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Wages and Related Benefits 20 LABORMARKETS 1 9 5 8 -5 9 Earnings Trends Intercity Com parisons Occupational Earnings Supplem entary Practices B u lle tin N o . 1 2 4 0 - 2 2 UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF LABOR James P. Mitchell, Secretary BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS Ewan Clague, Commissioner W a g e s and R elated B e n efits 20 LABOR M ARKETS 1 9 5 8 -5 9 # E a r n in g s T re n d s # In te rc ity C o m p a r is o n s # O c c u p a t io n a l E a r n in g s # S u p p le m e n t a r y P ra c tice s Bulletin No. 1240-22 November 1959 UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF LABOR James P. Mitchell, Secretary BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS Ewan Clague, Commissioner ☆ For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington 25, D.G. Price 50 cents Contents Preface Page The Community Wage Survey Program The Bureau of Labor Statistics regularly conducts area wide wage surveys in a number of important industrial centers. The studies, made from late fall to early spring, provide data on occupational earnings and related supplementary benefits. A preliminary report is available on completion of the study in each area, usually in the month following the payroll period studied. The preliminary report is supplied free of charge. This is followed within 2 months by an area summary bulletin (for sale) that provides additional data not included in the ear lier report. These include: Introduction--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Industrial composition of the 20 a r e a s ----------------------------------Comparability of area data--------------------------------------------------------- 2 Trends of occupational earnings, 1953-59 ____________________— 7 Movement of wages, all industries, 1958-59 -----------------------7 7 Movement of wages, all industries, 1953-59 ________________ Movement of wages, manufacturing_________________________ 8 Coverage and method of computing the indexes______________ 8 Limitations of the d a ta _______________________________________ 8 Wage differences among labor markets _________________________ 17 Method of computing area relatives _________________________ 17 Interarea comparisons _______________________________________ 17 Job groups ----------------------------------------------------------------------------17 Industry groups --------------------------------------------------------------------18 Occupational earnings ___________________________________________ 20 Office occupations_____________________________________________ 20 Professional and technical occupations _____________________ 20 Plant occupations -------------------------------------------------------------------20 Pay variations in occupational earnings _____________________ 20 Differences in pay rates for men and women ___________________ 37 Establishment practices and supplementary wage provisions ---------------------------------------------------------------------------46 Introduction_____________________________________________________ 46 Minimum entrance rates for women office workers_________ 46 Trend of scheduled workweeks_______________________________ 46 Trend of late-shift pay differentials 46 (manufacturing)-------------Trend of paid holidays _______________________________________ 49 49 Trend of vacation p a y ________________________________________ More pay for comparable service ________________________ 49 Higher maximums ___________________________________________ 49 Trend of health, insurance, and pension p la n s ----------------------52 For each occupation—areawide and selected industry-group average earnings and employ ment and distributions of workers by earnings intervals. For each related "fringe” benefit and sup plementary wage practice— selective distribu tions of frequency of the practice and service requirements (where pertinent) by areawide and industry-group proportions of office and plant workers to whom applicable. A scope table— showing the number of e s tablishments in scope, the number studied, and corresponding office and plant worker em ployment, in the area and industry groups, as defined. This consolidated bulletin summarizes and analyzes the results of the individual area bulletins for the surveys made during late 1958 and early 1959. A list of the bulletins for the areas surveyed appears on the last page. I 1 Charts: 1. 2. iii Relative employment in 6 industry divisions, 20 labor m ark ets_______________________________________ Relative employment in selected manufacturing industry divisions, 20 labor m a r k e ts________________ 3 4 Contents — Continued Contents—- Continued Page Page Tables:— Continued Tables: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. A: B: Wage indexes, office and plant— all industries and manufacturing ______________________________________ Percent increases, office and plant— all industries and manufacturing---------------------------------------Interarea pay comparisons, office workers -----------------Interarea pay comparisons, plant workers _____________ Pay comparisons by sex, office workers _______________ Pay comparisons by sex, plant workers __._____________ Establishment differences in earnings of men and women office workers _____________________________ Establishment differences in earnings of men and women plant workers ______________________________ Median entrance rates ___________________________________ Trend of scheduled weekly hours _______________________ Trend of shift differentials (manufacturing) ____________ Trend of paid holidays ___________________________________ Trend of vacation p a y ____________________________________ Trend of health, insurance, and pension plans ________ 45 47 47 48 48 50 51 Occupational earnings Average weekly earnings for selected office occupations— A - 1. All industries ________________________________ A -2 . Manufacturing ________________________________ A -3 . Nonmanufacturing ___________________________ A -4 . Public utilities _______________________________ A - 5. Wholesale trade _____________________________ A - 6. Retail trade __________________________________ A - 7. Finance ---------------------------------------------------------A -8 . Services _____________________________________ 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 Average hourly earnings for selected plant occupations— A -9 . All industries ________________________________ A - 10. Manufacturing ________________________________ A - 11. Nonmanufacturing ___________________________ A - 12. Public utilities _______________________________ A - 13. Wholesale tra d e______________________________ A - 14. Retail trade __________________________________ A - 15. Finance ______________________________________ A - 16. Services ______________________________________ 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 36 Establishment practices and supplementary wage provisions Minimum entrance rates for women office workers— B - 1. All industries ________________________________ B -2 . Manufacturing ________________________________ 53 54 Scheduled B -3 . B -4 . B -5 . B - 6. B -7 . B -8 . B -9 . 9 13 19 19 39 43 45 iv weekly hours— All industries ---------------------------------------------------------Manufacturing ______________________________________ Public utilities _____________________________________ Wholesale trade ____________________________________ Retail trade ________________________________________ Finance _____________________________________________ Services ____________________________________________ 55 55 56 56 57 57 58 Shift differentials, manufacturing— B -10. Provisions __________________________________________ B - l l . Practices ___________________________________________ 59 60 Paid holidays— B - 12. All industries ______________________________________ B - 12a. Paid holiday time— all industries _________________ B - 13. Manufacturing______________________________________ B - 14. Public utilities _____________________________________ 3 -1 5 . Wholesale trade ____________________________________ B - 16. Retail trade _________________________________________ B - 17. Finance _____________________________________________ B - 1 8 . Services ____________________________________________ 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 Paid vacations— B - 19• All industries----------------------------------------------------------B -2 0. Manufacturing _____________________________________ B -2 1. Public utilities -------------------------------------------------------B -2 2. Wholesale trade ____________________________________ B -2 3 . Retail trade ________________________________________ B -24. Finance _____________________________________________ B -2 5. Services ------------------------------------------------------------------ 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 Health, insurance, and pension plans— B -2 6. All industries ______________________________________ B -2 7. Manufacturing _____________________________________ B -2 8. Public utilities _____________________________________ B -2 9. Wholesale trade ____________________________________ B -3 0 . Retail trade ________________________________________ B -31. Finance __________ «._________________________________ B -3 2. Services ____________________________________________ 76 77 78 79 80 81 81 Appendixes: A. Scope and method of su rvey_______________________________ B. Occupational descriptions _________________________________ 82 87 W a g e s and Related Benefits, 20 Labor Markets, 1958-59 1 Introduction The Bureau of Labor Statistics conducted surveys of occupa tional earnings and related practices in 20 important labor market areas during late 1958 and early 1959. 2 These studies were part of a continuing program designed to meet a variety of governmental and nongovernmental needs for information on occupational earnings, e s tablishment practices, and related wage provisions. Occupations common to a variety of manufacturing and nonmanufacturing indus tries are studied on a communitywide basis in selected areas. The area surveys provide earnings data for the following types of occu pations: (a) Office clerical; (b) professional and technical; (c) main tenance and powerplant; and (d) custodial and material movement. Data are also collected and summarized on shift operations and dif ferentials, weekly work schedules, and supplementary wage benefits such as paid vacations and paid holidays. These data, presented in detail in the individual area bulletins, are summarized and analyzed in this bulletin.4 Each of the detailed area bulletins presents areawide infor mation combining data for six major industry groupings.5 Separate data for each industry group are provided where feasible, depending largely on the relative size and importance of the industry group within 1 Prepared by Otto Hollberg and Alexander N. Jarrell of the Division of Wages and Industrial Relations of the Bureau of Labor Statistics. Area studies were supervised by the Bureau's Regional Wage and Industrial Relations Analysts. 2 Since 1948, the Bureau has conducted 1 or more areawide surveys in 51 labor markets. The earliest surveys covered office workers only. Surveys covering both office and plant workers were conducted in 40 areas in late 1951 and early 1952; in 20 areas in 1952-53; in 17 areas in each of the following 4 years; and in 19 areas in 1957-58. Special surveys were also conducted in Lawrence, M ass., in February 1956 and May 1959. A listing of area reports issued pre viously, including items covered, is available in Directory of Com munity Wage Surveys; copies are available upon request from the U .S. Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics, Washington 25, D .C ., or from any of its five regional offices. 3 Beginning with surveys conducted in the winter of 1956-57, data on establishment practices and supplementary wage provisions in some areas are collected only biennially. See footnote 18, p. 46. 4 See listing of occupational wage survey bulletins on last page. 5 See note at bottom of table in appendix A relating to the adoption of the revised Standard Industrial Classification system. a given area. Thus, the sampling techniques permitted computation of separate data for manufacturing and public utilities in each of the 20 areas; retail trade in 15; finance in 13; wholesale trade in 12; and services in 6. The establishments within the scope of the surveys in the 20 areas provided employment to an estimated 73/4 million workers. Industrial Composition of the 20 Areas The 20 areas covered by this report had a combined popu lation of about 39 million in 1950 more than a fourth of the Nation's total. Eighteen States were represented, permitting some examina tion of interregional as well as intraregional variations in pay levels and associated practices. At the time of the latest study, the largest area labor force (New York City proper) was more than 20 times the size of that in the smallest area (Memphis), and from 10 to 14 times as large as that in either Atlanta, Dallas, Denver, New Orleans, Portland (O reg.), or Seattle. The 4 largest areas studied— Chicago, Detroit, Los AngelesLong Beach, and New York City— accounted for more than half of both the manufacturing and the nonmanufacturing employment in the 20 areas combined. The individual industry divisions had about the same relative importance in the 20 areas as a group as in the Nation as a whole (chart 1). Among the 20 areas, the industrial composition of the in dividual areas varied substantially. In each of the areas, Detroit, Buffalo, Milwaukee, and Newark Jersey City, more workers were employed in manufacturing industries than in all nonmanufacturing industry groups combined. (See chart 1 .) More than 40 percent of the labor force in five other areas was em ployed in manufacturing. On the other hand, manufacturing industries employed fewer than a third of the workers in Memphis, Portland (O reg.), Dallas, San Francisco-Oakland, Denver, and New Orleans; and in these areas, the proportion of the labor force engaged in trade was greater than that engaged in manufacturing. Similar employment variations were evident among the com ponents of the broad industry divisions. Thus, marked differences among the areas are shown in relative employment in the various 2 industry groups within the manufacturing division (chart 2). The group of related industries with the largest segment of the manufacturing labor force in 11 of the 20 areas was made up of metals and metal working firm s. The strongest concentrations of employment in these manufacturing industries, ranging from 50 to 82 percent, were found in Detroit, Seattle, Milwaukee, Buffalo, Los Angeles-Long Beach, Baltimore, Chicago, and Dallas. Those areas showing the weakest concentration in the metal industries (less than 30 percent) were Den ver, New Orleans, Memphis, and New York City. The latter area showed a larger proportion of employment in the textiles and apparel industries than in the metal and metal products industries. Comparability of Area Data Areawide (all industries) estimates of wage levels and related practices were affected to some extent by the industrial composition of the area. The proportion of employment accounted for, both by the respective broad industry divisions and their subgroups, varied considerably among areas. The estimates must, therefore, be viewed in terms of these interarea differences. In a few areas, additional limitations on area-to-area comparisons arose from incomplete cov erage of certain industries; these are indicated in the footnotes to the table in appendix A on pages 84 and 85. 3 C hart 1. RELATIVE EMPLOYMENT IN 6 INDUSTRY DIVISIONS 2 0 LABOR M ARKETS PERCEN T 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 UNITED STATES 2 0 AREAS COMBINED Detroit B u ffalo M ilwaukee N ew a rk -J e rse y City St. Louis C h icago Philadelphia Baltimore Los A n g eles-L on g Beach Boston M inneapolis-St. Paul Seattle N ew York City Atlanta Memphis Portland (O reg .) Dallas San F rancisco-O akland Denver N ew O rleans M anu factu rin g UN ITED STATES D E P A R T M E N T O F BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS LA BO R C o n s t ru c ti o n , F in a n c e , P ub lic U t il it ie s , a n d S e r v i c e s S ource: C o u n t y B u s in e s s Patterns. w m 1957; Trade U .S . D e p a r t m e n t o f C o m m e r c e . 4 Chart 2. RELATIVE EMPLOYMENT IN SELECTED MANUFACTURING INDUSTRY DIVISIONS 2 0 LABOR M ARKETS PERCEN T 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 UNITED STATES 2 0 AREAS COMBINED D etroit Seattle M ilw aukee B uffalo Los A n geles-L on g Beach Baltimore C h icago Dallas St. Louis N ew a rk -J ersey City Atlanta M inneapolis-St. Paul San F rancisco-O akland Boston Philadelphia Portland (O r e g .) Denver N ew O rleans Memphis N ew York City ■ ■ ■ H M e ta ls a n d M e t a l Products U N IT E D STATES D E P A R T M E N T BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS OF LA BO R IBRJQOQj M a n u f a c t u r i n g O t h e r T h a n M e t a l s , M e ta l P ro d u c ts, Textile s, a n d A p p a r e l S ource: C o u n t y B u s in e s s Patterns, T extiles a n d Apparel 1 9 5 7 ; U .S . D e p a r t m e n t o f C o m m e r c e . 90 100 5 As in earlier years, improvements in occupational wage rates and wage supplements were reflected in the studies conducted in 20 major labor markets by the Bureau during the winter of 1958-59. Of the 20 areas, 18 also were surveyed a year earlier and provide earnings comparisons for 4 selected skill-occupational group ings. Median area increases in earnings during the year ranged from 3. 5 percent for women office workers to 4. 7 percent for unskilled men plant workers. Earnings of women industrial nurses and skilled maintenance men increased 4 .2 and 4. 5 percent, respectively. During the 6-year period, 1953 to 1959, median area average annual increases were as follows: Women office workers, 4 .4 percent; women indus trial nurses, 5.1 percent; skilled maintenance men, 4 .7 percent; and unskilled men plant workers, 4. 8 percent. Workers in the larger West Coast and North Central areas were generally the highest paid among the 20 areas. Earnings of office and plant workers tended to be higher in manufacturing than in nonmanufacturing industries. Men earned more than women in similar jobs but a recent analysis of available data shows that differences between their earnings were greatly reduced when comparisons were limited to establishments employing both sexes in the jobs studied. Wage differences between the highest and lowest pay areas were greater for unskilled plant workers than for skilled maintenance and office workers. The wage differences were greater for office workers in manufacturing than in nonmanufacturingj whereas the dif fe r e n c e s fo r s k ille d m a in te n a n c e and c u s to d ia l w orkers w ere g r e a te r in nonmanufacturing. Differentials for the material movement group were about the same in the two broad industry divisions. Data were collected on establishment practices and supple mentary wage provisions in only 11 of the 20 areas studied in the winter of 1958-59. 6 Most establishments visited in these areas re ported formally established salaries for hiring inexperienced women for office clerical work. Median establishment rates for hiring inex perienced typists ranged from $45 a week in Boston to $59 in Los Angeles-Long Beach. Established rates were not only more common in manufacturing than in nonmanufacturing, but most such hiring sala ries were higher in manufacturing offices than in the combined non manufacturing industries. Virtually all office workers in the 11 areas had workweeks of 40 hours or less. Weekly schedules of less than 40 hours were most common in areas in the Northeast, where they applied to two-thirds or more of the office workers in most areas. Higher proportions of office workers at fewer than 40 hours were found in finance than in any of the other five major industry groups. More than 90 percent of the plant workers in most areas had weekly schedules of 40 or fewer hours. Workweeks of more than 40 hours were generally more prevalent in retail trade than in other industries. Three-fourths or more of the manufacturing plant workers in all areas, other than Dallas and New York City, were employed in firms that had premium pay provisions for late-shift work. Centsper-hour premiums over first-shift rates were more common than percentage premiums for both second- and third-shift work in most of the areas. The proportion of manufacturing plant workers actually working on late shifts at the time of the study ranged from 12 percent in Boston to 31 percent in Seattle. Six or more paid holidays (including half-day holidays) were provided to virtually all office workers in each area except Dallas, and to 90 percent or more of the plant workers in these areas. Up ward of 96 percent of the plant workers in all areas except two re ceived one or more paid holidays. In manufacturing eight or more paid holidays (or the equivalent) were given to about three out of every five factory workers in Boston, New York City, San Francisco-Oakland, and Seattle; seven or more were received by at least four out of every five in all but two areas— Dallas and Chicago (table B-13). One week's vacation pay was provided to virtually all office and plant workers in the 11 areas on completion of a service quali fying period of 6 months for most office workers and 1 year for most plant workers. The great majority of office workers could become eligible for as much as 2 weeks' vacation pay after working 2 years with the same employer, and most plant workers could qualify for such pay after 3 to 5 years. In most of the 11 areas, paid vacations of 2 or more weeks were available to virtually all office workers; 3 or more weeks' pay was available to about 90 percent, with qualifying length-of-service requirements that ranged from a year in some establishments to as many as 25 years in others. Four or more weeks' pay was available to about 30 to 45 percent of office workers, but the proportion was 20 percent in Detroit and the three western areas. These respective pay amounts, particularly 4 weeks' pay or more, were available to generally smaller proportions of the plant workers. Moreover, fewer years of service were required of office workers than plant workers to qualify for the same pay, in virtually all areas. 6 Comments in the remaining sections of this summary are Two weeks' pay was the maximum available for 5 to 10 per based on these 11 areas. Analysis of changes in supplementary wage cent of the office and for 10 to 20 percent of the plant workers in provisions since 1953, based on a constant list of 18 areas, appears the 11 areas. Three weeks' pay was the maximum attainable vaca in the section beginning on p. 46. tion pay of most of the workers in most areas. However, 4 weeks' 6 pay could be achieved by about 20 to 40 percent of the office and 15 to 30 percent of the plant workers, for most of whom the service re quirement was 25 years. Part or all of the cost of one or more types of employee health, insurance, or pension plans was paid by employers of virtually all office and plant workers. On this basis in the 11 areas studied in the winter of 1958-59, life insurance was available to proportions of office workers ranging from 92 percent (Boston) to 98 percent (Los Angeles-Long Beach); 95 percent—the median-area percentage of office workers covered was found in Buffalo, Chicago, and San Francisco Oakland. The corresponding median-area proportion of plant workers covered by life insurance was 92 percent (Buffalo and Chicago). Median-area proportions of workers to whom other types of health and insurance plans were available were somewhat lower than for life insurance. For office and plant workers, respectively, these were as follows: Hospitalization, 83 and 88 percent; surgical, 82 and 87 percent; sickness pay, 81 and 88 percent; medical, 56 and 58 per cent; catastrophe, 35 and 8 percent; and retirement pension, 82 and 70 percent. Provisions for employee illness, either in the form of paid sick leave or insurance benefits, applied to 81 percent of the office workers, and to 88 percent of the plant workers in their re spective median areas. The office and plant workers' coverage in their respective median areas was: Sickness and accident insurance, 3 6 and 74 percent; paid sick leave with full pay and no waiting period, 61 and 12 percent; and paid sick leave with partial pay or a waiting period, 7 and 11 percent. 7 Trends of Occupational Earnings, 1953-59 Movement of Wages, All Industries, 1958-59 Average pay levels of women industrial nurses, skilled men maintenance workers, and unskilled men plant workers increased 4 .2 , 4 .5 , and 4 .7 percent, respectively, between the 1958 and 1959 studies.7 Weekly salaries of women office workers increased 3. 5 per cent during this period (table 2). Increases for each of the four job groups were less than those granted between the 1957 and 1958 studies. In 11 areas® which were studied in all 3 years, median area increases for the four groups in these 11 areas were as follows: Percent increase— Women office w orkers------------------Women industrial n u r s e s -------------Men skilled maintenance workers --------------------------------------Men unskilled plant workers --------------------------------------- 1957-58 1958-59 4 .3 5 .1 3 .4 3 .7 5 .3 4 .6 5 .2 4 .9 In the 18 areas studied in both 1958 and 1959, increases in earnings ranged as follows: Women office workers, from 2 .7 per cent in New Orleans to 5.3 percent in Boston; women industrial nurses, from 1 .9 percent in Denver to 6. 3 percent in Portland; skilled main tenance men, from 2 .3 percent in Memphis to 6.1 percent in Dallas; and unskilled men plant workers, from 0 .9 percent in Memphis to 7. 1 percent in Boston. Movement of Wages, All Industries, 1953-59 Over the 6-year period between 1953 and 1959, median in creases in all-industry average earnings for workers in the 4 occu pational groups considered, ranged from 29.3 percent for women 7 Percentage increases are median area increases in 18 of the 20 areas studied in 1959* Buffalo and Detroit were not surveyed in 1958. Years shown refer to fiscal years ending June 30, during which studies were conducted. Studies are not conducted during the same month in all areas. For example, the 1959 study includes areas with payroll periods varying from August 1958 to May 1959. However, the interim between studies is usually 12 months in each of the areas. The time interval between surveys in each area is shown in table 2. 8 These areas include Boston, New York City, Philadelphia, Atlanta, Dallas, Memphis, Chicago, Minneapolis-St. Paul, Los AngelesLong Beach, Portland, and San Francisco-Oakland. office workers to 33.9 percent for industrial nurses in the 17 areas which were studied in both 1953 and 1959.9 Earnings of skilled main tenance and unskilled plant groups increased 32.5 and 32.4 percent, respectively (table 1). Percentage increases in earnings levels during the 6-year period varied substantially among areas. Increases for women office workers, for example^ ranged from 25 percent in Memphis to 34.2 percent in Baltimore. The greatest interarea variation in increases for the same job group was for unskilled plant workers, 28.2 percent in Boston to 45. 1 percent in Denver. As pointed out in footnote 9, the length of the "6-year period" varied among areas. This variation can be corrected by computing the average annual (12-month) rate of increase for each of the four groups. Annual average increases in the salaries of women office workers ranged from 3. 8 percent in Memphis to 5.3 percent in Detroit. Earnings of women industrial nurses and skilled maintenance men increased at the rate of 6. 9 percent a year in New Orleans compared with a low of 4 percent for nurses in Dallas and 4. 1 percent for skilled maintenance men in New York City. Increases for men unskilled plant workers ranged from an annual average of 4.1 percent in Portland to 6.4 percent in Baltimore. Me dian-area average increases per year for the four groups were as follows: Women office workers, 4 .4 percent; women industrial nurses, 5. 1 percent; skilled maintenance men, 4 . 7 percent; and unskilled men plant workers, 4. c percent. Philadelphia registered the least variation in increases granted among the four groups within a single labor market. The average annual increase for nurses in Philadelphia was 5 percent— 0 .2 per cent higher than that for skilled maintenance men in that area. New Orleans had the greatest variation in annual increases between groups. In this area, earnings of industrial nurses and skilled maintenance men increased 6. 9 percent a year compared with an increase of 4 .7 percenc for women office workers. The highest percentage increases in earnings were not nec essarily the highest increases in terms of cents per hour. For ex ample, from 1953 to 1959, earnings of unskilled plant workers rose 37.1 percent in Atlanta and 33.4 percent in San Francisco-Oakland. These percentage increases were equivalent to about 3 9 cents in Atlanta and 54 cents in San Francisco-Oakland. Thus, even though the percentage differential in earnings for unskilled workers in these areas narrowed during this period, the cents-per-hcur differential increased. 9 The "6-year period" covered 65 months in Buffalo, 67 in Boston, 79 in Portland, and 70, 72, 73, or 74 months in the other 14 areas. See table 1 for the time intervals in each area. 8 Among the 17 areas which were studied in both 1953 and 1959, percentage differences between earnings of the skilled maintenance men and unskilled men plant worker groups varied from an increase of nearly 4 percent in Portland, to a decrease of 8 percent in Atlanta. Differentials between the skilled and unskilled groups narrowed in nine areas and increased in eight areas. Cents-per-hour differences, however, increased in all areas over this period. Movement of Wages, Manufacturing On the whole, differences between the increases for manu facturing and those for all industries combined were relatively slight. In a majority of cases, where comparisons were possible the differ ence in the amount of increase over the 6 years between manufacturing and all industries was less than 2 percentage points. Part of this similarity in wage movement was due to the importance of manufac turing in the all industries classification. For example, most of the industrial nurses and nearly all of the skilled maintenance workers except automotive mechanics were employed in manufacturing indus tries. The greatest difference between the increase in manufacturing and the increase for all industries was for industrial nurses in New York City. Their earnings increased 31 percent in all industries, compared with 4 0 .6 percent in manufacturing. New York City was the only area in which more than half of the industrial nurses were em ployed in nonmanufacturing industries. Coverage and Method of Computing the Indexes The indexes for office clerical workers and industrial nurses relate to average weekly salaries for normal hours of work; that is, the standard work schedule for which straight-time salaries are paid. For plant worker groups, they measure changes in straight-time hourly earnings, excluding premium pay for overtime and for work on weekends, holidays, and late shifts. The indexes are based on data for selected key occupations and include most of the numerically im portant jobs within each group. The office clerical data are based on women in the following 18 jobs: Billers, machine (billing machine); bookkeeping-machine operators, class A and B; Comptometer opera tors; clerks, file, class A and B; clerks, order; clerks, payroll; key-punch operators; office girls; secretaries; stenographers, general; switchboard operators; switchboard operator-receptionists; tabulating machine operators; transcribing-machine operators, general; and typists, class A and B. The industrial nurse data are based on women industrial nurses. Men in the following 10 skilled maintenance jobs and 3 unskilled jobs were included in the plant worker data: Skilled— carpenters, electricians, machinists, mechanics, automotive me chanics, millwrights, painters, pipefitters, sheet-metal workers, and tool and die makers; unskilled— janitors, porters, and cleaners; ma terial handling laborers; and watchmen. Nearly a third of the office employees in all industries within the scope of the surveys were employed in the 18 occupations used in constructing the office workers' index. Less than a tenth of all plant workers, the majority of whom were unskilled, were employed in the 13 occupations used in computing the indexes for skilled and unskilled workers. These jobs were not necessarily representative of produc tion workers more directly connected with the actual manufacturing, processing, or of servicing jobs which vary widely among plants and industries. A large majority of the skilled maintenance workers covered by the index was employed in manufacturing establishments, whereas the unskilled workers were about evenly divided between manufacturing and nonmanufacturing. A large proportion of the office workers were employed in nonmanufacturing industries. Average weekly salaries or average hourly earnings were computed for each of the selected occupations. The average salaries or hourly earnings were multiplied by the average employment in 1953 and 1954 in each job in each area. These weighted earnings for individual occupations were totaled to obtain an aggregate for each occupational group. Finally, the ratio of these group aggregates for a given year to the aggregate for the base period (survey month, winter 1952-53) was computed and the result multiplied by the base year index (100) to get the index for the given year. Adjustments have been made where necessary to maintain comparability. For example, in 1959, the new (1957) edition of the Standard Industrial Classification Manual was adopted in these surveys introducing certain changes in the classification of establishments by industry, e. g., the transfer of milk dealers from trade to manufac turing. Two aggregates were computed for 1959— one included milk dealers in manufacturing and the other excluded them. The latter aggregate was comparable to the 1958 figures and was used in com puting the index for 1959* The other aggregate will be employed in making comparisons with I960 figures. Limitations of the Data The indexes measure, principally, the effects of (1) general salary and wage changes; (2) merit or other increases in pay received by individual workers while in the same job; and (3) changes in the labor force such as labor turnover, force expansions, force reduc tions, and changes in the proportion of workers employed by estab lishments with different pay levels. Changes in the labor force can effect increases or decreases in the occupational averages without actual wage changes. For example, a force expansion might increase the proportion of lower paid workers in a specific occupation and re sult in a drop in the average, whereas a reduction in the proportion of lower paid workers would have the opposite effect. The movement of a high paying establishment out of an area could cause the average earnings to drop, even though no change in rates occurred in other area establishments. The use of constant employment weights eliminates the effects of changes in the proportion of workers represented in each job in cluded in the data. Nor are the indexes affected by changes in stand ard work schedules or in premium pay for overtime, since they are based on pay for straight-time hours. 9 Table 1. W a g e indexes , office and p la n t-a ll industries and manufacturing (indexes o f average w eekly earnings or average hourly earnings for s elected occupational groups studied in 6 broad industry divisions in 17 labor m arkets, 2 1954-593) (1953 = 100) N ortheast B o s to n N ew ark J e r s e y C ity B u ffa lo O c c u p a tio n a l g r o u p T im e in te r v a l (m o n th s) W o m e n o f f ic e w o r k e r s : — 1954 _ ___ ' „ _ 1955 _ ___ ___ _____________ 1956 __________________________ _________________________ 1957 1958 _________________________ 1 9 5 9 ----------------------------------------- A ll in d u s tr ie s M anu fa c tu r in g 17 41 A ll in d u s t r ie s 105. 3 115.2 M anu fa c tu r in g 106.3 116.7 T im e in te r v a l (m o n th s) A ll in d u s tr ie s M anu fa c tu r in g T im e in te r v a l (m o n th s ) A ll in d u s tr ie s P h ila d e lp h ia M anu fa c tu r in g T im e in te r v a l (m o n th s ) A ll in d u s tr ie s M anu fa c tu r in g 132.3 13 25 37 61 73 105. 7 109.8 114.0 125.0 129.3 105.9 109.8 113.9 126.2 132.0 12 25 38 50 62 74 104.3 108.0 114.3 120.3 124.5 128.2 105.2 110.2 116.0 122.8 126.4 130.9 12 25 37 49 60 73 107. 1 110.8 114.6 122.0 129.0 134. 1 106.6 111.6 114.6 120.4 127.9 133.3 107.9 117. 1 (4) 131.4 107.8 117.7 ( 4) 131.9 13 25 37 61 73 105.2 109.7 111.2 126.1 132. 1 105.2 109.7 111.2 126. 1 132.1 12 25 38 50 62 74 104.2 109.9 115.5 121.1 126.8 131.0 108.0 115.9 121.7 127. 5 134. 1 140.6 12 25 37 49 60 73 107. 1 110.3 115.1 122.2 130.2 134.9 107.9 111.0 116.5 123.6 130. 7 133.9 17 41 ( 4) 65 106.7 119.5 ( 4) 131.3 106.7 119.5 ( 4) 131.0 13 25 37 _ 61 73 105.6 109.5 115.4 127.4 132.3 105.5 109.4 115.7 127.6 132.2 12 25 38 50 62 74 104. 5 109.7 113.4 117.7 122.7 128. 1 105.2 109.6 113.2 119.4 124. 1 130.0 12 25 37 49 60 73 107.2 111.9 116.4 122.5 128.8 132.9 107.2 111.4 115.7 122.0 128.2 132.3 17 41 ( 4) 65 107.6 118.2 ( 4) 132.4 107.8 118.9 (4) 132.7 13 25 37 61 73 107. 1 111.5 118.2 128.4 134.9 107.8 112.3 120. 1 132.2 139.6 12 25 38 50 62 74 105.4 108. 1 113. 5 119.6 125. 1 130.4 106.3 110.3 114. 5 123. 1 129.8 134.8 12 25 37 49 60 73 104.5 109.0 115.5 120.9 128. 1 134.5 103. 3 107.9 113.9 119.0 125.9 132. 1 12 25 42 54 67 105.2 108.3 117.0 123.8 130.3 104.4 106.8 114.6 121.6 127.4 (4) ( 4) 65 128.6 12 25 42 54 67 106.5 108.1 117.7 123.4 130.6 107.2 108.0 117.6 122.4 130.4 17 41 ( 4) 65 12 25 42 54 67 105.3 107.2 116.4 122.5 129.1 105.6 107.6 117.1 123.5 130.1 12 25 42 54 67 105. 1 107.6 114.4 119.7 128.2 105.5 108.8 114.2 119.4 128.8 In d u s t r ia l n u r s e s (women): — rcsi — . __ ___ 1955 ______________ _ . _ 1956 ______ _____ _ _ _ _ 1957 _ _ __ 1958 __________________________ 1959 __ ___________________ T im e in te r v a l (m o n th s) N ew Y o r k C ity (4) S k ille d m a in te n a n c e tr a d e s (m e n ): 1 $4 1955 1956 1957 1958 1959 ______________________ ___ __ _ ___ ___ ____ ___________________________ ____ _ _ _____ _ __ _ _ ___ ----------------------------------------- U n s k ille d plant w o r k e r s (m e n ): — TT54— ___ 1955 __ ____ __ _ 1956 1957 __________________________ __________ 1958 ___ _ _ See footnotes at end o f table. 10 Table 1. W a g e indexes, office and p lan t-all industries and m anufacturing-Continued (indexes o f average w eekly earnings or average hourly earnings 1 for s e le cte d occupational groups studied in 6 broad industry divisions in 17 labor m arkets, 2 1954-59 3) (1953 = 100) South A t la n ta B a ltifn o r e D a lla s M e m p h is O c c u p a tio n a l g r o u p T im e in te r v a l (m o n th s ) A ll in d u s tr ie s M anu fa c tu r in g T im e in te r v a l (m o n th s) A ll in d u s tr ie s M anu fa c tu r in g T im e in te r v a l (m o n th s) A ll in d u s t r ie s M anufa c tu r in g T im e in te r v a l (m o n th s ) A ll in d u s tr ie s M anu fa c tu r in g W o m e n o f f ic e w o r k e r s : 1954 1955 1956 1957 1958 1959 ______________ _____________ ___________________________ .................................................. ___________________________ .................... .. ........................... ............................................ 12 24 37 49 62 74 103.0 105.2 111.8 115.6 122. 1 126.9 103.8 105.8 110. 5 116.0 123.9 127.0 30 58 70 112.9 129.7 134.2 114.2 132. 1 139.2 13 25 38 50 62 74 105.6 110.9 115.3 122.0 127. 3 131.6 103. 3 108.4 112.7 118.9 124.4 127.5 12 25 37 49 60 72 104. 1 106.2 113.2 118.0 120.8 125.0 102.3 106.2 110. 7 117.0 122.3 124.4 12 24 37 49 62 74 105.3 109.9 119.8 124.4 131.3 137.4 (5) 108.9 118.5 124.4 131.9 138.5 30 58 70 117.2 132.8 139. 1 116.9 133.8 140.8 13 25 38 50 62 74 9 9 .2 106.8 109.8 117.4 122.7 127.3 9 7 .0 106.7 108. 1 116. 3 122.2 125.9 12 25 37 49 60 72 106. 7 114. 3 121.0 126. 1 130.3 134.5 ( 5) ( 5) ( 5) ( 5) ( 5) ( 5) 12 24 37 49 62 74 105. 3 108. 3 114. 1 119. 1 126.4 131.5 104.9 108.2 113.6 118.0 126.0 130. 3 30 115.7 116.7 13 25 38 50 62 74 105.9 109.9 115.0 119.4 124.2 131.8 107.0 110.7 114.6 119.3 124. 5 129.5 12 25 37 49 60 72 103. 5 106.5 115.2 121.4 129.0 131.9 101.6 103.9 113.2 118.5 124.8 127. 3 12 24 37 49 62 74 105.9 107.9 122.6 128.6 135.7 137. 1 104.9 106.7 118.9 126.7 136.0 138.8 13 25 38 50 62 74 103.6 107. 1 112. 1 116.6 123.5 130.6 109.5 113.8 115.0 121.5 126.9 130.5 12 25 37 49 60 72 105.2 108.8 117.2 125.6 131.2 132.4 103.4 107.7 111.6 119.7 126.7 128.0 I n d u s t r ia l n u r s e s (w o m e n ): -----1954 _ __ . ____ _________ 1955 _ ........................ ’1956 .................................................. 1957 _____________________ _ __ 1958 ___ _ ___ ___ _____ 1959 ............................................... S k ille d m a in te n a n c e t r a d e s (m e n ): — pres— : ~~ ____ __ 1955 ______________ _________ 1956 ___________________________ 1957 ___________________________ 1958 - - - - - - - - - - - - -----1959 ------------------------------------------ U n s k ille d p lant w o r k e r s (men): — 1754— “ ____ — ____ 1955 1956 1957 _ _____ ___________________________ . _ ~~ ” _ ” 1959 ............................................ 1058 See footnotes at end o f table. - 58 70 - 30 - 58 70 - 134. 5 141.6 - 115.2 - 140.0 143.6 - 136. 3 143. 7 - 117. 1 - 140.9 145.8 Table 1. 11 W a g e indexes, office and p la n t-a ll industries ancf m anufacturing-Continued (indexes o f average w eekly earnings or average hourly e a r n in g s 1 for s elected occupational groups studied in 6 broad industry divisions in 17 labor m ark ets, 2 1954-59 3) (1953 = 100)_____________________ North Central C h ic a g o M i n n e a p o li s S t. P a u l M ilw a u k e e O c c u p a tio n a l g r o u p T im e in te r v a l (m o n th s) 19 55 IQ 56 1957 19 58 1959 _ _________ _ .... . _______ .......... ............................... I n d u s t r ia l n u r s e s (w o m e n ): ------ 1 9 5 4 " ~ ' T " ________ 19 55 1956 19 57 195R 1959 __ ___ __ ___________ ______ ................................ — S k ille d m a in te n a n c e t r a d e s (m e n ): ------ TT O ---------------------------------------------------- 1955 1956 19 57 19 58 1959 ____ _ _ ___ ................................................... U n s k ille d p la n t w o r k e r s (m e n ): ------ 1T5TZ— K-------------------------------------- 1955 19 57 19 58 1959 . . . . . . . . . . . .......................... See footnotes at end o f table A ll in d u s t r ie s M anu fa c tu r in g T im e in te r v a l (m o n th s) A ll in d u s tr ie s M anu fa c tu r in g 12 25 37 49 61 73 105.8 109.5 114. 3 120. 5 126. 1 129.9 106.2 109.8 114.4 120.6 127.3 131.0 12 104. 5 105.5 31 ( 4) 61 72 110. 1 ( 4) 125. 1 128.7 112.6 ( 4) 127.2 132.0 12 25 37 49 61 73 105.9 110. 3 116.9 122.8 130.9 135.3 105.9 110. 3 116.9 122.8 130.9 135. 3 12 _ 31 ( 4) 61 72 105.5 115.0 ( 4) 131.5 137.0 105.5 12 25 37 49 61 73 106.3 109.8 115.5 121.3 127.6 133.6 105.8 109.0 115.4 121.7 128.2 134.0 12 _ 31 105.9 12 25 37 49 61 73 105.7 109.4 114.4 119.0 124.8 130.6 104.8 107.6 113.0 118.5 124.6 129.3 (4) 61 72 - 113.0 ( 4) 128.2 133.2 12 104.6 31 111.1 ( 4) 126. 3 131.2 _ (4) 61 72 - - 115.0 ( 4) 131.5 137.0 106.3 113.6 ( 4) 128.9 134.2 105.8 - 113.6 (4) 127.5 131.6 T im e in te r v a l (m o n th s) S t. A ll in d u s tr ie s M anu fa c tu r in g 12 24 37 52 62 74 106.3 109.9 114. 1 121.3 125.0 129.2 105.8 109.6 113.3 119.3 122.9 126.7 12 24 37 52 62 74 109.4 114.2 118. 1 124.4 129. 1 133.9 12 24 37 52 62 74 12 24 37 52 62 74 T im e in te r v a l (m o n th s ) L o u is A ll in d u s tr ie s M anu fa c tu r in g 13 26 38 (4) 59 70 10$. 7 110. 1 114.7 ( 4) 124.0 128.9 105.5 108.8 113.9 (4) 124.3 129.7 109.4 114.8 117.2 123.4 128.9 133.6 13 26 38 (4) 59 70 106.4 109.6 116.8 105.6 109.6 116.8 128.8 136.0 128.8 136.0 106.6 110.2 115.5 121.7 126.7 132.6 106.7 108. 1 113.9 119.7 125. 1 130.2 13 26 38 107. 1 110.5 117.3 107.0 110.0 106.4 111.6 117. 1 124.6 130.9 137.4 105.8 110.9 115.5 121.7 126.7 133.7 (4) (4 ) l4) (4) 116.8 (4) 59 70 129.0 134.4 128.5 133.8 13 26 38 108.5 111.7 116.6 107.4 110.2 115.2 (4) 126.7 132.0 (4) 59 70 (4) 127.5 131.5 12 Table 1. W a g e indexes, office and plant—all industries and m anufacturing—Continued (In d e x e s o f a v e r a g e w e e k ly e a r n in g s or a v e r a g e h o u r ly e a r n i n g s 1 f o r s e le c t e d o cc u p a tio n a l g r o u p s stu d ie d in 6 b r o a d in d u s tr y d iv i s io n s in 17 l a b o r m a r k e t s , 2 1 9 5 4 - 5 9 3 ) (1 9 5 3 s 1 0 0 ) W est L os A n geles Long Beach Denver O ccupational group Tim e interval (months) A ll industries Manu facturing Tim e interval (months) W om en o ffic e w ork e rs: — ____ 1955 _________________ „________ 1956 ___ _____ ______ . .. _ 1957 ... ___ ____ _ . .... _ 1958 _ ___ _ _ ___ _ 1959 ..................... ................... 13 25 37 _ 61 73 105.7 108.8 113.3 125.8 130.4 105.8 109.8 116.5 129.7 136. 3 Industrial n urses (wom en): — 1954 ~ " ______________ 1955 ____________ ____ _ 1956 _ _ __ _ _ _ .......................... ............... 1957 1958 ___________________________ 1959 ......................... . Z 13 25 37 61 73 108.0 108.0 115.2 129.6 132.0 (!) !) ( 5) <’ ) ( s) Skilled m aintenance trades (men): — re s ?— : ----------— — 1955 _____________ _________ ______ 1956 _ ____ 1957 __ ________ 1958 1959 .............................................. 13 25 37 61 73 108. 1 113.0 120.9 135.2 140.6 109.2 112.5 120.0 137.4 142.8 13 25 37 49 U nskilled plant w o rk e rs (men): — 1953— : : ___________ ____ 1955 _________ _________ _______ 1956 _ _ _ _ ___ 1957 1958 __________________________ 1959 ' .1 I. „ ' . -I ” 1 13 25 37 61 73 108.0 114.2 123.8 137.3 145. 1 112.4 118.9 124. 1 141.5 149.3 13 25 37 49 tim e 13 25 37 49 61 73 13 25 37 49 61 73 61 73 61 73 A ll industries Manu facturing Tim e interval (months) A ll industries 4 5 I n s u ffic ie n t da ta to m e e t p u b lic a tio n c r i t e r i a . NOTE: D ash es in d ic a te n ot s u r v e y e d th is p e rio d . Manu facturing Tim e interval (months) A ll industries Manu facturing 104.6 108.4 113.5 120.5 124.4 130.2 105.2 109.0 113.7 120.2 125.5 131. 1 12 31 43 55 67 79 104.7 110.3 116.0 120.2 126.3 130.3 104. 3 110.0 114.6 120.7 125.3 129. 1 12 24 36 48 60 72 104.4 107.6 112.7 118.3 123.3 129.2 104.5 107.0 112.8 118. 1 123.0 129.3 105.4 108. 1 112.8 119.5 125.5 130.2 106.8 109.5 114.2 120.3 127.0 132.4 12 31 43 55 67 79 101.6 108.5 113.2 115.5 124.0 131.8 100.8 108.6 114. 1 114.8 123.4 131.3 12 24 36 48 60 72 104.3 110.9 113.8 121.0 129.0 136.2 105. 1 111.6 114.5 122.5 130.4 137.7 105.5 108.7 114.8 119.4 125.7 132.5 105.8 108.9 115.2 119.8 126.4 132.7 12 31 43 55 67 79 105.5 109.6 115.0 121.2 128.3 134.0 104.6 109. 6 115. 1 122.3 129.9 135.4 12 24 36 48 60 72 104.0 106.5 110.4 118.6 125.6 132.2 104.0 106.3 110.7 120.1 127.8 134.4 106.0 109.8 113.6 119.6 125.9 132.3 104.9 108.6 112.9 117.9 124.3 129.5 12 31 43 55 67 79 104.9 110.6 113.9 119. 1 125.3 130. 1 105.5 112.5 116.0 121.3 127.7 130.4 12 24 36 48 60 72 106. 1 109.3 113.2 119.4 125.9 133.4 104.2 108. 5 111.6 118.4 124.8 133.5 1 A v e r a g e w e e k ly e a r n in g s r e l a t e to sta n d a r d s a l a r i e s th at a r e p aid fo r s ta n d a r d w o r k s c h e d u l e s . A v e r a g e h o u r ly e a r n in g s a r e an d fo r w o r k on w e e k e n d s , h o li d a y s , an d la te s h if t s . 2 D e t r o it , N ew O r le a n s , an d S e a t t le , in c lu d e d in th e c u r r e n t s t u d ie s , w e r e n ot s u r v e y e d in 1 9 5 3 (th e b a s e y e a r o f the in d e x e s ). 3 F i s c a l y e a r s e n d in g June 3 0 . L im it e d s u r v e y s . D ata w e r e c o l le c t e d o n ly fo r s e le c t e d plant w o r k e r s in m a n u fa c tu r in g in d u s tr ie s in M ilw a u k e e an d f o r plant w o r k e r s St. L ou is. San F r a n cis c o Oakland Portland s t r a i g h t - t i m e h o u r ly e a r n in g s , in m a n u fa c tu r in g and p u b lic e x c lu d in g u tilit ie s p r e m iu m in d u s tr ie s p ay fo r in over B u ffa lo and Table 2. 13 Percent increases, office and plant—all industries and m anufacturing (P ercent in crea ses in average weekly earnings or average hourly earnings 1 for selected occupational groups studied in 6 broad industry divisions in 20 labor m a rk ets, 1 9 54 -59 2 ) Northeast Boston N ewarkJ e rs e y City Buffalo O ccupational group Tim e interval (months) W om en o ffice w ork e rs: 1954 ____________________________ 19 55 1956 A ll industries Manu facturing Tim e interval (months) A ll industries Manu facturing 5. 3 6. 3 9 .4 ( 3) 11.6 9 .8 ( 3) 13.4 12 13 5.2 2 .9 4 .4 2. 3 17 1958 ____________________________ 1959 _ 17 12 13 8 .0 5 .7 5 .3 7 .3 6. 1 4 .6 24 ( 3) 24 Industrial n urses (wom en): ----- TT53________ ___ __________________ 19 55 12 13 6 .5 1.5 7 .2 .7 _ _ 17 7 .9 7.8 17 12 13 9 .0 4 .8 5.9 8 .9 4. 1 6 .5 24 ( 3) 24 8 .6 ( 3) 12.2 9 .2 ( 3) 12.0 12 13 5.3 1.9 5.6 1.9 _ _ 17 6 .7 6 .7 1957 ____________________________ 1958 ____________________________ 1959 ------------------------------------------- 17 12 13 8 .5 5.2 5 .4 8 .9 5 .4 5.3 24 ( 3) 24 12.0 ( 3) 9 .8 11.9 ( 3) 9 .6 U nskilled plant w o rk e rs (men): ----- T9 S3 " ------ ------ --------_ 1955 __ _____ 1956 _______ 1957 12 13 5. 1 2 .4 5 .5 3. 1 _ _ 17 7 .6 7.8 17 12 13 6 .3 4 .7 7. 1 5 .0 4 .6 7.9 24 ( 3) 24 9 .9 ( 3) 12.0 10.4 ( 3) 11.6 19 57 19 58 Skilled m aintenance trades frnen): ----- TTO---------------------------------------1955 19 59 See footnotes at end of table, _ _ _ Tim e interval (months) A ll industries New Y ork City Manu facturing 13 12 12 5.7 3.9 3.8 5.9 3 .7 3.8 24 12 9 .6 3. 5 10.8 4. 6 13 12 12 _ 24 12 5.2 4. 3 1.4 5.2 4. 3 1.4 13.4 4 .7 13 12 12 24 12 Tim e interval (months) A ll industries Philadelphia Manu facturing Tim e interval (months) A ll industries Manu facturing 12 13 13 12 12 12 4. 3 3. 5 5.9 5.2 3. 5 3.0 5.2 4 .7 5.3 5.9 2 .9 3.6 12 13 12 12 11 13 7. 1 3 .4 3 .4 6 .5 5. 7 4 .0 6 .6 4 .6 2 .8 5.1 6.2 4 .2 13.4 4 .7 12 13 13 12 12 12 4 .2 5 .4 5. 1 4 .9 4. 7 3.3 8 .0 7 .4 5.0 4 .8 5. 1 4 .9 12 13 12 12 11 13 7. 1 3.0 4 .3 6 .2 6. 5 3.7 7.9 2 .9 5.0 6. 1 5.7 2 .4 5.6 3 .7 5 .4 10.4 3.9 5. 5 3.7 5.8 10. 3 3.6 12 13 13 12 12 12 4. 5 5.0 3 .4 3.8 4 .3 4 .4 5.2 4 .2 3.2 5 .5 3.9 4 .7 12 13 12 12 11 13 7 .2 4 .4 4 .0 5.2 5.2 3.2 7 .2 3.9 3.8 5 .4 5. 1 3.2 13 12 12 7. 1 4 .2 6 .0 7.8 4. 1 6 .9 24 12 8 .6 5.0 10. 1 5.6 12 13 13 12 12 12 5 .4 2 .6 5.0 • 5. 3 4 .6 4 .2 6 .3 3.8 3.8 7. 5 5. 5 3.9 12 13 12 12 11 13 4. 5 4. 3 6 .0 4 .7 6 .0 5.0 3 .3 4 .5 5 .5 4. 5 5.8 4 .9 _ _ 14 Table 2. Percent increases, office and p la n t-a ll industries and m anufacturing-C ontinued (P ercen t in cre a se s in average w eekly earnings or average hourly earnings 1 for s e le cte d occupational groups studied in 6 broad industry divisions in 20 labor m arkets, 1954-59 2) South Atlanta B a ltim ore D allas New O rleans M em phis Occupational group Tim e interval (months) A ll industries Manu facturing Tim e interval (months) A ll industries Manu facturing Tim e interval (months) A ll industries Manu facturing Tim e interval (months) A ll industries Manu facturing Tim e interval (months) All industries Manu facturing W om en o ffice w ork ers: r m ---------. . . _ _ 1955 __ _________________ _____ 1956 _ ___________ __ 1957 ___. ... _ ____________ 1958 _____________________ 1959 ------------------------------------------ 12 12 13 12 13 12 3 .0 2 .2 6 .3 3 .4 5.6 3.9 3.8 1.9 4 .4 5.0 6 .8 2 .5 30 28 12 _ 12.9 14.9 3. 5 14.2 15.7 5 .4 13 12 13 12 12 12 5.6 5.0 4 .0 5.8 4 .3 3 .4 3. 3 5.0 3.9 5 .5 4 .6 2 .5 12 13 12 12 11 12 4. 1 2. 1 6 .5 4 .3 2 .4 3 .4 2 .3 3.9 4 .7 5.6 4 .6 1.8 24 _ 27 12 10.2 _ 8 .0 _ 13.4 2 .7 11.4 _ 8. 1 _ 12.4 1. 1 Industrial nurses (women): — 1 $ 5 _________ — r ____ . 1955 .................................... 1956 ___________________________ 1957 _________________________ __ 1958 ___ ” _____ "_ — ............................................... 1959 12 12 13 12 13 12 5 .3 4 .3 9 .0 3.8 5 .5 4 .7 ( 4) ( 4) 8 .8 5.0 6 .0 5.1 30 28 12 17.2 13. 3 4 .7 16.9 _ 14.5 5.2 13 12 13 12 12 12 ( 4) 7. * 2 .8 6 .9 4 .5 3.7 (4) 9 .9 1.4 7 .5 5. 1 3.0 12 13 12 12 11 12 6 .7 7. 1 5.9 4 .2 3 .3 3.2 l 4) l 4) ( 4) (4) l 4) ( 4) 23 _ 24 _ 27 12 2 3 .8 _ 8 .5 13.5 5.6 2 5 .7 _ 8 .3 16.1 4 .8 Skilled maintenance trades (mei^): 1^4 ........... | _ 1955 . . . . I ____ __ _ _ 1956 _________ 1957 _ _ _ _ _ _ 1958 ................... 1959 ......................... 12 12 13 12 13 12 5.3 2 .9 5 .4 4 .3 6 .2 4 .0 4 .9 3. 1 5.0 3.9 6 :8 3 .4 30 - 13 12 13 12 12 12 5.9 3.8 4 .6 3 .4 4 .4 6. 1 7 .0 3 .5 3.5 4 .2 4 .4 4 .0 12 13 12 12 11 12 3 .5 3.0 8. 1 5 .4 6 .3 2 .3 1.6 2 .3 8 .9 4 .8 5 .4 1.9 24 27 12 2 1.8 9 .0 15.2 5.2 22.2 28 12 16.7 16.8 5 .4 23 15. 7 16. 3 5. 3 U nskilled plant w o rk e rs (men): — rm — _ ----------------. 1955 ______ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1956 _ _ ___ ____ 1957 ___ _ _ __ _______ __ 1958 ___________________________ 1959 12 12 13 12 13 12 5.9 1. 8 13.6 4 .9 5.6 1.0 4 .9 1. 7 11.4 6 .6 7. 3 2. 1 30 - 15.2 - 17. 1 - 13 12 13 12 12 12 3.6 3. 3 4 .7 4 .0 5.9 5.7 9 .5 4 .0 1. 1 5 .7 4 .4 2 .8 12 13 12 12 11 12 5.2 3 .5 7 .7 7.2 4. 5 .9 3 .4 4 .2 3.6 7 .3 5.8 1.0 23 _ 24 10.7 6 .0 4 .7 8 .7 27 12 18. 1 4 .2 — See footnotes at end o f table, - - 28 12 - 2 1 .6 2. 5 - 2 0 .3 3 .5 23 _ _ _ _ - - 7.6 16.4 6 .6 - 15.2 4 .8 Table 2. 15 Percent increases, office and plant-all industries ancj manufacturing-Continued (P ercen t in cre a se s in average w eekly earnings or average hourly earnings 1 for selected occupational groups studied in 6 broad industry divisions in 20 labor markets^ 1954-59 i ) North Central Chicago Detroit Minneapolis St. Paul Milwaukee Occupational group Time All interval (months) industries W o m e n office workers: 1954 ... 1955 ___ ___ ____ 1956 _ 1957 ___ __ 1958 _ _______ 1959 __ ____ Manu facturing Time interval (months) All industries Manu facturing Time interval (months) All industries Manu facturing Time interval (months) All industries St. Louis Manu facturing Time interval (months) All industries Manu facturing 12 13 12 i2 12 12 5.8 3.6 4 .3 5 .4 4 .7 3.0 6 .2 3 .4 4 .2 5 .4 5 .5 3.0 22 _ 24 39 11.8 _ 7 .5 _ 19.8 12.0 7. 1 23. 3 12 _ 19 ( 3) 30 11 4 .5 _ 5.3 ( 3) 13.6 2.9 5 .5 6 .7 ( 3) 13.0 3.8 12 12 13 15 10 12 6 .3 3.3 3.8 6 .3 3.0 3 .4 5.8 3.6 3 .4 5 .3 3 .0 3. 1 13 13 12 ( 3) 21 11 5.7 4 .2 4 .2 ( 3) 8 .1 4 .0 9 .1 4 .3 12 13 12 12 12 12 5.9 4 .2 6 .0 5.0 6 .6 3.4 5.9 4 .2 6 .0 5.0 6 .6 3 .4 22 _ 24 _ 39 10.2 _ 7.9 20.2 10. 1 _ 7.9 20.7 12 _ 19 ( 3) 30 11 5 .5 _ 9 .0 ( 3) 14.4 4 .2 5 .5 9 .0 ( 3) 14.4 4.2 12 12 13 15 10 12 9 .4 4 .3 3 .4 5.3 3.8 3 .7 9 .4 5.0 2 .0 5 .3 4 .4 3.6 13 13 12 ( 3) 21 11 6 .4 3.0 6 .6 ( 3) 10.3 5.6 5.6 3.8 6 .6 ( 3) 10.3 5.6 12 13 12 12 12 12 6 .3 3. 3 5. 1 5.0 5.3 4 .7 5.8 3. 1 5 .8 5.5 5 .3 4 .6 22 24 39 11.0 8 .3 17.0 11.1 8 .1 17.2 12 19 ( 3) 30 11 5.9 6 .7 ( 3) 13.5 3.9 6 .3 6 .9 ( 3) 13.4 4 .2 12 12 13 15 10 12 6 .6 3.3 4 .9 5 .3 4. 1 4 .6 6 .7 1.4 5 .4 5.1 4 .4 4. 1 13 13 12 ( 3) 21 11 7.1 3.2 6 .1 ( 3) 10.0 4 .2 7.0 2 .9 6 .2 l 3) 10.0 4 .1 12 13 12 12 12 12 5.7 3.5 4 .6 4 .0 4 .9 4 .6 4 .8 2 .7 5.0 4 .9 5. 1 3.8 22 24 39 10.0 6 .2 15.8 8 .0 6 .4 17.6 12 19 ( 3) 30 4 .6 6 .2 ( 3) 13.7 3.8 5.8 7 .4 ( 3) 12.3 3.2 12 12 13 15 10 12 6 .4 4 .9 4 .9 6 .4 5.2 4 .9 5 .8 4 .8 4 .2 5 .4 4. 1 5 .5 13 13 12 ( 3) 21 8 .5 3.0 4 .4 ( 3) 9 .4 3.2 7 .4 2 .6 4 .6 l 3) 10.0 4 .2 5 .5 3. 1 4 .8 l3) Industrial nurses (women): -----FT54-------------------- T — T __ . _ 1955 _ ________ 1956 ____________ _ _____ 1957 __________________________ 1958 _ ’ ___ ....................... 1959 - Skilled maintenance trades (men): — 1335---------------~ 1955 . ____________ _ _ ____ 1956 _ ____ _________ _ 1957 . _______________________ 1958 ............................. 1959 . _ . . Unskilled plant workers (men): — T954— I -------------------. 1955 ____ ______ __________ ____ 19 56 _____ _______ _ 1957 ___ 1958 ______________ ____________ 1959 .......................... .. See footnotes at end o f table, 11 11 16 Table 2 Percent increases, office and plant-al| industries and manufacturing-Continued (P ercen t in cre a s e s in average w eekly earnings or average hourly earnings for selected occupational groups studied in 6 broad industry division s in 20 labor m ark ets, 1954-59 2) W est Los AngelesLong Beach Denver Occupational group Time interval (months) Manu All industries facturing San FranciscoOakland Portland Time interval (months) All industries Manu facturing Time interval (months) All Manu industries ; facturing Time All interval (months) ! industries Seattle Time Manu interval facturing (months) W o m e n office workers: -----fT O ' ____ ____ _ ________ ___ 1955 1956 _________________ __ 1957 ______________________ 1958 1959 ............ ........ 13 12 12 24 12 5.7 2.9 4.2 11.0 3.6 5.8 3.8 6.1 11.3 5. 1 13 12 12 12 12 12 4.6 3.6 4.7 6.2 3.3 4.6 5.2 3.6 4.3 5.8 4.4 4.5 12 19 12 12 12 12 4.7 5.4 5.2 3.6 5.1 3.2 4. 3 5.6 4.0 5.3 3.8 3. 1 12 12 12 12 12 12 4.4 3.0 4.8 5.0 4.2 4.8 4.5 2.4 5.4 4.7 4.2 5. 1 _ _ _ 59 12 12 Industrial nurses (women): ___ ___ ______ ______ 1955 ___________ ___ 1956 ___________ ___ __ 1957 _______ _ _ .... 1958 ...................... 1959 .................. 13 12 12 _ 24 8.0 0 6.7 12.5 (4) ( 4) ( 4) 5.4 2.5 4. 3 6.0 5. 1 6.8 2.5 4.3 5.3 5.6 12 19 12 12 12 1.6 6.9 4.3 2. 1 7.4 .8 7.8 5.0 .7 7.5 12 12 12 12 12 4.3 6.3 2.6 6.4 6.6 5. 1 6.2 2.6 7.0 6.5 _ _ 59 12 12 1.9 (4) ( 4) 13 12 12 12 12 12 3.7 4. 3 12 6 .3 6. 3 12 5.6 5.6 13 12 12 8. 1 4 .5 7 .0 9 .2 3.1 6 .6 13 12 12 12 12 12 5.5 3.0 5.6 4 .0 5 .3 5.3 5.8 2 .9 5.8 4 .0 5 .5 5.0 12 19 12 12 12 12 5 .5 3.9 4 .9 5 .5 5.8 4 .4 4 .6 4 .7 5. 1 6 .2 6 .2 4 .2 12 12 12 12 12 12 4 .0 2 .4 3 .7 7 .5 5.9 5.3 4 .0 2 .2 4. 1 8 .5 6 .4 5. 1 13 12 12 12 12 12 6 .0 3.6 3 .4 5 .3 5.2 5. 1 4 .9 3 .5 3.9 4 .4 5 .4 4 .2 12 19 12 12 12 12 4 .9 5 .4 3.0 4 .6 5.2 3.8 5. 5 6 .7 3. 1 4 .6 5. 3 2. 1 12 12 12 12 12 12 6. 1 3.0 4 .4 5 .5 5 .4 5.9 4 .2 4 .2 4. 3 6 .0 5 .5 6 .9 — 1954 Skilled maintenance trades (men): :~i — __ ............................................... 1955 1956 ___________ __ _ 1957 _______ __ __ 1958 .............................................. 1959 ..................... — 1954 U nskilled plant w ork e rs (men): 1954 ___ _ .................... .. 19 55 ______________________ 1956 ___ _ _ ___ 19 57 __ 1958 . . . ....................... 1959 .................................................. _ - 24 12 11.8 4 .0 14.5 4 .0 13 12 12 8 .0 5.7 8 .4 12.4 5.8 4 .3 _ - 24 12 10.9 5 .7 - 14.0 5.5 All industries _ _ _ 23.6 5.0 4.9 Manu facturing _ _ _ 22.2 3.9 5.3 _ _ _ _ _ _ 12 ( 4) l 4) ( 4) (4) ( 4) ( 4) - _ _ _ _ _ 59 12 12 21 .0 4 .7 5.2 20 .8 4.0 5.9 - _ _ _ 59 12 12 2 3.0 4 .9 5 .7 15.2 5 .3 5 .5 1 A verage w eekly earnings rela te to standard sala rie s that are paid for standard w ork schedules. A verage hourly earnings are straigh t-tim e hourly earnings, excluding prem ium pay for o v e r tim e and for w ork on w eekends, h olid ays, and late shifts. a F is c a l years ending June 30. 3 L im ited survey. Data w ere co lle c te d only for s e le cte d plant w o rk e rs in m anufacturing industries in Milwaukee and for plant w ork ers in manufacturing and public utilities industries in Buffalo and St. L ou is. Insufficient data to m eet publication c r ite r ia . 4 NOTE: Dashes indicate not surveyed this period. 17 Wage Differences Among Labor Markets The m agnitude o f w age d iffe r e n c e s betw een any two o f the a r e a s stu d ied v a r ie d som ew h a t am ong o c c u p a tio n s , and, in so m e c a s e s , b etw een m en and w om en in the sa m e o c cu p a tio n . A v e ra g e pay fo r m en p a y r o ll c le r k s in P h ila d elp h ia , fo r e x a m p le , e x c e e d e d that in New Y o rk C ity b y i}>7 a w eek , w h erea s w om en p a y r o ll c le r k s in New Y o rk C ity a v e r a g e d $ 8 .5 0 a w eek m o r e than th e ir c o u n te rp a rts in P h ila d e lp h ia . S im ila r ly , su ch s k ille d m a in ten an ce w o r k e r s as a u to m otiv e m e c h a n ic s , c a r p e n t e r s , and p a in ters had h igh er a v e ra g e pay in C h ica g o than in D e tr o it although the r e v e r s e r e la tio n s h ip w as n oted fo r e le c t r ic ia n s , m a c h in is ts , and m e c h a n ics r e p a ir in g n on au tom otive equ ip m en t. T h e r e fo r e , to get a m o r e r e p re s e n ta tiv e in d ic a to r o f in t e r a r e a w age d iffe r e n c e s , a r e a e s tim a te s w ere c o n s tr u c te d fo r g rou p s o f w o r k e r s in o f f ic e , s k ille d m a in ten a n ce, c u s to d ia l, and m a te r ia l m o v e m en t j o b s . 10 In te ra re a wage d iffe r e n c e s fo r th ese grou p s o f w o rk e r s w ill not n e c e s s a r ily a g r e e with m e a s u r e s b a s e d o n a v e r a g e s f o r b r o a d e r g rou p s o f w o r k e r s o r occu p a tio n a l a v e r a g e s fo r a s p e c ific in d u stry . The u se o f data fo r the sa m e jo b s in ea ch la b o r m a rk e t, t o g eth er w ith the assu m p tion o f a con sta n t em p lo y m e n t re la tio n s h ip b etw een jo b s in a ll m a rk e ts elim in a te s in te r a r e a d iffe r e n c e s in o c c u pation al c o m p o s itio n as a fa c to r in exam in in g pay le v e ls . In d u stria l c o m p o s itio n , h o w e v e r , v a r ie s su b sta n tia lly am ong la b o r m a r k e ts , p a r t ic u la r ly in m a n u fa ctu rin g . T h is type o f v a r ia tio n is n e c e s s a r ily r e fle c t e d in the a r e a e s t im a te s . M ethod o f C om putin g A r e a R e la tiv e s The fo llo w in g m eth od w as u sed in com pu tin g the data u se d in the c o m p a r is o n s . A g g r e g a te s fo r a ll in d u str ie s c o m b in e d and fo r m a n u factu rin g and n on m an u fa ctu rin g s e p a r a te ly fo r e a ch a r e a w ere com p u ted b y m u ltip ly in g the a v e ra g e stan dard w eek ly s a la ry fo r ea ch o f 18 o ffic e jo b s and the a v e ra g e s tra ig h t-tim e h o u rly ea rn in g s (e x clu d in g p rem iu m pay fo r o v e rtim e and n igh tw ork) f o r ea ch o f 17 plant jo b s by e stim a te d total e m p lo y m e n t in the jo b in all in d u str ie s and a r e a s co m b in e d . F o r p u rp o s e s o f this c o m p a r is o n , a g g re g a te s f o r e a ch o c c u pation al and in d u stry grou p a re e x p r e s s e d as p e r ce n ta g e s o f lik e g rou p s in New Y o rk C ity , a d ju sted f o r d iffe r e n c e s in s u r v e y tim in g . W age data f o r New Y o r k C ity re la te to A p r il 1959, as do th ose fo r C h ic a g o , M ilw au k ee, and P o r tla n d . The oth er 16 a r e a s w e re s u r v e y e d during the fo llo w in g m on th s: 1958 August: Baltimore Seattle September: Buffalo October: Boston Dallas St. Louis November: Philadelphia December: Denver Newark-Jersey City 1959 January: Detroit Memphis MinneapolisSt. Paul San FranciscoOakland February: New Orleans March: Los AngelesLong Beach May: Atlanta The ad ju stm en t f o r tim in g d iffe r e n c e s a s su m e d that N ew Y o rk C ity w ages in c r e a s e d u n ifo r m ly o v e r the 12 m onths betw een annual stu d ies and that an in te rm e d ia te le v e l fo r any in terv en in g m onth c o u ld be o b tain ed by adding the e stim a te d w age in c r e m e n t to A p r il 1958 pay le v e ls . The c o m p a r is o n s in the p r e se n t study a re c o m p a r a b le w ith a n a ly ses m ade in the 19 5 6 -5 7 and 1 9 5 7 -5 8 stu d ies but n ot w ith the u nadju sted com p u ta tion s p u blish ed fo r e a r lie r y e a r s . In te r a r e a C o m p a r is o n s J ob G r o u p s . — O ffice c l e r i c a l pay in D e tr o it w as 113 p e r ce n t o f the New Y o rk C ity le v e l (table 3); L.os A n g e le s -L o n g B e a ch , San 10 The o ffic e o c cu p a tio n s c o v e r e d 5 m e n 's and 13 w o m e n 's F r a n c is c o -O a k la n d , and C h ica g o w e re 108, 107, and 106 p e r c e n t, r e jo b s : M en— c le r k s , a cco u n tin g , c la s s A and B; o r d e r c le r k s ; o ffic e s p e c t iv e ly , o f the New Y ork C ity l e v e l . 11 In B u ffa lo , M ilw au k ee, b o y s ; ta b u la tin g -m a ch in e o p e r a t o r s ; w om en — b i l l e r s , m a ch in e (b illin g N e w a r k -J e r s e y C ity , P o r tla n d , and S eattle it did not d iffe r s ig n ifi m a ch in e); b o o k k e e p in g -m a ch in e o p e r a t o r s , c la s s B; C o m p to m e te r o p ca n tly fr o m that in New Y o rk C ity . P a y r e la t iv e s in eig h t oth er a r e a s e r a t o r s ; c le r k s , a ccou n tin g , c la s s A and B; c le r k s , f i l e , c la s s B ; w ere c lu s t e r e d at 9 1 -9 5 p e r ce n t o f N ew Y o rk C ity pay, and b e lo w c le r k s , p a y r o ll; k e y -p u n ch o p e r a t o r s ; s e c r e t a r ie s ; ste n o g r a p h e rs , g en 90 p e r ce n t in M em p h is and New O r le a n s . e r a l; sw itch b o a rd o p e r a t o r s ; ty p is ts , c la s s A and B . The plant jo b s in clu d ed 6 m ain ten an ce tr a d e s , 4 c u s to d ia l and 7 m a te r ia l m o v e m e n t jo b s : M ain ten an ce— a u tom otive m e c h a n ic s , c a r p e n t e r s , e le c t r ic ia n s , 11 If c o m p a r is o n s w e re b a s e d o n a v e ra g e h o u rly ea rn in g s in stea d m a c h in is ts , m e c h a n ic s , and p a in te rs ; c u s to d ia l— g u a rd s, ja n it o r s , o f a v e ra g e w eek ly s a la r ie s , New Y o rk C ity w ould rank s e c o n d am ong ja n it r e s s e s , and w atch m en ; m a te r ia l m o v e m e n t— fo r k lift o p e r a t o r s ; th ese a r e a s . G e n e r a l ste n o g r a p h e r s , f o r e x a m p le , a v e r a g e d a 3 6-h ou r m a te r ia l handling la b o r e r s ; o r d e r f i l l e r s ; p a c k e r s , sh ipping; shipping w eek in New Y o rk C ity ; they a v e r a g e d fr o m 38. 5 to 39* 5 h ou rs in and r e c e iv in g c le r k s ; and t r u c k d r iv e r s , m ed iu m and heavy t r a ile r ty pe. the 4 a r e a s with the h ig h e st sa la ry le v e ls . 18 S k illed m a in ten an ce w o r k e r s w e re a ls o h ig h est paid in D e tr o it (115 p erp en t o f New Y o r k C ity ) with r e la t iv e s o f 109 o r h ig h e r a lso r e c o r d e d in th ree W est C o a s t a r e a s and in C h ic a g o . The pay r e l a tive f o r St. L o u is w as 108 c o m p a r e d w ith 107 in B u ffa lo , M ilw au k ee, and S e a ttle , and 105 in M in n e a p o lis -S t. P au l and N e w a r k -J e r s e y C ity . B a ltim o r e , D e n v e r, and P h ila d e lp h ia w e re g rou p ed at 101. A m on g the fiv e a r e a s in w h ich s k ille d m a in ten an ce w o r k e r s a v e r a g e d le s s than the N ew Y o r k C ity le v e l, B o s to n and N ew O rle a n s w e re at the 9 5 -p e r c e n t poin t and A tlan ta , D a lla s , and M em p h is at the 8 9 -9 1 le v e l. C u stod ia l w o r k e r s ' and m a te r ia l m o v e m e n t w o r k e r s ' pay r e la tiv e s com p u ted on an a ll-in d u s tr y b a s is d iffe r e d fr o m th ose fo r s k ille d m a in ten an ce w o r k e r s both in ranking o f a r e a s and in the m a g nitude o f the w age d iffe r e n tia l b etw een the h ig h e st and lo w e s t w age a r e a s . W h erea s C h ic a g o , f o r e x a m p le , ran ked th ird h ig h est in sk ille d m a in ten an ce w o r k e r pay, th is a r e a ran k ed eighth and tenth in pay le v e ls fo r c u s to d ia l and m a te r ia l m o v e m e n t w o r k e r s , r e s p e c t iv e ly . B y way o f c o n t r a s t w ith the 29 p e r c e n t d iffe r e n c e in pay f o r the m a in ten an ce g rou p betw een the h ig h est and lo w e s t w age a r e a s , the m a x i m u m w age s p re a d f o r c u s to d ia l w o r k e r s am oun ted to 92 p e r c e n t and f o r m a te r ia l m o v e m e n t w o r k e r s to 58 p e r c e n t. E x clu d in g the 5 a r e a s in the South, the m a x im u m w age d iffe r e n c e s am ong the 15 o th e r a re a s ra n g ed on ly fr o m 21 p e r ce n t f o r the m a in ten an ce g rou p to 25 p e r ce n t f o r the c u s to d ia l g ro u p . In du stry G r o u p s . — P a y re la tio n s h ip s a re show n s e p a r a te ly fo r m a n u factu rin g and n on m an u fa ctu rin g in ta b les 3 and 4 . F o r a few a r e a s , unusual v a r ia tio n w as n oted in the pay r e la tiv e v a lu es and rank p o s itio n am on g jo b g rou p s in the m an u factu rin g and n on m an u fa ctu rin g d iv is io n s . O ffic e w o r k e r s in m an u factu rin g in D e tr o it h eld a d is tin c t s a la r y advantage o v e r th eir c o u n te r p a r ts in oth er c it ie s ; in nonm anu fa c tu r in g , h o w e v e r, D e tr o it o ffic e pay w as e x c e e d e d by C h ic a g o , L os A n g e le s -L o n g B e a ch , and San F r a n c is c o -O a k la n d . E v en m o r e strik in g is the v a r ia tio n in the r e la tiv e pay p o s itio n o f cu s to d ia l w o r k e r s in D e tr o it; in m a n u fa ctu rin g , th ey ran ked se c o n d to San F r a n cis c o -O a k la n d ; w h erea s in n on m an u fa ctu rin g D e tr o it c u s to d ia l w o r k e r s a v e r a g e d on ly 91 p e r c e n t o f N ew Y o rk C ity pay and ran ked ninth am ong the 20 a r e a s . S im ila r ly , m a in ten an ce w o r k e r s in C h ica g o ran ked f i r s t in nonm anu fa ctu rin g but 6 p e rce n ta g e poin ts b e lo w D e tr o it and San F r a n c is c o O akland in the m a tter o f m a n u fa ctu rin g pay. The m a x im u m w age d iffe r e n c e (as m e a s u r e d in p erce n ta g e t e r m s ) am ong the a r e a s stu d ied w as g r e a te r f o r o ffic e w o r k e r s in m a n u factu rin g than in n on m an u fa ctu rin g. F o r s k ille d m a in ten an ce and c u s to d ia l w o r k e r s , the m a x im u m d iffe r e n tia ls w e re su bsta n tially g r e a te r in n on m an u fa ctu rin g; m a xim u m d iffe r e n tia ls fo r the m a te r ia l m o v e m e n t g rou p w e re about the sam e in the two b r o a d in d u stry d iv is io n s . B a s e d on data fo r the y e a r s 1954 and 1959, the pay r e la tiv e s and rank fo r so m e a r e a s and jo b g rou p s have ch a n g ed su ffic ie n tly to w a rra n t m en tion h e r e . 12 A lthough New Y o rk C ity o ffic e pay w as tied f o r fifth p o s itio n in 1954 and 1959, pay r e la tiv e s in 11 o f the 18 oth er a r e a s w e re fr o m 1 to 3 points h igh er in the c u r r e n t p e r io d than in 1954. S k ille d m ain ten an ce w o r k e r pay r e la t iv e s had a ls o in c r e a s e d in m o s t a r e a s with the g r e a te s t r is e (6 p oin ts) n oted in B u ffa lo , D en v e r , and B a ltim o r e , and a 5 -p o in t r is e r e c o r d e d in St. L o u is and N ew O r le a n s . E a ch o f th ese 5 a r e a s a d va n ced 2 o r 3 p o s itio n s in the ranking o f the 19 a r e a s . St. L o u is , fo r e x a m p le , ran ked ninth in 1954 and sixth in 1959 in the pay le v e l fo r m a in ten an ce w o r k e r s . C u s to d ia l w o r k e r pay r e la t iv e s sh ow ed le s s change b etw een the 1954 and 1959 s tu d ie s . O f the 10 a r e a s in w h ich pay d e c lin e d r e la tiv e to the New Y o rk C ity le v e l, P o r tla n d sh ow ed the g r e a te s t sh ift— fr o m a tie f o r th ird in 1954 to eighth p la ce in 1959. 12 F o r ex a m in a tion o f tr e n d s , pay r e la t iv e s w e re a d ju sted fo r tim in g d iffe r e n c e s ; data fo r 17 a r e a s re la te to 1954 and fo r B a ltim o r e and B u ffa lo to 1955. S ea ttle w as n ot stu d ied in eith er y e a r . Table 3. 19 Interarea pay comparisons, office workers (R elative pay le v e ls for o ffice w o rk e rs in 20 labor m arkets by industry d ivision and sex, w inter 1958-59) r v/ixy ~ iv u ; A ll industries L abor m arket Northeast: B oston ___ Buffalo ___________ ,_____. Newark-Jersey City New York City _________ Philadelphia ___________ South: Atlanta _________________ Baltimore D a lla s _________________ M e m p h is _____ __ ______ New O r le a n s ___________ North Central: __________ Chicago " Detroit _________________ Milwaukee ---------Minneapolis-St. P a u l __ St. Louis ______________ West: Denver ------ Los Angeles-Long Beach Portland __ ______ _ _ __ San Francisco-Oakland _ S eattle_________________ Manufac tur ing Nonmanufacturing Men and w om en Men W om en Men and wom en 91 100 99 100 94 98 115 106 100 101 90 98 98 100 93 90 103 98 100 94 98 117 106 100 98 89 101 97 100 93 92 93 93 84 87 98 105 100 97 93 91 92 92 83 87 94 99 96 85 88 98 104 105 96 93 106 113 98 91 95 113 123 111 103 104 105 112 96 90 94 103 117 98 89 95 94 108 99 107 102 98 113 114 114 113 94 107 97 106 101 96 108 97 110 105 Table 4. Men M en and w om en W om en 91 90 97 97 103 104 91 98 94 98 95 84 88 92 89 91 83 98 112 126 no 99 106 102 116 96 88 93 105 103 93 92 93 98 112 106 118 117 96 107 95 109 104 100 90 89 96 100 100 90 91 87 90 81 87 102 97 96 92 111 116 106 104 102 104 92 90 92 98 113 119 93 105 102 93 106 100 100 110 112 105 99 104 98 Interarea pay comparisons, plant workers (R elative pay le v e ls fo r plant w o rk e rs in 20 labor m arkets by industry d ivision and w ork c a te g ory , w inter 1958 - 59) (New Y ork = 100) Manufa c tur ing A ll industries M aintenance, custodial, and M aintenance' m aterial m ovem ent Labor m arket Northeast: --------frnatnn Buffalo 1M»war1r-.Tf>rflf>y f.ity New Y ork City TShilarinlpfcia South: Atlanta B altim ore D allas M em phis New O rleans North Central: C hicago D etroit Milwaukee M in neapolis-St. Paul St. Louis W est: Denver L os A n g eles-L o n g B each P ortland Seattle ---- __ _ _ _ _ Custodial M aterial m ovem ent M aintenance, custodial, M aintenance and m ater ial m ovem ent Nonmanufac tur ing Custodial M aterial m ovem ent M aintenance, cu stodial, M aintenance and m aterial m ovem ent Custodial M aterial m ovem ent 94 108 108 100 99 95 107 105 100 101 95 111 105 100 95 93 107 no 100 99 94 108 109 100 98 93 104 102 100 98 102 118 no 100 104 90 105 111 100 96 93 101 107 100 98 96 106 115 100 105 88 89 96 100 85 95 104 109 100 102 82 94 80 77 75 91 101 90 89 95 75 87 76 72 62 81 94 78 73 73 81 95 83 78 80 87 99 87 85 93 87 101 89 83 88 75 91 78 72 70 81 87 78 72 74 93 95 87 81 94 66 72 67 63 57 83 92 79 74 75 106 113 106 105 102 112 115 107 105 108 104 114 105 102 96 104 112 107 106 103 103 115 105 103 103 105 111 103 100 104 108 126 111 108 107 100 111 102 100 100 109 105 104 107 99 119 113 no 113 no 100 91 87 95 77 109 no 111 no 106 98 109 106 116 108 101 109 109 114 107 95 109 103 119 no 98 109 106 115 107 98 107 103 116 107 98 104 104 111 102 106 116 108 127 115 95 104 100 113 105 98 no 108 105 113 114 114 111 85 102 98 114 104 101 114 111 118 109 116 108 20 Occupational Earnings O ccu p a tion a l pay d iffe r e d w id e ly am on g and w ithin a r e a s . In v e r y few jo b s and a r e a s w e re e a rn in g s o f in div idu al w o r k e r s in the jo b c o n c e n tra te d arou n d the a v e r a g e ; th ese e x ce p tio n s w e re n oted in a few o f the s k ille d m a in ten an ce tra d e s in a r e a s with la r g e n u m b ers o f w o r k e r s c o v e r e d b y c o lle c t iv e ba rg a in in g a g r e e m e n ts . The w ide d is p e r s io n o f in div idu al ra te s ty p ic a l in c o m p o s ite d is trib u tio n s o f m a rk etw id e o c cu p a tio n a l pay r a te s should be kept in m in d in view in g the e stim a te s in the fo llo w in g tex t and ta b les A - l to A - 16, in c lu s iv e . O ffic e O ccu p a tion s In the 1 9 5 8 -5 9 s u r v e y s , pay le v e ls in 23 w o m e n 's o ffic e o c c u pations and 6 m e n 's o c cu p a tio n s w e re stu d ied . A m ong th e se , s e c r e t a r ie s and g e n e r a l ste n o g r a p h e rs w e re n u m e r ic a lly am ong the m o s t im p orta n t w o m e n 's o ffic e jo b s . A m on g the la tte r , s e c r e t a r ie s had the h ig h est a v e ra g e w eek ly s a la r ie s in 18 o f the 20 a r e a s ; th eir a v e r a g e s a la r ie s ra n ged fr o m $ 6 8 .5 0 in M em ph is to $ 9 4 .5 0 in D e tr o it (table A - l ) . N e a rly tw o -fifth s o f the s e c r e t a r ie s in the 20 a r e a s c o m b in ed w e re earn in g $90 o r m o r e a w eek . The p r o p o r tio n w ith s a la r ie s o f $90 o r m o r e ra n ged fr o m a tenth in M em p h is to m o r e than th ree fifth s in D e tr o it. W om en a ccou n tin g c le r k s (c la s s A ) had a v e ra g e s a la r ie s that w e re fr o m 50 cen ts to $ 8 .5 0 lo w e r than th ose o f s e c r e t a r ie s in all a r e a s e x c e p t M em p h is w h ere a ccou n tin g c le r k s a v e r a g e d 50 cen ts a w eek m o r e ($ 6 9 ). D iffe r e n c e s b etw een the s a la r ie s o f s e c r e t a r ie s and g e n e r a l s te n o g r a p h e rs ran ged fr o m $ 8 .5 0 in M em ph is to $1 7 in M ilw au kee and New Y o rk C ity . S a la rie s o f ste n o g ra p h e rs ran ged fr o m $60 in M em ph is to $85 in D e tr o it. A bout tw o -fifth s o f the s te n o g r a p h e rs in the 20 a r e a s c o m b in e d w e re ea rn in g $75 o r m o r e a w eek . A m on g the lo w e r paid w om en o ffic e jo b s , a v era g e s a la r ie s o f o ffic e g ir ls ra n ged fr o m $ 4 0 .5 0 in New O rlea n s to $ 6 1 .5 0 in D e tr o it. T h ey a v e r a g e d o v e r $50 a w eek in 11 o f the 20 a r e a s (table A - l ) . A m on g 6 o ffic e jo b s in w h ich m en a ls o w e re stu d ied , c la s s A accou n tin g c le r k s had the h ig h e st w eek ly s a la r ie s in 15 o f the 20 a r e a s , a v era g in g fr o m $88 in B o s to n to $ 1 1 2 .5 0 in D e tr o it. In 14 o f the 20 a r e a s , they a v e r a g e d $94 o r m o r e a w eek . A v e ra g e s a la r ie s f o r this jo b w e re e x c e e d e d by the a v e r a g e s f o r p a y r o ll c le r k s in B u ffa lo , B a ltim o r e , and in the L o s A n g e le s -L o n g B ea ch a r e a . T a b u la tin g -m a ch in e o p e r a t o r s in P o rtla n d a v e r a g e d 50 cen ts m o r e a w eek and in San F r a n c is c o -O a k la n d m en o r d e r c le r k s had a v era g e s a la r ie s equ al to th ose o f the c la s s A a ccou n tin g c le r k s . P r o fe s s io n a l and T e c h n ic a l O ccu p a tion s The h ig h e s t te c h n ic a l c a t e g o r ie s area averages am ong s tu d ie d in 1 9 5 8 -5 9 w e r e th e fiv e p r o fe s s io n a l fo r d r a fts m e n le a d e r s and and r a n g e d fr o m $ 1 2 0 .5 0 in D a lla s to $ 1 6 6 .5 0 in N ew Y o rk C ity . S a la r ie s o f d r a fts m e n le a d e r s e x c e e d e d th ose o f s e n io r d ra fts m e n by about $ 2 9 , on the a v e r a g e ; the d iffe r e n c e b etw een s a la r ie s o f ju n io r and s e n io r d r a fts m e n a ls o a v e r a g e d about $ 2 9 . W eek ly pay o f in d u stria l n u r s e s — the on ly p r o fe s s io n in w hich w o m e n 's ea rn in g s w e r e stu d ied— ra n ged fr o m $80 in M em p h is to $98 in D e tr o it. T h e ir s a la r ie s e x c e e d e d s a la r ie s o f s e c r e t a r ie s — the h ig h e s t paid w o m e n 's n o n p r o fe s s io n a l occu p a tio n — in a ll a r e a s by am ounts ran gin g fr o m $1 to $ 1 1 .5 0 . P la n t O ccu p a tion s T o o l and die m a k e r s , the h ig h e st paid s k ille d w o r k e r s stud ied in 1 9 5 8 -5 9 , had a v e ra g e h o u r ly ea rn in g s ran gin g fr o m $ 2 .7 2 in D a lla s to $ 3 .3 8 in San F r a n c is c o -O a k la n d . A v e r a g e s fo r th is jo b w e re g rou p ed at $ 3 . 1 6 - $ 3 . 1 7 in C h ic a g o , D e tr o it, and M ilw au k ee, and a lso e x c e e d e d $3 in St. L ou is and S e a ttle . A v e r a g e pay r a te s fo r m a in ten an ce e le c t r ic ia n s ra n ged fr o m $ 2 .3 2 an h ou r in D a lla s to $ 3 .0 7 in D e tr o it and e x c e e d e d $ 2 .8 0 in a ll a r e a s on the P a c ific C o a s t and in the N orth C e n tra l r e g io n and in B u ffa lo and N e w a r k -J e r s e y C ity . E l e c t r ic ia n s ' pay w as h igh er than m a in ten an ce m a c h in is t s 'in 13 o f the 20 a r e a s ; the d iffe r e n c e in th eir pay w as 5 ce n ts o r l e s s . (See table A - 9. ) T r u c k d r iv e r s , m a te r ia l handling la b o r e r s , and ja n ito r s w e re n u m e r ic a lly the m o s t im p orta n t am ong the c u s to d ia l and m a te r ia l m o v e m e n t jo b s stu d ied . E a rn in g s o f t r u c k d r iv e r s ra n ged fr o m $ 1 .6 8 in New O rlea n s to $ 2 .6 7 in N e w a r k -J e r s e y C ity . W ithin the t r u c k d r iv e r c la s s ific a t io n , d r iv e r s o f lig h t tru ck s in M em p h is a v e r a g e d $ 1 . 17 an h ou r as c o n tr a s te d w ith $ 2 .9 5 an h ou r f o r d r iv e r s o f heavy (oth er than t r a ile r ty pe) tru ck s in New Y o rk C ity . T h e re w e re about 1 1 8 ,0 0 0 m a te r ia l handling la b o r e r s in the 20 a r e a s and th e ir a v e ra g e h o u rly e a rn in g s ran ged fr o m $ 1 .4 0 in M em ph is to $ 2 .3 2 in San F r a n c is c o -O a k la n d . A v e ra g e h o u r ly e a r n in gs o f ja n ito r s ran ged fr o m $ 1 .0 5 in New O rle a n s to $ 2 .0 2 in San F r a n c is c o -O a k la n d . J a n ito r s ' e a rn in g s w e re h ig h er than th ose o f ja n it r e s s e s b y am ounts v a ry in g fr o m 8 ce n ts in D en v er to 52 cen ts in D e tr o it and M ilw a u k e e .13 P a y V a ria tio n s in O ccu p a tion a l E a rn in g s Individu al ea rn in g s v a r ie d c o n s id e r a b ly not on ly am ong o c c u pations and la b o r m a rk e ts but a ls o w ithin the sam e o c cu p a tio n s and la b o r m a r k e ts . E a rn in g s p r e se n te d in the a cco m p a n y in g ta b le* are 13 See p. 37 f o r an a n a ly s is o f d iffe r e n c e s betw een ea rn in g s o f m en and w om en in s im ila r o c cu p a tio n s . 21 a v e r a g e s , and do not in d ica te eith e r the b r o a d ran ge o f ea rn in g s that m a y o c c u r w ithin a given o ccu p a tio n o r the o v e rla p p in g o f pay ra tes am ong o c c u p a tio n s , in d u stry d iv is io n s , and la b o r m a rk e ts w ith w id ely d iv e r g e n t a v e r a g e s . The a v e r a g e s m a y a p p rox im a te the actu al e a r n in gs o f on ly a few o f the w o r k e r s . F o r e x a m p le , although m ain ten an ce m a ch in is ts in N ew O rlea n s m a n u factu rin g plants a v e r a g e d $ 2 .6 7 an h o u r, none o f th ese w o r k e r s ea rn ed fr o m $ 2 .6 0 to $ 2 .7 0 an hour (table A -1 0 ). A bout a th ird had e a rn in g s o f fr o m $ 2 .3 0 to $ 2 .4 0 and a lm o s t as m any w o r k e r s had ea rn in g s in the $3 to $ 3 .1 0 b r a c k e t. In S ea ttle, on the o th e r hand, to o l and die m a k e rs a v e r a g e d $ 3 .0 3 ; e a rn in g s o f 88 p e r c e n t o f the w o r k e r s w e re c o n c e n tra te d in the e a r n in gs in te rv a l o f $3 to $ 3 .1 0 , and ea rn in g s o f a ll to o l and die m a k e rs in Seattle fe ll in the n a r ro w ran ge fr o m $3 to $ 3 .3 0 . In o r d e r to b e tte r u n derstan d and u se the a v e r a g e , it is n e c e s s a r y to ex a m in e the in dividu al e a rn in g s w hich a re co m b in e d to c o m p ile the a v e r a g e .14 w h o le sa le tra d e , fo r e x a m p le , are c h a r a c t e r iz e d by pay le v e ls that fre q u e n tly equ al o r e x c e e d m a n u factu rin g a v e r a g e s f o r c o m p a ra b le w o rk in the sa m e a r e a . Job rate v a ria tio n is a ls o ty p ic a l am ong e sta b lis h m e n ts w ithin the sam e in d u stry and ev en am ong w o r k e r s in the sam e e sta b lis h m e n t. F o r e x a m p le , s a la r ie s o f s e c r e t a r ie s in a la rg e fo o d p r o c e s s in g fir m in 1 9 5 8 -5 9 ra n ged fr o m $7 7 to $151 a w eek w ith an esta b lis h m e n t a v e ra g e fo r s e c r e t a r ie s o f $ 1 0 4 .5 0 . In the sa m e a r e a , s a la r ie s o f s e c r e t a r ie s in an e le c t r o n ic com p on en ts fir m fe ll w ithin the above ran ge fr o m $81 to $ 1 3 2 .5 0 but the esta b lis h m e n t a v era g e fo r s e c r e ta r ie s w as $ 1 1 8 .5 0 . In an oth er m a n u factu rin g f ir m , s e c r e t a r i e s ' s a la r ie s ran ged fr o m $55 to $91 w ith an e sta b lis h m e n t a v e ra g e o f $ 6 9 .5 0 . A s p re a d in ea rn in g s is found in esta b lis h m e n ts with a f o r m a l ran ge o f r a te s fo r each jo b and a ls o in e sta b lis h m e n ts w hich d eterm in e ra te s on an in dividu al b a s is . B e ca u se o f the s p re a d o r v a r ia tio n in in dividu al e a r n in g s , it is c o m m o n p la ce to fin d som e w o r k e r s in jo b s r e q u irin g l e s s e r s k ill o r tra in in g r e c e iv in g h igh er s a la r ie s o r a v e ra g e h o u r ly e a rn in g s than th ose in jo b s re q u irin g h ig h er s k ills . A s an e x a m p le , in D e tr o it, g e n e r a l ste n o g r a p h e rs a v e r a g e d $ 8 9 .5 0 a w eek in m an u factu rin g in 1 9 5 8 -5 9 c o m p a r e d with an a v era g e o f $ 6 7 .5 0 fo r w om en file c le r k s (rou tin e) in this in d u stry g rou p (table A - 2 ) . T w e n ty -e ig h t p e r c e n t o f the routine file c le r k s a v e r a g e d at le a s t $75 a w eek , w h erea s n e a r ly 14 The d is trib u tio n o f w o r k e r s b y a v e ra g e h o u rly o r w eek ly 10 p e r ce n t o f the g e n e ra l ste n o g ra p h e rs w e re earn in g le s s than that ea rn in g s is p r e se n te d in the in dividu al a r e a b u lle tin s. See la s t page am ount. T h is o v e r la p in e a rn in g s is a ls o c o m m o n b etw een a r e a s and f o r lis tin g o f th ese b u lle tin s . in d u stry g rou p s with w id e ly d iv e rg e n t a v e r a g e s . S om e sp re a d in the ra te s paid to w o r k e r s in the sa m e jo b and a r e a is a ccou n ted fo r by in te rin d u s try d iffe r e n c e s in pay. In g e n e r a l, a v e ra g e ea rn in g s o f plant and o ffic e w o r k e r s tended to be h ig h e r in m a n u factu rin g than in n on m an u factu rin g in d u s tr ie s . E a ch o f th ese g rou p s in clu d es a w ide v a r ie ty o f in d u str ie s that d iffe r in le v e l o f ra te s paid. Such n onm an ufacturin g in d u str ie s as pu blic u tilitie s and A: Occupational Earnings Table A -l. O ffice occu patbn s-all industries (A verage w eekly earnings 1 fo r selected occupations studied in 6 broad industry d iv isio n s, w inter 1958-59) South N ortheast Sex, occupation, and grade Boston* N ewarkBuffalo Je rse y City2 New Y ork City1 Ph ila Atlanta delphia1 B alti m o re Dallas North Central M em phis1 W est LOS M inne New M ilwau C h icago1 D etroit1 a p o lis - St. L ou is1 D enver A n geles Orleans kee Long St. Paul B each1 P ort land San F ra n Seattle1 c is c o Oakland2 Office clerical Men C lerk s: A ccounting, cla ss A ..... P a y r o l l -------------------------------------O ffice b o y s ------------------------------------Tabulating-m achine operators — — $ 8 8 .0 0 $100.50 6 5.00 90. 50 86.50 9 7 .5 0 84.50 107. 50 5 0.50 55.50 75.50 9 4 .0 0 $94.00 82.50 89.50 8 8.50 5 6.50 79.00 $ 9 4 .0 0 70.50 80.50 82.00 53.50 77.50 $ 9 4 .0 0 70. 50 82.50 89.00 50.50 78. 50 $9 3 .5 0 73.50 74. 50 81.00 51.50 79.50 $96. 50 84.50 81.50 107.50 4 9 .5 0 84. 50 $ 9 6 .0 0 77.00 74.50 80.50 4 9 .0 0 76.50 $ 9 1 .0 0 - 70.00 _ 4 5 .5 0 84. 50 $ 8 9 .5 0 $101.00 $112.50 $103.50 85.50 80.00 68.0 0 79.00 69.50 9 9 .5 0 106.50 88.00 88.00 9 6 .5 0 108.50 6 2.00 4 5 .5 0 59.00 59. 50 78.00 88.50 9 5 .0 0 89.50 $ 9 4 .5 0 73. 50 9 0 .0 0 81.50 50.50 79.00 $ 9 3 .5 0 75. 50 84.50 88.00 5 3.00 88. 50 $ 9 1 .0 0 $100.00 $102.00 76.50 81.00 9 4 .0 0 9 6 .5 0 75.00 80.0 0 103.50 4 9 .0 0 62.50 56.00 9 2 .5 0 102.50 81.00 $ 9 9 .5 0 85.00 9 9 .5 0 9 8 .5 0 60.0 0 89.50 $ 9 9 .0 0 - 9 3 .0 0 95 .5 0 58.50 88.50 Women B illers, m achine: B illing m achine --------—....... >---Bookkeeping m a c h i n e -------------Bookkeeping-m ach ine op e ra to rs: C lass A ------------------------------------C lass B ------------------------------------C lerk s; A ccounting, cla ss A ----------------F ile , cla sa A ^ - -------------------------F ile , cla ss B ---------------------------O rder ----------------------------------------P a y r o l l -------------------------------------Com ptom eter o p e r a t o r s ---------------D uplicating-m achine op erators (M im eograph o r D i t t o ) ---------------K ey-punch op erators ------------- ;------O ffice g i r l s -----------------------------------S e c r e t a r i e s ------------------------------ -----S tenographers: G eneral ------------------------------------T e c h n ic a l----------------------------------Sw itchboard o p e r a t o r s -----------------Sw itchboard o p e r a to r Tabulating-m achine o p e r a t o r s -----T ra n scribin g-m ach in e op e ra to rs, general ----------------------------------------T ypists: C lass A ------------------------------------C lass B ------------------------------------- 6 4.00 54.50 71.00 56.00 6 4.50 5 9.00 6 8.50 72.00 62.50 60.00 61.00 57.50 60. 50 54.50 61.50 55.00 56.50 50.50 55.50 4 8 .0 0 70. 50 68.5 0 71.00 62.50 59.00 61.50 59.00 61.00 63.5 0 68.0 0 6 3.00 5 4.50 72.00 74.00 66.50 59.00 85. 50 70.00 64.00 64.00 64.5 0 57.50 71.00 53.00 74.50 60.0 0 76.50 66. 00 69. 50 57. 50 65.50 60.5 0 67. 50 53.00 68.50 57. 00 70.50 54.0 0 6 1.50 53. 50 82.00 70.00 82.50 67.00 74.00 6 1.50 71.00 58. 50 66.50 58.00 75.00 58. 00 8 5.50 6 4.00 80.00 61.5 0 85.00 64. 50 72.50 61.00 72.00 59. 50 62.00 4 9 .0 0 61.00 6 6.00 59.50 80.0 0 63.50 66.00 54.50 65.00 71.50 66.50 81.50 64.00 67.50 52. 50 6 5.50 75.00 71.00 84.00 66.50 68.00 55.00 68.00 77. 50 70. 50 77.00 60.00 65.50 4 9 .5 0 61.00 69.00 64.00 79.50 60. 50 61.50 49.5 0 59.50 69.00 65. 50 73.00 62.00 65.00 4 8.00 54.00 67.00 65.50 75.00 59.50 58.50 4 8.50 59.50 67.50 64.50 69.00 56.50 55.50 49. 50 58. 50 61.00 57.00 75.50 58.00 59.00 4 7 .0 0 58.00 62.00 60.00 87.0 0 70.00 70.50 57.50 70.50 79.00 74.00 93 .0 0 70.50 82.50 57.00 71.50 82.00 78.50 8 3.00 6 4.50 6 6.00 56.00 64.50 70.00 63.00 74.50 6 0.00 61.50 50.00 61.50 68.00 64.50 80.50 6 0.50 65.00 5 3.00 6 0.00 68.00 66.00 75.50 6 1.50 61.5 0 55.00 60.5 0 72.00 6 3.00 8 6.50 71.50 71.50 58.00 81.00 82.50 80. 50 81.00 70.00 67.00 50.50 65.50 73.00 70.00 84.50 69.50 75.50 56.00 80.00 84. 00 76.00 76.50 68.00 73.00 58.50 70.00 75.50 68.50 56.00 60.00 4 9 .5 0 76.00 6 1.00 67. 50 54.00 82.50 65.50 65.50 55.00 85.50 61.50 65. 50 52.00 88.00 57.00 62.00 4 8 .0 0 81.50 59.00 62. 50 50.50 80.00 61.50 62.00 4 8 .0 0 78.50 59.50 61.00 48.5 0 79.00 56.00 57. 50 4 6 .5 0 68.50 61.00 4 0 .5 0 78.50 65.50 72.00 59.00 89.50 70.00 77.50 61.50 9 4 .5 0 64.00 65. 50 51.0 0 85.5 0 55.00 58.00 4 7 .0 0 76.50 61.50 64. 50 5 3.00 81.00 65.00 5 9.50 4 9 .5 0 81.50 69.00 77.50 59.50 9 0 .5 0 61.50 70. 50 49.0 0 83.00 6 9.50 71.50 5 9.50 8 9.00 58.50 70. 50 5 2.50 85.00 6 5.50 68.00 61.50 72.00 78.50 65.00 70.00 73.00 68.00 71.00 85.00 70.00 66.00 70. 50 62.00 67.50 58.50 66.00 58.00 69.00 88.00 56.00 60.00 44.0 0 63.00 4 7 .0 0 75.50 85.00 70.50 85.00 9 4 .0 0 74.50 68.50 63.00 64.00 66.50 62.00 6 6.50 71.50 62.00 67.50 79.00 62.00 78.50 89.00 73.50 71.50 62.00 78.00 77.00 71.50 74.00 72.00 6 6.50 6 1.50 63.50 62. 50 81.00 66.00 71.00 69.50 75.00 61.00 69.00 60.50 68. 50 59. 50 67.00 63.00 68.0 0 57.50 - 58.50 73.50 72.00 77. 50 71.50 87. 50 62.00 73.50 59.50 67.00 6 1.50 77.00 61.50 71.50 73.50 88.50 6 5.00 82.50 70.50 83.50 66.00 75.50 60.50 62.00 63.50 70.00 58.50 59.50 62.00 56.00 55.0 0 62.5 0 73.00 74.00 64.00 60.00 62.5 0 6 0.00 69.00 64.00 71.50 66.00 68.00 52.50 61.50 52.50 61.00 4 8 .5 0 59.00 51.50 72.50 63.50 84.50 65.50 69. 50 58.50 61.00 54.00 6 5.00 56.00 6 3.50 54.50 74.00 6 2.50 65.50 58.00 73.00 62.00 67.50 5 7.00 - 61.50 54.50 69.50 5 8.50 66. 50 57.50 67. 50 60.00 65.50 55.0 0 62.00 52.00 149.00 113.00 84.5 0 62.0 0 153.50 119.00 87.00 - 132.50 114.50 86.00 - 166.50 127.50 87.50 - 149.00 109.00 81.50 - 151.00 110.50 82.50 - 138.50 112.00 77.00 - 120.50 9 7 .0 0 76.00 - 108.00 72.50 - 111.50 81.00 - 145.00 127.00 9 3 .5 0 72.50 136.50 9 6 .0 0 85.00 147.00 113.00 89.50 73.50 108.00 84.50 - 146.50 115.50 89.00 74.50 150.50 128.50 82.50 - 142.00 112.50 9 0 .0 0 " 107.50 9 1 .5 0 “ 132.50 112.50 9 0 .0 0 “ 121.50 100.00 83.00 - 81.00 9 2 .0 0 88.50 9 3 .0 0 85.00 9 0 .0 0 89.00 84.00 80.00 84.50 9 2 .0 0 9 8 .0 0 87.00 85.00 85.00 82.50 9 7 .0 0 85.00 9 4 .0 0 9 4 .5 0 Professional and technical Men D raftsm en: Senior ......... ....... ................. . J u n i o r ----------------------------------------T r a c e r s ------------------------------------------W om en N u rses, industrial (re g is te re d ) — 1 Earnings rela te to standard sa la rie s that are paid fo r standard w ork schedules. 2 Exceptions to the standard industry lim itations are shown in footnotes 4 a n d /o r 5 to the table in appendix A . NOTE: Dashes indicate no data reported o r data that do not m eet publication c r ite r ia . 2a Table A-2. O ffice occupations-m anufacturing (Average weekly earnings 1 for selected occupations studied in manufacturing, winter 1958-59) 1 South N ortheast Sex, occupation, and grade B oston N ew arkBuffalo J e r s e y City New Y ork City P h ila delphia $96. 50 79.50 9 3 .5 0 8 8.00 57.00 87.50 $ 9 5 .5 0 78.00 82.5 0 8 2.50 53.50 81.50 $96. 50 71.50 M em phis New M ilwau C hicago D etroit O rleans kee $ 9 4 .5 0 $100.00 $108.50 80.50 75.00 82.50 . 76.00 77.00 110.00 82.50 53.00 50.00 51.00 9 4 .5 0 9 3 .0 0 88.00 $ 9 2 .5 0 66.00 - $91 .0 0 $103.50 $114.00 $105.50 7 1.00 8 6 .5 0 9 4 .0 0 83.5 0 9 8 .0 0 9 0 .0 0 73.50 114.50 9 6 .0 0 9 1 .0 0 114.00 4 6 .0 0 61.50 59.50 67.50 92 .0 0 100.00 9 2 .5 0 - Atlanta B a lti m o re D allas W est North, C entral Los Minne* A n geles a p o lis - St. Louis D enver Long St. Paul Beach P o r t land San F ran c is c o - Seattle Oakland Office clerical Men C lerk s: Accounting, cla ss B ---------------O rder --------- ----------P a y r o l l ------------------- ... ------ -- —» O ffice b o y s -----------------------------------Tabulating-m achine operators ——- $9 6 .0 0 $105.50 67.50 9 5 .5 0 80.00 102.00 110.50 50.50 58.50 79.00 9 7 .0 0 - 89.00 51.50 84.00 - 9 1 .0 0 $ 9 1 .5 0 6 8 .0 0 9 6 .0 0 - 4 9 .5 0 8 0.50 $ 9 5 .0 0 9 1 .0 0 88.50 88 .0 0 56.00 88 .0 0 $ 9 4 .0 0 $102.00 7 9.00 80 .0 0 9 4 .5 0 8 1.50 81 .5 0 102.50 65.50 9 4 .0 0 8 2 .5 0 $ 9 7 .0 0 $103.00 $101.50 9 0 .0 0 102.00 112.00 108.50 50.50 63.50 61.00 9 4 .0 0 - W om en B ille r s , m achine: Bookkeeping m achine — B ook keeping-m ach ine op e ra to rs: C lass A ------------------------------------C lass B ------------------------------------C lerk s: Accounting, cla ss A ---------------A ccounting, cla ss B ---------------O rd er --------------------------------------P a y r o l l ------------------------------------C om ptom eter operators ---------------D uplicating-m achine op erators (M im eograph o r D itto) ■ — - ■■■ . K ey-punch o p e r a t o r s --------------------O ffice g i r l s -----------------------------------S ecreta ries — ----- -----------------------Stenographer s : T e c h n ic a l---------------------------------Sw itchboard o p e r a t o r s ----------------Sw itchboard o p e ra to rreception ists ---- -------------------------Tabulating-m achine o p e r a t o r s -----T ran scribin g-m ach in e op e ra to rs, ■■ general --------- — ----- ---- ■■ Typists: C lass A - ------------- ----------- ----- - .... C lass B ------------------------------------- 62.00 - 73.00 - 63.50 61.50 71.00 71.00 64.50 - 61.50 - 61.50 - 67.5 0 - 57.00 - 60.00 - 70.50 - 74.00 - 63.5 0 - - 63.5 0 - - 68.00 77.50 72.00 - - - 71.50 6 3.00 81.00 64.50 79.50 68.00 78.00 72.00 72.50 64.50 75.00 63.00 70.00 64.00 72.00 61.50 62.50 67.00 64.00 81.0 0 74.00 88.00 79.00 79.00 65.50 64.00 74.50 6 5.50 6 6.00 87. 00 80.00 80 .5 0 67.00 86. 50 78.00 69.00 72.50 63.00 63.50 53.50 6 1.00 65.00 61.0 0 82.50 69.50 75.50 67.50 67.00 73.00 71.00 82.50 66.00 70.00 61.50 69.50 76.00 73.00 86.50 69.00 73.00 59.00 67.50 78.00 76.50 8 5.00 62.50 70.00 56.00 6 6.00 70.50 67.50 83.00 64.50 75.00 64.00 60.00 70.00 76.50 81.00 71.00 54.00 55.50 68.00 70.50 80.00 69.00 63.50 64.00 68.00 70.00 75.50 58.50 4 9 .5 0 62.00 64.00 65.50 74.50 59.50 6 6 .5 0 62.00 62.00 89.00 73.00 71.50 61.0 0 75.00 79.00 80.00 104.50 83.00 . 67.50 80.00 88.00 84.50 85.00 6 9.00 69.50 64.50 68.00 70.50 67.50 77.00 6 3.00 59.00 5 1.50 65.50 67.50 71.50 8 4.50 6 3.00 6 5.50 5 5.50 6 1.50 6 5.00 6 8.50 8 4.00 6 8 .0 0 72.50 69.50 87.50 75.00 81.00 6 8.00 80.00 8 3.50 83.50 8 3.00 71.50 5 7 .5 0 74.00 72.50 9 2 .5 0 78.0 0 8 0.50 6 9 .0 0 82.5 0 8 5 .0 0 79.50 78.00 6 9.50 68.00 78.50 73.50 55.50 62.50 54.50 78.00 73.00 56.50 85.00 72.00 5 5.50 87.00 68.50 52.5 0 9 2 .5 0 60.50 65.00 4 9 .5 0 85.50 77.50 83.00 69.00 85.00 68.50 58.50 81.50 66.50 47 .5 0 71.00 8 0.50 6 4.00 74.00 61.50 9 1 .0 0 77.50 84.50 70.50 101.50 68.50 68.50 57.50 8 9.00 60.00 4 6 .0 0 78.00 59.50 64.50 52.50 84.50 70.50 85.0 0 74.00 79.50 62.50 9 1 .5 0 6 5.50 8 1 .0 0 71.00 75.00 64.50 9 3 .0 0 72.50 64.00 9 0 .0 0 68.00 68.00 70.00 77.00 73. 50 77.50 73.50 72.00 74.00 75.00 9 1 .5 0 75.50 67. 50 73.50 71.00 68.50 78.00 76.00 72.50 75.50 - • 69.00 64.50 - 6 6.50 - 77.00 77.00 89.50 8 6.50 71.00 • 78.00 64.50 66.50 68.50 73.00 72.00 72.50 72.50 8 2.00 9 4 .0 0 62.00 73.50 - 82 .5 0 81 .5 0 76.50 75.50 63.00 71.00 66.50 86.50 66.00 76.00 69.50 78.00 63.00 80.00 58.00 - 59.50 - 62.00 - 58.50 - 57.00 - 73.50 - 75.50 9 5 .5 0 65.50 78.50 61.50 - 6 2.50 78.50 6 1.00 - 73.50 89.50 6 6.50 - 70.50 85.50 68.5 0 - - 64.00 6 3.50 68.00 73.50 60.00 58.50 69.50 60.00 52.00 - 75.00 86.50 6 5.00 6 1.50 6 3.00 6 5.50 6 8.50 69.50 75.50 - 6 1.00 58.00 75.50 64. o a 68.00 61.50 73.00 64.50 69.50 57. 50 74.50 56.50 73.00 6 3.50 64.00 60.50 63.00 51.0 0 67.5 0 52.50 73.00 65.00 87.00 73.00 73.50 61.00 6 0.00 55.00 68.00 60.00 6 7.50 57. 50 78.50 6 9.00 74.50 6 2.50 8 2.50 68 .5 0 73.00 6 3.00 141.50 111.50 8 6 .5 0 156.00 120.00 8 7.00 132.00 113.50 86.50 162.50 114.50 82.00 149.50 108.50 83.5 0 148.50 109.50 86.50 141.00 115.00 82.00 106.50 9 3 .0 0 73.00 111.00 74.00 111.50 81.5 0 140.00 119.50 89.0 0 . 135.50 9 7 .5 0 146.00 113.00 89.00 106.00 8 5.00 147.00 116.00 8 6 .5 0 104.50 8 0 .0 0 139.50 111.00 9 0 .0 0 108.50 9 4 .0 0 133.00 114.00 90. 50 120.50 97. 50 78.50 81.50 9 3 .0 0 88.50 9 7 .0 0 85.00 9 3 .5 0 9 1 .5 0 85.00 “ 87.0 0 9 2 .0 0 9 9 .0 0 8 7.00 8 5.50 8 5.00 " 9 8 .0 0 8 4 .0 0 9 5 .0 0 9 6 .0 0 Professional and technical Men D raftsm en: W om en N u rses, industrial (re g is te re d ) — 1 Earnings rela te to standard sa la rie s that are paid fo r standard w ork schedules. NOTE: Dashes indicate no data reported o r data that do not m eet publication c r ite r ia . 24 Table A-3. Office occupafions-nonm anufacturing (A verage w eekly earnings 1 fo r selected occupations studied in nonm anufacturing, winter 1958-59) Mortheast Sex, occupation, and grade NewarkB oston2 Buffalo Je rse y C ity2 South North Central New P h ila York Atlanta delphia2 C ity2 B a lti m ore M em D allas > phis2 West L os New M ilwau M inneC h icago2 D etroit2 a p o lis - St. L o u is 2 Denver A n g e le s O rleans kee Long St. Paul B ea ch 2 P o r t land San F ra n Seattle2 c is c o Oakland2 Office clerical Men C lerk s: A ccounting, cla ss A ____________ Accounting, c la s s B ____________ O r d e r ____ _________________ P a y ro ll __________________________ O ffice boys _________________________ Tabulating-m achine o p e r a t o r s ____ $85 .50 64. 00 88. 00 79. 00 50. 00 7 1 .5 0 $ 89 .00 51. 00 - $90 .00 85. 00 86. 50 55.5 0 7 4 .5 0 $93 .50 6 9 .0 0 80. 00 82. 00 53.5 0 7 6 .5 0 $88.00 69. 00 85. 00 89. 00 4 9 .5 0 72. 00 $93 .50 7 3 .0 0 7 4 .0 0 85. 00 5 1.50 7 5 .5 0 $91 .50 87.0 0 8 2 .5 0 4 7 .5 0 78. 00 $92.00 74.0 0 7 4 .5 0 79. 00 48. 00 7 1 .5 0 $88 .50 7 1 .5 0 44. 00 80. 00 $89 .00 67. 00 6 9 .0 0 8 5 .5 0 45. 00 7 6 .0 0 66. 00 5 2 .5 0 56. 00 66. 50 57. 00 6 7 .5 0 72.5 0 6 1.50 5 7 .5 0 60. 50 56.5 0 51. 00 59. 00 5 3 .5 0 5 6.00 5 0 .5 0 53 .5 0 4 8 .0 0 7 0 .5 0 65 .5 0 62. 00 56. 00 64. 00 50. 00 67.5 0 5 6 .5 0 76. 00 65. 50 6 4 .5 0 56. 00 63. 50 60. 50 6 4 .5 0 5 1 .5 0 6 7.50 5 5.50 7 1 .5 0 5 1 .5 0 58 .0 0 5 2 .5 0 7 1 .5 0 5 8 .5 0 61. 00 48. 00 60.5 0 6 6 .5 0 5 8 .0 0 77. 00 57 .5 0 4 5 .5 0 66. 50 60. 00 81. 00 62. 00 66. 00 5 0 .0 0 6 3 .0 0 7 2 .0 0 69. 00 83.5 0 6 5 .5 0 6 6 .5 0 5 4 .5 0 6 8 .5 0 77. 50 6 9 .5 0 72. 00 58 .5 0 6 2.00 48. 00 58. 00 6 5.50 6 1.50 79. 00 6 0.00 5 9 .5 0 4 8 .5 0 5 9 .5 0 68. 00 6 4 .5 0 7 0 .5 0 60. 00 60. 00 4 6 .5 0 5 3 .5 0 66. 00 6 3 .0 0 73. 00 5 7.50 58. 00 4 7 .5 0 5 6.50 67. 00 6 1 .5 0 67. 00 56. 00 5 6 .5 0 4 9 .5 0 56. 00 58. 50 5 4.00 5 7 .0 0 58. 50 4 8 .5 0 7 4 .5 0 5 9 .5 0 77.50 61. 50 55. 00 84. 00 60. 00 6 4 .5 0 52. 00 86.5 0 53. 59. 47. 78. 00 00 00 00 60. 00 49. 50 79. 00 5 9 .0 0 4 6 .5 0 74. 00 5 8.50 4 5 .5 0 78. 50 64. 00 6 7 .5 0 5 9.50 62. 00 5 6 .5 0 67. 00 73. 50 64. 50 6 9 .5 0 8 0.00 6 9 .0 0 6 3 .5 0 69. 00 5 9 .5 0 67. 00 54.5 0 58. 50 5 2 .5 0 6 0 .5 0 6 1 .5 0 57. 00 - 66. 00 6 7 .5 0 6 9 .5 0 7 5 .0 0 5 9 .5 0 6 3 .5 0 61. 00 6 5 .5 0 59. 50 6 3 .0 0 $99 .00 $106.50 7 6 .0 0 77 .5 0 100.00 102.50 9 7 .5 0 91 .0 0 5 8.00 57. 00 8 6.50 87 .5 0 $99 .00 85. 00 59 .5 0 82 .5 0 $96 .50 7 5 .5 0 8 8 .5 0 51. 00 7 8 .5 0 $ 92 .00 6 8 .5 0 8 1 .5 0 4 9 .5 0 8 9 .5 0 $90 .00 7 5 .5 0 7 3 .5 0 49. 50 80.5 0 68. 00 - 56 .5 0 6 1 .5 0 5 8 .5 0 59 .5 0 63. 00 - 6 3 .5 0 5 4 .5 0 73. 00 7 0 .0 0 83. 00 69. 00 7 8 .0 0 6 3 .0 0 60. 00 6 9 .5 0 5 6 .5 0 6 3 .5 0 54 .5 0 74. 00 5 7 .5 0 7 5 .5 0 5 7 .5 0 5 7 .5 0 4 6 .5 0 56. 00 6 1 .5 0 5 9 .5 0 86. 00 6 8 .5 0 69. 50 5 7 .0 0 68. 00 79. 00 7 1 .0 0 8 4 .0 0 66. 00 6 8 .5 0 54.5 0 6 7 .5 0 72. 00 6 7 .5 0 80. 00, 62. 00 4 9 .5 0 59.5 0 6 8 .5 0 6 0 .5 0 7 4 .0 0 5 9 .5 0 65. 00 5 0 .0 0 59. 50 68. 00 6 1 .5 0 7 6 .5 0 58.5 0 64. 00 5 1 .5 0 5 9 .5 0 73. 50 6 2 .5 0 5 3 .5 0 4 6 .5 0 67. 00 59.0 0 4 0 .0 0 78. 00 68. 00 71. 00 5 7 .5 0 8 8.50 6 2 .5 0 68. 00 5 3 .5 0 8 5.50 6 1 .5 0 4 8 .0 0 81. 00 57. 00 4 7 .5 0 7 5 .5 0 65. 00 78. 00 53. 00 5 6 .5 0 41. 00 6 2 .5 0 4 6 .5 0 7 4 .5 0 8 3.50 6 8 .0 0 73. 00 6 5 .5 0 64. 00 5 7 .5 0 6 3 .5 0 6 6 .0 0 5 7 .0 0 - 60. 00 - 71. 00 7 7 .5 0 6 7 .5 0 7 5 .5 0 5 7 .5 0 7 0 .5 0 $97 .50 $104.00 8 5 .0 0 9 3 .5 0 9 3 .5 0 105.00 6 0 .5 0 9 1 .5 0 104.50 $95 .00 81. 00 95. 00 9 0 .5 0 5 8 .5 0 8 7.50 $97 .50 90.5 0 _ 56. 00 92. 00 6 4 .5 0 5 6 .5 0 8 4 .0 0 6 9 .0 0 6 3 .0 0 63. 00 8 4 .5 0 6 2 .0 0 6 0 .5 0 83 .5 0 63. 00 7 2 .0 0 6 0 .0 0 7 3 .0 0 6 0 .5 0 61. 00 5 0 .0 0 5 9 .5 0 72. 00 6 1 .5 0 8 5.50 6 9 .0 0 6 7 .5 0 54. 50 82. 00 81 .0 0 78. 00 7 9 .5 0 69. 50 6 7 .0 0 49. 00 67. 00 7 2 .0 0 69. 00 81. 00 6 7 .5 0 7 4 .5 0 5 5 .5 0 79. 00 82 .5 0 7 4 .5 0 76. 00 6 6.00 66. 50 5 3.50 7 0 .0 0 7 2 .5 0 6 7 .0 0 65. 00 54. 00 77. 00 5 7 .5 0 49. 00 80. 50 6 4 .5 0 7 5 .0 0 57. 50 90. 00 7 3 .5 0 48. 00 84. 00 6 7 .5 0 7 0 .0 0 56. 00 8 6 .5 0 58.50 68. 00 4 9 .5 0 8 0.50 6 3 .5 0 67. 00 6 0 .5 0 64. 00 56 .5 0 66. 00 5 9 .5 0 75. 50 8 4 .5 0 6 9 .5 0 71. 00 6 1 .5 0 75. 00 6 8 .5 0 70. 00 64 .5 0 58. 00 65. 00 6 0 .5 0 7 5 .5 0 6 2 .0 0 6 8 .5 0 7 3 .5 0 8 8 .0 0 6 4 .5 0 - 70. 50 8 2 .5 0 65. 00 7 0 .5 0 Women B ille r s , m achine: B illing m achine Bookkeeping m achine Bookkeeping-m ach ine o p era tors: C la ss A ______________ ____ C la ss B ______________________ C lerk s: Accounting, c la s s A ___________ _ Accounting, cla s s B ____________ F ile , cla s s A ___________________ F ile , c la s s B _________________ O rd er ___________________________ P a y ro ll --------------------------------------C om ptom eter op erators _ _ D uplicating-m achine o p erators (M im eograph o r D itto) ___________ K ey-punch op erators ______________ O ffice g i r l s ------------- __ ___________ S e c r e t a r ie s _____ __ __ ___________ Stenographers; G e n e r a l__________________________ T echn ical _________________ ____ Sw itchboard op erators ____________ Sw itchboard o p era to rrecep tion ists ________ ___________ Tabulating-m achine o p e r a t o r s ____ T ra n scribin g-m ach in e op e ra to rs, general ___________________________ Typi sts: C la ss A ________ ________ _____ C la ss B __________________________ 5 8 .5 0 5 9 .5 0 61. 00 69. 00 58. 00 5 9 .5 0 59. 00 56. 00 56. 00 62. 00 7 1 .5 0 68. 00 6 3 .5 0 59. 00 6 2 .0 0 58. 00 6 9 .5 0 62 .5 0 71. 00 66. 50 6 2 .5 0 53. 00 57. 00 5 1 .5 0 64. 50 56. 00 6 6 .5 0 5 9.50 6 1 .5 0 53. 00 6 0 .0 0 52. 00 59-50 4 9 .5 0 61. 00 5 0 .5 0 5 9 .5 0 4 7 .5 0 5 7 .5 0 51 .5 0 72. 00 6 2 .5 0 72. 00 61. 00 60. 00 5 5 .5 0 6 1 .5 0 54. 00 62. 00 52. 00 61. 00 54. 00 7 0 .0 0 59 .5 0 6 2 .5 0 56. 50 6 9.50 6 1 .0 0 62. 00 55. 50 114.50 81. 00 111.50 - 118.50 8 4.50 133.50 9 0.50 111.50 7 7 .5 0 113.00 7 4 .5 0 104.50 7 3 .0 0 109.50 79 .0 0 - 111.00 80. 00 136.50 102.00 138. 50 92.5 0 - 114.00 8 2 .5 0 110.50 97. 00 8 6 .5 0 126.50 - 104.50 " 108.50 " 114.00 9 3 .0 0 80. 50 " 90.5 0 8 3 .5 0 - " - - 9 2 .0 0 “ - - - 9 3.00 - Professional and technical Men D raftsm en: S e n i o r ____ __ __ ___________ J u n io r ________ _________________ W omen N u rses, industrial (r e g is t e r e d )___ 1 Earnings relate to standard s a la rie s that are paid fo r standard w ork schedules. 2 E xceptions to the standard industry lim itations are shown in footnotes 4 a n d /o r 5 to the table in appendix A . NOTE: D ashes indicate no data reported o r data that do not m eet publication c r it e r ia .. 25 Table A-4. O ffice occupations-public utilities* (A verage w eekly earnings 1 fo r selected occupations studied in transportation, com m unication, and other public u tilities, w inter 1958-59) N ortheast Sex, occupation, and grade NewarkBoston2 Buffalo Je rse y City South New Y ork C ity2 P h ila delphia Atlanta B a lti m ore D allas North C entral M em p h is2 West L os M inneNew A ngelesC h ica g o 2 D etroit* M ilwau a p o lis - St. Louis D enver O rleans Long kee St. Paul Beach* P o r t land San F ra n Seattle2 c is c o Oakland2 Office clerical Men C lerk s: Accounting, cla s s A _____ _ A ccounting, c la s s B ____ ____ O ffice boys ________________________ _ Tabulating-m achine o p e r a t o r s ____ $98 .00 5 8 .0 0 4 7 .0 0 $98.00 - - - 77 .5 0 66. 00 50 .5 0 6 9 .0 0 6 1 .0 0 90. 00 6 8 .0 0 7 2.50 88.0 0 7 3 .0 0 7 0 .5 0 87.0 0 6 7 .5 0 88. 50 6 6 .5 0 75. 00 9 2 .5 0 7 7 .5 0 7 8 .5 0 5 9 .0 0 7 8 .5 0 7 5 .0 0 6 6 .5 0 5 0 .5 0 9 4.00 7 3 .5 0 7 4 .0 0 8 5 .0 0 7 0 .0 0 6 1 .5 0 5 8.00 6 2 .0 0 6 3 .5 0 6 1 .5 0 9 3 .5 0 6 8 .0 0 72 .0 0 6 1 .0 0 - - 67. 00 - 87. 50 5 2.00 5 9.00 6 2 .5 0 - - - $89 .50 $100.00 8 2.50 5 7 .5 0 5 5 .5 0 92 .5 0 - $97 .50 $107.00 7 3 .5 0 81 .5 0 4 5 .5 0 7 8 .5 0 - - $90. 00 7 5 .5 0 5 0 .0 0 7 6.50 - - $85 .00 $105.00 $106.50 $106.50 $10 8.50 6 8 .0 0 7 6 .5 0 8 4 .5 0 4 6 .0 0 6 3 .0 0 6 0 .0 0 9 4.00 98.0 0 " $87 .00 - $88 .50 - - 6 2 .5 0 $97.00 $103.00 $104.50 9 0 .5 0 6 0 .0 0 6 1 .5 0 9 2.00 9 4 .5 0 - $92 .00 - W omen B ille r s , m achine (billing m achine) __ ________ __ ________ C lerk s: Accounting, c la s s A ____________ Accounting, c la s s B ____________ F ile , c la s s A ___________________ ______________ __ F ile , c la s s B P a y ro ll ___________________ ____ C om ptom eter op era to rs ___________ K ey-punch op era to rs ________ ____ O ffice g i r l s _____________________ — S e c r e t a r ie s _____ ____ ___________ Stenographers, general ____________ Sw itchboard op era to rs ____________ Sw itchboard o p era to rrecep tion ists _____________________ Tabulating-m achine o p e r a t o r s ____ T yp ists: C la ss A _________________________ C la ss B _________________________ - - 8 9 .5 0 6 7 .0 0 5 7 .0 0 7 4 .5 0 71 .5 0 6 8 .5 0 97 .5 0 7 3 .0 0 - $ 72 .00 6 1 .5 0 4 9 .5 0 8 9.50 6 4 .5 0 72. 00 56. 00 7 2 .5 0 7 2 .5 0 6 8 .0 0 4 9 .5 0 83. 00 6 6 .0 0 6 2 .5 0 $74 .50 - 7 8 .5 0 6 8 .0 0 6 3 .5 0 8 2 .5 0 61. 00 60. 00 6 6 .5 0 66. 00 7 6 .5 0 - - 72. 00 7 7 .0 0 - 7 0.50 64. 50 59. 00 5 8.00 6 3 .5 0 5 9.50 56 .5 0 63.5 0 52. 00 - 134.00 86. 00 - 111.50 - - 9 7.50 6 3 .0 0 - 9 1.00 7 0 .0 0 - - - - - - 91 .5 0 7 2 .0 0 6 3 .5 0 8 4 .0 0 7 7 .0 0 7 7 .5 0 9 6 .5 0 8 0 .5 0 82. 00 9 7.00 7 4 .0 0 5 7.00 7 0 .5 0 70. 00 6 8 .5 0 6 4 .0 0 8 8 .5 0 7 7 .5 0 8 3 .5 0 70. 50 5 5 .5 0 7 0 .5 0 64. 00 9 5 .5 0 7 1 .5 0 - 7 7 .5 0 6 4 .5 0 5 2 .0 0 71. 00 6 1 .0 0 5 7 .0 0 77. 00 6 9 .0 0 7 4 .5 0 90. 00 6 6 .5 0 6 0 .5 0 77. 00 7 0 .5 0 8 8.50 7 2 .5 0 - 6 1 .5 0 - 74. 50 - 68. 00 - - 5 8 .5 0 - - 5 8 .5 0 5 8 .5 0 77. 00 65. 50 81. 00 67. 00 6 3 .0 0 5 5 .5 0 - - 125.50 - 124.00 9 1.50 - - 7 7 .0 0 - - - 66. 00 80. 00 6 4 .5 0 5 4 .0 0 7 6 .5 0 6 1 .5 0 8 7 .5 0 7 2 .5 0 - 8 8 .5 0 7 0 .5 0 7 3 .5 0 91. 00 77. 00 7 4 .5 0 6 5 .0 0 9 6 .0 0 82. 00 8 0 .0 0 8 1 .5 0 80. 00 72. 00 9 2 .0 0 7 4 .0 0 74. 00 90.5 0 7 3 .5 0 8 5 .5 0 6 9 .5 0 8 6.00 8 2.50 7 8 .0 0 91.5 0 80. 00 8 3 .0 0 80.0 0 68. 00 6 2 .0 0 7 1 .5 0 8 5 .5 0 69 .5 0 - 6 8 .0 0 87.0 0 66. 50 66.5 0 89. 50 - - 86. 00 88. 00 6 7.50 - 6 9 .5 0 - 6 2 .5 0 6 7 .5 0 7 1 .5 0 6 5 .5 0 65. 00 7 6 .5 0 67. 00 64. 00 58.50 - " - 8 8 .0 0 124.50 - - - " - - - " - - - 5 9 .5 0 Professional and technical Men Draftsm en: S e n i o r ____ ____ ________ .. J u n io r ________ __ ______________ W omen N u rses, industrial ( r e g is t e r e d ) ___ - ' _________ 1 Earnings relate to standard sa laries that are paid fo r standard w ork schedules. 2 1 or m ore utilities are m unicipally operated, and, th e re fo re , excluded fro m the scope o f the studies. * Tran sportation (excluding ra ilro a d s), com m unication, and other public u tilities. NOTE: D ashes indicate no data reported o r data that do not m eet publication c r ite r ia . See footnote 4 to the table in appendix A. 26 Table A-5. O ffice occupations-w holesale trade (A verage w eekly earnings 1 fo r se le cte d occupations studied in w holesale trade, w inter 1958-59) N ortheast Sex, occupation, and grade South B oston N ewarkJ e rse y City New Y ork City P h ila delphia $ 9 5 .0 0 7 0 .5 0 8 8 .5 0 5 9 .5 0 8 4 .0 0 $ 8 7 .5 0 - $95. 50 7 8 .0 0 80. 00 5 6 .5 0 8 2.50 $ 6 9 . 00 83 .5 0 5 4 .5 0 8 0 .5 0 Atlanta North C entral B a lti m ore C h icago D etroit M innea p o lis St. Paul $ 8 6 .5 0 “ $ 101.50 7 6 .0 0 101.00 5 8 .5 0 91 .0 0 $ 112.50 8 0 .5 0 102.50 88 .0 0 $ 8 7 .0 0 7 5 .5 0 8 7 .5 0 5 5 .0 0 - West St. L ou is L os A n geles Long Beach ---------5SH--------F ra n c is c o Oakland Office clerical Men C lerk s: Accounting, c la s s A ____________ Accounting, c la s s B _____ O rd er __ __ — __ ____ O ffice b o y s _________________________ Tabulating-m achine o p e r a t o r s ____ $ 9 3 .5 0 7 3 .5 0 7 4 .0 0 5 4 .0 0 81 .5 0 $ 9 5 .5 0 8 4 .0 0 5 4 .0 0 $ 9 8 .0 0 9 3 .5 0 6 2 .0 0 9 1 .0 0 $ 9 8 .0 0 9 5 .5 0 9 7 .5 0 W omen B ille r s , m achine (billing m achine) __ . . „ ------- ------B ook keeping-m ach ine op e ra to rs: C la ss A __________________________ C la ss B ___— — __ -------------------C lerk s: A ccounting, c la s s A __ __ __ A ccounting, cla s s B ____________ F ile , c la s s A ___________________ F ile , c la s s B _____ ____ _ ___ O rd er P a y ro ll „ __ __ „ ____ __ C om ptom eter op era to rs ________ K ey-pu nch op era to rs ____ __ __ O ffice g i r l s _________________________ S e c r e t a r ie s _________________________ Stenographers, g e n e r a l__ __ __ __ Sw itchboard o p e r a t o r s _____________ Sw itchboard o p e ra to rrecep tion ists ______________________ T ran scrib in g-m a ch in e o p e ra to rs, gen eral ____ __ ____ __ T yp ists: C la s s A .................................. C la ss B - ....................................... 7 2 .5 0 - 7 3 .0 0 - 7 0 .5 0 - 7 1 .5 0 - 6 2 .5 0 - 8 0 .0 0 - 6 3 .0 0 6 4 .0 0 6 1 .0 0 76. 00 7 3 .5 0 6 7 .0 0 7 0 .5 0 6 4 .5 0 - “ 8 3 .5 0 6 8 .5 0 8 9 .5 0 7 8 .0 0 7 6 .5 0 60. 00 6 2 .0 0 89 .0 0 7 5 .0 0 85 .5 0 7 1 .5 0 7 8 .0 0 6 0 .5 0 5 1 .5 0 6 5 .0 0 7 5 .0 0 6 3 .5 0 6 9 .5 0 7 7 .0 0 7 3 .5 0 6 5 .5 0 6 8 .5 0 4 9 .5 0 67. 00 7 5 .5 0 6 8 .0 0 81 .5 0 7 2 .5 0 - 8 7 .5 0 7 0 .5 0 70. 00 5 8 .0 0 6 9 .5 0 8 3 .0 0 7 1 .0 0 6 6 .5 0 87 .5 0 74. 00 7 2 .5 0 8 3 .0 0 6 7 .5 0 5 1 .5 0 61. 00 6 7 .5 0 6 0 .5 0 4 5 .5 0 8 1 .5 0 6 7 .5 0 7 1 .0 0 8 0 .0 0 6 6 .0 0 6 3 .5 0 5 6 .5 0 6 3 .0 0 7 5 .0 0 6 5 .5 0 7 1 .0 0 5 1 .5 0 8 2 .0 0 7 0 .0 0 - 69. 00 5 4 .0 0 6 8 .5 0 7 9 .0 0 7 5 .0 0 7 8 .5 0 - 9 0 .0 0 7 2 .5 0 7 4 .0 0 6 0 .5 0 7 3 .5 0 7 8 .5 0 7 4 .5 0 7 1 .0 0 5 9 .0 0 9 1 .0 0 7 5 .5 0 7 5 .5 0 8 5 .0 0 6 7 .5 0 5 9 .0 0 7 6 .0 0 7 5 .0 0 77. 00 8 7 .0 0 7 6 .0 0 7 7 .0 0 7 6 .5 0 6 1 .5 0 5 5 .5 0 7 1 .5 0 7 6 .5 0 6 3 .0 0 6 1 .0 0 5 1 .5 0 8 0 .5 0 6 6 .5 0 - 7 9 .5 0 6 2 .5 0 5 4 .5 0 7 4 .5 0 6 3 .5 0 72. 00 7 7 .0 0 64. 00 - 8 2 .0 0 7 4 .0 0 6 0 .0 0 8 4 .5 0 8 4 .5 0 7 9 .5 0 8 1 .5 0 60. 00 9 0 .5 0 78. 00 7 7 .0 0 8 2 .5 0 7 6 .5 0 57.0 0 9 5.00 89.5 0 7 5 .5 0 7 6 .0 0 91.5 0 8 0.00 7 4 .5 0 7 1 .0 0 6 5 .0 0 69. 00 7 0 .5 0 58 .0 0 6 3 .5 0 6 0 .0 0 6 9 .0 0 7 5 .5 0 6 1 .5 0 5 9 .5 0 7 5 .5 0 6 5 .5 0 - 6 9 .5 0 6 5 .0 0 6 6 .0 0 - 74. 00 7 7 .5 0 6 1 .0 0 6 7 .0 0 7 3 .0 0 7 2 .0 0 7 7 .0 0 5 8 .5 0 - 7 1 .0 0 6 5 .0 0 5 6 .0 0 6 3 .0 0 5 4 .5 0 5 6 .5 0 7 7 .5 0 6 5 .0 0 8 0 .5 0 67. 00 6 4 .5 0 5 5 .5 0 5 4 .5 0 7 3 .5 0 6 5 .5 0 7 1 .5 0 6 2 .5 0 6 2 .0 0 1 Earnings rela te to standard sa la ries that are paid fo r standard w ork schedules. NOTE: D ashes indicate no data reported o r data that do not m eet publication cr it e r ia . 27 Table A -6 . O ffice occupations-retail trade (A verage w eekly earnings 1 fo r selected occupations studied in retail trade, w inter 1958-59) N ortheast Sex, occupation, and grade B oston NewarkJe rse y C ity2 South New Y ork C it y 2 P h ila delphia2 $ 9 0 .5 0 - Atlanta B a lti m ore North Central D allas New O rleans Chicago D etroit3 West M innea p o lis St. Paul D enver P ort land San F ra n c is c o Oakland Seattle Office clerical Men C le rk s , accounting, c la s s A ____ _ $ 7 5 .5 0 - $ 8 7 .5 0 - $ 9 2 .5 0 $ 8 0 . 00 $10 2.50 $ 9 4 .5 0 - - - - W omen B ille r s , m achine (bookkeeping m achine) ______ ___ ____ B ookkeeping-m achine op e ra to rs, cla s s B ___________________________ C lerk s: A ccounting, cla ss A ____________ A ccounting, c la s s B ____________ F ile , c la s s B _» __ ____ ___ O rder __ __ __ ------- „ ------P a y ro ll __ __ _ ____ __ __ Com ptom eter op era to rs ___________ K ey-punch o p e r a t o r s ______________ O ffice g i r l s -------- ----------------- __ — S e c r e t a r ie s _____ __ __ ________ __ Stenographers, g e n e r a l____________ Sw itchboard op era to rs _____________ Sw itchboard o p e ra to rrecep tion ists ______________________ T yp ists: C la ss A ......................................... C la ss B __________________________ 50.5 0 - 6 8 .5 0 $ 5 6 .5 0 $ 5 0 .5 0 5 1 .0 0 4 7 .5 0 - 5 4.00 - 6 7.50 5 9 .0 0 59. 00 5 1 .0 0 58 .0 0 4 8 .5 0 66.5 0 $ 6 0 . 00 5 7.50 5 7.50 $ 6 4 .5 0 73.0 0 63. 00 79.00 6 1.50 53.0 0 6 4 .5 0 70.5 0 67. 00 62. 00 85. 00 6 8 .5 0 6 4 .5 0 7 1 .5 0 57. 00 4 4 .5 0 51.5 0 6 1 .0 0 5 9 .0 0 59. 00 7 6 .0 0 6 2.50 52.5 0 7 5 .5 0 5 5 .5 0 4 6 .5 0 5 2 .0 0 6 1 .5 0 6 1 .0 0 5 1 .5 0 7 0 .0 0 60 .5 0 5 2.50 6 0 .0 0 53.5 0 4 2 .5 0 49. 00 62 .5 0 62 .5 0 6 8 .0 0 60. 50 4 9 .0 0 7 0 .0 0 5 7.00 4 1 .5 0 53 .0 0 64. 00 6 0 .0 0 7 4 .5 0 6 0 .0 0 4 9 .5 0 73. 00 55 .0 0 4 4 .5 0 5 3 .5 0 5 6 .5 0 5 4 .5 0 5 5 .5 0 7 0 .5 0 5 5 .0 0 4 5 .0 0 84. 00 66.5 0 55.50 58.50 72. 00 68 .5 0 69. 00 56. 00 85.50 7 2 .0 0 64. 00 81. 00 59. 00 52.50 63 .5 0 64. 00 59.50 83.50 64.5 0 62.50 7 2 .0 0 54.50 4 9 .5 0 52. 00 6 0 .5 0 57.50 46. 50 75. 00 62.5 0 55.00 67.50 58. 00 50.50 69. 00 56.0 0 7 1 .0 0 60.0 0 54. 00 73.00 65.50 65.0 0 6 4 .0 0 74. 00 53.00 80. 00 67.50 5 9.50 6 5.50 7 4 .0 0 7 3 .0 0 7 1 .5 0 82. 00 7 3 .5 0 7 0 .0 0 70. 00 64.00 55. 00 63. 00 7 3.50 63. 50 75. 00 68.5 0 64. 50 6 6.50 53. 00 4 4 .5 0 5 0.50 6 1 .5 0 55. 00 5 5 .5 0 44. 00 72.5 0 58. 00 55.5 0 $ 6 2 .0 0 - 66. 00 61. 00 7 5.50 57.00 - $ 5 4 .5 0 - $ 7 0 .5 0 $ 6 2 .5 0 - 6 9.50 59.0 0 5 4.00 - 5 9 .5 0 - 72 .5 0 - 54.50 56. 00 - - 6 8.00 50.50 54. 00 65. 00 59.0 0 5 3 .5 0 5 0.50 51 .0 0 58. 00 5 0 .5 0 4 9 .0 0 4 9 .5 0 62.00 56. 50 53.0 0 58. 00 53. 00 - 63. 00 61.00 D ashes indicate no data reported o r data that do not m eet publication c rite ria . - - 5 4.50 1 Earnings rela te to standard s a la rie s that are paid fo r standard w ork schedules. 2 Excludes data fo r lim ite d -p ric e variety sto r e s. 3 E xcludes data fo r 2 large departm ent s to re s. NOTE: - 28 Table A -7. Office occupations-finance f (A verage w eekly earnings 1 fo r se le cte d occupations studied in finance, insurance, and real estate, w inter 1958-59) N ortheast Sex, occupation, and grade B oston South NewarkJ e rse y City New Y ork City P h ila delphia Atlanta $ 7 8 .5 0 $89 . 00 6 1 .5 0 5 3 .0 0 7 4 .0 0 $ 8 3 .5 0 61. 00 50. 00 67. 00 $ 8 5 . 00 69. 00 4 7 .5 0 7 1 .5 0 7 5 .5 0 6 3 .5 0 65.00 53. 00 5 6 .0 0 67. 00 52.50 60.50 47. 00 63.5 0 - - 57. 00 4 5 .5 0 74. 00 60. 00 59.00 5 5 .0 0 49. 00 7 2 .5 0 5 9 .5 0 6 1 .5 0 62.5 0 63.00 55. 00 66. 00 B a lti m ore North Central M innea p o lis St. Paul West L os A n g elesLong B each San F ran c is c o Oakland $8 7 . 00 $ 8 6 .5 0 D allas C h icago $ 8 8 . 00 6 6 .5 0 47. 00 6 9 .5 0 $ 9 4 .5 0 - - - 4 7 .5 0 69.50 57.50 81.50 $ 5 3 .5 0 77. 00 $4 7 . 00 76.5 0 4 5 .5 0 ■ 56.50 85. 50 5 9.50 8 1 .0 0 50. 00 6 9 .5 0 5 2 .5 0 69. 00 7 2 .5 0 5 9.50 5 2.50 5 6 .5 0 5 1 .5 0 59.50 6 0 .5 0 69. 00 54.5 0 57. 00 4 4 .5 0 65. 00 82.50 66 .5 0 68. 00 5 5.00 85. 00 6 7.50 6 8 .5 0 5 7.50 87. 00 71. 50 7 3 .5 0 78 .5 0 65 .5 0 65. 00 5 3.50 7 0 .5 0 58.50 7 0 .5 0 52.5 0 6 0 .0 0 4 8 .5 0 78. 50 6 2.50 62.50 51.50 7 5.50 7 5 .5 0 6 3 .0 0 7 1 .0 0 5 3.00 8 2.00 55 .5 0 4 3 .5 0 72. 00 54 .5 0 55. 00 6 4 .5 0 5 0 .0 0 5 7 .0 0 4 5 .5 0 6 5 .5 0 58. 00 5 3 .5 0 4 4 .0 0 7 7 .0 0 6 1 .5 0 5 9 .5 0 - 61. 00 5 8 .0 0 7 1 .5 0 7 9 .0 0 D etroit St. Louis Office clerical Men C lerk s: Accounting, c la s s A __ ___________ A ccounting, c la s s B _ _ O ffice b oys ______________________________ T abulating - m achine o p e r a t o r s ________ $ 7 7 .0 0 59. 00 5 0 .5 0 6 5 .5 0 - 55.0 0 " $ 8 3 . 00 - - - - $ 8 6 .5 0 W omen Bookkeeping-m ach ine op e ra to rs: C la s s A ______________________________ C la ss B __________________ — --------C lerk s: Accounting, c la s s A ____________ ___ Accounting, cla s s B _____ _________ F ile , c la s s A — ________________________ F ile , c la s s B ______________________________ P a y ro ll „ ------------------ ----------- ---------------------C om ptom eter op era to rs __________________ K ey-punch op era to rs ________________________ O ffice g i r l s ________ „ ____ __ ______ Stenographers, g e n e r a l_____ __ ____ __ Sw itchboard op era to rs Sw itchboard o p e ra to rrecep tion ists __________________ T abulating-m achine o p e ra to rs __ T ran scrib in g-m a ch in e op e ra to rs, - 55.50 7 3.00 59.0 0 6 2.50 4 8 .5 0 ______ ______ 6 9 .5 0 5 6 .0 0 5 8 .0 0 48. 00 6 5 .5 0 5 2 .5 0 5 7 .0 0 4 9 .5 0 7 3 .5 0 6 0 .5 0 6 0 .5 0 6 0 .5 0 53. 00 81. 00 62. 50 61. 00 7 8 .5 0 6 2 .0 0 6 4 .5 0 5 3 .0 0 7 9 .5 0 6 9 .0 0 6 3 .5 0 5 2 .5 0 86. 00 6 6 .0 0 6 9 .5 0 _____ — __ 5 9 .0 0 6 5 .0 0 - 6 6 .5 0 7 4 .5 0 - 7 0 .0 0 5 3 .5 0 5 8 .5 0 46. 00 - - 4 8 .5 0 - - 61 .5 0 66. 00 50.50 83.50 70. 00 63. 50 63.50 55. 00 4 5 .0 0 7 5 .5 0 58 .5 0 61. 00 - - 5 8 .5 0 49. 00 6 9 .5 0 5 8 .5 0 5 8 .5 0 66. 00 54. 00 85. 00 72. 00 6 7 .5 0 6 5 .5 0 5 3 .5 0 8 4 .5 0 72. 00 6 6 .5 0 64. 50 60. 00 6 1.50 - 66. 00 85.50 66. 00 7 8 .5 0 - - . 5 7 .0 0 60. 00 68. 00 5 3.50 57. 00 56. 00 5 4 .5 0 6 9 .5 0 6 4 .5 0 57. 00 60. 00 6 4 .5 0 7 0 .5 0 60. 00 53. 00 62. 00 53.0 0 6 3 .5 0 5 7.00 59.00 51. 00 5 7 .5 0 5 0 .5 0 58.50 4 8 .0 0 6 0 .5 0 49. 00 70. 00 60.5 0 66. 00 58. 00 5 6 .5 0 5 2.50 5 8 .5 0 4 8 .5 0 68. 00 57. 00 6 7 .0 0 6 0 .0 0 __ 1 Earnings rela te to standard s a la rie s that are paid fo r standard w ork schedules, ■f F inance, in surance, and re a l estate. NOTE: - __ __ _____________________ ...................................................... g e n e ra l T yp ists: C la s s A C la s s B 6 1 .5 0 5 2 .5 0 D ashes indicate no data reported o r data that do not m eet publication c rite ria . Table A-8. Office occupations-services (A verage w eekly earnings 1 fo r selected occupations studied in s e rv ice s , winter 1 9 5 8 -5 9 ) N o rth e a s t Sex, o c c u p a tio n , and g ra d e New Y ork C ity N orth C e n tr a l W est Los A n g e le s L on g B ea ch 2 P h ila de lp h ia C h ic a g o D e tr o it $ 5 1 . 00 - $ 57.50 $ 5 5 . 50 - - 72. 50 - 74.50 74.50 - 73.00 64. 50 4 9. 00 69. 00 71.50 62.50 51.50 83.50 66. 50 58. 00 75. 00 69. 50 67. 00 84. 00 71. 50 66. 00 84. 00 68. 50 56. 00 80. 00 71. 50 87. 50 78. 00 59.50 86.50 66.50 54. 00 75. 00 68. 50 86. 00 72. 00 58. 50 B o s to n Office clerical M en O ffic e b o y s ___________________________ $ 4 6 . 00 W om en B o o k k e e p in g -m a c h in e o p e r a t o r s , c la s s B _____________________________ C le r k s : A c c o u n tin g , c la s s A A c c o u n tin g , c la s s B F i l e , c la s s B P a y r o l l _____________________________ C om p tom eter o p e ra to rs K e y -p u n c h o p e r a t o r s _______________ S e c r e t a r ie s ___________________________ S te n o g r a p h e r s , g e n e r a l _____________ S w itc h b o a rd o p e r a t o r s ______________ S w itch b o a rd o p e r a t o r r e c e p t io n is t s _ T y p is t s : C la s s A ____________________________ C la s s B _________________________ _ $ 6 1 .5 0 51. 00 62. 00 73. 00 63. 00 50.50 $82 .50 72.50 54. 00 75. 00 64. 00 73.50 88. 50 70.50 58.50 59. 00 68. 00 - 74. 00 - 66. 00 64. 00 53. 00 69- 00 63.50 62. 00 53.50 74. 00 64. 50 60. 50 73.50 61. 00 1 1 4 .5 0 8 1 .5 0 1 3 4 .0 0 9 1 -0 0 - - Professional and technical M en D ra fts m e n : S e n io r -------------------------------------------J u n io r -------------------------------------------- 1 4 1 .5 0 9 2 .5 0 1 E a rn in g s r e la te to sta n d a rd s a la r ie s that a re paid f o r sta n d a rd w o rk s c h e d u le s . 2 E x c lu d e s m o t io n -p ic t u r e p r o d u c tio n and a llie d s e r v i c e s ; data f o r th e se in d u s tr ie s are in c lu d e d , d u s t r i e s " and "n o n m a n u fa c t u r in g ." NOTE: D a sh e s in d ica te no data r e p o r t e d o r data that do not m e e t p u b lic a tio n c r i t e r i a . - h ow ever, in " a ll in 30 Table A-9. Plant occupations-all industries (Average hourly earnings 1 for selected occupations studied in 6 broad industry divisions, winter 1958-59) South N ortheast O ccupation 2 N ewarkB oston3 Buffalo J e rs e y C ity3 New Y ork C ity3 P h ila delphia3 Atlanta B a lti m ore D allas N orth Central M em phis3 W est L os Minne New M ilwau a p o lis A n gelesSt. L ou is3D enver O rleans C h icago3 D etroit3 kee Long St. Paul Beach3 P ort land San F ra n Seattle3 c is c o Oakland3 Maintenance and powerplant C a rp enters __ _ ______ E lectricia n s __ _ _ ___ E n gin eers, stationary _ F irem en , stationary b o i l e r _______ H elpers, trades _ _ M ach in e-tool op era tors, toolroom _. . M a c h in is t s _________________________ M e c h a n ic s __________________________ M erhanirs, autom otive . .. M illw rights ________________________ O ilers - . . _ P ainters P i p e f it t e r s _________________________ P lum bers ................ _ Sheet-m etal w o r k e r s ______________ T ool and die m akers _ _ __ $2. 51 2. 58 2. 51 2. 12 2.01 2 .4 8 2. 60 2.3 3 2. 25 2. 44 1.97 2. 22 2. 55 2. 50 2. 56 2. 74 $2. 2. 2. 2. 2. 70 86 59 33 38 $2. 72 2. 87 2 .9 2 2.41 2. 13 $2. 2. 2. 2. 2. 57 63 80 20 11 $2. 65 2. 69 2 .3 4 2. 15 2. 21 2. 70 2 . r> 2. 77 2. 51 2. 77 2. 38 2. 57 2. 69 2. 76 2 .9 8 2. 79 2. 82 2. 76 2. 48 2. 79 2. 32 2. 59 2. 87 2.95 2. 77 2. 86 2. 2. 2. 2. 2. 2. 2. 2. 2. 2. 2. 66 85 65 52 72 16 33 65 34 66 87 2. 63 2. 70 2. 55 2. 55 2. 65 1.98 2. 40 2. 73 2. 42 2. 65 2. 87 1. 56 1. 74 1. 56 $2. 2. 2. 1. 1. 27 71 17 62 80 $2. 2. 2. 2. 2. 2. 50 2. 18 2. 29 1. 70 2. 22 2. 80 - 52 62 38 13 13 $2. 37 2. 32 2.07 1. 68 $2. 2. 2. 1. 1. 11 53 19 27 63 $2. 26 2. 69 1.97 1. 56 1. 82 $3. 01 3.05 2 .9 6 2. 39 2.41 $2.90 3. 07 2 .9 8 2. 51 2. 40 $2. 2. 2. 2. 2. 70 89 68 36 11 $2. 2. 2. 2. 2. 81 89 60 39 27 $2. 74 2.91 2. 74 2. 53 2. 43 $2. 65 2. 67 2. 54 2. 01 1.96 $2. 80 2 .97 2. 93 2. 53 2.30 $2. 87 2.9 6 2. 74 2. 32 2. 23 $2. 97 3. 04 2. 88 2. 57 2.45 2. 83 2.99 2. 72 2. 65 2. 71 2. 42 2. 78 2. 82 2. 89 3. 16 2. 44 2. 82 2. 53 2. 58 2. 72 2. 26 2. 83 2. 86 2 .9 5 2. 72 2.93 2. 63 2. 59 2. 86 2. 40 2. 70 2. 84 2. 88 3. 03 2. 62 2. 60 2. 50 2. 13 2. 56 2. 71 2. 79 2. 82 2. 94 2. 75 2. 76 2.91 2. 27 2. 71 2. 93 2. 84 2.9 5 3.0 0 2. 78 2.91 2. 85 2. 65 2. 85 2. 32 2. 94 2. 86 2. 87 - 2. 98 3. 02 2. 92 2. 90 3. 17 2. 43 2. 86 2. 97 2.91 3. 38 $2. 2. 2. 2. 2. 62 81 56 25 18 2. 67 2 .90 2. 67 2. 34 2. 61 2. 15 2. 21 2. 61 2. 79 2 .9 4 2. 35 2. 32 2. 23 1.94 2. 18 2. 38 2. 72 2. 49 2. 24 2. 28 2. 58 1.95 1.99 2. 76 2. 83 2. 66 2. 57 2. 27 1.96 2. 16 2. 44 - 2. 82 3. 03 2. 74 2. 83 2. 90 2. 36 3.01 3. 02 3. 17 3.01 3. 16 3 .0 6 3. 06 3. 04 2. 80 3. 01 2 .4 7 2. 80 3. 00 2. 82 2. 96 3. 17 1. 00 1. 02 . 66 . 83 2 .0 8 1. 83 1. 53 1. 26 1. 21 2. 45 1. 13 2. 08 1.41 2. 06 1. 22 2. 10 1. 12 2. 00 1.49 2. 25 1. 34 - 1. 90 1.93 1. 52 2. 10 2. 78 2. 71 2. 61 2. 61 2. 25 2. 68 2. 62 3. 03 Custodial and material movement E levator op era tors, passenger (men) . . . . . . ____ E levator o p era tors , passenger _ _ _ _ _ __ (w o m e n )____ Guards __ ______ _____ Jan itors, p o rte rs , and clea n ers (m e n ) ______ L____________ Jan itors, p o rte rs , and clea n ers (w o m e n )___ _ __ _ L a b o r e rs , m aterial h a n d lin g _____ O rder fille r s . . . P a ck e rs , shipping (m e n )_ P a ck e rs , shipping ( w o m e n )_______ R eceivin g cle r k s ____ _ _ Shipping r l e r k s Shipping and receiv in g c l e r k s ____ T r u c k d r iv e r s 4 _ _ _ _ Light (under 1 V2 t o n s ) _________ M edium ( 1 V2 to and including 4 tons) _ _ _ _ __ _ Heavy (ov er 4 tons, tra ile r type) __ ......................... Heavy (over 4 tons, other than tr a ile r type) _ _ _ _ __ __ T ru ck ers , pow er ( f o r k l i f t ) ________ T ru ck ers , pow er (other than fo r k lift ) W atchmen _ __ __ _ _ _ _ _ 1. 28 1. 18 1.91 1. 22 2. 31 1. 33 2.09 1. 61 1. 89 1. 59 1.91 1. 81 1. 31 1. 81 1. 82 1. 72 1. 45 1. 83 1.99 1.97 2. 19 1. 86 1.41 2. 09 2. 24 2. 19 1. 81 2. 16 2. 34 2. 20 2. 40 2. 20 1. 43 2. 21 2. 13 1.92 1. 53 2. 10 2. 27 2. 18 2. 67 2. 08 2. 08 2. 24 2. 73 2. 65 2. 40 2. 37 2.55 2. 77 2. 59 2. 52 2. 26 2. 07 2 .48 2. 31 2. 49 2. 28 2.95 2. 44 2. 44 2. 10 . 1. 87 2. 03 1.57 2. 30 1. 71 2. 02 1. 68 2. 34 1. 75 2. 01 1. 60 . 1. 30 1. 74 . 85 1. 84 . 67 1. 95 . 67 1.41 1. 31 2.0 7 1. 22 1. 46 1. 25 1. 19 1. 05 1. 83 1.99 1. 88 1. 72 1. 62 1. 54 1. 82 1. 75 2. 02 1. 78 . 88 1. 53 1. 55 1. 51 1. 40 1. 72 1. 86 2. 03 2. 04 1. 44 1. 06 1. 85 1. 69 1. 75 1. 25 1. 81 2. 01 1.94 2. 12 2 .0 4 .9 5 1. 54 1. 55 1. 42 _ 1. 83 1. 81 1. 89 1. 85 1. 50 . 91 1. 40 1.46 1. 52 1. 22 1.49 1. 74 1. 77 1. 78 1. 17 . 75 1.47 1. 42 1. 35 .9 8 1. 60 1. 69 1. 84 1. 68 1.42 1. 61 2. 06 2.09 1.96 1. 70 2. 21 2. 30 2. 18 2. 63 2. 58 1. 47 2. 24 2. 24 2. 25 2. 16 2. 34 2 .4 6 2. 39 2. 57 2. 30 1. 36 2. 18 2. 14 2. 13 1. 71 2. 22 2. 25 2. 33 2. 51 2.41 1. 2. 2. 2. 1. 2. 2. 2. 2. 2. 1. 1. 2. 1. 1. 2. 2. 2. 2. 2. 1.46 2. 02 1.90 1.69 1. 58 1. 84 1.93 2. 07 2. 16 1.92 1. 58 2. 21 2. 22 2. 11 1. 89 2. 33 2. 32 2 .3 8 2. 54 2. 30 1. 50 2. 18 2. 16 2. 13 2. 26 2. 36 2 .2 5 2. 40 2. 18 1. 90 2. 32 2. 33 2. 24 2. 41 2. 45 2. 54 2. 63 2. 54 1. 66 2. 12 2. 12 2. 10 1. 79 2. 06 2. 22 2. 19 2.4 2 2. 30 2. 10 1.96 1.91 1. 66 1. 61 2. 58 2. 55 2. 34 2. 42 2. 48 2. 18 2. 48 2. 38 2. 62 2. 34 2. 39 2. 30 1. 78 1. 90 1. 63 2. 70 2. 62 2. 64 2. 47 2. 51 2. 36 2. 60 2.47 2. 70 2.49 2. 11 2. 30 1. 73 . 1. 53 2. 08 1. 82 2. 68 2. 30 2. 64 2. 36 2. 51 2. 33 2. 38 2. 30 . 2. 19 2. 07 2. 10 2. 58 2. 37 2. 40 2. 26 2. 64 2. 41 2. 49 2. 21 2. 31 1. 36 2.03 1. 25 1. 82 1. 10 1. 70 1. 14 2. 33 1. 42 2. 47 1. 75 2. 29 1. 63 2. 22 1. 70 2. 10 1. 45 1. 57 2. 32 1. 86 2. 35 1. 87 2. 01 . 59 2. 19 1. 70 1. 66 1.49 1.95 1.97 1. 72 1. 63 2. 00 2. 16 2. 11 2 .6 6 2. 27 1. 29 1.93 2. 03 1. 78 1. 50 1.97 2. 12 2. 20 2. 42 2. 07 1 Excludes prem ium pay fo r overtim e and fo r w ork on w eekends, holidays, and late shifts. 2 Data lim ited to m en w ork ers except w here otherw ise indicated. 3 Exceptions to the standard industry lim itations are shown in footnotes 4 and/or 5 to the table in appendix A. 4 Includes all drivers, regardless of size and type of truck operated. NOTE: D ashes indicate no data reported or data that do not m eet publication cr ite r ia . 1. 48 .9 9 2. 02 1. 29 1. 65 41 14 07 10 56 19 31 26 42 37 28 98 06 98 61 15 21 16 48 29 . . 2. 20 1. 89 31 Table A-10. Plant occupatfons-manufacturing (Average hourly earnings1 for selected occupations studied in manufacturing, winter 1958-59) O ccupation * Boston N ewarkBuffalo J e rse y City North Central South N ortheast W est Minne apolis - St. Louis St. Paul Los A n g elesD enver Long B each $ 2 .6 9 2 .8 7 2. 76 2 .3 8 2 .0 8 $2. 71 2 .8 2 2 .6 3 2 .4 3 2 .2 4 $2. 74 2 .8 9 2 .8 4 2 .5 2 2 .4 4 $ 2 .6 4 2 .6 7 2 .6 6 2 .2 5 1.91 $ 2 .7 4 2 .9 4 2 .9 7 2 .6 7 2. 30 $2.81 2 .9 4 2. 74 2 .2 6 2.21 $ 2 .9 2 3 .0 7 3 .02 2 .6 5 2. 52 $2. 57 2. 73 2 .5 6 2 .2 8 2. 18 3 .0 6 3 .0 7 3 .0 4 2 .8 4 3.01 2 .4 8 2. 86 2 .9 9 2 .9 8 2 .9 7 3 .1 7 2 .8 3 3.01 2. 71 2 .7 2 2. 71 2 .4 2 2. 77 2. 83 2.91 3 .16 2 .4 4 2.81 2 .5 2 2. 58 2. 72 2 .2 5 2. 76 2. 83 2 .9 5 2. 73 2 .9 3 2 .6 4 2 .6 6 2. 86 2 .4 2 2. 70 2. 84 2 .8 8 3.03 2. 62 2. 58 2 .6 3 2. 14 2 .6 9 2. 71 2. 79 2. 82 2 .9 3 2. 75 2 .8 0 2.91 2 .2 7 2. 70 2 .9 3 2 .8 0 2 .9 3 2 .9 9 2. 78 2 .9 2 2 .8 5 2. 58 2 .8 5 2 .3 2 2 .9 0 2 .8 6 “ 2 .9 8 3.03 2 .9 3 2 .9 6 3 .1 7 2 .4 3 2 .9 2 2 .9 7 2.91 3 .3 8 2. 78 2. 72 2 .5 7 2. 61 2 .2 5 2 .6 3 2. 61 3 .03 New Y ork City P h ila delphia Atlanta B alti m o re D allas M em phis New Chicago Orleans D etroit M ilw au kee $ 2 .2 0 2. 74 2. 50 1 .6 4 1.98 $ 2 .5 8 2 .6 6 2 .4 6 2 .1 5 2 .1 6 $ 2 .3 6 2 .4 2 2 .2 6 1. 76 $ 2 .0 3 2.6 3 2 .4 0 1.25 1.46 $ 2 .3 4 2. 76 1.95 1 .65 1 .86 $ 2 .7 7 2 .9 9 2 .9 3 2 .3 5 2 .41 $ 2 .9 4 3 .0 7 3 .0 8 2.61 2 .4 2 2 .6 7 2.91 2. 69 2 .2 9 2. 61 2. 15 2 .4 0 2. 60 2.81 2 .9 5 2 .4 7 2 .3 0 2. 05 1.98 2. 30 2. 72 2 .49 2 .2 7 1.97 2. 58 2 .0 8 2. 76 2. 83 2 .6 7 2 .5 7 2 .1 5 2 .0 0 2 .4 5 2 .4 2 - 2 .8 2 3.02 2. 73 2 .8 0 2.91 2 .3 3 2. 77 2 .9 9 3.0 2 3. 16 P o r t land San F ra n Seattle c is c o Oakland Maintenance and powerplant C arpenters ----- --------- -..... ------------E lectricia n s ........ ................ -.... .. ■ E n gin eers, stationary —---------------F irem en , stationary b o ile r — ■ H elp ers, trades --------- —---- ---------- M ach in e-tool o p era to rs, toolroom ------- - - ----- ------— M a c h in is t s ------------- — r-----------------M e c h a n ic s -------------------------------------M echanics, a u to m o tiv e ----------------O ilers --------------------------------------------P a i n t e r s ........... ........ ........... . - ..... - ■ P i p e f it t e r s ------------------------------------P l u m b e r s ------- ------------ ---------- — T ool and die m a k e r s --------------------- $2 .4 2 2. 62 2.61 2 .1 9 2 .0 2 $2. 72 2 .8 7 2. 64 2 .3 4 2 .4 0 $2.61 2 .8 3 2 .9 8 2 .4 2 2 .0 6 $ 2 .6 3 2. 81 3. 13 2. 58 2 .0 3 $2. 62 2. 70 2 .4 5 2 .2 0 2 .2 5 2 .4 8 2 .6 0 2 .3 0 2 .4 2 2 .4 4 1 .9 7 2 .3 9 2. 55 2. 56 2. 75 2. 70 2 .8 2 2. 77 2 .6 2 2. 77 2 .4 0 2 .6 0 2 .6 9 2. 77 2 .9 8 2. 79 2. 81 2. 76 2. 73 2. 77 2. 30 2 .5 5 2 .8 3 2 .9 5 2. 75 2 .8 4 2 .6 6 2. 84 2. 70 2 .6 3 2. 75 2 .2 2 2. 73 2 .6 6 2. 60 2 .6 6 2 .8 7 2 .6 3 2. 68 2. 55 2 .5 3 2. 65 1.98 2. 54 2. 72 2 .6 5 2 .8 7 1.9 5 2 .3 2 2. 15 2 .0 5 2 .0 6 2. 32 2. 17 2 .0 2 2.01 2 .0 9 2. 16 2 .4 8 2 .1 0 2. 14 2. 19 2 .2 3 2 .2 6 2.31 2. 12 1.7 6 2. 04 1.91 1.69 1.79 1.52 1.78 1.50 1.42 1.49 1.89 2. 19 1.99 1.88 1.81 1. 81 1.99 1.90 2 .2 0 1.92 1.53 1.79 1.90 1.6 8 1.48 1.91 2 .1 0 2 .0 8 2 .2 5 2.11 1.75 2. 13 2. 17 2 .2 2 1.90 2 .2 5 2 .3 8 2 .2 8 2 .3 9 2 .2 5 1.70 2 .2 7 2 .0 5 1.92 1.62 2 .0 9 2 .1 8 2 .2 2 2 .9 7 2 .2 3 1.6 7 2 .0 9 1.70 1 .68 2. 13 2. 18 2 .0 5 2. 89 2 .2 4 1.51 1.94 1.92 1.80 2. 10 2. 14 1.99 2 .4 2 1 .20 1.53 1.48 1.59 1 .80 1.93 2. 18 1.56 1 .56 1.32 1.88 1 .5 7 1.85 1.21 2. 07 2 .2 2 1.92 2. 19 2 .2 6 1.29 1.52 1.81 1.53 2. 04 2. 00 1.93 1.81 1.56 1.23 1.41 1.62 1.67 1.25 1 .75 1 .8 4 1.68 1.56 1.2 6 1.4 5 1.30 1.35 1.89 1.73 1.92 1 .5 6 1.40 1.69 1.99 2 .0 6 2 .0 0 1 .7 8 2 .2 7 2 .3 9 2 .1 8 2. 63 2. 68 1.95 2 .3 0 2 .3 7 2 .2 8 2 .2 2 2 .3 9 2 .4 9 2 .4 3 2. 54 2 .4 5 1.66 2. 17 1.99 2 .1 4 1.79 2 .2 2 2 .2 9 2 .3 4 2 .3 0 2. 16 1.65 2 .0 7 2. 05 2. 03 2 .2 3 2 .2 8 2 .2 9 2 .4 3 2. 54 1.5 6 1.9 7 2 .0 3 1.96 1.62 2 .1 9 2 .2 6 2 .1 5 2. 56 2. 34 1.6 8 1.99 1.9 8 1 .7 4 1.51 2. 12 2 .0 5 1 .97 2.11 1.91 1.85 2. 15 2 .0 9 2. 07 1.93 2 .32 2 .2 2 2 .3 6 2. 52 2 .2 3 1 .68 2.11 2 .2 3 2 .3 9 2 .4 9 2.31 2 .4 0 2. 12 2. 04 2 .3 0 2 .4 2 2 .2 8 2 .4 8 2 .4 2 2 .5 3 2. 71 2. 69 2. 11 2 .1 6 2.12 1.90 2 .03 2 .3 4 2 .2 7 2 .5 5 - 2 .2 3 2 .2 5 3 .1 5 2 .9 2 2 .4 5 1.40 2 .0 3 1.76 1.61 1.60 2. 53 2 .5 9 2 .3 4 2 .3 7 2 .6 3 2 .2 0 2. 55 2. 38 2. 75 2 .4 9 2 .2 5 - 3 .0 0 2. 70 2 .4 2 2 .1 3 1.95 - 1.63 2. 69 2. 53 2. 50 - 2. 62 - 2 .6 7 2 .4 4 2. 74 2. 54 - 2 .4 7 2.11 2. 11 1.70 2. 69 2 .8 0 - - Custodial and material movement Jan itors, p o r te r s , and clea ners ( m e n ) ------------ —-----------Jan itors, p o r te r s , and clea n ers ( w o m e n ) ---------------------L a b o r e rs , m aterial h a n d lin g ------O rder f i l l e r s ------------------------ —— — P a ck e rs , shipping (men) -----------— P a ck e rs , shipping (w o m e n ) --------R eceivin g c l e r k s --------------------------Shipping c l e r k s -----------------------------Shipping and receivin g c l e r k s -----T ru ckd rivers 3 ------------------------------Light (under l 1/* t o n s ) ------------Medium (lVa to and including Heavy (over 4 tons, tra ile r t y p e ) --------------------------------------Heavy (over 4 tons, other than tra iler t y p e ) --------------------------T ru ck ers, pow er ( f o r k l i f t ) ----------T ru ck ers, pow er (other than f o r k l i f t ) --------------------------------------W a tc h m e n -------- ------------------------------ - - 2 .2 4 2 .0 3 2. 51 2 .3 0 2 .4 5 2 .2 6 3. 15 2 .4 2 2 .4 2 2 .0 7 2. 00 2. 32 2. 32 1.79 1 .66 1 .9 4 2 .3 0 2 .5 2 2. 36 2 .3 2 2. 18 2 .1 8 2. 05 2 .5 3 2. 30 2 .4 2 2 .2 5 2. 64 2 .4 2 2 .4 5 2. 18 2 .0 3 1.68 2. 30 1.82 2 .0 2 1.73 1 .6 7 2. 00 1 .7 4 1.25 2. 31 1 .47 2 .2 2 1.38 2 .0 4 1.20 1 .4 4 2. 33 1.8 0 2 .0 5 2 .2 8 1.89 2 .2 3 1.79 2 .0 9 1 .8 4 1 .56 2.22 1.96 2 .3 5 1.90 2. 10 2 .2 0 1.89 1 Excludes premium pay for overtime and for work on weekends, holidays, and late shifts. 1 Data limited to men workers except where otherwise indicated. 3 Includes all drivers, regardless of size and type of truck operated. NOTE: Dashes indicate no data reported or data that do not meet publication criteria. - - 32 Table A-11. Plant occupations-nonmanufacturing (Average hourly earnings 1 for selected occupations studied in nonmanufacturing, winter 1958-59) N ortheast O ccupation* South N ewarkB oston3 B uffalo J e rse y C ity3 New Y ork C ity3 $ 2.61 $ 2 .5 4 2 .4 8 2 .6 2 1.95 2. 14 2 .9 3 2 .5 4 2 .5 0 2 .2 4 2 .2 9 P h ila Atlanta delphia3 B alti m o re Dallas North Central M em phis3 W est Los M inne New C h icago3 D etroit3 M ilwau a p o lis - St. L ou is3 D enver A n g elesOrleans kee Long St. Paul Beach3 P o r t land San F ran Seattle3 cis c o Oakland3 Maintenance and powerplant C a r p e n t e r s ------— — ... - — ..— —....—E lectricia n s — -------------------------------E n gin eers, sta tion a ry --------------------F irem en , stationary b o i l e r -----------H elp ers, t r a d e s ------------------------- --M a c h in is t s ------- — -----——----------------M e c h a n ic s ----------------------------- —------M ech an ics, a u to m o tiv e -----------------P ainters — —— —— ——---- ——— — $ 2 .6 9 2 .4 0 2 .2 9 2 .0 0 2.01 2 .5 3 2 .4 6 2 .2 0 1.98 “ - 2 .3 6 2 .0 9 2 .6 3 2 .4 5 “ $ 3 .0 8 3.21 2. 75 2 .3 7 2 .32 3. 18 2 .7 6 2 .3 8 2. 68 " $2. 73 2 .6 3 2 .1 2 1.89 2 .0 4 2 .8 7 2 .6 5 2 .5 5 2 .1 9 2.3 2 $ 2 .3 3 2 .5 8 1 .7 6 - - 1.64 2 .3 7 2 .3 3 1.92 ” $ 2 .1 7 1.92 2 .5 0 2 .3 7 1.91 “ $ 2 .3 8 2. 14 1.94 1.45 2 .3 8 2 .2 6 2 .02 * $ 2 .2 2 2 .3 0 2 .1 0 - - 1.90 1 .87 1.83 2 .3 7 1.93 “ $ 2 .1 9 2 .49 1.99 1.05 1.68 2. 52 2.31 1.96 - $ 3 .3 4 3.21 2 .9 9 2. 51 2 .4 0 3.12 2. 77 2 .8 5 3 .2 6 3.31 $ 2 .7 7 3. 03 2 .6 9 2 .0 8 2 .3 0 2 .9 7 2 .7 6 2 .6 5 " $2. 74 - 2 .4 4 - - 2 .6 2 2 .8 0 - $ 2 .9 2 3. 10 2. 56 2 .32 2 .5 6 2. 58 2 .8 7 ” $2.28 2 .5 6 2 .5 7 _ " _ _ $ 2 .2 6 _ 2 .0 6 . 2 .5 0 “ $ 2 .9 8 3 .0 8 2 .82 2 .3 3 3. 13 2. 66 2 .7 5 2. 74 - 1 .4 6 $ 2 .9 7 _ 2. 71 - _ 2 .6 8 “ $ 3 .0 5 _ 2. 66 - 2 .8 5 2.82 2 .8 8 2. 79 " $ 2 .7 3 3. 10 2 .5 9 _ _ 2 .6 3 2. 73 “ Custodial and material movement E levator o p e ra to rs , p assen ger L a b o r e rs , m a teria l h a n d lin g -------P a ck e rs , shipping ( m e n ) -------------R eceivin g c l e r k s ---------------------------Shipping c l e r k s ------------------------------Shipping and receivin g c le r k s -------Truckd riv e rs 4 ................. .................. Light (under l 1/* t o n s ) --------------M edium (lVa to and including Heavy (over 4 tons, tra ile r t y p e ) ------------------:----------------------H eavy (over 4 tons, other than W a t c h m e n ------------— — ..... . ... - 1.49 1.73 1.53 .9 8 .91 .62 .82 2 .0 8 1.32 1. 17 1.8 4 1.21 - 1.31 1 .9 4 1.61 1.85 1.25 1.28 .59 1.71 .9 9 1 .7 6 .85 1.43 .6 7 - . 67 1.24 1.30 1.9 4 1.21 1.99 1 .44 1 .44 1.62 1.70 1.50 1.04 1.12 1.10 1.02 .9 4 1 .76 1 .35 2 .11 2. 18 1.93 2. 12 2. 61 2. 12 2 .4 7 - 1.48 1.83 2 .0 5 1 .76 1.59 1 .9 4 2 .1 4 2 .1 5 2. 54 2 .2 8 1.23 1.90 2. 10 1.72 1.40 1.83 2. 05 2 .2 9 2 .4 3 1 .94 . 82 1.53 1.57 1.4 4 1.33 1.65 1.71 1.91 2 .1 4 1.42 .9 5 1 .7 4 1.71 1.56 1.44 1.62 1.81 1.9 7 2 .0 9 1.32 .9 0 1.57 1.41 1.31 1 .5 4 1.59 1.85 1.86 1.49 . 80 1.39 1.41 1.45 1.31 1 .57 1.88 1.83 1. 14 . 73 1.49 1.43 1.35 .9 4 1 .4 7 1.6 6 1.82 1.70 1.42 1.6 0 2 .1 3 2 .1 0 1.90 1.48 2 .1 6 2 .1 8 2 .1 7 2 .6 3 2 .5 2 1.2 7 E levator o p e ra to rs , passen ger (w o m e n )----------------------------------------Guards —------------ -----------------------------Jan itors, p o r te r s , and clea ners ( m e n ) -------— ......—- ---------Jan itors, p o r te r s , and 1.28 1.82 1. 79 1. 78 1.38 1.7 7 1.91 1.85 2. 16 1.63 1 .2 6 1.9 7 2 .2 9 1 .5 4 2 .0 7 2.11 2.4 1 - 1.53 1. 15 1.41 1.85 1.1 7 1.48 1.52 1 .5 7 1.59 1.29 1 .36 1.69 1.29 2 .0 8 2 .1 9 2 .0 6 2.21 2 .3 4 2 .2 9 2 .5 9 2 .0 6 1.23 2.21 2 .2 2 2 .0 5 1.48 2 .2 2 2 .1 8 2 .5 6 - 1.35 2 .1 8 2 .0 7 2. 14 1.39 2 .1 4 2 .3 4 2 .2 0 2 .4 2 - 1.17 2 .0 0 2 .0 9 2 .0 3 2 .1 0 2. 12 2. 19 2 .4 4 2. 13 •1.43 2 .0 3 1.87 1.65 1.53 2 .2 4 2 .2 4 2 . 14 2 .3 4 2 .4 2 2 .4 2 2 .5 4 2 .3 9 1.11 1 .4 7 - 1 .77 1.90 2. 15 2 .1 7 1.92 1 .4 7 2 .2 2 1 .3 4 - 1.72 - 1 .87 1.81 1.52 1.91 1.6 4 1.92 1.66 1 .47 2 .2 4 2. 15 2 .1 7 2. 17 2 .2 6 2 .2 2 2.41 2 .2 4 1.88 2 .3 4 2 .3 0 2 .2 0 2 .3 5 2 .4 6 2 .5 5 2. 61 2 .4 8 1.58 2 .1 2 2.11 2 .0 7 1.67 2 .1 2 2 .1 9 2 .0 6 2 .3 9 2 .2 3 1.9 7 2 .2 3 2 .3 6 2 .4 7 2 .3 6 2 .2 7 1.93 1.93 1.69 1.62 2 .5 9 2 .4 9 2 .3 5 2.4 2 2 .3 9 2. 17 2 .4 5 2 .3 7 2 .5 9 2 .3 2 2 .4 0 2 .5 5 2 .7 0 2 .5 6 2. 53 2 .4 2 2 .3 4 1.69 1.92 1.63 2. 70 2 .6 5 2 .6 5 2 .4 6 2 .4 9 2 .3 6 2 .5 6 2 .4 9 2. 70 2 .4 8 2 .2 6 2. 16 1.42 2 .4 6 2. 34 1.40 2. 51 2. 36 1.59 2. 81 2 .4 8 1.79 2 .4 4 2 .2 0 1.44 1.60 1.37 1.63 1.13 1 .2 8 .9 8 2 .0 9 1.65 1.08 2 .6 9 2 .3 2 1.32 2 .6 8 2 .3 6 1 .47 2 .5 3 2 .4 0 2.41 2 .3 9 1 .6 6 2.22 2 .0 6 2 .1 9 1.59 2 .6 0 2 .5 5 1.65 2 .3 9 2 .2 8 1 .7 7 2 .6 4 2 .4 0 1 .87 2 .5 0 2 .2 6 - - 2. 06 1.21 1 Excludes premium pay for overtime and for work on weekends, holidays, and late shifts. * Data limited to men workers except where otherwise indicated. 3 Exceptions to the standard industry limitations are shown in footnotes 4 and/or 5 to the table in appendix A. 4 Includes all drivers, regardless of size and type of truck operated. NOTE: Dashes indicate no data reported or data that do not meet publication criteria. 1.13 - - 1.18 33 Table A-12. Plant occupations-public utilities* (Average hourly earnings1 for selected occupations studied in transportation, communication, and other public utilities, winter 1958-59) Northeast Occupation* NewarkBoston3 Buffalo Jersey City South New York City3 Phila delphia Atlanta Balti more Dallas North Central West Los San Minne AngelesPort New Fran Seattle3 Milwau Mem Chicago3 Detroit3 kee apolis - St. Louis Denver Long land cis cophis3 Orleans St. Paul Beach3 Oakland3 Maintenance and powerplant C a r p e n te rs --------------------------------Electricians ......... — —.— Engineers, stationary —— — —— Firemen, stationary b o ile r ---------Mechanics — ........ ............■—------ — Mechanics, automotive - ........ ....... Painters -------------------------------------- $2.56 2. 15 2.52 2.21 2.41 _ $2. 11 2.44 " $2.82 2. 72 2.39 2. 17 2. 78 2.68 $2.81 2.64 2.70 2.26 2.19 2.62 2.50 2. 61 $2.53 2.72 2.31 2.14 2. 53 2.61 . $1.75 2.37 ■ _ $2.02 2.36 . $2.01 - 2.31 ” . - $2.22 2.56 “ $2.29 - _ - - - 2.65 2.36 “ $2.89 ~ . $2.41 2.81 " . - - $2.65 _ _ $2.60 $2.34 2. 73 2.58 " $2.52 ** $3.00 2.75 2.85 $2.68 “ $2.75 2.87 2.73 - - $2.62 ” Custodial and material movement Guards ..... .......—----------- ----- -■ Janitors, porters, and cleaners ( m e n ) ------------------------Janitors, porters, and Laborers, material handling — Medium (lVa to and including 4 tons) ---------------------------------Heavy (over 4 tons, trailer t y p e ) -----------------------------------Heavy (over 4 tons, other than Truckers, power (fo r k lift )---------W atchm en---------------—------ ---------- _ _ 1.75 1.79 2. 10 2.27 2.26 2.43 2.30 2.57 2.23 2.42 2.27 2.47 2.28 1.93 2.53 2.36 1.57 - 2.05 _ _ 1.69 _ _ _ _ . _ _ - _ - - 1.81 1.87 1.39 1.56 1.43 1.22 1.32 1.96 1.96 - 1. 79 1.85 1. 68 1.96 1.84 1.89 1.86 2.20 2.54 1.58 2. 18 2.37 1.33 2.00 2. 50 2.06 2. 18 1.25 1.94 2.32 1.15 1.88 2.36 1.34 1.72 2.16 1.67 2.42 2.64 1.77 2.53 2.69 2.45 2.45 1.51 2.12 2.45 2.29 2.32 2.36 2.50 1.63 2.37 2.38 2.45 2.55 2.28 2.32 2.46 2.51 2.37 2. 51 2. 06 2.30 2. 17 2. 11 2.54 - 2.63 2.46 - 2.29 2.48 2.38 2.52 2.30 2.68 2.62 2.43 2. 56 - 1.66 2.69 2.72 2.68 2.47 2.47 2.39 2.51 2.39 2.66 2.39 • 2.35 1.75 2.46 2.57 1.82 1.71 1. 71 2.26 1.61 1.65 1.18 2.05 2. 70 2. 50 2.20 - 2.47 1.90 1. 76 2.38 2.50 2.54 2.36 2.28 2. 60 2.42 - 1.93 - - 1.65 1.04 1.34 2.47 2.66 1 Excludes premium pay for overtime and for work on weekends, holidays, and late shifts. * Data limited to m e n workers except where otherwise indicated. 3 1 or more utilities are municipally operated, and, therefore, excluded from the scope of the studies. See footnote 4 to the table in appendix A. 4 Includes all d r iv e r s , r e g a rd le ss o f s ize and type of truck operated. * Transportation (excluding railroads), communication, and other public utilities. NOTE: Dashes indicate no data reported or data that do not meet publication criteria. - 34 Table A-13. Plant occMpations-wholesale trade (Average hourly earnings 1 for selected occupations studied in wholesale trade, winter 1958-59) South Northeast Occupation* Boston NewarkJersey City $ 2 .1 7 $ 2 .6 6 1.75 1.89 1.75 1.95 1.88 2 .0 1 2 .0 5 2 .2 4 1.69 1.83 2 .1 0 2.0 1 1 .9 8 2 .01 2 .0 4 New York City North Central Phila delphia Atlanta Balti m ore $ 2 .6 3 $ 1 .9 7 1.62 1.86 2 .1 3 $1.43 1.73 1.62 West Minne apolis St. Paul St. Louis Los AngelesLong Beach San Fran cis co Oakland Chicago Detroit $ 2 .7 4 $ 2 .6 0 2 .11 1.74 2.01 2 .0 9 1.92 2.21 2.21 2 .2 9 2 .6 5 1 .9 4 2 .0 7 2 .1 8 2 .2 0 2 .5 7 2 .4 9 2 .2 2 2 .5 2 - - - - - - $ 2.04 2 .2 3 2.31 2 .2 4 2.31 2 .4 6 2 .6 5 2 .5 9 2 .5 8 1.98 2 .6 7 2 .4 1 2 .3 3 2 .4 4 2 .4 4 2 .5 3 2 .4 4 2 .5 3 2 .5 4 2 .6 8 - 2 .6 6 2 .5 4 2 .6 1 2 .3 6 Maintenance and powerplant - - $ 2 .7 5 - - Custodial and material movement Janitors, porters, and Laborers, material handling -------Order fillers ■■■— ...........—- ........- Shipping c l e r k s ----------- --- <.. ■ Shipping and receiving clerks -----Light (under l 1/* tons) ------------Medium (lVa to and including 4 to n s )----------------------------------Heavy (over 4 tons, trailer type) -------------------------------------Heavy (over 4 tons, other than Truckers, power (forklift) ----------- $1.6 6 1.83 2 .0 5 1 .74 2 .1 7 2 .1 9 2 .0 9 2 .5 4 2 .5 4 - - 1.50 1.31 1.53 1.46 1.73 1.81 1.88 1.67 1.38 2 .2 6 2 .5 0 2 .3 9 1.63 2 .5 9 2 .7 5 - 2.6 1 - 2 .4 8 2 .7 9 2 .5 4 2 .1 8 2 .0 9 2 .5 2 - 2 .5 7 - - - - - 2 .1 5 2 .4 7 - - 1 .66 1 3 * - 2 .0 3 - - - 1 .87 Excludes premium pay for overtime and for work on weekends, holidays, and late shifts. Data limited to men workers except where otherwise indicated. Includes all drivers, regardless of size and type of truck operated. NOTE: Dashes indicate no data reported or data that do not meet publication criteria. 1.50 - 2 .3 2 1.26 2 .3 3 $1.7 6 2 .2 0 2 .21 2 .1 7 2 .2 4 2 .3 1 2 .3 7 2 .3 0 $ 1 .6 4 1.93 2 .1 0 2 .0 8 2 .0 2 2 .1 5 2 .2 2 2 .4 9 2 .2 4 1.92 2 .3 4 2 .2 3 2 .1 5 2 .3 0 2 .3 9 2 .5 3 2 .5 8 35 Table A-14. Plant occupations-retail trade (Average hourly earnings 1 for selected occupations studied in retail trade, winter 1958-59) Northeast Occupation* Boston NewarkJersey City* South New York City3 Phila delphia3 Atlanta $3.43 2.92 $2.50 Balti m ore North Central Dallas West Minne apolis St. Paul P ort land San Fran cis co Oakland - _ - $3.28 - - - 2.80 " - - $1.49 New Orleans I Chicago $2.63 $2.98 _ - 2.34 1.93 $3.01 3.15 2.98 - - “ - - Detroit* Denver Seattle Maintenance and powsrplant $2.97 . - - - “ $2.68 2. 70 2. 76 - 2.60 2.07 2.19 . - - - $1.87 - _ - - Custodial and material movement Elevator operators, passenger (women) ---- -------------------------------Janitors, porters, and $1.16 1.32 .71 $0.92 .89 .71 1.24 1.00 $1.27 $1.18 $1.27 1.42 1.38 1.37 .95 1.08 1.01 .82 1.50 1.29 1.52 1.15 1.63 1.79 1.65 1.07 1.61 1.87 1.38 1.32 1.71 1.74 2.03 1.78 2.34 1.89 - 1.42 1.70 1.97 1.69 1.56 1. 73 3.00 2.63 1.14 1.82 2.02 1.53 1.43 1.73 2.39 2.39 .86 1.29 1.69 1.26 1.29 1. 54 1. 74 1.50 .81 1.65 1.80 1.30 1.52 1.74 2.03 .79 1.30 1.48 1.25 1.68 1.70 1.41 .64 1.19 1.44 1.39 1.64 1.78 1.43 1.38 2.00 2.13 1.82 2.12 2.08 1.94 2.60 1.16 1.72 2.18 1.96 2.55 1.22 1.75 1.81 1.37 2.08 2.37 1.26 1.78 1.73 1.38 1.64 2.07 1.83 2.13 2.09 2.32 2.40 2.38 2.27 2. 13 2.39 2.30 2.81 1.50 1.99 1.73 2.07 2.03 2.50 1.90 2.22 1.34 2.31 2.39 2.15 1.58 2.25 1.42 1.45 1.84 1.33 1.74 2.01 1. 12 1.30 1.11 1.51 1.57 1.01 . 2.34 1.52 2.55 2.31 1.40 2.33 2.32 1.97 - 2.35 - 2. 78 2.45 2.24 Janitors, porters, and Laborers, material handling —— Packers, shipping (men) ...... Packers, shipping (w om en )---- —Shipping and receiving cle rk s ------- - 1.08 1.36 Medium (lVa to and including Excludes premium pay for overtime and for work on weekends, holidays, and late shifts. Data limited to men workers except where otherwise indicated. Excludes data for limited-price variety stores. Excludes data for 2 large department stores. Includes all drivers, regardless of siae and type of truck operated. NOTE: Dashes indicate no data reported or data that do not meet publication criteria, 36 Table A-15. Plant occupations-financef (A verage hourly earnings 1 fo r s e le cte d occupations studied in finance, insurance, and re a l estate, w inter 1958-59) South N ortheast O ccup ation2 B oston New Y ork City N ew arkJ ersey C ity P h ila delphia Atlanta North Central B alti m o re D allas C hicago D etroit West M inne a p o lis St. Paul St. Louis Los A n gelesLong Beach San F ran cis c o Oakland Maintenance and powerplant C arpenters — —--------...------ -—- —..... . - _ - $2. 56 2 .6 9 2 .4 4 _ $2 .0 9 1.93 _ - _ - $ 1 .3 5 - 1.79 1.58 - - $1. 75 1.99 1.51 1. 54 - . $ 2 .0 4 - $ 3 .6 4 3 .0 6 - $ 2 .5 3 2 .6 9 - 2 .1 5 - _ “ - _ _ - - - - $ 1 .2 0 $ 1 .5 5 $ 1 .9 2 1. 18 1 .48 1.55 1. 77 1.83 1.96 - Custodial and material movement E levator o p era tors, p assenger (men) —------- ------ .. ■■.................... E levator o p era tors , passen ger (women) ------------ ■ .......................... Jan itors, p o r te r s , and cleaners (men) ------------------------:----Jan itors, p o r te r s , and clea n ers (wom en) ------- ----------------W a t c h m e n ---------------------— ------------ 1.26 1.77 $ 1 .0 3 - .9 8 1.52 1.95 1.26 1 .88 $ 1 .8 5 1.42 1.61 1.81 1 .54 $ 0 .9 3 1. 10 1.03 2. 12 1.50 1 .6 7 1.15 1 .55 1.31 1.4 5 1.3 7 1 .54 1.49 1.99 1 .24 1.46 - .9 6 1.09 .7 6 1.06 1.63 " 1.29 1.59 1.3 8 “ 1 .16 ” 1 .47 1 .54 “ 1 Excludes prem iu m pay fo r overtim e and fo r w ork on w eekends, h olid ays, and late shifts. 2 Data lim ited to m en w ork ers except w here otherw ise indicated, t F inance, in surance, and re a l estate. NOTE: Dashes indicate no data reported or data that do not m eet publication c r ite r ia . Table A-16. Plant occupations-services (A verage hourly earnings 1 fo r se le cte d occupations studied in s e r v ic e s , w inter 1958-59) B oston New Y ork City W est North Central N ortheast O ccup ation2 P h ila delphia Los A n geles Long B ea ch 3 Chicago D etroit $ 3 .0 3 2 .9 2 “ _ _ $2. 02 - $ 2 .6 9 1.91 " $ 2 .6 9 - - - Maintenance and powerplant $ 1 .6 0 $2. 17 2 .4 2 1.82 1.98 1.04 1 .54 E le c t r ic ia n s ------------------------------------P a i n t e r s ----------------------------------------- - Custodial and material movement E levator o p e ra to rs , passen ger E levator o p e ra to rs , passen ger (wom en) — ---------------------------- -----Jan itors, p o r te r s , and clea n ers ( m e n ) --------------------------- — Jan itors, p o r te r s , and T ru ck d rivers 4 —— -------------- ---------W a t c h m e n -------- -— — .............. ...... - 1.61 1.00 1. 19 1.69 1.15 1.50 1.48 1.48 2. 15 1.4 7 1. 10 1.85 1.87 1. 14 " - 1.22 1.49 1.45 1.65 1.61 1.26 1.30 1.30 1. 54 - 1 Excludes prem ium pay fo r overtim e and fo r w ork on w eekends, holid ays, and late shifts. 2 Data lim ited to m en w ork ers except w here otherw ise indicated. 3 Excludes data fo r m o tio n -p ictu re production and allied s e r v ic e s ; data fo r these industries are included, h ow ever, in "a ll and "nonm anufacturing. " 4 Includes all d r iv e r s , re g a rd le ss of s ize and type of truck operated. NOTE: Dashes indicate no data reported o r data that do not m eet publication c r ite r ia . 1.36 1.20 - in d u stries" - - ” 37 Differences in Pay Rates for Men and Women The Bureau's community wage surveys provide data for both knen and women in six of the office jobs and three of the plant (non office) jobs studied. With few exceptions, areawide averages for men exceeded the averages for women in the same job categories and areas. The average amounts by which m en's average weekly sala ries exceeded those of women office workers were as follows: Order clerks, $22; payroll clerks, $19; accounting clerks (class A), Ip17. 50; accounting clerks (class B), $14; tabulating-machine operators, $10.50; and office boys and girls, $2. In the three plant jobs, m en's aver age hourly earnings exceeded those of women as follows: Janitors, porters, and cleaners, 30 cents; shipping packers, 29 cents; and pas senger elevator operators, 17 cents. These are averages of pay differences within the 20 areas; they do not represent a comparison of earnings in identical establishments. Of the factors that may influence the pay position of men and women in the same job categories, one is difference in length of serv ice or experience. This information is not collected in the surveys; it seems likely, however, that women generally have less service than men in a particular job. To the extent that individual pay rates were adjusted on the basis of length of service or merit review, longer average service would result in higher average pay for men when both sexes are employed within the same wage range. Pay data in these studies relate to salaries (or hourly rates) paid to each individual worker at the time of study. Differences in length of service would be more of a factor in office than in plant jobs since rate ranges are more common in the office jobs. Differences in duties of men and women in the same job categories may also influence these pay positions. Job descriptions used in classifying employees in these wage surveys are usually more generalized than those used in individual establishments because allow ance must be made for minor differences among establishments in specific duties performed.15 In janitorial work andin packing products or materials for shipment or storage, it can be assumed that, on the average, jobs in which men were employed involved the heavier tasks. Similarly, office occupations could differ sufficiently among establish ments with respect to scope of duties and responsibilities to explain in part the variation in rates found within the categories and areas studied. A measurable factor contributing to differences in earnings of men and women in the same job classification is the variation in the establishments and type of industry in which men and women are 15 This is essential to permit grouping of occupational rates representing comparable job content. The job descriptions used are in appendix B, p. $7. employed. For each of the 20 areas, separate tabulations were pre pared of earnings in establishments employing (a) both men and women in the same job, (b) only men in the job, and (c) only women in the job. Among the nine jobs compared, the proportion of workers in establishments employing both men and women in a job varied from 17 percent of the payroll clerks to 66 percent of the janitors. Nearly three-fourths of the payroll clerks worked in establishments employing only women payroll clerks whereas only about 1 percent of the jani tors worked in establishments employing only women. The nine jobs also differed by the type of establishment in which they were located. About 6 percent of the elevator operators as compared with over 60 percent of the shipping packers were employed in manufacturing establishments. As shown in the estimates for the nine jobs combined below, men were found in manufacturing establishments more often than women. P e r c e n t o f e m p lo y e e s found in — Men A ll e sta b lis h m e n ts -------------------------E sta b lish m en t group em p loyin g men on ly in j o b -----------------------------E sta b lish m en t group em p loyin g both s e x e s in j o b -------------------------- M anufacturing N onm anufacturine 42 21 47 53 37 63 2£ 70 37 63 23 77 Women A ll e s t a b l is h m e n t s --------------- ---------E sta b lish m e n t group em p loyin g w om en o n ly in j o b ------------------------E sta b lish m e n t group em p loyin g both s e x e s in jo b ------------------------- Tables 5 and 6 present, separately for manufacturing and nonmanufacturing, comparisons of m en's and women's earnings by job and area in (a) all establishments, (b) establishments employing both men and women in the same job, and (c) establishments employ ing only men or women in the job. Averages for women in all in dustries in each area and job, were used as a basis for comparison, i. e., the earnings for men and women in the above groups of estab wage lishments were divided by the average for women in all industries in the same job and area to establish the pay relatives presented in tables 5 and 6. 38 In the great majority of cases, the difference between m en's and women's earnings was greatly reduced when the comparison was limited to their earnings in identical establishments, i. e .,' those which employed both men and women in the same job. The greatest differences were between earnings in establishments employing only men and those employing only women. Average earnings for men and women in identical establishments may, however, differ even when their earnings are the same in individual establishments. Such a difference might occur because of differences in the proportion of men or women employed by establishments with different pay levels. In order to summarize the data presented in tables 5 and 6, a simple average of the pay relatives for each establishment group ing16 was computed for each of the 9 jobs in the 20 areas. Com parisons of the averages of pay relatives were then possible for each of the 9 jobs in manufacturing and nonmanufacturing (18 comparisons). Among the nine jobs and establishment groupings, m en's earnings in establishments employing only men in the job were generally highest. Their pay relatives or earnings were highest for four of the nine jobs in manufacturing and for six of the nine in nonmanufacturing. Lowest relatives or earnings were for women in establishments employing only women; their earnings were the lowest among the establishment groupings in eight of the nine jobs in both manufacturing and nonmanu facturing establishments. Earnings by establishment groupings gen erally ranked as follows; (1) Highest earnings were m en's in estab lishments employing only men in the job; (2) m en's earnings in all establishments; (3) m en's earnings in establishments employing men and women; (4) women's earnings in establishments employing men and women; (5) women's earnings in all establishments; and (6) low est earnings were women's in establishments employing only women. From this ranking, it is evident that the greatest differences in earn ings were between earnings in groups 1 and 6 and smallest differences were between groups 3 and 4. For all nine jobs combined, the average difference between m en's and women's earnings was 16 percent in manufacturing and 19 percent in nonmanufacturing establishments. In establishments employing men and women in the same job, these differences were reduced to 9 percent in manufacturing and 12 percent in nonmanufac turing. The difference was greatest between earnings of men in plants employing men only and earnings of women in establishments employ ing women only—23 percent in both manufacturing and nonmanufacturing. In the establishments studied which employed both sexes in the same job, the proportion of establishments in which the average for women was at least $1 a week higher than the m en's average for the same job ranged from 21 to 37 percent among the six office jobs 16 The groups of establishments include (a) all establishments, (b) establishments employing men and women in the same job, and (c) establishments employing only one sex in a job. (table 7). The difference was less than $ 1 a week in from 9 to 29 per cent of the establishments. The proportion of establishments in which m en's averages were at least $ 1 more than women's for the same job ranged from 41 percent for office boys to 71 percent for order clerks. It should be noted that these differences are limited to dif ferences in establishment job averages and relate only to rates ac tually paid. Data on formal rate ranges were not collected and it is probable that some of the establishments tabulated as having higher rates for one sex, in reality employed both sexes within the same rate range. Among plant jobs, the proportion of establishments with women's averages at least 3 cents an hour higher than m en's averages (in the same job and establishment) ranged from 5 percent for janitors to 13 percent for passenger elevator operators (table 8). The pro portion of establishments in which the difference was less than 3 cents ranged from 21 percent of the establishments for shipping packers to 55 percent for passenger elevator operators; m en's averages ex ceeded women's by 3 cents or more for elevator operators in 32 per cent of the establishments and for janitors in 72 percent. It can be noted that differences between establishment averages for men and women were smallest for office boys and girls and for elevator op erators. Differences in duties according to sex can be ruled out as a pay factor in these jobs. The following example is cited to illustrate further how in dividual earnings affect the averages presented. Men operators of passenger elevators in Chicago averaged $ 2 .0 8 an hour, 77 cents more than women in this occupation. Earnings of men and women, however, were nearly the same in establishments which employed both men and women elevator operators. In these establishments, men averaged $ 1 .3 5 and women $ 1 .3 3 . Only about 7 percent of the men elevator operators in Chicago were employed in such establishments, however, compared with 43 percent of the women. Establishments employing only men elevator operators provided an average wage of $ 2 .1 4 an hour, 84 cents more than women averaged in the establish ments employing only women. In these establishments employing only one sex in the job, 80 percent of the men were employed in office buildings. Labor-management agreements covering elevator opera tors were in effect in a majority of the office buildings in Chicago. About 85 percent of the men elevator operators in establishments employing only men in the job earned $ 2 .1 5 , the union hourly scale for elevator operators in building service. Seventy percent of the women elevator operators, on the other hand, were employed in retail trade establishments and nearly 30 percent were employed in hotels. The accompanying tables show that the differences between m en's and women's earnings are greatly reduced when comparisons are limited to identical establishments. Indications are that the re maining differentials in identical establishments are at least partially accounted for by differences in workers' positions within rate ranges, differences in length of service, and differences in actual duties within the limits of the job descriptions. 39 Table 5. Pay comparisons by sex, office workers (R elative pay le v e ls in o ffic e s em ploying m en and w om en, m en only, and w om en only in se le cte d o ffic e jo b s by industry d ivision and labor m arket, w inter 1958-59) M anufacturing Nonmanufacturing Men in o ffic e s em ploying m en and w om en W omen in o ffic e s em ploying m en and w om en 130.6 116.0 127.0 105.6 110.9 100.0 W om en in all o ffic e s Men in all o ffic e s Men in o ffic e s em ploying only m en Boston: Accounting c le r k s , c la s s A Accounting c le r k s , c la s s B _ rlerlm ,---- .. . P a y ro ll c le r k s O ffire hoy a or girla _ . . T_ ,.._T _ T abulating-m achine o p e r a t o r s _____________ 100.7 105.9 100.0 no. i 111.8 133.3 113.4 131. 1 136. 1 111.8 132.0 102.0 124.4 9 7 .0 125.2 114. 1 122.8 Buffalo: Accounting c le r k s , c la s s A Accounting c le r k s , c la s s B O rder rlerk e . ... P a yroll cle rk s O ffice boys or g ir ls Tabulating-m achine o p erators 103.1 109.4 103.1 102.1 104.6 106.8 131.9 150.4 156.9 154.5 108.3 119.8 136.9 156.7 140.8 139.2 108.3 121.0 101.2 103.1 106.1 101.3 100.9 107.0 118.4 124.2 142.7 117.3 103.6 123.2 New Y ork City: Accounting c le r k s , c la s s A Accounting c le r k s , c la s s B O rder cle r k s __ _____ P a y roll c le r k s _ __ O ffice boys or g ir ls Tabulating-m achine o p e r a t o r s ____________ 103.0 103.8 9 9 .3 100.6 101.0 104.0 Philadelphia: Accounting c le r k s , c la s s A Accounting c le r k s , c la s s B __ O rder cle r k s P a y roll cle r k s _ __ O ffice boys or g ir ls — T abulating-m achine o p e ra to rs 110.4 104.2 102.2 103. 1 115.9 Labor m arket and occupation W om en in o ffic e s em ploying only w om en W om en in all o ffic e s Men in all o ffic e s 117.2 114.2 100.0 104.2 100.0 105. 1 107.9 9 9 .3 9 8 .3 9 9 .2 100.8 9 8 .0 9 6 .9 118.7 107.6 144.3 119.7 101.0 112.6 125.0 149.6 170.8 162.2 109.3 119.8 112.5 125.2 139.2 137. 1 118.5 112.3 9 8 .8 103.9 9 4 .6 9 5 .8 103.7 103.7 9 6 .3 111.3 122.7 126.6 141.2 114.7 100.0 130.3 115.3 121.1 148.1 121.3 116.4 118.3 102.5 107.0 105.3 114.7 112.7 109.2 100.0 102.3 106. 1 9 8 .7 9 5 .5 102. 1 9 9 .4 9 6 .9 9 6 .2 113.7 117. 3 121.3 106.5 102.9 108.7 111.9 118.0 130.1 102.6 9 9 .0 110.7 115.5 116.5 111.0 112.3 111.5 103.3 105.4 111.3 9 2 .6 9 7 .4 104.8 108.0 125.3 119.2 129.0 107.3 121.7 118.2 125.8 127.9 118.3 115.6 110.0 Men in o ffic e s em ploying m en and w om en W om en in o ffic e s em ploying m en and w om en 124.3 126.9 141.8 119.7 103.0 118.9 114.6 104.2 150.8 119.7 9 8 .0 110.2 101.4 101.7 107.4 109.8 101.0 105.5 9 7 .9 9 5 .8 9 5 .9 100.0 9 3 .9 8 9 .8 108.8 113.1 101.3 9 3.1 _ _ - Men in o ffic e s em ploying only m en W omen in o ffic e s em ploying only w om en Northeast N ew ark -Jersey City: Accounting cle r k s , cla s s A Accounting c le r k s , c la s s B O rder cle rk s __ _ ---- ------ P a yroll cle r k s . . . .. O ffice hoys or g ir ls Tabulating-m achine op e ra to rs __ . _ _ — ---- - NOTE: Dashes indicate data that do not m eet publication c r it e r ia . - - 126. 1 108.3 123.9 - - 132.6 9 5 .8 117.4 - - 117.4 9 6 .9 121.7 - - - - - - - - ~ _ " 100.0 95. 1 110.4 132.8 132.1 100.9 104.9 114.7 101.6 134.4 _ 9 8 .2 113.4 107.4 137.5 117.6 . 106.4 102.8 9 6 .9 9 7 .7 120.6 _ 100.9 103.5 100.6 9 6 .9 93 .9 _ 9 6 .4 9 0.8 9 9 .4 9 8 .5 103.7 101.3 8 9 .4 100.7 9 9 .4 9 8 .5 100.7 100.0 100.0 100.0 111.3 103.8 117.6 105.8 102.9 102.0 117.9 112.8 120.6 106.5 103.8 102.7 106.5 100.8 114.7 105.2 9 8.1 101.3 9 8 .2 9 9 .2 100.7 101.9 9 9 .0 9 8 .7 101.8 9 7 .7 100.7 9 9 .4 102.9 104.0 103.9 101.7 101.4 105.2 108.0 9 3 .5 9 6 .7 9 5 .1 9 4 .9 9 7 .9 9 2 .0 114.3 115.0 139.3 129.0 103. 1 104.3 112.3 115.0 138.5 124.6 102. 1 115.9 115.6 115.0 140.2 144.2 106.2 9 2 .8 98.1 100.0 100.8 139.9 9 4 .8 9 2 .0 90 .9 9 4 .2 9 4 .3 9 2 .8 100.0 9 2 .0 - 40 Table 5. Pay comparisons by sex, office workers-Continued (R elative pay le v e ls in o ffic e s em ploying m en and w om en, m en only, and w om en only in se le cte d o ffic e jo b s by industry division and labor m ark et, w inter 1958-59) (A verage fo r w om en in all industries in each jo b and a rea ■ 100) Manufactur ing Labor m arket and occupation Men in o ffic e s em ploying only m en Nonmanufacturing Men in o ffic e s em ploying m en and w om en W om en in o ffic e s em ploying m en and w om en W omen in o ffic e s em ploying only w om en Men in o ffic e s em ploying m en and w om en W omen in o ffic e s em ploying m en and w om en Women in all o ffic e s Men in all o ffic e s Men in o ffic e s em ploying only m en 105.0 109.1 9 8 .3 100.0 “ 9 9 .4 9 9 .2 100.0 9 8 .6 9 8 .0 9 5 .6 117.6 120.7 124.4 123.2 102.0 110.2 117.6 130.6 126.9 121.7 103.0 116.8 117.6 119.8 105.9 124.6 100.0 103.6 100.6 108.3 100.8 113.8 9 6 .0 9 7 .8 9 8.1 9 4.2 9 9 .2 97 .1 9 9 .0 8 9.8 104.8 122.6 117.9 " 118.5 108.9 9 9 .3 " 9 6 .6 9 6 .8 9 9.1 9 6 .9 9 4 .0 125.3 140.3 152.8 . 9 9 .0 116.4 130.1 108.1 143.5 113.7 147.6 163.0 9 6 .6 102.4 125.0 9 6 .6 9 6 .0 9 7.2 9 7 .9 117.9 100.0 103.7 100.0 88. 1 9 4 .8 9 6 .3 152.0 138.7 131.1 122.7 ■ 111.3 114.3 143.7 121.6 " 103. 3 116.8 9 6 .3 120.6 ■ 9 7 .3 9 6 .6 9 5 .0 9 9 .3 9 3 .8 9 7 .1 122.7 124.4 125.2 117.0 9 9 .0 105. 1 124.0 137.0 126.1 108.1 9 9 .0 105. 1 121.3 120.2 123.5 125.9 100.0 104.4 112.7 101.7 101.7 111. 1 9 2 .8 9 2 .6 8 8 .7 94 .1 9 0 .8 97 .8 9 6.9 105.9 126.8 138.5 - 142.0 100.9 “ 122.5 103.4 - 9 0 .6 106.8 “ 9 7.1 9 5 .7 100.0 - 128.3 122.2 9 4 .6 " 119.6 121.4 9 4 .6 " 144.9 169.2 “ 112.3 162.4 “ 9 5 .7 _ 9 1 .5 100.0 “ 119.9 110.3 126.7 136.3 - 123.8 131.9 179.8 - 100.0 119.8 190.3 - 9 7 .4 9 6 .6 114.7 9 8 .4 - 100.0 9 9.1 9 6 .6 9 9 .2 9 8 .8 117.9 115.5 119.0 137.9 111. 1 116.6 120.7 113.8 133.1 112.3 118.5 106.9 128.4 161.3 109.9 102.6 9 8 .3 99 .1 126.6 107.4 9 7 .4 9 9.1 9 5 .7 9 6 .0 9 3 .8 W om en in all o ffic e s Men in all o ffic e s 104.4 106.6 100.8 101.4 - 118.9 124.0 127.7 111.6 " 117.0 135.5 125.2 110.1 ■ 124.5 120.7 142.9 114.5 “ 102.5 104.1 107.6 115.9 " B a ltim ore: Accounting c le r k s , c la s s A —______ _____ Accounting c le r k s , c la s s B --- -------- T------O rder c le r k s _ . . ---- . P a y roll c le r k s _ ....... O ffice boys or g ir ls _ _ Tahulating-m achine o p e ra to rs _ 111.0 114.5 101.5 “ 137.0 133.1 164.2 “ 143.2 138.7 170.9 “ 124.0 129.8 144.8 “ D allas: Accounting c le r k s , c la s s A _ Accounting c le r k s , cla s s R O rder c le r k s P a y ro ll c le r k s . __ O ffice boys or g ir ls _ T abulating-m achine o p e ra to rs _ 106.7 116.0 100.7 120.6 ~ 144.7 135.3 122.2 109.3 125.3 124.4 114.8 102. 1 ■ M em phis: A ccounting c le r k s , cla s s A --------------- ----Accounting c le r k s , c la s s B O rder cle r k s _ ... P a y roll cle r k s ... ---O ffice boys or g ir ls _ __ Tabulating-m achine o p erators 109.4 106.0 - 134. 1 112.8 - New O rleans: Accounting c le r k s , c la s s A Accounting c le r k s , c la s s R O rder cle r k s _ __ P a y roll c le r k s ........... .. _ O ffice boys or g ir ls . ......... Tabula tin g-m achine o p e ra to rs 9 8 .7 102.6 114.7 100.0 - 120.5 122.4 126.7 146.8 - Women in o ffic e s em ploying only w om en South Atlanta: A ccounting c le r k s , c la s s A _ _____ __ Accounting c le r k s , c la s s B ______________ O rder c le r k s _____________ P a yroll rlerka O ffice hoy* or g ir ls _____ . . . Tabulating-m achine o p e ra to rs ----------------- ~ ' NOTE: D ashes indicate data that do not m eet publication c r ite r ia . _ _ 41 Table 5. Pay com parisons |by sex, office w orkers-C o n tin u ed (R elative pay le v e ls in o ffic e s em ploying m en and w om en, m en only, and w om en only in se le cte d o ffic e jo b s by industry d ivision and labor m arket, w inter 1958-59) (A verage for w om en in all industries in each jo b and a rea ■ 100) Manufa c tur ing Labor m arket and occupation W omen in all o ffic e s Men in all o ffic e s . Men in o ffic e s em ploying only m en Nonmanufacturing Men in o ffic e s em ploying m en and w om en W om en in o ffic e s em ploying m en and w om en W om en in o ffic e s em ploying only w om en W omen in all o ffic e s Men in all o ffic e s Men in o ffic e s em ploying only m en Men in o ffic e s em ploying m en and w om en W om en in o ffic e s em ploying m en and w om en Women in o ffice s em ploying only w om en North Central Chicago: Accounting c le r k s , cla s s A ________ _ Accounting c le r k s , c la s s B ___ . ___ O rder cle rk s ____ _________ _________________ P a yroll c le r k s ^ O ffice boys or g i r l s _____ _____________ _______ Tabulating-m achine o p e ra to rs __ - 102.3 104.3 106.4 100.0 104.2 " 119.0 123.6 139.0 121.5 104.2 " 118.4 124.3 137.6 124. 1 102.5 ■ 119.0 122.9 140.4 118.4 108.5 ■ 104.6 110.7 131.9 105.7 112.7 100.6 102.9 100.7 9 8 .7 100.8 “ 9 8 .9 97.1 9 6 .5 100.0 9 7 .5 100.0 113.8 108.6 141.8 123.4 9 8 .3 111.6 117.8 111.4 144.7 134.2 9 8 .3 112.3 112. 1 107.1 137.6 112.0 100.8 110.3 100.0 9 9 .3 100.7 9 7 .5 9 6 .6 102.6 D etroit: Accounting c le r k s , cla s s A ______________________ Accounting c le r k s , c la s s B . O rder c le r k s ____ , P a y ro ll cle r k s _ O ffice boys or g ir ls _______ . . . . ____ Tabulating-m achine o p e r a t o r s ____________ 112.4 117.7 111.9 107.3 114.6 109.1 122.6 133.3 160.1 139.0 109.8 114.3 121.5 137.6 157.3 111.6 100.8 122.3 123. 1 128.4 173.4 139.6 123.6 112.0 114.0 126.2 124.5 117.7 123.6 110.3 107.5 112.1 102.8 103.0 103.3 101. 1 9 0 .3 9 3 .6 9 4 .4 8 7 .8 8 7 .0 8 6 .3 114.5 109.9 143.4 111.0 9 2 .7 100.0 121.0 105.7 143.4 111.0 91. 1 103.4 103.2 112.8 142.7 110.4 9 5 .9 9 2 .0 9 4.1 102.8 110.5 8 6 .6 9 6 .7 8 3 .4 8 9.2 9 2.2 76.9 8 7 .8 82.1 89. 1 Milwaukee: Accounting c le r k s , c la s s A _ ___ Accounting c le r k s , cla s s B O rder c le r k s _______ ___... -------------------P a yroll cle r k s _ O ffice boys or g ir ls ___ _ __ Tabulating-m achine o p e r a t o r s _________________ 127.1 128.3 122.9 107.2 105.4 112.7 106.8 139.5 100.0 103. 1 108.8 104.8 9 6 .4 96 .1 9 2 .2 9 4.1 9 5 .9 119.3 129.5 131.8 116.9 148. 1 131.0 124.7 9 3 .0 157.4 101.2 9 6 .1 120.2 9 4 .6 9 5 .3 8 3 .7 116.7 125.9 144.2 115.7 122.4 116.7 112.2 125.5 126.5 9 4.1 105.4 8 6 .3 9 5 .2 95.1 95.9 103.4 105.0 106.5 122.8 113. 3 156. 1 125.5 123. 3 156.9 9 9 .3 9 9 .2 9 6 .7 129.5 125.8 143.9 125.5 125.0 139.0 132.9 125.8 156.1 111.4 109.2 115.4 9 4 .6 9 6 .7 9 0 .2 ,_M M m M in neapolis-St. Paul: Accounting clerics, c la s s A ... Accounting c le r k s , c la s s B ... ............. O rder cle rk s P a y ro ll c le r k s _ _ _ _ O ffice boys or g i r l s _______________ _________________ Tabulating-m achine o p e r a t o r s _________________ St. Louis: Accounting c le r k s , cla s s A Accounting c le r k s , c la s s B _ . O rder cle rk s _ __ P a y roll c le r k s _ _ _ O ffice boys or g i r l s ____ _______ _____ ________ ____ Tabulating-m achine o p e ra to rs _ _ __ NOTE: 102.4 - - - 126.5 129.3 106.0 9 5 .0 117.9 9 5 .7 ■ 102.0 108.3 105. 7 9 7 .9 ” 101.1 9 7 .0 108.5 117.2 107.4 116.4 110.6 117.9 102.1 9 6 .3 100.0 100.7 108.7 122.3 102.5 107.4 100.9 102.6 103. 1 101.7 101.7 9 4 .9 9 4 .3 100.6 9 5 .0 9 6 .7 9 9 .2 108. 1 101.9 9 8.1 114.3 113.2 135.8 125.0 9 3 .4 116.2 114.9 121.5 136.7 117.6 9 3 .4 113.0 113.7 105.0 135.8 130.9 98. 1 120. 1 9 6 .3 9 2 .6 112.5 136.8 105.7 125.3 9 5 .0 9 8 .3 9 1 .7 104.4 100.9 83. 1 - 9 7 .9 ” 105.3 104.3 “ 105.0 104.1 102.5 9 5 .6 9 9.1 101.9 118.0 150.4 147.5 129.4 105.7 114.3 113.7 153.7 153.3 138.2 108.5 120. 1 123.0 147. 1 113.3 112.5 101.9 110.4 - - - - 110. 1 115.7 108.2 134.9 119.5 105.0 142.3 106 .4 " Dashes indicate data that do not m eet publication cr ite r ia , - 97.1 9 7.1 9 3 .6 100.6 9 7 .5 9 6.8 - - - - - - - - - - - - 42 Table 5. Pay com parisons by sex, office w orke rs-C o n tin u e d tR elative pay le v e ls in o ffic e s em ploying m en and w om en, m en only, and w om en only in s e le cte d o ffic e jo b s by industry division and labor m arket, w inter 1958-59) (A verage for w om en in all industries in each job and area = 100) M anufacturing Labor m arket and occupation W omen in all o ffic e s Men in all o ffic e s Men in o ffic e s em ploying only m en Men in o ffic e s em ploying m en and w om en Nonmanufacturing W om en in o ffic e s em ploying m en and w om en W om en in o ffic e s em ploying only w om en W om en in all o ffic e s Men in all o ffic e s Men in o ffic e s em ploying only m en 129.1 133.3 123.1 Men in o ffic e s em ploying m en and women Women in o ffic e s em ploying m en and w om en 115.9 104. 1 102.5 _ 9 7 .0 100.0 100.0 8 9 .5 Women in o ffic e s em ploying only w om en West D enver: Accounting clerics, c la s s A ______ ____ __ Accounting c le r k s , cla s s B __ O rder c le r k s P a yroll c le r k s , ....... .. ..... . __ O ffice boys or g ir ls ------------ —..........^-------Tabulating-m achine o p e r a t o r s ____________ 111.3 110.6 100.7 “ 124.5 130. 1 113.2 " 126.5 147.2 111.8 " 110.6 122.8 125.0 “ 111.9 108.1 79 .9 " 111.3 112.2 100.7 - 9 6 .7 9 8 .4 9 8 .3 9 9 .0 9 5 .8 119.2 122.8 121.5 100.0 112.6 100.0 115.4 114.6 120.3 119.0 _ 101.0 105.6 L os A n geles: Accounting cle rk s , c la s s A _ _ ........... A ccounting c le r k s , c la s s B O rder c le r k s ......... _ ---_ _ _____ _ P a yroll cle r k s ........ . . ..................... __ O ffice boys or g ir ls Tabulating-m achine o p e ra to rs ____________ 101.2 104.9 9 8 .8 101.2 105.0 101.1 117.9 110.5 116.7 124.2 110. 1 106.2 126.0 101.4 122.2 126.7 109.2 105.6 108.1 111.2 101.9 117.6 111.8 106.2 104.0 111.9 9 0 .7 107.9 116.8 101.1 9 8 .8 102. 1 101.9 100.6 101.7 101.1 9 8 .8 9 6 .5 101.2 9 8 .2 9 6 .6 9 9 .4 112.7 118.9 115.4 127.3 101.7 103.4 109.2 107.7 116.0 132. 1 104.2 108.5 115.6 119.6 113.6 120.6 9 5 .8 9 8 .3 97 .1 102.8 9 8 .8 106.1 9 1 .6 98 .9 9 9 .4 9 5 .8 102.5 9 7.6 9 8 .3 9 9 .4 Portland: Accounting c le r k s , c la s s A Accounting c le r k s , c la s s B O rder c le r k s .................... P a y roll c le r k s .... ........ . ........ .................. O ffice boys or g ir ls Tahnlating-m achine o p erators 102.5 “ 119.8 " 122.2 “ 115.4 “ 101.9 ~ 103.1 “ 9 8 .1 102.3 “ 128.4 142.7 “ 127.8 142.7 ■ 130.2 142.0 _ - 118.5 _ 113.7 9 3 .8 109.5 112.2 103. 1 101.2 108.4 102.4 121.9 129.5 140.0 129.2 106.7 112.6 120.7 133.8 127.5 131.5 103.4 116.8 123. 1 127.3 174.4 126.2 110.9 104.2 111.8 125.2 116.3 113.1 110.1 100.6 105.9 109.4 100.0 9 9 .4 105.9 103.6 9 5 .9 9 7 .1 9 8 .8 9 8 .2 9 4 .1 9 8 .8 112.4 116.5 118.8 107.7 9 8 .3 104.8 117.2 121.6 120.0 103.0 9 5 .8 109.0 110. 1 114.4 114.4 114.3 105.0 101.8 104.7 100.7 121.9 105.4 100.0 101.2 8 9.9 9 5 .7 8 3 .8 9 7 .0 89.1 9 2 .8 121.9 116.2 120.0 116.2 123.8 116.2 9 9 .3 100.0 9 4 .3 9 3 .4 127.5 129.3 106.7 121.9 127.5 130.7 106.7 124.5 126.8 119.3 108.6 111.9 9 5 .4 9 1 .4 . 9 6 .2 102.6 100.0 100.7 9 3 .3 9 0 .7 San F ran cisco-O aklan d : A ccounting c le r k s , c la s s A Accounting c le r k s , c la s s B P a y ro ll cle r k s ------------------------------------ ------O ffice hoys or g ir ls _ _ T abulating-m achine o p e ra to rs Seattle: Accounting c le r k s , c la s s A Accounting c le r k s , c la s s B O rder c le r k s P a y ro ll c le r k s .....- ------------------ ------—■__ __ Tabulating-m achine o p e ra to rs NOTE: D ashes indicate data that do not m eet publication c r it e r ia . _ _ _ 9 1 .4 9 6 .7 9 7 .5 _ 9 4 .7 _ - 43 Table 6. Pay com parisons by sex, plant w orkers (Relative pay levels in establishments employing m e n and women, m e n only, and women only in selected plant jobs by industry division and labor market, winter 1958-59) J^Averag^Jorjwomen^ii^allj^ Manufacturing Labor m arket and occupation W omen in all plants Men in all plants Men in plants em ploying only men N onmanufa c tur ing M en in plants em ploying m en and w om en W omen in plants em ploying m en and w om en W omen in plants em ploying only w om en W omen in all plants Men in all plants Men in plants em ploying only m en Men in plant 8 em ploying m en and w om en W omen in plants em ploying m en and w om en Women in plants em ploying only w om en Northeast Boston: Jan itors, p o r te r s , and c l e a n e r s ___ P a rk e rs , shipping „r „ _ .... __ _ _ Elevator o p e r a to r s , passenger Buffalo: J a n itors , p o r te r s , and r.leaners P a c k e r s , shipping _ __ E levator o p e r a to r s , passenger „ N ew ark -Jersey City: Jan itors, p o r te r s , and r.leaners ________ P a ck e rs , shipping __________________ ____ E levator op e r a to r s , passenger New Y ork City: Jan itors, p o r te r s , and cle a n e rs P a ck e rs , shipping Elevator o p e r a to r s , passenger Philadelphia: Jan itors, p o r te r s , and cle a n e rs _ P a ck e rs , shipping . . . Elevator o p e r a to r s , passenger __ 116.8 102. 1 134.4 115.9 ~ 128.2 115.9 - 139.7 118.6 - 120.6 113.1 - 9 5 .4 9 3 .8 - 9 7 .7 9 5 .2 9 9 .2 109.9 122.8 107.6 113.7 125. 5 103.4 108.4 100.7 115.3 9 6 .9 9 5 .9 107.6 104.6 94. 1 124. 1 105.0 - 144.7 122.7 - 143. 3 121.0 - 146. 1 124. 3 127.0 112.2 - 105.0 8 6 .7 - 8 9 .4 102.1 100.7 103. 5 9 5 .7 - 80. 1 - 118.9 105.9 133.6 125. 5 - 132.2 127.5 - 135.7 118. 3 - 122.4 104.6 - 8 3 .2 107.8 - 9 4 .4 9 8 .5 112.0 113.3 113.5 101.4 9 1 .7 9 4 .4 _ 88. 7 95 .1 _ 103.0 112.1 " 113.4 107.4 “ 129.5 113.4 8 5.9 9 9 .3 9 7 .5 100.0 114. 1 108.0 107.5 104.0 106.7 106.8 118. 1 112.9 111.8 100.0 9 3 .3 102.5 8 8 .6 104.9 9 3 .8 117. 1 138.8 140.3 138.8 111.6 " 9 5 .3 9 3 .3 9 6 .9 116.3 114.7 118.6 110.1 119.3 119.4 119.4 103. 3 115.5 9 5 .3 9 4 .7 103. 1 89. 1 8 9 .3 92.2 - - - - " - - - - - - 117. 1 - - - “ ■ • - - - - - - - - 113. 3 - - South Atlanta: Jan itors, p o r te r s , and c l e a n e r s _______ P a ck e rs , shipping E levator o p era to rs, passenger __ ______ B altim ore: Jan itors, p o r te r s , and cle a n e rs P a ck e rs , shipping _ _ E levator op era to rs, passenger D allas: Jan itors, p o r te r s , and c l e a n e r s _______ Elevator op era to rs, passenger _ M em phis: Jan itors, p o r te r s , and cle a n e rs P a ck e rs , shipping _ E levator op era to rs, p assenger New O rleans: Jan itors, p o r te r s , and cle a n e rs P a ck e rs , shipping E levator op era to rs, passenger ...... ... 136.4 - 172.7 - 179.5 - 160.2 - 137. 5 “ 113.6 - 9 3 .2 9 5 .0 118.2 102.9 122.7 104. 3 “ 115.9 9 4 .3 - 9 3 .2 94. 3 - 98 .9 9 6 .4 124.5 9 6 .8 - 167.9 148.0 ■ 163.2 152.8 - 175.5 110.4 - 132. 1 9 4 .4 105.7 9 7 .6 ~ 8 9 .6 115.2 100.0 105. 7 124.8 9 9 .0 107.5 125.6 8 8 .9 101.9 120.8 151.5 8 9 .6 124.0 162.6 9 2 .5 113.6 9 8 .0 135.8 - 157.9 “ 157.9 - 157.9 - 135.8 - 9 4 .7 100.0 115.8 107. 1 112.6 127. 1 117.9 94. 1 9 4 .7 135.2 102.5 156.0 136.9 “ 147. 3 144.3 175.8 103.3 ■ 140.7 109.8 “ 125. 3 9 4 .3 “ 8 7 .9 112. 1 112. 1 198.7 200 .0 196.0 188.0 - 145.3 - __ ______ 168.0 - - NOTE: Dashes indicate data that do not meet publication criteria. - - . - - - - 112. 1 - - 6 9 .4 9 1 .2 - 8 8 .4 - 117.6 68.1 - 100.0 9 2 .5 8 9 .6 123.9 128.4 9 4 .0 9 7 .3 9 5 .9 100.0 125.3 137.8 122.4 121.3 141.8 122.4 128.0 110.2 109.0 9 6 .0 9 4 .9 137.3 117.3 105.1 9 7 .0 44 Table 6. Pay com parisons, by sex, plant w o rk e rs-C o n tin u e d (R elative pay le v e ls in establishm ents em ploying m en and w om en, m en only, and w om en only in se le cte d plant jobs by industry d ivision and labor m arket, w inter 1958-59) (A verage for w om en in all industries in each job and area = 100) Manufacturing Labor m arket and occupation W om en in all plants Men in plants em ploying only m en Men in all plants Nonmanufacturing Men in plants em ploying m en and w om en Women in plants em ploying m en and wom en W omen in plants em ploying only w om en W omen in all plants Men in all plants Men in plants em ploying only m en Men in plants em ploying m en and w om en Women in plants em ploying m en and w om en 9 9 .4 8 6 .5 9 9.2 W omen in plants em ploying only w om en North Central Chicago: Jan itors, p o r te r s , and c l e a n e r s _______ P a ck e rs , shipping _____________________ 105.0 104.7 117.4 117.6 116. 1 116.5 118.6 120.0 - 106.2 105. 3 _ 8 1 .4 103. 5 _ 9 9 .4 87. 1 9 9 .2 109.3 111.8 158.8 9 6 .9 114.7 163.4 117.4 9 7 .6 100.8 132.7 102.8 149.0 105.6 150.3 105.6 147.6 107.4 134.0 105.6 8 6 .4 102.8 “ 8 7 .8 103.4 103.4 104. 1 8 7 .8 87. 1 100.0 109. 1 105.8 113.2 100.0 100.0 9 1.9 109.4 99 .2 D etroit: Elevator op era tors, passenger ________ Milwaukee: Jan itors, p o r te r s , and c l e a n e r s _______ P a ck e rs , shipping _____________________ Elevator o p e r a to r s , passenger ________ 122. 1 115.2 - 120.6 9 8 .8 " 9 0 .4 8 6 .5 115.4 119.9 - 110. 3 113. 5 121.3 146.2 - 8 9 .7 102.9 - 91.9 6 8 .4 - 134.0 119.9 8 5 .8 9 5 .7 89. 1 100.0 112.8 137.2 108.5 107. 1 139. 1 107.8 117.0 110.9 118.4 9 5 .7 8 4 .0 105.0 9 1 .5 94 .9 9 9 .3 139.8 123.0 140.2 143.0 113.7 121.9 108.7 9 6 .9 132.8 9 1 .4 9 7 .5 9 5 .9 100.8 126. 1 94. 3 101.6 129.2 9 3 .4 99.2 109.3 95. 1 9 1 .4 109.3 94. 3 9 7 .7 65.8 9 7 .5 124.0 110. 1 118.5 110.8 129.5 103.2 115. 1 8 8 .6 9 6 .2 9 7 .9 - 9 3 .2 - 8 7 .0 - 100.0 - 97.9 - 125.9 109.5 126.6 111.6 125. 3 102. 1 - 117. 1 102.6 * 132.3 9 8 .9 9 6 .8 9 8 .7 107.0 no. i 105. 1 9 8 .0 8 8 .6 106. 7 104.7 9 3 .3 9 8 .0 - 109.3 ’ 107.3 - 110.7 - 9 8 .7 - 94 .0 - 9 8 .9 9 7 .9 9 8 .4 101.1 117.6 9 0 .5 9 5 .3 120.3 8 3.2 102.6 101.1 103.7 9 8.9 9 3 .0 103.2 115. 5 86. 3 9 5.2 9 3 .3 100.0 115.6 105.4 115.6 9 9 .4 115. 1 9 5.2 9 2.2 9 4 .4 122.1 104.7 - 146. 3 125. 1 “ 143.4 126.3 * 148.5 113.5 - 117.0 133.3 132.6 121.9 100.6 132.8 141.4 121.7 140.2 115. 1 9 5 .6 117. 1 102. 1 M inneapolis-St. Paul: J a n i t o r s , p o r t e r s , and c l e a n e r s P a c k e r s , shipping E levator opera tors, p assen ger _ St. Louis: Jan itors, p o r te r s , and c l e a n e r s _______ P a ck e rs , shipping _____________________ E lev ator op e ra to rs, passenger .... . _ _ _ _ _ - West Denver: Jan itors, p o r te r s , and c l e a n e r s _______ P a ck e rs , s h ip p in g ______ _______________ E levator op e ra to rs, passenger Los A n geles: Jan itors, p o r te r s , and cle a n e rs Packers, skipping .... ______ __ Elevator op e r a to r s , passenger ______ Portland: Jan itors, p o r te r s , and cle a n e rs ______ P a ck e rs , shipping _____ ________________ Elevator op e ra to rs , passenger ________ San F ran cisco-O aklan d : Jan itors, p o r te r s , and cle a n e rs Packers, skipping _ . _____ ___ 112.0 - 126.7 - 126.0 - 130.0 - 112.0 - 107.4 100.0 115.8 121.9 117.4 121.9 112. 1 122.5 107.4 122.5 106.1 118.4 Elevator o p era to rs , passenger ________ Seattle: Jan itors, p o r te r s , and c le a n e rs _______ P a ck e rs , shipping _____________________ Elevator op e ra to rs , passenger ________ - - • 101. 1 - 121.8 106. 1 ■ 9 8 .4 - 122.3 ' NOTE: Dashes indicate data that do not m eet publication c r ite r ia . _ _ _ 9 6 .8 _ - _ _ - 45 Table 7. Establishment differences in earnings of men and women office w orkers Table 8. Establishment differences in earn ings of men and wom en plant w orkers (D istribution o f establishm ents studied by relationship between establishm ent average w eekly earnings for m en and w om en in s e le cte d o ffice occupations, 20 labor m arkets com bined, w inter 1958-59) (D istribution of establishm ents studied by relationship between establishm ent average hourly earnings for m en and w om en in s elected plant occupations, 20 labor m arkets com bined, w inter 1958-59) R elationship o f w om en 's earnings to m en's Total number of es ta b lis h m e n ts___ E stablishm ents with w om en 's average higher than m e n 's 1______ $20 or m ore __ _____ __ ____ $18 but le s s than $ 2 0 __________ $16 but le s s than $18 $14 but le s s than $ 1 6 __________ $12 but le s s than $14 $10 but le s s than $12 ____ $8 but le s s than $10 $6 but le s s than $8 ____________ $4 but le s s than $6 _ __ $2 but le s s than $4 __ _ _____ $1 but le s s than $2 __________ E stablishm ents in w hich d iffe r ence was le s s than $1 _ __ _ _ Establishm ents with m e n 's average higher than w om en *s1_______________________ _ $1 but le s s than $2 ____ $2 but le s s than $4 $4 but le s s than $6 ___________ $6 but le s s than $8 __ _ $8 but le s s than $10 _________ $10 but le s s than $ 1 2 _________ $12 but le s s than $14 _ _ $14 but le s s than $ 1 6 _________ $16 but le s s than $18 $18 but le s s than $ 2 0 _________ $20 or m ore _ ____ __ Accounting Accounting c le r k s , c le r k s , c la s s A cla s s B 748 603 O rder c le rk s 207 Relationship of w om en 's earnings to m en's 472 Total number o f establishm ents __ 2 4 3 9 4 10 8 112 3 1 2 2 6 6 5 17 25 26 19 176 5 2 5 3 5 17 13 24 30 48 24 18 30 108 43 Establishm ents in which d iffe r ence was le s s than 3 c e n t s ______ 43 2 1 91 81 - 146 4 10 15 7 8 11 13 11 8 9 50 1 Lim ited to establishm ents in which the d ifferen ce is $ 1 o r m o r e . 376 " M m " -----latingm achine op erators 1 4 5 6 5 10 9 15 19 10 182 6 2 4 4 6 10 8 16 35 60 31 340 24 61 57 37 44 32 23 15 13 8 26 317 O ffice boys or g irls Establishm ents with w om en 's average higher than m e n 's 1______ 25 cents or m ore ______________ 23 but le s s than 25 cents __ __ 21 but le s s than 23 c e n t s _______ 19 but le s s than 21 cents __ ____ 17 but le s s than 19 c e n t s _______ 15 but le s s than 17 cents _______ 13 but le s s than 15 c e n t s _______ 11 but le s s than 13 cents _______ 9 but le s s than 11 c e n t s ________ 7 but le s s than 9 c e n t s _________ 5 but le s s than 7 cents ________ 3 but le s s than 5 cents 170 6 2 2 6 9 14 12 23 35 40 22 487 56 58 51 63 52 44 35 26 24 22 76 Payr oil c le rk s 91 1 196 l4 19 18 14 21 13 14 19 10 7 47 156 27 46 24 14 13 14 7 6 - 4 1 253 20 41 33 26 26 21 20 11 12 13 30 Jan itors, p orters, and clea n ers P a ck e rs , shipping Elevator op era tors, passenger 1,232 185 110 58 1 5 2 2 6 2 2 4 13 18 16 2 1 2 2 3 3 3 14 - 284 39 61 130 9 10 8 14 14 6 6 2 6 6 6 43 35 3 7 6 6 3 Establishm ents with m en 's average higher than 890 w o m e n 's 1____ __ __ __ _ _ 3 but le s s than 5 c e n t s __ ___ __ --------------- 52------64 5 but le s s than 7 cents _________ 63 7 but le s s than 9 c e n t s _________ 63 9 but le s s than 11 c e n t s ____ ____ 63 11 but le s s than 13 cents __ ___ 56 13 but le s s than 15 c e n t s ________ 45 15 but le s s than 17 c e n t s ________ 52 17 but le s s than 19 cents __ __ 47 19 but le s s than 21 c e n t s ________ 38 21 but le s s than 23 cents ________ 28 23 but le s s than 25 c e n t s ________ 25 cents or m ore ____ __ __ 319 Lim ited to establishm ents in which the d ifferen ce is 3 cents o r m o re. - 3 - 1 1 2 7 - 2 5 - 1 2 3 46 Establishment Practices and Supplementary Wage Provisions Introduction Data pertaining to the nature and prevalence of selected e s tablishment practices and supplementary wage provisions for office and plant workers in 11 areas*7 appear in the B tables. The scope of the data is described in footnotes to the tables and under Scope and Method of Survey beginning on page 82. Where the estimates relate to the availability of certain bene fits to the overall groups of office or plant workers, data are limited to plans under which the employer contributes at least part of the cost. The provisions have been treated statistically on the basis that they are applicable to all plant or office workers if a majority of such workers are eligible or may eventually qualify for the benefits. For each benefit, aside from the factor of cost allocation, there is a wide (but unmeasured) range in the dollars-and-cents value to the worker of the benefits specified. Varying length-of-service (seniority) re quirements are an obvious factor in evaluating the extent to which in dividual workers participate or benefit by a particular supplementary benefit. Thus, length of service is a limiting factor, both as to the number of workers who receive the benefit in any given period and the amount of the benefit. Relatively long seniority requirements, as in the case of retirement programs, limit the number of workers who ultimately qualify, or, as in the case of paid vacations, limit the num ber who receive payment for 3 or 4 weeks at any given time. Minimum Entrance Rates for Women Office Workers More than half of the firms sampled in the 11 areas had a formally established minimum salary for hiring inexperienced women typists or other inexperienced women office clerical workers. The proportion of firms with formal salary rates for these hiring situa tions ranged from 41 percent of the firms sampled in Dallas, to 65 percent of those in Detroit. The salaries were formally prede termined in proportionately more of the nonmanufacturing than of the manufacturing firm s. Distributions of establishments in each area, by the formally established salaries at which they hire inexperienced typists and other inexperienced office clerical workers are presented in tables B -l and B -2 . The median establishment rates for hiring inexperienced typists ranged from $45 in Boston and $46. 50 in Baltimore to $57. 50 in San Francisco-Oakland and $59 in Los Angeles-Long Beach (table 9). In a majority of the 11 areas, the median weekly entrance rate for typists was $1 or $ 1.50 above the median of the lowest hiring salary for inexperienced workers in any of the other office jobs. (Rates applicable to messengers, office girls, or similar subclerical jobs were not considered.) In seven areas permitting comparison with the Bureau's sur veys conducted 3 years ago, the median minimum entrance salary in 1959 for typists was from $6 to $7 a week higher than recorded in the earlier surveys. Trend of Scheduled Workweeks 18 In the winter of 1958-59, slightly more than half of the office workers in all industries in the combined 18 areas selected for trend purposes had a 40-hour weekly work schedule. Almost all other office workers were on schedules of fewer than 40 hours. In manufacturing industries in these areas, 40-hour schedules applied to more than twothirds of the office workers (table 10). The number of office workers in manufacturing and in all industries who worked fewer than 40 hours a week increased 4 and 3 percent, respectively, between the winters of 1952-53 and 1958-59. About 7 percent of the plant workers in the 18 areas had work schedules of more than 40 hours a week in 1958-59 compared with 20 percent in 1952-53. During this 6-year period, the proportion of plant workers with 40-hour schedules increased from 74 to 83 per cent; those with less than 40-hour schedules increased from 6 percent in 1952-53 to 10 percent in 1958-59Trend of Late-Shift Pay Differentials (Manufacturing) Except for a tendency toward combination-type differentials the proportions of workers in establishments having formed, provi sions for shift operation, and the proportions covered by the sepa rate types of differentials for late-shift work (cents, percentage, or other) changed only slightly from 6 years earlier (table 11). 18 In order to present the best possible measure of changes in supplementary wage provisions, this and later analyses in this bulletin are based on data for a constant list of 18 areas. The larger labor markets have generally been surveyed each year whereas others have 17 In 9 of the 20 areas— Atlanta, Denver, Memphis, Milwaukee, been covered biennially or less often. Since some of the 18 areas Minneapolis-St. Paul, Newark-Jersey City, New Orleans, Portland, were not surveyed in the years of reference (winters of 1952-53, and St. Louis—-data collection was limited to occupational earnings. 1955-56, 1957-58, and 1958-59) it was necessary to include data from For these areas, the latest information on supplementary wage pro the previous or following year. Areas for which current iijformation visions is contained in Wages and Related Benefits, 19 Labor M ar was available, accounted for 80 percent or more of the employment kets, 1957-58 (BLS Bull. 1224-20). covered in 1953, 1956, and 1958; and more than 70 percent in 1959- Table 9. 47 M e d ia n entrance rates (M ed ia n m in im u m en tra n ce s a l a r i e s 1 fo r in e x p e rie n c e d w om en ty p ists and oth e r in e x p e rie n c e d w om en c l e r i c a l w o r k e r s , 2 re p o rte d in a ll in d u s t r ie s , m an u factu rin g and nonm anu facturing e s t a b lis h m e n t s , 11 m a jo r la b o r m a r k e t s , w inter 1 9 5 8 -5 9 ) In ex p erien c ed ty p ists A rea O th er in e x p e rie n c e d c l e r i c a l w o r k e r s A ll in d u s trie s M an u factu rin g N onm an u factu rin g A ll in d u s trie s M an u fa ctu rin g N onm an u fa ctu rin g $ 4 5 .0 0 5 1 .0 0 5 3 .0 0 4 7 .5 0 $ 4 6 .5 0 5 5 .0 0 5 4 .0 0 5 0 .0 0 $ 4 5 .0 0 4 7 .0 0 5 3 .0 0 4 5 .0 0 $ 4 5 .0 0 5 0 .0 0 5 0 .0 0 4 6 .0 0 $ 4 5 .0 0 5 2 .0 0 5 1 .0 0 5 0 .0 0 $ 4 5 .0 0 4 7 .0 0 5 0 .0 0 4 5 .0 0 South: B a lt im o r e ----- _ D a l l a s ---------------------------------------------------- 4 6 .5 0 4 7 .0 0 5 2 .0 0 5 0 .0 0 4 5 .0 0 4 6 .0 0 4 5 .5 0 4 5 .0 0 5 0 .0 0 5 0 .0 0 4 2 .5 0 4 3 .5 0 N orth C e n tra l: C h ica g o _ _ D e t r o i t --------------------------------------------------- 5 5 .5 0 5 4 .5 0 5 8 .0 0 6 0 .0 0 5 5 .0 0 5 1 .5 0 5 4 .0 0 5 3 .0 0 5 5 .0 0 5 9 . b0 5 2 .5 0 5 0 .0 0 W est: Lios A n g e le s -L o n g B e a c h ---------------San F r a n c is c o -O a k la n d S e a ttle 5 9 .0 0 5 7 .5 0 5 2 .0 0 6 1 .5 0 6 1 .0 0 5 2 .0 0 5 7 .5 0 5 4 .0 0 5 0 .0 0 5 7 .5 0 5 7 .5 0 5 2 .0 0 6 0 .0 0 6 1 .0 0 5 2 .0 0 5 6 .0 0 5 3 .5 0 5 0 .0 0 N o r th e a s t: B o sto n B u f f a l o _____ _______ _____ ___ __________ N ew Y o r k C ity P h ila d elp h ia 1 R ounded to n e a r e s t 50 c e n t s . 2 S a la r ie s ap p lic a b le to m e s s e n g e r s , o ffic e g i r l s , o r s i m il a r s u b c le r ic a l jo b s a re not c o n s id e r e d . Table 10. Trend of scheduled weekly hours (P e r c e n t o f o ffic e and plant w o r k e r s w ith s e le c t e d sch ed u led h o u rs o f w ork p e r w eek , a ll in d u s trie s and m a n u fa ctu rin g , 18 a r e a s co m b in e d , w in te rs of 1 9 5 2 -5 3 , 1 9 5 5 -5 6 , 1 9 5 7 -5 8 , and 1 9 5 8 -5 9 ) P la n t w o r k e r s O ffic e w o rk e rs S u rv e y p e rio d L e s s than 4 0 ho u rs 40 h o u rs O ver 40 h o u rs L e s s than 40 h o u rs 40 h o u rs O ver 40 h o u rs 74 80 82 83 20 13 8 7 78 82 84 85 16 9 4 4 A l l in d u s trie s W in te r W in te r W in te r W in te r 1 9 5 2 -5 3 _____ 1 9 5 5 -5 6 ...................... 1 9 5 7 -5 8 __________________________ 1 9 5 8 -5 9 ------- l44 l 53 146 48 47 1 53 52 53 13 '1 1 1 6 8 10 10 M anu fac turing W in te r W in te r W in te r W in te r 1 9 5 2 -5 3 1 9 5 5 -5 6 1 9 5 7 -5 8 1 9 5 8 -5 9 ----------------------------------------............................. ---------------------------------------- 1 27 1 32 32 31 D ata r e f e r to w om en w o r k e r s o n ly . L e s s than 0 . 5 p e r c e n t. 1 70 1 67 68 69 13 11 (? ) (* ) 6 8 12 11 48 Table 11. Trend of shift differentials (manufacturing) (P ercen t of plant w ork ers in establishm ents having fo rm a l pro visio n s fo r late-shift operation, 18 areas com bined, w inters of 1952-53 and 1958-59) Second shift P rovision s fo r shift operation and shift pay differential 1953 100 A ll plant w o r k e r s ------------------------------------------- — In firm s with p rovision s fo r: Shift o p e r a t i o n ------------------------------------------- -— Shift d iffe r e n t ia l-------------------------------------------U niform cents per h o u r ---------------------------Under 7 c e n t s ----------------------- ---------------7 and under 10 c e n t s --------------------------10 cents -----------------------------------------------Over 10 and under 13 cents ---------------13 and under 15 c e n t s ------------------------15 c e n t s ---------------------- --------- -------------— O ver 15 c e n t s ------- -— —-----------------------U niform p e r c e n t a g e --------------------------------Under 10 percen t — ---------------------------10 p e r c e n t ------------------ ------------------------Over 10 p e r c e n t -------- --------------------------O ther-type differential (ch iefly co m b in a tio n -ty p e )---- ——-------------- ---------- Third shift 1953 1959 1959 100 100 100 87 84 46 22 13 8 1 1 1 C) 88 86 50 10 12 15 6 2 2 2 76 75 36 6 11 11 4 1 2 1 80 80 38 2 5 12 7 1 6 5 34 17 16 1 31 16 15 1 30 14 13 3 28 6 18 3 3 5 9 15 1 L e ss than 0. 5 percent. Table 12. Trend of paid holidays (P e rce n t o f o ffice and plant w o rk e rs by number o f holidays provided annually, all industries and m anufacturing, 18 a reas com bined, Winters o f 1952-53, 1955-56, 1957-58, and 1958-59) O ffice w o rk e rs Item W orkers in establishm ents providing paid holidays _ _ __ Paid holiday t im e :1 Under 6 days _ . 6 days 6 V? days ___ 7 days _ ___ _ _ . 7 d a y s _______________ *_____________________ 8 days ________________________________________ 8 V* days _ . . __ __ __ 9 d a y s ___ ___________________________________ 9 days _____________________________________ 10 days ^__ ____________________________ ^_____ lO 1^ days _ ...... ... .. __ 11 days ____ I I V 2 days ___________________________________ 12 or m ore days ____________________________ llz 1!z Cumulative sum m ary: 6 or m ore days 7 c r m ore days _ _______ 8 o r m ore days _____________________________ 9 o r m ore days ......... _ ___ 10 or m ore days _ 11 o r m ore days ...... 12 o r m ore days A ll industries Plant w ork ers M anufacturing A ll industries Manufacturing 1953 1956 1958 1959 1953 1956 1958 1959 1953 1956 1958 1959 1953 1956 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 92 96 97 96 94 98 99 98 2 37 2 25 1 24 2 10 1 6 1 4 1 14 2 6 2 19 2 26 2 13 2 6 1 4 1 12 2 7 2 15 2 28 3 14 2 7 1 4 1 12 2 7 1 64 6 55 ( 2) 16 1 8 2 ( 2) 1 5 22 1 40 1 14 1 3 ( 2) 4 36 2 40 1 10 3 16 1 53 2 13 2 4 ( 2) 2 ( 2) 4 1 4 1 4 5 26 1 40 1 12 1 3 ( 2) 2 4 64 1 14 1 8 5 6 36 1 34 1 10 (* ) 2 ( 2) 2 ( 2) 1 2i 2 44 2 13 1 4 1 4 1 4 1 14 2 49 3 14 2 2 ( 2) 3 1 34 2 37 1 10 1 4 1 4 ( 2) 3 ( 2) 3 ( 2) 3 ( 2) 3 - ( 2) ( 2) ( 2) - ( 2) 1 1 1 (*) ( 2) ( 2) 98 71 45 98 77 49 34 27 21 7 98 81 50 35 27 21 7 99 63 25 14 10 5 1 99 75 30 15 10 5 1 99 84 32 16 11 6 1 ( 2) 15 1 9 1 4 1 5 1 18 1 7 98 60 45 35 31 25 7 33 26 21 6 ( 2) 15 1 10 ( 2) 2 ( 2) 99 35 19 8 5 3 ( 2) ( 2) ( 2) 86 31 14 6 4 3 ( 2) 1 1958" 1959 - ( 2) 3 2 ( 2) 1 2 ( 2) 2 4 21 1 51 1 11 1 3 ( 2) 2 1 ( 2) ( 2) ( 2) 2 1 - ( 2) ( 2) (?) ( 2) ( 2) 95 57 16 6 95 72 20 8 1 1 ( 2) 1 1 91 53 18 9 6 23 10 7 91 68 26 11 7 4 4 4 4 4 2 1 95 79 25 10 5 2 2 3 ( 2) 1 1 ( 2) ( 2) ( 2) 1 91 64 91 26 12 3 1 A ll com binations o f full and half days that add to the same amount are com bined; fo r exam ple, the proportion o f w o rk e rs receivin g a total of 7 days includes those with 7 full days and no half days, 6 full days and 2 half days, 5 full days and 4 half days, and so on. 2 L ess than 0. 5 percen t. 49 The level of the cents differential provided was generally higher, in the latter period, for workers on both shifts. For example, the proportion of workers in firms with a second-shift differential of less than 7 cents decreased from 22 to 10 percent, and with differen tials of 7 and under 10 cents, from 13 to 12 percent; whereas the proportions of workers with differentials of 10 cents or more but mainly under 13 cents, increased from 11 to 27 percent of the plant workers in the combined 18 areas. A similar, but less extensive shift to 10 cents or higher differentials, chiefly to 15 cents or higher, was noted in the provisions for third-shift operation. The proportions of third-shift workers who were provided a differential of less than 10 percent of the day rate decreased from 14 to 6 percent; an increase from 13 to 18 percent was recorded in the proportions who were provided a differential of 10 percent. Trend of Paid Holidays Virtually all office workers in the 18 areas to which trend data relate received the equivalent of 6 or more paid holidays in the winter of 1952-53; among plant workers, on the other hand, 6 per cent received fewer than 6, and another 8 percent received no paid holidays. The 1958-59 survey indicated little change in the above proportions other than a decline to 4 percent in the proportion of plant workers who received no paid holidays. During the 6-year period, the proportion of office workers receiving 8 or more holidays increased from 45 to 50 percent and that of plant workers from 14 to 2 6 percent (table 12). In 1953, 6 paid holidays was the most common number re ceived by both office and plant workers. For office workers the next most common number was 11 paid holidays, and for plant workers, 7. In 1956, 6 and 7 days ranked about equally; and in the latest surveys, those receiving 6 paid holidays were outnumbered about 2 to 1 by those receiving 7 or the equivalent of 7 in full and half days. Trend of Vacation Pay For the great majority of workers in 1959 as in 1953, vaca tion pay was expressed in terms of regular or average earnings, graduated on a sliding scale from as little as 1 day's pay after a short period of employment to as much as 4 weeks' pay after long service. Some plans of this type also provided 1 day's pay for each year of service, thus providing progression for intermediate years. Another type of graduated plan expressed vacation pay as a percent age of the worker's annual earnings. This latter type applied to about 8 percent of the plant workers, chiefly in manufacturing industries, but to relatively few office workers. Other types of payment, includ ing flat-sum payments were unusual. Office workers continued to have the more liberal vacation pay scales compared with plant workers in regard to amount of pay and length of service required. Both the maximum amount of vacation pay available and the amount of vacation pay for comparable service were considerably higher in 1959 than in 1953 for many of the office and plant workers in the combined 18 areas. The limit on maximum pay was raised for about three out of every eight of the office and plant workers, chiefly to 3 weeks' pay and to a lesser extent, 4 weeks. For about one out of every five workers, 3 weeks' pay may now be had after 10 years' service, compared with longer service required in 1953. More Pay for Comparable Service. — A larger amount of va cation pay was available in 1959 than in 1953, for many workers in the 18 areas. In both 1953 and 1959, at least a week's vacation pay was available to the bulk of the office workers after 6 months and to four-fifths of the plant workers after a year's service with the em ployer (table 13). Likewise, at least 2 weeks' vacation pay was availa ble to four out of five office workers after a year's service, although 5 years' service was required for the same proportion of plant work ers. Nevertheless, in 1959, at least 2 weeks' pay was available to half of the plant workers after 2 years of service, compared with twofifths of the plant workers in 1953. The chief improvements in pay-for-service scales in the 6-year period, however, were found in the area of 3- and 4-week paid vacations. Vacations with at least 3 weeks' pay were available in 1959 to about a tenth of the office and plant workers after as little as 5 years' service— about twice the 1953 proportion. Three weeks' pay or more after 10 years was available to 45 percent of the office workers, compared with 22 percent in 1953; the proportions for plant workers were 31 and 12 percent, respectively. Liberalization of service requirements for 4-week or longer paid vacations is reflected in the increased proportions of both plant and office workers to whom this amount is available for 20 years' service. Higher Maxi mums. — In 1953, vacation pay of 2 weeks was the maximum amount available under establishment vacation-pay sched ules covering 28 percent of the office workers in the 18 combined areas; a maximum of 3 weeks' pay applied to 52 percent, and 4 weeks or more to 19 percent (table 13). 9 By 1959, the proportion of office workers with a 2-week maximum had decreased to 11 percent, and the proportion with a maximum of 4 weeks' or more pay had more than doubled (41 percent). Correspondingly, the proportion of plant workers with vaca tion pay scales that provided a maximum of 2 weeks' paid vacation decreased from 37 percent in 1953 to 18 percent in 1959, those with a maximum of 3 weeks' pay increased from 51 to 58 percent, and those with 4 weeks increased from 7 to 23 percent. Two-thirds of the increase in the proportion of plant workers to whom maximum 3-week paid vacations were made available during the last 6 years 19 In this sense, "2 w eeks'" and "3 weeks' " pay include amounts up to, but less than, 3 and 4 weeks, respectively. 50 Table 13. Trend o f vacation p a y (Percent of office and plant workers, by amount of vacation pay for selected years of service, all industries and manufacturing, 18 areas combined, winters of 1952-53, 1955-56, 1957-58, and 1958-59) Plant w ork ers O ffice w ork ers A ll industries V acation p o licy 1953 Total with p rovision s fo r paid vacations 1956 A ll industries Manufacturing 1958 1959 1953 1956 M anufacturing 1958 1959 1953 1956 1958 1959 1953 1956 1958 1959 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 l 1) 19 80 l 1) l 1) 17 82 1 (* ) 17 82 1 (* ) 17 82 1 (l) 18 81 l 1) (* ) 15 84 2 l 1) 15 84 2 (M 15 84 1 1 77 20 1 (M 75 23 2 (M 75 22 2 l 1) 74 23 2 1 85 13 1 (M 81 16 2 (M 81 16 3 ( x) 80 17 3 l 1) 5 94 1 . 4 94 2 _ 4 94 2 _ 4 94 2 (M 8 91 1 _ 5 92 2 _ 5 92 3 . 5 92 2 1 58 40 - ( *) 53 44 - l 1) 51 46 2 (M 49 48 3 73 25 - (l) 68 29 - (l) 66 30 3 (M 63 33 3 3 95 2 2 95 3 2 95 3 2 95 3 5 92 2 3 92 4 3 92 5 3 92 5 42 55 1 33 64 2 30 66 3 29 67 3 56 41 2 47 50 3 43 52 4 42 54 4 1 87 5 7 l 1) ( J) 84 6 9 (M (M 82 7 11 (* ) (M 81 7 12 l 1) 1 91 3 5 ( 1) ll) 87 4 9 - l 1) 86 5 9 (* ) (* ) 85 5 9 l 1) 5 86 4 4 l 1) 3 86 4 6 l 1) 2 85 4 8 (‘ ) 3 84 4 9 l 1) 5 87 4 2 - 3 87 4 6 - 2 85 5 6 l 1) 3 85 5 7 l 1) 1 72 5 21 1 l 1) 60 6 32 1 (M 50 8 41 1 (* ) 47 8 43 1 1 79 3 16 1 I 1) 62 4 33 2 t 1) 52 7 40 2 (* ) 48 7 43 2 4 79 5 11 1 2 63 15 19 1 2 53 17 26 1 2 50 16 30 1 4 80 6 9 (* ) 2 59 21 17 l 1) 2 50 25 22 1 2 49 23 25 1 1 36 62 2 l 1) 19 78 2 l 1) 15 82 3 l 1) 13 83 3 1 37 60 2 (M 14 83 3 (* ) (* ) 85 4 85 4 4 42 52 1 2 25 70 2 2 20 75 2 2 19 76 2 4 38 58 l 1) 2 21 76 1 2 20 76 1 2 20 76 2 1 30 63 6 (* ) 16 75 9 (M 13 73 14 l 1) 12 73 15 1 33 64 2 ( J) 13 82 5 l 1) 11 78 11 (M 10 76 14 4 38 55 2 2 25 68 4 2 19 70 8 2 18 70 9 4 34 62 1 2 20 75 3 2 15 77 5 2 14 77 7 1 28 52 19 l 1) 14 58 27 (* ) 12 53 35 l 1) 11 51 38 1 32 60 6 i 1) 13 73 14 l 1) 11 65 24 t 1) 10 61 29 4 37 51 7 2 24 60 13 2 19 60 19 2 18 58 22 4 32 59 4 2 20 68 10 2 15 68 15 2 14 65 19 Amount of vacation pay A fter 1 year o f s e r v ic e L es s than 1 w eek 1 w eek * .... ---2 w eeks 3 ---3 w eeks A fter 2 yea rs o f s e r v ic e L ess than 1 w eek 1 w eek2 . _ _ _ _ _ _ 2 w eeks 3 ___________________________ 3 w eeks l A fter 3 y ears o f s e r v ic e 1 week* _ __ _______ ___ ___ 2 w e e k s 3 __ _ __ _ ____ 3 w e e k s 4 ----------------------------------------A fter 5 yea rs o f s e r v ic e 1 w eek* 2 w eeks ... _ _ O ver 2 and under 3 w eeks 3 w eeks 4 .... _ 4 w eeks _ __ __ . _ _ A fter 10 y e a r 8 o f s e r v ic e 1 w eek * _ _ _ _ 2 w eeks ________________________________ O ver 2 and under 3 w e e k s ____ _____ 3 w eeks 4 _ 4 w eeks A fter 15 yea rs o f s e r v ic e 1 w eek * 2 w eeks3 3 w eeks 4 4 w eeks __ _ _ ------------ . _ A fter 20 yea rs o f s e r v ic e 1 w eek * 2 w eeks 3 3 w eeks 4 _ 4 w eeks __ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ A fter 25 yea rs o f s e r v ic e 1 2 3 4 w eek * ____ __ __ __ w eeks 3 . ---. ------w eeks 4 _ w eeks and o v e r ________ ____ ____ See footnotes at end of table. NOTE: In the tabulations of vacation allowances by years of service, payments other than "length of time," such as percentage of annual earnings or flat-sum payments, were converted to an equivalent time basis; for example, a payment of 2 percent of annual earnings was considered as 1 week's pay. Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals. Table 13. 51 Trend of vacation p a y -C o n tin u e d (P ercen t o f o ffice and plant w o rk e rs , by amount o f vacation pay fo r s e le cte d ye a rs o f s e r v ic e , all industries and m anufacturing, 18 areas com bin ed, w in ters o f 1952-53, 1955-56, 1957-58. and 1958-59) O ffice Plant A ll indust rie s V acation po licy 1953 1956 A ll industries Manufa ctur ing 1958 1959 1953 1956 1958 1959 1953 1956 Manufacturing 1958 1959 1953 1956 1958 1959 Amount of vacation pay and service period 1 week or m ore ................ ... _ . 6 months ---------- ---------- -----------1 year ----------------------------------------- 99 63 99 99 69 99 99 70 99 99 70 99 99 58 99 99 65 99 99 67 99 99 68 99 99 18 98 99 20 99 99 20 99 99 20 99 99 13 98 99 13 99 99 13 99 99 14 99 2 w eeks or m o re 6 months 1 year _ 2 yea rs ... 3 y ea rs ........... 5 years .. .. . ____ _ __ _ _ _ _ . _ . . _ _ 99 6 81 94 97 99 99 8 83 96 98 99 99 8 83 96 98 99 99 9 83 96 98 99 99 3 81 92 94 99 99 4 85 94 97 99 99 3 85 95 97 99 99 3 85 95 97 99 95 1 21 41 57 94 97 1 24 46 66 97 97 1 24 49 69 97 97 1 25 51 71 97 96 1 14 26 43 94 97 1 18 32 53 97 98 (l) 18 34 56 97 98 (M 19 36 58 97 3 w eeks or m ore _ _ __ __ 3 y ears _ --------_ _ 5 yea rs . __ --10 yea rs .... 15 yea rs ..._ _____ _ 20 yea rs ........... 25 y ears 71 2 7 22 63 69 71 85 3 9 33 80 84 85 88 3 11 42 85 87 88 89 3 12 45 86 88 89 67 3 5 17 62 66 67 87 4 9 34 86 87 87 89 5 9 42 89 89 89 90 5 10 45 89 89 90 58 1 4 12 53 57 58 73 2 6 19 71 72 73 79 3 8 27 77 78 79 80 3 9 31 78 79 80 63 2 2 9 58 62 63 78 3 6 18 77 77 78 83 4 7 23 78 83 83 84 4 7 26 78 84 84 4 w eeks or m ore _ 10 yea rs _ __ ____ 15 yea rs _ _ __ 20 y ea rs ________________________ 25 y ea rs _ ____ ________ „ 19 1 2 6 19 27 1 2 9 27 38 1 3 14 35 41 1 3 15 38 6 1 2 2 6 14 2 3 5 14 25 2 4 11 24 29 2 4 14 29 7 1 1 2 7 13 1 2 4 13 20 1 2 8 19 23 1 2 9 22 4 10 (* ) 1 3 10 16 (M 1 5 15 19 1 2 7 19 1 * J 4 L ess than Includes Includes Includes (l) 1 4 0 .5 p ercent. proportion s (notexceeding 2 percent) at o v e r 1 and under 2 w eeks. proportion s (notexceeding 3 percent) at o v e r 2 and under 3 w eeks. proportion s (notexceeding 3 percent) at o v e r 3 and under 4 w eeks. Table 14. Trend of health, insurance, an d pension plans (P ercen t of o ffic e and plant w ork ers provided health, insurance, and pension plans, all industries and m anufacturing, 18 areas com bined, w inters of 1952-53, 1955-56, 1957-58, and 1958-59) Plant w ork ers O ffice w ork ers Type of plan 1953 L i f e -----------------------------------------------A cciden tal death and d is m em berm en t --— -------------- --------Sickness and a c c id e n t -------------------H o s p ita liz a tio n ------------------------------Surgical ------------— ---------------------- — M6(3iC2ll —-■■--------- ■n-rs------ 1i t-------------Catastrophe —— ------------- — — -------R etirem ent p e n s io n ---------------------L ess than 0. 5 percent, Manufacturing A ll industries 1956 1958 1959 1953 1956 1958 Manufacturing A ll industries 1959 1953 1956 1958 1959 1953 1956 1958 1959 87 93 94 95 91 95 96 96 85 91 92 92 89 94 95 95 35 43 66 58 38 0) 66 44 44 77 75 53 16 75 46 41 80 79 58 29 79 48 41 81 80 59 35 80 43 62 76 71 50 (*) 63 58 65 88 87 65 17 74 59 62 89 89 69 27 80 59 61 90 90 69 31 81 36 60 73 66 44 (l ) 52 51 67 84 82 58 6 63 54 68 86 84 60 10 68 54 66 66 85 61 13 69 41 69 81 75 52 (‘ ) 57 57 79 91 90 64 7 67 59 79 93 92 66 11 72 59 78 94 93 67 13 72 52 occurred in the period 1953-56. A lm o st all of the gain in office w o rk ers also occurred then. In contrast, 4-w eek (o r longer) paid vaca tions as m axim um s became available to proportionately m ore of the office and plant w orkers during 1956-59 than in the e a rlie r 3 -ye a r period. Tre n d of Health, Insurance, and Pension Plans In 1959, life insurance was available to m ore than 90 percent of both office w orkers and plant w orkers in the 18 areas combined. Hospitalization insurance, as w ell as surg ical insurance, was availa ble to m ore than 80 percent. R etirem ent pension plans covered 80 p e r cent of the office w orkers and about 70 percent of the plant w o rk e rs; and m edical insurance plans covered about 60 percent of each group. Accidental death and dism em berm ent benefits, sickness and accident insurance, and catastrophe insurance were available to sm alle r propor tions of w orkers. Although many w orkers have acquired coverage for these benefits during the past 6 ye a rs, the rate of growth of the prevalence of these benefits has slowed in the past 3 ye a rs, except for catastrophe insurance (table 14). D urin g the period 1953 to 1956, hospitalization, surgical, and m edical benefits were provided, on the average, to an additional 4 to 6 percent of both office and plant w orkers each year, but to only an added 1 to 2 percent a year between 195 6 and 1959. Accidental death and dism em berm ent insurance coverage was received in the firs t 3 -ye a r period by an added 3 percent of the office and 5 percent of the plant w orkers each ye a r, compared with 1 percent each year since 1956. The rate of added pension coverage provided to both office and plant w orkers decreased from 3 percent a year during the e a rlie r 3 -ye a r period to 2 percent a year after 1956. C a tastrophe insurance coverage of office w orkers increased at the rate of 5 percent a year in the e a rlie r 3 -ye a r period, and averaged 6 p e r cent a year in the past 3 years; in contrast, this benefit was received, on the average, by an added 2 percent of the plant w orkers annually, over the entire 6 -ye a r period. B : E s ta b lis h m e n t P r a c tic e s and S u p p le m e n t a r y W age 53 P r o v is io n s Table B-1: Minimum entrance rates1 for women office w orkers-all industries (D istribution o f establishm ents studied by m inim um hiring rate fo r se le cte d occupations, w inter 1958-59) E stablishm ents s tu d ie d ____________________ ____ B oston 2 252 Buffalo 204 North Central South N ortheast M inim vim rate (weekly straigh t-tim e salary) New York C ity2 558 P h ila delphia2 311 B a lti m ore 181 Dallas D etroit2 San F ra n c is c o Oakland2 438 266 317 253 138 C h icago2 181 W est Los A n g elesLong Beach* Seattle2 Inexperienced typists Establishm ents having a s p e cifie d m inim um 3__— _____________________________ . Under $ 3 7 .5 0 _______________________________ $ 3 7 .5 0 and under $ 4 0 .0 0 ................................ $ 4 0 .0 0 and under $ 4 2 .5 0 _____ ____ _______ $4 2 .5 0 and under $ 4 5 .0 0 _________________ $ 4 5 .0 0 and under $ 4 7 .5 0 ___ ____________ $47. 50 and under $ 5 0 .0 0 ________ ____ _ $ 5 0 .0 0 and under $ 5 2 .5 0 _________________ $5 2 .5 0 and under $ 5 5 .0 0 _________________ $ 5 5 .0 0 and under $ 5 7 .5 0 _ ___ ___ _ $5 7 .5 0 and under $ 6 0 .0 0 _____________ __ $ 60 .00 and under $ 6 2 .5 0 __ _________ __ $62. 50 and under $65. 00 __ ___ $ 65 .00 and under $ 6 7 .5 0 _________________ $67. 50 and under $ 7 0 .0 0 _________________ $7 0 .0 0 and under $ 7 2 .5 0 _________________ $7 2 .5 0 and under $ 7 5 .0 0 _________________ * 7 5 .0 0 and under $77. 50 _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ $77. 50 and under $ 8 0 .0 0 ___ $ 8 0 .0 0 and o v e r __ ____ _ _ ____ _ Establishm ents having no sp e cifie d m in im u m ___ ______ _____ __ __ ____________ Establishm ents which did not em ploy w ork ers in this ca te go ry ___ ________________ Inform ation not available _____________________ 131 1 6 14 16 43 14 18 4 4 3 1 2 1 4 _ _ _ _ _ 97 _ 3 11 5 12 6 18 4 8 8 9 5 2 2 1 1 _ _ 2 259 _ _ 5 4 23 17 70 33 57 16 21 3 3 2 _ 3 _ 1 1 69 35 121 52 - 71 1 178 - 88 1 _ 12 14 19 5 12 7 4 1 _ 4 3 2 1 2 1 _ _ 69 1 1 15 10 8 9 8 3 3 3 2 3 1 2 230 2 _ 6 _ 6 13 40 27 38 21 24 12 15 10 2 2 2 6 4 155 2 2 6 4 16 10 26 11 16 12 18 5 7 6 2 3 2 4 3 162 _ _ 2 1 4 6 16 15 15 31 16 7 1 7 11 8 6 3 13 120 _ _ _ 1 1 4 25 15 6 21 12 3 9 3 4 4 2 6 4 64 _ 2 2 5 9 5 16 4 5 3 2 2 6 1 1 1 _ _ _ 72 19 35 106 45 60 71 24 75 1 74 - 77 102 - 66 - 95 - 62 - 49 1 174 3 3 11 10 22 10 26 13 16 15 15 6 4 3 2 5 4 2 4 166 _ _ 2 7 4 12 16 17 20 21 14 7 2 10 9 6 5 7 .7 133 _ _ _ 2 7 8 25 15 7 18 14 6 6 5 5 5 2 5 3 63 _ 2 3 4 11 4 16 9 2 2 1 1 6 _ _ 1 _ 1 _ 163 1 2 22 20 34 13 28 10 6 8 8 4 3 2 1 1 _ _ _ - Other inexperienced clerical workers4 Establishm ents having a s p e cifie d m inim um _ ___ ___ __ Under $37. 50 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _______ $37 . 50 and under $ 4 0 .0 0 _ _ _ _ _ __ _ $4 0 .0 0 and under $42. 50 _______ _____ $ 4 2 .5 0 and under $ 4 5 .0 0 __ $45 .0 0 and under $ 4 7 .5 0 ................................ $4 7 .5 0 and under $ 5 0 .0 0 ___ __ _ _ $ 5 0 .0 0 and under $ 52. 50 ................................ $52 .5 0 and under $ 5 5 .0 0 _________________ $ 5 5 .0 0 and under $57 . 50 _________________ $ 57. 50 and under $ 6 0 .0 0 __ $60 .0 0 and under $ 6 2 .5 0 _ _ _ $6 2 .5 0 and under $ 6 5 .0 0 __ _____________ $6 5 .0 0 and under $ 6 7 .5 0 __ ___ ________ $6 7 .5 0 and under $ 7 0 .0 0 _________________ $ 7 0 .0 0 and under $ 7 2 .5 0 _____ ________ _ $ 7 2 .5 0 and under $ 7 5 .0 0 $75. 00 and under $77. 50 _______ $ 77 .50 and under $ 8 0 .0 0 _________________ $ 8 0 .0 0 and o v e r __ ___ ______ __ _ E stablishm ents having no sp e cifie d m in im u m _. __ _________ ______ ____ E stablishm ents which did not em ploy w ork ers in this c a te g o ry __ __ ___ _____ Inform ation not available __ __ _ 1 2 3 4 136 2 8 18 19 42 15 13 5 4 3 _ 2 _ 3 2 _ _ _ _ 106 _ 6 16 5 13 9 19 5 4 6 11 4 2 2 1 1 _ 2 _ 288 _ 1 14 13 50 21 81 29 37 10 18 2 6 2 _ 3 _ 1 _ 75 40 41 57 1 “ 169 2 5 40 17 28 14 26 10 3 6 8 4 3 2 _ 1 _ _ _ 96 4 1 29 9 13 8 11 3 4 2 2 3 3 2 _ 1 1 _ _ 75 3 2 21 12 9 5 7 3 1 3 3 3 3 _ _ _ _ _ _ 251 2 _ 7 4 18 15 56 35 30 14 26 6 13 8 2 2 3 7 3 130 92 26 37 114 46 63 70 25 140 “ 49 1 59 - 69 - 73 - 46 - 88 “ 50 “ 49 1 L ow est fo rm a lly establish ed sa la ry rate. E xceptions to the standard industry lim itations are shown in footn otes 4 a n d /o r 5 to the table in appendix A. Regular straigh t-tim e salary corresp on d in g to e m p lo y e e 's standard w orkw eek. Data are presented fo r all w orkweeks com bin ed. Rates applicable to m e s s e n g e r s , o ffic e g ir ls , o r s im ila r s u b c le r ic a l jo b s are not co n sid e re d . 54 Table B-2: Minimum entrance rates1 for women office workers-manufacturing (D istribution o f establishm ents studied by m inim um hiring rate fo r se le cte d occupations, w inter 1958-59) South N ortheast M inim um rate (weekly straigh t-tim e salary) E stablishm ents studied ______________ ,_________ Boston Buffalo 86 112 New Y ork City P h ila delphia 180 134 B a lti m ore North Central D allas 71 Chicago 57 W est D etroit L os A n g e le s Long Beach San F ra n c is c o Oakland Seattle 173 100 113 86 48 19 3 1 2 3 1 2 3 1 2 1 _ . - 103 . . _ 3 2 15 11 15 8 13 9 6 7 2 2 6 4 60 _ 1 1 2 9 3 5 6 10 2 5 6 2 2 1 3 2 66 . _ _ 1 1 3 3 7 14 9 4 1 6 7 4 4 2 43 . _ . . . 1 _ 3 1 12 6 1 6 2 . 2 2 3 4 18 _ _ _ _ _ 1 9 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 . . _ _ Inexperienced typists E stablishm ents having a s p e cifie d m inim um 2 _____________________________________ Under $ 3 7 .5 0 . ______________ ___________ $ 3 7 .5 0 and under $ 4 0 .0 0 _____ __ ____ $4 0 .0 0 and under $ 4 2 .5 0 _____ __ $ 4 2 .5 0 and under $ 4 5 .0 0 ___________________ $ 4 5 .0 0 and under $ 4 7 .5 0 _ _ _ _ $ 4 7 .5 0 and under $ 5 0 .0 0 __________________ $ 5 0 .0 0 and under $ 5 2 .5 0 _ _________ ___ $5 2 .5 0 and under $ 5 5 .0 0 __ „ ____ ____ $5 5 .0 0 and under $ 5 7 .5 0 _____ _____________ $ 5 7 .5 0 and under $ 6 0 .0 0 __ ____ ____ __ $6 0 .0 0 and under $ 6 2 .5 0 _ _ _ $ 62.50 and under $ 6 5 .0 0 __ ___ ______ $6 5 .0 0 and under $ 6 7 .5 0 ___________ _______ $ 6 7 .5 0 and under $ 7 0 .0 0 ________ ________ $7 0 .0 0 and under $ 7 2 .5 0 „ $7 2 .5 0 and under $ 7 5 .0 0 __________________ „ __ $ 7 5 .0 0 and under $77 . 50 _______ $ 7 7 .5 0 and under $ 8 0 .0 0 _ __ _ _ __ $ 8 0 .0 0 and o v e r ____________________________ E stablishm ents having no sp e cifie d m inim um ______________________________________ E stablishm ents which did not em ploy w ork ers in this c a t e g o r y ________ ___ ___ Inform ation not available —_______ _______ 37 _ . 3 2 5 2 8 3 2 1 _ 4 2 1 1 2 1 - 50 . 1 7 6 14 6 8 1 _ 1 1 2 _ 3 _ _ _ . _ 62 _ _ 4 2 7 6 8 4 6 6 9 4 1 2 _ 1 _ _ 2 83 _ _ 2 1 8 6 19 9 17 4 8 1 2 1 _ 3 _ 1 1 79 _ _ 9 5 12 8 15 5 4 5 7 3 2 2 1 1 . - 30 24 36 26 9 10 46 22 18 22 9 6 - 25 1 61 - 29 - 25 - 28 - 24 18 “ 29 - 21 - 21 - 64 _ . 2 3 2 8 6 5 9 8 65 _ 2 1 3 7 9 10 7 4 1 9 6 3 47 _ . _ 1 1 6 2 10 8 16 _ _ _ _ . 1 8 2 _ 1 . 1 3 3 Other inexperienced clerical workers 3 E stablishm ents having a s p e cifie d m in im u m 2__ ______________ ___ ______ Under $37 . 50 _______________________________ $ 3 7 .5 0 and under $ 4 0 .0 0 __________________ $ 4 0 .0 0 and under $4 2 .5 0 __________________ $ 4 2 .5 0 and under $ 4 5 .0 0 __________________ $ 4 5 .0 0 and under $ 4 7 .5 0 __________________ $ 4 7 .5 0 and under $ 5 0 .0 0 __________________ $ 5 0 .0 0 and under $ 5 2 .5 0 ____________ ____ $ 5 2 .5 0 and under $ 5 5 .0 0 __________________ $ 5 5 .0 0 and under $ 5 7 .5 0 __________________ $ 5 7 .5 0 and under $ 6 0 .0 0 ________ ____ __ $ 6 0 .0 0 and under $ 62. 50 __________________ $ 6 2 .5 0 and under $ 6 5 .0 0 __________________ $ 6 5 .0 0 and under $ 6 7 .5 0 ________ _ ____ $ 6 7 .5 0 and under $ 7 0 .0 0 __________________ $ 7 0 .0 0 and under $ 7 2 .5 0 __________________ $ 7 2 .5 0 and under $ 7 5 .0 0 __________________ $ 7 5 .0 0 and under $77 . 50 ___ ______________ $77 . 50 and under $ 8 0 .0 0 _____ __ $ 8 0 .0 0 and o v e r ____________________________ E stablishm ents having no sp e cifie d m inim um T, __„ _____ E stablishm ents which did not em ploy w ork ers in this c a t e g o r y ________________ __ ___ Inform ation not available ____________ ______ _ 2 1 . . _ . 91 _ _ 4 3 17 4 21 10 12 5 6 _ 3 30 26 38 33 14 8 ” 24 51 " 21 " 21 " 2 1 2 _ 3 . 1 . 80 . 1 12 7 11 6 17 6 2 4 6 3 36 _ _ 4 3 6 3 7 1 1 2 _ 3 3 1 . 1 1 . 61 _ _ 5 3 8 5 11 4 2 5 9 3 1 2 . 1 . _ 2 48 _ 1 8 6 14 7 6 . _ 1 _ 2 2 1 . . . 18 _ 3 2 2 3 2 1 1 2 1 1 . . . . 2 2 2 1 2 3 7 3 4 3 1 4 3 1 3 11 44 23 18 21 10 28 " 24 " 13 ■ 30 “ 18 “ 22 - 1 L ow est fo rm a lly established salary rate. 2 Regular straigh t-tim e sa la ry corresp on d in g to e m p lo y e e 's standard w orkw eek. Data are presented fo r all w orkweeks com bin ed. 3 Rates applicable to m e s s e n g e rs , o ffice g ir ls , o r s im ila r su b c le r ic a l jo b s are not co n sid e re d . 105 . 7 1 21 16 11 6 13 4 6 5 . 2 2 3 1 3 2 . . . . 1 _ 55 Table B-3: Scheduled weekly hours-a II industries (P ercen t o f o ffic e and plant w o rk e rs em ployed in all establishm ents by scheduled hours o f w ork per w eek, w inter 1958-59) Plant w ork ers 2 O ffice w ork er s 1 Under 40 hours A re a 35 N ortheast: B oston ^ Buffalo Naw Y ork C it y 4 __ P h iladelph ia4 36 y* 37 V 2 383/4 T o t a l3 Over 40 hours 40 hours Over 40 hours Under 40 hours Under 37 Va 37y2 T o ta l3 40 hours T o ta l3 42 45 44 Over 48 48 12 3 54 10 7 (* ) 11 5 26 29 16 27 6 3 1 11 65 37 89 61 35 62 11 39 (* ) ( ) («> ( 5) 3 1 13 2 7 8 6 10 13 10 20 13 79 85 75 84 8 5 5 3 ( 5) 1 2 1 2 1 l 5) _ 1 2 ( 5) 4 1 1 ( 5) ( 5) 1 . ( 5) 9 4 2 - 10 3 4 4 30 14 69 80 1 7 3 1 2 1 7 2 82 64 11 34 ( 5) 2 6 2 8 3 7 2 6 ----_ ____ 5 1 5 1 17 6 8 3 38 15 61 85 1 1 5 2 3 2 8 4 84 90 8 6 ( 9) 2 1 2 ( S) 3 2 1 ( 5) W est: Eos A n geles-L o n g B e a c h 4 San F ra n cis co-O a k la n d 4 _ S e a t t l e * --------------------------------------------------------- 1 2 - 1 1 - 7 16 9 4 12 4 15 36 12 85 64 88 (* ) ( 5) 1 6 3 1 7 " 3 13 3 94 87 97 4 (* ) <5) 1 ( 5) ( 5) _ “ 1 ( 5) 1 . " - ’ M _ I __ _________________ _ . South: D allas _ . . . N orth Central: C hicago 4 D e tr o it4 _ _____ ____ 1 ■ Data rela te to all o ffic e w o rk e rs and a re com parable only with studies made in the w inter o f 1957-58. Data for finance and insurance are excluded. Includes w eekly schedules other than those presented separately. E xceptions to the standard industry lim itations a re shown in footn otes 4 a n d /o r 7 to the table in appendix A. L ess than 0 .5 p ercent. Table B-4: Scheduled weekly hours-manufacturing (P e rce n t o f o ffic e and plant w o rk e rs em ployed in m anufacturing establishm ents by scheduled hours o f w ork per w eek, w inter 1958-59) Plant w ork ers O ffice w o rk e rs 1 Under 40 hours A rea 35 N ortheast: B oston Buffalo New Y ork C ity Philadelphia South: B a ltim ore D allas . . __ _ North Central: Chicago D etroit W est: Eos A n geles-L o n g B e a c h ___________________ San F ra n cisco-O a k la n d . Seattle 36y4 40 hours 37y2 383/4 16 11 13 23 6 5 1 17 36 18 92 50 63 82 8 50 T o t a l2 Over 40 hours 37Va Total 2 40 hours T o t a l2 44 42 45 Over 48 48 7 5 32 15 87 92 65 85 5 3 3 l 3) . - 1 2 ( 3) - _ 1 ( 3) 2 1 2 - . ( 3) (* ) 5 3 4 12 82 89 1 7 4 2 3 - 7 2 87 77 6 21 - ( 3) 4 2 5 3 4 1 1 38 3 62 97 ( 3) - 7 2 4 2 11 4 86 92 3 4 * 1 1 ( 3) 1 2 ( 3) - 1 30 1 98 70 99 ( 3) “ 2 10 4 1 3 ” 3 13 4 94 87 95 3 ( 3) 2 ( 3) " 1 “ “ “ 2 ( 3) 8 2 3 1 1 - 7 3 4 - 17 4 5 2 16 2 12 1 ( 3) 2 " 1 “ 1 6 1 - Data rela te to all o ffic e w o rk e rs and are com parable only with studies m ade in the w inter o f 1957-58 Includes w eekly schedules other than those presented separately. L ess than 0 .5 percen t. Under 37y2 2 2 28 3 12 1 69 5 16 ( 3) Over 40 hour 8 Under 40 hours 1 ( 3) _ - 56 Table B-5: Scheduled weekly hours-public utilities* (P ercen t o f o ffic e and plant w o rk e rs em ployed in public utilities establishm ents by scheduled hours o f w ork per w eek, w inter 1958-59) O ffice w o rk e rs 1 Plant w ork ers Under 40 hours A rea 35 N ortheast: B o s to n 3 ___ _ ___ ___ _______ _ __ _ Buffalo ___ __ _ __ ____ _ __ __ ___ __ _______ New Y ork C ity 3____ P h ila d e lp h ia _________________________________ 36V4 37 y2 383/4 T o t a l2 3 1 57 13 4 6 1 3 _ - 30 1 2 - 37 4 63 90 North Central: C h i c a g o __ __ __ _ _____ __ ____ _________ ___ ____ D e tr o it3 ___ _ _______ __ „ 3 - - - 5 39 1 1 9 66 W est: ' Los A n geles-L on g B e a ch 3___ __ __ __ San F ran cis c o-O a k la n d 3 ____ __ ___ __ S eattle3 ------------------------------------------------------------ 7 2 - “ 1 7 ~ 1 8 " 8 17 " South: B a ltim ore _ D allas ___ 1 2 3 4 * . _ - 58 60 8 43 ( 4) 40 hours 61 60 69 62 Over 40 hours Under 37 y2 37V2 O ver 40 hours Total 2 ( 4) 1 _ 3 - ( 4) 6 1 " _ 91 34 - - - - - ( 4) ( 4) 92 83 100 - “ 3 3 " 39 39 31 38 _ ( 4) Under 40 hours - . _ 3 1 1 - - 40 hours 97 98 94 99 97 64 Total 2 42 44 _ 3 2 3 - 48 Over 48 _ _ _ _ - 2 2 _ _ _ _ - - _ _ 2 4 3 2 36 - 100 98 - - - 1 - - 100 96 100 1 ” “ ** - - _ - - - “ Data rela te to all o ffic e w o rk e rs and are com parable only with studies made in the w inter o f 1957-58. Includes w eekly schedules other than those presented separately. 1 or m ore utilities are m unicipally operated, and, th erefore excluded fro m the sco p e o f the studies. See footnote 4 to the table in appendix A. L ess than 0 .5 percent. Tran sportation (excluding r a ilr o a d s ), com m u nication, and other public u tilities. Table B-6: Scheduled weekly hours-wholesale trade (P ercen t o f o ffice and plant w o rk e rs em ployed in w h olesale trade establishm ents by scheduled hours of w ork per w eek, w inter 1958-59) O ffice w o rk e rs 1 A rea N ortheast: B oston _ — _ . New Y ork C i t y ______________________________ __ _ „ __ _ _ _ Philadelphia _ _____ ---------------------------------------------------- North Central: C hicago __ _ __ _ D e t r o i t __________ ____ _ _ ____ ___ _ _ _ W est: L os A n geles-L on g B e a c h __________________ San F r a n c is c o -O a k la n d _____________________ 40 hours 36 y4 37 Va 3 83/4 _ 51 2 7 10 - 30 27 27 4 3 20 47 91 51 52 9 49 - 2 6 9 18 3 2 3 - 20 6 2 12 - 1 4 8 8 8 7 35 South: B altim ore Plant w ork ers Under 40 hours “ T o t a l2 Under 37 V2 1 - - - 5 7 82 - 2 28 20 69 80 2 - - 16 19 84 81 " “ Data rela te to all o ffic e w o rk e rs and are com parable only with studies made in the w inter of 1957-58. Includes w eekly schedules other than those presented separately. Over 40 hours Under 40 hours - - O ver 40 hours 40 T o t a l2 ; hours 37V2 3 13 Total 2 42 44 _ Over 48 48 5 19 9 71 81 87 25 2 85 13 1 “ 1 “ 84 95 15 5 - - - - 3 6 5 6 91 94 5 ” - 3 " - - 1 _ 5 3 - 7 _ - 2 _ - 3 3 4 - - " “ 57 Table B-7: Scheduled weekly hours-retail trade (Percent of office and plant w ork ers em ployed in reta il trade establishm ents by scheduled hours of work per w eek, winter 1 9 58 -59 ) O ffice w ork ers 1 A rea 35 36 V4 37Vz Northeast: _____ __ __ __________________________ Boston New York C ity 4 _ _ P hiladelphia4 ___________________________________ 11 15 10 5 16 13 35 15 South: B altim ore __________________ __________________ D allas ----------------------------------------------------------------- 4 - North C entral: Chicago D e tr o it5 _ _ _ W est: San F ran cisco-O akland Seattle ----- 1 2 3 4 5 Plant w orkers Under 40 hours _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _________ _ - 383/4 6 3 7 T o t a l2 Under 40 hours Over 40 hours 40 hours Under 3 7 l/a 37 Va Over 40 hours T o t a l2 40 hours Total 2 44 38 26 14 50 63 75 12 10 11 2 1 9 _ 4 - 7 ( 3) 2 - - - - 3 9 3 63 42 29 55 2 9 18 4 6 7 15 8 3 - 23 20 65 ( 3) 1 l 3) 4 8 1 5 4 92 78 3 18 1 4 - " (3) - 6 3 5 " 12 6 87 87 1 7 2 - - " 2 2 2 76 75 22 23 3 13 2 3 (3 ) _ 6 " 10 16 “ 84 100 _ 1 " 9 “ 10 - 88 100 2 “ _ - " ■ - _ __ " Table B-8: Scheduled weekly hours-finance f (P ercent of office w ork ers em ployed in finance establishm ents by scheduled hours o f w ork per w eek, winter 1 9 5 8 -5 9 ) O ffic e w o r k e r s 1 Under 40 hours A rea 35 361/4 37 Va 383/4 Total 2 40 hours Over 40 hour 8 N ortheast: Boston __ _ _ . New Y ork C i t y ______________________________ P h ila d e lp h ia ------------------------------------------------- 16 53 20 14 16 11 31 10 27 8 1 3 93 93 86 7 7 14 South: B a ltim ore D allas __ 27 8 5 - 14 - 5 10 53 29 47 71 ( 3) N orth Central: C h icago __________ ___ — . ___ ____ ,___ __ —_ D e tr o it ----------------------------------------------------------- 7 ( 3) 15 7 26 6 10 9 67 26 33 74 - W est: Eos A n geles-L on g Beach _________________ San F r a n c is c o -O a k la n d __________ __________ ( 3) ( 3) 3 ~ 18 29 11 13 38 53 62 47 “ __ . __ _ _ _ __ Over 48 48 19 15 10 77 79 35 Data relate to a ll office w ork ers and are com parable only with studies made in the winter of 1 9 5 7 -5 8 . Includes w eekly schedules other than those presented separately.. D ess than 0. 5 percent. E xcludes lim ite d -p r ic e variety sto r e s. E xcludes 2 large departm ent sto r e s. 42 1 Data relate to a ll office w ork ers and are com parable only with studies made in the winter of 1 9 5 7 -5 8 . 2 Includes w eekly schedules other than those presented sep arately. 3 L e ss than 0 .5 percent. t Finance, in suran ce, and r e a l estate. _ - 1 _ " _ _ " “ Table B-9: Scheduled w eekly hours-services (P ercen t o f o ffice and plant w ork ers em ployed in s e rv ice s establishm ents by scheduled hours o f w ork per w eek, winter 1958-59) O ffice w o rk e rs 1 Under 40 hours A rea 35 Over 40 hours 40 hours 36>/4 37‘/a 383/4 15 57 2 7 4 12 16 25 50 56 94 81 44 16 18 1 10 16 3 17 12 4 8 48 39 51 57 1 4 5 4 24 34 65 1 T otal 2 Northeast: B o s to n N ew Y o r k f.ity _ .. __ _ _ _ P h ila d e lp h ia _________________ ___________ __ 6 North C entral: Chi ra g n D e tr o it __ .. W est: Eos A n geles-L on g B e a c h 3 _________________ Plant w ork ers Under 40 hours Under 37Va N ortheast: B oston __ New Y ork C ity . . . P h ila d e lp h ia _______________________________ North C entral: C hicago _ D etroit _ W est: Eos A n geles-L on g B e a c h 3 1 2 3 4 _ 37Va Over 40 hours Total 2 40 hours Total 2 6 ( 4) 3 2 1 4 7 2 8 78 91 74 14 7 18 6 8 1 - 9 8 67 82 23 10 “ 2 2 91 7 42 44 45 Over 48 48 10 _ - 6 4 2 5 ( 4) 1 7 - 8 ( 4) . " 10 4 5 6 “ “ 1 6 - - 3 - _ Data relate to all o ffice w ork ers and a re com p arable only with studies m ade in the winter o f 1957-58. Includes w eekly schedules other than those presented separately. E xcludes m otion -p ictu re production and a llie d s e r v ic e s ; data for these industries a re included, h ow ever, in "a ll industries* L ess than 0 .5 percen t. 59 Table B-10: Shift differential provisions-manufactoring (Total plant w ork ers in establishm ents having fo rm a l provision s fo r late-shift operation s, winter 1958-59) P e rce n t o f m anufacturing plant w ork ers Boston Total plant workers in manufacturing establishments „ _ Buffalo North Central South Northeast Shift operation and shiftpay differential New York City Phila delphia Balti more Dallas Chicago West Detroit Los AngelesLong Beach Sah FranciscoOakland Seattle _ . 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Second shift . _____ __ _ With shift-pay differential __ __ Uniform cents (per h o u r ) ___ ___ Under 5 cents _ __ __ 5 and under 6 cents _ __ __ 6 and under 7 cents _____________ 7 and under 8 cents . ______ . 8 and under 9 cents _____________9 and under 10 cents___ _________ 10 and under 11 cents 11 and under 12 cents ______ _ 12 and under 13 cents __ ______ _ 13 and under 14 cents __________ — 14 and under 15 cents __ __ _ 15 and under 16 cents _ __ ___ _ 16 cents and over __ _____ Uniform percentage ____ ___ _ __ Under 5 percent ____ ___ ___ 5 percent______________________ Over 5 and under 10 percent _-___ 10 percent__ ___________________ 12, 12%, or 15 percent _____ _ Other1 ___ __ „ No shift-pay differential ___ __________ 81.4 80.5 36.2 _ 7.3 1.5 5.4 3.4 1.4 8.3 _ .7 1.2 _ 2.9 4. 1 41.3 2. 6 4. 6 33. 1 .9 3. 1 .9 90.0 90.0 57.3 1.1 4.8 3.4 2.2 19.5 4. 7 10.5 .3 4.5 .1 _ 4. 6 1. 6 25.0 .4 14. 7 1. 1 8.8 7.7 - 60.4 59.0 34. 6 .2 4.3 2. 1 3. 7 1.0 _ 10.0 _ .9 5.8 _ 5. 6 1.0 22.2 _ 2. 1 3. 6 11.0 5. 5 2.2 1.4 85.3 79.7 37.3 _ 8. 1 •9 7.8 8.4 .3 6. 5 1.8 .6 2.2 74.8 73.3 68.8 . 4. 7 1.0 10.9 4.0 . 16.1 94.5 94.5 71.0 .3 5.9 3.8 .7 2.8 .3 22. 7 _ 26.1 3.4 .2 1.7 3.0 13. 7 _ 4. 7 3.2 5. 8 _ 9.8 - 9 2.0 29.5 _ 1.8 _ .8 4. 5 1.2 2. 6 .7 _ 1.5 90.4 89.3 47.6 .5 4.2 .8 2.6 7.9 _ 24.0 _ 1.2 .7 .4 1. 7 3.5 35.9 6.8 .5 27.0 1. 5 5.8 1. 1 99.2 99.2 33. 5 _ 3.3 .9 4.9 10.4 .6 7.5 .7 2.4 _ .7 40.8 6.6 9.0 25.3 _ 1.6 5. 6 89. 8 87. 3 51. 7 4.8 4. 1 7.8 _ 26.8 _ 6.9 . _ 1.2 _ . _ 25.8 3.3 8.9 13. 6 9.8 2.5 96.7 96.7 81. 5 .7 4.3 2. 6 _ 4. 5 4. 6 _ 62.6 _ 2.2 _ _ 1.0 .2 _ .8 _ 14.2 - Third shift __ __ With shift-pay differential Uniform cents (per hour)____________ Under 5 cents __ _ ___ 5 and under 6 cents____________ 6 and unde r 7 cents _ __ ___ 7 and under 8 cents , ___ 8 and under 9 cents _ __ 9 and under 10 cents — _ 10 and under 11 cents __ _ __ __ _ 11 and under 12 cents __ __ 12 and under 12% cents________ 12% and under 13 cents 13 and under 14 cents ___ 14 and under 15 cents ___________ 15 and under 16 cents __ _ 16 and under 17 cents ___________ 17 and under 20 cents _____ _____ 20 cents and o v e r __ ___ ____ ____ Uniform percentage — __ ___ ___ _ Under 7 percent ___________ ___ _ 7 and under 8 percent .. _ . 8 and under 10 percent 10 percent _ __ ____ ___ 12, 12%, or 13 percent___ 15 percent ___ __________________ Other * ___ _ , _ _ ____ _____ No shift-pay differential_____ ________ 72.5 72.5 29.5 _ .7 _ 6.8 .9 .6 8.8 _ 3. 6 .5 _ _ 3.4 .8 1.2 2.2 41. 5 1.2 4. 6 87.5 87.4 52. 6 _ .4 _ 1.1 1. 9 7. 6 11.9 _ 20.2 2.3 _ .1 4.0 .5 1.6 1.0 23. 7 50. 6 49.6 23.2 _ _ 1.2 .7 _ .8 10.0 _ .6 1.8 _ 1.0 2. 7 .4 2.9 1. 1 17. 8 . 3. 6 82.1 79. 9 33. 3 _ 1.9 _ 3.5 1. 9 .3 12.8 .4 3.4 _ .7 _ 2.3 4.0 2. 1 _ 39.0 1.1 8. 7 79-0 78.8 37.2 .4 .8 .2 1.2 _ _ 12.4 .1 6.3 2.9 .7 1.3 9.2 . .7 1.0 32. 1 .8 .8 96.9 96.9 32.2 _ .5 _ 1. 6 3. 6 1.3 8.0 .4 7. 5 •9 _ 1.2 25.3 . 7. 7 67.3 65.8 33.9 _ _ _ 1.0 1. 6 _ 11.2 _ 4.4 _ _ _ 12.4 .6 .8 1.8 3.3 _ - - - - - - 8.3 _ 5.9 8. 6 1.0 26.0 .5 2. 7 7. 6 2.2 15.9 _ 1.7 9.8 1.7 3.3 _ _ 28. 6 1.5 25. 1 1. 6 3.8 9.5 .2 - 20. 7 .7 14.3 1.5 - 4. 6 .6 18.0 .5 _ 11. 1 .1 84. 5 82.8 47. 7 .4 2. 7 _ _ .3 8.2 4.9 .9 25. 1 2.4 _ _ .8 .8 2.7 _ 64.0 .2 60.5 .4 2.9 _ 1. 7 - 2.9 3.4 _ 2.2 62.2 - 21.2 - 41.0 _ 83.8 83.8 30. 5 _ .1 1. 8 1.2 _ 2.3 10. 1 _ 2.0 _ .3 _ 7.0 1. 6 1. 1 2. 9 7.0 1.4 _ - 5. 7 - - - 2.5 46.3 92.0 49-6 1.0 3.0 1.5 1.0 16.9 . 11.9 .8 .5 4.0 3.4 2. 6 2.9 5.9 .5 2.5 . 3.0 _ 36.5 90.4 90.4 38.2 _ 1.9 1.0 1.0 _ 1.5 1.6 .8 4. 0 .5 5.8 _ 7.4 7.0 _ 5. 5 4. 6 _ _ 2.5 _ 2.1 47.6 ' 1 Pay at regular rate fo r m ore hours than w orked, a paid lunch period not given f ir s t -s h ift w o rk e rs, a flat sum per shift, lishm ents which provided 1 such pro visio n in com bination with a cents o r percentage d ifferential fo r hours actually w orked. and other p ro v is io n s . 93.4 93.4 13. 5 _ .5 2.2 2.3 1.0 1. 1 3. 7 _ 1. 7 .6 _ _ .4 _ _ . 1.0 _ - .2 . .8 78. 9 ' M ost "o th e r " w ork ers, how ever, w ere in esta b 60 Table B-ll:Shift differential practices-manufactoring (Workers employed on late shifts at time of survey, winter 1958-59) Percent of manufacturing plant workers South Northeast Shift operation and shiftpay differential Boston Buffalo New York City Phila delphia Balti more North Central Dallas Chicago Detroit Los AngelesLong Beach West San Fran ciscoOakland Seattle Total plant workers in manufacturing establishments__ __ __ __ _ _ _____ 100.0 100.0 100.0 .100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Second shift ___________________________ With shift-pay differential Uniform cents (per hour) ____ Under 5 cents_ _________ ____ 5 and under 6 cents _ __ ______ 6 and under 7 cents _____________ 7 and under 8 cents _____________ 8 and voider 9 cents _____________ 9 and under 10 cents ____________ 10 and under 11 cents __ 11 and under 12 cents ___________ 12 and under 13 cents___________ 13 and under 14 cents ___________ 14 and under 15 cents___________ 15 and under 16 cents - 16 cents and over _ ____ ___ Uniform percentage________________ Under 5 percent „ _ __ __ _ 5 percent__ _____ Over 5 and under 10 percent______ 10 percent _______________ ____ _ 12, 12%, or 15 percent _____ ____ __ _ _ Other2 _ __ . _ No shift-pay differential _____ _ ___ 10.0 9.8 5.3 _ .7 .3 .1 .3 .1 1.8 _ _ .6 _ .5 .8 4. 5 .2 .5 3.7 .1 .1 .1 19.2 19.2 11.2 .3 .7 .4 .4 4. 5 .8 1.0 _ 1.3 (M 11.8 11.6 8.8 .1 1.0 .5 .6 .2 _ 1.7 _ .2 3.4 _ 1.2 (M 15. 1 13. 5 5.9 _ 1. 1 .1 1.1 1.5 (M .7 .8 .1 .5 _ .1 7. 1 1.0 1.8 4.2 .5 1. 6 17. 7 17.2 11.6 1. 1 .6 2.2 6. 7 . •9 _ _ .1 _ _ 3.2 .1 1.2 1.9 2.4 .5 10. 7 10.5 10.4 .8 .2 1.0 .3 . 1.5 . 6.2 .2 .2 .1 .1 (M - 17.0 16.6 9.2 .1 .7 .2 .7 2.2 . 3. 6 .3 .2 .1 .3 .9 5.9 1.5 .1 4. 1 .2 1.5 .4 22.7 22.7 6.6 _ .7 .2 1.0 2. 1 .1 1.4 .1 .4 _ _ .7 . 15.4 .1 14. 9 .1 .3 .7 - 20. 3 20.3 15. 5 .1 .7 1.0 .1 .5 .l 3.9 _ 6.8 .9 .1 .6 .7 2. 8 .8 1.4 .7 2.0 " 16.3 16.3 10. 1 .2 .7 .5 .3 3.2 _ 2. 1 .3 .1 1.4 .3 .8 .1 .3 .1 .2 5.9 - 26.6 26. 6 25.4 _ .5 .3 _ .7 _ .6 _ 22.6 _ .8 _ _ .1 .1 Third shift____________________________ With shift-pay differential Uniform cents (per hour) ____ Under 5 cents __________________ 5 and under 6 cents 6 and under 7 cents __ ___ ___ 7 and under 8 cents _____________ 8 and under 9 cents _____________ 9 and under 10 cents __ __ ___ _ 10 and under 11 cents ___________ 11 and under 12 cents ______ 12 and under I2 V2 cents ________ _ 12Vs and under 13 cents____ _____ 13 and under 14 cents ___________ 14 and under 15 cents ____ __ _ 15 and under 16 cents ___________ 16 and under 17 cents ___________ 17 and under 20 cents__ _________ 20 cents and over _______________ Uniform percentage Under 7 percent 7 and under 8 percent___________ 8 and under 10 percent___________ 10 percent ________ ____________ 12, 12y2, or 13 percent ________ _ 15 percent _ ___ __ ________ _ Other * __ __ _____________ ___ _ No shift-pay differential _ __ _ _ 2.3 2.3 1.3 _ _ _ .2 (M (M 6.9 6.9 4. 8 _ (M 5.9 5. 9 2. 6 _ (M 8.6 8. 5 6. 7 (M .3 3.2 3.0 5.6 5. 5 3.3 (*) _ _ .2 _ _ .5 _ 1.3 .4 _ .3 .4 .1 .1 1.4 _ .1 _ .9 .1 .4 .8 (M 6. 6 6. 6 2.9 _ .1 .4 (M .6 _ 1.0 .1 _ .2 .2 _ .2 3.5 1. 5 2.0 _ .1 3.8 3.8 1. 9 _ _ .3 .1 .4 .3 _ .2 _ (M 5.2 5.2 4. 6 _ .2 .2 .2 _ .5 (M 4. 6 4. 6 1.0 _ _ _ _ .1 .2 .4 _ .2 (M .4 _ .2 (M _ .2 .1 .2 (M 1.0 (M (M _ .5 (M .4 _ ' Less than 0.05 percent. See footnote 1, table B-10 1.7 .1 6. 7 .1 5.0 .2 1.4 1.3 - .1 .2 .6 .5 3. 0 _ _ (») .2 .1 .1 (M .9 _ .3 (M .6 _ _ 1.2 (M 2.5 .5 .8 1.0 .3 .3 .1 3.2 3.2 2.0 _ _ _ _ _ .1 .7 _ .1 .1 _ .1 .1 (M .6 _ .3 2.2 - P) .2 .1 _ (M (M 1.1 .5 .1 4.1 .1 1.1 _ .4 _ (M .1 .5 .1 _ _ _ .1 .1 _ .2 1.7 _ .1 _ .3 _ (M 1.9 1.4 (M _ .9 1.0 (M (M .1 .1 .1 .3 .2 _ .2 1. 8 _ _ _ .1 (M _ .4 _ .2 _ _ .5 _ .1 .5 _ . _ 1.2 .2 (:) .2 .1 .2 .3 . _ .3 _ 1. 6 .5 .1 1.0 _ .3 1.0 _ .7 .1 . _ .1 (M .5 - 1. 1 - _ (M _ _ (M . _ _ (‘) _ _ 3. 6 ' 61 Table B-12: Paid holidays-all industries (P ercen t o f o ffic e and plant w o rk e rs em ployed in all establishm ents that provide paid holidays by number o f paid holidays provided annually, w inter 1958-59) South Northeast Number of paid holidays Boston x Buffalo New York City1 Phila delphia 1 Balti more North Central Dallas Chicago 1 West Detroit 1 Los AngelesLong Beach 1 San FranciscoOakland 1 Seattle 1 Office workers Workers in establishments providing . paid holidays _ _______ ______ Under 5 holidays __ _ _ __ __ _ 5 holidays .... _ 5 holidays plus 1 half day __ 5 holidays plus 2 or more half days 6 holidays __ __ _ __ ____ ___ 6 holidays plus 1 half da y _____________ 6 holidays plus 2 or more half days______ 7 holidays __ __ __ ____ 7 holidays plus 1 half day __ _ __ __ __ 7 holidays plus 2 or more half days_ 8 holidays ______________ -____________ 8 holidays plus 1 half day ___ 8 holidays plus 2 or more half days _____ 9 holidays ____ _ __ _ _ __ ______ 9 holidays plus 1 half day _____________ 9 holidays plus 2 or more half days _____ 10 holidays __ __ _ _ _ ___ 10 holidays plus 1 half day __ ___ __ __ 10 holidays plus 2 or more half days____ 11 holidays _____ ____ ______________ 11 holidays plus 1 half day___ __ __ __ 11 holidays plus 2 or more half days____ Over 11 holidays ______ ________ _ Workers in establishments providing no paid holidays _ ____ __ ______ 100 1 1 (2) 2 (2) 4 2 5 1 7 2 (2) 16 6 (2) 44 8 1 1 “ 99 (2) (2) 23 2 8 21 1 8 8 3 3 3 1 16 1 (2) 99 (2) 1 (2) 11 1 1 8 2 2 9 1 1 6 2 2 31 5 3 13 (2) 100 (!) (2) 15 2 2 15 6 2 18 2 1 6 1 5 1 (2) 1 (2) 99 5 23 8 1 32 1 3 20 (2) 5 1 (2) - 99 32 3 8 22 4 1 11 1 1 4 (!) (2) 2 (2) 7 1 1 - 99 (2) 20 2 51 12 1 1 2 (2) 8 1 (2) ~ (2) 99 (*) I2) 14 1 2 43 10 1 21 1 1 3 1 1 1 - 22 99 (2) 1 (!) (2) 13 2 2 35 1 11 (2) 3 8 2 22 1 (2) “ (2) (2) (2) ( ) ( ) 97 3 1 “ 37 2 11 31 1 97 94 2 1 ~ 2 55 (2) 89 17 21 1 19 1 2 25 1 - - ( 2) 9 1 3 9 “ 2 “ 2 (2) 1 - 100 (*) (2) 1 (2) 24 1 4 50 1 1 11 2 2 1 (2) “ 2 100 (2) 1 (2) 48 1 46 (2) 2 (2) — 1 - " Flant workers Workers in establishments providing paid holidays _____________ ______ __ _ Under 5 holidays ________ ___ ___ 5 holidays _ _ _ __ ______ _ ___ 5 holidays plus 1 half da y ______________ 5 holidays plus 2 or more half d a y s _____ 6 holidays ----------- ------------6 holidays plus 1 half day __ _ — — _ 6 holidays plus 2 or more half days _____ 7 holidays __ ------ __ _ - --7 holidays plus 1 half day _________ __ 7 holidays plus 2 or more half days ---8 holidays __ ___ _ _ __ __ ---8 holidays plus 1 half da y ______ 8 holidays plus 2 or more half days ___ _ 9 holidays _ ______________ ____ 9 holidays plus 1 half da y ------------- __ 9 holidays plus 2 or more half days _ __ __ 10 holidays ______ ______ — - - — _ __ 10 holidays plus 1 half day _ __ 10 holidays plus 2 or more half days---______ ____ — 11 holidays___ 11 holidays plus 1 half day --- __ — __ _ 11 holidays plus 2 or more half days____ Over 11 holidays -- - - ----- ----Workers in establishments providing no paid holidays ------ -------- - - — 97 4 1 1 (2) 7 - 1 19 (2) 7 6 8 1 7 1 ( 2) 20 5 - 8 1 (!) ( 2) 3 97 (2) 1 - 25 (2) 11 29 2 9 14 ( 2) 1 1 - 1 2 3 98 4 1 10 (!) (2) 28 3 2 12 1 2 7 ( 2) 1 7 2 ( 2) 99 1 98 2 jr\ 3 “ 22 1 2 30 1 3 24 3 (!) ( ) 17 ( 2) ( 2) 5 ( 2) “ 2 1 - 3 1 " 3 ~ ~ 16 1 1 1 ( 2) 2 - “ “ ~ 2 1 1 2 1 Exceptions to the standard industry lim itations are shown in footnotes 4 a n d /o r 5 to the table in appendix A . 2 L ess than 0.5 p ercen t. ( ) ~ “ " ~ “ ~ 11 2 (2) “ 22 1 55 16 1 1 1 18 1 3 42 3 1 21 1 2V 2 “ “ " ( ) ~ “ / 2\ ( ) l 2\ ( ) / 2\ ( ) “ “ " 3 1 97 3 4 “ ~ 4 ” 1 34 1 7 40 1 97 6 1 1 " 3 (2) 43 1 “ 43 " ” lKZ )\ ( ) “ “ 1 “ ” “ ” “ “ “ “ ~ “ " 6 3 3 “ 3 62 Table B-12a: Paid holiday time-all industries (Percent of office and plant workers employed in all establishments that provide paid holidays by sum of full-day and half-day holidays provided annually, 1 cumulative, winter 1958-59) Northeast Total paid holiday time Boston Buffalo South New York City Phila delphia Balti more North Central Dallas Chicago West Detroit Los AngelesLong Beach San FranciscoOakland Seattle Office workers 13 or more days . .... ... __ I2 V2 or more days _______________ 12 or more days .. .. llVa or more days .... 11 or more days __ 10Va or more days . . .. 10 or more days 9Va or more days 9 or more days . __ 81/? or more days 8 or more days . _ ... 7V? or more days , „_r ..... . 7 or more days 6Va or more days 6 or more days _ ,. 5V2 or more days __ _ . _ 5 or more days -- ... __ .... . Total receiving paid holidays_____________ j 2 2 10 54 60 76 78 85 90 96 97 99 99 99 99 99 100 _ _ 1 1 17 17 19 19 25 28 44 45 75 76 ! 3 17 22 54 56 64 66 76 78 87 88 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 _ 2 9 9 12 12 18 20 31 35 65 68 (2) 1 10 10 13 14 78 80 _ _ _ 2 3 4 5 8 9 31 41 85 86 99 99 99 _ 1 1 7 7 30 31 63 71 94 99 99 99 99 99 99 100 99 99 99 99 (2) (2) 3 4 31 32 51 52 72 73 85 _ J!) (2) 2! (2) _ (!) 3 3 12 12 55 57 94 94 95 95 95 89 97 17 17 22 22 23 24 29 30 37 39 59 66 83 85 (2) (2) (2) (2) 1 1 23 25 35 36 47 48 84 86 99 99 99 _ (2) (2> _ _ _ 2 3 5 7 19 20 74 75 _ _ _ _ 1 1 3 4 50 51 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 100 100 100 99 100 100 (2) (2) 2 3 73 74 95 95 95 95 97 (2) 1 1 1 23 26 72 73 91 91 92 92 92 _ 1 1 2 2 50 51 86 86 90 90 94 94 94 _ 43 43 87 87 90 91 91 91 92 97 94 97 97 O (\) 99 99 Plant workers 12 or more days .. . _ _. II1/. pr more days 11 or more days __ __ IOV2 or more days 10 or more days _ _ _ 9Va or more days __ 9 or more days ... -- . 8 Va or more days ._ _ 8 or more days _ 7x/2 or more days _ 7 or more days 6Vz or more days 6 or more days .... .... 5V2 or more days _ _ 5 or more days _ _ _ 4Va. or more days 4 or more days _ _ _ _ _ 1 2 10 14 34 36 43 51 64 64 84 84 92 92 93 93 95 2 2 3 3 5 5 28 30 71 71 96 96 96 96 96 3 3 19 21 28 29 37 38 52 55 83 83 93 93 95 95 95 1 1 2 3 5 5 11 13 40 41 74 74 96 96 97 97 98 _ 1 1 3 3 5 5 14 14 72 74 92 92 96 96 97 Total receiving paid holidays 97 97 98 99 98 \\) 1 All combinations of full and half days that add to the same amount are combined; for example, the proportion of workers receiving a total of 7 days includes those with 7 full days and no half days, 6 full days and 2 half days, 5 full days and 4 half days, and so on. Proportions were then cumulated. 2 Less than 0.5 percent. 63 Table B-13: Paid holidays-manufacturing (P e rce n t o f o ffic e and plant w o rk e rs em ployed in m anufacturing establishm ents that provide paid holidays by number of paid holidays provided annually, w inter 1958-59) Northeast Number of paid holidays Boston Buffalo South New York City Phila delphia Balti more North Central Dallas Chicago West Detroit Los AngelesLong Beach 3IH FranciscoOakland Seattle Office workers Workers in establishments providing paid holidays __ _ _ Under 5 holidays __ _ _ __ 5 holidays _ __ 5 holidays plus 1 half day __ __ __ _ 5 holidays plus 2 or more half days __ _ __ 6 holidays _ _ _ __ _ 6 holidays plus 1 half da y ___ 6 holidays plus 2 or more half d a y s _ _ __ 7 holidays __ __ ___ 7 holidays plus 1 half day _ __ 7 holidays plus 2 or more half d a y s ______ 8 holidays ___ __ _ 8 holidays plus 1 half day ______________ 8 holidays plus 2 or more half days______ 9 holidays__ _____ _________ ___ ,,___ 9 holidays plus 1 half day ______________ 9 holidays plus 2 or more half d a y s ______ 10 holidays 10 holidays plus 1 half d a y _____________ 10 holidays plus 2 or more half days_____ _ __ 11 holidays _ _ _ _ _ ___ 11 holidays plus 1 half d a y _____________ 11 holidays plus 2 or more half days_____ Over 11 holidays _ _ _ _ _ _ ___ _ ____ Workers in establishments providing no paid holidays __ __ ______ _____ _ 100 1 1 5 1 2 16 3 12 1 25 5 27 1 1 100 (M 14 2 14 34 2 14 13 6 (M - “ ~ 100 (X) 14 3 (M 15 3 1 15 2 1 18 3 4 15 2 1 4 100 1 19 1 5 21 8 6 25 3 1 5 (1) 4 1 99 (M 1 (*) 9 2 2 73 8 1 (X) 2 (1) (M - “ " (M 100 4 9 24 1 5 44 1 11 1 - 99 30 3 14 34 5 (*> 11 1 2 - 100 7 (M 82 9 1 1 - 3 64 3 1 15 (1) 1 (1) - (*) ■ ~ ~ ** 91 5 14 23 1 5 37 1 4 1 - 99 1 l 23 3 17 42 1 ( 1) 9 1 (1) - 99 2 8 (M 72 15 1 1 1 - 98 (M 1 16 1 5 56 5 1 11 1 1 - 96 4 2 30 2 14 40 1 1 2 - 97 r1) 2 4 23 68 - 9 1 1 2 4 3 i 1) 100 (M n i 100 (M 1 32 (M 15 45 2 l1) 1 (X) 1 - 100 1 (M n 87 1 (M - Plant workers Workers in establishments providing paid holidays ____ __ _ ___ Under 5 holidays __ __ _ 5 holidays _ _ ___ ___ _ ___ 5 holidays plus 1 half da y ______________ 5 holidays plus 2 or more half days ______ __ __ _ __ 6 holidays __ _ 6 holidays plus 1 half day _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ___ 6 holidays plus 2 or more days__________ 7 holidays . __ _ __ _ _ 7 holidays plus 1 half day _ _ __ 7 holidays plus 2 or more days _ 8 holidays _ ___ _ __ __ _ _ 8 holidays plus 1 half day _ _ 8 holidays plus 2 or more half d a y s ______ 9 holidays _ __ _ _ 9 holidays plus 1 half d a y ______________ 9 holidays plus 2 or more half days ______ 10 holidays-------------------------— _ _ 10 holidays plus 1 half day _ __ 10 holidays plus 2 or more half days_____ 11 holidays __ __ _____ 11 holidays plus 1 half d a y __ __ ... 11 holidays plus 2 or more half days_____ Over 11 holidays __ _ _ ___ Workers in establishments providing no paid holidays __ _ __ L ess than 0 .5 p ercent. 100 3 2 6 2 28 8 14 2 9 2 15 2 5 2 1 98 (M 1 10 15 38 2 12 17 2 1 2 100 6 3 3 (X) 1 22 4 18 1 3 12 1 9 2 1 8 1 4 100 1 16 1 2 38 2 4 25 3 1 4 1 1 1 - 99 1 1 11 3 3 69 8 1 1 <’> 1 - 64 Table B-14: Paid holidays-public utilities # (P e rce n t o f o ffic e and plant w o rk e rs em ployed in public utilities establishm ents that provide paid holidays by num ber o f paid holidays provided annually, w inter 1958-59) B oston 1 Buffalo North Central South N ortheast Number o f paid holidays New Y ork C it y 1 P h ila delphia B a lti m ore D allas Chicago 1 W est D e tr o it 1 Los A n g elesLong Beach 1 San F ran c is c o Oakland1 Seattle 1 Office workers W ork ers in establishm ents providing paid holidays Under 5 holidays _ _ _ __ ____ 5 holidays ___________ __ __ ______ ___________ 5 holidays plus 1 half day __ _ _ _ 5 holidays plus 2 or m o re half d a y s ________ 6 holidays __ _ __ __ 6 holidays plus 1 half day _________________ 6 holidays plus 2 or m o re half d a y s _______ 7 holidays __ _ __ 7 holidays plus 1 half day __________ _______ 7 holidays plus 2 o r m o re half days _____ 8 holidays __ _ _ _ _ _ _ 8 holidays plus 1 half d a y __________________ 8 holidays plus 2 o r m o re half days ________ 9 holidays _ _ _ ._ . __ 9 holidays plus 1 half d a y ___________ __ _ 9 holidays plus 2 o r m o re half days 10 holidays ------------ -----10 holidays plus 1 h alf day _ - - 10 holidays plus 2 or m o re h alf d a y s ____ _ 11 holidays __ ___ 11 holidays plus 1 half day ___ _____ _ 11 holidays plus 2 or m o re half days _ _ _ _ _ O ver 1 1 holidays _ _ _ W ork ers in establishm ents providing no paid holidays . . ............... - . _ - 100 1 1 2 4 ( 2) 7 53 31 " 100 1 17 2 2 31 2 45 “ 100 18 8 4 2 ( 2) 2 1 57 2 3 1 100 1 1 7 4 41 ( 2) 6 6 26 5 3 100 ( 2) 7 6 30 57 ( 2) “ “ “ 100 1 15 3 38 40 3 - 100 10 7 20 3 36 22 2 - 100 1 17 3 ( 2) 79 - 100 3 5 91 - 100 20 78 1 - 100 2 2 88 8 - “ ” “ " ” 100 2 22 1 74 - 96 2 4 13 78 ** - 100 7 26 67 “ 99 1 3 3 88 5 • - Plant workers W ork ers in establishm ents providing paid holidays _ _ Under 5 holidays __ _ 5 holidays _ _ ____ 5 holid ays plus 1 half day . __ _ _____ 6 holidays __ ______ _ _ _ 6 holidays plus 1 h alf day _ _____ _ 6 holidays plus 2 o r m o re half days __ 7 holidays ^ 7 holidays plus 1 half day _ 7 holidays plus 2 or m o r e h alf days 8 holidays . . _ _ 8 holidays plus 1 half day ---------------------- ----8 holidays plus 2 or m o re half days _ 9 holidays .------ -------- ------------------------------------9 holidays plus 1 h alf d a y __ _ 9 holidays plus 2 o r m o re h alf days _ 10 holidays _ _ ______ 10 holidays plus 1 half d a y __ _ 10 holidays plus 2 or m o re half d a y s ___ 11 holidays __ 11 holidays plus 1 half day 11 holidays plus 2 or m o re h alf days . O ver 11 holidays __ W ork ers in establishm ents providing no paid holidays _ _ 99 2 5 9 8 • 2 7 43 22 1 100 1 20 (* ) 19 14 15 3 28 - 98 1 ( 2) 4 16 14 1 1 60 ( 2) ( 2) 100 2 28 37 3 1 14 7 8 2 1 1 or m ore utilities are m unicipally op erated, and, th e re fo re excluded fro m the s co p e o f the studies. 2 L ess than 0 .5 percen t. * Tran sportation (excluding r a ilr o a d s ), com m u nication, and other public u tilities. 99 ( 2) 1 26 33 38 - 97 10 14 3 27 43 - 98 34 10 32 23 - 1 3 2 See footnote 4 to the table in appendix A. 4 1 Table B-15: Paid holidays-wholesale trade (P e rce n t o f o ffic e and plant w o rk e rs em ployed in w holesale trade establishm ents that provide paid holidays by number o f paid holidays provided annually, w inter 1958-59) N ortheast Number o f paid holidays Boston New York C ity North Central South P h ila delphia B a lti m o re Chicago West D etroit Los A n g elesLong B each San F ran c is c o Oakland Office workers W ork ers in establishm ents providing paid holidays ______ _ — ___ ___ Under 5 holidays _ _ __ __ _ _ 5 holidays 5 holidays plus 1 half day _ _ _ 5 holidays plus 2 or m o re half days _ __ 6 holidays __ _ __ 6 holidays plus 1 half d a y __________________ 6 holidays plus 2 or m o re half d a y s ________ 7 holidays 7 holidays plus 1 half day __ ___ _ 7 holidays plus 2 or m o re half d a y s ________ __ _ _ ___ 8 holidays 8 holidays plus 1 half day ^ .... . 8 holidays plus 2 or m o re half days _______ 9 h o l i d a y s .................. ......— ________ _____ _ 9 holidays plus 1 half day __ ___ .. _ 9 holidays plus 2 or m o re half days ___ _ 10 holidays __ _ ______ __ __ ____ __ 10 holidays plus 1 half d a y _________________ 10 holidays plus 2 or m o re half days _____ 11 holidays _ __ __ __ __ ________ 11 holidays plus 1 half day _________________ 11 holidays plus 2 or m o re half d a y s ______ Over 11 h o l i d a y s ____ __ _________ __ __ W ork ers in establishm ents providing no paid holidays _ _ ______ ____ ___ 100 1 7 41 4 41 3 4 - 100 . 1 12 2 4 7 4 7 14 2 2 9 8 4 12 1 5 5 100 20 10 1 16 7 27 6 8 5 - 100 . 13 11 5 30 5 11 6 20 - “ " “ ~ 100 48 1 10 17 (l) 21 (l) 2 - 100 . 49 4 13 6 3 23 3 - 100 23 6 1 25 4 2 33 2 2 1 - 100 4 25 2 66 2 - “ “ “ “ 100 61 15 10 3 9 2 - 100 15 3 2 32 4 3 36 2 1 3 - Plant workers W ork ers in establishm ents providing paid holidays _ __ __________ __ __ __ Under 5 holidays _ . . . 5 h o l i d a y s __ __ _ _ 5 holidays plus 1 half d a y __________________ 5 holidays plus 2 or m o re half days _______ 6 holidays _______ __ ______ __ ______________ 6 holidays plus 1 half day _ _ ______ __ __ _____ 6 holidays plus 2 or m o re half days 7 holidays ___ _ __ _ __ __ ____ ____ 7 holidays plus 1 half d a y ____ ______ 7 holidays plus 2 or m o re half d a y s ________ 8 h o l i d a y s __ ____ __ 8 holidays plus 1 half day _ _ _ __ 8 holidays plus 2 or m o re half d a y s _______ 9 holidays __ ___ __ _____ __ ____ 9 holidays plus 1 half day ___ 9 holidays plus 2 or m o re half days ______ 10 h o l i d a y s _____ _r_______________ ________ 10 holidays plus 1 half day _ __ ____ 10 holidays plus 2 or m o re half d a y s ______ 11 holidays __ _ ___ _____ _ __ __ 11 holidays plus 1 half d a y _________ ________ 11 holidays plus 2 or m o re half d a y s ______ O ver 11 holidays __ _ _ ___ W ork ers in establishm ents providing no paid holidays _ __ ______ _ _ __ L ess than 0 .5 percen t. 100 2 4 1 5 10 50 26 2 - 100 2 18 (M 2 12 1 ( ') 13 1 1 7 3 ( 1) 27 3 5 7 91 8 6 4 8 1 37 7 14 6 - 98 4 12 16 4 3 33 3 13 9 - 98 58 1 7 18 1 9 2 1 - 9 2 2 100 (M 8 2 90 *• Table B-16: Paid holidays-retail trade (P ercen t o f o ffice and plant w o rk e rs em ployed in retail trade establishm ents that provide paid holidays by number o f paid holidays provided annually, w inter 1958-59) N ortheast Number o f paid holidays Boston New York C it y 1 South P h ila delphia 1 B a lti m ore North Central Dallas Chicago Weat D etroit 2 San F ra n c is c o Oakland Seattle Gffice workers W orkers in establishm ents providing paid holidays _ __ _ __ __ ___ __ . Under 5 holidays _______________________ ____ 5 h o l i d a y s _______________________________ ___ 5 holidays plus 1 half day ____ _ _____ __ 5 holidays plus 2 or m o re half days ________ 6 holidays ____ ___________ __ __ „ 6 holidays plus 1 half day __ ____ „ _ ____ 6 holidays plus 2 or m o re half days ________ ____ _____ __ _ 7 holidays _____ _ 7 holidays plus 1 half day __ _ __ ____ 7 holidays plus 2 or m o re half d a y s ________ 8 holidays _______ ________ _________ _______ 8 holidays plus 1 half day __________________ 8 holidays plus 2 or m o re half days ________ 9 holidays __ _____ _____ ____ ____ 9 holidays plus 1 half day „ __ __ _ ------9 holidays plus 2 or m o re half d a y s ________ 10 h o lid a y s _ __ __ 10 holidays plus 1 half d a y _________________ 10 holidays plus 2 or m o re half d a y s _______ 11 h o lid a y s 11 holidays plus 1 half day ___ 11 holidays plus 2 or m o re half days O ver 11 holidays __ „ _ __ . . W ork ers in establishm ents providing no paid h o l i d a y s ----------------------------------------------- 100 8 3 ( 3) 61 1 ( 3) 1 1 20 ( 3) 6 - 99 1 ( 3) 56 1 1 1 2 6 2 5 8 7 6 2 “ ( 3) 100 1 38 1 2 37 8 6 1 6 " 100 67 2 25 5 - 97 37 38 22 - - - - - - - - - - - 3 1 " " " 95 4 94 5 100 16 - 10 76 83 1 - 98 15 - - - " 99 64 2 ( 3) 32 ( 3) I3) - 100 84 11 4 1 - 100 ( 3) 2 77 6 12 3 - 100 l 3) 99 ( 3) - Float workers W ork ers in establishm ents providing paid holidays _ __ _ __ Under 5 holidays _ _ 5 holidays __ __ 5 holidays plus 1 half day _____ 5 holidays plus 2 o r m o re half d a y s ________ 6 h o lid a y s . 6 holidays plus 1 half day . . . 6 holidays plus 2 or m o re half days __ 7 holidays __ _ 7 holidays plus 1 half day 7 holidays plus 2 or m o re half d a y s _____ _ 8 h o l i d a y s _____ ______________________________ 8 holidays plus 1 half d a y __________________ 8 holidays plus 2 or m o re half d a y s ________ 9 h o l i d a y s ___________________________________ 9 holidays plus 1 half d a y __________________ 9 h o lid a y s p in s 2 o r m o r e h a lf d a y s ... 10 holidays _ _ __ 10 holidays plus 1 half d a y _________________ 10 holidays plus 2 o r m o re half days _ __ 11 h o l i d a y s __________________________________ 11 holidays plus 1 half d a y ___ . „ _ 11 holidays plus 2 or m o re half d a y s _____ _ O ver 11 h o l i d a y s ________ ___________________ W ork ers in establishm ents providing no paid h o l i d a y s _______________ __________ ___ ; E xcludes lim ite d -p r ic e v ariety stores, E xcludes 2 la rge departm ent s to r e s. L e ss than 0 .5 percent. 96 11 2 2 5 97 5 99 8 - - 4 43 - - - - 59 5 8 32 2 - 2 1 37 - 1 2 2 ( 3) - 3 12 1 20 10 - 6 93 4 5 - 55 1 86 48 29 - - - 27 1 - - 13 1 ( 3) - - 5 6 ( 3) - - - 1 - - - - - 7 14 - ( 3) 4 4 - ( 3) 4 3 - 1 3 - 2 - - - 62 1 20 - 83 - - - - 2 Table B-17: Paid holidays-finance f (Percent of office workers employed in finance establishments that provide paid holidays by number of paid holidays provided annually, winter 1958-59) N ortheast Number o f paid holidays Boston South New Y ork City P h ila delphia B a lti m o re North Central D allas W est Chicago D etroit 100 10 2 11 23 9 50 2 1 100 (M 26 19 4 41 4 3 2 - 100 21 4 4 3 3 1 3 2 54 " “ “ Los A n g elesLong Beach San F ran c is c o Oakland Cffict workers W ork ers in establishm ents providing paid holidays Under 5 holidays ---------------------------------------5 holidays — .... — ---------- ----5 holidays plus 1 half day 5 h o lid a y s p lu s 2 o r m o r e h a lf d a y s 6 6 6 7 holidays _ „ _ . _ holidays plus 1 half day - - ----------------------holidays plus 2 or m ore half days _ holidays 7 h o lid a y s p lu s 1 h a lf d a y _ 7 holidays plus 2 or m ore half days _ 8 h o lid a y s ... .... ._ . ... 8 holidays plus 1 half d a y __________________ 8 holidays plus 2 o r m o re half days _ 9 holidays _ _ 9 holidays plus 1 half day --------- ---------- 9 holidays plus 2 or m o re half days 10 holidays __________________ . __ .. .... 10 holidays plus 1 half day _ _ 10 holidays plus 2 or m o re half days 11 holidays __ 11 holidays plus 1 half day ----- ------ -------------11 holidays plus 2 or m o re half days O v e r 11 h o lid a y s _ ... _ ... . W orkers in establishm ents providing no paid holidays 1 L ess than 0 .5 p ercent, t Finan ce, in su ran ce, and r e a l estate. 100 1 3 3 6 67 18 2 " 100 (* ) 1 3 1 (* ) 7 (M 2 (* ) 45 10 5 25 " 100 (M (* ) 2 1 1 2 8 t 1) 3 1 3 1 78 “ 100 2 - (l) 5 3 4 7 2 4 4 5 4 2 1 8 (* ) 32 5 3 - 5 1 ** 100 . 4 ( x) 34 28 4 4 2 9 3 4 7 1 2 “ 100 5 49 2 1 26 6 4 3 4 " 68 Table B-18: Paid holidays-services (P e rce n t o f o ffic e and plant w o rk e rs em ployed in s e r v ic e s establishm ents that provide paid holidays by number o f paid holidays provided annually, w inter 1958-59) N ortheast Number o f paid holidays Boston New Y ork City North Central P h ila delphia Chicago D etroit W est N ortheast Los A n g e le sLong B each 1 New Y ork City Boston 100 2 2 2 1 5 - 2 14 - 7 - 57 - 8 100 7 ( 2) 11 5 10 16 6 3 6 2 1 4 2 16 5 7 100 3 31 9 ( 2) 15 30 7 5 ( 2) - 99 67 1 1 14 1 6 6 3 - 98 86 13 - 99 3 41 (!) ( 2) 26 1 18 9 - 70 6 29 15 8 2 3 7 - 94 40 ( 2) 20 1 1 7 ( 2) 5 1 13 5 ( 2) ( ) ( 2) 2 ( 2) 30 E xcludes m o tion -p ictu re production and a llie d s e r v ic e s ; data fo r these industries a r e included, h ow ever, in " a ll in d u s tr ie s ." L ess than 0 .5 p ercent. P h ila delphia Chicago West D etroit Los An geles Long B each 1 Plant workers Office workers W orkers in establishm ents providing paid holidays ____ _____ _______ ____ Under 5 holidays ___________________________ 5 holidays _ .... ........ ___ - _______ _____ 5 holidays plus 1 half d a y _____ ____ 5 holidays plus 2 or m o re half days _______ 6 holidays . . _,,______ ___ _ __ ___ _ _ __ 6 holidays plus 1 half day _ 6 holidays plus 2 or m o re half days _______ 7 holidays __ __ __ _ __ _______ 7 holidays plus 1 half day _ _ __ 7 holidays plus 2 or m o re half days _ __ _ ____ 8 holidays _ _ _ _ _ __ ____ ___ 8 holidays plus 1 half d a y __________________ 8 holidays plus 2 or m o re half days _______ 9 h o l i d a y s ____ ___ _ ____ __ ___ 9 holidays plus 1 half day _________________ 9 holidays plus 2 or m o re half d a y s _______ 10 holidays 10 holidays plus 1 half d a y ______ ____ 10 holidays plus 2 or m o re half d a y s _____ 11 holidays _____, n____ ^______________________ 11 holidays plus 1 half day __________________ 11 holidays plus 2 or m ore half d a y s _____ O ver 11 holidays _______ __ --------W ork ers in establishm ents providing no paid h o l i d a y s _____ ___ . — __ — North Central l ) 85 2 3 72 4 1 3 - 87 30 55 ( 2) 1 (!) ( 2) ( 2) - 65 5 60 ( 2) - 62 3 2 36 3 15 ( 2) 2 - 6 15 13 35 38 69 Table B-19: Paid vacations- all industries (P ercen t o£ o ffic e and plant w ork ers em ployed in all establishm ents providing paid vacations by amount o f vacation pay provided after sp ecified le n g th -o f-s e r v ic e period s, winter 1958-59) South N ortheast Amount o f vacation p a y 1 and s e r v ic e p eriod B oston2 Buffalo New York C ity2 P h ila delphia2 B alti m ore North Central Dallas C h icago2 W est D etroit 2 LOS A n g elesLong B e a ch 2 San F ranc is c o Oakland2 Seattle 2 Office workers 99 87 99 99 69 99 99 64 99 99 60 99 99 65 99 99 80 99 100 51 99 100 66 100 99 37 99 99 (3 ) 80 90 97 99 99 16 93 99 99 99 99 10 80 93 96 99 99 4 71 83 86 99 97 2 73 91 95 97 99 5 80 97 99 99 99 3 88 97 99 99 99 6 78 96 99 99 100 8 81 99 100 100 99 _ 86 97 99 99 92 7 28 49 86 88 92 93 2 7 46 91 92 93 91 6 22 62 90 90 91 89 1 10 41 86 88 89 88 4 5 23 82 84 88 64 2 11 59 64 64 89 4 7 42 87 88 89 92 1 5 76 92 92 92 88 4 10 33 86 88 88 94 4 15 42 89 94 94 47 1 2 15 43 47 47 41 5 5 15 38 41 42 60 2 6 22 58 60 48 (3 ) 1 12 46 48 31 (3 ) 5 30 31 31 46 2 3 15 41 46 19 1 2 9 19 19 30 1 2 14 22 30 30 (3 ) (3 ) 10 25 30 20 6 19 20 99 15 99 99 7 99 99 18 99 99 1 week o r m ore - --------- -----------— — 6 months —---- — ---------------------- — ___ 1 yea r _ „ ----------------------------------- _ 100 85 100 2 weeks o r m ore ----------------------------------------------6 months — ---------------__ ___________ _ 1 y e a r ------ — — — — ----------2 years _ — — — ---— — — — _ 3 years __ __ ____ ______________ ___ 5 yea rs _ — ______ — — — — „ _ 99 29 96 99 99 99 3 weeks o r m ore _________________ ___ _______ 3 y ears __ — __ ------- -----------------------5 years ------------- -------------— — ------- _ 10 yea rs — — _________ ___________ ___ 15 yea rs — ---- — ------- — — ________ _ 20 yea rs ______ ______ - ________ — — _ 25 yea rs ________ — ------------ ------------ — _ 4 weeks o r m ore ------------- — ----------------10 yea rs ------- ------- ------------------------------- _ 15 y ears — __ ___________ ____ ____ _ 20 y ears ____________________________________ 25 years ...........................................— ................... 30 o r m ore y ears __________________________ 100 71 100 - 1 9 40 42 - (3 ) 5 30 31 plant workers 100 36 100 99 15 99 99 39 99 99 19 99 99 15 99 97 18 97 _ _ _ _ _ 99 4 40 52 72 99 99 _ 17 36 62 99 95 3 47 71 89 95 96 (3 ) 22 35 60 96 94 (3 ) 15 32 45 94 98 (3) 33 76 93 98 _ 21 55 77 98 99 l 9 24 37 99 _ 21 62 79 87 30 85 92 99 50 73 86 98 3 weeks o r m ore __________________ __________ 3 years _ -------------- --------------------------- -----5 yftarfl .......... . ...... .................. 10 years ____________ ___ ________ _ ____ 15 years — ________ ___________ ____ ____ 20 years ----------------- ---- ---------------------------25 yea rs ------- ------------ --------------------------- _ 82 2 15 39 81 81 82 89 3 8 37 88 88 89 69 8 17 43 67 68 69 79 1 6 38 76 76 79 76 1 2 16 75 76 76 48 1 8 44 46 48 85 4 8 36 83 85 85 90 2 5 24 89 89 90 81 4 15 32 81 81 81 95 6 23 54 95 95 95 76 1 2 49 76 76 76 4 weeks o r m ore _ — ---------------------------------- _ 10 yea rs ___ _____________________ _______ 15 yea rs __ ______ ___________________ ____ 20 y ears --------------------------- -------------------------25 y ears ------- ----------------------------- --------- _ 30 o r m ore yea rs __________________________ 24 9 9 12 23 24 32 27 2 5 11 22 27 25 32 (*) (3 ) 13 29 32 15 1 2 7 15 15 15 1 3 10 14 15 21 (3 ) 1 10 19 21 1 week o r m ore _ ______ ____ — ------------ _ 6 months ____ _________________ ___ _____ 1 year ------- ----------------------------- ------------ . 2 weeks o r m ore --------------------------------- ---6 months ___________________________ ____ 1 year ----------------------------------------- -----------2 years ------ -------------------------------------- — 3 years ------------------------------ -------------- __ 5 yea rs — ___________ — — ____ . 2 9 31 32 87 - - 15 24 - _ - (3 ) 6 24 25 (3 ) 2 15 15 - 2 22 24 _ 100 28 100 99 99 47 99 98 7 _ - 2 7 7 ________________ 1 Includes pe rce n ta ge - o r fla t-s u m type payments con verted to equivalent w eek s' pay. P e rio d s o f s e r v ic e w ere arb itra rily chosen and do not n e c e s s a r ily r e fle c t the individual provision s fo r p r o g r e s s io n s. F o r exam ple, the changes in proportion s indicated at 10 y e a r s ' s e r v ic e include changes in p rovisions o c c u r rin g betw een 5 and 10 y e a r s . E stim ates are cum ulative. Thus, the proportion receivin g 3 w eek s' pay o r m ore after 5 years include those who r e c e iv e 3 w eeks' pay o r m ore after few er years o f s e r v ic e . 2 E xceptions to the standard industry lim itations are shown in footnotes 4 a n d /o r 5 to the table in appendix A. 3 L ess than 0 .5 p ercent. 70 Table B-20:Paid vacations-manu factoring (P ercen t o f o ffic e and plant w ork ers em ployed in m anufacturing establishm ents providing paid vacations by amount o f vacation pay provided after s p ecified le n g t h -o f-s e r v ic e p eriod s, w inter 1958-59) South N ortheast Amount o f vacation p a y 1 and s e r v ic e p eriod Boston Buffalo New Y ork City P h ila delphia B a lti m ore North Central Dallas W est Chicago D etroit L os A n g elesLong Beach San F ra n c is c o Oakland Seattle Office workers 1 week o r m ore _______ ____ ______ ____ _ 6 months ___ ________ __ ____ __ ___ 1 y ea r ----------------------------------------------------------- 100 82 100 100 71 100 99 84 99 100 72 100 100 51 100 99 50 99 100 67 100 100 93 100 100 38 100 100 65 100 100 8 100 ___ ____ ____ __ _ __ ____ __ ____ _ — — — „ . __ __ __ ------- __ __ ____ _ „ __ __ ___ ______ 99 13 96 99 99 99 99 (2) 84 91 95 99 99 3 93 99 99 99 99 4 86 92 95 99 99 2 61 67 70 99 97 1 68 91 96 97 100 7 83 97 99 100 99 4 97 99 99 99 99 . 83 96 99 99 100 _ 96 100 100 100 100 _ 94 98 99 100 3 weeks o r m ore _____ ________ — __ _ 3 yea rs _____________________________________ 5 yea rs -------- ---------------- . . _ 10 yea rs — __ ----------------- ---- ------------15 yea rs „ __ ________ ____ ____ _ 20 yea rs ____________________________________ 25 y ears __ __ __ ____ ____ ____ __________ 90 3 12 24 86 88 90 95 5 45 94 95 95 87 11 24 67 87 87 87 89 3 14 47 88 88 89 90 4 5 19 88 90 90 68 4 23 68 68 68 90 7 9 46 88 90 90 94 1 1 80 94 94 94 92 7 10 32 92 92 92 95 7 14 56 95 95 95 14 2 3 7 14 14 14 4 weeks o r m ore _ ________ ___ __ _____ 10 y e a r s „ ------------ ------------ ---------- _ 15 yea rs __ __ „ __ __ ____ ______ ___ _ 20 yea rs __ ____ ____ __ _______ 25 yea rs __ __ . . __ _____________ ______ _ 30 o r m ore yea rs __ ____ ___ ______ __ _ 21 3 3 7 20 21 40 2 8 39 40 47 5 17 28 47 47 41 _ 1 13 41 41 17 5 17 17 51 1 10 51 51 41 4 4 15 40 41 5 (a) 1 2 5 5 21 _ 1 18 21 21 35 (a) 18 33 35 1 _ . (a) 1 1 2 w eeks o r m o r e __ 6 months _ — _ „ 1 y e a r -------— 2 yea rs __ __ 3 yea rs _ — 5 y ears _ ------- Plant workers 100 7 100 99 27 99 100 20 100 99 9 99 96 7 96 100 12 100 99 5 99 100 13 100 100 31 100 99 64 99 99 (a) 21 27 59 99 99 _ 12 28 50 99 90 1 44 59 76 90 97 1 24 24 54 96 99 1 9 20 32 99 91 . 14 60 81 91 99 15 42 68 98 100 2 5 12 21 100 99 _ 38 70 91 99 99 _ 27 75 85 99 98 _ 65 71 79 98 3 w eeks o r m ore _______ ______ ________ ____ 3 y ears — — — — ------- __ ___ „ __ _ 5 yea rs ____ ___ — __ . . „ „ ____ _ 10 yea rs ___ ______ „ „ . .. . 15 yea rs — ___ — --------- ------__ _ 20 yea rs — ..... ......................... . 25 years ___ _________ __ __ __ __ _ 82 2 7 22 80 80 82 93 1 2 30 92 92 93 65 15 18 44 62 65 65 81 2 7 30 79 79 81 81 1 2 10 79 81 81 53 2 11 53 53 53 90 7 9 36 89 90 90 92 2 3 15 92 92 92 85 6 10 26 85 85 85 96 8 15 42 96 96 96 89 2 3 70 88 89 89 4 weeks or m o r e __ ______ ___ ____ ____ 10 years ______________ ______ ___ 15 years __ „ — __ __ ______ __ 20 years ________________________ ____ _______ 25 y e a r s __________ ____________ __ 30 or more years __ -------------------------------- - 17 1 1 4 17 17 35 . 3 11 34 35 13 3 5 8 13 13 23 . <a) 8 23 23 11 . 2 11 11 33 26 . (a) 7 24 26 7 ( a) 1 3 7 7 14 _ 2 10 14 14 25 _ 2 13 23 25 3 _ „ 1 3 3 1 week o r m ore _______________________________ ---__ __ __ _ 6 months ------ ---1 y ear ----------- -------- ----------------------- ------- _ 2 weeks o r m ore ------ -------------- ----------------6 months _ __ _________ __ „ __ 1 y e a r _ ___________ ______ _____________ 2 y ears __ ____ ____ ___ „ __ ______ __ „ — „ __ __ 3 yea rs _____ 5 years __ — __ „ ___ ___ ______ „ _ _ _ _ _ 100 22 100 1 Includes p e rce n ta g e - o r fla t-s u m type payments con verted to equivalent w eek s' pay. a L ess than 0 .5 percen t. See footnote 1, table B -1 9 . . 1 33 33 - 71 Table B-21: Paid vacations-public utilities* (P ercen t o f o ffic e and plant w ork ers em ployed in public utilities establishm ents providing paid vacations by amount o f vacation pay provided after s p ecified le n g th -o f-s e r v ic e p eriod s, w inter 1958-59) N ortheast Am ount o f vacation p a y 1 and s e r v ic e p eriod North Central South W est LOS A n g elesLong B ea ch 2 San F ra n c is c o Oakland2 Buffalo New Y ork C ity2 P h ila delphia B a lti m ore 100 90 100 100 72 100 100 88 100 100 58 100 100 95 100 100 71 100 100 49 100 100 27 100 100 51 100 100 63 100 100 63 100 2 weeks o r m ore — ___ 6 m o n t h s _____________________________ ___ . 1 y e a r ....................... - — .................................... 2 yea rs _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 3 yea rs _ __ --------------__ _ 5 years _ __ ____ ________ ________ __ _ 98 54 98 98 98 98 100 _ 71 93 99 100 100 18 99 100 100 100 100 _ 57 97 97 100 100 _ 92 96 99 100 96 49 87 95 96 100 _ 88 96 100 100 100 (3 ) 54 97 100 100 100 _ 15 92 99 100 100 _ 34 95 100 100 100 _ 87 90 99 100 3 weeks o r m o r e __ — ____ ____ — __ 3 years — ---- ---------------------------------- -----5 years --- -------------------------------------------10 years ----------------------------------------------- -----15 years ------------------------------------------ -----20 yea rs ____________________________________ 25 yea rs -------------------------------------------------------- 98 1 3 40 98 98 98 91 6 26 91 91 91 96 4 21 36 96 96 96 96 10 24 96 96 96 95 (3 ) 2 95 95 95 89 1 2 74 89 89 97 1 16 97 97 97 94 2 53 94 94 94 99 6 34 99 99 99 95 5 17 39 95 95 95 74 3 3 12 74 74 74 4 w eeks o r m ore _ ________________ „ _______ 10 yea rs _____________________ ___________ _ 15 years __ ------------ ------------ __ ____ __ _ 20 y ears __ ______________________________ _ 25 yea rs __ ------------------------------------- ----------30 o r m ore yea rs __________________________ 31 _ _ 1 30 31 41 _ _ 6 41 41 59 5 5 12 35 59 35 _ 2 2 34 35 59 _ (3 ) 57 59 9 6 6 9 69 1 25 31 69 52 21 52 52 39 28 39 30 1 1 2 28 30 5 5 5 5 B oston 2 Dallas C h icago2 D etroit2 Seattle 2 Office workers 1 week o r m ore 6 months - __ 1 year - _ __ _____ __ __ -------- -------- ----- __ Plant workers 1 week o r m ore — _____________________ __ 6 months ----------- ----------------- ------- _. 1 year _ ------------------------------------------------------- 100 78 100 100 51 100 100 86 100 100 36 100 99 73 99 98 58 98 100 6 100 100 18 100 100 45 100 100 65 100 100 55 100 2 weeks o r m ore _ __________________________ _ 6 months ____________________ __ __ ___ 1 year ______ ___^ __ _____________ ___ _ 2 years _ ----------------------------------------------------3 years ----------------------------------------------------- _ 5 years ______________________ ___________ _ 100 44 92 92 92 100 100 _ 48 53 98 100 100 22 86 94 100 100 100 _ 28 66 67 100 99 _ 73 88 98 99 96 _ 37 69 85 96 100 _ 35 72 100 100 100 _ 47 84 99 100 100 3 16 74 98 100 100 _ 47 96 100 100 100 61 61 96 100 3 weeks o r m ore _______________ ____ _______ 3 years _____________________________________ 5 years --------------------------------------------------------10 years ____ ______________________________ 15 years -------------------------------------------------------20 years ___________________________ _______ 25 y ears ____________________________________ 100 6 6 40 100 100 100 99 94 8 15 29 94 94 94 100 5 6 55 100 100 100 99 (?) (?) (3 ) 99 99 99 89 _ (3 ) 2 80 89 89 100 _ 1 7 100 100 100 100 1 2 48 100 100 100 96 3 3 24 96 96 96 98 15 17 36 98 98 98 64 (3 ) (3) 15 64 64 64 4 weeks o r m ore _______________________________ 10 y ears ____________________________________ 15 y ears ________ _________ _______________ 20 y ears __ ____ __________________________ 25 y ears __ _________________________________ 30 o r m ore yea rs __________________________ 31 1 1 1 26 31 67 6 6 15 34 67 29 53 16 - 30 3 3 3 19 30 24 3 3 7 21 24 9 - 1 2 3 * _ 4 40 97 99 99 46 - _ 2 46 46 (3 ) 24 29 _ 53 53 92 60 - - 12 12 16 2 56 57 92 - Includes p e rce n ta g e - o r fla t-s u m type payments con verted to equivalent w eeks' pay. See footnote 1, table B -1 9 . 1 or m ore utilities are m unicipally operated, and, th e re fo re , excluded fro m the scope of the studies. See footnote 4 to the table in appendix A. L e s s than 0 .5 percent. Tran sportation (excluding ra ilro a d s), com m u nication, and other public u tilities. 25 57 60 - 6 6 9 Table B-22: Paid vacations-w holesale trade (P ercen t o f o ffic e and plant w ork ers em ployed in w holesale trade establishm ents providing paid vacations by amount of vacation pay provided after sp ecified le n g th -o f-s e r v ic e p eriod s, w inter 1958-59) N ortheast Amount o f vacation p a y 1 and s e r v ic e p eriod Boston New Y ork City North Central South P h ila delphia B a lti m ore Chicago W est D etroit Los An geles Long B each San F ra n c is c o Oakland Office workers 1 week o r m o re _ ________ __ ___________ 6 months ___________________________________ 1 year --------------------------------------------------- ------ 100 71 100 100 82 100 100 53 100 100 43 100 100 59 100 100 49 100 100 46 100 100 40 100 2 w eeks o r m ore ______________________________ 6 months ________ _____________ ____ __ _ 1 year _____ __ ____ ___ _________ __ _ 2 yea rs _____________________________________ 3 y ears — --------------------------- ------- ------- _ 5 years _ ____ ______ __ _____________ 98 9 95 98 98 98 100 12 97 100 100 100 100 5 83 88 91 100 95 5 82 88 91 95 100 _ 79 93 98 100 100 _ 80 91 100 100 100 _ 70 97 100 100 100 _ 76 100 100 100 3 weeks o r m ore ------------ — --------------------3 years — — ____ ________ ________ _ 5 years _____________________________________ 10 y ears ____ __ ____ ____________________ 15 y ears __ ___ ___ ___ ______________ __ 20 ye a rs __ _________________________________ 25 y ears ____________________________________ 78 34 75 75 78 84 2 11 54 83 83 83 76 13 47 76 76 76 70 53 63 63 70 76 6 32 75 76 76 91 7 69 91 91 91 80 2 14 52 79 80 80 87 1 33 87 87 87 4 w eeks o r m ore ____________________________ _ 10 y ears ____ ________________ ________ _ 15 years _____ ___ ______ ______ __ _ 20 yea rs __ __ __ __ ________ ___ ______ _ 25 ye a rs __ ____________ ________ ____ 30 o r m o re ye a rs — ___ ______ __ ------ 17 13 17 17 38 1 1 15 38 38 27 18 27 27 38 4 35 38 38 38 4 4 18 36 38 40 3 3 25 40 40 26 1 10 26 26 29 . 8 29 29 Plant workers 1 w eek o r m o r e ____ __ __ __ ________ _ ___ 6 months _ ________ __ __ ________ __ 1 ye a r - — — ~ ---------------------- _ _ _ _ _ _ 100 47 100 100 68 100 81 20 81 100 19 100 100 30 100 100 10 100 100 20 100 100 12 100 100 1 81 96 98 100 89 _ 95 7 71 84 89 95 33 37 56 89 81 1 37 40 48 81 100 37 71 89 100 100 _ 25 56 75 100 100 _ 33 92 100 100 100 _ 22 99 99 100 ---------- ----------3 weeks o r m ore 3 years --- -------------- - __ ___ ____ __ _ 5 years ____________________________________ _ 10 y e a r s __________________ ___________ ______ 15 ye a rs _ _ __ _ __ __ __ __ 20 ye a rs ------- ------- __ ____ __ 25 yea rs __ ---- — _ - — ------- 80 7 7 24 75 75 80 82 9 29 55 81 81 81 51 36 51 51 51 60 24 58 58 60 78 3 31 74 78 78 87 20 46 87 87 87 86 5 17 50 84 86 86 100 6 52 100 100 100 4 weeks o r m o r e __ — — ________ — _ 10 y ears __ — _________ __ __ __ — 15 ye a rs _____ _______ _____ __ ____ _ 20 ye a rs — — ___ ________ ________ _ 25 ye a rs — ----------------_ _ 30 o r m o re ye a rs _ __ _ ____ ____ 17 7 7 16 17 17 25 4 9 25 25 19 - 16 - 34 1 45 1 16 15 33 34 38 45 45 15 3 8 15 15 17 10 17 17 2 w eeks o r m ore ___ 6 months _ ---1 ye a r __ 2 years ------_ 3 yea rs — 5 y ears ____ __ — ____ ------ ------__ __ _ — __ __ ------- __ — __ ---- — _ — __ __ ___ ____ ____ __ — __ __ __ __ ---____ _ _ _ 11 19 19 1 13 16 1 Includes p e rce n ta g e - o r fla t-s u m type payments con verted to equivalent w e e k s' pay. S ee footnote 1, table B-19< 11 Table B-23: Paid vacations-retail trad e (P ercen t o f o ffic e and plant w ork ers em ployed in retail trade establishm ents providing paid vacations by amount o f vacation pay provided after sp e cifie d le n g th -o f-s e r v ic e p e rio d s, w inter 1958-59) B oston New Y ork C ity4 North Central South N ortheast Amount o f vacation p a y 1 and s e r v ic e period P h ila delphia4 B alti m ore Dallas Chicago W est D etroit3 San F ra n c is c o Oakland Seattle Office workers 1 week o r m o r e __________ __ __ ___ 6 months __ __ __ __ __ __ ____ __ __ 1 ye a r _ — ____ __ __ ____ ___ __ „ _ 100 77 100 100 54 100 100 21 100 100 12 100 98 14 98 100 27 100 100 23 100 100 16 100 99 10 99 2 w eeks o r m o r e __ — ______ ________ ____ 6 months ____________ ___________________ _ 1 year _ ___ _________ __ __ ____ __ _ 2 years _ ____ ___ ________ ______ _ 3 y ears ------------ ------- ------------------- __ 5 years ___ ___ ____ ___ ____ _____ 100 _ 79 100 100 100 99 53 99 99 99 100 _ 22 84 99 100 99 _ 12 89 98 99 91 „ 20 78 88 91 99 . 31 99 99 99 100 _ 29 92 100 100 100 _ 31 100 100 100 99 18 99 99 99 3 weeks o r m ore _____ __ _______ ____ „ ___ ___ ___ __ 3 years 5 yea rs — __ __ ___ ___ ______ „ __ _ _______ __ ______ __ 10 y ears ____ ___ 15 ye a rs ------------------------------------20 years ____________________ ________________ 25 ye a rs — — ___ __ ____ ____ _ __ _ 99 . 57 93 99 99 99 88 4 33 75 88 88 88 88 8 85 86 86 87 75 2 45 75 75 75 47 1 19 38 47 47 94 3 62 92 94 94 75 3 30 64 75 75 75 96 61 86 95 95 95 83 (4 ) 38 83 83 83 4 weeks o r m o r e __ __ ____ __ __ _____ 10 years — ____ __ — _________________ _ 15 ye a rs — ---------- __ __ ____ __ _ 20 y ears __ -------------------------- --__ „ _ 25 yea rs ________________ ___________________ 30 o r m ore years ______ ___ 66 47 47 53 66 66 58 1 4 17 58 58 61 _ 7 61 61 38 2 38 38 36 _ 30 36 78 . 13 78 78 48 7 7 16 48 48 20 2 20 20 44 _ _ (4 ) 44 44 100 29 100 100 18 100 100 7 100 98 7 98 98 _ 90 93 98 100 _ 17 66 100 100 100 _ 29 96 100 98 _ 7 90 98 98 Plant workers 1 w eek o r m ore _______ _____________________ _ 6 months ___________________________________ 1 year ----------------------------------------------------------- 100 59 100 99 41 99 100 9 100 100 15 100 97 19 97 2 weeks o r m ore _ --------------------------- ---6 months _______________________ — _______ 1 year _____________ _______________________ 2 years _____________________________________ 3 y ears --------------------------------------------------------5 years -------- ---------------------------------------------- 98 _ 71 96 98 98 98 _ 46 98 98 98 95 _ 15 57 95 95 87 _ 7 61 84 87 85 20 76 81 85 3 weeks o r m ore ------------------------------ ------------3 years ____________________________ _______ 92 47 90 92 92 92 80 25 69 80 80 80 85 5 73 78 78 85 70 - 5 years ------ --------------------------------------- -----10 years ________________________ _ _ _________________________________ 15 years 20 years __ ------------------- ------------ __ 25 yea rs ____ ________________________ — _ 56 70 70 70 32 2 8 17 32 32 83 10 54 80 83 83 86 2 19 69 86 86 86 96 _ 56 91 96 96 96 68 2 14 68 68 68 4 weeks o r m ore _________________ ____________ 44 20 18 44 41 - - _ 13 18 4 4 15 _ _ 6 15 15 24 _ 2 24 24 10 15 20 25 30 yea rs — __ ________ _________________ yea rs — ____ _________________ _______ years ________ ___________ __ ________ years _____________________ ________ ____ o r m ore yea rs ________ ________ __ __ _ 1 2 3 4 36 36 43 44 44 4 46 2 6 20 46 46 41 _ - 4 5 4 41 41 20 20 Includes p ercen tage- o r fla t-s u m type payments converted to equivalent w eek s' pay. Excludes lim ite d -p ric e variety s to r e s . E xcludes 2 large departm ent s to r e s . L e ss than 0 .5 p ercen t. See footnote 1, table B -1 9 . 33 20 44 44 17 41 41 99 74 Table B-24: Paid vacations-finance t (P ercen t o f o ffic e w ork ers em ployed in finance establishm ents providing paid vacations by amount of vacation pay provided after sp e cifie d le n g th -o f-s e r v ic e p e rio d s , w inter 1958-59) \ N ortheast Amount o f vacation p a y 1 and s e r v ic e p eriod North Central South W est C hicago D etroit Los A ngeles Long B each 100 73 100 99 91 99 100 87 100 100 78 100 100 87 100 100 9 95 100 100 100 100 4 100 100 100 100 99 7 97 99 99 99 100 3 98 100 100 100 100 20 99 100 100 100 100 21 100 100 100 100 95 1 18 85 91 95 95 2 20 76 82 95 59 3 7 53 59 59 94 (a) 3 38 91 91 94 94 9 82 94 94 94 90 7 25 85 90 90 95 4 4 23 82 94 95 69 13 63 69 40 3 39 40 34 3 34 34 43 3 10 38 43 40 4 20 38 40 49 1 14 21 49 30 10 21 30 Boston New Y ork City P h ila delphia 1 week o r m ore _ __ — — __ — __ 6 months __________________ _____ ___________ „ ------- „ __ 1 y ear — ____ 100 91 100 99 96 99 99 93 99 100 92 100 2 w eeks o r m ore _ ___ ___ __ ____ 6 months ----------- — — — 1 y ear - — ------- ---__ __ 2 y ears — ------- — ~ ~ ---3 y e a r 8 — ------- ------- ------5 years _ — __ „ _________ 100 48 100 100 100 100 99 27 98 99 99 99 99 27 99 99 99 99 3 w eeks o r m o r e _______________________________ 3 years __ __ ____ — _ 5 ye a rs . . . ___ 10 ye a rs — _ 15 ye a rs — — — — ---20 ye a rs .. .. 25 ye a rs — — — — __ 97 10 45 64 85 91 97 97 4 21 66 95 96 97 4 w eeks o r m ore _ 10 y ears _ _____ 15 ye a rs — 20 ye a rs — 25 ye a rs __ _ 30 o r m ore y e a rs — 66 19 60 66 81 2 24 80 81 B a lti m ore Dallas San F ra n c is c o Oakland Office workers _ __ _ __ ___ _ _ — — — — — __ 1 Includes p e rce n ta g e - o r fla t-su m type paym ents con verted to equivalent w e e k s' pay. 2 L e s s than 0. 5 percen t. t Finan ce, insurance, and re a l estate. See footnote 1, table B -1 9 . 75 Table B-25: Paid vacafiont-tervicet (P ercen t o f o ffic e and plant w ork ers em ployed in s e r v ic e s establishm ents providing paid vacations by amount o f vacation pay provided after s p ecified le n g th -o f-s e r v ic e p eriod s, w inter 1958-59) North Central N ortheast Amount o f vacation p a y 1 and s e r v ic e period N ortheast Los A n g e le sLong B each 2 Boston New Y ork City P h ila delphia 100 3 100 Los A n g elesLong B each 2 100 7 99 92 6 92 86 15 82 90 _ 5 32 38 90 99 _ 11 56 91 99 86 _ 6 16 32 86 83 2 28 55 79 83 39 (3 ) 3 13 32 34 39 18 22 (3 ) (3 ) 10 13 17 22 37 1 9 30 30 37 24 2 2 18 24 24 24 3 (3 ) 1 1 2 1 w eek o r m ore __ — — ------6 months _ — — __ — ____ — ~ _ 1 y ear ----------------------------------------------------------- 100 87 100 100 82 100 100 66 100 100 60 100 99 63 99 100 52 99 100 13 100 99 17 99 2 weeks o r m ore - ------------- — — — 6 months _ — — „ __ ________ — „ 1 year _ — — — ----------------- _ — — 2 years — ___ — ---- — — 3 years ------------- __ --------------------------- „ 5 years _ ---- — ____ — ____ ____ 100 22 89 96 97 100 100 6 88 94 99 100 99 19 74 87 88 99 100 (3 ) 76 99 100 100 99 11 70 84 85 99 99 13 74 86 99 99 100 1 18 54 61 100 97 (3) 18 39 95 97 71 24 34 58 71 71 71 76 9 35 63 75 76 76 74 (3) 36 51 72 73 74 69 21 27 52 66 67 69 74 15 62 69 69 74 60 13 19 43 60 60 60 31 (3 ) 8 18 31 31 31 9 8 8 8 9 9 34 3 11 21 34 34 22 6 6 6 21 22 16 3 9 9 14 16 17 3 7 17 17 17 34 13 13 13 34 34 6 Chicago D etroit 3 weeks o r m ore _ __ 3 yea rs _ -------- „ — 5 years — — __ ------10 years — ___ _________ 15 years ---- — ------20 years __ __ __ 25 years — ----------------- _ — ---— — — - — — __ -----__ __ „ „ ---— ---- 4 weeks o r m ore ____________ ______ 10 years — __ __ __ „ ------- „ ---- ---- — --------- — 15 yea rs 20 yea rs — — ___ ____ 25 years — ___ — ------30 o r m ore years ___ __ __ __ __ — — ____ — — „ _ _ - 1 Includes pe rce n ta ge - o r fla t-s u m type payments con verted to equivalent w eek s' pay. See footnote 1, table B -1 9 2 E xcludes m otion -p ictu re production and allied s e r v ic e s ; data fo r these industries are included, how ever, in "a ll industries. 3 L ess than 0 .5 percent. Chicago Plant workers Office workers _ _ _ _ _ W est D etroit Boston P h ila delphia North Central W est New Y ork City - 6 6 - 1 13 16 18 - 3 - 3 2 1 - 1 1 1 (3 ) 1 1 1 1 4 2 2 2 4 4 76 Table B-26: Health, insurance, and pension plans-all industries (P ercen t o f o ffice and plant w o rk e rs em ployed in all establishm ents with fo rm a l p ro v isio n s other than le ga lly required by type of plan, w inter 1958-59) Insurance plans A rea Life A ccidental death and d ism e m berm ent. H ospitali zation Surgical Sickness and accid en t insurance a n d /o r sick leave M edical Catastrophe T otal 1 Sickness and accident insurance Sick leave (full pay and no waiting period) Sick leave (partial pay o r waiting p eriod) Retirem ent pension plan No health, insurance, o r pension plan Office workers N ortheast: B o s to n 2 — — — „ —........................... ....... . B u ff a lo _______________________________________ New Y ork C i t y * ____ __________________ ___ P h ila d elp h ia 2 ______________ _____________ 92 95 94 97 53 45 43 34 82 85 78 68 81 82 77 64 56 61 55 39 38 16 38 25 73 91 92 81 41 50 31 39 61 73 84 66 3 4 2 4 79 81 82 84 1 1 ( 3) 1 South: B a ltim ore _ „ ____ ___________ __________ D a ll a s ------------------------------------------------------------- 96 93 40 44 68 84 68 82 30 52 35 19 83 60 36 30 44 39 23 9 88 69 1 2 North C entral: C h ic a g o 2 __ __ ______________________________ D e tr o it 2 __ ____ ________________________ 95 97 44 57 83 90 83 90 56 80 37 30 80 88 48 67 42 61 15 17 76 83 1 1 W est: L os A n g eles-L o n g B e a c h 2 ________________ San F ran cisco-O ak lan d 2 ___________________ S ea ttle2 _____ __ __ __ ____________________ 98 95 96 65 48 82 90 83 48 89 83 48 74 72 43 50 43 14 79 81 92 33 36 29 68 58 71 4 11 7 83 82 81 ( 3) ( 3) 1 Plant workers Northeast: B o s t o n 2 --- ------- ------------------------------------- _ B uffalo ____________ _________ __________ ___ New Y ork C ity 2 _____________________________ P h ila d elp h ia 2 __ __ __ __ __ _______ 90 92 94 91 59 43 46 38 79 88 87 84 76 87 85 77 49 51 60 48 7 7 5 8 94 83 85 88 78 69 66 78 16 14 26 12 11 8 11 9 66 77 82 65 1 3 1 3 South: B altim ore _ __ ____ __ __ ____ __ ____ _ ........................................................ .......... D allas 90 87 35 45 75 80 75 78 19 40 10 12 91 59 74 44 5 11 21 11 80 63 5 4 North Central: C h ic a g o 2 _ __ __ __ ________ __ — __ _ D e tr o it 2 __ __ __ ____ _________________ _ 92 96 49 63 89 92 88 92 58 79 15 3 90 93 78 85 5 11 14 4 60 79 2 1 W est: L os A n g eles -L o n g Beach 2 ________ San F r a n cis c o -O a k la n d 2 __ _____ S e a ttle 2 __ __ __ ___________ ____ 94 94 93 76 57 85 92 90 93 92 90 93 80 87 89 31 32 5 64 65 94 31 25 87 32 18 4 14 34 5 70 70 68 1 ( 3) 2 __ ___ ___ __ 1 Unduplicated total o f w o rk e rs re ce iv in g sick leave o r sick n ess and accident insurance shown separately. S ick -lea ve plans are lim ited to those w hich defin itely establish at least the m inim um number of days* pay that can be expected by each em p lo ye e . Inform al sick -le a v e allow an ces determ ined on an individual b a sis are excluded. * E xceptions to the standard industry lim itations are shown in footnotes 4 and/ or 5 to the table in appendix A . 3 L es s than 0.5 p ercen t. 77 Table B-27: Health, insurance, and pension plans-m anufacturing (P ercen t o f o ffice and plant w o rk e rs em ployed in m anufacturing establishm ents with fo rm a l p ro v isio n s other than le g a lly required by type o f plan, w inter 1958-59) Insurance plans A rea Life A cciden tal death and d ism e m berm ent H ospitali zation Sickness and accid ent insurance a n d /o r sick leave Surgical M edical Catastrophe T otal 1 Sickness and accident insurance Sick leave (full pay and no waiting p eriod ) Sick leave (partial pay or waiting p eriod ) R etirem ent pension plan No health, insurance, o r pension plan Office workers Northeast: B oston _ __ __ „ „ . . __ ______________ _ B u ffa lo ...................................................................... New Y ork C i t y __ „ ____ _________________ P h ila d elp h ia ____ __ ______________ _____ 91 98 91 98 58 55 43 36 91 94 84 79 89 92 85 78 71 64 66 51 16 15 32 20 90 93 90 92 61 67 34 59 74 66 80 75 3 6 4 ( 2) 76 81 77 82 1 1 ( 2) ( 2) South: B a lt im o r e ___________________________________ D a ll a s ................. ................................................... 97 97 60 48 83 95 85 96 32 43 36 10 94 82 58 66 46 58 29 2 90 81 2 ( 2) North Central: C h icago __ ___________ ____ ___________ D e t r o i t ___ __ „ ________ ___________ ____ 99 99 54 60 87 98 87 99 63 95 28 28 88 96 68 93 44 60 9 26 75 90 ( 2) ( 2) W est: L os A n g eles-L o n g B e a c h _________________ San F ran cisco-O ak lan d _____ _____________ Seattle _ ________________________ ________ 99 92 97 87 62 93 96 95 15 96 94 15 77 88 15 67 34 2 87 78 95 43 38 9 73 58 88 2 1 ( 2) 83 83 90 ( 2) ( 2) 1 Plant workers Northeast: Boston _ _____________________ ___________ . Buffalo __ ________ _______________________ New Y ork C i t y ______________________________ P h ila d e lp h ia _________________________________ 91 96 96 88 61 48 40 34 92 96 96 92 92 95 95 87 62 53 67 53 8 5 3 10 95 87 81 92 90 82 73 87 7 7 15 6 7 8 5 6 72 81 85 68 1 1 ( 2) 3 South: B a lt im o r e ____ ______________________________ D a ll a s ------------------------------------------------------------ 95 91 39 47 87 92 88 90 19 42 11 8 96 63 90 59 1 4 17 5 87 66 3 1 North Central: C h icago __ ____ __________________________ D etroit . __ _________________ _____________ 98 98 57 66 93 99 93 99 61 89 13 2 97 96 89 96 1 4 10 ( 2) 65 89 1 W est: L os A n g eles-L o n g B e a c h ___________________ San F r a n c is c o -O a k la n d ______ _____ __ __ _ Seattle ___ __ ____ _______________________ 97 97 92 86 68 85 99 98 96 99 98 96 85 93 94 43 30 2 66 45 94 38 28 94 35 12 7 11 66 66 75 3 1 Unduplicated total o f w o rk e rs re ceivin g sick leave o r sick n ess and accident insurance shown separately. S ick -lea ve plans are lim ited to those w hich definitely establish at least the m inim um number of days1 pay that can be expected by each em ployee. Inform al s ick -le a v e allow ances determ ined on an individual ba sis are excluded. * L ess than 0 .5 percent. 78 Table B-28: Health, insurance, and pension plans-public utilities* (Percent of office and plant workers employed in public utilities establishments with formal provisions other than legally required by type of plan, winter 1958-59) In su r a n c e p la n s A rea L ife A c c id en ta l d e a th and d is m e m berm en t H o s p i t a l i za tio n S ic k n e s s an d a c c id e n t in s u r a n c e a n d /o r s ic k le a v e S u r g ic a l M e d ic a l C a ta s t r o p h e T o ta l 1 S ic k le a v e S ic k n e s s ( fu ll p a y and an d a c c i d e n t 1 no w a itin g in s u r a n c e p e rio d ) S ic k le a v e ( p a r tia l p ay o r w a itin g p e r io d ) R e tire m en t p e n s io n p la n N o h e a lth , in s u r a n c e , o r p e n s io n p la n Office workers N o r th e a s t : B o s t o n 2 ___ „ __ __ „ __ _ B u f f a l o ________ _______ N e w Y o r k C i t y 2 _ _____________ P h ila d e lp h ia Sou th : B a l t im o r e _ __ _____ D a l la s _ _ ____ . N o r th C e n t r a l: C h ic a g o a D e t r o i t 2 ___ _____ _____ „ __ __ __ __ __ _ __ _________________ __ _____________ ______ _ _ _ ___ __ __ _________ _____ __ __ _ W e st: L o s A n g e le s -L o n g B e a ch 2 ____ __ ___ S a n F r a n c i s c o - O a k la n d 2 ______________________ S e a t t l e 2 __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ 98 98 93 99 90 61 63 55 43 53 61 24 43 52 63 20 20 46 42 16 6 19 20 1 00 98 3 41 9 56 9 56 96 100 30 50 55 64 99 97 99 58 61 83 47 54 45 1 1 _ 1 96 94 95 95 20 7 33 38 86 92 86 85 7 92 89 92 91 3 44 21 96 69 3 18 37 27 57 33 93 85 54 64 37 52 35 4 92 97 36 15 41 94 43 1 86 91 ( 3) 47 54 45 45 54 42 33 37 5 93 96 92 18 32 33 79 51 20 11 42 48 98 87 78 1 - - 5 (3) 2 “ Plant workers N o r th e a s t : B o s t o n 2 __ ____ __ _____ __ __ _____ __ B u f f a l o ............................................................................. N e w Y o r k C it y 2 ___________________________________ P h ila d e lp h ia __ __ __ „ __ __ __ 99 80 63 67 39 Sou th : B a l t im o r e _ __ _____________ __ __ ___ D a l la s .................................................................... 1 00 96 13 45 29 49 29 49 16 29 N o r th C e n t r a l: C h i c a g o 2 __ __ __ _____ __ __ __ ___ D e tr o it 2 --------------------------------------------------------------------- 98 1 00 37 52 61 63 61 63 38 57 23 98 94 94 68 47 59 57 47 59 57 44 21 46 82 89 73 11 100 W e st: L o s A n g e l e s - L o n g B e a c h 2 _____________________ S an F r a n c i s c o -O a k la n d 2 _______________________ 95 98 93 66 48 71 53 58 48 71 45 39 22 48 34 21 7 33 10 5 99 93 96 98 30 30 39 68 34 38 40 29 46 29 42 20 90 89 98 95 - 84 83 13 40 33 25 38 33 99 - 16 85 4 97 98 54 21 30 44 36 36 94 - 97 " 18 36 49 64 45 28 96 95 93 - 42 35 59 47 (3) 11 - (3) - 1 Unduplicated total o f w o rk e rs re ce iv in g sick leave o r sick n ess and accid ent insurance shown separately. S ick -le a ve plans are lim ited to those w hich defin itely establish at lea st the m inim um num ber of d a y s' pay that can be expected by each em p loyee. Inform al s ick -le a v e allow ances determ ined on an individual b a sis are excluded. * 1 o r m ore utilities are m unicipally operated, and, th e re fo re , excluded fro m the scope o f the studies. See footnote 4 to the table in appendix A. s L ess than 0 .5 percen t. * Tran sportation (excluding railroads]^ com m unication, and other public utilitie*s. 79 Table B-29: Health, insurance, and pension plans-w holesale trade (Percent of office and plant workers employed in wholesale trade establishments with formal provisions other than legally required by type of plan, winter 1958-59) In su r a n c e p la n s A rea L ife A c c id en ta l d e a th and d is m e m berm en t H o s p i t a li za tio n S u r g ic a l S ic k n e s s an d a c c id e n t in s u r a n c e a n d /o r s ic k l e a v e M e d ic a l C a ta s t r o p h e T o ta l 1 S ic k n e s s and a c c id e n t in s u r a n c e S ic k le a v e (fu ll p a y and no w a itin g p e r io d ) S ic k le a v e (p a r tia l p ay o r w a itin g p e r io d ) R e tire m en t p e n s io n p la n N o h e a lth , in s u r a n c e , o r p e n s io n p la n Office workers N o r th e a s t : B o sto n _ N e w Y o r k C it y 13hi1ari»lpVi4a - 95 93 88 41 50 31 86 72 67 90 69 55 57 51 39 24 33 21 67 93 75 40 38 44 64 84 71 2 1 68 82 71 2 1 3 South: B a l t i m o r e ___________________________________________ 95 42 86 84 40 6 84 27 55 11 78 - N o r th C e n t r a l: C h ic a g o __ D e tr o it 85 89 50 59 84 82 82 79 59 59 34 30 78 88 43 68 53 67 2 5 72 58 1 8 95 97 58 51 92 83 86 81 67 72 37 31 74 79 35 32 56 68 5 9 62 65 ( 2) __ _____ „ „ __ „ _________________ __ __ _________ _ W e st: L o s A n g e le s -L o n g B e a c h __ __ __ San F r a n c i s c o -O a k la n d _________________________ 1 Plant workers N o r th e a s t : B o sto n __ _ _ N e w Y o r k C i t y __ P h ila d e lp h ia „ __ ____ ___________ _____ ________ _____ _________ _________ . 91 96 89 39 68 40 78 78 74 85 76 62 54 43 36 15 12 12 71 89 81 44 57 63 46 52 20 8 9 3 58 84 52 6 1 7 Sou th : B a l t im o r e _ __ __ 69 34 74 65 24 4 58 33 20 9 42 19 N o r th C e n t r a l: C h ic a g o „ D e tr o it _ „ __ __ 89 95 49 62 78 87 77 87 48 47 14 70 91 53 80 22 37 3 4 59 50 4 7 89 61 88 88 77 66 86 81 79 19 26 71 89 40 19 35 18 26 71 57 89 - 100 __ _ _____ _____________ _____ _____ __ ____________ _____ _____ __ ~ ____ W e st: L o s A n g e l e s - L o n g B e a c h _ _____ ____________ San F r a n c i s c o - O a k la n d ______ ______________ 3 1 Unduplicated total o f w o rk e rs re ce ivin g sick leave o r sick n ess and accid ent insurance shown separately. S ick -leave plans are lim ited to those w hich definitely establish at least the m inim um number of days* pay that can be expected by each em ployee. Inform al s ick -le a v e allow ances determ ined on an individual b a sis are excluded. * L ess than 0 .5 p ercent. 80 Table B-30: Health, insurance, and pension plans-retail trade ( P e r c e n t o f o ffic e an d p la n t w o r k e r s e m p lo y e d in r e t a il tr a d e e s t a b lis h m e n t s w ith f o r m a l p r o v is io n s o th e r th an le g a l l y r e q u ir e d b y ty p e o f p la n , w in te r 1 9 5 8 - 5 9 ) In su r a n c e p la n s A rea L ife A c c id en ta l d e a th and d is m e m be r m e n t H o s p i t a li za tio n S ic k n e s s and a c c id e n t in s u r a n c e a n d /o r s ic k le a v e S u r g ic a l M e d ic a l C a ta s t r o p h e T o ta l 1 S ic k n e s s and a c c id e n t in s u r a n c e S ic k le a v e (fu ll p a y and no w a itin g p e r io d ) S ic k le a v e (p a r tia l pay o r w a itin g ____ p e r io d ) R e tire m en t p e n s io n p la n N o h e a lth , in s u r a n c e , o r p e n s io n p la n Office workers N o r th e a s t : B o s to n ________ ____________________________________ N e w Y o r k C i t y 3 ___________________________________ P h ila d e lp h ia 3 ______________________________________ ' 91 87 97 54 27 26 59 88 86 55 85 82 32 67 32 17 16 32 90 91 87 66 56 42 44 42 28 26 11 38 61 67 85 ( 2) 1 2 S outh: B a l t im o r e _ ________________________________________ D a l la s ____________________________________________ 83 91 45 86 63 76 62 71 34 47 35 35 93 60 57 18 4 17 36 31 81 63 2 N o r th C e n t r a l: _________ ________________________________ C h ic a g o D e t r o i t 4____ ________________________________________ 92 82 38 61 95 58 90 58 24 39 58 23 91 52 35 30 8 33 57 10 77 42 1 15 W e st: S an F r a n c i s c o -O a k la n d ______ ________________ S e a t t l e ______________________________________________ 80 97 30 65 90 96 90 96 88 63 61 37 77 93 15 63 20 11 51 30 36 79 2 - - Plant workers N o r th e a s t : B o s t o n ___ N e w Y o r k C i t y 3 ____________ ____________________ P h ila d e lp h ia 3 ______________________________________ 89 91 94 50 35 43 55 96 75 51 94 73 32 69 41 3 4 6 91 86 82 70 69 64 26 29 21 9 4 17 57 74 61 3 2 5 S outh: B a l t im o r e ___________________________________________ D a l l a s _____ ________________________________________ 75 76 32 44 49 68 47 62 22 34 9 22 87 43 48 18 6 13 40 17 72 53 2 7 N o r th C e n t r a l: C h i c a g o ______________________________________________ D e t r o i t 3 ______ ____________________________________ 81 92 32 61 90 66 85 66 46 36 22 15 79 78 57 57 4 37 29 11 45 42 3 5 W e st: S an F r a n c i s c o -O a k la n d _________________________ S e a ttle ________________ ____________________________ 87 100 24 89 95 97 95 97 94 89 43 13 88 92 19 84 13 68 8 52 52 - 1 U n d u p lic a te d to t a l o f w o r k e r s r e c e iv i n g s ic k l e a v e o r s ic k n e s s and a c c id e n t in s u r a n c e sh ow n s e p a r a t e l y . S i c k -l e a v e p la n s a r e l im it e d to th o s e w h ic h d e fin ite ly e s t a b l is h a t l e a s t the m in im u m n u m b e r o f d a y s* p a y th a t ca n b e e x p e c t e d b y e a c h e m p l o y e e . I n fo r m a l s i c k -l e a v e a llo w a n c e s d e te r m in e d on an in d iv id u a l b a s i s a r e e x c lu d e d . * L e s s th an 0 . 5 p e r c e n t. 3 E x c lu d e s l i m i t e d -p r i c e v a r ie t y s t o r e s . 4 E x c lu d e s 2 la r g e d e p a r tm e n t s t o r e s . 81 Table B-31: Health, insurance, and pension plans-finance^ (Percent of office workers employed in finance establishments with formal provisions other than legally required by type of plan, winter 1958-59) Insurance plans A rea Life A cciden tal death and d ism e m be rment H ospitali zation Sickness and accid ent insurance a n d /o r sick leave Surgical M edical Catastrophe Total 1 Sickness and accident insurance S ick -leave (full pay and no waiting p eriod ) Sick leave (partial pay o r waiting p eriod ) Retirem ent pension plan No health, insurance, or pension plan Office workers Northeast: B oston __ __ __ ________ ______________ _ New Y ork C i t y __ __ ____ __ __ ____ ___ P h ila d elp h ia ________________ _________________ 96 97 99 48 39 26 91 83 62 91 81 59 58 53 34 71 52 40 53 93 63 25 24 7 49 91 60 - South: B a lt im o r e ____ ____ ________________________ D a ll a s ________ ___________ ______________ 99 91 25 29 65 89 62 82 36 63 48 17 57 39 5 5 53 34 - North Central: C h icago D etroit _ __ _ _________________ ______________ 99 95 38 47 83 87 86 87 70 62 50 59 65 70 32 10 W est: L os A n g eles-L o n g B e a c h ___ _________________ San F r a n c is c o -O a k la n d __ __ ______________ 97 100 30 43 93 85 93 85 84 65 37 53 66 81 22 44 1 U n d u p lic a te d to t a l o f w o r k e r s r e c e iv i n g d a y s* p a y th a t can b e e x p e c t e d b y e a c h e m p l o y e e . * L e s s th an 0 . 5 p e r c e n t , t F in a n c e , in s u r a n c e , an d r e a l e s t a t e . 1 89 88 94 - - 92 55 (* ) 3 54 61 2 2 84 87 (?) ( 2) 63 63 1 90 96 - 3 - - s ic k le a v e o r s ic k n e s s and a c c id e n t in s u r a n c e sh ow n s e p a r a t e l y . S i c k -l e a v e p la n s a r e l im it e d to th o s e w h ic h d e fin ite ly e s t a b l is h a t l e a s t th e m in im u m n u m b e r o f In fo r m a l s i c k -l e a v e a llo w a n c e s d e te r m in e d on an in d iv id u a l b a s i s a r e e x c lu d e d . Table B-32: Health, insurance, and pension plans-services (P e r c e n t o f o ffic e and p lan t w o r k e r s e m p lo y e d in s e r v i c e s e s t a b lis h m e n t s w ith f o r m a l p r o v is io n s o th e r th an le g a l l y r e q u ir e d b y ty p e o f p la n , w in te r 1 9 5 8 - 5 9 ) S ic k n e s s an d a c c id e n t in s u r a n c e a n d /o f s ic k le a v e In su r a n c e p la n s A rea L ife A c c id e n ta l d e a th and d is m e m berm ent H o s p i t a l i z a tio n S u r g ic a l M e d ic a l C a ta s tr o p h e T o ta l 1 S ick n e s s and a c c id e n t in s u r a n c e S ic k le a v e (fu ll p a y and no w a itin g p e r io d ) S ic k le a v e ( p a r tia l pay o r w a itin g p e r io d ) R e tire m en t p e n s io n p lan N o h e a lth , in s u r a n c e , o r p e n s io n p la n Office workers N o r th e a s t : B o s t o n ____ _____ ________________________________ N ew Y o r k C i t y _____________________________________ P h ila d e lp h ia _ . . __ „ __ ____________________ 64 94 99 27 39 41 47 62 61 45 59 37 42 49 26 26 35 24 74 93 59 34 27 42 50 84 45 ( 2) - 59 62 50 ( 2) 1 N o r th C e n t r a l: C h ic a g o ____________________________________________ D e t r o i t _______________________________________________ 69 96 23 49 69 81 69 81 43 58 23 21 49 66 23 39 29 44 5 - 41 40 11 4 W e st: L o s A n g e l e s - L o n g B e a c h 3 _____________________ 95 67 92 92 76 51 55 25 54 70 2 3 4 2 90 83 62 76 68 57 11 24 7 7 3 4 23 79 7 5 4 74 70 70 13 6 1 “ 17 9 12 10 4 7 5 38 20 - 1 Plant workers N o r th e a s t : B o s to n _______________________________________________ N ew Y o r k C i t y _____________________________________ P h i l a d e l p h i a ________________________________________ 85 92 97 77 57 84 81 84 75 51 83 59 33 64 68 N o r th C e n t r a l: C h ic a g o „ — _____ ____________________________ D e t r o i t _______________________________________________ 79 72 33 46 87 80 85 80 78 70 8 - 71 W e st: L o s A n g e l e s - L o n g B e a c h 3 --------------------------------- 78 51 80 80 77 9 12 " 1 U n d u p lic a te d t o t a l o f w o r k e r s r e c e iv in g s ic k le a v e o r s ic k n e s s and a c c id e n t in s u r a n c e sh ow n s e p a r a t e l y . S i c k -l e a v e p la n s a r e lim it e d to th o s e w h ic h d e fin ite ly e s t a b l is h a t l e a s t th e m in im u m n u m b e r o f d a y 8* p a y th a t can b e e x p e c t e d b y e a c h e m p l o y e e . In fo r m a l s i c k -l e a v e a llo w a n c e s d e te r m in e d on an in d iv id u a l b a s i s a r e e x c lu d e d . * L e s s th a n 0 . 5 p e r c e n t . 3 E x c lu d e s m o tio n -p ic t u r e p r o d u c tio n an d a l li e d s e r v i c e s ; d ata fo r th e s e in d u s tr ie s a r e in c lu d e d , h o w e v e r , in " a l l i n d u s t r i e s ." 82 A p p e n d ix A : Scope and Method of Surve y20 Industry and Establishment Limitations Occupational Earnings The area survey data were obtained by personal visits of Bureau field agents21 to representative establishments within six broad industry divisions: (l) Manufacturing; (2) transportation (excluding railroads), communication, and other public utilities; (3) wholesale trade; (4) retail trade; (5) finance, insurance, aid real estate; and ( l) selected services. Excluded from the scope of the studies, besides railroads, were government institutions22 and the construction and ex tractive industries. Workers were classified by occupation on the basis of uni form job descriptions designed to take account of minor interestab lishment variation in duties within the same job; these job descriptions are listed in appendix B. The scope of the studies was furtner limited within each of the six major industry groupings to establishments which employed more than a specified minimum number of workers, as indicated in the following table. Smaller establishments were omitted because they furnished insufficient employment in the occupations studied to warrant inclusion. More than 4, 700 establishments were included in the Bureau*s sample of more than 24, 000 establishments within the scope of the studies in the 20 areas. To obtain appropriate accuracy at minimum cost, a greater proportion of large than of small establishments was studied; however, all establishments were given their appropriate weight. Estimates are presented, therefore, as relating to all estab lishments in the industry grouping and area, but not to those below the minimum size studied; an exception, however, is the tabulation of minimum entrance rates, which relates solely to provisions in the establishments actually visited. 20 A more technical description of the methodology of community and other types of earnings studies is included in Studies of Occu pational Wages and Supplementary Benefits, Monthly Labor Review, March 1954 (p. 292). 21 In partial resurveys of Atlanta,Denver, Memphis, Milwaukee, Minneapolis-St. Paul, Newark-Jersey City, New Orleans, Portland, and St. Louis, the data were obtained chiefly by mail questionnaire, from the establishments visited by field agents in the regular fullscale survey made in the winter of 1957-58. Personal visits were made to nonrespondents and to those respondents reporting unusual changes since the previous survey. Full-scale employment and earn ings information (A tables) were obtained in each of the industry divi sions, for occupation reported in the earlier study, but no data were requested for current establishment practices or supplementary wage provisions. In re surveying the 11 other areas, data were also obtained by mail from some of the smaller establishments for which visits by Bureau field agents in the last previous survey indicated employment in relatively few of the occupations studied. Unusual changes reported by mail were verified with employers. 22 See footnote 4 to the table, p. 84, for areas in which public utilities were municipally operated and have been excluded. Average earnings are presented in the A tables, beginning on page 22. Data are shown for full-time workers; i. e. , those hired to work a full-time schedule for the given occupational classification. Earnings data exclude premium pay for overtime and nightwork, and for work on weekends and holidays. Nonproduction bonuses are ex cluded also, but cost-of-living bonuses and incentive earnings are included. Average weekly earnings for office clerical, professional, and technical occupations relate to the standard salaries that were paid for standard work schedules; i. e. , to the straight-time salary corresponding to the workers’ normal weekly work schedule excluding all overtime hours. Weekly earnings were rounded to the nearest half dollar. Establishment Practices and Supplementary Wage Provisions Information is presented (in the B tables) on selected estab lishment practices and supplementary benefits as they relate to office and plant workers in 11 areas. The term "office workers," as used in these studies, includes working supervisors and nonsupervisory workers performing clerical functions and excludes administrative, executive, and professional personnel. "Plant workers" include work ing foremen and all nonsupervisory workers (including leadmen and trainees) engaged in nonoffice functions. Administrative, executive, and professional employees, and force-account construction employees who are utilized as a separate work force were excluded. Cafeteria workers and routemen were excluded in manufacturing industries but were included as plant workers in nonmanufacturing industries. Minimum Entrance Rates. — Tables B -l and B-2 relate only to the establishments in each area sample. They are presented on an establishment rather than on an employment basis. The detailed tables in the individual area bulletins also present data for nonmanufacturing industries as a group, the entrance rates are also presented in terms of the most common workweeks for which they were recorded. Shift-Differential Data. — Tables B -10 and B - l l are limited to manufacturing industries. This information is presented both in terms of (a) establishment policy, 23 presented in terms of total plant worker employment, and (b) effective practice presented on the basis of work ers actually employed on the specified shift at the time of the survey. 23 An establishment was considered as having a policy if it met either of the following conditions: (l) Operated late shifts at the time of the survey, or (?) had formal provisions covering late shifts. 83 In establishments having varied differentials, the amount ap plying to a majority was used or, if no amount applied to a majority, the classification "other" was used. In establishments in which some late-shift hours are paid at normal rates, a differential was recorded only if it applied to a majority of the shift hours. Paid holidays; paid vacations; and health, insurance, and pen sion plans are treated statistically on the basis that these are appli cable to all plant or office workers if a majority of such workers are eligible or may eventually qualify for the practices listed. Scheduled hours are treated. statistically on the basis that these are applicable to all plant or office workers if a majority are covered. 24 Because of rounding, sums of individual items in these tabulations may not equal totals. The paid holidays tables present the number of whole and half holidays actually provided. Table B -lZ a (all industries) com bines whole and half holidays to show total holiday time. The summary of vacation plans is limited to formal arrange ments, excluding informal plans whereby time off with pay was granted at the discretion of the employer. In the tabulations of vacation allowances by weeks of pay and years of service, payments not on a time basis were converted; for example, a payment of 2 percent of annual earnings was considered as the equivalent of 1 week’s pay. The pay amounts and service periods for which data are presented are typical but do not necessarily reflect the individual provisions for progressions. For example, the changes in proportions indicated at 10 years' service include changes in provisions occurring between 5 and 10 years. Furthermore, estimates are cumulative. Thus, the proportion receiving 3 or more weeks' pay after 5 years includes those who receive 3 or more weeks' pay after fewer years of service. Data for intermediate service periods were not tabulated. Data on em ployer practice in computing vacation payments, such as time pay ments, percent of annual earnings, or flat-sum amounts, are available in the individual area bulletins. Data are presented for all health, insurance, and pension plans for which at least a part of the cost was borne by the employer, excepting only legal requirements such as workmen's compensation and social security (tables B-26 to B-32). Such plans included those under written by a commercial insurance company and those provided through a union fund or paid directly by the employer out of current operating funds or from a fund set aside for this purpose. Death benefits were included as a form of life insurance. Sickness and accident insurance data are limited to that type of insurance under which predetermined cash payments were made directly to the insured on a weekly or monthly basis during illness or accident disability. Information is presented for all such plans to which the employer contributes. However, in New York and New Jersey, which have enacted temporary disability insurance laws which require employer contributions,25 plans were included only if the em ployer (l) contributed more than was legally required, or (2) provided the employee with benefits which exceed the requirements of the law. Tabulations of paid sick-leave plans are limited to formal plans which provided full pay or a proportion of the worker's pay during absence from work because of illness. Separate tabulations are provided ac cording to (1) plans which proviaed full pay and no waiting period, and (2) plans providing either partial pay or a waiting period. Sickleave plans include only those which definitely established at least the minimum number of days' pay that could be expected by each em ployee. Informal sick-leave allowances determined on an individual basis were excluded. In addition to the presentation of the proportions of workers who are provided sickness and accident insurance or paid sick leave, an unduplicated total is shown of workers who received either or both types of benefit. Catastrophe insurance, sometimes referred to as extended medical insurance, includes those plans which were designed to pro tect employees in case of sickness and injury involving expenses beyond the normal coverage of hospitalization, medical, and surgical plans. Medical insurance refers to plans providing for complete or partial payment of doctors' fees. Such plans might be underwritten by commercial insurance companies or nonprofit organizations or they might be self-insured. Tabulations of retirement plans are limited to those plans that provided monthly payments for the remainder of the 24 Prior to the surveys made in the winter of 1957-58, sched worker's life. uled weekly hours for office workers (first section of tables B-3 to B -9) were presented in terms of the proportion of women office workers employed in offices with the indicated weekly hours for 25 The temporary disability laws in California and Rhode Island women workers. did not require employer contributions. 84 M i n i m u m -s i z e e s ta b lis h m e n t and e s t im a t e d n u m b e r o f w o r k e r s in e s t a b lis h m e n t s w ith in s c o p e o f s u r v e y (in th o u sa n d s) Number of w orkers in establishm ents within scope of studies 2 M inim um - L abor m a r k e t1 P a y ro ll p eriod size establish ment A ll industries Total Off ic e ]Manufacturing Plant Total Off ic e Northeast: Boston __ ______ _______ __ _ ------- __ --------------------Buffalo __ ___________ „ ------- — — — ------- — N ew ark -Jersey C i t y 10 _ _____ _____ _ ____ ___ __ New Y ork C ity __ _____________ __ _____ __ _________ Philadelphia _ ___________ . _________ ________ O ctober 1958 Septem ber 1958 D ecem ber 1958 A p ril 1959 N ovem ber 1958 ( 8) 51 (!) ( !) (8) 406. 2 224. 1 360.4 1, 349.3 536. 7 88. 4 29. 0 406.9 9 5.7 244. 4 157. 5 609. 5 342. 0 206. 8 154. 8 228. 9 405 .9 312 .4 28. 7 16. 5 84.9 38. 1 South: _ ------------ --------------------------— Atlanta 10 _ ____ B altim ore ...... - r .-_,, D a ll a s _______ _ _______________ __ . -----------------______ __ __ ___ _ _ ____ ______ __ M em p h is10 New O rleans 10 _ _ _ _ _ _________ __ ___ __ __ — May 1959 August 1958 O ctober 1958 January 1959 F ebru ary 1959 51 ( 8) 51 51 51 156.4 258. 3 163. 5 76. 8 120. 3 40. 7 36. 0 - 171. 1 96. 5 - 68.9 163. 0 73. 5 35. 5 38.9 - North Central: ___ C h ic a g o __ ____ ______________ ____ D etroit __ __ ____ ____ ________ — ----------------M ilwaukee 10 _________________ __ ------- --------_ _ M inneapolis-St. P a u l10 ______________________________ St. Louis 10 __ ________ ____ ______________ _ A p ril 1959 January 1959 A p ril 1959 January 1959 O ctober 1958 (!) ( 8) 51 51 2 0 1 7 1 223.9 121. 0 624. 1 378. 8 - 576. 426. 168. 115. 207. 107. 4 934 .0 96. 1 346.3 164. 7 195. 8 91. 1 33. 6 Nonmanufacturing 3 Plant Total 145. 8 113.9 234. 8 220. 4 O ffice Plant 199.4 69. 3 131. 5 943. 4 224. 3 59. 7 12. 5 ,322. 0 57. 6 98. 6 43. 6 374. 7 121. 6 87. 5 95. 3 90. 0 41. 3 8 1 .4 23. 8 26. 8 - 51. 7 46. 1 - 456. 1 179.9 71. 6 118.9 9 9 .4 134.9 47. 3 - 221. 5 93. 6 - 67. 5 390. 7 47. 0 209. 9 66.9 108. 0 67. 0 16.9 . ( 8) 1,032. 606. 240. 234. 307. - - - - 16.9 9. 2 - 119. 4 5 0 .4 - 1 1 5 8 7 89. 0 73. 7 - 402. 6 285. 2 - 39.9 543. 3 49. 1 136. 4 97. 8 87. 8 24. 1 16. 7 - - - - W e st: -----D enver 1 0 .................................................................................. L os A n g eles -L o n g B each __ ____ __ ____ _ P o r tla n d 10 _____ ____ _ ____ _ _ ________ _ San F ran cisco-O ak lan d __ _ _ _ __ __ __ __ __ _ __ __ __ _ ____ _ __ _____ Seattle D ecem ber 1958 M arch 1959 A p ril 1959 January 1959 August 1958 51 (8) 51 ( 8) 51 535. 9 179. 8 99. 1 338. 6 87. 5 62. 2 197. 3 92. 3 36.9 1 S ta n d a rd m e t r o p o lit a n a r e a s , w ith the fo llo w in g e x c e p t io n s : N e w a r k -J e r s e y C it y A r e a ( E s s e x , H u d so n , and U n ion C o u n t ie s ); N e w Y o r k C it y A r e a (B r o n x , N e w Y o r k , K i n g s , Q u e e n s , and R ic h m o n d C o u n t ie s ) ; P h ila d e lp h ia A r e a (P h ila d e lp h ia and D e la w a r e C o u n t ie s , P a . ; and C a m d e n C o u n t y , N . J . ) ; an d C h ic a g o A r e a (C o o k C o u n ty ). 2 T o t a ls in clu d e e x e c u t i v e , p r o f e s s i o n a l , and o th e r w o r k e r s e x c lu d e d f r o m th e s e p a r a t e o ffic e and p lan t c a t e g o r i e s . T h e e s t im a t e s sh o w n in th is ta b le p r o v id e a r e a s o n a b ly a c c u r a t e d e s c r i p t io n o f the s iz e and c o m p o s itio n o f the labor- f o r c e in c lu d e d in the s u r v e y s . T h e y a r e n ot in te n d e d , h o w e v e r , to s e r v e a s a b a s i s o f c o m p a r i s o n w ith o th e r a r e a e m p lo y m e n t in d e x e s to m e a s u r e e m p lo y m e n t tr e n d s o r l e v e l s s in c e ( l ) plan n in g o f w age s u r v e y s r e q u i r e s the u se o f e s t a b lis h m e n t d ata c o m p ile d c o n s id e r a b ly in a d v a n ce o f the p a y r o ll p e r io d s tu d ie d , and (2) s m a l l e s t a b lis h m e n t s a r e e x c lu d e d f r o m the s c o p e o f the stu d y . 3 In c lu d e s d a ta fo r 5 b r o a d n o n m a n u fa c tu r in g in d u s tr y g ro u p s sh ow n s e p a r a t e l y . 4 T r a n s p o r ta t io n (e x c lu d in g r a i l r o a d s ) , c o m m u n ic a tio n , and o th e r p u b lic u t il it ie s . T a x ic a b s and s e r v i c e s in c id e n ta l to w a te r tr a n s p o r t a tio n a r e a l s o e x c lu d e d , a s a r e m u n ic ip a lly o p e r a t e d e s t a b l i s h m e n t s . A l l o r m a jo r l o c a l - t r a n s i t o p e r a t io n s in B o s to n , C h ic a g o , D e t r o it , L o s A n g e l e s - L o n g B e a c h , N e w Y o r k C it y , S an F r a n c i s c o -O a k la n d , and S e a ttle w e r e m u n ic ip a lly o p e r a t e d a s w e r e e le c t r ic u tility o p e r a t io n s in L o s A n g e l e s - L o n g B e a c h and S e a t t le , and e le c t r i c and g a s o p e r a t io n s in M e m p h i s . 5 E s t im a t e s f o r N e w a r k -J e r s e y C i t y , N e w Y o r k C i t y , and P h ila d e lp h ia e x c lu d e l i m i t e d - p r i c e v a r ie t y s t o r e s ; th o se f o r L o s A n g e l e s - L o n g B e a c h , d e p a r tm e n t s t o r e s ; fo r D e t r o it , 2 l a r g e d e p a r tm e n t s t o r e s ; and f o r S t. L o u is , d e p a r t m e n t and l i m i t e d -p r i c e v a r ie t y s t o r e s . In e a c h in s t a n c e , h o w e v e r , the r e m a in d e r o f r e t a il tr a d e is a p p r o p r ia te ly r e p r e s e n t e d in the A - and B - t a b le e s t im a t e s f o r a l l in d u s t r ie s c o m b in e d , and w h e r e p r e s e n t e d , n o n m a n u fa c tu r in g . 85 by industry division fo r 20 labor m arkets studied by the Bureau of Labor S tatistics, winter 1958-59 (in thousands) Number of w ork ers in establishm ents within scope o f studies 2 Public utilities 4 O ffice Total 32. 17. 34. 197. 53. 7 6 0 b 3 22. 4 21. 8 21. 6 7. 7 26. 4 83. 42. 17. 26. 31. 18. 88. 13. 62. 17. 4 1 3 5 8 6. 5 2 .7 W holesale trade Plant 42. 5 9. 3 19. 8 11. 4 84. 9 33. 1 4. 4 5. 7 12. 3 11. 0 - - ' ‘ 19. 9 10. 0 44. 2 20. 0 - - - - - “ 18. 6 22. 4 7. 2 15.0 126. 2 32. 8 15. 8 10. 2 13. 6 9 .0 11.5 49. 5 - - 11. 9 2. 9 27. 7 8. 3 Off ic e 7. 3 (9) Plant Total O ffice Finance 6 Plant 49. 5 10. 0 8. 5 (9) 34. 2 14. 4 64.1 29. 1 26. 5 186. 2 67.9 6. 3 (9) 25. 2 9. 2 135. 9 52. 5 2. 2 (9) (!) (9) 4. 7 (9) (!) (9) 26. 3 33.9 27. 3 15. 1 26. 5 4. 1 3. 3 (9) 26. 0 21. 1 (9) - 52. 8 (9) Total S erv ices 7 O ffice Total O ffice L a bor m a r k e t1 Plant Northeast: Boston Buffalo N ew ark -Jersey C ity 10 New Y ork City Philadelphia 49. 7 8. 3 30. 8 249. 5 42.9 33.9 (9) 165. 5 25. 4 31. 7. 25. 183. 27. 1 1 2 9 4 5. 7 (!) (9) 39. 3 3. 7 15.1 (9) (9) 99. 3 18. 8 13.7 17. 8 18. 2 3. 5 7. 5 11. 6 12. 6 (9) (9) 9. 11. 9. 6. 7. 3 6 3 0 5 (!) (9) (9) (:> (9) (9) (9) (9) ( !) (9) 76. 27. 9. 12. 13. 0 9 3 0 5 14. 3 6.9 (9) ( ) (9) 39. 2 14. 8 (9) 9) (9) North Central: Chicago D etroit Milwaukee 10 M inneapolis-St. P a u l1 0 St. Louis 10 6. 5 11 59.9 3. 8 24. 6 7. 6 (9) 11. 9 <:> n (9) (9) 31. 0 ( !) !> (9) W est: D enver 10 Los A n geles-L on g Beach Portland 10 San F ran cisco-O aklan d Seattle South: Atlanta 10 B altim ore D allas M emphis 10 New O rleans 10 “ 79. 8 24. 7 8.0 19. 6 18. 5 ' 5 1 7 5 0 Total R etail trade 5 10.9 60. 6 7. 5 31. 2 9. 1 25. 9 o. 4 (9) 32. 5 10. £ (9) - - ' " (9) 17. 3 (9) 9. 7 (9) (9) 24. 3 (9) 13. 3 (9) 137. 56. 27. 41. 18. 3 3 3 1 1 23. 6 90. 7 15. 4 47. 2 23. 2 25. 5 5. 2 (9) 9 7 .4 45. 4 (9) - - (9) (9) (9_) (9j 5.9 2. 7 35. 8 17. 7 - 79. 6 28.9 9. 7 19.7 17. 5 49. 3 18. 8 (9) 8. 72. 6. 44. 10. (9) 49 .9 (9) 35. 0 (9) 0 4 6 4 0 - 6 Finance, insurance, and real estate. Data for nonoffice (plant) workers in finance and insurance establishment's are excluded from the total, as well as from the B -ta b le estim ates for all indus trie s combined, and nonmanufacturing. Data for plant w orkers in real estate, not presented sep arately, how ever, are included. 7 H otels; personal s e r v ic e s; business se r v ic e s; auto repair shops; motion p ictures; nonprofit m em bership organizations; and engineering and architectural se r v ic e s. 8 M in im u m -size establishm ent (in term s of employment) was 51 w orkers in-the w holesale trade, finance, and servic es industry groups; and 101 in the manufacturing, public utilities, and retail trade groups. 9 Tnis industry division is represented in estim ates for " a l l in d u stries" and "nonrr anufacturing" although coverage was insufficient to ju stify separate presentation of data. 10 Survey lim ited to occupational earnings; separate office and plant em ployment totals w ere not com piled. D ashes indicate, however, that coverage was sufficient to ju stify separate presentation of data in the S eries A tables. 11 Excludes data for m otion-picture production and allied se r v ic e s; data for these industries are included, however, in " a l l in du stries" and "n onm anu facturin g." NO TE: The 1957 revised edition of the Standard Industrial C lassification Manual was used in c lassifyin g establishm ents by industry division. M ajor changes from the ea rlier edition used in previous surveys are the transfer of m ilk pasteurization plants and ready mixed concrete establishm ents from trade (wnolesale or retail) to manufacturing, and the transfer of radio and television broadcasting from servic es to the transportation, com m unication, and other public utilities division. 87 Appendix B: Occupational Descriptions The p r im a r y p u rp o s e o f p r e p a r in g jo b d e s c r ip tio n s f o r the B u r e a u 's w age s u r v e y s is to a s s i s t its fie ld sta ff in c la s s ify in g into a p p r o p r ia te o c cu p a tio n s w o r k e r s w h o a r e e m p lo y e d u nder a v a r ie ty o f p a y r o ll title s and d iffe r e n t w o rk a r r a n g e m e n ts fr o m e sta b lis h m e n t to e sta b lis h m e n t and fr o m a r e a to a r e a . T h is is e s s e n tia l in o r d e r to p e r m it the g rou p in g o f o c cu p a tio n a l w age ra te s r e p r e s e n tin g c o m p a r a b le jo b con ten t. B e c a u s e o f this e m p h a sis on in ter e sta b lis h m e n t and in te r a r e a c o m p a r a b ility o f o c cu p a tio n a l con ten t, the B u r e a u 's jo b d e s c r ip tio n s m a y d iffe r s ig n ifi ca n tly fr o m th ose in u se in in div idu al e s ta b lis h m e n ts o r th o se p r e p a r e d f o r o th e r p u r p o s e s . In ap p lyin g th ese jo b d e s c r ip t io n s , the B u r e a u 's fie ld r e p r e s e n t a t iv e s a r e in s tru cte d to e x clu d e w o r k ing s u p e r v is o r s , a p p r e n tic e s , le a r n e r s , b e g in n e r s , t r a in e e s , h an d icap p ed w o r k e r s , p a r t -t im e , te m p o r a r y , and p r o b a tio n a r y w o r k e r s . Office B IL L E R , M ACHIN E P r e p a r e s sta te m e n ts, b i lls , and in v o ic e s on a m a ch in e oth er than an o r d in a r y o r e le c t r o m a t ic ty p e w r ite r . M ay a ls o k eep r e c o r d s as to b illin g s o r sh ipp ing c h a r g e s o r p e r fo r m oth er c l e r i c a l w o r k in cid e n ta l to b illin g o p e r a t io n s . F o r w age study p u r p o s e s , b i l l e r s , m a ch in e , a r e c la s s ifie d b y type o f m a ch in e , as fo llo w s : B ille r , m a ch in e (b illin g m a ch in e )——U ses a s p e c ia l b illin g m a ch in e (M oon H opkin s, fcliio tt F is h e r , B u r ro u g h s , e t c . , w h ich a r e com b in a tion typing and adding m a c h in e s ) to p r e p a r e b ills and in v o ic e s fr o m c u s t o m e r s ' p u rc h a se o r d e r s , in te r n a lly p r e p a r e d o r d e r s , sh ipp in g m e m o ra n d a , e tc . U su a lly in v o lv e s a p p lic a tio n o f p r e d e te r m in e d d is co u n ts and sh ipping c h a r g e s and en try o f n e c e s s a r y e x te n s io n s , w h ich m a y o r m a y not be com p u te d on the b illin g m a ch in e , and tota ls w h ich a r e a u to m a tic a lly a c c u m u la te d b y m a ch in e . The o p e r a tio n u su a lly in v o lv e s a la r g e n u m b er o f c a r b o n c o p ie s o f the b ill bein g p r e p a r e d and is often done on a fa n fo ld m a ch in e . B i lle r , m a ch in e (book k eep in g m a c h in e )----- U ses a book k eep in g m a ch in e (&undstrand, E llio tt F is n e r , R em in gton R and, e tc . , w h ich m a y o r m a y not have ty p e w r ite r k e y b o a r d ) to p r e p a r e c u s t o m e r s ' b ills as p a rt o f the a cco u n ts r e c e iv a b le o p e r a tio n . G e n e r a lly in v o lv e s the sim u lta n eou s en try o f fig u r e s on c u s t o m e r s ' le d g e r record . The m a ch in e a u to m a tica lly a c c u m u la te s fig u r e s on a n u m ber o f v e r t ic a l colu m n s and co m p u te s and u su a lly p r in ts a u to m a tic a lly the d eb it o r c r e d it b a la n ce s . D oes not in v o lv e a k n o w l edge o f b ook k eep in g . W ork s fr o m u n ifo r m and stan dard ty p es o f s a le s and c r e d it s lip s . B O O K K E E PIN G -M A C H IN E O P E R A T O R O p era tes a book k eep in g m a ch in e (R em in gton R and, E llio tt F is h e r , S undstrand, B u rro u g h s, N ation al C ash R e g is t e r , w ith o r w ith out a ty p e w rite r k e y b o a r d ) to k eep a r e c o r d o f b u s in e s s tr a n s a c t io n s . B O O K K E E P IN G -M A C H IN E O P E R A T O R ----- C on tinu ed C la s s A-— K eep s a s e t o f r e c o r d s r e q u irin g a k n ow led ge o f and e x p e r ie n c e in b a s ic b o o k k e e p in g p r in c ip le s and fa m ilia r it y w ith the s t r u c tu r e o f the p a r t ic u la r a cco u n tin g s y s te m u s e d . D e te r m in e s p r o p e r r e c o r d s and d is tr ib u tio n o f d eb it and c r e d it item s to be u se d in ea ch p h a se o f the w o r k . M ay p r e p a r e c o n s o lid a te d r e p o r t s , b a la n c e s h e e ts , and o th e r r e c o r d s b y hand. C la s s B — -K eep s a r e c o r d o f on e o r m o r e p h a s e s o r s e c tio n s o f a s e t o f r e c o r d s u s u a lly r e q u ir in g little kn ow led ge o f b a s ic b o o k k ee p in g . P h a s e s o r s e c tio n s in clu d e a c c o u n ts p a y a b le , p a y r o ll, c u s t o m e r s ' a c c o u n ts (not in clu d in g a s im p le type o f b illin g d e s c r ib e d u n der b i l l e r , m a c h in e ), c o s t d is tr ib u tio n , ex p e n s e d is tr ib u tio n , in v e n to r y c o n t r o l, e t c . M ay c h e c k o r a s s i s t in p r e p a r a tio n o f t r ia l b a la n c e s and p r e p a r e c o n t r o l sh e e ts f o r the a cco u n tin g d ep a rtm en t. CLERK, AC C O U N TIN G C la s s A ——U nder g e n e r a l d ir e c t io n o f a b o o k k e e p e r o r a c c o u n t ant, has r e s p o n s ib ilit y f o r k eep in g on e o r m o r e s e c tio n s o f a com-* p le te s e t o f b ook s o r r e c o r d s r e la tin g to on e p h a se o f an e s t a b lis h m e n t's b u s in e s s tr a n s a c t io n s . W o rk in v o lv e s p o s tin g and ba la n cin g s u b s id ia r y le d g e r o r le d g e r s su ch as a c c o u n ts r e c e iv a b le o r a c cou n ts p a y a b le ; ex a m in in g and c o d in g in v o ic e s o r v o u c h e r s w ith p r o p e r a c c o u n tin g d is tr ib u tio n ; r e q u ir e s ju d g m en t and e x p e r ie n c e in m a k in g p r o p e r a s s ig n a tio n s and a llo c a t io n s . M ay a s s i s t in p r e p a r in g , a d ju stin g , and c lo s in g jo u r n a l e n tr ie s ; m a y d ir e c t c la s s B a ccou n tin g c le r k s . C la s s B ——U nder s u p e r v is io n , p e r fo r m s one o r m o r e rou tin e a c c o u n tin g o p e r a tio n s su ch a s p o s tin g s im p le jo u r n a l v o u c h e r s , a c c o u n ts p a y a b le v o u c h e r s , e n te rin g v o u c h e r s in v o u c h e r r e g is t e r s ; r e c o n c ilin g bank a c c o u n ts ; p o s tin g s u b s id ia r y le d g e r s c o n t r o lle d b y g e n e r a l le d g e r s . T h is jo b d o e s not r e q u ir e a kn ow led ge o f a c c o u n tin g and b o o k k e e p in g p r in c ip le s but is found in o ffic e s in w h ich the m o r e rou tin e a c c o u n tin g w o r k is su b d iv id ed on a fu n c tio n a l b a s is a m on g s e v e r a l w o r k e r s . 88 CLERK, F IL E C la s s A ——R e s p o n s ib le fo r m a in tain in g an e s ta b lis h e d filin g s y s t e m . C la s s ifie s and in d e x e s c o r r e s p o n d e n c e o r oth er m a te r ia l; m a y a ls o file th is m a t e r ia l. M ay k eep r e c o r d s o f v a r io u s ty p es in c o n ju n ctio n w ith file s o r s u p e r v is e o th e r s in filin g and lo c a tin g m a te r ia l in the f i l e s . M ay p e r fo r m in cid e n ta l c l e r i c a l d u tie s . C la s s B -----P e r f o r m s ro u tin e filin g , u su a lly o f m a te r ia l that has a lr e a d y been c la s s if i e d , o r lo c a t e s o r a s s i s t s in lo c a tin g m a te r ia l in the f i l e s . M ay p e r fo r m in cid e n ta l c l e r i c a l d u tie s . CLERK, ORDER R e c e iv e s cu s to m e r s * o r d e r s fo r m a te r ia l o r m e r c h a n d is e by m a il, phone, o r p e r s o n a lly . D uties in v o lv e any c o m b in a tio n o f the fo llo w in g : Q uoting p r ic e s to c u s t o m e r s ; m akin g out an o r d e r sh eet lis tin g the ite m s to m a k e up the o r d e r ; ch e ck in g p r ic e s and q u a n tities o f ite m s on o r d e r sh eet; d is trib u tin g o r d e r sh e e ts to r e s p e c t iv e d e p a rtm en ts to be fill e d . M ay c h e c k w ith c r e d it d ep a rtm en t to d e t e r m in e c r e d it ra tin g o f c u s t o m e r , a ck n o w le d g e r e c e ip t o f o r d e r s fr o m c u s t o m e r s , fo llo w up o r d e r s to s e e that they h ave b e e n fille d , keep file o f o r d e r s r e c e iv e d , and c h e c k sh ipping in v o ic e s w ith o r ig in a l ord ers. CLERK, K E Y -P U N C H O P E R A T O R Under g e n e r a l s u p e r v is io n and w ith no s u p e r v is o r y r e s p o n s i b i lit ie s , r e c o r d s a cco u n tin g and s t a t is t ic a l data on tabulating c a r d s by punching a s e r ie s o f h o le s in the c a r d s in a s p e c ifie d se q u e n c e , using an a lp h a b e tica l o r a n u m e r ic a l k e y -p u n ch m a ch in e , fo llo w in g w ritte n in fo r m a tio n on r e c o r d s . M ay d u p lica te c a r d s by using the d u p lica tin g d e v ic e a tta ch ed to m a ch in e . K eep s file s o f punch c a r d s . M ay v e r ify ow n w o rk o r w o rk o f o t h e r s . O F F IC E BOY O R G IR L P e r f o r m s v a r io u s rou tin e d u ties su ch a s running e r r a n d s , o p e r a tin g m in o r o f f ic e m a ch in e s su ch a s s e a le r s o r m a ile r s , opening and d is trib u tin g m a il, and oth er m in o r c l e r i c a l w o rk . SE CRE TARY P e r f o r m s s e c r e t a r ia l and c l e r i c a l d u ties fo r a s u p e r io r in an a d m in is tr a tiv e o r e x e c u tiv e p o s it io n . D u ties in clu d e m aking a p p oin t m en ts fo r s u p e r io r ; r e c e iv in g p eop le c o m in g in to o f f ic e ; a n sw erin g and m akin g phone c a lls ; han dlin g p e r s o n a l and im p o rta n t o r c o n fi d en tia l m a il, and w ritin g rou tin e c o r r e s p o n d e n c e on ow n in itia tiv e ; taking d ic ta tio n (w h e re tr a n s c r ib in g m a ch in e is n ot u sed ) e ith er in sh orth an d o r by Stenotype o r s im ila r m a ch in e , and tr a n s c r ib in g d ic ta tion o r the r e c o r d e d in fo r m a tio n r e p r o d u c e d on a tr a n s c r ib in g m a ch in e . M ay p r e p a r e s p e c ia l r e p o r t s o r m e m o ra n d a fo r in fo r m a tio n o f s u p e r io r . PAYROLL STENOGRAPHER, GENERAL C om p u tes w a g e s o f com p a n y e m p lo y e e s and e n te r s the n e c e s s a r y data on the p a y r o ll s h e e ts . D u ties in v o lv e : C a lcu la tin g w o rk e r s* e a rn in g s b a s e d on tim e o r p ro d u c tio n r e c o r d s ; p ostin g c a lc u la te d data on p a y r o ll sh eet, sh ow in g in fo r m a tio n su ch a s w o rk e r * s n a m e , w ork in g d a y s , tim e , r a te , d ed u ction s fo r in s u r a n c e , and tota l w a g es d u e. M ay m ake out p a y c h e c k s and a s s i s t p a y m a s te r in m akin g up and d i s trib u tin g pay e n v e lo p e s . M ay u se a c a lc u la tin g m a ch in e . P r im a r y duty is to take d ic ta tio n fr o m one o r m o r e p e r s o n s , e ith e r in sh orth an d o r by Stenotype o r s im ila r m a ch in e , in v olv in g a n o r m a l r ou tin e v o c a b u la r y , and to tr a n s c r ib e th is d icta tio n on a ty p e w r it e r . M ay a ls o type fr o m w ritte n c o p y . M ay a ls o set up and keep file s in o r d e r , k eep s im p le r e c o r d s , e t c . D o e s not in clu d e tr a n s c r ib in g -m a c h in e w o r k (s e e t r a n s c r ib in g -m a c h in e o p e r a t o r ). COM PTOM ETER OPERATOR ST E N O G R A P H E R , P r im a r y duty is to o p e r a te a C o m p to m e te r to p e r fo r m m a th e m a tic a l co m p u ta tio n s. T h is jo b is not to be c o n fu s e d w ith that o f s t a t is t ic a l o r oth er type o f c le r k , w h ich m a y in v o lv e fre q u e n t u se o f a C o m p to m e te r but, in w h ich , u se o f th is m a ch in e is in cid e n ta l to p e r fo r m a n c e o f oth er d u tie s . P r im a r y duty is to take d icta tio n fr o m one o r m o r e p e r s o n s , e ith e r in sh orth an d o r by Stenotype o r s im ila r m a ch in e , in v olv in g a v a r ie d te c h n ic a l o r s p e c ia liz e d v o c a b u la r y su ch a s in le g a l b r ie fs o r r e p o r t s on s c ie n t ific r e s e a r c h and to t r a n s c r ib e th is d icta tio n on a t y p e w r ite r . M ay a ls o type fr o m w ritten c o p y . M ay a ls o set up and k eep f ile s in o r d e r , k eep s im p le r e c o r d s , e t c . D oes not in clu d e tr a n s c r ib in g -m a c h in e w o r k . T E C H N IC A L D U P L IC A T IN G -M A C H IN E O P E R A T O R (M IM E O G R A P H OR D IT T O ) SW ITC H B O A R D O P E R A T O R U nder g e n e r a l s u p e r v is io n and w ith no s u p e r v is o r y r e s p o n s ib ilit ie s , r e p r o d u c e s m u ltip le c o p ie s o f ty p ew ritten o r h an dw ritten m a tte r, using a M im e o g ra p h o r D itto m a ch in e . M ak es n e c e s s a r y a d ju stm en t su ch as fo r ink and paper fe e d cou n ter and c y lin d e r sp e e d . Is not r e q u ir e d to p r e p a r e s te n c il o r D itto m a s t e r . M ay k eep file o f u sed s t e n c ils o r D itto m a s t e r s . M ay s o r t, c o lla t e , and staple c o m pleted m a te r ia l. O p e ra te s a s in g le - o r m u lt ip le -p o s it io n telep h on e sw itch b o a rd . D uties in v o lv e handling in c o m in g , ou tg oin g , and in trap lan t o r o ffic e c a lls . M ay r e c o r d to ll c a lls and take m e s s a g e s . M ay g iv e in fo r m a tion to p e r s o n s who c a ll in, o r o c c a s io n a lly take telep h on e o r d e r s . F o r w o r k e r s who a ls o a c t as r e c e p t io n is t s se e s w itch b o a rd o p e r a t o r r e c e p t io n is t . 89 SW ITCH BO AR D O P E R A T O R -R E C E P T IO N IS T tion type T h is tim e T R A N S C R IB IN G -M A C H IN E O P E R A T O R , In ad d ition to p e r fo r m in g du ties o f o p e r a t o r , on a sin g le p o s i o r m o n it o r -t y p e sw itch b o a rd , a c ts a s r e c e p t io n is t and m a y a ls o o r p e r fo r m rou tin e c l e r i c a l w o r k as p a rt o f r e g u la r d u tie s . typing o r c l e r i c a l w o rk m a y take the m a jo r p a rt o f th is w o rk e r * s w h ile at s w itch b o a rd . T A B U L A T IN G -M A C H IN E O P E R A T O R O p e ra te s m a ch in e that a u to m a tica lly a n a ly z e s and tr a n s la te s in fo rm a tio n punch ed in g ro u p s o f tabu latin g c a r d s and p rin ts tr a n s la te d data on f o r m s o r a cco u n tin g r e c o r d s ; sets o r a d ju sts m a ch in e ; d o e s s im p le w irin g o f p lu g b o a rd s a c c o r d in g to e s ta b lis h e d p r a c t ic e o r d ia g r a m s ; p la c e s c a r d s to be ta bu la ted in fe e d m a g a zin e and s ta r ts m a ch in e . M ay file c a r d s a fte r they a r e ta b u la ted . M ay, in a d d itio n , o p e r a te a u x ilia r y m a c h in e s . T R A N SC R IB IN G -M A C H IN E O P E R A T O R , in clu d e d . A w o r k e r w ho ta k es d icta tio n in sh orth an d o r by Stenotype o r s im ila r m a ch in e is c la s s if i e d a s a ste n o g r a p h e r, g e n e r a l. T Y P IS T U ses a ty p e w rite r to m ake c o p ie s o f v a r io u s m a te r ia l o r to m ake out b ills a fte r c a lc u la tio n s have b een m a de by an oth er p e r s o n . M ay do c l e r i c a l w o rk in v olv in g lit tle s p e c ia l tra in in g , su ch a s k e e p ing s im p le r e c o r d s , filin g r e c o r d s and r e p o r t s o r s o rtin g and d is trib u tin g in co m in g m a il. C la s s A ----- P e r f o r m s one o r m o r e o f the fo llo w in g : T yping m a t e r ia l in fin a l fo r m fr o m v e r y rou g h and in v o lv e d d ra ft; c o p y ing fr o m plain o r c o r r e c t e d co p y in w h ich th e r e is a freq u en t and v a r ie d u se o f te c h n ic a l and unusual w o r d s o r fr o m fo r e ig n la n g u a ge c o p y ; co m b in in g m a te r ia l fr o m s e v e r a l s o u r c e s , o r planning la you t o f c o m p lic a te d s t a t is t ic a l ta b le s to m ain tain uni fo r m it y and b a la n ce in sp a cin g ; typing ta b le s fr o m rou g h d ra ft in fin a l fo r m . M ay type rou tin e fo r m le t t e r s , v a ry in g d e ta ils to suit c ir c u m s t a n c e s . GENERAL P r im a r y duty is to tr a n s c r ib e d ic ta tio n in v o lv in g a n o r m a l rou tin e v o c a b u la r y fr o m tr a n s c r ib in g m a ch in e r e c o r d s . M ay a ls o type fr o m w ritte n c o p y and do s im p le c l e r i c a l w o r k . W o r k e r s tr a n s c r ib in g d icta tio n in v olv in g a v a r ie d te c h n ic a l o r s p e c ia liz e d v o c a b u la r y su ch a s le g a l b r ie fs o r r e p o r t s on s c ie n t ific r e s e a r c h a r e not Professional DRAFTSM AN, JUNIOR (A s sis ta n t d ra fts m a n ) D ra w s to s c a le units o r p a rts o f d ra w in g s p r e p a r e d by d r a ft s m an o r o th e r s fo r e n g in e e r in g , c o n s tr u c tio n , o r m a n u fa ctu rin g p u r poses. U ses v a r io u s ty p es o f d ra ftin g t o o ls as r e q u ir e d . M ay p r e pa re d raw in gs fr o m sim p le plans o r s k e tc h e s , o r p e r fo r m oth er d u ties under d ir e c tio n o f a d r a fts m a n . DRAFTSM AN, LEADER P la n s and d ir e c t s a c t iv it ie s o f on e o r m o r e d r a fts m e n in p rep a ra tion o f w ork in g plans and d eta il d ra w in g s fr o m rou g h o r p r e lim in a r y sk e tch e s fo r e n g in e e r in g , c o n s tr u c tio n , o r m a n u fa ctu rin g p u r p o s e s . D uties in v o lv e a co m b in a tio n o f the fo llo w in g : In terp retin g b lu e p rin ts , sk e tch e s , and w ritten o r v e r b a l o r d e r s ; d e te rm in in g w o rk p r o c e d u r e s ; a s sig n in g d u ties to su b o rd in a te s and in s p e c tin g th eir w o rk ; p e r fo r m in g m o r e d iffic u lt p r o b le m s . M ay a s s i s t su b o r d in a te s during G E N E R A L -----Continued C la s s B ---- P e r f o r m s on e o r m o r e o f the fo llo w in g : T yping fr o m r e la t iv e ly c le a r o r ty p ed d r a fts ; rou tin e typing o f fo r m s , in s u r a n c e p o lic ie s , e t c . , settin g up s im p le stan dard ta b u la tion s, o r c o p y in g m o r e c o m p le x ta b le s a lr e a d y set up and sp a c e d p r o p e r ly . and Technical DRAFTSM AN, L E A D E R ------C on tinu ed e m e r g e n c ie s o r as a r e g u la r a s sig n m e n t, o r p e r fo r m r e la t e d duties o f a s u p e r v is o r y o r a d m in is tra tiv e n a tu re. DRAFTSM AN, SENIOR P r e p a r e s w ork in g plans and d e ta il d ra w in gs fr o m n o te s, rou g h o r d e ta ile d sk e tch e s fo r e n g in e e r in g , c o n s tr u c tio n , o r m anu fa ctu rin g p u r p o s e s . D uties in v o lv e a c o m b in a tio n o f the fo llo w in g : P r e p a r in g w ork in g p la n s, d e ta il d ra w in g s , m a p s, c r o s s - s e c t i o n s , e t c . , to s c a le by use o f draftin g in s tru m e n ts ; m akin g en g in eerin g com p u ta tio n s su ch a s th o se in v o lv e d in stren g th o f m a t e r ia ls , b e a m s and t r u s s e s ; v e r ify in g c o m p le t e d w o rk , ch eck in g d im e n s io n s , m a te r ia ls to be u s e d , and q u a n tities; w ritin g s p e c ific a t io n s ; m aking a d ju stm en ts o r ch a n g e s in d ra w in g s o r s p e c ific a t io n s . M ay ink in lin e s and le t te r s on p e n c il d ra w in g s , p r e p a r e d e ta il units o f c o m p le te d ra w in g s , o r tr a c e d r a w in g s . W ork is fr e q u e n tly in a s p e c ia liz e d fie ld su ch as a r c h it e c t u r a l, e l e c t r ic a l, m e c h a n ic a l, or s tru c tu ra l d ra ftin g . 90 NURSE, N U RSE, IN D U STR IA L (R E G IS T E R E D ) A r e g is t e r e d n u r s e w ho g iv e s n u rsin g s e r v ic e to i l l o r ' in ju re d e m p lo y e e s o r oth er p e r s o n s who b e c o m e i l l o r s u ffe r an a c c id e n t on the p r e m is e s o f a fa c t o r y o r o th e r e s ta b lis h m e n t. D u ties in v o lv e a c o m b in a tio n o f the fo llo w in g : G iving f ir s t aid to the ill o r in ju re d ; attending to su bsequ en t d r e s s in g o f e m p lo y e e s * in ju r ie s ; k eep in g r e c o r d s o f patien ts tr e a te d ; p r e p a r in g a c c id e n t r e p o r t s fo r c o m p e n s a tio n o r oth er p u r p o s e s ; con d u ctin g p h y s ic a l ex a m in a tion s and h ealth e v a lu a tion s o f a p p lica n ts and e m p lo y e e s ; and planning and c a r r y in g out p r o g r a m s in v olv in g health ed u ca tion , a c c id e n t p r e v e n tio n , e v a lu a tion o f plant Maintenance CARPENTER, M A IN TE N A N C E P e r fo r m s the c a r p e n tr y d u ties n e c e s s a r y to c o n s tr u c t and m a in tain in g o o d r e p a ir b u ildin g w o o d w o r k and equ ip m en t su ch as bin s, c r ib s , c o u n te r s , b e n c h e s , p a rtitio n s , d o o r s , f l o o r s , s t a ir s , c a s in g s , and t r im m a d e o f w ood in an e s ta b lis h m e n t. W ork in v o lv e s m o s t o f the fo llo w in g : P lann in g and la y in g out o f w o r k fr o m b lu e p r in ts , d ra w in g s , m o d e ls , o r v e r b a l in s t r u c t io n s ; u sin g a v a r ie ty o f c a r p e n te r* s h a n d tools, p o rta b le p ow er t o o ls , and sta n d a rd m e a s u rin g in stru m e n ts ; m akin g stan dard sh op co m p u ta tio n s r e la tin g to d im e n s io n s o f w o rk ; s e le c tin g m a te r ia ls n e c e s s a r y fo r the w o r k . In g e n e r a l, the w o r k o f the m a in ten a n ce c a r p e n te r r e q u ir e s rou n d ed train in g and e x p e r ie n c e u su a lly a c q u ir e d th rou gh a fo r m a l a p p re n tice s h ip o r eq u iv a len t tr a in ing and e x p e r ie n c e . E L E C T R IC IA N , M A IN T E N A N C E P e r f o r m s a v a r ie ty o f e le c t r ic a l tra d e fu n ctio n s su ch a s the in sta lla tio n , m a in ten a n ce, o r r e p a ir o f equ ip m en t fo r the g en e ra tin g , d is tr ib u tio n , o r u tiliz a tio n o f e l e c t r i c e n e r g y in an e s ta b lis h m e n t. W o rk in v o lv e s m o s t o f the fo llo w in g : In sta llin g o r r e p a ir in g any o f a v a r ie ty o f e le c t r ic a l eq u ipm en t su ch a s g e n e r a t o r s , t r a n s fo r m e r s , s w itch b o a rd s , c o n t r o ll e r s , c ir c u it b r e a k e r s , m o t o r s , h eatin g units, con d u it s y s t e m s , o r oth er tr a n s m is s io n equ ipm en t; w ork in g fr o m b lu e p r in ts, d ra w in g s, la y ou t, o r oth er s p e c ific a t io n s ; lo c a tin g and d ia g n osin g tr o u b le in the e le c t r ic a l s y s t e m o r equ ip m en t; w ork in g stan dard com p u ta tion s r e la tin g to lo a d r e q u ir e m e n ts o f w irin g o r e le c t r ic a l equ ipm en t; usin g a v a r ie t y o f e le c tr ic ia n * s h a n d tools and m e a su rin g and testin g in s tr u m e n ts . In g e n e r a l, the w o r k o f the m a in ten an ce e le c t r ic ia n r e q u ir e s rou n d ed tra in in g and e x p e r ie n c e u su a lly a c q u ir e d th rough a fo r m a l a p p r e n tic e s h ip o r eq u iv a len t tra in in g and e x p e r ie n c e . IN D U STR IA L (R E G IS T E R E D )----- C ontinued e n v ir o n m e n t, o r oth er a c tiv it ie s sa fe ty o f a ll p e r s o n n e l. a ffe c tin g the h ealth, w e lfa r e , and TRACER C o p ie s plans and d ra w in gs p r e p a r e d by o th e r s , by pla cin g tr a c in g c lo th o r paper o v e r draw in g and tr a c in g w ith pen or p e n cil. U s e s T - s q u a r e , c o m p a s s , and oth er d ra ftin g t o o l s . M ay p r e p a r e s im p le d ra w in g s and do s im p le le t te r in g . and Powerplant E N G IN E E R , S T A T IO N A R Y O p e ra te s and m ain tain s and m a y a ls o s u p e r v is e the o p e r a tio n o f s ta tio n a ry e n g in es and eq u ipm en t (m e c h a n ica l o r e le c t r ic a l) to su p ply the e s ta b lis h m e n t in w h ich e m p lo y e d w ith p o w e r, h eat, r e f r i g e r a tion , o r a ir -c o n d it io n in g . W ork in v o lv e s : O pera tin g and m ain taining eq u ip m en t su ch a s ste a m e n g in e s, a ir c o m p r e s s o r s , g e n e r a t o r s , m o t o r s , tu r b in e s , v en tila tin g and r e fr ig e r a t in g equ ipm en t, stea m b o ile r s and b o i l e r - f e d w a ter pu m ps; m aking eq u ipm en t r e p a ir s ; keepin g a r e c o r d o f o p e r a tio n o f m a c h in e r y , te m p e ra tu re , and fu el c o n s u m p tion . M ay a ls o s u p e r v is e th ese o p e r a t io n s . H ead o r c h ie f e n g in e e r s in e s ta b lis h m e n ts em p loy in g m o r e than one en g in eer a r e e x c lu d e d . F IR E M A N , S T A T IO N A R Y B O IL E R F ir e s sta tio n a ry b o ile r s to fu rn ish the e s ta b lis h m e n t in w hich e m p lo y e d w ith heat, p o w e r, o r s te a m . F e e d s fu e ls to f ir e by hand o r o p e r a t e s a m e c h a n ic a l s to k e r , g a s , o r o il b u r n e r ; c h e c k s w ater and s a fe ty v a lv e s . M ay cle a n , o il, o r a s s is t in r e p a ir in g b o i le r r o o m eq u ip m en t. H ELPER, TR A D E S, M A IN TE N A N C E A s s is t s one o r m o r e w o r k e r s in the s k ille d m a in ten an ce tr a d e s , b y p e r fo r m in g s p e c ific o r g e n e r a l du ties o f le s s e r s k ill, such as k eep in g a w o r k e r su p p lied w ith m a te r ia ls and to o ls ; clea n in g w o r k ing a r e a , m a ch in e , and equ ipm en t; a s s is tin g w o rk e r by h oldin g m a t e r ia ls o r t o o ls ; p e r fo r m in g oth er u n s k ille d ta sk s as d ir e c te d by jo u r n eym a n . The kind o f w o rk the h e lp e r is p e r m itte d to p e r fo r m v a r ie s fr o m tr a d e to tra d e : In s o m e tr a d e s the h e lp e r is co n fin e d to su p p ly in g , lift in g , and h oldin g m a te r ia ls and to o ls and clea n in g w ork in g a r e a s ; an d in o th e r s he is p e r m itte d to p e r fo r m s p e c ia liz e d m a ch in e o p e r a t io n s , o r p a rts o f a trad e that a r e a ls o p e r fo r m e d by w o r k e r s on a fu ll- t i m e b a s i s . 91 M A C H IN E -T O O L O P E R A T O R , TO O LR O O M S p e c ia liz e s in the o p e r a tio n o f one o r m o r e ty p es o f m a ch in e to o ls , su ch as jig b o r e r s , c y lin d r ic a l o r s u r fa c e g r in d e r s , en gin e la th es, o r m illin g m a ch in e s in the c o n s tr u c tio n o f m a c h in e -s h o p to o ls , g a u ges, ji g s , fix tu r e s , o r d ie s . W ork in v o lv e s m o s t o f the fo llo w in g : Plann in g and p e r fo r m in g d iffic u lt m a ch in in g o p e r a t io n s ; p r o c e s s in g ite m s r e q u irin g c o m p lic a te d setup s o r a high d e g r e e o f a c c u r a c y ; using a v a r ie ty o f p r e c is io n m e a su rin g in stru m e n ts ; s e le c t in g fe e d s , sp e e d s , to o lin g and o p e r a tio n se q u e n ce ; m akin g n e c e s s a r y a d ju s t m en ts du ring o p e r a tio n to a c h ie v e r e q u is ite t o le r a n c e s o r d im e n s io n s . M ay be r e q u ir e d to r e c o g n iz e w hen to o ls n eed d r e s s in g , to d r e s s to o ls , and to s e le c t p r o p e r c o o la n ts and cutting and lu b r ic a tin g o i l s . F or c r o s s -in d u s t r y w age study p u r p o s e s , m a c h in e -t o o l o p e r a t o r s , t o o lr o o m , in to o l and die job b in g sh op s a r e e x clu d e d fr o m th is c la s s ific a t io n . M ACHIN IST, M E C H A N IC , M A IN TE N A N C E R e p a ir s m a c h in e r y o r m e c h a n ic a l eq u ipm en t o f an e s t a b lis h m e n t. W ork in v o lv e s m o s t o f the fo llo w in g : E xam in ing m a ch in e s an d m e c h a n ic a l equ ip m en t to d ia g n o se s o u r c e o f tr o u b le ; d ism a n tlin g o r p a rtly d ism a n tlin g m a ch in e s and p e r fo r m in g r e p a ir s that m a in ly in v o lv e the u se o f h a n d tools in s c r a p in g and fittin g p a rts ; r e p la c in g b r o k e n o r d e fe c tiv e p a rts w ith it e m s ob ta in ed fr o m s to ck ; o r d e r in g the p r o d u c tio n o f a r e p la c e m e n t p a rt by a m a ch in e shop o r sending o f the m a ch in e to a m a ch in e sh op fo r m a jo r r e p a ir s ; p r e p a r in g w ritten s p e c ific a t io n s fo r m a jo r r e p a ir s o r fo r the p r o d u c tio n o f p a rts o r d e r e d f r o m m a ch in e sh op ; r e a s s e m b lin g m a c h in e s ; and m akin g a ll n e c e s s a r y a d ju stm e n ts fo r o p e r a tio n . In g e n e r a l, the w o rk o f a m a in ten a n ce m e c h a n ic r e q u ir e s rou n d ed tra in in g and e x p e r ie n c e u su a lly a c q u ir e d th rou g h a fo r m a l a p p re n tice s h ip o r eq u iv a len t tra in in g and e x p e r ie n c e . E x clu d e d fr o m th is c la s s ific a t io n a r e w o r k e r s w h ose p r im a r y d u ties in v o lv e settin g up o r ad ju stin g m a c h in e s . M A IN TE N A N C E M IL L W R IG H T P r o d u c e s r e p la c e m e n t p a rts and new p a rts in m akin g r e p a ir s o f m eta l p a rts o f m e c h a n ica l eq u ipm en t o p e r a te d in an e s ta b lis h m e n t. W ork in v o lv e s m o s t o f the fo llo w in g : In terp retin g w ritte n in s t r u c tion s and s p e c ific a t io n s ; planning and la y in g out o f w o rk ; using a v a r ie ty o f m a c h in is t s h a n d tools and p r e c is io n m e a s u rin g in stru m e n ts ; settin g up and o p e ra tin g stan d ard m a ch in e t o o ls ; shaping o f m e ta l p a rts to c lo s e t o le r a n c e s ; m akin g stan dard shop co m p u ta tio n s r e la t ing to d im e n s io n s o f w ork , to o lin g , fe e d s and s p e e d s o f m a ch in in g ; kn ow led ge o f the w ork in g p r o p e r t ie s o f the c o m m o n m e t a ls ; s e le c tin g stan dard m a t e r ia ls , p a rts, and equ ipm en t r e q u ir e d fo r h is w o rk ; fittin g and a s s e m b lin g p a rts into m e c h a n ic a l eq u ip m en t. In g e n e r a l, the m a c h in is t s w o rk n o r m a lly r e q u ir e s a rou n d ed tra in in g in m a c h in e shop p r a c tic e u su ally a c q u ir e d th rough a fo r m a l a p p r e n tic e s h ip o r equ ivalen t train in g and e x p e r ie n c e . In sta lls new m a ch in e s o r h ea v y equ ip m en t and d is m a n tle s and in s t a lls m a ch in e s o r h eav y equ ip m en t w hen ch a n g es in the plant la y ou t a r e r e q u ir e d . W o r k in v o lv e s m o s t o f the fo llo w in g : P lan n in g and la y in g out o f the w o rk ; in te r p r e tin g b lu e p r in ts o r o th e r s p e c ific a t io n s ; u sin g a v a r ie ty o f h a n d tools and r ig g in g ; m akin g sta n d a rd shop c o m p u ta tion s r e la tin g to s t r e s s e s , stren g th o f m a t e r ia ls , and c e n t e r s o f g r a v it y ; alin in g and b a la n cin g o f equ ip m en t; s e le c tin g stan dard t o o ls , eq u ip m en t, and p a rts to be u sed ; in sta llin g and m a in tain in g in g o o d o r d e r p ow er t r a n s m is s io n equ ip m en t su ch a s d r iv e s and sp e e d r e d u c e r s . In g e n e r a l, the m illw r ig h t’ s w o rk n o r m a lly r e q u ir e s a rou n ded tra in in g and e x p e r ie n c e in the tra d e a c q u ir e d th rough a fo r m a l a p p re n tic e s h ip o r eq u iv a len t tra in in g and e x p e r ie n c e . O IL E R M ECH ANIC, A U T O M O T IV E (M A IN T E N A N C E ) R e p a ir s a u to m o b ile s , b u s e s , m o t o r t r u c k s , and t r a c t o r s o f an e s ta b lis h m e n t. W ork in v o lv e s m o s t o f the fo llo w in g : E xam in in g a u tom otiv e eq u ipm en t to d ia g n o se s o u r c e o f tr o u b le ; d is a s s e m b lin g equ ipm en t and p e r fo r m in g r e p a ir s that in v o lv e the u se o f su ch h an dto o ls as w r e n c h e s , g a u g es, d r ills , o r s p e c ia liz e d eq u ipm en t in d i s a s s e m b lin g o r fittin g p a rts; r e p la c in g b r o k e n o r d e fe c tiv e p a rts fr o m sto ck ; g rin d in g and a d ju stin g v a lv e s ; r e a s s e m b lin g and in sta llin g the v a r io u s a s s e m b lie s in the v e h ic le and m akin g n e c e s s a r y a d ju stm e n ts; alin in g w h e e ls , ad ju stin g b r a k e s and lig h ts , o r tigh ten in g b od y b o lt s . In g e n e r a l, the w o rk o f the a u tom otiv e m e c h a n ic r e q u ir e s rou n d ed train in g and e x p e r ie n c e u su ally a c q u ir e d th rou gh a fo r m a l a p p r e n t ic e ship o r eq u iv a len t train in g and e x p e r ie n c e . L u b r ic a te s , w ith o il o r g r e a s e , the m ov in g p a rts o r w ea rin g s u r fa c e s o f m e c h a n ic a l equ ip m en t o f an e s ta b lis h m e n t. P A IN T E R , M A IN TE N A N C E P a in ts and r e d e c o r a t e s w a lls , w o o d w o rk , and fix tu r e s o f an e s t a b lis h m e n t. W ork in v o lv e s the fo llo w in g : K n ow ledge o f s u r fa c e p e c u lia r it ie s and ty p es o f paint r e q u ir e d lo r d iffe r e n t a p p lic a tio n s ; p r e p a r in g s u r fa c e fo r painting by r e m o v in g o ld fin is h o r by pla cin g putty o r f ill e r in n a il h o le s and in t e r s t ic e s ; ap plyin g paint w ith sp ra y gun o r b r u s h . M ay m ix c o l o r s , o ils , w hite le a d , and oth er paint in g r e d ie n ts to ob ta in p r o p e r c o lo r o r c o n s is t e n c y . In g e n e r a l, the w o r k o f the m a in ten a n ce p a in ter r e q u ir e s rou n d ed tra in in g and e x p e r ie n c e u su a lly a c q u ir e d th rou gh a fo r m a l a p p re n tice s h ip o r e q u iv a le n t tra in in g and e x p e r ie n c e . 92 P IP E F IT T E R , S H E E T -M E T A L W O R K E R , M A IN TE N A N C E In sta lls o r r e p a ir s w a te r , stea m , g a s , o r oth er ty p es o f pipe and p ip e fittin g s in an e s ta b lis h m e n t. W ork in v o lv e s m o s t o f the f o l lo w in g : L ay in g out o f w o rk and m e a s u rin g to lo c a t e p o s itio n o f pipe f r o m d ra w in g s o r oth er w ritte n s p e c ific a t io n s ; cuttin g v a r io u s s iz e s o f pipe to c o r r e c t len gth s w ith c h is e l and h a m m e r o r o x y a ce ty le n e t o r c h o r p ip e -c u ttin g m a ch in e ; th read in g pipe w ith s to c k s and d ie s ; bending pipe by h a n d -d riv e n o r p o w e r -d r iv e n m a c h in e s ; a s s e m b lin g pipe w ith co u p lin g s and fasten in g pipe to h a n g e r s; m akin g stan dard sh op com p u ta tion s re la tin g to p r e s s u r e s , flo w , and s iz e o f pipe r e q u ir e d ; m akin g stan dard te s ts to d e te rm in e w h eth er fin is h e d p ip es m e e t s p e c ific a t io n s . In g e n e r a l, the w o rk o f the m a in ten a n ce p ip e fitte r r e q u ir e s rou n d ed tra in in g and e x p e r ie n c e u su a lly a c q u ir e d th rou gh a fo r m a l a p p re n tice s h ip o r eq u iv a len t tra in in g and e x p e r ie n c e . W o r k e r s p r im a r ily en ga ged in in sta llin g and r e p a ir in g bu ildin g sa n ita tion or heating s y s te m s a r e e x c lu d e d . PLUM BER, M A IN TE N A N C E K eep s the plum bing s y s te m o f an e sta b lis h m e n t in g o o d o r d e r . W ork in v o lv e s : K n ow ledge o f sa n ita ry c o d e s r e g a r d in g in sta lla tio n o f ven ts and tra p s in plu m bin g s y s te m ; in sta llin g o r r e p a ir in g p ip es and fix tu r e s ; open in g c lo g g e d d ra in s w ith a p lu n ger o r p lu m b er*s sn ak e. In g e n e r a l, the w o r k o f the m a in ten a n ce p lu m b er r e q u ir e s rou n ded tra in in g and e x p e r ie n c e u su a lly a c q u ir e d th rou gh a fo r m a l a p p r e n t ic e ship o r eq u iv a len t tra in in g and e x p e r ie n c e . S H E E T -M E T A L W O R K E R , M A IN TE N A N C E F a b r ic a t e s , in s t a lls , and m a in tain s in g o o d r e p a ir the s h e e tm e ta l equ ipm en t and fix tu r e s (su ch a s m a ch in e g u a rd s , g r e a s e pans, s h e lv e s , l o c k e r s , tanks, v e n t ila t o r s , ch u te s , d u cts, m e ta l r o o fin g ) o f an e s ta b lis h m e n t. W ork in v o lv e s m o s t o f the fo llo w in g : P lann in g Custodial ELEVATOR OPERATOR, and T r a n s p o r ts p a s s e n g e r s b etw een f l o o r s o f an o f f ic e b u ild in g , ap a rtm en t h o u s e , d ep a rtm en t s t o r e , h o te l o r s im ila r e s ta b lis h m e n t. W o r k e r s w ho o p e r a te e le v a t o r s in c o n ju n ctio n w ith oth er d u ties su ch as th o se o f s t a r te r s and ja n ito r s a r e e x c lu d e d . G UARD P e r f o r m s rou tin e p o lic e d u ties, e ith e r at fix e d p o s t o r on tou r, m a in tain in g o r d e r , using a r m s o r f o r c e w h e re n e c e s s a r y . In e lu d e s g a tem en w ho a r e sta tion ed at gate and c h e c k on id en tity o f e m p lo y e e s and oth er p e r s o n s e n te r in g . and la yin g out a ll ty p es o f s h e e t-m e ta l m a in ten a n ce w o r k fr o m b lu e p r in ts , m o d e ls , o r oth er s p e c ific a t io n s ; settin g up and o p e ra tin g a ll a v a ila b le ty p es o f s h e e t-m e ta l-w o r k in g m a c h in e s ; using a v a r ie ty o f h a n d to o ls in cu ttin g, ben d in g , fo r m in g , sh aping, fittin g , and a s s e m b lin g ; in sta llin g s h e e t-m e ta l a r t i c le s as r e q u ir e d . In g e n e r a l, the w o r k o f the m a in ten a n ce s h e e t-m e ta l w o r k e r r e q u ir e s rou n d ed tra in in g an d e x p e r ie n c e u su a lly a c q u ir e d th rou gh a fo r m a l a p p re n tice s h ip o r eq u iv a le n t tra in in g and e x p e r ie n c e T O O L A N D DIE M A K E R (D ie m a k e r; jig m a k e r ; to o l m a k e r ; fix tu r e m a k e r ; gau ge m a k e r) C o n s tru c ts and r e p a ir s m a c h in e -s h o p t o o ls , g a u g e s , ji g s , f i x tu r e s o r d ie s fo r fo r g in g s , punching and oth er m e t a l-fo r m in g w o r k . W o r k in v o lv e s m o s t o f the fo llo w in g : P la n n in g and la yin g out o f w o rk f r o m m o d e ls , b lu e p r in ts , d r a w in g s , o r o th e r o r a l and w ritte n s p e c i f i c a tio n s ; u sing a v a r ie ty o f t o o l and d ie m a k e r 's h a n d tools and p r e c is io n m e a s u r in g in s tru m e n ts , u n d erstan din g o f the w ork in g p r o p e r t ie s o f c o m m o n m e ta ls and a llo y s ; settin g up and o p e r a tin g o f m a ch in e to o ls and r e la t e d equ ip m en t; m akin g n e c e s s a r y sh op com p u ta tion s re la tin g to d im e n s io n s o f w o rk , s p e e d s , fe e d s , and to o lin g o f m a c h in e s ; h e a ttr e a tin g o f m e ta l p a rts du rin g fa b r ic a tio n a s w e ll a s o f fin is h e d to o ls an d d ie s to a c h ie v e r e q u ir e d q u a litie s ; w ork in g to c l o s e t o le r a n c e s ; fittin g and a s s e m b lin g o f p a rts to p r e s c r i b e d t o le r a n c e s and a llo w a n c e s ; s e le c tin g a p p r o p r ia te m a t e r ia ls , t o o ls , and p r o c e s s e s . In g e n e r a l, the to o l and d ie m a k e r 's w o r k r e q u ir e s a rou n d ed train in g in m a c h in e -s h o p and t o o lr o o m p r a c t ic e u su a lly a c q u ir e d th rou gh a fo r m a l a p p r e n tic e s h ip o r eq u iv a len t tra in in g and e x p e r ie n c e . F o r c r o s s - in d u s t r y w age study p u r p o s e s , to o l and d ie m a k e r s in to o l and d ie jo b b in g sh op s a r e e x c lu d e d fr o m th is c la s s ifi c a t io n . Material PASSE N G E R M A IN T E N A N C E -----C on tinu ed Movement J A N IT O R , PORTER, OR C L E A N E R (S w e e p e r; ch a rw om a n ; ja n it r e s s ) C lea n s and k e e p s in an o r d e r l y co n d itio n fa c t o r y w ork in g a r e a s and w a s h r o o m s , o r p r e m is e s o f an o f f ic e , a p a rtm en t h ou se, o r c o m m e r c i a l o r o th e r e s ta b lis h m e n t. D u ties in v o lv e a co m b in a tio n o f the fo llo w in g : S w eepin g, m op p in g o r sc r u b b in g , and p olish in g f l o o r s ; r e m o v in g c h ip s , tr a s h , and oth er r e fu s e ; du sting equ ip m en t, fu rn itu re , o r fix tu r e s ; p o lish in g m e ta l fix tu r e s o r tr im m in g s ; p ro v id in g su p p lie s an d m in o r m a in ten a n ce s e r v ic e s ; cle a n in g la v a t o r ie s , s h o w e r s , and r e s t r o o m s . W o r k e r s w ho s p e c ia liz e in w in dow w ashin g a r e e x clu d e d . 93 LABORER, M A T E R IA L HANDLING (L o a d e r and u n loa d er; h an dler and s t a c k e r ; s h e lv e r ; tr u c k e r ; stock m a n o r s to c k h e lp e r ; w a reh ou sem a n o r w a re h o u se h e lp e r ) SH IPPIN G A N D R E C E IV IN G C L E R K -----C on tinu ed o th e r r e c o r d s ; ch eck in g fo r sh o r ta g e s and r e je c t in g da m ag ed g o o d s ; rou tin g m e r c h a n d is e o r m a te r ia ls to p r o p e r d e p a rtm e n ts; m ain taining n e c e s s a r y r e c o r d s and f i l e s . A w o rk e r e m p lo y e d in a w a r e h o u s e , m a n u factu rin g plant, s t o r e , o r oth er e sta b lis h m e n t w h ose du ties in v o lv e one or m o r e o f the fo llo w in g : L oad ing and unloading v a r io u s m a te r ia ls and m e r c h a n d is e on or fr o m fr e ig h t c a r s , tr u ck s , o r oth er tr a n sp o rtin g d e v ic e s ; unpacking, sh elv in g, o r p la cin g m a te r ia ls o r m e r c h a n d is e in p r o p e r s to ra g e lo c a tio n ; tra n sp o rtin g m a te r ia ls o r m e r c h a n d is e by h an dtruck, c a r , or w h e e lb a r r o w . L o n g s h o r e m e n , who lo a d and u nload sh ip s a r e e x clu d e d . F o r w age study p u r p o s e s , w o r k e r s a r e c la s s if i e d a s fo llo w s : R e c e iv in g c le r k Shipping c le r k Shipping and r e c e iv in g c le r k T R U C K D R IV E R O RD ER F IL L E R (O rd er p ic k e r ; s to ck s e le c t o r ; w a re h o u se stock m a n ) F ills shipping o r tr a n s fe r o r d e r s fo r fin is h e d g o o d s fr o m s to r e d m e r c h a n d is e in a c c o r d a n c e with s p e c ific a tio n s on s a le s s lip s , c u s t o m e r s 1 o r d e r s , o r oth er in s t r u c t io n s . M ay, in a d d ition to fillin g o r d e r s and in d ica tin g ite m s fille d o r o m itte d , k eep r e c o r d s o f ou t goin g o r d e r s , r e q u is itio n a d d ition a l sto ck , o r r e p o r t sh ort su p p lies to s u p e r v is o r , and p e r fo r m oth er r e la te d d u tie s . PACKER, D r iv e s a tr u ck w ith in a c ity o r in d u str ia l a r e a to tr a n s p o rt m a t e r ia ls , m e r c h a n d is e , equ ip m en t, o r m en b etw een v a r io u s ty p es o f e s ta b lis h m e n ts su ch a s : M an u factu rin g pla n ts, fr e ig h t d e p o ts, w a r e h o u s e s , w h o le s a le and r e ta il e s ta b lis h m e n ts , o r b etw een r e t a il e s t a b lis h m e n ts and c u s t o m e r s ’ h o u s e s o r p la c e s o f b u s in e s s . M ay a ls o lo a d o r u n loa d tr u ck w ith o r w ithout h e lp e r s , m ake m in o r m e c h a n ica l r e p a ir s , and keep tr u ck in g o o d w ork in g o r d e r . D r iv e r -s a l e s m e n and o v e r - t h e - r o a d d r iv e r s a r e e x c lu d e d . F o r w age study p u r p o s e s , t r u c k d r iv e r s a r e c la s s if i e d by s iz e and type o f equ ipm en t, as fo llo w s : ( T r a c t o r -t r a i l e r sh ou ld be ra te d on the b a s is o f t r a ile r c a p a c it y .) SHIPPING P r e p a r e s fin ish e d p ro d u cts fo r sh ipm en t o r s to ra g e by p la cin g th em in shipping c o n ta in e r s , the s p e c ific o p e r a tio n s p e r fo r m e d being dependent upon the type, s iz e , and n u m ber o f units to be pa ck ed , the type o f co n ta in e r e m p lo y e d , and m eth od o f sh ip m en t. W ork r e q u ir e s the p la cin g o f ite m s in shipping c o n ta in e rs and m a y in v o lv e one or m o r e o f the fo llo w in g : K now ledge o f v a r io u s ite m s o f s to c k in o r d e r to v e r ify con ten t; s e le c t io n o f a p p ro p r ia te type and s iz e o f c o n ta in e r; in se r tin g e n c lo s u r e s in c o n ta in e r; using e x c e ls io r o r oth er m a te r ia l to p reven t b rea k a g e o r d a m ag e; c lo s in g and sea lin g c o n ta in e r; applying la b e ls o r en terin g id en tifyin g data on c o n ta in e r. P a c k e r s w ho a ls o m ake w ood en b o x e s o r c r a te s a r e e x clu d e d . T r u c k d r iv e r (co m b in a tio n o f s iz e s lis te d s e p a r a te ly ) T r u c k d r iv e r , ligh t (under IV 2 ton¥) T r u c k d r iv e r , m ed iu m ( 1 V2 to and in clu d in g 4 ton s) T r u c k d r iv e r , h eav y (o v e r 4 ton s, t r a ile r type^) Truckdriver, heavy (over 4 tons, other than trailer type) TRUCKER, O p e ra te s a m a n u ally c o n t r o lle d g a s o lin e - o r e le c t r ic - p o w e r e d tru ck o r tr a c to r to tr a n s p o r t g o o d s and m a te r ia ls o f a ll kinds about a w a r e h o u s e , m a n u fa ctu rin g plant, o r oth er e s ta b lis h m e n t. SHIPPING AN D R E C E IV IN G C L E R K tru ck , P r e p a r e s m e r c h a n d is e fo r sh ipm en t, o r r e c e iv e s and is r e s p o n s ib le fo r in co m in g sh ipm ents o f m e r c h a n d is e o r oth er m a t e r ia ls . Shipping w o rk in v o lv e s ; A kn ow led ge o f shipping p r o c e d u r e s , p r a c t ic e s , r o u te s , a v a ila b le m ea n s o f tr a n sp o rta tio n and r a t e s ; and p r e pa rin g r e c o r d s o f the g o o d s sh ipped, m akin g up b ills o f la din g, p o s t ing w eigh t and shipping c h a r g e s , and keepin g a file o f shipping r e c o r d s . M ay d ir e c t o r a s s is t in p rep a rin g the m e r c h a n d is e fo r sh ip m en t. R e c e iv in g w o rk in v o lv e s : V e r ify in g o r d ir e c tin g others in v e r ify in g the c o r r e c t n e s s o f sh ipm en ts ag a in st bills* o f la d in g, in v o ic e s , or PO W E R F o r w age study p u r p o s e s , w o r k e r s a r e c la s s ifi e d by type o f a s fo llo w s : T ru ck er, T ru ck er, pow er (fo r k lift) p ow er (oth er than fo r k lift) W ATCHMAN M akes rou n d s o f p r e m is e s p e r io d ic a lly in p r o te c tin g p r o p e r ty a g a in st f i r e , th eft, and ille g a l e n tr y . ☆ U. S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE: 1959 0 -532503 Occupational Wage Survey la s t o f th is c a te g o r ie s : m a in te n a n c e and in fo r m a tio n O ffic e p o w e r p la n t , on c le r ic a l, and s tu d ie s 1 9 5 8 -5 9 . about The 60 jo b s p r o fe s s io n a l c u s to d ia l and and m a t e r ia l m ov em en t. ever e a r n in g s p o s s ib le p u b lic c la s s e s by u t ilit ie s , m a jo r fo r e a c h jo b , in d u s tr y d iv is io n , fin a n c e , tra d e , A ls o p re se n te d averages and and d is tr ib u tio n s in fo r m a tio n and s c h e d u le d m um are S t. L o u is , w e e k ly h ou rs; in c lu d in g w h er m a n u fa c t u r in g , fo r a l l a r e a s e x c e p t A t la n t a , D e n v e r , M e m p h is , are d a ta h e a lth , en tra n ce ra tes fo r w om en T he areas covered , as p r o v id e d s e r v ic e s . M ilw a u k e e , M in n e a p o lis -S t . P a u l, N e w a r k -J e r s e y P o r tla n d , is o f w ork fo r p a id in s u r a n c e , o ffic e su rvey C ity , N e w h o lid a y s ; and p a id p e n s io n O rle a n s , v a c a tio n s ; p la n s ; m in i w ork ers; and s h ift d iffe r e n t ia ls . d a te , b u lle tin n u m b er, an d p r ic e fo llo w s : - by a r e a w id e o f L a b o r S ta tis tic s ers to B u rea u In a d d it io n CO G U ’a o u g o B g co o .« G .§ S s* <L> *-* A <L> CO <U „ is +j ^ Z o n e _______________S t a t e t e c h n ic a l, several e a r n in g s w in t e r 9, G a. fro m p r o v id e th e 1 , N .Y . b u lle tin s d u r in g S tr e e t, N E ., A tla n ta s e le c te d w ere P e a ch tre e in d iv id u a l and 1371 areas 10, M ass. con d u cted 21 Y ork cover A v en u e, N ew th e N in t h r e le a s e d 341 has s u r v e y s fo r m a jo r la b o r m a r k e t s . T h e B oston o f L a b o r S ta tis tic s O liv e r S tr e e t, B u rea u y e a r’ s o c c u p a tio n a l w a g e 18 T he u <U T3 U| O a w 4u-1 6 C/D g <u < oa 4-1 co co G CD g & CO V\ O O ro r—I VO (D C e n ts A u gu st 1 2 4 0 -2 25 O ctob er ------------------------------------------------- 1958 1958 B u f f a l o ------------------------------------------------- S ep tem b er C h ic a g o ______________________________ 1958 1 2 4 0 -6 25 1 2 4 0 -3 25 A p r il 1 9 5 9 1 2 4 0 -1 8 25 D a lla s ------------------------------------------------- O ctob er 1 2 4 0 -5 25 D enver ----------------------------- D ecem ber 1958 1 2 4 0 -7 20 D e tr o it ------------------------------------------------- -------------- Jan u ary L a w r e n c e -------------------------------------------- M ay L os M arch A n g e le s -L o n g B ea ch — 1958 1959 1959 1959 1 2 4 0 -1 2 25 1 2 4 0 -2 1 25 1 2 4 0 -1 5 25 1 2 4 0 -1 0 20 M e m p h i s ---------------------------------------------- Jan u ary M ilw a u k e e A p r il 1 9 5 9 1 2 4 0 -1 6 20 Jan u ary 1 2 4 0 -1 1 20 1 2 4 0 -9 20 1 2 4 0 -1 4 20 ----------------------------------------- M in n e a p o lis -S t . N e w a rk -J e rs e y P a u l ---------------C ity -------------- N ew O r l e a n s ------------------------------------- N ew Y ork C i t y ------------------------------- 1959 1959 D ecem ber F eb ru a ry 1959 A p r il 1 9 5 9 1 2 4 0 -1 7 25 1 2 4 0 -8 30 A p r il 1 9 5 9 1 2 4 0 -2 0 20 Jan u ary 1 2 4 0 -1 3 25 P h i l a d e l p h i a ------------------------------------ N ovem ber P o r tla n d San (O r e g .) --------------------------- F r a n c i s c o - O a k l a n d ----------- S t. L o u is S e a ttle ----------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------- 1958 O ctob er A u gu st 1958 1959 1958 1958 1 2 4 0 -4 15 1 2 4 0 -1 25 -Q 6 G G (D G CQ 2 5 , D .C . B a l t i m o r e -------------------------------------------B oston T3 G OS W a s h in g to n 20 or 1 2 4 0 -1 9 O ffic e A p r il 1 9 5 9 G o v e r n m e n t P r in t in g ------------------------------------------------- S u p e r in te n d e n t o f D o c u m e n ts A tla n ta G <U U u 1) T3 G TJ <L> CO O u G W Oh CD > I 4-1 G <D * H a, o u <D a T3 G QJ CO <L) CO G <D 04 CO CO OJ a 25 'G T3 U
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