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Wages and Related Benefits 1 9 5 6 -5 7 Earnings Trends Intercity Com parisons Occupational Earnings Supplem entary Practices Bulletin No. 1202 UNITED STATES DEPARTM ENT OF LABOR James P. Mitchell, Secretary BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS O Ewan Clague, Commissioner 4 4 Wages and Related Benefits 17 LABOR MARKETS 1956-57 0 Ea rn in gs T re n d s 0 Intercity C o m p a riso n s S O c cu p a tio n a l Ea rnings # S u p p le m e n t a r y Practices Bulletin No. 1202 UN ITED STA TES DEPARTM ENT OF LABOR James P. Mitchell, Secretary BUREA U O F LA B O R S TA TIS TIC S Ew an Cl ague, Commissioner November 1957 Fo r sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U . S. Government Printing O ffic e , W ashington 2 5 , D . C. Price 50 cents Preface Contents Page The Community Wage Survey Program The U. S. Department of Labor*s Bureau of Labor Sta tistics regu larly conducts areawide wage surveys in a number of important industrial centers. The studies, made from late fa ll to early spring, provide data on occupational earnings and related supplementary benefits. A prelim inary report is availa ble on completion of the study in each area, usually in the month following the payroll period studied. The prelim in ary report is supplied free of charge. This is followed within 2 months by an area summary bulletin (for sale) that provides additional data not included in the e a rlie r report. These include: F or each occupation—areawide and selected indus try-group average earnings and employment and d is tri butions of workers by earnings intervals. F o r each related ("frin g e ") benefit and supple m entary wage practice— selective distributions of f r e quency of the practice and service requirements (where pertinent) by areawide and industry-group proportions of office and plant workers to whom applicable. A scope table— showing the number of establish ments in scope, the number studied, and corresponding office and plant worker employment, in the area and industry groups, as defined. This consolidated bulletin summarizes and analyzes the results of the individual area bulletins fo r the surveys made during late 1956 and early 1957. A list of the bulletins for the areas surveyed appears on the last page. Introduction ________________ _______ „____________________________________ In d u strial com position of the 17 a r e a s _________________________ C o m p a ra b ility of a re a d a t a ________________________________________ S u m m a r y _________________________________________________________________ T re n d s of occupational earn in gs, 1953-57 _________________________ M ovem ent of w a g e s, a ll in d u stries, 1956-57 _________________ M ovem ent of w a g e s, a ll in d u stries, 1953-57 _________________ C o v e ra g e and method of computing the indexes ______________ L im itatio n s of the d a t a _____________________________________________ Wage d iffe re n c e s am ong la b o r m ark ets ___________________________ Method of computing a r e a r e l a t i v e s _____________________________ In te ra re a c o m p a r is o n s _____________________________________________ Job groups ________________________________________________________ Industry grou ps __ O ccupational earn in gs __ W omen*s office occupations ______________________________________ M en*s office occupations __________________________________________ P r o fe s s io n a l and technical occupations ________________________ Skilled m aintenance w o r k e r s _____________________________________ C u sto d ial and m a t e ria l m ovem ent occupations ________________ Interindu stry c o m p a r is o n s ________________________________________ E stablish m en t p ra c tic e s and supplem entary w age p ro v isio n s _ _ Introduction __________________________________________________________ L a b o r-m a n a g e m e n t agreem en t co v erage _______________________ M inim um entrance ra tes fo r office w o rk e rs ___________________ Scheduled w o rk w eek s _______________________________________________ W orkw eeks under 40 hours ___________________________________ W orkw eeks o ver 40 hours ____________________________________ L a te -s h ift pay p ro v isio n s (m an u facturin g) _____________________ P a id holidays ________________________________________________________ T o tal holiday t i m e _______________________________________________ P a id v a c a t io n s _______________________________________________________ H ealth and in su ran ce plans _______________________________________ R etirem en t plans ___________________________________________________ 1 1 2 5 7 7 7 8 8 13 13 13 13 14 17 17 17 17 17 18 18 35 35 35 36 36 36 36 36 38 38 39 40 41 C h arts: 1. 2. 3. 4. R elative em ploym ent in selected industry d iv isio n s, 17 la b o r m ark ets ___________________________________________ R elative em ploym ent in selected m anufacturing industry d iv isio n s, 17 la b o r m a r k e t s _____________________ P ro p o rtio n s of office and plant w o rk e rs subject to the p ro v isio n s of hospitalizatio n and s u rg ic a l in su ran ce plan s, 17 la b o r m a rk e ts, w in ter 1952-53 and w in ter 1956-57 _______________________________________________ P ro p o rtio n s of office and plant w o r k e r s subject to the p ro v isio n s of m ed ica l in su ran ce and re tirem en t pension plans, 17 la b o r m ark ets, w in ter 1952-53 and w in ter 1956-57 _______________________________________________ 3 4 42 43 Contents - Continued Contents - Continued Page P a ge Tables: - Continued T a b le s : T re n d s of occupational earn in gs: 1. W age in dexes, office and plant _______________________________ 2. P e rc e n t in c re a s e , office and plant __________________________ 3. P a y r o ll p e rio d s c o v e r e d _______________________________________ 9 10 11 W age d iffe re n c e s am ong la b o r m ark ets: 4. In te ra re a pay co m p a riso n s, office w o r k e r s _______________ 5. In te ra re a pay c o m p a riso n s, plant w o r k e r s ________________ 15 15 A. B. O ccupational earn in gs: A v e ra g e w eek ly earn in gs fo r selected office occupations A - 1: A l l in d u stries __________________________________________ A - 2: M an ufactu rin g _________________________________________ A - 3: N on m anufacturing _____________________________________ A - 4: P u b lic utilities _________________________________________ A - 5: W h o lesale trad e ________________________________________ A - 6: R e ta il trad e ____________________________________________ A - 7: Finance _______________ A - 8: S e r v i c e s _________________________________________________ 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 A v e r a g e h o u rly earn in gs fo r selected plant occupations A - 9: A l l in d u s t r i e s _____ _______ A - 10: M an u factu rin g _____ A - 11: N onm anufacturing _____________________________________ A - 12: P u b lic utilities _________________________________________ A - 13: W h o lesale trade ________________________________________ A - 14: R e ta il trad e ____________________________________________ A - 15: Finance __________________________________________________ A - 16: S e r v i c e s _________________________________________________ 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 33 E stab lish m en t p ra c tic e s and supplem entary w age p ro v isio n s: B - 1: L a b o r-m a n a g e m e n t agreem en t co v erage _________ 44 M in im um entrance ra tes fo r wom en office w o r k e r s B -2 : A l l in d u stries __________________________________________ B -3 : M anufactu ring __________________________________________ 45 46 Schedules B-4: B - 5: B -6: B -7: B -8: B -9: B - 10: weekly hours A ll industries _______________________________________ Manufacturing _______________________________________ Public utilities ______________________________________ Wholesale trade _____________________________________ Retail trade _________________________________________ Finance ______________________________________________ Services ____________________________________________ 47 48 49 50 50 51 51 Shift differentials, manufacturing B - 11: P r o v is io n s ___________________________________________ B -12: Practices ____________________________________________ 52 53 Paid holidays B - 13: A ll industries _______________________________________ B - 13a: Paid holiday time ___________________________________ B - 14: Manufacturing _______________________________________ B - 15: Public utilities ______________________________________ B - 16: Wholesale trade _____________________________________ B - 17; Retail trade _________________________________________ B - 18: Finance ______________________________________________ B- 19: Services _____________________________________________ 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 Paid vacations B-20: A ll industries __________________ B -2 1: Manufacturing _______________________________________ B -22: Public utilities _______________________________________ B -23: Wholesale trade _____________________________________ B -24: Retail trade _________________________________________ B-25: Finance ______________________________________________ B -26: Services _____________________________________________ 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 Health, insurance, and pension plans B -27: A ll industries _______________________________________ B -28: Manufacturing ______________________________________ B -29: Public utilities ______________________________________ B - 30: Whole sale trade _____________________________________ B - 31: Retail trade _________________________________________ B-32: Finance ______________________________________________ B -33: Services _____________________________________________ 69 70 71 72 73 74 74 Appendixes: A: Occupational earnings - Milwaukee and St. Louis ____________ B: Scope and method of survey ________________________________ C: Occupational descriptions _________________________________ 75 76 79 Wages and Related Benefits, 17 LaBor Markets, 1956-571 Introduction The la rg e s t a r e a la b o r fo rc e (N e w Y o rk C ity p r o p e r ) is m o re than 2 0 tim es the size of that in either of the sm a lle s t a r e a s (M em ph is and B irm in g h a m ), and m o re than 10 tim es as la rg e a s that in either A tlanta, D a lla s , P o rtlan d (O r e g .) , o r Seattle. The 3 la rg e s t a r e a s studied— C h icago , L o s A n g e le s -L o n g B each , and New Y o rk C ity — account fo r m o re than h alf of both the m anufacturing and the nonm anu facturing em ploym ent in the 17 a r e a s com bined. The U . S. D epartm ent of L a b o r*s B u re a u of L a b o r Statistics conducted s u rv ey s of occupational earn in gs and re la te d p ra c tic e s in 17 im portant la b o r m ark et a r e a s during late 1956 and e a r ly 1957.2 These studies w e r e p art of a continuing p ro g ra m design ed to m eet a variety of go vernm ental and nongovernm ental needs fo r in form ation on occupational earn in gs, establish m ent p ra c tic e s, and re lated w age p r o v isio n s. Occupations com m on to a v ariety of m anufacturing and non m anufacturing in d u stries a re studied on a com m unitywide b a s is in selected a r e a s . The a r e a su rvey s p rovide earn in gs data fo r the f o l low ing types of occupations: (a ) O ffice c le ric a l; (b ) p ro fe s s io n a l and technical; (c ) m aintenance and pow erplant; and (d) custodial and m a te ria l m ovem ent. Data a r e a lso collected and su m m ariz ed on shift operations and d iffe re n tia ls , w eek ly w o rk schedules, and supplem en ta ry w age ben efits such as paid vacations and paid h o lid ay s. These data, p resen ted in detail in the individual a r e a bu lletin s, a re sum m a riz e d and an aly zed in this bulletin. 3 In d u strial C om p osition of the The 17 a r e a s co v ered by this re p o rt had a com bined popu lation of about 35 m illio n in 1950— n e a rly a fourth of the Nation1s total. Sixteen States a re re p resen te d , p erm itting som e exam ination of in te rre g io n a l as w e ll a s in tra re g io n a l v ariatio n s in pay le v e ls and asso c ia te d p ra c tic e s. E ach of the detailed a r e a bulletin s p resen ts are a w id e in fo rm a tion com bining data fo r s ix m a jo r industry grou pin gs. Separate data fo r each industry group a re pro vid ed w h ere fe a s ib le , depending la r g e ly on the relative size and im portance of the industry group within a given a r e a . Thus, the sam pling techniques perm itted computation of separate data fo r m anufacturing and public utilities in each of the 17 a r e a s ; re ta il trade and finance in 11; w h o lesale trade in 10; and s e rv ic e s in 5. The individual industry division s have about the sam e r e la tive im portance in the 17 a r e a s a s a group as in the Nation as a whole (ch art l ) . A m ong the 17 a r e a s , the in d u strial com position of the in dividual a r e a s v a r ie s substantially. The establish m en ts within the scope of the su rvey s in the 17 a r e a s p ro vid ed em ploym ent to an estim ated 7 m illio n w o r k e r s , of whom 5.7 m illio n w e r e plant and office w o r k e r s , a s defined on page 76. In each of th ree a r e a s — B u ffa lo , C lev e lan d , and P ittsb u rg h — m o re w o rk e rs a re em ployed in m anufacturing in d u stries than in a ll nonm anufacturing industry grou ps com bined. N e a rly h alf of the la b o r fo rc e in P h ilad e lp h ia and C h icago is em ployed in m anufacturing (chart l). On the other hand, Seattle, P o rtlan d ( O r e g . ), M em ph is, A tlanta, D a lla s , and San F r a n c is c o -O a k la n d a r e a r e a s in w hich m anufacturing em p lo y ment is re la tiv e ly le s s im portant, em ploying ap p ro x im ately a th ird of the la b o r fo rc e . M o r e o v e r, in the latter four a r e a s , em ploym ent in m anufacturing establish m en ts is le s s than in w h o lesale and re tail trad e esta blish m en ts. 1 P r e p a r e d by Otto H o llb e rg and H e rb e rt Schaffer in the D ivisio n of W ages and In d u strial R elations of the B u re a u of L a b o r Statistics. A r e a studies w e r e su p ervised by the B u r e a u s R egio n al W age A n a ly sts . 2 Since 1948, the B u re a u has conducted 1 o r m o re are a w id e surveys in 51 la b o r m a rk e ts. The e a r lie s t su rvey s co vered office w o rk e rs only. Surveys coverin g both o ffice and plant w o rk e rs w e re conducted in 40 a r e a s in late 1951 and e a r ly 1952; in 20 a r e a s in 1952-53; and in 17 a r e a s in each of the last 4 y e a r s . Some a r e a s a re studied annually and others b ien n ially . A listin g of a r e a re p o rts issu e d p re v io u sly , including item s co vered , is a v a ila b le in D ire c to ry of Com m unity W age Su rveys; copies a re a v a ila b le upon requ est fro m the U. S. D epartm ent of L a b o r , B u re a u of L a b o r Statistics, W ashington 25, D . C . , or fro m any of its 5 re gio n al o ffic e s . 3 See listin g of occupational w age su rvey bulletin s on last page. 17 A r e a s S im ila r em ploym ent v ariatio n s a re evident am ong the co m ponents of the b ro a d in dustry d iv isio n s. Thus, m arked d iffe re n c e s am ong the a r e a s a re shown in re lativ e em ploym ent in the v ario u s industry grou ps within the m anufacturing division (chart 2). The (i) 2 group of re la te d in d u stries with the la rg e s t segm ent of the m anu facturin g la b o r fo rc e in m ost a r e a s w a s m ade up of m etals and m e t a l w o rk in g fir m s . The stron gest concentrations of em ploym ent in these m anufacturing in d u strie s, rangin g fro m m o re than 50 to 75 percent, a r e found in P ittsb u rgh , C leve lan d , B irm in gh am , Seattle, B u ffalo , L o s A n g e le s -L o n g B each , and C h icago . T hose a r e a s showing the w eak est concentrations of em ploym ent in the m etal in d u stries (le s s than th re e -te n th s ) a re P o rtla n d (O re g . ), M em p h is, A tlanta, and N ew Y o rk C ity . The latter two a r e a s showed la r g e r p ro po rtio n s of e m ploym ent in the te x tiles and a p p a re l in d u stries than in the m etals and m etal produ cts in d u stries. C o m p a ra b ility of A r e a Data A re a w id e (a ll in d u strie s ) estim ate s of wage, le v e ls and r e lated p ra c tic e s a r e affected to som e extent by the in d u strial com po sition of an a r e a . The pro po rtio n of em ploym ent accounted fo r, both by the re sp ective b ro ad industry d iv ision s and th eir subgro up s, v a r ie s c o n sid erab ly fro m a r e a to a r e a . The estim ate s m ust, th e re fo re , be viewed in te rm s of these in te ra re a d iffe re n c e s . In a few a r e a s , a d d i tional lim itations on a r e a - t o - a r e a co m p ariso n s a r is e fro m incom plete co verage of certain in du stries; these a re indicated in the footnotes to the table in appendix B on page 78. 3 Chart I. RELATIVE EMPLOYMENT IN 6 INDUSTRY DIVISIONS 17 LABO R M A R K E TS UNITED STATES 17 AREAS COMBINED Buffalo Cleveland Pittsburgh Philadelphia Chicago Los Angeles-Long Beach Birmingham Boston Minneapolis-St. Paul Kansas City New York City Seattle Memphis Portland (Oreg.) Atlanta Dallas San Francisco-Oakland M a n u fa c tu rin g C o n stru c tio n , Fin a n c e , P ub lic U t il it ie s , and S e rv ic e T ra d e Source: County Business Patterns, U.S. Department of Commerce. Employment in first quarter UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF LABOR BUREAU OF LABOR SIA TISTIC S of 1953 under Old-Age and Survivors Insurance Program. 4 Chart 2. RELATIVE EMPLOYMENT IN SELECTED MANUFACTURING INDUSTRY DIVISIONS 17 LABO R M A R K E TS PERCENT 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 UNITED STATES 17 AREAS COMBINED Pittsburgh Cleveland Birmingham Seattle Buffalo Los Angeles-Long Beach Chicago Dallas Kansas City Minneapolis-St. Paul San Francisco-Oakland Philadelphia Boston Portland (Oreg.) Memphis Atlanta New York City ■ | H H IH H UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF LABOR BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS M e ta ls and M e ta l P ro d u c ts W W W C T M a n u fa c tu rin g O th e r T h a n M e ta ls , w W w f l M e ta l P ro d u c ts , T e x t ile s and A p p a re l F77777771 T e x t ile s and v////o/2i A p p a re l Source: County Business Patterns. U.S. Department of Commerce, Employment in first quarter of 1953 under Old-Age and Survivors Insurance Program. 5 Summary A continued rise in wage rates during the previous year was reflected by the occupational wage studies conducted in 17 m ajor labor markets during the winter of 1956-57. Supplementary benefits, also, w ere generally made available to increased proportions of workers. Of the 17 areas, 10 that had been surveyed approximately a year ea rlie r (winter 1955-56) provide earnings comparisons fo r 4 selected skill-occupational groupings. Over approximately 12 months, all-industry average weekly or hourly earnings for these groups in creased by amounts ranging from 2.1 to 7. 5 percent in individual areas. Simple, 10-area averages of the increases indicate a wage rise of approximately 5 percent for each of the 4 groups. Sim ilarly, simple averages of Bureau area indexes for these groupings in 14 areas affording comparison, indicate that earnings in each group advanced approximately 20 percent in the 4 years between 1953 and 1957. How ever, among the individual groups there was a diversity of "4 -y e a r" increases that ranged, among areas, between 14.4 and 28.6 percent. The greatest variation in wage rise among areas Occurred in the unskilled worker group— due partly, in a few areas, to the March 1, 1956, adjustment of rates to the $1 Federal minimum wage. A verage earnings in individual occupations were generally higher in manufacturing than in nonmanufacturing industries in the 17 areas. Earnings in some occupations, however, averaged higher in one or m ore nonmanufacturing groupings, most frequently public utilities and wholesale trade. Among areas, occupational earn ings tended to be higher in the la rg er western and North Central areas and lowest in southern areas. Office and maintenance jobs showed much less geographical variation, as measured by the range between the areas of highest and lowest pay, than did custodial and m aterial movement jobs. The wage spreads between the highest and lowest pay areas for both maintenance and custodial workers w ere markedly greater in the combined nonmhnufacturing industries than in manufacturing. A 40-hour workweek applied to a m ajority of women office workers in almost all areas. N early a ll of the remainder worked few er than 40 hours, 37Va hours being the most usual schedule. Less than 40-hour schedules for office workers w ere found m ore often in nonmanufacturing industries than in manufacturing. At least 4 out of eve ry 5 plant workers in a m ajority of the areas worked 40 hours a week. Most other plant workers had schedules of m ore than 40 hours. The great m ajority of manufacturing workers w ere employed in firm s that have premium pay provisions for late-sh ift work, commonly a uniform cents-per-hour addition to firs t-s h ift rates. In terms of those employed, from about a seventh to a third of the workers w ere actually working on late shifts at the time of the survey. Six paid full-day holidays was the most common provision in a m ajority of the areas fo r both office and plant w orkers. Seven days was the next most common provision. One or m ore paid half holidays in addition to the full-day holidays w ere a frequent provision in most areas. When half-day holidays are combined with the full days to a rrive at estimated total holiday time, 6 and 7 days remain the 2 most common provisions fo r office and plant workers. Vacation pay is almost universally available in the industries and areas surveyed, often after as little as 6 months1 service, and, to the extent of a week’ s pay, to virtually all workers after 1 year*s service. A lm ost as many may qualify fo r 2 weeks* pay after 5 ye a rs1 service. Three or more weeks* pay is available to a fourth after 10 years and to almost three-fourths after 15 years in most areas. Every fourth office worker and 1 out of every 7 plant workers in a m ajority of the areas can receive 4 w eeks1pay after 25 y e a rs1 service. P a y-s ervic e provisions are typically m ore liberal fo r office than for plant w orkers. Pa rt or all of the cost of one or m ore types of employee health, insurance, or pension plans is paid by em ployers of virtually all office and plant w orkers. On this'basis, life insurance is available to 90 percent or m ore of the office workers and to 84 percent or more of the plant workers in the great m ajority of areas. H ospitali zation and surgical insurance is available to 70 to 90 percent or m ore of both office and plant workers in all but 4 areas; and m edical insur ance to half or m ore in a m ajority of the areas. Hospitalization and surgical insurance are generally available to proportionately m ore plant than office w orkers. During the preceding 4 years, both surgical and m edical insurance became newly available to m ore office and plant workers than did hospitalization. Provisions for employee illn ess, in the form either of paid sick leave or insurance benefits, applied to as many or more workers in half the areas, as did hospitalization or surgical insurance. Plans for compensating for illness w ere m ore prevalent in manufacturing than in any nonmanufacturing division ex cept public utilities. Paid sick leave was the typical provision for office workers and sickness and accident insurance for plant w orkers. Catastrophe (extended m edical) insurance applied to a fourth to a half of the office workers in 5 areas and to a tenth to a fifth in the remaining areas, but to as many as a tenth of the plant workers in only 6 areas. Retirement plans applied to m ore than 70 percent of the office workers and to more than 50 percent of the plant workers in virtu ally all areas. Establishments having a m ajority of their plant employees covered by labor-management agreements accounted for at least twothirds of the plant worker employment in 14 areas, and almost half of such employees in the remaining 3 areas. The proportion of office workers in firm s with a m ajority of such workers covered by collective bargaining agreements ranged between 10 and 20 percent in most areas. Within areas, coverage of both office and plant workers was generally highest in public utilities, followed by manufacturing, and lowest in retail trade. Areas in the West generally had the highest proportions of both plant and office workers under agreements. 7 Trends of Occupational Earnings, 1953-57 Movement of Wages, A ll industries, 1956-57 A verage pay levels for 4 selected occupational groups, as a whole, rose about 5 percent during 1956 according to studies conducted by the U. S. Department of Labor1s Bureau of Labor Statistics during the winter of 1956-57.4 From the winter of 1955-56 to the winter of 1956-57 average pay levels of women office workers increased 5.2 percent; industrial nurses, 5.1 percent; skilled maintenance men, 4.9 percent; and un skilled men plant w orkers, 5.2 percent. The increases in earnings of women office and industrial nurses slightly exceeded those recorded during 1955.5 In fact, earnings of women office workers increased m ore during the past year than in any of the years studied since 1953. Increases fo r skilled maintenance men and unskilled men plant workers during 1956 w ere slightly below the 1955 rise in earnings. The amount of increase during the year varied by area and job group as shown below: Percent increase in pay during year Job group Lowest Highest Office w orkers --------------Industrial nurses -----------Skilled maintenance men — 3.4 - Atlanta 2. 1 - Portland 3. 4 - Dallas Unskilled plant w o r k e r s --- 4. 0 - Chicago Dallas 6. 5 - Philadelphia 6 . 9 - Dallas 7. 5 - San Francis coOakland 7. 2 - Memphis Movement of Wages, A ll Industries, Percen t increases in earnings levels during this period varied substantially among areas. Largest increases w ere recorded in Kansas City for office workers (23.6 percent), nurses (26.6 percent), and skilled maintenance workers (24. 8 percent), whereas pay rates fo r unskilled plant workers rose most (28. 6 percent) in Atlanta. The sm allest increases over the 4-year period w ere 15.2 percent fo r office workers in Buffalo, 15.5 percent fo r nurses in Portland, and 16.4 and 14.4 percent for maintenance men and unskilled w orkers, respectively, in Boston.7 Thus, the greatest variation in wage rise occurred in the unskilled worker group. The variation in amount of increase among the 4 job groups was least in Los A ngeles-Lon g Beach and Philadelphia and greatest in Atlanta where office pay rose 3 to 4 percentage points less than that of nurses and maintenance men and 13 points less than pay rates for unskilled w orkers. The la rg er increase noted in unskilled pay in Atlanta and a few other areas reflects in part some adjustment of rates to the $1 Federal minimum wage that went into effect in March 1956. It should be noted that increases and differentials re ferred to in ea rlie r paragraphs are percentage increases or differentials. Areas with the highest percentage increases w ere not n ecessarily the areas with the highest increases in term s of cents per hour. F or example, during 1953-57, the earnings of unskilled plant w orkers rose 25.6 percent in Memphis and 19.4 percent in San F ran ciscoOakland. These percentage increases w ere equivalent to about 26 cents in Memphis, compared with about 31 cents in San Francisco-Oakland. 1953-57 Over a 4-year period, 1953-57, an all-industry average for workers in the 4 occupational groups studied increased about 20 percent. This rise in straight-tim e earnings approximated that of workers in manufacturing industries. A verage all-industry salaries for women office workers rose 19. 7 percent and fo r women industrial nurses, 4 Ten of the 17 areas surveyed in 1956-57 w ere also studied in the winter of 1955-56. The increase is a simple average of the p e r centage increases recorded in these 10 areas. Increases within areas w ere not measured over identical periods. In most instances, however, the time span was 1 year. (See table 3 .) 5 Comparisons are lim ited to those areas in the current study which w ere also surveyed in the winters of 1954-55 and 1955-56. 21.5 percent; average hourly earnings fo r men in skilled maintenance trades rose 20.3 percent and fo r unskilled men plant w orkers, 21.1 percent. 6 In 13 areas affording comparisons, the cents-per-hour d if ferences increased between the skilled and unskilled job groups. How ever, in 7 of these areas, the percentage differences m oderately narrowed between these job groups. 6 Simple averages of percentage increases recorded in individual areas. The number of areas was lim ited to 14 since Pittsburgh, Birmingham, and Seattle w ere not surveyed in 1953, the base year of the index. 7 The n4-year period " covered only 41 months in Buffalo, 42 months in Boston, and 48 or m ore in other areas. If the rates of increase per month w ere compared, lowest rates of increase occurred in Atlanta fo r office w orkers, New York City fo r skilled maintenance w orkers, and in Dallas fo r unskilled plant w orkers. 8 Coverage and Method of Computing the Indexes F o r office c lerica l w orkers and industrial nurses, the indexes relate to average weekly salaries fo r normal hours of work, that is, the standard work schedule fo r which straight-tim e salaries are paid. F o r plant w orker groups, they measure changes in straight-tim e hourly earnings, excluding premium pay for overtim e and fo r work on w eek ends, holidays, and late shifts. The indexes are based on data fo r selected key occupations and include most of the num erically important jobs within each group. The office clerica l data are based on women in the following 18 jobs: B ille rs , machine (billing machine); bookkeepingmachine operators, class A and B; Comptometer operators; clerks, file , class A and B; clerks, order; clerks, payroll; key-punch operators; office girls; secretaries; stenographers, general; switchboard operators; switchboard operator-receptionists; tabulating-machine operators; transcribing-machine operators, general; and typists, class A and B. The industrial nurse data are based on women industrial nurses. Men in the follow ing 10 skilled maintenance jobs and 3 unskilled jobs w ere included in the plant w orker data: Skilled——carpenters; electricians; machinists; mechanics; mechanics, automotive; m illw rights; painters; pipefitters; sheet-m etal w orkers; and tool and die makers; unskilled— janitors, porters, and cleaners; laborers, m aterial handling; and watchmen. N early half of the women office employees in a ll industries within the scope of the surveys w ere employed in the 18 occupations used in constructing the office w ork ers1 index. Less than a tenth of a ll plant workers in the 17 areas w ere employed in the 13 occu pations used in computing the indexes fo r skilled and unskilled w orkers, the m ajority of whom w ere unskilled. These jobs w ere not n ecessarily representative of production workers m ore directly connected with the actual manufacturing, processing, or of servicing jobs which va ry w idely among plants and industries. A large m ajority of the skilled maintenance w orkers covered by the index w ere employed in manufac turing establishments, whereas the unskilled w orkers w ere about evenly divided between manufacturing and nonmanufacturing. A large proportion of office workers w ere employed in nonmanufacturing industries. A verage weekly salaries or average hourly earnings w ere computed fo r each of the selected occupations. The average salaries or hourly earnings w ere multiplied by the average of 1953 and 1954 employment in each job in the particular areas. These weighted earnings fo r individual occupations w ere totaled to obtain an aggregate fo r each occupational group. Finally, the ratio of these group a g g re gates fo r a given year to the aggregate fo r the base period (survey month, winter 1952-53) was computed and the result multiplied by the base year index (100) to get the index fo r the given year. Limitations of the Data The indexes m easure, principally, the effects of ( l ) general salary and wage changes; (2) m erit or other increases in pay received by individual workers while in the same job; and (3) changes in the labor fo rce such as labor turnover, force expansions, force reductions, and changes in the proportion of workers employed by establishments with different pay levels. Changes in the labor force can cause in creases or decreases in the occupational averages without actual wage changes. F o r example, a fo rce expansion might increase the p ro portion of lower paid workers in a specific occupation and result in a drop in the average, whereas a reduction in the proportion of lower paid w orkers would have the opposite effect. The movement of a high-paying establishment out of an area could cause the average earnings to drop, even though no change in rates occurred in other area establishments. The use of constant employment weights eliminates the effects of changes in the proportion of workers represented in each job included in the data. Nor are the indexes influenced by changes in standard work schedules or in premium pay fo r overtim e, since they are based on pay fo r straight-tim e hours. Trends of Occupational Earnings Ta b le 1: Wage 9 ind exes, o ffic e and p la nt (indexes of a v e ra g e w eekly earn in gs or av e ra g e hourly earn in gs 1 fo r selected occupational groups in 14 la b o r m a rk e ts,2 1955-57 3 ) (1953 = 100) W om en office w ork ers In du strial n urses (w om en) Skilled maintenance trad es (m en) U n skilled plant w o rk e rs (m en) A rea 1955 1956 1957 1955 1956 1957 1955 1956 1957 1955 107.6 107.6 108. 1 109. 0 113.5 115. 5 114.4 118.2 119.6 120. 9 1956 1957 All industries Northeast: Boston _ ........................ B u ffalo ________________________________________ N ew Y o rk C i t y ............. ................................. P h iladelph ia .................... ............. ............. . 108. 105. 108. 110. 3 3 0 8 114. 3 114. 6 117.0 115.2 120. 3 122. 0 108. 1 107.9 109.9 110. 3 South: Atlanta __ .......... D a lla s ........ .. M em ph is ............. ........................................... 105.2 110.9 106.2 111.8 115. 3 113.2 115.6 122. 0 118. 0 109. 5 110.3 114. 3 114.2 108. 1 108. 5 110. 9 (4 ) (4 ) North C en tral: Ch icago _ .. .. .... _____ . . . Cleveland K an sas C ity ... _ ...... . _ M in n eap o lis-S t. P a u l _____________ ______ 109.9 114. 1 120. 5 122. 0 123. 6 121.3 West: L,os A n g e le s -L o n g B e a c h __________________ P o r t la n d ______________________________________ San F ra n c is c o -O a k la n d ......... 108.4 110. 3 107.6 113.5 116. 0 112.7 120. 5 120.2 118. 3 (4 ) (4 ) (4 ) 115. 5 115. 1 117.7 117. 1 121. 1 122.2 107.2 106. 7 109.7 111.9 113.4 116.4 116.4 119.5 117.7 122. 5 109.9 106. 8 114. 3 119.8 109.8 121.0 124.4 117.4 126. 1 108. 3 109.9 106. 5 114. 1 115. 0 115.2 119. 1 119.4 121.4 107.9 107. 1 108. 8 122. 6 112. 1 117.2 128. 6 116.6 125.6 110. 3 112.0 116. 9 109.8 110.1 115. 5 114.4 110.2 4 115.5 121.3 12 1.9 124. 8 121.7 109-4 111.6 118. 1 122. 8 124. 8 126.6 124.4 111. 6 117. 1 119. 0 124.7 124. 3 125. 1 112.8 113.2 113.8 119. 5 115. 5 121. 0 108. 7 109.8 106. 5 114. 8 115. 0 110.4 119.4 121.2 118. 6 109. 8 110.6 109. 3 113. 6 113.9 5 113.2 119. o 119. 1 119.4 (4 ) (4 ) (4 ) (4 ) (4 ) (4 ) (4 ) (4 ) (4 ) (4 ) (4 ) (4 ) (4 ) (4 ) Manufacturing Northeast: Boston ________________________________________ B u f f a l o ________________________________________ New Y o rk City _______________________________ P h ila d e lp h ia _________________________________ 106. 8 106. 3 110.2 111. 6 5 116.0 114. 6 114. 6 116. 7 122.8 120.4 108. 0 107.8 115. 9 111.0 South: Atlanta ________________________________________ D a l l a s _________________________________________ M em ph is ................ 105. 8 108.4 106.2 110. 5 112.7 110. 7 116. 0 118. 9 117.0 108. 9 106. 7 116. 0 118.5 108, 1 109. 8 111.3 114.4 ( 4) 113.3 120.6 123. 6 123. 1 119.3 110. 3 112. 0 (4) 114. 8 116.9 (4) 109. 0 113.7 114.6 112. 8 120.2 120.7 118. 1 109. 5 108. 6 111.6 North C en tral: Ch icago .. _ _ _.. ___ C lev elan d ____________________________________ K an sas City _ ...... .. . . M in n eap o lis-S t. P a u l ______________________ 109. 6 W est: L o s A n g e le s -L o n g B e a c h ...... .................... P o rtla n d ___ _________________________________ San F r a n c is c o -O a k la n d ____________________ 107. 0 no. o (4 ) (4 ) (4) (4) 117.6 117.7 127. 5 123. 6 107. 6 106. 7 109.6 111.4 113. 2 115. 7 117.1 119.5 119.4 122. 0 n 7.8 i :o. i 124. 4 116. 3 132. 8 108.2 110. 7 103.9 113. 6 114. 6 113.2 122. 8 124. 1 122. 3 123.4 109. 0 110. 1 (4) 108. 1 115.4 ( 4) 117.2 114.2 114. 1 114. 5 120. 3 1 14. 8 122. 5 108.9 109.6 106. 3 (4 ) 121.7 116. 5 (‘ ) (4) 1C. . 9 114. 5 113. 9 114.2 118. 9 123. 1 119. 0 118. 0 119. 3 118. 5 106. 7 113. 8 107.7 118. 9 115. 0 111.6 126. 7 121. 5 119.7 121.7 122. 0 124. 8 119.7 107.6 lOo. 9 113. 0 ( 4) 113. 9 (4) 110. 9 (4) 115. 5 118. 5 121.2 126. 3 121.7 115.2 115. 1 110. 7 119.8 122. 3 120. 1 108. 6 112. 5 108. 5 112.9 116. 0 5111. 6 117.9 121. j 118.4 (4 ) (4 ) (4) 1C-. o (4 ) (4 ) ( 4) 1 A v e ra g e w eek ly earn in gs relate to standard s a la r ie s that a re paid fo r standard w ork schedules. A v e ra g e h ourly earn in gs a re straigh t-tim e hourly earn in gs, excluding prem ium pay fo r overtim e and for w o rk on w eekends, holidays, and late shifts. 2 P ittsburgh, B irm in gh am , and Seattle, included in the cu rren t studies, w e re not surveyed in 1953 (the base y e a r of the in dexes), 1954, 1955, or 1956. 3 F is c a l y e a rs ending June 30. See table 3 fo r p a y ro ll p eriods c o v ered in each a re a . 4 Not surveyed this period . 5 R evised estim ate. 6 Insufficient data to w a rra n t presentation. 10 Ta b le 2 Percent increase, o ffic e and p la n t (P e rc e n t of in c re a s e in a v e ra g e w eekly earnings or a v e ra g e h ourly earnings 1 fo r selected p eriods 2 and selected occupational groups in 11 la b o r m arkets 3) In du strial n urses (wom en) W om en office w o rk e rs A rea 1953 to 1954 1954 to 1955 1955 to 1956 1956 to 1957 1953 to 1954 1954 to 1955 1755 to 1956 Skilled m aintenance trades (men) 1956 to 1957 1953 to 1954 U n sk illed plant w o rk e rs (men) 1954 to 1955 1955 to 1956 1956 to 1957 1953 to 19 54 1954 to 1955 1955 to 1556 195 i to 1957 All industries N orth east: B o s t o n __________ __________________________ N ew Y o rk C ity ____________________________ Ph ilad elp h ia _______________________________ 5. 2 4. 3 7. 1 2. 9 3. 5 3. 4 (4 ) 5. 9 3. 4 (4) 5. 2 6. 5 6. 5 4. 2 7. 1 1. 5 5. 4 3. 0 ( 4) 5. 1 4. 3 (4) 4. 9 6. 2 5. 3 4. 5 7. 2 1. 9 5. 0 4. 4 (4) 3. 4 4. 6 (4) 3. 8 5. 2 5. 1 5. 4 4. 5 2. 4 2. 6 4. 3 ( 4) 5. 0 .. 0 (4) 5. 3 4. 7 South: Atlanta _ . _ D a lla s ______________________________________ M em phis ____________________________________ 3. 0 5. 6 4. 1 2. 2 5. 0 2. 1 6. 3 4. 0 6. 5 3. 4 5. 8 4. 3 5. 3 (5) 6. 7 4. 3 7, 6 7. 1 9. 0 2. 8 5. 9 3. 8 6. 9 4. 2 5. 3 5. 9 3. 5 2. 9 3. 8 3. 0 5. 4 4. 6 8. 1 4. 3 3. 4 5. 4 5. 9 3. 6 5. 2 1. 8 3. 3 3. 5 13. 6 4. 7 7. 7 4. 9 4. 0 7. 2 M in n eap o lis-S t. P a u l ____________________ 5. 8 6. 3 3. 6 3. 3 4. 3 3. 8 5. 4 6. 3 5. 9 9. 4 4. 2 4. 3 6. 0 3. 4 5. 0 5. 3 6. 3 6. 6 3. 3 3. 3 5. 1 4. 9 5. 0 5. 3 5. 7 6.4 3. 5 4. 9 4. 6 4 .9 4. 0 6. 8 W est: L o s A n g e le s -L o n g B each P o r t la n d ____________________________________ San F r a n c is c o -O a k la n d __________________ 4. 6 4. 7 4. 4 3. 6 5. 4 3. 0 4. 7 5. 2 4. 8 6. 2 3. 6 5. 0 5. 4 1. 6 4. 3 2. 5 6. 9 6. 3 4. 3 4. 3 2. 6 6. 0 2. 1 6. 4 5. 5 5. 5 4. 0 3. 0 3. 9 2. 4 5. 6 4. 9 3. 7 4. 0 5. 5 7. 5 6. 0 4. 9 6. 1 3. 6 5. 4 3. 0 3. 4 3. 0 4. 4 5. 3 4. 6 5. 5 N orth C e n tra l: Manufacturing N orth east: B o s t o n ______________ ______________________ N ew Y o rk C ity Philad elp h ia _______________________________ 4. 4 5. 2 6. 6 2. 3 4. 7 4. 6 (4 ) 5. 3 2. 8 (4) 5. 9 5. 1 7. 2 8. 0 7. 9 0. 7 7. 4 2. 9 (4) 5. 0 5. 0 (4) 4. 8 6. 1 5. 6 5. 2 7. 2 1. 9 4. 2 3. 9 (4) 3. 2 3. 8 (4) 5. 5 5. 4 5. 5 6. 3 3. 3 3. 1 3. 8 4. 5 (4) 3. 8 5. 5 (4) 7. 5 4. 5 South: Atlanta _____________________________________ D a lla s ______________________________________ M em phis ___________________________________ 3. 8 3. 3 2. 3 1. 9 5. 0 3. 9 4. 4 3. 9 4. 7 5. 0 5. 5 5. 6 ( 6) (5) ( 6) ( 6) 9. 9 ( 6) 8. 8 1. 4 ( 6) 5. 0 7. 5 ( 6) 4. 9 7. 0 1. 6 3. 1 3. 5 2. 3 5. 0 3. 5 8. 9 3. 9 4. 2 4. 8 4. 9 9. 5 3. 4 1. 7 4. 0 4. 2 11. 4 1. 1 3. 6 6. 6 5. 7 7. 3 N orth C e n tra l: C h icago ____________________________________ M in n eap o lis-S t. P a u l ____________________ 6. 2 5. 8 3. 4 3. 6 4. 2 3. 4 5. 4 5. 3 5. 9 9. 4 4. 2 5. 0 6. 0 2. 0 5. 0 5. 3 5. 8 6. 7 3. 1 1. 4 5. 8 5. 4 5. 5 5. 1 4. 8 5. 8 2. 7 4. 8 5. 0 4. 2 4. 9 5. 4 W est: L o s A n g e le s -L o n g B each _______________ P o rtla n d ______________________ ___________ San F r a n c is c o -O a k la n d __________________ 5. 2 4. 3 4. 5 3. 6 5. 6 2. 4 4. 3 4. 0 5. 4 5. 8 5. 3 4. 7 6. 8 .8 5. 1 2. 5 7. 8 6. 2 4. 3 5. 0 2. 6 5. 3 . 7 7. 0 5. 8 4. 6 4. 0 2. 9 4. 7 2. 2 5. 8 5. 1 4. 1 4. 0 6. 2 8. 5 4. 9 5. 5 4. 2 3. 5 6. 7 4. 2 3. 9 3. 1 4. 3 4. 4 4. 6 6. 0 for overtim e 1 and fo r 2 3 4 5 6 A v e ra g e w eek ly earnings relate to standard s a la r ie s that a re paid fo r standard w o rk schedules. A v e ra g e hourly earnings are straight-tim e hourly earnings excluding prem iu m pay w o rk on w eekends, h olidays, and late shifts. See table 3 fo r p a y ro ll p eriods c o v e re d in each a re a . B irm in gh am , B u ffalo , C levelan d , K ansas C ity, P ittsb u rgh , and Seattle w e re not surveyed in consecutive period s between 1953 and 1957. Not su rvey ed in 1955-56 D e c r e a s e . This decline w as p ro b a b ly due to a change in em ploym ent rath er than to a decline in s a la r ie s . Insufficient data to w a rra n t presentation. 11 Ta b le 3 : P a y ro ll p e rio d s covered (P a y r o l l periods covered in the community wage surveys, Area Northeast: B o s t o n ____________________________________________ Buffalo ___________________________________________ Ne w Yo rk City _________________________________ Philadelphia ____________________________________ P i t t s b u r g h _______________________________________ 1953 M ar ch 1953 A p r i l 1953 F e b r u a r y 1953 October 1952 17 labor markets, 1955 19 53-571) 1956 A p r i l 1955 September 19 54 M ar ch 1955 Nov e m b e r 1954 A p r i l 1956 Nov em be r 1955 South: Atlanta _____________ _____________________________ Birmin gh am ____________________________________ Dallas ___________________________________________ Memphis _________________________________________ M ar ch 1953 Ma rc h 1955 A p r i l 1956 August 1952 January 1953 September 1954 F e b r u a r y 1955 October 1955 F e b r u a r y 1956 North Central: Chicago __________________________________________ C l e v e l a n d ________________________________________ Kansas C i t y _____________________________________ Minneapolis-St. Paul _________________________ Ma rc h 1953 October 1952 October 1952 No v e m b e r 1952 A p r i l 1955 October 1954 A p r i l 1956 Nov e m b e r 1954 De c e m b e r 1955 F e b r u a r y 1953 September 1952 January 1953 M ar ch 1955 A p r i l 1955 January 1955 M a rc h 1956 Apr il 195 6 January 1956 West: Los A n g e l e s - L o n g Beach _____________________ Portland _________________________________________ San F r a n c i s c o - O a k l a n d _______________________ Seattle ___________________________ ________ ________ * F is c a l years ending June 30. 1957 September September A p r i l 1957 No v e m be r D ec em ber 1956 1956 1956 1956 A p r i l 1957 January 1957 O ctober 1956 F e b r u a r y 1957 A p r i l 1957 October 1956 D ec em ber 1956 M ar ch 1957 M ar ch 1957 A p r i l 1957 January 1957 August 1956 13 Wage Differences Among Labor Markets Occupational wage tables presented on pages 19 to 33 to p e r mit a comparison of pay levels, fo r any of the jobs studied, among industry divisions within a particular labor market as w ell as among the various labor m arkets. Estimates of pay relationships within and among markets vary somewhat, depending upon the occupations selected for comparison. By averaging the pay fo r groupings of occupations, useful benchmarks can be provided fo r o ffice, skilled maintenance, custodial, and m aterial movement w o rk e rs .8 Interarea pay relation ships fo r these fields of employment w ill not n ecessarily agree with measures based on averages fo r broader groups of workers or occu pational averages fo r a specific industry. The use of data for the same jobs in each labor market, together with the assumption of a constant employment relationship between jobs in all m arkets, eliminates interarea differences in occu pational composition as a factor in examining pay levels. Industrial composition, however, varies substantially among labor markets. This type of variation is necessarily reflected in and, in fact, tends to explain the area pay relatives presented in tables 4 and 5. Interarea differences in pay levels w ere most marked fo r custodial and m aterial movement workers and least fo r office workers and skilled maintenance crafts. This variation in interarea wage spread by job group is la rgely accounted fo r by the nature of the wage structure in southern communities where most, but not all, of the lowest job averages w ere recorded. Pay levels for w hite-collar em ployees and skilled plant workers in the South compare m ore favorably with pay in other regions than is the case with sem iskilled and un skilled plant w orkers. Method of Computing A rea Relatives The following method was used in computing the data used in the comparisons. For each area, aggregates for a ll industries com bined and for manufacturing and nonmanufacturing separately w ere 8 The office occupations covered 5 men*s and 13 women*s Men— clerks, accounting, class A; clerks, accounting, class B; order clerks; office boys; tabulating-machine operators; Women— b ille rs , machine (billing); bookkeeping-machine operators, class B; Comptometer operators; accounting clerks, class A; accounting clerks, class B; file clerks, class B; payroll clerks; key-punch operators; secretaries; stenographers, general; switchboard operators; typists, class A; typists, class B. The plant jobs included 6 maintenance trades and 4 custodial and 7 m aterial movement jobs: Maintenance— automotive mechanics, carpenters, electricians, machinists, mechanics, and painters; Custodial— guards, janitors, janitresses, and watchmen; M aterial M ove ment— fo rk lift operators, m aterial handling laborers, order fille r s , shipping packers, shipping and receiving clerks; truckdrivers, medium; and truckdrivers, heavy, tra iler type. computed by multiplying the average standard weekly salary fo r each of 18 office jobs and the average straight-tim e hourly earnings (ex cluding premium pay fo r overtim e and nightwork) fo r each of 17 plant jobs by estimated total employment in the job in a ll industries and areas combined. The procedure assumed a constant employment relationship between jobs in all areas— in manufacturing, nonmanu facturing, and fo r both groups combined. F o r purposes of this comparison, aggregates for each occupa tional group and industry group are expressed as percentages of like groups in New York City, adjusted for differences in survey timing. Wage data fo r New York City relate to A p ril 1957, as did those for Atlanta, Chicago, and Portland. Most of the other areas were studied ea rlie r— Seattle in August 1956, Boston and Buffalo in September, Dallas and Cleveland in October, Philadelphia in Novem ber, and Birmingham, Kansas City, and Pittsburgh in December. The four remaining areas w ere studied between January and March 1957. The adjustment for timing differences assumed that New York City wages in creased uniform ly over the 12-month period between annual studies and that an intermediate level such as fo r August 1956 could be obtained by adding the estimated wage increment to A p ril 1956 pay levels. The comparisons in the present study are not comparable with sim ilar but unadjusted analyses made in past years, in which the interim be tween the New York City survey and most other areas ranged from 1 to 6 months. Interarea Comparisons Jobs Groups. — The office clerica l pay level in Los Angeles Long Beach was 107 percent of the New York City level (table 4 ).9 Chicago, Cleveland, and San Francisco-Oakland pay levels w ere at 104-105 percent of New York City and pay relatives for other areas ranged from 100 fo r Seattle to 85 fo r Memphis. (See table 4). Pay relatives for women closely followed this pattern, reflecting their predominance in office clerica l employment. F or men, however, pay relatives ranged from 117 in Cleveland to 96 in Atlanta and Boston and w ere 108 or m ore in the 4 western areas and in Buffalo, jobs: Chicago, Cleveland; and Pittsburgh. All-industry averages fo r skilled maintenance workers (based on 6 trades), expressed as percentages of the New York City level, ranged from 112 in San Francisco-Oakland to 91 in Atlanta, Dallas, and Memphis. A reas as w idely dispersed geographically as Buffalo, 9 If comparisons of office worker pay w ere based on average hourly earnings, New York City would rank firs t among these areas, Whereas stenographers, for example, averaged a 36-hour workweek in New York City, they worked from 38 to 40 hour s , on the average, in other areas, 14 Birmingham, Cleveland, Kansas City, Minneapolis-St. Paul, Los A ngeles-Lon g Beach* Portland, and Seattle had pay relatives of 104 to 107. Custodial workers w ere highest paid in the San Francisco Bay A rea (118 percent of New York City) and second highest, with a relative of 112, in Pittsburgh. Grouped at 106 to 109 percent (of New York City) w ere Buffalo, Chicago, Cleveland, and the 3 West Coast areas other than San Francisco-Oakland. Reflecting the gen era lly lower pay level fo r unskilled w orkers in the South, custodial w orkers in Atlanta, Dallas, and Memphis averaged 75-77 percent of New York City pay. Pay relatives fo r m aterial movement workers fe ll into the same pattern of variation within and among regions. In the West, they ranged from 113 in the San Francisco Bay A rea to 105 in Portland; among North Central areas from 109 in Cleveland to 99 in Kansas City; in the Northeast from 109 in Pittsburgh to 92 in Boston; and in the South from 80 in Birmingham to 75 in Memphis. Industry Groups. — As shown below, the wage spreads between the highest and lowest pay areas fo r office workers and m aterial movement workers w ere about the same in manufacturing and non manufacturing but for maintenance and custodial workers w ere definitely greater in nonmanufacturing. Exclusion of the southern areas from the measure of wage dispersion would not m aterially affect the estimates for office workers in either industry group or fo r maintenance jobs in manufacturing; in other cases, however, the estimates of wage spread outside the South would decline sharply. In the case of custodial workers in nonmanu facturing, fo r example, a 41-percent difference existed between high and low wage areas, whereas inclusion of the South raised the spread to 78 percent. P e rcentage difference between highiest and lowest area relatives Job group Office workers ----------Plant workers -----------Maintenance ---------C u stodial---------------M aterial movement — Manufacturing Nonmanufacturing 24 44 24 42 54 25 55 48 78 57 Wage Differences Among Labor Markets Ta b le 4: 15 In te ra re a p a y com pa risons, o ffic e w o rk e rs (Relative pay levels for office work er s in 17 la bor markets by industry division and sex, winter 1956-57) (Ne w Yo rk City = 100) All industries L a b o r market Manufacturing Nonmanufacturing Men and women Men Women 87 95 100 91 97 88 99 100 92 101 94 114 100 99 115 87 97 100 91 99 88 89 100 90 94 96 102 100 100 109 87 87 100 89 92 96 105 102 98 89 92 92 83 92 99 97 86 94 107 107 94 92 98 96 85 90 87 91 84 97 98 99 99 89 85 90 82 104 105 95 91 109 117 102 100 103 104 94 90 101 104 95 88 107 116 103 96 100 103 94 87 104 101 94 91 108 113 100 101 104 99 94 90 107 97 105 100 111 108 109 110 106 96 104 99 105 96 107 104 108 107 109 114 105 94 107 103 105 98 103 98 111 109 107 109 105 96 103 96 Men and women Men Northeast: B o s t o n _________ ________ __ _____________ Buffalo _______________________________________ New Yo rk City __________ _____________ __ Philadelphia _________________________________ P i t t s b u r g h --------------------------------------------------- 88 97 100 92 99 96 112 100 101 115 South: Atlanta __ ___________________________________ Birm ingh am ______ ____________________ __ Dallas __________ ___________________________ Memphis ----------------------------------------------------- 90 93 93 85 North Central: .. , _ __ ....... , _rr„ C hie a. g o _ C l e v e l a n d ____________________________________ Kansas C i t y _________________________________ Minneapolis-St. Paul ---------- -----------------West: Los A n g e le s -L o n g Beach _________________ Portland _____ ____________________________ San Fr an cis co -O ak la n d _ _________________ Seattle _ _________ _________________________ W omen Ta b le 5 : Men and women W ome n Men In te ra re a pay com pa risons, p la n t w o rk e rs (Relative pay levels for plant w or k e rs in indirect jobs in 17 lab or markets by industry division and wo rk category, winter 19 56-57) (N e w Y o r k City = 100) Manufacturing A l l industries L a b o r market Maintenance, custodial, and Maintenance ma terial movement C ustodial Material movement Maintenance, custodial, and Maintenance material movement C ustodial Nonmanufacturing Material move ment Maintenance, custodial, and Maintenance material movement Custodial Mate rial movement Northeast: B o s t o n ___________________________________ __ Buffalo ____ ________ ___ ___ ________________ Ne w Y o rk City ___________________________ Philadelphia _________________________________ P i t t s b u r g h _____ ____________________________ 93 106 100 99 110 93 106 100 103 109 94 109 100 96 112 92 105 100 98 109 93 107 100 99 109 92 104 100 100 105 98 115 100 102 116 91 105 100 96 108 93 97 100 96 108 94 100 100 105 112 89 89 100 87 100 94 101 100 100 111 South: Atlanta _ ---------- __ -------------------------Birm ingham _________________________ _____ D a l l a s ____________ ___ ________________ ______ Memphis _____________________________________ 81 87 80 78 91 104 91 91 77 84 77 75 79 80 77 75 81 92 85 79 88 102 90 88 87 94 89 86 76 86 81 72 81 78 75 74 96 93 84 82 67 71 68 64 80 74 74 76 North Central: Chicago ______ ______________________________ C l e v e l a n d __________________ ______________ Kansas City _________ __________ _________ Minneapolis-St. Pa ul -------------------- 105 108 99 103 111 106 104 105 106 108 95 103 102 109 99 103 103 108 103 102 104 104 101 101 108 114 109 106 100 107 101 99 108 104 95 105 121 105 105 111 103 90 81 98 105 111 98 106 West: L os A n g e l e s - L o n g Beach _____ _________ Portland _____________________________________ San Fr an cis co -O ak la n d __ _________________ S e a t t le __ _ ________ _________________ 107 106 114 107 107 107 112 105 107 106 118 107 107 105 113 108 106 105 114 107 102 103 109 101 112 109 122 110 104 104 111 108 109 105 115 108 114 110 112 108 102 98 114 104 110 107 116 110 17 Occupational Earnings Among the 17 areas surveyed, occupational pay levels for women office workers w ere generally highest in Los Angeles-Long Beach and fo r plant workers in San Francisco-Oakland. The lowest a v erages for office and plant workers w ere generally found in Memphis.10 Among the highest paid jobs studied w ere secretaries in wom ens office jobs; class A accounting clerks in men*s office jobs; tool and die makers in skilled maintenance jobs; and truckdrivers in custodial, warehousing, and shipping jobs. Wage differences among these areas w ere sm aller for office workers than fo r plant w orkers, and within the latter group, they w ere much greater for unskilled workers than fo r skilled maintenance workers. Pay rates of individual employees varied greatly in each occupation and labor market studied. In general, average earnings of office and plant workers tended to be higher in manufacturing than in nonmanufacturing. Each of these groups, however, include a wide variety of industries that d iffer in level of rates paid. Such nonmanu facturing industries as public utilities and wholesale trade, fo r ex ample, are characterized by pay levels that frequently equal or exceed manufacturing averages for comparable work in the same area. Job rate variation is also typical among and within establishments within the same industry. P articu larly in the case of office w orkers, length of service influences individual pay rates within an occupation and establishment. Thus, in viewing the accompanying tables, it should be noted that all figures are averages, and do not indicate either the broad range of earnings that may occur within a given occupation or the overlapping of pay rates between occupations.11 Woments Office Occupations Secretaries and general stenographers w ere num erically among the most important womenls jobs studied. Secretaries had the highest average weekly salaries in 13 of the 17 areas; their average salaries ranged from $65.50 in Memphis to $84 in Los A ngeles-Lon g Beach and w ere over $75 in 9 areas including all 4 western areas (table A - l ) . General stenographers averaged $60 or m ore in all areas except Memphis ($56.50) and Boston ($58.50). Among the 17 areas, the difference between the salaries of secretaries and general stenog raphers ranged from $9 in Memphis and Boston to $16 in New York City. Class A accounting clerks had next to the highest salaries among the womenTs office jobs in 8 areas. Although their salaries w ere higher than those of secretaries in Birmingham and Kansas City, they usually averaged $2 to $6 less in the other areas. 10 For a m ore detailed description of intercity wage differences, see Wage Differences Among Labor M arkets, p. 13. 11 The distribution of workers by average hourly or weekly earn ings are presented in the bulletins fo r the various areas. See last page. Among the lower paid office jobs, average salaries of office girls ranged from $43.50 in Memphis to $56 in Los A ngeles-Long Beach and San Francisco-Oakland. Men*s Office Occupations Class A accounting clerks had the highest weekly salaries among the six menTs office jobs studied. Their average salaries ranged from $80 in Boston to $98 in Pittsburgh, and in 10 of the 17 areas they w ere between $87 and $91.50. Men*s salaries w ere higher than women*s in sim ilar occupations. Among areas, the median amount of difference between salaries of men and women was as follow s: Order clerks, $21; payroll clerks, $15.50; accounting clerks, class A, $17; accounting clerks, class B, $13; and tabulating-machine oper ators, $7.50. By way of contrast, differences in averages for office boys and office girls w ere sm all in most areas. Among the factors that may influence the higher pay position of men over women in the same job classifications are differences in length of service or experience, as w ell as differences in the establishments and type of industry where they are employed. Professional and Technical Occupations Salaries of industrial nurses, the only womenls professional occupation studied, ranged from $73 in Boston to $89 in Los A n gelesLong Beach (table A - l ) , and fe ll in the range of $75 to $85 in 12 areas. Whereas in a m ajority of the areas nurses averaged $3 to $7 m ore than secreta ries, they averaged $2.50 a week less in P o r t land and the same as secretaries in Cleveland. The greatest difference in pay was noted in Birmingham where nurses averaged $84. 50 and secretaries, $72.50. Among men professional and technical w orkers, salaries of senior draftsmen averaged $100 to $110 a week except in Dallas ($88.50), Seattle ($94), Pittsburgh ($113), Birmingham and Chicago ($115), and New York City ($117). Weekly salaries of junior draftsmen ranged from $66.50 in Memphis to $83.50 in Portland. Differences in salaries between senior and junior draftsmen ranged from $17.50 in Portland to $45 in Birmingham. Skilled Maintenance W orkers Maintenance electricians and machinists a v e ra g e ! $2.30 or more an hour in a ll areas except D a lla s.12 Hourly averages for maintenance carpenters and mechanics fe ll below $2. 30 in Atlanta, Boston, Dallas, and Memphis (table A -9 ). Maintenance painters earned 12 In addition to the wage data collected in 17 labor areas, earnings fo r plant workers in Milwaukee and St. Louis are found in appendix A. 18 somewhat less and averaged below $2 in Boston and Memphis, and m ore than $2.30 in 9 areas, of which virtu ally all were located in the North Central and West regions. Tool and die m akers, the highest paid skilled maintenance workers studied, had average hourly earnings ranging from $2.43 in Dallas to $2.97 in San Francisco-Oakland. In Pittsburgh, Chicago, Cleveland, Kansas City, Los Angeles-Long Beach, and Seattle, average hourly earnings in this trade w ere also $2. 70 or m ore. The San Francisco Bay A rea ranked firs t among the highest pay areas fo r most of the skilled trades studied. Custodial and M aterial Movement Occupations The highest pay levels for most of the custodial and m aterial movement jobs covered w ere also found in San Francisco-Oakland. One of the exceptions was truckdrivers (one of the m ore important jobs num erically), fo r which the highest average was recorded in New York City ($2.47), 5 cents an hour m ore than in San FranciscoOakland. A large portion of the truckdrivers in New York City manu facturing establishments w ere paid on a bonus basis, while in San Francisco-Oakland the drivers w ere on an hourly rate. In nonmanu facturing establishments, however, San Francisco-Oakland truckdrivers averaged $2.40 compared with $2.36 in New York City. The lowest pay levels for this job (less than $2) w ere found in the South and Boston. The all-industry averages for laborers engaged in m aterial handling activities illustrate the geographic differences that exist in unskilled w orker pay. Among the 4 southern areas, averages for laborers ranged from $1.32 in Memphis to $1.51 in Birmingham. Laborers averaged $1.61 in Boston, $ 1. 72 in Philadelphia, and $1.80 or m ore in the other 11 areas. The highest average ($2.07) was recorded in San Francisco-Oakland and laborers averaged frorti $1.94 to $2 in the other western areas and in Cleveland, MinneapolisSt. Paul, and Pittsburgh. Men janitors earned from 16 to 38 cents an hour less than laborers. A verages fo r watchmen w ere generally between those of laborers and janitors. Earnings data w ere collected for three womenrs nonoffice jobs— operators of passenger elevators, packers fo r shipping, and janitresses (table A -9 ). Of these, shipping packers w ere the highest paid, with average hourly earnings ranging from $1.13 in Memphis to $1.76 in Los A ngeles-Lon g Beach; they averaged m ore than $1.40 in most of the areas. Janitresses1 earnings ranged from 76 cents in Atlanta to $1.72 in San Francis co-Oakland; they averaged about 85 cents in the other southern areas and about $1.35 to $1.50 in most of the remaining areas. Earnings of women elevator operators ranged from 55 cents in Atlanta to $1.75 in San Francisco-Oakland: These operators averaged less than $1 in all southern areas and less than $1.50 in the remaining areas. Typically, men in sim ilar jobs earned m ore than women. Interindustry Comparisons In the 17 areas studied, earnings of office and plant workers w ere generally higher in manufacturing industries than in nonmanufac turing industries as a group. However, manufacturing averages were sometimes exceeded in 1 or m ore of the 5 broad nonmanufacturing groups, particularly among office occupations. F or example, average salaries of secretaries w ere higher in public utilities than in manu facturing in 14 of the 17 areas; earnings of general transcribingmachine operators w ere higher in wholesale trade than in manufac turing in 5 of 8 areas where comparisons could be made. Earnings of carpenters w ere higher in retail trade than in manufacturing in all six areas where comparisons were possible. Public u tilities, fo l lowed by wholesale trade, generally had the highest averages among the nonmanufacturing groups surveyed. Since the importance of the various industry groups differs by area, this factor should be con sidered in evaluating interarea occupational wage differentials. 19 A : Occupational Earnings T a b le A - l: O ffic e o c c u p a tio n s - a ll in d u strie s ( A ve ra ge weekly earnings 1 for selected occupations studied in 6 broa d industry divisions) Northeast Sex, occupation, and grade Boston2 Buffalo New Y or k City2 South Phila delphia2 Pitts burgh Atlanta Birm ing ham West North Central Da llas M e m p h i s 2 Chicago 2 C le v e land 2 Kansa s City Minneap o lis St. Paul Lo s AngelesLong Beach2 Portland San FranSeattle2 ci s co Oakland2 Office clerical Men C le rk s: Accounting, c la ss A _______________________ Accounting, c la ss B _______________________ O rd e r _______ ________________________________ P a y r o l l _______________________________________ Office boys ______________________________________ Tabulating-machine o p e r a t o r s _______________ $80. 00 59.50 76.00 78. 00 44. 50 68. 50 $86.00 80. 50 . 92.00 98. 50 52.50 82. 00 $87.50 68. 50 75. 50 79.00 49.50 7 3.50 $87.00 68. 50 76. 00 79. 00 4 o . 50 70. 00 $98. 00 84. 00 86. 50 91.00 53.00 82.50 $86.00 65. 50 7 1.50 7 7.50 48. 00 69. 00 $93.50 7 0. 50 76. 50 92. 06 46. 50 78. 50 56. 00 48.50 58. 50 53. 00 64. 00 65. 00 57.50 56. 00 57.00 55.50 56.00 54. 00 61.00 52.50 65.00 51.50 7 1.50 61.00 64. 00 53. 50 68. 50 53. 00 65.50 52.50 57.50 44.50 55.00 59. 00 54. 00 72.50 54. 00 58. 50 48. 00 57.00 66.00 57.00 Vo. 50 62.00 66.00 52.00 63. 50 73. 00 66.00 68. 50 55. 00 59.00 45.00 51.50 61.00 58. 50 49.50 54. 50 45. 00 67.50 58. 50 6?. 00 54. 50 55. 50 61.00 52.50 59. 00 47.00 76. 00 64. 00 u 9 . 50 53. 50 57-. 00 70. 00 58. 00 6 1.00 49. 00 82.50 66. 50 79.00 64. 50 64. 00 7 1.00 54. 50 55.50 48. 50 54. 00 61.50 52.50 132.50 100. 50 75. 00 56.50 73. 00 00 50 00 00 00 00 $88.00 69.00 66.50 54. 00 53. 00 62.00 56. 00 74.50 59.50 55. 50 49.50 59.00 72.00 62.00 52.50 53. 50 44.50 74. 00 60. 50 70. 00 57.00 55. 50 64. 00 52. 50 61.00 48. 00 79. 00 65.50 71.00 61.00 61.00 76. 00 66.50 64. 50 5b. 50 55.00 58. 00 49.50 138.50 108.50 78. 00 " 149.00 117.00 78. 50 72. 50 137.50 102.50 76.00 - 62. 00 86. 00 77.00 $90. 70. 73. 81. 46. 73. $95.00 79. 00 87. 50 82. 50 56. 00 91.00 $88.50 70.00 73. 00 76. 00 47.00 76.50 $84.50 65. 50 82.00 44. 00 79.50 $91. 00 71. 50 89. 00 86. 50 55. 00 81.50 55. 50 54. 00 51.00 44. 50 65. 00 64. 50 61.50 67.00 67. 00 51. 00 63. 50 54. 00 62.00 51.50 77.00 65. 00 7 1.00 55. 00 56.00 45.50 53. 00 62.00 59.00 7b. 00 5 t . 00 66.00 50. 00 58. 00 63. 00 54. 00 68. 00 57.50 56. 00 44. 50 55. 50 62. 50 58. 50 64.50 52.50 53. 00 46.50 55. 50 58. 50 52.50 51. 50 56.00 48.50 73. 00 6 1. 00 53.50 55. 00 59.00 50. 50 59. 00 50. 50 72.50 62.50 53. 00 55. 00 63. 50 55. 44. 74. 64. 79. 51. 58. 66. 00 50 00 00 00 00 00 00 54. 50 55. 50 6 1.00 56. 00 52.00 : 48. 50 56. 00 63. 00 51. 00 149.00 113.00 82.50 79.50 145. 00 101.50 72.00 " 85.50 81.50 48. 50 74. 00 $89.50 76. 00 88. 00 90.50 58. 00 85. 00 $91.50 70.50 86. 00 84. 00 51.50 89. 00 $89.00 74. 50 86.50 87.50 54. 50 82. 00 $88. 50 77.50 84. 00 80. 00 49.50 80. 50 58.50 " 55.50 58.50 65. 00 70. 00 57.50 59. 00 70.00 63.50 59.50 65.50 74.50 59. 50 66. 00 56. 00 66.50 55. 50 79. 00 60. 00 75.00 55.50 76.00 60. 00 68. 50 57.00 79. 00 65. 00 66. 00 53.50 65. 50 73. 00 68. 50 76. 65. 66. 52. 63. 70. 66. 74. 50 57.00 60. 50 47.50 57.00 64.50 62. 50 71.50 55. 50 58.50 47.50 57.50 63.00 59.50 80. 00 67. 00 67. 00 55.50 73. 00 76.00 72. 50 74. 50 63. 00 62. 00 48.50 61. 50 66. 50 63. 50 77.00 65. 00 68.50 52.50 72.50 76.50 69.00 71.00 59.50 62.00 51.50 61.00 68. 00 64. 50 50 00 00 00 00 00 50 50 00 59.50 66. 00 52.50 83. 00 68. 00 77.50 64. 00 63. 50 74. 50 53. 60. 46. 74. 63. 00 50 00 00 00 56.50 54. 50 45. 00 72.00 60. 50 - - 44. 50 54. 00 67.50 60. 67. 54. 83. 70. 78. 65. 66. 74. 55. 00 56.50 70. 00 58. 50 55.50 62. 50 63. 50 71.50 56. 00 84. 00 72. 00 82. 00 67.00 68. 00 82. 00 55.50 64. 50 47.50 77.00 65. 00 57.00 60.50 73.00 62.50 65.50 56.00 82.50 71.00 69. 00 66.00 66. 00 76. 50 53. 50 62.00 50. 00 77.00 66. 50 69. 50 62.00 61.00 67.50 53. 50 56. 50 49. 00 54. 00 55.50 45. 50 67. 50 67.50 58. 50 65. 00 68. 50 57.00 60.50 66. 00 51. 50 56.00 56.00 50. 50 63. 50 69. 00 59. 00 60. 00 62. 50 54. 50 66.00 66. 00 57. 00 58. 00 62.00 51. 50 114.00 88. 50 70. 00 55. 50 126.50 109.50 80. 00 - _ 106.50 66. 50 - 133.50 115.00 81.50 66. 00 . 115.00 70. 00 - 104.50 79. 00 - 101.50 77.00 63. 00 141. 50 103.50 83. 00 70. 00 101. 00 83.50 " 122.00 104.50 80.50 - 109.5C 94.00 73. 00 84. 50 77.50 75. 00 83.50 83. 00 81.00 79.00 89. 00 74.50 83. 50 83. 00 - - Women B i l l e r s , machine: Billing machine _____________________________ Bookkeeping machine Bookkeeping-machine operators: C l a s s A _______________________________________ C l a s s B _______________________________________ C ler ks: Accounting, clas s A _______________________ Accounting, c la ss B _ F ile , cla s s A ________________________________ Fi le , cla s s B ________________________________ O r d e r _________________________________________ P a y r o l l ........................................................... Comptometer oper at ors _ _ Duplicating-machine op erators (mimeo grap h or d i t t o ) _______________________ Key-punch opera tor s _ _ _____ Office gi rls ______________________________________ Secre taries ____________________________________ Stenographers, g e n e r a l ---------------------------------Stenographers, t e c h n i c a l ______________________ Switchboard op erators ________________________ Switchboard operato r-re ce ptio nis ts Tabulating-machine o p e r a t o r s _______________ T ra n s cr it in g- m a c h in e ope rators, gene ral _________________________________________ Typists, clas s A ________________________________ Typists, clas s B ________________________________ - - - 57.00 43. 50 65. 50 56.50 - 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 Professional and technical Mon Draftsmen, lea de r _____________________________ Draftsmen, senior _____________________________ Draftsmen, j u n i o r _____________________________ T r a c e r s _________________________________________ _ - Women N u rs es , industrial ( r e g i s t e r e d ) _____________ 1 Earnings relate to standard sa la ri e s that are paid for standard work schedules. 2 Exceptions to the standard industry limitations are shown in footnotes 4 and/or 6 to the table in appendix B. N O TE : Dashes indicate no data or insufficient data to w a rr a n t presentation. 20 T a b le A -2 - O ffic e O c c u p a tio n s - m a n u fa c tu rin g (A v e r a g e weekly e a r n in g s 1 for selected occupations studied in manufacturing) Northeast South Boston Buffalo Ne w York City $83. 58. 76. 79. 45. 67. 50 00 50 50 00 50 $92.00 83. 50 97. 50 98. 50 53. 50 84. 00 $88.50 73. 00 79. 00 80. 00 52. 00 77. 50 $88. 00 76. 50 72. 00 80. 00 47. 00 71. 50 $101. 50 87. 00 87. 50 91. 50 56. 00 86. 50 $85.50 65. 50 70. 00 77. 50 47. 00 81. 50 55. 00 62. 00 62. 00 - 65. 50 64. 00 59. 50 64. 00 57. 50 - 66. 00 58. 00 72. 00 62. 50 73. 00 69. 00 64. 00 58. 50 68. 57. 58. 48. 55. 59. 58. 73. 50 61.00 69. 50 55. 50 61. 00 67. 00 63. 00 80. 64. 73. 56. 65. 73. 68. 00 50 00 50 00 00 50 73. 57. 62. 49. 53. 61. 61. 50. 50 56. 00 51.00 69. 50 61.00 63. 00 62. 50 57. 00 66. 50 52. 61. 49. 79. 67. 68. 68. 58. 75. 59. 65. 49. 86. 70. 83. 72. 65. 70. 50 50 50 50 00 50 00 00 00 54. 61. 46. 77. 62. 73. 66. 57. 71. 57. 00 55. 50 51.00 56. 00 65. 00 56. 50 67. 50 68. 50 61.00 134.50 97. 00 73. 00 - 138. 50 109.50 78. 00 - 73. 50 83. 00 Sex, occupation, and grade Phila delphia Pitts burgh Atlanta Birm ing ham North Centr al West Minne apolis St. Paul Lo s AngelesLong Beach Portland $89.00 74. 50 90. 50 86. 00 60. 50 84. 50 $88.50 94. 00 49. 50 - San FranSeattle ci sc o Oakland Chicago Cleve land Kansas City $88. 00 67. 50 65. 50 77. 50 $93.00 78. 50 88. 00 87. 00 55. 50 82. 50 $96. 50 81.50 94. 00 84. 00 55. 50 91. 50 $91.50 80. 50 74. 00 72. 00 48. 00 - $82.00 67. 00 84. 00 47. 00 77. 50 57. 50 59. 00 52. 00 - 64. 00 - 63. 00 - _ - - 66. 50 73. 00 63. 50 _ 73. 50 _ . _ 75. 00 60. 50 71.00 60. 00 58. 00 76. 50 69.00 74. 00 64. 00 60. 00 60. 50 79. 50 74. 50 77. 50 62. 00 75. 50 73. 00 _ 65. 50 74. 00 58. 50 59. 50 57. 00 63. 00 67. 50 83. 50 62. 50 71.00 60. 00 61. 50 67. 50 64. 50 79. 62. 60. 55. 61. 63. 65. 67. 00 57. 00 51.00 50. 00 57. 50 61. 50 61. 00 81. 68. 66. 56. 68. 72. 71. 79. 70. 67. 55. 64. 72. 68. 00 50 00 50 00 00 50 80. 50 61. 00 _ 49. 50 54. 00 65. 00 66. 50 71. 50 58. 00 56. 50 48. 00 62. 00 63. 00 61.00 81.00 68. 50 72. 00 63. 00 72. 00 75. 50 73. 50 74. 00 64. 50 _ 55. 50 66. 50 66. 50 65. 50 83. 50 73. 50 73. 50 59. 50 74. 00 77. 00 71.00 82. 50 65. 50 _ 64. 50 65. 00 70. 00 68. 50 50 00 00 00 50 00 00 00 50 69. 00 75. 50 62. 50 68. 50 54. 00 - 63. 00 77. 50 70. 50 68. 00 61. 50 - 65. 54. 77. 69. 64. 58. 75. 50 00 50 60. 50 44. 50 68. 50 59. 50 _ 57. 00 - 59. 50 68. 00 55. 50 84. 50 70. 50 70. 50 67. 00 - 60. 50 67. 00 54. 50 85. 50 71. 00 70. 50 65. 50 79. 00 74. 00 69. 00 65. 00 55. 50 - _ 57. 50 46. 00 73. 50 61. 00 62. 50 57. 50 - 67. 50 73. 00 61.00 84. 00 74. 00 88. 50 74. 50 68. 50 82. 00 _ 63. 50 52. 00 76. 00 68. 00 62. 00 - 62. 68. 58. 89. 75. 74. 68. 76. 50 00 00 _ 64. 50 82. 50 70. 00 67. 50 62. 50 - 56. 50 62. 50 51. 50 61. 50 64. 00 56. 00 56. 00 67. 00 54. 50 59. 50 69. 00 57. 50 53. 50 62. 50 56. 00 53. 50 56. 00 49. 00 68. 00 68. 00 59. 50 66. 00 70. 50 59. 50 68. 50 54. 00 55. 00 56. 00 52. 00 61. 50 73. 50 63. 50 66. 50 68. 50 59. 00 71. 50 72. 00 62. 50 66. 50 58. 50 151. 50 108.00 72. 00 - 138.00 102. 50 78. 00 - 150.00 114. 00 84. 00 80. 50 99. 00 73. 00 - _ 116. 00 71. 00 108.50 69. 00 - 131. 00 113.00 80. 00 66. 00 130.00 109. 50 80. 50 106. 00 83. 00 - - 101. 50 76. 00 58. 50 142. 00 101.00 79. 00 72. 00 101.50 84. 50 - 101.50 88. 00 70. 00 - 88. 00 78. 50 86. 00 84. 00 86. 00 78. 50 - 83. 50 82. 50 79. 50 79. 00 89. 00 73. 50 Dallas Memphis 00 00 00 50 50 50 $97. 00 76. 00 77. 50 49. 50 83. 50 61.00 - 62. 50 - 60. 00 75. 50 60. 00 00 50 00 50 00 50 50 80. 69. 65. 56. 70. 73. 66. 50 00 50 00 50 00 50 00 00 00 00 50 50 00 00 00 54. 67. 50. 83. 69. 70. 71. 63. 77. Office clerical Men C le rk s : Accounting, class A _______________________ Accounting, class B ______________________ O rd er _________________________________________ P a y r o l l _______________________________________ Office boys ______________________________________ Tabulating-machine operators ______________ $98. 72. 84. 92. 49. 80. $92. 79. 91. 92. 53. 87. 00 00 00 50 50 00 $88.50 _ _ 78. 00 56. 50 - Women B il le r s , machine: Billing machine _____________________________ Bookkeeping machine ______________________ Bookkeeping-machine operators; C l as s A ______________________________________ C l a s s B ______________________________________ C le rk s : Accounting, class A _______________________ Accounting, c la ss B _______________________ File, class A ____________________ ______ ___ File, class B _______________________________ O rd e r _________________________________________ P a y r o l l _______________________________________ Co mptometer operators _______________________ Duplicating-machine operators (mimeograDh or ditto) Key-punch operators __________________________ Office girls _____________________________________ S ecr eta rie s _ ...... ... ............. Stenographers, general ______________________ Stenographers, technical _____________________ Switchboard operators ________________________ Switchboard ope rato r-rece ption ists ________ Tabulating-machine operators ______________ Tr an scr ibi ng -m ac h in e operators , peneral . .... _ ........... .. .... Typists, class A _______________________________ Typists, class R _. 00 00 00 50 00 00 50 50 00 00 00 50 50 50 50 00 50 50 50 50 50 00 50 00 00 50 50 50 00 50 00 00 50 00 50 00 50 50 00 Professional and technical Men Draftsmen, Draftsmen, Draftsmen, Tracers . . leader _____________________________ senior _____________________________ junior _____________ _____________ . . _ _ _ _ _ - _ 121.00 107.50 82. 00 - 92. 50 70. 00 84. 50 84. 50 - Women N u r s e s , indust rial (re gi ste re d) _____________ 1 Earnings NOTE: relate to standard sa la rie s that are paid for standard w or k schedules. Dashes indicate no data or insufficient data to ■rant presentation. . 21 T a b le A - 3 : O ffic e o c c u p a tio n s-n o n m a n u fa c tu rin g (A v e r a g e weekly earnings 1 for selected occupations studied in nonmanufacturing) South Northeast Sex, occupation, and grade Boston2 Buffalo Ne w York Ci ty 2 Pitts Phila delphia2 burgh Atlanta Birm ing ham North Central Dallas Cleve land2 Kansas City 50 50 00 00 50 00 $90.00 83. 50 57. 00 $86. 66. 72. 46. 74. Memphis 2 Chicago2 West Lo s MinneA n ge le s apol is Long St. Paul Beach2 Portland San FranSeattle 2 cis co Oakland2 Office clerical Men Clerks: Accounting, class A _______________________ Accounting, class B _______________________ O rd er P a y ro l l __________ ________________________ Office bovs Tabulatinp-machine operators _ _ ___ $78.50 60. 50 76. 00 44. 50 69. 00 $75. 50 - $87.00 67. 50 74. 50 78. 50 49. 00 73. 00 $86.00 64. 50 77. 00 46. 00 69. 00 $91. 00 81.00 83. 00 50. 50 76. 00 57. 00 46. 50 51. 50 52. 00 63. 50 65. 50 56. 50 52. 50 58. 50 50. 00 60. 00 48. 50 71.00 60. 00 64. 51. 57. 44. 55. 59. 52. 00 50 00 00 00 00 50 71.00 49. 00 50. 00 41. 50 50. 00 63. 50 52. 50 75. 61. 64. 51. 63. 73. 65. 48. 53. 43. 66. 57. 61. 52. 54. 59. 50 50 50 00 00 50 50 50 50 55. 00 43. 00 70. 00 57. 00 52. 00 54. 00 62. 00 56. 60. 49. 80. 65. 75. 63. 63. 71. 53. 00 55. 50 47. 50 $86. 65. 72. 77. 48. 66. 50 50 00 50 00 50 $84.00 68. 00 71.50 43. 00 75. 50 56. 50 54. 50 53. 50 53. 00 63. 50 52. 50 65. 50 51. 00 50 50 00 00 00 00 00 66. 54. 56. 43. 50. 59. 57. 69. 54. 49. 46. 55. 70. 59. 50 50 00 50 50 00 50 00 50 56. 00 43. 50 70. 50 58. 00 54. 00 54. 00 60. 00 48. 00 55. 00 45. 50 73. 50 60. 00 56. 50 59. 00 73. 50 51. 00 52. 50 46. 50 66. 00 63. 50 55. 50 54. 00 54. 50 48. 50 104.50 78. 50 98. 50 " 124. 50 82. 50 102. 50 68. 00 72. 00 - 84. 50 73. 50 $86. 64. 71. 76. 45. 68. 00 00 50 50 00 00 $88. 00 70. 50 66. 50 43. 00 81.00 $88. 68. 90. 85. 54. 81. 50. 50 50. 50 54. 50 52. 50 50. 50 44. 50 66. 00 63. 00 58. 50 55. 50 57. 00 49. 00 62. 00 52. 50 62. 50 49. 50 70. 54. 54. 44. 52. 61. 57. 70. 54. 56. 43. 54. 56. 49. 00 50 00 00 50 50 00 66. 56. 55. 44. 52. 62. 57. 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 53. 50 46. 50 72. 00 60. 50 50. 00 55. 50 56. 00 47. 50 55. 00 44. 00 69. 00 55. 00 47. 00 48. 50 61. 50 52. 42. 72. 60. 69. 49. 57. 62. 52. 00 54. 50 49..50 55. 50 55. 00 47. 50 56. 50 46. 50 99. 00 71. 50 105.50 71.00 67. 00 " - - 50 50 $86.50 64. 50 81. 00 49. 50 72. 00 $90.00 77. 00 87. 00 98. 50 56. 00 85. 00 $93. 50 68. 00 83. 50 52. 00 89. 50 $84.50 71.00 84. 50 82. 50 55. 00 79. 50 58. 50 - 58. 50 _ 55. 00 58. 50 65. 00 67. 00 56. 00 58. 00 65. 50 63. 50 59. 00 65. 00 78. 00 64. 00 75. 50 58. 00 64. 00 55. 50 53. 50 78. 00 57. 50 73. 00 54. 50 76. 00 58. 00 68. 00 56. 50 63. 00 52. 00 46. 00 53. j O 55. 00 50. 00 78. 63. 65. 52. 64. 73. 67. 00 00 50 50 00 50 00 74. 00 59. 00 65. 00 49. 50 61.00 65. 00 61. 50 73. 56. 60. 47. 58. 64. 61. 00 50 00 50 00 00 00 71. 55. 60. 47. r 5. 63. 59. 50 00 50 50 5,, 50 00 79. 65. 64. 50. 74. 77. 71. 00 50 50 50 50 50 50 75. 00 63. 00 62.00 47. 50 60. 00 66. 50 62. 50 76. 62. 67. 52. 71. 75. 67. 69. 59. 57. 48. 60. 66. 63. 50 00 50 00 00 00 50 00 55. 50 43. 00 64. 00 54. 50 43. 00 52. 50 - 62. 66. 53. 82. 70. 63. 65. 73. 50 00 50 00 00 52. 60. 45. 74. 59. 52. 57. 68. 50 00 50 50 50 50 50 50 61. 50 50. 00 79. 50 64. 00 59. 50 61. 00 69. 00 50 00 50 57. 00 53. 50 44. 50 71. 00 60. 00 57. 00 54. 50 60. 50 58. 69. 52. 84. 70. 76. 64. 67. 82. 50 50 50 00 00 50 00 00 00 53. 64. 46. 77. 64. 56. 59. - 63. 00 64. 50 53. 50 79. 00 69. 00 64. 00 64. 50 76. 50 53. 50 60. 00 48. 00 73. 00 63. 00 60. 00 60. 50 61. 50 53. 50 54. 50 47. 50 54. 00 55. 50 44. 50 67. 00 67. 00 57. 50 63. 00 64. 00 54. 00 61. 00 63. 50 50. 00 56. 00 56. 00 49. 50 64. 00 64. 50 56. 00 58. 00 61.00 53. 00 64. 50 63. 50 56. 00 58. 00 57. 50 50. 00 _ _ 100.00 122.50 98. 50 - - - - - 98. 50 78. 00 - - - 88. 50 - 00 50 00 $88. 75. 82. 47. 83. 50 50 50 50 00 Wome n B il l e r s , machine: Billing machine _____________________________ Bookkeeping machine ______________________ Bookkeeping-machine operators: C l a s s A ___________ __________________________ C l as s B .......... ....... — — ___ _____ ________ Clerks: Accounting, class A _______________________ Accounting, class B _______________________ File , class A ________________________________ File, class B ................................................ O r d e r _______ ________________ __________________ P a y r o l l _______________________________________ Comptometer o p e r a t o r s ... ................. ............ Duplicating-machine operators (mimeograph or ditto) ................................... Key-punch operators __________________________ Office girls _____________________________________ Sec retaries _____________________________________ Stenographers, general ______________________ Stenographers, technical _________ ______ ____ Switchboard operators ________________________ Switchboard op er at or-recep tionists ________ Tabulating-machine operators _____________ _ Tr ans cri bin g-m ac hin e operators, general _________________________________________ Typists, class A _______________________________ Typists, class R _ _ ... .... 00 50 00 50 50 50 50 50 00 00 50 50 00 00 50 50 00 50 50 50 50 50 50 00 50 00 50 50 00 50 50 00 50 50 50 00 00 50 50 50 50 50 Professional and technical Men Draftsmen, senior _____________________________ Draftsmen, junior _____________________________ _ 89. 50 70. 00 _ - 118. 00 87. 00 - 83., 50 _ - Women N u rs es , industrial (reg ist er ed ) _ 1 Earnings relate to standard sa la rie s that are paid for standard wo rk schedules. 2 Exceptions to the standard industry limitations are shown in footnotes 4 and/or 6 to the table in appendix B. NOTE: Dashes indicate no data or insufficient data to w ar ra nt presentation. - - 22 Ta b le A -4 : (A v e ra g e weekly e_.v- i O ffic e occupations - public utilitie s * 1 for ^elected occupations studied in transportation, communication, and other public utilities) Northeast Sex, occupation, and grade Boston2 Buffalo Ne w York Ci ty 2 South Phila delphia Pitts burgh $93. 50 45. 50 $104. 50 97. 50 48. 50 Atlanta Birm ing ham $101.00 84. 00 51. 50 71. 50 $42.00 North Central Dallas >C l e v e Me m p h is 2 Ch ic ag o2 land2 Kansas City West Lo s Minne Angeles apolis Long St. Paul Beach 2 Portland San FranSeattle2 ci s co Ou.ki_ nd 2 Office clerical Men C l e rk s, accounting, class A _________________ C le rk s , accounting, clas j B ___ ___________ Office boys _______'_______________________________ Tabulating-machine operators ______________ $89.00 43. 00 $87. 00 - ' " $96.00 79. 50 51. 50 84. 00 • . $87. 00 66. 50 44. 00 71.00 . - $96. 00 59. 50 88. 50 . " $82.50 69. 50 83. 00 _ 63. 00 $63. 00 81. 50 61. 50 52. 50 60. 00 65. 00 65. 00 86. 00 62. 00 66. 00 - $88. 00 72. 00 84. 50 $93. 50 _ 71. 50 64. 50 _ 60. 50 50. 50 64. 50 _ 57. 00 _ 74. 00 66. 00 69. 00 _ - 79.50 73. 50 65. 00 74. 50 68. 50 73. 50 . 88. 00 72. 50 73. 00 7b. 50 76. 50 69. 50 62. 50 82. 00 77. 50 73. 00 _ 83. 00 7 3.00 - 68. 00 64. 50 81. 50 73. 00 57. 50 72. 50 . 63. 50 . 84. 00 ( 7. 00 6b. 50 _ 62. 50 61.00 73. 00 64. 00 56. 00 68. 50 _ 68. 00 _ 80. 50 65. 00 61. 00 59. 00 105.00 95. 00 . - - $92. 81. 58. 85. 50 50 00 50 $87.00 _ _ Women Bi ll er s, machine (billing machine) __________ C le rk s: Accounting, clas s A _______________________ Accounting, cla ss R __ Fil e, class B ________________________________ P a y ro l l _______________________________________ Comptometer operators ______________________ Key-punch operators _ _ _ Office girls _____________________________________ Se cre tar ies _____________________________________ Stenographers, general ___ Switchboard operators __ __ _ . __ Switchboard op er at or-recep tionists _ _ ... Tabulating-machine operators ______________ Typists, class A _______________________________ Typists, class B ___ ____ __________ ____________ . _ 69. 59. 45. 61. 59. 50 50 00 50 00 - 73. 50 6?. 50 84. 00 69. 00 65. 50 - 81. 00 60. 00 64. 00 55. 50 48. 00 53. 00 _ _ - 88. 00 71.00 55. 00 72. 50 70. 50 62. 50 47. 50 89. 00 67. 50 67. 00 69. 50 75. 00 63. 50 60. 00 54. 50 68. 50 63. 00 56.00 45. 50 85. 00 62. 00 63. 50 61.00 73. 50 55. 50 52. 00 84. 50 58. 50 51. 50 65. 50 64. 50 61. 50 88. 50 64. 50 64. 00 67. 00 60. 00 85. 50 61. 00 - - - 53. 50 - 104.50 110.00 69. 50 _ - 70. 00 53. 00 57. 50 44. 50 99. 00 61. 50 66. 50 61. 00 64. 00 - 53. 50 85. 00 - 68. 00 $75.50 68. 50 - 64. 50 69. 00 68. 50 89. 00 74. 00 72. 00 - _ $57.50 62. 00 _ . 89. 50 65. 00 - - - - - 56. 00 49. 00 - 73. 50 " * 62. 00 59. 50 76. 00 _ 80. 63. 48. 63. 64. 60. 43. 76. 60. 59. 66. 00 50 50 50 50 50 50 00 50 00 50 - - 58. 50 . . 7 f .00 77.50 8 5.0 0 70. 50 61. 00 Professional and technical Men Draftsmen, senior ................................... ........ Draftsmen, junior ________ ______________ ______ 68. 50 114.50 71. 50 . 1 Earnings relate to standard sa la r ie s that are paid for standard wo rk schedules. 2 1 or more utilities ar e m u n i c i p a l ^ operated, and therefore excluded fro m the scope of the studies. * Transportation (excluding ra il ro a ds ), communication, and other public utilities. NOTE: Dashes indicate no data or insufficient data to w ar ra nt presentation. 112.00 94. 00 _ See footnote 4 to the table in appendix B. - 23 T a b le A -5 : O ffic e o c c u p a tio n s-w h o le sa le tra d e (A v e r a g e weekly earnings 1 for occupations studied in wholesale trade) Northeast Sex, occupation, and grade Boston New Yo rk City South Phila delphia Pitts burgh Atlanta North Ce ntral Chicago Cle ve land West Minne apolis St. Paul Los Angeles Long Beach San Franci s co Oakland O f f i c e clerical Men C le rk s : Accounting, cl a ss A ______ _______________ Accounting, class B -------------- __ ________ O r d e r _____ __ _____ _______________________ Office boys ______________________________________ Tabulating-machine operators ______________ $83. 66. 76. 48. 75. 50 50 00 50 50 $88. 73. 74. 52. 77. 00 50 50 00 50 $92. 73. 76. 50. 80. 50 50 50 50 00 $96. 50 69.00 83. 00 48. 50 - $85. 65. 73. 48. 73. 00 50 00 00 50 $89. 50 70. 00 91.00 53. 50 83. 50 $84. 00 - $80. 50 80. 00 - - - $91. 00 87. 00 56. 50 85. 00 $81. 50 84. 00 _ 87. 50 Women B il le r s , machine (billing machine) _________ Bookkeeping-machine operators: C l a s s A __________ __________________________ C l a s s B — _________________________________ C le rk s: Accounting, cla ss A _______________________ Accounting, cl a ss B _______________________ File , class A ________________________________ File, class B __________ ____________ ____ O rd er _________________________________________ P a y r o l l ------------------- -----------------------------------Comptometer operators ________________ ____ Key-punch operators __________________________ Office girls _____________________________________ Se cre tar ies ____________ ______________________ Stenographers, general _________ ___________ Switchboard operators ________________________ Switchboard ope rat or-receptionists ________ Tra nsc rib ing -m ac hi ne operators, g e n e r a l _________________________________________ Typists, class A _______________________________ Typists, cla ss B _ ____ 1 60. 00 66. 50 - 54. 50 58. 50 68. 00 - - 68. 50 - 63. 50 56. 50 72. 50 66. 50 63. 00 56. 50 66. 00 57. 50 78. 00 65. 00 62. 50 57. 00 80. 50 69. 50 7,.. 00 64. 00 71. 50 56. 00 66. 50 48. 00 61.00 67. 50 59. 00 60. 50 70. 00 62. 00 59. 00 59. 50 75. 67. 64. 53. 64. 77. 65. 63. 48. 80. 66. 67. 64. 50 00 00 50 50 00 00 00 50 50 50 00 00 71. 00 62. 50 49 . 00 64. 00 62. 00 72. 00 64. 00 63. 50 54. 50 6 1 . 50 50. 50 60. 00 63. 00 74. 50 63. 00 6 1 . 00 71. 58. 60. 49. 53. 65. 58. 55. 49. 72. 64. 56. 51. 50 62. 50 78. 50 67. 00 63. 50 56. 50 52. 50 71. 00 60. 00 - 50 81. 50 67. 00 66. 50 57. 00 69. 00 76. 00 72. 00 55. 50 85. 00 71.00 72. 50 66. 00 73. 50 64. 00 55. 50 78. 00 69. 00 70. 00 5 5.00 80. 50 79. 00 73. 00 74. 00 54. 50 82. 50 72. 00 68. 50 70. 00 77. 50 67. 50 70. 50 55. 00 84. 00 82. 50 67. 50 69. 50 83. 00 72. 00 66. 00 63. 50 58. 00 66. 00 51.00 69. 00 67. 50 59. 50 52. 00 56. 00 51.00 59. 50 58. 00 51.00 66. 00 72. 00 59. 00 55. 50 57. 00 54. 00 6u. 00 69. 50 62. 00 64. 50 65. 50 57. 50 Earnings relate to standard s a la ri e s that ar e paid for standard w or k schedules. NOTE: Dashes indicate no data or insufficient data to w ar ra nt presentation. 00 00 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 - 24 Ta b le A -6 : O ffic e o c c u p a tio n s- re ta il tra d e ( A ve ra ge weekly earnings 1 for selected occupations studied in retail t ra de ) South Northeast Sex, occupation, and grade Boston Office New York City2 Phila delphia2 P it t s burgh Atlanta North Central D a lla s Chicago Minneap ol is St. P aul vVe st Portland San Francis co Oakland Seattle cl er ic al Men C le rk s , accounting, cl a ss A C le rk s , accounting, cl as s B _ _ _ _ ............ _ $84. 00 63. 50 _ . “ " . _ . _ $82. 00 65.50 $85.00 63.00 $87.0 0 70. 00 46. 00 - 50. 00 - . 57.00 $51.50 - $46. 50 - 54.50 48.50 64. 00 57. 50 57. 50 68. 50 61.50 63.50 52.00 39.00 43.50 58.50 56.00 7 1. 00 56. 00 44. 50 52.50 48. 00 61.00 52.00 56.00 63. 50 6 2 . 00 78.50 66. 00 58. 50 56. 50 - 72. 50 57. 00 59. 00 59. 00 57. 00 66. 50 53. 50 53. 00 52.50 49. 00 76.50 64. 00 54. 00 60. 50 69.50 67.50 66.50 77. 00 69.00 64. 50 59. 00 63. 50 57. 00 50. 50 58. 00 66. 00 61. 00 70. 50 61. 50 60. 50 62. 50 57.00 - ■ Wom en B i l l e r s , machine: Billing machine _ .......... . .. Bookkeeping machine __________________ __ Bookkeeping-machine oper ato rs, cla s s R C le rk s: Accounting, clas s A Accounting, clas s B __ __ F ile , c la s s B _______________________________ O rd e r ___ _________ _________ _____________ P a y r o l l _______________________________________ Comptometer op er at ors _______ _____________ Key-punch opera tor s __________________________ S e c r e t a r i e s __________________________ _______ _ Stenographers, g e n e r a l ________________________ Switchboard opera tor s ________________________ Switchboard o p e r a t o r - r e c e p t i o n i s t s _________ Typists, cla ss B ________ ___________ _________ $44.00 64. 00 $52. 00 49.50 63. 00 55. 00 60. 00 47. 00 42.00 46. 00 54. 00 50. 50 50. 00 65. 00 52.50 51.50 49. 00 48. 00 73. 50 56. 50 48. 00 57.50 68. 00 63. 00 56. 50 76. 00 63. 00 58. 50 60. 00 52. 50 66.50 52.50 40. 00 46.50 57. 00 55. 00 57.50 72. 00 58. 00 49. 00 55.50 50. 00 Earn ing s relate to standard s a la ri e s that a re paid for standard w or k schedules. Excludes data fo r l im it e d- p ri c e variety stores. NOTE: Da sh e s indicate no data or insufficient data to w ar ra n t presentation. $53. 50 69. 00 56. 00 49. 50 53. 50 65. 50 56. 00 54. 50 67.50 56.50 54. 50 49. 50 6 9.50 50. 50 41.50 48.50 56. 00 56. 50 48. 00 67. 00 55.50 46. 50 51. 00 45.50 53. 00 47.00 49. 50 60. 50 61.00 69. 00 57.00 53. 00 47.00 $65.00 $ 55.50 - 25 T a b le A - 7 : O ffic e O c c u p a tio n s - fin a n c e '* * (Av e ra g e weekly earnings 1 for selected occupations studied in finance, insurance, and r ea l estate) Northeast Sex, occupation, and grade Boston New Y or k City P h i la delpnia South Pitts burgh Atlanta West North Central Dal las Chicago Cleve land Minne ap ol is St. Paul Lo s Angele sLong Beach San F rancis coOakland Office clerical M en C le rk s , accounting, cl a ss A __________________ C le rk s , accounting, cl as s B __________________ Office boys _______________________________________ Tabulating-machine op erators ______________ 50 00 00 00 $84. 50 62.50 49. 00 69.50 $84.00 55.50 45. 00 63. 50 $76.50 69.00 $ 75.50 57. 50 45. 50 62. 50 $ 80. 50 43. 50 66. 00 $ 86. 50 55. 00 76.50 $ 60. 50 - $69.00 $ 86. 00 51.50 80. 00 $69. 00 54. 50 7 3. 00 57.00 47.50 70. 50 58.50 62. 00 50. 00 55.50 49.00 52.50 63. 00 49. 50 63. 00 56.50 50.50 55. 50 55. 50 63.50 50. 00 53.50 43. 50 58. 00 49.50 51.00 44.50 66. 00 55.50 53. 50 53.00 60. 00 51.50 53. 00 47.00 74. 50 59. 00 62.50 50. 00 74.50 64. 50 60. 00 49.50 81.50 64. 00 64. 00 60. 00 7 1.50 64. 50 60. 50 54. 00 64. 50 50. 00 53. 00 42. 50 56. 50 53. 50 42. 00 67.00 54. 00 55. 00 51. 00 59. 50 50. 50 53. 50 46. 50 65. 00 49. 00 62. 49. 52. 43. 56. 50. 45. 67. 55. 59. 4955. 53. 53. 46. 55. 50 49. 50 51.50 42. 50 60. 00 55. 50 48. 50 42. 50 72. 50 58. 50 57 00 56. 00 58. 50 51. 00 53. 00 45. 50 75. 00 61.50 65. 50 50. 50 76. 50 62. 00 64. 50 53. 50 80. 00 68. 00 68. 00 62.50 66. 00 65. 50 57. 00 49. 00 76. 00 60. 50 66. 00 52. 50 69. 00 4 6. 50 50. 50 43. 50 72. 00 57.00 60. 00 58. 00 55. 00 53. 00 48. 50 71. 00 57.50 58. 50 47.50 72. 00 61.50 49. 50 79. 00 67.00 62. 00 61. 00 77.50 61. 00 60. 50 54. 50 68. 50 57.50 65. 50 48. 50 71. 00 60. 50 51. 00 77.50 67.00 64. 00 62. 50 70. 50 64. 00 61. 00 54. 00 $68. 50. 44. 68. - Women Bookkeeping-machine operators: C l a s s A ________________________________________ C l a s s B _______________________________________ Clerk s: Accounting, class A ________________________ Accounting, clas s B ________________________ F ile, cla ss A ____ ____ ________________________ F i l e , c l a s s B _________________________________ P a y r o l l _______________________________________ C om p t o m et e r o p e r a t o r s _______________________ Key-punch op erators ___________________________ Office gi rl s ______________________________________ Sec ret ari es _______________________________________ Stenographers, ge neral ________________________ Switchboard operators _________________________ Switchboard opera tor -re ce pt ion ist s _________ Tabulating-machine o p e r a t o r s ________________ Tran sc rib in g- m a c h in e operators, g e n e r a l __ Typists, class A _________________________________ Typists, cla ss B __ _________ ___________________ 1 Earnin gs relate to standard sa la ri e s that ar e paid for standard w or k schedules. * * Finance, insurance, and rea l estate. NO TE : Dashes indicate no data or insufficient data to w ar ra n t presentation. - 44. 50 49. 00 46.00 67. 00 54. 00 55.50 - 53.00 47.00 CO 50 00 50 50 00 00 00 00 00 50 50 00 50 00 26 T a b le A -8 : O ffic e occ u p a tio n s- se rvic e s (A v e r a g e weekly earnings 1 for selected occupations studied in se rv ic e s ) North Central We st P hi la dclp tia Chicago Lo s A n g e le s Long Beach2 - $69. 50 $60. 50 62.00 53. 00 76. 00 82.50 73. 00 57.00 67.00 69.00 61. 50 80. 50 66. 00 52. 50 74. 50 79.50 68. 00 54. 00 63. 50 56. 00 Northeast Sex, occupation, and grade Boston New Yo rk City O ffice clerical vVomen Bookkeeping-machine operators, class B Cler ks : Accounting, c la ss A ___________________________ Accounting, cla ss B ___________________________ F il e , c la ss B ..................................................... P a y r o l l ____ ___________________ ___________________ Secr et ar ie s ________________________________________ Stenographers, ge neral __________________________ Switchboard op erators ____________________________ Switchboard o p e r a t o r - r e c e p t i o n i s t s _______ _____ Typists, cl a ss A ................. ............... .................... Typists, clas s B ___________________________________ $66.5 0 54. 50 45. 00 59.50 60. 00 52. 00 45.50 52. 00 58. 00 45.50 $67.50 74.00 61.00 52. 00 7 1.50 78. 50 67.00 61. 00 62.50 67.50 58. 50 $ 59.00 44. 00 65. 00 58. 00 44. 50 51. 50 58. 50 50. 00 1 E ar ni ng s relate to standard sa la ri e s that ar e paid for standard work schedules. 2 Excludes motion-picture production and allied serv ic es; data for these industries in dustries" and "nonmanufacturing." NOTE: Dash es indicate no data or insufficient data to warrant presentation. ar e included, however, in "a ll 27 Ta b le A -9 : P la nt o c c u p a tio n s- a ll in d u strie s (A v e r a g e hourly earn in gs 1 fo r selected occupations studied in 6 broad industry division s) South N orth east Occupation 2 Boston* B u ffalo N ew Y o rk C ity* P h ila delphia* P it t s burgh Atlanta B ir m in g ham N o rth C e n tra l D a lla s M em phis* Chicago* C le v e land* Kansas C ity W est Los M in n eA n g e le s a p o lis Lon g St. P a u l Beach* P ortlan d San F ran Seattle* c is c o Oakland* Maintenance and powerplant C a r p e n t e r s __ ____________ _____ __________ E le c tric ia n s ___________ _______________________ E n g in e e rs, s t a t io n a r y ___ ___________________ F ire m e n , stationary b o ile r __________________ H e lp e rs , trades ________________________________ M ach in e-tool o p e ra to rs, t o o lr o o m _________ M achinists ______________________________________ M echanics _______________________________________ M echanics, autom otive _______________________ M illw rig h ts _____________________________________ O ile rs P a in te rs _________ ______________________________ P ip e fitte rs ______________________________________ P l u m b e r s ____ __ ______________________________ S h eet-m etal w o rk e rs __________________________ Tool and die m ak ers __________________________ $2. 2. 2. 1. 1. 2. 2. 2. 2. 2. 1. 1. 2. 2. 2. 2. 22 32 26 88 83 25 30 14 07 19 81 96 24 24 29 51 $2. 2. 2. 2. 2. 2. 2. 2. 2. 2. 2. 2. 2. 1. 1. 1. 1. 1. 1. i: 1. 1. 1. 1. 1. 1. 1. 1. 2. 16 06 72 42 22 61 67 59 31 69 81 79 98 73 86 17 1. 1. 2. 1. 1. 1. 1. 2. 1. 1. 2. 2. 2. 1. 2. 2. 2. 1. 1. 1. 02 87 89 42 2. 2. 2. 1. 50 63 34 07 16 51 56 52 26 54 17 23 47 $2. 2. 2. 2. 1. 2. 2. 2. 2. 2. 2. 2. 2. 2. 2. 2. 38 40 56 00 89 34 56 42 30 44 00 18 42 17 45 69 $2. 2. 2. 1. 2. 2. 2. 2. 2. 2. 1. 2. 2. 2. 2. 2. 48 47 16 99 05 37 55 38 32 36 84 23 53 31 43 58 $2. 2. 2. 2. 2. 2. 2. 2. 2. 2. 2. 2. 2. 2. 2. 2. 50 66 43 16 09 58 71 55 49 63 13 33 50 30 52 78 24 07 03 70 27 86 95 06 54 92 01 01 13 99 07 20 1. 1. 1. 1. 1. 1. 1. 1. 1. 1. 2. 1. 2. 2. 2. 2. 62 46 69 54 37 80 83 57 45 87 03 92 47 07 44 40 1. 1. 1. 1. 1. 1. 1. 1. 1. 1. 2. 2. 2. 1. 2. 2. 48 21 68 49 17 72 87 66 33 80 03 02 21 96 19 31 l. 1. 2. 1. 1. 1. 2. 2. 1. 2. 2. 2. 2. 2. 2. 2. 72 34 15 68 41 96 06 00 66 05 16 02 37 26 40 51 . 1. 1. . 1. 1. 1. 1. 1. 1. 1. 1. 1. 1. 2. 21 07 15 61 2. 2. 2. 1. 73 26 16 65 2. 1. 1. 1. 20 94 84 52 2. 2. 2. 1. 26 03 40 79 1. 70 1. 24 - 2. 53 2. 69 $2. 08 2. 41 1. 93 1. 51 1. 63 2. 30 2. 06 2. 03 1. 55 2. 11 2. 52 ~ $2. 50 2. 66 2. 47 1. 93 2. 04 2. 28 2. 89 2. 31 2. 04 2. 09 2. 25 $2. 2. 1. 1. 1. 16 18 86 59 48 $2. 2. 2. 1. 1. 26 12 97 25 77 04 43 07 96 35 91 90 46 - 61 $2. 2. 2. 2. 2. 2. 2. 2. 2. 2. 2. 2. 2. 2. 2. 2. 65 77 75 20 11 59 75 49 59 60 09 76 68 78 69 92 - $2. 47 2. 58 2. 52 2. 14 2. 12 2. 52 2. 59 2. 48 2. 43 2. 50 2. 12 2. 35 2. 54 2. 49 2. 71 2. 46 2. 14 2. 43 2. 2. 1. 2. 1. 1. 2. 2. . 1. 1. . 1. 1. 1. 1. 1. 1. 1. 1. 1. 1. 70 64 77 55 48 45 63 . 86 . 85 1. 72 1. 16 . 84 1. 33 1. 44 1. 33 1. 15 1. 71 1. 70 1. 76 1. 63 1. 46 1. 69 1. 66 . . 1. 1. . 1. 1. 1. 1. 1. 1. 1. 1. 1. 1. 1. 74 56 80 14 85 32 37 38 13 58 73 73 63 09 60 76 1. 1. 1. 1. 1. 1. 1. 1. 1. 2. 2. 2. 2. 2. 2. 2. 97 25 94 69 51 86 87 79 66 00 11 06 38 36 33 44 1. 1. 2. 1. 1. 1. 1. 2. 1. 2. 2. 2. 1. 2. 2. 2. 06 1. 74 1. 31 1. 61 1. 82 1. 20 1. 50 1. 53 1. 08 2. 2. 2. 1. 40 08 02 31 2. 09 2. 37 1. 60 - 2. 2. 1. 2. 1. 2. 13 37 09 22 33 - $2. 2. 2. 2. 1. 2. 2. 2. 2. 2. 2. 2. 2. 2. 52 53 41 13 98 58 66 43 18 05 32 58 32 37 51 07 63 65 53 73 $2. 2. 2. 2. 2. 2. 2. 2. 2. 2. 2. 2. 2. 2. 2. 1. 1. 1. 1. 1. 1. 1. 1. 1. 1. 1. 1. 2. 1. 2. 2. 02 08 73 47 17 82 82 69 39 91 98 99 04 78 04 11 2. 04 1. 86 1. 50 53 40 31 58 03 56 58 60 65 $2. 2. 2. 2. 2. 2. 2. 2. 2. 2. 2. 2. 2. 2. 2. 2. 52 67 64 23 09 60 68 46 46 60 05 41 62 59 61 78 $2. 63 2. 66 2. 44 2. 19 2. 05 2. 50 2. 61 2. 52 2. 42 2. 61 2. 07 2. 63 2. 5 6 2. 65 " 1. 1. 1. 1. 1. 1. 1. 1. 1. 2. 2. 2. 2. 2. 2. 2. 42 34 93 57 36 94 87 89 41 02 07 03 18 19 16 20 1. 1. 2. 1. 1. 2. 2. 1. 1. 2. 2. 2. 2. 2. 2. 2. 33 36 02 64 38 00 03 92 76 09 14 14 26 01 22 30 1. 2. 2. 2. 2. 2. 2. 98 15 07 19 02 14 29 2. 2. 1. 1. 20 06 99 64 2. 2. 2. 1. 35 14 13 72 2. 2. 2. 1. 20 08 19 7? $2. 2. 2. 2. 2. 2. 2. 2. 2. 2. 2. 2. 2. 2. 2. 70 71 54 38 20 64 70 63 65 66 17 57 69 60 97 $2. 38 2. 51 2. 36 2. 07 1. 98 2. 48 2. 47 2. 43 2. 39 2. 09 2. 39 2. 37 2. 72 Custodial, warehousing, and shipping E le v a to r o p e ra to rs, p a sse n g e r (men) ______ E levator o p e ra to rs, p a sse n g e r (w o m e n )___ G uards _____________________________________ ______ Janitors, p o rte rs , and c le a n e rs ( m e n ) _____ Janitors, p o rte rs , and cle a n e rs (w om en )__ _ L a b o r e r s , m a te ria l handling _________________ O rd e r fille r s ___________________________________ P a c k e r s , shipping (m en) ______________________ P a c k e r s , shipping (wom en) __________________ R eceivin g c le rk s ______ ______________________ Shipping c le rk s _________________________________ Shipping and rec e iv in g c le rk s _______________ T ru c k d riv e rs 5 _________________________________ L igh t (under \ l!z tons) _____________________ M edium ( 1 V2 to and including 4 t o n s ) ___ H eavy (o v e r 4 tons, t r a ile r type) ________ Heavy (o v e r 4 tons, other than tr a ile r t y p e ) ______ __________________ ____ T ru c k e rs , pow er (fo rk lift) ___________________ T ru c k e rs, power (other than fo rk lift) ______ W atchm en _______________________________________ 1 2 * 4 5 55 93 17 76 42 41 40 27 60 71 79 71 34 68 02 63 82 30 85 51 52 38 E xcludes p rem iu m pay fo r overtim e and fo r w o rk on weekends, holidays, and late shifts. Data lim ited to men w o rk e rs except w here o th erw ise indicated. Exceptions to the standard industry lim itations are shown in footnotes 4 and/or 6 to the table in appendix B. C erta in m anufacturing w o rk e rs included in e a r lie r rep o rts w e re r e c la s s ifie d and excluded. Had they been included the earnin Includes a ll d r iv e r s , r e g a rd le s s of size and type of truck operated. NOTE: D ashes indicate no data or insufficient data to w a rra n t presentation. 24 12 03 67 30 98 96 01 52 04 13 28 97 26 31 s would have been $2. 13. 1. 21 2. 03 1. 61 1. 36 1. 99 1.97 1. 89 - 1. 62 1. 75 1. 85 1. 81 1. 72 4 2. 07 2. 10 1. 99 1. 64 2. 17 2. 19 2. 30 2. 42 2. 37 2. 39 2. 49 2. 2. 2. 1. 45 16 25 86 1. 1. 1. 1. 1. 2. 1. 1. 1. 2. 2. 2. 2. 2. 2. 38 88 57 48 94 00 90 59 87 05 03 25 13 18 33 2. 2. 2. 1. 29 04 04 73 28 Ta b le A -1 0: P la n t occupations - m a nufa cturing (A v e ra g e hourly earn in gs 1 fo r selected occupations studied in m anufacturing) South N orth east O ccupation 2 Boston B u ffalo N ew Y o rk C ity P h ila delphia P it t s burgh Atlanta B ir m in g ham N orth C e n tra l D a lla s M em phis C h icago C le v e land Kansas C ity W est Los M in n e A n geles a p o lis Lon g St. P a u l Beach P o rtlan d San F ran c is c o Oakland Seattle M aintenance and powerplant Carpqj^ters ______________________________________ E le c tric ia n s _______________ _________ ________ E n g in e e rs, station ary _ ________ ____________ F ire m e n , stationary b o ile r _____ ___________ H e lp e rs , trades ____________ _________________ M ach in e-tool o p e ra to rs, t o o lr o o m __________ M achinists ______ ______________________________ M echanics __________ __ __ _____ ____________ M echanics, autom otive ________________________ M illw rig h ts _____________________________________ O i l e r s _______ _________________ ___ _______ ____ __ P a in te rs __ _____ __ _____ ______________ _ P ip e fitte rs ______ _____ _________ ____________ S h eet-m etal w o r k e r s _____ ____ __________ _ Tool and die m a k e rs _________ _______________ $2. 2. 2. 1. 1. 2. 2. 2. 2. 2. 1. 2. 2. 2. 2. 17 36 36 93 85 25 30 11 26 19 80 10 24 31 52 $2. 2. 2. 2. 2. 2. 2. 2. 2. 2. 2. 2. 2. 2. 2. 51 64 41 11 18 51 56 52 39 54 19 31 47 54 69 $2. 42 2. 57 2. 80 2. 31 1. 93 2. 34 2. 56 2. 48 2.41 2. 45 2. 10 2. 44 2. 48 2. 45 2. 69 $2. 2. 2. 2. 2. 2. 2. 2. 2. 2. 1. 2. 2. 2. 2. 44 48 25 03 10 37 54 38 39 36 84 35 52 43 58 $2. 2. 2. 2. 2. 2. 2. 2. 2. 2. 2. 2. 2. 2. 2. 48 66 47 19 09 58 71 54 55 63 14 35 53 51 78 $2. 08 2. 41 2. 35 1. 54 1. 69 2. 28 1. 99 2. 05 1. 55 2. 34 2. 52 - - $2. 52 2. 68 2. 73 2. 02 2. 11 2. 28 2. 89 2. 32 2. 19 2. 09 2. 25 2. 46 $2. 20 2. 32 2. 16 1. 73 1. 57 2. 35 2. 15 1. 93 1. 77 2. 21 2. 43 $1. 99 2. 44 2. 22 1. 21 1. 26 2. 44 2. 10 1. 78 2. 35 2. 01 2. 14 2. 46 2. 61 $2. 2. 2. 2. 2. 2. 2. 2. 2. 2. 2. 2. 2. 2. 2. 47 72 67 11 09 59 74 48 50 60 06 50 64 69 92 $2. 2. 2. 2. 2. 2. 2. 2. 2. 2. 2. 2. 2. 2. 2. 45 59 56 15 16 52 59 49 45 50 12 42 54 49 71 $2. 2. 2. 2. 2. 2. 2. 2. 2. 2. 2. 2. 2. 2. 55 55 59 23 11 56 39 34 58 04 53 59 53 73 $2. 2. 2. 2. 2. 2. 2. 2. 2. 2. 2. 2. 2. 2. 2. 56 62 42 21 01 32 57 31 39 51 07 60 64 60 65 $2. 2. 2. 2. 2. 2. 2. 2. 2. 2. 2. 2. 2. 2. 2. 46 63 64 36 09 60 67 46 42 60 04 38 62 60 77 $2. 2. 2. 2. 2. 2. 2. 2. 2. 2. 2. 2. 2. - 56 65 45 14 03 50 63 53 40 61 07 62 57 $2. 2. 2. 2. 2. 2. 2. 2. 2. 2. 2. 2. 2. 2. 66 74 77 43 25 64 71 65 68 66 17 64 69 97 $2. 37 2. 49 2. 32 2. 09 1. 97 2. 49 2. 46 2. 37 2. 39 2. 09 2. 33 2. 38 2. 72 ' Custodial, warehousing, and shipping G u ards ___________________________________________ Jan ito rs, p o rte rs , and c le a n e rs (m en) ____ Jan itors, p o rte rs , and c le a n e rs (w om en )__ L a b o r e r s , m a te ria l handling ________________ O rd e r fille r s ____________________________________ P a c k e r s , shipping (m en) ______________________ P a c k e r s , shipping (wom en) __________________ R eceiving c le rk s _______________________________ Shipping c le rk s _________________________________ Shipping and re c e iv in g c le rk s _______________ T ru c k d riv e rs 4 _____ _________ _____ ________ Ligh t (under 1V2 tons) ______ __________ M edium ( 1 V2 to and including 4 t o n s ) ___ H eavy (o v e r 4 tons, t r a ile r type) ________ H eavy (o v e r 4 tons, other than tr a ile r type) _______________________________ T ru c k e rs , po w er (fo rk lift) ___________________ T ru c k e r 8, pow er (other than fo rk lift) ______ 1 2 3 4 1. 1. 1. 1. 1. 1. 1. 1. 1. 1. 2. 1. 2. 2. 78 54 34 59 76 59 38 79 91 79 01 92 00 00 2. 1. 1. 1. 1. 2. 1. 2. 2. 2. 2. 2. 2. 2. 1. 1. 1. 06 83 89 49 2. 2. 2. 1. 04 83 57 90 87 08 62 02 08 06 15 05 03 1. 1. 1. 1. 1. 1. 1. 1. 2. 1. 2. 2. 2. 2. 87 57 53 88 64 55 43 92 08 82 66 14 62 47 1. 1. 1. 1. 1. 1. 1. 1. 2. 1. 2. 2. 2. 2. 92 61 40 73 73 70 52 94 01 87 19 10 23 17 2. 1. 1. 1. 2. 2. 1. 2. 2. 1. 2. 2. 2. 2. 16 80 67 97 00 04 65 06 17 96 41 29 56 31 1. 1. 1. 1. 1. 1. 1. 22 07 15 71 2. 95 2. 24 1. 58 2. 1. 1. 1. 17 92 83 61 2. 2. 2. 1. 22 00 39 83 1. 77 1.24 - 2. 1. 1. 1. 1. 1. 07 38 10 40 39 55 1. 1. 1. 1. 1. 1. 71 79 94 41 42 26 85 2. 1. 1. 1. 1. 1. 1. - 87 53 17 61 89 50 1. 1. 1. 1. 1. 1. 03 93 88 69 70 71 52 1. 1. 1. 1. 1. 1. 1. - 82 39 21 45 66 44 - 2. 06 1. 75 1. 37 98 87 82 57 44 42 78 1. 68 1. 94 1. 34 1. 1. 1. 1. 1. 1. 1. 1. 1. 1. 1. 1. 1. 1. 86 35 24 31 44 34 13 87 81 71 43 33 48 55 1. 65 1. 83 1. 14 1. 1. 1. 1. 1. 1. 1. 2. 2. 2. 2. 2. 2. 2. 98 73 57 82 88 83 70 07 24 06 43 53 34 42 2. 08 2. 00 1. 69 2. 1, 1. 1. 2. 2. 1. 2. 2. 2. 2. 2. 2. 05 80 63 94 00 04 58 05 13 20 06 18 31 2. 09 2. 37 1. 75 E xcludes p rem iu m pay fo r overtim e and fo r w o rk on w eekends, h olidays, and late shifts. D ata lim ited to m en w o rk e rs except w h ere oth erw ise indicated. C e rta in w o rk e rs included in e a r lie r re p o rts w e re r e c la s s ifie d and excluded. H ad they been included the earn in gs would have been $2. 13. Includes a ll d r iv e r s , re g a r d le s s of size and type of truck operated. NOTE: D ashes indicate no data o r insufficient data to w a rra n t presentation. 2. 1. 1. 1. 1. 1. 1. 1. 1. 2. 2. 1. 2. - 09 71 58 88 83 93 55 98 98 01 07 76 13 2. 08 2. 06 1. 66 1. 1. 1. 1. 1. 1. 1. 2. 2. 2. 2. 2. 2. - _ 97 68 54 89 87 86 48 08 06 05 18 26 14 2. 1. 1. 1. 1. 1. 1. 2. 2. 2. 2. 1. 2. 2. 02 78 69 96 90 94 75 04 08 13 24 93 28 34 2. 2. 2. 2. 1. 2. 2. 26 22 17 22 98 17 30 1. 95 1. 98 1. 75 2. 2. 1. 1. 30 09 99 78 2. 2. 2. 1. 28 09 22 74 1. 1. 1. 2. 1. 77 46 97 13 83 - 2. 03 1. 96 1. 82 3 2. 01 2. 18 2. 02 2. 18 2. 17 2. 27 2. 50 2. 48 2. 51 2. 50 2. 2. 2. 1. 49 15 26 91 1. 91 1. 69 1. 93 2. 06 1. 90 1. 85 2. 10 2. 08 2. 35 - 2. 28 2. 38 2. 02 2. 04 1. 70 29 T a b le A-11: P la nt o c c u p a tio n s- n o n m a n u fa c tu rin g (A v e ra g e hourly earn in gs 1 fo r selected occupations studied in nonm anufacturing) N orth east O ccupation * Boston 3 B u ffalo New Y o rk C ity 3 South P h ila delph ia3 P it t s burgh Atlanta B ir m in g ham North C e n tra l D a lla s M em ph is 3 C hicago 3 We st C le v e land 3 M in n eK an sas a p o lis C ity St. P a ul $ 2 .5 6 2. 52 2.43 2. 02 1.71 2.42 2.21 $ 2 .4 3 2.42 2.25 1.76 2.46 2. 30 - Los A n g e le s Long Beach3 P o rtland San F r a n - Seattle3 c is c o O akland3 M aintenance and pow erplant C a rp e n te rs ________ _____________________________ E le c tric ia n s ______________________________________ E n g in e e rs, s t a t io n a r y __________________________ F ire m e n , stationary b o i l e r __ _____ H e lp e rs , trad es _______________________ ____ _____ M ach in ists _ _ ____ _ _ _______ ______ M ech an ics _ _ ___ M ech an ics, au to m o tiv e .__________ _____________ P a in te rs ___________________________________________ P lu m b e rs _________________________________________ $ 2 .3 1 2. 15 2.07 1.79 1.76 2.34 2.22 2.04 1.82 $ 2 .4 4 2.43 2. 12 1.73 1.87 $ 2 .6 0 2.4 3 1.97 1.78 1.89 2.38 2.29 2.09 2.23 $ 2 .6 1 2.68 2.31 1.97 2.21 1.86 “ $ 2 . 36 2.29 2.44 1.84 1.88 2.59 2 .2 6 2.28 2. 11 2. 13 1. 14 1.05 1.63 1. 31 1.20 1.65 1.63 1. 59 1.21 1.59 1.74 1.79 1.97 1.53 1.77 2.2 0 1. 18 1. 07 1.90 1.28 1. 11 1.74 2. 03 1.25 1.78 1.91 2. 12 2. 08 2. 18 1.61 1.46 1.65 1.53 1.36 1.70 1.92 1.59 i:4 6 1.84 1.99 2.01 2.36 2. 02 2.32 2. 38 1.45 1. 18 1.33 1.37 1. 12 1.71 1.96 1.45 1.23 1.63 2. 11 2.07 2.22 1.69 2. 17 2.33 1.69 1. 31 1.96 1.48 1.26 1.92 2. 10 1.87 2. 04 2. 14 2. 17 2.33 2.23 2. 17 2.57 . 55 1.49 1. 00 .70 1.43 1.42 1.28 1. 16 1.52 1.60 1.69 1.79 1.32 1.80 2. 04 2. 01 1.99 1. 32 2. 07 1. 35 2.57 2. 30 1.67 2.21 2. 03 1.37 2.35 2.52 1.62 1.50 1.25 ' - - 2.82 2.44 2.25 $ 2. 08 2. 38 1.71 - 1.59 2.22 2.03 1.89 ” . $2. 14 1.95 1.73 1. 37 1.98 1.97 1.91 ■ $ 2 .27 - $3. 01 2.98 2.83 2.42 2. 17 2 .90 2.55 2.63 3. 01 “ .63 1.04 .82 1. 32 1.25 1.22 1.42 1. 35 1. 37 1.44 1. 35 1. 32 1.93 .78 . 85 1. 39 1.00 . 80 1.24 1. 37 1.23 1.40 1.51 1.71 1.65 1.46 1.73 1.61 .66 . 56 .95 .75 1. 35 1. 34 1.40 1. 13 1.65 1.79 1.69 1.06 1.65 1.79 1.97 1.23 1.84 1.64 1. 50 1.91 1.87 1.72 1.48 1.93 1.94 2.05 2.37 2.23 2.33 2.44 1.24 1. 12 1.89 1.30 1. 19 2.03 1.93 1.75 1.99 2. 13 2. 30 1.93 2.29 2. 31 1.27 1. 11 1.76 1.82 1.62 1.27 1.84 1.97 1.97 2.03 1.79 2. 00 2. 12 1.25 1.52 1. 08 1. 19 .99 2.4 0 2. 14 1. 18 1. 32 1.22 $ 2 .2 9 1. 17 1.96 * - 1.93 1.43 1.74 2.00 1.74 ■ $ 2 .6 1 2.78 2.43 2. 15 2. 32 2. 37 2.66 " $ 2 .6 9 2. 85 2.64 2. 11 2.82 2.47 2.46 2.50 2.79 1.40 1.33 1.75 1.50 1.29 1.98 1. 87 1.91 1. 32 1.93 2.09 2. 01 2. 18 2. 16 2.20 1. 35 1.33 2.05 1.51 1. 34 2.02 2. 06 1.90 2. 16 2.2 0 2. 15 2.27 2. 08 2. 19 2.27 2. 20 2. 16 1. 56 2. 38 2. 30 1.61 - $ 2 .7 6 2.39 - 2. 39 2.43 2.65 ■ $ 2 .8 0 2. 37 - $ 2 .4 1 2.64 2.48 2.02 - - 2.51 2.44 2.42 " 1.21 1.48 1. 35 2.01 1.95 1.90 1.90 2. 08 2.0 0 2. 18 2. 06 2. 13 2.29 1.61 1.72 1.63 1.74 1.71 2. 12 2. 07 1.96 1.74 2. 16 2.21 2. 32 2.4 0 2.3 0 2. 36 2.48 1. 38 1.75 1.50 1.42 1.95 1.99 1.89 1.52 1.93 2. 03 1.95 2.23 2. 10 2. 17 2. 33 2. 18 2. 08 1.63 2.44 2.20 1.78 2.29 2. 08 1.80 2.5 8 2.5 0 2.65 2.49 Custodial, warehousing, and shipping E le v a to r o p e ra to rs, p a sse n g e r (m en ) _______ E le v a to r o p e ra to rs, p a s s e n g e r (w o m e n )-----G u ard s ____________________________________________ Janitors, p o rte rs , and c le a n e rs ( m e n ) ______ J an ito r8, p o rte rs , and c le a n e rs (w o m e n )___ L a b o r e r s , m a te ria l handling ....................... .... O rd e r fille r s _____________________________________ P a c k e rs , shipping (m en ) ________________ ______ P a c k e r s , shipping (w o m e n )...... ............. ......... R eceivin g c le rk s _________________________________ Shipping c le rk s __________________________________ Shipping and re c eiv in g c le rk s _________________ T r u c k d r iv e r s 4 __________________________________ Light (under 1 Vz t o n s ) ______________________ M edium ( l ^ z to and including 4 ton s) ____ H eavy (o v e r 4 tons, t r a ile r type) _________ Heavy (o v e r 4 tons, other than t r a ile r ty p e ) _________________________________ T ru c k e rs , p ow er (fo rk lift) --------------------------W a tc h m e n _________________________________________ 1 2 3 4 _ . E xclu des p rem iu m pay fo r overtim e and fo r w o rk on w eekends, h olidays, and late shifts. Data lim ited to m en w o r k e r s except w h ere otherw ise indicated. Exceptions to the standard industry lim itations a re shown in footnotes 4 and/or 6 to the table in appendix B. Includes a ll d r iv e r s , r e g a r d le s s of size and type of truck operated. NOTE: D a sh es indicate no data or in sufficient data to w a rra n t presentation. . - 30 Ta b le A -12: P la n ! o c c up a tio ns- p ublic utilitie s * (A v e r a g e h ourly earnings 1 fo r selected occupations studied in transportation, com m unication, and other public utilities) N o rth east O ccupation2 B oston3 B u ffalo N ew Y o rk C ity 3 South P h ila delphia P it t s burgh $2. 29 $2. 25 2. 15 Atlanta B ir m in g ham N orth C e n tra l D a lla s M em p h is3 C h ic a g o 3 C le v e land3 W est Kansas C ity Los M in n e A n g e le s a p o lis Lon g St. P a u l B each 3 P o rtlan d F ran S eattle3 c is c o O akland3 M aintenance and powerplant C a rp e n te rs ______________________________________ E n g in e e rs, station ary ________________________ H e lp e rs , trades ---------------------------------------------M ech an ics, autom otive _______________________ P a m te rs ----------------------------------------------------------- _ _ - - $1.95 2. 03 2. 12 $1. 90 2. 22 $2.39 2. 30 1. 88 2. 25 2. 33 - 1. 94 2. 27 2. 34 - 2. 42 2. 48 _ - $1. 72 2. 10 " _ $1.40 1. 99 - _ _ _ _ _ _ $1. 91 1. 53 2. 11 $1. 71 2. 13 " - - - - $2. 66 2. 59 $2. 37 $2. 31 $2. 33 " " “ $ 2 .3 4 - _ $2. 53 - 2 .02 2. 46 2. 35 - $2.43 ■ 2. 65 2.43 $2. 35 - 2. 43 “ Custodial, warehousing, and shipping G uards ___ __ ____________________ ____________ J an itors, p o rte rs , and c le a n e rs (m e n ) ______ J an itors, p o rte rs , and c le a n e rs (w o m e n )__ L a b o r e r s , m a te ria l handling __________ ____ T ru c k d riv e rs 4 __________________________________ M edium (lV a to and including 4 t o n s ) ___ H eavy (o v e r 4 tons, t r a ile r type) _____ H eavy (o v e r 4 tons, other than t r a ile r type) ________________________________________ T ru c k e rs , p ow er (fo rk lift) ________________________ 93 09 02 10 1. 1. 2. 2. 2. 2. 11 - 1. 1. 2. 2. 2. 59 - 1. 74 1 2 3 4 * 57 98 11 11 12 2. 08 1. 62 1. 93 1. 61 1. 92 2. 38 2. 41 2. 44 2. 28 - 1. 70 . 1. 72 1.41 1. 97 2. 17 2. 18 2. 24 2. 15 2. 04 1. 56 1. 60 1. 37 2. 20 - 2. 26 2. 12 1. 80 1. 1. 2. 2. 2. 29 93 10 11 08 - 1. 50 1. 30 1. 66 1. 93 - 1. 41 E xcludes p rem iu m pay fo r overtim e and fo r w o rk on weekends, h olidays, and late shifts. D ata lim ited to m en w o rk e rs except w h ere oth erw ise indicated. 1 or m ore utilities a re m u n icipally operated, and th erefo re excluded fro m the scope of the studies. Includes a ll d r iv e r s , r e g a r d le s s of size and type of truck operated. T ran sp ortation (exclu d in g r a ilr o a d s ), com m unication, and other public utilities. NOTE: D ash es indicate no data o r insufficient data to w a rra n t presentation. 1. 32 1. 13 1. 55 1. 97 1. 96 1.95 - 1. 64 1. 1. 1. 2. 2. 2. 19 04 76 15 09 21 . 1. 1. 2. 2. 2. 2. - 76 52 21 37 29 43 2. 22 2. 32 - 2. 33 - - - 1. 1. 2. 2. 2. 2. - - 2. 26 1. 1. 2. 2. 2. 62 49 05 16 11 98 See footnote 4 to the table in appendix B. 1. 2. 2. 2. 85 17 21 19 1. 75 92 75 11 20 18 19 - 1. 1. 2. 2. 2. 2. 68 49 11 15 12 25 2. 17 - 1. 69 1. 74 1. 58 2. 25 2. 37 2. 30 2.48 1. 2. 2. 2. 2. 2. 43 2. 19 - 68 06 16 15 23 31 T a b le A -13: Pla nt oc c up a tio ns- w hole sa le tra d e (A v e ra g e hourly e a r n in g s 1 for selected occupations studied in w h olesale tra d e ) South N o rth east Occupation 2 Boston N ew Y o rk City P h ila delphia P it t s burgh N orth C en tral Atlanta Chicago $2.10 1.82 $2.58 C le v e land W est M in n e apolis St. P a u l Los A n g e le s Long Beach San F ra n c is c o Oakland M aintenance and powerpiant M echanics _________________________ ___________ M ech an ics, autom otive _______________________ $2.48 2. 12 " _ _ $ 2.43 “ _ _ _ $2.48 2.43 _ ' Custodial, warehousing, and shipping Janitors, p o rte rs , and c le a n e rs _ _ L a b o r e r s , m a te ria l handling _________________ O rd e r fille r s ___________________________________ P a c k e r s , shipping ______________________________ R eceiving c le rk s _______________________ ______ Shipping c le rk s __________________________________ Shipping and re c eiv in g c le rk s T ru c k d riv e r s 3 __________________________________ Ligh t (under IV 2 tons) _ _ _ _ M edium (I V 2 to and including 4 tons) ___ Heavy (over 4 tons, t r a ile r type) ________ Heavy (over 4 tons, other than tr a ile r t y p e ) _____ _ _ ___ T ru c k e rs , pow er ( f o r k l i f t ) ____________________ _____ __ ______ _ _ _ ___ Watchm en 1.47 1.64 1.62 1.74 1.71 1.82 1.83 2. 11 1.64 1.86 2.37 $1.55 1.76 1.92 1.62 2. 16 2.03 2.06 2.35 2.29 2. 11 1.93 1.44 1.91 - 1.45 1.70 1.99 1.91 2. 33 2. 11 2. 32 - 2 .20 2.42 2. 31 - 1 E xclu des prem iu m pay fo r overtim e and for w o rk on w eekends, h olidays, 2 Data lim ited to m en w o rk e rs . 3 Includes a ll d r iv e r s , r e g a r d le s s of size and type of truck operated. NOTE: D ash es indicate no data or insufficient data to w a rra n t presentation. $1.63 1.86 1.94 1.86 2.03 2.00 2.36 2.20 - 1.75 and late shifts. 1.30 1. 1 6 1.40 1.32 1. 59 1.67 1.69 1.45 1.28 1. 34 - 1.61 1.84 1.87 1.76 2.01 1.98 2. 10 2.42 1.36 2. 10 - 2.40 2.53 $1.56 1.83 1.92 1.81 2.24 - - $1.61 1.97 2.00 1.96 2.06 2.08 2.06 2. 14 - 2. 13 2.19 - 1.71 2.08 2.03 1.90 2.07 2. 18 2.28 2.28 2.00 2.24 2. 15 $1.85 2.00 2.06 1.99 2. 13 2. 19 2.40 2.39 2.29 2.33 - 2.41 2.28 2.45 2. 19 32 T a b le AM: P la n t o c c u p a tio n s- re ta il tra d e (A v e ra g e h ourly earn in gs 1 fo r selected occupations studied in re ta il tra d e ) N orth east O ccupation 2 Boston N ew Y o rk C ity 3 South N orth C e n tra l P h ila delp h ia3 P it t s burgh Atlanta D a lla s Chicago $ 3. 06 2.81 2 .2 6 2.25 2.24 _ $ 2 .7 4 2.9 0 2.53 $ 2 .2 6 1.76 2. 15 1.66 $ 2. 30 1.68 1.71 1.58 $ 2 .8 5 2. 80 2.77 2.51 West M in n ea p o lis St. P a u l P o rtlan d San F ran c is c o Oakland Seattle M aintenance and powerplant C a rp e n te rs ___________ _______ ___________________ E le c tric ia n s _____________________________________ E n g in e e rs , s t a t io n a r y _________________________ M ech an ics _____ __________________________________ M ech an ics, autom otive $2. 50 2. 16 2. 00 $ 2 .5 4 2.56 2.61 " _ - _ $ 2 . 38 ' _ $ 2 .4 8 - _ $ 2 .4 3 2.45 ' Custodial, warehousing, and shipping E le v a to r o p e ra to rs, p a s s e n g e r (w o m e n )___ J an itors, p o rte rs , and c le a n e rs (m en ) J an itors, p o rte rs , and c le a n e rs (w o m e n )__ L a b o r e r s , m a te ria l h a n d lin g _________________ O rd e r fille r s _____________________________________ P a c k e r s , shipping (m en ) ..... . P a c k e r s , shipping (w o m e n )___________________ R eceivin g c le rk s . Shipping c le rk s _ _ ___ Shipping and re c eiv in g c l e r k s _____ ________ T r u c k d r iv e r s 4 __________________________________ M edium to and including 4 t o n ^ ____ H eavy (o v e r 4 tons, t r a ile r type) T ru c k e rs , p o w er (f o r k l i f t ) ____________________ W atchm en _ ___ . ....... . 1 2 3 4 .97 1.24 1. 03 1. 53 1.65 1.27 1.24 1.53 1.61 1.77 1.83 1.72 - 2.03 1.25 _ 1.27 1. 33 1.59 1.89 1.53 1.45 1.63 1.91 2 .3 8 2. 06 - 1.50 1.22 1. 31 1. 06 1.63 1.90 1.42 1.24 1.50 2. 11 2. 18 2. 10 2.27 2. 05 1.42 _ 1. 34 1. 16 1.97 2.28 1.91 2. 18 2. 10 2.5 0 2. 37 2.8 0 1.61 E xclu d es p rem iu m pay fo r overtim e and fo r w o rk on w eekends, h olidays, and late shifts. D ata lim ited to m en w o r k e r s except w h e re oth erw ise indicated. E xclu d es data fo r lim it e d -p r ic e v a riety sto re s. Includes a ll d r iv e r s , r e g a r d le s s of size and type of truck operated. NOTE: D a sh e s indicate no data o r insufficient data to w a rra n t presentation. .67 .90 1. 12 1.47 - 1. 11 1.48 1.43 1. 58 1.28 1. 19 1. 14 .90 .95 .71 1. 11 1.49 1. 13 1.40 1.47 1.50 1. 33 1.23 1. 15 1. 18 1.39 1.31 1.74 1. 87 1.58 1.91 1.84 1.86 2. 35 2.41 2.21 1.42 _ $ 1. 38 - 1.60 1. 85 2. 12 2. 17 - 1. 19 1.45 1. 13 1.79 1.95 1.84 2. 03 2. 18 2. 15 - 1.74 1.72 1.75 2 .20 2. 12 1. 89 2.21 2. 14 2.5 3 2. 53 - 1. 37 1.47 1.40 1.94 - 1. 89 1.97 2. 32 2. 10 33 T a b le A - l5 : P la n t occupations finance * * (A v e ra g e h ou rly e a rn in gs 1 fo r selected occupations studied in finance, in su ran ce, and re a l estate) N orth east Occupation 2 B oston South W est N orth C e n tra l N ew Y o rk City P h ila delphia Pitt s burgh Atlanta D a lla s Chicago $ 2 .5 4 $ 1.95 $2.36 - $ 1.77 $ 2 .9 3 1.67 1.89 1.72 1. 37 1.86 1. 52 1.41 1.44 1.41 1. 14 1. 39 1.64 1. 36 “ C le v e land M in n ea p o lis St. P a u l Los A n g e le s Long B each - - - - $ 1.42 1.65 1.41 1. 30 1.45 San F ran c is c o Oak land Maintenance and powerplant E n g in e e rs, s t a t io n a r y _________________________ - $2 .2 5 Custodial, warehousing, and shipping E le v a to r o p e ra to rs, p a sse n g e r (m en ) ______ E le v a to r o p e ra to rs , p a sse n g e r (w o m e n )___ G u ard s ____________________________________________ Jan ito rs, p o rte rs , and c le a n e rs ( m e n ) ______ Jan itors, p o rte rs , and c le a n e rs (w o m e n )__ W atchm en ........................................................ . $ 1.26 1. 18 1.59 1. 33 1.24 1.34 - - - $ 0. 86 . 67 ~ - . 88 1.47 .95 . 78 " $ 1.25 1.22 1. 39 1. 18 " 2.05 1.83 1.97 1.53 - $ 1.52 - 1 E xclu d es p rem iu m pay fo r overtim e and fo r w o rk on w eekends, holidays, and late shifts. 2 D ata lim ited to m en w o r k e r s except w h ere o th erw ise indicated. * * Fin an ce, in su ran ce, and re a l estate. NOTE: D ash es indicate no data o r insufficient data to w a rra n t presentation. T a b le A-16: Pla nt occupations - se rv ic e s (A v e ra g e h ou rly earn in gs 1 fo r selected occupations studied in s e r v ic e s ) N orth east Occupation 2 N orth C e n tra l W est Los A n g e le s Long B each 3 Boston N ew Y o rk City $ 1.55 1.48 $2. 30 1.70 1.92 $ 1.75 - $2. 83 - $ 2 .5 4 2.51 .94 1. 01 .90 1.40 1.44 1. 16 1.40 1.42 1.45 1. 35 2.00 1. 34 _ .97 1. 13 1.04 1.70 1.73 1. 04 _ 1.43 1.49 1. 11 1. 15 1.41 - P h ila delphia C h icago Maintenance and powerplant E n g in e e rs, s t a t io n a r y ____ ______ _____________ F ire m e n , stationary b o i l e r __________________ P a in te rs ________________________________________ Custodial, warehousing, and shipping E le v a to r o p e ra to rs , p a sse n g e r (m en ) E le v a to r o p e ra to rs, p a sse n g e r (w o m e n )__ J anitors, p o rte rs , and c le a n e rs (m en ) J anitors, p o rte rs , and c le a n e rs (w o m e n ).. T r u c k d r iv e r s 4 ________________________________ Light (under 1^ tons) _____________________ Watchm en ------------------------------------------------------ - 1.53 E xclu des prem iu m pay fo r overtim e and fo r w o rk on w eekends, h o lid ay s, and late shifts. 2 D ata lim ited to m en w o rk e rs except w h ere oth erw ise indicated. 3 E xclu d es data fo r m otio n -p ictu re production and a llie d s e rv ic e s ; data fo r these in d u stries are included, how ever, in d u strie s" and "nonm anufacturing. " 4 Includes a ll d r iv e r s , r e g a r d le s s of size and type of truck operated. NOTE: D ash es indicate no data o r insufficient data to w a rra n t presentation. 1. 75 1.68 1.76 1.75 ~ 35 Establishment Practices and Supplementary Wage Provisions Introduction Data on the nature and prevalence of selected establishment practices and supplementary wage provisions in 17 areas appear in the series B tables which follow . The scope of the data is described in footnotes to the tables and under Scope and Method beginning on page 76. Three of the areas— Birmingham, Pittsburgh, and Seattle— w ere last surveyed during the winter of 1951-52. Kansas City was last studied in 1952-53; Boston, Buffalo, and Cleveland, 1954-55; and the remaining 10 areas, in 1955-56. Data in tables B-3 to B-33 for two of the latter areas (Memphis and Minneapolis-St. Paul) relate to a 1955-56 payroll period. (See footnote 21, page 76. ) Labor-Management Agreem ent Coverage Establishments with at least half of their plant or office w ork ers covered by collective agreements accounted fo r about four-fifths of the plant workers and a sixth of the office workers employed in large and m edium -sized firm s in the 17 labor m a rk ets.13 The p ro portion of plant workers whose wages and working conditions w ere governed by collective agreements exceeded 95 percent in San F ran cis co-Oakland and Seattle and 80 percent in 8 other areas. Los Angeles-Long Beach, Seattle, and Pittsburgh w ere the only areas studied in which as many as a fifth of the office workers w ere cov ered by union contracts. Among the 17 areas, those in the West gen erally had the highest proportion of both plant and office workers under agreements. Plant worker coverage in Los A ngeles-Lon g Beach (75-79 percent) was, however, exceeded in 4 of 5 areas in the North east and by 3 areas in the North Central region and equaled in B ir mingham. Detroit, Milwaukee, N ew ark-Jersey City, and St. Louis studied e a rlie r are also among the areas with the highest proportions of plant workers under a greem en ts.14 Office worker coverage estimates did not differ greatly among areas, nearly a ll falling between 10 to 20 percent. Those outside 13 For this analysis, all plant or office workers w ere considered to be covered by an agreement if the terms of one or m ore agreements applied to a m ajority in the establishment. S im ilarly, if less than half the workers in an establishment w ere covered by an agreement, that establishment and all of its employees w ere classified as not being covered by an agreement. The term "plant w ork ers" as used in these studies includes working forem en and ail nonsupervisory employees engaged in nonoffice functions. "O ffice w ork ers" includes a ll office clerica l employees and excludes adm inistrative, professional and tech nical personnel. The minimum employment in establishments within scope of the studies appears in the table in appendix B, p. 78. 14 See Wage Differences and Establishment Practices, 17 Labor Markets, 1953-54, BLS Bull. 1173, p. 17. this range w ere generally very close to it. In 2 of the 4 southern areas, Atlanta and Dallas, where the proportion of plant workers under con tract was substantially less than in the northern areas, the office worker coverage was almost as large as in other regions. Among the southern areas, Birmingham had the highest proportion of plant w ork ers under contract but ranked with Memphis in having the lowest p ro portion of office worker coverage (table B - l). In most of the areas, a high proportion (usually over half) of office workers in public u tilities, w ere covered by agreements. 15 In other industry divisions, the variation among areas was consid erable. R elatively high proportions of retail trade office workers w ere under agreement in Seattle, San Francisco-Oakland, and MinneapolisSt. Paul, even though all of these areas had relatively low coverage of office workers m manufacturing. In Atlanta, coverage of office workers in manufacturing was as high as in public utilities. Coverage fo r plant workers in industry divisions other than public utilities and manufacturing was most often highest in the s e rv ice industries and lowest in retail trade. In a few areas, particularly in the W est, the coverage in wholesale trade was substantial. With the exception of public u tilities, there did not seem to be any significant positive correlation between the extent of collective bargaining agreements for office and plant w orkers. A high coverage of plant workers in a specific industry division was not n ecessarily accompanied by relatively high coverage for office w orkers. An ea r lie r (1953-54) study indicated, however, that when office workers w ere covered by an agreement, about two-thirds of these contracts w ere negotiated by the union that covered a m ajority of the plant workers in the same establishment. These estim ates, of course, do not represent the proportions of workers belonging to labor organizations, since there are union members in establishments not having labor-management agreements and there are also workers who are not union members that are working under terms of a labor-management agreement. Nor are the es timates a measurement of the proportions of workers covered by con tracts within an area or industry division, since the establishments in the study do not represent all industries in an area and do not include representation of com paratively small establishments. The excluded establishm ent-size groups account for a much sm aller proportion of employment in manufacturing and public utilities than in the other in dustry divisions. M oreover, establishments with agreements lim ited to maintenance crafts, comprising a m inority of the employees in the establishment, w ere not included in the total of firm s having contracts 15 Municipally owned utilities w ere excluded from the scope of the studies. For cities with municipally operated u tilities, see foot note 4 to the table in appendix B, p. 78. 36 covering a m ajority of w orkers. The construction and railroads in dustries which are typically covered by labor-management contracts are also omitted from these surveys. These estim ates, therefore, are representative only of medium and large em ployers in the indus tries within the scope of the study and in the areas studied. Minimum Entrance Rates fo r O ffice W orkers Half of the establishments visited in 15 areas reported estab lished minimum entrance rate provisions for hiring inexperienced typists (table B -2 ), a fifth had no set policy, the remaining three-tenths either did not hire inexperienced workers or did not employ typists. M ore than half of the establishments had a minimum hiring rate policy for other inexperienced cle ric a l help. Establishment entrance rates ranged from less than $40 to $60 or m ore a week within each area. Median rates by area, how ever, exhibited the same pattern of salary differences among areas noted in the e a rlie r discussion of office job pay: Median entrance rates for typists of $42-$45 were paid in the southern and northeastern areas (except New York City); $49-$ 50 medians w ere recorded in New York City, Cleveland, Portland (O re g .), and Seattle with higher medians prevailing in Chicago ($52), San Francisco-Oakland ($54), and Los A ngeles-Lon g Beach ($54.50). A ll-industry median entrance rates for other inexperienced cle ric a l workers w ere slightly below typist rates. Entrance rates in offices of manufacturing concerns w ere also widely dispersed but the general levels for both typists and others, as measured by medians, w ere higher than all-industry levels by $2 or m ore in most areas. Scheduled Workweeks Slightly m ore than half of the women office workers in the 17 labor market areas combined had 40-hour workweeks. N early all the remainder worked few er than 40 hours. A 37y2-hour workweek applied to more women office workers in each area except Dallas and New York City than did any other schedule of few er than 40 hours. Alm ost five-sixth s of the combined plant (nonoffice) work force in the 17 areas worked 40 hours a week. Most plant w orkers not on a 40-hour week had shorter schedules in 7 areas in the Northeast and West, longer schedules in the 10 other areas studied. Workweeks Under 40 H ours. — In a m ajority of the areas, somewhat few er than a third of the women office workers had w ork weeks of less than 40 hours. H owever, in Boston and Philadelphia about two-thirds had workweeks of less than 40 hours; in New York City all but about one-ninth of the women office workers worked few er than 40, typically 35 hours per week (table B -4). In the combined nonmanufacturing industries, 55 percent of the women office workers worked few er than 40 hours a week. The p ro portion ranged from 33 percent (reta il trade) to 75 percent (finance, in surance, and real estate) in these areas for which data w ere available. Manufacturing industries, which accounted for slightly few er than a third of the women office workers within the scope of the studies in the 17 areas, reported 35 percent of their women workers at less than 40 hours (table B-5). Nine out of 10 women office workers in New York City factories were scheduled to work few er than 40 hours a week. In other areas, the proportion ranged from a half in P h ila delphia, almost two-fifths in Boston and Chicago, a third in San Francisco-Oakland, to less than a fourth in 12 areas. A 40-hour week applied to the overwhelming m ajority of plant w orkers. Only 8 percent of the plant workers in the 17 areas com bined had weekly schedules of less than 40 hours. This proportion was exceeded only in Boston, Philadelphia, San Francisco-Oakland, and with the highest proportion (19 percent) in New York City. F ew er than an eighth of the plant workers in any industry division in the 17 areas combined worked less than 40-hour schedules. In manufacturing, a fourth of the workers in New York City had sched ules under 40 hours. In only 3 other areas— Boston, Philadelphia, and San Francisco-Oakland— were as many as 10 percent of the factory plant workers operating on schedules of less than 40 hours per week. In the combined nonmanufacturing industries 7 percent of the plant workers had schedules of less than 40 hours— a proportion that was exceeded only in Boston, Buffalo, New York City, and San F ra n cisco -Oakland. In New York City, such shorter workweeks applied to a fourth of the nonoffice w orkers in reta il trade and to a sixth in wholesale trade; in Boston, to three-tenths in retail trade. Workweeks O ver 40 H ours. — R ela tively few of the women o f fice workers in any area had longer than 40-hour work schedules. On the other hand, such schedules applied to 1 out of every 9 plant workers in the combined areas. Among areas, the highest proportions of office workers at m ore than 40-hour schedules were recorded in Memphis and Dallas. The highest such proportions of plant workers were also recorded in these two areas and Atlanta. Few plant workers were on the longer schedules in Buffalo, New York City, Philadelphia, and the four West Coast areas. Among industry groups in the combined areas, the proportions of o ffice and plant workers on the longer workweeks were highest in retail trade and services. Late-Shift Pay Provision s (Manufacturing) The great m ajority of manufacturing workers in the combined areas were employed in establishments having specific pay provisions fo r second-shift work, either through a labor-management agreement or by other form al means. About 9 in every 10 workers covered by second-shift provisions were also covered by third-shift provisions (table B - l l ) . 37 Among areas, the proportion of manufacturing plant workers in firm s having specified second-shift provisions ranged from approxi mately two-thirds in New York City to virtu ally a ll workers in P itts burgh. The proportion was above 90 percent in Buffalo, Birmingham, Chicago, Cleveland, and the West Coast areas studied, and ranged from 76 to 87 percent in the other cities. Typically, somewhat few er workers in each area w ere covered by provisions fo r third-shift opera tions than fo r second shift. Pay differentials fo r late-shift work w ere almost universally specified in each area except Atlanta and Memphis. In these areas, the shift provisions covering 14 and 21 percent respectively, of the workers did not specify a pay differential. The common form of differential in most areas fo r both second and third shifts was a uniform cents-per-hour addition to first-sh ift rates. The next most common provision, generally, was fo r a uniform percentage addition to the day rates. Percentage differentials w ere the type most commonly specified fo r second-shift work in Philadelphia and for third-shift work in Boston, Philadelphia, and Chicago. Secondshift pay provisions covering from a fifth to a third of the workers in Portland, Seattle, and San Francisco-Oakland specified other types of shift differentials such as a full day*s pay fo r reduced work hours, or much m ore frequently, this provision in combination with a cents or percentage differential. Such "combination" type provisions for third-shift work applied to between a third and three-fourths of the plant workers in a ll four West Coast areas studied; about a fourth in Atlanta and Dallas; and a tenth in Buffalo, Birmingham, and New York City. A wide variety of cents and percentage denominations was in use in most areas. No single denomination of either type of d if feren tial applied to a m ajority of the workers in establishments having provisions in any area except Pittsburgh, Birmingham, and Seattle. H owever, as few as 2 or 3 denominations taken together typically covered a m ajority of the manufacturing plant workers who w ere subject to shift provisions. The following tabulation shows the two most common secondand third-shift differentials in each area. Each such pair of d iffe r entials in six areas (see footnote l ) was applicable to half or m ore of the plant workers in establishments that had provisions fo r the indi cated shifts. Half or m ore w ere also covered by the second-shift pairs in Boston and Chicago, and by the third-shift pairs in Kansas City and Portland. In the remaining areas, the pairs applied to from a third to a half of the w orkers. It should be noted that the most common third-shift differentials do not n ecessarily relate to the same plants or w orkers as those shown for the second shift. Cents differentials for second-shift work fo r a m ajority of the workers w ere less than 9 cents an hour, except in Atlanta, Chicago, Dallas, Los A ngeles-Lon g Beach, Minneapolis-St. Paul, New York City, San Francisco-Oakland, and Seattle. R elatively few workers w ere covered by provisions for differentials of 13 cents or higher, except in the San Francisco-Oakland area. M ost com m on shift d iffe re n tia ls by rank Second shift C ity 1 B o s t o n ___________ B u ffalo __________ N ew Y o rk City P h ilad elp h ia 1 __ P it t s b u r g h 1 ____ 10 6 10 10 6 percent cents percent percent cents A tlanta __________ B irm in gh am D a lla s * ___ M em phis ___________________________ 1? 6 12 5 cents cents cents cents C h icago ____________________________ C le v e la n d __________________________ K ansas C i t y _______________________ M in n eap o lis-S t. P a u l ___________ 10 5 5 10 percent percent percent cents L o s A n g e le s -L o n g B each 1 _____ P o rtla n d ___________________________ San F r a n c is c o -O a k la n d __________ Seattle 1 ____________________________ 12 cents ( 2) ( 2) 12 cents 2 10 5 10 5 cents percent cents cents - 1 10 9 10 10 9 percent cents cents percent cents 2 15 10 10 10 percent percent percent cents - ( 2) 9 cents ( 2) 3 cents 5 cents 10 cents 5 cents 10 cents 10 cents 5 cents 7 7 2 percent 10 10 10 10 9 10 10 15 10 cents 7 cents 10 cents - ( 2) ( 2) ( 3) ( 2) 5 percent 5 cents 3 cents percent cents cents cents cents percent percent cents _ 7 cents 16 cents - 1 D iffe re n tia ls liste d a re ap p licable to at le a st h alf of the plant w o rk e rs in establish m en ts that had p ro v isio n s fo r the indicated shifts. 2 F u ll d ay's pay fo r reduced hours plus cents d iffe re n tia l. 3 F u ll day’ s pay fo r reduced hours plus percentage d ifferen tial. Cents differentials fo r third-shift work w ere commonly 10 to 15 cents an hour in Chicago, Los A ngeles-Lon g Beach, MinneapolisSt. Paul, New York City, and Philadelphia; and 15 cents or higher in San Francisco-Oakland. They w ere typically 9 cents in Birmingham and Pittsburgh; 9 or 10 cents in Buffalo, Dallas, Cleveland, and Kansas City; and generally less than 10 cents in other areas. Percentage differentials w ere provided extensively in all Northeast and North Central areas except Pittsburgh. In most areas, the common amount was 10 percent fo r each shift. However, 5 p e r cent was the predominant percentage differential for second-shift work in Atlanta, Buffalo, Cleveland, Dallas, and Kansas City. A t the time of the survey, the proportion of plant workers actually working on late shifts ranged from about a seventh in Boston, New York City, Kansas City, and Minneapolis-St. Paul, to a third or m ore in Birmingham and Pittsburgh (table B-12). Second-shift workers (evening) generally outnumbered thirdshift workers (night) by 2 or 3 to 1. The ratio of evening to night workers in individual areas, how ever, ranged from about 2 to 1 in Birmingham, Memphis, Pittsburgh, and Portland, to 6 to 1 in Minneapolis-St. Paul. 38 Paid Holidays The most commonly paid holiday provisions fo r office workers w ere 6 or 7 paid fu ll-day holidays in a m ajority of the areas. How ever, in Memphis 5 paid fu ll-day holidays was the most common p ro vision, and in Atlanta about as many received 5 as received 6. In Boston and New York City, office workers most commonly received 11 paid fu ll-day holidays. The most common provisions for plant w ork ers w ere 6 or 7 full-day paid holidays in most areas studied. In Memphis, 5 days was most common; in Atlanta, the proportions r e ceiving 5 and 6 days w ere about equal; in Dallas, provisions fo r 5, 6, or 7 fu ll-day holidays a ll covered sizable groups of w orkers. Seven or m ore paid fu ll-day holidays w ere provided to almost all office workers in Boston, New York City, San Francisco-Oakland, and Seattle. The proportion of office workers granted 7 or m ore paid full-day holidays ranged between 50 and 75 percent in the other north eastern and western areas and in Birmingham. Among the remaining areas, this proportion was lowest (20 to 30 percent) in the other south ern areas and in Cleveland. The 4 areas that provided 7 or m ore holidays to the highest proportion of office workers also led, along with Pittsburgh, in providing 7 or m ore holidays to the highest p ro portion of plant workers (approximately 75 to 85 percent), followed by Birmingham and Philadelphia with about 60 percent. The lowest p ro portions of plant w orkers receivin g 7 or m ore paid full-day holidays (10 to 25 percent) w ere recorded in the same areas as for office w ork ers. Provisions fo r m ore than 8 paid full-day holidays w ere not common for plant w orkers except in Boston and New York City, nor for office w orkers except in these 2 areas and Philadelphia. The most liberal holiday provisions w ere reported in the northeast areas, particu larly Boston and New York City where 55 and 53 percent, respectively, of the office workers and 10 and 20 percent of the plant workers received 11 or m ore holidays, and Philadelphia where 22 percent of the office w orkers w ere provided m ore than 11 fullday paid holidays. W orkers in the 4 southern areas received the fewest paid holidays, with large proportions of office workers (nearly 60 p e r cent in Memphis) receivin g 5 or few er paid holidays. In 3 of the southern areas, about 40 percent of the plant workers received few er than 6 paid fu ll-day holidays and an additional 11 to 15 percent had no paid holidays. Six or 7 holidays w ere generally provided to both office and plant w orkers in Buffalo, Birmingham, Los A ngeles-Long Beach, P itts burgh, Portland, and the 4 North Central areas. Among these areas, Buffalo, Chicago, Kansas City, and Pittsburgh had appreciable numbers of office and plant w orkers in establishments with provisions for eight or m ore. Seven or 8 holidays w ere most common in Seattle and San Francisco-Oakland, and in the latter area 9 days or m ore w ere fr e quently granted to office w orkers. In each of the m ajor industry groups surveyed, virtu ally all office workers and the great m ajority of plant w orkers received one or m ore paid fu ll-day holidays. In a few industries and areas, m ore than 10 percent of the plant workers received no paid full-day holidays— factory, public utility, and reta il trade workers in a few southern areas, factory workers in Seattle and Portland (tables B-14 and B-15), and plant workers in service industries in 4 of the 5 areas fo r which data are presented (table B-19). Manufacturing industries as a group usually did not provide as many full-day paid holidays as most of the nonmanufacturing d iv i sions. In manufacturing establishments, the usual provision was 6 or 7 paid holidays, although substantial numbers received 8 or m ore in 5 areas and 9 or m ore in 2 of those areas. By contrast, among the nonmanufacturing industries, paid holiday practices w ere most liberal in finance and public utility divisions, where the proportions of w ork ers receivin g 8 and 9 or m ore full-day holidays was greater than in manufacturing in a number of areas. Provisions in wholesale trade also w ere m ore liberal than in manufacturing in nearly all of the 10 areas affording comparison. Information fo r retail trade in 11 areas showed that the great bulk of office and nonoffice workers received 5 or few er full-day holidays in 2 (southern) areas, 6 fu ll-day holidays in 5 areas scattered from the Atlantic to the P a cific , 7 in 3 areas in the Northeast and West, and 7, 10, or 11 in Boston. In 3 areas, about 10 percent of the nonoffice workers in reta il trade received no paid holidays. Among service industries in 5 of the largest areas, most office workers w ere provided just 6 full-day holidays in 3 of the areas, 8 or m ore in New York City, and 11 or m ore in Boston. H owever, about a tenth of the plant workers in 3 areas, and a third of the plant workers in Boston and Los A ngeles-Lon g Beach received no paid h oli days. Less than 5 holidays in 1 area, and 6 full-day holidays in the remaining 4 was the usual number received by plant w orkers. Total Holiday T im e ,— M ore than a sixth of the office workers and an eleventh of the plant workers in most areas now receive pay fo r at least 1 half holiday in addition to their full holidays, 1 or 2 half days being the usual amount. Paid half holidays w ere most prevalent in the Northeast and North Central areas studied. One or m ore paid half holidays w ere received by from 20 to 30 percent of the plant workers in Boston, Buffalo, and Cleveland and by sim ilar propor tions of the office workers in these areas, as w ell as in MinneapolisSt. Paul and New York City. Among industry divisions, paid half holidays w ere most frequent among office workers in the finance and manufacturing divisions, and among plant workers in manufacturing. One or m ore half holidays w ere received by m ore than half the office w orkers in Boston public utilities and retail trade and in Pittsburgh finance, and by half the plant workers in Boston public u tilities. To determine w o rk ers1 total paid holiday tim e, inclusive of half holidays, the half-day holidays w ere added to the basic fu llholiday data shown in table B-13. F or example, workers receiving 7full days and 2 half days were considered as having received 8 days of paid holiday time. These w orkers, added to those who received 8 full days but no half days, provided a new estim ate---of workers who r e ceived 8 days1 paid holiday tim e. Estimates calculated in this manner are presented in table B-13a in a cumulative form . 39 A m ajority of office workers in Boston and New York City received total holiday time equal to 11 or m ore days. A m ajority received an equivalent of 8 or m ore days in Philadelphia and San Francisco-Oakland and 6 or 7 or more days in all other areas except Memphis (5 or m ore). A m ajority of plant workers received the equivalent of 8 or m ore days in Boston, l l/z or m ore in New York City and from 6 to 7 or m ore in all other areas except 3 in the South (5 or m ore). B ir mingham plant workers generally received 7 or m ore. Paid Vacations Vacation pay is granted to virtu ally all of the workers in the industries and areas surveyed (table B-20). The amount of pay is generally graduated on a sliding scale, based on length of service, ranging from as little as 1 day*s pay fo r a short length of em ploy ment to as much as 4 w eeks1 pay fo r long service with the em ployer. In most areas, a m ajority of the office and as many as a third of the plant workers in scope of the surveys are provided vacation pay after as little as 6 months1 service. As length of service increases, workers in these areas may p rog ressively earn the following benefits: Virtually all office and plant workers in each area can qualify for at least 1 week*s vacation pay by completing a year*s service; 95 percent or m ore (except plant workers in southern areas) can qualify for 2 w eeks1 pay after 5 ye a rs1 service; 3 or m ore w eeks1 pay is available to a fourth after 10 years and to almost three-fourths after 15 yea rs1 service in most areas. At least 1 of every 4 office workers and 1 out of every 7 plant workers in a m ajority of the areas can re ceive 4 or m ore weeks* pay after 25 years* service. F o r most w orkers, vacation pay is expressed in terms of regular or average weekly earnings fo r a stated number of weeks, depending on length of service with the em ployer. 16 Some plans of this type also provide 1 day*s pay fo r each year of service as a means of progression fo r intermediate years. Plans which expressed vacation pay as a percentage of the worker*s annual earnings applied to higher proportions of the plant than of the office w orkers. The great m ajority of the workers within the scope of the survey who w ere covered by percentage-type plans w ere employed in the production departments of manufacturing firm s. Although applicable to only a few workers in some areas, the method applied to almost a third of the factory workers in Philadelphia and to a fifth in Los A ngeles-Lon g Beach, Memphis, and San Francisco-Oakland; 1 in every 6 in Atlanta; 1 in 7 in Boston; 1 in 10 in Buffalo and Pittsburgh; 1 in 11 in Dallas and Kansas City; and 1 in 12 in Chicago, Minneapolis-St. Paul, and Seattle. Flat-sum and other types of payment w ere most commonly found in Cleveland, New York City, and Philadelphia, where they w ere applicable to from 3 to 4 percent of the plant w orkers. 16 See listing of occupational wage survey bulletins on last page. Typically, provisions were m ore liberal for office workers as to the maximum amount of vacation pay they might eventually re ceive, and as to the amount of pay granted fo r comparable service or seniority, although some marked differences for both office and plant workers w ere noted among the areas. F o r example, not a ll of the areas that offered the most (or least) lib era l vacation provisions fo r o ffice workers held the same relative rank with respect to plant w orkers. To some extent, such variations re flect the local importance of particular industries. In New York City, fo r example, financial institutions, and in Birmingham and Pittsburgh, the steel industry, provide employment to an unusually high proportion of the total office and manufacturing plant w orkers, respectively, in the area. 17 Thus, vacation practices in these industries influenced the overa ll data for those cities. A ll areas had in common, however, the practice of at least 1 w eekfs pay fo r 1 year*s service, applicable to the great m ajority of the office and plant workers in each area. F or the bulk of both plant and office workers in most areas, vacation pay fo r 3 weeks was the maximum provided. The proportion of plant workers fo r whom the maximum vacation pay provision was 2 weeks was somewhat greater than the proportion of office workers with this maximum. A greater proportion of office than plant workers could expect eventually to receive vacation pay for 4 weeks or m ore. Maximum pay of 4 weeks or m ore was available to about 20 to 30 percent of the office workers in most areas. Although up to 17 percent (New York City) might qualify with 20 years* service, the common requirement was 25 years. The same service requirement applied also to plant w orkers, but the 4 weeks* pay maximum was available to a sm aller proportion of the plant than of the office workers in each area. Maximum vacation pay of 3 weeks (but Less than 4) was offered to from 50 to 65 percent of the office w orkers in most areas. F ifte e n 18 years* service was required for the m ajority of the workers in each area except New York City (10 years). Fifteen years was also the usual service requirement for plant workers with this pay maximum. The proportion of plant workers who had 3 weeks as a maximum was on a level with that of office workers in almost half the areas, trailed the office proportion by 10 to 15 percent in 4 areas, and exceeded the office proportion by from 7 to 35 percent in the remaining areas. Maximum vacation pay provisions of less than 3 weeks applied generally to higher proportions of plant than of office w orkers. The proportion of office workers whose maximum was under 3 weeks ranged by area from about 10 up to 50 percent. The plant proportion was the higher in 10 of the areas. However, in 5 areas the proportion for both classes was about the same (about 10 percent). In 2 areas, 17 See also charts 1 and 2, pp. 3 and 4. 18 It should be noted that in the tabulation of data to the sele c ted 5-, 10-, 15-, 20-, and 25-year service periods, workers with in ter mediate service provisions w ere included in the datafor nexthigher selected year. Thus, 15 years includes, technically 11, 12, 13, 14, or 15 years. 40 the proportion of office workers with a maximum vacation of less than 3 weeks was higher than the proportion of plant workers with sim ilar maximum vacation pay provisions. In respect to the amount of pay granted for comparable service or seniority, the greatest differences between vacation pay benefits fo r office and plant workers w ere in the provisions for service periods up to 3 years. Much la rg er proportions of office workers than of plant w orkers, fo r example, qualified fo r vacation pay after 6 months, and pay fo r 2 weeks or m ore after a year of service was much m ore w idely granted to office w orkers. Provisions fo r 2 weeks or m ore w ere about the same fo r both groups for employees with 5 y e a rs 1 service except in Atlanta and Memphis. However, vacation pay a r rangements corresponding to 10, 15, 20, and 25 years of service p ro g ress ively favor office workers in most areas, tending to provide a higher proportion of such workers with 3 and 4 w eeks1 vacations. Data are presented in (tables B-21 to B-26) fo r manufacturing and public utilities in 17 areas, fo r wholesale trade, retail trade, and the finance group in 10 or 11 areas, and for services in 5 areas. Within these lim its 2 or m ore w eeks1 pay after 5 or few er years of service was offered to virtu ally every office w orker in each industry division. The finance group led in the proportion of office workers offered either a week or 2 weeks* pay fo r 6 months* service. Three weeks or m ore could eventually be earned by higher proportions of office workers in public utilities and finance than in other divisions. Retail trade and finance generally led in offering 4 weeks* pay to 30 to 60 percent of their office workers in most areas. Although generally available only after 25 years* service, this pay amount was available after 20 or few er years to from half to all the office workers in establishments having 4-week plans in certain industries and areas: Manufacturing— Los A ngeles-Lon g Beach; public u tilities— New York City, Birmingham, Dallas, Memphis, Chicago, Kansas City and P o rt land; retail trade— Boston and Pittsburgh; finance—Minneapolis-St. Paul and Los A n geles-Lon g Beach; services— Boston, New York City, and Chicago. Among the 5 industry divisions fo r which data are presented for plant w orkers, public utilities led in the proportion (50 to 90 percent in most areas) who w ere offered a week*s pay fo r as little as 6 months* service. Two or m ore weeks* pay, ultim ately available to the great bulk of plant workers in each area and industry division, was generally available in public utilities and reta il trade fo r less service than in other industries. Three or m ore weeks* pay was available in most areas to nine-tenths or m ore of the plant workers in public u tilities, to three-fourths or m ore in trade and manufacturing, and to about a fifth in services. Public utilities w ere also in the forefron t in providing nine-tenths or m ore of their plant w orkers in most areas with 3 weeks* pay for 15 years* service. However, retail trade, next to lowest among industry divisions in the proportion of plant w orkers who w ere offered 3 weeks or m ore, provides a third or m ore in most areas with vacations of this length after 10 years* service. Retail trade also led a ll divisions in offering 4 weeks* pay to a third, or m ore of its nonoffice workers in most areas, as against a proportion of a sixth or m ore in most areas in the next highest industry division— public utilities. Health and Insurance Plans L ife insurance was the most common benefit provision. It was available to 90 percent or m ore of the office workers in each area except Boston and Portland, and to 84 percent or m ore of the plant workers in each area except Memphis and Portland (table B-27). Provisions fo r hospitalization insurance and surgical insur ance applied to from 70 to 90 percent or m ore of both the office and plant w orkers in each area except Philadelphia, Birmingham, Memphis, and Seattle. Among the latter areas, however, the proportionate cov erage of office workers in Memphis (85 percent) and of plant workers in Seattle (90 percent) ranked among the highest of tKe 17 areas. Medical insurance was available to half or m ore of the office and plant workers in a m ajority of the areas. Hospitalization, surgical, and m edical insurance have each become increasingly available in recent years in a ll areas studied. Between 1953 and 1957, hospitalization became newly available to an additional 15 to 39 percent of the office workers in a third of the areas and to an additional 15 to 68 percent of the plant workers in nearly half the areas (chart 3). Furtherm ore, during this 4-year span in almost a ll of 14 areas affording comparison, m ore office workers newly received surgical and m edical coverage than hospitalization. In both 1952-53 and 1956-57, surgical plans were available to higher proportions of plant than of office workers in about twothirds of 14 areas fo r which data are available (chart 3), and m edi cal in about half the areas (chart 4). Hospitalization, ea rlie r available to m ore office than plant workers in a m ajority of the areas, is now available to m ore plant than office workers in two-thirds of the areas. The proportion of plant workers now receivin g hospitalization and sur gical exceeds that of office workers by 35 percent in Seattle and by from 10 to 18 percent in New York City, Philadelphia, Pittsburgh, and Birmingham. In only 2 of the areas in which the office worker coverage was the greater (Boston and Memphis) did the difference between office and plant coverage exceed 5 percent. Benefit provisions fo r employee illnesses may take the form of sick leave with full or partial pay or insurance coverage. Many establishments provided both sickness insurance and sick leave. In about half of the areas, the proportions of office and plant workers covered by at least some type of sickness pay equaled or exceeded the proportions who are provided hospitalization and surgical insurance. 41 Sick-leave plans providing fo r full pay and requiring no w ait ing period w ere much m ore prevalent for office workers than for plant w orkers. F or example, the area proportions of workers covered by such plans ranged between 28 and 83 percent of the office workers as against a maximum proportion of 36 percent of the plant workers (Los Angeles-Long Beach). On the other hand, sickness and accident in surance was m ore commonly provided for plant w orkers, fo r whom the proportions covered ranged from 26 to 89 percent, as compared with a range of 31 to 51 percent fo r office w orkers. Lim ited-type sick leave requiring a waiting period or providing partial pay or both was provided to up to 15 percent of office and up to 23 percent of plant w orkers. Illness plans were m ore prevalent in manufacturing e s tablishments than in nonmanufacturing divisions except public utilities. Catastrophe (extended m edical) insurance information, which was fir s t collected in the winter of 1953-54, is available to from 25 to 40 percent of the office workers in Atlanta, Chicago, New York City, Los Angeles-Long Beach, and San Francisco-Oakland, and to 10 to 20 percent in most other areas. In 9 areas permitting com parison, the 3-year increment in the proportion of office workers cov ered ranged between 12 and 35 percentage points. Catastrophe insur ance is available to as many as 10 percent of the prlant workers in only 6 areas, the 3-year increment in 9 comparable areas ranging between 2 and 8 percentage points in 5 areas and between 10 and 24 points in the remaining 4 areas. .Retirement Plans Retirement plans w ere somewhat m ore prevalent for office workers than fo r plant workers in 1956-57. Pension coverage fo r o f fice w orkers ranged from 60-70 percent (in Birmingham, Dallas, and Memphis) to 80-85 percent in Atlanta, Buffalo, Los A ngeles-Long Beach, Philadelphia, and Pittsburgh. Plant w orker coverage ranged m ore w idely, from about 40 percent in Memphis and 50-55 percent in Boston, Dallas, and Portland, up to 74-75 percent in New York City and Buffalo, and over 80 percent in Pittsburgh. Coverage in individual areas varied w idely among industry divisions. R elatively m ore workers w ere covered in public utilities than in the other m ajor industry groups studied. Lowest pension plan coverage was in services and reta il trade. Between 1953 and 1957, pensions became available to addi tional office and plant workers in each area (chart 4). The increment in the proportion of office workers covered by pension provisions ranged between 11 and 15 percent in half of the areas. The increment in plant workers covered by pension plans was generally greater than that of office w orkers, ranging between 13 and 19 percent in most areas. Chart 3. PROPORTIONS OF OFFICE AND PLANT WORKERS SUBJECT TO THE PROVISIONS OF HOSPITALIZATION AND SURGICAL INSURANCE PLANS Winter 1952-53^ and Winter 1956-57^ 17 LABOR M AR KETS PERC EN T H O SP IT A L IZ A T IO N IN SU R A N C E SU R G IC A L IN SU R A N C E PERC EN T 100 75 50 25 0 i--------------,-------------- 1-------------- 1 -------------- NORTHEAST Boston Buffalo New York City Philadelphia Pittsburgh SOUTH Atlanta 1 / Birmingham Dallas m Memphis MIDDLE W EST Chicago wmmm mzm V //////////////77777> 2 Cleveland m W ///7/7//////77//7/7//A Kansas City 777777/777777/777777777777/77777/ MinneapolisSt. Paul Y777777?777/77777777777/77777/// FAR W EST Los AngelesLong Beach Portland 777/ t Zl wmrnm M///////7//////;;////////////A San FranciscoW77777777777777777777777777777Z Oakland » i— Seattle -L / JL/ JV v Estimates for Pittsburgh, Birmingham, and Seattle relate to winter 1951-52, except that W in t e r 1 9 5 2 -5 3 information for Surgical insurance in these areas is not available for any early period. ? ////////////////* Estimates for Memphis and M in ne ap ol is -S t. Paul relate to winter 1955-56. No Ea rli e r Data. UN ITED S TA TE S DEPARTMENT OF LABOR BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS /////s//r//s//sss* O ffic e P la n t Inc re a se sinc e 1 9 5 2 -5 3 O ffic e P la n t Chart 4. PROPORTIONS OF OFFICE AND PLANT WORKERS SUBJECT TO THE PROVISIONS OF MEDICAL INSURANCE AND RETIREMENT PENSION PLANS Winter 1952-53^and Winter 1956-57^ M E D IC A L IN SU R A N C E 17 LABOR M AR KETS R E T IR E M E N T PE N SIO N PERC EN T P ER C E N T M ID D L E W E S T Chicago — Cleveland Kansas City MinneapolisSt. Paul FA R W E S T Los AngelesLong Beach Portland San FranciscoOakland Seattle Aj mm. Estimates for Pittsburgh, Birmingham, and Seattle relate to wi nte r 1951-52, except that information for medical insurance in these areas is not available for any early period. U Estimates for M em ph is and Minneapolis-St. Paul relate to wi nter 1955-56. JL/ No Earlier D a t a . UNITED STA TES DEPARTM ENT OF LABOR BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS W in t e r 1 9 5 2 -5 3 '////////// ap ///. /' /////////////a Of f i c e P la n t I n c r e a s e si nce 1 9 52 -5 3 Office P la n t 44 B: Establishment Practices and Supplementary Wage Provisions Ta b le B-l- La b or-m a na g em e nt ag ree m ent coverage (P e rc e n t of a ll office and plant w o r k e r s em ployed in l a r g e - and m ed iu m -size establishm ents in which a contract o r contracts covered a m a jo rity of w o r k e r s in the respective ca te g o rie s *) P ercen t of office w o rk e rs em ployed in— A rea A ll in dustries P ercen t of plant w o r k e r s em ployed in— M an u facturing P u blic utilities 2 Whole sale trade R etail trade Finance 3 N ortheast: Boston _______________________________________ B u f f a l o ... ............ .......................................... N ew Y o rk City P h ilad elp h ia ............ ......... .......................... P ittsb u rgh __________________________________ 15-19 15-19 10-14 15-19 20-24 20-24 15-19 10- 14 20-24 20-24 80-84 80-84 55-59 65-69 65-69 15-19 ( 5) 5-9 0-4 10- 14 10- 14 ( 5) 35-39 15- 19 25-29 0-4 ( 5) 0-4 0-4 0-4 South: Atlanta _ . . . . . . . ___ ... B irm in gh am _ _ _ . . .. D a lla s _______________________________ ________ _ M em ph is _ _. .............. .. 15-19 5-9 10-14 5-9 40-44 0-4 0-4 10- 14 40-44 35-39 45-49 45-49 5-9 (? ) ( 5) ( 5) 0-4 ( 5) 0-4 ( 5) 0-4 ( 5) 0-4 ( 5) North C en tral: Chicago _ ...... C le v e la n d _ ... ........ . ........ K an sas City _________________________________ M in n e a p o lis-S t. P a u l _____________________ 15-19 10-14 15- 19 10-14 10- 14 5-9 15- 19 5-9 70-74 55-59 40-44 45-49 5-9 0-4 ( 5) 5-9 20-24 (* ) ( 5) 40-44 0-4 0-4 ( 5) 0-4 W est: L o s A n g e le s -L o n g B e a c h _________________ P o r t la n d _____________________________ _______ _ San F ra n c is c o -O a k la n d ___________________ Seattle _________ ___________________________ 20-24 15-19 15-19 25-29 25-29 0-4 10- 14 5-9 80-84 55-59 70-74 75-79 10- 14 ( 5) 0-4 ( 5) ( 5) 35-39 60-64 90-94 0-4 ( 5) 0-4 ( 5) S erv ices A ll in d u s trie s 4 M an u facturing P u b lic utilities 2 W holesale trade R etail trade S e rv ic e s 50-54 ( S) 85-89 80-84 ( 5) 0-4 ( 5) 10-14 10- 14 ( 5) 7 0-74 85-89 80-84 80-84 90-94 75-79 90-94 90-94 85-89 95+ 95+ 95+ 95+ 80-84 95+ 50-54 ( 5) 7 0-74 70-74 75-79 55-59 ( 5) 55-59 55-59 45-49 ( 5) 50-54 75-79 45-49 50-54 60-64 90-94 60-64 75-79 80-84 80-84 90-94 90-94 40-44 ( 5) ( 5) < ») ( 5) ( 5) 5-9 ( 5) 5-9 ( 5) 0-4 ( 5) (? ) ( 5) 7 0-74 90-99 80-84 85-89 70-74 90-94 90-94 90-94 95+ 95+ 90-94 95+ 65-69 75-79 ( 5) 85-89 45-49 ( 5) ( 5) 60-64 80-84 ( 5) ( 5) ( 5) 75-79 80-84 95+ 95+ 75-79 90-94 95+ 95+ 95+ 95+ 95+ 95+ 80-84 ( 5) 90-94 ( S) ( 5) 60-64 85-89 95+ 6 75-79 (J) 6 10-14 ( 5) (? ) ( 5) ( ( ( ( 5) 5) 5) 5) (? ) (* ) ( 5) 1 A ll other office and plant w o r k e r s w e re em ployed in establish m en ts that either did not have la b o r-m an agem en t contracts in effect, o r had contracts that applied to fe w e r than half of their office o r plant w o r k e r s . The estim ates a re not n e c e s s a rily represen tative of the extent to w hich a ll w o rk e rs in the a r e a m ay be c o vered by the p ro v isio n s of labo r-m a n a g e m e n t a g reem en ts, due to the e x clusion of s m a lle r -s iz e establish m en ts. Data a re lim ited to establishm ents with 51 o r m ore em ployees except in the 8 la rg e s t a r e a s w h ere the m inim um size adopted w as 101 em ployees in m an u fac turing, public u tilities, and re ta il tra d e . 2 T ran sp o rtatio n (excluding r a ilr o a d s ), com m unication, and other public u tilities. M u n icipally owned utilities w e re excluded fro m the su rvey . A ll o r m a jo r lo c a l tran sit operations in Boston, C h icago, C levelan d , N ew Y o rk C ity, San F ra n c is c o -O a k la n d , and Seattle w e re m u n icipally operated, as w e re ele c tric utility operations in L o s A n g e le s -L o n g B each and Seattle, and e le c tric and gas operations in M em p h is. 3 F inance, in su ran ce, and r e a l estate. 4 Includes data fo r re a l estate in addition to those industry divisio n s shown sep arately . 5 Insufficient data to w a rra n t sep arate presentation. 6 E xclu des data fo r m otio n -p ictu re production and a llie d s e rv ic e s . D ata fo r these indu stries a re , h ow ever, included in " a l l in d u s t r ie s ." 45 Table B-2! Minimum entrance rates1far, women office w o rk e rs- all industries (D istribu tio n of establishm ents studied by m inim um h irin g rate fo r selected occupations) N orth east M inim um rate (w eek ly stra ig h t-tim e sa la ry ) E stablish m en ts s t u d ie d ____ ________ Boston2 B uffalo __ — 249 230 South N ew Y o rk C ity 2 P h ila delphia2 553 322 P ittsb u rgh 222 Atlanta 195 N orth C e n tra l B ir m in g ham D a lla s 110 179 W est K ansas C h ic a g o 2 C le v e la n d 2 C ity 433 Los A n geles P o rtlan d Lon g B each 2 San F ra n c is c o O akland2 Seattle2 235 184 301 148 250 133 125 1 10 11 18 17 33 9 8 10 3 1 3 1 92 1 1 27 12 16 12 9 2 2 4 2 3 1 - - - 152 1 2 5 13 9 28 22 13 17 10 6 8 7 2 9 60 3 1 9 7 10 1 5 3 3 10 1 4 1 1 1 117 1 5 15 10 23 8 15 12 9 7 3 7 2 64 2 4 14 5 9 12 2 2 3 5 5 1 - - 235 2 7 6 17 29 72 26 31 14 19 4 4 1 3 Inexperienced typists E stablish m en ts having a sp ecified m in im u m 3 __ _____ _____ __ _ __ _ __ U nder $37. 50 ........................................... $37. 50 and under $40. 00 __________ ____ $40. 00 and under $42. 50 __ ___ ______ $42. 50 and under $45. 00 ____________ __ $45. 00 and under $47. 50 ....................... $47. 50 and under $50. 00 ____________ __ $ 50.00 and under $52. 50 _________________ $52. 50 and under $55. 00 ____________ __ $55.00 and under $57. 50 .......................... $57. 50 and under $60. 00 __ __ _ _______ $60. 00 and under $62. 50 _________________ $62. 50 and under $65. 00 _________________ $65.00 and under $67. 50 _________________ $67. 50 and under $70. 00 _________________ $70. 00 and under $72. 50 _________________ $72. 50 and over __ _________ _____________ E stablish m en ts having no sp ecified m inim um ______________________________________ E stablish m en ts which did not em ploy w o rk e rs in this c a t e g o r y ____________________ Inform ation not a v a ila b le _____ ___________ 129 5 10 56 21 16 5 6 3 4 2 1 - 113 6 2 30 10 24 4 9 9 8 5 3 1 2 - T 89 3 40 16 13 1 7 3 2 2 2 - - - - 46 4 2 14 4 9 3 1 2 3 2 1 1 - 109 73 35 37 28 34 101 40 32 67 51 71 24 160 1 96 2 50 2 67 2 35 1 77 1 96 1 68 2 57 3 81 1 36 1 61 1 44 1 95 2 3 38 8 13 10 9 3 1 2 2 2 1 1 - 163 2 3 9 18 16 30 16 18 15 5 6 7 6 2 10 67 3 1 10 9 9 5 5 4 5 9 1 4 1 1 132 1 1 3 9 17 10 26 6 13 16 9 8 7 2 2 2 70 3 7 15 5 10 11 1 6 4 3 4 1 - 283 4 27 9 60 48 76 16 20 8 11 2 1 1 - - - - 59 33 60 1 81 3 151 5 8 48 25 24 8 11 8 8 3 3 - 135 6 6 40 12 16 7 12 7 11 1 2 3 5 - 67 3 2 24 16 5 7 1 2 4 1 1 1 - - Other inexperienced clerical workers4 E stablish m en ts having a sp ecified m in im u m 3 __ __ __ „ ______ __ --------U nder $37. 50 ............................................... $37. 50 and under $40. 00 __ ------------------$40. 00 and under $42. 50 __ ____ _ ___ $42. 50 and under $45. 00 _________________ $45.00 and under $47. 50 ____ __________ $47. 50 and under $50. 00 __ ____ _______ $50. 00 and under $52. 50 __ __ _______ $52. 50 and under $55. 00 _________________ $55. 00 and under $57. 50 _________ ______ $57. 50 and under $60. 00 _________________ $60.00 and under $62. 50 _________________ $62. 50 and under $65. 00 _______________ $65.00 and under $67. 50 _____ __________ $67. 50 and under $70. 00 __ __ ____ $70. 00 and under $72. 50 _________________ $72. 50 and o v e r ____________________________ Establishm ents having no sp ecified m inim um ______________________________________ Establishm ents which did not em ploy w o rk e rs in this c a t e g o r y ____________________ Inform ation not av a ila b le _____________________ 1 2 3 4 142 9 13 71 12 16 4 4 2 8 2 1 - - 130 9 3 39 13 25 7 8 7 9 6 1 1 2 - 312 10 56 27 80 38 53 12 17 6 11 1 1 - - 161 8 14 62 19 23 7 7 9 7 2 2 1 - 146 8 5 41 16 21 7 11 6 14 1 2 3 10 1 - 96 3 4 43 15 11 2 7 5 3 1 2 - 50 4 3 17 8 5 1 5 1 2 2 2 - 79 5 5 35 12 4 6 4 1 6 1 - - - 141 3 19 18 14 17 33 9 16 6 1 2 3 - - 250 2 13 11 35 31 71 23 21 13 17 4 6 3 - - - - 71 39 106 89 34 48 27 34 109 36 43 68 45 71 22 35 1 58 3 134 1 70 2 40 2 49 2 32 1 65 1 73 1 56 2 43 3 69 1 35 1 46 1 40 1 L o w e st fo rm a lly establish ed s a la r y rate. Exceptions to the standard industry lim itations a re shown in footnotes 4 and/or 6 to the table in appendix B. R e g u la r straight-tim e s a la r y corresp on d in g to e m p lo y e e ^ standard w orkw eek. D ata are p resen ted fo r a ll w orkw eeks com bined. Rates app licable to m e s s e n g e rs , office g ir ls , o r s im ila r s u b c le ric a l jobs are not co n sidered. 46 T a b le B-3* M inim um e ntra nce ra te s 1 fo r w om e n o ffic e w o rk e rs- m a n u fa c tu rin g (D istribu tion of establish m en ts studied by m inim um hiring rate fo r selected occupations) Northeast M in im u m rate (w eekly stra igh t-tim e s a la r y ) E stablish m en ts studied _______________________ B oston 84 B u ffalo 131 N ew Y o rk City 177 South P h ila delphia 143 P ittsbu rgh Atlanta 83 56 B ir m in g ham 49 N orth C e n tra l D a lla s 58 C hicago 171 C levelan d W est K an sas City Los A n g e le s Long B each Portlan d San F ra n c is c o Oakland Seattle 109 68 111 63 83 46 62 2 3 8 6 19 6 1 9 3 1 3 1 - 30 _ 5 5 3 5 4 1 _ 3 1 2 1 - 62 _ 1 2 2 2 9 11 7 12 6 5 2 2 1 23 _ 2 1 4 1 3 1 5 3 1 1 1 43 18 _ _ 1 3 8 3 9 5 5 3 3 _ 2 1 _ 3 2 1 5 1 1 1 3 1 _ _ - Inexperienced typists E stablish m en ts having a specified m inim um 2 . . U nder $40. 00 . . . . . . ............... $40. 00 and under $ 4 2 .5 0 $ 4 2 .5 0 and under $ 4 5 .0 0 _________________ $45. 00 and under $ 4 7 .5 0 „.........._ $ 4 7 .5 0 and under $ 5 0 .0 0 $ 50. 00 and under $ 5 2 .5 0 $ 52.5 0 and under $ 55.00 . $ 5 5 .0 0 and under $ 5 7 .5 0 ... _ $ 5 7 .5 0 and under $ 60. 00 _________________ $ 6 0 .0 0 and under $ 6 2 .5 0 . . _ $ 62.5 0 and under $ 65.00 ...................... $65. 00 and under $ 6 7 . 5 0 . $ 67.50 and under $ 7 0. 00 ___________ ___ $7 0.00 and under $ 7 2 .5 0 _________________ $ 7 2 .5 0 and o v e r ____________________________ E stablish m en ts having no specified m inim um _____ ___... . . . E stablish m en ts which did not em ploy w o r k e r s in this catego ry _ _ ______________ Inform ation not a v a ila b le ______________________ 45 2 17 8 8 1 3 1 3 1 1 - 74 1 20 6 15 4 6 7 7 5 1 1 1 - 89 11 3 17 8 22 6 7 7 5 1 1 1 - 69 - - - - " 25 21 33 33 8 18 14 34 2 55 " 41 " 10 1 20 1 19 10 9 5 9 4 7 3 3 - 64 13 4 8 6 3 4 9 1 2 3 5 6 - 17 7 1 3 1 1 1 1 2 _ * 20 4 2 5 2 1 2 2 1 1 - 17 2 4 3 3 1 1 2 1 - 103 1 2 2 15 28 9 16 8 12 3 4 1 2 12 11 47 23 10 23 23 23 9 17 " 30 “ 21 " 23 1 26 2 26 17 17 19 “ 65 _ 1 2 5 2 13 9 7 12 5 4 2 1 2 25 _ 1 2 5 2 3 1 1 5 3 1 1 50 _ _ 17 _ _ 1 2 4 12 3 6 9 4 4 3 2 3 2 1 4 1 2 1 2 1 " - Other Inexperienced clerical w orkers3 E stablish m en ts having a specified m in im u m 2 __________________ _________________ U n der $40. 00 .... . .................. $40 .0 0 and under $ 4 2 .5 0 _ . $42 .5 0 and under $ 4 5 .0 0 $45. 00 and under $ 4 7 .5 0 _________________ $ 4 7 .5 0 and under $ 50.00 $5 0. 00 and under $ 5 2 .5 0 .... . .......... $52 .5 0 and under $ 55. 00 _____ __________ $ 5 5.00 and under $ 57.50 _________________ $ 5 7 .5 0 and under $ 6 0 . 0 0 _________________ $ 60. 0 0 and under $ 6 2 .5 0 ...... $ 6 2 .5 0 and under $65. 0 0 _________________ $ 65.00 and under $ 67.50 $ 6 7 .5 0 and under $ 7 0. 00 _________________ $70. 0 0 and under $ 7 2 .5 0 _________________ $ 7 2 .5 0 and over ____________________________ E stablish m en ts having no specified m in im u m _______________________________ ______ E stablish m en ts w hich did not em ploy w o r k e r s in this catego ry ________ __________ Inform ation not a v a ila b le ______________________ 50 3 23 7 7 2 2 4 1 _ 1 - 74 1 21 8 15 4 7 4 6 5 1 27 7 75 1 24 10 13 4 6 6 6 2 2 1 - 66 _ 1 1 - 95 1 16 6 19 7 22 5 6 4 7 1 1 - 23 35 43 8 32 2 47 25 12 7 10 6 2 4 9 1 2 3 10 - 8 1 - 20 _ 4 3 4 1 2 1 1 2 2 “ 18 _ 4 2 2 4 4 2 - 10 2 _ 1 5 7 15 26 9 12 7 10 3 5 2 73 _ 4 5 7 9 21 7 10 4 1 2 3 - 28 _ 5 4 4 4 4 2 1 1 2 1 " 23 13 13 44 19 17 23 17 21 9 21 2 23 21 12 20 20 _ 8 3 3 1 1 1 1 2 12 1 16 27 25 ‘ L o w est fo rm a lly e stab lish ed s a la ry rate. R e g u la r straig h t-tim e s a la ry corresp on d in g to em p lo y ee's standard w ork w eek . D ata a re presented fo r a ll w ork w eek s com bined. R ates a p p licab le to m e s s e n g e rs , office g ir ls , o r s im ila r su b c le ric a l jo b s are not co n sidered. 16 1 47 Table B-4: Scheduled weekly hours- a ll industries (P e rc e n t of office and plant w o rk e rs em ployed in a ll establishm ents by scheduled hours of w o rk per w eek) P lan t w o rk e rs 2 O ffice w o rk e rs 1 A rea 40 hours O ver 40 hours 65 42 89 61 34 35 57 11 39 64 t 3 t t 13 t t 14 5 4 t 34 17 14 12 63 79 80 74 3 4 7 14 16 13 7 15 8 3 t 9 38 20 14 29 61 78 84 69 t t t t t t 3 7 13 19 13 5 4 9 t 16 18 36 16 83 81 64 84 t t t t t 3 U nder 40 hours 35 3674 37Va 383/4 T otal 3 N ortheast: B o s to n 4 __ _ ______ _ _ __ __ __ B uffalo _____________ ________ ____ __________ N ew Y o rk C it y 4 ____________________________ P h ila d e lp h ia 4 __ __ _ __ __ ___ P it t s b u r g h --------------------------------------------------- 8 5 53 12 5 9 t 11 5 t 26 27 16 25 23 9 t t 11 t South: A t l a n t a _____ _________ ________________________ B irm i n g h a m ________________ _______________ D a lla s __ __ _ _ _______ ___ ______ M e m p h is 4 — _ __ _ --------- _ --------- _ t t t t t - 16 9 4 6 3 t - 3 3 t t N orth C e n tra l: C h ic a g o 4 _______ _ __ _________ _ __ C le v e la n d 4 ______________ __ ______ __________ K ansas C i t y _____ ____________________________ . M in n eap o lis-S t. P au l W est: L o s A n g e le s -L o n g B e a c h 4 __ ___ ____ P o r t l a n d __ ___ ____ _ __________ ____ San F ra n c is c o -O a k la n d 4 __________________ S e a ttle 4 __ _ ____ ______________ __ 1 2 3 4 t t t - - t t D ata relate to wom en office w o rk e rs only. D ata fo r finance and insurance establishm ents a re excluded. Includes w eek ly schedules other than those presented sep arately . Exceptions to the standard industry lim itations a re shown in footnotes L e s s than 2. 5 percent. - t U nder 40 hours U nder 37Va 37l/a 44 45 75 85 74 85 89 12 7 7 6 10 5 t t t t t t t t t t t 71 85 59 67 25 13 38 32 t t t 3 t t t 6 7 5 6 83 75 80 77 10 18 15 17 t t t t t 92 95 86 95 6 t t t t t 13 8 19 9 t t t - 4 4 t t t t t t " 4 4 and/or 6 to the table in appendix B. 3 5 t t O ver 40 hours 42 7 5 5 8 t 40 hours Total 3 Total 3 t t t 3 10 13 t 4 t t t - 3 4 t t 48 3 t t t 6 4 3 7 8 12 11 t 3 4 5 t t t 6 4 t t t - t t t t t 8 3 3 - 7 t O ver 48 t t t t t 4 4 6 t f 4 3 3 t - 48 Table B-5* Scheduled weekly hours - manufacturing (Percent of office and plant workers employed in manufacturing establishments by scheduled hours of work per week) O ffice w o rk e rs 1 U n der 40 hours A re a 35 N o rth east: Boston _ --------------B u ffalo _________ ,_______ r. rr. ___ ._ N ew Y o rk City ________________ ___ ____ _____ P h ila d e lp h ia ____ _____ __________ _____ Pittsbu rgh _ _ _ South: A t l a n t a __ ______ B irm in gh am _ _ . .. D a lla s __ — _ M em phis _ ____ _ __ - _ __ . - N orth C e n tra l: C h icago . _ . C le v e la n d _ -............ ._________________________ K ansas City —. _ _ M inneapolis--St. P a u l . . . . _ W est: Eos A n g e le s - L o n g B e a c h P o rtla n d _ San F ran c is co -O ak lan d S e a t t le __ _ _ „ _ 36% 9 4 70 5 t t t t t t t 5 3 - - “ - t t - - “ " t 3 - - 37% 17 11 14 22 6 8 9 3 3 15 10 t 6 t t 14 3 1 Data relate to women office workers only. 2 Includes weekly schedules other than those presented separately, t Less than 2. 5 percent. Plant worke rs 383/4 8 4 t 20 4 . t - 14 t t 4 - Total 2 40 hours O v er 40 hours t Under 40 hours Under 37% 36 22 92 51 16 62 78 8 49 84 10 12 3 4 88 88 90 86 39 12 60 87 95 77 t t 3 4 97 98 66 97 t t t 4 3 5 3 20 t - t 12 34 3 37% 3 7 10 - t - 26 t t t t t t t 7 10 t - Total 2 40 hours O v e r 40 hours T o t a l2 85 93 70 85 92 5 4 3 4 8 10 27 11 • t t . - 7 7 t t t t 85 94 75 82 8 5 23 17 8 8 7 8 84 77 81 73 7 15 11 19 3 5 91 93 87 93 t t t t 5 t 5 4 6 4 t 3 t 9 t 13 7 6 O ver 48 45 48 . t t t t t t t ■ 6 . 3 10 8 t t t t 3 + r - t t 3 3 - 4 ‘ 4 4 t - 5 9 5 5 t t t - - 5 - 49 T a b le B-6s Scheduled w e e k ly h o u rs - p ub lic u tilitie s * (P e rc e n t of office and plant w o rk e rs em ployed in public utilities establishm ents by scheduled hours of w ork p er week) Plan t w o rk e rs O ffice w o rk e rs 1 A rea N orth east: B o s to n 3 „ __________ ___ _ ___ _ ____ B u ffalo ____________________________ ____________ N ew Y o rk C i t y 3 ................................................ Philad elp h ia ____________________________________ P it t s b u r g h -------------------------------------------------------- South: Atlanta __ ____ ___ __ _ _____________________ B irm in gh am __ _________ _________ __ _ ___ Dallas __________ _____ __ _____________________ M em phis3 ---------------------------------------------------------- N orth C e n tra l: C h ic a g o 3 _________________________ ___ __ __ C le v e la n d 3_____________ ______ __________ ___ Kansas C ity _ M in n eap olis-S t. P a u l ___________________ ____ W est: L o s A n g e le s -L o n g B e a c h 3 _ ______________ P o rtlan d _______ __ ---------------------------------------San F r a n c is c o -O a k la n d 3 ______ _____________ Seattle 3 _ --- ---------- ------------------------------------ 1 2 3 t * U nder 40 hours 40 hours 35 37V2 383/4 T o ta l2 3 t 63 14 - " 61 70 14 59 68 63 72 78 74 71 37 28 22 26 29 8 - 58 42 66 44 3 60 - t - 60 “ t 3 t - t - - 5 3 - “ t - t - 6 7 t t 7 6 17 t t O ver 40 hours 40 hours t 12 4 t 25 4 5 t t t " 7 64 80 62 67 36 20 38 33 t 3 4 11 8 3 7 5 4 100 100 90 98 10 - t - " ~ 96 100 97 100 4 - - t - 3 t - 3 t 98 88 93 99 75 33 54 93 33 t - - 94 96 100 99 t t 99 94 83 100 - 5 7 - - - " " - - t See footnote 4 to table in appendix B. Total 2 O ver 48 48 Total 2 t O v er 40 hours 45 37VZ D ata relate to wom en office w o rk e rs only. Includes w eekly schedules other than those presented separately. 1 or m ore utilities a re m unicipally operated and, th e re fo re , excluded fro m the scope of the studies. L e s s than 2. 5 percent. T ran sp ortation (excluding r a ilr o a d s ), com m unication, and other public utilities. U nder 40 hours t t 6 ~ - - 50 Table B- 7- Scheduled weekly hours -wholesale trade (P e rc e n t of office and plant w o rk e rs em ployed in w h olesale trade establishm ents by scheduled hours of w o rk per week) O ffice w o rk e rs 1 35 N orth east: B o s t o n ---------------------------------------------------- — N ew Y o rk C ity _ . _ P h ilad elp h ia ________________ ________________ P it t s b u r g h ___________________________________ South: A tlanta _ _ _ _ _ _ U nder 37V2 383/4 Total 2 7 11 4 5 19 t 48 90 48 27 50 10 52 73 t - - 3 32 22 19 15 - 4 7 t - 15 3 18 80 t 3 - - 25 14 9 68 86 91 7 6 11 20 89 80 - - 3 4 - - 3 17 8 7 W est: L o s A n g e le s -L o n g B each San F ra n c is c o -O a k la n d __ __________ - t 5 3 8 ___ U nder 40 hours 37% 50 8 3 _ 40 hours O ver 40 hours 36V4 North C en tral: C h icago __________________________________ ____ C levelan d M inn eap olis-S t. P a u l ______________________ 1 2 t Plan t w o rk e rs U nder 40 hours A rea “ O v e r 40 hours 40 hours Total 2 37V2 Total 2 O ver 48 44 45 48 _ _ _ 7 13 3 11 t - 3 17 8 t 75 83 86 88 22 6 11 4 _ 4 - _ _ _ - 7 _ _ 4 - 6 6 60 34 8 - 7 7 - t 5 83 94 97 t t - 6 t - t 5 16 - _ _ 3 - t " _ _ - ~ - - - - - - ~ “ 6 t 3 94 94 t 6 5 " 3 . D ata relate to w om en office w o rk e rs only. Includes w eek ly schedules other than those presented sep arately , L e s s than 2. 5 percent. T a b le B - 8 : Scheduled w e e k ly h o u r s - re ta il tra d e (P e rc e n t of office and plant w o rk e rs em ployed in re ta il trade establishm ents by scheduled hours of w o rk p e r week) O ffice w o rk e rs 1 Under 40 hours A rea South: A tlanta ________ D a lla s _________ __ ____ ____________ __ _____ ___________ _ _____ N orth C en tral: Chicapo M inneapolis -St. P a u l _ _ _______ __ ___ W est: P o rtland ___________ _______ _____________ __ _ San F ra n c isc o -O a k la n d Seattle _ _ . 1 2 3 t Under 37V2 37 V2 383/4 Total 2 11 15 7 3 6 17 - 6 4 8 - 18 29 11 8 71 71 33 12 29 29 66 78 10 - 8 - 5 7 - 13 14 78 74 9 13 - t - t - - 4 7 - 5 12 93 86 - - 12 ~ 97 88 100 t ~ 11 “ D ata relate to wom en office w o rk e rs only. Includes w eekly schedules other than those presented separately. E xcludes lim it e d -p r ic e variety sto res, L e s s than 2. 5 percent. 40 hours U nder 40 hours 36% 35 N ortheast: B o s t o n ______ ______ __ ___________________ N ew Y o rk C ity 3 ____________________________ P h ila d e lp h ia 3 _______________ __ __ ______ P it t s b u r g h ____________________ __ ________ Plan t w o rk e rs O v er 40 hours _ - t 45 48 43 56 74 81 27 18 14 19 19 t 13 - 6 5 3 5 - t 5 10 4 56 40 44 55 4 - 9 12 t 4 24 10 10 - 77 85 23 15 3 t 6 12 - t 6 - t - 1? " 14 " 98 84 96 t - - - - 30 26 11 - - 4 t t - - 3 t ■ t 8 t - - O v er 48 44 16 14 7 - Ofrer 40 hours 42 Total 2 t t 40 hours Total 2 37% t 5 14 t - t - - - t - 4 “ “ ■ 4 “ 51 Ta b le B-9: Scheduled w e e k ly h o u r s - fin a n c e * * (P e rc e n t of office w o rk e rs em ployed in finance establishm ents by scheduled hours of w ork p er week) O ffice w o rk e rs 1 U nder 40 hours A re a 35 3 6l/4 37V2 3 8% N orth east: B o s t o n ______________________ ____________________ N ew Y o rk C ity _ _______________________________ P h ilad elp h ia __ ___ ___________________________ P it t s b u r g h _______________________________________ 7 51 24 21 18 18 13 30 9 25 54 15 South: Atlanta ___________________________________________ D a lla s -------------------------------------------------------------- 3 6 - 6 11 8 - t N orth C en tral: C h icago ____________________________________ ___ C le v e la n d _________ _____________________________ M in n eap olis-S t. P a u l _________________________ W e st: L o s A n g e le s -L o n g B each _____________________ San F r a n c is c o -O a k la n d _______________________ 1 2 t ** “ 10 6 10 22 8 - 42 10 53 25 47 75 t t 31 25 36 9 15 23 69 57 62 31 43 38 - 3 “ 18 30 15 11 46 52 54 48 - - - - 90 94 90 78 t t O ver 40 hours 40 hours Total 2 t 3 - - Data re la te to wom en office w o rk e rs only. Includes w eek ly schedules other than those presented sep arately , L e s s than 2. 5 percent. Fin an ce, in su ran ce, and re a l estate. Ta b le B-1Q* Scheduled w e e k ly h o u r s - se rvic e s (P e rcent of office and plant w o rk e rs em ployed in se rv ic e s establishm ents by scheduled hours of w o rk p er w eek) O ffice w o rk e rs 1 Plant w o rk e rs U nder 40 hours A rea 40 hours O v er 40 hours 35 36% 37% Northeast: Boston ____________________________________ ,___ N ew Y o rk C ity __________________ __________ P h iladelph ia __ __ _______ 25 55 15 6 5 8 51 91 45 49 9 55 t t 15 26 18 North C e n tra l: C h icago ------------------------------------------------------- 12 3 13 7 52 5 5 28 42 W est: L os A n g e le s -L o n g B e a c h 3 __ 1 2 3 t ___ _____ 383/4 - Total 2 U nder 40 hours Under 37% 37% 40 hours O v er 40 hours Total 2 44 t t 5 4 3 61 86 87 34 9 10 20 t 5 4 - 46 t 7 t 9 66 57 t “ t t 89 - D ata re la te to wom en office w o rk e rs only. Includes w eekly schedules other than those presented sep arately . Excludes m otion-picture production and a llie d se rv ic e s ; data fo r these industries a re included, h ow ever, in " a l l in d u s t r ie s ." L e s s than 2. 5 percent. Total 2 45 48 - O ver 48 - - 5 3 - 4 - t 5 24 7 - 9 4 10 - t 8 52 T a b le B - lli S h ift d iffe re n tia l p ro v isio n s - m a nufa c turing (T o ta l plant w o r k e r s in establish m en ts having fo rm a l p ro v isio n s fo r late shift o peration ) P e rcen t of m anufacturing plant w o rk e rs N orth east Shift operation and shiftpay d iffe re n tia l South North C en tral Boston B u ffalo New Y o rk City T o tal plant w o r k e r s in m anufacturing establish m en ts _____________ __________________ 100. 0 100. 0 100. 0 100. 0 100. 0 100. 0 100. 0 100. 0 Second shift _____ ______________________________ W ith sh ift-p ay d iffe re n tia l ________________ U n ifo rm cents (p er h o u r ) ______________ U n der 5 cents ________________________ 5 and under 6 cents _________________ 6 and under 7 cents _________________ 7 and under 8 cents _________________ 8 and under 9 cents _________________ 9 and under 10 c e n t s ________________ 10 and under 11 cents _________ ___ 11 and under 12 cents ______________ 12 and under 13 cents ______________ 13 and under 14 cents .................... . 14 and under 15 cents ______________ 15 and under 16 cents ______________ 16 cents and o v e r ____________________ U n ifo rm percentage _____________________ U n der 5 percent _____________________ 5 p e r c e n t ______________________________ O v e r 5 and under 10 percent ______ 10 percent ____________________________ 12, 12y*,or 15 p e r c e n t _____________ O ther 1 ____________________________________ N o sh ift-p ay d iffe r e n t ia l___________________ 80.4 80.4 39.9 2 .4 8.6 7 .4 3. 1 1.5 11. 3 1. 1 .7 2. 1 1.7 37.5 4. 5 2. 3 29-4 1.4 2.9 - 91.5 91.0 62.4 1.5 4.7 21. 1 3.8 4 .6 3.4 12.9 .3 2 .0 .3 5.4 2 .4 22.4 .2 13. 5 1.4 7 .3 6. 1 .6 62.2 60. 6 33.7 4 .9 1.9 3. 0 1. 1 10. 3 .4 3.4 5.8 .5 2 .4 25.3 2. 1 3.4 13.8 5.9 1.6 1.5 83.4 79. 3 38. 0 .3 13. 5 2.7 3.2 5.6 1.5 7.2 4 .0 38.2 2 .9 5.2 30. 1 3. 0 4. 1 99.6 98. 0 88.2 5.7 2 .8 64.6 2.7 1. 1 5.0 2 .6 3. 8 9.5 1.2 .4 8. 0 .3 1.6 81.5 67. 1 50.7 5.6 7.9 3. 0 3.4 3.5 .8 6. 1 19.6 .8 14. 5 12. 8 1.7 1.9 14.4 93. 0 89.6 88. 7 1.9 4 .4 63.9 4.6 .4 1.2 1. 3 11. 0 .9 3.4 T h ird shift __ __________________ ___________ With sh ift-pay d iffe re n tia l ________________ U n iform cents (p e r h o u r) _ ___________ U n der 5 cents ________________________ 5 and under 6 cents _________________ 6 and under 7 cents _________________ 7 and under 8 cents _________________ 8 and under 9 cents _________________ 9 and under 10 c e n t s ________________ 10 and under 11 cents ______________ 11 and under 12 cents ______________ 12 and under 13 cents ____________ 13 and under 14 cents ______________ 14 and under 15 cents ______________ 15 and under 16 cents ______________ 16 cents and o v e r ____________________ U n ifo rm percentage _____________________ U n der 7 percent _____________________ 7 and under 8 percent ______________ 8 and under 10 percent ___________ 10 percent ____________________________ 12, 1 2 ]^ ,o r 13 p e r c e n t _____________ 15 percen t ____________________________ Othe r ^ ____________________________________ No sh ift-p a y d iffe r e n t ia l--------------------------- 66.8 66. 8 29. 1 1.0 .9 6. 1 3. 1 2 .5 8.9 1. 1 .7 88. 0 88. 0 54. 0 1.0 - 52.7 51.8 23. 5 1. 1 .7 .8 11.7 .4 1.3 .4 .9 5. 3 .9 20. 3 3. 4 , 9.9 6. 9 8. 0 .9 76. 1 74.7 32.3 2.6 .3 1.0 3.7 13.9 2 .5 .9 2 .5 4 .9 36. 1 1.5 6.0 1.3 25. 0 .5 1.9 6.3 1.4 97.4 97.4 88.2 1. 0 .5 5. 5 1.7 .5 65. 5 5. 3 2 .0 5.2 .5 .6 8.9 .8 8. 1 .3 73. 3 68. 0 31.5 8.8 1.5 3.6 2 .3 3.8 8.6 89.4 88. 0 76. 3 2. 8 2 .8 63. 8 5.7 - - 2. 1 2 .8 36. 0 4 .0 - 22.5 9 .6 1.7 ~ 1.9 2 .6 24.4 14.7 3.7 .3 2 .0 3. 3 22.2 5.7 .7 15.8 11.7 t P h ila delphia P it t s burgh Atlanta - 1.4 1.5 12. 8 2. 1 2 .4 8. 3 23. 8 5. 3 B ir m in g ham - 1.2 11.7 1.4 San F ran c is c o Oakland Seattle 100. 0 100. 0 100. 0 93.9 93.9 72.7 1.5 5.8 5.3 .6 1.5 .4 21.4 .8 31. 3 1.9 .2 1. 1 .8 12.0 3.7 2 .2 6.2 9. 3 93.7 86.9 58. 3 7.2 7 .2 6. 0 20. 5 .5 10. 3 3. 0 3.6 6. 3 1.3 5. 1 22.4 6.7 92.9 92.9 48. 5 2 .4 1.8 5. 0 3. 1 9.3 11.9 7. 3 2.5 5. 3 8.9 1.7 7. 1 35. 5 - 95.2 95.2 72.4 .5 5. 5 5. 5 2 .5 6. 8 49.8 1. 8 1.2 .6 .6 21.7 - 84. 6 84. 6 24. 3 . 1 3.9 1.2 1.2 7 .0 .7 .3 6 .4 3. 5 6 .0 .6 5.3 54.4 84.2 84.2 43.2 .2 21.4 1.0 6. 5 2 .8 .7 10.6 4.9 3.7 1.2 36. 1 92.0 92.0 35.8 .9 2 .4 1.0 5. 0 4. 1 1.9 .8 4 .6 15. 0 7.9 1.7 " 6.2 48.4 91.6 91.6 16.4 .8 2. 3 3. 0 1.2 3.7 4. 8 .6 1.2 .6 .6 74. 0 C hicago C le v e land K an sas City 100. 0 100. 0 100. 0 100. 0 100. 0 100. 0 78.9 76. 7 69.7 1.4 12.7 .5 9. 6 .6 11. 5 30.4 2. 0 .9 7 .0 7. 0 2 .2 76. 0 55. 0 39.9 13. 5 12.6 2.7 2.2 2 .5 4. 8 1.6 13.6 4 .9 1.3 7.4 1. 5 21.0 91.5 90. 5 44.9 .5 4.6 6.6 3.7 .9 4. 3 16.9 1.4 .9 .4 1.2 3. 3 4 1 .8 8.4 .5 31.0 1.9 3. 8 1.0 95.6 93. 5 59.7 10.2 9.9 11.8 3. 1 6.9 14.9 .4 2 .5 30.4 18. 8 1.8 9.9 3.3 2. 1 82.5 81.7 59.6 .7 13.2 11.4 5. 5 4 .2 7. 1 6 .4 .9 5.7 1. 8 .7 1. 8 21.7 13. 3 6 .4 2 .0 .5 .8 86.9 86.2 66.6 13.5 .4 2 .4 3. 5 7.7 28. 5 1.3 3.2 2. 1 3.3 .5 18.6 2 .3 10.4 5.9 .9 .7 67. 8 65.2 31. 3 2 .4 1.4 2. 3 .5 18. 1 1.4 2 .6 2. 6 5. 6 5. 6 28. 3 2. 6 67. 1 50. 3 35. 0 11. 1 8.9 1.3 2 .5 6.5 1. 1 2 .0 1.6 13.6 2 .4 3.8 7 .4 1.7 16.8 81.2 80.2 34. 8 .4 1. 1 . 1 1.0 .7 9.6 9 .0 .7 1.5 .9 .5 8. 0 1.4 38. 1 .6 3. 5 27.9 2. 1 4. 0 7.3 I. 0 84. 8 84. 3 51.3 1.4 1.7 .6 12. 5 21.8 3.4 1.0 2 .8 5.7 .4 28.2 .2 9 .0 18. 6 .5 4. 8 .5 72. 1 71.4 47.2 1.7 12.5 20.9 .8 4. 3 .9 2 .6 3. 3 21.7 2 .5 19.2 2 .5 .8 78.6 78.6 59.0 2 .5 1.3 1. 1 7.7 16.8 1.2 4. 5 .8 2 .8 10. 5 9 .8 18.6 2. 3 2.2 14. 1 .9 D a lla s M em ph is 1 P a y at re g u la r rate fo r m o re hours than w ork ed , a paid lunch p erio d not given fir s t -s h ift w o rk e rs , a flat sum p e r shift, and other p ro v isio n s. m ents w hich provided 1 such p ro v isio n in com bination with a cents or p ercen tage d iffe re n tia l fo r hours actually w orked. ■f L e s s than 0. 05 p ercen t. West Los Minne A n g e le s a p o lis Long St. P a u l B each P o rtlan d M ost "o th e r" w o r k e r s , h ow ever, w e re in e s ta b lis h 53 T a b le B-12'. S h ift d iffe re n tia l practices - m a nufa cturing (W o r k e r s em ployed on late shifts at tim e of su rv ey ) P e rc e n t of m anufacturing plant w o rk e rs N ortheast Shift operation and shiftpay d ifferen tial South North C e n tra l We st Los M in n e A n g e le s a p o lis Long St. P au l B each San F ran Seattle c is c o Oakland B oston B u ffalo New Y o rk City T otal plant w o rk e rs in m anufacturing establishm ents ________________________________ 100. 0 100. 0 100. 0 100. 0 100. 0 100. 0 100. 0 100. 0 100. 0 100. 0 100. 0 100. 0 100. 0 100. 0 100. 0 100. 0 100. 0 Second shift em ploym ent _____________________ With sh ift-pay d iffe re n tia l ________________ U n ifo rm cents (p er h o u r ) ______________ U nder 5 cents ________________________ 5 and under 6 cents _________________ 6 and under 7 cents _________________ 7 and under 8 cents 8 and under 9 cents _________________ 9 and under 10 c e n t s ________________ 10 and under 11 cents ______________ 11 and under 12 cents ______________ 12 and under 13 cents ______________ 13 and under 14 cents ... 14 and under 15 cents ______________ 15 and under 16 cents ______________ 16 cents and over ---------------------------................. U n ifo rm percentage U n d er 5 percent _____________________ 5 p e r c e n t ...... ................. .................... O v e r 5 and under 10 percent 10 p ercen t ____________________________ 12, 12 y2, or 15 percent _____ ■______ O ther 1 ____________________________________ N o sh ift-p ay d if f e r e n t ia l.................... ........ 11.4 11.4 5.4 .3 1. 1 .7 .3 .1 1. 3 .6 .5 .4 .2 5. 8 .6 .2 4. 5 .5 .2 - 21.5 21. 5 13.7 .4 .8 5.2 .7 .7 .5 2.2 . 1 .4 - 11.4 11.2 8.2 1.0 .4 .8 .2 1.6 .2 .6 2.7 t .7 2 .9 .4 .6 1. 1 .7 . 1 .1 15.7 14. 8 6.5 .1 2.6 .5 .6 1.0 . 1 .9 .7 7.2 .2 1. 1 5.8 1. 1 1.0 23.6 23. 2 20. 6 1.3 .7 15.9 .5 . 1 .9 .6 .7 2.6 .5 . 1 2 .0 . 1 .4 18. 8 15.0 13.4 1.0 1.0 1.0 .4 .2 t .9 8.9 .8 .7 .1 .9 3.8 22.2 21.2 21. 1 . 1 1. 0 14. 6 1. 0 . 1 . 1 .4 3. 8 . 1 1. 0 16. 1 15. 6 13. 1 .4 1.9 . 1 1. 7 .6 7.7 .4 .2 2 .5 2. 5 .5 13.2 10.6 8.7 4.2 1.6 . 1 1.0 .2 .6 1.0 1.9 .1 .2 1.6 2 .6 19.2 18. 8 9.2 .1 .7 1.9 .9 .2 .5 3. 0 .4 .2 .2 .2 .9 8.6 2. 1 . 1 6. 0 .4 1.0 .4 20. 8 20. 6 13.4 1.2 2 .9 2 .8 .8 2. 1 3.2 - 11. 1 10.9 10. 1 .3 1.8 2 .6 .6 .7 .8 .7 .2 1. 1 .7 . 1 .4 .8 . 1 .8 .2 13.4 13.2 9 .8 2. 0 .4 .7 .1 4. 0 .1 .8 .4 1.0 17. 1 17. 1 13. 1 .4 .5 1.3 . 1 . 1 17.7 15.9 11.7 .9 .6 1.5 5. 1 - t 4 .2 . 1 5. 3 .4 t .5 .2 2 .2 .8 .7 .8 1.8 " t 1. 5 1.2 1. 0 1.9 .5 1.4 2 .4 1.7 16.3 16. 3 9.7 .6 .3 1.2 .4 1.6 2.2 1.7 .8 .8 1.2 - 25. 0 25. 0 20. 8 . 1 .9 1. 1 .3 .8 17. 1 .5 .2 .2 4. 0 " T h ird shift em ploym ent ______________________ With sh ift-pay d iffe re n tia l ________________ U n ifo rm cents (p e r h o u r ) ______________ U n der 5 c e n t s ________________________ 5 and under 6 cents _________________ 6 and under 7 cents _________________ 7 and under 8 cents _________________ 8 and under 9 cents _________________ 9 and under 10 cents ________________ 10 and under 11 cents ______________ 11 and under 12 cents ______________ 12 and under 13 cents ______________ 13 and under 14 cents ______________ 14 and under 15 cents ______________ 15 and under 16 cents ______________ 16 cents and over ____________________ U n ifo rm percentage _____________________ U n der 7 percent ____________________ 7 and under 8 percent ______________ 8 and under 10 percent _____________ 10 percent ____________________________ 12, 12 or 13 percent .................. . 15 percent ____________________________ Other ___ _____ ___________________________ No sh ift-p ay d if f e r e n t ia l___________________ 2 .4 2 .4 1. 3 .3 .2 t .4 . 1 t 7.9 7.9 5.7 - 2.9 2.7 1.7 - 5.4 5.4 2.9 .1 .1 . 1 .4 1.3 .3 .1 .5 1.7 14.4 14.4 13.8 .3 . 1 1. 1 . 1 10. 8 .6 .2 .3 .1 . 1 5. 5 4. 1 2 .0 1.0 .3 .5 . 1 - 11.4 11. 1 10. 6 .3 t 3. 7 3. 3 2. 0 - 6.8 5. 1 4.7 2 .8 .5 .1 t 1. 1 t . 1 t .4 t .4 6. 1 6. 0 3.2 t 6.4 6.4 5. 1 . 1 . 1 T 2.3 1.8 .2 t .4 .1 t 1.2 4. 0 3.9 3.9 - 2.3 2 .3 1.9 - t 1.4 1.6 . 1 .3 . 1 .4 . 1 . 1 1. 1 t t f . 1 .2 .3 .3 3.6 3.6 1.8 .9 . 1 .2 .3 t t . 1 .2 . 1 8.4 8.4 6.2 3.2 .4 1. 1 . 1 . 1 1.3 .2 . 1 .2 y2, * 1 See footnote 1, table B - l l . t L e s s than 0. 05 percent. . 1 .3 1. 1 . 1 .7 .4 - t 2.3 .4 6.9 . 1 4 .4 .3 2. 1 .9 “ t .1 .3 3.7 .9 . 1 t .2 .4 1. 1 .3 . 1 .8 - 1. 0 t t . 1 .7 . 1 .1 .6 t .2 t . 1 - t .8 .2 P h ila delphia P it t s burgh - .6 r .6 - .8 . 1 t ~ t .2 .1 1.4 t Atlanta B ir m in g ham D a lla s M em ph is t . 1 . 1 . 1 - - 2 .0 1.4 9 .8 .3 .2 - t .3 .2 .2 .5 t . 1 .7 .3 - - - .3 - .5 .3 - 1. 0 .4 ______ - 1.7 C hicago .2 .1 1.4 .6 t .2 .1 .5 . 1 2. 1 - .2 1.4 . 1 .3 .7 . 1 C le v e land K an sas City t .5 6 .4 3.9 .3 2 .2 .8 .2 - .9 .2 - - . 1 t . 1 - t t .1 3.2 . 1 1.9 1.2 .3 .3 t - t - - Po rtlan d - t .2 - - - .2 1.7 2 .0 t 1.2 5.3 4. 8 4. 8 3.9 . 1 .6 .2 .8 t .3 . 1 .2 1. . 1 - 6 i' t .8 5.7 5.7 1. 5 .1 . 1 1.0 .3 t . 1 .1 4. 1 54 Table B-13s Paid holidays - all Industries (P e rc e n t of office and plant w o rk e rs em ployed in a ll establishm ents that provide paid holidays by num ber of paid holidays provided annually) N o rth east N u m b e r of paid holidays B oston 1 B uffalo N ew Y o rk C it y 1 South P it t s P h ila d elp h ia1 burgh Atlanta B ir m in g ham D a lla s N orth C e n tra l M em p h is1 C h ic a g o 1 C le v e land 1 Kansas C ity W est Los Minne A n g e le s a p o lis Long St. P a u l B each1 Po rtlan d San F ran S eattle1 c is c o O aklan d1 O ffic e w o r k e r s W o rk e rs in establishm ents providing paid holidays _ _______________________ ____ U nder 5 holidays ____ ____________ __ __ 5 holidays ___ __ ______________________ 5 holidays plus 1 half d a y __ __ ________ 5 holidays plus 2 o r m ore h alf d a y s ____ 6 holidays __ _ _________________ __ _ 6 holidays plus 1 h alf d a y _________________ 6 holidays plus 2 o r m o re h alf d a y s ____ 7 holidays ___________________________________ 7 holidays plus 1 half day _____ __ _ __ 7 holidays plus 2 o r m o re h alf days ____ 8 holidays ____________________________________ 8 holidays plus 1 h alf d a y _________________ 8 holidays plus 2 or m o re h alf days ____ 9 holidays __ _________ ___________________ 9 holidays plus 1 h alf d a y _________________ 9 holidays plus 2 o r m ore h alf days ____ 10 holidays _____________________ ____________ 10 holidays plus 1 h alf day _______________ 10 holidays plus 2 o r m o re half d a y s ___ 11 holidays _______ ___________ _ _ ____ 11 holidays plus 1 h alf day _______________ 11 holidays plus 2 or m ore h alf d a y s ___ O ver 11 holidays ___________ __ — ____ W o rk e rs in establishm ents p roviding no paid holidays __ __ ____ _ _ _________ 99 t 1 t 1 1 t 9 2 1 4 2 t 18 6 51 2 1 1 99 23 1 14 26 6 4 5 1 2 3 13 1 99 1 t 1 11 2 1 8 2 1 10 1 t 7 2 2 34 7 1 11 t 1 t 100 t t 20 2 3 15 4 2 21 t t 4 t 4 2 1 t 22 " 99 t t 24 10 3 42 1 2 9 1 3 1 2 t t 1 1 99 2 30 4 29 2 4 16 1 2 8 2 1 - t t 99 1 25 t 16 t 2 46 t 8 1 100 4 53 t 14 3 19 1 2 3 - 99 8 20 8 2 33 3 2 20 2 1 1 t - 99 t t 38 4 8 26 1 1 5 1 1 3 1 t 1 t 8 1 1 - t 52 4 21 18 1 1 1 t t 1 t 99 1 2 45 1 4 27 t 17 t 3 - “ t t t 98 4 2 97 4 t 98 3 3 100 51 6 9 17 2 6 3 t 3 4 - • - 100 - 99 - t 43 1 4 22 7 t 15 1 1 1 1 1 2 t 1 - t 45 39 10 5 1 - “ t ■ 98 1 1 95 89 - - - 95 3 4 47 1 10 24 8 1 1 - 61 9 3 16 1 2 5 1 ■ ■ 44 2 5 25 2 t 14 t “ 51 6 - ■ “ - " ■ - 3 2 2 5 99 - 2 100 t t 2 t 47 1 1 31 2 1 9 2 1 t 1 2 100 _ 1 t 54 1 37 3 t 3 - P la n t w o rkers 2 W o rk e rs in establishm ents providin g paid holidays __________________________________ U n der 5 holidays __ __ _ _____ _ . 5 holidays _____ _____ ___ _ ___ — 5 holidays plus 1 half d a y _________________ 5 holidays plus 2 o r m ore h alf d a y s ____ 6 holidays ____ ___ __ ___ ____ ____________ 6 holidays plus 1 h alf d a y ______ _________ 6 holidays plus 2 o r m o re half days ____ 7 holidays _____ . _________ ____________ 7 holidays plus 1 h alf day __ ___________ 7 holidays plus 2 o r m ore h alf days ____ 8 holidays __ ________ _ _______ _________ 8 holidays plus 1 h alf d a y _________________ 8 holidays plus 2 o r m ore half days ____ 9 holidays __ __ ___________________ _____ ____ _ 9 holidays plus 1 h alf day ____ __ 9 holidays plus 2 or m ore h alf d a y s ____ 10 h o lid a y s __________ _________ ______ ___ 10 holidays plus 1 h alf day ___________ __ 10 holidays plus 2 or m ore half d a y s ___ 11 h o lid a y s _________ __ ______ __ _ ____ 11 holidays plus 1 h alf day ____________ _ 11 holidays plus 2 or m ore h alf d a y s ___ O v e r 11 holidays ___________________________ W o rk e rs in establish m en ts p roviding no paid holidays _________ _________ ________ 85 8 30 1 94 4 12 89 17 22 2 85 12 32 - - 19 1 1 63 1 2 7 1 1 1 - 28 1 6 9 1 t 1 - 18 18 1 4 22 19 4 16 42 1 12 28 46 2 27 16 3 15 97 5 t 99 2 1 97 1 - - 9 ,11 1 7 1 t 17 5 8 1 t t 30 1 16 35 2 3 5 1 1 t 2 - 14 t 1 26 2 2 11 1 1 6 1 t 5 1 t 17 1 1 1 32 2 3 32 1 2 19 1 3 t 1 1 1 t 5 3 3 1 95 3 1 1 97 1 8 1 2 18 - - - - - 1 - 1 56 - - - - - - 2 - 1 - 1 2 ■ - t 7 t 2 t " t - 1 t - 6 11 15 2 1 Exceptions to the standard industry lim itations a re shown in footnotes 4 and/or 6 to the table in appendix B. 2 Data fo r finance and in suran ce establishm ents are excluded, t L e s s than 0. 5 percent. - - - 1 1 1 1 - - - 1 51 - 32 4 " - - ■ - t “ " ■ - 11 5 1 t 28 1 93 5 t 1 - 4 t - 50 1 32 - ■ * ■ 7 55 Table B-I3a: Paid holiday time - all industries (P e rc e n t of office and plant w o r k e r s em ployed in a ll establishm ents that provide paid holidays by sum of fu ll-d a y and h a lf-d a y holidays provided annually, 1 cum ulative) N o rth east T otal paid holiday tim e (d a y s ) B oston B uff alo New Y o rk City South P h ila delphia P it t s bu rgh Atlanta B ir m in g ham W est N orth C e n tra l D a lla s M em ph is Chicago C le v e land Los M in n eK an sas A n g e le s a p o lis Long City St. Pau l B each P ortlan d San F ran Seattle c is c o Oakland Office porkers _ _ 13 o r m o re _____________________________________ 12 V* or m ore . . _ _ .... . _ 12 o r m o re _____________________________________ 11 o r m ore ___________________________________ 11 o r m o re _ . .... .. ... . . lOt?, or m ore _ _ _ _ _ 10 o r m o re _____________________________________ 9 tjj o r m ore 9 or m ore ____ ______ _________ _______________ 8 Hz o r m o re . .. ..... 8 or m ore _____________________________ _______ 7 o r m o re _ . ... ....... . 7 or m ore 6 1?, o r m o re ... ...... . 6 or m ore ____________ _____ _____________________ 5 y?, or m o re _ ... _ . 5 or m ore . . l 2 4 56 61 79 81 86 86 96 97 99 99 99 99 99 1 1 14 14 17 17 21 21 29 35 75 76 99 99 99 T 2 12 19 53 55 63 64 75 77 85 87 99 99 99 99 99 19 20 22 22 23 25 29 29 33 33 57 61 78 80 99 99 99 T otal rec e iv in g paid h olidays _____________ 99 99 99 100 1 1 3 3 4 5 8 10 20 22 65 76 99 99 99 . _ 1 1 1 3 3 13 14 33 35 64 68 98 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 57 57 73 73 98 _ 1 2 6 6 28 31 64 72 92 _ 3 6 6 28 28 42 42 96 99 99 99 99 100 . _ - . 1 2 9 10 11 12 17 18 24 26 58 62 99 99 99 . - „ - t t t t 2 2 2 3 5 5 44 48 99 99 99 3 3 3 3 20 20 51 52 97 97 99 99 99 99 - 4 6 8 16 19 42 49 100 100 100 1 1 3 3 4 5 7 8 23 29 55 57 99 99 100 _ 1 1 1 1 5 16 16 54 54 99 99 99 100 100 99 . - 2 2 3 3 3 4 6 16 19 50 51 98 98 99 99 99 . _ 3 3 6 6 43 44 99 99 100 100 100 100 100 P la n t w o rk ers . . . „ _ _ _ - - - _ _ - _ 11 o r m o r e ____ _ _ . . _ _ lOtz or m ore _ _ _. _ ___ 10 o r m o re __ ______________ _ 9 h o r m o re ____________________________________ 9 or m o r e ___ __ 8 y* o r m o re _ _ _ _ _ _ _ . _ 8 or m ore _____________________________________ 7 o r m o re _ _____ __ 7 o r m ore ___ 6 o r m ore ____ _____ or m ore __ _ ____ 5 h o r m o re _ _ _ . 5 or m ore 4y* o r m o re _ _ _ 4 or m ore _ . . . . . . . . 10 15 32 33 41 41 61 62 81 82 90 91 92 92 93 2 2 2 2 5 5 13 15 65 66 96 96 96 96 96 19 20 26 27 34 36 48 51 78 78 93 93 93 93 93 1 2 4 4 7 7 28 29 63 65 97 97 98 98 98 1 1 1 1 2 2 11 12 76 77 96 96 96 96 96 1 1 1 2 17 17 45 47 77 78 81 2 2 59 59 77 78 90 90 93 1 1 28 28 46 49 71 72 85 T otal re c eiv in g paid h olidays 95 97 97 99 97 85 94 89 y? y* 6 ... . ............ t . . . _ - - - - - - t 1 8 8 27 36 97 97 97 97 97 t 14 16 46 48 92 92 93 93 93 - 98 95 22 22 41 41 73 73 81 t t 2 2 9 9 48 50 91 91 93 93 94 1 1 44 46 93 93 93 93 95 1 1 2 2 10 10 43 44 91 91 95 95 96 85 98 97 98 3 t - - t _ _ _ - - 4 4 36 36 87 87 88 88 88 1 30 31 82 82 88 88 92 92 92 32 33 83 83 87 88 88 88 89 89 95 93 ____ , 1 A ll com binations of fu ll and h alf days that add to the sam e amount a re com bined; fo r exam ple, the p roportion of w o rk e rs days, 6 fu ll days and 2 h alf days, 5 fu ll days and 4 h alf days, and so on. t L e s s than 0.5 percent. - - t receiv in g a total of 7 days includes those with 7 fu ll days and . no half 56 Table B-14* Paid holidays - manufacturing (P e rc e n t of office and plant w o rk e rs em ployed in m anufacturing establishm ents that provide paid holidays by num ber of paid holidays p rovided annually) N o rth east N u m b er of paid holidays Boston B uffalo N ew Y o rk C ity South P h ila delphia Pitts burgh Atlanta B ir m in g ham N orth C e n tra l D a lla s M em phis C h icago C le v e land K ansas C ity W est Los M in n eA n g e le s a p o lis Long St. P a u l Beach P o rtlan d SiH F ran c is c o Oakland Seattle O ffic e w o r k e r s W o rk e rs in establish m en ts providing paid holidays __ _ U n der 5 holidays _ 5 holidays _ _____ 5 holidays plus 1 half d a y _________________ 5 holidays plus 2 or m ore half days ____ 6 holidays ___________________________________ 6 holidays plus 1 half d a y ___ _ 6 holidays plus 2 or m ore half days ____ 7 holidays ________________________ __________ 7 holidays plus 1 half day 7 holidays plus 2 or m ore half d a y s ____ 8 holidays __ 8 holidays plus 1 half day 8 holidays plus 2 or m ore half days 9 holidays _ __ 9 holidays plus 1 half day 9 holidays plus 2 or m ore half days 10 holidays __________________________ 10 holidays plus 1 half day _ 10 holidays plus 2 or m ore h alf days __ 11 holidays ____________________________ ____ 11 holidays plus 1 half day . __ _________ 11 holidays plus 2 or m o re h alf d a y s ___ O v er 11 holidays ___________ W o rk e rs in establishm ents providing no paid holidays 100 l t l 4 1 13 6 2 9 t 27 5 27 2 2 100 16 1 24 41 4 8 4 2 t ~ 100 1 t 3 7 3 t 15 2 1 15 1 t 19 3 4 16 2 1 4 " 100 - 99 - t 22 2 6 23 2 6 29 t 5 t 2 1 t 14 3 5 68 2 8 t 99 1 22 58 3 9 5 t 2 1 - 99 1 6 20 2 70 1 - 99 5 15 t 19 1 8 50 1 - ■ t t 1 t 100 5 31 1 22 4 28 3 5 - t L e s s than 0. 5 percent. 99 2 1 1 9 1 3 26 5 17 2 10 1 14 2 5 2 1 98 1 16 1 21 45 2 4 5 2 t t - 100 1 28 3 4 31 1 3 24 1 2 t 2 - 98 8 t 13 1 1 13 3 t 21 2 3 7 1 1 10 3 t 9 2 1 t 1 2 2 - 97 t 8 1 1 78 1 2 6 - 78 4 17 36 1 11 5 1 1 1 - - - - - - - “ - 96 1 5 20 1 67 2 - 93 7 19 2 20 1 9 34 1 - t - 99 t 45 2 34 16 2 t - t t 99 1 2 33 1 17 34 10 ■t - 98 3 43 3 34 14 1 t - 1 " P la n t W o rk e rs in establish m en ts p roviding paid holidays _ U nder 5 holidays ____________________ 5 holidays _____________________ ______ ____ 5 holidays plus 1 half day 5 holidays plus 2 or m ore half days ____ 6 holidays 6 holidays plus 1 half d a y _________________ 6 holidays plus 2 o r m ore half days ____ 7 holidays __ ___________ _______ _______ 7 holidays plus 1 half d a y _________________ 7 holidays plus 2 o r m ore h alf days ____ 8 holidays _ _ 8 holidays plus 1 half d a y ___ 8 holidays plus 2 o r m ore half days ____ 9 holidays 9 holidays plus 1 half d a y _________________ 9 holidays plus 2 or m ore half d a y s ____ 10 h o lid a y s __________________________________ 10 holidays plus 1 half day _______________ 10 holidays plus 2 or m ore h alf d a y s ___ 11 holidays _ __ _ _ 11 holidays plus 1 h alf d a y ______________ 11 holidays plus 2 o r m ore h alf days ___ O v e r 11 holidays ___________________________ W o rk e rs in establish m en ts providing no paid holidays _________________ _____ 99 t 35 6 14 35 1 t 8 - 100 2 t 32 4 13 37 10 1 - 100 54 15 9 8 2 8 4 1 - 100 t 57 2 7 24 3 t 6 - ■ ■ 98 t 1 51 2 7 27 3 1 5 - 87 1 38 47 1 - 91 1 4 2 61 1 1 19 2 - 89 1 2 6 26 55 - 2 13 9 11 100 1 53 43 2 - 100 1 1 68 1 2 23 2 2 1 - 100 2 1 20 77 t - “ w o rk ers 88 7 23 28 6 20 1 3 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 3 22 4 7 12 100 1 5 32 2 17 29 12 2 - - - - 98 1 54 17 4 11 1 9 2 - 2 “ 2 57 Table B-15? Paid holidays- public utilities* (P e rc e n t of office and plant w o rk e rs em ployed in public utilities establishm ents that provide paid holidays by num ber of paid holidays provided annually) N orth east N u m ber of paid holidays B oston 1 B u ffalo N ew Y o rk C it y 1 South P h ila delphia Pitts burgh Atlanta B ir m in g ham W est N orth C e n tra l D a lla s Me mphis C h ic a g o 1 C le v e land 1 Kansas C ity Los M inneA n g e le s a p o lis Long St. P a u l Beach1 P o rtlan d San F ran S eattle1 c is c o Oakland1 O ffic e w o r k e r s W o rk e rs in establishm ents p roviding paid h o l i d a y s _ _ _ _____ __ _______ U nder 5 holidays 5 h o l i d a y s _____ _____________________________ 5 holidays plus 1 h alf day _ _______ _____ 5 holidays plus 2 o r m o re half d a y s ____ 6 holidays ___ _____ __ ___________ 6 holidays plus 1 half day 6 holidays plus 2 o r m o re h alf days ____ 7 holidays 7 holidays plus 1 half d a y _________________ 7 holidays plus 2 o r m o re h alf days ____ 8 holidays __ ______ _ ____ _________ 8 holidays plus 1 h alf day _ ____________ 8 holidays plus 2 o r m ore h alf days ____ 9 holidays _____________ _____________________ 9 holidays plus 1 half day __ _ __ ___ 9 holidays plus 2 o r m ore h alf d a y s ____ 10 holidays _ 10 holidays plus 1 half d a y __ _ __ _ _ 10 holidays plus 2 or m ore h alf d a y s ___ 11 holidays ____________ ___________ ______ 11 holidays plus 1 h alf day _______________ 11 holidays plus 2 o r m o re half d a y s ___ _______________ O v e r 11 holidays _ W o rk e rs in establishm ents p rovidin g no paid holidays _ _ _ _ 100 l l l 3 1 11 53 29 - 99 13 4 2 17 18 45 - 100 t 3 18 t 2 1 1 2 t 66 5 t 1 " 1 “ 100 1 t 4 5 t 47 8 1 26 4 3 100 2 3 t 3 39 19 16 3 15 - 100 8 26 t 66 - 100 23 15 t 62 - " - 100 14 5 33 46 2 - P la n t W o rk e rs in establishm ents providing paid holidays _ . __ _ ______________ ___ U n der 5 holidays 5 holidays ____ _ __________________________ 5 holidays plus 1 half d a y _________________ 5 holidays plus 2 o r m ore h alf days ____ 6 h o l i d a y s ___________________________________ 6 holidays plus 1 half day ________________ 6 holidays plus 2 o r m ore h alf days 7 h o l i d a y s ......... _ ... _ 7 holidays plus 1 half d a y _________________ 7 holidays plus 2 o r m ore half days ____ 8 holidays __________ ______________________ 8 holidays plus 1 half d a y _________________ 8 holidays plus 2 or m ore h alf days ____ 9 holidays ____ _________ __ __________________ 9 holidays plus 1 half d a y _________________ 9 holidays plus 2 or m ore half days ____ 10 holidays _____ __________________________ __ 10 holidays plus 1 half day _______________ 10 holidays plus 2 o r m ore h alf d a y s ___ 11 h o lid a y s ______ __________________________ 11 holidays plus 1 half day ___________ 11 holidays plus 2 or m ore h alf d a y s ___ O ver 11 holidays ______ _______ ______ __ W o rk e rs in establishm ents providing no paid holidays ___________ ________________ 100 3 5 7 8 2 6 48 21 - 99 39 t 7 10 16 27 - 100 t 5 25 3 t 65 1 t " 1 ~ - 100 5 2 42 22 4 t 14 8 - 100 15 10 2 7 36 10 8 11 - - - 4 - - 100 1 20 23 56 - “ ~ “ 100 1 14 41 44 - 1 1 or m ore utilities a re m unicipally operated and, th e re fo re , excluded fro m the scope of the studies. t L e s s than 0. 5 percent. * T ran sportation (excluding r a ilr o a d s ), com m unication, and other public u tilities. 100 1 12 39 48 - 100 14 1 60 3 1 21 - 100 21 79 - 99 19 50 25 5 - 100 35 1 38 26 - 100 5 12 83 - 99 36 31 32 - 100 2 23 2 69 1 3 - 100 3 1 84 13 - " “ " 1 " ■ 1 _ “ 98 33 39 25 - 98 33 66 - 100 33 48 13 6 - 98 44 t 42 12 - 95 12 20 64 - 97 40 37 20 - 100 7 24 70 - 97 1 3 1 87 5 - 2 2 2 5 3 w o rk ers 88 11 6 30 41 - - 88 20 30 39 - 12 12 - - See footnote 4 to table in appendix B. 3 58 Ta b le B-16: Paid h o lid a y s - w h o le sa le tra d e (P e rc e n t of office and plant w o rk e rs em ployed in w h o lesale trade establishm ents that provide paid holidays by num ber of paid holidays p rovided annually) N orth east N u m ber of paid holidays Boston N ew Y o rk C ity South P h ila delphia Pitts burgh Atlanta O ffic e W o r k e r s in establish m en ts providin g paid h o l i d a y s __________ __ ___________________ U nder 5 holidays __ __ _____________ _ _ 5 holidays _____ _ __ __ ____ ______ 5 holidays plus 1 half d a y _________________ 5 holidays plus 2 o r m ore half d a y s ____ 6 holidays 6 holidays plus 1 h alf day _ _____ _____ 6 holidays plus 2 o r m ore h alf days ____ 7 h o lid a y s ____________________________________ 7 holidays plus 1 half d a y _______ __ ____ 7 holidays plus 2 o r m o re h alf d a y s ____ 8 holidays _ _ 8 holidays plus 1 h alf day __ ___________ 8 holidays plus 2 o r m o re h alf days ____ ________ ____________ _________ 9 holidays 9 holidays plus 1 half d a y _________________ 9 holidays plus 2 or m o re half days ____ 10 h o l i d a y s ________ _______ ___________________ 10 holidays plus 1 h alf day __ ______ __ 10 holidays plus 2 or m o re h alf days __ 11 h o l i d a y s __________________________________ 11 holidays plus 1 h alf day _________ ____ 11 holidays plus 2 or m ore h alf d a y s ___ O v e r 11 holidays _ __ __ __ _ __ _ W o rk e rs in establishm ents providin g no paid holidays _______________________________ 100 2 1 2 3 40 49 4 " 100 1 15 5 t 9 2 1 19 3 8 6 3 22 2 t 4 " 100 1 19 5 1 23 9 35 6 1 - 100 t 31 t 48 10 10 - ■ ~ N orth C e n tra l C h icago C le v e land W e st M innea p o lis St. P a u l Los A n g e le s L on g B each 100 42 3 44 5 6 - 100 31 2 5 34 6 22 - San F ran c is c o Oakland w o rk ers 100 26 1 55 4 14 " 99 47 5 5 32 9 1 2 - 100 78 9 10 2 - t " - 100 50 4 47 - " 100 6 78 13 3 - - P la n t w o r k e r s W o rk e rs in establish m en ts p rovidin g paid holidays ____ _____ _ __ ____ __ _ U n d er 5 holidays _ __ __ ______ _ 5 holidays __________ __ ____ _ 5 holidays plus 1 h alf d a y ______ ______ ____ 5 holidays plus 2 o r m o re h alf days ____ 6 holidays ___ __ __ ___________________ 6 holidays plus 1 h alf d a y __ ____ ______ 6 holidays plus 2 or m ore h alf days ____ 7 holidays ______________________ ____________ _ 7 holidays plus 1 half day __ ___ ________ 7 holidays plus 2 or m ore h alf days ____ 8 holidays __ ____________ ____________________ 8 holidays plus 1 half day ________________ _ 8 holidays plus 2 or m ore half days ____ 9 holidays ___________________________________ 9 holidays plus 1 half d a y __ ____________ 9 holidays plus 2 o r m ore half days ____ 10 holidays ___ __________ _______________ _ 10 holidays plus 1 h alf day _________ ____ 10 holidays plus 2 or m ore h alf days _._ 11 holidays ___________________________________ 11 holidays plus 1 half day _______________ 11 holidays plus 2 or m ore half d a y s ___ O ver 11 holidays --------------------------------------W o rk e rs in establish m en ts providing no paid holidays _____ __ ______________________ t L e s s than 0. 5 percent. t 6 1 30 2 5 6 95 9 22 20 1 23 3 15 1 - 97 3 29 45 6 14 - 98 39 2 39 3 15 - 97 2 62 2 4 20 4 2 t - 96 57 6 30 3 - “ 5 3 2 3 4 100 7 4 4 8 2 42 31 2 - 100 2 21 1 2 7 3 14 - “ 98 29 3 45 1 20 2 100 4 55 41 - 59 T a b le B - W Paid ho lid a y s - r e t a il tra d e (P e rc e n t of office and plant w o rk e rs em ployed in re ta il trade establishm ents that provide paid holidays by num ber of paid holidays provided annually) N o rth east N um ber of paid holidays Boston N ew Y o rk C ity 1 South P h ila delphia 1 P it t s burgh Atlanta D a lla s O ffic e W o rk e rs in establishm ents providing paid holidavs __ ____________ _______________ U nder 5 holidays __________ __ ________ 5 h o l i d a y s ___________________________________ 5 holidays plus 1 half day ________________ 5 holidays plus 2 or m ore half days ____ 6 holidays _____________ ____ _________ 6 holidays plus 1 half d a y _________________ 6 holidays plus 2 or m ore half days ____ 7 holidays ___________________________________ 7 holidays plus 1 half d a y _________________ 7 holidays plus 2 o r m ore h alf days 8 holidays __ __ ______________________________ 8 holidays plus 1 half d a y _________________ 8 holidays plus 2 or m ore half days ____ 9 holidays ___________________________________ 9 holidays plus 1 half day __ _____________ 9 holidays plus 2 or m ore half days ____ 10 holidays __________________________________ 10 holidays plus 1 half day _____ ________ 10 holidays plus 2 o r m ore h alf d a y s ___ 11 holidays _________ ___________ __________ 11 holidays plus 1 half day _______________ 11 holidays plus 2 o r m ore half d a y s ___ O v e r 11 holidays ___________ ___ _________ W o rk e rs in establishm ents p roviding no paid holidays ______________________________ 97 2 3 48 t 1 t 23 t 20 - 99 1 56 2 t 2 2 2 3 5 5 8 5 5 2 1 3 1 100 t 67 3 17 9 4 1 - 100 2 86 t 8 4 - 100 7 62 28 3 - N orth C e n tra l W est M inne apolis St. P a u l C hicago Portlan d San F ran c is c o Oakland Seattle w o rk ers 99 39 35 2 23 - 100 96 t 2 1 t t - 100 93 6 1 - 99 96 2 - t " ■ 1 100 3 82 12 2 1 - 90 3 87 - 99 16 4 60 2 17 - 98 6 92 - “ 10 1 2 100 t t 3 82 7 5 2 - 100 100 ■ P la n t w o r k e r s W o rk e rs in establishm ents providing paid holidays _ __ __ __ _____ __ __ ___ U nder 5 holidays 5 holidays 5 holidays plus 1 h alf d a y _________________ 5 holidays plus 2 or m ore half days ____ 6 holidays . _ 6 holidays plus 1 half day 6 holidays plus 2 or m ore h alf d a y s ____ 7 holidays __________________________ ___ 7 holidays plus 1 half day _____ _______ 7 holidays plus 2 or m o re half days ____ 8 holidays ____ ______ ________ _________ 8 holidays plus 1 half day _ ______________ 8 holidays plus 2 o r m ore half days ____ 9 holidays ____________ ___________ ____ 9 holidays plus 1 half day _ _ _________ 9 holidays plus 2 or m ore half days 10 holidays __________________________________ 10 holidays plus 1 h alf day _______________ 10 holidays plus 2 o r m o re half d a y s __ 11 holidays 11 holidays plus 1 h alf day _ _________ 11 holidays plus 2 o r m o re h alf d a y s ___ O v er 11 holidays _______ __ ______________ W o rk e rs in establishm ents providing no paid holidays _ 1 Excludes lim ited -p rice v a riety sto re s, t L e s s than 0. 5 percent. 91 9 4 1 2 32 5 2 30 5 - 97 6 5 2 60 5 8 1 1 t 4 t 1 9 3 - 100 9 57 33 2 - 97 10 79 t 8 - 94 15 72 5 2 - 87 46 30 11 - 96 7 82 6 t t - 3 “ 3 6 13 4 t • 60 Tahlfi B-18: Paid holidays - finance #* (P e rc e n t of office w o rk e rs em ployed in finance establishm ents that provide paid holidays by num ber of paid holidays p rovided annually) South N ortheast N u m b er of paid holidays Boston N ew Y o rk C ity P h ila delphia P it t s burgh Atlanta N orth C e n tra l D a lla s C h icago C le v e land W est M innea p o lis St. P a u l Los A n g e le s Long B each San F ran c is c o Oakland O ffic e w o rk e rs W o r k e r s in establish m en ts providing paid holidays ____ __ _________ ___________ U nder 5 holidays __________________________ 5 holidays ____ __ ___________ ___________ 5 holidays plus 1 half day _ ____________ 5 holidays plus 2 or m ore half days ____ 6 holidays . . .. . 6 holidays plus 1 half d a y _________________ 6 holidays plus '2 or m ore half days ____ 7 holidays _ _________________________________ 7 holidays plus 1 half day 7 holidays plus 2 or m ore half days ____ 8 holidays ___________________________________ 8 holidays plus 1 half day _______________ 8 holidays plus 2 or m ore h alf days ____ 9 holidays 9 holidays plus 1 half d a y _________________ 9 holidays plus 2 or m ore half days ____ 10 holidays _ .......... _ 10 holidays plus 1 half day _______________ 10 holidays plus 2 or m ore half d a y s ___ 11 holidays _________________ _______________ 11 holidays plus 1 h alf day _ 11 holidays plus 2 o r m ore half d a y s ___ O v e r 11 holidays ___________________________ W o rk e rs in establishm ents providing no paid holidays _ . t ** L e s s than 0. 5 percent. Fin an ce, in su ran ce, and re a l estate. 100 3 - 7 100 t 1 2 2 8 100 t 1 t 2 3 t 4 2 - - 2 - - 2 4 - - - 86 4 49 14 1 22 - 5 - 1 77 100 23 52 2 t 6 7 5 - 100 33 3 6 4 11 3 6 25 5 - - 4 - - 5 - 100 t 18 18 5 50 2 3 4 - 100 13 4 7 5 2 3 4 5 5 3 2 2 2 t 100 67 10 2 6 3 1 100 38 4 18 15 2 10 - - 13 9 _ - - _ - - - 35 5 3 - - - 2 - - - - 100 26 t 100 _ _ _ _ 19 17 5 6 2 7 21 _ 36 5 2 21 5 _ 3 - _ 3 3 _ 8 1 3 - - 3 _ - 5 61 Ta b le B -1 9 i Paid h o lid a y s - services (P e rc e n t of office and plant w o rk e rs em ployed in s e rv ic e s establishm ents that provide paid holidays by num ber of paid holidays provided annually) N orth east N u m ber of paid holidays Boston N ew Y o rk City P h ila delphia North C e n tral W est N orth east C hicago Los A n g e le s Long Beach1 N ew Y o rk C ity Boston 100 100 100 99 100 - - - 1 - - 2 7 1 - 16 5 48 16 2 22 64 4 2 - 2 1 5 - 1 17 - 8 - 44 - 12 11 67 - 2 46 66 31 49 - - 1 1 15 t 3 - - 27 - 14 51 t 1 18 9 5 - 1 5 - - 8 2 18 4 4 6 - 5 3 - - - - 23 1 t 6 t - 1 13 3 t 11 - 12 3 5 - 36 1 Excludes m otion-picture production and a llie d se rv ic e s ; data for these industries are included, h ow ever, in " a l l in d u s trie s ." t L e s s than 0. 5 percent. 88 52 - 5 Los A n geles Long B each 1 - 92 - t 11 Ch icago 88 3 64 25 2 1 4 P h ila delphia W est Plant w o rke rs O ffice w orkers W o rk e rs in establishm ents providing paid holidays ____________ ________ _______ Under 5 holidays ________ _____ _ _______ 5 holidays __________ _ -----------------------------5 holidays plus 1 half d a y _________________ 5 holidays plus 2 o r m o re half days ____ 6 holidays ________ _________________________ 6 holidays plus 1 half d a y ____ __________ 6 holidays plus 2 or m ore h alf days ____ 7 holidays ___________________________________ 7 holidays plus 1 half d a y _________________ 7 holidays plus 2 or m ore h alf days ____ 8 holidays __________________________________ 8 holidays plus 1 half d a y _____________ __ 8 holidays plus 2 or m ore half days ____ 9 holidays _ ____________ ________________ 9 holidays plus 1 half d a y _________________ 9 holidays plus 2 o r m ore half days ____ 10 holidays ______________ __ _ ___ _____ 10 holidays plus 1 h alf day _______________ 10 holidays plus 2 or m ore h alf d a y s ___ 11 h o lid a y s ____________________________ _______ 11 holidays plus 1 half day _______________ 11 holidays plus 2 or m ore half d a y s ___ O v er 11 holidays ___________________ ______ W o rk e rs in establishm ents providing no paid holidays _ ___________________________ N orth C e n tra l - 3 t - 8 12 - 6 1 2 - 7 - t t - 5 - 9 t 2 - - - 12 33 t 62 Table B-20: Paid vacations-all industries (P e rc e n t of office and plant w o r k e r s em ployed in a ll establishm ents p roviding paid vacations by amount of vacation pay provided and by specified le n g t h -o f-s e r v ic e p e rio d s ) South N ortheast Am ount of vacation pay 1 and se rv ic e perio d Boston 2 B u ffalo New Y o rk C ity 2 P it t s P h ila delphia 2 bu rgh Atlanta B ir m in g ham N orth C en tral D a lla s C le v e M e m p h is2 C h icago 2 land 2 K an sas City vVest Los M in n eA n g e le s a p o lis Long St. P a u l B each 2 P o rtlan d San F ra n Seattle 2 c is c o O akland'! Office w o rk e rs 1 w eek o r m o re ________________________________ 6 months 1 y e a r _________ _____________________________ 100 85 100 100 68 100 99 86 99 99 68 99 99 60 99 100 58 100 100 61 100 99 56 99 100 54 100 99 64 99 100 67 100 99 39 99 99 57 99 100 51 99 100 50 100 100 66 100_ 100 40 100 99 26 96 99 99 99 99 t 81 90 97 99 99 15 92 99 99 99 99 13 77 94 95 99 99 3 78 95 97 99 99 t 78 93 95 98 94 6 62 84 91 94 98 t 67 89 93 97 99 t 65 82 92 99 99 5 80 97 99 99 100 t 84 94 97 99 99 t 64 89 96 99 99 t 69 90 98 99 100 5 80 96 99 100 100 t 68 89 98 100 100 9 82 99 100 100 100 83 96 99 100 3 w eek s o r m ore . . ...... . ..... 3 y e a rs 5 y e a rs ____________________________________ 10 y e a rs _ .................................. 15 y e a r s _ ................. 20 y e a rs _____________________________________ 25 y e a rs 91 7 26 42 85 88 91 89 t 6 37 88 89 89 90 5 18 56 88 88 90 87 92 t t 13 88 92 92 68 - 60 3 9 51 58 60 64 4 16 46 61 64 88 3 6 37 85 86 88 78 85 t 19 64 66 68 59 t t 8 55 58 59 90 t 7 33 83 85 87 t t 21 89 90 90 t 6 23 72 75 78 t 5 32 84 85 85 85 5 8 24 80 85 85 75 3 3 24 69 74 75 88 4 8 27 81 88 88 50 T t 9 42 50 50 4 w eek s or m ore _ ......... 10 y e a rs _ ____ 15 y e a r s _____________________________________ 20 y e a rs 25 y e a rs 29 4 4 10 29 26 - 49 t 5 17 49 32 t t 4 32 26 5 26 7 t 7 16 t 16 15 32 t t 11 32 14 - 31 - 18 21 4 21 24 t 3 14 29 t t 7 29 t t 5 24 22 5 22 2 w eek s o r m ore 6 months 1 year 2 y e a rs _ . . ... .... 3 y e a rs 5 y e a rs ... . . __ .... .................. _ _ _ t 7 26 15 t 3 15 t t 3 15 t 6 31 t t 7 18 Plant workers 1 w eek o r m o re ............ 6 months ... .. 1 y e a r ________________________________________ 99 38 100 16 99 37 99 24 99 99 99 99 100 5 100 96 22 95 98 8 98 98 15 98 98 16 97 2 w eek s or m ore _______________________________ 6 months _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 y e a r _______________________________________ 2 y e a rs ______________________________________ 3 y e a rs _______________________________________ 5 y e a rs ____________________________________ 98 4 40 51 64 98 99 95 t 18 34 57 99 44 68 87 95 97 t 24 38 58 95 98 t 6 18 28 98 85 32 49 59 83 91 6 24 37 91 90 18 48 74 88 86 12 26 54 84 3 w eek s or m o r e ___ __ 3 y e a rs ______________________________________ 5 years __ ________ _ __ ._ _ 10 y e a rs 15 y e a r s _____________________________________ 20 y e a r s _____________________________________ 25 y e a r s _ 77 88 t 7 28 86 87 88 64 7 15 35 63 63 64 72 t 5 34 71 71 72 94 t t 8 92 94 94 45 3 16 42 44 45 76 - 43 t 13 26 74 76 77 45 - 4 w eek s o r m o re ........... ... 10 y e a r s 15 y e a r s _____________________________________ 20 y e a r s _____________________________________ 25 y e a r s _____________________________________ 16 7 7 9 16 22 - 14 t 4 6 14 18 3 18 11 - 12 7 12 t 7 22 3 t 5 11 t 4 73 76 76 t - t t 99 14 99 10 99 13 99 11 99 21 99 99 99 99 99 100 5 100 100 29 100 99 99 99 11 22 33 99 97 19 38 63 97 99 t 18 51 72 98 t 18 45 79 99 98 t 38 73 90 98 100 13 36 68 100 100 26 82 92 100 97 43 68 80 97 84 4 7 30 82 84 84 89 t t 15 87 87 89 65 4 12 65 65 65 76 t 6 27 72 73 76 76 4 12 25 76 76 76 55 88 6 11 31 87 88 88 72 t t 39 71 72 72 11 4 11 20 - 23 11 17 t 9 - t 3 23 T t t t 3 38 41 43 t 6 39 41 45 8 - 6 - 24 t 10 24 T 8 b, t T 20 t 5 11 t t 18 50 53 55 16 - t 3 16 t t 3 17 99 38 t, t 9 1 Includes p e rc e n ta g e - o r fla t-s u m -ty p e paym ents converted to equivalent w eeks* pay. P e r io d s of se rv ic e w e re a r b it r a r ily chosen and do not n e c e s s a rily re fle c t the individual p ro v isio n s fo r p r o g re s s io n s . F o r exam ple, the changes in p roportion s indicated at 10 y e a rs* se rv ic e include changes in p ro v isio n s o c c u rrin g between 5 and 10 y e a r s . E stim a te s a re cum ulative* Thus, the proportion rec e iv in g 3 w eeks* pay or m ore a fte r 5 y e a rs includes those who rec e iv e 3 weeks* pay o r m o re a fte r fe w e r y e a r s of s e rv ic e . 2 Exceptions to the standard industry lim itations a re shown in footnotes 4 and/or 6 to the table in appendix B . | L e s s than 2 .5 percent. 63 Table B-21* Paid vacations- manufacturing (P e rc e n t of office and plcut w o r k e r s em ployed in m anufacturing establish m en ts p roviding paid vacations by amount of vacation pay provided and by specified le n g th -o f-s e rv ic e p e rio d s ) N ortheast Amount of vacation pay 1 and se rv ic e p eriod Boston B u ffalo New Y o rk City South P h ila delphia P it t s bu rgh Atlanta B ir m in g ham North C en tral D a lla s M em phis C hicago C le v e land K an sas City vVest Los M in n eA n g e le s a p o lis Long St. P a u l Beach P ortlan d San F ran Seattle c is c o Oakland O ffic e w o r k e r s 1 w eek o r m o re 6 months 1 year _ _. 100 77 100 100 65 100 100 78 100 100 71 100 99 60 99 99 35 99 100 70 100 99 43 99 100 46 100 100 66 100 100 80 100 100 36 100 99 67 99 100 37 100 100 56 100 100 65 100 100 15 100 100 11 97 99 99 100 99 t 85 90 95 99 100 5 93 98 98 100 99 5 86 91 92 99 99 t 86 94 97 99 98 99 t 76 93 95 99 98 99 88 96 99 100 100 3 72 89 94 100 100 91 96 97 100 99 f 77 90 97 99 100 64 79 92 99 100 t 75 85 96 100 100 t 63 88 96 98 100 6 83 96 99 100 100 84 92 94 98 94 99 100 100 92 97 99 100 3 w eek s or m ore . ... _ _ 3 y e a rs ____________________ _______ ___________ 5 y e a rs .. . . 10 y e a r s __ ______ ____________________ _________ 15 y e a r s ._ . _ 20 y e a rs ........ 25 y e a r s ___ __ _ .. _ . ... 85 t 9 17 82 84 85 94 88 9 21 55 88 88 88 88 96 28 80 62 60 91 5 7 40 89 91 91 94 r t 19 92 92 94 83 83 - 3 22 82 83 83 t 11 45 81 82 83 89 8 10 25 89 89 89 73 10 10 22 64 71 73 82 8 8 32 81 82 82 17 5 5 7 17 17 17 4 w eeks or m ore ___ 10 y e a rs _ _ 15 y e a r s ...... ............... ...... ........................... . 2 0 y e a r s _____ ... ........ _ 25 years . _ _. _. 8 t t t 8 28 3 3 9 28 10 22 27 19 22 t - - - - .... . . . _ ._..................... 2 w eeks or m ore _ 6 months ... ._ . I year _ ... _ 2 y e a r s ........... 3 y e a rs . ... 5 y e a rs _ . . ....... . ._ ... _ .. .......... . _ - 4 32 93 94 94 22 - t 5 22 43 6 15 18 43 - - 14 43 87 88 88 t 8 91 95 96 26 - t t 26 - - - - - 15 28 28 28 t 13 79 79 80 5 21 61 61 62 t 21 49 58 60 11 3 11 15 9 - - - - - t t 11 - - - - t 9 - - - 3 11 15 - P la n t - - t 10 22 t t 27 10 t t 5 10 100 16 100 100 t 100 99 100 - - - - - - - - - t 19 5 22 f t 100 29 100 99 50 99 99 97 w o rk ers 1 w eek o r m o re 6 months __ .. ... _ ... . 1 y e a r _________________________________________ 100 23 100 100 10 100 100 25 100 100 28 100 100 t 100 2 w eek s or m ore _. .... . ............ 6 months _ __ .. _ _ .. ___ 1 y e a r .. . ....... . .............. 2 y e a rs ______ ________________________________ 3 y e a rs ___ __ . _ .... . ....... .... _ 5 y e a rs _ _ . ......... 98 t 19 26 47 98 99 90 t 40 55 73 90 98 t 28 29 50 96 99 3 6 12 99 26 36 43 81 3 18 28 97 11 36 74 90 t 10 40 82 12 38 61 98 7 11 19 99 17 24 50 100 8 25 67 99 42 67 87 99 8 15 47 100 24 69 85 99 5j 60 66 97 3 w eeks or m ore . . . _______ 3 y e a rs _______________________________________ 5 y e a rs _______________________________________ 10 y e a r s ......... ................ ........................ ....... 15 y e a rs ______________________________________ 20 y e a r s ................................... ................... . 2 5 y e a r s _____ _ . _ _ ____ ______ ____ 72 t 5 14 69 71 72 61 13 16 37 60 61 61 72 97 33 90 48 44 - t 4 90 90 90 t t 42 44 44 t t 11 92 92 94 62 3 11 33 33 33 r t 5 47 47 48 78 5 8 20 78 78 78 16 52 59 62 88 8 11 29 86 88 88 83 - 74 4 13 72 74 74 85 t t 5 96 97 97 89 6 8 31 67 89 89 94 - 7 29 72 72 72 4 w eeks o r m o re _____________________ 10 y e a rs . ..... . ...... ...... r . .. ____ 15 y e a rs _____________ _______ _________________ 20 y e a rs ______ __ ... . _______ __ .. 25 y e a rs ________________________________________ 7 t t t 7 16 - 7 - 3 - t 7 - 3 - 19 - 8 - 20 - 17 - 19 - - t t - - - - - - - - 3 t 7 3 6 19 3 8 17 4 19 - 14 27 46 99 92 - t 20 90 92 92 23 t 6 23 9 3 5 6 9 3 16 - 7 1 Includes p e rcen tage- o r fla t-s u m -ty p e paym ents converted to equivalent weeks* pay. ■f L e s s than 2 .5 percent. 95 8 94 99 3 99 98 4 98 99 7 97 99 11 99 100 8 100 100 6 100 100 7 100 82 97 90 84 99 99 100 100 - - - - See footnote 1, table B -2 0 . - - - - - 20 - t 8 35 82 83 85 25 t 5 25 - 8 r t 4 8 - j r - - t 3 57 82 83 83 t T t 64 Table B-22? Paid vacations - public utilities * (P e rc e n t of office and plant w o rk e rs em ployed in public utilities establishm ents providing paid vacations by amount of vacation pay provided after sp ecified le n g t h -o f-s e r v ic e p erio d s) N o rth east Am ount of vacation pay 1 and se rv ic e p e rio d B oston 2 B u ffalo N ew Y o rk C it y 2 South P h ila delphia Pitts burgh Atlanta B ir m in g ham North C e n tra l D a lla s M em phis C h ic a g o 2 O ffic e 1 w e e k o r m o r e .... , _ 6 months ____ 1 y e a r ____ __ ___________________ _ . _________ 100 89 100 100 73 100 100 89 100 2 w eeks or m o re _______________________________ 6 m o n th s _____________________________________ 1 y e a r _ __ ________________ ______________ 2 y e a rs _ ........... _ 3 y e a rs _______________________________________ 5 y e a rs _. . _ _....... ...... _ 100 53 96 99 99 99 100 t 72 95 100 100 100 17 97 100 100 100 3 weeks or m ore _______________________________ 3 y e a rs . . . . . . .. _ . . ......... 5 y e a rs _______________________________________ 10 y e a rs _ .._ _ .... 15 y e a rs _____ 20 y e a rs _____________________________________ 25 y e a rs ----------------------------------------------------- 98 t 3 25 98 98 98 89 t 21 89 89 89 4 weeks o r m ore .... _ _ . ... 10 y e a rs ___________________ ______________ 15 y e a r s __ __ _ _ _ _ __ 20 y e a rs __________________________________ 25 y e a rs _____ ____ ______ ________ __ 30 t 30 3 3 C le v e land2 Kansas C ity W est Los M inne A n g e le s apolis Long St. P a u l B each 2 P o rtlan d San F ran Seattle2 c is c o O akland2 w o rk ers 100 60 100 100 56 100 100 69 100 100 54 100 100 73 100 100 64 99 100 53 100 100 14 100 100 69 100 100 7 100 100 48 100 100 43 100 100 60 100 100 65 100 100 100 49 98 98 100 100 54 93 100 100 100 19 51 88 100 100 100 41 87 98 98 100 28 66 98 100 100 88 98 100 100 100 t 54 93 95 100 98 _ 70 87 95 98 100 29 89 97 100 100 7 91 99 100 100 47 83 100 100 100 47 99 99 100 38 93 100 100 100 _ 85 89 95 100 95 5 8 24 95 95 95 97 t 12 96 96 97 97 3 96 97 97 96 t 19 89 96 96 68 8 68 68 68 93 - 90 3 90 90 90 90 t t 3 90 90 90 89 15 89 89 89 93 50 92 93 93 93 _ t 75 92 93 92 6 24 91 92 92 t 93 93 93 78 3 3 38 78 78 78 93 3 17 23 93 93 93 76 3 3 14 72 76 76 8 5 5 36 _ 36 12 4 12 5 5 5 7 7 7 20 6 7 20 20 25 18 25 36 t 36 24 16 24 26 26 25 25 12 12 12 29 r r H t 2< - t T 5 8 3 P la n t ~ w o rk e rs 1 week or m o r e ___ ______ ___________________ 6 m o n th s ____________ ________ ____________ 1 y e a r ________ ___ 100 80 100 100 56 100 100 88 100 100 33 100 100 42 100 100 53 100 100 49 100 99 54 99 100 43 95 100 5 100 100 14 100 100 61 100 100 7 100 100 48 100 100 26 100 100 74 100 100 55 100 2 weeks or m ore _ ..... 6 months ___________ ,______r__ _____ t,__ 1 y e a r ___________ __________________________ 2 y e a r s _____ ____ _ _ ____ _ _ 3 y e a r s ___ __ _ _________________ ___ 5 y e a rs _______________________________________ 100 47 89 92 93 100 100 t 49 56 99 100 100 19 80 94 100 100 100 4 23 64 70 100 100 13 86 91 100 100 31 73 99 100 100 _ 34 79 99 100 99 _ 30 69 88 99 100 25 63 90 100 100 32 70 100 100 100 37 69 98 100 100 48 73 87 100 100 22 72 96 100 99 11 C3 97 99 100 30 73 100 100 100 36 96 100 100 100 65 68 96 100 3 w eeks or m ore ... ... .. . _ 3 y e a r s ___ _____________ ____ __ _______ 5 y e a rs _______________________________________ 10 y e a r s __ ___________________________________ 15 y e a rs __ ... .. ____ . .. . 20 y e a r s _____________________ ____ ____ _____ _ 25 y e a rs __ _ ______ _ ______ 100 5 5 23 100 100 100 99 t 40 98 99 81 - 99 93 5 11 24 93 93 93 99 14 99 99 99 95 3 22 90 95 95 92 12 92 92 92 90 _ 71 81 90 84 18 84 84 84 99 4 99 99 99 100 100 100 100 99 10 99 99 99 97 37 97 97 97 86 7 86 86 86 75 26 75 75 75 93 9 11 15 93 93 93 4 weeks or m ore _______________________________ 10 y e a rs ________ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 15 y e a rs __ _____ _ __ ___________ 20 y e a rs _ _ 25 y e a rs ________ ______________ __ _____ 25 25 17 17 3 3 3 3 3 20 t 20 22 22 22 12 12 12 14 14 14 10 10 10 55 t 48 55 56 29 56 26 19 26 12 12 22 22 13 13 13 18 1 2 3 4 t * t 33 81 81 81 9 - 9 Includes percen tage- o r flat-sum -type payments converted to equivalent w e e k s1pay. See footnote 1,table B-20. 1 o r m ore utilities a re m unicipally operated and, th e re fo re , excluded fro m thescope of thestudies. See footnote 4 to table in appendix B. E stim ate fo r previous study should re a d "5 2 " instead of " 9 1 ." E stim ate fo r previous study should re a d "2 7 " instead of " 4 4 ." L e s s than 2. 5 percent. T ran sp o rtatio n (excluding r a ilr o a d s ), com m unication, and other public utilities. 18 67 t T 16 67 67 67 - 65 Ta b le B -2 3 : Pa id v a c a tio n s- w h o le sa le tra d e (P e rc e n t of office and plant w o rk e rs em ployed in w h o lesale trade establish m en ts providing paid vacations by amount of vacation pay provided a fte r specified le n g th -o f-s e rv ic e p e rio d s ) Northeast Amount of vacation pay 1 and se rv ic e perio d Boston New Y o rk City South P h ila delphia P it t s burgh Atlanta N orth C en tral Chicago West C le ve land M in n ea p o lis St. P au l Los A n gele sLong B each San F ran c is c o Oakland O ffic e w o rk ers 1 w eek o r m ore _________________________________ 6 months 1 year _ 100 76 100 100 89 100 100 54 100 100 37 100 100 29 100 100 51 100 100 59 100 100 32 100 100 39 100 100 28 100 2 w eek s or m ore 6 months .._ ...... 1 y e a r _________________________________________ 2 y e a rs __________________ __________________ 3 y e a rs 5 y e a rs _______________________________________ 98 7 97 98 98 98 100 13 97 100 100 100 95 6 81 89 92 95 100 78 94 98 100 100 _ 85 97 98 98 100 _ 74 93 98 100 100 _ 77 84 100 100 100 63 82 100 100 100 _ 65 99 100 100 100 _ 69 100 100 100 3 w eeks or m o re _ 3 y e a rs _ . . 5 years . 10 y e a r s ___________________ ______ _____________ 15 y e a rs ......... 20 y e a rs 2 5 y e a rs .... _ 80 t t 31 73 73 80 84 6 51 83 84 84 72 t 7 37 72 72 72 94 t t 21 94 94 94 69 5 21 65 66 69 76 3 37 75 75 76 80 t 25 74 80 80 85 31 85 85 85 80 t 6 36 76 79 80 78 11 78 78 78 4 w eeks or m o re _ .. . ... 10 y e a r s ______________________________________ 15 y e a r s ______________________________________ 20 y e a r s ______________________________________ 25 y e a r s ______________________________________ 17 t t t 17 27 t t 6 27 29 t t t 29 14 4 14 15 15 32 3 3 13 32 14 14 26 6 26 26 t 26 26 26 P la n t w o r k e r s 1 w eek o r m o re _________________________________ 6 months _____________________________________ 1 y e a r _________________________________________ 100 55 100 100 66 100 84 16 84 100 12 100 96 19 96 98 22 97 92 25 92 100 18 100 98 17 98 100 10 100 2 w eek s or m o re ...... .... . _ ... ... .. 6 months 1 y e a r _________________________________________ 2 y e a rs _______________________________________ 3 y e a rs ____________________________ ___________ 5 y e a rs _________________ ____________________ 92 7 68 82 87 92 100 t 75 94 96 100 80 28 37 62 80 87 36 55 68 87 89 38 73 81 88 98 42 72 84 98 89 47 62 70 89 100 31 70 95 100 98 32 90 95 98 100 21 100 100 100 ....... _ 3 w eeks or m ore 3 y e a rs ______________________________________ 5 y e a rs __ ___________________________________ 10 y e a rs _________ __________________________ 15 y e a rs ______________________________________ 20 y e a rs ______________________________________ 25 y e a rs ______________________________________ 80 7 7 25 75 75 80 77 3 19 42 75 77 77 48 - 47 - 80 - 26 48 48 48 93 22 93 93 93 t 10 38 45 47 t 40 78 78 80 65 t 15 63 65 65 89 29 88 88 89 87 T 45 83 85 87 100 5 5 27 100 100 100 4 w eeks or m ore ________________________________ 10 y e a rs ______________________________________ 15 y e a r s ______________________________________ 20 y e a r s ______________________________________ 25 y e a rs _ ___________________________________ 16 7 7 7 16 19 t 19 11 11 12 3 12 6 6 33 25 25 16 12 “ 16 ~ 4 12 15 " " 6 15 _ 1 Includes p erc e n ta g e - o r fla t-s u m -ty p e paym ents converted to equivalent w e e k s 1 pay. | L e s s than 2 .5 percent. See footnote 1, table B -2 0 . t t 8 33 66 T a b le B -2 4 : Pa id v a c a tio n s- re ta il tra d e (P e rc e n t of office and plant w o r k e r s em ployed in re ta il trade establish m en ts p roviding paid vacations by amount of vacation pay provided a fte r sp ecified le n g th -o f-s e rv ic e p e rio d s ) N orth east Am ount of vacation pay 1 and se rv ic e perio d Boston New Y o rk City 2 South P h ila delphia2 P it t s burgh Atlanta N orth C en tral D a lla s C h icago M in n ea p o lis St. P a u l West P o rtlan d San F ran c is c o Oakland Seattle Office clerical 1 w eek o r m o re . ___ 6 months _____________________________________ 1 y e a r _________________________________________ 100 74 100 100 48 99 100 25 100 100 4 100 100 41 100 100 13 100 100 26 100 100 19 100 100 100 17 100 100 17 100 2 w eek s or m ore ________________________________ 6 months _____________________________________ 1 y e a r _________________________________________ 2 y e a rs _______________________________________ 3 y e a rs . . _ . .. .... ....... 5 y e a rs _______________________________________ 100 82 100 100 100 99 45 98 99 99 100 25 87 98 100 98 t 18 91 96 98 97 44 89 90 96 98 15 81 89 96 99 t 31 99 99 99 100 23 80 95 100 100 24 88 100 100 100 35 100 100 100 100 26 100 100 100 3 w eeks or m ore ________________________________ 3 y e a rs _______________________________________ 5 y e a rs _______________________________________ 10 y e a r s _______________________________________ 15 y e a r s ______________________________________ 20 y e a r s __ __________________________________ 25 y e a r s ______________________________________ 96 47 66 92 95 96 81 4 28 73 81 81 81 91 5 48 89 89 91 89 3 11 85 89 89 76 12 52 68 76 76 50 - 38 46 50 87 3 59 84 87 87 73 5 10 71 72 73 44 13 44 44 44 90 11 33 90 90 90 82 t 11 82 82 82 4 w eeks or m ore ________________________________ 10 y e a r s ______________________________________ 15 y e a r s ______ ________ ________________________ 20 y e a r s ______________________________________ 25 y e a r s ______________________________*________ 56 35 35 38 56 39 54 73 46 30 19 45 “ “ " " ” t t t 11 39 t t 36 60 32 - - 7 54 20 36 - - 19 60 - 32 12 73 100 T 46 t 30 19 45 t Plant workers 99 37 99 100 7 100 100 _ 100 97 47 97 96 15 96 100 31 100 100 20 100 100 100 100 6 100 98 14 98 99 _ 99 _ 94 _ 12 60 90 94 90 42 99 99 99 98 _ 13 56 90 98 92 79 98 98 99 98 t 36 90 93 98 100 38 79 98 100 99 10 66 99 99 100 19 95 96 100 98 18 94 98 98 88 _ 53 7 8 49 52 53 31 17 31 31 31 89 18 42 89 89 89 69 4 64 82 82 88 76 _ 26 74 76 76 3 14 69 69 69 36 4 36 38 6 35 38 29 15 18 29 ■ t 29 " 15 ~ 4 18 1 w eek o r m o r e ___ 6 months _______ 1 y e a r _________ 100 68 100 2 w eek s or m o r e __ 6 months _______ 1 y e a r ___________ 2 y e a rs _________ 3 y e a r s _________ 5 y e a rs _________ 96 3 w eeks or m o r e __ 3 y e a rs _________ 5 y e a rs _________ 10 y e a r s ________ 15 y e a r s ________ 20 y e a r s ________ 25 y e a rs ________ 43 63 90 94 96 73 4 20 54 72 72 73 4 w eeks or m o r e __ 10 y e a r s ________ 15 y e a r s ________ 20 y e a rs ________ 25 y e a r s ------------ 43 30 30 36 43 36 t 6 10 36 _ 1 Includes p erc e n ta g e - o r fla t-s u m -ty p e paym ents converted to equivalent w e e k s ' pay. 2 E xclu des lim it e d -p r ic e variety sto re s. "f L e s s than 2.5 percent. - - 53 75 82 87 19 66 76 88 59 30 - - 12 37 56 59 59 t t 17 25 30 81 9 40 77 81 81 37 22 37 10 10 41 17 41 See footnote 1, table B-20. _ - ' 3 29 67 Table B-25: Paid vacations- finance ** (P e rc e n t of office w o rk e rs em ployed in finance establishm ents providing paid vacations by amount of vacation pay provided afte r sp ecified le n g th -o f-s e rv ic e p eriods) South N ortheast Am ount of vacation pay 1 and s e rv ic e p erio d Boston N ew Y o rk C ity P h ila delphia Pitts burgh Atlanta W est N orth C e n tra l D a lla s Ch icago C le v e land M inne apolis St. P au l Los A n geles Long Beach San F ran c is c o Oakland O f f ic e w o r k e r s 1 w eek or m o r e _________________________________ 6 months __ _____ _ ____________ _________ 1 y e a r _ _________ __ ---------------------- __ __ 100 95 100 99 97 99 99 90 99 100 96 100 100 90 100 100 72 100 99 91 99 100 61 100 100 86 100 100 86 100 100 91 100 2 weeks or m ore _________________________ ___ 6 months __________________________________ _ 1 y e a r ... , ....... .......... .... ...... —_______ _ 2 y e a rs ______________ __ ______ ____________ _ 3 y e a rs _______ ____________ ________ _____ 5 y e a rs ___ _________________________________ 100 45 100 100 100 100 99 25 98 99 99 99 99 38 95 99 99 99 100 12 98 100 100 100 100 9 96 96 96 100 100 t 100 100 100 100 99 11 98 99 99 99 100 6 92 95 100 100 100 t 97 100 100 100 100 22 100 100 100 100 100 24 100 100 100 100 3 w eeks o r m ore _ _ _ __ __ 3 y e a rs „ __ ____ ______________________ 5 y e a rs __ _____ __ _________ __ _______ 10 y e a rs ____ __ ______ ____ __ _ 15 y e a rs __ _____ _____ __ _ __ ____ 20 y e a rs __ _________________________________ 25 y e a rs __ _________ ____ ______ __ ___ 100 12 43 60 87 93 100 96 4 16 61 92 93 96 91 t 17 75 84 91 82 20 76 82 82 83 10 79 79 83 53 3 6 44 53 53 94 3 31 89 89 94 98 3 26 98 98 98 94 20 91 94 94 87 3 7 20 69 85 87 94 t t 19 75 94 94 4 weeks o r m o r e __ _____ _ ______ _______ 10 y e a rs __ __________________ _____________ 15 y e a rs __ __________________ __ _____ _ 20 y e a rs _________ __ _______ __ _________ 25 y e a rs __ ________ ______ _______________ 47 14 47 77 t 24 77 49 7 49 10 3 10 50 10 50 21 3 21 30 t 9 30 18 6 18 36 18 36 27 3 18 27 28 8 28 1 Includes p e rcen tage- or fla t-s u m -ty p e payments converted to equivalent w eek s1 pay. t L e s s than 2. 5 percent. * * Finance, in suran ce, and re a l estate. See footnote 1, table B -2 0 . 68 Table B-26s Paid vacations- services (P e rc e n t of office and plant w o rk e rs em ployed in s e rv ic e s establishm ents providing paid vacations by amount of vacation pay provided a fte r specified le n g t h -o f-s e r v ic e period s) N o rth east Amount of vacation p ay 1 and s e rv ic e p erio d Boston N ew Y o rk City P h ila delphia N orth C e n tra l W est C h icago Los A n g e le s Long B each2 N o rth east Boston N ew Y o rk C ity North C e n tra l P h ila delphia C h icago W est Los A n geles Long Beach2 P lant w o rke rs Office workers 1 w eek or m o re „ . _ 6 months _____________________________________ ___________ 1 y e a r ____ ____________ ____ 100 81 100 100 82 100 100 53 100 100 57 100 100 51 99 97 8 97 99 17 99 100 9 100 99 5 99 9? 13 88 2 w eeks o r m ore 6 months 1 y e a r __ __ ________________________ ____ 2 y e a rs ___________________ _ _______________ 3 y e a rs _ ________ _____ ___________________ 5 y e a rs ------------------------------------------------------------ 100 13 85 96 97 100 100 8 87 95 100 100 98 99 75 99 99 99 100 t 80 85 99 100 97 96 3 w eeks o r m ore ____________ 3 y e a r s ___ __ _____ ____ 5 y ears 10 y e a rs ____ ____ _____ ________ ___ ____ __ 15 y e a rs __ _________ _ __ _____ __ 20 y e a rs „ __________ _________ _________ 25 y e a rs _______ _ _ ____ ________ ___ 74 25 44 64 74 74 74 77 5 37 64 76 77 77 60 17 26 48 56 57 60 51 5 36 62 63 64 12 31 51 51 51 4 w ee k s o r m o re 10 y e a rs _ _ ________ ____ __ ________ __ 15 y e a rs ______________ _________ _ _______ 20 y e a rs __ __ __ ________ _________ ___ 25 y e a rs _________ _ __ ____________ ____ 9 9 9 9 9 26 7 12 19 26 t 10 27 t t 4 5 10 T t 79 90 90 98 64 t - t t t t t 16 54 60 97 16 35 93 96 84 9 40 48 82 98 12 58 90 98 89 4 31 61 83 89 26 7 15 26 26 26 29 16 22 t t t t t 20 5 5 12 20 20 20 - 27 1 Includes p erc e n ta g e - o r fla t-s u m -ty p e payments converted to equivalent weeks* pay. See footnote 1, table B -2 0 . 2 E xclu des m otion-picture production and a llie d s e rv ic e s ; data fo r these in dustries a re included, h ow ever, in " a l l in d u s t r ie s ." t L e s s than 2. 5 percent. 4 8 27 27 29 t t t t t 9 11 16 - 3 8 18 22 22 t t t t t 8 5 5 5 8 69 Table B-27: .Health, insurance, and pension plans- all industries (P e rcent of office and plant w o rk e rs em ployed in a ll establish m en ts with fo rm a l p ro v isio n s other than le g a lly re q u ire d by type of plan Insurance plans A rea L ife A ccid en tal death and d is m e m berm ent H o sp ita li zation Surgical M e d ic a l Catastrophe in 17 la b o r m ark ets, Sickness and accident insurance and/or sick leave Sick leave Sick leave Sicknes s (fu ll pay and (p a rtia l pay T otal 1 and accident no waiting or waiting insurance p e rio d ) p e r io d ) 1956-57) R etirem ent pension plan No health, insurance, or pension plans O ffice workers N ortheast: B o s to n 2 _ _ B u ffalo . N ew Y o rk C it y 2 Ph ilad elp h ia 2 P ittsbu rgh 89 93 93 94 95 46 39 41 30 42 78 87 77 66 79 76 82 74 57 78 39 53 53 35 45 16 11 30 15 16 74 91 92 87 94 44 48 34 37 38 60 75 82 69 83 4 t 4 6 t 78 81 78 81 83 South: A t la n t a _________________________________________ B irm in gh am _ _ ___ D a lla s M em ph is 2 . _ ....... 98 93 92 91 55 29 47 50 84 61 78 85 82 61 75 85 45 32 55 44 37 6 19 10 71 68 68 62 43 40 33 37 44 40 39 28 14 5 13 13 85 63 69 61 t 4 4 N orth C en tral: Ch icago * ______________________________________ C le v e la n d 2 K an sas City __________________________________ M in n e a p o lis-S t. P a u l _______________________ 95 93 91 91 41 45 56 45 80 74 75 76 80 71 75 75 53 33 58 60 24 14 20 10 80 72 79 70 46 49 51 42 39 44 45 42 15 6 15 4 75 74 74 74 t 4 4 6 W est: L o s A n g e le s -L o n g B each 2 P o r t la n d _______________________________________ San F ra n c is c o -O a k la n d 2 Seattle 2 _____________________________________ 97 88 94 98 68 44 40 73 89 83 80 55 89 82 80 55 74 74 68 48 43 18 27 15 80 70 72 93 42 43 31 40 68 39 53 60 3 9 7 9 80 74 72 72 t 4 t t _ t t t t T PJant workers N ortheast: B oston 2 B u f f a l o ________________________________________ N ew Y o rk City 2 _________________ ______ _____ Ph ilad elp h ia 2 ________________________________ P ittsb u rgh ___________________________________ 84 91 92 93 99 52 38 42 43 43 74 89 87 80 93 70 88 85 75 93 33 52 58 46 32 3 4 6 5 8 91 80 85 88 95 77 68 64 76 89 13 10 27 13 7 10 9 12 9 4 56 75 74 59 82 3 3 t 4 t South: Atlanta __________ _____ _______________________ B ir m in g h a m _________________________________ D a lla s _________________________________________ M em ph is 2 ___________________________________ 94 89 86 72 56 23 49 41 82 76 79 66 81 72 77 64 33 22 46 32 17 t 13 5 72 80 58 60 57 69 45 48 16 10 9 11 13 6 11 11 59 61 54 42 3 7 6 20 N orth C en tral: Chicago ^ _____________________________________ C le v e la n d 2 __________________________________ K an sas C ity __________________________________ M in n e a p o lis-S t. P a u l ______________________ 92 95 84 88 47 52 50 48 88 76 72 78 87 79 72 76 59 40 53 53 10 5 13 4 89 85 77 88 75 79 65 70 5 5 15 16 15 t 14 13 65 67 59 58 t 4 9 4 W est: L o s A n g e le s -L o n g B each 2 _______ _______ P o r t la n d _________________________ __________— San F ra n c is c o -O a k la n d 2 __________________ S e a ttle 2 ______ _____________________ ______ 93 71 94 93 70 47 49 52 92 79 84 90 92 79 84 90 79 72 80 85 28 6 19 6 67 74 55 91 40 63 26 83 36 7 16 6 10 9 23 7 62 51 63 63 t 11 t 3 . 1 Unduplicated total of w o r k e r s receiv in g sick leave o r sickn ess and accident insurance shown sep arately . S ic k -le a v e plans a re lim ited to those m inim um num ber of days* pay that can be expected by each em ployee. In fo rm a l sick -leave allo w an ces determ ined on an individual b a s is are excluded. 2 Exceptions to the standard industry lim itations are shown in footnotes 4 and/or 6 to the table in appendix B. L e s s than 2. 5 percent. t which definitely establish at east t e 70 Table Health, insurance, and pension plans- manufacturing (P e rc e n t of office and plant w o r k e r s em ployed in m anufacturing establish m en ts with fo rm a l p ro v isio n s other than le g a lly re q u ire d by type of plan in 17 la b o r m ark ets, Insurance plans A rea L ife A ccid en tal death and d ism e m berm ent H o sp ita li zation S u rgical M e d ic a l C atastrophe Sickness and accident insurance and/or sick leave Sick leave Sick leave Sickness (fu ll pay and (p a rtia l pay T otal 1 and accident no waiting or w aiting insurance p e rio d ) p e rio d ) 1956-57) R etirem en t pension plan No health, in su ran ce, o r pension plan O ffic e w o rke rs N ortheast: Boston ________________________________________ B uffalo ... .. . __ . N ew Y o rk C i t y _______________________________ Ph ilad elp h ia P ittsb u rgh ___________________________________ 88 97 91 95 98 59 48 46 42 35 83 96 85 77 98 80 92 85 76 98 43 53 63 49 65 7 11 23 12 19 90 92 92 91 97 69 62 41 65 46 73 70 80 68 87 t 3 3 t 76 84 74 82 90 t t t 3 T South: Atlanta _ _ ........ . ...... B ir m in g h a m __________________________________ D a l l a s __________ _______ _______________________ M em p h is .. . . . . . 99 96 96 91 70 26 62 60 95 87 90 86 92 87 94 85 63 50 54 50 51 82 80 81 73 76 49 64 69 61 49 50 22 4 t 9 5 5 79 75 80 52 t t t 5 N orth C en tral: Ch icago _______________________________________ C lev elan d ____________________________________ K an sas City __________________________________ M in n e a p o lis-S t. P a u l ______________________ 99 96 92 95 49 49 57 54 85 84 90 85 85 86 89 82 61 45 71 58 14 14 13 10 88 85 84 82 67 66 74 71 44 55 52 36 8 3 9 t 79 78 76 70 t t 4 f West: L o s A n g e le s -L o n g B e a c h __________________ P o r t la n d ______________________________________ San F ra n c is c o -O a k la n d ____________________ Seattle ________________________________________ 99 84 90 96 90 54 57 88 98 84 88 26 98 82 88 26 83 74 81 24 61 7 32 4 86 72 64 95 60 53 26 16 73 45 53 85 t t t 82 65 72 83 t 10 t t - r - Plant porkers N ortheast: Boston . .................... B u ffalo ________________________________________ N ew Y o rk C i t y _______________________________ Ph ilad elp h ia __________________________________ P ittsb u rgh ___________________________________ 82 95 96 92 99 56 42 40 48 35 85 96 96 87 98 82 95 94 84 98 40 57 65 52 32 3 4 t 6 9 93 84 81 90 96 89 79 73 84 94 5 3 19 7 t 5 8 6 6 3 58 80 74 64 92 4 t t 5 t South: Atlanta ________________________________________ B ir m in g h a m __________________________________ D a lla s __ _____________________________________ M em ph is _____________________________________ 96 94 89 69 66 21 52 51 93 90 86 70 92 88 87 67 43 26 48 40 22 9 3 79 84 61 66 78 82 59 64 21 t t 4 t 5 3 5 58 71 56 45 t 4 5 23 N orth C en tral: C h ic a g o _______________________________________ C levelan d ____________________________________ K an sas City __________________________________ M in n e a p o lis-S t. P a u l ______________________ 96 98 83 89 54 55 54 48 91 83 83 89 91 87 81 86 63 45 62 62 7 4 6 5 94 89 81 90 86 88 74 85 T t 9 8 11 t 13 14 70 72 63 64 t t 10 3 W est: L o s A n g e le s -L o n g B e a c h -------------------------P o r t la n d _____________ _______________________ San F ra n c is c o -O a k la n d ____________________ Seattle -------------------- ------------------------------------ 96 83 95 90 83 58 67 31 100 88 95 93 100 88 95 93 85 81 89 90 36 22 f 70 75 42 89 49 74 28 89 39 t 11 5 3 8 64 44 60 69 - - 1 Unduplicated total of w o r k e r s re c e iv in g sick leave o r sickn ess and accident insurance shown se p arately . S ick -le a v e plans a re lim ited to those which m inim um num ber of days* pay that can be expected by each em ployee. In fo rm a l s ic k -le a v e allow an ces determ ined on an individual b a s is a r e excluded. "f L e s s than 2 .5 p ercen t. definitely e sta b lish at 12 " 5 least the 71 Table B-29: Health, insurance, and pension plans- public utilities* (P e rc e n t of office and iaat w o r k e r s em ployed in public utilities establish m en ts with fo rm a l p ro v isio n s other than le g a lly re q u ire d by type of plan in 17 la b o r m arket! Insurance plans A rea L ife A ccid en tal death and d is m e m berm en t H o sp ita li zation S u rgical M e d ic a l Catastrophe 1956-57) Sickness and accident insurance and/ o r sick leave R etirem ent Sick leave Sick leave pension Sickne ss (fu ll pay and (p a rtia l pay plan T otal 1 and accident no waiting o r waiting insurance p e rio d ) p e rio d ) No health, insurance, or pension plan O ffice yvorkers N ortheast: B o s to n 2 ______________________________________ B u f f a l o ________________________________________ N ew Y o rk C it y 2 _____________________________ P h iladelph ia P ittsb u rg h _________________________________ _ South: A t la n t a ___________________________ ____________ B ir m in g h a m _________________________________ D a lla s _________________________________________ Memphis 2 ________________________________ - 98 96 96 99 99 36 3 11 40 82 64 44 50 52 14 45 44 50 49 9 40 7 38 38 7 17 t 18 35 t 16 98 97 99 98 100 26 3 8 19 30 26 88 94 92 87 99 t t 6 9 - 94 88 94 95 94 100 100 99 100 34 12 44 34 50 62 43 59 50 62 42 59 23 38 35 37 11 15 10 7 89 86 76 85 48 10 15 47 30 45 29 27 39 37 40 42 90 90 87 59 t 96 95 97 96 22 13 3 65 19 44 36 69 32 44 36 69 32 22 3 48 26 26 23 39 92 94 95 95 30 16 3 53 24 33 44 25 84 50 45 58 6 88 91 84 77 t 4 3 r 99 85 95 98 24 7 13 35 40 58 42 42 40 58 42 42 39 58 42 39 18 29 15 96 96 92 93 18 28 39 33 78 52 56 21 14 20 32 53 98 80 82 79 t T 100 88 99 100 100 30 3 26 26 65 44 31 34 34 29 59 52 29 50 25 11 87 87 97 80 90 - t f N orth C en tral: Chicago 2 _______________ _______________ _ Cleveland2 _______________________________ Kansas City ______________________________ Minneapolis-St. P a u l ____________________ West: Los Angeles-Long Beach 2 ______________ P o rtla n d ____________ ____________________ San Francisco-Oakland 2 ________________ Seattle 2 ___________________________________ t t Plan! workers Northeast: Boston2 ________ _______ __ ______ B u ffa lo .... ................................................. New York C ity 2 ....................................... Philadelph ia_______________ _____ _________ Pittsburgh ................................................ 96 98 96 100 100 34 3 36 41 10 64 45 70 56 55 57 45 70 48 33 54 14 37 32 18 8 4 17 28 4 8 South: Atlanta ...................................................... B irm in gham ................... ......................... D allas ....................................................... Memphis 2........ ....... ................................ . 100 100 98 83 40 28 50 35 58 51 51 44 58 51 49 44 19 33 26 19 10 14 3 90 92 85 78 52 31 42 57 7 43 22 5 51 37 35 41 92 96 88 63 t 17 North Central: Chicago a .................................................. Cleveland2 ............................................... Kansas City ................................................... Minneapolis-St. Paul ............. .............. . 99 100 95 97 35 37 3 55 29 62 37 60 44 62 37 60 44 34 29 51 22 27 8 38 t 99 100 92 97 55 37 360 28 31 37 19 39 36 34 51 34 96 100 91 85 “ " 5 100 33 8 16 36 46 57 46 57 37 54 42 54 37 42 15 16 26 86 100 22 86 30 100 12 46 50 48 96 97 96 94 ■ “ " 6 64 16 34 30 West: Los Angeles-Long Beach 2 ...................... P o rtla n d .................................................... San Francisco-Oakland 2 ....................... Seattle 2 _______________________ __________ 74 95 95 37 54 - 44 44 1 Unduplicated total of workers receiving sick leave or sickness and accident insurance shown separately. Sick-leave plans are limited to those which definitely establish at minimum number of days' pay that can be expected by each employee. Informal sick-leave allowances determined on an individual basis are excluded. 2 1 or more utilities are municipally operated and, therefore, excluded from the scope of the studies. See footnote 4 to table in appendix B. 3 Not comparable with estimate in last previous study, t Less than 2. 5 percent. * Transportation (excluding railroads), communication, and other public utilities. least the 72 T a b le &-30i Health, insura nc e , and p ensio n p la n s - w h o le sa le tra d e (P e rc e n t of office and plant w o r k e r s em ployed in w h o lesale trade establish m en ts with fo rm a l p ro v isio n s other than le g a lly re q u ire d by type of plan in 17 la b o r m ark ets, Insurance plans A rea L ife A ccid en tal death and d is m e m berm en t H o sp ita li zation S u rgical M e d ic a l Cata strophe Sickness and accident insurance and/ o r sick leave Sick leave Sick leave Sickness (fu ll pay and (p a rtia l pay T otal 1 and accident no w aiting o r waiting insurance p e rio d ) p e rio d ) 1956-57) No health, in suran ce, or pension plan R etirem ent pension plan Office workers Northeast: Boston ________________________________________ N ew Y o rk City __ . . __ P h ila d e lp h ia _________________________________ P ittsbu rgh _ 82 88 84 89 40 45 36 52 84 69 74 70 81 65 61 68 38 44 44 34 15 17 15 23 63 88 85 93 40 41 34 61 55 82 75 79 t 3 “ 62 73 76 64 t t South: Atlanta 94 66 88 86 41 19 81 43 55 10 82 - 86 84 89 48 38 52 81 57 89 79 57 89 53 27 70 18 15 14 77 56 64 44 42 49 48 30 28 3 3 5 69 58 71 13 7 96 97 54 46 86 82 83 81 61 73 27 18 72 73 36 19 59 55 3 11 60 48 t t .... ...... __ N o rth C en tral: Ch icago _ C levelan d _______ ____ M in n e a p o lis-S t. P a u l _. ........ . _ _ West: L o s A n g e le s -L o n g B e a c h __________________ San F ra n c is c o -O a k la n d _____ 3 6 3 t Plant w o rk e rs Northeast: Boston ________________________________________ N ew Y o rk C i t y ............................................... P h ila d e lp h ia _________________________________ P ittsbu rgh ____________ _______ _______________ 84 95 85 86 36 61 35 48 74 78 76 72 76 76 68 69 38 48 36 37 5 8 3 19 67 90 82 82 44 56 58 64 40 65 23 25 14 9 7 6 57 76 44 63 7 13 South: Atlanta ________________________________________ 94 59 85 83 30 10 69 45 22 9 56 t N orth C en tral: Chicago _ _ ____ __________ C levelan d ____________________________________ M in n eap o lis-S t. P a u l ______________________ 88 86 97 51 30 69 79 66 99 78 66 99 53 25 70 7 27 5 74 73 87 57 42 77 19 39 23 6 6 4 56 57 63 6 9 ■ West: L o s A n g e le s -L o n g B each _________________ San F ra n c is c o -O a k la n d ____________________ 89 100 46 64 88 83 88 81 74 78 9 16 67 77 40 3 34 18 16 57 52 72 r 1 Unduplicated total of w o r k e r s re c e iv in g sick leav e o r sickn ess and accident insurance shown se p arately . S ic k -le a v e plans a re lim ited to those which m inim um num ber of days* pay that can be expected by each em ployee. In fo rm al sic k -le a v e allo w an ces determ ined on an individual b a s is a r e excluded. | L e s s than 2 .5 percen t. definitely esta b lish 5 - at least the 73 Table B-31: Health, insurance, and pensio n p la ns - re ta il tra d e (P e rc e n t of office and plant w o r k e r s em ployed in re ta il trade establish m en ts with fo rm a l p rovision s other than le g a lly re q u ire d by type of plan in 17 la b o r m ark ets, Insurance plans A rea L ife A ccid en tal death and d ism e m berm ent H o sp ita li zation Surgical M e d ic a l Catastrophe Sickness and accident insurance and/or sick leave Sick leave Sick leave Sickness (fu ll pay and (p a rtia l pay T otal 1 and accident no waiting o r waiting insurance p e rio d ) p e rio d ) 1956-57) R etirem ent pension plan No health, insurance, or pension plan Office iworkers Northeast: Boston N ew Y o rk C it y 2 P h ila d e lp h ia 2 _ P ittsb u rg h _ _ 86 79 95 98 44 32 18 72 53 88 77 82 50 86 76 80 23 56 26 15 3 19 31 12 83 88 88 99 65 42 37 69 33 41 29 33 23 22 36 14 52 54 70 37 South: Atlanta ________________________________________ D a lla s _________________________________________ 93 89 34 65 88 78 85 73 3 59 37 43 72 64 8 20 12 16 54 40 82 58 4 North C en tral: Ch icago _______________________________________ M in n e a p o lis-S t. P a u l .... _ _ _ _ 91 64 36 30 95 48 90 48 22 30 42 15 94 74 33 30 7 35 60 14 72 42 20 W est: P o rtla n d __ ___ San F ra n c is c o -O a k la n d __ . _ . Seattle ________________________________________ 59 79 97 50 39 66 74 82 96 74 87 96 47 84 63 9 12 35 59 48 97 41 28 65 17 19 7 9 16 31 49 30 64 73 64 60 77 23 29 21 26 11 6 14 4 54 60 58 31 t t __ . _ _ ....... . ___ t t f 7 7 Plant workers Northeast: Boston ........... .. N ew Y o rk City 2 _____________________________ P h iladelph ia 2 ..................... .............. ........... Pittsbu rgh _________________________________ 88 84 94 93 48 37 36 71 55 94 71 82 52 94 70 81 23 62 31 28 t 39 4 6 3 85 South: A t la n t a ............. ............ .................................. D a lla s 90 79 49 52 79 71 77 66 5 45 17 25 59 43 18 21 11 12 32 20 60 44 5 9 N orth C en tral: Ch icago _______________________________________ M in n eap o lis-S t. P a u l ______________________ 78 77 29 48 90 60 84 60 45 44 17 4 76 80 46 50 24 t 34 6 50 41 3 11 West: P o r t la n d ___________________ __________ ________ San F ra n c is c o -O a k la n d ____________________ Seattle _______________ ________________________ 44 86 100 39 29 91 70 94 98 70 94 98 53 93 89 14 13 21 52 50 94 42 31 85 10 17 8 10 15 9 42 40 53 12 82 93 1 Unduplicated total of w o r k e r s receivin g sick leave o r sickness and accident insurance shown sep arately . S ic k -le a v e plans are lim ited to those which m inim um num ber of days* pay that can be expected by each em ployee. In fo rm al s ic k -le a v e allow an ces determ ined on an individual b a s is a re excluded. 2 E xcludes lim ite d -p ric e v ariety sto res, t L e s s than 2. 5 percent. definitely establish at - 7 t least the 74 Tn k U B - 3 2 ' H e a lth , insura nc e , and pension pla ns - fina nc e ** (P e rcent of office w o rk e rs em ployed in finance establish m en ts with fo rm a l provision s other than le g a lly re q u ire d by type of plan in 17 la b o r m ark ets, 1956-57) Insurance plans A rea L ife A cciden tal death and d ism e m berm ent H o sp ita li zation S u rg ic a l M edical Catastrophe Sickness and accident insurance and/or sick leave Sick leave Sick leave Sickness (fu ll pay and (p a rtia l pay and accident T o t a l1 no waiting o r w aiting insurance p eriod) period) R etirem e nt pension plan N o health, in suran ce, or pension plan Office workers N o rth e a st: B o s t o n _______________________________________ N e w Y o rk C i t y ______________________________ P h ilad elp h ia __ ______________________________ P it t s b u r g h ___________________________________ 96 98 96 92 45 38 25 41 90 85 62 49 90 79 38 46 46 55 24 12 33 42 22 8 55 91 79 91 24 29 3 6 53 86 78 91 South: A tlanta _______________________________________ D a lla s ________________________________________ 100 83 55 36 88 84 85 77 55 67 54 22 58 57 33 15 53 41 N orth C e n tra l: C h icago ______________________________________ C le v e la n d ____________________________________ M in n eap olis-S t. P a u l ------------------------------- 98 94 97 38 59 45 83 80 87 86 48 85 70 15 82 41 10 12 62 22 50 28 6 15 48 20 47 t - 95 100 46 37 92 86 92 86 77 63 29 34 69 80 23 41 63 59 W e s t: L o s A n g e le s -L o n g B e a c h -----------------------San F r anc is c o - O a k la n d ------------------------ — 89 87 87 90 t 3 91 59 9 - 75 83 96 t t 3 t 3 89 88 - 3 _ 4 1 Unduplicated total of w o rk e rs rec e iv in g sick leave or sickn ess and accident insurance shown se p arately . S ic k -le a v e plans are lim ited to those which definitely m inim um n um ber of d a y s1 pay that can be expected by each em ployee. In form al sick -leave allow an ces determ ined on an individual b a sis a r e excluded, t L e s s than 2. 5 percent. * * Fin an ce, in su ran ce, and r e a l estate. T a b le B - 3 3 : Insurance plans L ife A cciden tal death and d ism e m berm ent at le a st t e H e a lth , insurance* and pensio n p la n s - services (P e rc e n t of office and plant w o rk e rs em ployed in s e rv ic e s establishm ents with fo rm a l provision s other than le g a lly re q u ire d by type of plan in 17 la b o r m ark ets, A rea e sta b lish - H o sp ita li zation S u rg ic a l M edical C atastrophe Sickness and accident insurance and/or sick leave Sick leave Sick leav e Sickness (fu ll pay and (p a rtia l pay T o t a l1 and accident or waiting no waiting insurance period) period) 1956-57) R etirem ent pension plan N o health, insu ran ce, or pension plan t Office workers N orth east: Boston „ _____________________ „ __ ___ N e w Y o rk C ity _______________________ _ P h ilad elp h ia _____ - _________ __________ 60 88 72 13 44 19 46 63 69 40 63 56 36 47 51 75 98 68 24 33 20 45 85 62 10 14 - - 56 58 32 N o rth C en tral: C h icago __________ _ 74 24 68 67 42 5 49 23 28 4 42 6 _ _______ 93 57 83 83 75 26 49 14 39 ■ 56 4 12 22 21 4 4 t 8 75 4 t _ __ __ W est: L o s A n g e le s -L o n g B each 2. __ __ __ t - 7 Plant workers N orth east: B o s t o n ____ _____ __ _________ ____ ____ N e w Y o rk C ity ________ _________________ . P h ilad elp h ia ___ _____ ______________ 82 89 94 68 54 71 80 82 75 51 82 53 28 63 66 t - 84 81 64 69 71 55 N o rth C e n tra l: C h i c a g o __ ______ 84 30 85 83 73 t 78 74 11 t 25 9 7 13 7 34 13 _ _____________________ W est: L o s A n g e le s -L o n g B e a c h 2 __ 83 53 80 80 71 - 4 19 1 Unduplicated total of w o rk e rs re c eiv in g sick le a v e or sickness and accident insurance shown sep arately . S ick -leave plans are lim ited m inim um num ber of d a y s ’ pay that can be expected by each em ployee. In fo rm al sic k -le a v e allow an ces determ ined on an individual b a sis a re excluded. 2 E xcludes m otion-picture production and a llie d se rv ic e s ; data fo r these indu stries are included, h ow ever, in " a l l in d u s trie s ." t L e s s than 2. 5 percent. to those which definitely t 8 esta b lish at le a st the 75 Appendix A: Occupational Earnings - Milwaukee and St. Louis (A v e ra g e hourly earnings fo r selected plant occupations studied in m anufacturing and public utilities in M ilw aukee and St. L o u is 2) M ilw aukee St. L o u is M ilw aukee Occupation 3 M anufacturing M anufacturing P u b lic utilitie s * M aintenance and powerplant C a rp e n te rs . ... E le c tric ia n s _________________________________________ E n g in e e rs, s t a t io n a r y _____________________________ F ire m e n , stationary b o ile r . . __ __ H e lp e rs , tra d e s M a c h in e -to o l o p e ra to rs , toolroom _____________ M ach in ists _ _ .. . _ M ech an ics _ __ _ _ ... _ .... M ech an ics, autom otive ........ .... M illw rig h ts O ile r s _ _ ___ ___ __ P a in te rs P i p e f i t t e r s ___________________________________________ S h eet-m etal w o rk e rs ______________________________ T ool and die m a k e rs . _ . .. St. L o u is Occupation 3 M anufacturing M anufacturing P u b lic u tilitie s * $ 1.78 1.58 1.99 1.99 1.97 1.66 2. 12 1.96 $ 1.67 1.41 1.81 1.80 1.82 1.41 2. 34 2.23 $ 1.67 1.47 1.99 - Custodial, warehousing, and shipping $ 2 .4 8 2.61 2. 51 2. 13 1.95 2.54 2.75 2.43 2. 50 2.46 2 .20 2.43 2. 57 2.61 2.82 $ 2 .5 4 2.63 2.65 2. 33 2. 17 2.55 2 .7 0 2.43 2.4 5 2 .6 0 2.22 2.52 2.63 2.60 2.83 _ $2 .5 1 2. 31 _ - Janitors, p o rte rs , and c le a n e rs ( m e n ) _____ J an itors, p o rte rs , and cle a n e rs (w o m e n )___ L a b o r e r s , m a te ria l handling ___________________ O rd e r fille r s ______________________________________ P a r k e r s , s hip pin g (m e n ) P a c k e r s , shipping (w om en ) ___________________ T r u c k d r iv e r s 4 Light (under 1 y? tons) M edium to and in c lu d in g 4 tons) H eavy (o v e r 4 tons, t r a ile r type) T ru c k e rs , p ow er (fo rk lift) ____________________ T ru c k e rs , p ow er (other than fo rk lift) . ... . . _ _ - 2.25 2.09 2. 38 2. 18 2.34 2. 08 2. 36 1.99 2.29 2. 03 1.93 1 E xclu d es prem iu m pay fo r overtim e and fo r w o rk on w eekends, holid ays, and late shifts. Data relate to A p r il 1957 (M ilw au k ee) and F e b ru a ry 1957 (St. L o u is ). Inform ation, ba se d on telephone in qu iries by B u reau re p re se n ta tiv e s, w a s lim ited to straigh t-tim e h ourly earn in gs in selected plant w o rk e r occupations in the m anufacturing and public utilities establish m en ts included in the fu ll-s c a le su rv ey s conducted in the w in ter of 1955-56 in these a r e a s . 3 Data lim ited to m en w o r k e r s except w h ere otherw ise indicated. 4 Includes a ll d r iv e r s , r e g a r d le s s of size and type of truck operated. * T ran sp ortation (excluding r a ilr o a d s ), com m unication, and other public u tilities. NOTE: D a sh es indicate no data o r insufficient data to w a rra n t presentation. 76 Appendix B : Scope and Method of Survey 19 Industry and Establishment Limitations Occupational Earnings The area survey data are obtained by personal visits of Bureau field agents 20 to representative establishments within six broad indus try divisions: ( l ) Manufacturing; (2) transportation (excluding r a il roads), communication, and other public utilities; (3) wholesale trade; (4) retail trade; (5) finance, insurance, and real estate; and (6) s e lected services. Excluded from the scope of the studies, besides railroads, are government institutions 21 and the construction and extractive industries. W orkers are classified by occupation on the basis of uniform job descriptions designed to take account of minor inter establishment variation in duties within the same job; these job descriptions are listed in appendix B. The scope of the studies is further lim ited within each of the six m ajor industry groupings to establishments which employ m ore than a specified minimum number of w orkers, as indicated in the following table. Sm aller establishments are omitted because they furnish insufficient employment in the occupations studied to warrant inclusion. M ore than 4, 100 establishments w ere included in the Bureau!s sample out of m ore than 21, 000 establishments within the scope of the studies in the 17 areas. To obtain appropriate accuracy at minimum cost, a greater proportion of large than of sm all establishments was studied. In combining the data, however, all establishments were given their appropriate weight. Estimates are presented, therefore, as relating to a ll establishments in the industry grouping and area, but not to those below the minimum size studied; an exception, however, is the tabulation of minimum entrance rates, which relates solely to provisions in the establishments actually visited. 19 A m ore technical description of the methodology of community and other types of earnings studies is included in Studies of Occu pational Wages and Supplementary Benefits, Monthly Labor Review, March 1954 (p. 292). 20 Exceptions w ere made in a few areas. In a partial resurvey of Memphis, the data w ere obtained chiefly by m ail questionnaire; and in Minneapolis-St. Paul, chiefly by telephone inquiries of Bureau representatives. F u ll-scale occupational employment and earnings information (A -tab les) was obtained in each of the industry divisions, from the same establishments that was included in the regular fu llscale surveys made in the winter of 1955-56 in these 2 areas. How ever, no data w ere requested for current establishment practices or supplementary wage provisions (B-tables). The Memphis and Minne apolis-St. Paul data presented in the B-tables relate, therefore, to the last previous surveys (winter 1955-56). In addition to the data fo r the 17 areas, earnings estimates are also presented (in appendix A ) fo r St. Louis (manufacturing and public u tilities) and Milwaukee (manu facturing). Data w ere compiled chiefly on the basis of general wage changes in the establishments included in the regular fu ll-sca le surveys of 1955-56. Information was obtained chiefly by telephone. 21 See footnote 4 to the table, p* 78, fo r areas in which public utilities are municipally operated and have been excluded. A verage earnings are presented in the A -tables, beginning on page 19. Data are shown fo r fu ll-tim e workers; i. e ., those hired to work a fu ll-tim e schedule fo r the given occupational classification. Earnings data exclude premium pay fo r overtim e and nightwork, and fo r work on weekends and holidays. Nonproduction bonuses are ex cluded also, but co st-of-livin g bonuses and incentive earnings are included. A verage weekly earnings for office clerica l, professional, and technical occupations relate to the standard salaries that are paid for standard work schedules; i. e. , to the straight-tim e salary c o rr e sponding to the w ork ers1 normal weekly work schedule excluding all overtim e hours. W eekly earnings have been rounded to the nearest half dollar. Establishment Practices and Supplementary Wage Provisions Information is presented (in the B -series tables) on selected establishment practices and supplementary benefits as they relate to office and plant w orkers. The term "office w orkers, " as used in these studies, includes all office c le rica l employees and excludes admin istra tive, executive, professional, and technical personnel. "Plant w ork ers" include working forem en and all nonsupervisory workers (including leadmen and trainees) engaged in nonoffice functions. Adm in istra tive, executive, professional, and technical em ployees, and fo rce account construction employees who are utilized as a separate work force are excluded. Cafeteria workers and routemen are excluded in manufacturing industries but are included as plant workers in non manufacturing industries. Minimum Entrance Rates. — Tables B-2 and B-3 relate only to the establishments visited. They are presented on an establishment rather than on an employment basis. The detailed tables in the indi vidual area bulletins also present data for nonmanufacturing industries as a group; the entrance rates are also presented in terms of the most common workweeks fo r which they w ere recorded. Shift-D ifferential Data. — Tables B - l l and B-12 are lim ited to manufacturing industries. This information is presented both in terms of (a) establishment p o lic y ,22 and (b) effective practices for workers actually employed on extra shifts at the time of the survey. Tabulations 22 An establishment was considered as having a policy if it met either of the following conditions: ( l ) Operated late shifts at the time of the survey, or (2) had form al provisions covering late shifts. 77 relating to establishment policy are presented in terms of total plant worker employment; estimates in the second tabulation relate only to those workers actually employed on the specified shift. Labor-management agreements; scheduled hours; paid holidays; paid vacations; and health, insurance, and pension plans are treated statistically on the basis that these are applicable to all plant or office workers 23 if a m ajority of such workers are eligible or may eventually qualify for the practices listed. Because of rounding, sums of items in these tabulations do not necessarily equal totals. The summary of vacation plans is lim ited to form al arran ge ments, excluding inform al plans whereby time off with pay is granted at the discretion of the em ployer. In the tabulations of vacation allowances by weeks of pay and years of service, payments not on a time basis w ere converted; for example, a payment of 2 percent of annual earnings was considered as the equivalent of 1 weekls pay. The pay amounts and service periods for which data are presented are typical but do not necessarily re flect the individual provisions fo r progressions. F or example, the changes in proportions indicated at 10 y e a rs1 service include changes in provisions occurring between 5 and 10 years. Furtherm ore, estimates are cumulative. Thus, the proportion receiving 3 or m ore w eeks1 pay after 5 years includes those who receive 3 or m ore w eeks1 pay after few er years of service. Data for intermediate service periods w ere not tabulated. Data on employer practice in computing vacation payments, such as time pay ments, percent of annual earnings, or flat-sum amounts, are available in the individual area bulletins. These bulletins also present, for selected industry divisions, the predominant pay amount corresponding to each selected service period. social security (tables B-2 7 to B-33). Such plans include those under written by a com m ercial insurance company and those provided through a union fund or paid directly by the em ployer out of current operating funds or from a fund set aside fo r this purpose. Death benefits are included as a form of life insurance. Sickness and accident insurance is lim ited to that type of insurance under which predetermined cash payments are made directly to the insured on a weekly or monthly basis during illness or accident disability. Information is presented for a ll such plans to which the em ployer contributes. However, in New York and New Jersey, which have enacted tem porary disability insurance laws which require em ployer contributions,24 plans are included only if the em ployer ( l ) con tributes m ore than is legally required, or (2) provides the employee with benefits which exceed the requirements of the law. Tabulations of paid sick-leave plans are lim ited to form al plans which provide full pay or a proportion of the w o rk er^ pay during absence from work because of illness. Separate tabulations are provided according to ( l ) plans which provide full pay and no waiting period, and (2) plans providing either partial pay or a waiting period. Sick-leave plans include only those which definitely establish at least the minimum number of daysT pay that can be expected by each employee. Inform al sick-leave allowances determined on an individual basis are excluded. In addition to the presentation of the proportions of workers who are provided sickness and accident insurance or paid sick leave, an un duplicated total is shown of workers who receive either or both types of benefit. Catastrophe insurance, sometimes re ferred to as extended m edical insurance, includes those plans which are designed to protect employees in case of sickness and injury involving expenses beyond the normal coverage of hospitalization, m edical, and surgical plans. Medical insurance refers to plans providing for complete or partial Data are presented fo r all health, insurance, and pension plans payment of doctors1 fees. Such plans may be underwritten by com for which at least a part of the cost is borne by the em ployer, exm ercia l insurance companies or nonprofit organizations or they may cepting only legal requirements such as workm en^ compensation and be self-insured. Tabulations of retirem ent plans are lim ited to those plans that provide monthly payments for the remainder of the 23 Scheduled weekly hours for office workers (first section w ofork er’ s life. tables B-4 to B-10) are presented in terms of the proportion of women office workers employed in offices with the indicated weekly hours for 24 The tem porary disability laws in California and Rhode Island women w orkers. do not require em ployer contributions. 78 M in im u m -siz e establishm ent and estim ated n u m ber of w o rk e rs in establishm ents within scope of su rv e y by in dustry division fo r 17 la b o r m arkets studied by the B u reau of L a b o r Statistics, w in ter 1956-67 __ __________________________ (in^thousandsl M in im u m N u m b er of w o rk e rs in establishm ents within scope of studies 2 P a y r o ll size e sta b lish p erio d A ll industrie s M anufacturin Nonm an ufacturing^ O ffice ment Total Plant Total O ffice Plan t Total O ffice P lan t Labor m a rk et1 N o rth east: B o s t o n _________________________ P h ilad elp h ia __________________ P it t s b u r g h _____________________ South: Atlanta ___ ___________________ D a lla s _________________________ N o rth C e n tra l: C h icago _______________________ C le v e la n d _____________________ W est: L o s A n g e le s -L o n g B e a c h ___ P o rtlan d San F r a n c is c o -O a k la n d _____ Seattle Septem ber Septem ber A p r il 1957 N ovem ber D ecem ber 1956 1956 51 1956 1956 Pi (5> Total 411. 262. 1, 394. 547. 419. 4 2 2 9 3 87. 32. 415. 91. 60. 8 1 8 3 4 250. 186. 631. 357. 301. 2 9 8 3 6 212. 188. 434. 322. 301. 3 3 0 4 1 27. 18. 85. 36. 32. 7 5 5 1 3 151. 140. 262. 233. 234. 3 6 1 1 6 199. 73. 960. 225. 118. 1 9 2 5 2 60. 13. 330. 55. 28. 1 6 3 2 1 98.9 46. 3 369. 7 124. 2 67. 0 3 2. 18. 195. 52. 30. 6 9 8 9 9 P u b lic utilitie s 4 O ff ic e P lan t 6. 2. 41. 9. 5. 6 6 7 0 8 20. 11. 85. 33. 18. 2 3 6 5 9 4.9 1. 6 5. 3 1.0 11. 4. 10. 4. 3 2 7 6 A p r il 1957 January 1957 O ctober 1956 F e b r u a r y 1957 51 51 51 51 164. 101. 160. 80. 6 5 2 3 34. 14. 33. 11. 4 5 1 1 102. 71. 95. 56. 0 7 5 8 75. 68. 71. 39. 5 1 7 7 7. 6. 7. 3. 9 7 8 1 56. 53. 48. 31. 3 1 9 7 89. 33. 88. 40. 1 4 5 6 26. 7. 25. 8. 5 8 3 0 45. 18. 46. 25. 7 6 6 1 21. 8. 20. 7. 7 0 4 1 A p r il 1957 O ctober 1956 D e c e m b e r 1956 M a rc h 1957 (5) ( 5) 51 51 1, 130. 8 361.9 176. 8 227. 3 235. 54. 33. 46. 8 0 4 6 708. 239. 112. 140. 4 7 6 9 657. 0 258. 5 85. 8 113.2 96. 32. 9. 16. 3 9 0 2 472. 187. 64. 77. 9 7 7 2 473. 103. 91. 114. 8 4 0 1 139. 21. 24. 30. 5 1 4 4 235. 52. 47. 63. 5 0 9 7 90. 30. 23. 25. 6 8 8 8 24. 4. 5. 4. 1 7 2 5 46. 12. 12. 16. 6 1 4 4 M a rc h 1957 A p r il 1957 January 1957 A ugust 1956 ( 5) 51 ( 5) 51 973. 5 99.4 326. 3 141.8 204. 17. 82. 29. 8 3 1 0 592. 65. 183. 87. 2 4 6 5 604. 47. 132. 75. 9 7 8 2 101. 5 3.9 22. 4 12. 3 396. 36. 91. 50. 8 9 3 2 368. 51. 193. 66. 6 7 5 6 103. 12. 59. 16. 3 4 7 7 195. 28. 92. 37. 4 5 3 3 80. 15. 57. 15. 5 0 4 5 16. 2. 9. 2. 9 9 0 6 48. 8. 32. 7. 5 2 2 4 Plan t Total R etail trade 6 O ffice 9. 3 T 33. 9 12. 4 6. 5 65. 30. 190. 74. 38. 5 5 6 4 1 27. 6 9. 6 3. 3 137. 3 57. 0 31. 3 27. 12. 29. 13. 1 0 0 9 3. 7 t 3. 4 t 20. 1 Total N o rth east: B o s t o n ___________________________ B u ffalo ___ ____________________ N ew Y o rk C ity ________________ P h ilad elp h ia P it t s b u r g h ______________________ South: Atlanta __________ _____________ B irm in g h a m ____ _____ ___ ____ D a lla s ________ _________ ______ M em phis __ _ N o rth C e n tra l: C h icago C le v e la n d ____ __ __ _____ __ K ansas C ity M inneapolis-St. P a u l ______ W «ef. w est. L o s A n g e le s -L o n g B each ____ P o rtla n d ________________________ San F ra n c is co-O akland _______ S e a t t le ___________ ____________ — _ . . 25. 3 7. 5 133. 1 . _ 28. 5 16 . 6 t 5. 8 t t f 7. 7 25. 1 18. 6 40. 8 4. 9 17. 1 5.9 136. 3 8. 5 t 6. 8 60. 0 18. 7 25. 9 16. 2 __________ 7.9 53.9 7. 9 5. 1 9 8 3 7 16. 4. 11. 8. 85. 3 W h o le sa le trade O ffice t 8. 8 31. 7 9. 1 t t i' i t 9. 7 13. 5 t t 24. 2 25. 2 31. 5 42. 1 84. 17. 43. 24. 2 1 5 6 7. 8 t 97. 4 t t 5. 5 Finance 7 Total O ff ic e Total 45. 7. 247. 42. 16. 7 8 0 6 8 30. 9. 193. 27. 15. 22. 6 f 14. 5. 16. 4. 1 0 9 0 t f 32. 0 81. 1 14. 9 10. 6 18.4 51. 1 8. 0 63. 6. 39. 10. 45. 7 P lan t 51. 8 t t t t 2. 0 6. 0 3. 1 13. 2 32. 6 18. 7 5 8 1 3 32. 2 t 163. 4 24. 8 10. 1 9. 8 t 11.4 t t 13. 3 t 30. 8 t 0 2 7 1 8 9. 3 3. 6 10. 9 6.9 S e rv ic e s 8 O ffice 5. 6 Plant 15. 3 t t 43. 7 3. 9 91. 2 18. 3 t t t t t t t t t t 80. 5 13.9 8. 9 10. 7 15. 0 T t t t t t 9 58.4 4. 0 21. 8 7. 1 11.0 32. 0 t t t t t t 42. 1 1 Standard m etropolitan a r e a s , with the follo w in g exceptions: N ew Y o rk C ity A r e a (B ro n x , N ew Y o rk , K ings, Q ueens, and Richm ond Counties); P h ilad elp h ia A r e a (P h ilad elp h ia and D e la w a re C ounties, P a . ; and C am den County, N. J . ); C h icago A r e a (C ook County). 2 Totals include executive, technical, p ro fe ssio n a l, and other w o rk e rs excluded fro m the sep arate office and plant c a te g o rie s. 3 Includes data fo r 5 b ro a d nonm anufacturing industry groups shown sep arately . 4 T ran sp o rtatio n (excluding r a i lr o a d s ), com m unication, and other public u tilities. T a xicabs and se rv ic e s incidental to w ater transportation a re a lso excluded, as a re m unicipally operated establish m en ts. A ll o r m a jo r lo c a l tran sit operations in Boston, C h icago, C le v e la n d , N ew York C ity, San F ra n c is c o , and Seattle w e re m unicipally operated, as w e re ele c tric utility operations in L o s A n g e le s and Seattle, and ele c tric and gas operations in M em phis. 5 M in im u m -size establish m en t (in term s of em ploym ent) w as 51 w o rk e rs in the w h olesale trade, finance, and s e rv ic e s industry groups; and 101 in the m anufacturing, public u tilities, and re ta il trad e. 6 E stim ates fo r N e w Y o rk C ity and P h ilad elp h ia exclude lim ite d -p ric e va rie ty sto re s ; those fo r C le v e la n d and L o s A n g e le s -L o n g B each, departm ent s to re s. In each instance, h ow ever, the re m a in d e r of re ta il trade is ap p ro p ria te ly re p re se n te d in the A - and B -tab le estim ates fo r a ll industries com bined, and w h ere presen ted, nonm anufacturing. 7 Fin an ce, in su ran ce, and r e a l estate. D ata fo r nonoffice (plant) w o rk e rs in finance and insurance establishm ents a re excluded fro m the total, as w e ll as fro m the B -table estim ates for a ll in du stries com bined, and nonm anufacturing. D ata fo r plant w o rk e rs in re a l estate, not presented se p arately , h o w ev er, a re included. 8 H otels; p erso n a l s e rv ic e s ; b u sin ess s e rv ic e s ; autom obile r e p a ir shops; rad io broad castin g and television ; motion p ictu res; nonprofit m em bersh ip o rgan ization s; and engineering and arch ite c tu ra l s e r v ic e s . 9 E xclu des data fo r m otion-picture production and a llie d s e r v ic e s ; data fo r these industries a re included, h ow ever, in " a l l in d u strie s" and "n o n m an u factu rin g." f This industry division is re p resen ted in estim ates for " a l l in d u strie s" and "nonm anufacturing" although c o v e ra g e was insufficient to ju stify sep arate presentation of data. NOTE: The "w o r k e r s within scope of study" estim ates shown in this table provide a re a so n a b ly accurate of the la b o r fo rc e included in the su rv e y s. The estim ates a re not intended, h o w ev er, to s e rv e as em ploym ent indexes to m easu re em ploym ent trends o r le v e ls since (1) planning of w age su rv ey s com piled co n sid e ra b ly in advance of the pay p erio d studied, and (2) s m a ll establishm ents a r e descrip tion of the siz e and com position a b a sis of com p arison with other a re a re q u ire s the use of establish m en t data excluded fro m the scope of the study. 79 Appendix C: Occupational Descriptions The prim ary purpose of preparing job descriptions for the Bureau*s wage surveys is to assist its field staff in classifying into appropriate occupations w orkers who are employed under a variety of payroll titles and different work arrangements from establishment to establishment and from area to area. This is essential in order to perm it the grouping of occupational wage ^•ates representing comparable job content. Because of this emphasis on inter establishment and interarea comparability of occupational content, the Bureau*s job descriptions may d iffer sign ifi cantly^ from those in use in individual establishments or those prepared for other purposes. In applying these job descriptions, the Bureau*s field representatives are instructed to exclude work ing supervisors, apprentices, learners, beginners, trainees, handicapped workers, part-tim e, tem porary, and probationary w orkers. Office B ILLE R , MACHINE Prepares statements, bills, and invoices on a machine other than an ordinary or electrom atic typew riter. May also keep records as to billings or shipping charges or perform other clerica l work in cidental to billing operations. F o r wage study purposes, b illers, machine, are classified by type of machine, as follows: B ille r, machine (billing machine) - Uses a special billing machine (Moon Hopkins, Elliott Fisher, Burroughs, e t c ., which are combination typing and adding machines) to prepare bills and invoices from customers* purchase orders, internally prepared orders, shipping memoranda, etc. Usually involves application of predeterm ined discounts and shipping charges and entry of necessary extensions, which may or may not be computed on the billing machine, and totals which are automatically accumulated by machine. The operation usually involves a large number of carbon copies of the bill being prepared and is often done on a fanfold machine. B ille r, machine (bookkeeping machine) - Uses a bookkeeping machine (Sundstrand, Elliott Fisher, Remington Rand, e t c ., which may or may not have typewriter keyboard) to prepare customers* bills as part of the accounts receivable operation. Generally involves the simultaneous entry of figures on customers* ledger record. The machine automatically accumulates figures on a number of vertical columns and computes and usually prints auto m atically the debit or credit balances. Does not involve a knowl edge of bookkeeping. Works from uniform and standard types of sales and credit slips. BOOKKEEPING-MACHINE OPERATOR Operates a bookkeeping machine (Remington Rand, Elliott Fisher, Sundstrand, Burroughs, National Cash R egister, with or with out a typewriter keyboard) to keep a record of business transactions. BOOKKEEPING-MACHINE OPERATO R - Continued Class A - Keeps a set of records requiring a knowledge of and experience in basic bookkeeping principles and fam iliarity with the structure of the particular accounting system used. D eter mines proper records and distribution of debit and credit items to be used in each phase of the work. May prepare consolidated reports, balance sheets, and other records by hand. Class B - Keeps a record of one or more phases or sections of a set of records usually requiring little knowledge of basic book keeping. Phases or sections include accounts payable, payroll, customers* accounts (not including a simple type of billing described under b iller, machine), cost distribution, expense distribution, in ventory control, etc. May check or assist in preparation of tria l balances and prepare control sheets for the accounting department. CLE RK, ACCOUNTING Class A - Under general direction of a bookkeeper or account ant, has responsibility for keeping one or more sections of a com plete set of books or records relating to one phase of an establish m en ts business transactions. Work involves posting and balancing subsidiary ledger or ledgers such as accounts receivable or ac counts payable; examining and coding invoices or vouchers with proper accounting distribution; requires judgment and experience in making proper assignations and allocations. May assist in preparing, adjusting, and closing journal entries; may direct class B accounting clerks. Class B - Under supervision, perform s one or more routine accounting operations such as posting simple journal vouchers, accounts payable vouchers; entering vouchers in voucher registers; reconciling bank accounts; posting subsidiary ledgers controlled by general ledgers. This job does not require a knowledge of accounting and bookkeeping principles but is found in offices in which the more routine accounting work is subdivided on a func tional basis among several workers. 80 CLERK, F IL E Class A - Responsible for maintaining an established filing system. C lassifies and indexes correspondence or other m aterial; may also file this m aterial. May keep records of various types in conjunction with files or supervise others in filin g and locating m aterial in the files . May perform incidental clerica l duties. Class B - P erfo rm s routine filing, usually of m aterial that has already been classified, or locates or assists in locating ma teria l in the files . May perform incidental clerica l duties. CLE RK, ORDER R eceives customers* orders for m aterial or merchandise by m ail, phone, or personally. Duties involve any combination of the follow ing; Quoting prices to customers; making out an order sheet listing the items to make up the order; checking prices and quantities of items on order sheet; distributing order sheets to respective de partments to be filled . May check with credit department to deter mine credit rating of customer, acknowledge receipt of orders from customers, follow up orders to see that they have been filled , keep file of orders received, and check shipping invoices with original orders. C LE RK, KEY-PU N C H OPERATOR Under general supervision and with no supervisory responsi b ilities, records accounting and statistical data on tabulating cards by punching a series of holes in the cards in a specified sequence, using an alphabetical or a numerical key-punch machine, following written information on records. May duplicate cards by using the duplicating device attached to machine. Keeps files of punch cards. May verify own work or work of others. OFFICE BOY OR GIRL P erfo rm s various routine duties such as running errands, operating minor office machines such as sealers or m ailers, opening and distributing mail, and other minor c lerica l work. SECRETARY P erfo rm s secretarial and clerica l duties fo r a superior in an administrative or executive position. Duties include making appoint ments for superior; receiving people coming into office; answering and making phone calls; handling personal and important or confi dential m ail, and writing routine correspondence on own initiative; taking dictation (where transcribing machine is not used) either in shorthand or by stenotype or sim ilar machine, and transcribing dicta tion or the recorded information reproduced on a transcribing machine. May prepare special reports or memoranda for information of superior. PAYRO LL STENOGRAPHER, G ENERAL Computes wages of company employees and enters the neces sary data on the payroll sheets. Duties involve; Calculating workers* earnings based on time or production records; posting calculated data on payroll sheet, showing information such as worker*s name, working days, tim e, rate, deductions for insurance, and total wages due. May make out pay checks and assist paymaster in making up and d is tributing pay envelopes. May use a calculating machine. P rim a ry duty is to take dictation from one or more persons, either in shorthand or by stenotype or sim ilar machine, involving a normal routine vocabulary, and to transcribe this dictation on a type w riter. May also type from written copy. May also set up and keep files in order, keep simple records, etc. Does not include tran scribing-machine work (see transcribing- machine operator). COM PTOM ETER OPERATO R STENOGRAPHER, P rim a ry duty is to operate a Comptometer to perform mathe matical computations. This job is not to be confused with that of statistical or other type of clerk, which may involve frequent use of a Comptometer but, in which, use of this machine is incidental to perform ance of other duties. P rim a ry duty is to take dictation from one or more persons, either in shorthand or by stenotype or sim ilar machine, involving a varied technical or specialized vocabulary such as in legal briefs or reports on scientific research and to transcribe this dictation on a typew riter. May also type from written copy. May also set up and keep files in order, keep simple records, etc. Does not include transcribing-machine w ork. TEC H NICAL DUPLICATING-M ACHINE OPERATOR (MIMEOGRAPH OR DITTO) SWITCHBOARD O PERATOR Under general supervision and with no supervisory respon sibilities, reproduces multiple copies of typewritten or handwritten matter, using a mimeograph or ditto machine. Makes necessary ad justment such as for ink and paper feed counter and cylinder speed. Is not required to prepare stencil or ditto master. May keep file of used stencils or ditto masters. May sort, collate, and staple com pleted material. Operates a single- or multiple-position telephone switchboard. Duties involve handling incoming, outgoing, and intraplant or office calls. May record toll calls and take messages. May give infor mation to persons who call in, or occasionally take telephone orders. For workers who also act as receptionists see switchboard operatorreceptionist. 81 SWITCHBOARD O PER ATO R-REC EPTIO NIST tion type This time TRANSCRIBING-MACHINE O PERATOR, GENERAL, - Continued In addition to perform ing duties of operator, on a single posi or monitor-type switchboard, acts as receptionist and may also or perform routine clerica l work as part of regular duties. typing or clerica l work may take the m ajor part of this worker*s while at switchboard. TA BU LATING -M ACH INE O PERATOR Operates machine that automatically analyzes and translates information punched in groups of tabulating cards and prints trans lated data on form s or accounting records; sets or adjusts machine; does simple wiring of plugboards according to established practice or diagrams; places cards to be tabulated in feed magazine and starts machine. May file cards after they are tabulated. May, in addition, operate auxiliary machines. TRANSCRIBING-MACHINE OPERATOR, included. A worker who takes dictation in shorthand or by stenotype or sim ilar machine^ is classified as a stenographer, general. TY PIS T Uses a typew riter to make copies of various m aterial or to make out bills after calculations have been made by another person. May do clerica l work involving little special training, such as keep ing simple records, filing records and reports or sorting and d is tributing incoming m ail. Class A - P erform s one or m ore of the follow ing; Typing m aterial in final form from very rough and involved draft; copy ing from plain or corrected copy in which there is a frequent and varied use of technical and unusual words or from foreignlanguage copy; combining m aterial from several sources, or planning layout of complicated statistical tables to maintain uni form ity and balance in spacing; typing tables from rough draft in final form . May type routine form letters, varying details to suit circumstances. G ENERAL Prim a ry duty is to transcribe dictation involving a normal routine vocabulary from transcribing machine records. May also type from written copy and do simple clerica l work. W orkers tran scribing dictation involving a varied technical or specialized vocabu lary such as legal briefs or reports on scientific research are not Professional DRAFTSMAN, JUNIOR (Assistant draftsman) Draws to scale units or parts of drawings prepared by drafts man or others for engineering, construction, or manufacturing pur poses. Uses various types of drafting tools as required. May p r e pare drawings from simple plans or sketches, or perform other duties under direction of a draftsman. DRAFTSM AN, LEADER Plans and directs activities of one or more draftsmen in preparation of working plans and detail drawings from rough or p re lim inary sketches for engineering, construction, or manufacturing purposes. Duties involve a combination of the follow ing: Interpreting blueprints, sketches, and written or verbal orders; determining work procedures; assigning duties to subordinates and inspecting their work; perform ing m ore difficult problems. May assist subordinates during Class B - P erfo rm s one or m ore of the follow ing: Typing from relatively clear or typed drafts; routine typing of form s, insurance policies, etc. ; setting up simple standard tabulations, or copying more complex tables already set up and spaced properly. a nd Technical DRAFTSMAN, LEADER - Continued em ergencies or as a regular assignment, or perform related duties of a supervisory or administrative nature. DRAFTSMAN, SENIOR P repares working plans and detail drawings from notes, rough or detailed sketches for engineering, construction, or manu facturing purposes. Duties involve a combination of the follow ing: Preparing working plans, detail drawings, maps, cross-sections, etc., to scale by use of drafting instruments; making engineering computa tions such as those involved in strength of m aterials, beams and trusses; verifyin g completed work, checking dimensions, m aterials to be used, and quantities; writing specifications; making adjustments or changes in drawings or specifications. May ink in lines and letters on pencil drawings, prepare detail units of complete drawings, or trace drawings. Work is frequently in a specialized field such as architectural, electrical, mechanical, or structural drafting. 82 NURSE, IND USTRIAL (REGISTERED) NURSE, INDUSTRIAL, (REGISTERED) - Continued A registered nurse who gives nursing service to ill or injured em ployees or other persons who become ill or suffer an accident on the prem ises of a factory or other establishment. Duties involve a combination of the follow ing: Giving firs t aid to the ill or injured; attendingto subsequent dressing of employees* injuries; keeping records of patients treated; preparing accident reports for compensation or other purposes; conducting physical examinations and health evaluations of applicants and em ployees; and planning and carrying out program s involving health education, accident prevention, evaluation of plant environment, or other activities affecting the health, w elfare, and safety of all personnel. Maintenance TRACER Copies tracing cloth or Uses T-square, simple drawings and plans and drawings prepared by others, by placing paper over drawing and tracing with pen or pencil. compass, and other drafting tools. May prepare and do simple lettering. Powerplant C A R PE N TE R , M AINTENANCE ENGINEER, STATIO N AR Y P erfo rm s the carpentry duties necessary to construct and maintain in good repair building woodwork and equipment such as bins, cribs, counters, benches, partitions, doors, floors, stairs, casings, and trim made of wood in an establishment. Work involves most of the follow ing: Planning and laying out of work from blueprints, draw ings, models, or verbal instructions; using a variety of carpenter*s handtools, portable power tools, and standard measuring instruments; making standard shop computations relating to dimensions of work; selecting m aterials necessary for the work. In general, the work of the maintenance carpenter requires rounded training and experience usually acquired through-a form al apprenticeship or equivalent train ing and experience. Operates and maintains and may also supervise the operation of stationary engines and equipment (mechanical or elec trica l) to sup ply the establishment in which employed with power, heat, re fr ig e r a tion, or air-conditioning. Work involves; Operating and maintaining equipment such as steam engines, a ir com pressors, generators, m o tors, turbines, ventilating and refrigeratin g equipment, steam boilers and b o iler-fed water pumps; making equipment repairs; keeping a record of operation of machinery, tem perature, and fuel consump tion. May also supervise these operations. Head or chief engineers in establishments employing m ore than one engineer are excluded. E LE C TR IC IA N , M AINTENANCE P erfo rm s a variety of electrica l trade functions such as the installation, maintenance, or repair of equipment for the generating, distribution, or utilization of elec tric energy in an establishment. Work involves most of the follow ing: Installing or repairing any of a variety of electrica l equipment such as generators, transform ers, switchboards, controllers, circuit breakers, motors, heating units, conduit systems, or other transm ission equipment; working from blue prints, drawings, layout, or other specifications; locating and diag nosing trouble in the electrica l system or equipment; working standard computations relating to load requirements of wiring or electrica l equipment; using a variety of electrician*s handtools and measuring and testing instruments. In general, the work of the maintenance electrician requires rounded training and experience usually ac quired through a form al apprenticeship or equivalent training and experience. FIREM AN, STATIO N AR Y BOILER F ire s stationary boilers to furnish the establishment in which employed with heat, power, or steam. Feeds fuels to fir e by hand or operates a mechanical stoker, gas, or o il burner; checks water and safety valves. May clean, oil, or assist in repairing b o ilerroom equipment. H ELPE R, TRADES, M AINTENANCE A ssists one or more w orkers in the skilled maintenance trades, by perform ing specific or general duties of less er skill, such as keeping a worker supplied with m aterials and tools; cleaning w ork ing area, machine, and equipment; assisting w orker by holding ma teria ls or tools; perform ing other unskilled tasks as directed by jo u r neyman. The kind ofvwork the helper is perm itted to perform varies from trade to trade; some trades the helper is confined to sup plying, lifting, and holding m aterials and tools and cleaning working areas; and in others he is perm itted to p erform specialized machine operations, or parts of a trade that are also perform ed by w orkers on a full-tim e basis. 83 M A C H I N E -T O O L O P E R A T O R , TOOLROOM S p e c ia lize s in the operation of one o r m o re types of machine tools, such as jig b o r e r s , c y lin d rical o r su rface g rin d e rs , engine lathes, o r m illin g m achines in the construction of m ach in e-sh op tools, gauges, jig s , fix tu re s , or d ies. W ork in volves m ost of the fo llo w in g : Planning and p e rfo rm in g d ifficult m achining operations; p ro c e s s in g item s re q u irin g com plicated setups or a high d egre e of acc u ra cy ; using a variety of p re c is io n m easu rin g instrum ents; selecting feeds, speeds, tooling and operation sequence; m aking n e c e s sa ry a d ju st ments during operation to achieve requ isite to lera n ces o r d im ension s. M ay be re q u ire d to reco gn ize when tools need d re s s in g , to d re s s tools, and to select p ro p e r coolants and cutting and lu bricatin g o ils . For c ro s s -in d u s tr y w age study p u rp o ses, m ach in e-to o l o p e ra to rs, toolroom , in tool and die jobbing shops a re excluded fro m this c lassificatio n . M A C H IN IS T , M E C H A N IC , M A IN T E N A N C E R e p a irs m ach inery o r m ech anical equipment of an e s ta b lis h ment. W ork in volves m ost of the fo llo w in g ; E xam ining m achines and m ech anical equipment to d iagn ose source of trouble; dism antling o r p artly dism antling m achines and p e rfo rm in g r e p a irs that m ainly involve the use of handtools in scrapin g and fitting p a rts; re p lacin g broken or defective p a rts with item s obtained fro m stock; o rd e rin g the production of a replacem ent p art by a m achine shop o r sending of the machine to a m achine shop fo r m a jo r r e p a ir s ; p re p a rin g w ritten specifications fo r m a jo r re p a ir s o r fo r the production of p arts o rd e re d fro m m achine shop; re a s se m b lin g m achines; and m aking a ll n e c e s sa ry adjustm ents fo r operation. In gen e ra l, the w o rk of a m aintenance m echanic re q u ire s rounded train ing and ex p erien ce usu ally acq u ire d through a fo rm a l apprenticesh ip o r equivalent train ing and e x p erien ce . E xcluded fro m this c la s s ific a tio n a re w o rk e rs w hose p r im a r y duties involve setting up or adjusting m ach ines. M A IN T E N A N C E M IL L W R IG H T P ro d u c e s replacem en t p arts and new p arts in m aking re p a ir s of m etal p arts of m ech anical equipment operated in an establish m ent. W ork in volves m ost of the fo llo w in g; Interpreting w ritten in stru c tions and specification s; planning and laying out of w ork ; using a v a riety of m a c h in is t s handtools and p re c is io n m easu rin g in strum ents; setting up and operating standard machine tools; shaping of m etal p arts to close to le ra n c e s; m aking standard shop computations r e la t ing to d im ension s of w o rk , tooling, feeds and speeds of m achining; knowledge of the w orking p ro p e rtie s of the com m on m etals; selecting standard m a t e ria ls , p a rts, and equipment re q u ire d fo r his w ork; fitting and a s s e m b lin g p a rts into m echanical equipment. In gen e ra l, the m a c h in is t s w o rk n o rm a lly re q u ire s a rounded train ing in m ach ineshop p ractice usu ally acq u ire d through a fo rm a l apprenticesh ip or equivalent train ing and exp erien ce. In sta lls new m achines or heavy equipment and d ism an tles and in stalls m achines o r heavy equipment when changes in the plant la y out a re re q u ire d . W ork in volves m ost of the fo llo w in g : Planning and laying out of the w ork ; in terpretin g bluep rin ts o r other specificatio n s; using a variety of handtools and riggin g; m aking standard shop co m putations relatin g to s tr e s s e s , strength of m a t e ria ls , and cen ters of gravity; alining and balancing of equipm ent; selecting standard to o ls, equipment, and p arts to be used; in stallin g and m aintaining in good o rd e r p ow e r tra n s m is s io n equipm ent such as d riv e s and speed r e d u c e rs . In gen eral, the m illw r ig h t s w o rk n o rm a lly re q u ire s a rounded train in g and exp erien ce in the trad e ac q u ire d through a fo rm a l ap p re n ticeship o r equivalent train ing and ex p erien ce. O IL E R M E C H A N IC , A U T O M O T IV E (M A I N T E N A N C E ) R e p a irs au tom obiles, b u s s e s , m o to rtru ck s, and tra c to rs of an establish m ent. W o rk in volves m ost of the fo llo w in g; E xam in ing autom otive equipm ent to diagnose source of tro u ble; d is a s s e m b lin g equipm ent and p e rfo rm in g re p a ir s that involve the use of such handtools as w re n ch es, gauges, d r ills , o r s p e c ia liz e d equipment in d is a s s e m b lin g o r fitting p a rts; replacin g brok en o r defective p a rts fro m stock; grinding and adjusting v alv es; re a s s e m b lin g and in stallin g the v ario u s a s s e m b lie s in the vehicle and m aking n e c e s s a ry adjustm ents; alining w h ee ls, adjustin g b ra k e s and ligh ts, o r tightening body bolts. In gen eral, the w o rk of the autom otive m echanic re q u ir e s rounded train ing and exp erien ce usu ally acq u ire d through a fo rm a l a p p ren tice ship or equivalent train in g and exp erien ce. L u b ric a t e s , with oil o r g r e a s e , the m oving p a rts o r w e a rin g s u rfa c e s of m ech anical equipm ent of an establish m ent. P A IN T E R , M A IN T E N A N C E P a in ts and re d e c o ra te s w a lls , w oodw ork, and fix tu res of an establish m ent. W ork in volves the fo llo w in g : K now ledge of su rface p e c u lia ritie s and types of paint re q u ire d fo r differen t application s; p re p a rin g su rface fo r painting by rem oving old finish or by placin g putty o r f i ll e r in nail holes and in te rstic e s; applying paint with spray gun o r b ru sh . M ay m ix c o lo rs , o ils , white lead , and other paint in gred ien ts to obtain p ro p e r co lo r o r consistency. In g e n eral, the w o rk of the m aintenance painter re q u ir e s rounded train ing and e x p erien ce usu ally a c q u ire d through a fo rm a l apprenticesh ip o r eq u iv a lent train ing and exp erien ce . 84 P IP E F IT T E R , M A IN T E N A N C E S H E E T -M E T A L W O R K E R , In s ta lls o r r e p a ir s w a te r, steam , gas, o r other types of pipe and pipefittings in an establish m ent. W ork in volves m ost of the fo l lo w in g : L ay in g out of w o rk and m easu rin g to locate position of pipe fro m d raw in gs o r other w ritten specificatio n s; cutting vario u s sizes of pipe to c o rr e c t lengths with ch isel and h am m er o r oxyacetylene torch o r p ip e-cu ttin g m achine; threading pipe with stocks and dies; bending pipe by h an d -d riv en or p o w e r -d r iv e n m ach ines; assem b lin g pipe with couplings and fastening pipe to h an gers; m aking standard shop com putations relatin g to p r e s s u r e s , flow , and size of pipe r e q uired; m aking standard tests to d eterm ine w hether finished p ipes m eet specificatio n s. In ge n e ra l, the w o rk of the m aintenance p ip efitter re q u ir e s rounded train ing and exp erien ce u su ally a c q u ire d through a fo rm a l ap pren ticesh ip o r equivalent train ing and e xp erien ce . W o rk ers p r im a r ily engaged in in stallin g and re p a irin g building sanitation or heating system s a r e exclu d ed . PLUM BER, M A IN T E N A N C E K eep s the plum bing system of an establish m ent in good o rd e r. W ork in volves: Know ledge of sanitary codes re g a rd in g in stallation of vents and trap s in plum bing system ; in stallin g o r re p a irin g pipes and fix tu res; opening clo gged d rain s with a p lu n ger o r p lu m ber*s snake. In gen e ra l, the w o rk of the m aintenance p lu m b er re q u ir e s rounded train in g and exp erien ce u su ally acq u ire d through a fo rm a l a p p ren tice ship o r equivalent train in g and exp erien ce. S H E E T -M E T A L W ORKER, M A IN T E N A N C E F a b r ic a te s , in sta lls , and m aintains in good re p a ir the sheetm etal equipment and fix tu re s (such a s m achine gu ard s, g r e a s e pans, sh elves, lo c k e rs, tanks, ven tilato rs, chutes, ducts, m etal ro o fin g) of an establish m ent. W ork in volves m ost of the fo llo w in g : Planning Custodial ELEVATO R OPERATOR, and T ra n s p o rt s p a s s e n g e r s between flo o r s of an office building, apartm ent house, departm ent store, hotel o r s im ila r establish m ent. W o rk ers who operate e le v a to rs in conjunction with other duties such as those of s ta rte rs and ja n ito rs a re excluded. GUARD P e r fo r m s routine p olic e duties, either at fixed post or on tour, m aintaining o rd e r, using a rm s or fo rc e w here n e c e s s a ry . In cludes gatem en who a re stationed at gate and check on identity of em p loyees and other p e rs o n s en te rin g . - Continued and laying out a ll types of sh eet-m etal m aintenance w o rk fr o m b lu e p rin ts, m o dels, or other specificatio n s; setting up and operatin g a ll a v a ila b le types of sh e e t-m e ta l-w o rk in g m ach ines; using a v ariety of handtools in cutting, bending, fo rm in g, shaping, fitting, and a s s e m bling; in stalling sh eet-m etal a r tic le s as re q u ire d . In gen e ra l, the w o rk of the m aintenance sh eet-m etal w o rk e r re q u ir e s rounded train in g and exp erien ce u su ally acq u ire d through a fo rm a l apprenticesh ip or equivalent train ing and e x p erien ce . T O O L A N D D IE M A K E R (D ie m ak er; jig m ak er; to o lm ak er; fix tu re m ak er; gauge m a k e r) C on stru cts and r e p a ir s m ach in e-sh o p to o ls, gau ges, jig s , fix tu res o r d ies fo r fo rg in g s , punching and other m e t a l-fo rm in g w o rk . W ork in volves m ost of the fo llo w in g : P lann ing and laying out of w o rk fro m m o d e ls, blu ep rin ts, d ra w in g s, o r other o ra l and w ritten s p e c ifi cations; using a v ariety of tool and die m a k e r, s handtools and p re c is io n m easu rin g instrum ents; understanding of the w ork ing p ro p e rtie s of com m on m etals and a llo y s ; setting up and o perating of m achine tools and re lated equipment; m aking n e c e s sa ry shop com putations relatin g to d im ension s of w o rk , speeds, fee d s, and tooling of m ach ines; h eattreatin g of m etal p a rts during fa b ric a tio n as w e ll as of finished tools and dies to achieve re q u ire d q u alities; w ork in g to clo se to le ra n c e s; fitting and a s s e m b lin g of p a rts to p r e s c r ib e d to le ra n c e s and a llo w an ces; selecting ap p ro p riate m a t e ria ls , to o ls, and p r o c e s s e s . In g e n e ra l, the tool and die m a k e r1s w o rk re q u ire s a rounded train in g in m ach in e-sh o p and to o lro o m p ra c tic e u su ally ac q u ire d through a fo rm a l apprenticesh ip o r equivalent train ing and exp erien ce . F o r c ro s s -in d u s tr y w age study p u rp o se s, tool and die m ak ers in tool and die jobbing shops a r e excluded fr o m this classific a tio n . Material PASSENGER M A IN T E N A N C E Movement J A N IT O R , PORTER, OR C L E A N E R (S w eeper; charw om an; ja n it r e s s ) C le a n s and keeps in an o rd e rly condition facto ry w ork ing a r e a s and w a sh ro o m s, or p re m is e s of an o ffice, apartm ent house, o r c o m m e rc ia l or other establish m ent. Duties involve a com bination of the follow in g: Sweeping, m opping, or scru bbin g, and p olishing flo o r s7 rem ovin g chips, trash , and other re fu s e ; dusting equipment, fu rn itu re, or fix tu re s; polishing m etal fix tu re s or trim m in g s; p roviding supplies and m inor m aintenance s e rv ic e s ; cleaning la v a to r ie s , sh o w ers, and r e s t ro o m s . W o rk e rs who s p e cializ e in window w ashing a re excluded. 85 LABORER, M A T E R IA L , H A N D L IN G S H IP P IN G A N D R E C E IV IN G C L E R K (L o a d e r and un load er; handler and stacker; sh elver; tru ck er; stockm an o r stock h elp er; w areh o u sem an o r w areh o u se h e lp e r) - Continued other re c o rd s ; checking fo r shortages and rejectin g dam aged goods; routing m erch an d ise o r m a t e ria ls to p ro p e r departm ents; m aintaining n e c e s sa ry re c o rd s and file s . A w o rk e r em ployed in a w areh o u se, m anufacturing plant, store, o r other establish m ent whose duties involve one or m ore of the fo llo w in g; L oadin g and unloading va rio u s m a t e ria ls and m erch an dise on o r fr o m freigh t c a r s , truck s, o r other tran sp ortin g d evice s; unpacking, shelving, o r placing m a te ria ls o r m erch an d ise in p ro p e r storage location; tran sp ortin g m a te ria ls or m erch an d ise by hand truck, c a r, o r w h e e lb a rro w . Lon gsh orem en , who load and unload ships a re excluded. F o r w age study p u rp o se s, w o rk e rs a re c la s s ifie d as fo llo w s: R ec eivin g c le rk Shipping c le rk Shipping and re ceiv in g c le rk T R U C K D R IV E R ORDER F IL L E R (O rd e r p ic k e r; stock s electo r; w areh o u se stockm an) F i lls shipping o r tr a n s fe r o rd e r s fo r finished goods fro m stored m erch an d ise in accordance with specifications on sales slip s, cu stom ers* o r d e r s , o r other instructions. M ay, in addition to fillin g o rd e rs and indicating item s fille d or omitted, keep re c o rd s of out going o r d e r s , re qu isitio n additional stock, o r re p o rt short supplies to s u p e rv is o r, and p e rfo r m other re lated duties. PACK ER, S H IP P IN G P r e p a r e s finished products fo r shipment o r sto rage by placing them in shipping containers, the specific operations p e rfo rm e d being dependent upon the type, size, and num ber of units to be packed, the type of container em ployed, and method of shipment. W ork re q u ire s the placing of item s in shipping containers and m ay involve one or m o re of the fo llo w in g : Know ledge of v a rio u s item s of stock in o rd e r to v e rify content; selection of ap p ro p riate type and size of container; in serting e n c lo su res in container; using e x c e ls io r or other m a te ria l to preven t b re ak ag e or d am age; clo sin g and sealin g container; applying la b e ls or entering identifying data on container. P a c k e r s who a lso m ake wooden bo xes o r c rates a re excluded. D r iv e s a truck within a city o r in d u strial a r e a to tran sp o rt m a t e ria ls , m erch an d ise, equipment, or m en betw een v ario u s types of establish m en ts such as; M anufacturing plants, freigh t depots, w a r e h ouses, w h o lesale and re ta il establish m en ts, or betw een re ta il e s t a b lishm ents and cu sto m ers* houses or p la c e s of b u s in e s s . M ay a l s o load or unload truck with or without h e lp e rs , m ake m in or m ech anical r e p a ir s , and keep truck in good w ork ing o rd e r. D r iv e r -s a le s m e n and o v e r -t h e -r o a d d r iv e r s a r e excluded. F o r w age study p u rp o se s, tru c k d riv e rs a r e c la s s ifie d by size and type of equipment, as fo llo w s: (T r a c t o r - t r a ile r should be r a t e d on the b a s is of t r a ile r capacity. ) T ru c k d riv e r (com bination of sizes listed s e p a ra t e ly ) T ru c k d riv e r, light (under lVa tons) T ru c k d riv e r, m edium (IV 2 to and including 4 tons) T ru c k d riv e r, heavy (o v er 4 tons, t r a ile r type) T ru c k d riv e r, heavy (o v er 4 tons, other than t r a ile r type) TRUCKER, O p erates a m anually controlled g a s o lin e - o r e le c t ric -p o w e re d truck o r tra c to r to tra n sp o rt goods and m a te ria ls of a ll kinds about a w areh o u se, m anufacturing plant, or other establishm ent. S H IP P IN G A N D R E C E IV IN G C L E R K truck, P r e p a r e s m erch an d ise fo r shipment, o r re c e iv e s and is r e sponsible fo r incom ing shipment of m erch an d ise or other m a t e ria ls . Shipping w o rk in v o lv e s : A knowledge of shipping p ro c e d u re s , p r a c tices^ rou tes, a v a ila b le m eans of tran sp ortatio n and ra tes; and p r e p arin g re c o rd s of the goods shipped, m aking up b ills of lading, p o s t ing w eight and shipping c h a rg e s , and keeping a file of shipping re-cords. M ay d ire ct o r a s s is t in p re p a rin g the m erch an d ise fo r shipment. R eceivin g w o rk in v o lv e s : V e rify in g o r d ire ctin g others in verify in g the c o rre c tn e s s of shipm ents against b ills of lading, in voices, or POW ER F o r w age study p u rp o ses, w o rk e rs a r e c la s s ifie d by ty p e of as fo llo w s: T ru c k e r, T ru c k e r, p ow e r (fo rk lift) p ow er (other than fo rk lift) W ATCHM AN M ak es rounds of p r e m is e s p e rio d ic a lly in protecting p ro p e rty again st fir e , theft, and ille g a l entry. i r U . S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE : 1957 O -449635 ."a 22 CO Occupational Wage Survey o o o The U. S. Department of Labor’ s Bureau of Labor Statistics has released the last of this year’ s occupational wage surveys for major labor markets. The studies cover 17 areas and were conducted during the winter 1956-57. The individual bulletins provide earnings information on about 60 jobs selected from several categories: Office clerical, professional and technical, maintenance and powerplant, and custodial and material movement. Atlanta Birmingham Boston Buffalo Chicago Cleveland Dallas Kansas City Los Angeles-Long Beach Memphis Minneapolis-St. Paul New York City Philadelphi a Pittsburgh Portland (Greg.) San Francisco-Oakland Seattle April 1957 January 1957 September 1956 September 1956 April 1957 October 1956 October 1956 December 1956 March 1957 February 1957 March 1957 April 1957 November 1956 December 1956 April 1957 January 1957 August 1956 1202-16 1202-10 1202-4 1202-2 1202-15 1202-3 1202-5 1202-6 1202-11 1202-13 1202-14 1202-17 1202-7 1202-9 1202-12 1202-8 1202-1 25 20 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 20 20 25 25 25 25 25 25 53 c « u^ -5 p -P S Cn 03 C o a P u3 o co 03 Oh o o <u 03 o g o c o r-a 03 o p o -3 03 “O Sh O 0) (0 a c p -Q O a 3 o o _co p 03 o 03 Oh co 03 <u "3 cq cn CQ o CO <u O h o a 03 e a o > ~a a <v I CO o c CO o c W 03 H 03 03 03 <u -Q g p a 03 CQ Address _ Cents Bureau of Labor Statistics 18 d iv e r Street, Boston, Mass. 341 Ninth Avenue, New York, N. Y. 50 Seventh Street, N. E., Atlanta, Ga. The areas covered, survey date, bulletin number, and price are as follows: O* .22 or Also presented for all areas except Memphis and Minneapolis-St. Paul are data for paid holidays; paid vacations; scheduled weekly hours; health, insurance, and pension plans; minimum en trance rates; and shift differential practices. g P Superintendent of Documents Government Printing O ffice Washington 25, D. C. In addition to areawide averages and distributions of work ers by earnings classes for each job, information is provided wher ever possible by major industry division, including manufacturing, public utilities, finance, trade, and services. 03 -Q