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Wages and Related Benefits







Wages and Related Benefits




M e t r o p o lit a n A re a s , U n ite d
and

0

S ta te s

R e g io n a l S u m m a rie s, 1 9 6 0 -6 1

O ccupational Earnings
Levels and Trends
W age Dispersions
In terarea Com parisons

0

Labor-M anagem ent A greem ent Coverage

S

Supplem entary Practices

B u lletin

N o . 1285-84

August 1962

UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF LABOR
Arthur J. Goldberg, S ecretary
BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS
Ewan Clague, Commissioner

F o r s a l e b y th e S u p e r in te n d e n t of D o c u m e n t s , U .S . G o v e r n m e n t P rin tin g O f f i c e , W a s h i n g t o n 2 5 , D .C .

P r ic e 4 0 c e n ts




Preface

Contents

The C om m u nity W age Su rvey P r o g r a m

P age

The B u reau o f L a b or S ta tistics now con d u cts a r e a ­
w ide w age s u r v e y s in 82 la b o r m a rk e ts annually.
The
stu d ies p r o v id e data on o c cu p a tio n a l ea rn in g s and re la te d
su p p lem en ta ry b e n e fits .
A p r e lim in a r y r e p o r t fu rn ish in g
tren d data and o c cu p a tio n a l a v e r a g e earn in g s (m ea n , m e ­
dian, and m id d le ran ge) is r e le a s e d w ithin a m onth o f
the c o m p le tio n o f e a ch a r e a study.
T h is is fo llo w e d within
2 m onths
by an a re a bu lletin that p r o v id e s ad d ition a l
data n ot in clu d ed in the e a r lie r r e p o r t . T h ese data in clu d e:

I n t r o d u c t io n ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------In d u stria l c o m p o s i t i o n ------------------------------------------------------------------------------

F o r each o ccu p a tio n —e m p loy m en t and a v e ra g e
e a rn in g s, a rea w id e and by s e le c t e d in d u s tr y -g r o u p
and d is tr ib u tio n s o f w o r k e r s b y ea rn in g s in te r v a ls .

W age d is p e r s io n w ithin la b o r m a r k e ts :
I n t r o d u c t io n -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Range o f a r e a in d ex es -----------------------------------------------------------------------------R e g io n a l a v e r a g e s -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------Index ch a n g es, 1954 to 1961 -------------------------------------------------------------------

18

W age d iffe r e n c e s am ong la b o r m a rk e ts :
I n t r o d u c t io n -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------M ethod o f com pu tin g a r e a pay r e la t iv e s ----------------------------------------------In te ra re a c o m p a r is o n s -----------------------------------------------------------------------------A ll in d u str ie s (co m b in e d ) -----------------------------------------------------------------L a b o r-m a n a g e m e n t a g r e e m e n t c o v e r a g e ---------------------------------------In dustry d iv is io n s -------------------------------------------------------------------------------In tr a -a r e a d iffe r e n c e s ------------------------------------------------------------------------------

23
23
23
23
27
27
28

F o r ea ch r e la te d " f r in g e " b e n e fit and su p p le ­
m e n ta ry w age p r a c t ic e studied— s e le c t iv e d i s t r i ­
bu tion s o f fr e q u e n c y o f the p r a c t ic e and s e r v ic e
r e q u ire m e n ts (w h e re p ertin en t), by a re a w id e and
in d u s tr y -g r o u p p r o p o r t io n s o f o ffic e and plant
w o r k e r s to w hom the b e n e f i t or p r a c t ic e is
a p p lic a b le .
A s c o p e table— show ing the n u m ber o f e s ta b ­
lis h m e n ts in s c o p e o f the su rv ey , the n um ber stud­
ied , and c o r r e s p o n d in g o ffic e and plant w o rk e r
em p loym en t, in the a r e a and in d u stry g rou p s,
as defin ed .
A n e a r lie r c o n s o lid a te d b u lle tin s u m m a r iz e d the
r e s u lts o f the in d iv id u al a r e a b u lle tin s fo r the s u rv e y s
m a de du ring the p e r io d July I960 to June 1961. A lis t o f
the b u lletin s fo r the a r e a s su rv ey ed a p p e a rs on the la s t
page o f this bu lletin .
T h is b u lletin p r e s e n ts in fo rm a tio n on occu p a tio n a l
ea rn in g s, e m p lo y e r p r a c t ic e s , and su p p lem en ta ry w age
b e n e fits fo r a ll m e tro p o lita n a r e a s co m b in e d and se p a r a te ly
by in d u stry d iv is io n and by r e g io n .
A ls o p r o v id e d a r e
a n a ly s e s o f w age tre n d s, w age d is p e r s io n , in te r c ity pay
d iffe r e n c e s , and la b o r -m a n a g e m e n t a g r e e m e n t c o v e r a g e .
T h is r e p o r t w as p r e p a r e d by A le x a n d e r N. J a r r e ll
and T o iv o P. K anninen o f the B u rea u 1 s D iv isio n o f W ages
and In d u stria l R e la tio n s . A r e a stu d ies w e r e s u p e r v is e d by
the B u rea u ’ s A s s is ta n t R e g io n a l D ir e c t o r s fo r W ages and
In d u stria l R e la tio n s .




O ccu p a tion a l e a rn in g s:
In trod u ction ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------P ay le v e ls , 1961 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------O ffic e occu p a tio n s ------------------------------------------------------------------------------P r o fe s s io n a l and te c h n ic a l occu p a tio n s ------------------------------------------P lant o c c u p a t io n s ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------

T ren d s o f o ccu p a tio n a l ea rn in g s, 1953—61:
I n t r o d u c t io n -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------M ovem en t o f w a g es, 1960—61 -----------------------------------------------------------------M ovem en t o f w a g es, 1953—61 -----------------------------------------------------------------C o v e ra g e and m eth od o f com pu tin g w age t r e n d s ---------------------------------L im ita tio n s o f the data ---------------------------------------------------------------------------L a b o r-m a n a g e m e n t a g r e e m e n t c o v e r a g e :
In trod u ction ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------L im ita tio n s o f the data ---------------------------------------------------------------------------N ation al and r e g io n a l e s tim a te s -----------------------------------------------------------V a ria tio n by s iz e o f e s t a b lis h m e n t -------------------------------------------------------V a ria tion by s iz e of com m u n ity -------------------------------------------------------------V a ria tio n am ong 80 a r e a s ---------------------------------------------------------------------E s ta b lish m en t p r a c t ic e s and su p p lem en ta ry w age p r o v is io n s :
Sch eduled w ork w eek s ------------------------------------------------------------------------------L a t e -s h ift o p e r a tio n s and pay p r o v is io n s in m a n u factu rin g -------------P a id h olid a y s -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------P a id v a c a tio n s ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Health, in su ra n ce , and p e n sio n plans ---------------------------------------------------

1 1 1

i
1

3
3
3
4
4

17
17
17

31
31

31
32
32

41

41
41
42
43
43

45

45
45
46

46

Contents— Continued

C on ten ts^ C on tin u ed
Page

Chart:
R ela tion sh ip o f a r e a pay in d ex es fo r u n sk illed plant
w o r k e r s to a r e a p e r c e n ta g e o f plan t w o r k e r s c o v e r e d
b y la b o r -m a n a g e m e n t a g r e e m e n ts -------------------------------------

P ag e
T a b le s — Continued

26
A.

T a b le s :
W age d is p e r s io n w ith in la b o r m a rk e ts :
1. D is p e r s io n o f r a te s w ithin o ccu p a tio n s --------------------2. D is p e r s io n o f r a te s w ithin occu p a tio n s
3.

19

C hanges in in d ex es o f d i s p e r s i o n -------------------------------

21

W age d iffe r e n c e s am ong la b o r m a r k e ts :
4. In te r a r e a pa y c o m p a r is o n s ------------------------------------------

29

T re n d s o f o c cu p a tio n a l e a r n in g s:
5. P e r c e n t in c r e a s e s , o ffic e and plant— a ll in d u str ie s
and m a n u fa ctu rin g ----a ll m e tr o p o lita n a r e a s ---------6.
P e r c e n t ch a n g es, o ffic e and plan t— a ll in d u str ie s
and m a n u fa ctu rin g ----60 la b o r m a rk e ts ------------------7. W age in d e x e s, o ffic e and plant— a ll in d u str ie s
and m a n u fa ctu rin g -----------------------------------------------------L a b o r -m a n a g e m e n t a g r e e m e n t c o v e r a g e :
8.
L a b o r-m a n a g e m e n t a g r e e m e n t c o v e r a g e by
in d u stry d iv is io n and r e g io n -------------------------------9. L a b o r-m a n a g e m e n t a g r e e m e n t c o v e r a g e in n on ­
m a n u fa ctu rin g by in d u stry d iv is io n and r e g i o n ----10. L a b o r-m a n a g e m e n t a g r e e m e n t c o v e r a g e by
s iz e o f e sta b lis h m e n t -------------------------------------------------




B.
34
34
36

O ccu p a tion a l e a rn in g s:
A - 1. O ffic e occu p a tio n s b y r e g io n ------------------------------A - 2. P la n t occu p a tio n s by r e g io n -------------------------------A - 3. O ffic e occu p a tio n s by in d u stry d iv is io n ------------A -4 .
P la n t occu p a tio n s by in d u stry d i v i s i o n ---------------A - 5. O ffic e o ccu p a tio n s by in d u stry d iv is io n
and r e g io n -----------------------------------------------------------A -6 .
P la n t o c cu p a tio n s by in d u stry d iv is io n
and r e g io n ------------------------------------------------------------

5
9
13
14
15
16

E s ta b lis h m e n t p r a c t ic e s and su p p lem en ta ry
w age p r o v is io n s :
B - l . S ch eduled w eek ly h ou rs ----------------------------------------B -2 . Shift d iffe r e n t ia ls ---------------------------------------------------B -3 . P a id h o lid a y s ---------------------------------------------------------B -4 . P a id v a c a tio n s --------------------------------------------------------B -5 . H ealth, in su r a n ce , and p e n sio n p la n s ------------------

48
49
50
51
52

A p p e n d ix e s :
A . S cop e and m eth od of su rv e y --------------------------------------------B. M an ufacturin g em p loy m en t -------------------------------------------C. O ccu p a tion a l d e s c r ip tio n s ------------------------------------------------

53
57
59

44
44
44

W a g e s

an d

R e la te d

B e n e fits ,

M e tr o p o lita n

A rea s,

U n ite d

S ta te s

an d

R e g io n a l

S u m m a r ie s ,

1 9 6 0 — 61

Introduction

a co m b in e d p opu la tion o f n e a r ly 110 m illio n in I960, o r about th r e e fifth s o f the N ation ’ s tota l.

The B u reau o f L a b o r S ta tistics con d u cted su r v e y s o f o c c u ­
pa tion al ea rn in g s and r e la te d p r a c t ic e s in 80 m e tro p o lita n a r e a s b e ­
tw een July I960 and June 1961. 1 T h e se stu d ies w e r e p a rt o f a p r o ­
g ra m d e s ig n e d to a llow p re se n ta tio n o f data fo r ea ch o f the p a rticu la r
a r e a s and a ls o to p e r m it the p r o je c t io n o f data to a ll 188 Standard
M e tro p o lita n S ta tistic a l A r e a s in the U nited States, ex clu d in g A la sk a
and H aw aii, as e s ta b lis h e d by the B u reau o f the B u dget through 1959. 2
In oth er w o r d s , the 80 a r e a s r e p r e s e n t a sa m p le o f a il 188 a r e a s .

A s in d ica ted la te r in the bu lletin , p a r t ic u la r ly in the a n a ly s is
o f w age d iffe r e n c e s am ong la b o r m a rk e ts , d iffe r e n c e s in pay le v e ls
am ong g e o g r a p h ic a re a s a r e in flu en ced by a v a r ie ty o f fa c t o r s in clu d ­
ing v a r ia tio n in in d u stria l c o m p o s itio n .
In form a tion on the d is trib u tio n o f em p loy m en t am ong the in ­
du stry g rou p s w ithin s c o p e o f the B u rea u ’ s su r v e y in m e tro p o lita n
a r e a s m a y thus con trib u te to an u n derstan din g o f the v a r ie ty o f e s t i­
m a tes p r e s e n te d in th is r e p o r t .
B e c a u s e o f d iffe r e n c e s in o c c u p a ­
tion a l re q u ire m e n ts am ong in d u s tr ie s , in div idu al in du stry g rou p s did
not n e c e s s a r ily c on trib u te to the o c cu p a tio n a l em p loy m en t e stim a te s
(and to ea rn in g s) in the sa m e ra tio as total em p loy m en t in the in d u s­
tr y grou p to tota l e m p loy m en t in a ll in d u strie s stud ied. T o illu s tr a t e :
The fin a n ce, in s u r a n ce , and r e a l esta te in d u str ie s a cco u n te d fo r le s s
than o n e-ten th o f the tota l em p loy m en t, but fu lly a fou rth o f the n on s u p e r v is o r y o ffic e w o r k e r s in the study.

O ccu p a tion s c o m m o n to a v a r ie ty o f m a n u fa ctu rin g and n on ­
m a n u factu rin g in d u str ie s w e r e stu d ied on a com m u n ity w id e b a s is in
the s e le c t e d a r e a s .
E a rn in gs data a r e p r o v id e d fo r the fo llo w in g
types o f o c c u p a tio n s :
(a) O ffic e c l e r i c a l ; (b) p r o fe s s io n a l and t e c h ­
n ic a l; (c) m a in ten an ce and p ow erp la n t; and (d) cu s to d ia l and m a te r ia l
m o v e m e n t. Data w e re a ls o c o lle c t e d and s u m m a r iz e d on sh ift o p e r a ­
tion s and d iffe r e n t ia ls , w e e k ly w o rk s c h e d u le s, and su p p lem en ta ry
w age b e n e fits, su ch as paid v a ca tio n s and paid h o lid a y s .
A r e a data
a r e p r e s e n te d in d e ta il in the in div idu al a r e a b u lle tin s. 3
T h is annual r e p o r t is the se c o n d o f tw o su m m a ry b u lle tin s.
The f i r s t su m m a ry , W ages and R ela ted B e n e fits, 82 L a b o r M a r k e t s ,
1960—61 (B u lletin 1 2 8 5 -8 3 ), in c o r p o r a t e d data fo r each o f the 82 a r e a s
s u r v e y e d .4 T h is r e p o r t is c o n c e r n e d w ith data fo r a ll m e tro p o lita n
a r e a s c o m b in e d ; data a re p r e s e n te d on o c cu p a tio n a l e a rn in g s, w age
d is p e r s io n s ,
in te r c ity d iffe r e n c e s in w a g e s, w age tre n d s, la b o r m a n a gem en t a g r e e m e n ts , w o rk s c h e d u le s, and m a jo r su p p lem en ta ry
w age b e n e fits.

The p e r ce n ta g e d is trib u tio n o f tota l em p loy m en t w ithin s c o p e
o f the su r v e y p r o g r a m is shown b elow by in d u stry d iv is io n and r e g io n . 5

A ll
m etropolitan
areas
Northeast
T o ta l

In d u stria l C o m p o sitio n
The e s tim a te s r e la tin g to o c cu p a tio n a l e a rn in g s, e m p lo y e r
p r a c t ic e s , and su p p lem en ta ry w age b e n e fits in u rban e m p loy m en t p r e ­
sen ted in this b u lletin a r e c o m p o s ite s r e p re s e n tin g about 5 9 ,0 0 0 e s ­
ta b lish m en ts em p lo y in g n e a rly 16 m illio n w o r k e r s w ith in s c o p e o f the
s u rv e y p r o g r a m . The 188 Standard M e tro p o lita n S ta tistic a l A r e a s had

North
C entral

W est

--------------- — ---------

100

100

100

100

100

Manufacturing — - --------Public utilities 1 — ............
W h olesale trade — ...........
R eta il trade --------- ............
Finance2 ---------------- ...........
S e r v ic e s ------------------ ...........

56
13
5
13
7
6

57
12
5
11
9
6

48
15
6
18
7
6

62
12
5
11
6
4

47
16
7
13
9
8

1 Transportation, com m u nication, and other public u tilities.
2 Finance, insurance, and real estate.

1
The p r o g r a m a ls o c o v e r s two n o n m e tro p o lita n a r e a s (B o is e ,
Idaho and B u rlin gton , Vt. ). D ata fo r th ese two a r e a s a r e not in clu d ed
in this bu lletin .
2
F o r a d e ta ile d d e s c r ip tio n o f the s c o p e and m eth od o f su rv e y ,
see appendix A.
3
See lis tin g o f a r e a bu lletin s on in sid e b a ck c o v e r .
4
Data fo r a r e a s s u r v e y e d in 1959—60 a re s u m m a r iz e d in B u l­
letin 1 2 65 -62.
5
F o r d efin ition o f r e g io n s , s e e footn ote 2, table A - l .




South

N ation w ide, 56 p e r c e n t o f the tota l em p loy m en t w as in m a n u ­
fa c tu r in g ; by r e g io n , the e s tim a te s ra n ged fr o m 47 p e r c e n t in the W est
and 48 p e r c e n t in the South to 62 p e r c e n t in the h igh ly in d u s tr ia liz e d
N orth C e n tra l r e g io n . R e ta il tra d e a cco u n te d fo r p r o p o rtio n a te ly m o r e
w o r k e r s in the South than in oth er r e g io n s . In the W est, a ll e x ce p t
r e ta il trad e am ong the n on m an u fa ctu rin g in d u strie s a ccou n ted fo r a
la r g e r p r o p o r t io n o f the r e g io n a l em p lo y m e n t than is in d ica ted in the
nationw ide d is tr ib u tio n .
I

2

The in d u stry m ix w ith in m a n u fa ctu rin g in m e tr o p o lita n a r e a s
is p r e se n te d in the p e r ce n ta g e d is tr ib u tio n tabu lation b e lo w .

Industry g rou p s w h ich a c c o u n te d fo r 8 o r m o r e p e r c e n t o f
m a n u fa ctu rin g e m p loy m en t w ithin the s c o p e o f the s u r v e y s , lis te d in
o r d e r o f im p o rta n ce w e r e : N o rth e a s t— e le c t r ic a l m a ch in e ry , p r im a r y
m e ta ls , m a ch in e ry , and a p p a r e l; South— fo o d , tra n sp o rta tio n e q u ip ­




m en t, te x tile s , and p r im a r y m e t a ls ; N orth C en tral— tr a n sp o rta tio n
equ ipm en t, m a c h in e r y , fo o d , e le c t r ic a l m a ch in e ry , fa b r ic a te d m e ta ls ,
and p r im a r y m e t a ls ; and W est— tr a n sp o rta tio n equipm ent, e le c t r ic a l
m a ch in e ry , fo o d , and m a c h in e r y .6

6
The m o s t im p orta n t m a n u fa ctu rin g in d u stries w ith in ea ch a r e a
s u r v e y e d a r e show n in ap pen dix B .

A ll
North

m etropolitan
Industry group

T otals

---------------------- ---------------------------------------

areas

Northeast

South

Central

W est

1 0 0 .0

1 0 0 .0

1 0 0 .0

1 0 0 .0

1 0 0 .0

1 2 .1

--------------------------

1 0 .0

7 .8

1 3 .8

9 .8

----------------------------------

3 ,6

5 .3

9 .4

.5

.2

Apparel and other finished te x tile products

5 .0

8 .2

6 .2

2 .0

2 .8

Paper and a llied p ro d u c ts-----------------------------

3 .8

4 .3

4 .8

3 .0

3 .0

Printing, publishing, and allied industries

5.

4

6 .0

4 .9

5 .0

5 .3

C h e m ic a ls and allied products

Food and kindred products
T e x tile m ill products

--------------------

4 .5

4 .7

7 .8

3 .5

2 .7

Rubber and plastics products

----------------------

3 .0

3 .1

1 .0

4 .0

2 .1

Leather and leather products

--------------- - - - •

2. 1

4 .4

.5

1 .0

.4

----------------------------

8 .5

9 .4

8 .5

8 .2

6 .8
6 .3

Primary m e ta l industries

7 .4

7 .0

6 .5

8 .5

-------------------

1 0 .9

9 .3

4 .6

1 6 .2

8 .0

------------------------------------

9 .9

1 1 .5

4 .9

9 .7

1 2 .8

Fabricated m e ta l p r o d u c ts ---------------------------M achinery (excep t electrical)
E lectrical machinery

----------------------------

1 2 .8

5 .2

11. 1

1 9 .2

1 8 .6

Other manufacturing in d u str ie s----------- --------

13. 1

1 3 .8

1 6 .0

9 .4

1 8 .9

Transportation equipm ent

Occupational Earnings

In trod u ction

C u stod ia l pay w as g e n e r a lly h ig h est in m a n u fa ctu rin g , w h e re a s
the h ig h est a v e ra g e h o u rly ea rn in g s fo r tr u c k d r iv e r s and m a te r ia l
handling la b o r e r s w e r e found in pu b lic u tilitie s .
A m on g the sk ille d
m a in ten an ce tr a d e s , h ig h e st a v e r a g e s fo r c a r p e n te r s and p a in ters w e re
r e c o r d e d in r e ta il tra d e and fo r e le c t r ic ia n s in fin a n ce .
The g rea t
m a jo r ity o f the m a in ten an ce and t o o lr o o m w o r k e r s , h o w e v e r, w e r e
e m p lo y e d in m a n u fa ctu rin g , thus lim itin g in te r d iv is io n a l c o m p a r is o n s .

In th is study, o c cu p a tio n a l ea rn in g s data a r e p r e s e n te d fo r
a ll in d u strie s (w ithin s c o p e o f the su rv e y ) in a ll m e tr o p o lita n a r e a s
co m b in e d , fo r the U nited States and fo r fo u r b r o a d r e g io n s , and s e p ­
a r a te ly fo r e a ch o f s ix m a jo r in d u stry d iv is io n s in F e b r u a r y I960 and
January 1 9 6 1 .7
(See ta b le s A - l —A -6 , in c lu s iv e .) D ata fo r F e b r u a r y
I960 a r e p r e s e n te d fo r the r e c o r d on ly and d is c u s s io n w ill be lim ite d
to the Janu ary 1961 data.

R e g io n a l pay le v e ls fo r th ree jo b g rou p in gs a r e e x p r e s s e d as
p e r ce n ta g e s o f n ation a l pay le v e ls in the tabu lation b e l o w :9

T he n ation w ide a v e r a g e s a r e c o m p o s ite s o f v a ry in g pay le v e ls
am ong la b o r m a r k e ts , in d u s tr ie s , and e s ta b lis h m e n ts .
The ta b les
w h ich p r e s e n t o c cu p a tio n a l ea rn in g s by in d u stry d iv is io n and by r e ­
gion p r o v id e so m e in sigh t as to d iffe r e n c e s in pay le v e ls am ong th ese
b r o a d g ro u p in g s . T h e se d iffe r e n c e s w ou ld, o f c o u r s e , be m u ch g re a te r
if c o m p a r is o n s w e r e m a de am ong la b o r m a rk e ts o r am ong the in ­
divid u al in d u str ie s w h ich c o m p r is e the b r o a d e r g rou p in gs o r if the
c o m p a r is o n s w e r e m a de b etw een esta b lis h m e n ts o r in d iv id u al w o r k ­
e r s 1 e a r n in g s.

Percent of nationwide averages

O ffic e
clerical

Skilled
m aintenance

Unskilled
plant

99
92

96
96

101
78

North Central ------------------- ............

103

104

108

W est

106

105

111

Northeast

--------------------------- ...........
----------------------------------...........

South

In g e n e r a l, a v e r a g e ea rn in g s o f plant and o ffic e w o r k e r s
ten ded to be h ig h e r in m an u factu rin g than in the tota l n on m a n u fa c­
tu rin g g rou p and u su a lly h ig h er in the w e s te r n r e g io n than in the
oth er th ree r e g io n s . A s w as n oted a b o v e , h o w e v e r, ea ch o f the g r o u p ­
in gs in clu d es a v a r ie ty o f la b o r m a r k e ts , in d u s tr ie s , and e s t a b lis h ­
m en ts w ith w ide d iffe r e n c e s in pay le v e ls .

.......................................................

P a y le v e ls w e r e h ig h e st in the W est fo r each o f the jo b g ro u p s;
the lo w e s t pay le v e l f o r o ffic e c l e r i c a l and u n sk illed plant o ccu p a tio n s
w as r e c o r d e d in the South, w h e r e a s s k ille d m a in ten a n ce w o r k e r s in
both the N orth ea st and South a v e r a g e d 96 p e r c e n t o f the n ational pay
le v e l. The h ig h est r e g io n a l a v e r a g e e x c e e d e d the lo w e s t r e g io n a l a v ­
e r a g e by 15 p e r c e n t fo r o ffic e w o r k e r s , 9 p e r c e n t fo r sk ille d m a in te ­
n an ce w o r k e r s , and 42 p e r c e n t fo r u n s k ille d plant w o r k e r s .

In te r m s o f pay le v e ls , o ffic e c l e r i c a l jo b a v e r a g e s in u rban
a r e a s w e r e g e n e r a lly h ig h e st in p u b lic u tilitie s and next h ig h e st in
m a n u fa ctu rin g am on g the s ix in d u stry d iv is io n s in clu d ed in the s u r ­
vey program .
P ay le v e ls fo r o ffic e c l e r i c a l w o r k e r s in ea ch o f the
s ix in d u stry d iv is io n s a r e e x p r e s s e d as a p e r ce n ta g e o f n ation a l pay
le v e ls in the fo llo w in g ta b u la tio n .8

P ay L e v e ls ,
Public u t i l i t i e s ---------------------------

108

S e r v i c e s ------------------------------

97

M anufacturing

--------------------------

106

Finance

91

W h olesale t r a d e -------------------------

101

R e ta il trade — ------------------

------------------------------

O ffic e O c c u p a tio n s . N ation w ide, a ll-in d u s tr y a v e ra g e w eek ly
s a la r ie s fo r the o ffic e jo b s stu d ied ra n ged fr o m $ 106 fo r m en
ta b u la tin g -m a ch in e o p e r a t o r s (c la s s A) to $ 5 6 .5 0 fo r w om en file c le r k s
(c la s s B) and $5 7 fo r o ffic e g ir ls (table A - l ) .
N ationw ide a v e r a g e s
fo r the th ree n u m e r ic a lly m o s t im p orta n t w o m e n 1s jo b s w e r e as f o l ­
lo w s : S e c r e t a r ie s , $ 9 0 .5 0 ; ste n o g r a p h e rs , g e n e r a l, $ 7 6 ; and c la s s B
ty p is ts , $ 6 1 .5 0 (table A - l ) .
S e c r e t a r ie s and s te n o g r a p h e rs w e r e
h ig h e st paid in p u b lic u tilitie s , w ith a v e r a g e s o f $ 9 6 .5 0 and $ 8 1 ,

89

7
A v e ra g e m on th s o f r e fe r e n c e . The a v e r a g e s a r e c o m p o s ite s o f
data c o lle c t e d du ring the f i s c a l y e a r s ending June 30, I960, and June 30,
1 9 6 1 , and th ese
m on th s s e r v e as an a v e r a g e o f the p e r io d to w h ich the
data r e fe r .
8
B a sed on a g g r e g a te s obtain ed by m u ltip ly in g n ation a l and in d u s­
tr y d iv is io n a v e r a g e s fo r 17 o ffic e jo b s by the n ationw ide em p loy m en t
in each jo b .




1961

9
B a se d on a g g re g a te s obtain ed by m u ltip ly in g n ation a l and r e ­
g ion a l a v e r a g e s fo r 17 o ffic e jo b s , 8 s k ille d m a in ten an ce jo b s , and
2 u n s k ille d plant jo b s by n ationw ide (1 8 8 -a r e a ) em p loy m en t in ea ch jo b .

3

4

r e s p e c t iv e ly ; ty p is ts (c la s s B) a v e r a g e d $ 6 6 .5 0 a w eek in m a n u fa c ­
tu ring— 50 cen ts m o r e than in p u b lic u tilitie s (table A - 3). P a y le v e ls
fo r s e c r e t a r ie s and s te n o g r a p h e rs in w h o le s a le tra d e and s e r v ic e s w e r e
s e v e r a l d o lla r s b e lo w th ose in p u b lic u tilitie s and m a n u fa ctu rin g , but
sig n ific a n tly a b ove s a la r ie s paid in fin a n ce and r e ta il tr a d e . It sh ou ld
be n oted that the lo w e r w eek ly s a la r y le v e l in the fin a n ce d iv is io n w as
p a rtly o ffs e t by s h o r te r w e e k ly w o r k sc h e d u le s .
In dividu al e m p lo y e e s a la r ie s w e re w id e ly d is p e r s e d w ithin
ea ch jo b and in d u stry d iv is io n . On an a ll-in d u s tr y b a s is , 11 p e r c e n t
o f the s e c r e t a r ie s e a rn ed le s s than $ 7 0 a w eek and 6 p e r c e n t ea rn ed
$120 or m o re .
O ffic e girls* w e e k ly s a la r ie s ran ged fr o m le s s than
$ 4 0 to about $ 1 1 0 . D iffe r e n c e s in pay le v e ls am on g and w ithin la b o r
m a r k e ts , in d u s tr ie s , and e s ta b lis h m e n ts a r e r e fle c t e d in th ese c o m ­
p o s ite s a la ry d is tr ib u tio n s .
A ll-in d u s tr y a v e r a g e s fo r m en e x c e e d e d th ose fo r w om en in
each o f the jo b s fo r w h ich data a r e show n fo r both s e x e s . A s a la r y
advantage fo r m en w as found in ea ch r e g io n and, e x ce p t fo r the o ffic e
b oy , o ffic e g ir l, and d u p lic a tin g -m a c h in e o p e r a to r c o m p a r is o n s , w ithin
each in d u stry d iv is io n .
The g r e a te s t d iffe r e n c e b etw een m e n 's and w om en *s ea rn in g s
in the sa m e jo b c a te g o r y w as fo r o r d e r c le r k s . M en in th is jo b a v ­
e r a g e d $ 9 6 .5 0 , c o m p a r e d w ith $ 6 9 .5 0 fo r w om en (ta ble A - l ) . T h e se
a v e r a g e s , o f c o u r s e , do not r e p r e s e n t a c o m p a r is o n o f ea rn in g s in
id e n tica l e s ta b lis h m e n ts . 10
P r o fe s s io n a l and T e c h n ic a l O c c u p a tio n s . A m on g p r o fe s s io n a l
and te c h n ic a l o c cu p a tio n s stu d ied, d r a fts m e n le a d e r s , on a n ationw ide
b a s is , a v e r a g e d $ 1 5 0 a w e e k ; s e n io r d ra fts m e n , $ 1 2 2 ; and ju n io r
d r a fts m e n , $ 9 3 .5 0 (ta ble A - l ) .
H ig h est e a rn in g s fo r th ese w o r k e r s
w e r e r e p o r t e d in the s e r v ic e s in d u stry g rou p . In th is g rou p , d r a ft s ­
m en a r e g e n e r a lly found in e sta b lis h m e n ts p e r fo r m in g en g in e e rin g and
a r c h it e c t u r a l s e r v ic e s , d ra ftin g s e r v ic e s , o r in la b o r a to r ie s en ga ged
in r e s e a r c h , d ev elop m en t, and te s tin g .

W om en in d u stria l n u r se s (r e g is te r e d ) a v e r a g e d $96 a w eek,
an a v e r a g e id e n tica l w ith that fo r the h ig h e st paid w o m e n 's o ffic e jo b
(c la s s A ta b u la tin g -m a ch in e o p e r a t o r ) stu d ied.

P lant O c c u p a tio n s .
T o o l and d ie m a k e r s , the h ig h e st paid
sk ille d w o r k e r s studied, had a v e r a g e h o u r ly ea rn in g s o f $ 3. 16 (ta ble
A -2 ).
T h e ir a v e r a g e ea rn in g s ra n ged b y r e g io n fr o m $ 2 .9 9 in the
South to $ 3 .2 6 in the N orth C e n tra l r e g io n . N ation w ide, h o u rly a v ­
e r a g e s fo r the fo llo w in g tr a d e s w e r e g rou p ed at $ 2 . 9 7 - $ 3 . 0 1 , in ­
c lu s iv e ; E le c t r ic ia n s , m a c h in is ts , m a c h in e -t o o l o p e r a t o r s (to o lr o o m ),
m illw r ig h ts , p ip e fitte r s , and s h e e t-m e ta l w o r k e r s . P ip e fitte r s w e r e
the on ly s k ille d tra d e g rou p fo r w h ich pay le v e ls w e r e h ig h e st in the
South; th eir a v e r a g e ea rn in g s ra n ged fr o m $ 2 .8 5 in the N orth ea st to
$ 3 . 15 in the South.
On a n ationw ide b a s is , c a r p e n t e r s and m e c h a n ic s (m a ch in e
r e p a ir m e n ) a v e r a g e d $ 2 .7 9 and $ 2 .8 1 , r e s p e c t iv e ly , and auto m e ­
c h a n ics and p a in ters a v e r a g e d $ 2 .6 9 and $ 2 .7 3 . A m on g in d u stry d i­
v is io n s , the h ig h e st a v e r a g e pay fo r c a r p e n te r s w as in r e ta il trad e
( $ 3 .0 4 ) ; fo r m e c h a n ic s , in p u b lic u tilitie s ( $ 2 .9 3 ) ; fo r e le c t r ic ia n s ,
in fin a n ce ( $ 3 .1 0 ) ; and fo r p a in te rs , in r e ta il tra d e ( $ 2 .8 5 ) . E a r n ­
in gs fo r a ll fo u r o c cu p a tio n s w e r e lo w e s t in s e r v ic e s w h e re c a r p e n ­
te r s r e c e iv e d $ 2 .5 2 ; e le c t r ic ia n s ,
$ 2 .7 0 ; m e c h a n ic s , $ 2 .3 6 ; and
p a in te rs , $ 2 .2 3 (table A -4 ).
A m on g c u s to d ia l and m a te r ia l m o v e m e n t o ccu p a tio n s studied,
the n u m e r ic a lly m o s t im p orta n t w o r k e r s in the grou p , m a te r ia l h a n ­
dlin g la b o r e r s , a v e r a g e d $ 2 . 10 (ta ble A -2 ). W ithin the in d u stry g rou p s
stud ied, a v e r a g e ea rn in g s o f la b o r e r s ran ged fr o m $ 1 .7 0 in s e r v ic e s to
$ 2 .3 8 in p u b lic u tilitie s and by r e g io n fr o m $ 1 .6 5 in the South to
$ 2 .3 3 in the W est. The n ext m o s t im p orta n t jo b s n u m e r ic a lly , w e r e
th ose o f t r u c k d r iv e r s and ja n ito r s (m en ); th ese w o r k e r s n ationw ide a v ­
e r a g e d $ 2 .4 7 and $ 1 .7 6 , r e s p e c t iv e ly .
A v e ra g e h o u r ly ea rn in g s o f
ja n ito r s ra n ged fr o m $ 1 .3 5 in the South to $ 1 .9 4 in the W est and
fr o m $ 1 .3 4 in r e ta il tra d e to $ 1 .9 7 in m a n u fa ctu rin g fir m s .

10
F o r an a n a ly s is o f fa c t o r s con trib u tin g to d iffe r e n c e s in e a r n ­
in gs o f m en and w om en in the sa m e jo b s , s e e B u lletin 12 4 0 -2 2 , W ages
fr o m
and R e la te d B e n e fits . 20 L a b o r M a r k e ts, 1958—5 9 . pp. 37—45.




W om en ja n ito r s a v e r a g e d $1.47 an h o u r; th eir ea rn in g s ran ged
$ 1 .0 4 in the South to $ 1 .6 9 in the W est.

5
A :

O c c u p a tio n a l

E a r n in g s

Table A-l. Office Occupations by Region
(A v e r a g e w eekly earn ings 1 for se le c te d occupations in all m e trop olitan a r e a s by regio n , 2 January 1961 3)

Sex, occu pation , and region

N um ber of w o r k e r s rec eiv in g s tr a ig h t-tim e w eekly earn ings of
N u m ber A v e r a g e A v e r a g e
w eekly
of
w eekly
Under $ 4 0 .0 0 $ 5 0 .0 0 $ 6 0 .0 0 $ 7 0 .0 0 $ 8 0 .0 0 $ 9 0 .0 0 $ 1 0 0 .0 0 $ 1 10 .0 0 $ 1 2 0 .0 0 $ 1 30 .0 0 $ 1 4 0 .0 0 $ 1 5 0 .0 0 $ 1 6 0 .0 0 $ 1 7 0 .0 0 $ 1 8 0 .0 0 $ 1 9 0 .0 0 $2 09 .0 0
w o r k e r s h ours 1 ea rn ings1
and
4 0 . 00 $ 5 0 .0 0 $ 6 0 .0 0 $ 7 0 .0 0 $ 8 0 .0 0 $ 9 0 .0 0 $1 0 0 .0 0 $ 1 1 0 .0 0 $1 2 0 .0 0 $ 1 3 0 .0 0 $ 1 40 .0 0 $ 1 5 0 .0 0 $ 1 6 0 .0 0 $ 1 7 0 .0 0 $1 8 0 .0 0 $ 1 9 0 .0 0 $ 2 0 0 .0 0 over

O ffic e c le r ic a l
Men
C le r k s, accou ntin g, c la s s A ------------------~
N orth east ................................................ .............
South
_____ _______ _____________ _____ _____
North C en tral ..................................................—
W e st ....................................... ............- .................—

2 8 ,9 3 4
9, 220
6, 271
1 0 ,3 8 6
3, 057

39.
38.
39.
39.
39.

2
1
7
6
8

$105.
103.
101.
109.
104.

00
00
50
00
00

-

-

66
39
26
1
-

697
325
287
73
12

1 ,7 6 1
711
595
347
108

3, 886
1 ,4 9 6
934
1, 120
336

5, 357
1, 541
1 ,2 5 0
1 ,6 9 5
871

6, 273
2, 037
1 ,2 1 8
2, 244
774

4 , 644
1, 355
710
2, 072
507

2, 918
690
584
1 ,4 0 0
244

1 ,9 0 5
557
341
847
160

918
257
154
477
30

302
86
147
61
8

90
45
15
25
5

68
37
10
21
-

C le r k s , accounting, c la s s B --------- -------N orth east - ................ ...................- ____ _______
South ______ ______ _____ ________ ____ ______
North C e n t r a l ...... ...................- --------------- -—
W e st ------------ ---------------------------- ------------ -------

1 5 ,8 7 5
5, 937
3, 557
5, 106
1, 275

39.
38.
39.
39.
39.

1
1
9
6
7

84.
84.
81.
87.
87.

50
00
50
00
50

.
-

84
51
26
7
-

1 ,0 6 0
521
355
165
19

2, 402
1 ,0 1 3
691
572
126

2, 926
1 ,0 5 5
669
951
251

3, 020
950
627
1 ,0 5 8
385

3, 027
1 ,0 4 5
536
1, 238
208

2, 047
694
447
719
187

936
470
98
296
72

257
98
74
78
7

87
22
25
20
20

26
16
9
1
-

3
2
_
1
-

_
_
_

_
.

_
_
_
_

_
_
_

-

-

-

-

C le r k s, ord er ________________________________
N orth east ..............................................................
South ------ ----------------------------- ---------------------North C en tral .....................................................
W e st -------------------------- ----------------------------------

1 9 ,9 4 3
5. 864
3, 075
7 , 096
3, 908

39.
39.
40 .
39.
40 .

8
3
1
9
0

96 .
96.
81.
101.
100.

50
50
00
00
00

_
-

76
14
44
18
-

510
111
302
78
19

1 ,4 1 1
471
598
212
130

2, 432
972
638
531
291

3, 204
1 ,0 2 8
609
1, 038
529

3 ,9 5 1
997
37 5
1, 560
1 ,0 1 9

3, 566
708
255
1 ,5 5 0
1 ,0 5 3

1 ,8 9 4
488
113
959
334

1 ,4 8 1
445
81
566
389

619
206
39
301
73

371
177
8
145
41

250
120
4
112
14

105
84
9
7
5

57
33
_
13
11

13
7
_

C le r k s , p a y r o l l -------------------- ------------------------N orth east _______ __________________________
South _______________________________________
North C en tral ......................................................
W e st ........... ..............................................................

6, 374
2, 217
1 ,2 6 4
2, 127
766

39.
38.
39.
39.
39.

5
8
9
9
9

98. 00
95 . 00
93. 00
100. 00
1 0 4 .0 0

2
2
-

18
17
1
-

321
132
132
52
5

664
244
152
214
54

1, 135
496
157
306
176

1 ,0 4 5
344
223
328
150

1, 317
342
268
593
114

731
209
101
333
88

474
128
72
186
88

362
168
82
47
65

95
29
15
41
10

14
7
_
2
5

14
_

-

181
101
58
22
-

1
3
10

D u p licatin g-m ac h in e o p e ra to rs
(M im eograp h or D i t t o ) ---------------- ----------- —
N o r t h e a s t ................................................................
South -------------------------- --------------------------------North C en tral ......... - ...................- ...................W e st .........................................................................

1, 118
409
270
286
153

38.
38.
39.
39.
39.

8
0
5
1
4

68.
70.
63.
68.
75.

50
00
50
50
50

5
5
_
-

76
14
49
13
-

266
112
73
75
6

235
74
46
80
35

271
102
64
47
58

123
20
18
51
34

124
78
12
17
17

17
4
8
2
3

1
.
_
1
-

_
_
.
-

_
_
_
-

_
_
_
_

_
_
_
_
-

O ffic e boys ................................................— ............
N orth east ---------------- --------------— --------------South
-------------------------------------------------------North C en tral - ........... - ...................... —........ —
W e st ................................ .........................................

2 1 ,7 5 8
10, 580
3 ,4 0 1
5, 447
2 , 330

38.
36.
39.
39.
39.

1
9
4
0
1

59.
57.
55.
62.
65.

00
50
00
00
00

74
59
14
1
-

4, 594
2 , 243
1 ,2 7 6
918
157

8, 309
4 , 603
1 ,2 7 8
1 ,7 4 9
679

5, 035
2, 376
405
1 ,4 2 4
830

1 ,9 0 1
681
146
688
386

1 ,4 1 9
404
255
542
218

335
160
20
113
42

53
21
7
12
13

38
33
_
_
5

_
_
_
_
-

_
_
.

_
_

-

_
_
.
_
-

_
_
_
_
-

_
-

_
_
_
_
-

T ab u latin g-m ach in e o p e ra to rs,
c la s s A — ........— ------------ -----------------------------N orth east
-------------------- ------------ —..........—
South - .................... - ............- -------- ----------- -------North C en tral ........— ................. .......... ........ —
W e s t . . . ......................................................................

8 , 990
2, 967
1 ,5 1 3
3, 279
1 ,2 3 1

39.
38.
39.
39.
39.

1
2
5
5
7

106. 00
100. 00
1 0 4 .0 0
110. 50
110. 00

-

1
1
-

13
1
12
-

106
91
15
-

414
289
67
51
7

1 ,0 7 5
614
206
226
29

1 ,6 8 0
626
356
519
179

2 , 045
427
334
814
470

1, 728
357
284
785
302

1, 122
321
80
569
152

563
163
99
219
82

152
46
40
58
8

76
26
18
30
2

T a b u la tin g -m a ch in e o p e ra to rs,
c la s s B ............................... ................................—
N ortheast ...................... .......................................
South ....................... ........... ....................—........ .
North C en tral — ........... ........... ........ ............—
W e st ..........................................................................

1 5 ,6 5 3
5, 142
2, 622
5, 267
2, 622

38.
37.
39.
39.
39.

9
9
4
4
5

90.
87.
85.
92 .
96.

00
00
50
00
00

-

7
5
2
-

298
148
104
40
6

1, 134
479
373
251
31

2 ,4 4 9
1, 018
521
768
142

3, 799
1 ,4 4 0
614
1 ,2 4 5
500

3, 961
1, 061
492
1 ,4 0 3
1, 005

2, 569
613
323
944
689

1, 028
255
102
492
179

361
116
72
110
63

41
12
14
11
4

6
_
2
1
3

610
085
186
592
747

38.
37.
39.
39.
39.

6
5
2
4
6

74 .
70 .
69.
79.
82.

00
00
00
00
50

-

175
74
87
14
-

1 ,0 7 1
681
263
118
9

1 ,9 0 5
912
355
546
92

1 ,8 7 2
707
211
795
159

1 ,5 1 1
443
131
645
292

658
169
69
256
164

394
98
66
203
27

23
1
4
14
4

1
_
_
1
-

_
_
_
-

_
_
_

1 3 , 111
4 , 500
2, 423
4 , 635
1, 553

39.
38.
39.
39.
39.

1
0
8
6
8

68.
67.
61.
69 .
74.

00
00
50
50
50

41
2
30
9
"

1 ,0 6 8
429
355
268
16

2, 835
1 ,0 4 4
823
800
168

3, 752
1, 165
699
1, 375
513

2, 520
899
278
1 ,0 1 7
326

1 ,7 8 0
670
101
671
338

859
225
95
409
130

214
49
34
86
45

21
3
6
_
12

21
14
2
_
5

_

_

_
_
_

_
_

-

-

T ab u latin g-m ach in e o p e r a to r s,
c la s s C ....................................—...............................
N ortheast
-----------------------------------------------South _______________________________________
North C e n t r a l .... ............. - ...........................—
W est ..........................................................................

7,
3,
1,
2,

W om en
B i lle r s , m achine (billing m achine) ______
N orth east ......................................................... .
South _______________________________________
North C en tral —..................................................
W e st ..........................................................................

See footnotes at end of table.




-

_

_

33
30
_
3
-

12
11
_
_
1

_

_

4
3
_
_
1

_
_
_
_
3
3
_
_

6
-

_
_
_
-

1
_
_
_

_
_
_

_
_
_

_

1

-

-

-

_
_

_
_

_
.

_
_

_

_

_

_
_
_
.

_
_
_
_

-

-

_
_
_
_
-

_
-

10
3
_
7
-

2
_
1
1
-

3
3
.
_
-

>
.
_

_
_
_
_

-

-

_
_
_

_
.
_

_
_
_

_
_
_

_
_
_

-

-

_
_
_
-

-

-

-

-

_
_
.
-

_
_
_
_

_
_

_
_

_

_

_
_
_

-

_
-

-

-

_

_

_

_

_
_
.

_

_

_

_

_
_

_
_

-

-

-

-

_
.
-

_
_
_

_

_

_

_

_

_

_

_

_
_
_
_
-

_

_

_

_
_
_

6
Table A-l. Office Occupations by Region— Continued
( A v e r a g e w e e k l y e a r n i n g s 1 f o r s e l e c t e d o c c u p a t i o n s in a l l m e t r o p o l i t a n a r e a s b y r e g i o n , 2 J a n u a r y 1961 3 )

S e x , o c c u p a t i o n , an d r e g i o n

Number Average A verage
w eekly
of
w eekly Under
w o r k e r s h ou rs 1 earnings1
40 . 00

N u m ber o f w o r k e r s receiv in g straigh t-tim e w eekly earnings of—
$40.00 $50 .00 $ 60.00 $ 70.00 $ 80.00

$ 9 0 . 0 0 $ 1 0 0. 0 0 $ 1 1 0 . 0 0 $ 12 0. 0 0 $13 0.0 0 $ 14 0.0 0 $ 15 0 .0 0 $16 0. 0 0 $ 17 0 .0 0 $ 1 8 0. 0 0 $ 19 0 .0 0 $2 0 0. 0 0
and
over

$ 5 0 . 0 0 $ 6 0 . 0 0 $ 7 0 . 0 0 $ 8 0 . 0 0 $ 9 0 . 0 0 $ 1 0 0. 0 0 $1 1 0. 0 0 $ 1 2 0 . 0 0 $ 13 0 .0 0 $ 14 0.0 0 $1 5 0. 0 0 $ 1 6 0 . 0 0 $17 0. 0 0 $ 18 0 .0 0 $ 19 0. 0 0 $ 2 0 0, 0 0

O ffice c l e r i c a l — Continued
W om en — Continued
B i l l e r s , m a ch in e (bookkeeping
m a c h i n e ) ____________________________________
N o r t h e a s t ................................ ..............................
South _______________________________________
N o r t h C e n t r a l _____________________________
W e s t ..........................................................................
B ookk eepin g-m ach in e o p e ra to rs,
class A
—---------------------- ------------------------------N o r t h e a s t .................. .................................. ........
South ___________________________ ______ _____
N o r t h C e n t r a l ______ _________ _____________
West
____ __________________________________

7, 370
2 ,710
1,9 2 4
1,936
80 0

39.
37.
40.
39.
39.

1
7
1
8
5

$64.
67.
57.
65.
68.

50
50
00
00
50
00
00
00
00
50

-

4, 064
2, 786
4, 222
1,788

39.
37.
39.
39.
39.

1
8
7
6
6

Bookk eepin g-m ach in e operators,
c l a s s B ____________________________ ____ _____
N o r t h e a s t _________________________________
So uth _______________________________________
N o r t h C e n t r a l -------------------------------------------W e s t ------------ ------------------------------------------------

4 8, 725
15,188
9, 776
15, 293
8 ,4 6 8

39.
37.
39.
39.
39.

0
9
7
4
8

63.
63.
57.
65.
64.

00
50
50
50
50

164
17
130
17
-

C l e r k s , a c c o u n t i n g , c l a s s A ______________
N o r t h e a s t ___ _____ ________________________
S o u t h ________________________________________
N o r t h C e n t r a l _____________________________
W e s t ________________________________________

35, 635
11,456
7 ,4 0 9
11,334
5 ,4 3 6

39.
38.
39.
39.
39.

0
1
5
4
6

.
85.
80.
87.
91.

00
50
50
50
00

_

C l e r k s , a c c o u n t i n g , c l a s s B ______________
N o r t h e a s t ______________________ ,_________
South _______________________________________
N o r t h C e n t r a l -------------------------------------------W e s t ..........................................................................

74,679
21,286
18,874
24,351
10,168

39.
37.
39.
39.
39.

0
9
3
4
5

67.
66.
63.
69.
73.

50
50
50
50
50

293
184
93
16
-

C l e r k s , f i l e , c l a s s A _______________________
N o r t h e a s t _________________________________
South _______________________________________
N o r t h C e n t r a l _____________________________
W e s t ________________________________ _______

16,743
6 , 606
3, 303
5, 293
1 ,5 4 1

38.
37.
39.
39.
39.

5
4
2
1
3

70.
69.
67.
72 .
76.

50
50
00
50
50

_

C l e r k s , f i l e , c l a s s B .............. ..........................
N o r t h e a s t ______________ ____ ______________
South _______________________________________
N o r t h C e n t r a l _____________ ______ ________
W e s t ________________________________________

57,864
18,970
1 0 , 391
2 0 ,461
8 , 042

38.
37.
39.
39.
39.

6
5
2
2
2

56.
56.
51.
57.
60.

50
50
50
50
50

C l e r k s , o r d e r _____ __________ _______________
N o r t h e a s t ____ ______ _________________ ____ _
South _______________________________________
N o r t h C e n t r a l ___ _____ ___________________
W e s t ..........................................................................

18,793
6 , 688
3, 196
6 , 659
2, 250

39.
38.
39.
39.
39.

3
6
7
6
8

69.
70.
62.
70.
77.

50
00
00
50
00

C l e r k s , p a y r o l l .................. .......... ........................ N o r t h e a s t --------------- ------------------ --------------- —
South _______________________________________
N o r t h C e n t r a l ___ - ________________________
W e s t ...........................................................................

34,245
13, 117
6 , 344
11,050
3, 734

39.
38.
39.
39.
39.

2
5
7
6
7

76.
73.
71.
79.
85.

00
00
00
00
50

65
25
40

C o m p t o m e t e r o p e r a t o r s ................................ —
N o r t h e a s t ............................. ................................
South _______________________________________
N o r t h C e n t r a l - ........ .......... ...................- ..........W e s t ..........................................................................

32,984
9,8 5 8
5, 854
12,253
5, 019

39.
37.
39.
39.
39.

0
7
5
6
7

74.
73.
65.
75.
8 0.

00
50
50
50
00

80
23
57

S ee f o o t n o t e s




at e n d o f t a b l e .

86

122

48
31
_
22

9
-

-

-

-

■

2

2

_

_
_
_
_

-

1

-

-

5
_
.
5
-

_
_
_
_

_

_

-

-

-

1
_
_

_
_

_
_

_

1

_

_
_

-

-

-

-

48
4
23

19

84
28

16

125
49
55
14
7

15

4

.

10
1

5

11

-

3,2 9 1
1 ,3 5 0
743

212

286

1,706
412
165
680
449

708
167
38
273
2 30

, 327 14, 522 1 4, 7 8 9
1 , 9 7 8 4, 203 4, 583
3, 98 0 2, 436
2 , 162
1,746
3, 687 4 , 4 7 8
441
2, 652
3 ,2 9 2

7, 676
2, 685
735
3, 130
1 , 126

3, 671
1,236
232
1,492
711

1,2 0 9
379
63
596
171

347
99
35
139
74

19

1

4 ,2 5 5
1, 330
1 ,4 7 9
1 , 128
318

7, 520
2, 532
1 ,8 3 7
2, 361
79 0

8 ,6 6 1
2,751
1,650
2, 847
1,413

6

, 873
2, 132
1,018
2, 058
1,665

4, 075
1, 392
449
1,572

70 0
217

216
83

100

21

221

662

1, 994
562
281
776
375

, 138 1 6 , 4 5 0 2 1 , 5 6 3 16, 213
1 ,7 7 7
5, 122 5 , 9 2 6
4 ,7 9 1
2 ,6 9 6
5, 822 4 , 8 8 6
3, 181
1,474 4 ,4 7 5
7 ,6 4 3
5, 357
1
,0
3
1
3,
108
2,
884
191

8 ,4 5 4
2, 003
1, 198
3 ,2 0 6
2, 047

3, 579
920
565
1 ,4 8 4
610

1,458
383
306
545
224

387
130
57
135
65

660

632
569
167

202

6

69
28
34
7
~

-

364

2

2, 695
791
369
994
541

-

290

1

_
_
_

2, 890
899
1,0 2 3
756

-

824

1,935
711
405
617

64
29
13
17
5

-

-

309
94
43
172
-

1,042
342
386
277
37

, 028

313
89
24
139
61

-

_
-

2

630
415
54
118
43

-

77.
75.
71.
79.
8 5.

1 2 ,8 6 0

865
205
467
152
41

1 ,4 1 0
570
238
322
280

86
86

1, 199
417
513
2 60
9

912

6

715
2 35
319
99
62

36
31
3

162

52

8

1

15
123

4
30
17

16

8

3
7

162

_

_

5

_
_
_
_

_
_
_
_

_
_
_
_

_
_
_
_

-

-

-

-

-

_
_

_
_
_

_
_
_

_
_

_
_

_

_
_

_
_

_
_
_
_

-

-

-

-

_

_

_

_

_

_

_
_

_
_

_
_

_

_
_
_

_

_

-

-

-

6

_

_

_

2

2

_

4
5

_
_

_
_

_

4

-

-

_

_
_

8

_

_

_
_

_
_

_
_
_
_
-

-

-

_

_

_

_
_

-

-

_

_
_

_

1

13

2

1

1

_
_

_

1

-

-

-

-

14
3

5
_

_
_
_

_

_

_

_

_

_
_

_
_

>

I

-

-

-

-

-

-

_

_

_

_

_
_

_
_

-

-

-

4, 528
1 ,8 1 7
852
1,548
311

3, 811
1 ,6 3 5
423
1,405
348

2, 361
797
45 0
709
405

1, 191
357
119
518
197

388
182
82
95
29

142
28
48
39
27

53

19

-

1 5 , 9 6 6 21, 867 12, 523
4, 704 7 . 8 9 9
4, 055
4 ,976
3, 42 2
881
5, 266
5, 190 7, 391
1 ,0 9 6
3, 155 2, 321

4, 357
1, 369
447
1 ,6 8 4
857

1,786
553
238
565
430

451
80
39
207
125

79
16
23
31
9

9
4

1
-

1
_

_

_

_

-

_

_

-

1
_

_

_

_

_

_

_

_

4

1

-

.

-

-

_

-

_

1

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

616

185
96

73
47
5

22

3
3

5
3

_

_
_

_

_
_

_

_

_

_

_

2

_

_

_

_
_

_

3

_

3, 535
1,5 4 4
980
868

143

1, 310
457
405
355
93

3, 874
1,278
1,028
1 ,2 6 4
304

5, 082
1,909
1 ,0 0 8
1,804
361

4,055
1,498
458
1,629
4 70

2 ,404
872
137
838
557

1, 133
361
73
469
230

150
38
245
183

1, 183
628
347
189
19

4, 423
2 , 020
1, 301
977
125

7, 624
3, 141
1,672
2, 320
491

7, 800
3, 255
1 ,2 4 6
2, 578
721

5 ,9 8 4
2, 044
810
2, 203
927

3, 728
1, 103
485
1, 384
756

1 ,2 5 1
310
521
366
54

4 ,4 6 0
1, 360
1, 509
1,259
3 32

8

, 117
2, 560
1,810
2, 914
833

7, 942
2, 512
975
3, 177
1 ,2 7 8

5 ,0 9 8
1,485
497
1,967
1, 149

4,462
1 ,2 2 4
372
1 ,9 1 8

948

20

8

15

14
2

19
50

21

4

-

2

2, 167
585
248
893
441

768
179

367
113
70
142
42

1 ,3 7 2
289
89
596
398

172
76

88

303
198

n o

_

_

_

_

19
3

_

_
_

_

-

-

-

-

_

3

_

.
-

_

_

10

_

-

_

5

1
2
_

_

25
53

1
.
-

-

-

_

3

_

12

1

-

-

1

-

-

-

_

_

_

-

_
-

_
_

_
_

-

-

■

“

20

1

_

>

-

-

-

20

26
15
4

-

1
-

55

1

-

-

21

6

"

"

3
3

-

"

-

~

7

Table A-l. Office Occupations by Region'— Continued
(A v era g e w eekly ea rn ings 1 for s e le c te d occupations in all m e trop olitan a r e a s by regio n , 2 January 1961 3 )

Se x ,

occupation,

an d r e g i o n

Number A verage A verage
w eekly
w eekly Under
of
w o rk e rs hours 1 earnings1 *
40. 00

N u m ber of w o r k e r s re c e iv in g str a ig h t-tim e w eek ly earnings of—
$40.00 $$0.00 $60.00 $70.00 $ 80 .00

$ 9 0 . 0 0 $ 1 0 0. 0 0 $1 1 0. 0 0 $1 2 0. 0 0 $ 13 0.0 0 $ 1 4 0. 0 0 $ 15 0.0 0 $16 0. 0 0 $17 0.00 $ 18 0 .0 0 $ i 9 0 .od: $20 0.00
and
$ 5 0 . 0 0 $ 6 0 . 0 0 $ 7 0 . 0 0 $ 8 0 . 0 0 $ 9 0 . 0 0 $10 0.0 0 $ 1 1 0 . oq $ 12 0. 0 0 $ 1 3 0. 0 0 $ 14 0. 0 0 $1 5 0. 0 0 $16 0.0 0 $ 17 0 .0 0 $18 0. 0 0 $ 19 0. 0 0 $20 0. 0 0 o v e r

O f f i c e c l e r i c a l — Co n t i n u e d
W om en — Continued
D u plicatin g-m ach in e o p e r a to r s
( M i m e o g r a p h o r D it t o) —--------- -----------------N o r t h e a s t _________________________________
South _______________________________________
N o r t h C e n t r a l ________________ ______ _____
W e s t ...........................................................................

4, 089
1,0 1 3
775
1,543
758

39.
38.
39.
39.
39.

1
4
3
4
5

$65.
64.
59.
66.
71.

50
50
50
50
50

K e y p u n c h o p e r a t o r s -------- --------- -------------------N o r t h e a s t --------------------------------------------------South —-------------------------------------------------------N o r t h C e n t r a l .....................................................
W e s t ..........................................................................

58,716
19,267
10,179
20, 551
8,719

38.
38.
39.
39.
39.

9
0
3
4
5

71.
69.
66.
73.
78.

50
50
00
00
50

O f f i c e g i r l s ___________________________________
N o r t h e a s t ___________________ ,____ _________
S o u t h ________________________________________
N o r t h C e n t r a l ....................................................W e s t ..........................................................................

13,879
5, 312
2 , 086
4,443
2, 038

38.
37.
39.
39.
39.

6
5
3
3
4

57.
57.
52.
57.
61.

00
00
50
00
00

114
39
57
14
4

3 ,4 8 5
975

S e c r e t a r i e s --------- -------- ----------------------------------- 1 8 1 , 7 0 7
74,608
N o r t h e a s t _________________________________
31,058
South _______________________________________
50,863
N o r t h C e n t r a l ------------ ------------------------------W e s t ........................................................................... 25 , 178

38. 5
37. 3
39. 4
39.2
39. 5

90.
91.
83.
92.
94.

50
00
50
00
50

_
-

643
126
403
114

-

-

S t e n o g r a p h e r s , g e n e r a l ------------------------------- 1 2 9 , 6 3 1
41,172
N o r t h e a s t ________ ..________________________
S o u t h ________________________________________
23,056
N o r t h C e n t r a l _____________________________ 4 5 , 5 9 0
19,813
W e s t ________________________________________

39.9
37. 8
39. 4
39.4
39. 5

76.
74.
71.
77.
81.

00
00
50
50
50

63

S t e n o g r a p h e r s , t e c h n i c a l -------- --------- --------N o r t h e a s t __________________ _______ _______
South _______________________________________
N o r t h C e n t r a l _____________________________
W e s t ________________________________________

, 955
3, 316
1,628
2, 366
1,645

39. 3
38. 7
39.6
39. 4
39. 8

87.
84.
89.
86.
90.

00
00
50
00
50

.
-

S w i t c h b o a r d o p e r a t o r s -------------------------------N o r t h e a s t _________________________________
South ______________________________ _______
N o r t h C e n t r a l _____________________________
W e s t ________________________________________

31,928
12,405
6 , 349
8 , 119
5, 055

39.
37.
4 1.
39.
39.

3
9
2
8
7

69.
71 .
59.
71.
75.

50
50
00
00
00

Sw itchboard o p e r a t o r -r e c e p t io n is t s -------N orth e ast _________________________________
South ------------------ -------------------------------------North C en tral _____________________________
W e st ________________________________________

27,809
9, 044
5, 333
9, 145
4 ,2 8 7

39.2
38. 3
39. 8
39. 5
39. 7

.
67.
62.
69.
74.

50
50
50
50
00

T a b u la tin g -m a ch in e o p e r a to r s,
c la s s A ----------------------------------------------------------------N orth east ______________________________
South ___________________________________
North C en tral __________________________
W e st ___________________________________

1,673
646
283
496
248

39. 0
38. 8
38. 3
39. 5
39.6

96. 00
94. 00
8 8 . 50

, 109
3, 186
1 ,6 7 7
1,949
1 ,2 9 7

38. 6
37.8
38. 5
39.4
39. 7

T ab u latin g-m ach in e o p e r a to r s,
c la s s B __________________________________
N orth east ___________________ * ------------ -—
South _______________________________________
North C en tral _____________________________
W e st _______________________________________

See footnotes at end of table.




8

8

68

1 0 0 . 00

102.50
81.
79 .
71 .
86.
88.

00
00
50
50
50

11

415

-

100

, 686 1 0 , 0 3 3 15, 742 1 3, 671
840 3, 674 6 , 037 4, 343
1, 142 2 , 6 9 0
2 ,8 1 3
1,675
658 3, 057
5, 323 5, 096
46
612
2, 557
1,569

8 ,6 5 7
2 ,460
785
3, 257
2, 155

152
96
67

“

8

24
-

20

40
3
-

1 ,0 8 0
266
160
456
198

527
132
52
184
159

11

32

, 100
307
2 80
458
55

771
182
109
240
240

1

2

928

1 ,2 5 1
331

, 025
2, 922
72 0
1 , 7 34
649
6

2, 566
797
229
863
677

925
291
66

.
_

-

-

-

_
-

_
.

.
_

_
_
_

.
.

_
_

_
_
_
_

_
_
.

-

1

3
-

-

-

, 288
1 ,6 3 1

1 ,4 7 7
244
143
713
377

110

20

23
34
33

7
7

20

19
13
3
3

3
3
_
_

6

866

2 ,4 1 3
1,3 7 8

162

149

21

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

1

_
_
_
_

_
_
_
_

_
_
_
_

_
_

_
_

_
_
_
_

_
_
_
_

5

-

-

-

"

"

-

-

_
_
.
-

_
_
_

_
-

_
_
_
_

_
_
_

_
_
_
_

_
_
_
_

, 373
2 ,9 2 4
789
1 ,8 3 6
824

2, 330

6

1 ,1 1 0

302
697
221

_
-

-

-

-

-

-

-

187

15

6

2

12
2

3
*

2

11

1

2

_
.

22

34
23
9

97
79
7

-

1

-

_
_
_
_

_
_
_
_

_

-

-

_
_
_
_

_
.
_
_

-

-

-

-

-

_
-

_
.
_
-

_
_
_
-

_
_
_

_
_
_

-

-

-

-

-

_

_

_

_
_

_

_
_
_

101

641
113

28

62

6

378

4

5
5
_
_

88

6

-

-

18

100

129
32
32
44

_
_
_
_

_
_
_
-

1,706
808
225
454
219

2

, 620
1 , 101
342
670
507

2, 245
522
670
504
549

940
321
158
264
197

303
64
57

_
_
.

453
263
67

1 ,4 0 8
238
281
615
274

12

_
.
_
_

121

!
_

-

119
33
29
25
32

82

21

12

-

1,173
71
838
229
36

2,935
774
1, 097
847
216

5, 099
1 ,4 9 0
1,654
1, 337
617

6

, 889
3, 237
1,089
1 ,4 1 0
1, 152

6

, 547
3, 250
692
1, 552
1,053

5, 186
2, 193
562
1 ,4 7 1
961

3, 324
1, 165
329
1, 015
815

626
182
61
227
157

124
36

17

6

_

_

2

2
-

-

-

-

-

45

1 ,4 7 2
478
649
264
81

5, 337
1, 640
1,702
1, 593
4 02

, 857
3, 026
1,719
2 ,9 1 9
1, 193

6 ,7 4 7
2, 395
741
2, 348
1,263

3, 514
319
1,343
830

1, 346
369
118
508
351

420
87
50
126
157

-

-

10
-

52

-

-

233
124
53
36

325
171
60

363
125
74

330

-

66

121

20

28

43

, 069
800
193
511
565

1, 343
46 4
83
439
357

-

25
20
-

-

-

8

12

-

-

-

31
2
7

-

14

-

11

-

1

”

2

649
237
351
50
11

1, 170
566
419
152
33

-

10

2, 024
889
534
438
163

1 ,0 2 2

2

6

_
_

_

1 ,0 7 5
576
181
242
76

, 318
1, 378
947
2 ,9 1 9
1, 074

6

-

_
_
_
.

-

4, 090 15, 335 28, 891 41, 607 40 , 735 26, 275 13, 593
1, 165 5, 603 12, 556 1 8 , 3 6 8 16, 390 9, 866 5, 444
4 , 4 1 0 2, 941
1, 562
2, 045
5, 115 6 , 534 6 , 6 6 6
732
3, 728 7, 468 1 1 , 1 3 4 1 1 , 9 3 5
4, 290
8 , 549
148
8 , 000
2, 297
889 2, 333 5 , 4 3 9
4,9 1 9

873
427
115
305
26

_
-

10

2, 590 1 3 , 4 7 6 31, 214 3 2 , 7 6 3 2 5 , 2 5 1 15, 874
713 4 , 4 6 9 1 1 , 4 1 5 11 ,1 79
7 , 4 0 0 4, 230
4, 874 2, 590 2 , 166
1 ,0 9 7
4 , 368 6 , 6 2 5
729 4, 145 10, 351 1 1 , 3 1 2 8 , 823 6 , 311
51
494 2 , 8 2 3
5, 398 6 , 4 3 8
3, 167
_

4
-

106
39

154
76
5
52

588
196
81

364
204

181
26

2
2

22
22

3

2

5
_

8

_
_

_
_

4

_
-

1

44

-

-

-

_
_
-

-

_
_
.
-

66

27

4
.

8

2

_
_

_
_
_

_
_
_

_
_
_

.
_
_

_
_

21

2

1

_

_

_

-

_

_

_

10

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

240
58
17
89
76

94
26

14
4

7

5

_
_

_

_

_

_

12

1

6
_

_

35
130
45

_

-

33
23

8

1

_

_

_

_
_

1

-

5

-

-

609
165

177
47

52
17

1

1
_

_

_
_

_

66

10

10

_

_

242
136

98
22

18
7

.

_

_

_

_

-

1

-

-

-

120

1

_
_

1
_

_

_

_
_
_

_
_

-

-

_

_
_

_
_
_

-

_

_

_

_

~

-

8
Table A-l. Office Occupations by Region— Continued
(A v e r a g e w eekly earn ings 1 for se le c te d occu pation s in a ll m e trop olitan a r e a s by reg io n , 2 January 1961 3 )

S ex, occu p ation , and region

N u m b er A v e r a g e A v e r a g e
w eekly Under
of
w eekly
w o r k e r s h ou rs 1 earnings1
4 0 .0 0

N u m ber of w o r k e r s r ec eiv in g s t r a ig h t -t im e w eekly earn ings of—
$ 4 0 .0 0 $ 5 0 .0 0 $ 6 0 .0 0 $ 7 0 .0 0 $ 8 0 .0 0

$ 9 0 .0 0 $ 1 0 0 .0 0 $ 1 1 0 .0 0 $ 1 2 0 .0 0 $1 3 0 .0 0 $ 1 4 0 .0 0 $ 1 5 0 .0 0 $ 1 6 0 .0 0 $ 1 7 0 .0 0 $1 8 0 .0 0 $ 1 9 0 .0 0 $ 2 0 0 .0 0
and
over

$ 5 0 .0 0 $ 6 0 .0 0 $ 7 0 .0 0 $ 8 0 .0 0 $ 9 0 .0 0 $ 1 0 0 .0 0 $ 1 1 0 .0 0 $ 1 2 0 .0 0 $ 1 3 0 .0 0 $1 4 0 .0 0 $ 1 5 0 .0 0 $ 1 6 0 .0 0 $ 1 7 0 .0 0 $ 1 8 0 .0 0 $1 9 0 .0 0 $ 2 0 0 .0 0

O ffic e c le r ic a l— Continued
W om en— Continued
T a b u la tin g -m a ch in e o p e r a to r s,
c la s s C ______________________________________
N orth e ast _________________________________
South _______________________________________
North C en tral _____________________________
W e st _______________________________________

7 ,7 8 9
3, 178
1, 136
2 ,8 6 8
607

T r a n sc r ib in g -m a c h in e o p e r a to r s ,
g e n era l ______________________________________
N orth e ast _________________________________
South _______________________________________
N orth C en tral _____________________________
W e st ________________________________________
T y p is ts , c la s s A ____________________________
N orth east _________________________________
South _______________________________________
North C en tral ____________________________
W e st ...........................................................................

3
5
8
8
7

$68.
67.
63.
72.
70 .

50
00
50
00
50

.
-

37 3
122
97
146
8

1, 675
858
389
354
74

2 , 193
884
335
728
246

2, 055
827
183
876
169

1 ,0 1 0
371
100
470
69

292
69
21
165
37

183
47
11
123
2

8
6
2

_

_
_

_

_
_

_
_
_

_
_

_
_
_

_
_
_

_
_
_

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

2 2 ,9 9 6
7 ,5 1 1
4 , 548
8, 832
2 , 105

38. 7
37. 8
39. 3
3 9 .2
39. 1

68.
68 .
61 .
69 .
73.

00
00
50
50
50

-

1, 354
343
721
285
5

4, 837
1, 527
1, 334
1 ,8 2 4
152

7 , 342

5, 547
2 , 021
649
2 , 173
704

2 , 641
816
209
1, 161
455

934
248
78
510
98

261
69
22
165
5

57
23
11
17
6

14
6
_
7
1

5
2
_
3

2
1
_
1

2
1
_
1

_
-

_
-

_
-

_
_
_
-

_
-

5 2 ,7 0 1
1 9 ,3 3 8
7 ,9 9 3
1 7 ,5 7 8
7 ,7 9 2

38. 7
37. 7
39. 3
3 9 .2
39. 5

73.
71.
67.
77.
76.

00
00
00
00
00

6
6
_

890
212
338
238
102

962 1 5 ,4 3 6 1 4 ,0 9 6
002 6, 744 4 , 941
134 2 , 670
1 ,6 7 2
364 4 , 075 4 , 928
1 ,9 4 7
2 , 555
462

8 ,7 1 8
2 ,6 8 6
749
3, 682
1 ,6 0 1

5, 301
1 ,2 8 4
301
2 , 813
903

1, 094
391
100
442
161

169
60
18
33
58

20
10
4
3
3

3
2
1
-

4
4
-

_
-

2
2
_
-

.
_
_

_
_
_

-

-

_
_
_
_
-

-

38.
37.
39.
39.
39.

61 .
61 .
54.
62 .
67 .

50
00
50
50
00

199
60
139
-

1 4 ,5 0 3 3 4 ,8 2 6 3 4 ,2 5 9 15, 228
4 ,4 3 2 13, 055 1 1 ,9 2 3 4 , 944
775
5 ,4 1 0
6, 516 2 ,8 6 2
5 ,9 0 5
4 , 072 1 1 ,4 6 8 1 2 ,7 0 7
3, 604
589 3, 787 6, 767

5 ,6 1 5
1 ,4 1 1
189
2 , 011
2 , 004

1 ,7 5 9
46 4
98
910
287

194
20
6
105
63

12
3
8
1

_
-

_
-

_
-

_
-

_
-

_
-

_
_
-

_
_
_
_

_
_
_
_

-

-

-

-

“

-

-

-

-

T y p is ts , c la s s B _____________________________ 1 0 6 ,5 9 5
N orth e ast __________________________________ 3 6 ,3 1 2
1 5 ,9 9 5
South _______________________________________
3 7 ,1 8 6
North C en tral _____________________________
1 7 ,1 0 2
W e st ________________________________________

38.
37.
38.
38.
39.

7
6
2
2
3

-

-

6,
3,
2,
1,

2 ,4 9 4

1 ,5 2 4
2, 690
674

_
_
_
_

P r o fe s s io n a l and tec h n ica l
M en
D r a ftsm e n , l e a d e r ___________________________
N orth e a st _________________________________
South __ __ ______________
North C en tral -----------------------------------------W e st _______________________________________

9 , 300
3, 752
1 ,4 3 2
2 , 937
1, 179

39. 8
39. 6
40. 0
39. 7
3 9 .9

150. 00
1 5 2 .5 0
1 4 7 .0 0
1 5 2 .0 0
1 4 2 .5 0

_
-

D r a ftsm e n , sen io r __________________________
N orth e ast _________________________________
South _______________________________________
North C en tral -------------------------------------------W e st ________________________________________

4 9 ,5 2 2
1 8 ,3 9 2
6, 747
1 7 ,0 0 1
7 , 382

3 9 .8
3 9 .6
39. 9
3 9 .9
40. 0

1 2 2 .0 0
122. 00
1 1 7 .5 0
125. 50
1 1 8 .5 0

_
-

D r a ftsm e n , ju nior ----------------------------------------N orth e a st _________________________________
South _______________________________________
North C en tral _____________________________
W e st ________________________________________

2 7 ,0 9 8
1 0 ,0 3 7
4 ,2 3 2
1 0 ,3 4 2
2 ,4 8 7

39.
39.
39.
39.
40.

Tracers

_______________________________________

8
5
9
9
0

2 ,2 8 3

39. 8

9 , 257
3, 381
1 ,2 9 9
3, 549
1, 028

3 9 .6
39. 1
39. 7
39. 8
39. 8

813

38. 7

_
-

_
-

_
-

_
-

3
3
-

37
3
16
18
-

249
104
56
84
5

752
329
192
164
67

1, 079
327
122
295
335

1, 438
610
199
346
283

1, 105
345
165
456
139

1, 338
593
223
422
100

1 ,2 5 5
576
149
462
68

937
317
229
293
98

571
278
36
206
51

198
91
14
79
14

338
179
31
109
19

_

69
26
22
17
4

298
142
96
40
20

1, 368
460
427
357
124

4 , 657
1 ,7 2 1
923
1 ,2 2 8
785

8 ,2 5 9
3, 037
1 ,2 0 4
2, 603
1 ,4 1 5

9 , 587
3, 373
1, 161
3, 135
1 ,9 1 8

8 ,7 5 5
3, 352
1 ,0 1 0
2 , 941
1 ,4 5 2

6, 636
2 , 509
893
2 , 47 4
760

4 , 157
1 ,6 2 4
466
1 ,6 1 5
452

2 , 744
1, 030
236
1, 176
302

1 ,9 1 5
756
239
805
115

711
220
53
411
27

233
69
17
140
7

90
55
34
1

31
18
13
-

-

12
12
-

50
50
50
50
50

_
-

_
.
-

288
71
137
80
-

1, 839
412
671
652
104

3, 810
1, 654
814
1, 104
238

5 ,9 9 8
2 , 367
1, 020
1 ,8 3 2
779

6, 344
2 , 641
705
2 , 309
689

4 , 075
1, 366
44 4
1 ,8 1 6
449

1, 980
548
234
1, 068
130

1 ,5 8 0
578
160
773
69

773
225
42
481
25

355
158
3
190
4

53
14
2
37
-

3
3
-

-

-

-

-

7 6 . 00

-

15

170

663

584

443

274

116

16

2

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

00
00
50
00
50

_
_
-

5
5
-

33
21
10
1
1

324
163
86
68
7

822
366
175
254
27

1 ,8 2 5
790
249
684
102

2 , 554
878
265
1, 085
326

2 , 064
607
275
867
315

1, 130
420
106
442
162

383
92
89
122
80

81
28
29
20
4

26
5
11
6
4

9
5
4
-

1
1
-

-

_
-

-

_
-

69 . 50

-

8

230

175

255

93

36

11

5

-

-

“

-

-

-

-

-

-

93.
92.
85 .
97 .
92 .

-

W om en
N u r s e s , in d u strial (r e g is te r e d ) --------------N orth e ast --------------------------------------------------South _____________________________________
North C en tral _____________________________
W e st ________________________________________
T racers

_______________________________________

96 .
94 .
94.
97 .
102.

1 E arn in gs re la te to r eg u la r s t r a ig h t -t im e s a la r ie s that are paid for standard w ork w eek s.
2 The r egio n s are defined as fo llo w s:
N orth e ast— C onnecticut, M ain e, M a s s a c h u s e tts , New H a m p sh ir e , New J e r s e y , New Y o rk , P en n sylvan ia, Rhode Island, and V erm o n t; South— A la b a m a ,
A r k a n s a s , D e la w a re, D is t r ic t of C olu m b ia, F lo r id a , G e o r g ia , Kentucky, L ou isian a , M arylan d , M is s is s ip p i, North C arolin a, O k lah om a, South C arolin a, T e n n e sse e , T e x a s , V ir g in ia , and W est
V irg in ia ; North C en tral— Illin o is, Indiana, Iow a, K a n s a s , M ich igan , M in n e sota, M is s o u r i, N e b ra sk a , North Dakota, O hio, South Dakota, and W isc o n sin ; W e st— A r iz o n a , C a lifo rn ia , C o lo ra d o , Idaho,
M ontana, N evada, New M e x ic o , O re gon , Utah, W ash ington, and W yom in g.
3 A v e r a g e m onth of r e fe r e n c e .
Data w e r e c o lle c te d during the p erio d July I9 60 through June 1961.




9
Table A-2. Plant Occupations by Region
(A v e r a g e h ou rly ea rn ings 1 for se le c te d occu p ation s in a ll m e trop olitan a r e a s

S ex, occupation, and region

N u m ber A v e r a g e
of
h o u r ly 1 Under $ 1 . 50 i l . 60 $ 1 . 70 $ 1 . 8 0
w o r k e r s ea rn ings $
1. 50
$ 1 . 60 $ 1 .7 0 $ 1 . 80 $ 1 . 9 0

by regio n , 2 January 1961 3)

N u m ber of w o rk ers r eceivin g s tr a ig h t- tim e hourly earn ings of—
$ 1 .9 0

$ 2 .0 0

$ 2 . 10 $ 2 . 20 $ 2 . 30

$ 2 . 40

$ 2 . 50

$ 2 . 60 $ 2 . 7 0 $ 2 . 8 0

$ 2 . 9 0 $ 3 . 0 0 $ 3 . 10

$ 3 . 20 $ 3 . 30 $ 3 . 4 0

$ 2 . 00

$ 2 . 10

$ 2 . 20 $ 2 . 30 $ 2 . 40

$ 2 . 50

$ 2 . 60

$ 2 . 70 $ 2 . 80 $ 2 . 9 0

$ 3 . 00 $ 3 . 10 $ 3 . 20

$ 3 . 30 $ 3 . 40 $ 3 . 50

289
149
102
38
-

503
223
221
59
-

417
269
78
66
4

796
515
166
95
20

950
508
148
263
31

1, 763
677
225
626
235

1, 574
848
242
386
98

1, 116
571
119
309
117

1, 467 1, 80 4
680
449
235
208
552
574
258
315

2, 581
934
643
612
392

1, 77 4 1, 322
343
618
202
217
604
683
173
256

1, 678
135
622
77 4
147

496
227
253
14
2

403
233
116
54'

1, 71 4
882
284
533
15

2, 305
1, 051
397
667
190

2, 863
1, 243
380
837
403

3, 344 4, 197
1, 473 1 ,7 1 9
394
593
1, 182 1, 674
295
211

4, 145
1 ,0 6 0
626
1, 845
614

5, 457
1 ,7 2 6
1 ,0 7 2
2, 106
553

7, 334
2, 108
693
3, 359
1, 174

$ 3 . 50
and
over

M aintenance and pow erplant
M en
C a r p e n te r s, m ain tenan ce ——
N orth e ast —---------------------------South -------------------------------------North C e n t r a l ----- ------------- —.
W e st
----- —

21,
7,
4,
6,
2,

245
776
615
505
349

$ 2 .7 9
2. 70
2. 67
2 .9 3
2 .9 5

117
116
1
-

-

E le c t r ic ia n s , m ain tenan ce —
N orth e a st — --------------------------S o u t h -------------------------------------N orth C e n tr a l-----------------------W e st
—
-

5 0 , 738
1 5 ,4 6 0
8, 648
21 , 183
5, 447

2 .9 9
2. 86
2 .9 1
3. 09
3. 11

19
_

23
4
19
-

-

"

-

-

-

375
81
249
43
2

-

907 1, 150
562
687
188
231
143
214
14
18

E n g in e e r s, s t a t i o n a r y -----------N o rth e a st —-------------------------- South i I, -..... ....... i - - t ■
North C e n t r a l ---------------------W e s t .........................................

2 3 ,9 1 9
8 , 387
4 , 365
8 , 322
2, 845

2.
2.
2.
2.
3.

82
77
56
93
00

185
7
152
26

135
27
100
8

-

144
42
98
_
4

241
54
153
31
3

392
137
209
34
12

411
165
187
47
12

516
176
195
135
10

645
291
160
176
18

937 1, 110
445
633
253
204
262
219
20
11

1, 174
638
175
206
155

1, 569
459
271
670
169

1, 660
778
243
46 4
175

2 ,0 4 5 1 ,6 9 9
741
601
192
177
731
651
270
381

1 ,8 4 1
711
333
538
259

F ir e m e n , station ary b o ile r —
N o r t h e a s t ----- ------------------------South -------------------------------------North C e n tr a l-----------------------W e st .............................................

18,
7,
2,
7,

2. 36
2. 31
1 .9 7
2. 54
2. 49

1, 684
439
1, 073
156
16

292
99
109
80
4

501
229
141
131
-

638
366
106
158
8

604
311
77
214
2

525
246
75
198
6

865
470
119
232
44

963
521
107
305
30

1, 560 1, 561
86 4
741
108
89
654
528
60
77

1, 572
568
53
861
90

1, 211
462
155
481
113

1 ,6 2 1
745
127
665
84

967 1, 108
465
257
115
55
535
524
60
64

73 2
155
91
47 4
12

852
345
447
47
13

84 4
333
343
128
40

1, 166
634
355
121
56

1, 950
1 ,0 3 2
604
241
73

1, 890
1, 008
491
263
128

2, 47 4

3, 023 5, 00 2
93 4 1 ,7 6 0
753
927
652 1, 51 4
684
801

5,
2,
1,
1,

271
359
165
197
550

3, 152
77 4
339
1, 338
701

3, 085
540
493
986
1, 066

2, 346 2, 197
386
707
1, 545
920
48 4
399
16
86

398
138
81
139
40

-

19
19
-

55
24
31
-

74
56
18
-

195
100
64
31

210
132
49
29
-

343
229
40
74
-

816
555
47
214

1, 377
584
111
655
27

1, 428 1, 858
417
481
196
49
801 1, 026
97
219

589
328
975
564
722

19
-

128
13
115
-

153
22
108
23

243
34
209
_
-

319
170
132
15
2

73
23
38
12

165
16
136
13

293
118
168
7

-

299
51
156
71
21

1, 359
394
73
654
238

5, 637
866
547
3, 248
976

5, 203 1, 839
437
347
43 4
1, 176
3, 248
929
342
129

2, 796
597
635
1 ,0 5 5
509

1 ,7 1 4 2, 130
460
589
364
236
896
626
263
410

1 ,4 9 2
436
282
646
128

1, 562
171
171
1 ,0 7 1
149

780
200
106
452
22

1, 537
626
104
43 3
374

653
57
195
390
11

526
62
85
366
13

661
84
54
495
28

159
20
41
98

62
47
_
15

124
120
4

250
86
24
134
6

131
3
80
48
-

30
20
10
-

281
270
_
11
-

2, 351
309
478
1, 103
461

2, 849 2, 641
288
559
75
591
1, 164 1, 926
535
352

4 ,0 0 2
552
92
3, 183
175

3, 352 1, 09 2
45
508
3
11
2, 805 1, 013
36
23

647
129
12
458
48

3, 257 1, 508
622
414
294
528
1 ,4 9 9
699
608
101

2, 703
718
718
818
449

H e lp e r s, tra d e s ,
m aintenance ---------------------------N o r t h e a s t ------------------------------South
____ _____ - _____ i _
North C en tral — ------------ —
W e st ---------------------------------------

37, 039
12, 776
1 1 ,2 8 8
8, 537
4, 438

2.
2.
2.
2.
2.

31
30
18
43
43

1, 833
195
1, 622
16
-

780
269
467
36
8

M a c h in e -to o l o p e r a to r s,
t o o l r o o m -------------------------------- N orth e ast —---------------------------South -------------------------------------N orth C e n t r a l -----------------.----W e s t ---------------------------------------

24, 935
5, 76 2
2 ,0 0 3
15, 195
1 ,9 7 5

3. 01
2. 80
2. 84
3. 10
3 .0 4

10
10
-

19
9
10
-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

“

90 2
262
65
57 3
2

M a c h in ists, m a in t e n a n c e ------N orth e ast —---------------------------S o u t h ---------------------- --------------North C en tral ---------------------W est
..........................

4 5 , 141
15, 838
8 , 300
1 5 ,5 1 7
5, 486

2 .9 7
2. 86
2 .9 4
3. 07
3. 09

15
15

1
1

22
22

109
5
104

311
79
232

_

_

-

_

-

399
195
144
60

"

-

-

~

50 4
312
185
7
-

44 4
303
103
38
"

684 1, 233
751
462
114
234
104
226
4
22

1, 700
1 ,0 1 7
262
365
56

2, 322
1, 198
336
669
119

3, 116
1, 465
505
531
615

2, 705 2,
1, 179 1,
349
1 ,0 3 1
146

698
177
369
901
251

3, 947
1, 109
441
1 ,7 1 5
682

5, 139 6, 019
1, 497 2, 262
1 ,0 7 3
672
1, 87 4 2, 092
695
993

6, 305
1 ,0 7 3
1, 599
2, 888
745

M e c h a n ic s, autom otive
( m a in te n a n c e )------------------------N o r t h e a s t ------------------------------South -------------------------------——
North C e n t r a l ---------------------W e s t ................................................

43 , 168
1 1 ,6 2 5
1 0 ,8 7 7
13, 199
7 , 467

2. 69
2. 64
2. 43
2. 81
2 .9 2

88

231
60
164
7

531
57
428
46

860
117
724
14
5

760
112
570
56
22

874
148
595
123
8

1 ,0 8 7
385
517
178
7

1, 802 2, 104
614
480
677
815
410
608
101
201

2, 772
1, 405
699
511
157

3, 744
2, 137
718
655
234

3, 455
1, 353
733
935
43 4

5, 235 5, 222
823
1, 649
1 ,4 8 3
98 6
2,
581
1, 619
48 4
832

4, 104
501
534
1, 716
1, 353

4 , 746 2, 97 4
666
445
164
49 4
1, 300 1, 777
2, 286
588

1, 323
228
137
451
507

See footnotes at end of table.




_

85
3

309
61
228
20

9 2 1

612
771
170

695
504
51
140

593
173
278
100
42

-

345
78
50
118
99

"

81
80
_
1
-

274
111
58
44
61

3"
2
_
1
-

328
195
18
27
88

10

Table A-2. Plant Occupations by Region— Continued
(A v e r a g e h ou rly e a r n in g s 1 fo r se le c te d occu p ation s in a ll m e trop olitan a r e a s

S ex , occu p ation , and regio n

by regio n , 2 January 1961 3 )

N u m b er of w o rk ers receivin g s t r a ig h t-tim e h ou rly ea rn ings of—

N u m b er A v e r a g e
of
h o u r ly 1 Under $ 1 . 50 $ 1 . 60 $ 1 . 70 $ 1 . 80
w o rk ers ea rn in g s $
1. 50
$ 1 . 60 $ 1 . 70 $ 1 . 80 $ 1 . 9 0

$ 1 . 90

$ 2. 90

$ 2 . 10 $ 2 . 20 $ 2 . 30

$ 2 . 40

$ 2 . 50

$ 2 . 60 $ 2 . 70 $ 2 . 80

$ 2 . 9 0 $ 3 . 00 $ 3 . 10

$ 2 . 00

$ 2 . 10

$ 2 . 20 $ 2 . 30 $ 2 . 40

$ 2 . 50

$ 2 . 60

$ 2 . 70 $ 2 . 80 $ 2 . 9 0

$ 3 . 0 0 $ 3 . 10 $ 3 . 20

448
91
331
8
18

772
231
512
27
2

1, 117
460
555
102
“

1, 364
562
661
141
-

1, 523
574
701
242
6

2, 02 4 3 ,2 3 1
892 1 ,7 2 0
7 36
753
378
696
18
62

2, 595
99 2
79 6
729
78

3, 942
1, 564
96 6
1, 209
203

4 , 336
i . 781
456
1 ,6 6 5
43 4

4, 380 6, 470 ■5, 157
1, 334
1, 139 3 ,0 7 0
797
757
699
1 ,9 2 4 1 .9 1 1
1 ,8 6 1
618
692 ; 1, 205

6,
2,
1,
1,

89
41
41
7
-

166
96
64
6
-

192
55
84
53
-

786
211
no
442
23

633
365
55
213
-

961
365
85
472
39

1, 521
486
86
923
26

2, 431
1 ,6 6 7 1 ,4 9 8
615
531
349 •
151
154
109
77 6
1 ,7 2 1
959
125
36
70

3, 605 3,
858
1, 256
1, 391 2,
100

607
777
170
508
152

5, 200
243
279
4 , 550
128

62 3
173
292
158
-

561
35
362
152
12

938
46 4
35
319
120

1 ,4 4 4 1, 529
527
471
316
307
421
516
235
180

1, 778
763
175
536
304

2, 091
387
40 8
1, 131
165

1 ,7 3 5
387
113
1 ,0 7 1
164

214
30
80
97
7

169
18
4
146
1

64
33
_
3
28’

30
28
_
2
-

51
46
_
5

74
69
_
5

-

-

440
45
202
122
71

396
42
236
103
15

71 4
51
24
52 4
115

1, 152 1, 307
145
169
832
849
126
255
32
51

683
189
86
272
136

24
1
11
12
“

163
35
11
89
28

72
8
33
10
21

167
34
39
63
31

5, 155 10,869
898 2 ,2 7 8
177
238
3 ,6 6 9 7 ,7 8 8
411
565

5 ,0 2 3
663
135
3 ,7 6 3
462

$ 3 . 20 $ 3 . 30 $ 3 . 40

$ 3 . 50
and
$ 3 . 30 $ 3 . 40 $ 3. 50 ' over

M ain tenan ce and
pow erplant— Continued
M en— Continued
M e c h a n ic s, m ain tenan ce — —
N o r t h e a s t ------------------------------South ----------------------------------—
N orth C e n t r a l ---------------------W e st .............................................-

60 , 325
1 9 ,9 6 6
13, 80 4
2 0 ,2 8 2
6, 273

$ 2 . 81
2. 75
2. 65
2 .9 3 .
2 .9 7

M illw r ig h ts ----------------------------- —
N o r t h e a s t ------------ —----------——
South ----------------------------------—
North C en tral ---------------------W e st __________________________

24,
6,
3,
14,

98 6
00 2
460
693
831

, 2.
2.
2.
3.
3.

98
88
96
03
05

O ile r s ____________________________
N o r t h e a s t ------------------. . . — —
South - --------------- ---------------- N orth C en tral --------------------W e s t ...............................................

14,
4,
3,
5,
1,

90 2
853
217
508
324

2.
2.
2.
2.
2.

P a in te r s , m ain tenan ce — — ~
N o r t h e a s t ---------------------------—
South ------------------- --------------N orth C en tral — --------------- —
W e st -------------------------------------- -

163
25
133
5

218
2
201
15

_

_

_
_
-

_
_
-

2
_
2
-

26
10
16
-

164
147
14
3
-

35
31
08
53
42

1, 176
284
882
_
10

150
71
69
3
7

257
161
69
15
12

169
138
8
17
6

270
93
58
92
27

43 2
299
78
48
7

589
320
64
185
20

970
280
285
230
75

1 4 ,9 2 5
5 ,0 6 3
3, 745
4, 500
1, 617

2. 73
2. 56
2. 62
2. 94
2 .9 4

256
26
216
14

164
64
95
5

no

273
91
165
17

260
121
113
26

261
142
97
22

-

-

-

-

-

-

365
184
118
63
-

339
200
61
78
-

671
418
165
88
"

919
491
203
220
5

921
433
109
251
128

926
468
140
226
92

P ip e fit te r s , m ain tenan ce ——
N orth e a st — --------- --------------- South -------------------------------------N orth C e n t r a l ---------------------W e s t ----------------------------------------

26, 04 6
7, 855
5, 509
1 0 ,7 6 6
1 ,9 1 6

3. 01
2. 85
3. 15
3 .0 5
3 .0 6

_

_

_
_
_

_
_
_

3
_
3
-

19
1
18
_

32
29
_
3

97
89
6
2
-

172
119
33
20

142
104
19
19
-

267
209
25
29
4

596
405
42
149
-

856
446
121
229
60

P lu m b e r s , m a in te n a n c e --------N o rth e a st ----------------------------—
SOUth -l— w —--I__■iirnnrrir-jiirnnr-i__ji
N orth C e n t r a l ---------------------W e s t ---------------------------------------

2 ,7 9 8
1 ,4 1 1
362
663
362

2. 70
2. 66
2. 26
2 .9 1
2 .9 4

35
_
35

14
_
14

_

-

34
21
7
6
-

47
21
13
13

133
110
12
11

67
44
9
14

-

58
25
22
11
"

-

-

S h e e t-m e ta l w o r k e r s,
m ain tenan ce —------------------------N o r t h e a s t ------------------------------------- South ----------------------------------------------N orth C e n t r a l ------------------- --------W e s t --------------------------------------------------

6, 087
1 ,9 5 1
927
2, 640
569

2. 98
2. 86
3 .0 0
3 .0 6
2. 94

_
.
_

_
_

37
4
33

29
26
3

_

_

43
22
4
17

-

-

T o o l and d ie m a k e r s ----------------~
jsjn r f h e a s t __________________
South -----------------------------------------------N orth C en tral — ----------------------W e a t --------------------------------------------------

4 8 , 89 4
15, 390
2 ,4 6 4
2 6 ,4 8 9
4 , 551

3. 16
3. 00
2 ,9 9
3. 26
3. 23

_
_

7
_

_

_

-

569
429
47
91
2

S ee footnotes at end of table.




95
_
95
_
-

-

-

36
74
-

-

-

-

22
_
16
6
-

62
4
53
5
-

56
36
20

_

5
5

_

_

6
4
2

_

_

-

23
14
4
5

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

68
44
23
1
-

7

_

_
_

_

_
_

7

_

7

_

46
25
21

-

-

-

-

-

102
94
6
2

251
208
19
24

"

-

-

"

-

■

“

-

_

-

“

316
181
95
40
-

*

"

-

741
131
164
373
73

149 4 ,9 1 9
323
800
328
512
762 2, 175
73 6 1, 432

4, 510
907
1, 356
1 ,8 8 7
360

3 ,8 1 1 1 ,9 9 0
388
549
837
323
2, 440
920
146
198

397
105
86
204
2

572
212
51
308
1

809
331
150
210
118

1, 364 1, 533
672
430
255
205
453
408
226
248

1 ,0 1 1
264
220
389
138

960 1, 217
186
257
118
281
41 4
557
242
122

1 ,0 1 6
111
498
310
97

792
413
70
266
43

1, 226
687
69
368
102

1, 329 1, 965
604
682
214
115
529
959
81
no

3, 353
1, 507
47 2
1, 047
327

3, 028 3, 967
936
669
614
386
2,
248
1, 459
286
397

5, 060
452
1 ,5 3 5
2, 786
287

118
58
22
33
5

303
158
26
87
32

410
285
14
70
41

282
191
15
52
24

299
240
16
18
25

338
70
19
114
135

207
71
16
56
64

72
20
5
45
2

34
17
6
11
-

10
6

157
80
41
32
4

230
128
25
76
1

585
307
60
82
' 136

516
237
37
159
83

517
157
58
196
106

648
213
50
321
64

759
286
175
268
30

851
180
50
574
47

1, 142
186
147
774
35

232
16
143
62
11

1, 179
698
91
390

989
576
148
238
27

1 ,9 6 1
1, 285
261
386
29

2, 318 3 ,4 0 6
1 , 306 1 ,4 5 7
186
124
76 6 1 ,7 5 0
60
75

3, 386
1, 530
157
1, 298
401

3 ,9 1 6 4, 186
1, 503 1, 439
365
216
1 ,7 1 5 1, 653
333
87 8

5, 5 2 4
1 ,0 0 1
259
2 ,9 5 6
1, 308

"

20
4
_

1 ,1 1 1
562
299
185
65

11

Table A-2. Plant Occupations’ by Region— Continued
(A v e r a g e h ou rly e a r n in g s 1 fo r se le c te d occu pation s in a ll m e trop olitan a r e a s

Sex, occupation,
and region

N u m b er A v e r a g e
of
h o u r ly 1 Under
w o rk ers ea rn ings $
1 .0 0

by regio n , 2 January 1961 3 )

N u m b er of w o rk ers rec eiv in g s t r a ig h t-tim e hourly earn ings of—
$ 1 . 00 $ 1 . 10 $ 1 . 20

$ 1 . 30 $ 1 . 40 $ 1. 50

$ 1 . 60

$ 1. 70

$ 1 .8 0

$

.9 0

$ 2 . 00

$ 2 . 10

$ 2 . 20

$ 2 . 30

$ 2 . 40

$ 2 . 50

$ 2 . 60

$ 2 . 70

$ 2 . 80

$ 2. 90

$ 1 . 10 $ 1 . 20 $ 1 . 30

$ 1 .4 0 $ 1 . 50 $ 1 . 60

$ 1 .7 0

$ 1 . 80

$ 1 .9 0

$ 2 . 00

$ 2 . 10

$ 2 . 20

$ 2 . 30

$ 2 . 40

$ 2 . 50

$ 2 . 60

$ 2 . 70

$ 2 . 80

$ 2 . 90

$ 3 . 00

1

$ 3 . 00
and
over

C ustod ial and m a te r ia l
m ovem en t
M en
E le v a to r o p e r a to r s,
p a s s e n g e r ---------------------N o r t h e a s t ------------------S o u t h ________ —- ___ _
North C en tral ----------W e st ----------------------------

1 1 ,6 9 8
7, 192
1 ,0 7 8
2, 631
797

$ 1 .7 1
1 .8 0
.9 6
1. 80
1. 52

713
24
47 2
217

G uards ----------------------------N orth e ast ---------------- —
South __ __ ___ ___ ____
N orth C e n t r a l ----------W e s t ...............................

46 , 661
1 7 ,0 2 7
6, 612
1 7 ,0 8 7
5 ,9 3 5

2. 18
2 .0 0
2. 03
2. 37
2. 33

11

J a n ito r s, p o r te r s , and
c le a n e r s ---------------------— 194, 372
62, 339
N o r t h e a s t ------------------4 1 ,7 0 7
South -------------------------N orth C en tral ----------- 6 6 ,4 2 7
W e st ---------------------------23, 899

1 .7 6
1 .7 9
1. 35
1 .9 3
1 .9 4

6 ,7 9 9
259
5, 527
980
33

O r d er f i l l e r s ------------- N o r t h e a s t ------------------South --------------------------North C e n t r a l ----------W e st ----------------------------

77 , 031
22, 712
15, 681
28, 557
1 0 ,0 8 1

2.
2.
1.
2.
2.

P a c k e r s , shipping -------N o r t h e a s t ------------------South --------------------------North C en tral ----------W e st ----------------------------

51, 627
1 9 ,8 7 7
6, 357
21, 864
3, 529

2. 01
1 .6 0
2. 18
2. 25

Shipping c le r k s -------------N o r t h e a s t _____________
South -------------------------North C en tral ----------W e st ----------------------------

1 7 ,9 7 9
6, 303
3, 296
6, 685
1, 695

2.
2.
2.
2.
2.

R eceivin g c le r k s ----------N o r t h e a s t ------------------South --------------------------North C en tral ----------W e st __________________

23,
7,
4,
8,
3,

2. 18
2. 13
1 .8 7
2. 31
2. 37

Shipping and rec eiv in g
c le r k s ---------------------------N o rth e a st
— --------South _________________
North C en tral —----- —
W e st ----------------------------

18, 95 4
5, 898
4, 378
6, 776
1 ,9 0 2

2.
2.
2.
2.
2.

L a b o r e r s , m a te r ia l
h a n d lin g ------------------------- 24 5, 792
N orth e ast — -----75 , 202
South _____ _
5 0 ,0 6 2
North C e n t r a l ----------- 9 5 , 827
W e st ------------------------- — 24, 701

2.
2.
1.
2.
2.

T r u ck d r iv e r s 4— --------— 204, 157
N o r t h e a s t ------------------65 , 133
South — ——
— —— 4 6 , 963
N orth C e n t r a l ----------- 6 0 ,5 7 7
31, 48 4
W e st ---------------------------T r u c k d r iv e r s, light
(under 1 V2 tonsj —
N o r t h e a s t -------------South --------------------North C e n t r a l ----W e st ----------------------

22,
4,
7,
6,
3,

516
476
634
057
349

369
962
309
568
530

1 . 9 2

31
26
05
43
50

_

4
7
'

28
-

28
-

41
-

41
_
-

545
249
145
70
81

608
190
71
253
94

1, 213 2, 153
800 1 ,0 5 4
349
489
61
610
3
"

1, 09 2
813
166
109
4

12, 248
1. 853
8, 594
1 ,4 9 4
307

122
37

215
102

33
17

5
3

7
7

_

_

2
2

-

_

_

_

_

_

1, 159

85

2

_

_

-

13
3

_
_

-

110
3

_
_

-

-

-

-

-

758 1, 013
713
447
267
196
40
91
4
13

716
361
162
133
60

1, 167
341
320
233
27 3

1 ,0 8 4
359
254
397
74

1, 976
895
350
67 3
58

2, 628
1, 333
366
598
331

3, 959
1, 826
516
810
807

2, 305
1, 144
243
681
237

3, 061
1, 158
321
1, 179
403

4, 257
1, 736
383
1, 509
629

4, 564
907
714
1, 511
1, 432

3, 211
486
345
1, 844
536

5, 812
1 ,8 6 7
371
3, 121
453

3, 471
516
301
2, 292
362

1 ,7 3 7
190
262
1, 138
147

240
31
101
9
99

233
50
132
41
10

9 , 158 L 0 ,642 1 0 ,9 7 2 8 ,9 4 9 10, 649 12, 365 11, 608 14, 821 13, 04 4 1 3 ,9 9 3 15, 765 1 7 ,2 9 4 12, 802
2, 101 2, 795 4, 426 3, 332 4 ,0 5 4 4, 986 4, 505 7, 283 4, 802 5, 775 5, 649 6, 945
1, 870
4, 785 4, 495 3, 036 2, 549 2, 231
1, 318 1, 290
1, 001
967
1, 626
93 4 1, 058
1, 508
1 ,9 2 6 2, 658 2 ,7 1 9 2 ,4 9 1 3, 492 4 , 156 3 ,7 0 1
4 , 159 4, 670 4 , 606 5, 169 7, 238 8 , 0 30
346
694
2, 112 2, 378 2, 605
872 1 ,9 0 5
577
1, 986 4, 013 2, 053 1, 394
791

7, 742
907
483
5, 394
958

3, 615
435
244
2, 511
425

1, 180
150
20
676
334

331
62
41
215
13

219
16

' 101
82

75
52

101
102

18
1

23
-

5, 302
1, 286
804
2, 05 4
1, 158

8, 671
2, 383
554
4, 911
823

8, 243
2, 146
468
3, 213
2, 416

8, 569
2, 330
42 4
4, 263
1, 552

4, 107
903
99
2, 260
845

1 ,9 9 2
521
19
867
585

830
158
10
343
319

437
257
65
90
25

1, 119
696

1, 260 1, 223
312
421
616
660
330
119
23
2

1, 741
645
721
320
55

2, 563
1 ,0 1 6
531
931
85

2, 333
1, 360
350
566
57

3, 40 3
1 ,9 0 1
139
1, 228
135

3, 960
1, 869
115
1, 800
176

3, 243
1, 266
201
1, 637
139

4, 365
1, 285
182
2, 351
547

4, 296
919
176
2, 618
583

5, 243
1, 172
307
3 ,0 9 9
665

4, 071
627
131
2, 733
580

1, 206
372
105
642
87

616
280
17
290
29

306
51
8
193
54

307
73
103
116
15

637
208
44
383
2

106
14
84
8

606
306
238
52
10

2, 713
1, 555
268
799
91
603
173
322
69
39

4, 055
2, 726
201
1 ,0 0 0
128

12
4
7
1

1, 799 2, 246
645 1, 174
665
776
340
369
67
9
232
261
76
95
150
126
35
11

867
330
280
191
66

1 ,0 5 3
546
166
341

1, 394
516
220
539
119

1, 543
701
210
463
169

1 ,6 0 3
448
169
840
146

1, 295
395
125
60 2
173

1, 522
384
211
742
185

2, 138
539
82
1, 244
273

1 ,0 4 9
390
5’6
420
183

535
179
69
237
50

348
119
54
134
41

1 ,0 0 9
309
192
334
174

186
237

-

-

-

596
235
283
68
10

-

1, 198
544
243
354
57

222
78
128
13
3

485
142
255
54
34

565
143
344
68
10

577
123
370
71
13

817
340
309
114
54

1 ,0 2 4
387
399
171
67

1, 137
459
386
228
64

1, 333
627
362
274
70

1, 258
517
189
465
87

1, 532
601
287
537
107

2, 244
257
685
633

1, 670
626
186
678
180

2. 08 4
603
193
879
409

2, 104
670
155
908
371

1 ,7 7 9
326
136
1 ,0 8 3
234

2, 097
514
200
1 ,0 2 6
357

980
233
80
335
332

482
85
53
269
75

326
55
105
100
66

611
251
88
89
183

158
71
82
3
2

165
54
95
14
2

248
84
117
43
4

325
33
261
20
11

552
191
205
149
7

585
20 2
246
134
3

606
142
294
154
16

898
304
335
246
13

898
415
197
247
39

1, 117
422
270
378
47

1 ,4 8 2
747
253
391
91

1, 514
80 3
218
353
140

1 ,5 3 9
612
241
472
214

1 ,8 9 0
455
675
508
252

3, 153
600
376
1, 793
384

1, 375
282
89
959
45

769
163
119
297
190

561
56
59
154

396
69
26
121
180

707
193
204
202
108

7, 601 6, 735
851
998
6, 131 5, 237
613
458
6
42

6, 555
1, 505
4, 249
720
81

7,
1,
3,
1,

8, 463 10, 120 1 1 ,5 8 6 15, 986 13, 655 16, 228 23, 925 26, 741 2 9 , 1 0 1 18, 821 14, 546
3, 324 4, 061 4, 651
5 ,9 6 0
3 ,9 5 5
8, 748 7 , 503 1 0 ,0 0 1
4, 049
5, 286 3, 376
2, 872 2, 296 2, 012 2, 246 2, 443 2, 361
1 ,9 0 3
2, 494 2, 237
1, 492
1, 137
1 ,7 2 0
3 ,0 9 5 4, 400 7, 075 6, 030 7, 113 11, 263 14, 314 12, 327 7, 205 8, 603
523
705
547
668
1, 133 2 ,7 9 9
2, 422 3, 021 4, 279 4, 093
1, 430

4, 443
1 ,0 8 8
28
2, 712
615

3, 633
352
104
2, 585
592

1, 551
413
30
1 ,0 0 0
108

3, 541
1 ,7 8 8
158
690
903

2, 57 3 3, 312
118
2, 508 3, 141
65
22
31
"

3 ,0 9 5
216
2, 739
123
17

2, 722 2, 858
234
368
2, 160 2, 176
20 3
257
125
57

4, 232
724
2, 760
465
283

2, 930
57 3
1, 720
365
272

3, 310
725
1, 702
637
246

3, 679
612
1, 896
767
404

3, 667
1 ,0 5 8
1, 305
771
533

993
88
858

1 ,0 8 6
95
900
86
5

1 ,0 0 2
128
736
80
58

1, 242
305
652
202
83

993
185
570
164
74

1 ,0 1 0
259
312
272
167

853
267
279
123
184

790
349
103
90
248

-

-

9

7

10
12
65
25
33

430
2
383
45

2. 47
2. 60
1 .9 8
2. 62
2. 63

817

_

-

9

7

-

-

-

-

1 ,0 9 1

_

_

356

1 ,0 4 1
50

_

1, 317
158

4, 846
1, 616
658
2, 174
398

136
27
99
10

8

1, 370
1, 249
1
35
85

4, 728
1, 595
777
1, 816
540

53

364

1, 609
1, 563
5
18
23

4, 458
1, 859
593
1, 644
362

28
21
11
39
53

2 .0 5
2. 14
1 .4 7
2. 47
2. 36

336
290
3
34
9

3, 20 3
1, 339
442
1, 192
230

-

79 4
15
8

329
270
8
29
22

4 ,0 1 5
1, 328
1, 586
866
235

-

-

479
359
36
48
36

3, 284
1, 045
1, 386
700
153

9

-

1 ,8 8 5
1, 671
8
54
152

3, 287
1, 015
1, 291
931
50

9

-

359
141
13
84
121

2, 09 4 2, 812
330 1, 105
1, 378 1, 330
346
298
40
79

_

53

712
457
7
191
57

2, 036
419
1, 352
254
11

-

_

345
225
23
74
23

1, 107 1, 863
123
258
915 1, 502
84
65
4
19

-

See footnotes at end of table.




11
13
65
25
38

-

707
178
286
155
88

-

1 6

31

027 7, 294
86 4 2, 397
654 3, 758
940
338
171
199

639
91
463
79
6

7,
3,
2,
1,

812
030
837
581
364

4,
1,
1,
1,

6 6 9

937
373
468
713
383

5, 377
1 ,8 7 0
1, 511
1, 147
849

792
287
148
195
162

696
169
172
221
134

6,
2,
1,
1,

2 9 2

132 12, 104 15, 607 28, 667 31, 050 18, 760 20, 961 1 0 ,0 7 1 17, 296
065 4, 475 8, 060 13, 736 9, 549
3, 850 6, 749
1, 637 7, 141
446 2, 658
1, 95 4 2 ,9 7 9
690
190
323
6, 189 4, 654
841
3, 341
3, 268 4 ,9 1 9 1 1 ,3 8 1
8, 589 10, 81 3. 5, 648 4, 227
780
1, 630 2, 325 7, 03 3 3, 931
1, 667 2, 709 2, 596 5, 605

1, 669
753
265
374
277

1 ,0 8 0
218
82
43 4
346

1, 265
526
27
314
398

1, 580
522
140
627
291

1 ,4 6 0
367
64
839
190

1 ,0 5 1
247
67
705
32

1 ,0 7 9
45
70
725
239

271
58
3
98
112

1, 363
3
1
874
485

12

Table A-2. Plant Occupations by Region— Continued
(A v e r a g e h ourly e a r n in g s 1 fo r se le c te d occu pation s in a ll m e tro p o lita n a r e a s

S ex , occu p ation ,
and regio n

N um ber A v e r a g e
of
h o u r ly 1 Under
w ork ers earnings $
1 .0 0

by regio n , 2 January 1961 3)

N u m b er of w o rk ers receivin g s t r a ig h t-tim e h ou rly earn ings 1of—
$ 1 . 00 $ 1 . 10 $ 1 . 20

$ 1 . 30 $ 1 . 4 0 $ 1 . 50

$ 1 . 60

$ 1 .7 0

$ 1 .8 0

$ 1 .9 0

$ 2 .0 0

$ 2 . 10

$ 2 . 20

$ 2 . 30

$ 2 . 40

$ 2 . 50

$ 2 . 60

$ 2 .7 0

$ 2 . 80

$ 2 .9 0

$ 1 . 10 $ 1 . 20 $ 1 . 30

$ 1 . 4 0 $ 1 . 50 $ 1 . 60

$ 1 .7 0

$ 1 .8 0

$ 1 . 90

$ 2 .0 0

$ 2 . 10

$ 2 . 20

$ 2 . 30

$ 2 . 40

$ 2 . 50

$ 2 . 60

$ 2 . 70

$ 2 .8 0

$ 2 . 90

$ 3 . 00

$ 3 . 00
and
ove r

12, 818 12, 263
6, 098 4, 021
90 5
3, 093
4, 318
1 ,9 7 9
3, 836
831

7, 193
1 ,7 9 9
2, 416
2, 555
423

3 ,8 9 9
637
155
2, 813
294

1 ,4 8 8
249
19
500
720

5, 249
2, 190
183
916
1, 960

C ustod ial and m a te r ia l
m ove m e n t— Continued
M en — Continued
T r u c k d r iv e r s 4—
Continued
T r u c k d r iv e r s , m e dium ( I 7 2 to and
including 4 tons) —
N o r t h e a s t ------------South --------------------N orth C e n t r a l ----W e s t ------ ---------------

7 6 ,5 4 4
23, 082
2 1 ,6 1 6
2 0 ,3 8 4
1 1 ,4 6 2

T r u c k d r iv e r s, heavy
(over 4 tons,
tr a ile r type) ----------N o r t h e a s t -------------South —____________
N orth C e n t r a l ----W e st ----------------------

55, 190
1 7 ,9 6 6
9 , 136
2 0 ,0 4 2
8, 046

2.
2.
2.
2.
2.

T r u c k d r iv e r s , heavy
(over 4 tons, other
than tr a ile r type) —
N o r t h e a s t -------------South --------------------N orth C e n t r a l ___
W e st
.......................

2 3 ,2 8 8
9 ,9 7 8
4, 373
5, 342
3, 595

2.
2.
2.
2.
2.

T r u c k e r s , pow er
(fork lift)
N o rth e a st — --------- ----S o u th ---------------------- ——
N orth C e n t r a l ----------W e s t -------- >.------------------

1, 385 1,
213
1 ,0 37 1,
115
20

583
125
162
208
88

1, 143
205
622
146
170

1, 182
192
698
274
18

1, 170
231
527
302
110

1, 515
468
536
361
150

2, 45 4
669
752
884
149

2, 471
91 6
72 6
49 4
335

2, 597
749
675
923
250

5, 839
1 ,7 3 0
1 ,7 3 3
1, 586
790

6, 222
2, 422
617
1, 868
1, 315

-

306
_
250
42
14

348
26
262
60
-

431
23
381
27
-

343
24
247
44
28

659
146
413
89
11

833
17
627
100
89

447
49
219
134
45

812
162
237
357
56

879
166
483
136
94

821
221
202
341
57

1 ,6 7 4
700
432
442
100

4, 075
2, 79 4
446
516
319

7, 201
3, 323
1, 176
1 ,0 0 0
1, 702

9,
2,
1,
3,
1,

903 5, 353
98 4 1 ,0 3 4
635 1 ,2 8 7
941 2, 528
504
343

9, 183
3, 801
43
4, 339
1, 000

6, 157
569
41
4, 331
1, 216

5, 118
1 ,9 2 7
108
1, 615
1 ,4 6 8

210
_
210
_
-

74
_
68
6
-

78
20
52
6
-

376
10
363
_
3

766
218
477
27
44

181
14
159
8
-

253
92
110
1
50

537
79
402
36
20

583
145
337
11
90

492
118
218
152
4

675
235
45
122
273

402
119
67
65
151

2, 198
1, 343
337
247
271

2, 022
98 6
631
264
141

2, 806
1 ,9 5 9
115
517
215

1, 483 2, 548
610
500
324
366
366 1, 313
183
369

2, 869
1, 033
12
1, 117
707

1 ,4 7 1
617
5
390
459

3, 192
1, 880
3
694
615

268
_
265
3
-

778
_
760
18
-

819
25
791
3
-

795
100
661
34
-

860
185
618
50
7

97 6
187
761
26
2

1, 263
377
746
89
51

1, 43 6
397
747
214
78

2, 314
97 4
787
418
135

2, 685
1 ,4 1 8
385
739
143

4, 00 2
1, 437
830
1, 566
169

5, 349
1, 590
1 ,0 8 2
2, 437
240

6, 282
2, 04 4
456
2, 637
1, 145

5, 533
1 ,7 5 8
314
2, 47 4
987

6, 487
1, 300
707
3, 314
1, 166

14, 600
2, 846
881
9, 747
1, 126

7, 763 3, 73 4
1 ,4 4 0 1 ,0 2 9
476
789
3, 948 1, 186
730
1, 899

1, 778
269
304
573
632

624
71
63
344
146

2, 135
772
238
644
481

_
_
_
-

87
_
87
_
-

80
_
80
_
-

113
_
113

79
78
1
-

113
12
101
_

-

71
_
50
21
-

-

411
112
236
61
2

278
142
64
64
8

311
57
140
111
3

780
298
241
239
2

1, 097
693
142
227
35

1, 281
475
386
297
123

1, 706
497
274
609
326

2, 279
576
138
1, 326
239

1, 44 4
323
103
72 4
294

2, 356
353
143
1, 590
270

1, 144
597
95
343
109

663
252
59
119
233

282
67
127
88
-

335
82
130
67
56

1 ,0 3 9
505
53
332
149

1. 62
1 .7 1
1. 30
1 .6 7
1 .9 4

551
18
421
102
10

3, 106
989
1, 781
305
31

2, 932 1, 848
607
667
73 2
1, 214
384
1, 098
13
65

2, 296
694
686
847
69

4 , 05 4 2, 021
818
987
395
294
2, 607
810
65
99

1, 881
846
271
591
173

2, 101
1 ,0 4 9
161
718
173

1, 564
718
215
559
72

1, 675
813
102
670
90

2, 170
1, 268
218
640
44

1 ,6 2 9
815
114
46 4
236

1, 132
553
80
418
81

1, 148
393
34
654
67

779
251
29
344
155

668
228
69
267
104

267
106
16
117
28

81
4
61
16

53
5
6
42

16
4
12
-

_
_
_
-

1 0 ,6 9 1
2 ,7 4 0
3, 136
3, 566
1, 249

1. 18
1 .4 2
. 81
1. 19
1. 58

3, 01 2
93
2, 158
749
12

1, 890
549
510
661
170

1, 061
341
259
415
46

J a n ito r s, p o r te r s , and
c l e a n e r s -------- -— ——__
N orth e a st
--------- _
South _______________ ,
N orth C e n t r a l --------- W e st
---------------- ---- _

56, 151
22, 088
1 0 ,4 8 6
1 8 ,1 1 8
5 ,4 5 9

1 .4 7
1 .5 4
1 .0 4
1. 56
1. 69

3, 760
193
3, 151
396
20

6,
1,
3,
1,

4,
I,
1,
1,

P a c k e r s , shipping
N o rth e a st —
— South _________,_____ _
North C en tral - —
W e s t ........................

1 4 ,2 7 8
6 ,0 8 6
1, 202
5 ,9 6 1
1 ,0 2 9

1 .6 7
1. 55
1. 39
1 .7 9
1 .9 6

113
_
60
53

$ 2 . 40
2. 59
1 .9 7
2. 53
2. 59

445
_
430
15
-

1, 184
_
1, 169
15
-

64
68
22
74
75

_
_
_
_
-

104
_
104
_
-

262
_
262
_
-

281
_
281

56
69
01
70
67

5
_
5
-

67
_
67
_
-

7 0 , 493
1 8 ,2 1 9
12, 673
3 0 ,4 6 4
9 , 137

2. 33
2. 32
1 .9 5
2. 44
2. 52

12
_
12
-

T r u c k e r s , pow er (other
than fo r k lift) — ----- — .
N o rth e a st — --------------S o u t h --------------------------N orth C e n t r a l ----------W e s t ----------------------------

1 5 ,9 4 9
5 ,0 4 1
2, 840
6, 219
1, 849

2.
2.
2.
2.
2.

36
39
07
43
51

W atch m en ------ -------- -------N o rth e a st — -------- ----S o u t h --------------------------N orth C en tral
W e st ....................

3 1 ,9 7 2
11, 833
6, 832
11, 67 4
1, 633

E le v a to r o p e r a to r s,
p a sse n g e r --------------------N orth e ast
----- ------South ----- -------------- North C en tra l ----------W e st
-------------------------

1, 679 1, 575
30
78
1, 643 1, 466
31
6
-

1, 190
60
1 ,0 5 2
75
3

W om en

1
2
3
4

"

223
127
805
232
59
655
194
204
227
30

595
148
30
371
46

497
147
2
235
113

860
469
17
107
267

384
95
26
42
221

240
164
11
17
48

138
106
8
18
6

150
99
11
24
16

216
79
12
125

46
29
17
-

42
1
12
10
19

10
10
-

5
5
-

-

-

8
8

-

-

4 , 361
2, 251
298
1, 610
202

4, 040 6,
1, 323 4,
335
2, 239
143

152
251
196
995
710

8, 348
6, 513
62
761
1, 012

6, 630
820
168
4 , 317
1, 325

1 ,4 2 0
547
76
612
185

1, 345
324
73
672
276

1 ,0 9 2
351
92
419
230

1, 707
643
70
524
470

1, 187
291
50
681
165

853
170
80
512
91

130
32
3
89
6

79
2
76
1

31
25
6

2
2
-

-

-

-

1, 062
649
104
299
10

1, 242 1, 081
805
349
34
68
68 4
357
14
12

2, 105
1, 421
213
413
58

1 ,0 0 3
372
55
549
27

1, 361
370
11
915
65

613
104
9
361
139

597
156
27
206
208

71 4
119
45
240
310

225
86
25
79
35

619
111
448
60

648
83
13
549
3

96
16
64
16

53
14
39
"

22
11
11

14
14

3
3

1
_
_
1

“

“

879
291
64
472
52

658
119
28
411
100

353 4, 438
237 2, 011
558
469
240 1 ,7 1 8
407
151
753 1, 298
347
879
165
169
205
244
36
6

E xc lu d es p r e m iu m pay fo r o v e r tim e , and fo r w ork on w eekend s, h o lid a y s, and late sh ifts.
F o r defin ition of r e g io n s, see footnote 2, table A - l .
A v e r a g e m onth o f r e fe r e n c e .
Data w ere c o lle cte d during the p eriod July I9 60 through June 1961.
Includes a ll d r iv e r s r e g a r d le s s of s iz e and type of tru ck op erated .




13
Table A- 3. Office Occupations by Industry Division
(A v e r a g e w eekly e a r n in g s 1 fo r se le c te d occupations in a ll m e trop olitan a r e a s by in du stry d iv isio n , January 1961 2)
N onm anufacturing
T otal
S ex, occupation, and grade

W h o lesa le
trade

P ub lic
u tilitie s 3

N u m ber of w o rk ers

R e ta il
tra de

Fin ance 4

S e r v ic e s

Nonm anufacturing

W eek ly
H ou rs

E arn ­
ings

H ours

E arn ­
ings

H ou rs

E arn ­
ings

H ours

E arn ­
ings

H ours

E arn ­
ings

H ours

$ 9 3 . 50
74 . 00
9 4 . 00
-

37. 6
37. 6

$ 9 2 . 00
7 0 . 50

3 8 .0
37. 8

$ 9 6 . 50
75 . 00

H ours

E arn ­
in g s

50
50
00
50

39. 6
38. 9
40 . 2
-

E arn ­
ings

fa c turing

T otal

14, 976
9 ,5 6 6
12, 013
2, 221

5, 275 4 , 102
3, 445 2 ,7 2 4
246 10, 731
1, 315
300

P ub lic W h o le ­
R eta il
u t ili­
sa le
trade
ties 3 trade

Finance4

S erv­
ic e s

O ffic e c le r ic a l
M en
C le r k s:
A ccou n tin g, c la s s A --------------------A ccou n tin g, c la s s B ----- --------------O r d e r -------------------------------- —-------------P a y r o ll — ----------------------------------------D u p lica tin g -m a c h in e o p era to rs
(M im e ograp h or D i t t o ) --------------------O f fir. boys ______________________________
T a b u la tin g -m a ch in e o p e r a to r s:
C la ss A
-------------------------------------- C la ss B —_______________ _________ _—
C la s s C ---------------------------------------------

5
4
6
6

$ 1 1 0 . 50
8 8 . 50
1 0 2 .0 0
9 9 . 00

3 8 .9
38. 9
3 9 .9
39. 3

$ 9 9 .5 0
82 . 00
9 3 .0 0
9 6 . 00

39. 4
39. 6

$ 1 0 5 . 00
9 2 . 00

39. 6

9 8 . 50

39. 2
39. 3
3 9 .9
39. 7

-

-

38. 5

86 . 50

1 3 ,9 5 8
6 , 309
7 , 930
4 , 153

39. 8
38. 4

7 2 . 50
6 1 .0 0

38. 2
3 7 .9

66 . 50
5 8 .0 0

39. 0
38. 8

77. 50
68. 00

39. 1
37. 8

65 . 50
59. 00

38. 7

55 . 50

38. 0
37. 5

59. 00
54. 50

36. 8
37. 4

65. 00
54. 50

418
7 ,9 0 3

700
13, 855

175
2, 630

3 9 .7
39. 4
39. 1

1 0 9 .5 0
9 4 . 50
80 . 00

38. 5
38. 6
38. 4

10 2. 50
8 7 .0 0
7 1 .0 0

39. 5
39. 7

9 4 . 50
83. 00

-

39. 5
39. 4

9 1 .0 0
7 5 . 50

39. 3
38. 8

8 5 .0 0
69. 00

37. 5
3 7 .9
37. 7

9 4 . 00
81 . 50
66. 50

_
-

4, 654
6, 428
2, 388

4, 336
9, 225
5, 222

39. 2
38. 8

69 . 50
71 . 50

39. 1
39. 2

6 6 . 50
62. 00

39. 5
37. 5

7 2 . 00
7 1 .0 0

39. 2
39. 0

69 . 50
69. 00

39. 3
39. 4

5 6 .0 0
58. 00

36. 8
-

64. 50
-

38. 5
40. 2

67. 00
63. 00

5, 011
1, 79 4

39. 2
39. 3

82. 00
70 . 50

39. 0
39. 0

73 . 50
6 1 .0 0

39. 2
39. 3

83 . 00
74. 50

39. 4
39. 4

79 . 00
67. 50

39. 9
3 9 .9

75 . 00
60. 50

38. 3
38. 8

67. 50
59. 00

39. 0
38. 4

80. 00
69. 00

4, 970
9, 070

39.
39.
39.
39.
39.
39.
39.

9 0 . 00
7 3 . 00
77 . 50
63. 50
7 2 . 00
7 6 . 00
7 8 .0 0

38. 8
38. 7
38. 1
38. 5
39. 4
38. 9
3 8 .9

83 . 50
6 5 .0 0
67. 50
54. 50
6 7 .0 0
76 . 00
7 1 . 50

39.
38.
39.
39.

3
7
1
2

91 . 00
7 1 .0 0
81. 50
64. 00

86. 00
7 0 . 00
7 1 .0 0
58. 00
72 . 00
81. 50
71 . 50

39.
39.
39.
39.
39.
39.
38.

78 .
61 .
60.
50.
59.
67.
67.

77 . 50
60. 50
64. 50
5 3 .0 0

38. 2
38. 4
38. 1
3 8 .9

85.
66.
68.
56.

82. 50
86. 00

0
4
6
4
4
0
3

37. 9
38. 0
37. 7
3 7 .9

39. 0
39. 3

39.
39.
38.
39.
39.
39.
39.

37. 8
37. 7

76 . 50
66. 50

39. 0
38. 7

50 13, 581
50 22, 717
50
5, 218
00 11, 816
8 ,9 4 5
73. 00 2 0 ,2 8 6
72. 50 1 1 ,8 2 1

39. 5
39. 4
39. 3
3 9 .0
39. 3
39. 5
39. 1

70.
75 .
61.
94.
79.
88.
80 .

38.
38.
38.
38.
38.
39.
39.

8
6
3
2
5
0
4

61. 00
69. 00
5 5 .0 0
87 . 50
7 3 .0 0
8 5 . 00
66. 00

38.
39.
38.
38.
39.
38.
39.

6
0
7
9
3
9
3

6 4 .0 0
76. 50
61. 50
9 6 . 50
8 1 .0 0
9 1 .0 0
82 . 50

3 9 .6
39. 4
39. 3
38. 5
38. 9
38. 7

61 . 50
73 . 50
55 . 50
9 0 . 00
74 . 50
7 3 . 50

38. 9
39. 1
39. 5
39. 3
38. 9
39. 7

5 9 .0 0
65 . 00
52. 50
82 . 00
67 . 00
56 . 50

38.
37.
37.
37.
37.
38.
37.

4
8
7
8
9
0
8

5 7 .0 0
63. 00
53. 00
83 . 50
67 . 00
7 7 . 50
68. 00

38.
38.
38.
37.
37.
39.
40 .

7 0 . 50
2 ,0 4 3
2, 046
328
477
7 1 .0 0 23, 369 35, 347
9 , 126 5, 745
55. 50
3, 894
9 ,9 8 5
1, 134
1, 727
88. 00 81 , 088 1 0 0 ,6 1 9 16, 201 18, 123
74 . 00 6 0 ,7 6 0
6 8 ,8 7 1 1 7 ,2 4 8 13, 131
86. 50
4 , 822
4, 133
400
691
57. 00
7, 846 24, 082
4, 108 2, 426

39. 3

69 . 50

39. 1

67 . 50

39. 5

70 . 50

39. 3

69. 50

40 . 3

6 1 .0 0

37. 8

65. 50

38. 5

68. 50

-

3 9 .6
39. 6

8 1 .0 0
70 . 00

39. 6
39. 4

79 . 50
6 5 .0 0

86. 50
75 . 50
62. 00

-

-

39.
39.
39.
39.

$100.
82 .
93.
94.

_
-

1, 253
65 4
900
148

3, 238
2, 179
28
153

1 ,0 3 8
548
108
246

114
2, 218

61
776

193
5 ,9 6 7

157
2, 195

919
1, 835
788

90 5
1, 800
70 4

263
622
394

1 ,9 3 7
4, 468
3, 114

284
450
210

8, 100
5, 576

2, 503
838

2, 507
627

1, 892
3, 082

602
239

594
788

7, 890
39, 655

496
899

1 ,9 9 9
5, 847

1, 362 3, 586
4, 036 27, 438

435
1, 413

3, 440 4, 451
6, 248
7 , 304 12, 521 14, 691
1, 472
508 6, 637
5, 47 3 5, 707 2 6 ,4 1 0
5, 122 3, 619
101
2, 158 3, 930
2, 347
5 ,9 4 4 8, 779
1 ,9 9 9

2, 396
4, 335
1, 795
4 ,0 4 1
545
2, 117
1, 327

W om en
B ille r s , m achine:
B illin g m a c h i n e --------- j-------------------Bookkeeping m achine ------------------B o ok k e ep in g-m ach in e o p e r a to r s:
C la s s A --------------------------------------------C la s s B __________________ ____ _______
C le r k s:
A ccou nting, c la s s A --------------------A ccou nting, c la s s B --------------------F ile , c la s s A ----------------------------------F ile , c la s s B ----------------------------------O rd e r -----------------------------------------------------------------P a y r o ll ----- -----C om p to m eter o p e r a t o r s --------------------D u p lica tin g -m a c h in e o p era to rs
(M im e ograp h or D i t t o ) --------------------Keypunch o p e r a to r s ---------------------------O ffic e g i r l s ----------------------------------_______
S e c r e t a r i e s ________ — ___ ____________
-----------------S te n o g ra p h ers, g e n e r a l
S te n o g ra p h ers, t e c h n i c a l -----------------Sw itchboard o p e r a t o r s -------- --------------Sw itchboard o p e r a to r r ec ep tio n ists ----------------------------------—
T a b u latin g-m ach in e o p e r a to r s:
C la ss A
—
----- — ----C la ss B
------------------ -------C la s s C ____ ______ ____ __
T r a n sc r ib in g -m a c h in e o p e r a to r s,
g e n e r a l __ - _j________________ ________ T y p ists:
C la s s A ------------------------------------C la s s B ---------------------------------------------

4
4
2
1
1
4
3

00
50
50
00
50
50
00

6
3
3
4
6
4
7

00
50
00
50
50
50
00

8
5
5
5
8
5
9

22, 05 4
5, 438
51, 962 13, 07 4
11, 525
1 ,0 9 9
4 6 ,0 4 8
4, 40 4
461
9, 848
3, 375
1 3 ,9 5 9
21, 163
3, 082

13, 842

1 3, 967

1, 927

5, 313

94 4
2, 638
2, 169

729
5, 471
5, 620

175
2, 83 4
2, 611

61
510
535

716
256
269
273 1 5 ,3 6 9
1, 722
247 5, 172
687
194 37, 162 19, 402
957 2 7 ,0 6 4 6 ,0 7 5
10 1, 223 1, 719
4, 339 6, 173 6, 912

3,
1,
9,
4,

2, 396

2, 487

1, 818

50
443.
530

419
1, 524
1, 781

18
156
163

539

7, 855

1, 827

1, 685 15, 279
6, 397 42 , 685

4, 249
7, 988

39. 6
39. 4
38. 7

1 0 0 .0 0
87 . 50
7 4 . 00

38. 4
38. 2
38. 2

9 1 . 50
7 7 . 50
66. 50

38. 1
38. 0

39. 3

7 0 . 50

38. 4

6 6 .0 0

39. 6

82. 50

39. 1

7 0 . 00

39. 4

6 4 .0 0

37. 9

63. 00

38. 4

67. 50

8, 226

14, 770

592

3, 956

39. 4
39. 4

77. 50
66. 50

38. 1
38. 3

69 . 50
59. 00

39. 0
39. 1

75. 50
66. 00

38. 8
39. 1

74 . 00
63. 00

39. 6
39. 4

66 . 50
58. 00

37. 6
37. 8

66. 00
57. 00

37. 8
38. 6

73 . 00
62. 00

2 2 ,9 7 3
34, 501

29, 728
72 , 09 4

5, 211
5, 902

3, 236
9, 062

4
7
6
9

156. 00
126. 00
9 3 . 50
7 1 .0 0

39. 7
39. 7
39. 4
-

140. 50
1 2 0 .5 0
9 3. 50
-

_
39. 2
39. 3
-

.
1 1 8 .5 0
9 1 .0 0
-

_
39. 0
3 9 .7
-

_
1 2 2 .5 0
8 7 .0 0
-

_
_
-

39. 4
39. 8
39. 7
-

1 6 1 .0 0
7, 219
1 2 9 .0 0 3 8 ,3 6 5
9 4 . 50 20, 762
1, 819

2, 081
1 1 ,1 5 7
6, 336
46 4

394
2, 645
2, 096
170

130
749
531
2

57
370
235
11

9
115
85
29

1, 491
7, 242
3, 372
252

38. 6
38. 3

9 4 . 50
65 . 00

38. 8

1 0 1 .5 0

37. 7

103. 00
■

39. 7

82. 00

92 . 50

39. 5
'

102. 50

1, 610
580

485
515

125

394

476
45

117
20

77 . 50
6 9 .0 0

37. 6
37. 6
37. 6

P r o fe s s io n a l and tech n ical
M en
D r a ftsm e n , le a d e r ----------------------------D r a ftsm en , sen ior ----------------------------D r a ftsm en , ju nior ----------------------------T r a c e r s --------------------------------------------- —

9
8
8
8

1 4 8 .5 0
1 2 1 .0 0
9 3 . 50
77. 50

39. 7
39. 8

9 6 . 50
80 . 00

39.
39.
39.
39.

39.
39.
39.
39.

_
-

W om en
N u r s e s , in d u strial ( r e g i s t e r e d ) ------Tracers
----------------------------------------------

"

"

"

■

1 E arnin gs relate to regu lar s t r a ig h t -t im e s a la r ie s that are paid fo r standard w ork w eek s.
2 A v e r a g e month of r e fe r e n c e .
Data w ere c o lle cte d during the p eriod J u l y I 9 6 0 t h r o u g h J u n e 1 9 6 1 .
3 T r an sp ortation ,
com m u n ication ,
and other public u tilitie s.
4 F in an c e, in su ra n ce , and r e a l esta te.
NOTE:




D a sh es indicate data that do not m e e t publication c r ite r ia .

'

37. 5
■

“

7, 647
233

"

"

14
Table A -4. Plant Occupations by Industry Division
(A v era g e s t r a ig h t -t im e h ou rly ea rn ings 1 for s e le c te d occu pation s in a ll m e tro p o lita n a r e a s by in du stry d iv is io n s , January 1961 2 )
A v e r a g e h ou rly ea rn ings 1
Occupation 3

N u m b er of w o r k e r s

Nonm anufacturing
M an u facturing

W h o lesa le
R etail trade
tra de

P ublic
u tilitie s 4

T otal

Nonm anufacturing
Fin ance 5

S e r v ic e s

M an u facturing

T otal

P ublic
u tilitie s 4

W h o lesa le
R e ta il trade
trade

Fin ance 5
»

S e r v ic e s

M ain tenan ce and p ow erplan t
C a r p e n te r s, m a i n t e n a n c e ----- --------E le c t r ic ia n s , m a in t e n a n c e -------------E n g in e e r s, station ary
------------F ir e m e n , station ary b o ile r - _______
H e lp e r s , t r a d e s , m ain tenan ce -----M a c h in e -to o l o p e r a to r s ,
t o o lr o o m ________________ __________
M a c h in is ts , m ain tenan ce ---------------M e c h a n ic s, au tom otive
(m ain tenan ce) ---------------------------------M e c h a n ic s, m ain tenan ce ---------------M illw rig h ts ---------------------------- 1— ----- O ile r s .------------ - ---------------------—-------P a in t e r s , m ain tenan ce --------'— 7------P ip e fit te r s , m ain tenan ce --------------P lu m b e r s , m ain tenan ce ____________
S h e e t-m e ta l w o r k e r s ,
m ain tenan ce _________________________
T ool and die m a k e r s ________________

$ 2 .7 9
2 .9 9
2 . 89
2. 38
2 . 35

$ 2 . 79
2.'9 8
2 . 67
2. 25
2 . 17

• 3 .0 1
2 .9 8

2 .8 5

-2. 73
2 . 81
2. 98
2 . 35
2 . 80
3.‘ 01
2 .7 5

2. 67
2 . 76

.

•

$ 2 .6 1
3. 02
2 .7 4
2 . 52
2. 23

$ 2 . 66
2 .7 3
2 .4 2
1 .9 3

$ 3 . 04
2. 87
2 . 78
2 . 36
1 .8 7

$ 2 .9 8
3. 10
2. 83
2. 20

-

-

-

-

-

2.
2.
- 2.
2.

2. 83

2 . 65
2 . 64
- »

2. 38
2 .5 9
3. 06
2. 65 •

2. 69
2 . 93
2 .7 4
2 .9 5
2. $5

2. 75
"

2. 70
“

"

L

2 . 61
2. 60
2. 85

,

’’
2. 75
- ,
2. 85

$2.
2.
2.
1.
1.

52
70
44
89
80

51
36

23
31

1 5 ,3 9 8
4 3 ,5 3 0
1 5 ,4 6 0
1 5 ,0 4 0
2 9 ,2 0 0

5 ,8 4 7
7 ,2 0 8
a , 459
3 ,5 4 9
7 ,8 3 9

2 , 065
4 , 389
2 , 065
1 ,2 4 8
5 ,9 2 6

203
263
491
303
462

1 ,7 3 6
719
1, 510
446
458

2 4 ,7 9 2
4 2 ,0 9 5

143
3, 046

63
2 , 687

23
100

53

13

57
162

1 2 ,2 4 2
5 4 ,6 1 5
2 4 ,7 4 4
,1 4 ,2 2 3
9 ,8 8 9
2 4 ,7 4 1
1 ,5 5 3

3 0 ,9 2 6
5 ,7 1 0
242
679
5 ,0 3 6
1, 305
1 ,2 4 5

2 5 ,6 5 5
3, 129
81
426
1 ,0 8 2
900
532

2 , 267
991
74
50
103
90
4

1, 746
831
10
28
605
38
84

43
114
65
1, 576
33
292

1, 198
645
77
110
1 ,6 5 4
240
309

412
599

344
79

2
4

’ 2

11
-

: 48
505

-

“

“

-

5, 675 •
4 8 ,2 9 5




~

.

'
2. 00

1. 68

2. 14

_

1. 38

1. 86

1. 28

825

1 0 ,8 7 3

461

156

912

6, 646

2, 698

1 .8 1
2. 38
1. 97
1. 78
2. 08
2. 14
2. 07
1 .7 1
2. 28
2. 36
2. 31
2. 47

1. 16
1. 79
1. 55
1 .4 0
2. 12
2 . 09
1 .8 9
1. 54
2. 07
2. 21
2. 25
2. 47

1 .7 1
2. 37
1 .9 0
1. 61
2. 38
2. 47
2. 41
2. 63

1. 68
1. 37
1. 95
2. 07
1 .9 5
1. 60
2. 12
2. 22
2. 28
2. 33

1. 08
1 .7 2
1. 34
1. 08
1. 90
2. 14
1 .6 9
1. 52
1. 98
2 . 17
2. 14
2. 24

1. 29
1 .9 2
1 .6 4
1 .4 3
-

1. 06
1 .4 9
1. 47
1. 38
1. 70
1. 74
2. 13
-

387
31, 267
9 8 ,2 4 1
1 0 ,3 4 8
1 3 4 ,6 0 4
2 6 ,0 0 4
3 6 ,0 1 7
1 0 ,3 4 3
12, 096
1 1 ,8 2 4
11, 364
5 9 ,6 2 2

10, 304
1 5 ,3 9 4
9 6 ,1 3 1
4 5 ,8 0 3
1 1 1 , 188
5 1 ,0 2 7
1 5 ,6 1 0
3, 935
1 1 ,4 2 0
6 , 155
7 , 590
1 4 4 ,5 3 5

578
1 ,8 6 4
1 5 ,3 9 8
4 , 307
4 7 ,3 0 6
1 ,6 8 3
55
9
995
108
1 ,2 3 6
7 6 ,9 7 2

63
298
5 ,4 3 4
946
3 5 ,2 3 9
3 3 ,6 9 1
1 1 ,8 1 5
1, 081
4 , 693
4 , 181
3, 467
4 0 ,4 6 5

3, 790
435
2 4 ,7 8 7
4 , 757
2 7 ,5 4 0
1 5 ,4 2 4
3, 377
2 ,7 1 0
5, 307
1, 655
2, 385
2 2 ,2 0 8

2, 327
5 ,4 0 0
1 9 ,8 1 2
2 1 , 378
54
75
40
23
62
308

3, 546
7, 147
3 0 ,4 8 9
1 4 ,3 5 3
923
175
288
135
382
188
414
4 , 095

2. 22

1 .9 6

2. 61

1. 73

1. 67

-

-

7 ,6 8 7

1 4 ,6 8 2

3, 337

5, 044

3, 792

164

2, 345

2. 45

2. 38

2. 58

2. 18

1 .9 8

-

-

2 2 ,4 4 4

5 4 ,1 0 0

3 1 ,0 0 6

1 5 ,0 4 3

6 ,4 6 4

128

1 ,4 5 2

2. 55

2. 66

2. 70

2. 59

2. 64

-

-

10, 140

4 5 ,0 5 0

2 4 ,9 2 6

1 1 ,6 4 4

8, 367

-

113

2. 49
2. 35

2. 62
2. 28

2. 61
2. 28

2. 69
2. 25

2. 48
2. 32

-

-

10, 824
5 5 ,9 9 3

1 2 ,4 6 4
1 4 ,5 0 0

4 ,7 0 1
4 , 847

5, 549
5, 858

2, 208
3, 692

_

15

6
88

2. 38
1 .7 5

2. 29
1. 48

2. 20
1. 88

1. 53

1 .4 6

13, 189
16, 716

2, 760
15,256

1 ,9 9 4
2 ,4 4 9

340
1, 391

375
2 , 174

2, 254

45
6, 979

1. 59

1 E xclu d es p r e m iu m pay fo r o v e rtim e and fo r w ork on w eeken d s, h o lid a y s, and late sh ifts.
2 A v e r a g e m onth of r e fe r e n c e . Data w e r e c o lle c te d during the p erio d July I9 60 through June 1961.
3 Data lim ite d to m en w o r k e r s ex cept w h ere o th erw ise in dicated .
4 T ra n sp o rta tio n , com m u n ication , and other public u tilitie s.
5 F in an ce, in su r a n ce , and r e a l e sta te .
6 Includes a ll d r iv e r s r e g a r d le s s of s iz e and type of truck op erated .
NOTE:

•_ •

926
951
2 , 633
1, 193
463

*
2 .9 9
3. 16

C ustod ial and m a te r ia l m ove m e n t

E le v a to r o p e r a to r s , p a sse n g e r ----E le v a to r o p e r a to r s , p a sse n g e r
(w om en) ______________________________
G u ards --------------------------------------------------Jan itors ________________________________
J anitors (w om en) ____________________
L a b o r e r s , m a t e r ia l h a n d lin g --------O rd er f ille r s __________________________
P a c k e r s , sh ip p in g------------------------------P a c k e r s , shipping (w om en) ________
R eceivin g c le r k s _____________________
Shipping c le r k s _______________________
Shipping and rec eiv in g c le r k s _____
T r u c k d r iv e r s 6 _________________ _____
T r u c k d r iv e r s , light (under
l l / 2 t o n s ) --------------------------------------T r u c k d r iv e r s , m e d iu m (IV 2 to
and including 4 tons) ___________
T r u c k d r iv e r s , h eavy (over
4 to n s, t r a ile r type) ___________
T r u c k d r iv e r s , heavy (over
4 ton s, other than
tr a ile r type) ____________________
T r u c k e r s , p ow er (fo rk lift) -------------T r u c k e r s , p ow er (other than
fo r k lift) ___________________ ________
W atchm en ______________________________

889
7 54
1 ,7 3 5
359
493

D ash es in dicate data that do not m e e t publication c r ite r ia .

1. 29

174

15

Table A - 5. Office Occupations by Industry Division and Region
(A v er a g e w eek ly earn ings 1 for se le c te d occupations in a ll m e trop olitan a r e a s by in du stry d ivision and region,2 F e b ru ary I9 6 0 3 )
Industry d ivision
S ex, occu p ation , and grad e

A ll a r e a s

M an u fac­
turing

T otal

P ublic
u tilitie s 4

W h olesale
trade

R egion 2

R e ta il trade

Fin ance 5

S e r v ic e s

N orth east

$ 8 8 . 50
67 . 50

$ 9 5 . 00
73 . 50

$100.
82 .
94 .
93.
55.

South

North C en tral

W e st

$105.
85.
99.
97.
60 .

$ 101.
86.
96.
100.
63.

O ffic e c le r ic a l
M en
C le r k s:
A ccou n tin g, c la s s A ____________________
A ccou n tin g, c la s s B ____________________
O rd er ______________________________________
P a y r o ll ____________________________________
O ffic e b oys ____________________________________
T a b u la tin g -m a ch in e o p e r a to r s:
C la ss A ________________________________ - —
C la ss B ____________________________________
C la ss C - - —- - - - — ------------------ --------- - ---------

$102.
83.
93 .
95.
57.

00
00
00
00
00

$107.
86.
99.
97 .
58.

00
50
00
00
50

$97.
81.
89.
92.
56.

50
00
50
00
50

$ 1 0 2 . 00
8 9 . 00

9 5 . 00
66 . 00

$100.
82 .
89 .
92 .
57.

00
00
50
50
00

$91.
71.
90 .
54.

00
50
50

-

-

00

53. 00

8 4 . 00
53. 50

00
00
00
00
50

$99.
81.
77.
92.
54.

00
00
00
00
50

50
50
00
50
00

50
00
50
00
00

103. 00
8 7 . 50
7 3 . 00

105. 50
91 . 50
7 9 . 00

100. 50
8 4 . 50
7 0 . 50

-

-

91 . 50
7 9 . 50

88. 00
76 . 00

83 . 00
68 . 00

9 4 . 00
7 8 . 50
65 . 50

-

97. 50
84. 00
68. 00

102. 50
83 . 00
7 1 . 00

106. 50
89. 50
7 7 . 50

1 0 7 .0 0
93. 50
80 . 50

66 . 00
63 . 00

6 9 . 50
69 . 50

64. 50
61 . 00

67. 50
7 1 . 00

67. 00
67. 00

55. 00
57. 50

64 . 50
-

65. 50
63 . 50

66. 00
65. 00

60 . 00
56. 50

67. 50
65. 00

72 . 00
68 . 50

7 4 . 00
61 . 50

7 9 . 00
69 . 00

71 . 00
60 . 00

8 1 . 00
7 3 . 00

77 . 00
65. 50

7 2 . 50
59. 50

66 . 00
58. 00

76 . 00
66 . 50

72. 50
61 . 50

68. 50
56. 50

76 . 50
64. 50

82 . 50
63. 00

82.
65 .
68 .
55.
68 .
73.
71.

50
50
50
00
00
50
50

87.
70.
74.
62.
70 .
74.
75.

00
00
50
00
50
00
50

79.
63.
65 .
53.
65 .
73.
69 .

50
50
50
00
50
50
50

86 .
69 .
77.
60.
79.
82 .

50
50
50
50

00
50
00
00
50
50
50

74 .
60 .
56.
49.
56.
65.
64 .

00
00
50
00
00
50
50

74.
58.
63.
51 .
74.
64 .

00
50
00
50
00
50

82.
64 .
67.
54.
72.
70.

50
50
50
50

00
50

83.
68.
69.
56.
70 .
79 .
69.

00
00

82.
64.
68.
54.
68.
71 .
71.

00
50
00
50
50
00
00

77 .
61.
65.
50.
60.
69.
63.

50
00
00
00
00
50
00

84.
67.
70 .
55.
68.
76 .
73 .

50
50
50
50
50
50
50

86.
71 .
73.
59.
74.
82 .
78.

50
00
50
50
00
00
50

63 . 50
6 9 . 50
55. 00
8 7 .5 0
7 3 .5 0
8 4 . 50
6 7 . 00
66 . 50

67 .
73.
60 .
90.
77 .
85.
77.
67.

50
50
00
50
00
50
50
50

59.
67 .
53.
85 .
70.
83 .
64 .
65.

50
00
00
00
50
00
00
00

65 .
74.
58.
93.
78 .
90.
80.
68.

00
50
00
00
50
00
00
50

59.
70 .
54.
87 .
72.
70.
67.

00
00
00
00
00

55.
62.
50 .
79.
64.
56.
59.

00
50
50
00
00

55.
61.
51.
81 .
65 .
76.
66.
63.

50
00
00
50
50
50
00
50

66.
72 .
55.
85.
72.
83 .
55.
66.

00
00
50
00
00
50
00
00

61.
67.
55.
87.
71.
82 .
69 .
65.

50
00
50
50
50
00
00
50

58.
65.
50.
80.
69.
87.
57.
60 .

50
00
50
00
00
50
50
00

65.
71.
55.
89.
75 .
83.
69.
68 .

00
50
00
00
50
50
00
00

69 .
76.
58.
92 .
79.
87.
72 .
71.

00
50
50
00
00
00
00
50

93 . 00
7 8 . 50
67. 50

95 . 00
82 . 00
74. 00

91 . 00
7 5 . 50
65. 50

7 7 . 50
69. 50

77 . 00
66. 50

72 . 50
66. 00

8 7 . 00
7 3 . 50
60. 50

-

90 . 00
77 . 00
66. 50

90 . 50
71 . 00
59. 50

66. 50

62 . 50

6 4 . 50

7 9 . 50

67. 50

62 . 50

6 1 .5 0

66. 00

66. 00

7 1 . 00
60 . 00

7 5 . 00
6 3 . 50

6 8 . 00
58. 00

7 2 . 50
63 . 50

71. 50
60. 50

64. 00
56. 50

65 . 00
56. 00

7 2 . 00
60 . 50

1 4 6 .5 0
120. 00
9 0 . 50
7 4 . 00

143. 50
1 1 8 .5 0
9 0 . 50
7 4 . 50

1 5 3 .5 0
125. 50
91 . 50
72 . 00

136. 00
1 1 7 .5 0
88 . 50
-

_
1 1 7 .5 0
86. 00
-

_
120. 50
85 . 50
-

_
-

9 2 . 50
65 . 50

9 3 . 00
7 6 . 00

9 1 . 00
6 1 . 00

9 6 . 50
“

98. 00

7 9 . 00

89 . 50
“

W om en
B i lle r s , m ach in e:
B illin g m a c h i n e __ ________________________
Bookkeeping m achine —________________ B ook k e ep in g-m ac h in e o p e r a to r s :
C la ss A ____________________________________
C la ss B ____________________________________
C le r k s :
A ccou n tin g, c la s s A ------------------------------A ccou nting, c la s s B ------------------------------F ile , c la s s A -------------------------------------------F ile , c la s s B _____________________________
O rd er ______________________________________
P a y r o ll ____________________________________
C om p to m eter o p e r a to r s ___________________
D u p licatin g-m ac h in e o p era to rs
(M im eograp h or D i t t o ) ____________________
Keypunch o p era to rs _________________________
O ffic e g ir ls ___________________________________
S e c r e ta r ie s ___________________________________
S te n ograp h ers, g e n era l ------------------------------S te n ograp h ers, tech n ical __________________
Sw itchboard o p e r a t o r s ______________________
Sw itchboard o p e r a to r -r e c e p tio n is ts -------T a b u latin g-m ach in e o p e r a to r s:
C la ss A __________________________________ _
C la ss B ------------------------------------------------------C la ss C —
— ......
T r a n sc r ib in g -m a c h in e o p e r a to r s ,
g e n er a l ---------------------------------------------------------T y p ists:
C la ss A ____________________________________
C la ss B -------------------------------------------------------

50
50

00
50

92 . 50
80 . 50
71. 00

1 0 5 .0 0
8 7 . 00
72. 50

60 . 50

67. 50

7 1 .5 0

69. 00
59. 00

65. 00
53. 50

75 . 50
61 . 00

7 4 . 50
63. 50

1 5 8 .0 0
1 2 9 .0 0
9 4 . 50
-

148. 50
1 1 8 .5 0
8 9 . 50
7 1 . 00

140. 00
1 1 2 .5 0
8 3 . 00
74. 00

1 4 8 .0 0
125. 00
94 . 50
77 . 00

140. 00
1 1 8 .0 0
9 0 . 50
7 7 . 50

1 0 4 .0 0

90. 50
68 . 00

92 . 50
62. 50

93. 00
66. 00

99 . 00
8 8 . 00

P r o fe s s io n a l and tech n ical
M en
D r a ftsm e n , l e a d e r ___________________________
D r a ftsm e n , s e n i o r ___________________________
D r a ftsm en , ju n ior ----------------------------------------T r a c e r s _______________________________________
W om en
N u r s e s , in d u strial (r e g is te r e d ) --------------T r a c e r s _______________________________________

1 E arnin gs r ela te to r eg u la r st r a ig h t -t im e s a la r ie s that are paid fo r standard w ork w eek s.
2 F o r d efin ition of r e g io n s , s e e footnote 2 , table A - l .
3 A v e r a g e m onth of r e fe r e n c e .
Data w e r e c o lle c te d during the p eriod
July 1959 through June
4 T ra n sp o rta tio n , com m u n ication , and other public u tilitie s.
5 F in a n c e, in su r a n ce , and r e a l e sta te .
NOTE:

D ash es in dicate data that do not m e e t publication c r ite r ia .




I9 6 0 .

“

16
Table A-6. Plant Occupations by Industry Division! and Region
(A v e ra g e

h o u r ly

e a r n in g s 1 fo r

s e le c te d

o c c u p a tio n s

in

a ll m e t r o p o lit a n

areas

b y in d u s t r y d iv is io n

and

re g io n ,

F ebru ary

I9 6 0 3 )

In d u s try d iv is io n

A ll in d u s t r ie s

M a in t e n a n c e

C a rp en ters,
E n g in e e r s ,
F ir e m e n ,

tra d es,

T o ta l

P u b lic

W h o le s a le

u tilitie s 5

tra d e

N o rth e a st
R e ta il tra d e

F in a n c e 6

S ou th

N orth C e n tra l

W est

S e r v ic e s

______________________

$ 2 .7 0

$ 2 .7 2

$ 2 . 65

$ 2 . 52

2 . 90

2 .9 1

2. 84

2 . 88

$ 2 . 54
-

$ 2 .9 7

________ ,___________

2. 77

2 . 90

2 .6 3

2 .7 7

2. 86

2 . 98

3. 03

____________________________

2 . 71

2 . 57

2. 65

2 . 58

2. 71

2 .6 5

2 .4 7

2. 85

2 . 17

2 .4 4

2 . 27

2 . 28

2. 70
-

2. 36

2 . 28

2 . 79
2 . 31

1. 80

2. 24

1 .9 6

2 .4 3

2 .8 9
2 .4 3

_______________

2 . 25

2 . 28
2 . 86

2 . 18
-

2 . 14
-

1. 86
-

2. 64

2 . 68

2 . 38
2 . 98

2 . 37
2 .9 4

_______________________

1 .7 7
-

2 . 13

2 . 86

2 . 13
-

2 . 21

________

2 .7 6

2. 94

m a in te n a n c e

s ta tio n a r y

s ta tio n a r y b o il e r

H e lp e r s ,

t u r in g

an d p o w e r p la n t

m a in te n a n c e

E le c tr ic ia n s ,

R e g io n 2

N o n m a n u fa c tu r in g

O c c u p a tio n 4

__________ _________

m a in te n a n c e

$ 2 . 74

$ 2 . 28

$ 2 . 58

$ 2 . 66

$ 2 . 81

$ 2 .8 3

2 .8 8

2 . 90

2 .7 1

2 . 69

1 .9 9
-

a u to m o tiv e

( m a i n t e n a n c e ) ___

2 . 58

2 . 61

2 . 57

2 . 55

2 .4 8

-

2 . 39

2. 53

2 . 71

2 .8 1

M e c h a n ic s ,

m a i n t e n a n c e ________________________

2. 72

2. 73

2 . 62

2 .5 9
2 . 78

2 .8 9
2. 33

2 . 97

M e c h a n ic s ,

2 . 51

2. 54

-

2 .2 2

2 . 66

2 . 62

2 . 82

2 . 87

M i l l w r i g h t s ____ - ______________— ____ ________________
O i l e r s ___________ ____ ________________________ ___________

2 . 88

2 .8 8

2. 75

2 .9 4

2 .3 1

2. 30

2 . 25

2 .8 9
2 . 14

2. 94

2 . 31
2 . 62

2. 44

2 . 32

2 .7 1

2. 44

2. 64

-

2. 45

2. 5b

2. 80

2 .8 0

2 .9 1
2. 63

2 .9 1
2. 73

2 .8 8
2. 52

2 . 79
2 . 56

-

2 .9 0

________________________

m a i n t e n a n c e ________

2 . 88

2 . 89

2 .7 1

2. 63

3. 06

3. 06

E l e v a t o r o p e r a t o r s , p a s s e n g e r ______________
E le v a to r o p e r a t o r s , p a s s e n g e r
( w o m e n ) ------------------------------------ ---------------- ------------

1. 68

1 .9 6

1. 65

2 . 08

1. 14

1. 67

1 . 12

1. 64

G u a r d s _______________________________________ __________ _

2 . 13

2 . 31

J a n ito r s ,

___________

1. 7 2

1 .9 1

1 .7 6
1 .5 1

2 . 29
1. 84

J a n it o r s , p o r t e r s , an d c le a n e r s
( w o m e n ) _______________________________________________

1 .4 3

1 .7 4

1. 35

1. 5 4

_________________

2 . 01
2 . 01

2 . 00
2 . 03

2 . 02

__________________________________________

2 . 26
-

M a c h in e -to o l o p e r a to r s ,
M a c h in is t s ,

P a in te r s ,

m a in te n a n c e

m a in te n a n c e

P ip e fitte r s ,
P lu m b e r s ,

to o lr o o m

__________________________

m a in te n a n c e
m a in te n a n c e

S h e e t-m e ta l w o r k e r s ,
T o o l a n d d ie

------------------------------------

________________________

m ak ers

—

-

-

“

“

2. 75
-

-

-

"

“

2 . 56
2. 65
~

2 . 06
2 . 17
“

2. 74

3. 07

2. 95

2 . 54

2 . 28

2 . 81

2 .8 7

2. 73

2. 94

2 . 97

2 .8 5

2 . 89

2 .9 1

3 . 15

3 . 16

C u s to d ia l an d m a t e r ia l m o v e m e n t

p orters,

L a b orers,

m a t e r ia l h a n d lin g

O rd e r fille r s
P a ck ers,

s h ip p in g

P a ck ers,

s h ip p in g

R e c e iv in g

c le r k s

S h ip p in g

a n d c le a n e r s

c le r k s

S h ip p in g a n d

-----

---------------------

1 .4 9
2. 04

1. 52
2 . 16

1 .6 9
2 . 25

2 . 02

1. 56

2 . 15

2 . 21

1 .2 9
1. 87

1. 0 4

1 .4 0

1. 34

1 .7 7
2. 03

1 .8 9

1. 5 4
-

2 . 07

-

-

1 .8 8

1. 5 5

1 .4 9
2 . 03

1. 31

2 . 09
1. 74

2 . 15

-

1 .8 0

2. 24

2 .2 8

2 . 17

1 .9 3

2 . 35

2 . 35

2 .2 9
2. 53

2. 52

1 .6 9
-

1 .8 4

2 . 19

2 . 22

2 . 14

2 . 33

2 . 15

2. 03

-

2. 38

2 . 36

2. 52

2. 24

2 . 14

-

_

1 .9 9

2 . 17

1. 89

2 . 51

1. 65

1. 59

-

(1 Vz t o a n c*
----------------------------------

2 . 31

2 . 39

2 . 28

2 .4 8

2 . 10

1 .9 2

-

2 . 54

2 .4 5

2 . 57

2 . 59

2 . 51

2 .5 9

-

-

2 . 60

2 . 12

2. 65

2 . 65

2. 45

2 .4 1

2 . 49

2 . 51

2 . 58

2. 30

-

-

2 . 58

2 . 00

2 . 57

2. 56

2 . 15

2. 23

-

2. 23

1 .9 0

2 . 36

2 .4 0

2 . 32

2. 03

2 . 39

2 .4 0

1 .7 0

1 .2 9

1. 59

1 .9 0

— ------------------_

heavy

(o v e r

2. 04
-

2 . 10

2. 03

2 . 49

1. 8 9

-

2 . 09

1 .4 5

2 . 39

2. 25

-

2 .4 9

1 .8 8

2. 45

2 .4 9

2. 44

4 ton s,

ty p e )

----------------------------

(fo r k lift )

--------------

2. 24

2 .2 6

2 . 18

2 . 18

pow er

( o t h e r t h a n f o r k l i f t ) -------

2 . 31

2 . 33

2 . 17

2 . 09

1. 59

1 .7 4

1 .4 2

1. 7 8

------------

_____________________________________________

p r e m iu m

pay

fo r

o v e r tim e

F o r d e fin itio n o f r e g io n s ,
see
A v e r a g e m on th o f r e fe r e n c e .
lim it e d

to

T r a n s p o r ta tio n ,

m en

D ashes

w ork ers

in d ic a te

and

excep t
and

w ork

on

w hen

o t h e r w is e

oth er

p u b lic

and re a l e sta te .
r e g a r d le s s o f s iz e
d a ta

fo r

w eekends,

fo o t n o t e 2 , ta b le A - l .
D a ta w e r e c o ll e c t e d d u r in g

c o m m u n ic a t io n ,

F in a n c e ,
in s u r a n c e ,
I n c lu d e s a ll d r iv e r s




1. 87

.9 7
1 .6 0

1 .4 6

2 . 11

p ow er

N O TE :

1. 87

1. 59

2 . 10

T ru ck ers,

D a ta

1. 31

1 .8 7

1. 28

1. 87

-

T ru ck ers,

E x c lu d e s

1. 56
2 . 30

1. 75

1. 7 0

1. 62

2 . 37

c le r k s

---------------------------------------------------------

o t h e r th a n t r a il e r

1
2
3
4
5
6
7

1. 53

lig h t (u n d e r

t r a i l e r t y p e ) --------------------------------------- -----------T r u c k d r iv e r s , h e a v y (o v e r 4 to n s ,

W a tch m en

1. 80
1. 16
2 . 28

1. 59
1 .4 2

2 . 26

T r u c k d r iv e r s , m e d iu m
i n c l u d i n g 4 t o n s ) -------T r u c k d r iv e r s ,

.9 5
. 78
2. 04

1 .8 7

1 .4 6
1 .9 7

T r u c k d r i v e r s 7 ____________________________________
lV 2 t o n s )

1. 75
1. 34
1 .9 5

1. 53

1. 6 3
2 . 21

r e c e iv in g

1. 2 5
•98
1. 53

1 .9 7

-

1 .8 1
1 .2 5

2 . 02

1 .5 9
2 . 09
2 . 20

(w o m e n )

1 .4 1
1. 07

2 . 39
-

------------------------------

____________________________________
--------------*------------------------- — --------------

T r u c k d r iv e r s ,

2 . 02

1 .9 5

--------------

1 .9 9
1 .8 0

_
-

th a t

do

not

and
m eet

ty p e

th e

h o lid a y s ,

p e r io d

in d ic a te d .

u tilit ie s .
of

tru ck

p u b lic a tio n

op era ted .

c r ite r ia .

J u ly

and

-

1 .4 2

1 .4 7

la te

s h ifts .

1959 th rou gh

June

I9 6 0 .

1 .5 7

1 .2 4

Wage Dispersion Within Labor Markets

Introduction

and unskilled plant activities covered in
surveys. The same office and unskilled
manufacturing and nonmanufacturing; the
lections differed by division, reflecting
tenance employment in manufacturing.

Bulletin reports on wage studies issued for individual labor
markets provide distributions of employee rates for each occupation
studied. Such data are presented by sex and, wherever possible, for
major industry divisions. The substantial dispersion to be noted in
these rate distributions reflects a variety of factors. General pay
levels vary among and within numerous industries to be found in the
typical metropolitan area. Rate differences are also recorded within
establishments for occupational classifications studied. Intraestab­
lishment rate or earnings variation is most commonly associated with
rate-range plans and incentive systems but is not necessarily lacking
even in establishments with single rates specified for individual jobs
or labor grades. 11

the annual wage and salary
plant jobs were selected in
skilled maintenance job se­
the concentration of main­

Range of Area Indexes
Examination of table 1 indicates that wage dispersion varied
greatly among the labor markets and occupations included in the
study. Relative dispersion in secretarial salaries was three times
as great in the area with the largest, as contrasted with the area
with the smallest, relative dispersion estimate; this ratio, the smallest
among the major occupations included in this analysis, was found in
both manufacturing and nonmanufacturing. The ratios of high to low
dispersion values were greatest for material handling laborers—
12 to 1 in manufacturing and 31 to 1 in nonmanufacturing. Among
78 areas for which estimates are included for laborers in nonmanu­
facturing, the extreme values were recorded in Greenville (93) and
York (3); 16 areas (9 in the South) had dispersion values of 50 or
more and 12 areas had values of 10 or less.

This examination does not attempt to isolate the interestab­
lishment and intraestablishment factors in wage dispersion within oc­
cupations and labor markets. It is limited to the recording of meas­
ures of wage dispersion for selected office clerical and for manual
jobs in each of 82 labor markets in late 1961 and early 1962. These
measures are presented in table 1 for manufacturing and nonmanufac­
turing. Wage dispersion estimates are compared among jobs, areas,
and regions and between manufacturing and nonmanufacturing. Com­
parable surveys conducted in 1954 in 17 major areas have been drawn
upon in an examination of changes in wage dispersion rates between
1954 and 1961.

Regional Averages
Simple averages of area indexes of dispersion are presented
for all areas combined and for four broad regions in table 2. Dis­
persion values for the South were either the largest or tied for largest
in 7 of 9 jobs in manufacturing and in 5 of 7 jobs in nonmanufac­
turing. Southern dispersion rates exceeded the next highest regional
The indexes of dispersion in the accompanying tables were
estimates by 18 points for laborers in nonmanufacturing and by
computed by dividing the interquartile range by the median and mul­
tiplying by 100. A measure of relative dispersion rather than of
7 points for laborers and janitors in manufacturing. The West had
absolute dispersion was selected, since widely differing pay levels,
the smallest values in most jobs in each industry division.
as measured by averages, were found among the occupations, indus­
National and regional dispersion rates were, with very few
tries, and areas studied.
exceptions, higher in nonmanufacturing than in counterpart jobs in
manufacturing. The greatest differences, measured in point spreads
The occupations selected for this study are among the nu­
between values for the two industry divisions, are to be noted in the
merically most important jobs in office clerical, skilled maintenance,
unskilled jobs. For example, averages for janitors in the North
Central region were 38 in nonmanufacturing and 18 in manufacturing;
averages for this job in the Northeast were 37 in nonmanufacturing
and 22 in manufacturing. Average dispersion values for laborers in
11
Incentive pay is a negligible factor in all or nearly all of
the South amounted to 45 in nonmanufacturing and 29 in manufacturing.
the types of jobs covered in these studies. Rate-range plans, pro­
viding advancement through the range on the basis of length of service
With reference to the larger dispersion rates associated with
nonmanufacturing, it should be noted that employee coverage of laboror merit review (or a combination of these), are more widely found
management agreements, as well as coverage under the Fair Labor
in office than in plant or other nonoffice pay structures. Establish­
ments with a single-rate policy may have exception rates under cer­
Standards Act, is less extensive among nonmanufacturing than among
tain conditions. Regardless of the type of pay policy, rate variation
manufacturing industries. Also, the indexes of dispersion for office
clerical jobs are based on weekly salary rates. Weekly work schedules
may be reflected in the wage survey data in situations where more
than one job category in the establishment matches the job definition
for office employees vary much more among nonmanufacturing than
among manufacturing industries.
applied in the survey.




17

18

As shown in the following tabulation, indexes of dispersion
for some industry divisions within nonmanufacturing exceeded the
values found for all nonmanufacturing industries in the same area.

J o b a n d in d u s t r y d i v i s i o n

S ten ogra p h ers,
(w o m e n )

B oston

C h ic a g o

21

21

N ew Y ork

P h ila d e lp h ia

Index Changes, 1954 to 1961

gen eral

---------------------------------------------

31

21

26

17
18

9
19

23
19

40
21

16
17

20
28

17
19

19
20

19

21

15

24

P u b l i c u t i l i t i e s — -----------------------------W h o l e s a l e t r a d e — ------------

24
32

R e t a i l t r a d e ---------------------------------------F i n a n c e --------------------------------------------------

22
15

S e r v ic e s

21

17

J a n it o r s ,

D e t r o it

-----------------------------------------------

p orters,

c le a n e r s (m e n )

and
— --------------------------

31

38

27

P u b l i c u t i l i t i e s -----------------------------------

16

9

21

17

13

W h o l e s a l e t r a d e -------------------------------

38

25

37

22

23

R e t a i l t r a d e -------------------------------------F in a n c e
-----------------------S e r v i c e s --------------------------------------

23
14
28

26
3
29

17
11
30

38
20
28

20
8
27

33

For stenographers, the area values for retail trade and serv­
ices were more closely grouped than in the other divisions. Average
values did not differ greatly among the divisions; the median area
value was 23 for public utilities and 19 for each of the other divisions.
Measured by median area values, wage dispersion in janitor rates was
significantly smaller in finance (11) and public utilities (16) than in
the other divisions (23 to 28).
Relative dispersion rates for the skilled maintenance trades
were substantially smaller than those for office jobs and for unskilled
manual jobs. Nationwide, values in manufacturing were 12 and 13
among the electricians, machinists, and tool and die makers as con­
trasted with values of 22 to 26 for other jobs; in nonmanufacturing, a
national average of 15 was recorded for automotive mechanics with




values for other jobs ranging from 25 to 34. The smaller dispersion
rates for the skilled trades appears to be explainable, for the most
part, by the fact that the skilled maintenance workers are largely
concentrated in the larger establishments where volume of maintenance
work warrants employment of specialists in the various trades. Cler­
ical workers, janitors, and laborers are much more widely distributed
among establishments in the typical community. Labor-management
agreement coverage is also more extensive among large establish­
ments than among smaller establishments.

Data for 17 of the larger labor markets collected in 1954 and
1961 were examined for change in wage dispersion values. The num­
ber of points change in the indexes are summarized in table 3. No
single area presented a consistent record of increases or of decreases,
in either manufacturing or nonmanufacturing, for the nine jobs selected
for the time comparison.
The number of increases in wage dispersion outnumbered the
decreases in each of the 3 job groupings in manufacturing and in
2 of the 3 job groupings in nonmanufacturing; for skilled trades in
nonmanufacturing the decreases outnumbered the increases in the
ratio of 3 to 2. In all except the two manual job groupings in non­
manufacturing, however, the index changes in most of the areas can
be considered to be minor. Changes falling within a band of plus or
minus 4 points accounted for half or more of the area-job changes in
all except the two manual groupings in nonmanufacturing.
Increases and decreases in wage dispersion indexes can be
influenced by a variety of changes that occur within labor markets.
Differences in the nature and timing of wage adjustments among es­
tablishments can have an impact in either direction and this may be
temporary or "permanent" in effect. Establishments with different
general pay levels may also differ in employment trends and, thus,
in their contribution to data collected in the basic wage surveys.
The
movement of plants out of an area or the establishment of new enter­
prises, especially the in-transfer of large branch plants, will affect
the area distribution of employment and rates for an occupation.
Minor differences in relative dispersion may occur from period to
period because of sampling variability— i. e. , the estimates being
based on wage data obtained from a sample of establishments rather
than the universe.

19
Table 1. Dispersion of Rates Within Occupations
(In d e x e s

o f d is p e r s io n 1 fo r

s e le c te d

o c c u p a tio n s

in m a n u fa c t u r in g

a n d n o n m a n u fa c tu r in g ,

82

la b o r m a r k e t s ,

la te

I960

and e a r ly

M a n u fa c t u r in g
O ffic e

1961)

N o n m a n u fa c tu r in g

jo b a (w o m e n )

P la n t jo b s

(m e n )

O ffic e jo b s

(w o m e n )

P la n t jo b s

(m e n )

R e g io n and a r e a
A c c o u n tin g
C la s s

A l b a n y —S c h e n e c t a d y —T r o y

____

A l l e n t o w n —B e t h l e h e m —E a s t o n
B u ffa lo

___________________________________

B u r lin g to n

_____________________________

N ew

Y ork

t a r ie s

rap h ers

c ia n s

is ts

T o o l and
d ie

20

14

20

17

20

31

35

36

21

18

21

24

21

22

12

17

19
20

27
5

13
15

14
-

17
-

11

14

12
-

31

24

23

28

17

15

J a n ito r s

m ak ers

25

14

L a b orers,

17

A c c o u n tin g

c le r k s

n ie itc r i a l
h a n d lin g

C la s s

32

45

18

25

28
-

22

31

21

11

26

12
-

13
-

22

16

18

13

29
24

A

C la s s

B

S e cre ­
ta r ie s

S te n o g ­
rap h ers

M ech an ­
ic s ,

a u to­

h a n d lin g

27

15
26

29
52

16
_

62

19
21

25

21

31

29
16

27
-

31
41

23

13
11
_

40

43

36

-

17

30

56
_

18

40

9
5
13

26

11

11

33

17

20

25

18

12

25

41

21

23

17

13

18

23

23

25

10

15

15

12

16

25

36
-

28

18

19
18

14

26

21

37

44

14

C i t y ________________________

16

23

25

21

23

10

37

32

23

23

21

21

8

39
38
24

24

18

9
34

_____

20

20

22

15

19
11

13

30

26

61

18

25

20

8

__________________________

19
24
-

21

24

24

17

18

7

23

21

24

26

12

39
33

23

28

9
6

6
-

15
-

5

14

19
20

21

41
-

29

28

8

24

29
22

11

29
21

_______________________________

10

31

21

32

31

49

25

30

46

49

__________

11

20

21

22

26

29

24

23

15

36

29

30

36

21

40

--------------------------------------------------

12

34

23

17

26

5

31

16

4

52

29
18

57

25

23

22

22

15

57
-

50

22

18
-

27

_________________________________

9
20

23

19
14

49

55

19
30

27
_
24

13

29
41

24

23

12

8

24

3

26

P r o v i d e n c e —P a w t u c k e t
S cra n ton

_____________________________

20

27

25

27

11

14

19
11

34

35

32

25

24

23

23

22

13

25
24

22

W o r c e s t e r ______________________________

18

21

25

Y ork

25

36

20

22

18

10

16

22

19

13
10
-

71
33

26
30

24
22

31
26

27

28
24

18

36

34

25

33

25

37
36

W a te rb u ry

______________________________________

A t la n t a
______________________________________
B a l t i m o r e ----------------------------------------------------B e a u m o n t —P o r t A r t h u r _______________

39
23

30

28

27

14

14

30

24

27

21

12

76

62

37

22

2

4

51

20

30

31

36

31

34

21

18
2

18

_____________________

____________________________________

27

15

24

32

36

22

C h a tta n o o g a
-----------------------------------------------D a l l a s _________________________________________

23

24

30

20

16

15

18

F o r t W orth
----------------------------------------- --—
G r e e n v ille
__________________________________
H o u s t o n ----------------------------------------------------------J a c k s o n ______________________________________

18

20
30

28
6

11
14

B ir m in g h a m
C h a r le s to n ,
C h a r lo tte

_______________________________
W . Va.

2

14
4
16
15
-

37

24

32

27

3

6
21

64

28

32

40

21

39
13

27
45

38
61
10

28
34
-

38
28

9
52

35

23

20
44

30

30

33
25

27
29

35
25

31

26

27
24

35
33
34

15
8
41

54

38

30

72

23

25
26

76
57

25

46

45

14
35

26
25

93
46

32

22

30
53
23

29
27

36
14

9
10
25

20
34

22
21

25

15

18

37
-

24
-

22
-

19
17

9
-

5

_____________________________________

-

-

8

6

____________________________________

27

15

19

30

25

9

14

22

23

19
22

29
13

35

37
24

29
25

24

M i a m i -----------------------------------------------------------------

29
15

23

19

-

50

33
44

9
16
-

14

27

41

-

36

45

20

18

14

27

27

17

11
-

14

38

41

14

21

27

43

-

34

27

35

50

30

36
40

41
_

J a c k s o n v i l l e _______________________________
L i t t l e R o c k —N o r t h L i t t l e R o c k ____
L o u is v ille
L u bbock
M e m p h is

______________________ — --------------

O r le a n s

______________________________

N o r f o l k —P o r t s m o u t h
C ity

________________________

_

34

17

27

-

18

14

24

28

18
-

30
-

18

16

15

27

24

34
-

______________________________________

R ic h m o n d

__________________________ ________

S a n A n to n io

-------------------------------------------------___________________,____________

13
-

W i l m i n g t o n __________________________________

29

Savannah

____________________________________

W a s h in g t o n

S ee

fo o tn o te




8
10

38

23
15

28

22

29
23

26

6
-

5
-

21

23

23

29
21

25

32

14

17

30

-

26

20

37

32

33

32

27

5

22

24

23
24

34

58

20

38
24

30

31
14
_

27
24

28

32

34

20

36

22

24

26

29

31

32

18

22

31

18

41

28

29
30

23

25

28

36

25

40

6

28

32

32

44

18

47
50

54

56
32

37
6
63

23

39
35

46

26

26

29

and N ew p ort

____________________________

N e w s —H a m p t o n
O k la h o m a

9
-

17

56
45
43

46

19
37
14

33

27
26
40

20
11

20

13
24

51

23
_

19
26
32

R a le ig h

m a te r ia l

21

_______

P i t t s b u r g h ______________________________

N ew

L a b orers,
J a n ito r s

m o t iv e

33

P h ila d e lp h ia

T ren ton

M a c h in ­

21

C ity

P a t e r s o n ^ C l i f t o n —P a s s a i c

P o r tla n d

E le c t r i­

21

___________________________

and J e rs e y

H aven

B

S te n o g ­

__________________ - _________

M a n ch e ste r
N ew

C la s s

S e cre ­

15
-

L a w r e n c e —H a v e r h i l l ______________
N ew ark

A

c le r k s

at end

o f ta b le ,

35

24

35

-

17

24

29
17

18

-

6
-

37

16

8
-

40

19
37

20

21

30

10

59
36

26

31

12

13

20

21

24

10

12

21

30

15

30

21

39
10

20
Table 1. Dispersion of Rates Within Occupations— Continued
(In d e x e s

o f d is p e r s io n 1 fo r

s e le c te d

o c c u p a tio n s

in m a n u fa c t u r in g

a n d n o n m a n u fa c tu r in g ,

82 la b o r m a r k e ts ,

la te

I9 6 0 an d e a r ly

M a n u fa c tu r in g
O ffic e jo b s
R e g io n

C la s s

N orth

(m e n )

O ffic e jo b s

c le r k s
C la s s

A

B

S e cre -

S te n o g -

ta r ie s

raph ers

E le c tr i-

M a c h in is ts

c ia n s

T o o l and
d ie

L a b orers,
J a n ito r s

c le r k s

m a t e r ia l h a n d lin g

m akers

A c c o u n tin g
C la s s

A

C la s s

12
11

2

6

26

26

9

7

19

9
11

14

50

9

27
_

34
_

-------------------------------------------------------------

22

20

21

20

11

10

26

21

22

21

25

21

24

15

21

28

29

20

_____________________________________

26
24

9
20

31

18

25

13

13

17
32

24

22

13

14

19
20

19
23

15

17
24

11
14

28

27

10

13

10

13

6

37

18

29
24

24

5

2

3

15

14

24

13

14

13

21

14

18
21

4

6

2

C le v e la n d

D a v e n p o r t —R o c k

—

I s l a n d r - M o l i n e _____

D a y to n
__________________________________________
D p s M n i n p s ................ ..... ......
D e tr o it
G rppn R a y

_
_____
............... ... .

In d ia n a p o lis
K q n s ^ s C it y

_

__________________________________
. , ................... .....
_ ..

M ilw a u k e e
..........
M i n n e a p o l i s —S t . P a u l
M u s k e g o n —M u s k e g o n

__
H e ig h ts

22

29

20

26

20

17

20

29
23

26

30

34

35

15

23

25

29
30

3

S te n o g ­

ta r ie s

rap h ers

23

ic s ,

a u to­

L a b orers,
J a n ito r s

m o tiv e

m a te r ia l
h a n d lin g

4

41

15

33

16

38

23

5

38

24

32

15

42

31

24

23

31

4

34

24

22

21

22

16

10

47

65

17
-

24

30

33

11

46

23

27

23

40

15

31

26

28

19
22

4

27

6

6

27

28

21

31

8

27

35

10

17

7

12

23

6

10

14

28

25

26

27

25

38

3

13

13

26

18

25

24

25

24

39
35

51
24

30

25

40

6
11
4

26

7

43

25

10

46

11

43

27

17

17

30

25

16

18

11

8

9
14

17

16

12

18

29

23

29
22

12

26

25

28

13

14

13

16

14

33

24

32

24

20

28

7

3

13

30

19

24

27

7

20

16

18

16

22

12

16

24

10

11
_

4
_

____________________________________

20

22
28

28
10

39
17

32

8
4
_

32
27
21

27

22
21
_

23
25
15

T o le d o
__________________________________________
W a te r lo o
_
_____________________
W i n V iit a
..............

15
24

19
22
34
15

24

25

38

30

21

12

............

..

5

12

10

11

20

23

36
32

14

_

23

22
.

5

____
_

18

15

32
44

S o u th B e n d

S e cre ­

21

14

_

_ _____

a

B

25

25

R o r k fo r d
S t . T ,o u i
S im n c F a l l s

(m e n )

19
27

_____
_______________
...................

_ _

P la n t jo b s
M ech an ­

41

24
_

O m aha

(w o m e n )

C en tra l

____________________________________

C h ic a g o

N o n m a n u fa c tu r in g
P la n t jo b s

(w o m e n )

and a rea
A c c o u n tin g

A kron

1961)

25

12
12

33

11

48

4

28
40

4

43
42

14

22

21

33

20

27
55

11
16

33
38

8

43

17

19
31
31
31
25

32
51

22
25

58

28
25

20
26

39
33

8
2

37

30

26

23

21

28

20
32

8

4

19
41
11

18
_
_

4
_

19
3

9
7

19
_

10

7

9

24

50

23
29

25
53
37

W est

A lb u q u e r q u e
R o is e

_.

___

...............

L os

._

A n g e l e s —L o n g

P h o e n ix

_

P o r tla n d
S a l t T .a k e

_______________

_

-

B each

_____________

_

1

C om p u ted

N O TE :




by

D ash es

_
10

10

36

18

14

14

12

18

10

10

14

23

23

23

24

19
21

15

25

24

11

7

11
_

19
24

20

20

19
40

21

21

9
-

5

24

17

8

28

21

24

24

3

14

8

20

18

18

10

11

7

20

18

22

20

27

28

10

35

24

8

12

19
21

28

27

34

4

5

4

17

22

14

30

22

30

24

45

53

-------------------------

17

20

21

18

20

7

5

11

7

18

21

21

12

14

14

13

10

6

13

11

15

18

16

15

8

19

20

23

25

25

4
_

13

29

12
_

19
21

4

7

9
16

_

S e a ttle
....
.
S p o k a n e _____ ______________-

_
14

6
2

13
12

__________
__
____

S an B e r n a r d in o —
R i v e r s i H e —O n t a r i o
S a n F r a n c i s c o —O a k l a n d

_
8

21
15

16

____

_________________ _____ _

r
C it y

_

_

.

D enver

-

_____

d iv id in g

th e

in d ic a t e

d a ta

in t e r q u a r t ile
th a t

do

not

ra n ge
m eet

by

th e

m e d ia n

p u b lic a tio n

and

c r ite r ia .

16

8

m u ltip ly in g

by

100.

28




21
Table 2. Dispersion of Rates Within Occupations by Region
(In d e x e s

o f d is p e r s io n 1 fo r

s e le c te d

U n ite d S ta te s

In d u s try d iv is io n

o c c u p a t io n s 2 in m a n u fa c t u r in g

and

r e g io n s ,

la te

U n ite d S ta te s

a n d o c c u p a tio n

I9 6 0

and

e a r ly

N o rth e a st

a n d n o n m a n u fa c tu r in g

in d u s tr ie s ,

1961)

S o u th

N orth

C en tra l

W est

M a n u fa c tu r in g
A c c o u n t in g

c le r k s ,

c la s s

A

---------- -------------------

22

20

22

17

A c c o u n t in g

c le r k s ,

c la s s

B

___________________

26

27

27

27

21

23

23

25

22

21

S e c r e ta r ie s

____________________________ _____________ _
---------------------------------------------------------

22

21

24

24

17

___________________________________________

13

16

16

10

10

__________________________________________

13

16

13

11

S ten og ra p h ers
E le c tr ic ia n s
M a c h in is ts

.

_

-----------------------------------------

12

14

13

11

9
8

— ________________________________________________

23

22

29

18

19

_________________

22

22

29

16

19

T o o l a n d d ie
J a n ito r s

28

L a b orers,

m ak ers

_

m a t e r ia l h a n d lin g
N o n m a n u fa c tu r in g

A c c o u n tin g

c le r k s ,

c la s s

A

___ ________________

25

28

26

23

25

A c c o u n tin g

c le r k s ,

c la s s

B

___________________

27

28

28

27

23

26

25

27

22

29
13

30

26

_________________________

29
15

29
30
24

10

---------------------------------------------------------------------------

34

37

32

38

9
26

31

27

45

25

21

S e c r e ta r ie s

_____________ ______________________,________

S ten og ra p h ers
M e c h a n ic s ,
J a n ito r s
L a b orers,

*

S im p le
by

-----------------------------------------

m a t e r ia l h a n d lin g

1
tip ly in g

----------------

a u t o m o t iv e

_________________

averages

of

area

in d e x e s

of

d is p e r s io n .

C om p u ted

by

d iv id in g

th e

in t e r q u a r t ile

ran ge b y

th e

m e d ia n

and

100.

E s tim a te s

r e la t e

to

w om en

in

o ffic e

o c c u p a tio n s

and

to

m en

in

p la n t

o c c u p a tio n s .

Table 3. Changes in Indexes of Dispersion
(D is tr ib u tio n

of areas

a c c o r d in g

to n u m b e r

o f p o in ts

ch an ge

in in d e x e s

o f d is p e r s io n ,

17 m a j o r

M a n u fa c t u r in g
P o in ts c h a n g e

3 s k ille d
tra d es 2

4 o ffic e jo b s 1

34
I n c r e a s e s ______
_____________________________
1 0 o r m o r e p o i n t s ___________________________ ------------------ s ----------5 t o 9 p o i n t s _ _____________________________
8
1 t o 4 p o i n t s __________________________________
20
No change

_________________________________________

10

6

D e c r e a s e s ________ ____________________________
1 t o 4 p o i n t s __________________________________
5 t o 9 p o i n t s __ _____________________________
10 o r m o r e p o i n t s ___________________________

24
18
4
2

19
13
2
4

N u m b e r o f c o m p a r is o n s

68

48

1

W om en

2

M en

_____________________

a c c o u n t in g

e le c tr ic ia n s ,

c le r k s ,

c la s s

m a c h in is t s ,

A
and

and
tool

m o t i v e m e c h a n i c s in n o n m a n u f a c t u r in g .
3 M e n ja n it o r s , p o r t e r s , an d c le a n e r s ; a n d

B ;

s e c r e ta r ie s ;

and

d ie

la b o r e r s ,

4 o ffic e jo b s 1

22
5
8
9

45
4
16
25

2

1

3 s k ille d
tra d es 2

10
2 --------------------------- 2-------------------- 5-----------

and

m ak ers

in

m a t e r ia l

1954 to

1961)

N o n m a n u fa c tu r in g
2 u n s k ille d
jo b s 3

23
2
7
14

la b o r m a r k e ts ,

2 u n s k ille d
jo b s 3

16
7
4
5

20
9
4
7
1

3

3
1

5
2

24
10
8
6

34

68

43

13
----------------- 5----------4
3
34

sten og ra p h ers.
m a n u fa c tu r in g ;
h a n d lin g .

m en

ca rp e n te rs,

e le c tr ic ia n s ,

and

a u to­

m u l­




Wage Differences Among Labor Markets

fo r m a n u factu rin g and n on m an u fa ctu rin g se p a r a te ly fo r e a ch a r e a w e re
com p u ted by m u ltip ly in g the a v e r a g e w eek ly s a la r y fo r e a ch o f 17 o ffic e
jo b s and the a v e ra g e s t r a ig h t -tim e h o u rly earn in g s fo r e a ch o f 8 s k ille d
m a in ten an ce jo b s and 2 u n sk illed plant jo b s by the a ll-in d u s tr y e m p lo y ­
m en t in the jo b in all (188) Standard M e tro p o lita n A r e a s co m b in e d . 12

In trod u ction
In te r a r e a d iffe r e n c e s in p a y le v e ls a r e ex a m in ed h e re in
te r m s o f a v e r a g e w age rates fo r o ffic e c le r i c a l, s k ille d m a in te ­
n an ce, and u n s k ille d plant w o r k e r s . P a y le v e ls in the a r e a s studied
a r e e x p r e s s e d as p e r c e n ta g e s o f n ation al le v e ls and a re p r e s e n te d in
the a cco m p a n y in g ta b les fo r a ll in d u str ie s com b in ed and se p a r a te ly
fo r m a n u fa ctu rin g and n on m an u fa ctu rin g.
In te r re g io n a l and in t r a r e g ion a l c o m p a r is o n s o f p a y le v e ls a re m a d e with s p e c ia l attention d e ­
v oted to v a r ia tio n b y com m u n ity s iz e , n ature o f m a n u fa ctu rin g a ctiv ity ,
and d e g r e e o f la b o r -m a n a g e m e n t a g r e e m e n t c o v e r a g e . W ithin a r e a s ,
pay le v e ls in n on m an u factu rin g a re c o m p a r e d w ith m a n u fa ctu rin g .

F o r p u rp o s e s o f this c o m p a r is o n , a g g re g a te s fo r each jo b
and in d u stry grou p a r e e x p r e s s e d as p e r c e n ta g e s o f lik e g rou ps in
the 188 m e tro p o lita n a re a s co m b in e d , ad ju sted f o r d iffe r e n c e s in s u r ­
v e y tim in g .
A s in d ica ted on pa ge 3, the n ationw ide e s tim a te s , on
a v e r a g e , r e la te to F e b r u a r y I960 and Janu ary 1961.
S u rvey data
rela tin g to th ese dates o r to in terv en in g m onths w e re a v a ila b le fo r
76 o f the 82 a r e a s .
The a d ju stm en t fo r tim in g d iffe r e n c e s a s su m e d that the n a ­
tionw ide w age le v e l in c r e a s e d u n ifo r m ly o v e r the 1 1 m onths betw een
annual stu d ies and that an in te r m e d ia te le v e l fo r any in terven in g
m onth, in w hich in div idu al a r e a s w e re stu d ied, cou ld be obtain ed by
adding the e stim a te d w age in cr e m e n t to F e b r u a r y I960 pa y le v e ls . 13

P a y re la tio n s h ip s b a se d on occu p a tio n s in clu d ed in the la b o r
m a rk e t w age su r v e y s w ill not n e c e s s a r ily c o r r e s p o n d c lo s e ly to th ose
obtain ed by co m p a rin g a v e r a g e s f o r b r o a d e r g ro u p s, su ch as a ll p r o ­
d u ction w o r k e r s in m a n u fa ctu rin g , o r f o r s p e c ific in d u s tr ie s . W h erea s
in te r a r e a d iffe r e n c e s in pay fo r p r o d u c tio n w o rk e r s m a y , in so m e
situ a tion s, la r g e ly r e fle c t d iffe r e n c e s in the o c cu p a tio n a l and s k ill
c o m p o s itio n o f the p r o d u c tio n la b o r f o r c e o r in the in cid e n c e and nature
o f in ce n tiv e pa y p la n s, su ch in flu en ce is a lm o s t c o m p le te ly e lim in a ted
h e re by b a sin g the pa y r e la tiv e s on ‘ 'in d ir e c t " jo b s .
The in d u stry
" m ix " v a r ie s g re a tly , h o w e v e r, am ong the la b o r m a rk e ts stu d ied and
is n e c e s s a r ily r e fle c t e d in the a r e a e s tim a te s , p a r t ic u la r ly th ose that
r e la te to m a n u fa ctu rin g and to a ll in d u str ie s com b in e d .

In te ra re a C o m p a ris o n s
A ll In d u stries C om b in ed . O ffice c le r i c a l pay in D e tr o it was
115 p e r c e n t o f the n ationw ide u rban le v e l (ta ble 4 ). The s e c o n d h ig h ­
e st pa y r e la tiv e (11 3), am ong 78 a r e a s in clu d ed in the o ffic e pay c o m ­
p a r is o n s , w as r e c o r d e d in W ilm in gton ( D e l.); C h a rleston (W . V a . ) was
110 p e r c e n t o f the n ational le v e l. B eaum ont—P o r t A rth u r, L os A n g e le s Long B ea ch , and San F r a n c is c o —O akland w e re 109 p e r c e n t, o f the
n ation a l le v e l; C h ica g o , C levela n d , P ittsb u rg h , at 107 p e r c e n t w e re
tied fo r seven th p o s itio n in the ran king. New Y o rk C ity, a ccou n tin g
fo r 1 in 7 o ffic e c le r i c a l w o r k e r s e m p lo y e d in a ll m e tro p o lita n a r e a s ,
ranked 17th (with A k r o n , W a terb u ry , and W ich ita) at 102 p e r ce n t. 14

D eta iled r e p o r t s is s u e d on the Bureau*s su r v e y s in in dividu al
la b o r m a rk e ts in d ica te that in div idu al e m p lo y e e pay ra tes w ithin the
sa m e occu p a tio n and in d u stry d iv is io n w e re d is tr ib u te d o v e r a w ide
ran ge; quite c o m m o n ly , the h igh est in div id u al ra tes e x c e e d e d the lo w e s t
ra tes in the sa m e com m u n ity by 100 p e r c e n t o r m o r e .
In evitab ly ,
th e r e fo r e , su bsta n tial o v e r la p m a y b e found in the e m p lo y e e d is t r ib u ­
tions in a r e a s w ith sig n ific a n tly d iffe r e n t a v e r a g e ra tes f o r the sa m e
o ccu p a tio n .
In ad dition, the m agn itude o f w age d iffe r e n c e s betw een
any tw o o f the a r e a s studied v a r ie d am ong o c cu p a tio n s .

12
The jo b s a r e lis te d on p. 32 and the em p loy m en t e stim a te s
ap p ear in ta b les A - l and A - 2 on pp. 5—12.
13
S u rvey m on th s in 1961 and a r e a s fo r w hich an ad ju stm ent
cou ld not be m a de w e r e :
F e b r u a r y — L o u is v ille ; M a rch — B u rlin gton
and T o le d o ; M ay— San A n ton io and Spokane; June— N orfolk —P o rtsm o u th
and N ew port News—H am pton.
14
If c o m p a r is o n s w e re b a se d on a v e r a g e h o u rly ea rn in g s in ­
stead o f a v e r a g e w eek ly s a la r ie s , New Y o rk C ity w ould rank th ird
am ong the a r e a s . A v e r a g e w eek ly h ou rs fo r o ffic e w o r k e r s a v era g ed
36. 3 in New Y o rk C ity, 39. 0 in W ilm in gton , 39. 6 in C h a rle s to n , and
39. 7 in D e tr o it. W h erea s a v e r a g e w eek ly s a la r ie s o f N ew Y o r k C ity o f ­
fic e w o r k e r s am ounted to 9 3 p e r c e n t o f the C h a rle s to n l e v e l (102 -7- 110),
a v e r a g e w eek ly h ou rs in New Y o rk C ity am ounted to 92 p e r c e n t o f the
C h a rleston w o rk sch ed u le. On an h o u rly earn in g s b a s is , D e tr o it and
W ilm in gton had equ al pay le v e ls — slig h tly a b ove New Y o rk C ity c l e r ­
ic a l pay.

The u se o f a v e r a g e s fo r the sa m e jo b s in e a ch a r e a , to g e th e r
w ith the a ssu m p tion o f a constan t em p lo y m e n t re la tio n s h ip betw een jo b s
in a ll a r e a s , e lim in a te s in te r a r e a d iffe r e n c e s in o c cu p a tio n a l c o m p o s i­
tion as a fa c t o r in exam in in g pay le v e ls . A lth ough a d ju stm en ts w e re
m ade f o r d iffe r e n c e s in the tim in g o f s u r v e y s in in div idu al a r e a s , the
m u ltip lic ity o f w age a ction s w ithin la b o r m a rk e ts p r e c lu d e s obtain in g
e x a ct c o m p a r a b ility through the p r o c e d u r e ou tlin ed b e lo w .
M ethod o f C om puting A r e a P a y R e la tiv e s
The fo llo w in g m eth od w as u sed in com pu tin g the data u sed in
the w age c o m p a r is o n s .
A g g r e g a te s f o r a ll in d u str ie s co m b in e d and




23

24

W ashington, D. C. , at 99 p e r c e n t, sh a red 31st rank w ith fiv e a r e a s ,
a ll e x ce p t on e (St. L o u is ) h aving m u ch s m a lle r p o p u la tio n s. Pay r e l ­
a tiv e s in s ix sou th ern and th r e e n o rth e a ste r n a r e a s w e r e c lu s te r e d
at 7 9 -8 4 p e r c e n t o f n ation a l pa y.
S killed m a in ten a n ce w o r k e r s , a ls o w e r e h ig h est paid in D e tr o it
(111 p e r c e n t o f n ation a l pay) w ith a r e la tiv e o f 110 r e c o r d e d in San
F r a n c is c o —O akland. T ie d fo r th ird p o s itio n (107 p e r c e n t) w e r e C h a r le s ­
ton (W. Va. ), C h ica g o, and D avenport—R o c k I s la n d -M o lin e .
The pay
r e la tiv e fo r B e a u m o n t-P o r t A rth u r and D ayton w as 106 c o m p a r e d with
105 fo r L o u is v ille , M ilw au k ee, P ittsb u rg h , P o r tla n d (O re g . ), South
Bend, and T o le d o . F o u rte e n o th e r a r e a s , w id e ly se p a ra te d g e o g r a p h ­
ic a lly , w e r e c lu s te r e d at the 1 0 1 -1 0 4 p e r c e n t le v e l. A m on g 69 a r e a s
c o m p a r e d ,15 the lo w e s t pay le v e l (68 p e r c e n t) w as r e c o r d e d in G r e e n ­
v ille (S. C. ); next lo w e s t w e re P o r tla n d (M aine) at 80 p e r c e n t, L ittle
R o c k -N o r th L ittle R o ck at 83 p e r c e n t, and J a c k s o n v ille and P r o v i ­
d e n ce at 84 p e r c e n t.
P a y r e la t iv e s fo r the u n sk illed plant w o r k e r g rou p ran ged
fr o m 123 in San F r a n c is c o —O akland and 122 in A k ro n to 61 in J a c k son ( M i s s .) . A s show n in the fo llo w in g tabu lation , 21 o f 27 sou th ern
a r e a s had pay r e la t iv e s b e lo w 85 (11 w e r e b e lo w 75).
T h is fin din g
c o n tr a s ts sh a rp ly w ith the r e la tiv e pa y le v e ls o f o ffic e c l e r i c a l and
sk ille d m a in ten a n ce w o r k e r s in sou th ern m e tr o p o lita n a r e a s .
D i s t r i b u t i o n o f a r e a r e l a t i v e s ___________
N um ber
of
Job grou p and r e g io n

a reas

U nder
85

85

95

105

and under

and under
105

over

95

The i m p a c t of s o u t h e r n u n sk illed la b o r ra tes on a l l ­
m e tro p o lita n a r e a a v e r a g e s is r e fle c t e d in c o m p a r a tiv e ly h ig h e r pa y
r e la tiv e s in oth er r e g io n s fo r this e m p loy m en t grou p than fo r o ffic e
and s k ille d m a in ten a n ce w o r k e r s .
In the N orth C en tra l r e g io n , fo r
ex a m p le, 14 o f 24 a r e a s had r e la tiv e s o f 105 and o v e r f o r u n sk illed
plant w o r k e r s ; c o m p a r a b le e s tim a te s fo r o ffic e and s k ille d m a in te ­
nan ce w o r k e r s w e re r e c o r d e d fo r 5 and 7 a r e a s , r e s p e c t iv e ly , am ong
2 2
areas.

E xplanation s fo r the d is p e r s io n o f a r e a pa y r e la tiv e s w ithin
and am ong r e g io n s can in v o lv e a v a r ie ty o f f a c t o r s , in clu din g (but not
lim ite d to) d iffe r e n c e s in in d u str ia l c o m p o s itio n , s iz e o f com m u n ity ,
and la b o r -m a n a g e m e n t a g r e e m e n t c o v e r a g e . T h e se fa c t o r s a re g e n ­
e r a lly in te r r e la te d and the in flu en ce o f a sin g le fa c t o r can s e ld o m be
is o la te d . The a s s o c ia t io n o f r e la tiv e pa y le v e ls w ith a p a r t ic u la r fa c to r
in this e x a m in a tion d o e s not n e c e s s a r ily im p ly a c a u sa l re la tio n s h ip .

N ation w ide, pa y le v e ls f o r e a c h o f the th ree jo b g rou p s tended
to be h ig h est in la r g e m e tro p o lita n a r e a s , and h ig h e r in m e d iu m -s iz e
a r e a s than in s m a ll a r e a s .
A s show n in the fo llo w in g tabu lation , a
c le a r m a jo r it y o f the a r e a s w ith 1 m illio n o r m o r e p op u la tion had pay
r e la tiv e s o f 100 o r m o r e ; am ong a r e a s w ith le s s than 250, 000 p op u ­
la tion , 30 p e r c e n t had r e la tiv e s o f 100 o r m o r e fo r u n s k ille d plant
w o r k e r s and m u ch s m a lle r p r o p o r t io n s equ aled o r e x c e e d e d n ational
a v e r a g e le v e ls fo r o ffic e c l e r i c a l o r s k ille d m a in ten an ce w o r k e r s .

and
P e r c e n t o f a re a s w it h p a y
re la tiv e s o f

O ffic e s
10
15

1
5

14

3

3

3

6

2

N o r t h e a s t -----------------------------N o r t h C e n t r a l -----------------------

19
22

3
2

5
2

S ou th

-------------------------------------

26

6

W e s t ------------------------------------------

11

-

S k ille d m a in t e n a n c e :
N o r t h e a s t ------------------------------

18

2

8

7

1

N o r t h C e n t r a l ----------------------S o u t h --------------------------------------W e s t ..............................................

22
21
8

_

13
5
6

7
3
2

3

2
10

-

-

A r e a s w it h p o p u l a t io n o f —

1 , OCX), 0 0 0 o r m o r e

--------------------------------

2 5 0 , 0 0 0 b u t le s s t h a n 1 , 0 0 0 , 0 0 0
L es s t h a n 2 5 0 , 0 0 0

—

----------------------------------

100 o r m o re

O ffic e

S k ille d

U n s k ille d

c le r ic a l

m a in te n a n c e

p la n t

57

74

61

38

44

44

13

8

30

U n s k ille d p la n t:
N orth ea st

20

8

4

24

1
-

7

N o r t h C e n t r a l -----------------------

2

8

14

S ou th
----------------------------------- -W e s t ..............................................

27
11

21
2

2
1

2
5

2
5

A le s s c le a r - c u t w age s u p e r io r ity w as in d ica ted fo r the la rg e
m e tro p o lita n a r e a s when the e x a m in a tion w as d ir e c t e d to c o m p a r is o n s
w ithin b r o a d r e g io n s . U sin g m e d ia n -a r e a r e la t iv e s fo r this p u rp o s e ,
pay le v e ls in the la r g e a r e a s w e re not c o n s is te n tly a b ove th ose in the
15
M o st o f the 13 a r e a s fo r w h ich p u b lica tio n o f s k ille d m a inoth
­ er a r e a - s i z e g ro u p s . M e d ia n -a r e a pa y r e la tiv e s p r e s e n te d in the
fo llo w in g tabu lation r e v e a l h ig h e st p a y le v e ls in the la r g e a r e a s in
ten an ce pay in d ex es w as not w a rra n ted w e re in the South and N ew
8
o f 12 jo b g r o u p -r e g io n c o m p a r is o n s .
P a y r e la tiv e s in the s m a llE ngland and had a p op u la tion o f le s s than 2 5 0 ,0 0 0 . S in ce p a y in d ex es
a r e a g rou p w e re lo w e s t by 5 o r m o r e p e r ce n ta g e poin ts in a ll e x ­
fo r o ffic e w o r k e r s and u n s k ille d plant w o r k e r s w e re b e lo w 90 in a ll
cep t tw o situ a tion s; th o se f o r o ffic e c l e r i c a l and u n sk illed plant w o r k ­
e x ce p t a few o f th e se a r e a s , it can be a s su m e d that the s k ille d m a in ­
e r s in the N orth C en tra l r e g io n did not d iffe r s ig n ific a n tly by s iz e
ten an ce w o r k e r s in m o s t o f th ese 13 a r e a s a v e r a g e d le s s than 90 p e r ­
o f com m u n ity .
cen t o f the n ation a l le v e l f o r this jo b g rou p .




25

M e d ia n -a r e a p a y r e la t iv e s a m o n g la b o r
________ m a r k e t s w i t h p o p u l a t i o n o f - — _______

Job g ro u p and r e g io n
O ffic e c le r ic a l:
---------------------------N orth ea st
N o r t h C e n t r a l — ----------------S o u t h --------------------------------------W e s t ----------------------------------------S k ille d m a in te n a n c e :
N orth ea st
----------------------------N o r t h C e n t r a l ---------------------S o u t h --------------------------------------W e s t ----------------------------------------U n s k ille d p la n t:
N o r t h e a s t -------------------------------N o r t h C e n t r a l -----------------------S o u t h --------------------------------------W e s t ............................. ..................

1 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0
or m ore

2 5 0 , 0 0 0 b u t le s s
th a n 1 ,0 0 0 , 0 0 0

L ess t h a n
2 5 0 ,0 0 0

101
100
95
109

99
101
90
99

90
98
82

98
104
94
104

92
1 01
92
104

87
93
83

103
108
78
113

96
106
79
1 01

90
108
67

S in ce ea ch la b o r m a rk e t has a unique in d u stry m ix , any c l a s ­
s ific a tio n s y s te m s e le c t e d to p e r m it rela tin g the pay le v e l to the type
o f m a n u factu rin g in a la r g e n u m ber o f m a rk e ts w ould be som ew h a t
a r b itr a r y .
F o r p u r p o s e s o f this study, a r e a s w e re grou p ed a c c o r d ­
ing to the p e r c e n ta g e o f tota l em p loy m en t in m a n u factu rin g that was
c o n c e n tra te d in the m e t a ls , m e ta lw o r k in g , c h e m ic a ls , p e tro le u m r e ­
fin in g, and ru b b e r in d u str ie s co m b in e d . 6
A n e a r ly equ al d iv is io n o f the a r e a s w as obtain ed by e s t a b ­
lish in g the lim its o f em p loy m en t c o n c e n tra tio n in the s e le c t e d in d u s­
t r ie s as fo llo w s :
L e s s than 50 p e r c e n t; 50 to 69 p e r c e n t; and 70 o r
m o r e p e r c e n t.
A fu rth e r s o r tin g into t h r e e -a r e a p opu la tion g rou ps
r e su lte d in nine c e lls as show n in the fo llo w in g tabulation:

M e d ia n - a r e a p a y in d e x e s

In te r re g io n a l c o m p a r is o n s o f m e d ia n -a r e a p a y r e la tiv e s ( e x ­
clud ing the s m a ll -a r e a grou p f o r w h ich no e s tim a te s c o u ld be p r e ­
sen ted fo r the W est) r e v e a le d that p a y le v e ls fo r o ffic e and u n sk illed
plant w o r k e r s w e re h igh est in the W est in la r g e a re a s and h ig h est in
the N orth C en tra l r e g io n in m e d iu m -s iz e a r e a s ; fo r s k ille d m a in te ­
n an ce e m p lo y e e s p a y m ed ia n s in th ese re g io n s w e re id e n tica l fo r la r g e
a r e a s , w ith the W est h oldin g a slig h t advantage in m e d iu m -s iz e a r e a s .
Sou th ern le v e ls w e re lo w e s t w ith the e x ce p tio n o f th ose fo r s k ille d
m a in ten an ce w o r k e r s in m e d iu m -s iz e a r e a s , w h ere the lo w e s t p o s i ­
tion was sh a re d w ith the N orth ea st.

P e r c e n t o f m a n u fa c t u r in g e m p lo y m e n t
in m e t a l s ,

m e t a lw o r k in g ,

o i l r e fin in g ,
A r e a p o p u la t io n

L e ss t h a n 5 0

c h e m ic a ls ,

a n d r u b b e r in d u s t r ie s
5 0 -6 9

70 or m ore

A ll areas

O f f ic e w orkers
1 , 0 0 0 , 0 0 0 o r m o r e --------------------------2 5 0 , 0 0 0 b u t le s s t h a n 1, 0 0 0 , 0 0 0
L ess t h a n 2 5 0 , 0 0 0 ----------------------------A l l a r e a s ----------------------------------------------

99
88
83
89

98
97
_

98

106
103
98
102

100
96
90
97

S k ille d m a in te n a n c e w ork ers

In form a tion on m a n u fa ctu rin g em p lo y m e n t in ea ch o f the a r e a s
is p r o v id e d in appendix B on pa ge 5 7 . It can be n oted that the p e r ­
cent o f tota l em p lo y m e n t (w ithin s c o p e o f the B u reau su r v e y s ) a ccou n ted
fo r b y m a n u fa ctu rin g a c tiv ity v a r ie d w id e ly am ong a r e a s . With v e r y
few e x c e p tio n s , a m a jo r it y o f the w o r k e r s in a r e a s in the N orth ea st
and N orth C en tra l r e g io n s w e re in m a n u fa ctu rin g . B y w ay o f c o n tra s t,
m a n u factu rin g em p lo y m e n t d om in a ted in on ly 10 o f 27 sou th ern a re a s
and in 2 o f 11 w e s te r n a r e a s . T o the extent that a v e r a g e pay le v e ls
in m an u factu rin g d iffe r fr o m th ose in n on m an u fa ctu rin g a c tiv it ie s within
the sa m e a r e a s , in te r a r e a d iffe r e n c e s m e a s u r e d fr o m a ll-in d u s tr y
a v e r a g e s can r e fle c t v a r ia tio n in the d iv is io n o f em p loy m en t b etw een
the two b r o a d in d u stry d iv is io n s .
The ty p es o f m a n u factu rin g a c tiv it ie s , and the d e g r e e o f e m ­
p loy m en t co n c e n tra tio n in them ap p ea r to be m a jo r fa c t o r s in d e t e r ­
m in in g m a rk e t pay le v e ls . E x am in ation o f the in d u stry m ix in a r e a s
w ith a b o v e -a v e r a g e pay le v e ls in d ica ted that n e a r ly a ll a r e a s had m a jo r
co n c e n tra tio n s o f m a n u factu rin g em p lo y m e n t in c o m p a r a tiv e ly h ig h w age in d u str ie s su ch as c h e m ic a ls , p e tr o le u m re fin in g , ru b b e r, s te e l,
tr a n sp o rta tio n equ ipm ent, o r oth er m e ta l p r o d u c ts . C o n v e r s e ly , a r e a s
in w hich m a jo r m a n u factu rin g em p loy m en t was c o n c e n tra te d in te x tile s ,
a p p a re l, fo o tw e a r , o r lo w e r w age fo o d in d u s tr ie s , su ch as canning and
p r e s e r v in g and co tto n se e d o il m ills , ten ded to have pay le v e ls w ell
b e lo w n ationw ide a v e r a g e s .




1 , 0 0 0 , 0 0 0 o r m o r e -------------------------

96

2 5 0 , 0 0 0 b u t le s s t h a n 1, 0 0 0 , 0 0 0
L ess t h a n 2 5 0 , 0 0 0 ------------------------- --

91
87

A l l a r e a s ------------------------------------------------

90

100
97
-

98
U n s k ille d

104

101

103
94

98
89

103

98

p la n t w o r k e r s

1 , 0 0 0 , 0 0 0 o r m o r e -------------------------

100

103

77

101
97

111

2 5 0 , 0 0 0 b u t le s s t h a n 1 , 0 0 0 , 0 0 0

110

96

L ess t h a n 2 5 0 , 0 0 0 ------------------------------

83

-

105

90

A l l a r e a s -----------------------------------------------

81

100

110

97

16
M an u fa ctu rin g M a jo r G rou p s 19, 28, 29, 30, and 33 th rough
37 as d efin ed in the 1957 ed ition o f the Standard In d u stria l C l a s s if i­
ca tion M an u al, p r e p a r e d b y the B u reau o f the B udget. The B u re a u , s
m on th ly s e r ie s o f g r o s s a v e r a g e h o u rly ea rn in g s fo r p r o d u c tio n w o r k ­
e r s in d ica te s that th ese M a jo r G rou ps rank am ong the 11 h igh est in
n ationw ide pay le v e l; prin tin g and pu blish in g w as ex clu d e d , s in c e this
a c tiv ity is found in e a ch a r e a , and in stru m en ts and r e la te d p r o d u c ts
was om itte d b e c a u s e this grou p a ccou n ted fo r le s s than 5 p e r c e n t o f
m an u factu rin g em p loy m en t (w ithin s c o p e o f the B u r e a u 's w age stu d ies)
in 76 o f the 82 a r e a s .

26

R e c o g n iz in g that oth er p o s s ib le p a y -in flu en cin g c h a r a c t e r is t ic s
a r e not tr e a te d
in this tabu lation , so m e g e n e r a l c o n c lu s io n s n e v e r ­
th e le s s ap p ea r to b e w a rra n ted .
Quite ev id en tly , in d u stry m ix (as
m e a s u r e d h e re ) and co m m u n ity s iz e a r e both im p orta n t d eterm in a n ts
o f a r e a pa y le v e ls . The m a x im u m poin t sp re a d s in the m ed ia n v a lu es
in d ica te that in d u stry is le a s t im p orta n t in the la r g e - c i t y grou p . S im ­
ila r ly , the m a x im u m p oin t sp re a d w ithin the a r e a g rou p w ith the
h ig h est c o n c e n tra tio n o f nh ig h -w a g e n in d u str ie s is m u ch s m a lle r
than in th ose g rou p s having the lo w e s t co n c e n tra tio n o f "h ig h -w a g e "
in d u s tr ie s .




The s m a lle r p oin t s p re a d s fo r s k ille d m a in ten an ce w o rk e r s
a re ex p la in ed by the fa c t, as p r e v io u s ly in d ica ted , that m o s t o f the
13 a r e a s f o r w h ich p u b lica tio n o f p a y r e la tiv e s fo r this jo b g rou p w e re
not w a rra n ted , w e r e in the South and New E ngland and had a p o p u la ­
tion o f le s s than 250, 000. The re la tio n s h ip o f m ed ia n s f o r u n sk illed
plant w o r k e r s in a r e a s having the lo w e s t co n c e n tra tio n o f "h ig h -w a g e 11
in d u str ie s a ls o r e fle c t s the r e g io n a l fa c t o r ; 9 o f the 13 a r e a s in the
m e d iu m -s iz e a r e a grou p w e re in the South as c o m p a r e d w ith 6 o f
14 in the s m a ll-a r e a g rou p .
M edian s fo r the South in the m ed iu m
and s m a ll a r e a s w e re 73 and 67, r e s p e c t iv e ly .

Relationship of Area Pay Indexes for Unskilled Plant Workers to Area Percentage of Plant Workers
Covered by Labor-Management Agreements, 1960—61
Pay index
130

o
oo

120
°
no -

QD°

▲

oo
° - cP— £ - c* &

100

OO
90

a

-

9 °c
Zo

°o

80

A
o

70

AA
4

A

A

A A
A

60

~

A
A

Southern A r e a s

o

Non-South ern A r e a s

_L_

50
10

20

30

40

50

60

70

Percent of plant workers covered by labor-management agreements

80

90

100

27

L a b o r “ M an agem en t A g r e e m e n t C o v e r a g e * The su r v e y s on
w h ich the a n a ly s e s in this r e p o r t a r e b a s e d e s ta b lis h e d the extent to
w h ich plant and o ffic e w o r k e r s w e re e m p lo y e d under te r m s o f la b o r m a n a gem en t a g r e e m e n t s ,17
A g r e e m e n t c o v e r a g e o f plant w o r k e r s
ran ged fr o m le s s than 20 p e r c e n t in 5 sou th ern a r e a s to m o r e than
90 p e r c e n t in 6 a r e a s ou tsid e the South; c o v e r a g e o f o ffic e w o r k e r s
am ounted to 25 p e r c e n t o r m o r e in on ly 9 o f the 82 a r e a s .
The
re la tio n s h ip o f a r e a pa y in d ex es fo r u n s k ille d plant w o r k e r s to the
p e r ce n ta g e o f plant w o r k e r s c o v e r e d b y union a g re e m e n ts is p r e s e n te d
in the a cco m p a n y in g s c a t te r d ia g r a m .
A m on g the 82 a r e a s , h a lf w e re found to have le s s than 70 p e r ­
cen t o f the plant w o r k e r s e m p lo y e d under te r m s o f c o lle c t iv e b a rg a in in g
a g r e e m e n ts .
A s show n in the fo llo w in g tabu lation , about fo u r -fift h s o f
the a r e a s that fe ll into the lo w e r h a lf o f the a r e a s in an a r r a y by d e ­
g r e e o f a g r e e m e n t c o v e r a g e had p a y le v e ls that w e re b e lo w the n ational
a v e ra g e le v e l. A m on g a r e a s w ith 70 o r m o r e p e r c e n t a g r e e m e n t c o v e r ­
a ge, pa y le v e ls equ aled o r e x c e e d e d n ation a l p a y in a m a jo r it y o f c a s e s .

P ay r e la tiv e s ran ged fr o m le s s than 90 to m o r e than 105
w ithin ea ch o f the s ix jo b g r o u p -a g r e e m e n t c o v e r a g e c a t e g o r ie s .
C h a rle s to n and R o c k fo r d , fo r e x a m p le , had pa y r e la tiv e s o f 110 and
1 0 0 , r e s p e c tiv e ly ,
f o r u n s k ille d plant w o r k e r s ; in ea ch o f th ese a r e a s ,
b etw een 35 and 40 p e r c e n t o f the plant w o r k e r s w e re c o v e r e d b y a g r e e ­
m en ts. B y w ay o f c o n tra s t, L ittle R ock and M a n ch e ste r, w ith n e a r ly
tw o -th ir d s c o v e r e d b y a g r e e m e n ts , had u n sk illed p a y r e la t iv e s o f 69
and 75. A s noted e a r lie r , the n atu re o f m a n u factu rin g a c tiv it ie s a p ­
p e a rs to be a m a jo r d eterm in a n t o f m a rk e t pa y le v e ls .
M o re than
h a lf o f m a n u factu rin g em p loy m en t w ithin s c o p e o f the C h a rleston s u r ­
v ey w as in the c h e m ic a l in d u s tr ie s , w hile R o c k fo r d is dom in a ted by
m e ta lw o rk in g .
The L ittle R ock and M a n ch e ste r a r e a s have on ly sligh t
em p loy m en t in su ch r e la t iv e ly h ig h -w a g e in d u s tr ie s .
In dustry D iv is io n s .
P a y r e la tiv e s a re show n s e p a r a te ly in
ta ble 4 fo r m a n u factu rin g and n on m an u fa ctu rin g, b a se d on 188-a r e a
pay le v e ls fo r ea ch o f th ese d iv is io n s .
The o m is s io n o f e stim a te s
fo r s k ille d m a in ten an ce in n on m an u fa ctu rin g r e fle c t s the co n c e n tra tio n
o f this em p lo y m e n t g rou p in m a n u factu rin g a c tiv it ie s . 18

N u m b e r o f a rea s w it h s p e c i f i e d p r o p o r t io n
o f p la n t w o r k e r s c o v e r e d b y l a b o r m a n a g e m e n t a g r e e m e n t s — ___________
Job grou p
O ffic e c le r ic a l,

tota l

----------------------

A r e a p a y b e lo w n a t io n a l l e v e l

U nder 7 0 p ercen t

70 or m ore

38

40

33

15

A r e a p a y e q u a le d o r e x c e e d e d
n a t i o n a l l e v e l ----------------------------

5

25

S k i l l e d m a i n t e n a n c e , t o t a l ----------A r e a p a y b e lo w n a t io n a l l e v e l

31
25

38
14

A r e a p a y e q u a le d o r e x c e e d e d
n a t i o n a l p a y --------------------------------

6

24

41

41

34

8

7

33

U n s k ille d p la n t, t o t a l

---------------------

A r e a p a y b e lo w n a t io n a l l e v e l
A r e a p a y e q u a le d o r e x c e e d e d
n a t i o n a l p a y ----------------------- —

P ay r e la tiv e v alu es and rank p o s itio n o f in div idu al a r e a s w ithin
m a n u factu rin g and n on m an u factu rin g d iffe r e d som ew h at betw een the
d iv is io n s and fr o m the a ll-in d u s tr y p a y r e la tiv e s d is c u s s e d e a r lie r .
The ran ge o f r e la tiv e s w as su b sta n tia lly g r e a te r f o r o ffic e w o rk e r s
in m a n u factu rin g than in n on m an u fa ctu rin g, as in d ica ted in the f o l ­
low in g tabu lation ;

A r e a p a y r e la t iv e s

O ffic e

The s im ila r it y betw een o ffic e c l e r i c a l and sk ille d m a in te ­
nance w o r k e r s in the re la tio n s h ip b etw een a r e a pa y in d ex es and a g r e e ­
m en t c o v e r a g e w as h eigh ten ed when lim ite d to the 67 a re a s fo r w hich
pa y r e la tiv e s a r e show n fo r both jo b g rou p s in ta ble 4.
A m on g
29 a r e a s w ith le s s than 70 p e r c e n t o f the plant w o r k e r s e m p lo y e d
under a g r e e m e n ts , a r e a pay was b e lo w n ational pa y in 24 a re a s fo r
o ffic e c l e r i c a l w o r k e r s and 23 a r e a s fo r the s k ille d m a in ten an ce e m ­
p lo y e e s ; am ong 38 a r e a s with 70 o r m o r e p e r c e n t c o v e r a g e , a r e a
pa y equ aled o r e x c e e d e d n ational p a y in 23 a r e a s fo r o ffic e c le r i c a l
e m p lo y e e s and 24 a r e a s fo r s k ille d m a in ten an ce w o r k e r s .

3 lo w e s t

3 h ig h e s t
M a n u fa c t u r in g :
----------------------- - -

C h a r le s t o n

--------------------------------

121

G r e e n v i l l e --------------------------------------------

----------------------------------------

119

S cra n to n

B e a u m o n t - P o r t A r t h u r -----------

114

P r o v i d e n c e --------------------------------------------

80

D e t r o it

120

G r e e n v i l l e ---------------------------------------------

60

D e tr o it

U n s k i l l e d p l a n t ------ - -

A k ron ,

---------------------------------------C h a r le s to n ,

and

S a n F r a n c i s c o - O a k l a n d ------

119

------------------ ---------------------------

77
79

C h a r l o t t e -----------------------------------------------

61

L u bbock

62

-------------------------------------------------

N o n m a n u fa ctu r in g :
O ffic e

-----------------------■ --

C h ic a g o ,

L os A n g e l e s -

L on g B each ,

U n s k i l l e d p l a n t ------ —

and

L ittle R o c k - N o r t h L it t le R o c k ,

San
110

S a n F r a n c i s c o - O a k l a n d --------

128
118
115

S e a t t le
T o le d o

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------

a n d P r o v i d e n c e ------

84

------------------------------------------------Jack son
S a n A n to n io
---------------------------------------N e w O r l e a n s ----------------------------------------

65
67
68

M a n ch e ste r,

F r a n c i s c o - O a k l a n d -------------

17
E s tim a te s o f a g re e m e n t c o v e r a g e o f plant and o ffic e w o r k e r s
18
F o u r -fift h s o f the a g g re g a te em p loy m en t in the eigh t s k ille d
w ithin s c o p e o f s u r v e y a r e p r e s e n te d f o r ea ch a r e a in BL.S B u lle ­
m a in ten an ce jo b s s e le c t e d f o r this study w as in m a n u fa ctu rin g ; in
tin 1 2 8 5 -8 3 , W ages and R ela ted B e n e fits, 82 L a b o r M a rk e ts, 1960-61.
fo u r tra d e s (to o l and die m a k e r s , p ip e fitte r s , m a in ten an ce m e c h a n ­
A ll plant o r o ffic e w o r k e r s w e re c o n s id e r e d to be c o v e r e d by an a g r e e ­
i c s , and m a c h in is ts ), m o r e than 90 p e r c e n t o f the w o r k e r s w ere
m en t if the te r m s o f one o r m o r e a g r e e m e n ts a p p lied to a m a jo r it y in
in m a n u fa ctu rin g .
the esta b lis h m e n t.




28

A r e a s w ith m a jo r co n c e n tra tio n s o f e m p lo y m e n t in c h e m ic a l,
p e tro le u m re fin in g , s t e e l, o r auto p r o d u c tio n had pay r e la t iv e s f o r
m a n u fa ctu rin g that e x c e e d e d pay r e la t iv e s f o r c o u n te rp a rt jo b s in n on ­
m a n u fa ctu rin g by 10 o r m o r e p e r c e n ta g e p o in ts . F o r o ffic e w o r k e r s ,
fo r e x a m p le , D e tr o it pay w as 119 p e r c e n t o f n ation a l pa y in m a n u ­
fa ctu rin g as c o m p a r e d w ith 106 p e r c e n t in n on m an u fa ctu rin g; pay r e l ­
a tiv es f o r u n sk illed plant w o r k e r s in D e tr o it w e r e 1 poin t h ig h er
than fo r o ffic e w o r k e r s in e a ch in d u stry d iv is io n . B eaum ont—P o r t
A r th u r, B irm in g h a m , and C h a rle s to n had a g r e a te r p oin t sp re a d than
D e tr o it in th e ir pa y p o s it io n r e la tiv e to n ationw ide a v e r a g e s fo r m a n u ­
fa ctu rin g and n on m an u fa ctu rin g. The r e v e r s e situ ation , in w h ich a r e a s
had a m u ch h ig h er p o s itio n in the n on m an u fa ctu rin g s c a le than in m anu­
fa c tu r in g , w as n oted in C h ica g o , P r o v id e n c e , and a n u m ber o f s m a lle r
a r e a s ; the poin t d iffe r e n c e s w e re g e n e r a lly g r e a te r f o r the u n sk illed
g rou p than f o r o ffic e w o r k e r s . It sh ou ld be em p h a siz e d that in m o s t
a r e a s the in d u stry pa y r e la tiv e s w e r e quite s im ila r ; in A tlan ta, P h ila ­
delp h ia , and D a lla s, to illu s tr a te th is, the in d u stry r e la tiv e s d iffe r e d by
2
poin ts o r le s s in the c a s e o f o f f ic e w o r k e r s and u n sk illed w o r k e r s .
Intra^-area D iffe r e n c e s
The u se o f 188 a r e a a ll-in d u s tr y o c cu p a tio n a l em p loy m en t e s ­
tim a tes as w eigh ts in a ll a r e a s and f o r m a n u fa ctu rin g and n on m a n u fa c­
tu ring p e r m its d ir e c t c o m p a r is o n o f o f f ic e and u n sk illed pay le v e ls in
the tw o in d u stry d iv is io n s .
A m on g 50 a r e a s in the o ffic e pay c o m ­
p a r is o n , on ly 2 (M ia m i and S cran ton ) had h ig h e r pay in n o n m a n u fa ctu r­
ing; New H aven had s im ila r le v e ls in the tw o d iv is io n s , and n onm an u ­
fa ctu rin g pa y am oun ted to le s s than 85 p e r c e n t o f m a n u fa ctu rin g pay
(in the sa m e a rea ) in 10 a r e a s , 6 o f w h ich w e re in the South. N on ­




m a n u factu rin g pay w as lo w e r in re la tio n to m a n u factu rin g pa y in th ose
a re a s in w hich m a n u factu rin g e m p loy m en t w as h e a v ily c o n c e n tra te d in
r e la tiv e ly high -w age in d u s tr ie s . The lo w e s t p e r c e n ta g e s w e re r e c o r d e d
in C h a rle s to n (7 2 ), W ilm in gton (7 4 ), B eaum ont—P o r t A rth u r (7 8 ), B i r ­
m ingham (7 9 ), and D e tr o it (8 0 ).
U n sk illed plant w o r k e r pa y rates w e re lo w e r in n on m a n u fa c­
turing in 59 o f 77 a r e a s p e rm ittin g c o m p a r is o n . A r e a s in w h ich n on ­
m a n u factu rin g pa y e x c e e d e d that in m a n u factu rin g b y 10 p e r c e n t o r
m o r e w e re B o is e , C h a rlotte, G r e e n v ille , M a n ch e ste r, P r o v id e n c e , and
R o c k fo r d .
B y w ay o f c o n tra s t, n on m an u fa ctu rin g pa y am ounted to le s s
than 85 p e r c e n t o f m a n u fa ctu rin g pay in 17 a r e a s , o f w h ich 9 w e re in
the South and 7 w e r e in the N orth C en tra l re g io n .
E xplanation fo r the g rea t v a ria tio n in m a n u f a c t u r i n g ­
n onm an ufacturin g pay r e la tio n s h ip s is , thus, to be found la r g e ly in the
in d u stry m ix fa c t o r .
A r e a s w ith r e la t iv e ly h ig h -w a g e m a n u fa ctu r­
ing a c tiv ity tend to have su b sta n tia lly h ig h er w ages and s a la r ie s in
m an u factu rin g than in the n on m an u factu rin g s e c t o r that in clu d es u t ili­
tie s , w h o le sa le and r e ta il tra d e , fin a n ce, and s e r v ic e e sta b lis h m e n ts.
P a y ra tes v a r y w id e ly w ithin n on m an u fa ctu rin g, w ith p u b lic u tilitie s
c o m m o n ly payin g the h ig h est r a te s .
The Bureau*s la b o r m a rk e t w age
su r v e y s a r e lim ite d to p r iv a te e n te r p r is e and, thus, ex clu d e m u n ic i­
p a lly o p e ra te d u tilitie s . A lth ou gh su ch e x c lu s io n s cou ld have on ly a
m in o r e ffe c t on a r e a w id e , a ll-in d u s tr y pay r e la t iv e s , th ey m a y have
a dow nw ard in flu en ce on the n on m an u fa ctu rin g e s tim a te s , p a r t ic u la r ly
in s m a lle r la b o r m a rk e ts that have c o m p a r a tiv e ly few o th e r types o f
n onm an ufacturin g esta b lis h m e n ts w ith 50 o r m o r e w o r k e r s ----the m in i­
m u m s iz e c o v e r e d b y the s u r v e y s .

29
Table 4. Interarea Pay Comparisons
(R e la t iv e p a y l e v e l s f o r s e l e c t e d j o b g r o u p s b y in d u s t r y d i v i s i o n , la t e I 9 6 0 an d e a r l y 1961)

( 1 8 8 - a r e a p a v l e v e l s f o r e a c h io b and in d u s t r y g ro u p » 1 0 Q }
O ffic e c le r ic a l
L ab or m a rk et

A ll
i n d u s t r ie s

M a n u fa c t u r in g
in d u s t r ie s

S k i ll e d m a in t e n a n c e
N o n m a n u fa c tu r in g
in d u s t r ie s

A ll
in d u s t r ie s

U n s k ille d p la n t

M a n u fa c t u r in g
in d u s t r ie s

A ll
in d u s t r ie s

M a n u fa c t u r in g
in d u s t r ie s

N o n m a n u fa c tu r in g
in d u s t r ie s

N o rth e a s t
A r e a s w ith 1 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0 o r m o r e p o p u la t io n :
--------------- - - - — ___ ____
B o s to n
B u f fa lo —------- —
—
N e w a r k an d J e r s e y C it y — ---------------------N e w Y o r k C it y — ---------------------------------------P a t e r s o n —C lif t o n —P a s s a i c ---------------------P h il a d e lp h ia — ------------------------------------------P it t s b u r g h
-----------------A r e a s w ith 2 5 0 ,0 0 0 b u t l e s s tha n
1 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0 p o p u la t io n :
A lb a n y —S c h e n e c t a d y —T r o y -----------------------A lle n t o w n —B e t h le h e m —E a s t o n —-------- ----N e w H a v e n ______ __ ____ ___ ___ ____
P r o v i d e n c e —------------------------------------------ —
T r e n t o n ____ ___ ____ __ ____ ___ ________ _
W o r c e s t e r --------------------------------------------------A r e a s w ith l e s s th a n 2 5 0 , 0 0 0 p o p u la t io n :
B u r l i n g t o n _________________________________
L a w r e n c e —H a v e r h i l l ---------------------------------M a n c h e s t e r -----------------------------------------------P o r t la n d , M a in e ---------------------------------- -—
S c r a n t o n ------ -----------------------------------------------W a t e r b u r y ----------------------------------------------- _
Y o r k ------------------------------------------------------------

93

91

94
103

95
103

96

99

101

95
96

97

101
101

102

102

102

111
111

112
111

101

98

102

101

100

103

100

96
98
106

100
101
111

97
94
90
84
97
91

96
109
96

95
107

98
94

104
98
95

111

101

98
96
98
105

99
103

98
100

99
95
104
84
87

97
93
90
84
97
90

101

83
99
91
90
79
84
90
102

92

95
80
99
89

88

98
92

-

-

86

86

86

_
_
92

89
75
91
100

-

80
89
92
87

86

94

97
90
94

92
98
89

90
98

102

100

103

94

104
-

76
95
78
75

87
_
79
98
91

84
85
96

97

-

88

99
94

109
108
106

100

102

no

109

91
106
94
80
95
85

105
106

84
68
88

80
99
89

100
100

95
98
81
83
91
95
102

S ou th
A r e a s w ith 1 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0 o r m o r e p o p u la t io n :
A tla n ta -----------------------------------------------------__
__
____________
B a lt im o r e
D a l la s - _______________________________________
H o u s t o n ____ _______ _______________________
W a s h in g t o n -------------------------------------------------A r e a s w ith 2 5 0 ,0 0 0 b u t l e s s th a n
1 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0 p o p u la t io n :
B e a u m o n t —P o r t A r t h u r
------------------B ir m i n g h a m - — —
— --------C h a rle s to n , W , V a .
------------- — _ __ _
C h a r lo t t e __________________ ___ ___ ________
C h a t t a n o o g a --------------------------------------------- —
F o r t W orth
—
— - ....................................
J a c k s o n v i 11e __ _____ ______ ___ _____ ____ _
L o u i s v i l l e — ------- r------------------- —----------------M e m p h i s __________ ___ ___ __ ____________ _
M i a m i ----- —
_- ------------------------------N ew O rle a n s
_ ----------------------------- —
N o r fo lk —P o r t s m o u t h and
N e w p o r t N e w s—H a m p t o n -----------------------O k la h o m a C it y -------------------------------------------R ic h m o n d
---------------------------------------------San A n t o n io —---------------------------------------W ilm in g t o n — --------------------------------------------A r e a s w ith l e s s than 2 5 0 , 0 0 0 p o p u la t io n :
G r e e n v i l l e ----------------------------------------------- J a c k s o n ------------------------------------------------------L it t l e R o c k —N o r t h L it t l e R o c k
------------------------------------------------------ ------L u bb ock
R a le i g h
— ------------------------------------------------S a v a n n a h - --------------------------------------------




95
94
93
100

99

100

96
98
-

109
94

114
104

110

121

87
87
90
87
94
85
90
89

84
85
97
95
85
84
92

93

-

88

-

94
82
113

_
113

98
90
95
89
87
85
90
93
86

93
91
89
89
95
85
92

106

88

107
103
108
-

103
107
87
92
84
105
91
85
92

93
106
90
79
93

91

-

86

-

-

94
104

94
105

80
83
81
83
82

77
_
_
_

-

68

86

84

_
83

86

-

_
_
-

-

85

-

-

"

-

97

~

86

94
84

77
101

78
82
84

102

110

95
119

74
78
79
69

79
92
71

100

102

71
77
69

74
74
79

82
84
73
65
no

92
80
76

61

66

107

64

60

61

64

69
67
67
78

68
62

63
82

79
84
79
74
90

77
73
94
82
73
69
72
94
71
81
68

75
89
71
67
105
76
65
70
70
73
75

30
Table 4. Interarea Pay Comparisons— Continued
(R e la tiv e

p a y le v e ls

fo r

s e le c te d jo b

grou ps

b y in d u s t r y d iv is io n ,

la te

I9 6 0

and

e a r ly

1961)

( 1 8 8 - a r e a o a v l e v e ls f o r e a c h jo b and in d u s t r y g r o u p s 100)
O ffic e
L abor m ark et

N orth
A reas

w it h

S k ille d m a in te n a n c e

c le r ic a l

U n s k ille d p la n t

A ll

M a n u fa c tu r in g

N o n m a n u fa c tu r in g

A ll

M a n u fa c tu r in g

A ll

M a n u fa c tu r in g

N o n m a n u fa c tu r in g

in d u s t r ie s

in d u s tr ie s

in d u s t r ie s

in d u s tr ie s

in d u s t r ie s

in d u s tr ie s

in d u s tr ie s

in d u s t r ie s

103

110

106

C e n tra l

1 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0 o r

m ore

p o p u la tio n :
106

101

112

C in c in n a t i

------------------------------------------------------------------

98

96

97

97

98

100

C le v e la n d

------------------------------------------------— -----------

107

106

105

104

103

112

99
113

107

----------------------------------------------------------------------- -

115

106

111

112

98
100

99
98

101
105

100

119
100

120
105

107

K a n s a s C i t y --------------------------------------------------------------M ilw a u k e e
--------------------------------------------------------------- -

119
97

105

111

108

97

101

102

109

-

111
112

96

104

104

103

102

103

95
-

102

102

122

100

112
94

119
111
98

114

100

113

111

107
97

Chic ago

D e tr o it

— — —— — — —— — —— —— — — —

M i n n e a p o l i s —S t .

P aul

--------------------------------- —

107

94

99

107

101

98

99

89
95

1 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0 p o p u la t io n :
A k r o n ------------------------ ---------------------------— — ----------------

102

102

C a n t o n — -------------------------------- ----------------------------------- C o l u m b u s — ___ _ _ _____________________________

100
96

99
97

D a v e n p o r t — R o c k I s l a n d —M o l i n e -----------------D a y t o n ______________________— — — — — — —

103

104
104

96

99
107

99
107

103

106

107

110

no

91
103

88

100

100

101

106

100

97

101

101

100

101

96

96

94

98

97

97

101

99

102

106

104

103

105

106

113

115

102

-

-

96

95

100

109
101

89
95

S t.

---------------------------------------------- ---------------------

L o u is

A reas

w ith

D es

250, 000

M o in e s

but le s s

th a n

-------------------------------------------------- — --------

In d ia n a p o li s

——

—

—

—

——

—

O m aha

-------------------------------------------------------------------------

T o le d o

---------------------------------------------------------------------—

W ic h ita

------------------------------------------------------------------------

A r e a s w ith le s s th a n 2 5 0 , 0 0 0 p o p u la t io n :
G reen B ay —
— ———— — —— —— —— —
—

106
87

94

98
88

92

92

-

-

-

87

106

97

94

-

95

110

99
107

113

M u s k e g o n —M u s k e g o n H e i g h t s — -------------- —
R o c k f o r d ----------------------------------------------------------- ---------S i o u x F a l l s ------------------------------------------------------------—

96
-

92
-

91
-

91
-

100

93

113

92

93

99
103

101

-

105

104

119

116

113

-

-

“

-

no

109

95

109

108
111
106

110
110
102

104

109
104

no

104
112

109
119

102

100

111
123
113

98
-

89

107

113

-

100

S ou th

B end

W a te r lo o

__ ni__
---------------------------------------------------------------------

-

W est
A reas

w it h

1 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0 o r m o r e

p o p u la tio n :

L o s A n g e l e s — L o n g B e a c h -----------------------------S a n F r a n c i s c o —O a k l a n d -----------------------------------S e a t t l e ---------------------------------------------------------------------------A reas

w ith

250, 000

bu t le s s

114

109

128
118

97

97

104

101

101
-

102

th a n

1,0 0 0 ,0 0 0 p o p u la t io n :
99
97

-

102

-

95

------------------------------------------------------------------------

94

100

99
92

99
104

96
-

104

105

105

92

97

-

109
96

105

104

104

102

104

97

99

-

-

111

118

109

“

“

96

88

105

A lb u q u e r q u e
D enver

-------------------------------------------------------------

-------------------------------------------------------------------- —

P h o e n ix

----------------------------------------------------------------------

100

S a l t L a k e C i t y ---------------------------------------------------------S an B e r n a r d in o -R iv e r s id e —

91

O n t a r i o --------------------- ------------------------------------------------

104
101

-

89

"

P o r tla n d

Spokane
A rea

w ith

B o is e

------------------------------ --------------------------------------- le s s

th a n

2 5 0 ,0 0 0

p o p u la tio n :

------------------------------------------------------------------------------

N O T E :




D ashes

88

in d ic a t e

d a ta

th a t d o n o t m e e t p u b lic a t io n

c r ite r ia .

■

Trends of Occupational Earnings,

In 11 a r e a s w h ich have b een stu d ied in ea ch y e a r s in c e 1957,
m ed ia n a r e a in c r e a s e s fo r the fou r g rou p s w e r e as fo llo w s :

In trod u ction
The B u reau in stitu ted in 1948 a p r o g r a m o f su r v e y s in w h ich
occu p a tio n s c o m m o n to a v a r ie ty o f m a n u fa ctu rin g and n on m a n u fa c­
tu ring in d u strie s a r e stu d ied on a la b o r m a rk e t b a s is .
The e a r lie r
stu d ies w e re lim ite d to o ffic e w o r k e r s but w e r e expan ded by 1951 to
in clu de p r o fe s s io n a l and te c h n ic a l, m a in ten an ce and p ow erp lan t, and
cu s to d ia l and m a te r ia l m o v e m e n t o c cu p a tio n s .
W id e sp r e a d dem and
fo r in fo rm a tio n on w age tren d s led the B u reau to c o n s tr u c t w age
in d ex es fo r s e le c t e d g rou p s o f w o r k e r s b a s e d on data fr o m the la b o r
m a rk e t s u r v e y s .
In d exes w e r e com p u ted fo r 20 a r e a s betw een 195 3
and I9 60.
In I960, the la b o r m a rk e t p r o g r a m w as expan ded to in ­
clu d e 60 Standard M e tr o p o lita n S ta tistic a l A r e a s , and in 1961 to
80 a r e a s w h ich w ill be su r v e y e d annually. T h is ex p a n sion m a de data
a v a ila b le fo r the com p u ta tion o f w age in d ex es fo r the ad d ition a l a r e a s .
The expan ded a r e a c o v e r a g e co n stitu te d an a r e a sa m p le w h ich , w ith
a p p ro p r ia te w e ig h ts , w ou ld p e r m it the p r e p a r a tio n o f e stim a te s fo r
a ll m e tro p o lita n a r e a s .

P e r c e n t in c r e a s e s

1 9 5 7 -5 8

W o m e n o ffic e w ork ers
W om en

1 9 5 8 -5 9

1 9 5 9 -6 0

1 9 6 0 -6 1

4 .3

3 .4

3 .4

3. 3

----------------------------------- --------

5. 1

3 .7

3 .8

3. 1

-------------- --------

5. 3

4 .6

3 .9

3 .6

------------------------ ---------

5 .2

4 .9

3 .9

3. 3

--------------------------------------

M e n u n s k ille d p la n t w o rk e rs

A m on g th ese 11 a r e a s , 19 the m ed ia n in c r e a s e in a v e ra g e
e a rn in g s fo r ea ch o f the fo u r g rou p s b etw een I960 and 1961 w as the
lo w e s t o f the 4 y e a r s show n.

M ov em en t o f W a ges,

195 3—61

Tw enty a r e a s w e r e stu d ied in both 195 3 and 1961. O v er the
8 -y e a r p e r io d betw een 1953 and 1961, m ed ia n in c r e a s e s in a ll-in d u s tr y
a v e r a g e ea rn in g s fo r w o r k e r s in the fo u r o c cu p a tio n a l g rou p s ran ged
fr o m 38. 8 p e r c e n t fo r w om en o ffic e w o r k e r s to 44. 6 p e r c e n t fo r in ­
d u stria l n u r se s in the 20 a r e a s . E a rn in gs o f sk ille d m a in ten an ce and
u n s k ille d plant g rou p s in c r e a s e d 42. 3 and 42. 6 p e r ce n t, r e s p e c t iv e ly .

1960—61

A m on g fo u r jo b g rou p s fo r w h ich w age tren d s w e r e com p u ted ,
the in c r e a s e in ea rn in g s betw een I960 and 1961, on a n ationw ide
b a s is , ra n g ed fr o m 3. 3 p e r c e n t fo r o ffic e c l e r i c a l w o r k e r s to 3 .7 p e r ­
cen t fo r in d u stria l n u r s e s (ta ble 5).
S tra ig h t-tim e a v e r a g e h o u r ly
ea rn in g s fo r both s k ille d m a in ten an ce m e n and u n s k ille d plant w o r k e r s
in c r e a s e d 3 .6 p e r c e n t.

P e r c e n ta g e in c r e a s e s in e a rn in g s le v e ls o v e r the 8 -y e a r
p e r io d v a r ie d su b sta n tia lly a m on g a r e a s . I n c r e a s e s fo r w om en o ffic e
w o r k e r s ran ged fr o m 32. 6 p e r c e n t in M em ph is to 4 5 .4 p e r c e n t in
B a ltim o r e .
T he g r e a te s t in te r a r e a v a r ia tio n in in c r e a s e s fo r the
sa m e jo b g rou p o c c u r r e d am ong u n s k ille d plant w o r k e r s : F r o m
3 1 .2 p e r c e n t in P r o v id e n c e to 5 7 .9 p e r c e n t in B a ltim o r e (table 7).

In c r e a s e s in e a rn in g s by r e g io n fo r the fo u r g rou p s ran ged
as fo llo w s : O ffic e c l e r i c a l w o r k e r s , fr o m 2 .8 p e r c e n t in the N orth
C en tra l r e g io n to 3 .7 p e r c e n t in the W est; in d u stria l n u r s e s , fr o m
3 .4 p e r c e n t in the W est to 3 .9 p e r c e n t in the N orth C e n tra l; and fo r
u n s k ille d m e n plant w o r k e r s , fr o m 2. 6 p e r c e n t in the South to 4. 0 p e r ­
cent in the N orth C e n tra l r e g io n .
P e r c e n ta g e in c r e a s e s fo r s k ille d
m a in ten a n ce m en w e r e 3. 7 in the N o rth e a s t and 3. 6 in the oth er th ree
r e g io n s .

P a r t o f the v a r ia tio n in r e la tiv e in c r e a s e s am ong a r e a s w as
a ccou n ted fo r by a d iffe r e n c e in the length o f the n8 -y e a r p e r io d , n
w h ich v a r ie d fr o m 91 m onths in B oston to 104 m on th s in P o rtla n d
(O re g . ).
C o r r e c t io n fo r this v a r ia tio n w as m a de p o s s ib le by c o m ­
puting fo r ea ch a r e a the a v e r a g e 12 -m on th rate o f in c r e a s e
fo r ea ch

N ation w ide, the in c r e a s e s fo r the fo u r jo b g rou p s in m a n u ­
fa ctu rin g c o r r e s p o n d e d to the in c r e a s e s in a ll in d u str ie s w ith the e x ­
cep tion o f o ffic e w o r k e r s . F o r th is g rou p , s a la r ie s in m a n u factu rin g
in c r e a s e d 3 .5 p e r c e n t c o m p a r e d w ith 3 .3 in a ll in d u s tr ie s .




in d u s t r ia l n u rses

M e n s k ille d m a in te n a n c e w ork ers

D ata in ta b le s 5 and 6 a r e lim ite d to the p e r c e n t o f change
betw een I960 and 1961.
The o ld s e r ie s , show n in ta ble 7, p r e s e n ts
the p e r ce n ta g e change in ea rn in g s b etw een 195 3 and 1961 in ea ch o f the
20 a r e a s in clu d ed in the la b o r m a rk e t p r o g r a m o v e r the lo n g e r p e r io d .

M ov em en t o f W a g es,

1953-61

19
B oston , New Y o r k C ity, P h ila d elp h ia , A tlanta, D a lla s , M e m ­
p h is, C h ica g o , M in n ea p olis—St. P au l, L o s A n g e le s—Lon g B e a ch , P o r t ­
land (O r e g .), and San F r a n c is c o —O akland.

31

32
o f the fo u r g ro u p s o v e r the 8 -y e a r p e r io d . T h u s, a v e r a g e annual in ­
c r e a s e s in the s a la r ie s o f w om en o ffic e w o r k e r s v a r ie d fr o m 3 .6 p e r ­
cen t in M em p h is to 4 .7 p e r c e n t in B a ltim o r e .
E a rn in g s o f w om en
in d u stria l n u r se s sh ow ed an a v e r a g e 12 -m on th ra te o f in c r e a s e ran gin g
fr o m 3 .5 p e r c e n t in P r o v id e n c e and D a lla s to 5 . 4 p e r c e n t in K an sas
C ity . I n c r e a s e s fo r s k ille d m a in ten a n ce m en ra n ged fr o m a 12 -m on th
a v e r a g e o f 4. 1 p e r c e n t in P r o v id e n c e to 5. 5 p e r c e n t in D e n v e r. E a r n ­
in gs o f m e n u n s k ille d plant w o r k e r s in c r e a s e d at a 12-m on th a v e r a g e
ra te ran gin g fr o m 3 .3 in P r o v id e n c e to 5 .8 in B a ltim o r e and D e n v e r.
M edian a r e a 12 -m on th a v e r a g e in c r e a s e s fo r the fo u r g rou p s w e r e
as fo llo w s :
W om en o ffic e w o r k e r s , 4 .1 p e r c e n t; w om en in d u stria l
n u r s e s , 4. 7 p e r c e n t; s k ille d m a in ten a n ce m en , 4. 5 p e r c e n t; and un­
s k ille d m en plant w o r k e r s , 4. 6 p e r c e n t.

C o v e r a g e and M eth od o f C om putin g W age T re n d s

The new tren d s e r ie s c o v e r s the sa m e jo b g rou p in gs as the
e a r lie r s e r ie s w ith the fo llo w in g e x c e p t io n s : The c l e r i c a l and in d u s­
t r ia l n u rse g ro u p s, fo r m e r l y r e s t r ic t e d to w om en , now in clu d e both
m en and w om en .
C h an ges in the jo b s in clu d ed w ith in jo b g rou p in gs
a re show n b e lo w :

O f f ic e c le r ic a l w orkers
O ld
B il le r s ,

T o com p u te a r e a w ag e tr e n d s , a v e r a g e w eek ly s a la r ie s o r
a v e ra g e h o u r ly ea rn in g s fo r ea ch o f the s e le c t e d o c cu p a tio n s in each
a r e a a r e m u ltip lie d by the a r e a e m p lo y m e n t in the jo b du ring the
p e r io d su r v e y e d in 1 9 6 1 .20
T h e s e w eigh ted ea rn in g s fo r in div idu al
o ccu p a tio n s a r e then tota led to obtain an a r e a a g g re g a te fo r ea ch o c ­
cu p a tion al g rou p .
F in a lly , the r a tio o f th ese g rou p a g g re g a te s fo r
the 1 y e a r to the a g g re g a te fo r the oth er y e a r is com p u ted and the
d iffe r e n c e betw een the r e s u lt and 100 is the p e r ce n ta g e o f change fr o m
the one p e r io d to the o th e r .
A s im ila r m eth od is u se d to obtain the a ll-m e t r o p o lit a n a r e a
p e r c e n ta g e s o f ch a n g e.
T h e a v e r a g e ea rn in g s fo r the o ccu p a tio n a l
g rou p is m u ltip lie d by the total n u m b er o f w o r k e r s in the g ro u p w ithin
the a r e a and by the a r e a w eigh t (the ra tio o f total n o n a g r ic u ltu ra l
e m p loy m en t in the stra tu m to that in the a r e a ) . 21
The a g g re g a te s
thus obtain ed a r e to ta le d fo r a ll a r e a s to obtain an a l l- a r e a a g g re g a te .
T h e a g g re g a te fo r 1961 is then c o m p a r e d w ith that fo r I960 to a r r iv e
at the p e r ce n ta g e o f change b etw een the 2 y e a r s .

O ld

m a c h in e (b illin g m a c h in e )

s e r ie s o n l y

M illw r ig h t s

B o o k k e e p i n g - m a c h i n e o p e r a t o r s , c la s s A
S w it c h b o a r d o p e r a t o r -r e c e p t io n is t s
T a b u l a t i n g - m a c h i n e o p e r a t o r s , c la s s A
T a b u l a t i n g - m a c h i n e o p e r a to r s , c la s s C

S h e e t -m e t a l w ork ers

T r a n s c r ib in g -m a c h in e o p e ra to rs,

C a rp e n te rs
E le c tr ic ia n s
M a c h in is ts
M e c h a n ic s
M e c h a n ic s (a u t o m o t iv e )

gen eral

I n b o t h s e r ie s
B o o k k e e p in g -m a c h in e o p e ra to rs,

F o r o ffic e c l e r i c a l w o r k e r s and in d u stria l n u r s e s , the p e r ­
cen tag e change r e la t e s to a v e r a g e w e e k ly s a la r ie s fo r n o r m a l h o u rs
o f w o rk , that is , the stan dard w o rk sch ed u le fo r w h ich s t r a ig h t-tim e
s a la r ie s a r e pa id.
F o r plant w o r k e r g ro u p s, the p e r ce n ta g e change
r e la te s to s tr a ig h t -tim e a v e r a g e h o u r ly e a rn in g s, ex clu d in g p r e m iu m
pay fo r o v e r t im e and fo r w o rk on w eek en d s, h o lid a y s , and late s h ifts.

S k ille d m e n m a in te n a n c e w ork ers

s e r ie s o n l y

c la s s B

P a in t e r s
P ip e fit t e r s
T o o l and d ie m ak ers

C l e r k s , f i l e , c la s s A
C le r k s , f i l e , c la s s B
C le r k s , o r d e r
C le r k s , p a y r o ll
C o m p to m e te r o p e ra to rs
K e y p u n c h op era tors
O f f i c e g i r ls
S e c r e t a r ie s
S ten ogra p h ers, g e n e ra l
S w it c n b o a r d o p e r a to r s
T a b u la t in g -m a c h in e o p e ra to rs,
T y p i s t s , c la s s A
T y p i s t s , c la s s B
N e w s e r ie s o n l y
C le r k s , a c c o u n t in g , c la s s A
C l e r k s , a c c o u n t i n g , c la s s B
S ten ogra p h ers, te c h n ic a l

I n b o t h s e r ie s

U n s k i l l e d m e n p la n t w o r k e r s
O l d s e r ie s o n l y
c la s s B

W a tch m en

I n b o t h s e r ie s

[ a n it o r s , p o r t e r s , a n d c l e a n e r s
L a b orers, m a t e r ia l h a n d lin g

A bout a th ird o f the o ffic e e m p lo y e e s in a ll in d u strie s w ithin
the s c o p e o f the su r v e y s w e r e e m p lo y e d in the o ccu p a tio n s u se d in
c o n s tr u c tin g the o ffic e w o r k e r 's in dex. L e s s than a tenth o f a ll plant
w o r k e r s , the m a jo r ity o f w h om w e r e u n s k ille d , w e r e e m p lo y e d in the
o c cu p a tio n s u se d in com p u tin g the in d ex es fo r s k ille d and u n s k ille d
w o r k e r s . A la r g e m a jo r ity o f the s k ille d m a in ten an ce w o r k e r s c o v ­
e r e d by the in dex w e r e e m p lo y e d in m a n u fa ctu rin g e s ta b lis h m e n ts,
w h e r e a s the u n s k ille d w o r k e r s w e r e about e v en ly d iv id ed betw een
m a n u fa ctu rin g and n on m a n u fa ctu rin g. A la r g e p r o p o r t io n o f the o ffic e
w o r k e r s w e r e e m p lo y e d in n on m an u fa ctu rin g in d u s tr ie s .

L im ita tio n s o f the Data
20 The a v e r a g e o f 195 3 and 1954 em p lo y m e n t w as u se d in the
o ld s e r ie s .
21 W eigh ts a r e b a s e d on the 60 a r e a sa m p le, sin c e on ly 60 o f the
a r e a s w e r e su r v e y e d in both I960 and 1961.




The p e r c e n ta g e s o f change m e a s u r e , p r in c ip a lly , the e ffe c t s
o f (1) g e n e r a l s a la ry and w age ch a n g e s, (2) m e r it o r o th e r in c r e a s e s
in pay r e c e iv e d by in d iv id u al w o r k e r s w h ile in the sa m e jo b , and

33

(3) ch a n ges in a v e r a g e w a g es due to ch a n g es in the la b o r f o r c e r e ­
su ltin g fr o m la b o r tu r n o v e r , f o r c e ex p a n sio n s, fo r c e re d u c tio n s , as
w e ll as ch a n ges in the p r o p o r t io n s o f w o r k e r s e m p lo y e d by e s t a b lis h ­
m en ts w ith d iffe r e n t pay le v e ls . C h an ges in the la b or f o r c e can ca u se
in c r e a s e s o r d e c r e a s e s in the o c cu p a tio n a l a v e r a g e s w ithout actu a l
w age ch a n g es.
F o r e x a m p le , a fo r c e ex p a n sion m igh t in c r e a s e the
p r o p o r tio n o f lo w e r pa id w o r k e r s in a s p e c ific o c cu p a tio n &nd lo w e r
the a v e r a g e , w h e r e a s a re d u c tio n in the p r o p o r tio n o f lo w e r paid
w o r k e r s w ou ld h ave the o p p o s ite e ffe c t .
S im ila r ly , the m o v e m e n t
o f a h ig h -p a y in g e sta b lis h m e n t out o f an a r e a co u ld ca u se a v e r a g e
ea rn in g s in the a r e a to d ro p , even though no change in ra te s o c ­
c u r r e d in oth er a r e a e s ta b lis h m e n ts .




The u se o f con stan t o c cu p a tio n a l em p loy m en t and a r e a w eigh ts
e lim in a te s the e ffe c t s o f ch a n g es in the p r o p o r tio n o f w o r k e r s r e p r e ­
sen ted in ea ch jo b o r a r e a in clu d ed in the data. The p e r c e n ta g e s o f
change a r e not in flu en ced by ch a n g es in stan dard w o rk sch e d u le s o r
in p r e m iu m pay fo r o v e r t im e , s in c e they a re b a se d on pay fo r s tr a ig h ttim e h o u r s .

T h e p e r ce n ta g e ch a n g es in ea rn in g s fo r the o ccu p a tio n a l
g rou p s s e le c t e d fo r study do not n e c e s s a r ily c o r r e s p o n d to changes
in ea rn in g s am ong p r o d u c tio n w o r k e r s in m a n u fa ctu rin g o r in s p e ­
c if ic in d u s tr ie s .

34
Table 5. Percent Increases, Office and Plant— All Industries and Manufacturing— All Metropolitan Areas
(P e rce n t in c r e a s e s

in

average

w e e k ly

e a r n in g s

or

in a l l m e t r o p o l i t a n

a v e r a g e h o u r ly
areas,

by

e a r n in g s 1 fo r

r e g io n ,

s e le c te d

o c c u p a t io n a l g r o u p s

1 9 6 0 —6 1 2)

R e g io n 3
In d u s try and o c c u p a tio n a l g ro u p

U n ite d S ta te s
N orth ea st

S ou th

N orth

C e n tra l

W est

A ll in d u s tr ie s :
O ffic e

c le r i c a l (m e n

In d u s tr ia l n u r s e s
U n s k ille d

3. 3

3. 6

3. 2

2. 8

3. 7

3. 7

3 .6

3 .8

----------------------- -

3. 6

3. 6

3 .9
3. 6

3. 6

— ----------------------------

3. 6

3 .7
3. 5

2. 6

4 .0

3. 7

and w om en )

(m e n

S k ille d m a in t e n a n c e

— -----------------------

a n d w o m e n ) — -------- -------

tra d e s

p la n t w o r k e r s

(m e n )

(m e n )

3 .4

M a n u fa c tu r in g :
O ffic e

c le r i c a l (m e n

In d u s tr ia l n u r s e s
U n s k ille d

1
la t e

are

3. 7

3. 5

3. 2

3. 7
3. 6

3. 4
3. 5

3 .9
3. 3

4 .0
3. 6

3. 8

--------------------------------

3. 6

3 .7

3. 0

3. 8

3. 4

— ---------- -— —
a n d w o m e n ) ---------------------

tra d e s

p la n t w o r k e r s

A verage

e a r n in g s

3. 5

---------- . . . . . . .

and w om en )

(m e n

S k ille d m a in te n a n c e

w e e k ly

(m e n )

(m e n )

e a r n in g s

s tr a ig h t-tim e

r e la t e

h o u r ly

to

e a r n in g s ,

sta n d a rd

s a la r ie s

e x c lu d in g

th a t

p r e m iu m

are

pay

p a id

fo r

fo r

o v e r tim e

sta n d a rd
and

fo r

3. 4
3. 3

w ork

s c h e d u le s .

w ork

on

A verage

w eekends,

h o u r ly

h o lid a y s ,

and

s h ifts .
2

F is c a l

3

F or

years

e n d in g

d e fin itio n

of

June

30.

r e g io n s ,

see

fo o tn o te

2,

ta b le

A -l.

Table 6. Percent Changes, Office and Plant— All Industries and Manufacturing— 60 Labor Markets
(P e rce n t ch an ges

in

average

w e e k ly

e a r n in g s

or

average

h o u r ly

e a r n in g s 1 fo r

s e le c te d

o c c u p a t io n a l g r o u p s

in

60 la b o r m a r k e ts ,

A ll in d u s t r ie s
A rea

O ffic e c le r ic a l
(m e n a n d w o m e n )

In d u s tr ia l n u r s e s
(m e n an d w o m e n )

1 9 6 0 —6 1 2 )

M a n u fa c tu r in g

S k ille d m a in ­

U n s k ille d p la n t

te n a n ce tr a d e s
(m e n )

w ork ers
(m e n )

O ffic e c le r ic a l
(m e n an d w o m e n )

I n d u s t r ia l n u r s e s
(m e n a n d w o m e n )

S k ille d m a in ­

U n s k ille d p la n t

ten a n ce tra d es
(m e n )

w ork ers
(m e n )

N o rth e a st
1 .8

4. 3

4. 2

2 .9
3. 2

3. 2

4. 1

B u f f a l o ................................................................................................

4. 1
5. 8

4 .7
4. 3

1 .7
4. 6
4. 5

4 .7
4. 0
3. 6

4. 2

4 .9
3. 6

L a w r e n c e —H a v e r h i l l ---------- --------------------- -— -----------

4 .6

2. 4

3. 7

4. 3

4. 4

2. 4

3. 8

N ew

3. 4

3. 8

4. 4

. 8

3. 4

3. 3

4. 1

2. 2

2 .8

3 .8

3 .4

4. 2

2. 8

4. 3

3. 5

4. 4

3. 6

4 .7

4. 4

3. 6

5 .0

4. 5

5. 3

P a t e r s o n —C l i f t o n —P a s s a i c -------------------------------- —

2. 4

5. 3

2. 0

5. 3

3. 8

5. 3

P h i l a d e l p h i a ------------ ------------------------- -------------------------—

3. 5

2. 8

3 .9
2. 2

3 .9
6 .4
2. 3

3. 6

2 .8

P i t t s b u r g h __________________________________,— ___________

4. 4

2. 5

4. 2

3. 1

5. 6

2. 0

1 .9
3 .8

4. 0

P o r tla n d

1 .9
6. 1

5. 3

6. 2

P r o v i d e n c e —P a w t u c k e t -------— --------------------- -------—.

3 .9
3. 1

(3)
2. 5

(3)
2. 5

5. 5

2 .9
1. 8

(3)
6. 2

2. 2

3. 4
2. 8

(3)
4. 2

W a t e r b u r y --- ----------------------- — . . . . __________________ __

2. 3

4 .9

2. 7

2. 8

W o r c e s t e r ______ ____________________________________ ___

3. 6

1. 1
5 .8

3. 6

4. 7

3. 8

3. 5

1. 5

1. 1
5. 8

3. 6

3. 5

2. 5

1. 5

A l b a n y —S c h e n e c t a d y —T r o y

---------- ----------- -

—

A l l e n t o w n - B e t h l e h e m —E a s t o n ------------------— —
B o s t o n i.,---- ___ - ____- - . .- i
,i

H aven

N ew ark
N ew

— --------------— --------------------------------------------------

and J e r s e y

Y ork

C i t y --------------------- ---------- --------

C i t y ----------------------- — ----------------------------------

— ___________________ ___________________________

Y o r k .....................................................................................

S ee

fo o tn o te s




at

end

of

t a b le .

2. 3

3. 4

4. 8

2. 5

4. 1
6. 2

2 .9
3. 1
4. 8
4. 3

2. 5
1. 2
4. 6
4. 1
6. 3

1. 8

35
Table 6. Percent Changes, Office and Plant— All Industries and Manufacturing— 60 Labor Markets— Continued
(P e rce n t ch a n ges

in

a v e r a g e w e e k ly

e a r n in g s

or

a v e r a g e h o u r ly

e a r n in g s 1 f o r

s e le c te d

o c c u p a t io n a l g r o u p s

in

60 la b o r m a r k e ts ,

A ll in d u s t r ie s
A rea

O ffic e
(m e n

c le r ic a l

In d u s tr ia l n u r s e s

and w om en )

(m e n

and w om en )

1 9 6 0 —6 1 2 )

M a n u f a c tu r in g

S k ille d m a in ­

U n s k i lle d p la n t

te n a n ce tra d e s
(m e n )

w ork ers
(m e n )

O ffic e
(m e n

c le r ic a l

and w om en )

In d u s tr ia l n u r s e s
(m e n

and w om en )

S k ille d m a in ­
te n a n ce

tra d es

U n s k ille d p la n t
w ork ers

(m e n )

(m e n )

S ou th
3. 7

A t la n t a

2 .7

4. 1

3. 4

4. 2

2 .9
4. 1

3. 3

3. 5

1. 1
3. 2

3. 6

B a l t i m o r e ---------------------------------------------------- --------------- —

5. 3

3. 2

B e a u m o n t —P o r t A r t h u r — — — ------------------------------

5 .8

4. 5

4. 3

4. 1

7. 6

4. 5

4 .6

5 .9
5. 7

B i r m i n g h a m ------------------— — — — ------------------------ —

2. 6

1. 6

3. 2

1. 5

3 .0

C h a r le s to n ,

. 3
2. 6

3 .9

3. 3

1. 5
2. 2

2. 7
1. 6
2. 6

4. 4

3. 1

1 .4

(3)
1. 2

3 .0

2 .9

1 .0

2 .9

1 .0

3 .4

3 .9
1. 7
2. 2

W . V a . ----------------------------------------------- —

1. 5

2. 7

2. 5

(3)
3. 5

4. 5

...................................... ..................................

3 .0

2. 5

F o r t W o r t h ------------------------------------------------------------------------

4. 3

. 5

3 .8

-

1. 5
6. 5

G r e e n v i l l e — ----------------------- ------------------— ----------------------fs t o n
________ _____________________________________

2. 7

2. 1

1 .5

2 .0

3. 7

2. 1

1 .8

3. 2

4 .9

2 .8

1. 1

3. 2

6. 6

1. 6

Jack son

1 .8

(3)

5 .0

4 .0

J a c k s o n v i l l e ------------------- ---------------------------— ---------- ---------

5. 2

(3)

4. 1

3. 3

L u b b o c k ------------------------------ ---------- -------------------------------- —

3. 1
4. 7

(3)
4. 2

3. 1

M e m p h i s ------------------ — ------------------------------------------------ —
M i a m i ---___ _____________________________ ______ ___________

(3)
4. 2

2 .0

5 .0

1 .8

3. 5

(3)
3 .9
4. 1

C h a r l o t t e ------------ -------------------- — --------------------— — ------- D a l l a s .................-

O r l e a n s — --------------— ------------------— ------------ ----------

2 .9
2. 5

R i c h m o n d -------------- — — — --------------------- — ------------- — _

2. 6

S a v a n n a h ------------ — ----------------------------------------------------------—
W a s h i n g t o n ------------------------------------------------------------------------

2 .0

N ew

N orth
A k r o n ______

0
( )

9 .9
3. 7

5 .7

4. 4

4. 3

3. 4

5. 3

2 .9

2. 8

4— 2 . 3

3 .9

(3)
4. 7

5. 2

7. 1

(

)

(

)

. 2

(? )
( )

(!)
(3 )
1 2 .0

(3)
5 .0

(3)
3. 7

3 .6

5. 6

3. 6

3. 2

8. 6
2. 5

(3 )

2. 3

4— 4 . 3

5. 2

4 .7

4. 1

(3 )

(3)

(3)

(3 )

5 .9
3. 1

5 .4

6 .0

5. 8

C en tra l

___

____ ____

,

____ ___

4. 4

7. 1

1 .7

2. 7

3. 5

1 .4

2. 7

3. 3

C h i c a g o ___________________________________________________
C i n c i n n a t i — ------------------------------------------------------— — -------

2. 3

3. 6

3. 7

3. 1

3. 1

3. 3

3. 3

2. 7

3. 1
5. 3

5. 2

6 .0

6. 6

4. 0

3. 1

3. 2

5. 4
3. 1

5. 1

C l e v e l a n d — ----------. . . . . . . . . ------------ . . . . . . . . . . -------. . . .

2 .9
3. 0

3. 1

4. 2

D a y t o n ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------D e s M o i n e s . . . . . . . . . -------. . . . — . . . . . . ----------------— ~

4 .0

4. 3

9 .7

3. 6

1 .9
3. 8

3 .9
5. 3

4. 4

4 .9
4. 8

4. 5

4. 7

C a n to n

„ ,

D e tr o it

. , --

_____________________________________________________

I n d i a n a p o l i s — --------------------------------------------------------- -------

1. 1
3. 1

8. 6
4. 5

4 .0

2 .9
5. 0
5. 6

4 .4

4. 4

4. 8

2. 5

4. 2

3. 3

4. 4

M i l w a u k e e ------------------------------------------------------------------------M i n n e a p o l i s —S t . P a u l ----------------------------------------------M u s k e g o n —M u s k e g o n H e i g h t s ---------------------------R o c k f o r d ________— ____ - ----------------- ------------------------------

3. 1
3. 4

5. 0
5. 1

S t.

2 .9
2. 8

K ansas

C i t y _____________________________________________

L o u is

— — ~ . . . — ...____________

3 .9
1. 6

_ __ _ _

S o u t h B e n d --------------------------------------------------------------- ---------

3. 6

2 .9
2. 5

3. 4

2. 3

2. 3

4. 0

2 .7

3. 3

6.
3.
4.
2.

3
6
5
7

2 .9
4 .0
3. 1
4. 4

4. 3

2 .4

4. 0

5. 0
5. 1

3. 6
3. 8

3. 5
3. 6
2. 1

1 .8

3. 5
3. 7
2. 7

1. 8

2 .7

1. 2
5. 6

3. 7

3. 4

1. 2
5. 6

3. 2

4. 7

1. 7
3. 4

3. 7

2. 8

2. 4

3. 7

2 .7

2 .9

1. 8

3. 3

3. 2

2 .9

2 .9

.9
. 3

(? )
(3)
3. 2

(? )
( )

2. 8

(3)
(3)
4. 7

(!)
(3)
2. 4
3. 1

W est
2. 2

A l b u q u e r q u e ------------------------------ — — -------------------— - _
B o i s e ----------------------------------- -------------- ------------ -----------D enver

3 .9

(3)
-

2 .9
4. 2

— ----------------------- — -------------- ---------— -----------------

(3)
5. 3

5 .9
3. 0

4. 0

L o s A n g e l e s —L o n g B e a c h — --------------------- -------—
P h o e n i x ----------------------- ---------------------- ------------ ---------- — _

4. 1

3. 4

3. 4

(3)
2 .9

4. 4

2. 8

(3)
2. 3

2. 8

P o r t l a n d -------------------------------------------------------------------------- - _

3. 3

3. 4

1 .9
3. 8

(3)
1. 2

S a n B e r n a r d i n o —R i v e r s i d e —O n t a r i o --------------

4. 6

2 .8

2. 8

2. 1

5. 1

(3)
2 .9
3 .0

2. 4

3. 3

S a n F r a n c i s c o —O a k l a n d -------------------------------------------

4. 1

8. 3

3. 2

4. 8

4. 2

8. 2

5. 1

4. 5

S e a t t l e ------------------------------------------------------— -------- ---------------

2. 6

(3)

2. 4

4. 4

3 .9

(’ )

2 .9

3. 2

1
and

fo r

A verage

w e e k ly

w ork

w eeken ds,

on

e a r n in g s

r e la t e

h o lid a y s ,

2. 6

to

sta n d a rd

a n d la te

s a la r ie s

F is c a l

3
4

I n s u ffic ie n t d a ta to m e e t p u b lic a tio n c r it e r i a .
T h e d e c l i n e in t h is g r o u p l a r g e l y r e f l e c t s s h ift s




e n d in g

June

th a t a r e

p a id f o r

sta n d a rd

w ork

s c h e d u le s .

A v e r a g e h o u r ly

e a r n in g s

are

s tr a ig h t-tim e

h o u r ly

e a r n in g s ,

s h ifts .

2

yea rs

4. 1

30.
in

e m p l o y m e n t in t h e i r j o b

grou p

b e tw e e n h ig h -

a n d lo w -r a t e e s ta b lis h m e n ts

ra th er

th a n

w age

d ecrea ses.

e x c lu d in g p r e m iu m

3. 0
3. 5

pay

fo r

o v e r tim e

36
Table 7. Wage Indexes, Office and Plant— All Industries and Manufacturing
(In d e x e s

of average

w e e k ly

e a r n in g s

or

a v e r a g e h o u r ly

e a r n in g s

fo r

s e le c te d

o c c u p a t io n a l g r o u p s

s t u d ie d in

6 broad

in d u s tr y d iv is io n s

in

20

la b o r m a r k e t s ,2

1 9 5 4 —6 1 3 )

(1 9 5 3 = 1 0 0 )
N o rth e a st
B o sto n

B u ffa lo

N ew ark

and J e rs e y

C ity

N ew

Y ork

C ity

P h ila d e lp h ia

P r o v i d e n c e —P a w t u c k e t

O c c u p a tio n a l g r o u p

W om en

o ffic e

T im e

A ll

in te r v a l

in d u s ­

(m o n th s )

tr ie s

M a n u fa c ­
tu r in g

T im e

A ll

in t e r v a l

in d u s ­

(m o n th s )

tr ie s

M a n u fa c ­
t u r in g

T im e

A ll

in te r v a l
'm o n t h s )

in d u s ­

M a n u fa c ­
t u r in g

tr ie s

T im e

A ll

in te r v a l

in d u s ­

(m o n th s )

tr ie s

M a n u fa c ­
tu r in g

T im e

A ll

in te r v a l

in d u s

(m o n th s )

tr ie s

M a n u fa c ­
tu r in g

T im e

A ll

in te r v a l
(m o n th s )

in d u s ­

M a n u fa c ­
tu r in g

tr ie s

w ork ers:

13

105. 7

105. 9

12

104. 3

105. 2

12

107. 1

106. 6

25

109. 8
114. 0
-

109. 8

25

108. 0

110. 2

25

110. 8

111. 6

-

113. 9
-

38

114. 3

116. 0

37

114. 6

114. 6

50

120. 3

122. 8

122. 0

120. 4

39
_

62
74

124. 5

126. 4

49
60

128. 2

73

129. 0
134. 1

133. 4

130. 9
136. 3

85

137. 9

140. 8

97

1 9 5 4 .............................................................................

12

105. 2

1 0 4 .4

1 9 5 5 __________________________________________
1 9 5 6 _________________ ________________________

25
-

108. 3
-

106. 8
-

17
-

105. 3
-

106. 3
-

1 9 5 7 _________________ _____ , _____ _____

42

117. 0

114. 6

41

115. 2

116. 7

37
-

121. 6
127. 4

(4 )
65

(4 )
132. 3

61

125. 0

126. 2

128. 6

73

132. 0
136. 1

86

1 3 9 .9

98

12
25

(4)

1 9 5 8 ................ ............................................................

54

123. 8

1 9 5 9 - --------------------------------------------------------------1 9 6 0 __________________________________________

67

130. 3

79

134. 7

132. 4

78

132. 3

135. 3

87

129. 3
135. 6

1961

91

139. 8

137. 4

92

136. 5

139. 3

99

139. 1

107. 2
108. 0
-

17
-

107. 9
-

107. 8
-

__________________________________________

I n d u s tr ia l n u r s e s

-

-

_

127. 9

138. 6

133. 3
137. 4

87

143. 0

141. 9

101

12
25

107. 1
110. 3

107. 9
111. 0

37

115. 1

116. 5

122. 2

123. 6

130. 2
134. 9
142. 1
146. 1

1 3 0 .7
133. 9
141. 7

-

113. 0
_

114. 0
_
-

_

.

130. 9
135. 8

133. 6
140. 2

(w o m e n ):

1 9 5 4 __________________________________________

12

106. 5

1 9 5 5 ___________________________________ T______
1 9 5 6 _____ ______ ____ ________ _____ _

25
-

108. 1
-

1 9 5 7 ______________________________________ _

42
54

1 9 5 8 __________________________________________

117. 6

41

117. 1

1 1 7 .7

1 2 3 .4

1 2 2 .4
130. 4
135. 2

(4 )
65
78

(4 )
1 3 1 .4
1 3 6 .4

(4 )
131. 9

91

130. 6
136. 3
141. 1

140. 0

92

143. 5

1 3 6 .9
144. 7

12
25
_

105. 3

105. 6

107. 2
-

107. 6
-

17
-

1 0 6 .7
-

106. 7
-

116. 4

117. 1

41

119. 5

119. 5

67

1 9 5 9 ----------------------------------------------------------------1 9 6 0 __________________________________________

79

1961

__________________________________________

S k ille d m a in te n a n c e

tra d e s

117. 7

105. 2

105. 2

109. 7
111. 2
-

109. 7
111. 2
126. 1
132. 1
136. 6

62
74
86

99

126.
132.
136.
142.

142. 6

98

13

105. 6

105. 5

12

25

109. 5
115. 4
-

1 0 9 .4

25

115. 7
-

38

1 1 3 .4

50

117. 7

13
25
37
61
73
87

1
1
6
6

38
50

104. 2

108. 0

1 0 9 .9
115. 5

115. 9
121. 7

121. 1

127. 5

126. 8

134, 1
140. 6
145. 7

73
85

153. 0

97

104. 5

105. 2

1 0 9 .7

109. 6
113. 2
119. 4

12
25

131. 0
135. 9
142. 2

49
60

145. 6

_
39
-

_

_

.
_
87
101

_

114. 5
-

1 1 5 .4
_

124. 8
133. 3

1 2 3 .9
1 3 2 .4

(m e n ):

1 9 5 4 ............................................................................
1 9 5 5 .............................................................................
1 9 5 6 __________________________________________

37
-

37

107. 2

107. 2
1 1 1 .4

_

111. 9
116. 4

115. 7

122. 5

122. 0

128. 8

128. 2
132. 3

-

138. 9

87

142. 1

39
_

_

1 9 5 8 __________________________________________

122. 5

123. 5

(4 )

61

127. 6

62

124. 1

49
60

1 9 5 9 ----------------------------------------------------------------I 9 6 0 ___________________________________ _______

129. 1
134. 5

130. 1

65

131. 3

131. 0

73

132. 3

132. 2

74

128. 1

130. 0

73

79

1 3 5 .6

78

136. 2

136. 0

87

137. 4

137. 4

86

133. 6

134. 9

85

1 9 6 1 -----------------------------------------------------------------

91

140. 8

142. 1

92

142. 1

1 4 1 .8

99

142. 0

142. 3

98

139. 4

140. 5

97

132. 9
139. 7
143. 8

13

107. 1

107. 8

12

1 0 5 .4

106. 3

12

104. 5

10

. 3

_

.

25

111. 5
118. 2
-

112. 3

25

108. 1

110. 3

25

-

38

113. 5

114. 5

37

107. 9
i n . 9

-

120. 1
-

50

119. 6
125. 1

123. 1

49
60

109. 0
115. 5
120. 9
128. I
1 3 4 . ■>

•25. 9
i 32. 1

-

73
85
97

140. 8
143. 5

139. 6
141. 7

87
101

67

(4 )

(4 )

127. 4

122. 7

-

101

_

113. 8
_

42
54

1 9 5 7 .............................................................................

_

113. 6
_
_

135. 0

134. 0

139. 8

1 3 7 .9

U n s k i l l e d p la n t w o r k e r s fr n e n ):

1954

12

105. 1

105. 5

.

1 9 5 6 _______________________________ __________

25
_

107. 6
-

1 0 8 .8
-

17
-

107. 6
-

107. 8
-

1 9 5 7 __________________________________________

42

114. 4

114. 2

41

118. 2

118. 9

54

119. 7
128. 2

119. 4
128. 8

133. 3

133. 4

139. 4

1 3 9 .6

__________________________________________

1955

_________________ ~_________

T

__

1 Q5ft
1 9 5 9 _________________________________________ „

67

I 9 6 0 __________________________________________
1 9 6 1 __________________________________________

79
91

S ee

fo o tn o te s




at

end

o f t a b le .

.

_

(4 )

(4 )

65

1 3 2 .4

132. 7

78
92

136. 8

1 3 8 .7
1 4 4 .4

(4 )

143. 0

37
-

128. 4

132. 2

62

1 3 4 .9
138. 9

139. 6
144. 5

74

1 3 0 .4

87

86

136. 1

99

144. 3

150. 7

98

140. 6

61
73

129. 8
134. 8
137. 6
144. 2

j

1 iy. 0

39
-

_
5

105. 6
-

128. 3
131. 2

121. 6
123. 8

n o .
-

_
-

37
Table 7. Wage Indexes, Office and Plant— All Industries and Manufacturing— Continued
(I n d e x e s o f a v e r a g e w e e k l y e a r n i n g s o r a v e r a g e h o u r ly e a r n i n g s

f o r s e l e c t e d o c c u p a t io n a l g r o u p s s t u d ie d in

6

b r o a d in d u s t r y d i v i s i o n s in 20 l a b o r m a r k e t s ,

2

1954—61 3 )

(1 9 5 3 = 1 0 0 )
S ou th
A tla n t a

B a lt im o r e

D a lla s

M e m p h is

O c c u p a t io n a l g r o u p
T im e
in t e r v a l
(m o n t h s )

A ll
in d u s ­
tr ie s

12

103*
1 05 .
111.
1 15 .
122.
1 26.
1 32.
1 36 .

M a n u fa c ­
t u r in g

T im e
in t e r v a l
(m o n t h s )

A ll
in d u s ­
trie s

M a n u fa c ­
tu r in g

T im e
in t e r v a l
(m o n t h s )

A ll
in d u s ­
tr ie s

13
25
38
50
62
74

105.
110.
115.
122.
1 27.
1 31.
135.
139.

T im e
in t e r v a l
(m o n t h s )

M a n u fa c ­
tu r in g

A ll
in d u s ­
trie s

M a n u fa c ­
t u r in g

W om en o ffic e w o r k e r s :

1954
1955
1956
1957
1958
1959
I960
1961

_________________________________
..............................................................
..............................................................
..............................................................
_________________________________
--------------------------------------------------_________________________________
_________________________________

24
37
49
62

74
87
98

0
2
8
6
1

9
5
6

103.
105.
1 10.
1 16.
123.
1 27.
134.
1 38.

8

.

8

30

5
0

-

9
0
5
0

58
70
83
98

.

.

112. 9

-

114. 2
-

129. 7
1 34. 2
139. 6
145. 4

132. 1
139. 2
1 44. 7
1 50. 6

86

99

6
9

3
0

3
6

5
3

1 03. 3
1 08. 4
1 12. 7
1 18. 9
1 24. 4
127. 5
1 3 1 .4
1 34 . 7

12

25
37
49
60

72
84
96

104. 1
106. 2
1 13. 2
1 18. 0
120. 8
125. 0
1 2 7 .7
1 32. 6

102.
1 06.
110.
117.
1 22.
124.
127.
133.

3
2

7
0
3
4
3
2

I n d u s t r ia l n u r s e s (w o m e n ):

1954
1955
1956
1957
1958
1959
I9 6 0
1961

------------ ----------------------------------- ^
_________________________________
_________________________________
_________________________________
..............................................................
..........................- ..................................
_________________________________
_________________________________

12

24
37
49
62
74
87
98

1 05.
1 09.
1 19.
124.
1 31 .
1 37 .
1 43.
1 45 .

3
9

.

.

.

4
3
4
5
0

<9 )
1 08. 9
1 18. 5
124. 4
131. 9
1 38. 5
1 45. 9
1 48 . 1

58
70
83
98

1 32. 8
1 39. 1
1 46. 1
1 50. 8

133. 8
140. 8
146. 2
1 53. 9

105. 3
108. 3
1 14. 1
1 19. 1
1 2 6 .4
1 31. 5
136. 7
1 4 1 .4

1 0 4 .9
108. 2
113. 6
118. 0
126. 0
130. 3
1 34. 3
138. 7

30
58
70
83
98

1 15. 7
1 34. 5
141. 6
1 46. 6
1 51. 6

1 1 6 .7
136. 3
1 43. 7
1 48. 3
1 53. 1

105. 9
107. 9

104.
1 06.
1 18.
126.
1 36.
138.
137.
142.

.

.

30
58
70
83
98

115.
140.
143.
1 51.
1 57.

8

30
-

117. 2
-

1 1 6 .9
-

13
25
38
50
62

74
86

99

99. 2
106. 8
109.
117.
122.
127.
130.
132.

8

4
7
3
3
6

97.
106.
108.
116.
122.
125.
128.
6 125.

0
7

12

25
37
49

1

3
2

60

9

72
84
96

1

9

106. 7
114. 3
121. 0

.
130.
134.
140.
146.

126

1

3
5
3
2

(5 )
n
( 5)
(5 )
(5 )
(5 )
(5 )
(5 )

S k ille d m a in t e n a n c e t r a d e s ( m e n ) :

1954
1955
1956
1957
1958
1959
I9 6 0
1961

_________________________________
_________________________________
.................... .........................................
..............................................................
...................................................... .......
..............................................................
________ _______________________
_________________________________

12

24
37
49
62
74
87
98

13
25
38
50
62
74
86

99

105. 9
1 0 9 .9
1 15. 0
1 19. 4
124. 2
1 31. 8
137. 6
1 41. 9

107. 0
110. 7
114. 6
1 1 9 .3
1 24. 5
1 29. 5
1 35. 0
135. 9

1 0 3 .6
107. 1
112. 1
1 16. 6
1 23. 5
130. 6
1 34. 1
137. 8

1 0 9 .5
1 13. 8
1 15. 0
1 21. 5
126. 9
1 30 . 5
132. 7
136. 4

12

25
37
49
60

72
84
96

1 03. 5
1 06 . 5
1 15. 2
121. 4
129. 0
1 3 1 .9
1 37. 1
142. 2

1 0 1 .6

103. 9
113. 2
118. 5
124. 8
127. 3
1 3 1 .4
1 37. 5

U n s k ille d p la n t w o r k e r s (m e n ) :

1954
1955
1956
1957
1958
1959
I960
1961

..............................................................
_________________________________
..............................................................
_________________________________
_________________________________
--------------------------------------------------_________________________________
_________________________________

12

24
37
49
62
74
87
98

122. 6

1 28 . 6
1 3 5 .7
1 37 . 1
1 39. 3
142. 1

9
7
9
7
0
8

4
7

_
2

0
6

5
9

1 17. 1
1 40. 9
1 45 . 8
1 54. 4
163. 6

13
25
38
50
62
74
86

99

12

25
37
49
60
72
84
96

.
See fo o tn o te s




a t e n d o f ta b le ,

1 05.
1 08 .
1 17 .
1 25.
1 31.
1 32.
136.
139.

2
8

103. 4
107. 7

2

1 1 1 .6

6

119.
126.
128.
130.
134.

2
4
9
2

7
7
0

1
5

38
Table 7. Wage Indexes, Office and Plant— All Industries and Manufacturing— Continued
(Indexes of average weekly earnings or average hourly earnings 1 for selected occupational groups studied in 6 broad industry divisions in 20 labor m arkets, 2 1954—61 3 )
(1953=100)
North Central
C le v e la n d

C h ic a g o

K a n s a s C it y

M in n e a p o li s—St . P a u l

M ilw a u k e e

St. L o u is

O c c u p a t io n a l g r o u p
T im e
in t e r v a l
(m o n t h s )

A ll
in d u s ­
trie s

T im e
M a n u fa c ­
in t e r v a l
t u r in g
(m o n t h s )

A ll
in d u s tr ie s

T im e
M a n u fa c ­
in t e r v a l
tu r in g
[m o n t h s )

T im e
M a n u fa c ­
in t e r v a l
t u r in g
(m o n t h s )

A ll
in d u s ­
tr ie s

A ll
in d u s ­
tr ie s

T im e
M a n u fa c ­
in t e r v a l
tu r in g
(m o n t h s )

A ll
in d u s ­
tr ie s

T im e
M a n u fa c ­
in t e r v a l
t u r in g
[m o n t h s )

A ll
in d u s ­
tr ie s

M a n u fa c ­
t u r in g

W om en o ffic e w o r k e r s :

195 4
1955
1956
1957
1958
1959

_________________________________
_________________________________
..............................................................
............. .................................................
_________________________________
--------------------------------------------------1 9 6 0 _________________________________
1961 _________________________________

12

25
37
49
61

73
85
97

105. 8
1 09 . 5
1 14 . 3
1 20. 5
1 26. 1
1 2 9 .9
1 33 . 6
1 37 . 1

1 06 .
1 09.
114.
120.
1 27.
1 31.
134.
138.

105. 9
1 10. 3
1 16 . 9
122. 8
1 30. 9
1 3 5 .3
1 39. 7
1 44 . 1

1 05. 9
1 10. 3
1 1 6 .9
122. 8
130. 9
1 35. 3
1 40 . 4
1 4 4 .8

106.
1 09 .
1 15 .
1 21 .
1 27.
1 33.
1 37 .
1 42.

4
3

1 05.
1 09 .
1 15.
1 21.
1 28.
1 34.
1 37.
141.

1 05. 7
1 09. 4
1 14. 4
1 19. 0
1 24 . 8
1 30 . 6
1 33. 8
1 39. 0

1 04.
107.
113.
1 18.
1 24 .
1 29 .
1 33 .
1 37.

6

3
0
4
5

.

_

2
8

4

24
48
68

83
95

1 10 . 3
122. 0

1 31. 9
1 36 . 7
1 40. 6

1 11. 3
1 23. 6
1 34. 7
-

1 39. 7
1 43 . 9

-

-

-

50
_
87
97

-

-

1 23 . 6
_
1 38 . 0
1 42. 0

_
50
87
97

1 26 . 6
1 43. 0
1 48 . 5

1 23 . 1
_
1 40 . 9
1 44. 4

12
-

1 04 . 5

31
(4 )
61
72
84
96

no.

(4 )
1 25. 1
128. 7
1 3 3 .4
1 3 7 .4

(4 )
1 27. 2
1 32 . 0
136. 7
1 42. 1

12

31

1 05 . 5
1 15. 0

1 05. 5
1 15. 0

(4 )
61
72
84
96

(4 )
1 31. 5
1 37. 0
1 40 . 2
1 47. 3

(4 )
1 31. 5
1 37 . 0
1 4 0 .9
1 47. 9

1 05. 9
1 13. 0
(4 )
1 28. 2
1 33 . 2
1 39 . 7
1 44. 7

1 06. 3
113. 6
(4 )
1 2 8 .9
1 34 . 2
1 40 . 6
1 45. 7

1 04. 6
111. 1

105.
1 13.

(4 )
1 26. 3
1 31 . 2
1 34 . 5
1 38. 9

(4 )
1 27 . 5
1 31 . 6
1 34 . 8
1 39. 3

1

1 05. 5
.6

112

12

24
37
52
62
74
86

98

1 06.
109.
1 14.
1 21.
125.
1 29.
1 33 .
1 37 .

3
9
1
3
0

1 09.
1 14.
1 18.
1 24.
1 29 .
1 33 .
1 38 .
1 45.

4
2

1 06 .
.
1 15.
1 21 .
1 26 .
1 32 .
1 37 .
1 42 .

6

2

3
7

1 0 5 .8
1 09. 6
1 13 . 3
1 19. 3
1 2 2 .9
1 26. 7
1 3 0 .9
1 35. 1

13
26
38
(4 )
59
70
82
94

1 05 . 7
110. 1
1 14. 7
(4 )
1 24. 0
1 28 . 9
1 34 . 6
1 38. 4

1 05. 5
1 08. 8
1 13 . 9
(4 )
1 24. 3
1 29. 7
1 3 4 .9
1 39. 5

1 09. 4
1 14. 8
1 17. 2
1 23. 4
1 2 8 .9
133. 6
1 37 . 5
1 45. 3

13
26
38
(4 )
59
70
82
94

1 06 . 4
1 09 . 6
1 16 . 8
(4 )
1 28. 8
1 36. 0
142. 4
149. 6

105. 6
1 09 . 6
1 16 . 8
(4 )
1 28 . 8
1 36 . 0
1 42. 4
1 49. 6

1 06 .
1 08.
1 13.
1 19.
1 25 .
1 30 .
1 34 .
1 39 .

9
7
1
2
5
4

13
26
38
(4 )
59
70
82
94

1 07. 1
1 10. 5
1 17 . 3
(4 )
1 29. 0
1 34 . 4
1 40 . 1
1 44. 1

1 05. 8
no. 9
1 15. 5
121. 7
1 2 6 .7
1 3 3 .7
1 38. 1
1 43 . 1

13
26
38
(4 )
59
70
82
94

1 08 . 5
1 1 1 .7
1 16 . 6

I n d u s t r ia l n u r s e s (w o m e n ):

1954
1955
1956
1957
1958
195 9
1960
1961

_________________________________
_________________________________
_________________________________
_________________________________
_________________________________
--------------------------------------------------_________________________________
_________________________________

12

25
37
49
61
73
85
97

24
48
68

83
95

. 0
_
1 24 . 8
1 38. 3
1 45 . 9
1 50. 4

124. 1
1 38. 3
1 45. 1
149. 6

110. 1

110. 1

112

112. 0

7

-

1 22. 3
1 42. 3
1 4 7 .7

12

24
37
52
62
74
86

98

1

4
1
9
6

7

S k ille d m a in t e n a n c e t r a d e s (m e n ) :

1 95 4
1955
1956
1957
1958
1959

..............................................................
_________________________________
_________________________________
_________________________________
_________________________________
------------------------------------------------

1961

_________________________________

12

25
37
49
61
73
85
97

3
8

5
3
6
6

8

12

4
7

24
_
48

2

68

0

_

1 2 1 .9
1 30 . 5
_

122. 0
1 30. 3
_

6

83
95

1 39. 6
1 44. 0

0

9

_

50

124.

-

-

1 39 . 6
1 44. 0

_
87
97

1 08 . 9
_
121. 2
1 29. 8
1 38 . 8
1 45. 0

_
50
87
97

8

1 42. 1
145. 7

1 24 . 8
-

1 41. 6
1 45. 1

31
(4 )
61
72
84
96

12

24
37
52
62
74
86

98

110

2

5
7
7
6

1
0

7
1

1 07. 0
110. 0

1 16. 8
(4 )
128. 5
1 33. 8
1 39. 8
1 43. 4

U n s k ille d p la n t w o r k e r s ( m e n ) :
1954

_________________________________

1955
1956
1957
1958
I9 5 9
I960
1961

_________________________________
_________________________________
_________________________________
_________________________________
_________________________________
_________________________________
_________________________________

See footnotes at end of table.




12

25
37
49
61

73
85
97

8

_

0
5

24
.
48

6

68

3
2
1

83
95

6

.

.
1 1 1 .6

_
1 2 4 .7
134. 5
1 42 . 1
1 46. 4

_
1 24. 3
1 3 4 .9
1 43. 3

_
1 26. 3
1 41 . 2
1 47. 4

12

31
(4 )
61

72
84
96

8
6

12

1 06 . 4

24
37
52
62
74

111. 6

86

98

1 17.
1 24 .
1 30 .
1 37.
1 42.
1 48.

1
6

9
4
6

7

(4 )
1 27. 5
1 31 . 5
1 3 6 .9
1 43 . 0

1 07 . 4
. 2
1 15 . 2
(4 )
1 26. 7
1 32 . 0
1 38 . 3
1 43 . 3

110

39
Table 7. Wage Indexes, Office and Plant— All Industries and Manufacturing— Continued
(Indexes of average weekly earnings or average hourly ea rn in gs1 for selected occupational groups studied in 6 broad industry divisions in 20 labor m a rk e ts,2 1954-61 3 )
(1953=100)
West
D enver
T im e
in t e r v a l
(m o n t h s )

A ll
in d u s ­
trie s

L o s A n g e l e s —L o n g B e a c h
M a n u fa c ­
tu r in g

T im e
in t e r v a l
(m o n t h s )

A ll
in d u s ­
tr ie s

13
25
37
49
61
73

1 04.
108.
1 13.
1 20.
1 24.
1 30.
135.
141.

P o r t la n d

M a n u fa c ­
t u r in g

T im e
in t e r v a l
(m o n t h s )

A ll
in d u s ­
tr ie s

12

1 04.
1 10.
116.
120.
126.
130.
135.
139.

San F r a n c i s c o —O a k la n d
M a n u fa c ­
t u r in g

T im e
in t e r v a l
(m o n t h s )

A ll
in d u s ­
trie s

M a n u fa c ­
t u r in g

W om en o ffic e w o r k e r s :
1954
1955
1956
1957
1958
1959
I960
1961

________________________________
_________________________________
_________________________________
_________________________________
________________________________
--------------------------------------------------_________________________________
______________________________— .

1 05.
1 09 .
1 16.
1 29.
1 36.
1 40.
1 44.

13
25
37
61
73
85
97

1 0 5 .7
1 08 . 8
1 13. 3
1 25 . 8
1 3 0 ,4
1 35 . 5
1 40 . 8

13
25
37
61
73
85
97

108.
1 08.
1 15 .
1 29.
1 32.
1 36.
1 43.

13
25
37
61
73
85
97

108. 1
113. 0
.9
135. 2
1 40 . 6
1 46. 6
1 54. 4

109. 2
1 12. 5
120. 0
1 37. 4
142. 8
146. 9
1 53. 7

13
25
37
-

1 08.
114.
1 23 .
1 37.
1 45 .
1 53.
157.

112. 4
118. 9
124. 1
1 41. 5
149. 3
156. 5
159. 9

8
8

5
7
3
2
5

86

97

1 05 . 2
1 09. 0
1 1 3 .7
120. 2
125. 5
1 31. 1
1 36 . 6
1 41. 4

31
43
55
67
79
92
104

6

1 06. 8
1 09. 5
1 14. 2
1 20. 3
1 27. 0
132. 4
137. 8
1 4 1 .9

31
43
55
67
79
92
104

105. 5
1 0 8 ,7
1 14. 8
119. 4
125. 7
1 32. 5
1 36 . 8
142. 4

105. 8
1 0 8 .9
1 15. 2
1 19. 8
126. 4
132. 7
1 37. 0
1 42. 7

31
43
55
67
79
92
104

1 06. 0
109. 8
1 13. 6
119. 6
125. 9
1 32 . 3
136. 8
1 41. 5

1 04. 9
108. 6
112. 9
1 1 7 .9
124. 3
1 29. 5
1 35. 1
1 39. 8

12

104. 9

31
43
55
67
79
92
104

110. 6

6

4
5
5
4
2
7
1

7
3

6

100. 8

12

1 04 . 3

5
2
5
0

108.
114.
1 14.
123.
1 31 .
1 33.
134.

110. 9

1 1 1 .6

4

24
36
48
60
72
84
96

1 13. 8
121. 0
1 29. 0
1 36. 2
1 3 9 .9
1 51. 0

1 14 . 5
1 22. 5
130. 4
1 3 7 .7
141. 3
152. 2

1 04. 6
1 09 . 6
1 15. 1
122. 3
1 2 9 .9
1 35. 4
1 40. 0
145. 0

12

24
36
48
60
72
84
96

1 04. 0
1 06. 5
1 10. 4
1 18 . 6
1 25. 6
132. 2
1 36. 0
1 4 0 .9

1 04.
106.
110.
120.
1 27 .
134.
137.
144.

1 0 5 .5
1 12 . 5
116. 0
1 21. 3
1 27. 7
1 3 0 .4
1 36. 3
1 38. 9

24
36
48
60
72
84
96

106. 1
109. 3
113. 2
1 19. 4
1 25. 9
1 3 3 .4
1 39. 1
1 45. 8

1 04.
108.
111.
118.
124.
133.
138.
1 44.

3
3
1

12

24
36
48
60
72
84
96

6

7
3
1
1
8

7

104. 4
1 07. 6
1 1 2 .7
118. 3
123. 3
129. 2
132. 8
1 3 8 .4

5
0

6

2

3
0

104.
1 07.
112.
118.
1 23.
129.
132.
138.

1 04 .
110.
1 14.
120.
1 25.
1 29.
135.
1 39.

0

7

8
1

0
3
5
2

I n d u s t r ia l n u r s e s (w o m e n ):
1^54
1955
1956
1957
1 958
1959
I960
1961

_

_

_____ __________ ___

I____ I ____ ______________________
_________________________________
_________________________________
..............................................................
--------------------------------------------------_________________________________
_________________________________

0
0

(!>

2

(5 )

6

(* )

0
0
2

(? )
(? )
(5 )

13
25
37
49
61
73
86

97

105.
108.
.
119.
1 25.
1 30.
1 35.
1 39 .

112

4
1
8

5
5
2
6

12

101.
1 08.
113.
115.
1 24.
131.
135.
138.

8

7
0

6

1
8

4
3
6

105. 1

S k ille d m a in t e n a n c e t r a d e s ( m e n ) :
1954
1955
1956
1957
1958
1959

__________________________________
_________________________________
........................... ...................................
_________________________________
_________________________________
--------------------------------------------------1 9 6 0 _________________________________
1961 _________________________________

120

13
25
37
49
61

73
86

97

12

105.
1 09.
115.
121.
1 28.
1 34.
138.
144.

5
6

0
2

3
0
9
1

0
3
7
1
8

4
3
4

U n s k ille d p la n t w o r k e r s ( m e n ) :
1954
1955
1956
1957
1958
1959

_________________________________
_________________________________
_________________________________
_________________________________
..............................................................
--------------------------------------------------1 9 6 0 _________________________________
1961 _________________________________

61

73
85
97

0

2
8

3
1
0
5

13
25
37
49
61
73
86

97

113.
119.
1 25.
130.
1 35.
139.

9
1
3
1
4
8

12

2
5
6

4
8

5
4
6

1 Average weekly earnings relate to standard salaries that are paid for standard work schedules.
Average hourly earnings are straight-tim e hourly earnings, excluding prem ium pay for
overtim e and for work on weekends, holidays, and late shifts.
2 Limited to the 20 areas which were surveyed in 1953 (the base year of the indexes).
3 F iscal years ending June 30.
4 Limited surveys. Data w ere collected only for selected plant workers in manufacturing industries in Milwaukee and for plant w orkers in manufacturing and public utilities industries in
Buffalo and St. Louis.
3 Insufficient data to m eet publication criteria .
This decline largely reflects turnover in the occupation and shifts in employment between high- and low-wage establishments rather than wage d ecrea ses.
7 Revised estimate.

6

NOTE: Dashes indicate not surveyed this period.







Labor-Management Agreement Coverage

C om p letion o f the su r v e y s in the 80 a r e a s that con stitu te the
a r e a sa m p le o f a ll m e tro p o lita n a r e a s p e r m it s an ex a m in a tion , fo r the
fir s t tim e , o f the exten t to w h ich w a g es and s a la r ie s , su p p lem en ta ry
w age b e n e fits , and oth er con d ition s o f the urban w o r k e r s w ithin s c o p e
o f the s u r v e y s a r e s u b je c t to la b o r -m a n a g e m e n t a g r e e m e n ts . 22

m a n u factu rin g and p u b lic u tilitie s , sin c e r e la t iv e ly s m a ll p r o p o r tio n s
o f w o r k e r s a r e in v o lv e d ; in so m e o f the oth er n onm an ufacturin g in ­
d u stry d iv is io n s ---- p a r t ic u la r ly w h o le s a le tr a d e , r e ta il tra d e , and
s e r v ic e s — la r g e p r o p o r t io n s o f em p lo y m e n t a r e a ccou n ted fo r b y s m a ll
e s ta b lis h m e n ts.
The e stim a te s o f a g r e e m e n t c o v e r a g e a r e , thus,
r e p re s e n ta tiv e on ly o f m ed iu m and la r g e e m p lo y e r s in the in d u strie s
w ithin s c o p e o f the study and lo c a te d in m e tro p o lita n a r e a s .

E s tim a te s o f a g r e e m e n t c o v e r a g e a r e p r e s e n te d , s e p a r a te ly
fo r plant w o r k e r s and o ffic e w o r k e r s , fo r a ll m e tro p o lita n a r e a s c o m ­
bin ed and b y r e g io n , and by s iz e o f e sta b lis h m e n t w ithin ea ch r e g io n .
The p r o p o r t io n s o f plant and o ffic e w o r k e r s c o v e r e d b y c o lle c t iv e
ba rg a in in g a g r e e m e n ts a r e a ls o r e v ie w e d w ithin m a n u fa ctu rin g and
n on m an u fa ctu rin g.
E s tim a te s fo r in div id u al a r e a s , p u b lish ed in a
com p a n ion b u lletin , a r e s u m m a r iz e d h e r e and p r o v id e the b a s is fo r
c o v e r a g e e stim a te s b y s iz e o f com m u n ity . 23

A g re e m e n t c o v e r a g e e s tim a te s do not p u r p o r t to r e f le c t the
p r o p o r t io n s o f w o r k e r s belon g in g to la b o r o r g a n iz a tio n s . Union m e m ­
b e r s h ip m a y not be c o e x te n s iv e w ith total plan t o r o ffic e e m p loy m en t
as d efin ed fo r w age study p u r p o s e s . In a d dition , th ere m a y be union
m e m b e r s in e sta b lis h m e n ts not op era tin g u nder te r m s o f la b o r m a n a gem en t a g r e e m e n ts o r in esta b lis h m e n ts w h ich w e r e coun ted
as not having su ch a g r e e m e n ts , s in c e on ly a m in o r ity o f w o r k e r s
w e re c o v e r e d .

In trodu ction

A ll plant w o r k e r s o r o ffic e w o r k e r s w e r e c o n s id e r e d to be
c o v e r e d by a la b o r -m a n a g e m e n t c o n tr a c t if the te r m s o f one o r m o r e
such a g r e e m e n ts a p p lied to a m a jo r it y in the e sta b lis h m e n t. 24 If le s s
than h a lf o f the w o r k e r s in an e sta b lis h m e n t w e r e c o v e r e d b y an a g r e e ­
m en t, the tota l em p lo y m e n t (plant o r o ffic e w o r k e r s ) in the e s t a b lis h ­
m en t w as c la s s ifie d w ith the e m p loy m en ts in th ose e sta b lis h m e n ts
w h ich r e p o r t e d no la b o r -m a n a g e m e n t a g r e e m e n ts .

N ational and R e g io n a l E s tim a te s
E m p loy m en t in m ed iu m and la r g e e sta b lis h m e n ts w ithin s c o p e
o f the su r v e y in a ll (188) m e tro p o lita n a r e a s w as e stim a te d to in clu d e
1 0 ,5 8 3 ,0 0 0 plant w o r k e r s and 3 ,1 5 1 ,0 0 0 o ffic e w o r k e r s . 26 O f th ese
n ationw ide to ta ls , 7 3 p e r c e n t o f the plant w o r k e r s and 17 p e r c e n t o f
the o ffic e w o r k e r s w e r e c o v e r e d by c o lle c t iv e a g r e e m e n ts (table 8).

L im ita tio n s o f the Data

R e g io n a lly , a g r e e m e n t c o v e r a g e o f plant w o r k e r s ran ged fr o m
48 p e r c e n t in the South to 80 p e r c e n t in the N orth C en tral and W est
r e g io n s ; o ffic e w o r k e r c o v e r a g e w as a ls o lo w e s t in the South (14 p e r ­
cent) but slig h tly h ig h er in the N orth ea st (19 p e r c e n t) than in the oth er
two r e g io n s . The N orth east and N orth C en tral r e g io n s ea ch a ccou n ted
fo r a th ird o f the total n u m ber o f plant w o r k e r s , a fifth w e r e in the
South, and an eighth w e r e in the W est.
The d is trib u tio n o f o ffic e
w o r k e r s d iffe r e d fr o m this m a in ly in that the South and W est each
a ccou n ted fo r a sixth o f the n ation al total.

The e s tim a te s o f a g r e e m e n t c o v e r a g e , o f n e c e s s it y , r e la te
to the in d u str ie s in clu d ed w ithin s c o p e o f the w age s u r v e y s . A m ong
m a jo r e x c lu s io n s fr o m the s u r v e y s w e r e :
The c o n s tr u c tio n in d u s­
t r ie s and so m e o f the tra n sp o rta tio n and s e r v ic e in d u str ie s ju d g ed to
em p loy few w o r k e r s in the o ccu p a tio n s stud ied. A ls o e x clu d e d w e r e
m u n icip a lly o p e r a te d e n t e r p r is e s , such as lo c a l tr a n sit and e le c t r ic
and gas u tilitie s .
The e x c lu s io n o f esta b lis h m e n ts w ith fe w e r than
50 e m p lo y e e s 25 is not b e lie v e d to a ffe c t m a te r ia lly the e stim a te s fo r

A bout fo u r -fift h s o f the 6, 824, 300 plant w o r k e r s in m a n u ­
fa ctu rin g and t h r e e -fifth s o f the 3 ,7 5 8 ,3 0 0 plant w o r k e r s in nonm an u ­
fa ctu rin g w e r e in e sta b lis h m e n ts o p era tin g u nder te r m s o f c o lle c t iv e
b a rg a in in g a g r e e m e n ts .
The p r o p o r t io n s o f plant w o r k e r s c o v e r e d
by a g r e e m e n ts in the N orth ea st, N orth C en tra l, and W est r e g io n s
e x ce e d e d the n ationw ide e s tim a te s ; in the South, the p r o p o r t io n s w e r e
t h r e e -fifth s in m a n u factu rin g and a th ird in n on m an u fa ctu rin g.

22 N ational e s tim a te s p r e s e n te d in this a n a ly s is re la te to the
188 Standard M e tro p o lita n S ta tistic a l A r e a s in the U nited S tates, e x ­
cluding H aw aii, as e s ta b lis h e d by the B u rea u o f the B udget through 1959.
23 W ages and R e la te d B e n e fits , 82 L a b o r M a rk e ts, 1960—61
(BLS B u lletin 12 8 5 -8 3 ).
24 See d e fin itio n s o f "p lan t w o r k e r s " and " o f f i c e w o r k e r s " on
p. 54.
25 E s ta b lis h m e n ts w ith 50 o r m o r e w o r k e r s w e r e in clu d ed in
th ese stu d ie s, e x c e p t in 12 o f the la r g e s t a r e a s in w hich the m in im u m
w as 100 in m a n u fa ctu rin g , p u b lic u tilitie s , and r e ta il tra d e , and 50 in
the oth er in d u stry d iv is io n s .




26
T h ese e stim a te s e x clu d e about 25, 000 plant w o r k e r s
4, 000 o ffic e w o r k e r s fo r w hom in fo rm a tio n about a g r e e m e n t c o v e r a g e
w as not a v a ila b le .

41

and

42
A fifth o f the 1 ,9 1 3 ,0 0 0 o ffic e w o r k e r s in n on m an u fa ctu rin g
and an eighth o f the 1 ,2 3 8 ,0 0 0 o ffic e w o r k e r s in m a n u fa ctu rin g w e r e
c o v e r e d by a g r e e m e n ts .
R e g io n a lly , o ffic e w o r k e r c o v e r a g e in n on ­
m a n u fa ctu rin g ran ged fr o m a seven th in the South to slig h tly m o r e
than a fifth in ea ch o f the oth er r e g io n s ; c o v e r a g e in m a n u fa ctu rin g
ra n ged fr o m about a tenth in the N orth C en tra l and W est to a sixth
in the N orth ea st.
A g re e m e n t c o v e r a g e v a r ie d g r e a tly am ong the fiv e in d u stry
d iv is io n s stu d ied w ithin the n on m an u fa ctu rin g s e c t o r .
A s show n in
ta ble 9, c o v e r a g e o f both plant and o ffic e w o r k e r s w as g r e a te s t in
p u b lic u tilitie s and w as lo w e s t fo r plant w o r k e r s in r e ta il tra d e and
fo r o ffic e w o r k e r s in fin a n ce.
The in te rin d u s try c o n tr a s t w as m o s t
strik in g in the South w h e re 86 p e r c e n t o f the plant w o r k e r s and 55 p e r ­
cent o f the o ffic e w o r k e r s in the p u b lic u tilitie s grou p w e r e c o v e r e d
by a g r e e m e n ts ; am ong the oth er in d u stry d iv is io n s in the South, c o v ­
e r a g e o f plant w o r k e r s ran ged fr o m 13 to 22 p e r c e n t and c o v e r a g e o f
o ffic e w o r k e r s am oun ted to 3 p e r c e n t o r le s s .
The extent to w h ich a g r e e m e n t c o v e r a g e in n on m an u fa ctu rin g,
p a r t ic u la r ly o f o ffic e w o r k e r s , is c o n c e n tra te d in p u b lic u tilitie s is
su g g e s te d in the fo llo w in g tabu lation :

N o n m a n u fa ctu rin g
A l l m e t r o p o lit a n area s

O f f i c e w orkers

N o n m a n u fa ctu rin g , e x c lu d in g
p u b lic u t ilit ie s

N o n m a n u fa cturing

N o n m a n u fa ctu rin g , e x c lu d in g
p u b lic u t ilit ie s

--------------

61

46

20

7

N o r t h e a s t --------------------------------------S ou th ........................ - ............................
N orth C e n t r a l ------------------------------W e s t .............. — .......................................

69
34

56
15
52
69

21
14
22
23

8

66

78

V a ria tio n in a g r e e m e n t c o v e r a g e am ong e s t a b lis h m e n t -s iz e
g rou p s in n on m an u fa ctu rin g as a w h ole is ex p la in ed , in p a rt, b y d if­
fe r e n c e s in in d u stry c o m p o s itio n o f the s iz e g ro u p s . W ithin the 2 ,5 0 0
and o v e r s iz e grou p w ithin n on m an u fa ctu rin g, to illu s tr a t e , p u b lic
u tilitie s and r e ta il tra d e a ccou n ted fo r 57 and 40 p e r c e n t, r e s p e c t iv e ly ,
o f plant w o r k e r em p loy m en t; on ly 3 p e r c e n t o f th ese w o r k e r s w e r e
e m p lo y e d in w h o le s a le tr a d e , s e r v ic e s , and the r e a l esta te seg m en t
o f the fin a n ce d iv is io n .
B y w ay o f c o n tra s t, plan t w o r k e r s in the
100—249 e m p lo y e e grou p w e r e d is tr ib u te d as fo llo w s :
R e ta il tra d e ,
38 p e r c e n t; s e r v i c e s , 25 p e r c e n t; p u b lic u tilitie s and w h o le s a le tr a d e ,
17 p e r c e n t in e a ch ; and r e a l e sta te , 3 p e r c e n t.

The p a ttern o f in c r e a s e d c o v e r a g e in s u c c e s s iv e ly la r g e r
e s t a b lis h m e n t -s iz e g ro u p s w a s , h o w e v e r , found w ithin in d u stry d i­
v is io n s in the n on m an u fa ctu rin g s e c t o r .
A s show n in the fo llo w in g
tabu lation , v a r ia tio n in c o v e r a g e am ong s iz e g rou p s w as m u ch s m a lle r
in the p u b lic u tilitie s d iv is io n than in oth er d iv is io n s .

P e r c e n ta g e o f c o v e r e d w orkers
P lant w orkers

It sh ou ld b e n oted that s iz e -g r o u p e s tim a te s fo r the two b r o a d
in d u stry d iv is io n s r e la te to total e m p loy m en t, not to o ffic e o r plant
sta ffs o f s im ila r s iz e .
M o st m a n u factu rin g e s ta b lis h m e n ts , fo r e x ­
a m p le, em p loy fe w e r o ffic e w o r k e r s than a r e found in p u b lic u tility ,
in s u r a n ce , banking, o r r e ta il esta b lis h m e n ts w ith c o m p a r a b le total
em p loy m en t.

1
7
12

T h us, n ationw ide a g r e e m e n t c o v e r a g e o f plant and o ffic e
w o r k e r s in m a n u fa ctu rin g w as n e a r ly d ou ble that in n on m an u fa ctu rin g
w ith p u b lic u tilitie s e x clu d e d fr o m the c o m p a r is o n .

P e rce n t o f c o v e r e d p la n t w orkers in—

Size o f e sta b lis h m e n t g rou p
U n der 100 e m p lo y e e s 1 ---------------------------100 and un d er 2 50 e m p lo y e e s — ----- — 2 50 and u n d er 5 0 0 e m p lo y e e s --------- ------5 0 0 an d u n d er 1 ,0 0 0 e m p lo y e e s
— ------1 ,0 0 0 an d u n d er 2, 5 0 0 e m p l o y e e s --------2, 5 00 e m p lo y e e s and o v e r ---------------------1

P u b lic
u t ilit ie s

W h o le s a le
tra d e

R e t a il
tra d e

20

47
61
62
74
-

19
30
37
42
52
54

88

95
95
98
98

-

S e r v ic e s
39
57
54
72
74
-

S e e fo o t n o t e 3, t a b l e 1 0.

NOTE:

D ashes in d ic a t e da ta that d o n ot m e e t p u b l ic a t i o n c r it e r ia .

V a ria tio n b y S ize o f E s ta b lis h m e n t
An a n a ly s is o f a g r e e m e n t c o v e r a g e b y s iz e o f e sta b lis h m e n t
(in te r m s o f e m p loy m en t) in d ica te d that su ch c o v e r a g e in la r g e e s ta b ­
lish m en ts (2, 500 o r m o r e w o r k e r s ) w as about d ou ble the c o v e r a g e
o f plant w o r k e r s in the s m a lle s t e sta b lis h m e n t grou p (50—100 w o r k e r s )
and fiv e tim e s g r e a t e r than the c o v e r a g e am ong o ffic e w o r k e r s .
U su a lly , as show n in ta ble 10, the p r o p o r t io n s in c r e a s e d w ith each
s u c c e s s iv e s iz e g ro u p ; this p a ttern h eld f o r plant and o f f ic e w o r k e r s
in both m a n u fa ctu rin g and n on m an u fa ctu rin g w ithin in d iv id u al r e g io n s .




O ffic e w o r k e r c o v e r a g e u nder c o lle c t iv e a g r e e m e n ts in n on ­
m a n u fa ctu rin g ran ged fr o m 42 p e r c e n t in the 2 ,5 0 0 and o v e r g rou p to
7 p e r c e n t in the tw o s m a lle s t g r o u p s ; e m p lo y m e n t in the la r g e s t g rou p
w as co n c e n tra te d in p u b lic u tilitie s (48 p e r c e n t) and fin a n ce (36 p e r ­
cen t), w h e r e a s
in the tw o s m a lle s t g r o u p s , o ffic e e m p lo y m e n t w as
in la r g e p a rt r e c o r d e d in fin a n ce , w h o le s a le tr a d e , and the s e r v ic e
in d u s tr ie s . O ffic e w o r k e r c o v e r a g e a ls o in c r e a s e d w ith s u c c e s s iv e ly
la r g e r s iz e g ro u p s in the p u b lic u tilitie s and tra d e d iv is io n s but not
in fin a n ce and s e r v ic e s .

43
Although the in d u stry o r p r o d u c t m ix d iffe r e d su b sta n tia lly
am ong e s t a b lis h m e n t -s iz e g ro u p s in m a n u fa ctu rin g , the in te rg ro u p
d iffe r e n c e s in a g r e e m e n t c o v e r a g e w e r e s im ila r to th ose r e c o r d e d in
m a jo r p r o d u c t g rou p in g s w ithin total m a n u factu rin g as show n b e lo w :

Percent o f covered plant workers in—
All
Size of establishment group

Metals and

manufacturing

100 and under 250 employees ----------250 and under 500 employees - — -----500 and under 1,000 em p loyees---------1,000 and under 2, 500 employees -----2, 500 employees and over ------------- -

Food

metalworking *

73
81
82
85
97

70
80
86
86
97

70
74
79
83
93

w e r e 85, 73, and 72.
It can b e co n clu d e d that d iffe r e n c e s in c o n ­
tr a c t c o v e r a g e w e r e m in o r b etw een sm a ll and m ed iu m s iz e a r e a s and
that the le v e l o f c o v e r a g e w as g r e a te s t, b y a su bsta n tial m a rg in , in
the la r g e m e tro p o lita n m a rk e ts .

A bout 87 p e r c e n t o f the 3, 4 2 1 ,0 0 0 plant w o r k e r s in the m e ta ls
and m eta lw ork in g in d u str ie s in a ll a r e a s c o m b in e d w e r e c o v e r e d by
a g r e e m e n ts . A la r g e r p r o p o r t io n (13 o f 23) o f the a r e a s w ith a p op u ­
la tion o f 1 m illio n o r m o r e than o f s m a lle r a r e a s (21 o f 57) had h alf
o r m o r e o f the m a n u factu rin g w o r k e r s e m p lo y e d in m e ta ls and m e t a l­
w ork in g in d u s tr ie s .
In an a r r a y o f the la r g e m e ta lw o rk in g c e n t e r s ,
the m ed ian a r e a had 85 p e r c e n t o f a ll plant w o r k e r s e m p lo y e d under
a g r e e m e n ts ; am ong m eta lw ork in g a r e a s o f le s s than 1 m illio n p o p u la ­
tion, the c o v e r a g e estim a te in the m ed ia n a r e a w as 76 p e r c e n t.

1 Includes ordnance, primary metals, fabricated metal products, machinery, electrical
equipment, and transportation equipment.

V a ria tion A m ong 80 A r e a s
The p r o p o r t io n s o f w o r k e r s e m p lo y e d in m e ta ls and m e t a l­
w ork in g in d u str ie s ran ged fr o m a th ird o f a ll m an u factu rin g e m p lo y ­
m en t in the s m a lle s t s iz e grou p shown to th r e e -fo u r th s in the la r g e s t
s iz e g rou p ; e m p lo y m e n t in the fo o d in d u s tr ie s , as a p r o p o r t io n o f a ll
m a n u fa ctu rin g , w as r e la t iv e ly g r e a te s t in the s m a lle s t grou p (1 in
14) and s m a lle s t (1 in 25) in the la r g e s t g rou p .
A m ong a ll oth er
m a n u factu rin g in d u str ie s c o m b in e d , a g re e m e n t c o v e r a g e o f plant w o r k ­
e r s am oun ted to tw o -th ir d s in the two s m a lle s t s iz e g rou p s and about
th r e e -fo u r th s in the oth er th ree g ro u p s.

N orth ea st— A lb any—S ch en ecta d y —T r o y , B u ffa lo , New Y ork
C ity, N ew ark and J e r s e y C ity, P h ila d elp h ia , P ittsb u rg h ,
and Trenton.

V a ria tion b y S ize o f C om m u nity
T o ex am in e the re la tio n s h ip b etw een la b o r -m a n a g e m e n t a g r e e ­
m en t c o v e r a g e and a r e a p op u la tion , the 80 Standard M e tro p o lita n
S ta tistica l A r e a s stu d ied w e r e g rou p ed into the th ree pop u la tion g rou p s
shown in the fo llo w in g tabu lation :

Area population
1,000,000 or more ------2 5 0 ,0 0 0 -99 9 ,9 9 9 ........................
Less than 250,000 ..........................

Number o f
areas

Median area percent of
agreement coverage of
plant workers
(all industries)

23
39
18

83
69
66

With the 27 sou th ern a r e a s e x clu d e d , the m ed ia n a r e a e s t i­
m a tes fo r the th ree a r e a -p o p u la tio n g ro u p s , in the o r d e r lis te d a b o v e ,




A s in d ica ted e a r lie r , a g r e e m e n t c o v e r a g e e stim a te s fo r each
of the a r e a s stu d ied have been p u b lish ed in an e a r lie r b u lletin . The
a re a e s tim a te s h ave b een draw n upon h e r e m a in ly to poin t up the d e ­
g r e e o f d is p e r s io n in a g r e e m e n t c o v e r a g e am ong in div idu al a r e a s .
P lant w o r k e r c o v e r a g e in m an u factu rin g ran ged fr o m le s s than 10 p e r ­
cent in G r e e n v ille and R a leig h to 90 o r m o r e p e r c e n t in the 23 a r e a s
lis te d b e lo w :

South— B irm in g h a m .
N orth C en tra l— A k ron , Canton, C levela n d , C olu m bu s, D es
M o in e s , D e tro it, M ilw au k ee, Sioux F a lls , St. L o u is , T o le d o ,
W a te r lo o , and W ich ita.
W est— San F r a n c is c o —O akland,

S ea ttle,

and Spokane.

O ffic e w o r k e r c o v e r a g e in m an u factu rin g am oun ted to le s s
than 5 p e r c e n t in 43 o f the 80 a r e a s and to 25 o r m o r e p e r c e n t in
5 a r e a s . A ll-in d u s tr y e stim a te s ex h ib ited a s im ila r ran ge o f e x tr e m e
v a lu es. Only sev en a r e a s , h o w e v e r , had fe w e r than 5 p e r c e n t o f the
o ffic e w o r k e r s c o v e r e d in a ll in d u str ie s c o m b in e d , r e fle c t in g the r e la ­
tiv e ly e x te n siv e a g r e e m e n t c o v e r a g e in p u b lic u tilitie s .

44
T a b le

8.

L a b o r -M a n a g e m e n t A g r e e m e n t C o v e r a g e

T a b le 9 .

L a b o r -M a n a g e m e n t C o v e r a g e in N o n m a n u f a c t u r in g

b y In d u stry D iv is io n an d R e g io n

b y In d u stry D iv is io n

(P e r c e n t of plant and o ffic e w o r k e r s 1 em ployed in l a r g e - and m e d iu m -s iz e
e sta b lish m e n ts in w hich a con tract or c o n tracts c o v ere d a m a jo r ity of the
w o r k e r s in the r e sp e c tiv e c a te g o r ie s , late I9 6 0 and e a rly 1961)
P e r c e n t of plant w o r k e r s
under ag r e e m e n ts in—
R egion 2
A ll
M anu­
in d u strie s factu ring

A ll m e tro p o lita n a r e a s ___
N orth e ast ______________
South ____________________
North C en tral __________
W e st _____________________

73
77
48
80
80

79
81
60
86
83

P e r c e n t of o ffic e w o rk ers
under a g r ee m e n ts in—

N on ­
M an u ­
A ll
m an u ­
in d u strie s factu ring
factu ring

61
69
34
66
78

12
16
13
9
11

17
19
14
16
18

P e r c e n t of plant w o r k e r s
under a g ree m e n ts in—

Non­
m an u ­
factu ring

20
21
14
22
23

Industry d ivision

P u b lic u tilitie s ________
W h o lesa le tra de _______
R e ta il tra d e . ___________
Fin ance 4 _______________
S e r v ic e s ________________

A ll
m e tr o ­
politan
areas
95
56
39

N orth ­
ea st

South

86
22
13

97
63
47

North
C en tral

98
65
42

P e r c e n t of o ffic e w o r k e r s
under a g r e e m e n ts in—

W e st

98
75
68

-

-

-

-

-

56

68

18

69

66

A ll
m e t r o ­ N orth ­
politan
ea st
areas
65
9
17
3
11

71
10
23
3
15

South

55
(3 )
3
(3 )
3

N orth
C en tral

W e st

70
9
15
3
3

60
17
36
2
20

1 F o r definition o f r e g io n s, s e e footnote 2 , table A - l .
2 F o r definition of plant and o ffic e w o r k e r s , s e e appendix A .
3 L e s s than 0. 5 p e r c e n t.
4 F in a n c e, in su ra n ce , and r e a l e sta te . Data for plant w o r k e r s a r e lim ite d to r e a l estate e s ­
ta b lish m e n ts and do not m e e t p ublication c r ite r ia .

1 F o r definition of plant and o ffic e w o r k e r s , see appendix A .
2 F o r definition of r e g io n s, see footnote 2, table A - l .

T a b le 10.

and R e g io n 1

(P e r c e n t of plant and o ffic e w o r k e r s 2 em ployed in la r g e - and m e d iu m -s iz e e sta b lish m e n ts
in w hich a con tract or c o n tracts c o v ere d a m a jo r ity of the w o r k e r s in the r e sp e c tiv e
c a te g o r y , late I9 6 0 and e a rly 1961)

L a b o r -M a n a g e m e n t A g r e e m e n t C o v e r a g e b y S ize o f E s t a b lis h m e n t

(P e r c e n t of plant and o ffic e w o r k e r s 1 em ployed in esta b lish m en ts in which a con tract or con tracts c o v ere d a m a jo r ity of the w o r k e r s in the r e s p e c tiv e c a te g o r y , late I9 6 0 and e a r ly 1961)
P e r c e n t of plant w o r k e r s under a g r ee m e n ts in e sta b lish m e n ts em ploying—
500
and
under
1 ,0 0 0

1 ,0 0 0
and
under
2 , 500

P e r c e n t of o ffic e w o r k e r s under a g r ee m e n ts in esta b lish m en ts em ploying—

Under
1003

100
and
under
250

250
and
under
500

A ll m e tro p o lita n a r e a s ______________
M anufacturing ____________________
N onm anufacturing _______________

44
53
39

63
70
53

68
74
56

76
79
68

80
83
73

89
93
80

6
1
7

N orth e ast ______________________________
M anufacturing ____________________
N onm anufacturing _______________

54
57
50

72
77
62

69
72
60

82
84
76

86
90
75

89
91
85

South ___________________________________
M a n u fa c tu r in g _____________________
Nonm anufacturing ________________

21
37
14

34
46
23

46
58
31

49
53
43

61
65
54

North C en tral _________________________
M anufacturing ____________________
Nonm anufacturing _______________

52
57
49

68
71
63

75
83
58

85
87
80

86
88
79

W e st ___________________________________
M anufacturing ------------------------------N onm anufacturing _______________

59
69
55

74
77
71

82
89
73

82
81
83

80
74
86

R e g io n 2 and in du stry group

250
and
under
500

500
and
under
1, 000

1, 000
and
under
2 , 500

2 , 500
and
over

6
2
7

9
5
12

15
10
19

22
12
30

31
20
42

10
1
12

8
4
10

10
7
12

18
12
22

21
20
22

31
26
35

82
87
71

2
1
2

3
1
4

6
3
7

10
5
11

27
11
34

44
34
56

90
95
69

4
4

4
1
5

9
2
13

14
6
22

18
7
34

29
16
53

95
93
99

10
3
11

9
2

12
5
16

18
21
16

26
9
34

26
15
38

2 , 500
and
over

.

Under
1003

100
and
under
250

11
1
2
3

F o r definition of plant and o ffice w o r k e r s , see appendix A .
F o r definition of r e g io n s, see footnote 2, table A - l .
.
.
M in im u m -s iz e esta b lish m en t (in t e r m s of em ploym en t) w as 50 w o r k e r s ex cept in 12 la r g e a r e a s in w hich a m in im u m of 100 w o r k e r s applied m m an u factu rin g, public u tilitie s , and r e ta il tra d e .




Establishment Practices and Supplementary Wage Provisions
Sch eduled W ork w eek s

L a te -S h ift O p era tion s and P ay P r o v is io n s in M an ufacturin g
A bout 22 p e r c e n t o f a ll m a n u factu rin g plant w o r k e r s w e re
e m p lo y e d on la te sh ifts at the tim e of the su rv ey .
A m on g r e g io n s ,
the p r o p o r t io n o f la t e -s h ift w o r k e r s ran ged fr o m n e a r ly a fifth in the
N orth ea st to a lm o s t a fou rth in the South (ta ble B -2 ).

The 4 0 -h o u r w eek w as the m o s t ty p ic a l w o rk sch ed u le 27 fo r
both o ffic e and plant w o r k e r s w ithin s c o p e o f the study; n e a r ly tw o th ird s o f the o ffic e w o r k e r s and fu lly fo u r -fift h s o f the plant w o r k e r s
w e re sch ed u led to w o rk 40 h o u r s.
N e a rly a ll oth er o ffic e w o r k e r s
had w ork sch e d u le s o f le s s than 40 h o u r s, c o m m o n ly 37. 5 or 35 h ou rs.
A g r e a te r p r o p o r t io n o f plant w o r k e r s w e r e sch ed u led to w o rk m o r e
than 40 h o u rs than le s s than 40 h o u r s. The a v e r a g e sch ed u led w o r k ­
w eek fo r a ll o ffic e w o r k e r s w as 38. 9 h ou rs and fo r plant w o r k e r s ,
40. 5 h o u rs (ta b le B - l ) .

M any e sta b lis h m e n ts w e r e not op era tin g la te sh ifts at the
tim e o f su rv ey but had s p e c ific p r o v is io n s c o v e r in g the op e ra tio n o f
late sh ifts; about 86 p e r c e n t o f the m a n u factu rin g plant w o r k e r s w e re
in plants p r o v id in g fo r second sh ift o p e r a tio n s and 77 p e r c e n t w e r e in
plants w ith t h ir d -s h ift p r o v is io n s . T h e se e s tim a te s w e r e e x ce e d e d in
the N orth C en tral and W est; c o r r e s p o n d in g fig u r e s fo r the N orth ea st
and South w e re som ew h at b e lo w the n ational e stim a te s .

F o r o ffic e w o r k e r s , a v e r a g e sch ed u led w ork w eek s w ithin
in d u stry d iv is io n s ra n ged fr o m 37. 9 in fin a n ce to 39. 6 in r e ta il trad e
esta b lis h m e n ts.
R e ta il tra d e w as the on ly n on m an u factu rin g in du stry
d iv is io n w h ere o ffic e w o r k e r s had lo n g e r a v e r a g e w ork w eek s than in
m a n u factu rin g .
In the fin a n ce grou p, n e a r ly tw o -th ir d s o f the o ffic e
w o r k e r s had sch ed u led w o rk w eek s o f le s s than 40 h ou rs and a th ird
had sch e d u le s o f le s s than 5 1 l! z h o u rs a w eek.
A bout h a lf o f the
o ffic e w o r k e r s in the s e r v ic e s grou p w e r e sch ed u led to w o rk le s s
than 40 h o u rs a w eek.

N ea rly a ll fir m s w ith p r o v is io n s fo r la t e -s h ift w o rk p r o ­
v id ed fo r an ad d ition a l p a ym en t (sh ift d iffe r e n tia l) fo r such w ork.
M ost c o m m o n ly , sh ift d iffe r e n t ia ls w e re p r o v id e d in the fo r m o f a
c e n t s -p e r -h o u r ad dition to r a te s paid f ir s t - s h i f t w o r k e r s .
The next
m o s t c o m m o n type o f d iffe r e n tia l w as a u n ifo rm p e r ce n ta g e added to
the f i r s t - s h i f t r a te s .
T h is p a ttern w as fo llo w e d in a ll r e g io n s e x ce p t
in the W est, w h ere the secon d m o s t c o m m o n type o f d iffe r e n t ia l fo r
s e c o n d -s h ift w o r k e r s w as u su ally a com b in a tion of a fu ll d a y ’ s pay
fo r r e d u c e d h ou rs w ork ed and a c e n t s -p e r -h o u r or p e r ce n ta g e d if ­
fe r e n tia l.
F o r t h ir d -s h ift w o r k e r s in the W est, com b in a tion plans
w e re the m o s t co m m o n type o f d iffe r e n tia l.

By r e g io n , the a v e r a g e sch ed u led w eek ly h ou rs of o ffic e
w o r k e r s ra n g ed fr o m 37. 8 in the N orth ea st to 39. 6 in the South and
W est.
N e a rly th r e e -fifth s o f the o ffic e w o r k e r s in the N orth ea st had
w eek ly sc h e d u le s o f le s s than 40 h ou rs— ty p ic a lly 35 h o u rs.
O ffice
w o r k e r s in New Y o rk City, a ccou n tin g fo r n e a r ly tw o -fifth s o f the
N orth ea st total, a v e r a g e d 36. 3 h o u r s; a v e r a g e sch ed u led w eek ly h ou rs
o f 38. 8 w e r e r e c o r d e d fo r the r e m a in d e r o f the r e g io n .

A w ide v a r ie ty o f c e n t s -p e r -h o u r and p e r ce n ta g e d iffe r e n tia ls
w e r e in clu d ed in the a ll m e tr o p o lita n a r e a data.
T o s im p lify c o m ­
p a r is o n s , a v e r a g e c e n t s -p e r -h o u r d iffe r e n t ia ls and a v e r a g e p e r ce n ta g e
ad dition to f ir s t - s h i f t r a te s w e re com p u ted .
In fir m s w ith p r o v is io n s
fo r a c e n t s -p e r -h o u r d iffe r e n tia l fo r the se co n d shift, the a v e r a g e
d iffe r e n tia l w as 8. 9 cen ts and ra n ged fr o m 8. 1 cen ts in the South to
10 cen ts in the W est.
The a v e r a g e d iffe r e n tia l fo r t h ir d -s h ift w o r k ­
e r s w as 11. 7 ce n ts, ran gin g fr o m 10. 8 cen ts in the South to 12. 4 cen ts
in the W est.

The a v e r a g e sch ed u led h ou rs o f plant w o r k e r s ran ged fr o m
40. 2 in m a n u fa ctu rin g to 41. 5 in the s e r v ic e s d iv is io n . 28 By r e g io n ,
plant w o rk e r sc h e d u le s ran ged fr o m 40. 1 in the N orth ea st to 41. 5 in
the South.
F o u r -fift h s or m o r e o f the plant w o r k e r s in the N orth east,
N orth C en tral, and W est r e g io n s had a 4 0 -h o u r sch ed u le; although
a su bstan tial m a jo r it y o f the sou th ern plant w o r k e r s w e r e a ls o on
this standard sch ed u le, lo n g e r w o rk w e e k s w e r e r e la t iv e ly m o r e c o m ­
m on in the South than in the oth er r e g io n s .

In fir m s w ith u n ifo rm p e r ce n ta g e ad d ition s to f i r s t - s h i f t r a te s ,
the a v e r a g e d iffe r e n t ia l w as 7. 9 p e r c e n t fo r s e c o n d -s h ift w o r k e r s and
10. 1 p e r c e n t fo r t h ir d -s h ift w o r k e r s .
T h is type o f d iffe r e n tia l w as
m o r e c o m m o n in the N orth ea st and N orth C en tral r e g io n s than in the
South or W est.
A v e r a g e p e r ce n ta g e d iffe r e n tia ls fo r se co n d shift
ran ged fr o m 7. 1 in the N orth C en tra l r e g io n to 8. 9 in the N orth east.
F o r t h ir d -s h ift w o r k e r s , the a v e r a g e ran ged fr o m 8. 9 in the South to
10. 9 in the W est.

27 The sch ed u led w ork w eek is d efin ed a s the num ber o f h ou rs
w hich a m a jo r ity o f the fu ll-t im e f i r s t or d a y -s h ift w o r k e r s w e r e e x ­
p e c te d to w o rk at the tim e o f su rv ey , w hether they w e re paid at
s tra ig h t-tim e o r o v e r t im e r a te s .
It w ould r e f le c t the n o rm a l w ork
sch ed u le at the tim e o f su rv ey .
28 Data fo r n o n o ffic e (plant) w o r k e r s in fin a n ce and in su ra n ce
a r e not p r e s e n te d se p a r a te ly .
P la n t w o r k e r s in r e a l esta te fir m s
a r e in clu d ed in " a ll in d u s tr ie s , ” h o w e v e r.




P aid H olid a y s
V irtu a lly a ll o ffic e w o r k e r s and 9 5 p e r c e n t o f the plant w o r k ­
e r s in m e tro p o lita n a r e a s w e r e em p loy ed in e sta b lis h m e n ts with p r o ­
v is io n s fo r paid h o lid a y s . O ffice w o r k e r s w e re p r o v id e d an a v e r a g e
45

46

o f 7. 8 h o lid a y s annually and plant w o r k e r s 7. 0 h o lid a y s (ta b le B -3 ).
T h ese a v e r a g e s in clu d e 1 o r m o r e h a lf-d a y pa id h o lid a y s w h ich ap p lied
to about 1 out o f e v e r y 5 o ffic e and plant w o r k e r s .
The m o s t lib e r a l
h olid a y p r o v is io n s w e r e r e p o r t e d in the N orth ea st re g io n , w h ere o ffic e
w o r k e r s a v e r a g e d 9. 1 h o lid a y s and plant w o r k e r s 7. 6 da ys.
T h is
w as the on ly r e g io n in w h ich the a v e r a g e n um ber o f h o lid a y s e x ce e d e d
the n ation a l a v e r a g e . V irtu a lly a ll o ffic e w o r k e r s w e r e in f ir m s w ith
p r o v is io n s fo r pa id h o lid a y s in each o f the r e g io n s ; they a v e r a g e d
6. 6 h o lid a y s annually in the South, 7. 1 days in the N orth C en tra l
re g io n , and 7. 6 h o lid a y s in the W est.
E ig h ty -s ix p e r c e n t o f the
plant w o r k e r s in the South w e r e p r o v id e d an a v e r a g e o f 6. 1 h o lid a y s ,
98 p e r c e n t o f N orth C en tra l plant w o r k e r s w e r e p r o v id e d 6. 8 da ys, and
96 p e r c e n t o f the plant w o r k e r s in the W est w e r e p r o v id e d an a v e r a g e
o f 6. 9 da ys.

A m on g in d u stry d iv is io n s , paid h o lid a y s fo r o ffic e w o r k e r s
ran ged fr o m an a v e r a g e o f 6. 7 in r e ta il tra d e to 8. 9 days in the
fin a n ce d iv is io n .
M o re than a th ird o f the o ffic e w o r k e r s in the
fin a n ce grou p r e c e iv e d 11 o r m o r e h o lid a y s annually.
A m on g plant
w o r k e r s w ho r e c e iv e d pa id h o lid a y s , the a v e r a g e o f 7. 0 days w as e x ­
c e e d e d in ea ch in d u stry d iv is io n e x ce p t r e ta il tra d e and s e r v ic e s ; in
each o f th ese two g rou p s, plant w o r k e r s a v e r a g e d 6. 1 h o lid a y s . T h ese
g rou p s a ls o ran ked lo w e s t in the p r o p o r t io n of plant w o r k e r s w ho w e r e
p r o v id e d paid h o lid a y s— 93 p e r c e n t in r e ta il tra d e and 77 p e r c e n t in
s e r v ic e s : N in e ty -e ig h t p e r c e n t of the plant w o r k e r s in p u b lic u tilitie s
w e re p r o v id e d 7. 6 h o lid a y s w h ile 96 p e r c e n t of the plant w o r k e r s in
m a n u factu rin g and 97 p e r c e n t o f th ose in w h o le s a le trad e fir m s w e r e
p r o v id e d 7. 1 da ys.
A lth ough the am oun t o f paid h olid a y tim e r e c e iv e d by o ffic e
w o r k e r s e x c e e d e d that fo r plant w o r k e r s in each in d u stry d iv is io n , the
d iffe r e n c e w as s m a lle r (e x c e p t in s e r v ic e s ) than the 0. 8 h ou rs r e ­
c o r d e d fo r a ll in d u s tr ie s com b in ed .
T h is is la r g e ly ex p la in ed by the
m o r e lib e r a l p r o v is io n s in fin a n ce ; th is d iv is io n a cco u n te d fo r a th ird
o f a ll o ffic e w o r k e r s but fo r c o m p a r a tiv e ly few plant w o r k e r s .

P a id V a ca tion s
N ea rly a ll o ffic e and plan t w o r k e r s w ithin s c o p e o f the su rv ey
in the 188 Standard M e tro p o lita n S ta tistica l A r e a s w e r e e m p lo y e d in
fir m s p r o v id in g e m p lo y e e s w ith v a c a tio n s w ith pay.
W ith fe w e x c e p ­
tion s, the am ount o f pay is graduated on a slid in g s c a le , b a s e d on
length o f s e r v ic e , v a r y in g fr o m as little as 1 day*s pay fo r a sh o rt
length o f e m p lo y m e n t to as m u ch as 4 or m o r e w eeks* pay fo r long
s e r v ic e w ith the e m p lo y e r .
V a ca tion pay p r o v is io n s fo r o ffic e w o r k e r s w e r e a lm o s t
a lw a y s e x p r e s s e d in t e r m s o f r e g u la r w eek ly ea rn in g s fo r a stated
n um ber o f w e e k s, depen din g on length o f s e r v ic e w ith the e m p lo y e r .




Pay p r o v is io n s fo r 86 p e r c e n t o f the plant w o r k e r s w e r e a ls o e x ­
p r e s s e d in te r m s of r e g u la r o r a v e r a g e ea rn in g s fo r a s p e c ifie d
p e r io d o f tim e, depen din g on s e r v ic e .
A bou t 13 p e r c e n t o f the plant
w o r k e r s w e r e in fir m s in w h ich v a c a tio n pay w as e x p r e s s e d as a
p e r c e n ta g e o f the w orker* s annual e a rn in g s.
F la t-s u m and oth er
type o f v a c a tio n p a ym en t a p p lied to fe w e r than 1 p e r c e n t o f a ll o ffic e
and plant w o r k e r s .
In p r e p a r in g ta ble B -4 , a ll p e r ce n ta g e and fla t su m -ty p e p a ym en ts w e r e c o n v e rte d to a le n g t h -o f-t im e equ iv alen t; fo r
ex a m p le, 2 p e r c e n t o f annual ea rn in g s w as c o n s id e r e d as 1 w eek*s pay.
V a ca tion pay p r o v is io n s fo r e m p lo y e e s w ith r e la t iv e ly sh o rt
s e r v ic e w e r e m o r e lib e r a l fo r o ffic e w o r k e r s than fo r plant w o r k e r s
w ith c o m p a r a b le p e r io d s o f s e r v ic e . T h r e e -fift h s o f the o ffic e w o r k ­
e r s c o m p a re d w ith le s s than a fifth o f the plant w o r k e r s q u a lified fo r
a w eek or m o r e o f v a c a tio n pay a fter 6 m on th s o f s e r v ic e .
Tw o
w eek s o f v a c a tio n pay a fte r 1 y e a r* s s e r v ic e w as a v a ila b le to th r e e fou rth s o f the o ffic e w o r k e r s and a fifth o f the pla n t w o r k e r s . P r o ­
v is io n s w e r e a ls o m o r e lib e r a l fo r o ffic e w o r k e r s as to the m a xim u m
am ount o f v a c a tio n pay.
V a ca tion pay o f 4 o r m o r e w eek s w as a v a ila ­
b le to 42 p e r c e n t o f the o ffic e e m p lo y e e s c o m p a re d w ith 27 p e r c e n t
o f the plant w o r k e r s .
(S ee table B - 4 .)
The fin a n ce in d u s tr ie s p r o v id e d the m o s t lib e r a l v a c a tio n s
fo r s h o r t - s e r v ic e o ffic e w o r k e r s ; 97 p e r c e n t o f the fin a n ce w o r k e r s
w ith a y e a r o f s e r v ic e q u a lified fo r at le a s t 2 w eek s of v a c a tio n pay.
C o r re s p o n d in g b e n e fits fo r 1 -y e a r e m p lo y e e s w e r e r e p o r te d b y o ffic e s
a ccou n tin g fo r slig h tly m o r e than fo u r -fift h s o f the o ffic e em p loy m en t
in m a n u fa ctu rin g , about th r e e -fo u r th s in w h o le s a le tra d e and s e r v ­
ic e s , and le s s than h a lf in p u b lic u tilitie s , and slig h tly o v e r a th ird
in r e ta il tra d e.
S im ila r p r o p o r t io n s o f l o n g - s e r v ic e o ffic e e m p lo y e e s
in fin a n ce, p u b lic u tilitie s , and r e ta il tra d e w e r e p r o v id e d 4 or m o r e
w e e k s ’ v a ca tion .
V a ca tion b e n e fits fo r s h o r t - s e r v ic e plant w o r k e r s w e r e g e n ­
e r a lly m o r e lib e r a lly p r o v id e d in n on m an u fa ctu rin g than in m a n u fa c ­
tu ring.
P u b lic u tilitie s p r o v id e d g r e a te r p r o p o r t io n s o f l o n g - s e r v ic e
plant w o r k e r s w ith m o r e paid v a c a tio n tim e than did any o f the oth er
in d u str ie s .
The p r o p o r t io n s o f plant w o r k e r s in e sta b lis h m e n ts that
p r o v id e d at le a s t 3 weeks* pay a fte r 15 y ears* s e r v ic e w e r e v ir tu a lly
a ll in p u b lic u tilitie s , th r e e -fo u r th s in m a n u factu rin g , about tw o -th ir d s
in w h o le s a le trad e and r e ta il tra d e, and a th ird in s e r v ic e s .

H ealth,

In su ra n ce,

and P e n sio n P la n s

C o v e ra g e under som e fo r m o f in su ra n ce or p e n sio n pla n w as
exten ded to 99 p e r c e n t o f the o ffic e w o r k e r s and 97 p e r c e n t o f the
plant w o r k e r s in a ll m e tr o p o lita n a r e a s (ta b le B -5 ).
The tabu lation o f in su ra n ce and p e n sio n p la n s r e la t e s on ly to
the p r e v a le n c e o f such p la n s.
No attem pt w as m a d e to evalu ate eith er

47
the m on ey c o s t o r the b e n e fits p r o v id e d by any plan.
A ll p la n s a r e
in clu d ed fo r w h ich at le a s t a p a rt o f the c o s t is b o r n e by the e m p lo y e r ,
e x ce p t fo r th o se le g a lly r e q u ire d , such as w ork m en *s c om p en sa tion ,
s o c ia l s e c u r ity , r a ilr o a d r e tir e m e n t, and the c o m p u ls o r y te m p o r a r y
d is a b ility in su ra n ce r e q u ire m e n ts in New Y o rk and New J e r s e y . P la n s
in clu d ed th ose u n d erw ritten by a c o m m e r c ia l in su ra n ce com p a n y and
th ose p r o v id e d th rough a union fund o r paid d ir e c t ly by the e m ­
p lo y e r out o f c u r r e n t op e ra tin g funds o r fr o m a fund se t a s id e fo r
this p u rp o s e .
L ife in su r a n ce c o v e r a g e w as the m o s t c o m m o n b e n e fit p r o ­
v is io n .
It w as a v a ila b le to 93 p e r c e n t o f the o ffic e and 90 p e r c e n t of
the plant w o r k e r s .
The m o s t w id e s p re a d h ealth in su r a n ce p r o v is io n w as fo r h o s ­
p ita liza tio n , w h ich c o v e r e d 84 p e r c e n t o f o ffic e w o r k e r s and 87 p e r ­
cen t o f plant w o r k e r s .
In r e c e n t y e a r s , the tren d in health plans
has b een to c o m p r e h e n s iv e p la n s e n co m p a s sin g h osp ita liza tio n , s u r ­
g ic a l, m e d ic a l, and c a ta stro p h e (ex ten d ed m e d ic a l) in su ra n ce .
N ea rly
a ll o f the w o r k e r s now c o v e r e d by h o s p ita liz a tio n p r o v is io n s a ls o have
s u r g ic a l c o v e r a g e . M e d ic a l-c a r e in su r a n ce w as exten ded to 63 p e r ­
cen t o f the o ffic e and 62 p e r c e n t o f the plant w o r k e r s .
C ata strop h e
in su ra n ce c o v e r e d 49 p e r c e n t o f o ffic e and 21 p e r c e n t o f plant e m ­
p lo y e e s . T h ese la tte r p la n s a r e d e s ig n e d to p r o t e c t e m p lo y e e s when
s ic k n e s s or in ju ry in v o lv e s e x p e n s e s b ey on d the n o rm a l c o v e r a g e of
h o sp ita liza tio n , m e d ic a l, and s u r g ic a l p la n s.




A bou t fo u r -fift h s of the o ffic e and plant w o r k e r s w e r e c o v ­
e r e d by pla n s that p r o v id e fo r paym en ts du ring illn e s s o r a c c id e n t
d is a b ility .
S ick n e ss and a c c id e n t in su ra n ce c o v e r e d 64 p e r c e n t o f
the pla n t w o r k e r s and 41 p e r c e n t o f the o ffic e w o r k e r s .
S ix t y -s ix
p e r c e n t o f the o ffic e w o r k e r s , h o w e v e r, w e r e em p lo y e d in fir m s that
p r o v id e d paid s ic k le a v e , c o m p a r e d w ith 24 p e r c e n t o f the plant w o r k ­
ers.
A s th ese fig u r e s in d ica te, so m e w o r k e r s w e r e c o v e r e d by both
paid s ic k le a v e and s ic k n e s s and a c c id e n t in su ra n ce .

P r iv a te r e tir e m e n t p e n sio n pla n s, w h ich p r o v id e m on th ly
p a ym en ts fo r the re m a in d e r o f the w o rk e r* s life , a p p lied to o ffic e
w o r k e r s in fir m s em p loy in g 77 p e r c e n t o f su ch w o r k e r s and to plant
w o r k e r s in fir m s em p loy in g 67 p e r c e n t o f the plant w o r k e r s .

A m on g the in d u stry d iv is io n s studied, the h ig h est p r o p o r ­
tion s o f o ffic e and plant w o r k e r s c o v e r e d by in su r a n ce pla n s w e re
g e n e r a lly found in m a n u fa ctu rin g . A m on g o ffic e w o r k e r s , the h ig h est
c o v e r a g e under c a ta stro p h e in su ra n ce and r e tir e m e n t p e n sio n p la n s
w as r e c o r d e d in the fin a n ce d iv is io n ; life in su r a n ce w as a v a ila b le to
97 p e r c e n t o f the o ffic e w o r k e r s in both fin a n ce and m a n u fa ctu rin g
and fr o m 82 to 92 p e r c e n t in oth er d iv is io n s .
The h ig h est p r o p o r ­
tion s of plant w o r k e r s w ho w e r e c o v e r e d b y c a ta stro p h e in su ra n ce
and fo r m a l s ic k le a v e w as found in p u b lic u tilitie s .

48

B: Establishment Practices and Supplementary Wage Provisions
T a b le B -l.

S c h e d u le d W e e k l y

H ou rs

(P e r c e n t d istrib u tion of o ffic e and plant w o rk ers by schedu led w eekly h ours of f i r s t - s h i f t w o rk ers in a ll m e tro p o lita n

areas,

by in du stry d iv isio n and reg io n , 1 1960—61 2)

Industry d iv isio n
A ll
in d u strie s

W e ek ly h ours

M an u ­
factu ring

P u b lic
u tilitie s 3

W h o le sa le
trade

R e ta il
trade

R e g io n 1
F in ance 4

S e r v ic e s

N orth e ast

South

N orth C en tral

W e st

O ffic e w o rk ers
A ll w eekly w ork sch ed u les ------------------Under 40 h ours 5 ---------------------------------------- —
35 h ours
--------------------------------------------- —
3 6 V4 h ours ------------------------------------------------3 7 V2 h ours -------------------------------------------------3 8 3/i h ours - ____________________ ________ _
40 h ours
--------------------------------------------------------O v e r 40 h o u r s ------------------------------------------------A v e r a g e scheduled w eekly h ours --------------

100

100

100

100

100

35
10
3
13
4
64
2
38. 9

21
7
1
8
4
78
1
39. 4

23
?
n
13
1
76

29
9
2
13
3
66
5
39. 2

23
5
2
10
2
70
7
39. 6

(6 )
39. 2

100
64
17
8
21
7
36
(6 )
3 7 .9

100

100

100

100

100

49
18
3
19
4
46
5
38. 6

59
25
6
18
3
41
(6 )
37. 8

22
3
2
11
3
72
6
3 9 .6

22
3
2
10
5
77
1
3 9 .5

17
1
1
9
5
82
1
3 9 .6

P lan t w o rk ers
A ll w eekly w ork sch ed u les ---------------------Under 40 h o u r s5----------------------------------------------Under 3 7 V2 h ours ________________________
3 7 V2 h ours -------------------------------------------__
40 h ours --------------------------------------------------------O v e r 40 h ours - ----------------------------------------42 h ours -----------------------------------------------4 4 h ours --------------------------------------------45 h ours ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- — ------48 h ours
O v e r 48 h ours
------------------A v e r a g e scheduled w eekly h ours --------------

100

100

100

100

100

100

100

100

100

100

7
4
3
82
11
1
2
2
4
2
40. 5

7
4
3
85
8
1
1
2
2
2
40. 2

1

4
1
2
77
19
1
4
3
3
4
41. 1

10
2
4
67
23
2
5
3
7
2
41. 1

8
4
3
63
29
2
4
3
16
1
41. 5

11
4
4
81
8
1
2
1
2
1
40. 1

4
1
2
72
24
1
4
4
8
3
41. 5

6
3
2
85
9
1
2
2
3
2
40. 3

4
2
1
90
6
1
1
1
2

_

1
94
6
1
(6 )
2
1
1
40 . 3

(6 )
40. 2

1 F o r d efin ition of r e g io n s, se e footnote 2, table A - l .
2 In form ation on e sta b lish m en t p r a c tic e s is obtained annually in 6 of the la r g e s t a r e a s . In the other a r e a s , it is obtained bien n ially in a rotating c y c le . D ata for a m a jo r ity of the w o r k e r s
r ela te to late I9 6 0 and e a rly 19 61 , fo r the rem a in d er to late 1959 and ea rly I9 6 0 .
3 T ra n sp o rta tio n ,
c o m m u n ication , and other public u tilitie s .
4 F in an ce, in su ran ce , and r e a l e sta te .
D ata a re not shown se p a r a te ly fo r n onoffice (plant) w o r k e r s in this in du stry grou p. P lan t w o r k e r s in r e a l estate f ir m s , h ow ever, a re included in
the a ll in d u strie s data.
5 Includes w eekly sch ed u les other than those p resen ted se p a r a tely .
6 L e s s than 0. 5 p erc en t.
NOTE:




B e c a u se of rounding,

su m s of individual ite m s m a y not equal to ta ls.

49
T a b le B -2 .

S h ift D if f e r e n t ia ls

(Shift d iffe r e n tia ls fo r m anufacturin g plant w o rk ers by type and amount of

d ifferen tia l in a ll m e trop olitan a r e a s ,

by r e g io n ,1 I960—6 1 2)

P e r c e n t of m an ufacturin g plant w ork ers—
Shift op eration and shift d iffe r e n tia l

In e sta b lish m e n ts having p ro v isio n s fo r la t e -s h if t o p e r a tio n 3
A ll areas

A ll shift op erations

---------------------------------------------------

1 0 0 . 0

N orth e ast
1 0 0

.

0

Second s h i f t ____________________________________________
With s h ift-p a y d if f e r e n t ia l---------------------------------U n iform cen ts (p er h our ) 4 ---------------------------—
4 c e n t s ---------------------------------------------------------5 c e n ts -----------------------------------------------------------6 cen ts ---------------------------------------------------- ----7 c e n t s ___ - ________________ ___________ ___ _
l lh
c e n t s -----------------------------------------------------8 cen ts ---------------------------------------------------------9
cen ts ---------------------------- ----------------- —
1 0
cents ------------------ ------------------------------ 1 2
cents _____________________________ ___ _
13 cents ------------------------------------------------------15 cen ts — __________________ - _____________ O ve r 15 cen ts ------------------------------------------A v e r a g e c e n ts -p e r -h o u r d iffe r e n tia l -------U n iform p erc en ta g e 4 ------------------------------- ------5 p erc en t -----------------------------------------------------7 p erc en t ---------------------------------------------------- 8 p ercen t _____________- ___________________ _
1 0 p erc en t
--------------------------------------------------A v e r a g e p erc en ta g e d iffe r e n tia l ----------------Other ®-------------------------------------------------------------No sh ift-p a y d iffe r e n tia l -------------------------------------

85 . 7
81. 1
54 . 1
. 6
7 .9
3. 8
2 . 6
1 .4
1 1 . 2
1 . 6
1 1 . 2
6 . 3
1 . 6
1 . 2
1. 3
8 .9
2 2 . 6
7. 9
1 . 1
1 . 1
1 1 . 1
7 .9
4. 4
4. 6

78 . 9
74 . 6
47 . 6
1 . 0
8 . 0
2 . 6
2. 7
2 . 0

Third shift -------------------------------------------------------------------With sh ift-p a y d i f f e r e n t ia l---------------------------------U n iform cen ts (per hour) 4 ---------------------------5 cen ts ---------------------------------------------------------6 cents ---------------------------- --------------------7 cen ts -------------------------------------------------------------- l l/ z cents ----------------------------------------8 cents _____________________________________ 9 cen ts - ______ __________________________ __
1 0
cen ts --------------------------------------------------------1 2
cents
— —
----- -------- ----------- 1 2 V2 cen ts
—
....-..... . .- .......... ... _ ,-----13 cen ts --------------------------------------------------------1 4 c ent s — ________ ____ _________________—
15 cen ts --------------------------------------------------------1 6
cents --------------------------------------------------------I 8 V2 cen ts
— ---------------- -------- ------O v e r 20 and under 25 cen ts -------------------A v e r a g e c e n ts -p e r -h o u r d i f f e r e n t i a l -------U n ifo rm p e r c e n ta g e 4 ----------------------------------- —
7 p e r c e n t -------------------------------------- --------------1 0 p ercen t - ________________________ ______ _
15 p e r c e n t ---------------------------------------------------A v e r a g e p ercen tage d i f f e r e n t i a l ----------------O ther 6 ................................................................................
No sh ift-p a y d iffe r e n tia l ------------------------------------

77 . 1
75 . 4
45. 1
2 .9

70 . 1
6 8 . 5
41 . 1
1. 4
. 6
2 . 2
1. 3
. 8
1 . 2
10. 5
1 2 . 0
1 . 1
. 5
1. 4
3. 7
. 8
. 2
11. 5
23. 4
1. 3
17. 0
3. 2
10. 3
3. 9
1 . 6

1 . 6

1. 3
1 . 0

1 .4
1. 3
9 .0
12. 7
. 7
. 7
.9
4. 7
2 . 0
.8
. 3
11. 7
20. 3
1 . 0

15. 7
1 . 6
1 0 . 1
9 .9
1. 7

1 1 . 0

1.
9.
2 .
.
1.
1.
8 .
25.
4.
1.
.
17.
8 .
1 .
4.

4
7
6
2

3
5

South
1 0 0

.

80.
65.
51.
.
9.
4.
3.
.
15.
1 .
5.
4.
.
.

North C en tral

0

6

2
5
6
8

4
6
6

3
2

7
6
1
6

1 . 0

2
2
3

. 1
11. 9
2 .9
2. 4

2

1 . 0

5
9

4. 7
7. 7
1 . 8
15. 4

6

8

3

8

70 . 7
65. 0
48 . 3
9 .9
1 . 0

1

1.
.
3.
1.
5.
1 .
.
.
.
3.
4.

4
3
4
9
1
6

7
4
6

3
9

-

.
.
11.
2.
6 .
.
8 .
5.
5.

1 0

1
8

4
3
7
4
9
2
7

1 0 0

.

0

92 . 7
91 . 4
57. 6
. 2
7. 1
5. 1
2 . 6
1 . 2
10. 3
1 .9
14. 0
6 . 3
3. 8
1. 3
1. 4
9. 2
28. 7
15. 0
. 6
2 . 2
9. 3
7. 1
5. 3
1. 3
84. 4
84. 1
50. 3
1. 5
2 .9
. 3
1 . 0
1. 3
. 9
1 0 . 1
15. 6
. 6
1. 3
. 8
5. 4
1 .9
2. 3
. 2
1 2 . 1
25. 7
. 3
21. 7
. 8
1 0 . 0
8 . 2
. 4

A ctu a lly working on late shift

W e st
1 0 0

.

0

9 2 . 0

9 1 .5
67. 3
1 . 1
7. 5
2 .9
.7
. 8
8 . 4
1 . 6
14. 9
2 1 . 2
1 . 1
1 . 6
2 . 0
1 0 . 0
9. 8
3. 3
5. 3
7. 8
14. 3
.6
84 . 9
84 . 6
35. 7
1 . 6
2 . 0
.9
1 . 0

. 3
2. 4
6 . 1
7. 0
. 1
. 3
. 2
7. 6
2 . 1
1 . 2
12. 4
5 .9
4 .9
1 . 0

.9
43. 0
. 2
1 0

A ll a r e a s
1 0 0

.

0

.0
15. 0
1 0 . 6
. 1
1. 3
. 8
.4
. 3
2. 5
.4
1 . 8
1. 3
. 3
. 2
. 2
9. 0
3. 5
1 . 2
. 2
. 1
1 .7
7. 9
.8

N orth east
1 0 0

.

0

South
1 0 0

.

0

N orth C en tral
1 0 0

.

0

14. 2
13. 4
9. 1
. 3
1. 4
. 6
.4
. 4
2. 5
. 3
1. 3
. 6
. 1
. 2
. 1
8 . 6
4. 0
.8
. 2
(5 )
2 . 6
8 . 7
. 3
.8

16. 4
12. 4
1 0 . 1
. 1

17. 2
1 7 .0
11. 5

1 . 8

1 . 2

1 . 0

1 . 0

.7
. 1
3. 1
. 2
1 . 1
. 8
(5 )
. 1
. 2
8 . 2
2 . 0
.4
.4
. 2
.7
7. 7
.4
4. 0

.
.
2.
.
2 .
1.
.
.
.
9.
4.
2 .
.
.

. 2
5 .9
4. 5
.4
. 2
. 1
. 1
. 2
. 2
.6
1. 7
. 1

5. 4
5. 2
4. 0
. 1
(5 )
. 3
. 1
. 1
. 1
.7
1 . 6
. 1

8 . 0
7. 1
6 . 2
1 .9
. 1
. 1
(5 )
. 6
. 2
. 3
1 .4
. 1

(5 )
. 1
. 2
. 2
. 1
(5 )
1 1 .4
.9
(5 )
.7
. 1
9. 8
. 5
. 2

(5 )
. 1
. 2
. 1
-

(5 )
. 1
. 3
.7
-

1 6

1 . 0

6

(5 )
11. 5
.8
(5 )
. 6
. 1
9. 9
.4
. 2

(5 )
. 1
.8
. 1
.4

1 0

(5 )
8 . 5
. 1
.9

(5 )

5
3
4
5
6

3
7
2

3
3
3
1
2
2

1 . 6

7. 3
1 . 2
. 2
. 3
6 . 2
4. 5
. 2
. 3
(5 )
. 1
. 1
. 1
. 7
1 .9
. 1
(5 )
. 1
. 2
. 2
. 2

6

(5 )
. 8
1. 3

1 1

(5 )
. 1
. 1
0 . 0
.4
1

1

(5 )

W e st
1 0 0

.

17.
17.
13.
.
1 .
.
.
.
1 .
.
2 .
4.
.
.
.
10.

0

5
4
6
2
1

7
2
2
8

4
2
8
2

5
5
3

1 . 8

. 6
_
_
. 7
7. 2
2 . 0
. 1
5. 3
5. 2
3. 6
. 2
. 3
(5 )
. 1
(5 )
. 5
. 3
1 . 2
(5)
(5 )
(5)
. 3
. 2
_
. 2
12. 3
. 1
(5)
(5 )
12. 5
1. 5
(5 )

1 F o r d efinition of r e g io n s, see footnote 2, table A - l .
2 See footnote 2, table B - l .
3 Includes esta b lish m en ts c u rren tly op erating late sh ifts, and esta b lish m en ts with f o r m a l p r o v isio n s coverin g late sh ifts, even though they w ere not cu rren tly operating late sh ifts.
4 Includes d ifferen tia ls in addition to those p resen ted s e p a r a te ly .
5 L e s s than 0 . 0 5 p ercen t.
6 Includes pay at reg u la r rate fo r m o r e h ours than w orked, a paid lunch p eriod not given to f ir s t - s h if t w o r k e r s, a flat su m p er sh ift, and other p r o v isio n s. M o st "o t h e r ", h ow ever,
in esta b lish m en ts which p rovided 1 such p r o v isio n in com bination with a cents or p erc en ta g e d ifferen tia l for h ours actu ally w orked.
NOTE:




B ec a u se of rounding,

su m s of individual ite m s m a y not equal to ta ls.

w ere

50
T a b le B -3 .

P a id H o li d a y s

(P e r c e n t d istrib u tion o f o ffic e and plant w o rk ers in a ll m e tro p o lita n a r e a s by num b er of paid h olid ays p rovided annually, by in du stry d ivision and regio n , 1 I 9 6 0 —6 12)
In dustry d iv isio n
P aid h olid ays p rovided 3

A ll
areas

M an u ­
factu ring

P ub lic
u tilitie s 4

W h o le sa le
trade

R egion 1

R e ta il
trade

S e r v ic e s

F in ance 5

N orth east

South

North C en tral

W e st

O ffic e w o rk ers
1 3 or m o r e d a y s ----------------------------------------------1 2 V2 o r m o r e d ays —-------------------------------------1 2 or m o r e d a y s --------------------------------------- ------I I V 2 or m o r e days ----------------------------------------11 or m o r e days ---------------------------------------------10 V2 or m o r e days ----------------------------------------10 or m o r e d a y s --------------------------------------------- 9 V2 or m o r e days -------------------------------------------9 or m o r e days ---------------------------— --------------8 7 2 or m o r e d a y s -------------------------------------------8 or m o r e days —-------------------------------- ------------7 l/ z or m o r e days ------------------------------------------7 or m o r e days --------------------------------------------- —
67? or m o r e days —-------------------------------------- —
6 or m o r e days ---------------------------------------------- 5 V2 o r m o r e days
-------------------------- --------- —
5 or m o r e days -----------------------------------------------A v e ra g e n um ber of h olid ays ----------------------T otal r e c e iv in g paid h o lid a y s ----------------------

(6 )
1
4
5
13
14
17
18
24
26
43
45
77
79
95
96
99
7. 8
99

(6 )
(6 )
1
1
3
4
6
7
12
14
34
37
83
85
97
97
99
7. 4
99

22
22
43
44
90
90
99
99
99

1
1
2
4
8
9
13
14
20
21
42
45
66
68
92
93
99

7. 8

7. 5

6. 7

99

98

1
2
2
6
6
9
9
14
14
33
35
57
58
85
85
95
96
96

_
1
1
2
3
4
4
14
14
35
36
74
75
84
84
85

(6 )
(6)
2
2
10
11
15
1 6

99

( )
( )
(6 )
2
3
5
5
7
7
14
16
47
48
88
89
97

1
2
13
16
35
36
41
43
51
55
66
68
76
79
95
95
99

0

(6)
1
3
9
10
11
13
22
24
40
43
61
63
90
91
96

,

1
2
11
14
32
34
41
43
53
56
72
74
93
94
99
99
99

0

()
(6 )
1
1
4
5
7
8
21
23
49
51
75
77
96

-

(6 )
1
3
3
4
4
8
9
20
22
68
72
99
99
99

(6 )
(6)
1
1
1
2
4
5
9
13
49
51
87
87
99
99
99

8. 9

7. 4

9. 1

6. 6

7. 1

7. 6

99

98

99

99

99

99

(*)
(*)
(6 )
2
2
4
5
7
7
11
12
25
26
58
58
65
65
69

(6 )
1
2
6
6
11
12
19
22
40
42
80
82
94
95
96
96
97

P lan t w o rk ers
1 2 V2 or m o r e days
—-------- ------------- —----- ------12 or m o r e d ays —--------- ------ --------- -----------—
1 1 7 2
or m o r e days ------ -------------------------- ------11 or m o r e days ---------------------- ---------------- -—
1 0 7 2 or m o r e days
-------------------------------- -------10 or m o r e days —-------------------------------------- —
9 7 2
o r m o r e days — ----------------------------------- —
9 or m o r e days ----------------------------------- -----------8 1/ z or m o r e days -----------------------------------------—
8 or m o r e days -----------------—---------------------------772 or m o r e days ----------------------------------- -------7 or m o r e d a y s ----- -----------------------------------------b l/ z or m o r e days - -----------------------------------------6 or m o r e days -----------------------------------------------5 l/ z or m o r e days -------------------------------------------5 or m o r e days —--------------------------------------- ——
4 l/ z or m o r e days ------------------------------------- ----4 or m o r e days -----------------------------------------------

A v e r a g e num ber of h olid ays --------------- -— —
T otal r e c e iv in g paid h o l i d a y s --------------- ——

1
2
3
no h alf
4
5
6

(?)
(6 )
1
2
2
4
4
7
8
23
24
67
69
87
88
92
92
93

( )
(6)
1
1
3
3
6
8
24
25
77
79
92
92
95
95
95

(6 )
1
1
8
9
12
12
16
17
34
35
83
84
96
96
97
97
98

_

_

-

-

(?)
(6 )
1
1
1
1
12
12
41
42
61
61
77
77
80

(f )
(6 )
1
1
2
2
11
12
67
69
95
95
96
96
97

(?)
(?)
( )
(6 )
2
2
29
31
74
75
91
91
92
92
92

7. 0

7. 1

7. 6

7. 1

6. 1

6. 1

7. 6

6. 1

6 .8

6 .9

95

96

98

97

93

77

98

86

98

96

F o r defin ition of r e g io n s, se e footnote 2, table A - l .
S ee footnote 2, table B - l .
A ll com b ination s o f fu ll and h a lf days that add to the sa m e amount a r e com b ined; fo r ex a m p le, the p rop ortion of w o r k e r s
d ays, 6 fu ll days and 2 h alf d a y s, 5 fu ll d ays and 4 h alf d ays, etc.
P r o p o r tio n s w e r e then cum u lated .
T r an sp ortation , c o m m u n ication , and other public u tilitie s.
S ee footnote 4, table B - l .
L e s s than 0. 5 p erc en t.




_
-

rec eiv in g a total of 7 days in clu d es those with 7 fu ll d ays and

51
Table B-4. Paid Vacations
(P e r c e n t d istrib u tion of o ffic e and plant w o r k e r s in a ll m e trop olitan a r e a s by vacation pay

p r o v is io n s , by in du stry d ivision and regio n , 1 I9 60—61 2)

Industry d ivision
Am ount of vacation pay and
le n g t h -o f -s e r v ic e 5

areas

M anu­
factu ring

P ublic
u tilitie s 4

W h o lesa le
trade

R eta il
trade

R egion 1
Fin ance 5

S e r v ic e s

N orth east

South

North C en tral

W e st

O ffic e w o rk ers
1 w eek or m o r e —------------------------------------ —
6 m onths __________________________________
1 y e a r ---------------------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------2 y e ars

99
61
99
99

99
61
99
99

99
45
99
99

99
46
99
99

99
30
99
99

99
82
99
99

99
60
99
99

99
75
99
99

99
50
99
99

99
56
99
99

99
47
99
99

2 w eek s or m o r e ------------------------------------------6 m on th s
____ ______ ______________ _
1 y e a r ----------- -----------------------------------------2 years
-------- ---------------------------------------3 y e a r s --------------------- ----------------------------5 y e a r s --------------------------------------------------- -

99
5
76
90
96
99

99
3
82
92
95
99

99
4
46
71
95
99

98
1
73
87
95
98

98
(6 )
35
90
95
98

99
12
97
99
99
99

96
6
74
89
94
96

99
11
86
93
96
99

97
2
67
84
91
97

99
2
73
90
97
99

99
3
73
92
99
99

3 w eek s or m o r e . . . . . . . . . __ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3 y e a r s ------------------------- -- — ---------------------5 y e a r s _ — -------. . . _ --------- . . . . -------10 y e a r s
. . . ----- -- -------- — . . . — ------15 y e a r s --------- --------- -------- --------------------20 y e a r s —
-___
25 y e a r s _ ------------------- —-------------------------30 or m o r e y e a r s
— . — . . . . . . ----- -

90
2
9
41
84
85
86
90

87
3
7
40
85
86
86
87

99
1
4
26
95
95
95
99

76
1
7
43
73
74
75
76

74
2
15
56
72
74
74
74

98
2
9
45
87
89
91
98

71
7
23
49
69
69
70
71

94
3
13
45
88
89
90
94

74
1
4
28
67
69
71
74

92
2
6
44
88
89
89
92

93
4
9
39
84
85
85
93

4 w eeks or m o r e --------- j----- --------- ------------ —
10 y e a r s _ -----------------------------------------------15 y e a r s __________________________________
20 y e a r s __________________________________
25 y e a r s — ----------------------- ----------------------30 or m o r e y e a r s -----------------------------------

42
1
'3
15
37
42

32 i
1
3
12
31
32

54
1
1
9
39
54

32
1
1
19
31
32

50
2
3
19
50
50

55
1
3
19
48
55

20
6
9
13
20
20

49
2
4
17
45
49

33
1
3
14
29
33

40
1
2
14
37
40

36
1
2
13
28
36

P lan t w o r k e r s
1 w eek or m o r e --------- --------------------------------6 m onths _________________________________
1 y e a r _____________________________________
2 y e a r s ------------------------------------------------------

98
17
98
98

99
12
98
99

99
35
99
99

98
24
97
98

98
24
98
98

94
13
93
94

99
23
99
99

95
15
94
95

99
12
99
99

99
19
99
99

2 w eeks or m o r e ____________________________
1 ye a r --------------------------------------------------------2 y e a rs ___________________________________
3 y e a rs -----------------------------------------------------5 y e a r s ___________________________________

94
20
41
60
94

95
16
28
48
95

99
33
59
84
99

93
38
62
80
93

92
27
73
88
92

80
18
48
67
80

94
25
39
58
94

85
23
41
57
85

97
12
32
55
97

98
28
66
87
98

3 w eeks or m o r e ____________________________
5 y e a rs ___________________________________
10 y e a rs _________________________________
15 y e a r s _________________________________
20 y e a rs _______ ________ . . . _—
_______
25 y e a rs --------------------------------------------------30 or m o r e y e a r s -----------------------------------

78
7
29
74
75
75
78

79
5
24
76
77
78
79

99
4
26
96
96
96
99

67
7
35
64
65
65
67

68
17
53
65
67
68
68

35
4
16
33
34
35
35

78
8
29
74
75
75
78

57
3
21
52
54
54
57

88
5
29
83
85
86
88

83
11
40
81
81
81
83

4 w eeks or m o r e ____________________________
10 y e a rs ---------------------------------------------------15 y e a rs --------------------------------------------------20 y e a rs _________________________________
25 y e a rs _________________________________
30 or m o r e y e a rs _______________________

27
1
2
11
25
27

23
1
2
8
22
23

54
1
2
16
39
54

24
1
2
15
22
24

36
3
4
21
36
36

5
1
2
4
5
5

28
1
2
11
26
28

22
(6 )
1
10
19
22

33
1
2
12
31
33

20
2
3
8
18
20

1
2
3
se r v ic e
4
5
6

F or definition of r e g io n s, se e footnote 2, table A - l .
See footnote 2 , table B - l .
P e r io d s of s e r v ic e w e r e a r b itr a r ily chosen and do not n e c e s s a r ily
include changes in p r o v isio n s o c cu rrin g betw een 5 and 10 y e a r s .
T r an sp ortation , com m u n ication , and other public u tilitie s.
See footnote 4 , table B - l .
L e s s than 0 . 5 p erc en t.




r e fle c t the

individual p ro v isio n s fo r p r o g r e s s io n s .

F o r ex a m p le,

the changes in p roportion s

in dicated at 10 y e a r s '

52
Table B-5. Health, Insurance, and Pension Plans
(P e r c e n t of o ffic e and plant w o rk ers em ployed in e sta b lish m e n ts providin g h ealth, in su ra n ce , o r p en sion b en efits by in du stry d iv isio n and r e g io n ,1 1960—61 2 )
Industry d iv isio n
Type of b en efit

A ll
areas

M an u ­
factu ring

P ub lic
u tilitie s 3

W h o le sa le
trade

R e ta il
trade

R egion 1
Fin ance 4

S e r v ic e s

N orth east

South

N orth C en tral

W e st

O ffic e w o rk ers
In suran ce p lan s:
L ife ---------------------------------------------------- — A cc id en t death and d is m e m b e r m e n t----H osp ita liza tio n ----------------------------------------S u r g ic a l--------------------------------------------------------M e d ic a l ---------------------------------------------------- C a ta s tr o p h e _________________ _________ __ _
S ick n ess and accid en t in su ran ce a n d /o r
sic k le a v e 5 --------------------------------------------------S ick n ess and accid en t in su ran ce ----------Sick le ave:
F u ll pay and no w aiting p eriod -------P a r tia l pay or w aiting p e r i o d ----------R e tire m e n t p en sion plan ------------------------------No h ealth, in su ra n ce , or pen sion p l a n -----

93
54
84
82
63
49

97
64
91
90
71
38

82
51
66
65
56
58

92
54
83
81
63
41

87
44
81
77
44
39

97
44
87
85
61
68

84
43
68
65
49
37

93
48
82
79
59
47

90
51
83
82
50
50

94
58
86
86
68
46

94
62
84
84
73
57

81
41

89
63

83
23

77
41

83
41

71
21

67
30

85
41

71
33

81
51

80
31

59
7
77
1

62
4
81
1

59
18
69
(6 )

59
4
70
2

31
26
62
3

64
2
87
(6 )

51
3
53
6

71
4
80
1

48
10
72
2

49
9
76
2

64
7
78
1

P lan t w o rk ers
In suran ce p lan s:
L ife
------------------------------- -------------- — —
A cc id en t death and d is m e m b e r m e n t ----H o s p it a l iz a t io n __ ____________________ __
S u r g ic a l--------------------------------------------------------M e d ic a l
--------------------- ---------------------C a ta s tr o p h e -------------------------------------------------S ick n ess and accid en t in su ran ce a n d /o r
sic k le ave 5 --------------------- -------------S ick n ess and accid en t i n s u r a n c e ---------S ick le ave:
F u ll pay and no w aiting p e r i o d -------P a r tia l pay or w aiting p e r i o d ----------R e tire m e n t pen sion plan ------------------------------No h ealth, in su ra n ce , or pen sion p l a n -----

90
56
87
B 6
62
21

94
60
94
93
67
18

81
51
70
68
57
48

88
58
85
82
58
27

83
46
77
74
48
20

75
47
74
71
53
9

91
52
88
85
60
15

82
46
80
79
40
26

92
62
90
89
69
20

90
71
91
91
82
34

80
64

85
77

72
31

73
48

74
45

55
46

82
70

67
49

88
77

70
40

14
10
67
3

9
6
73
2

29
25
71
1

34
10
60
4

23
18
55
6

13
6
28
17

14
7
71
3

16
12
54
8

9
10
69
2

29
17
69
2

1 F o r d efin ition o f re g io n s, se e footnote 2, table A - l .
2 See footnote 2, table B - l .
3 T ran sp ortation ,
c om m u n ication , and other public u tilitie s.
4 See footnote 4, table B - l .
5 Unduplicated total of w o r k e r s rec e iv in g sic k le ave or sic k n e ss and accid en t in su ran ce shown sep a r a te ly .
S ick le a v e p lans a r e lim ite d to those
m in im u m n um ber of d a y s’ pay that can be expected by each em p lo y ee .
In fo rm a l sick le ave allo w a n c es d eterm in ed on an individual b a sis a re exclu ded.
6 L e s s than 0. 5 p erc en t.




which d efin ite ly

e sta b lish at le a s t the

Appendix A :

Scope and Method of Survey
Sam pling and E stim a tin g P r o c e d u r e s

D ata in th is r e p o r t r e la te to a ll 188 Standard M e tro p o lita n
S ta tistica l A r e a s in the U nited States, e x clu d in g A la sk a and H aw aii,
as e sta b lis h e d by the B u reau o f the B u dget th rough 1959. D ata w e re
c o lle c t e d in on ly 80 o f the 188 a r e a s , but th ese w e r e s e le c t e d as a
sa m p le d e s ig n e d to r e p r e s e n t a ll 188 a r e a s .

The sa m p lin g plan can be d e s c r ib e d as a tw o -s ta g e d esig n
c o n s is tin g o f an a r e a sa m p le and an esta b lis h m e n t s a m p le . The a r e a
sa m p le is d e s ig n e d to a llow p r e se n ta tio n o f data fo r a ll m e tro p o lita n
a r e a s co m b in e d and the e sta b lis h m e n t sa m p le is d e s ig n e d to allow
p re se n ta tio n o f data fo r each p a r tic u la r a r e a . As w as in d ica ted e a r lie r ,
this b u lletin is c o n c e r n e d w ith the data fo r a ll m e tr o p o lita n a r e a s
co m b in e d .

O ccu p a tion a l pay data a re c o lle c t e d annually in each o f the
80 a r e a s , but e sta b lis h m e n t p r a c t ic e s and su p p lem en ta ry w age p r o v i­
sion s a r e c o lle c t e d annually on ly in B o s to n , C h ica g o , L o s A n g e le s Long B ea ch , New Y o r k C ity , P h ila d elp h ia , and San F r a n c is c o —O akland;
in the oth er 74 a r e a s , th ese data a r e c o lle c t e d b ie n n ia lly .
T a b le s
B - l th rough B -5 in clu d e data fr o m the p r e v io u s y e a r in the a r e a s in
w h ich the su p p lem en ta ry data w e r e not c o lle c t e d betw een Ju ly I960
and June 1961. C u rre n t in fo rm a tio n w as a v a ila b le fo r n e a r ly 80 p e r ­
cen t o f the em p lo y m e n t w ith in s c o p e o f the s u r v e y .29

The a r e a sa m p le o f 80 a r e a s in 1961 w as b a s e d upon the s e ­
le c tio n o f one a r e a fr o m a stra tu m o f s im ila r a r e a s . The c r it e r i a o f
s t r a tific a tio n w e re s iz e o f a r e a , r e g io n , and type o f in d u stria l a c tiv ity .
In so fa r as p o s s ib le , p r o b a b ility sa m p lin g w as u se d and each a r e a had
a ch a n ce o f s e le c t io n rou g h ly p r o p o rtio n a te to its tota l n o n a g r ic u ltu ra l em p lo y m e n t.
C e rta in a r e a s w e r e a u to m a tica lly e x clu d e d fr o m
the s e le c t io n , sin c e d om in a tion o f the a r e a em p loy m en t by a sin g le
e m p lo y e r m a d e p re se n ta tio n o f data on a lo c a l b a s is d iffic u lt. A few
a r e a s w e r e s e le c t e d to p e r m it p u b lica tio n o f at le a s t so m e a r e a in ­
fo r m a tio n fo r the State, w h ere ra n d om s e le c t io n m igh t not h ave y ie ld e d
the a r e a .
T h ir t y -s ix o f the a r e a s w e r e c e rta in o f in clu s io n in the
sa m p le, e ith er b e c a u s e o f th eir s iz e , as m e a s u r e d by the 1950 C e n ­
sus o f P op u lation , o r b e c a u se o f the unusual nature o f th eir in d u s­
try c o m p o s itio n .
E a ch o f th ese 36 a r e a s r e p r e s e n te d on ly it s e lf but
each o f the 44 oth er a r e a s r e p r e s e n t e d it s e lf and one o r m o r e s im ­
ila r a r e a s , w ith the data fr o m ea ch a r e a w eigh ted by the ra tio o f
total n o n a g r ic u ltu ra l e m p loy m en t in the stra tu m to that in the sa m p le
a re a w hen p r e p a r in g e stim a te s fo r a ll a r e a s co m b in e d .

Industry and E s ta b lis h m e n t C o v e r a g e
A r e a su r v e y data w e r e ob ta in ed fr o m r e p r e s e n ta tiv e e s t a b ­
lis h m e n ts w ith in s ix b r o a d in d u stry d iv is io n s :
( l ) M an u fa ctu rin g;
(2) tr a n sp o rta tio n , c o m m u n ica tio n , and oth er p u b lic u tilitie s ; (3) w h o le ­
sa le tr a d e ; (4) r e ta il tr a d e ; (5) fin a n ce , in su ra n ce , and r e a l e sta te ;
and (6) s e le c t e d s e r v i c e s . 30 E x clu d ed fr o m the s c o p e o f the stu d ies
w e r e the c o n s tr u c tio n and e x tr a c tiv e in d u str ie s and g ov ern m en t in ­
stitu tion s. T he la tter e x c lu s io n h as a s ig n ific a n t e ffe c t on the pu b lic
u tilitie s in d u stry d iv is io n .
M u n icip a lly o p e r a te d u tilitie s w e r e e x ­
clu d ed but u tilitie s w e r e in clu d ed in a r e a s w h e re they a r e p r iv a te ly
o p e r a te d .
The s c o p e o f the stu d ies w as fu rth e r lim ite d w ithin ea ch o f
the six m a jo r in d u stry g rou p in gs to e s ta b lis h m e n ts w h ich e m p lo y e d
50 o r m o r e w o r k e r s . In 12 o f the la r g e s t a r e a s , the m in im u m s iz e
w as 100 e m p lo y e e s in m a n u fa ctu rin g , p u b lic u tilitie s , and r e ta il tra d e .
T h ese a r e a s a r e B a ltim o r e , B o s to n , C h ica g o , C lev ela n d , D e tro it,
L o s A n g e le s—L on g B ea ch , N ew ark and J e r s e y C ity, New Y o r k C ity,
P h ila d elp h ia ,
P ittsb u rg h ,
St. L o u is , and San F r a n c is c o —O akland.
S m a lle r e sta b lis h m e n ts w e r e om itte d b e c a u s e em p lo y m e n t in the o c ­
cu pa tion s stud ied ten ded to be in s u ffic ie n t to w a rra n t in clu s io n .

In I960, the a r e a sa m p le c o n s is t e d o f 60 a r e a s ; each o f
26 a r e a s in the sa m p le r e p r e s e n te d on ly it s e lf, but each o f the 34 oth er
a r e a s r e p r e s e n te d it s e lf and s im ila r u n its.
The esta b lis h m e n t sa m p le is s tr a tifie d as p r e c i s e ly as a v a ila ­
b le in fo rm a tio n p e r m it s .
E ach g e o g r a p h ic in du stry unit fo r w h ich a
sep a ra te a n a ly s is is to be p r e s e n te d is sa m p led in depen den tly. Within
th ese b r o a d g ro u p in g s , a fin e r s tr a tific a tio n by p ro d u ct and s iz e o f
e sta b lis h m e n t is m a d e. E a ch sa m p led stra tu m w ill be r e p r e s e n t e d in
the sa m p le by a n u m ber o f esta b lis h m e n ts p ro p o rtio n a te to its sh are
o f the tota l e m p loy m en t. The s iz e o f the sa m p le in a p a r tic u la r s u r ­
vey depen ds on the s iz e o f the u n iv e r s e , the d iv e r s it y o f o c cu p a tio n s
and th eir d is trib u tio n , the r e la tiv e d is p e r s io n o f ea rn in g s am ong e s ­
ta b lish m en ts, the d is trib u tio n o f the esta b lis h m e n t by s iz e , and the
d e g re e o f a c c u r a c y r e q u ire d .

29 F o r m o r e d e ta ile d s c o p e and m eth od o f su r v e y in in div idu al
a r e a s , see W ages and R ela ted B e n e fits , 82 L a b o r M a r k e ts, 1960—61
(B u lletin 1 2 85 -83).
30 The O klah om a C ity s u r v e y a ls o in clu d ed data fo r cru d e p e ­
tr o le u m and n atu ral g a s. S e r v ic e s in L o s A n g e le s—L on g B ea ch ex clu d ed
m o t io n -p ic t u r e p r o d u c tio n and a llie d s e r v ic e s .
T h e se data a re in ­
clu d ed in the " a ll in d u s tr ie s " and "n on m a n u fa ctu rin g " e s tim a te s on ly.




53

54

A p p r o x im a te ly 1 1 ,2 0 0 e s t a b l i s h m e n t s em p lo y in g n e a rly
7 .6 0 0 .0 0 0 w o r k e r s w e r e in clu d ed in the B u r e a u s sa m p le fr o m an e s ­
tim a ted u n iv e r s e o f m o r e than 59, 000 e sta b lis h m e n ts e m p lo y in g about
1 6 .6 0 0 .0 0 0 w o r k e r s w ithin sc o p e o f the stu d ies in a ll m e tro p o lita n
areas.
The e s tim a te s as p r e s e n te d r e la te to a ll e sta b lis h m e n ts and
w o r k e r s w ith in s c o p e o f the stu d ies in a ll m e tr o p o lita n a r e a s .

O ccu p a tion a l E a rn in gs
W o r k e r s w e r e c la s s ifi e d by o c cu p a tio n on the b a s is o f u n ifo r m
jo b d e s c r ip tio n s d e s ig n e d to take a cco u n t o f m in o r in te r e sta b lish m e n t
v a r ia tio n in du ties w ith in the sa m e jo b ; th ese jo b d e s c r ip tio n s a re
lis te d in ap pendix C.

A v e r a g e e a rn in g s a re p r e s e n te d in the A ta b le s , begin n in g on
page 5 . D ata a r e show n fo r fu ll-t im e w o r k e r s , i. e. , th ose h ir e d to
w o rk a fu ll-t im e sch ed u le fo r the given o ccu p a tio n a l c la s s ific a t io n .
E a rn in gs data e x clu d e p r e m iu m pay fo r o v e r t im e and n igh tw ork , and
w o rk on w eek en d s and h o lid a y s . N on p rod u ction b o n u se s a r e e x clu d e d
a ls o , but c o s t - o f - l i v i n g b on u ses and in cen tiv e e a rn in g s a re in clu d ed .
A v e ra g e w e e k ly ea rn in g s fo r o ffic e c le r i c a l, p r o fe s s io n a l, and t e c h ­
n ic a l o c cu p a tio n s r e la te to the stan dard s a la r ie s that w e r e paid fo r
stan dard w o rk s c h e d u le s ; i. e. , to the s t r a ig h t-tim e s a la r y c o r r e s p o n d ­
ing to the w o r k e r s 1 n o r m a l w eek ly w o rk sch ed u le e x clu d in g a ll o v e r ­
tim e h o u r s . W eek ly ea rn in g s w e r e roun ded to the n e a r e s t h a lf d o lla r .
E s ta b lis h m e n t P r a c t ic e s and S u pplem en tary W age P r o v is io n s
In fo rm a tio n is p r e s e n te d (in the B ta b le s ) on s e le c t e d e s t a b ­
lish m e n t p r a c t ic e s and su p p lem en ta ry b en e fits as they re la te to o ffic e
and plant w o r k e r s .
The c o n c e p t " o f f i c e w o r k e r s , " as u se d in th ese
stu d ies, in clu d es w ork in g s u p e r v is o r s a n d n o n s u p e r v is o r y w o r k e r s p e r ­
fo r m in g c l e r i c a l fu n ction s and e x clu d e s a d m in is tra tiv e , e x e cu tiv e , and
p r o fe s s io n a l p e r s o n n e l. "P la n t w o r k e r s " in clu de w ork in g fo r e m e n and
a ll n o n s u p e r v is o r y w o r k e r s (in clu d in g lea d m en and train ees) en ga ged in
n o n o ffic e fu n ctio n s.
A d m in is tra tiv e , e x e cu tiv e , and p r o fe s s io n a l e m ­
p lo y e e s , and fo r c e - a c c o u n t c o n s tr u c tio n e m p lo y e e s who a r e u tiliz e d as
a sep a ra te w o rk f o r c e w e r e e x clu d e d . C a fe te r ia w o r k e r s and r o u t e m en w e re e x clu d e d in m a n u fa ctu rin g in d u strie s but w e r e in clu d ed as
plant w o r k e r s in n on m an u fa ctu rin g in d u s tr ie s .

Shift d iffe r e n t ia l data (table B -2 ) a r e lim ite d to m a n u fa c tu r ­
ing in d u s tr ie s . T h is in fo rm a tio n is p r e s e n te d both in te r m s o f (a) e s ­
ta b lish m en t p o lic y , 31 p r e s e n te d in te r m s o f tota l plant w o r k e r e m p lo y ­
m en t, and (b) e ffe c t iv e p r a c t ic e , p r e s e n te d in te r m s o f w o r k e r s actu a lly
e m p lo y e d on the s p e c ifie d sh ift at the tim e o f the s u r v e y . In e s t a b ­
lish m en ts h aving v a r ie d d iffe r e n t ia ls , the am ount ap plyin g to a m a jo r ­
ity w as u se d o r , if no am ount a p p lied to a m a jo r ity , the c la s s ific a t io n
" o t h e r " w as u se d . In e sta b lis h m e n ts in w h ich so m e la t e -s h ift h ou rs
a re paid at n o rm a l r a te s , a d iffe r e n tia l w as r e c o r d e d on ly if it ap p lied
to a m a jo r ity o f the sh ift h o u r s .

P a id h o lid a y s , paid v a c a tio n s ,
p en sion plans a r e tr e a te d s ta t is t ic a lly on
p lic a b le to a ll plant o r o ffic e w o r k e r s if
a r e e lig ib le o r m a y even tu a lly q u a lify fo r

and health, in su r a n ce , and
the b a s is that th ese a re a p ­
a m a jo r ity o f such w o r k e r s
the p r a c t ic e s lis te d .

The su m m a ry o f v a ca tion plans (ta ble B -4 ) is lim ite d to f o r ­
m a l p o lic ie s , ex clu d in g in fo r m a l a rra n g e m e n ts w h e re b y tim e o ff w ith
pay w as g ra n ted at the d is c r e t io n o f the e m p lo y e r . In the tabu lation s
o f v a ca tion a llo w a n ce s by w eek s o f pay and y e a r s o f s e r v ic e , p a y ­
m en ts not on a tim e b a s is w e r e so c o n v e r te d ; fo r e x a m p le , a p a y ­
m en t o f 2 p e r c e n t o f annual ea rn in g s w as c o n s id e r e d as the e q u iv a ­
lent o f 1 w e e k 's pay. The pay am ounts and s e r v ic e p e r io d s fo r w hich
data a r e p r e s e n te d a r e ty p ic a l but do not n e c e s s a r ily r e fle c t the in d i­
vidu al p r o v is io n s fo r p r o g r e s s io n s .
F o r e x a m p le, the changes in
p r o p o r tio n s in d ica ted at 10 y e a r s ' s e r v ic e in clu de changes in p r o v i­
sion s o c c u r r in g b etw een 5 and 10 y e a r s .
F u r t h e r m o r e , e s tim a te s
a re c u m u la tiv e.
T hus, the p r o p o r t io n r e c e iv in g 3 o r m o r e w e e k s '
pay a fte r 5 y e a r s in clu d es th ose who r e c e iv e 3 o r m o r e w e e k s ' pay
a fter fe w e r y e a r s o f s e r v ic e . D ata fo r in te rm e d ia te s e r v ic e p e r io d s
w e r e not tabu lated. D ata on e m p lo y e r p r a c t ic e in com p u tin g v a ca tion
pa ym en ts, su ch as tim e p a ym en ts, p e r c e n t o f annual e a rn in g s, or
fla t -s u m am ou n ts, a r e a v a ila b le in the in div idu al a r e a b u lle tin s.
D ata a r e p r e s e n te d fo r a ll h ealth, in su r a n ce , and p en sion
plans (table B -5 ) fo r w h ich at le a s t a p a rt o f the c o s t w as b o r n e by
the e m p lo y e r , ex cep tin g on ly le g a l r e q u ire m e n ts su ch as w o r k m e n 's
co m p e n sa tio n , r a ilr o a d r e tir e m e n t, and s o c ia l s e c u r it y .
Such plans
in clu d ed th ose u n d erw ritten by a c o m m e r c ia l in su ra n ce com p a n y and
th ose p r o v id e d th rough a u nion fund o r paid d ir e c tly by the e m p lo y e r
out o f c u r re n t o p e ra tin g funds o r fr o m a fund set a sid e fo r this p u r ­
pose.
Death b en e fits w e r e in clu d ed as a fo r m o f life in s u r a n ce .

B e c a u s e o f roun din g, su m s o f in dividu al ite m s in th ese ta b ­
u la tion s m a y not equ al to ta ls .
T h e sch e d u le d h o u rs (table B - l ) o f a m a jo r ity o f the f i r s t sh ift w o r k e r s in an esta b lis h m e n t a re tabu lated as applying to a ll o f
the plant o r o ffic e w o r k e r s o f that e sta b lis h m e n t.




31
An e sta b lis h m e n t w as c o n s id e r e d as h avin g a p o lic y if it m e t
e ith er o f the fo llo w in g c o n d itio n s : (1) O p era ted late sh ifts at the tim e
o f the su r v e y , o r (2) had fo r m a l p r o v is io n s c o v e r in g late sh ifts.

55

S ick n e ss and a c c id e n t in su r a n ce data a r e lim ite d to that type
o f in su ra n ce under wHicli p r e d e te r m in e d c a s h p a ym en ts w e re m a de d i ­
r e c t ly to the in su r e d on a w e e k ly o r m on th ly b a s is du ring illn e s s or
a c c id e n t d is a b ility .
In fo rm a tio n is p r e s e n te d fo r a ll su ch pla n s to
w h ich the e m p lo y e r co n trib u te s . In New Y o rk and N ew J e r s e y , h ow ­
e v e r, w h ich h av e en a cted te m p o r a r y d is a b ilit y in s u r a n ce la w s w hich
r e q u ir e e m p lo y e r c o n trib u tio n s , 32 plan s w e r e in clu d ed on ly if the e m ­
p lo y e r (a) co n trib u te d m o r e than w as le g a lly re q u ire d , o r (b) p r o v id e d
the e m p lo y e e w ith b e n e fits w h ich e x c e e d the re q u ire m e n ts o f the law.
T abu lation s o f ftaid s ic k le a v e p la n s a r e lim ite d to fo r m a l pla n s w hich
p r o v id e d fu ll pay o r a p r o p o r t io n o f the w o rk e r* s pay du ring a b s e n ce
fr o m w o rk b e c a u s e o f illn e s s . S ep arate ta bu la tion s a r e p r e s e n te d a c ­
c o rd in g to (1) p la n s w h ich p r o v id e d fu ll pay and n o w aitin g p e r io d , and
(2) plans w h ich p r o v id e d eith er p a r t ia l pay o r a w a itin g p e r io d . Sick
lea v e plans in clu d e on ly th ose w h ich d e fin ite ly e s ta b lis h e d at le a s t the
m in im u m n u m ber o f days* pay that co u ld be e x p e cte d by each e m ­
p lo y e e .
In fo rm a l s ic k le a v e a llo w a n ce s d e te rm in e d on an in div idu al

b a s is w e re ex clu d ed .
In ad d ition to the p r e se n ta tio n o f the p r o p o r ­
tions o f w o r k e r s w ho a r e p r o v id e d s ic k n e s s and a c c id e n t in su r a n ce or
paid s ic k le a v e , an u ndu plicated tota l is show n o f w o r k e r s who r e c e iv e d
eith er or both ty p es o f b en efit.
C a ta strop h e in su ra n ce , s o m e tim e s r e fe r r e d to as exten ded
m e d ic a l in su r a n ce , in clu d e s tfiose p la n s w hich w e r e d esig n ed to p r o ­
te c t e m p lo y e e s w hen s ic k n e s s and in ju ry im p o s e e x p e n s e s bey on d the
n o rm a l c o v e r a g e o f h o sp ita liz a tio n , m e d ic a l, and s u r g ic a l plans.
M e d ic a l in su ra n ce r e f e r s to pla n s p r o v id in g fo r c o m p le te or p a rtia l
pa ym en t o f d o c t o r s ' fe e s . Such plans m ig h t be u n d erw ritten by c o m ­
m e r c ia l in su r a n ce c o m p a n ie s o r n o n p r o fit o r g a n iz a tio n s or they m igh t
b e s e lf-in s u r e d . T ab u lation s of r e tir e m e n t plans a r e lim ite d to th ose
plan s that p r o v id e d m on th ly p a ym en ts fo r the r e m a in d e r o f the w o r k ­
e r 's life .

E s tim a te s o f la b o r -m a n a g e m e n t a g r e e m e n t c o v e r a g e (ta b le s 8
and 9) r e la te to a ll w o r k e r s (pla n t o r o ffic e ) e m p lo y e d in an e s t a b lis h ­
32
The te m p o r a r y d is a b ility la w s in C a lifo rn ia and R hode Islanm
d en t having an e ffe c t iv e c o n tr a c t c o v e r in g a m a jo r ity o f the w o r k e r s
did not r e q u ir e e m p lo y e r co n trib u tio n s.
in th eir r e s p e c t iv e c a t e g o r ie s .







56
E sta b lish m e n ts and w o rk ers within scope of su rv e y and num ber studied in a ll m e trop olitan a r e a s 1 by
m a jo r in du stry d iv is io n 2 and regio n , 3 y e a r ending June 30 , 1961
(In thousands)
N u m b er of
esta b lish m en ts
Industry d iv isio n and region

A ll a r e a s _____________________________________________________________
Industry d iv isio n :
M an ufactu ring ___________________________________________________
T ra n sp o rta tio n , com m u n ication , and other
public u tilitie s 6 ________________________________________________
W h o le sa le t r a d e _________________________________________________
R e ta il trade ______________________________________________________
F in a n c e, in su r a n ce , and
re a l estate ______________________________________________________
S e r v ic e s 8 _ _____________________________________________________
R e g io n :3
N o r t h e a s t ________________________________________________________
S o u th _______________________________________________________________
N orth C e n t r a l____________________________________________________
W e s t ------------------- --------------------------------------------------------------------------

Within
scope of
study 4

Studied

5 9 ,2 8 6

1 1 ,2 2 0

2 5 ,9 0 8
4 , 796
7, 857
8, 630
5, 677
6 ,4 0 0

( 9)
( 9)
( 9)
( 9)

N u m b er of w ork ers in e sta b lish m en ts
W ithin scope o f sstudy
T o t a l5

Studied

O ffic e

P lant

1 6 ,6 2 9 .8

3 ,1 5 5 . 1

1 0 ,6 0 7 .7

4 , 641

9 ,2 9 5 .5

1, 2 3 8 .4

6, 8 2 9 . 0

4 , 11 6. 8

1 ,4 9 0
1, 189
1, 618

2, 1 2 9. 3
896. 1
2, 11 3. 3

428. 3
268. 3
234. 6

1, 114. 1
412. 0
1 ,5 9 0 . 3

1, 3 6 2 .8
226. 2
993. 1

1 ,0 8 2
1, 194

1 ,2 1 4 .6
978. 8

814. 3
1 6 7. 2

7 62. 5
585. 7

55 4 . 9
334. 8

2, 980
3 , 315
3 ,4 6 7
1 ,4 5 8

5, 7 6 8. 3
3, 16 9. 2
5 ,4 3 3 .4
2, 2 5 8 . 9

1, 1 3 4 .7
521. 1
1 ,0 1 0 . 3
489. 0

3, 5 7 1 .
2, 10 3.
3, 5 7 2 .
1 ,3 6 0 .

T otal

6
6
1
5

7 ,5 9 0 .4

2, 3 6 2 . 0
1 ,4 4 3 . 8
2, 708. 8
1, 0 7 5 .8

1 188 Standard M e trop olitan S ta tistic a l A r e a s in the United S ta tes, excluding A la s k a and H aw aii, as esta b lish ed by the
B ureau of the Budget through 1959.
2 The 1957 r e v ise d edition of the Standard In d ustrial C la ssific a tio n M anual w as used in c la ssify in g esta b lish m en ts by
in d u stry d iv isio n .
3 F o r defin ition of r e g io n s, se e footnote 2, table A - l .
4 Includes a ll e sta b lish m e n ts with total em p loym en t at or above the m in im u m -s iz e lim ita tio n (50 e m p lo y e e s). In 12 of
the la r g e s t a r e a s , the m in im u m s iz e w as 100 or m o r e em p lo y ee s in m an ufacturin g, public u tilitie s , and r e ta il trade f ir m s .
5 T otals include ex ecu tive, p r o fe s s io n a l, and other w o rk ers exclu ded fr o m the sep a ra te o ffic e and plant c a te g o r ie s . The
e stim a te s shown in this table p rovid e a rea so n a b ly a ccu rate d esc r ip tio n of the s iz e and com p o sitio n of the lab or fo r c e included
in the s u r v e y s .
Th ey are not intended, h ow ever, to s e r v e as a b a s is of c o m p a r iso n with other a r e a em p loym en t in dexes to
m e a s u r e em p loym en t trends or le v e ls , sin ce (1) planning o f w age su rv e y s re q u ir e s the u se of e sta b lish m en t data c om p iled
c o n sid e r a b ly in advance of the p a y r o ll p erio d studied, and (2) s m a ll e sta b lish m e n ts are exclu ded fr o m the scop e of the stu d ies.
6 E xclu d es taxicab s and s e r v ic e s in cid en tal to w ater tra n sp ortation and m u n ic ip a lly op erated e sta b lish m e n ts.
7 Data fo r n onoffice (plant) w o rk ers in finance and in su ran ce esta b lish m en ts a re exclu ded fr o m the total, as w ell as
fr o m the e stim a te s fo r " a l l in d u s tr ie s " and "n o n m a n u fa ctu r in g ;" data for plant w o rk ers in r e a l e sta te , h ow ever, are included.
8 H o te ls; p e r so n a l s e r v ic e s ; b u sin e ss s e r v ic e s ; auto r ep a ir sh o p s; m otion p ic tu r e s ; n onprofit m e m b e r sh ip or g a n iza tio n s;
and en gin eerin g and a rc h ite c tu r a l s e r v ic e s .
9 No attem pt was m ad e to e stim a te num b er of fir m s by regio n .

Appendix B: Manufacturing Employment
(Proportion of w orkers within scope of s u r v e y 1 employed in manufacturing industries and the m ajor groups within manufacturing in each of 82 labor m arkets
surveyed between July I960 and June 1961)

Manufac turing
em ployment
as percent
of total

Labor m arket

M ajor industry groups 2 by percent
of a ll manufacturing em ployment
50
40
20
30
percent and under and under and under
and
50
30
40
over
percent
percent
percent

Labor m arket
and under
20
percent

__

__ __

___

Portland ______________________________________
Providence—Pawtucket _________________
Scranton ___ __ ________ __ __ _____
T r e n t o n ______ ____________________ _______
W aterbury
__________________________________
W orcester
__________________________________
York ___________________________________________

64
79
48
67
62
88
78
62
63
31
74
54
67
50
75
68
77
87
75
80

_
-

.
36
31

_
22

35
33
36
33
31

-

-

-

-

-

-

36
-

33

-

-

-

-

20, 26

-

2 3 ,3 6
23
20, 37
28, 37
20
1 9 ,2 2 ,3 6
36
20, 28, 35
2 3 ,3 3 ,3 7
20, 23, 27, 36
22, 37, 38
2 0 ,2 3 ,3 6
36
34

-

22, 39

-

23

-

-

-

-

34
33
35

-

-

-

-

22, 36
3 0 ,3 2 ,3 5 ,3 6
3 0 ,3 4 ,3 8
32, 33
23, 35

-

-

South
Atlanta _ _ _ _________
_ __
___
Baltim ore _ ___________ __ __ __________
Beaumont—Port Arthur ________________
Birmingham _____ __________________________
Charleston, W. Va. ______________________
Charlotte _
_______
Chattanooga ___ _
_ _
D allas ___________ ______ ___________________
Fort Worth _________________________________
_______ _ ______ __ — _____
Greenville
Houston ______________________________________
Jackson ____ ________ ______ __ „ _____
Jacksonville ________________________________
Little Rock—North Little Rock
Louisville _____ __ ___________ __________
_____________________ _____
Lubbock ___
M e m p h is

M iam i
N ew

........... .

__
O r le a n s

__

.. ._ .

___ ___

__
. .

__________________

___

Norfolk—Portsm outh and
Newport New s-Ham pton
____ _____
O k l a h o m a City
..
_
Raleigh _ ______ ______ ______ __________
R ich m o n d -----------------------------------------------

41
63
67
56
55
45
78
41
54
79
41
41
28
45
62
27
44
21
31

-

29
-

28
_

33
-

_

37

-

-

33, 37
-

-

-

-

_

_
_

_
_

_

37
22

-

-

-

_

_

-

_

-

-

-

20

-

-

-

-

-

_

22
22, 34
37

20
36
28
34, 37
32
20, 37
2 0 ,2 3 ,3 6
20

23

-

-

20, 28, 29, 34, 35
36
2 1 ,2 6 , 37
2 0 ,2 3 ,2 4 ,3 6 ,3 8
20, 2 1 ,3 4 ,3 5 ,3 6
27, 35
24
2 3 ,2 5 ,3 4 ,3 7
23, 37

20, 25
20
_
-

_

_

20
20
20

37
_

_

_

_

_

20

-

_

_

"

_
2 0 ,2 2 ,3 6
21

San Antonio _________________________
Savannah _
Washington _________________________
Wilmington _________________________

575
percent
and
over

40
20
30
and under and under and under
50
40
30
percent
percent
percent

10

and under
20
percent

30
56
13
76

_
-

_
26
28

20
27
-

73
83
52
65
64
55

30
-

33
_

-

_

_

74
75
42
66
66
57
49
66
50
85
41
83
62
53
77
64
87
72

35

_

»

-

_
_
_

_
_

35, 36
20, 35

_

37

_
_

_

C in c in n a ti

Cleveland

___________________________

C o lu m b u s

.... . .................. .

.....................

Davenport—Rock Island—
Moline ____________ ________
Dayton _____________________ ___ __________
Des Moines
Detroit _____________ _______________________
Green B a v _______
__ ___ _
Indianapolis ___ _____ _ _ _ ____
Kansas C i t y __
__
_
_______
Milwaukee _
M inneapolis—St. Paul _________________
Muskegon—Muskegon Heights _____
Omaha _______________________________________
Rockford ____________________________
St. Louis __
_
_______
_
_ __
Sioux F a l l s __________________________ _______
South Bend __ __ _ _
Toledo
_

20
27, 34, 36, 37
20, 26, 28

19
20
21
22
23
24
25

-

Ordnance
Food
Tobacco
Textiles
Apparel
Lum ber
Furniture

26
27
28
29
30
31
32

-

23
2 0 ,2 4 ,3 7
36
37

-

-

_
_

35
36
37

34, 37
34
2 0 ,3 3 ,3 4 ,3 5
20, 35
3 3 ,3 4 ,3 5 ^ 3 7
2 0 , 3 4 ,3 5 ,3 6

W a t e r lo o

.............................

________________________ ____

Wichita

37

26

_

-

_
-

37

-

_
-

_
_
_
_

20
_
-

20
37

_

35

_
_

_

20

37

_
_

35
20
3 3 ,3 5 ,3 7

33
_

27, 30, 37
33, 35
20, 35
2 0 ,3 5 ,3 6
1 9 ,2 0 ,3 7
2 0 ,3 6 ,3 7
27, 35, 38
_

_

36

34, 35
37

3 7 ,3 8
20, 33

_

_

37

30, 35
3 2 ,3 5 ] 3 6

I

l

20

W est
Albuquerque
R o i se

_
..
_
............... ...................

...

Los A ngeles—Long Beach

.._ _.

____________

P h o e n ix

Portland

_____________________________

S a lt L a k e

C ity

.................

21
22
37
58
42
45
34

_
_

_
_

_
-

_
-

.

_

_

_
_

_

_

_
37

33

>

_

"

"

33

San Bernardino—Riverside—
48
29
37
46

_
20
_

North Central
Akron ________________________________
Canton
_
____ __
Chicago __ _____________________ ___ _

O n t a r i o _____ ______ ____ _____
S a r\ TT*r*a n n s r o - H a VI a r»H

Spokane

1 Based on estim ates of em ployment derived from universe m aterials compiled p rior to actual survey.
2 M ajor industry groups, shown with their 2-d ig it c lassifica tion , are:




M ajor industry groups 2 by percent
of all manufacturing em ployment

South— Continued

Northeast
Albany—Sc hene c ta dy—T r oy __________
Allentown—Bethlehem—Easton ______
Boston _________________________________
Buffalo
_____ __
_____ ____
Burlington .
_ ______ ____
Law renc e-H averh ill ________________
M anchester ______ _ _
Newark and Jersey City ____________
New Haven ___________________________
New York City _______________________
P h ila d e lp h ia __

M anufac­
turing
em ployment
as percent
of total

Paper
Printing
Chem icals
Petroleum refining
Rubber and p lastics
Leather
Stone, clay, and glass

57

_____

_

_

_ _

_ _ _ _ _

_ _

49
38
58
39

_

19
20
-

20

32
24, 27, 3 4 ,3 7
’ 30
36
2 0 ,3 3 ,3 5 ,3 6
20] 24,’ 26,’ 33
19, 35

37
20

32
34

20

24

20, 37
37
37

Proportions in various groups m ay differ from proportions based on the resu lts of the survey.
33
34
35
36
37
38
39

-

P rim ary m etals
Fabricated m etals
Machinery (except electrical)
E le ctrica l m achinery
Transportation equipment
Scientific instruments
M iscellaneous manufacturing




Appendix C : Occupational Descriptions
The primary purpose o f preparing job descriptions for the Bureau's wage surveys is to a ssist its
field staff in classifyin g into appropriate occupations workers who are employed under a variety of payroll
titles and different work arrangements from establishment to establishment and from area to area. This is
essential in order to permit the grouping of occupational wage rates representing comparable job content.
Because of this emphasis on interestablishment and interarea comparability of occupational content, the
Bureau’ s job descriptions may differ significantly from those in use in individual establishments or those
prepared for other purposes. In applying these job descriptions, the Bureau’ s field economists are
instructed to exclude working supervisors, apprentices, learners, beginners, trainees, handicapped workers,
part-time, temporary, and probationary workers.
O F F IC E
BILLER, MACHINE

BOOKKEEPING-MACHINE OPERATOR

Prepares statements, b ills, and invoices on a machine other
than an ordinary or electromatic typewriter. May also keep records as
to billings or shipping charges or perform other clerica l work incidental
to billing operations. For wage study purposes, billers, machine, are
cla ssified by type of machine, as follow s:

Operates a bookkeeping machine (Remington Rand, Elliott
Fisher, Sundstrand, Burroughs, National Cash Register, with or without
a typewriter keyboard) to keep a record of business transactions.
Class A— Keeps a set of records requiring a knowledge o f
and experience in basic bookkeeping principles and familiarity with
the structure of the particular accounting system used. Determines
proper records and distribution of debit and credit items to be used
in each phase of the work. May prepare consolidated reports, balance
sheets, and other records by hand.

,

Biller machine (billing machine)— Uses a special billing ma­
chine (Moon Hopkins, Elliott Fisher, Burroughs, e tc., which are
combination typing and adding machines) to prepare bills and in­
voices from customers’ purchase orders, internally prepared orders,
shipping memorandums, etc. Usually involves application of prede­
termined discounts and shipping charges and entry of necessary
extensions, which may or may not be computed on the billing ma­
chine, and totals which are automatically accumulated by machine.
The operation usually involves a large number of carbon copies of
the bill being prepared and is often done on a fanfold machine.

Class B— Keeps a record o f one or more phases or section s of
a set of records usually requiring little knowledge of basic book­
keeping • Phases or sections include accounts payable, payroll,
customers’ accounts (not including a simple type o f billing described
under biller, machine), cost distribution, expense distribution, in­
ventory control, etc. May check or assist in preparation o f trial
balances and prepare control sheets for the accounting department.

,

Biller machine (bookkeeping machine)— Uses a bookkeeping
machine (Sundstrand, Elliott Fisher, Remington Rand, e tc ., which
may or may not have typewriter keyboard) to prepare customers*
bills as part of the accounts receivable operation. Generally in­
volves the simultaneous entry of figures on customers’ ledger rec­
ord. The machine automatically accumulates figures on a number
of vertical columns and computes and usually prints automatically
the debit or credit balances. Does not involve a knowledge of book­
keeping.
Works from uniform and standard types o f sales and
credit slip s.




CLERK, ACCOUNTING
C lass A— Under general direction o f a bookkeeper or account­
ant, has responsibility for keeping one or more section s o f a com ­
plete set of books or records relating to one phase o f an establish­
ment’ s business transactions. Work involves posting and balancing
subsidiary ledger or ledgers such as accounts receivable or accounts

59

60

CLERK, ACCOUNTING— -Continued
payable; examining and coding invoices or vouchers with proper a c ­
counting distribution; requires judgment and experience in making
proper assignations and allocation s. May a ssist in preparing, ad­
justing and closin g journal entries; may direct cla ss B accounting
clerks.
C la s s B — Under supervision, performs one or more routine a c ­
counting operations such as posting simple journal vouchers or a c ­
counts payable vouchers, entering vouchers in voucher registers;
reconciling bank accounts; posting subsidiary ledgers controlled
by general ledgers, or posting simple cost accounting data. This
job does not require a knowledge of accounting and bookkeeping
principles but is found in offices in which the more routine account­
ing work is subdivided on a functional basis among several workers.

CLERK, PAYROLL
Computes wages of company employees and enters the n eces­
sary data on the payroll sheets. Duties involve: Calculating workers'
earnings based on time or production records; posting calculated data
on payroll sheet, showing information such as worker's name, working
days, time, rate, deductions for insurance, and total wages due. May
make out paychecks and a ssist paymaster in making up and distribut­
ing pay envelopes. May use a calculating machine.
COMPTOMETER OPERATOR
Primary duty is to operate a Comptometer to perform mathema­
tical computations. This job is not to be confused with that of statis­
tical or other type of clerk, which may involve frequent use of a Comp­
tometer but, in which, use of this machine is incidental to performance
of other duties.

CLERK, FILE
C la s s A — In an established filing system containing a num­
ber of varied subject matter file s, cla ssifie s and indexes corres­
pondence or other material; may also file this material. May keep
records of various types in conjunction with files or may super­
vise others in filing and locating material in the file s . May per­
form incidental clerical duties.
C la s s B — Performs routine filing, usually of material that has
already been cla ssified or which is easily identifiable, or locates
or a ssists in locating material in file s. May perform incidental
clerica l duties.

CLERK, ORDER
R eceives custom ers'orders for material or merchandise by mail,
phone, or personally. Duties involve any com bination o f the fo llo w in g :
Quoting prices to customers; making out an order sheet listing the items
to make up the order; checking prices and quantities of items on order
sheet; distributing order sheets to respective departments to be filled .
May check with credit department to determine credit rating of customer,
acknowledge receipt of orders from customers, follow up orders to see
that they have been filled, keep file of orders received, and check ship­
ping invoices with original orders.




DUPLICATING-MACHINE OPERATOR (MIMEOGRAPH OR DITTO)
Under general supervision and with no supervisory responsi­
b ilities, reproduces multiple cop ies o f typewritten or handwritten matter,
using a Mimeograph or Ditto machine. Makes necessary adjustment such
as for ink and paper feed counter and cylinder speed. Is not required to
prepare sten cil or Ditto master. May keep file of used sten cils or Ditto
masters. May sort, collate, and staple completed material.

KEYPUNCH

OPERATOR

Under general supervision and with no supervisory responsi­
b ilities, records accounting and statistical data on tabulating cards by
punching a series of holes in the cards in a sp ecified sequence, using
an alphabetical or a numerical Keypunch machine, following written in­
formation on records. May duplicate cards by using the duplicating de­
vice attached to machine. May keep files of punch cards. May verify
own work or work o f others.
OFFICE BOY OR GIRL
Performs various routine duties such as running errands, op­
erating minor office machines such as sealers or mailers, opening and
distributing mail, and other minor clerica l work.

61

SECRETARY
Performs secretarial and clerica l duties for a superior in an ad­
ministrative or executive position. Duties include making appointments
for superior; receiving people coming into o ffice; answering and making
phone ca lls; handling personal and important or confidential mail, and
writing routine correspondence on own initiative; taking dictation (where
transcribing machine is not used) either in shorthand or by Stenotype or
similar machine, and transcribing dictation or the recorded information
reproduced on a transcribing machine. May prepare special reports or
memorandums for information of superior.
STENOGRAPHER, GENERAL
Primary duty is to take dictation from one or more persons,
either in shorthand or by Stenotype or similar machine, involving a nor­
mal routine vocabulary, and to transcribe this dictation on a typewriter.
May also type from written copy. May a lso set up and keep files in or­
der, keep simple records, etc. D o e s not in clu de tran scribing-m ach in e
work (see transcribing-machine operator).
STENOGRAPHER, TECHNICAL
Primary duty is to take dictation from one or more persons
either in shorthand or by Stenotype or similar machine, involving a varied
technical or specialized vocabulary such as in legal briefs or reports on
scientific research and to transcribe this dictation on a typewriter. May
also type from written copy. May also set up and keep files in order,
keep simple records, etc. D o e s not in clu d e tran scribing-m ach in e work.
SWITCHBOARD OPERATOR
Operates a single- or multiple-position telephone switchboard.
Duties involve handling incoming, outgoing, and intraplant or o ffice ca lls .
May record toll calls and take m essages. May give information to per­
sons who ca ll in, or occasion ally take telephone orders. For workers
who also act as receptionists see switchboard operator-receptionist.
SWITCHBOARD OPERATOR-RECEPTIONIST
In addition to performing duties of operator, on a single p o si­
tion or monitor-type switchboard, acts as receptionist and may a lso type
or perform routine clerical work as part of regular duties. This typing
or clerical work may take the major part of this worker's time while at
switchboard.




TABULATING-MACHINE OPERATOR
C la s s A — Operates a variety of tabulating or electrical a c­
counting machines, typically including such machines as the tabu­
lator, calculator, interpreter, collator and others. Performs com­
plete reporting assignments without clo se supervision, and performs
difficult wiring as required. The complete reporting and tabulating
assignments typically involve a variety of long and complex re­
ports which often are of irregular or nonrecurring type requiring
some planning and sequencing of steps to be taken. As a more
experienced operator, is typically involved in training new opera­
tors in machine operations, or partially trained operators in wiring
from diagrams and operating sequences of long and complex reports.
D o e s n ot in clu de working supervisors performing tabulating-machine
operations ondday-to-day supervision of the work and production of
a group of tabulating-machine operators.
C la s s B — Operates more difficult tabulating or electrical a c­
counting machines such as the tabulator and calculator, in addition
to the sorter, reproducer, and collator. This work is performed under
sp e cific instructions and may include the performance of some wir­
ing from diagrams. The work typically involves, for example, tabu­
lations involving a repetitive accounting exercise, a complete but
small tabulating study, or parts of a longer and more complex report.
Such reports and studies are usually of a recurring nature where
the procedures are well established. May also include the training
of new employees in the basic operation of the machine.
C la s s C — Operates simple tabulating or electrical account­
ing machines such as the sorter, reproducing punch, collator, etc.,
with sp ecific instructions. May include simple wiring from diagrams
and some filing work. The work typically involves portions of a
work unit, for example, individual sorting or collating runs, or re­
petitive operations.

TRANSCRIBING-MACHINE OPERATOR, GENERAL
Primary duty is to transcribe dictation involving a normal routine
vocabulary from transcribing-machine records. May also type from written
copy and do simple clerical work. Workers transcribing dictation in­
volving a varied technical or specialized vocabulary such as legal briefs
or reports on scien tific research are not included. A worker who takes
dictation in shorthand or by Stenotype or similar machine is cla ssified
as a stenographer, general.

62

TYPIST

TYPIST—-Continued

Uses a typewriter to make copies of various material or to make
out bills after calculations have been made by another person. May in­
clude typing of sten cils, mats, or similar materials for use in duplicat­
ing p rocesses. May do clerical work involving little sp ecia l training,
such as keeping simple records, filing records and reports, or sorting
and distributing incoming mail.
C la s s A — Performs on e or more o f the fo llo w in g : Typing ma­
terial in final form when it involves combining material from several
sources or responsibility for correct spelling, syllabication, punc-

P R O

F E S S I O

N

A L

DRAFTSMAN, JUNIOR
(Assistant draftsman)
Draws to scale units or parts of drawings prepared by drafts­
man or others for engineering, construction, or manufacturing purposes.
Uses various types of drafting tools as required. May prepare drawings
from simple plans or sketches, or perform other duties under direction
of a draftsman.
DRAFTSMAN, LEADER
Plans and directs activities of one or more draftsmen in prep­
aration of working plans and detail drawings from rough or preliminary
sketches for engineering, construction, or manufacturing purposes. Duties
involve a com bination o f the fo llo w in g : Interpreting blueprints, sketches,
and written or verbal orders; determining work procedures; assigning
duties to subordinates and inspecting their work; performing more dif­
ficult problems. May a ssist subordinates during emergencies or as a
regular assignment, or perform related duties of a supervisory or ad­
ministrative nature.
DRAFTSMAN, SENIOR
Prepares working plans and detail drawings from notes, rough
or detailed sketches for engineering, construction, or manufacturing pur­
p oses. Duties involve a com bin ation o f the fo llo w in g : Preparing work­
ing plans, detail drawings, maps, cross-section s, e tc ., to scale by use
of drafting instruments; making engineering computations such as those




tuation, e tc., of technical or unusual words or foreign language ma­
terial; planning layout and typing of com plicated statistical tables
to maintain uniformity and balance in spacing. May type routine
form letters varying details to suit circum stances.
C la s s B — Performs on e or more o f the fo llo w in g : Copy typing
from rough or clear drafts; routine typing of forms, insurance p o licie s,
e tc.; setting up simple standard tabulations, or copying more com­
plex tables already set up and spaced properly.

AND T E C H N IC A L
DRAFTSMAN, SENIOR— Continued
involved in strength of materials, beams and trusses; verifying com­
pleted work, checking dimensions, materials to be used, and quantities;
writing specification s; making adjustments or changes in drawings or
specification s. May ink in lines and letters on pencil drawings, prepare
detail units of complete drawings, or trace drawings. Work is frequently
in a specialized field such as architectural, electrical, mechanical, or
structural drafting.
NURSE, INDUSTRIAL (REGISTERED)
A registered nurse who gives nursing service to ill or injured
employees or other persons who become ill or suffer an accident on the
premises of a factory or other establishment. Duties involve a com bin a•
tion o f the fo llo w in g : Giving first aid to the ill or injured; attending to
subsequent dressing of em ployees' injuries; keeping records of patients
treated; preparing accident reports for compensation or other purposes;
conducting physical examinations and health evaluations of applicants
and employees; and planning and carrying out programs involving health
education, accident prevention, evaluation of plant environment, or other
activities affecting the health, welfare, and safety of all personnel.
TRACER
Copies plans and drawings prepared by others, by placing trac­
ing cloth or paper over drawing and tracing with pen or pencil. Uses
T-square, com pass, and other drafting tools. May prepare simple draw­
ings and do simple lettering.

63
M A IN T E N A N C E

D PO W ERPLANT

CARPENTER, MAINTENANCE

FIREMAN, STATIONARY BOILER

Performs the carpentry duties necessary to construct and main­
tain in good repair building woodwork and equipment such as bins, cribs,
counters, benches, partitions, doors, floors, stairs, casings, and trim
made of wood in an establishment. Work involves most o f the following:
Planning and laying out of work from blueprints, drawings, models, or
verbal instructions; using a variety of carpenter’ s handtools, portable
power tools, and standard measuring instruments; making standard shop
computations relating to dimensions of work; selecting materials n ec­
essary for the work. In general, the work of the maintenance carpenter
requires rounded training and experience usually acquired through a for­
mal apprenticeship or equivalent training and experience.

Fires stationary boilers to furnish the establishment in which
employed with heat, power, or steam. Feeds fuels to fire by hand or
operates a mechanical stoker, gas, or oil burner; checks water and safety
valves. May clean, oil, or assist in repairing boilerroom equipment.

ELECTRICIAN, MAINTENANCE
Performs a variety of electrical trade functions such as the
installation, maintenance, or repair of equipment for the generating, d is­
tribution, or utilization of electric energy in an establishment. Work
involves most o f the following: Installing or repairing any of a variety
of electrical equipment such as generators, transformers, switchboards,
controllers, circuit breakers, motors, heating units, conduit systems,
or other transmission equipment; working from blueprints, drawings, lay­
out, or other specification s; locating and diagnosing trouble in the e le c ­
trical system or equipment; working standard computations relating to
load requirements of wiring or electrical equipment; using a variety of
electrician’ s handtools and measuring and testing instruments. In gen­
eral, the work of the maintenance electrician requires rounded training
and experience usually acquired through a formal apprenticeship or
equivalent training and experience.
ENGINEER, STATIONARY
Operates and maintains and may a lso supervise the operation
of stationary engines and equipment (mechanical or electrical) to sup­
ply the establishment in which employed with power, heat, refrigera­
tion, or air-conditioning. Work involves: Operating and maintaining
equipment such as steam engines, air com pressors, generators, motors,
turbines, ventilating and refrigerating equipment, steam boilers and
boiler-fed water pumps; making equipment repairs; keeping a record of
operation of machinery, temperature, and fuel consumption. May also
supervise these operations. Head or ch ief engineers in establishments
employing more than one engineer are excluded .




HELPER, TRADES, MAINTENANCE
A ssists one or more workers in the skilled maintenance trades,
by performing sp e cific or general duties of lesser skill, such as keeping
a worker supplied with materials and tools; cleaning working area, ma­
chine, and equipment; assisting worker by holding materials or tools;
performing other unskilled tasks as directed by journeyman. The kind of
work the helper is permitted to perform varies from trade to trade: *In
some trades the helper is confined to supplying, lifting, and holding ma­
terials and tools and cleaning working areas; and in others he is per­
mitted to perform specialized machine operations, or parts ot a trade
that are also performed by workers on a full-time basis.
MACHINE-TOOL OPERATOR, TOOLROOM
Specializes in the operation of one or more types of machine
tools, such as jig borers, cylindrical or surface grinders, engine lathes,
or milling machines in the construction of machine-shop tools, gauges,
jigs, fixtures, or dies. Work involves most o f the following: Planning
and performing difficult machining operations; processing items requiring
complicated setups or a high degree of accuracy; using a variety of pre­
cision measuring instruments; selecting feeds, speeds, tooling and op­
eration sequence; making necessary adjustments during operation to
achieve requisite tolerances or dimensions. May be required to recog­
nize when tools need dressing, to dress tools, and to select proper
coolants and cutting and lubricating o ils. For cross-industry wage study
purposes, machine-tool operators, toolroom, in tool and die jobbing shops
are excluded from this classification .
MACHINIST, MAINTENANCE
Produces replacement parts and new parts in making repairs of
metal parts of mechanical equipment operated in an establishment. Work
involves most o f the^ following: Interpreting written instructions and
sp ecifica tion s; planning and laying out of work; using a variety of ma­
ch in is ts handtools and precision measuring instruments; setting up and

64

MACHINIST, MAINTENANCE— Continued

MILLWRIGHT— Continued

operating standard machine tools; shaping of metal parts to clo se tolerances; making standard shop computations relating to dimensions of work,
tooling, feeds and speeds of machining; knowledge of the working prop­
erties of the common metals; selecting standard materials, parts, and
equipment required for his work; fitting and assembling parts into me­
chanical equipment. In general, the machinist’ s work normally requires
a rounded training in machine-shop practice usually acquired through a
formal apprenticeship or equivalent training and experience.

are required. Work involves m o st o f the fo llo w in g : Planning and laying
out of the work; interpreting blueprints or other specification s; using a
variety of handtools and rigging; making standard shop computations re­
lating to stresses, strength of materials, and centers of gravity; alining
and balancing of equipment; selecting standard tools, equipment, and parts
to be used; installing and maintaining in good order power transmission
equipment such as drives and speed reducers. In general, the mill­
wright’ s work normally requires a rounded training and experience in the
trade acquired through a formal apprenticeship or equivalent training and
experience.

MECHANIC, AUTOMOTIVE (MAINTENANCE)
Repairs automobiles, buses, motortrucks, and tractors of an e s ­
tablishment. Work involves m o st o f the fo llo w in g : Examining automotive
equipment to diagnose source of trouble; disassembling equipment and
performing repairs that involve the use of such handtools as wrenches,
gauges, drills, or specialized equipment in disassembling or fitting parts;
replacing broken or defective parts from stock; grinding and adjusting
valves; reassembling and installing the various assem blies in the vehicle
and making necessary adjustments; alining wheels, adjusting brakes and
lights, or tightening body bolts. In general, the work of the automotive
mechanic requires rounded training and experience usually acquired
through a formal apprenticeship or equivalent training and experience.
MECHANIC, MAINTENANCE
Repairs machinery or mechanical equipment of an establishment.
Work involves m o st o f ike fo llo w in g : Examining machines and mechan­
ica l equipment to diagnose source of trouble; dismantling or partly d is­
mantling machines and performing repairs that mainly involve the use of
handtools in scraping and fitting parts; replacing broken or defective
parts with items obtained from stock; ordering the production of a replace­
ment part by a machine shop or sending of the machine to a machine shop
for major repairs; preparing written specification s for major repairs or
for the production of parts ordered from machine shop; reassembling ma­
chines; and making all necessary adjustments for operation. In general,
the work of a maintenance mechanic requires rounded training and ex­
perience usually acquired through a formal apprenticeship or equivalent
training and experience. Excluded from this classification are workers
whose primary d u ties involve setting up or adjusting machines.
MILLWRIGHT
Installs new machines or heavy equipment and dismantles and
installs machines or heavy equipment when changes in the plant layout




OILER
Lubricates, with oil or grease, the moving parts or wearing sur­
faces of mechanical equipment of an establishment.
PAINTER, MAINTENANCE
Paints and redecorates w alls, woodwork, and fixtures of an es­
tablishment. Work in v o lv e s the fo llo w in g : Knowledge of surface pecu­
liarities and types of paint required for different applications; preparing
surface for painting by removing old finish or by placing putty or filler in
nail holes and interstices; applying paint with spray gun or brush. May
mix colors, o ils , white lead, and other paint ingredients to obtain proper
color or consistency. In general, the work of the maintenance painter
requires rounded training and experience usually acquired through a for­
mal apprenticeship or equivalent training and experience.
PIPEFITTER, MAINTENANCE
Installs or repairs water, steam, gas, or other types of pipe and
pipe fittings in an establishment. Work involves m o st o f the fo llo w in g :
Laying out of work and measuring to locate position of pipe from drawings
or other written specification s; cutting various sizes of pipe to correct
lengths with ch isel and hammer or oxyacetylene torch or pipe-cutting ma­
chine; threading pipe with stocks and d ies; bending pipe by hand-driven
or power-driven machines; assembling pipe with couplings and fastening
pipe to hangers; making standard shop computations relatingto pressures,
flow , and size of pipe required; making standard tests to determine
whether finished pipes meet specifications* In general, the work of the
maintenance pipefitter requires rounded training and experience usually
acquired through a formal apprenticeship or equivalent training and ex­
perience. Workers prim arily en ga g ed in in sta llin g and repairing building
sa n ita tion or heatin g s y s t e m s are e x c lu d e d .

65

TOOL AND DIE MAKER

PLUMBER, MAINTENANCE
Keeps the plumbing system of an establishment in good order.
Work involves: Knowledge of sanitary codes regarding installation of
vents and traps in plumbing system; installing or repairing pipes and
fixtures; opening clogged drains with a plunger or plumber’ s snake. In
general, the work of the maintenance plumber requires rounded training
and experience usually acquired through a formal apprenticeship or equiv­
alent training and experience.
SHEET-METAL WORKER, MAINTENANCE
Fabricates, installs, and maintains in good repair the sheetmetal equipment and fixtures (such as machine guards, grease pans,
shelves, lockers, tanks, ventilators, chutes, ducts, metal roofing) of an
establishment. Work involves most o f the following: Planning and lay­
ing out all types of sheet-metal maintenance work from blueprints, models,
or other specification s; setting up and operating all available types of
sheet-metal-working machines; using a variety of handtools in cutting,
bending, forming, shaping, fitting, and assembling; installing sheetmetal articles as required. In general, the work of the maintenance
sheet-metal worker requires rounded training and experience usually
acquired through a formal apprenticeship or equivalent training and
experience.

(Diemaker; jig maker; toolmaker; fixture maker; gauge maker)
Constructs and repairs machine-shop tools, gauges, jigs, fix­
tures or dies for forgings, punching and other metal-forming work. Work
involves most o f the following: Planning and laying out of work from
models, blueprints, drawings, or other oral and written specification s;
using a variety of tool and die maker’ s handtools and precision meas­
uring instruments, understanding of the working properties of common
metals and alloys; setting up and operating of machine tools and related
equipment; making necessary shop computations relating to dimensions
of work, speeds, feeds, and tooling of machines; heattreating of metal
parts during fabrication as well as of finished tools and dies to achieve
required qualities; working to clo s e tolerances; fitting and assembling
o f parts to prescribed tolerances and allow ances; selecting appropriate
materials, tools, and processes. In general, the tool and die maker’ s
work requires a rounded training in machine-shop and toolroom practice
usually acquired through a formal apprenticeship or equivalent training
and experience.
For cross-industry wage study purposes, tool and die makers
in tool and die jobbing shops are excluded from this cla ssifica tion .

C U S T O D IA L A N D M A T E R IA L M O V E M E N T
ELEVATOR OPERATOR, PASSENGER

JANITOR, PORTER, OR CLEANER— Continued

Transports passengers between floors of an office building,
apartment house, department store, hotel or similar establishment.
Workers who operate elevators in conjunction with other duties such as
those of starters and janitors are excluded.

or other establishment. Duties involve a combination of the following:
Sweeping, mopping or scrubbing, and polishing floors; removing chips,
trash, and other refuse; dusting equipment, furniture, or fixtures;polish ­
ing metal fixtures or trimmings; providing supplies and minor mainte-*
nance services; cleaning lavatories, showers, and restrooms. Workers
who specialize in window washing are excluded.

GUARD
Performs routine police duties, either at fixed post or on tour,
maintaining order, using arms or force where necessary. Includes gate-

men who are stationed at gate and check on identity o f employees and
other persons entering.
JANITOR, PORTER, OR CLEANER
(Sweeper; charwoman; janitress)
Cleans and keeps in an orderly condition factory working areas
and washrooms, or premises .of an office, apartment house, or commercial




LABORER, MATERIAL HANDLING
(Loader and unloader; handler and stacker; shelver; trucker; stockman or stock helper; warehouseman or warehouse helper)*
A worker employed in a warehouse, manufacturing plant, store,
or other establishment whose duties involve one or more o f the follow­
ing: Loading and unloading various materials and merchandise on or

66

LABORER, MATERIAL HANDLING— Continued
from freight cars, trucks, or other transporting d evices; unpacking, shelv­
ing, or placing materials or merchandise in proper storage location; trans­
porting materials or merchandise by hand truck, car, or wheelbarrow.

Longshoremen, who load and unload ships are excluded .
ORDER FILLER
(Order picker; stock selector; warehouse stockman)
F ills shipping or transfer orders for finished goods from stored
merchandise in accordance with specifications on sales slips, customers*
orders, or other instructions. May, in addition to filling orders and indi­
cating items filled or omitted, keep records of outgoing orders, requisi­
tion additional stock, or report short supplies to supervisor, and perform
other related duties.

SHIPPING AND RECEIVING CLERK— Continued
For wage study purposes, workers are cla ssifie d as follow s:

Receiving clerk
Shipping clerk
Shipping and receiving clerk
TRUCKDRIVER
Drives a truck within a city or industrial area to transport ma­
terials, merchandise, equipment, or men between various types of estab­
lishments such a s: Manufacturing plants, freight depots, warehouses,
wholesale and retail establishments, or between retail establishments
and customers’ houses or places of business. May also load or unload
truck with or without helpers, make minor mechanical repairs, and keep
truck in good working order. Driver-salesmen and over-the-road drivers

are excluded .

PACKER, SHIPPING
Prepares finished products for shipment or storage by placing
them in shipping containers, the sp ecific operations performed being
dependent upon the type, size, and number o f units to be packed, the
type of container employed, and method of shipment. Work requires the
placing of items in shipping containers and may involve one or more o f
the following: Knowledge of various items of stock in order to verify
content; selection of appropriate type and size of container; inserting
enclosures in container; using excelsior or other material to prevent
breakage or damage; closin g and sealing container; applying labels or
entering identifying data on container. Packers who also make wooden

boxes or crates are excluded .
SHIPPING AND RECEIVING CLERK
Prepares merchandise for shipment, or receives and is respon­
sible for incoming shipments of merchandise or other materials. Shipping
work involves: A knowledge of shipping procedures, practices, routes,
available means of transportation and rates; and preparing records of the
goods shipped, making up bills of lading, posting weight and shipping
charges, and keeping a file of shipping records. May direct or a ssist in
preparing the merchandise for shipment. Receiving work involves: Veri­
fying or directing others in verifying the correctness of shipments against
bills of lading, in voices, or other records; checking for shortages and
rejecting damaged goods; routing merchandise or materials to proper de­
partments; maintaining necessary records and file s.




For wage study purposes, truckdrivers are cla ssified by size
and type of equipment, as follow s: (Tractor-trailer should be rated on
the basis o f trailer capacity.)
T r u c k d r iv e r (co m b in a tio n o f s i z e s l i s t e d s e p a r a te ly )
T r u c k d r iv e r , lig h t (u n d e r lV i t o n s )

Truckdriver, medium (1% to and including 4 tons)
Truckdriver, heavy (over 4 tons, trailer type)
Truckdriver, heavy (over 4 tons, other than trailer type)
TRUCKER, POWER
Operates a manually controlled gasoline- or elec trie-powered
truck or tractor to transport goods and materials of all kinds about a
warehouse, manufacturing plant, or other establishment.
For wage study purposes, workers are cla ssifie d by type of
truck, as follow s:

Trucker, power (forklift)
Trucker, power (other than forklift)
WATCHMAN
Makes rounds of premises periodically in protecting property
against fire, theft, and illegal entry.
* U.S. GOVERNMENT P R IN TIN G OFFICE : 1962 0 — 654771

O R D ER

FO R M

To:
Superintendent of Documents
U. S. Government Printing Office
Washington 25, D. C.

or

Bureau of Labor Statistics
18 Oliver Street, Boston 10, Mass.
341 Ninth Avenue, New York 1, N. Y.
1371 Peachtree Street, NE. , Atlanta 9, Ga.
105 West Adams Street, Chicago 3, 111.
630 Sansome Street, San Francisco 11, Calif.

Enclosed find $ __________ in |
|check, |
1money order, or \
1 cash (cash at sender's risk).
Make
checks or money orders payable to the Superintendent of Documents.
(Twenty-five percent discount for bundle
order of 100 or m ore copies of any 1 bulletin.)
Please send me copies of Occupational Wage Survey bulletins as indicated.

No.
of
copies

No.
of
copies

♦Miami, Bull. 1285-33
♦♦Milwaukee, Bull. 1285-64
♦♦Minneapolis—St. Paul, Bull. 1285-39
♦Muskegon—Muskegon Heights, Bull. 1285-69
♦Newark and Jersey City, Bull. 1285-40
♦New Haven, Bull. 1285-46
♦♦New Orleans, Bull. 1285-48
♦♦New York, Bull. 1285-65

♦Akron, Bull. 1285-81
*Albany—Schenectady—'Troy, Bull. 1285-51
♦Albuquerque, Bull. 1285-61
*Allentown—Bethlehem—Easton, Bull. 1285-47
*Atlanta, Bull. 1285-73
♦Baltimore, Bull. 1285-34
♦Beaumont—Port Arthur, Bull. 1285-75
♦Birmingham, Bull. 1285-53

♦♦Norfolk—Portsmouth and Newport News—
Hampton, Bull. 1285-82
♦♦Oklahoma City, Bull. 1285-3
♦♦Omaha, Bull. 1285-13
♦Paterson—Clifton—Passaic, Bull. 1285-74
♦♦Philadelphia, Bull. 1285-24
♦Phoenix, Bull. 1285-55
♦♦Pittsburgh, Bull. 1285-44

♦Boise, Bull. 1285-62
♦♦Boston, Bull. 1285-15
♦♦Buffalo, Bull. 1285-31
* Burlington, Bull. 1285-57
* Canton, Bull. 1285-29
♦Charleston (W .Va.)} Bull. 1285-60
* Charlotte, Bull. 1285-58
♦♦Chattanooga, Bull. 1285-14

♦Des Moines, Bull. 1285-43
♦♦Detroit, Bull. 1285-37
♦♦Fort Worth, Bull. 1285-23
♦Green Bay, Bull. 1285-2
♦Greenville, Bull. 1285-63
♦Houston, Bull. 1285-78
* Indianapolis, Bull. 1285-28
♦Jackson, Bull. 1285-42

♦Portland (Maine), Bull. 1285-19
♦Portland (Creg. ), Bull. 1285-72
♦♦Providence—Pawtucket, Bull. 1285-70
♦♦Raleigh, Bull. 1285-5
♦Richmond, Bull. 1285-26
♦Rockford, Bull. 1285-68
♦♦St. Louis, Bull. 1285-10
♦♦Salt Lake City, Bull. 1285-32
♦♦San Antonio, Bull. 1285-71
♦San Bernardino—River side—Ontario, Bull. 1285-4
♦♦San Francisco—Oakland, Bull. 1285-36
♦Savannah, Bull. 1285-76
♦♦Scranton, Bull. 1285-8
♦♦Seattle, Bull. 1285-7
♦♦♦Sioux Falls, Bull. 1285-17
♦South Bend, Bull. 1285-54
♦♦Spokane, Bull. 1285-77

♦♦Jacksonville, Bull. 1285-30
♦Kansas City, Bull. 1285-18
♦Lawrence—Haverhill, Bull. 1285-79
♦♦Little Rock—North Little Rock, Bull. 1285-6
♦♦Los Angeles—Long Beach, Bull. 1285-52
♦♦Louisville, Bull. 1285-49
♦Lubbock, Bull. 1285-67
♦Manchester, Bull. 1285-1
♦Memphis, Bull. 1285-35

♦♦Toledo, Bull. 1285-50
♦♦Trenton, Bull. 1285-25
♦♦Washington, Bull. 1285-22
♦♦♦Waterbury, Bull. 1285-56
♦Waterloo, Bull. 1285-20
♦♦Wichita, Bull. 1285-9
♦♦Wilmington, Bull. 1285-12
♦Worcester, Bull. 1285-80
♦York, Bull. 1285-45

♦♦Chicago, Bull. 1285-66
* Cincinnati, Bull. 1285-59
♦♦Cleveland, Bull. 1285-11
♦♦Columbus, Bull. 1285-38
♦♦Dallas, Bull. 1285-21
♦♦Davenport—Rock Island—Moline, Bull. 1285-16
* Dayton, Bull. 1285-41
♦Denver, Bull. 1285-27

Price—

* 20 cents;

♦♦ 25 cents; ♦♦♦ 15 cents

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