured
bush lbs.).
el).
57
107
102
209
53
51
52
52
52
47
378
54
49
360
928
54
101
156
47
54
50
51
29
54
129
101
45
45
127
53
59
110
51
27
49
107
52
165
109
54
62
61
60
59
58
58
57
54
54
54
61
60
59
54
60
59
57
56
54
54
O)
59
57
61
(l)
61
59
57
56
54
54
60
54
54
60
54
61
60
54
(2)
Averaj*e.........
Day of
month.
Test
weight Price
Num (lbs.
per
ber of per
| Day of
bush meas bushel
month.
(60
els.
ured lbs.).
bush
el).
i
$0.59
.59
.59
.58
.57
.56
.52
.53
.52
.43
.59
.59
.58
.53
.59
.58
.53
.53
.53
.53
.45
.58
.55
.57
. 45
.57
.57
.52
.53
.52
.50
.57
.53
.52
.57
.52
.58
.57
.52
.55
.568
Test
weight
Price
Num (lbs.
per
ber of per
bush meas bushel
(60
els.
ured lbs.).
bush
el).
j
I
j
i
I
j
I
j
Average.................
$0.794 |
Aver;
$0,982
E L E V A T O R NO. 9.
[Freight per bushel from elevator No. 9 to Kansas City: $0,093 in 1906 and $0.07$ in 1910 and 1911.J
March.
(? )................
(3)
(3)
(3)
2d..............
: 3d-5th. . . .
1 liRejected/” or “ no grade.”
197
112
82
334
69
50
49
453
91
8
48
81 i
2 Not reported.
59£
95
56
55
54
51
60
594
59
59
58
56
$1.00 | 4 t h ...........
1.00
.96
.94
.92 1
.87
1.00
n th ...........
1.00
.99
.98
.9* j
.96
292
54
99
102
50
41
550
207
57
373
80
3
60
60
59
58
58
57
60
60
59
59
59
53
5 Records for March, 1906, destroyed.
$0. 76
.75
. 75
.72
.70
.70
. 78
.76
.78
.76
.75
.72
W H E A T AND FLOUR PRICES/ FROM FARMER TO CONSUMER.
88
I .— PRICES P A ID FAR M E RS FO R H A R D W IN T E R W H E A T B Y
ELE V A TO R S, A T 16 TOWNS IN KANSAS. MARCH AN D OCTOBER. 1906,
1910, AN D 1911— Continued.
A p p e n d ix
E L E V A T O R N O . 9-Continued.
March— Concluded.
1 906
Day of
month.
1910
Test
weight
Num (lbs. Price
per
ber of per bushel
bush meas
(60
els.
ured
bush lbs.).
el).
1911
Test
weight
Num (lbs. Price
per
ber of per
bushel
bush meas
(60
ured
els.
bush lbs.).
el).
Day of
month.
Day of
month.
Test
weight Price
Num (lbs.
per
ber of per
bush meas bushel
(60
els.
ured
bush lbs.).
el).
\
3-5th(con.)
12th...........
26th...........
i
31st............
!
29
204
105
94
140
56
48
53
46
29
26
130
89
27
84
97
160
151
97
52
54
23
67
27
49
42
335
50
54
4
92
27
42
Avers
54 $0.92
60
.98
59§ 1.00
59
.97
58
.96
58
.95
58
.94
57
.95
57
.93*
57
.93
.94
56
.92
56
55
.90
54
.88
.97
60
58
.96
58
.95
.94
58
57
.94
56
.94
56
.90
55
.90
53
.86
53
.85
52
.80
59
.96
58
.95
.94
57
56
.92
55
.90
54
.90
53
.88
53
.85
.950 j
18th...........
25th...........
31st............
607
432
1,085 I
472
220
56
33
53
54
107
54
535
202
54
55
60
59
60
60
59
59
58
58
58
60
60
60
59
59
59
$0.78
.76
.78
.76
.76
.75
.75
.74
.73
.76
.75
.74
.76
.75
.74
1
Ave:
.763
October.
206
153
270
200
103
41
106
208
48
162
38
98
52
54
113
58
103
100
53
31
48
82
49
45
68
95
60
60
60
59
59
58
57
56
56
55
54
54
54
60
60
59J
59
59
59
59
58
57
54
54
53
60
$0.54
.53
.51
.53
.51
.52
.50
.48
.47
.45
.46
.44
.41
.55
.53
.55
.55
.54
.53
.50
.45
.49
.44
.43
.40
.55
4th.............
6th.............
53
712
139
51
53
3
96
49
32
60
1,504
100
102
168
1,172
1
44
300
54
55
130
47
47
53
53
52
60 10.83
60
.81
59£
.83
59
.80
58
.70
57
.78
57
.77
57
. 75
.81
61
60
.83
60
.81*
60
.81
59
.83
59
.81
58
.80
58
.79
57
.80
.79
57
.78
57
57
.65
56
.78
56
.7 5 '
56
.70
55
.75
55
.74
55
.68
7th.............
14th...........
21st............
28th...........
31st............
58
15
11
27
19
14
118
3
276
5
18
23 j
7 i!
i1
ji
i
60
59
56
53
58
57
55
55
54
59
58
57
60
$0.94
.92
.90
.85
.92
.90
.90
.88
.87
.98
.93
.95
.96
!
j
*
84
BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS.
PRICES P A ID FARM ERS FO R H A R D W IN T E R W H EA T B Y
ELEVATO RS, A T 16 TOWNS IN KANSAS, MARCH AN D OCTOBER, 1906,
1910, AND 1911— Continued.
A p p e n d ix I . —
E L E V A T O R NO.
Continued.
October— Continued.
|
1910
1906
Day of
month.
9th (con.)...
12th.............
13th..............
18th..............
20th.............
27th.............
Test
weight
Num (lbs. Price
per
ber of per
bush meas bushel
(60
els.
ured lbs.).
bush
el).
168
8
51
36
46
197
31
55
112
57
34
109
48
56
154
109
103
41
51
174
50
48
31
162
105
179
520
74
7
55
54
100
21
148
52
442
134
147
50
290
51
147
63
40
57
55
163
52
55
94
53
53
52
666
55
106
50
475
28
53
33
94
85
216
59
59
58
57*
57
56
55
55
54
53
52
60
59
58
58
57
57
56
56
55
54
54
53
60
60
60
59
58
58
57
57
57
57
60
59
58
58
58
57
57
57
57
56
56
56
54
60
60
60
59*
59
59
58
58
58
58
57
56
53
60
59
59
58
58
Day of
month.
$0.54
8th.............
.53
.52
.50
.52
.50
.48 1 12th...........
.45
.45
.40
.35
.56
.55
.52
15th...........
.50
.52
.50
.50
.45
.45
.45
19th...........
.44
.40
.56
.55
.53
.53
22d.............
.52
.50
.53
.52
.46
.43
.54
.53
.54
.53 26th...........
.52
.53
.52
.51
.50
.50
.49
.43
.44
.57
.56
.55
.56
.56
.55
.54
.53
.52
.50
.50
.48
.45
.55
.53
.50
.52
.50
1911
Test
weight
Num (lbs. Price
per
ber of per
bush meas bushel
(60
els.
ured
bush lbs.).
el).
143
293
51
60
147
50
415
110
216
182
22
16
51
61
215
190
303
147
108
14
99
200
75
209
89
53
230
101
118
166
27
56
267
71
25
74
261
110
50
48
71
54
11
105
155
58
418
326
73
54
51
54
6
59*
59
59
58
57
56
60
60
59*
59
58
57
56
61
60
60
59
59
58
56
60
60
59*
59
59
55
60
60
59*
59
59
59
58
58
57
56
60
59
58
58
58
57
57
57
55
60
59
58
58
56
56
56
55
Day of
month.
Test
weight Price
Num (lbs.
per
ber of per
bush meas bushel
(60
els.
ured lbs.).
bush
el).
$0.83
.83
.81
.81
.80
.79
.83
.81
.83
.83
.81
.78
.79
.80
.82
.80
.82
.80
.78
.78
.80
.78
.80
.80
.78
.75
.80
.78
.78
.80
.79
.78
.78
.76
.76
.75
.76
.76
.78
.76
.70
.78
.76
.71
.70
.76
.76
.74
.72
.73
.71
.70
.71
1
W H E A T AND FLOUR PRICES, FROM FARMER TO CONSUMER.
85
PRICES PA ID FARM ERS FO R H A R D W IN T E R W H E A T B Y
ELEVATO RS, A T 16 TOWNS IN KANSAS, MARCH AN D OCTOBER, 1906,
1910, AND 1911— Continued.
A p p e n d ix I .—
E L E V A T O R N O . 9—Concluded.
October— Concluded.
1910
19 06
Day of
month.
Test
weight
Num (lbs. Price
per
ber of per
bush meas bushel
(60
els.
ured
bush lbs.).
el).
27th (con.)..
31st.
105
74
46
27
32
31
83
55
111
51
53
53
92
55
48
141
100
54
52
28
57
57
56
55
55
54
54
60
60
59
59
59
58
58
57
57
56
55
55
53
Average
Day of
month.
1911
Test
weight
Num (lbs. Price
per
ber of per bushel
bush meas
(60
ured lbs.).
els.
bush
el).
Day of
month.
Test
weight
Price
Num (lbs.
per
ber of per
bush meas bushel
(60
els.
ured
bush lbs.).
el).
$0.50
.48
.48
.47
.46
.45
.44
.57
.52
. 56
.53
.52
.51
.50
.50
.48
.48
.48
.40
.35
.508
$0,792
Average.
$0J
Average.
E L E V A T O R N O. 10.
[Freight per bushel from elevator No. 10 to Kansas City: $0.09 in 190G and $0,075 in 1910 and 1911.]
March.
2d-5t'n
13
699
28th-Apr. 1. 1,011
60
60
60
$0.63
.61
.63
2d...............
3d...............
4th-5th... .
10th-14th..
15th...........
18th-22d...
23d.............
24th-26th,.
28th-29th..
30th...........
Avera*ip
.622
392
49
154
109
268
51
57
13
57
593
422
57
12
32
105
142
107
52
106
29
177
166
40
53
200
27
225
Av<:-rage
54
58
57
55
55
57
60
57
59
55
54
60
58
57
55
54
57
57
55
54
58
57
54
59
54
58
56
$0.90
.99
.98
.93
.90
.97
1.00
.97
1.00
.92
.90
1.00
.98
.98
.90
.85
.98
.97
.94
.90
1.00
.98
.90
1.00
.90
.98
.97
.933
lst-2d
56
53
3d-6th___
42
10th-13th.. 1,000
57
588
30
14th-16th..
751
17th-20th,.
533
5
21st............
53
512
114
544
168
23d.............
333
101
25th........... 1,214
147
60
434
Average
61
57
57
61
61
60
60
60
60
57
61
60
61
60
59
59
58
60
60
61
58
$0.75
.72
.73
.85
.80
.79
.78
.80
.80
.75
.80
.80
.80
.81
.78
.78
.76
.80
.78
.76
.75
.780
BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS.
86
PRICES P A ID FARM ERS FO R H A R D W IN T E R W HEAT B Y
E LE VATO RS, A T 16 TOWNS IN KANSAS, M ARCH AN D OCTOBER. 1906,
1910, AND 1911— Continued.
A p p e n d ix I . —
E L E V A T O R N O . 10—Concluded.
October.
1906
1910
1911
Ii
Day of
month.
Test
weight Price
Num (lbs.
per
ber of per bushel
bush- meas
(60
ured lbs.).
bush
el).
1st........... .
2 d -3 d ....
4th...........
5th-Cth..,
8 t h ..____
9th...........
10th........ .
12th........
13th-15th
16th.........
17th.........
18th........ .
19th........
20th........ .
22d-23d...
26th-27th.
29th.
BOth.
31st-Nov. 1.
115
110
242
59
151
54
60
369
138
48
161
155
336
35
351
112
60
57
271
399
167
232
91
231
356
706
122
112
633
106
59
175
826
113
60
51
33
349
146
90
113
569
158
57
146
134
104
402
20
97
520
0.59
.58
.60
. 59
.58
.59
.59
.54
Day of
month.
1st.............
3d-5th___
6th.............
.58
.58
. 57£
.52
.59
.59
.59
.59
.60
.59
.59
.60
.60
.58
.60
.60
.60
.60
.59
.60
.60
.59
.59
.60
.59
.58
.57
.60
.60
.57
.56
.55*
.58”
.57
.57
.57
.52
.55
.57
.58
.57
8th-10th..
11th...........
12th-13th .
14th-15th .
17th...........
I9th-20th .
21st............
22d.............
24th.,..
2oth...........
26th-27th .
28th...........
29th-31st..
Average.
.584
Test
weight Price
Num (lbs.
per
ber of per bushel
bush meas
(60
els.
ured lbs. j.
bush
el). |
397
60
80
59
205
178
262
219
761
58
218
53
268
471
659
52
101
530
280
40
148
13
108
54
57
146
221
150
1,054
30
118
109
106
285
58
50
72
95
26
163
103
15
270
78
490
30
267
114
403
55
72
45
108
55
139
53
358
47
49
56
5
■ 794
89
103
I
j
i
|
|
j
!
61 $0.87
61
.86
61
.85
60
.86
.85
60
59
.85
.84
58
.83
57
.861
60
.86
60
.85
60
61
.86
61
.85
.85
60
60
.86
56
.80
61
.86
.86
60
.85
60
.84
58
.83
57
61
.86
61
.85
61
.86
61
.85
60
.85
.85
59
61
.85
.84
59
.83
59
61
.85
.84
61
60
.83
.82
60
.82
59
58
.80
58
.80
58
.78
.75
56
61
.84
.83
61
61
.82
.82
59
56
.78
61
.87
60
.80
57
.70
61
.83
61
.82
.82
60
.80
61
55
.60
62
.81
.82
60
60
.80
61
.81
60
.80
.78
58
56
.76
61
.81
61 ; .80
6 0; .80
58 ! .78
55 | .73
Average.................... j . 833
____________ !
!
j
j
j
Day of
month.
Test
weight Price
Num (lbs.
per
ber of per
bush meas bushel
(60
els.
ured
lbs.).
bush
el).
2d............... 1,177
4th.............
45
242
178
j
57
248
179
198
j 7th-9th—
79
63
! 10th...........
388
1,193
176
1 lO th -llth.
56
687
60
!
49
57 i
12th........... 1
t 229
158
190
113
86
175
I 116
!
53
1 14th........... 1 821
! 116
1
j
53
! 1,327
1 16th........... ;
98
I 332
I 158
?
21
i 17th........... i
60
j 230
19th........... ; 107
! 892
i 114
20th........... ! 240
60
I1
21st............1[
60
i|
82
60
23d.............1! 1,362
34
21th...........
564
127
566
! 433
| 530
j
56
S 495
i 245
66
j 27th...........
183
! 28tii-30th .
92
31st...........
63
211
54
|
1
Average..
61 $0.90
62
.93
.93
61
61
.94
61
.93
62
.90
62
.84
61
.94
.95
61
.94
61
61
.97
61
.96
62
.97
62
.90
61
.97
.93
59
.91
57
63
.95
62
.97
62
.95
61
.96
61
.95
.92
57
62
.96
61
.95
60 iI .95
62
.97
62
.96
.96
61
61
.95
60
.97
61
.97
61
.96
61
.95
61
.93
62
.96
61 1 .96
62 !
.97
61
.97
.95
61
.97
62
61
.97
62
.97
61
.98
60
.98
62
.98
61
.98
62
.98
61
.98
;
.92
61
62 !| .98
62 | .97
62 i
.96
62 i1 .95
61 i
.98
59
.92
61
.95
61
.95
.95
62.
62
.93
.95
61
.95*)
W H E A T AND FLOUR PRICES, FROM FARMER TO CONSUMER.
87
PRICES P A ID FARM ERS FO R H A R D W IN T E R W H EA T B Y
E LE VATO RS, A T 16 TOWNS IN KANSAS, M ARCH AN D OCTOBER, 1906.
1910, AND 1911— Continued.
A p p e n d ix I .—
E L E V A T O R N O . 11.
[Freight per bushel from elevator No. 11 to Kansas City: $0,102 in 1906 and $0.037 in 1910 and 1911.]
March.
1906
Day of
month.
(l).
1910
Test
weight
Num (lbs. Price
per
ber of per
bush meas bushel
(60
els.
ured lbs.).
bush
el).
(»)
C1)
(»)
Day of
month.
1st..
10th
11th.
12th.
15th.
22d..
1911
Test
weight
Num (lbs. Price
per
ber of per
bush meas bushel
(60
ured lbs.).
els.
bush
el).
56
32
46
46
54
109
$ 1.02
1.00
.80
.80
1.00
1.01
Day of
month.
Test
weight Price
Num (lbs.
per
ber of per
bush meas bushel
(60
els.
ured
bush lbs.).
el).
3d...
8th..
9th..
10th.
97
100
144
114
30
98
62
383
20
58
32
61
127
61
669
120
73
46
164
179
71
61
11th.
13th.
14th.
16th.
18th.
20th.
21st.
25th.
28th.
29th.
31st.
.953
Average..
61
62
60
62
61
60
62
61
60
62
61
62
61
62
61
62
61
60
59
58
60
62
$0.81
.82
.81
.82
.82
.82
.82
.83
.82
.83
.82
.82
.82
.82
.82
.80
.80
.81
.80
.76
.78
.78
.812
Average.
October.
1st..
2 d ..
3d ..
6th.
8th.
9th..
10th
11th
12th
13th
16th
84
47
102
4
5
45
53
104
464
56
57
97
164
53
267
93
376
569
200
34
179
857
56
40
$0.
1st..
2d...
3d...
4th..
5th..
6th..
7th..
8th.,
10th.
11th.
$0
73
44
50
236
102
64
55
42
77
67
65
57
152
152
47
57
128
26
128
131
79
208
151
2d..
3d..
5th.
6th.
7th,
9th..
13th.
14th.
16th.
17th.
18th.
i Records for March, 1906, destroyed.
79
28
76
780
92
112
58
369
198
86
151
53
79
19
52
219
73
55
57
33
54
83
56
83
186
!
!
;!
j;
!I
i|
!
j1
:I
|
!
;
|
!
|
|
61
60
59
61
59
59
60
60
59
59
58
57
56
60
56
59
60
50
60
59
60
60
59
56
60
j $0.95*
i
.96*
| .95
.95
j
.95
.97
;
!
.96
!
.98
.97
;
.94
.95
!
• .96
| .95
.98
.97
.98
.97
!
!
.93
!
.98
!
.97
I
.98
i
.98
}
.98
:
.95
| .98
BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS.
88
PRICES P A ID FARM ERS FOR H A R D W IN T E R W H EA T B Y
ELEVATO RS, A T 10 TOWNS IN KANSAS, M ARCH AND OCTOBER, 1906,
1910, AND 1911— Continued.
A p p e n d ix ' I . —
E L E V A T O R N O . II—Concluded.
October— Concluded.
1910
1906
Day of
month.
17th.............
155th .........
19th .........
20th.............
24th.............
25th
........
27th.............
29th.............
30th.............
31st
.........
Test
weight Price
Num (lbs.
per
ber of per
bush meas bushel
(60
ured lbs.).
els.
bush
el).
55
163
31
27
695
359
26
88
226
85
27
54
119
16
46
40
225
41
50
57
24
56
42
59 $0.57
. 56
59
56
.51
55
.50
60
59
57
00
59
58
57
56
55
58
54
58
58
56
59
59
58
58
.57
.56
.53
.50
.56
.54
.53
.52
.50
.55
.35
.56
.55
.52
.57
.56
.56
.55
Day of
month.
12th...........
13th...........
14th...........
loth...........
17th...........
18th...........
19th...........
20th...........
22d.............
24th...........
26th...........
27th...........
29th...........
Avera^'6..........
.539
1911
Test
weight
Num (lbs. Price
per
ber of per
bushel
bush meas
(60
els.
ured lbs.).
bush
el).
167
132
330
96
111
258
153
82
156
117
117
68
128
46
26
72
173
45
60
64
119
371
31
4
309
70
51
57
41
104
14
198
73
188
187
Avprapp.......
61 !$0.87
60
.87
59
.86
58
.84
61
.85
60
.85
61
.85
60
.85
58
.84
61
.85
60
.85
59
.84
.84
61
59
.83
56
.81
61
.83
60
.83
56
.80
60
.83
62
. 83*
61£ .83
61
.83
60
.83
59
.82
61
.83
60
.83
61
.83
.84
62
.83
61
58
;82
57
.81
.84
60
62
.82
.82
61
.82
60
.852
Day of
month.
Test
weight
Price
Num (lbs.
per
ber of per
bush meas bushel
(60
els.
ured
bush lbs.).
el).
291
60
163
85
160
381
268
58
20th...........
58
109
107
52
21st............
335
350
70
77
16
23d.............
258
182
50
24th...........
86
117
618
189
119
252
71
48
71
2^th...........
167
223
159
193
77
26th..
166
81
204
1,827
53
52
28th...........
77
50
73
144
30th..
37
31st............
53
40
18th (con.)
19th...........
Average____
59
61
61
59
58
57
57
55
60
59
58
56
60
59
59
58
56
60
58
57
62
61
60
59
58
57
55
55
52
62
61
60
60
59
61
60
58
57
55
54
60
60
59
58
60
61
57
SO. 98
1.00
.99
.99
.98
.97
.96
.95
1.00
1.00
.97
.94
1.00
1.00
.99
.99
.95
1.00
.98
.96
1.00
1.00
1.00
.99
.98
.97
.95
.94
.90
1.00
.99
1.00
.99
.99
.97
.97
.95
.94
.93
.92
.97
.93
.96
.95
.95
.94
.93
.969
W H EA T AND FLOUR PRICES, FROM FARMER TO CONSUMER.
89
I .— PRICES PA ID FARM ERS FO R H A R D W IN T E R W H E A T B Y
ELE VATO RS, A T 16 TOWNS IN KANSAS, MARCH AND OCTOBER, 1906,
1910. AND 1911— Continued.
A p p e n d ix
ELEVATOR NO. 12.
[Freight per bushel from elevator No. 12 to Kansas City: $3,081 in 1900 and $0,060 in 1910 and 1911.]
March.
Day of
month.
Bushels
bought.
Average
price per
bushel
(60 lbs.).
(l)
(l)
(9 -
1911
1910
1906
Bushels
bought.
Day of
month.
192
157
269
144
252
47
3
100
47
224
173
121
1st..
2d...
3d...
4th..
5th..
12th
24th
25th
26th
29th
30th
31st.
Average.
Average
price per
bushel
(60 lbs.).
$0.96
.95
94
85
88
95
90
98
94
96
98
99
.940
Day of
month.
Bushels
bought.
54
204
375
219
360
676
439
585
624
168
162
155
159
250
1,076
445
570
869
1 st...
2 d ....
3 d ....
4th...
6th...
8th...
9th...
10th..
11th..
13th..
14th..
15th..
16th..
17th..
18th..
20th..
21st..
22d...
23d...
24th..
27th..
30th..
1,122
363
6
481
Average.
Average
price per
bushel
(60 lbs.).
$0.76
.73J
.73
.73|
.74
.72
.71*
.71*
.72*
.73
.76*
.68
.70
.71*
.71
.69
.72
.77
.77
.77*
.79
.75
.734
October.
332
303
196
249
170
723
457
899
76
1st..
4th..
6th..
8th..
10th
12th
13th
20th
27th
$0.58
.58
.58
.57f
.58*
.58*
.58*
.58*
.57
78
399
131
939
893
157
141
382
409
55
127
406
102
388
340
297
451
348
335
207
54
$0.81
.86
.82
.80
.79
.85*
.81
.85*
.86
.83
.82
.73*
.69*
.75
.76*
.76
.78
.79f
.80
.80
.78
Average...............
.798
1st.................
3d..................
5th................
6th................
8th................
10th...............
11th...............
12th...............
13th...............
14th...............
15th...............
17th...............
18th..............
19th...............
20th...............
21st...............
22d................
25th..............
27th..............
31st...............
Average.
.582
i No purchase during month.
2d............
3d............
4th...........
5th...........
6th...........
7th...........
9th...........
10th.........
11th.........
12th......... .
13th.........
14th.........
16th.........
17th.........
18th.........
19t.h.........
20fch.........
21st..........
23d...........
24th.........
25th.........
26th.........
27th.........
Average.
268
464
1,399
1,971
1,580
1,468
1,527
1,805
2,613
1,259
218
220
788
823
546
399
571
353
177
463
863
172
59
$0.93*
.94|
. 94f
.94
.93
.95*
.95
.94*
.95
.94*
.94
.95
.95
.95
. 95
.95
.96*
.98
.98
.99
.98
.96
.96
.951
BU LLETIX OF THE BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS.
90
I .—PRICES P A ID FARM ERS FOR H A R D W IN T E R W H EAT B Y
ELEVATO RS. A T 16 TOWNS IN KANSAS, M ARCH AND OCTOBER, 1906,
1910, AND 1 9 ll— Continued.
A p p e n d ix
ELEVATOR NO. 13.
[Freight per bushel from elevator No. 13 to Kansas City: $0,087 in 1906 and $0,075 in 1910 and 1911.J
March.
1910
1906
Day of
month.
Bushels
bought.
17th..
Average
price per
bushel
(60 lbs.).
20
Day of
month.
$1.03
1.02
1.05
.97
.95
1.05
1.05
.99
1.06
1.07
394
32
28
133
54
107
90
19
42
21st...............
22d..............
24th.............
25th.............
28th.............
30th.............
31st.............
Average.
Average
price per
bushel
(<50 lbs.).
Bushels
bought.
*)d................
12th.............
14th.............
$0.51
1911
.510
Day of
month!
1
Average
i Bushels ! price per
| bought. 1 bushel
1
(60 lbs.).
1st.................
2d..................
6th................
8th................
9th................
l lt ’n ...............
22d................
23d................
24th...............
25th..............
28th..............
1.024
19
171
173
50
37
18
223
472
391
167
56
;
j
!
;
I
!
i
|
;
$0.80
.81
.82
.82
.82
.81
.82
.82
.82
.81
.79
Average.
October.
172
160
428
336
148
121
109
454
413
974
1,091
629
641
274
467
257
226
108
293
357
113
45
55
34
3d..............
4th...........
oth...........
6th...........
7th...........
8th...........
10th.........
11th.........
12th.........
13th.........
14th.........
15th.........
17th......... .
18th.........
19th.........
20th......... .
21st..........
22d............
24th.........
25th.........
26th......... .
27tli.........
28th.........
29th.........
i
1
j
;I
1
jI
|
1
$o.sn
.88'
. 88*
.89"
.88*
.90'
.89
.39£
.89
.89*
.86*
•89|
.89*
.88“
.89*
.88'
.86£
.88*
.85”
.86*
.84
.84
.84
.82
Average
Average
.883
2d
3d
4th
5th..
277
837
841
492
1,064
1,405
736
1,218
1,159
1,284
445
612
469
882
453
1,037
1,270
1,741
1,189
198
500
79
254
230
7th..
9th..
10th
Uth
12th
13th
Uth
16th
17th,
18th,
19th
20th,
21st
23d.
25th,
26th
28th
30th.
31st
$0.96*
.97i
.98
.99
.99
.97
.97
.90
. 98*
.96*
.99
.98*
. 97|
.97*
.98
.99’*
1.00'
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
.9V»
1.66
Average.
. 985
ELEVATOR NO. 14.
[Freight per bushel from eiovator No. 14 to Kansas City: $0,099 in 1906 and $0,081 in 1910 and 1911.]
March.
Sd..................
10th...............
13th...............
19th...............
22d................
29th...............
80th..............
Average.
388
55
65
113
264
109
245
I
j
I
j
j
|
;
|
\]
SO. 62 !• 2d.................. !
.61 ; 5th................ ;
.60 *: s t i i ................ *
.61
10th..............
. 61
17th...............
.61
23c!................
.63
2‘ith...............
30th...............
.617
Average.
265 j
116 !
54 ;
$0
252
224
2d..................
7th................
lith ...............
14th...............
17th...............
18th...............
mt..........
105:
23d................
.954
Average........
51
171
335
590
746
342
719
184
$0.73
. 72.’,I63a
. 73'. 77
. 77*
. 75-%
.77*
.7,3
W H E A T AND FLOUR PRICES, FROM FARMER TO CONSUMER.
91
I .—PRICES P A ID FARM ERS FO R H A R D W IN T E R W H EA T B Y
ELEVATO RS, A T 16 TOWNS IN KANSAS, MARCH AN D OCTOBER, 1906,
1910, AN D 1911— Continued.
A p p e n d ix
E L E V A T O R N O . 14-Concluded.
October.
1906
Day of
month.
1st.................
3d..................
4th .............
5th................
6th................
9th................
12th...............
13th...............
19th...............
24th..............
26th..............
27th..............
31st...............
1910
1911
Bushels
foought.
Average
price per
bushel
(60 lbs.).
Day of
month.
Bushels
bought.
316
321
124
246
207
56
89
267
211
45
92
125
397
$0.50£
.48
.50
.50
.50
.52
.52
.53
.52
.35
.52£
.49
.49
1st............
3d.............
11th.........
13th.........
14th.........
15th.........
18th.........
19th.........
20th.........
21st..........
22d...........
25th.........
27th.........
28th.........
265
98
141
406
783
424
587
997
720
145
1,030
282
253
1,090
Averagee...............
Average
price per
bushel
(60 lbs.).
$0
Bushels
bought.
Average
price per
bushel
(60 lbs.).
42
182
10.87
7th..
23d.,
73*
Average.,
.500 |
Day of
month.
.768
Average.
.919
E L E V A T O R NO. 15.
[Freight per bushel from elevator No. 15 to Kansas City: $0,096 in 1906 and $0.0795 in 1910 and 1911.]
March.
76
205
108
78
272
135
173
82
220
112
155
197
I0.64J
.64*
.62$
.61
.64*
.63}
.66
.65i
.66“
.66
.65
.65*
Average................
.647
3d..................
9th................
13th...............
14th...............
15th...............
21st...............
24th...............
26th...............
28th..............
29th...............
30th...............
31st...............
| 3d...
| 5th.,
16th
I 21st.
I 25th,
i 26th.
! 30th,
!
;
;
44
97
116
42
47
53
51
$1.05
1.04
1.05
1.05
1.06
1.06
1.07
1st..
11th
14th
16th.
18th.
21st.
23d.
24th.
25th.
31st.
|
1.052
Average
;e...............
I
55
127
257
112
533
927
233
115
122
228
Average.
$0.82
.83
.83
.83
.82*
.83
.83
.81
.81
.80
.824
October.
1st...
2 d ...
3 d ...
4th..
6th..
8th..
9th...
10th..
11th..
12th..
13th.
15th..
16th..
1,248
532
357
850
873
955
1,241
1,374
989
1,647
2,317
409
387
$0.53
.54
.55
.57
.58
•56|
.56
.56
,55b
.53'
.54A
.56
.59
1st.................
3d..................
4th................
5th.................
6th................
8th................
10th...............
11th...............
15th...............
17th...............
18th...............
22d...............
717
635
769
321
618
438
1,309
688
254
60
139
7
135
j:
!
ji
jI
$0.90
.89J
.90
. 89A
.90“
.90
.90
.89^
.90'
.88
•84*
.88
.87
2d ,
: 3d
i 4th .
5th.
! 6th
i 7th
; 9th
| 10th.
] 11th
I 12th
1 13th
1 14th
i 16th.
341
618
479
425
258
034
346
269
545
438
290
923
343
$0.94
.94
.94
.94*
.97
.96
.95
•95|
.94*
•97|
.96
.98
BULLETIN OF THE BUBEAU OF LABOR STATISTICS.
92
PRICES P A ID FARM ERS FO R H A R D W IN T E R W H EA T B Y
E LE VATO RS, A T 16 TOWNS IN KANSAS, M ARCH AN D OCTOBER, 1906,
1910, AND 1911— Concluded.
A p p e n d ix I . —
E L E V A T O R N O . 15-Concluded.
October—Concluded.
1906
Day of
month.
Bushels
bought.
932
900
1,449
1,944
469
454
1,373
1,467
144
858
1,142
17th..
18th..
19th..
20th.
23d..
24th..
25th.
26th..
29th.
30th.,
31st..
Average.
1910
Average
price per
bushel
(60 lbs.).
Day of
month.
Bushels
bought.
$0.57
25th.
.57*
•57$
. 56
. 53 '
•57f
.55 $
. 57
. 38*
.54 !
.55| j
.557 !
1911
100
Average
price per
bushel
(60 lbs.).
$0.84
Day of
month.
Bushels
bought.
17th
18th
19th
20th.
21st.
23d.
24th
25th
26th
27th
Average.
1,833
1,605
772
1,166
964
475
389
441
674
121
Average.
Average
price per
bushel
(60 lbs.).
$0.99$
1.00
1.00
.99!
l.ooa
1.01
1.01
1.00$
1.003
1.00
.983
E L E V A T O R N O . 16.
[Freight per bushel from elevator No. 16 to Kansas City: $0,096 in 1906 and $0.0795 in 1910 and 1911.]
March.
1st.................
2d..................
7th................
8th................
9th................
10th..............
19th...............
20th..............
2 4 th ............
29th...............
70
280
26
135
221
176
122
645
54
279
Average...............
$0.68
.66$
.66
.66
.68
.67
.65
.67
.63
.65
j 12th
i
i
j
!
;
j
i
:
j
$0.45
Average
.665 j
7th.................
9th.................
10th...............
11th...............
17th...............
20th...............
25th...............
31st...............
.450
16
81
171
264
808
220
779
1,191
Averag
$0.82
.83
.83
.83
.83
.83
.83
.82
.827
October.
3d..................
4th................
5th.................
6th................
8th.................
9th................
10th...............
11th...............
12th...............
13th...............
15th...............
16th..............
17th...............
23d................
24th...............
26th...............
27th...............
29th...............
30th...............
31st...............
Average.
238
146
500
1,032
778
1,329
1,481
2,397
1,921
1,678
703
1,558
843
57
192
148
540
597
1,487
2,012
$0.48
.56*
..54
.53
•53|
.55
.54
.56
.55i
.54|
.57
.55
.53
.45
.55
.44
.50
•47$
.53*
.54$
.541
1,24?
1,537
1,298
1,326
812
1,243
869
633
1,141
1,827
1,102
1,290
437
310
671
640
571
1st..
3d...
4th..
5th..
6th..
7th..
8th..
10th.
11th.
12th.
13th.
14th.
15th.
18th.
24th.
26th.
31st.
Average.
$0.89$
.89$
.89
.89
,88f
.89
.89|
.90
.90
.90
.89
.88
.88J
.88*
.86|
.84
.84$
.888 i
4th..
5th..
7th..
10th
Uth,
12th,
14th,
16th
17th
18th
20th,
21st.
23d.
24th
25th
26th
28th
31st.
1,225
217
968
1,073
991
395
1,403
756
1,044
1,049
1,538
1,266
757
968
1,735
843
736
953
Average.
$0,925
.94
.95|
.96*
.97|
.97$
.97
.98
.97*
.97$
.99
1.00
1.00$
1.00$
1.00$
1.00$
1.00
.99
.981
W H E A T AND FLOUR PRICES, FROM FARMER TO CONSUMER.
93
APPENDIX II.— LOCAL M ARKET PRICES OF NO. 2 HARD WINTER
WHEAT IN 6 TOW NS IN K A N SA S, MARCH AND OCTOBER, 1906, 1910,
AND 1911, AS REPORTED BY D AILY NEWSPAPERS PUBLISHED IN
THOSE TOW N S.
ABILEN E.
March.
1910
1906
Day of month.
Price per
bushel.
$0.66
.66
.66
1 st..
8th.
15t;h
22d.
29th
Day of month.
1911
Price per
bushel.
3 d ....
10 th ..
31st..
.67
.67
Day of month.
Price per
bushel.
$1.00
.98
1.00
2d.._
9 th 16th..
23d...
30th..
$0.80
.83
.82
.83
.76
$0.88
5th...
12 th..
19th..
26th..
$0 97
October.
n th .
18th.
SO. 57
6th ..
13th.
27tli.
00
C L A Y C EN T ER .
March.
1 s t . . . . ........................
2d ...............................
3d................................
5th..............................
6th..............................
7th..............................
8th..............................
9th..............................
10 th ............................
12 th ............................
U th ............................
15th............................
16th............................
17th............................
19th............................
20th ............................
21 st...............................
22d ..............................
23d..............................
24th............................
26th............................
27th............................
28th............................
29th............................
30th............................
31st..............................
$0.67-$0.68
.67- .68
. 67- . 68
. 66- .67
. 66- .67
. 66- .67
. 66- .67
.65- .66
.65- .66
.65- .66
.65- .66
.65- .66
.65- .66
. 66- .67
. 66- . 67
. 67— . 68
. 67- . 68
. 67- . 68
.67- .68
.67- .68
.67- .68
.67- .68
.67- .68
.67- .68
.67- . 68
.68
1 st............................
2d..............................
3d............................
4tb...................... .
5th............................
7th............................
8th............................
9th............................
10 th..........................
1 1 th..........................
12 th..........................
14th..........................
15th ........................
16th..........................
17th..........................
....................
18th
19th..........................
21 s t..........................
22d............................
23d ........................
24th..........................
25th. ....................
,
___
28th. ......................
29th..........................
30th..........................
31st..........................
$1.02
1.02
1.02
1.0 1
1.0 1
1.0 1
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.02
1.02
1.02
1.02
1.02
1.0 1
1.0 1
1.0 1
1.0 1
1.0 1
1.02
1.02
1.02
1.02
1.02
1.02
1 s t............................
2d..............................
3dr............................
4th............................
6th............................
7th........................
8th............................
9th............................
10 th..........................
1 1 th..........................
13th..........................
14th..........................
15th..........................
16th..........................
17th..........................
18th..........................
20th..........................
21 st..........................
22d............................
23d............................
24th..........................
25th..........................
27th..........................
28th..........................
29th..........................
30th.........................
i 31st..........................
$0.80
.80
.80
October.
1 st...
2 d ..
3 d ..
4th. .
5 th. .
6t h ..
8t h ..
10th.
U th.
12 th.
13th.
15th.
16 th.
$0.59
.60
.60
.60
.60
.60
.60
.60
.60
.60
.60
.60
.60
3d..............................
4th............................
5th............................
6th............................
7th............................
8th ...........................
10 th..........................
1 1 th..........................
12 th..........................
13th..........................
14th..........................
15th..........................
17th..........................
1 Yellow wheat.
$0.88
.88
.88
.88
.90
.90
.90
.90
.89
.87
.86
.86
.87
2d.............................. i$ 0. 92 2 $0.94
i. 92
3d..............................
2.94
l. 95
2.97
4th............................
l* 97
2.99
5th ............................
98 21.00
6th................. ...........
l. 97
7th............................
l*
9th............................
2.98
l.
10 th..........................
2.96
l.
1 1 th..........................
2.97
l.
12 th ..
.
2.97
l.
13th..........................
2.97
l*
14th..........................
2.98
1/
16th..........................
2 Dark wheat.
94
BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS.
LOCAL M A R K E T PRICES OF NO. 2 H A R D W IN T E R W H EA T
IN 6 TOWNS IN KANSAS, M ARCH AND O CTOBER, 1906,1910, AN D 1911, AS
R E P O R T E D B Y D A IL Y NEW SPAPERS PU B LISH E D IN TH OSE TOW NS—
Continued.
A p p e n d ix I I . —
C L A Y C E N T E R —Concluded.
October—Concluded.
1906
Day of month.
17th
18th
19th
20th
22d.
23d.
24th
25th
26th
27th
29th
30th
31st.
1910
Price per
bushel.
$0.60
.60
.60
.60
.60
.60
.58
.58
.58
.58
.59
.59
.59
Day of month.
1911
Price per
bushel.
18th..
19th..
20th..
21st..
22d.„.
24th..
25th. „
26th..
27th..
28th..
29th..
31st..
Day of month.
Price per
bushel.
l $0 96 2 $0.98
96
2.98
98 2 1.09
98 2 1.00
98 2 1.00
98 2 1.00
97
2.99
97
2.99
95
2.97
95
2.97
95
2.97
2.95
93
$0.i
.85
.85
.85
.85
.85
.85
.85
.85
.85
.85
.83
17thfc.
18th. _
20th..
21st..
2 3d...
2 4th 25th ..
26th..
27th..
28th..
30th..
31st..
$1.03
1.03
1.03
1.03
1.03
1.03
1.03
1.03
1.03
1.03
1.03
1.03
1.03
1.03
1.03
1.03
1.03
1.03
1.03
1.03
1.03
1.03
1.03
1.04
1.04
1.04
1.04
1st..
2d...
3d...
4 th..
6th..
7th..
8th..
9th..
10th.
11th.
13th.
14th.
15th.
16th.
17th.
18th.
20th.
21st.
22d..
23d.
24th.
25th
27th.
28th,
29th
30th,
31st.
$0.84
.84
.84
.84
.84
. 84
.84
.84
.84
.84
.84
.84
.84
.84
.84
.84
.81
.81
.81
.81
.81
.81
.81
.81
.81
.81
.81
2d.............................
so. m
.96
.9$
.98
.98
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
H U T C H IN S O N .
March.
1st..
2d ..
3d ..
6th.
5th.
7th.
8th.
9th.
10th
12th
13th
14th
15th
16th
17th
19th
20th
21st.
22d.
23d.
26th
27th
30th
31st.
$0
1st..
2d...
3d...
4th..
5th..
7th..
8th..
9th..
10th.
11th.
12th.
14th.
15th.
16th.
17th
18th.
19th.
21st.
22d.,
23d..
24th.
25th,
26th.
28th,
29th.
30th.
31st.
October.
1st..
2 d ..
3 d ..
4th.
5th.
6th.
8th.
9th.
10th
11th
12th
13th
15th
16th
17th
13th
$0.60
.60
.60
.60
.60
.60
.60
.60
.60
.60
.60
.60
.60
.60
.60
.60
1st............................
3d.............................
4th............................
6th............................
7th.................... .
8th...........................
11th..........................
12th..........................
13th..........................
14th...................... .
15th..........................
17th..........................
18th..........................
19th..........................
20th..........................
). 92
.92
.90
.90
.90
.90
.90
.90
.90
.90
.90
.90
.90
.90
.88
.88
4th............................
5th............................
6th............................
7th............................
9th............................
10th..........................
11th..........................
12th..........................
13th..........................
14th..........................
16th..........................
17th..........................
18th..........................
19th______________
2 Dark wheat
W H E A T AND FLOUR PBICES, FBOM FARMER TO CONSUMER.
95
II.—LOCAL M A R K E T PRICES OF NO. 2 H A R D W IN T E R W H EA T
IN 6 TOWNS IN KANSAS, M ARCH AND OCTOBER, 1906,1910, AND 1911. AS
R E PO R TE D B Y D A IL Y N EW SPAPERS PU B LISH E D IN THOSE TOW NS—
Continued.
A p p e n d ix
H U T C H IN S O N —Concluded.
October— Concluded.
1910
1906
Day of month.
Price per
bushel.
$0.60
.59
.59
.60
.60
.60
19th
20th
23d.
24th
25th
26th
27th
29th
30th
31st.
Day of month.
1911
Price per
bushel.
21st.
22d.
24th.
25th
26th
27th
28th
29th.
31st.
$0
.60
Day of month.
20th.
21st.
23d.
24th.
25th.
26th.
27th.
28th
30th.
31st.
Price per
bushel.
$1.01
1.01
1.01
1.01
1.01
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
JU N CT IO N C IT Y .
March.
......................
1st
4th..............................
6th..............................
7th
........................
8th..............................
9th..............................
10th............................
12th............................
13th............................
15th
.............
16th............................
17th............................
19th............................
20th............................
2lst.............................
22d..............................
24th............................
26th............................
27th............................
28th............................
29th............................
30th............................
$0.69-$0.70
.69- .70
.69- . 70
.69- . 70
.67- .68
.67- .68
.67- .68
. 67- . 68
.67- . 68
.68- . 69
.68- .69
.68- .69
.70- .71
.70- .71
. 71- . 72
. 71- . 72
. 71- . 72
.71- .72
.71- .72
.71- .72
.72- .73
.72- .73
1st............................
2d.............................
3d.............................
4th............................
5th............................
7th............................
8th............................
9th............................
10th..........................
11th..........................
12th..........................
14th..........................
16th..........................
17th..........................
18th..........................
19th..........................
21st..........................
22d...........................
23d...........................
24th..........................
29th.........................
30th..........................
31st..........................
$1.03-SI. 06
1.03- 1.06
1.03- 1.06
1.03- 1.06
1.03- 1.06
1.03- 1.06
1.03- 1.06
1.03- 1.06
1.00- 1.02
1.00- 1.02
1.00- 1.02
1.00- 1.02
1.00- 1.02
1.00- 1.02
1.02- 1.05
1.02- 1.05
1.02- 1.05
1.02- 1.05
1.02- 1.05
1.02- 1.05
1.04- 1.06
1.04- 1.06
1.04- 1.06
1.04- 1.06
2d.............................
3d.............................
6th............................
7th............................
8th............................
9th............................
10th..........................
11th..........................
15th..........................
16th..........................
17th..........................
18th..........................
20th..........................
21st...........................
22d............................
23d...........................
24th..........................
27th..........................
29th..........................
30th.................... .
31st..........................
$0.84-$0.,85
.84- .,85
.84- .,85
.84- .,85
.84- .,85
. 85— ,86
*.8 2 - .,83
.81- .,82
.83- .,84
.83- .,84
.83- .,84
.83- .,84
.83- .,84
.83- .,84
.83- .,84
.83- .,84
.83- . 84
.83- ..84
. 83— 84
.83- . 84
.79- . 80
.79- . 80
2d.............................
5th............................
6th............................
7th............................
9th..........................
10th..
U th..
17th........................
18th..........................
31st.........................
$0.95
. 96]
.96*
.96*
.96*
.96|
. 96*
.98
.98
.97
October.
12th.
13th.
15th.
16th.
17th.
18th.
20th.
22d..
23d..
31st..
$0.62-$0.63 | 1st............................
.62- . 63 3d.............................
. 62- . 63 4th............................
. 62- . 63
. 62- . 63 6th............................
.62- . 63 7th............................
. 62- . 63 8th............................
10th..........................
.62- .63
Uth..........................
.62- . 63
. 61- . 62 12th..........................
13th..........................
14th..........................
loth..........................
18th..........................
20th..........................
21st..........................
j 22d...........................
24t.h..........................
i 28th..........................
! 29th..........................
! 31st..........................
$0.95
.95
.95
.95
.95
.95
.95
.95
$0.91- .92
.91- .92
.91- .92
.91- .92
.91- .92
.88- .89
.88
.88
.88
.88
.87
.87
.87
96
BULLETIN OF TH E BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS.
II.—LOCAL M A R K E T PRICES OF NO. 2 H A R D W IN T E R W H E A T
IN 6 TOWNS IN KANSAS, M ARCH AND OCTOBER, 1906,191Cfc AN D 1911, AS
RE PO R TE D B Y D A IL Y N EW SPAPERS PU B LISH E D IN THOSE TOWNS—
Continued.
A p p e n d ix
SALINA.
March.
1910
1906
Day of month.
P, " csjP,er
$0.65
. 65
.65
.64
.64
.63
.63
.63
.63
.63
. 64
. 65
. 65
.65
.65
. 65
. 65
. 65
.65
1 st...
2 d ...
3 d ...
4th..
5 th ..
8 th ..
9th..
14th.
15th.
16th.
19th.
20th..
21st..
22d..
23d..
27th.
28th.
29th.
31st..
Day of month.
1st..
2d...
3 d ..
4th..
5th..
7th..
8th..
9th..
10th.
11th
12th.
14th.
15th.
16th.
17th.
19th.
21st.
22d.
23d.
24th.
25th.
26th,
28th,
29th.
30th.
31st.
1911
Price per
bushel.
$1.02
1.02
1.00
1.00
1.00
.98
.98
.98
.98
.98
.98
.98
.98
.98
.98
.98
.98
.98
.98
.98
.98
.98
.98
1.00
1.00
1.00
Day of month.
1st............................
3d.............................
4th............................
6th............................
7th............................
8th............................
9th............................
11th..........................
13th..........................
14th..........................
15th..........................
16th........... ..............
17th..........................
18th..........................
20th..........................
22d...........................
23d...........................
24th..........................
25th..........................
27th..........................
28th..........................
29th..........................
30th..........................
31st..........................
Price per
bushel.
$0.78
.78
.78
.78
.78
.78
.78
.78
.78
.78
.78
.78
.78
.78
.78
.78
.78
.78
.78
.78
.78
.78
.78
.78
October.
1st..
2d ..
4th.
5th.
6th.
8th..
9th.
10th
13th
15th
16th
20th
22d.
23d.
24th
25th.
26th
30th
31st.
j
!
i
s
i
j
|
$0.57
.57
.57
. 57
.59
.59
.59
.59
.59
.59
.59
.59
.59
.59
.59
.59
.59
.59
.59
|! 1st............................
i 3d.............................
! 4th............................
! 5th............................
! 6th............................
7th............................
8th............................
10th..........................
11th..........................
12th..........................
13th..........................
1 17th..........................
j; 18th..........................
i 19th..........................
!! 20th..........................
i 22d...........................
1 24th..........................
i 25th..........................
; 26th..........................
: 29th..........................
i 31st..........................
$0.86
.86
.86
.86
.86
.86
.86
.86
.86
.86
.85
.85
.85
.85
.85
.85
.85
.85
.85
.85
.81
.81
.80
1 2d...
3d...
1 4th..
5th..
! 6th.
j 7th.,
: 9th..
i 10th.
11th.
12th
13th.
14th.
16th,
17th.
18th.
19th.
20th,
21st.
24th.
25th,
26th.
27th,
28th,
30th,
31st.
$0.94
.94
.94
.94
.96
.96
.96
.96
.97
.97
.97
.97
.97
.97
.95
W H E A T AND FLOUR PRICES, FROM FARMER TO CONSUMER.
97
IX.— LOCAL M A R K E T PRICES OF NO. 2 H A R D W IN T E R W H E A T
IN 6 TOWNS IN KANSAS, M ARCH AND OCTOBER, 1906, 1910, AN D 1911, AS
R E PO R TE D B Y D A IL Y N EW SPAPERS PU B LISH E D IN THOSE TOWNS—
Concluded.
A p p e n d ix
WINFIELD.
March.
1906
Day of month.
1st..
2 d ..
3d ..
5th.
6th.
7th.
8th.
9th.
10th
12th
13th
14th
15th
16th
17th
19th
20th.
21st.
22d.
23d.
24th
26th
27th
28th
29th
1910
Price per
bushel.
10.70-10.72
.70- .72
.70- .72
.70- .72
.70- .72
.70- .72
.70- .72
.70- .72
.70- .72
.70- .72
.70- .72
.70- .72
.68- .72
.68- .72
.68- .72
.68- .72
.68- .72
.68- .72
.68- .72
.68- .72
.68- .72
.68- .72
. 68— •72
.68- .72
.68- .72
Day of month.
1st.,
2 d ..
4th.,
5th..
7th..
8th..
9th..
10th
11th,
12th,
14th,
15th,
16th,
19th,
22d.,
25th,
26th
28th
29th,
30th,
31st.
1911
Price per
bushel.
j
Day of month.
Price per
bushel.
$1.05-11.06
1.05- 1.06
1.05- 1.06
1.05- 1.06
1.05- 1.06
1.05- 1.06
1.05- 1.06
1.05- 1.06
1.05- 1.06
1.05- 1.06
1.05- 1.06
1.05- 1.06
1.05- 1.06
1.05- 1.06
1.05- 1.06
1.05- 1.06
1.05- 1.06
1.05- 1.06
1.05- 1.06
1.05- 1.06
1.05- 1.06
1st............................
3d..............................
6th............................
7th............................
8th............................
9th............................
10th..........................
11th..........................
13th..........................
14th..........................
15th..........................
16th..........................
18th..........................
20th..........................
21st...........................
22d...........................
25th..........................
27th..........................
28th..........................
29th..........................
30th..........................
31st..........................
$0.80-40.83
.80- .85
.80- .85
.80- .85
.80- .85
.80- .85
.80- .85*
.80- .85
.80- .85.80- .85
.80- .85
.80- .85
.80- .85
'.80- .85
.80- .85
.80- .85'
.80- .85.80- .85
.80- .85
.80- .85
.80- .85
.80- .85
$0.95
.93
.93
.93
.93
.93
.93
.93
.93
.90
.90
.90
.90
.90
.90
.90
.90
.90
.90
.90
.90
3d..............................
4th............................
6th............................
7th............................
9th............................
10th..........................
11th..........................
12th..........................
14th..........................
16th..........................
18th..........................
19th..........................
20th..........................
21st..........................
24th..........................
25th..........................
27th..........................
28th..........................
30th..........................
31st..........................
$0.95
.95
.95
.9S
.95
.95'
.95*
.95>
.95.95
.95
.95
.95
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
October.
1st...
2 d ...
3 d ...
4th..
6 th ..
8th..
9 th ..
10th.
11th.
15th.
17th.
18th.
I9th.
20th.
21st..
24th.
$0.61-$0.62
. 61- . 62
.61- . 62
. 61- . 62
.61- . 62
. 61- . 62
. 61- . 62
.61- . 62
. 61- . 62
. 61- . 62
.61- . 62
. 61- . 62
.61- .62
.61- . 62
. 61- . 63
. 61- . 63
1st............................
4th............................
5th............................
7th............................
8th............................
10th..........................
11th..........................
12th..........................
16th..........................
18th..........................
19th..........................
20th..........................
21st..........................
22d...........................
24th..........................
25th..........................
26th..........................
27th..........................
28th..........................
29th..........................
31st..........................
5743°— Bull. 130—14------ 7
BULLETIN OF TH E BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS.
98
APPENDIX III.— RANGE OF CASH PRICES OF HARD WINTER WHEAT
IN KAN SAS C IT Y , M O ., ON EACH M A R K E T D AY OF MARCH AND
OCTOBER, 1906, 1910, AND 1911.
[Compiled from records of the Kansas City Board of Trade. The monthly averages sh own are simple aver
ages computed from the daily quotations.!
NO. 2 HARD WINTER WHEAT.
1911
1910
1906
Day of month.
March.
1 s t ....
2 d ....
3 d ....
4 th ....
5 th ....
6 th ...,
7 th ....
8 th ....
9 th ....
10th...
11th...
12th...
13th*..
14th...
15th..
16th..
17th..
18th..
19th..
20th..
21st...
23d..
24th..
25th..
26th.
27th.
28th.
29th..
30th.
31st..
Average___
October.
$0. 76 -40.76* $0.71 -$0.73
69*- .72
7 5 - .78
7 4 - .77
7 0 - .72
7 0 - .72
.75*- .76
6 9 - .71
6 9 - .73
.75*- .78
. 7 5 - .78
69 - .72*
.74 - .75*
69*- .72*
.7 5 - .76
69*- . 72f
.74 - .76*
69J- .71
6 9 - .72
.74*- .76*
70*- . 73
. 7 5 - .77
. 7 6 - .78
.76*- .77f
69f- .72
.76*- .78*
69*- .72
68 - .72*
.77 - .78*
691- .72*
.78 - .79*
69 - .70*
.78 - .80*
6 8 - .72
. 7 4 - .77
.74 - .78*
67*- .71
. 7 5 - .78
6 7 - .71*
.76*- .79
67*- .70
67*- .69
.75 - .77*
67*- .69*
.75*- .78
67.71*
.76*- .78
.75 - .78
68*-* *.*72*'
.75*- .78
68J- .71*
68f - .73
. 7 5 - .76
.7654
October.
March.
March.
j$1.09 -$1.12 $0.96 -$1.01
i$0.85 -$0.95
87 - .87*
! 1.10 - 1.12
86*- .86*
96 - 1.01
i 1.08 - 1.1H
87 - .95
95*- 1.00
I 1.08 - 1.10*
1.074- 1.10
95*- 1.02
97 - 1.02*
9 0 - .93
86*- .91
1.06*- 1.09
97 - 1.03
1.06 - 1.08
8 7 - .87
97 - 1.03
87*- .94
1.07 - 1.10
96*- i.02*
1.08 - 1.10
86*- .87
1.08*- 1.11
87 - .95
95£- 1.02
1.09 - 1.11
(2)
94*- 1.01
87 .93
93*- 1.01
88.88
1.08A- 1.11
8 7 - .97
93 - 1.00
1.10 - 1.11
1.10 - 1.11
87*- .93
874- -95
1.09 - 1.11*
92 - .98
1.08 - 1.09
92*- .98
1.06*- 1.11
92*- .98
87*- .92
8 6 - .95
93 - .97*
1.09 - 1.11
87 - .94
91* - .96
1.08 - 1.10
1.10 - 1.12*
87 . 87
8 6 - .93
1.11 - 1.12*
m - .95*
90
.96*
85
.93
(3)
1.10 - 1.12
91 - .95*
84*-*‘ .*92*
91 - .97
1.11 - 1.14
91 - .95*
85 - .90
1.08 h- 1.13*
834- -84
88*- .94
1.09*- 1.12
8 6 - .91
82*- .90
.94
1.10 - 1.13
.7031
93*-‘i’66*
1.0993
.9612
October.
$1.00 -11.08
1.00*- 1.08*
1.01 - 1.09
1.01 - 1.05
1.03 - 1.09
1.02*- 1.08*
1.01 1.01*1.01 (2)
1.02 1.02 -
1.07*
1.07*
1.07*
1.02 1.03 1.03*1.04 1.04 1.04*-
1.09
1.08
1.09*
1.11
1.09
1.07*
1.05 1.04*1.03*1.02*1.01*1.01 -
1.10
1.09*
1.06*
1.05
1.08
1.07
1.08
1.07*
1.00 - 1.08
1.00*- 1.07
1.0512
.8893
NO. 3 HARD WINTER WHEAT.
$0.73 -$ 0 .76* $0.67 -$0.72
$1.06 -$1.11 $0.90 -$0.5
$0 85 -$0. 8
73 - .75*
1.04 - 1.10*
67 - .72
7 3 - .74
1.06 - 1.094
68 - . 71
90 - . 98*
91 - .94
l.Oo - 1.09*
92 - .98“
86 - . 93
6 9 - .71*
72*- . 75J
1.04 - 1.08"
68 - .70
94 - 1.00*
72*.75
92 - 1.00
9 0 - .94
66 - . 71*
1.03 - 1.07
73 - .75*
87*- .91
94 - 1.00
72*.74
86*- .92
1.03 - 1.06
94*- 1.02
67 - .71
73 - .73*
68 - .70*
86 - .93
1.02 - 1.07*
72 .74
86 - .92*
68*- .70
1.05 - 1.09
95 - 1.00
68*- .72
87 - .95
1.05*- 1.09
92 - .98
72*- .74*
68|— .72
1.07 - 1.10
(2)
7 4 - .75
92*- .97
6 8 - .72
85*- .91
72 - .75
1.06*- 1.10
8 0 - .93
85*- .91*
72*- .77
9 2 - .96
68*- .71* 1.08*- 1.09
87 - .93
90 - .93
7 3 - .75
67 .71 1.07 - 1.10
7 6 - .76
86 - .93*
68.70 1.06£- 1.09
9 0 - .95
68*.70 1.05*- 1.08
88 - .93*
85 - .94
7 4 - .78
67 - . 69* 1.06 - 1.09
8 9 - .94
86 .92
66 .70
90 - .94*
77 - .77
7 2 - .76
8 6 - .92
1.06 - 1.08
8 9 - .95
72 - .75
82.92
90*- .93
65*. 70 1.08*- 1.09
73*- .75
86 .90
65 - .69* 1.08 - 1.11
64*.71 1.09 - 1.11*
8 8 - .93
84.91
75*- .75*
66.68
83*- .90
87*- .93
(3)
66 .69 1.08 - 1.11
71 - . 75*
85 .91
7 4 - .75
82*-* *.*92*
65 .70
8 9 - .95
74 - .75*
1.07 A— 1.12
85*- .94
83*- .87
7 3 - .75
65*- ’ .*70* 1.07 - 1.11
85.91
80*- .83
7 4 - .74
66 - .72* 1.05 - 1.12
85 - .91
72 - .75*
67*- .71* 1.09 - 1.12
.86*- .91*
79*- .88
1 s t...
2 d ...
3 d .. .
4 th ..
5 th ..
6th...
7th ..
8 th ..
9 th ..
10th.
11th.
12th.
13th.
14th.
15th.
16th.
17th.
18th.,
19th.,
20th.,
21st..
22d..
23d...
24th..
25th..
26th..
27th..
28th..
29th..
30th..
31st..
Average___
.7425
.6888
2 Holiday.
1.0779
.9273
$1.00*~$1.06
1.00 - 1.04
1.01 - 1.04
1.01 - 1.07
1.00*- 1,08*
1.02 - 1.04
.99 - 1.04
1.00 - 1.06
1.01 - 1.03
( 2)
1.00 - 1.07
.98 - 1.05
‘i.'oo-Tos*
1.00*1.03 1.03*1.03 1.04 -
1.04
1.07*
1.07
1.07
1.08
1.03 1.02*1.03 1.02 1.01*1.00 -
1.06*
1.06
1.07*
1.05
1.06
1.05*
.99*- 1.04
1.01 - 1.05
.8848
* Good Friday; grain market closed.
1.0344
W H E A T AND FLOUR PRICES, FROM FARMER TO CONSUMER,
99
RAN G E OF CASH PRICES OF H A R D W IN T E R W H E A T IN
KANSAS C IT Y , MO., ON EACH M A R K E T D A Y OF M ARCH AN D OCTOBER,
1906, 1910, AN D 1911— Concluded.
A p p e n d ix I I I . —
NO. 4 H A R D W IN T E R W H E A T .
1906
I
1910
1911
Day of month.
March.
1st............................ $0 664-10
2d.............................
68 3d.............................
65 4th...........................
5th...........................
6th...........................
7th...........................
8th...........................
9th...........................
10th.........................
U th .........................
12th.........................
67 64 13th.........................
14th.........................
63 72415th..........................
16th.........................
68 17th.........................
65 18th.........................
19th.........................
73*-'
742 0 t h ......................
66 21st..........................
69 22d...........................
65 23d ...........................
24th.........................
70 25th.........................
6 4 -*
26th.........................
27th.........................
61 28th.........................
69 62 29th.........................
30th.........................
65 67 31st..................
Average.......
.6856
i Holiday.
October.
10.654-S0
64465465 62 64 -
$0.85
.95
.93
1.00
.92
61 64|64 64 64 65 -
674
684
084
70
68
68
63
64
65
65
65
62
-
70*'
69
68
684
68
67
63463464 63 634-
67"
664
664
66
66
664
644-*
644-
March.
67"
674
67
.6597
.98
.97
1.00
1.00
1.05
.94
—$1
- 1
- 1
- 1
- 1
-
1
1
1
1
1
1
.95 1.00 1.03 1.00 1.03 .93^r
1
1
1
1
1
1
.91
1.00
.98
1.05
- 1
- 1
- 1
- 1
(2)
1.02 - 1
1.04
1.03
1.04
1.03
-
1
1
1
1
October.
074 $0.83 -$0
06
064
.87 05
.88 05
.874.8 8 04
.86 03
.88 04
07
.88 06
.81 06
<l)
.85 .80 064
.82 051
04
06
.85 06
.85 06
.84 .84 06
.81 .85 05|
07
.81 06
.80 07
.77 .82 09
.80 09
.80 054
08
.8 0 -
1.0232
95
95
95
96
964
964
96
97
96
93
93
93
914
90
92
92
94
91
90
92
87
90
91
88
86
.8808
March.
$0.80 -$0
.81 .84 .864-
81
834
90
89
.89 .80 .76 .88 .82 .824-
91
89
79
88
89
87
•82|.85 .83 .83|.85 .844-
90
85
90
90
854
904
.8 0 .&3 .80 .77 .81 .81 -
90
89
87
88
81
84
.75
.70
.75
.80
.75
87
87
85
844
86
-
.8399
*Good Friday; grain market closed.
October.
$0 92 -$1.00
94 - 1.004
954- 1.04
93 - 1.03
96 - 1.03
96 - 1.03
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
93 94 98 0)
92 98 -
1.01
3.024
1.01
97 97 01 02 0001 -
1.04
1.03
1.03A
1.05“
1.04
1.04
00
00
02
00
99
1 00
-
1.02
1.02
1.04
1.05
1.04
1.02*
1.01
1.034
97 - 1.02
97 - 1.02
1.0008
100
BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS.
APPENDIX IV.—WEEKLY M ARKET QUOTATIONS IN KANSAS C IT Y ,
M O ., FOR HARD W IN TE R -W H EA T FLOUR AND FOR FEED, MARCH
AND OCTOBER, 1906, 1910, AND 1911.
[Compiled from the Northwestern Miller. The monthly averages shown are simple averages computed
from the published weekly quotations.]
1906.
March.
Quotations for flour in carload and round
lots f. o. b. Kansas City, in 140-pound
jute sacks, per barrel of 196 pounds.
Day of
month.
Patent.
Straight.
6th............... f
13th...............
20th...............
27th...............
Dollars.
3.70-3.90
3.70-3.90
3.70-3.90
3.70-3.90
Dollars.
3.35-3.55
3.35-3.55
3.35-3.55
3.35-3.55
Average
3.80
3.45
Quotations to buy
ers in central
States, at Mis
souri River, in
cotton quarterbarrel sacks (48
or 49 pounds),
per barrel.
Quota
for
tions by Quotations
feed in carload
Kansas
and
round
lots
mills for
f. o. b. Kansas
straight
City, in sacks,
surplus
per 100 pounds.
or dis
tress'’
flour, net,
in jute
sacks, at
Straight. Kansas
Bran.
Shorts.
City.1
Low
grades.
High
patent.
Dollars.
2.75-3.00
2.75-3.00
2.75-3.00
2.75-3.00
Dollars.
2.00-2.25
2.00-2.25
2.00-2.25
2.00-2.25
Dollars.
3.85-4.00
3.70-3.90
3.70-3.90
3.70-3.90
Dollars.
3.65-3.80
3.50-3.70
3.50-3.70
3.50-3.70
2.88
2.13
3.83
3.63
2.00-2.25
2.00-2.25
2.00-2.25
2.00-2.25
2.00-2.25
3.40-3.50
3.40-3.50
3.40-3.50
3.40-3.50
3.40-3.50
3.20-3.30
3.20-3.30
3.20-3.30
3.20-3.30
3.20-3.30
2.13
3.45
3.25
Clear.
Dollars. Dollars. Dollars. T
3.20-3.40 0.83-0.84 0.88-0.94
3.00-3.20 .89- .85 .89- .94
3.00-3.20 .85- .86 .8 9 - . 94
3.00-3.20 .85- .87 .89- .94
3.15
.85
.91
October.
2d...................
9th.................
16th...............
23d.................
30th...............
3.15-3.35
3.15-3.35
3.15-3.35
3.15-3.35
3.15-3.35
2.95-3.10
3.00-3.15
3.00-3.15
3.00-3.15
3.00-3.15
Average
3.25
3.07
2.30-2.60
2.30-2.60
2.30-2.60
2.30-2.60
2.30-2.60
2. 45j
!
2.90-3.05 0.76-0.77 0.87-0.90
2.95-3.10
.80 .93- .96
2.95-3.10 .81- .82 .8 8 - .95
3.00-3.10
.84 .90- .95
3.00-3.10 . 82- . 83 .90- .95
3.03
.81
.92
1910.
March.
5th................. 4.65-4.85
12th............... 4.75-4.95
19th............... 4.75-4.95
26th............... 4.75-5.00
4.50-4.70
4.60-4.80
4.60-4.80
4.65-4.85
3.75-4.00
3.75-4.00
3.75-4.00
3.75-4.00
3.00-3.50
3.00-3.50
3.00-3.50
3.00-3.50
4.85-5.05
4.95-5.15
4.95-5.15
4.95-5.15
4.65-4.85
4.75-4.95
4.75-4.95
4.75-4.95
4.83
4.69
3.88
3.25
5.03
4.83
2.50-3.00
2.50-3.00
2.50-3.00
2.50-3.00
2.50-3.00
4.60-4.75
4.60-4.75
4.50-4.70
4.50-4.70
4.40-4.55
4.40-4.55
4.40-4.55
4.30-4.50
4.30-4.50
4.20-4.35
2.75
4.61
4.41
Average
4.45-4.65 1.08-1.09 1.14-1.16
4.55-4.70
1.08 1.15-1.18
4.55-4.70
1.08 1.13-1.16
4.55-4.70
1.15
1.08
4.61
1.08
1.15
October.
1st..................
8th.................
15th...............
22d.................
29th...............
4.50-4.75
4.50-4.75
4.40-4.65
4.40-4.65
4.30-4.50
Average
4.54
4.25-4.45 23.50-3.80
4.25-4.45 23.50-3.80
4.15-4.30 23.50-3.80
4.10-4.25 23.50 3.80
4.00-4.20 23.40-3.70
4.24
2 3.63
1.05
4.20-4.40 0.86-0.88
4.20-4.40 .8 4 - .85
1.05
.8
3
.84
1.05-1.12
4.15-4.30
.80 1.05-1.07
4.05-4.20
3.95-4.10 .84- .85 1.05-1.10
4.20
.84
1.06
1 “ Surplus or distress” flour is flour sold at small profit, or even at a loss, to keep a mill running or to
raise money quickly.
2 First clear.
W H E A T AND FLOUR PRICES, FROM FARMER TO CONSUMER.
101
A p p e n d ix I V . —W E E K L Y
M A R K E T QUOTATIONS IN KANSAS C IT Y , MO.,
. F O R H A R D W IN T E R -W H E A T FLO U R AND FOR FEE D , M ARCH AN D
OCTOBER, 1906, 1910, AND 1911— Concluded.
1911.
March.
j Quotations to buyj ers in central
Day of
month.
Quota
for
tions by Quotations
feed in carload
Kansas
Quotations for flour in carload and round
and round lots
lots t. o. b. Kansas City, in 140-pound
Ki\a , m mills for
f. o. b. Kansas
jutesacks.per barrel of 196 pounds.
j barrel sS
(48 straight
City, in sacks,
11surplus
1 or 49 pounds),
per
100 pounds.
or dis
per barrel.
tress ”
flour, net,
iujute
sacks, at
Low
High
Clear.
Bran.
Patent. Straight.
Straight. Kansas
Shorts.
patent.
grades.
Cifcy.i
4th.................
11th...............
18th...............
35th...............
Dollars.
4.10-4.30
4.10 4.30
4.10-4.30
4.10-4.30
Average
4.20
Dollars. Dollars.
3.80-4.00 23.00-3.25
3.80-4.00 23.00-3.25
3.80-4.00 23.00-3.25
3.80-4.00 23.00-3.25
3.90
2 3.13
Dollars.
2.25-2.75
2.25-2.75
2.25-2.75
2.25-2,75
Dollars.
4.20-4.45
4.20-4.45
4.20-4.45
4.20-4.45
Dollars.
4.00-4.25
4.00-4.25
4.00-4.25
4.00-4.25
2.50
4.33
4.13
Dollars. Dollars. Dollars.
3.80-4.00 0.97-0.99 1.00-1.05
3.80-4.00 .98-1.01 1.02-1.12
3.80-4.00 1.00-1.02 1.05-1.15
3.80-4.00 1.03-1.04j1.05-1.15
3.90
1.01
1.07
October.
7th.................
14th...............
21st................
28th...............
4.50-4.75
4.50-4.75
4.55-4.80
4.55-4.80
4.35-4.55
4.35-4.55
4.40-4.65
4.40-4.65
3.40-3.70
3.40-3.70
3.45-3.80
3.45-3.80
2.50-3.00
2.50-3.00
2.50-3.00
2.50-3.00
4.55-4.80
4.60-4.80
4.70-4.90
4.70-4.90
4.35-4.60
4.40-4.60
4.50-4.70
4.50-4.70
Average
4.65
4.49
3.59
2.75
4.74
4.54
4.15-4.35 1.08-1.10 1.28-1.30
4.25-4.45
1.08 1.25-1.30
4.35-4.55 1.08-1.10 1.30-1.35
1.11
1.35
4.35-4.50
4.37
1.09
1.31
1 “ Surplus or distress ” flour is flour sold at small profit, or even at a loss, to keep a mill running or
to raise money quickly.
2 First clear.
B ULLETIN OF TH E BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS.
102
APPENDIX V.— PURCHASE PRICE OF NO. 2 HARD WINTER WH EAT
AND SELLING PRICE OF FLOUR AND FEED ON ONE OR MORE
DAYS EACH M ONTH, JULY, 1908, TO OCTOBER, 1911—M ILL NO. 7.
[The prices for wheat are on the Kansas City basis and represent the purchases on dates nearest the 1st and
15tn of each month. The prices for flour and feed are the quoted selling prices, freight charges included,
in effect on the 1st and 15th of each month to customers in Kansas on an equal freight basis.]
1908.
Purchase price.
Selling price.
No. 2 hard
winter
wheat,
Kansas
City
Date.
$0.88
.915
.935
.935
.975
.98
C>
1.01
1.005
1.02
1.03
1.04
July
3
16
3,
20
Sept 5,
14
Oct. 1
15
Aug.
Nov. 2
Dec.
20
2
19
Date.
July
Aug.
Sept.
Oct.
Nov.
Dec.
1.
15.
1.
15.
1.
15
1
15.
1
15.
1
15
Patent
flour, in
48-pound
cotton
sacks, per
barrel.
Bran, in
jute sacks,
per 98
pounds.
$4.40
4.40
4.40
4.40
4.40
4.60
4.60
4.80
4.80
4.80
4.80
4.80
SI. 00
.95
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
.95
.95
.95
.95
$1.10
1.10
1 .10
1.10
1.15
1.15
1.15
1.20
1.15
1.15
1.15
1.15
$4.80
4.80
5.20
5.20
5.40
5.60
5.60
6.60
6.60
6.60
6.60
6.70
6.60
5.60
5.40
5.20
5.00
5.00
5.20
5.20
5.40
5.40
5.20
5.20
$0.95
1.00
1.05
1.10
1.20
1.20
1.20
1.20
3.30
1.30
1.30
1.35
1.25
1.10
1.05
.95
.95
.95
1.10
1.10
1.10
1.05
1.05
1.05
$1.15
1.15
1.20
1.25
1.30
1.35
1.30
1.30
1.40
1.40
1.40
1.45
1.35
1.20
1.15
1.05
1.05
1.05
1.20
1.20
1.20
1.15
1.15
1.15
Shorts, in
jute sacks,
per 98
pounds.
1909.
Jan.
Feb.
Mar.
Apr.
May
June
Julv
Aug.
Sept.
Oct.
Nov.
Dec.
$1.04
1.045
1.08
1.125
1.185
1.18
1.25
1.32
0)
0)
(>)
0)
1.10
1.17
1.06
1.005
1.01
1.07
1.09
1.135
1.10
1.11
1.09
1.135
1
13
1
13
4.
12,
2
14
1.
15
1,
15
6
16
2
12
1
16
4
15
1
15
30
14
1.................................
15.................................
1 ................................
15.................................
Mar. 1.................................
Jan.
Feb.
Apr.
May
June
July
Aug.
Sept.
Oct.
Nov.
Dec.
1.................................
15.................................
1.................................
15................................. !
1................................. |
15................................. !
1................................. 1
15................................. |
1................................. ;
15................................. !
1................................. S
!
1................................. 1
I
1................................. j
15................................. ;
1................................. j
15................................. !
i
i No wheat bought.
W H E A T AND FLOUR PRICES, FROM FARMER TO CONSUMER.
103
V .—PURCH ASE PR IC E OF NO. 2 H A R D W IN T E R W H E A T AND
SE LLIN G P R IC E OF FLO U R AND FEE D ON ONE OR MORE D A Y S
EACH MONTH, JU LY, 1908, TO OCTOBER, 1911—M ILL NO. 7—Concluded.
A p p e n d ix
1910.
Purchase price.
Date.
Jan.
Feb.
Mar.
Apr.
May
June
July
Aug.
Sept.
Oct.
Nov.
Dec.
4
15
1
15
1
15
4
15
3
16
1
15
1
15
1
15
1
17
1
17
1
15
2
16
Selling price.
No. 2 hard
winter
’'wheat,
Kansas
City
basis.
$1.125
1.135
1.13
1.135
1.135
1.14
1.15
1.14
1.14
1.15
1.04
.97
.98
1.07
.99
1.02
1.01
1.00
.995
.975
.945
.99
.975
.955
Date.
Jan.
Feb.
Mar.
Apr.
May
June
July
Aug.
Sept.
Oct.
Nov.
Dec.
1
15
1
15
1
15
1
15
*1
15
1.
15
1.
15
1.
15
1.
15.
1.
15
1.
15
1.
15,
Patent
flour, in
48-pound
cotton
sacks, per
barrel.
Bran, in
jute sacks,
per 98
pounds.
$5.40
5.40
5.20
5.20
5.40
5.20
5.40
5.40
5.20
5.20
5.20
5.00
5.00
5.20
5.20
5.00
5.00
5.00
5.00
5.00
4.80
4.80
4.90
4.80
$1.10
1.10
1.15
1.15
1.15
1.15
1.15
1.15
1.15
1.15
.95
.95
.90
1.00
1.00
1.00
.95
.95
.95
.95
.95
.95
1.00
1.05
$1.20
1.20
1.25
1.25
1.25
1.25
1.25
1.25
1.25
1.25
1.15
1.15
1.10
1.15
1.20
1.25
1.20
1.20
1.15
1.15
1.15
1.15
1.20
1.25
$4.80
4.80
4.80
4.60
4.60
4.60
4.60
4.40
4.60
4.60
4.60
4.60
4.60
4.40
4.40
4.60
4.60
4.60
5.20
5.20
$1.05
1.05
1.05
1.05
1.00
1.00
1.05
1.10
1.15
1.10
1.05
1.05
1.05
1.10
1.05
1.10
1.10
1.10
1.10
1.15
SI. 25
1.25
1.25
1.25
Shorts, in
jute sacks,
per 98
pounds.
1911.
Jan.
Feb.
Mar.
Apr.
May
June
Julv
Aug.
Sept.
Oct.
5
17
4
15
4
15
3
15
1
18
1
16
5
17
1
15.
4
13
3
18
$1.00
1.02
.975
.93
.96
.935
.8775
.935
.92
.925
.925
.89
.895
.855
.905
.94
.95
.965
1.075
1.095
Jan.
1.................................
Feb.
1.................................
Liar.
1.................................
Apr.
1.................................
May
1.................................
15.................................
1.................................
15.................................
July 1.................................
15.................................
Aug. 1.................................
15.................................
Sept. 1.................................
June
Oct.
1.................................
15................................
1.20
1.20
1.20
1.20
1.25
1.25
1.20
1.15
1.15
1.25
1.25
1.30
1.30
1.25
1.30
1.35
BULLETIN
104
OF THE BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS.
APPENDIX VI.— PURCHASE PRICE OF NO. 2 HARD WINTER WHEAT
AND SELLING PRICE OF FLOUR AND FEED ON ONE OR MORE DAYS
EACH M ONTH, JANUARY, 1907, TO OCTOBER, 1911—M ILL NO. 8.
[Prices of wheat, flour, and feed are on Kansas City basis.]
1907.
Selling price.
Purchase price.
Date.
Jan.
Feb.
Mar.
Apr.
May
June
July
Aug.
Sept.
No. 2
hard winter
wheat.
Patent
flour (in
48-pound
cotton
sacks), per
barrel.
SO. 685
.715
.695
.71
.78
.99
.855
.865
.91
.93
1.05
.965
.95
.9425
$3.70
3.70
3.65
3.70
4.05
5.20
4.60
4.60
4.80
4.90
5.40
5.20
5.10*
5.00
$0.86
.91
.89
.86
.85
.99
.83
.88
1.09
1.12
1.14
.92
.93
1.01
$0.96
.96
.94
.91
. 95
1.09
.93
1.03
1.19
1.22
1.24
1.02
1.03
1.11
$1.01
.98
1.00
.975
. 945
1.00
.98
.90
.92
.93
.965
.99
1.02
1.035
$5.10
5.00
5.10
5.00
4.90
5.20
5.10
5.00
5.00
5.00
5.00
5.20
5.30
5.30
$1.03
1.03
1.07
1.12
1.09
1.11
1.09
1.05
1.00
.96
.97
.93
.95
.95
$1.08
1.08
1.12
1.17
1.14
1.21
1.14
1.15
1.10
1.06
1.17
1.13
1.15
1.15
$1,035
1.07
1.16
1.23
1.235
1.37
1.445
1.19
1.06
1.04
1.01
1.06
1.0S
1.075
1.11
$5.40
5.40
5.80
6.20
6.80
6.60
6.80
6.00
5.90
5.70
5.30
5.50
5.60
5.60
5.80
$1.00
1.08
1.16
1.16
1.30
1.30
1.30
1.20
.98
.96
.92
1.01
1.04
.96
1.04
$1.20
1.28
1.26
1.26
1.40
1.40
1.40
1.30
1.08
1.06
1.02
1.11
1.14
1.06
1.14
3 ...................................................................................
2...................................................................................
4...................................................................................
1...................................................................................
3..................................................................................
5...................................................................................
IS...................................................................................
3...................................................................................
16...................................................................................
Oct. 16...................................................................................
Nov. 19...................................................................................
Dec. 2...................................................................................
14...................................................................................
Bran,
per 100
pounds.
Shorts,
per 100
pounds.
1908.
Jan. 10.
Feb. 25
Mar. 3,
21
Apr. 14
May 2
27
June
July
Aug.
Sept.
Nov.
Dec.
24
21
4
12
9
14
1909.
Jan. 18...................................................................................
Feb. 8...................................................................................
Mar. 20...................................................................................
Apr. 2...................................................................................
31...................................................................................
May 25 .................................................................................
June 31...................................................................................
July 1...................................................................................
29...................................................................................
Auer. 2...................................................................................
Sept. 10...................................................................................
Oct. 6..................................................................................
22...................................................................................
Dec. 4...................................................................................
27...................................................................................
W H EA T AND FLOUR PRICES, FROM FARMER TO CONSUMER.
105
PURCHASE PR IC E OF NO. 2 H A R D W IN T E R W H E A T AND
SELLIN G PR IC E OF FLO U R AN D FEED ON ONE O R M ORE D AYS EACH
MONTH, JA N U A RY, 1907, TO OCTOBER, 1911— M ILL NO. 8— Concluded.
A p p e n d ix V I . —
1910.
Selling price.
Purchase price.
Date.
Jan.
Feb.
Mar.
Apr.
May
June
July
Aug.
Sept.
Oct.
Nov.
Dec.
No. 2
hard winter
wheat.
Patent
flour (in
48-pound
cotton
sacks), per
barrel.
$1.13
1.11
1.11
1.09
1.115
1.03
.95
.975
.995
.995
.945
.95
.955
.93
$5.80
5.50
5.50
5.50
5.60
5.40
5.40
5.40
5.30
5.00
5.00
4.90
4.90
4.80
$1.08
1.12
1.08
1.08
1.05
.95
.82
.95
.92
.90
.85
.92
.94
.98
$1.18
1.22
1.18
1.23
1.25
1.15
.97
1.10
1.07
1.10
1.05
1.17
1.19
1.18
$0.98
.89
.895
.92
.91
.865
.875
.865
.925
.955
1.05
1.055
1.075
$5.00
4.70
4.60
4.80
4.80
4.70
4.70
4.60
4.90
4.90
5.40
5.40
5.50
$1.00
1.04
1.07
1.08
1.03
1.00
1.03
1.10
1.02
1.07
1.07
1.09
1.11
$1.15
1.12
1.12
1.13
1.08
1.05
1.10
1.15
1.12
1.17
1.22
1.24
1.26
5...................................................................................
10...................................................................................
28...................................................................................
18................................................................ - ................
10...................................................................................
8...................................................................................
2..................................................................................
2...................................................................................
31...................................................................................
21..................................................................................
22..................................................................................
16...................................................................................
2..................................................................................
15...................................................................................
Bran,
per 100
pounds.
Shorts,
per 100
pounds.
1911.
Jan.
Mar.
Apr.
May
June
July
Aug.
Sept.
Oct.
12...................................................................................
29...................................................................................
14...................................................................................
12............................................................................... .
6...................................................................................
28..................................................................................
6...................................................................................
21...................................................................................
16...................................................................................
21i.................................................................................
5...................................................................................
16...................................................................................
23..................................................................................
1Contract date, confirmed Sept. 22.
BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS.
106
APPENDIX V II.— PURCHASE PRICE OF HARD WINTER WHEAT AND
SELLING PRICE OF PATENT FLOUR ON ONE OR MORE DA YS EACH
MONTH, 1905, AND JANUARY TO OCTOBER, 1911—M ILL NO, 9.
[Prices are shown on the nearest dates on which comparative purchases of wheat and sales of patent
flour were made. The grade of the wheat, and in some cases the weight, is shown in connection with the
price.]
1905.
Purchase price.
Selling price.
Ilard winter wheat, Kansas City
basis.
I
Date.
Grade.
Jan.
Feb.
Mar.
Apr.
May
June
July
Aug.
Sept.
Oct.
Nov.
Bee.
2.
16.
4.
13.
15.
1.
17.
9.
16.
5.
13.
8.
12.
2.
18
7.
19
4,
14.
2.
18
5
12
Date.
Test
weight,
Price per
pounds per bushel (60
measured
pounds).
bushel.
$1,083
1.087
1.106
1.097
1.017
1.0475
1.027
.927
1.015
1.040
.977
.913
.910
.810
.780
.780
.802
.810
.802
.832
.825
.840
.815
58*
Jan.
Patent
flour, in
48-pound
cotton
sacks, de
livered,
per barrel.
5.
17.
1.
11.
15.
4.
15.
4.
16.
1.
10.
8.
18.
3.
24.
7.
18.
4.
14.
2.
22.
6.
15.
$5.00
5.00
5.00
5.00
5.00
5.00
5.00
4.50
4.80
5.00
4.90
5.20
5.20
4.60
4.20
4.20
4.30
4.40
4.20
4.00
4.20
4.10
4.00
2.
14.
2.
15.
Mar. 2.
31.
Apr. 15.
May 1.
15.
June 1.
17.
July 6.
14.
Aug. 2.
16.
Sept. 1.
15.
Oct. 3.
14.
$4.80
4.80
4.70
4.70
4.50
4.40
4. 40
4.40
4.40
4.40
4.40
4.30
4.30
4.40
4.60
4.50
4.50
4.90
5.00
Feb.
Mar.
Apr.
May
June
Julv
Aug.
Sept.
Oct.
j Nov.
!
} Dec.
I
1911.
Jan.
3.
17.
3.
18.
Mar. 6.
Apr. 1.
Feb
May
June
July
Aug.
Sept.
Oct.
3'
19.
1.
20.
5.
13.
1,
17
3.
15
2
14
58
60
58
60*
57*
|
|
1
|
j
*59*’ |
60
62
61
60
58* j
’ *59*’ j
59 ;
59* i
58* ;
$0.96
.985
.945
.90
.945
.8725
.930
.025
.920
.900
.910
.895
. 875
.900
.930
.920
.960
1.055
1.075
Jan.
Feb.
NT> FLOUR PRICES, FROM FARMER TO CONSUMER.
107
.—RETAIL PRICES OF HARD WINTER-WHEAT FLOUR
^TATIVE MARKETS IN KANSAS, MISSOURI, IOWA,
5, MARCH AND OCTOBER, 1906, 1910, AND 1911.
[Thesi
4 ci1
avo;
;he records of 41 retail merchants located in 6 cities in Kansas, 3 cities in Missouri,
4 cities in Illinois. Cities, firms, and brands are indicated by number in order to
KANSAS.
Price.
Lo
cality
num
ber.
1
1
2
3
4
4
5
5
Month and year.
Per barrel
(in wood).
March, 1906...
October, 1906.,
March, 1910...
October, 1910..
March, 1911....
October, 1911..
March, 1906....
October, 1906..
March, 1910...,
October, 1910..
March, 1911...,
October, 1911..
March, 1906—
October, 1906..
March, 1910...,
October, 1910.,
March, 1911...,
October, 1911..
March, 1906....
October, 1906.
March, 1910....
October, 1910..
March, 1911....
October, 1911..
March, 1906__
October, 1906..
March, 1910___
October, 1910..
March, 1911....
October, 1911..
March, 1906....
October, 1906..
March, 1910....
October, 1910..
March, 1911___
October, 1911..
March, 1906___
October, 1906..
March, 1910___
October, 1910..
March, 1911....
October, 1911..
March, 1906___
October, 1906..
March, 1910___
October, 1910..
March, 1911....
October, 1911..
6
March, 1906....
October, 1906..
March, 1910....
October, 1910..
March, 1911....
Per 98pound
sack.
Per 48pound
sack.
Per 24pound
sack.
$1.25
1.15
1.60
1.50
1.50
1.50
1.20
1.10
1.50
1.40
1.30
1.40
1.15
1.05
1.10
1.55
1.45
1.40
1.45
1.55
1.10
1.00
1.40
1.40
1.40
1.45
1.10
1.00
1.45
1.40
1.30
1.35
1.40
1.15
1.05
1.40
1.35
1.30
1.35
1.40
1.15
1.00
1.60
1.50
1.45
1.45
1.45
1.15
1.00
1.50
1.45
1.35
1.35
1.35
1.25
1.35
1.10
1.15
1.65
1.50
1.55
1.45
g month.
tor Oct. 5, but retail price was advanced with advance in wholesale market,
month.
>ur brands,
of four brands.
$0.60
.55
.70
.70
.65
.70
108
BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS.
VIII.—RETAIL PRICES OF HARD WINTER-WHEAT FLOUR IN
REPRESENTATIVE MARKETS IN KANSAS, MISSOURI, IOWA, AND
ILLINOIS, MARCH AND OCTOBER, 1906, 1910, AND 1911—Continued.
A p p e n d ix
K A N S A S —Concluded.
Price.
Month and year.
Per barrel
(in wood).
Per 98pound
sack.
Per 48pound
sack.
Per 24pound
October, 1911..
March, 1906....
October, 1906..
March, 1910....
October, 1910..
March, 1911....
October, 1911.
March, 1906__
October, 1906..
1.55
March, 1910...
October, 1910..
March, 1911...
October, 1911..
(0
$0.70
.90
.85
.85
.80
.85
.65
.65
.60
.85
.85
.75
.80
.85
MISSOURI.
10
11
8
8
12
8
13
8
March, 1906...
October, 1906..
March, 1910...
October, 1910..
March, 1911...
October, 1911.
March, 1906...
October, 1906.
March, 1910...
October, 19 L0.
March, 1911...
October, 1911.
March, 1906...
October, 1906.
March, 1910...
October, 1910.
March, 1911...
October, 1911.
March, 1906...
October, 1906.
(7)
2.00
March, 1910...
2.90
October, 1910,
2.75
2.65
2.50
2.50
3.00
2.40
2.25
2.10
1.90
2.75
2.75
2.50
2.50
2.70
March, 1911...
October, 1911.
13
9
March, 1906...
October, 1906.
14
8
March, 1910...
October, 1910.
March, 1911...
October, 1911.
March, 1906...
October, 1906.
1 Prices are for four brands.
2 Range of prices of four brands.
3Advance during month.
4 No record.
e$2.35
62.30
6 2.10
(4)
62.95
63.00
62.90
«2.70
62.95
6$1.20
61. 15 }
61.05
(4)
61.50
6 1.55
61.50
61.38
61.50
1.15
1.05
. 1.50
1.45
1.45
1.45
(7)
1.00
1.10
1.45
1.45
1.40
1.35
1.25
1.25
1.50
1.20
1.15
1.05
1.00
1.40
1.40
«1.30
1.35
1.15
1.05
5 Decline during month.
* From advertisements in papers.
7 Not earned by grocer on this date.
• Normal price; no record of sale.
6$0.60
6.55
(4)
6.75
6.80
6.75
6.70
6.75
.70
.80
.80
.80
.80
.60
.55
.75
.75
.75
.75
(7)
.50
8.55
.75
.75
.70
.75
.70
.75
.60
.60
.50
.75
8.7o
.70
.70
W H E A T AND FLOUR PRICES, FROM FARMER TO CONSUMER.
109
VIII.—RETAIL PRICES OF HARD WINTER-WHEAT FLOUR IN
REPRESENTATIVE MARKETS IN KANSAS, MISSOURI, IOWA, A N D
ILLINOIS, MARCH AND OCTOBER, 1906, 1910, AND 1911—Continued.
A p p e n d ix
M ISSOURI—Continued.
Price.
Lo
Firm
cality num
num
ber.
ber.
Brand
num
ber.
Month and year.
Per barrel
(in wood).
Per 98pound
sack.
March, 1910...
October, 1910.
March, 1911...
October, 1911.
March, 1906...
October, 1906.
March, 1910...
October, 1910.
March, 1911...
October, 1911.
March, 1906...
October, 1906.
March, 1910...
October, 1911.
March, 1911...
14
•K
October, 1911.
10
16
16
16
12
17
18
March, 1906...
October, 1S06.
March, 1910...
October, 1910.
March, 1911...
October, 1911.
March, 1906...
October, 1906.
March, 1910...
October,.1910.
March, 1911...
October, 1911.
March, 1906...
October, 1906.
March, 1910...
October. 1910.
March, 1911...
October, 1911.
March, 1906...
October, 1906.
March, 1910...
October, 1910.
March, 1911...
October, 1911.
March, 1906...
October, 1906.
March, 1910...
October, 1910.
March, 1911...
October, 1911.
March, 1906...
October, 1906.
March, 1910...
October, 1910.
March, 1911...
19
15
March, 1906...
October, 1906.
March, 1910...
October, 1910.
March, 1911...
October, 1911.
March, 1906...
October, 1906.
March, 1910...
October, 1910.
1 Advance during month.
2 No record.
a No record; sold at $1.65 in November, 1910.
$1.50
1.45
1.40
1.40
1.45
1.15
1.05
1.55
1.50
1.45
1.50
1.20
1.10
1.50
1.50
1.40
1.40
1.50
1.15
1.10
1.60
1.50
1.50
1.50
(2)
1.20
1.25
(2)
(3)
1.65
1.70
Per 24pound
sack.
$0.75
.75
.70
.70
.75
.60
.55
.80
.75
.75
.75
.60
-.55
.75
.75
.70
.70
.75
.60
.55
.80
.75
.75
.75
.65
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
1.25
1.20
1.55
1.45
1.45
1.45
(2)
*$2.00
<2.90
<2.80
<2.60
(2)
(2)
41.00
41.45
41.40
4 1.30
(2)
1.20
1.10
1.50
1.45
1.40
1.35
1.50
1.55
October, 1911.
19
Per 48pound
sack.
4 2.00
(*)
4 2.65
4 2.65
4 2.55
(2)
(2)
(2)
4 2.35
4 2.35
(2)
4 2.95
4 2.95
4 From advertisements in papers.
&Decline during month.
.85
.85
.65
.60
.75
.75
(2)
(2)
4.50
4.75
4.70
4.65
(2)
.55
.75
.75
.70
.75
.80
BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS.
110
V III, — RETAIL PRICES OF HARD WINTER-WHEAT FLOUR IN
REPRESENTATIVE MARKETS IN KANSAS, MISSOURI, IOWA, AND
ILLINOIS, MARCH AND OCTOBER, 1906, 1910, AND 1911—Continued.
A p p e n d ix
M IS S O U R I—Concluded.
Price.
Lo
Firm
cality
num num
ber.
ber.
Brand
num
ber.
15
16
20
17
12
17
12
23
18
Month and year.
Per barrel
(in wood).
Per 98pound
sack.
Per 48pound
sack.
j
i
i
2 $2.75
2 2.55
2 2.65
2 2.45
March, 1911___
October, 1911..
March, 1906....
October, 1906 .
March, 1910 . . .
October, 1910..
March, 1911....
(3)
2 3.15
2 3.15
2 2.85
2 2.65
2 2.85
October, 1911..
March, 1906....
October, 1906..
March, 1910....
October, 1910..
March, 1911....
October, 1911..
March, 1906___
October, 1906..
March, 1910....
October, 1910..
March, 1911___
October, 1911.
March, 1906....
October, 1906..
March, 1910...
October, 1910.
March, 1911...
October, 1911.
March, 1906__
October, 1906.
March, 1910...
October, 1910.
(3)
$1.15 !
1.60 j
1.50 !
1.50
1.50
1.55
1.25
1.15
1.50
1.45
1.40
1.45
1.20
1.10
1.60
1.45
1.40
1.35
1.60
1.25
1.15
1.60
1.50
1.45
1.45
1.40
1.45
March, 1911...
October, 1911.
March, i906__
October, 1906.
March, 1910...
October, 1910.
March, 1911...
October, 1911.
March, 1906...
October, 1906.
1.20
1.10
1.55
1.50
1.40
1.50
.00
1.60
1.70
1. GO
1.50
1.40
1.50
March, 1910...
October. 1910.
March, 1911...
October, 1911.
IOWA.
10
25
19
10
26
3
March, 1906...................................
October, 1906................................
March, 1910...................................
October, 1910................................
March, 1911...................................
October, 1911................................
March, 1906...................................
October, 1906................................
March, 1910...................................
October, 1910................................
March, 1911...................................
October, 1911................................
1 Decline during month.
2 From advertisements in paper.
3 No record.
Per 24pound
sack.
$1.35
1.15
1.60
1.60
1.40
1.50
<3)
1.25
1.65
1.65
1.50
1.60
4 Advance during month.
&Not carried by grocer on this date.
$0.60
.80
.75
.75
.75
,.80
.65
.60
.75
.75
.70
.75
. 60
.55
.80
.75
.70
.80
.65
.60
.80
.75
.70
.75
.65
.60
.80
.80
.75
.80
W H E A T AND FLOUR PBICES, FROM FARMER
TO
CONSUMER.
Ill
V I I I .— R E T A IL PRICES OF H A R D W IN T E R -W H E A T FL O U R IN
R E P R E S E N T A T IV E M ARK ETS IN K ANSAS. M ISSOU RI, IO W A, AND
ILLIN O IS, M ARCH AN D OCTOBER, 1906, 1910, AND 1911— Continued.
A p p e n d ix
IO W A —Concluded.
Lo
cality
num
ber.
Price.
Firm
num
ber.
Brand
num
ber.
27
20
28
21
Month and year.
March, 1906...
October, 1906.
March, 1910...
October, 1910.
March, 1911...
October, 1911.
March, 1906...
October, 1906.
March, 1910...
October, 1910.
March, 1911...
October, 1911.
22
12
12
30
12
30
12
31
12
22
22
31
13
32
23
13
33
(6)
March, 1906...
October, 1906.
March, 1910...
October, 1910.
March, 1911...
October, 1911.
March, 1906...
October, 1906.
March, 1910...
October, 1910.
March, 1911...
October, 1911.
March, 1906...
October, 1906.
March, 1910...
October, 1910.
March, 1911...
October, 1911.
March, 1906...
October, 1906.
March, 1910...
October, 1910.
March, 1911...
October, 1911.
March, 1906...
October, 1906.,
March, 1910...
October, 1910.
March, 1911___
October, 1911..
March, 1906___
October, 1906..
March, 1910...
October, 1910..
March, 1911....
October, 1911.,
March, 1906....
October, 1906.,
March, 1910....
October, 1910..
March, 1911....
34
24
October, 1911.
March, 1906...
October, 1906.
March, 1910...
October, 1910.
March, 1911...
October, 1911.,
iNo record.
2Decline during month.
3Advance during month.
Per barrel
(in wood).
Per 98pound
sack.
Per 48pound
sack.
Per 24pound
sack.
0)
$1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
(l )
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
(4)
$ 1.
51.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
0)
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
(*)
4 Not carried by grocer on this date.
» Price Nov. 2; no record of sale for October.
6A different brand each year, but all patents of about same quality.
BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS.
112
VIII.—RETAIL PRICES OF HARD WINTER-WHEAT FLOUR IN
REPRESENTATIVE MARKETS IN KANSAS, MISSOURI, IOWA, AND
ILLINOIS, MARCH AND OCTOBER, 1006, 1910, AND 1911—Concluded.
A p p e n d ix
ILLINOIS.
Price.
Lo
Firm
cality num
num
ber.
ber.
14
Brand
num
ber.
Month and year.
Per barrel
(in wood).
March, 1906___
35
October, 1906..
March, 1910....
October, 19i€..
March, 1911....
October, 1911..
36
15
16
26
37
627
38
728
39
29
30
17
41
March, 1906___
October, 1906..
March, 1910___
October, 1910..
March, 1911....
October, 1911..
March, 1906....
October, 1906..
March, 1910....
October, 1910..
March, 1911___
October, 1911..
March, 1906...
October, 1906..
March, 1910....
October, 1910..
March, 1911...
October, 1911.
March, 1906...
October, 1906..
March, 1910...
October, 1910.
March, 1911...
October, 1911.
March, 1906...
October, 1906.
March, 1910...
October, 1910.
March, 1911...
October, 1911.
March, 1906...
October, 1906.
March, 1910...
October, 1910.
March, 1911...
October, 1911.
1Advance during month.
2 From advertisements in papers.
3Decline during month.
1From circular price list.
2 $4.70
24 . 8O
2 4.50
2 4.75
2 6.30
2 6.40
2 6.50
2 6.25
2 5.85
2 5.38
4 5.60
4 6.30
Per 98pound
sack.
$2.35
2.40
2.25
2.38
3.10
3.20
3.25
3.15
2.95
2.09
2. /o
3.15
42.25
j
Per 49pound
sack.
Per 24^pound
sack.
$1.18
1.20
1.13
1.19
1.58
1.60
1.63
1.58
1.48
1.45
1.38
1.58
$0.59
.60
.57
.60
.79
.80
.82
.79
.74
.79
4.56
4.57
4.54
4.72
4.73
4.65
4.65
4.C9
(5)
4 2.83
4 2.85
42.50
4 2.50
4 2.75
1.40
1.30
1.60
1.60
1.50
1.55
1.20
1.15
1.50
1.50
1.25
1.35
1.20
1.15
1.10
1.55
1.50
1.35
1.40
1.35
1.30
1.30
1.70
1.70
1.60
1.65
1.50
1.30
1.40
1.70
1.75
.75
.70
.85
.85
.90
.85
(5)
i.eo
(5)
(»)
*No record.
•Private brand bought from various Kansas mills.
7A different brand of like quality in March, 1906.
@FedFRASER