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UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF LABOR
W . N. DOAK, Secretary
BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS
ETHELBERT STEWART, Commissioner
BULLETIN OF THE UNITED STATES \
BUREAU OF LABOR S T A T IST IC S/
WAGES
AND
HOURS
OF
M
r jfi
llO . 0*10
*
LABOR
SERIES
WAGES AND HOURS IN RAYON
AND OTHER SYNTHETIC YARN
MANUFACTURING, 1930
FEBRUARY, 1932
UNITED STATES
GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE
WASHINGTON: 1932
For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, Washington, D. C.
-
Price 10 cents
CONTENTS
Average hours and earnings, 1930, by occupations______________________
Average hours and earnings, 1930, by districts--------------------------------------Average and classified earnings per hour, by occupations________________
Regular or customary hours of operation_______________________________
Changes in wage rates and hours since January 1, 1929_________________
Pay for overtime and for work on Sunday and holidays_________________
Bonus systems________________________________________________________
Index numbers of employment and of pay rolls, 1929 and 1930__________
Importance and growth of the industry________________________________
Scope and method_____________________________________________________
Occupations in the industry____________________________________________
Definitions of occupations______________________________________________
General tables:
T able A.— Average number of days on which employees worked,
average full-time and actual hours and earnings per week, average
earnings per hour, and per cent of full time worked, 1930, by
occupation, sex, and district_____________________________________
T able B.— Average and classified earnings per hour, 1930, by
occupation, sex, and district_____________________________________
T able C.— Average and classified full-time hours per week, 1930, by
occupation, sex, and district_______________________________ ____ -
in
Page
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26
BULLETIN OF THE
U. S. BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS
n o . 546
WASHINGTON
F e b r u a r y , 1932
WAGES AND HOURS IN RAYON AND OTHER SYNTHETIC
YARN MANUFACTURING, 1930
This report presents the results of a study in 1930 by the Bureau
of Labor Statistics of wages and hours of labor of wage earners in
rayon and other synthetic yam manufacturing in the United States.
Data covering individual hours and earnings of 18,743 males and
13,549 females for a representative pay period, by occupations, were
collected by an agent of the bureau directly from the pay rolls and
other records of 21 representative establishments. The pay period,
except for a few plants, was in February, March, April, or May.
AVERAGE HOURS AND EARNINGS, 1930, BY OCCUPATIONS
Average full-time hours per week, earnings per hour, and full-time
earnings per week are presented in Table 1 for each of the occupations
in the industry that were important in number of wage earners, for a
miscellaneous group of “ other employees” in other occupations, each
too few in number of wage earners to warrant tabulation as an occupa
tion, and also for all occupations combined, or the industry.
Average full-time hours per week for males in all occupations were
51.1; for females, 49.0; and for both sexes, or the industry, 50.2.
Average earnings per hour for males in all occupations were 50.4
cents; for females, 34.4 cents; and for both sexes, or the industry,
44.1 cents. Average full-time earnings per week for males in all
occupations were $25.75; for females, $16.86; and for both males and
females, or the industry, $22.14.
Average full-time hours per week for males by occupations range
from 49.4 for skein driers to 55.6 for cake wringers, and for females
from 45.6 for spoolers to 51.7 for filter cleaners.
Average earnings per hour for males by occupations range from
35.4 cents for winders (cone, quill, cop, and bobbin) to 58.8 cents for
spinning-bath men, and for females from 24.4 cents for truckers and
handlers to 50.8 cents for spoolers.
Average full-time earnings per week for males by occupations range
from $17.70 for winders (cone, quill, cop, and bobbin) to $29.81 for
spinning-bath men, and for females from $12.54 for truckers and
handlers to $23.16 for spoolers.
1
2
WAGES AND HOURS OF LABOR
Table 1.— Average hours and earnings, 1930^ by occupation and sex
Occupation
Sex
Chemical building workers__________ -__ Male_____
Spinning-bath men..... ................................. ...d o _____
Spinners - ^
^
__ do_____
Female___
Machine cleaners......................................... Male____
Spinneret cleaners______________________ ...d o _____
Female___
Filter cleaners.............................................. Male.........
Female___
Bobbin washers________________________ Male____
Cake washers__________________________ ...d o _____
Cake wringers_________________________ ...d o _____
Bobbin driers............................................... ...d o _____
Cake driers................................................... — do..........
Cake inspectors________________________ __ do_____
Female___
Pump testers................................................ Male.........
Spoolers........................................................ Female___
Twisters or throwers................................... Male........
Female___
Keelers and lacers______________________ ...d o _____
Winders, cone, quill, cop, or bobbin______ Male_____
Female___
Skein washers and bleachers_________-__ Male..*__
Skein driers____________________________ ...d o _____
Female___
Skein inspectors__________ __ __________ __ do_____
Cone inspectors__ _____________________ __ do_____
Wrappers and packers__________________ Male____
Female___
Truckers and handlers................................ Male.........
Female___
Laborers____ . ______________ __________ Male____
Other employees_______________________ ...d o _____
Female___
Total wage earners____ ______ ____
Grand total, males and females........
Male____
Female___
Number Number Average Average
of estab of wage full-time
earnings
lish*
hours
ments earners per week per hour
Average
full-time
earnings
per week
21
21
21
2
16
19
5
•18
5
9
6
3
9
5
3
5
21
3
6
12
20
10
17
19
15
12
20
18
14
20
21
7
21
21
21
1,782
229
4,359
163
220
161
34
134
28
443
164
82
77
34
34
111
147
523
722
1,834
4,636
1,013
2,402
865
181
300
2,269
220
206
343
1,409
112
837
5,644
574
53.6
50.7
49.9
48.0
51.5
51.4
50.9
52.9
51.7
50.0
54.0
55.6
52.2
55.3
55.3
49.8
52.9
45.6
49.7
49.7
49.5
50.0
48.2
51.5
49.4
48.7
48.9
48.3
50.3
49.1
50.5
51.4
51.6
51.3
50.0
$0,527
.588
.564
.310
.458
.555
.298
.457
.313
.463
.487
.449
.452
.490
.526
.346
.501
.508
.385
.319
.351
.354
.332
.488
.453
.359
.342
.346
.494
.338
.369
.244
.394
.550
.325
$28.25
29.81
28.14
14.88
23.59
28.53
15.17
24.18
16.18
23.15
26.30
24.96
23.59
27.10
29.09
17.23
26.50
23.16
19.13
15.85
17.37
17. 70
16.00
25.13
22.38
17.48
16.72
16.71
24.85
16.60
18.63
12.54
20.33
28.22
16.25
21
21
18,743
13,549
51.1
49.0
.504
.344
25.75
16.86
21
32,292
50.2
.441
22.14
AVERAGE HOURS AND EARNINGS, 1930, BY DISTRICTS
Average full-time hours per week, earnings per hour, and full-time
earnings per week for wage earners of each sex and for both sexes
combined are presented in Table 2 by districts. The averages are
shown by districts instead of by States, so as to avoid presenting
figures for one establishment alone.
District 1 includes 1 plant in Connecticut, 2 in Massachusetts,
1 in New Hampshire, and 1 in Rhode Island.
District 2 includes 1 plant in Delaware, 2 in New York, 2 in Ohio,
and 1 in Pennsylvania.
District 3 includes 1 plant in Georgia, 1 in Maryland, 1 in North
Carolina, 3 in Tennessee, and 4 in Virginia.
3
RATON, ETC., YARN MANUFACTURING, 1930
Table 2.— Average hours and earnings, 1980, by sex and district
Sex and district
Number Number Average Average 1 Average
of estab of wage full-time 1earnings full-time
lish
per per hour earnings
earners hours
per week
week
ments
MALES
District 1___________________ _________________ __
District 2_______________________________________
District 3__ ___ _________________________________
5
6
10
861
4,415
13,467
50.7
49.9
51.5
$0,508
.657
.453
$25.76
32.78
23.33
Total....................................................................
21
18,743
51.1
.504
25.75
District 1........................................................................
District 2_______________________________________
District 3_______________ - _______________________
5
6
10
837
3,482
9,230
50.8
47.5
49.4
.357
.447
.307
18.14
21.23
15.17
Total______________________________________
21
13,549
49.0
.344
16.86
District 1_______________________________________
District 2_______________________________________
District 3_- _________—______ - ___________________
5
6
10
1,698
7,897
22,697
50.7
48.9
50.6
.439
.573
.396
22.26
28.02
20.04
Total___________________________ '_________
21
32,292
50.2
.441
22.14
FEMALES
MALES AND FEMALES
AVERAGE AND CLASSIFIED EARNINGS PER HOUR, BY
OCCUPATIONS
Table 3 presents average earnings per hour, and also a percentage
distribution, by average earnings per hour, of the wage earners that
were included in each and all occupations in the study of the industry
in 1930.
The 1,782 chemical-building workers of the 21 establishments
included in the study earned an average of 52.7 cents per hour.
From the table it will be seen that the average earnings per hour of
less than 1 per cent of these employees were 24 and under 25 cents;
of 16 per cent were 50 and under 55 cents; of 15 per cent were 55 and
under 60 cents; of 11 per cent were 60 and under 65 cents; of 1 per
cent were 90 and under 95 cents; and of less than 1 per cent were 95
cents and under $1 per hour. These employees include all of those in
the chemical building in all occupations, because in a number of
the establishments such employees are continually shifting from one
position to another.
4
WAGES AND HOURS OF LABOR
Table 3.— Average hourly earnings and per cent of employees earning each classified
amount per hour, 19S0, by occupation and sex
Occupation________
Chem
ical Spinbuild
bath
ing
work men
ers
Ma
chine
clean
ers
Sumners
Spinneret
aers
Filter cleaners
Bob
bin
wash
ers
...........
Rat
F.
M.
M.
M.
F.
M.
M.
F.
M.
TCstahl^h-mMlt.s . ....
19
5
5
21
21
21
2
16
18
161
229 4,359
34
134
28
163
220
Employees_________ __ _____ 1,782
Average earnings per hour___ $0,527 $0,588 $0,564 $0,310 $0,458 $0,555 $0,298 $0,457 $0.313
I
1
Per cent of employees earning each classified amount per hour
CLASSIFIED EARNINGS
20 and under 21 cents . -
24 And under
cents ..
26 ^nd unde**?7V£ cents
27^3 and under 30 cen^
ao and under
cents _
and under 35 cents _
35 and under 37% cents
_
R7b$ an<i unde** 40 cents__ ^
40 »nd under 42V£ cents__
42M and under 4K cents__
45 and under 47Vjj» cents
471^ and under 50 cents
rq And und^r 55 cents...... . „
55 and under fio cents,
60 And under 65 cents________
(isand nnrtAr 70cents............
70 and nndnr 75 cenis___ -r
75 and under 80 cents ,
80 and under 85 cents________
85 and under 90 c e n t s „
90 and under 95 cents________
95 and under 100 cents..._____
CLASSIFIED EARNINGS
12 and under 13 cents________
13 and under 14 cents...._____
15 and nnriar 16 cents__ . . . ___
16 and under 17 cents__. . . . . _
17 and under 18 c e n ts .......__
18 and under 19 cents___— __
19 and under 20 c e n ts......___
20 and under 21 cents________
21 and under 22 cents________
22 and under 23 cents________
23 and under 24 cents________
24 and under 25 cents________
25 and under 27^ cents______
27% and under 30 cents______
30 and under 32% cents______
32% and under 35 cents______
35 and under 37% cents______
37% and under 40 cents...____
40 and under 42M cents______
42% and u n d e r 45 cents______
45 and under 47% cents______
47% and under 50 cents______
50 and under 55 cents________
55 and under 60 cents________
60 and under 65 cents__. . . . . . .
65 and under 70 cents___ . . . . .
70 and under 75 cents________
75 and under 80 cents___. . . . . .
80 and under 85 cents___
i Less than 1 per cent.
3
1
0)
0
0
0
1
3
3
4
4
5
5
8
6
16
15
11
7
2
2
4
2
1
5
2
1
8
3
2
6
9
5 i
20
18
3
13
5
1
0
0
4
4
4
2
3
9
7
3
8
11
12
17
2
1
2
8
10
12
2
4
10
50
10
7
11
8
2
0
21
4
4
5
18
9
1
1
12
1
2
3
1
2
1
3
7
9
7
2
8
6
14
17
2
1
2
12
3
12
29
29
15
3
3
3
21
3
1
4
9
4
1
10
36
7
11
21
4
21
17
9
5
2
12
1
2
5
13
9
7
14
4
12
2
6
5
13
7
0
0
0
1
Cake Cake Bob
bin
Occupation____ ____ _______• wash wring dri
ers
ers
ers
Sex________________________
Establishments_____________
Employees_________________
M.
9
443
$0,463
Cake
dri
ers
Cake inspec Pump Spool
tors
testers ers
Twisters or
throwers
M.
M.
M.
M.
M.
F.
M.
F.
M.
9
6
* 5
3
5
3
21
3
6
164
82
77
34
34
111
147
523
722
$0,449
$0,487
$0,452per
$0,490
$0,526 $0,346 $0,501 $0,508 $0,385
Average
earnings
hour.......
F.
12
1,834
$0,319
Per cent of employees earning each classified amount per hour
0
1
1
1
1
0
0
1
1
4
24
5
13
2
1
13
15
16
5
1
1
11
77
2
1
1
2
1
1
9
12
9
9
19
1
10
3
1
5
8
12
2
2
21
16
44
6
7
6
6
38
6
24
3
9
9
1
12
82
3
1
1
6
2
3
5
5
1
18
6
22
10
7
8
1
3
5
0
0
(1)
0
0
0
0)
0
1
4
4
8
2
3
4
8
7
7
8
19
21
18
(!)
0
4
7
11
38
10
4
1
2
2
1
1
4
1
3
1
2
6
3
19
10
7
8
10
4
1
3
9
6
1
o>
5
RAYON, ETC., TARN MANUFACTURING, 1930
Table 3*— Average hourly earnings and per cent of employees earning each classified
amount per hour, 1980, by occupation and sex— Continued
Occupation_____________ <
Beel
ers
and
lacers
Winders,
cone, quill,
cop, or
bobbin
Skein
wash
ers
Skein driers
and
bleach
ers
Skein Cone
in
in
spec spec
tors
tors
Wrappers
and packers
F.
F.
F.
M.
F.
F.
M.
M.
M.
19
15
17
12
20
10
20
14
Establishments_____________
18
865
181
300 2,269
206
Employees................................ 4,636 1,013 2,402
220
Average earnings per hour___ $0.351 $0,354 $0.332 $0,488 $0.453 $0,359 $0,342 $0,346 $0,494
F.
20
343
$0,338
Per cent of employees earning each classified amount per hour
CLASSIFIED EARNINGS
10
upder11 «witR 11 and under 12 cents_____ .__
12 and under 13 cents________
13 and under 14 cents___ - ___
14 and under 15 cents________
15 ftnri under 16 cents________
16 and under 17 cents________
17 and under 18 cents________
18 and under 19 cents_____ __
19 and under 20 cents________
20 and under 21 cents________
21 and under 22 cents________
22 and under 23 cents________
23 and under 24 cents________
24 and under 25 cents___ - ___
25 and under 27^ cents___- __
27H and under 30 cents...........
30 and under 32V6 cents............
32M and under 35 cents--------35 and under 37M cents---------37H and under 40 cents............
40 and under 42H cents...........
42K and under 45 cents---------45 and under 47H cents______
47H and under 50 cents______
50 and nnrinr 55 cents________
55 and under 60 cents________
60 and under 65 cents________
65 and under 70 cents________
70 and under 75 cents________
75 and under 80 cents____ ___
80 and under 85 cents________
(9
0)
(9
(!)
(!)
0)
(9
(9
(9
(9
<9
2
3
2
3
3
4
2
2
3
3
5
6
12
8
8
9
10
6
5
1
1
0)
(9
<9
(9
0)
(i)
I
0)
5
3
1
(9
1
2
2
3
1
2
1
1
25
7
7
9
9
5
6
5
3
3
5
2
1
(i)
b)
4
8
11
11
13
16
9
4
5
1
2
1
2
2
1
(9
(9
1
3
6
2
9
8
18
5
3
2
11
18
3
11
(9
1
(9
3
6
8
5
25
2
19
15
5
6
4
(9
(9
2
1
4
12
1
(9
2
60
16
(9
(9
F.
7
112
$0,244
M.
21
837
$0,394
M.
21
5,644
$0,550
F.
21
574
$0,325
1
(9
1
(9
2
4
3
11
6
12
6
14
10
7
5
10
3
1
2
1
(9
(9
(9
employ
Occupation------------------------ • Truckers and Laborers Otherees
handlers
M.
Establishments____ _________
21
Employees................................ 1,409
Average earnings per hour___ $0,369
1
3
1
1
2
2
2
3
6
5
11
10
15
12
16
3
3
2
2
1
1
1
5
8
9
2
12
1
6
(9
(9
2
1
17
9
9
11
4
3
(9
2
1
2
1
1
13
8
13
3
8
20
14
11
All employees
M.
21
18,743
$0,504
F.
21
13,549
$0,344
Total
21
32,292
$0,441
Per cent of employees earning each classified amount per hour
CLASSIFIED EARNINGS
10 and under 11 cents________
11 and under 12 cents___—___
12 and under 13 cents________
13 and under 14 cents________
14 and under 15 cents________
15 and under 16 cents________
16 and under 17 cents________
17 and under 18 cents________
18 and under 19 cents________
19 and under 20 cents________
20 and under 21 cents________
21 and under 22 cents___ - ___
22 and under 23 cents________
23 and under 24 cents________
24 and under 25 cents...............
25 and under 27K cents______
27}4 and under 30 cents______
* Less than 1 per cent.
66552°—32------ 3
(9
(9
(9
(9
(9
9
(9
(9
(9
(9
1
3
1
24
3
3
39
1
10
7
(9
l
(9
l
14
10
(9
12
n
(9
(9
(9
1
1
(9
l
2
1
2
i
3
5
3
8
13
(9
(9
<9
(9
(9
(9
(9
(9
(9
(9
9
(9
(9
01
(9
(9
(9
(9
Oi
1
2
1
3
2
2
(9
(9
3
3
3
2
10
6
6
4
6
"WAGES AND HOURS OP LABOR
Table 3.— Average hourly earnings and per cent of employees earning each classified
amount per hourf 1980, by occupation and sex— Continued
Occupation________________ | Truckers and Laborers Other employ
handlers
ees
Sex____ ____________________
M.
21
Establishments_____________
Employees_________________
1,409
Average earnings per hour___ $0,369
F.
7
112
$0,244
M.
21
837
$0,394
M.
21
5,644
$0.550
F.
21
574
$0.325
All employees
M.
21
18,743
$0,504
F.
21
13,549
$0,344
Total
21
32,292
$0,441
Per cent of employees earning each classified amount per hour
c l a s s if ie d e a r n i n g s —
con
30 and under 32V6 cents______
32J4 and under 35 cents___ __
35 and under 37^ cents______
37J4 and under 40 cents___ __
40 and under 42^6 cents___ . _
42H and under 45 cents_____ 45 and under 47^ cents______
47H and under 50 cents______
50 and under 55 cents________
55 and under 60 cents. ______
60 and under 65 cents________
65 and under 70 cents________
70 and under 75 cents. ______
75 and under 80 cents________
80 and under 85 cents. ______
85 and under 90 cents. ...___
90 and under 95 cents. _____
95 and under 100 cents_______
100 and under 110 cents______
110 and under 120 cents______
120 and under 130 cents______
140 and under 150 cents______
160 and under 170 cents______
10
7
12
7
7
2
9
5
4
2
3
2
2
11
4
3
6
20
5
3
1
7
15
2
1
2
4
1
1
4
3
2
4
3
6
3
8
2
11
11
13
10
7
6
2
2
1
0)
0)
0)
m
m
0)
1
29
6
4
8
5
2
1
1
7
5
4
5
5
8
5
8
3
10
10
10
9
3
2
1 .
4
1
0)
h)
0)
8
7
11
9
8
5
6
4
4
2
1
6
5
8
7
8
5
7
3
7
a
6
0
8
2
1
1
2
8
8
<*)
(*)
(0
0)
(i)
p)
m
<*)
I1)
0)
* Less than 1 per cent.
REGULAR OR CUSTOMARY HOURS OF OPERATION
Table 4 shows for the wage earners included in each of the 24
important occupations in the industry in 1930, for the miscellaneous
group of “ other employees,” and for the wage earners in all occupa
tions combined, average full-time hours per week, and the per cent
in each classified group of full-time hours per week. For a distribution
of the number of wage earners in each occupation and district, by full
time hours per week, see Table C, page 26.
The customary full-time hours per week are those recognized as
constituting full running time under normal conditions, without
taking into consideration any overtime or lost time in the week by
any individual for any cause.
Reading the figures for the 1,782 male chemical-building workers,
it is seen that in 1930 their average full-time hours were 53.6 per
week; that the full-time hours of 2 per cent of them were 45 and
under 48 per week; of 28 per cent were 48 per week; of 1 per cent
were 54 per week; of 1 per cent were 55 per week; of 68 per cent were
56 per week; and that less than 1 per cent were over 60 and not over
72 per week.
T a b le 4.— Average and classified full-time hours per week, 1980, by occupation and sex
Per cent of employees whose full-time hours per week were—
Occupation
Sex
1,782
229
4,359
163
220
161
34
134
28
443
164
82
77
34
34
111
147
523
722
1,834
4,636
1,013
2,402
865
181
300
2,269
220
206
343
1,409
112
837
5,644
574
18,743
13,549
32,292
53.6
50.7
49.9
48.0
51.5
51.4
50.9
52.9
51.7
50.0
54.0
55.6
52.2
55.3
55.3
49.8
52.9
45.6
49.7
49.7
49.5
50.0
48.2
51.5
49.4
48.7
48.9
48.3
50.3
49.1
50.5
51.4
51.6
51.3
50.0
51.1
49.0
50.2
44H
45
2
0)
11
21
2
29
36
15
25
15
1
1
1
8
1
1
5
0)
0)
0)
7
3
35
10
11
13
6
7
21
25
6
9
6
2
1
6
1
12
5
18
11
10
24
21
3
4
11
10
4
4
10
7
48
Over
48
and
under
50
28
66
76
100
25
60
12
23
14
74
25
5
48
9
9
5
13
63
12
12
57
33
23
65
5
13
9
13
6
25
IB
21
5
41
15
30 1
|
I
50
Over
50
and
under
54
54
55
1
2
0)
18
1
6
35
4
9
1
11
17
23
12
11
16
10
62
20
10
3
29
10
5
19
12
14
7
19
12
84
3
5
18
1
23
5
4
13
10
24
11
20
13
13
11
22
7
12
9
16
33
15
21
27
16
12
4
3
10
9
10
2
4
6
71
2
9
25
4
10
7
36
1
68
32
23
4
24
36
0)
9
39
0)
37
12
26
14
2
18
4
3
2
II
W2
6
20
2
7
5
13
12
3
8
4
6
Over
56
56 and
under
60
5
8
7
1
1
4
9
7
4
5
5
7
11
4
6
5
60
Over
60
and
not
over
72
(0
1
4
26
25
75
95
52
91
91
MANUFACTURING, 1930
1 Less than 1 per cent.
21
21
21
2
16
19
5
18
5
9
6
3
9
5
3
5
21
3
6
12
20
10
17
19
15
12
20
18
14
20
21
7
21
21
21
21
21
21
44
Over
45
and
under
48
7
4
31
7
6
5
3
8
16
19
12
23
1
14
3
1
3
3
0)
1
2
2
EATON, ETC., TARN
Chemical-building workers___ ________ Male____
Spinning-bath men.................................. ...d o ..........
Spinners.____________________________
Female___
Machine cleaners...................................... Male.........
Spinneret cleaners_______ ______ ______ __ do_____
Female___
Filter cleaners_________________ ______ Male........
Female___
Bobbin washers______________________ Male.........
Cake washers_______________ _________ ...d o ..........
Cake wringers_____________ __________ ...d o ..........
Bobbin driers________ ____ ________
__ do_____
Cake driers...................... .........................
Cake inspectors____. . . ...... .....................
Female___
Pump testers....____ ______ __________ Male____
Spoolers____________ ________________ Female___
Twisters and throwers,......... .................. Male____
Female___
Reelers and lacers..................................... __ do_____
Winders, cone, quill, cop, or bobbin___ Male_____
Female___
Skein washers and bleachers____ ______ Male_____
Skein driers_______ ________ _____ ____
Female___
Skein inspectors____ _________________ __ do_____
Cone inspectors_________________ ____ __ do_____
Wrappers and packers___________ . ___ Male____
Female___
Truckers and handlers_________ . . . ___ Male____
Female___
Laborers_____________________________ Male____
Other employees_____________________ __ do. ____
Female___
Total wage earners...........
Male____
Female___
Grand total, males and females
Num
Average
ber of Number full-time Over
43
estab of wage hours
per and
lish
earners
week
under
ments
44
1
0)
0)
0)
0)
0)
8
WAGES AND HOURS OF LABOR
Table 5 shows for the males and the females of each of the 21 estab
lishments covered in the 1930 study of the industry the prevailing
regular or customary full-time hours per week and per day (Monday
to Friday, Saturday, and Sunday). In some establishments the full
time hours of a few wage earners were less or more than those for the
majority of the wage earners in such establishments, but in each case
the hours of the greater number of wage earners of each sex are pre
sented in this table as the hours of each establishment as a whole.
Two sets of hours are reported for males of 20 establishments—one
for those with working hours on Monday to Saturday and Sunday
and the other for those with working hours on six days and none on
Sunday. The males of 7 establishments with working hours on
Sunday were given one day off duty each week, and the males of 13
establishments were continuous 7-day week workers.
Hours per week of males and females ranged by establishments
from 48 to 56, and per day—Monday to Friday—from 8 to 10. Hours
on Saturday of males and females ranged from 4% to 9.
T a b l e 5 . — Number
Male_______________
Female____——_____
Male_______ ___ ___
Do........................
Female____ ___ ____
Male_______________
Do........................
Female_____________
Male______ __ _____
Do........................
Female_____________
Male_______________
Do........................
Female_____________
Male______________
Do........................
Female____ ________
Male_______________
Do........................
Female_____________
Male_______________
Do........................
Female_____________
Male_______________
Do........................
Female_____________
Male_______________
Do........................
Female_____________
Male_______________
Do........................
Female________ - ___
Male_______________
Do........................
Female_____________
Male_______________
Do........................
Female_____________
Male_______________
Do........................
Female_____________
Male_______________
Do........................
Female_____________
Male______ ________
Do........................
Female_______ _____
Full-time hours per day
Number of establishments
Full-time
hours
per week Monday Saturday Sunday District 1 District 2 District 3 Total
to Friday
48
48
48
48
44^
48
48
48
48
48
48
48
49H
49X
48
50
50
48
48
52
48
54
54
56
48
45
56
48
47%
56
48
48
56
48
48
56
48
48^
56
48
50
56
49X
49X
56
54
45
* Off duty 1 day each week.
8
8%
8
8
8
8
8
8H
8
8%
8H
8
9
9
8
9*
9A
8
8
9K
8
m
8
8
8
8
8
m
8
8
8
8
8
5
8
8
4X
8
8
5
8
4H
4M
8
4X
4X
8
4-jnr
4&
8
8
m
8
8
tA
8
9
8
9
9
8
9
8
8
4X
8
8
5
8
4X
4X
8
9
5
l
18
1
i
18
18
18
l i
1
i
1
1
18
18
5H
5H
8
8
5
8
8
4M
8
8
8
%%
8%
8
8
i
18
1
1
8
1
8
X
8
8
w ;
Sex
of establishments in each district in 1980 with specified full
time hours per week and per day
1
1
1
8
1
8
8
8
2
1
1
9
RAYON, ETC., YARN MANUFACTURING, 1930
Table S.— Number of establishments in each district in 1980 with specified full
time hours per week and per day— Continued
Number of establishments
Full-time hours per day
Sex
Full-time
hours Monday
per week to Friday Saturday Sunday District 1 District 2 District 3
Male---------------------Do.......................
Female____________
Male....... ...................
Do.......................
Female____________
Male..........................
Do.......................
Female.......................
Total................
56
54
54
56
54
54
56
55
55
8
9
9
8
9U
9%
8
10
10
8
9
9
8
8
8
hM
6yi
8
5
5
1
1
1
1
8
5
Total
6
1
1
10
21
CHANGES IN WAGE RATES AND HOURS SINCE JANUARY
1, 1929
None of the 21 establishments included in the report made changes
in wage rates between January 1, 1929, and the period of the 1930
study, and only 2 of them made changes in regular full-time hours.
The hours of wage earners in most of the occupations in the 2 were
reduced from 55 to 48 per week.
PAY FOR OVERTIME AND FOR WORK ON SUNDAY AND
HOLIDAYS
Time worked in excess of the regular full-time hours per day and
per week is overtime. Work on Sunday and holidays is extra time
only when worked by wage earners whose regular working time does
not provide for work on those days.
In 6 of the 21 establishments covered in 1930 the rate for overtime
and for extra work on Sunday and holidays was higher than for regular
working time and applied to the specified occupations in Table 6.
The rate for such work to the wage earners in the other occupations
in these plants was the same as for regular working time. The higher
rates for overtime were one and one-tenth, one and one-fourth, or one
and one-half times the rate for regular working time and for extra
work on Sunday and holidays was one and one-fourth or one and
one-half times the regular rate. In 1 plant the rate for overtime to
shift men was the same as for regular working time and to all others
was one and one-fourth times the regular rate on Monday to Friday
and one and one-half times on Saturday; the rate to shift men for work
on Sunday was one and one-fourth times the regular rate and for
work on holidays was the same as for regular working time; and the
rate for work on Sunday and holidays to all others was one and onehalf times the regular rate. In 1 plant the rate for overtime was the
same as for regular working time and for work on Sunday and holidays
was one and one-half times the regular rate. In 1 plant the rate for
overtime and for work on Sunday and holidays was one and one-half
times the regular rate. In 13 plants the rate for overtime and for
work on Sunday and holidays was the same as for regular working
time.
10
WAGES AND HOURS OF LABOR
T a b le
6.—Pay for overtime and for Sunday and holiday work, employees entitled♦
and rate, 1980
Times regular rate for each hour of—
Num
ber
of establishments
13
1
1
1
1
1
Employees paid extra rate
Overtime on week days
All
__________
.
_
_______________
Skein washers and driers, packers, reel trackers,
maintenance employees except painters, reel
machine fixers, reel boss, lead burner and
helper, boss skein washer, and clean-up men.
A ll others___________________________________
Coagulating-bath men, spinners, spinneret
cleaners, skein and cone packers (day men),
truckers and handlers (spinners), mechanics,
maintenance employees, stock handlers, air
conditioning men, head spinners, and tool
cribmen.
All others______________ __________ _________
Maintenance men except electricians, mechan- ics, and yardmen.
All others_________________________________
/Shift men ____________ _____________________
[All others___ _______________________________
(Chemical workers__ ;_________________________
All other day-shift workers___________________
AH other night-shift workers...............................
^Day workers nn 47%-hnnr or MW-hour hasis _
IMaintenance men____________________________
(All others_______________ __ ___ __ __________
All...........................................................................
All...........................................................................
(Shift men.................. ........... ......... .......................
1 <Pump testers and all journeyman mechanics___
[All others ___________________ _____________
1
1
Work on
Sunday
and
holidays
1..........................................................
IMo Monday to Friday; 1H Satur
day.
1
1H
1..........................................................
l}i....................................
1
lH
1......................................
1
m .......................................................
i ......................................
i ......................................
1H Monday to Friday; IH Saturday.
1..........................................................
1 for first 2 hnnrs, then 1%
......
1 for first hour, then lYz___________
IH ....................................
1 for first H hour, then IH, Monday
to Friday; 1H on Saturday.
1..........................................................
1..........................................................
1M .......................................................
1......................................
................................. .....
1......................................
IH
l
UH
m
nn
IH
m
IH
1H
i
lH
IH
1H
IH
l
* IH between midnight Saturday and midnight Sunday, and 1 for holiday work.
* IH between 11 a. m. Saturday and 11 p. m. Sunday, and 1 for holiday work.
BONUS SYSTEMS
A bonus is compensation in addition to earnings at regular time
or piece rates. Bonus systems were in operation at the time of
study of the rayon industry in 1930 in 12 of the 21 plants for which
earnmgs are presented in this report. The basis of the bonus was
attendance in 7 plants, service and attendance in 3, and attendance
and quality of work in 2. There was no provision for bonus payments
in 9 plants.
Table 7 shows for each of 8 plants the^ kind of bonus, the wage
earners entitled, the amount, and the conditions necessary to get the
bonus. General information only was available for the bonus systems
in 4 plants not included in the table.
11
EAYON, ETC.. YARN MANUFACTURING, 1930
Table 7.— Bonus systems of eight rayon or other synthetic textile plants, 1930
Num
ber of
estab
lish
ments
2
Kind of
bonus
Wage earners entitled
Attendance. Night workers--------------------
1 ....... do.......... Shift men on 56-hour-week
basis, namely, chemicalbuilding workers, spinneret-bath men, spinneretcage men, spinneret clean
ers, truckers and handlers
(spinning department),
cake washers, wringers,
and driers, male cake in
spectors, skein washers and
bleachers, skein driers, desulphuring-solution men,
janitors (spinning depart*
ment), machine cleaners,
plant control inspectors,
mechanics, oilers, mill
wrights, millwrights’ help
ers, and gang leaders (spin
ning department).
1 ....... do.......... Shift men of chemical-building workers; machine clean
ers and truckers in spinning
department; and head spin
ners and spinners.
1 ....... do_____ 7-day week workers________
Amount of bonus
Conditions
10 per cent of earnings at
basic rate.
Attendance with no
loss of time unless
excused by foreman.
Perfect attendance.
5 per cent of earnings at
basic rates.
Do.
1 d«iy off with pay every 2 14 days’ perfect atten
weeks.
dance.
1 ....... do.......... Inspectors and skein and cone 50 cents per week________ Attendance with no
packers.
loss of time unless
excused by foreman.
2 Service and Chemical-building workers; $1 per week for service of 6 Service of 6 weeks or
weeks and under 6
coagulating-bath men; spin
more and attend
attendance.
months; $1.25 for 6
ance with no loss of
ners; spinneret cleaners;
months and under 1
skein washers and bleach
time in week.
ers; skein driers; skein and
year; $1.50 for 1 and
under 1H years; $1.75
core packers; truckers and
for 1H years and up
handlers in spinning de
to last pay period in
partment; filter cloth wash
ers; and a few others.
second year; $2 for last
pay period in second
year and $2.50 per week
for 2 years and over.
INDEX NUMBERS OF EMPLOYMENT AND OF PAY ROLLS,
1929 AND 1930
Index numbers of employment and of pay rolls in the rayon or
other synthetic yarn manufacturing industry are presented in Table 8
for each of the months and years from January, 1929, to December,
1930. The numbers are as published by the Bureau of Labor Statis
tics in monthly reports on “ Trend of Employment.” In computing
the numbers from averages for employment and for pay rolls each
month and year the 1929 average was used as the base or 100 per
cent.
During the period January, 1929, to December, 1930, the monthly
volume of employment index was highest (104.6) in November, 1929,
and lowest (86.4) in December, 1930, and pay rolls were highest
(109.3) in March, 1930, and lowest (84.1) in December, 1930.
12
WAGES AND HOURS OF LABOR
T a b l e 8 .—
Indexes of employment and of pay rolls, January, 1929, to November,
1980,
month and year
[Average for 1929“ 100.0]
Year
Jan.
Feb.
Mar.
Apr.
May
Jane
July
Aug.
Sept.
Oct.
Nov.
Dec.
Yearly
aver
age
100.8
91.4
103.7
89.1
104.6
88.5
102.8
86.4
100.0
95.0
101.8
87.8
106.1
88.8
109.2
88.7
103.9
84.1
100.0
97.4
E m ploym en t
1929.... 97.6
1930— . 101.3
99.0
100.1
101.6
101.4
102.0
100.2
92.6
97.5
95.0
96.0
98.9
95.1
101.2
92.4
P ay-roll totals
1929.... 96.2
1930___ 105.9
97.9
108.6
96.6
109.3
96.4
103.6
92.1
104.8
97.3
97.3
98.8
100.6
103.5
88.8
IMPORTANCE AND GROWTH OF THE INDUSTRY
The manufacture of rayon or other synthetic yam is a compara
tively new industry. Prior to 1925 the industry was considered of
so little importance that it was grouped by the United States Census
of Manufactures with “ Chemicals, not elsewhere classified.” Since
1925 the increasing popularity of the various items of wearing apparel
and of miscellaneous articles in which the yam is used has resulted in
tremendous growth in production and in number of wage earners in
the industry. The yarn is one of the important materials used by
many mills engaged in fabricating cloth underwear and other articles.
The production of rayon or other synthetic yam in the United
States in 1927, by different processes, was as follows: Viscose, ap
proximately 82 per cent; nitrocellulose or chardonnet, 10 per cent;
cellulose acetate, 4 per cent; cuprammonium, 2 per cent; and others,
2 per cent.
Table 9 shows the growth of the industry, all processes combined,
in 1925, 1927, and 1929 in number of establishments, cost of material,
pounds of yarns, value of products, average number of wage earners,
and in amount paid to wage earners. The figures are as reported by
the United States Census of Manufactures. Average |)er capita
yearly earnings of wage earners, as computed by the Bureau of Labor
Statistics, are also presented in this table.
The average number of wage earners increased from 19,128 in 1925
to 26,341 in 1927 and to 38,938 in 1929. Wages likewise increased
from $22,976,000 in 1925 to $28,649,000 in 1927 and to $44,704,000
in 1929. The value of products increased from $88,061,000 in 1925
to $109,888,000 in 1927 and to $149,276,000 in 1929. Production
increased from 51,902,000 pounds of yams in 1925 to 75,555,000 pounds
in 1927 and to 116,493,000 pounds in 1929. Average per capita yearly
earnings of wage earners decreased from $1,201.15 in 1925 to $1,087.64
in 1927 and increased to $1,148.09 in 1929.
RATON, ETC., YARN MANUFACTURING, 1930
13
Table 9.— Establishments, cost of materials, quantity of yarn manufactured, value
of products, wage earners, wages, and average per capita wages, 1925, 1927, and
1929
[From United States Census of Manufactures]
5fear
Number
of estab
lish
ments
1925..........................
1927..........................
1929..........................
Cost of
materials
Quantity
of yarn
manufac
tured
(pounds)
Value of
products
Average
number
of wage
earners
14 $18,478,000 51.902.000 $88,061,000
19 25.748.000 75.555.000 109.888.000
28 33.291.000 116> 493,000 149.276.000
Amount
paid to
wage
earners
19,128 $22,976,000
26,341 28.649.000
38,938 44.704.000
Average
yearly
earnings
$1,201.15
1,087.64
1,148.09
SCOPE AND METHOD
The wage data used in compiling this report are for wage earners
of 21 establishments in 13 States. The establishments were at the
time of the study engaged wholly in manufacturing rayon or other
synthetic yarns. Data for executives, office clerks, employees engaged
in the maintenance or construction of buildings, power-house em
ployees, and those whose duties were mainly supervisory were not
included. Wage figures are shown in the various tables of the report
for wage earners in 24 of the most important occupations in the
industry and for the group of “ other employees.” The group in
cludes all wage earners other than those in the important occupations.
Each occupation in the group is too few in number of wage earners to
warrant a separate tabulation as an occupation. The group repre
sents only 19 per cent of the total number of wage earners covered in
the study.
The 1929 United States Census of Manufactures reports 38,938
wage earners in the industry in the United States, and 36,365, or 94
per cent of them, are in the States covered by this study. Data are
shown in this report for 32,292 wage earners, or 83 per cent of the
total number in the industry in 1929.
The average earnings per hour for employees in each occupation
were computed by dividing the total earnings of all employees in
the occupation during the pay-roll period by the total hours worked
by such employees during the period.
The average full-time hours per week were commuted by dividing
the total full-time hours per week of all employees in the occupation
by the number of employees in the occupation during the pay period
covered. The full-time hours of each employee were used in arriving
at this average, even though some employees worked more or less
than full time on account of entering or leaving the service during
the pay period, overtime, sickness, disability, or some other cause.
Average full-time earnings per week for employees of each occupa
tion were computed by multiplying the average earnings per hour of
all employees in the occupation by the average full-time hours per
week. This assumes that the earnings for full time would have been
at the same average rate per hour as during the time that was actu
ally worked in the pay period covered.
66552°—32------3
14
WAGES AND HOURS OF LABOR
OCCUPATIONS IN THE INDUSTRY
The occupations for which data are presented in this bulletin are
arranged below in order of manufacture.
Chemical-building workers.
Spinning-bath men.
Spinners.
Machine cleaners.
Spinneret cleaners.
Filter cleaners.
Bobbin washers.
Cake washers.
Cake wringers.
Bobbin driers.
Cake driers.
Cake inspectors.
Pump testers.
Spoolers.
Twisters or throwers.
Reelers and lacers.
Winders, cone, quill, cop, or
bobbin.
Skein washers and bleachers.
Skein driers.
Skein inspectors.
Cone inspectors.
Wrappers and packers.
Truckers and handlers.
Laborers.
All wage earners in occupations other than listed above are included
in the group of “ Other employees.”
DEFINITIONS OF OCCUPATIONS
Chemical-building workers are continually shifted from one position
or kind of work, to another, each worker performing a number of
operations. They unload and strip bales of wood pulp or cotton
linters, and tend the various tanks and containers in which the basic
materials are by chemical treatment transformed into a liquid.
The liquid, which is called “ viscose” when made by that process, is
then pumped through filter presses to storage tanks and kept there a
certain period of time before being transferred to the spinning
machines.
Spinning-bath men or coagulating-bath men tend the tanks in which
the mix for the acid bath is made and by operating valves control
the flow of the mix from the tanks to the shallow bath or trough that
extends along the entire length of the equipment or so-called machine
used in spinning rayon thread or yam.
Spinners are in charge of the equipment used in spinning rayon
yam. The equipment consists of spinnerets (sometimes called jets),
acid bath, bobbins, spools, or buckets, wheels, tubes, etc. Spinners
catch together the ends of the filaments from each spinneret as they
pass through the acid bath, bring them together to form a thread,
start the thread on a bobbin or spool, or into a bucket. They remove
full bobbins, spools, or buckets, and replace them with empties as
needed. The yam from the bucket is called “ cakes.”
Machine cleaners clean such parts of the spinning equipment,
except spinnerets, as need to be cleaned, using a power hose, hot
water, and necessary cleaning material.
Spinneret cleaners wash spinnerets in an acid bath, examine the
small holes or openings for defects, blow with compressed air from
the holes in the spinneret the gummed substance that forms during
the passage of the viscose or other solution through them.
Filter cleaners remove the core or center of the filter from its casing;
take off the gummed cloth wrapper of the core and rewrap it with a
clean cloth; and take out layers of filter cloth strainers that need
cleaning and replace them with clean ones. The filter is sometimes
called “ candle filter” because of its shape.
RAYON, ETC., YARN MANUFACTURING, 1930
15
Bobbin and cake washers.—In plants in which the bobbin or spool
method of spinning is used, washers place wound bobbins or cakes of
yam on rods and hang them on wash racks or in mechanical wash
ing machines, where by spraying, dipping, compressing, or other
method the yam is washed and desulphurized. In plants in which
the bucket or box method of spinning is used the cakes are placed on
rods and washed by passing them through a centrifugal wringer or
laundry extractor before they go through the mechanical drier.
Cake wringers remove cakes from wash racks, place them on rods
in the centrifugal wringer and secure them with bolts; after the
wringing has been done they remove the cakes and place them on
carriers or trucks to be delivered to the drier.
Bobbin and cake driers hang the rods on which the bobbins or cakes
are placed on a slow-moving conveyor, take them from the conveyor
after they have passed through a heated drier, and place them on
carriers for transfer to the finishing room.
Cake inspectors examine the washed and dried cakes for broken yarn
and loose ends and remove the excess of loose thread.
Pump testers check pumps after they have been adjusted by me
chanics. The test is made by drawing off a measure of viscose or
other solution through the spinneret, making a record of the time
required to run the measure, and then weighing the measure to deter
mine if the pumps have been adjusted to the proper speed to produce
the desired denier or unit of weight of the yarn to be spun.
Spoolers place empty bobbins on spooling machines; start end of
thread from bobbin or cake of dried yarn on empty spool, tie any
broken threads, and remove spools from the machines after they have
been wound.
Twisters or throwers place bobbins or spools on twisting or throwing
machines; from bobbin or cake of yam start end of thread on empty
spool, tie knots in broken threads, and remove the empty bobbins and
full spools.
Beelers and lasers start end of thread from bobbin or cake of yarn
on reel on machine, tie knots in broken threads, remove the skeins
from the reel when Med, and lace the skeins by running laces between
strands of yam at intervals to prevent tangling.
Winders of cones, quills, cops, or bobbins attach the end of the thread
from spool or skein to empty cones, quills, cops, or bobbins on winding
machine, tie broken threads, and remove the cones, etc., from the
machine after the winding. The winding is generally on cones, but
to meet the demand of the trade the yam is sometimes wound on
quills, cops, or bottle bobbins.
Skein washers and bleachers place skeins in mechanical washer and
bleacher; remove them from the washing and bleaching machine;
wrap them in cloth; pass them through a centrifugal wringer to the
mechanical drier. In plants where mechanical washers and bleachers
are not in use the skeins are hung in tubs of washing and bleaching
solution.
Skein driers place skeins of yam on rods; hang them on a slowmoving conveyor in heated drier; and remove them from the conveyor
at the back of the drier. The skeins are then trucked to the finishing
room.
16
WAGES AND HOURS OF LABOR
Skein inspectors include reinspectors, tensile testers, sorters, and
graders. They inspect, sort, and grade skeins of yarn before they are
wrapped and packed for shipment.
Cone, quill, cop, and bobbin inspectors examine for broken threads
and neat knotting and classify for packing.
Wrappers and packers wrap, bundle, and pack skeins, cones, quills,
cops, and bobbins for shipping.
Truckers and handlers wait on or serve employees in other occupa
tions by taking to and from them bobbins, spools, skeins, cones, etc.
In some plants they are classed as service men.
Laborers do the various kinds of unskilled work, such as moving
materials and general cleaning.
Other employees. This group includes wage earners in approxi
mately 100 occupations in the industry other than those specified
above. Each of the occupations in the group had too few workers to
warrant tabulation as an occupation.
GENERAL TABLES
In addition to the text tables already shown, three general tables,
which show the data in detail, are presented. In these tables data
are shown by districts instead of by States to avoid presenting figures
for one establishment.
District 1 includes 1 plant in Connecticut, 2 in Massachusetts, 1 in
New Hampshire, and 1 in Rhode Island.
District 2 includes 1 plant in Delaware, 2 in New York, 2 in Ohio,
and 1 in Pennsylvania.
District 3 includes 1 plant in Georgia, 1 in Maryland, 1 in North
Carolina, 3 in Tennessee, and 4 in Virginia.
T a b l e A.—Average number of days on which employees worked,
average full time and actual hours and earnings per week, average
earnings per hour, and per cent of full time worked, by occupation,
sex, and district.
This table shows for each occupation and district all of the various
averages which have been computed from the data collected. The
presentation in this table in parallel columns of “ average full-time
hours per week” and “ average hours actually worked in one week”
is for the purpose of easy comparison of the average hours actually
worked in one week with the hours that would have been worked in
one week had all employees in the occupation worked no more nor
less than full time. One shows the average full-time hours per week
under normal conditions, while the other shows the average hours
actually worked in one week by all employees in the occupation.
T a b l e B.—Average and classified earnings per hour, 1930, by
occupation, sex, and district.
T a b l e C.—Average and classified full-time hours per week, 1930,
by occupation, sex, and district.
17
RAYON, ETC., YARN MANUFACTURING, 1930
A.— Average number of days on which employees worked, average full-time
and actual hours and earnings per week, average earnings per hour, and per cent
of full time worked, 1980, by occupation, sex, and district
T a b le
{District 1: Connecticut, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, and Rhode Island; District 2: Delaware, New
Yorkj Ohio, and Pennsylvania; District 3: Georgia, Maryland, North Carolina, Tennessee, and Vir-
Occupation, sex, and district
Chemical-building workers,
male:
District 1________ —_____
District 2_______________
District 3 _ .... ...... ..............
Total__________ _____
Spinning-bath men, male:
District 1..... ........... ..........
District 2________ _______
District 3________________
Total
„ ________ _
Spinners, male:
' District 1..... ......................
District 2_______________
District 3_______________
Num
ber of
estab
lish
ments
Aver Aver Aver
Per
age
cent of Aver
age
age
Num num
full
hours
age
full
ber of ber of
actu
time
earn
time
wage days hours
ally
ings
hours
earners worked
actu
per
per worked
in 1
in 1
hour
ally
week week
week- worked
Aver Aver
age
age
full
time actual
earn
earn ings
in
ings
1
per
week
week
99
5
414
6
10 1,269
6.1
5.6
5.9
50.4
54.9
53.4
51.0
47.7
48.3
101.2
86.9
90.4
$0.522
.672
.481
$26.31
36.89
25.69
$26.58
32.11
23.24
21
1,782
5.8
53.6
48.3
90.1
.527
28.25
25.48
5
6
10
15
63
151
5.8
5.5
5.8
51.6
50.3
50.8
48.2
44.5
48.2
93.4
88.5
94.9
.569
.749
.527
29.36
37.67
26.77
27.44
33.36
25.40
21
229
5.7
50.7
47.2
93.1
.588
29.81
27.72
5
195
6 1,057
10 3,107
5.5
5.5
5.2
49.7
50.1
49.8
44.7
44.0
41.8
89.9
87.8
83.9
.540
.737
.504
26.84
36.92
25.10
24.13
32.43
21.05
Total................................
21
4,359
5.3
49.9
42.4
85.0
.564
28.14
23.95
Spinners, female: District 3___
2
163
5.8
48.0
47.8
99.6
.310
14.88
14.81
Machine cleaners, male:
District 1— ....... ...............
District 2............................
District 3. _____________
3
5
8
9
47
164
6.2
5.9
5.7
49.3
48.8
52.4
55.4
45.3
48.4
112.4
92.8
92.4
.493
.586
.423
24.30
28.60
22.17
27.33
26.31
20.45
Total________ _________
16
220
5.8
51.5
48.0
93.2
.458
23.59
21.99
Spinneret cleaners, male:
District 1_______________
District 2_______________
District 3............. ............
5
6
8
15
58
•88
6.0
5.8
6.0
51.2
50.5
52.0
48.3
49.5
50.0
94.3
98.0
96.2
.513
.700
.467
26.27
35.35
24.28
24. 75
34.63
23.33
Total_________________
19
161
5.9
51.4
49.6
96.5
.555
28.53
27.53
Spinneret cleaners, female:
District 3............. ...........
5
34
5.9
50.9
50.0
98.2
.298
15.17
14.87
Filter cleaners, male:
District 1......................... .
District 2_.___________
District 3......................... .
5
6
7
14
41
79
5.8
5.5
5.9
49.7
50.8
54.6
48.6
48.9
51.0
97.8
96.3
93.4
.468
624
.373
23.26
31.70
20.37
22. 71
30.52
19.02
Total................................
18
134
5.8
52.9
50.1
94.7
.457
24.18
22.93
Filter cleaners, female:
District 2............................
District 3. .........................
2
3
7
21
6.0
5.6
48.1
53.0
44.4
49.4
92.3
93.2
.403
. 286
19.38
15.16
17.86
14.13
Total...............................
5
28
5.7
51.7
48.1
93.0
.313
16.18
15.06
Bobbin washers, male:
District 1............ ...............
District 2.................... ........
District 3— .......................
2
2
5
55
104
284
6.1
5.7
5.9
49.9
49.8
50.1
48.3
53.4
47.9
96.8
107.2
95.6
.531
.617
.386
26.50
30.73
19.34
25.67
32.95
18.48
Total...............................
9
443
5.9
50.0
49.2
98.4
.463
23.15
22.77
Cake washers, male:
Districts 1 and 3............ .
District 2............................
2
4
0)
81
0)
6.0
0)
0)
52.0
0)
100.0
0
.577
0)
30.00
0)
30.00
6
164
6.2
54.0
52.9
98.0
.487
26.30
25.77
Total________ _______
JData included in total.
52.0
WAGE8 AND HOURS OP LABOR
18
A.— Average number of days on which employees worked, average full-time
and actual hours and earnings per week, average earnings per hour, and per cent
of full time worked, 1930, by occupation, sex, and district— Continued
T a b le
Occupation, sex, and district
Cake wringers, male:
District 2_______
District 3_______
Num
ber of
estab
lish
ments
2
1
Per
Aver Aver Aver
cent of
age
age
age
full
Num num
hours
full
actu
ber of ber of time
time
wage days
ally
hours
earners worked hours
actu
worked
per
in 1
ally
in 1
week
week worked
week
7
<*)
Aver
age
earn
ings
per
hour
Aver Aver
age
age
full
time actual
earn
earn ings in
ings
1
per
week
week
6.1
0)
51.4
<»)
49.7
96.7
0)
$0. C36
0)
$32.69
0)
$31.62
0)
0)
3
82
6.3
55.6
52.4 | 94.2
.449
24.96
23.53
2
2
5
8
16
53
6.5
6.3
6.0
52.0
56.0
51.0
52.0
55.5
48.3
100.0
99.1
94.7
.505
.639
.379
26.25
35.78
19.33
26.25
35.48
18.29
9
77
6.1
52.2
50.2
96.2
.452
23.59
22.69
2
3
(l)
15
0)
6.3
0)
54.4
0)
52.7
(l)
96.9
0)
.560
0)
30.46
0)
29.53
5
34
6.1
55.3
50.2
90.8
.490
27.10
24.64
Cake inspectors, male:
Districts 1,2, and 3..
3
34
6.4
55.3
51.8
93.7
.526
29.09
27.26
Cake inspectors, female:
Districts 1 and 3___
District 2_____ ____
2
3
0)
14
0)
4.6
0)
48.6
C1)
39.2
0)
80.7
0)
.380
0)
18.47
0)
14.92:
5
111
5.5
49.8
45.1
90.6
.346
17.23
15.61
District 2..
District 3..
5
6
10
14
27
106
5.9
5.9
5.6
50.7
50.5
53.8
50.6
50.8
52.0
99.8
100.6
96.7
.553
.661
.455
28 04
33.38
24.48
27.96
33.56
23.66
Total..
21
147
5.7
,52.9
51.7
97.7
.501
26.50
25.89
2
1
337
<l)
5.3
0)
46.6
0)
38.1
<»)
81.8
(*)
.551
(l)
25.68
0)
20.99
0
3
523
5.5
45.6
39.2
86.0
.508
23.16
19.95
1
5
0)
684
(9
5.5
49.8
V)
(»)
46.1
0)
92.6
(*)
.374
0)
18.63
<*>
17.26
6
722
5.5
49.7
46.1
92.8
.385
19.13
17.73;
2
2
8
113
353
1,368
5.6
5.2
5.5
50.8
48,5
49.9
47.4
43.8
45.8
93.3
90.3
91.8
.336
.465
.282
17.07
22.55
14.07
15.94
20.35
12.9$
12
1,834
5.4
49.7
45.5
91.5
.319
15.85
14.54
5
6
9
374
1,279
2,983
5.2
4.9
4.9
50.2
47.2
50.4
44.9
37.9
40.5
89.4
80.3
80.4
.384
.446
.308
19.28
21.05
15.52
17.24
16.91
12.51
20 4,636
4.9
49.5
40.2
81.2
.351
17.37
14.10
Total...
Bobbin driers, male:
District 1.............
District 2_______
District 3_______
Total..
Cake driers, male:
Districts 1 and 3..
District 2.............
Total..
Total__
male:
Spoolers, female:
District 2___
District 3 . . .
Total..
Twisters and throwers, male:
District 2...........................
District 3...........................
Total..
Twisters and throwers, female:
District 1...........................
District 2_______________
District 3...........................
Total..
Beelers and lacers, female:
District 1......................
District 2......................
District 3.......................
Total..
Winders, cone, quill, cop, or
bobbin, male:
District 2 ...........................
District 3............................
Total.........................
}Data included in total.
2
8
77
936
4.6
5.2
48.0
50.2
37.6
43.2
78.3
86.1
.594
.336
28.51
16.87
22.35
14.52
10
1,013
5.2
50.0
42.7
85.4
.354
17.70
15.11
19
BATON, ETC., TARN MANUFACTURING, 1930
A.— Average number of days .on which employees worked, average full-time
and actual hours and earnings per week, average earnings per hour, and per cent
of full time worked, 1930, by occupation, sex, and district— Continued
T a b le
Occupation, sex, and district
Winders, cone, quill, cop, or
bobbin, female:
District 1............................
District 2____ ___________
District 3___ . . ___ ___ ___
Total................................
Num
ber of
estab
lish
ments
Aver
age
Num num
ber of ber of
wage days
earners worked
in 1
week
Per
Aver Aver
age
cent of
age
full
hours
full
actu
time
time
ally
hours
hours worked
actu
per
in 1
ally
week
week worked
Aver
age
earn
ings
per
hour
Aver
age
full
time
earn
ings
per
week
Aver
age
actual
earn
ings in
1
week
123
628
1,651
5.2
5.2
5.5
53.2
48.3
47.8
46.1
40.8
45.8
86.7
84.5
95.8
$0.326
.423
.301
$17.34
20.43
14.39
$15.05
17.27
13.80
17 2,402
5.4
48.2
44.5
92.3
.332
16.00
14.78
4
5
8
Skein washers and bleachers,
male:
District 1____ — _________
District 2________________
District 3________________
5
6
8
90
168
607
6.1
5.4
5.3
50.7
51.2
51.8
56.2
47.1
45.2
110.8
92.0
87.3
.423
.594
.469
21.45
30.41
24.29
23.75
27.94
21.22
Total_________ . _______
19
865
5.4
51.5
46.7
90.7
.488
25.13
22.79
Skein driers, male:
District 1________________
District 2________________
District 3_______________
4
4
7
10
44
127
5.6
5.2
5.5
51.9
49.0
49.3
55.8
43.0
46.0
107.5
87.8
93.3
.401
.540
.429
20.81
26.46
21.15
22.39
23.25
19.74
Total................................
15
181
5.4
49.4
45.8
92.7
.453
22.38
20.74
Skein driers, female:
District 1_______ ________
District 2_________ . _____
District 3________________
3
4
5
11
67
222
4.0
4.5
4.7
48.5
48.0
48.9
32.5
33.5
38.9
67.0
69.8
79.6
.359
.392
.350
17.41
1&82
17.12
11.68
13.14
13.63
12
300
4.6
48.7
37.5
77.0
.359
17.48
13.45
5
6
9
146
512
1,611
5.0
5.1
5.1
50.0
47.0
49.4
43.3
39.4
41.4
86.6
83.8
83.8
.340
.426
.317
17.00
20.02
15.66
14. 72
16.78
13.14
Total_________________
Skein inspectors, female:
District 1_______________
District 2________________
District 3_______________ •
20
2,269
5.1
48.9
41.1
84.0
.342
16.72
14.06
Cone inspectors, female:
District 1_______________
District 2_______________
District 3________________
4
5
9
22
62
136
5.1
5.6
5.7
52.2
46.7
48.3
45.3
42.6
48.7
86.8
91.2
100.8
.313
.430
.318
16.34
20.08
15.36
14.17
18.29
15.47
Total________ _________
18
220
5.6
48.3
46.6
96.5
.346
16.71
16.13
Wrappers and packers, male:
District 1_______________
District 2............ .............. .
District 3________________
2
5
7
7
72
127
5.6
5.7
5.5
51.4
47.5
51.8
50.0
48.3
46.9
97.3
101.7
90.5
.389
.607
.434
19.99
28.83
22.48
19.49
29.29
20.34
14
206
5.6
50.3
47.5
94.4
.494
24.85
23.44
5
6
9
22
105
216
5.0
4.6
&1
50.8
47/9
49.5
44.0
36.2
42.3
86.6
75.6
85.5
.353
.395
.313
17.93
18.92
15.49
15.53
14.31
13.24
Total_________________
Total_________________
Wrappers and packers, female:
District 1_______________
District 2_______________
District 3________________
Total_________________
20
343
4.9
49.1
40.5
82.5
.338
16.60
13.72
Truckers and handlers, male:
District 1_______________
District 2_______________
District 3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
5
6
10
51
300
1,058
5.6
&4
5.5
51.1
47.9
51.3
51.0
43.6
46.9
99.8
91.0
91.4
.339
.479
.342
17.32
22.94
17.54
17.28
20.87
16.04
Total_________________
21
1,409
5.5
50.5
46.3
91.7
.369
18.63
17.11
1
(*)
4
District
212
2
94
0
5.0
5.5
48.2
51.7
0)
0)
40.7
48.1
0)
84.4
93.0
0)
.393
.224
0)
18.94
11.58
0
15.98
10.81
112
5.5
51.4
47.4
92.2
.244
12.54
11.57
Truckers and handlers, female:'*
District 1_______________
_______________
District 3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Tota*_______ ___ . . . ___
1Data included in total
7
20
WAGES AND HOURS OP LABOR
A.— Average number of days on which employees worked, average full-time
and actual hours and earnings per week, average earnings per hourt and per cent
of full time worked, 1980, by occupation, sex, and district— Continued
T a b le
Occupation, sex, and district
Num
ber of
estab
lish
ments
Per,
Aver Aver Aver
cent of
age
age
age
full
hours
Num num
full
actu
time
ber of ber of
time
hours
wage days
ally
actu
worked
earners worked hours
per
ally
in 1
in 1
week
week worked
week
Aver
age
earn
ings
per
hour
Aver
age
full
time
earn
ings
per
week
Aver
age
actual
earn
ings in
1
week
Laborers, male:
District 1________________
District 2________________
District 3____ ____ _______
5
6
10
46
237
554
6.0
5.6
5.5
50.7
48.5
52.9
55.4
48.4
47.9
109.3
99.8
90.5
$0,466
.523
.332
$23.63
25.37
17.56
$25.81
25.32
15.88
Total................................
21
837
5.6
51.6
48.4
93.8
.394
20.33
19.10
5
226
6 1,548
10 3,870
0.1
5.8
5.6
51.5
49.0
52.3
56.9
48.3
48.9
110.5
98.6
93.5
.559
.679
.499
28.79
33.27
26.10
31.81
32.78
24.41
Other employees, male:
District 1............................
District 2________________
District 3__________ ____ _
Total................................
21
5,644
5.7
51.3
49.1
95.7
.550
28.22
27.00
Other employees, female:
District 1______ _________
District 2______ ________
District 3________________
5
6
10
16
106
452
4.9
5.4
5.6
49.5
47.7
50.6
42.9
44.3
46.9
86.7
92.9
92.7
.362
.425
.302
17.92
20.27
15.28
15.54
18.81
14.13
Total................................
21
574
5.5
50.0
46.3
92.6
.325
16.25
15.03
All employees, male:
District 1_______________
District 2....... ....................
District 3_________ ______
861
5
6 4,415
10 13,467
5.9
5.6
5.5
50.7
49.9
51.5
51.7
46.8
46.3
102.0
93.8
89.9
.508
.657
.453
25.76
32.78
23.33
26.26
30.75
20.99
Total................................
21 18,743
5.6
51.1
46.7
91.4
.504
25.75
23.53
All employees, female:
District 1_______________
District 2 ..______________
District 3_______________
5
837
6 3,482
10 9,230
5.2
5.1
5.2
50.8
47.5
49.4
45.0
39.4
43.2
88.6
82.9
87.4
.357
.447
.307
18.14
21.23
15.17
16.04
17.62
13.26
Tot^l................................
21 13,549
5.2
49.0
42.3
86.3
.344
16.86
14.55
All employees, both sexes:
District 1_______________
District 2_________ ______
District 3_______________
5 1,698
6 7,897
10 22,697
5.6
5.4
5.4
50.7
48.9
50.6
48.4
43.5
45.0
95.5
89.0
88.9
.439
.573
.396
22.26
28.02
20.04
21.22
24.96
17.84
Total_________________
21 32,292
5.4
50.2
44.8
89.2
.441
22.14
19.76
T a b le B .— Average and classified earnings per hour, 1980, by occupation, sex, and district
[District 1: Connecticut, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, and Rhode Island; District 2: Delaware, New York, Ohio, and Pennsylvania; District 3: Georgia, Maryland, North
Carolina, Tennessee, and Virginia]
Chemical-building workers, male:
District 1................................ .
District 2________ . . . . _____
District 3___ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
21
Num Aver
age
ber of earn
wage ings
12, 14,
un un
earn
per der
ers
hour 14 der
16
414
1.522
.672
.481
.527
15
63
151
.569
.749
.527
Total....................................
20,
45, 50, 55,
un un un un
der der der der
55 60
65
50
un
der
25
102
19
Total.....................................
229
195
1,057
3,107
.540
.737
.504
14
Total.....................................
4,359
.564
14
Spinners, female:
District 3................................ .
163
.310
Machine cleaners, male:
District 1..................................
District 2__________________
District 3_______. . . . ___ _—
9
47
164
.493
.586
.423
220
.458
Total______________ _____ _
16
Total......... .
147
187
161
247
127
44
31
20
46
41
474
535
744
11
40
20
29
11
49
524
322
254
559
405
365
105
31
31
54
15
25
23
100, 110
un
der and
110 over
11
25
.555
194
25
.513
.700
.467
19
27
182
12
Spinners, male:
District 1................................ .
District 2__________________
District 3_____________ ——
Spinneret cleaners, male:
District 1..................................
District 2__________________
District 3___ . . . . . . . . . . . . . —
102
70, 75, 80, 85, 90,
un un un un un
der der der der der
75 80
85
90 95
15
MANUFACTXJRING, 1930
1,782
Spinning-bath men, male:
District 1................. ...............
District 2__________________
District 3__________________
Number of employees whose earnings (in cents) per hour were—
KAYON, ETC., TABN
Occupation, sex, and district
Num
ber of
estab
lish
ments
20
20
to
T a b l e B . — Average and classified earnings per hour, 1930, by occupation, sex, and district— Continued
Number of employees whose earnings (in cents) per hour were—
Occupation, sex, and district
ber of ber of age
estab wage earn
lish earn ings
per
ments ers
hour
12, 14, 16, 18, 20, 25, 30, 35, 40, 45, 50, 55, 60, 65, 70, 75, 80, 85, 90, 95, 100,
un un un un un un un un un un un un un un un un un un un un un 110
der der der der der der der der der der der der der der der der der der der der der and
18 20
14
16
35
25 30
40 45
55
50
65
75
85
60
70
80
90 95 100 110 over
5
34 $0.298
IHter cleaners, male:
District 1_________ ___________
District 2_____________________
District 3____________________
5
6
7
14
41
79
.468
.624
.373
28
6
2
14
15
1
1
1
3
6
18
4
Total.........................................
18
134
.457
28
6
18
Filter cleaners, female:
District 2________ ________ ____
District 3_____________________
2
3
7
21
.403
.286
1
11
9
6
1
===53
7
4
5
14
1
10
1
6
1
3
16
1
7
13
23
12
7
3
16 1
1
7
Total.......................... ..............
5
28
.313
12
9
7
Bobbin washers.- male:
District 1_____ _______________
District 2______ ___ ___________
District 3______ ______________
2
2
5
55
104
284
.531
.617
.386
77
70
19
5
4
2
18
6
52
7
26
76
13
2
50
1
7
Total____________ __________
9
443
.463
7
77
70
83
65
28
20
58
33
1
Cake washers, male:
Districts 1 and 3 1_____________
District 2_____________________
2
4
83
81
.403
.577
1
47
30
5
21
25
26
9
Total______________________
6
164
.487
1
47
30
5
21
25
26
9
Cake wringers, male:
Districts 2 and 3 1.......................
3
82
.449
1
2
72
2
1
1
1
2
2
1
5
9
1
4
6
9
—
==s= ----
-- --- =
Bobbin driers, male:
District 1_____ _______________
District 2_____________________
District 3____________ ________
2
2
5
8
16
53
.505
.639
.379
1
16
14
16
6
Total.........................................
9
77
.452
1
16
14
16
10
4
1
1
1
2
1
j
-----~ = =
sr==BS
=
WAGES AND HOURS OF LABOR
Spinneret cleaners, female:
District 3............................. ........
Cake driers, male:
Districts 1 and 3 4_____________
District 2___ ___ — . . . . _______
2
3
19
15
.430
.560
2
15
2
8
1
3
3
Total_________. . . . . . . . . . ____
5
34 1 .490
2
15
2
8
1
3
3
Cake inspectors, male:
Districts 1, 2, and 3 1__________
3
34 1 .526
4
28
Cake inspectors, female:
Districts 1 and 3 1_____ _______
District 2_____________________
2
3
97
14
Total______________ ________
5
Pump testers, male:
District 1_____________ _______
District 2......................................
District 3......... ............................
5
6
10
14
27
106
2
2
38
3
53
3
4
4
1
1
4
41
56
8
1
1
.553
.661
. 455
12
12
8
36
5
3
24
3
4
7
-----
1
11
1
2
7
7
111 1 .346
i
1
-----.
L .
1
,
5
21
147
.501
1
12
12
9
36
32
14
10
12
2
3
523
.508
4
13
39 | 81
79
100
111
93
2
1
Twisters and throwers, male:
Districts 2 and 3 1.......................
6
722
.385
i
25
57
87
126 | 341
31
15
16
9
4
Twisters and throwers, female:
District 1......................................
District 2_____________ _______
District 3___ ___ ___ __________
2
2
8
113
353
1,368
.336
.465
.282
2
3
7
100 ! 272
42
1
501
27
5
251
26
6
215
18
47
14
274
2
17
1
3
7
100 ! 272
544
283
247
79
276
18
3
10
.... 1
Total.............. ..........................
12
1,834
.319
2
3
Heelers and lacers, female:
District 1....... ................ .............
District 2_____________________
District 3_____ __ ____________
5
6
9
374
1,279
2,983
.384
.446
.308
*6
11
108 262
1
3
591
17
30
254
76
92
366
132
217
598
115
271
402
22
352
362
10
212
21
1
59
1
33
1
7
1
1
1
26
11
108 262 i 595
301
534
947
788
736
243
61
34
7
1
1
1
Total_________________ _____
20
4,636
.351
Winders, cone, quill, cop, or bob
bin, male:
District 2_____________________
District 3___ . . . . . . __ _________
2
8
77
936
.594
.336
1
52
40
12
120
229
298
1
132
7
50
19
2
10
18
16
6
Total___ . . . . . . . __ . . . . . . ____
10
1,013
.354
1
52
40
12
120
229
298
133
57
21
10
18
16
6
iShown together to avoid presenting data for 1 establishment alone.
*2 at 10 and under 12 cents.
MANUFACTURING, 1930
Total______________________
Spoolers, female:
Districts 2 and 3*.......................
RATON, ETC., TARN
.342
.380
1
T a b l e B .— Average and classified earnings per hour, 1980, by occupation, sex, and district— Continued
Occupation, sex, and district
Num
ber of
estab
lish
ments
District 3__.__________________
4
5
8
Total.........................................
Skein washers and bleachers, male:
District 1
District 2
District 3.....................................
Total
123 $0,326
.423
628
1,651
.301
3
11
17
88
1 38
1 63
200 657
57
95
230
19
109
220
8
125 ! 80
120 58
17
2,402
.332
3
11
17
88
202 758
382
348
253
5
90
168
607
.423
.594
.469
52
8
3
15
27
19
865
.488
3
15
Q
34
14
19
2
9
1
4
138
119
48
21
10
4
12
20
77
8
5
227
10
10
146
5
22
102
1
33
8
2
44
2
34
79
109
240
166 .129
6
1
3
5
1
2
16
9
42
34
48 -------
5
28
1
4
20
19
33
5
20
2
77
24
1
33
18
7
6
3
3
2
1
2
437
103
52
13
6
3
2
14
1
15
3
5
3
1
4
4
7
10
44
127
.401
.540
.429
8
14
25
2
13
27
Total.........................................
15
181
.453
8
14
31
42
Skein driers, female;
T)i^t.riot 1
"District 2
District 3.....................................
3
4
5
11
67
222
.359
392
.350
10
2
5
42
1
2
3
4
21
162
4
41
3
12
300
.359
2
10
49
4
187
48
District 3.....................................
5
0
9
146
512
1,611
.340
.426
.317
4
89
1 23
3
9
230 218
43
20
399
56
60
498
20
298
119
Total.........................................
20
2,269
.342
4
89
234
250
462
614
4
5
22
62
.313
.430
2
15
3
8
6
8
Total......................................... •
Cone inspectors, female:
District 2.....................................
60, 65, 70, 75, 80, 85, 90, 95, 100,
un un un un un un un un un 110
der der der der der der der der der and
85
75
80
90 95 100 110 over
65
70
89
30
Skein driers, male.
T)iQtrir>t 1
DitfriVt 2
District 3.....................................
Skein inspectors, female:
Dkfrlpf 1
(in cents) per hour were—
...- , ,. , —- ■ — ■■ ■■■ =====----—
WAGES AND HOUBS OF LAB OB
Winders, cone, quill, cop, or bob
bin, female:
Number of employees whose earnings
Num Aver
age
ber of earn
12, 14, 16, 18, 20, 25, 30, 35, 40, 45, 50, 55,
wage ings
un un un un un un un un un un un un
earn
per
der der der der der der der der der der der
ers
hour der
60
55
50
45
40
18 20 25 30 35
14
16
__ 1__
__ |__ __ |__
.....!........ ....... 1........
9
136
.318
2
21
20
31
38
13
11
__ j____
Total.........................................
18
220
.346
2
23
38
39
52
27
27
3 | 5
Wrappers and packers, male:
District 1......................................
District 2......................................
District 3_______________ _____
2
5
7
7
72
127
.389
.607
.434
5
1
27
4
1
17
1
3
24
2
4
8
10
24
11
8
12
6
16
6
7
2
7
5
28
22
28
14
34
19
18
22
9
7
District 3_____ .......__________
3
l!
14
206
.494
5
6
9
22
105
216
.353
.395
.313
4
21
3
15
54
6
5
43
4
24
66
9
52
26
1
5
1
4
4
21
72
54
94
87
1
6
4
4
3
46 “’ 45" 22
81 152 J 28
23
8
42
1
25
22
1
31
43
25
23
Total_______________________
20
343
.338
Trackers and handlers, male:
District 1.....................................
District 2_____________________
District 3.............. .......................
5
6
10
51
300
1,058
.339
.479
.342
1
10
47
9
17
320
20
36
178
15
22
231
1
10
47
346
234
268
131
197
53
21
1,409
.369
5
2
18
94
.355
.224
3
78
6
13
2
4
1
1
4
3
78
19
2
4
1
1
4
9
Total.........................................
7
112
.244
Laborers, male:
District 1.....................................
District 2-....................................
District 3.....................................
5
6
10
46
237
554
.466
.523
.332
2
201
9
13
9
12
40
3
4
114
4
2
9
4
7
4
1
59
10
50
145
3
123
Total.........................................
21
837
.394
2
201
123
68
205
31
55
122
15
11
3
1
Other employees, male:
District 1................... .................
District 2_____________________
District 3___ . _______________
5
6
10
226
1,548
3,870
.559
.679
.499
5
7
10
59
1
1
173
10
3
276
9
1
385
24
53
382
22
31
538
37
132
459
38
179
403
43
301
403
17
216
311
6
167
205
144
190
7
67
34
1
94
10
3
63
12
17
1
1
67
6
12
1
Total.......................................
Other employees, female:
District 1......................................
District 2_____ . . . . . ___________
District 3____ . . . . . . ___ _______
21
5,644
.550
5
7
10
59
175
289
395
459
591
628
620
747
544
378
341
108
105
78
18
74
13
5
6
10
16
106
452
.362
.425
.302
1
3
7
83
2
19
97
3
5
190
7
17
44
2
15
20
11
3
2
35
3
2
1
1
1
Total.........................................
21
574
.325
1
3
7
83
118
198
68
37
14
40
2
2
1
1 Shown together to avoid presenting data for 1 establishment alone.
7
MANUFACTURING, 1930
Total.........................................
Truckers and handlers, female:
Districts 1 and 2
...................
District 3________________ ____
RAYON, ETC., YARN
Total.........................................
Wrappers and packers, female:
District 1................. ...................
District 2______ ______________
District 3__ _______ ___________
««*«■
to
<3>
T a b l e C.— Average and classified full-time hours per week, 1980, by occupation, sex, and district
(District 1: Connecticut, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, and Rhode Island, District 2: Delaware, New York, Ohio, and Pennsylvania; District 3: Georgia, Maryland, North
Carolina, Tennessee, and Virginia]
Num
ber of
Occupation, sex, and district
lishments
Num
ber of
wage
earn-
Chemical-building workers, male:
District 1.................................
District 2__________ ____ ___
District 3__________________
414
50.4
54.9
53.4
Total....................................
1,782
53.6
Spinning-bath men, male:
District 1........ ........................
District 2........... ...... ........... . .
District 3__________________
15
63
151
51.6
50.3
50.8
Total....................................
229
50.7
Spinners, male:
District 1__________ ________
District 2__________________
District 3.................................
195
1,057
3,107
49.7
50.1
49.8
Total....................................
99
21
163
48.0 I
Machine cleaners, male:
District 1.................................
District 2__________________
District 3__________________
9
47
164
49.3
48.8
52.4
220
51.5
Spinneret cleaners, male:
District 1__________________
District 2.................................
16
44
44y2
45
Over
45
and
un
der 48
15
58 I
51.2
50.5
48
Over
48
and
un
der 50
50
Over
50
and
un
der 54
54
25
400
29
15
4,359 | 49.9 L
Spinners, female.
District 3.................................
Total....................................
Number of employees whose full-time hours per week were—
56
55
27
357
26
493
1,210
151
73
154
768
2,391
10
41
274
705
3,313
10
1 1,020
163
25
56
39
34
8
35
8 I
52
Over
56
and
un
der 60
69 to
72,
inclu
sive
WAGES AND HOURS OF LABOR
Aver
age
full
time 43H
hours and
un
per
week der 44
District 3.......................................................................
8
88
S2.0
47
34
7
Total_________________________________________
19
161
51.4
96
58
7
Spinneret cleaners, female:
District 3_____________________________ ___ ____
5
34
50.9
4
Filter cleaners, male:
District 1.......................................................................
District 2________________ ______________________
District 3________________ _____ ____ _____ _______
5
6
7
14
41
79
49.7
50.8
54.6
10
18
3
31
2
12
13
----
4
44
3
32
48
35
RATON, ETC., TARN
20
3
18
134
52.9
2
3
7
21
48.1
53.0
6
Total____________________ _______________ _____
5
28
51.7
6
Bobbin washers, male:
District 1_______________________________________
District 2_______________________________________
District 3 _ ....................................................................
2
2
5
55
104
284
49.9
49.8
50.1
42
80
208
2
13
24
74
2
111 |
4
4
Total...........................................................................
9
443
50.0
330
Cake washers, male.
Districts 1 and 3 *..........................................................
District 2......................................................................
2
4
83
81
56.0
52.0
41
20
1
1
6
11
6
11
83 1
40
Total_________________________________________
6
164
54.0
41
123
Cake wringers, male:
Districts 2 and 3 1.........................................................
3
82
55.6
4
78
Bobbin driers, male:
District 1..................................................... .................
District 2______________ ____ ____________________
District 3__...................................................................
2
2
5
8
16
53
52.0
56.0
51.0
4
33
4
16
20
Total...........................................................................
9
77
52.2
Cake driers, male:
Districts 1 and 3 1.........................................................
District 2_______________________________________
2
3
19
15
56.0
54.4
3
Total_________________________________________
5
34
55.3
3
*Shown together to avoid presenting data for 1 establishment alone.
_____= = .-- ■
■ •
37
___ ___
40
19
12
1
31
___
MANUFACTURING, 1930
Total...........................................................................
Filter cleaners, female:
District 2_______________ ____ ____ ____ __ _______
District 3____________________________ ____ ______
T a b l e C.— Average and classified full-time hours per week, 1980, by occupation, sex, and district— Continued
Number of employees whose full-time hours per week were—
Aver
age
full
time 43H
hours and
per
un
week der 44
Num
ber of
wage
earn
ers
3
34
55.3
2
3
97
14
49.9
48.6
5
111
49.8
5
6
10
14
27
106
50.7
50.5
53.8
5
13
1
2
District 3........................................................................
Total...........................................................................
21
147
52.9
19
2
Spoolers, female:
Districts 2 and 3 1..........................................................
3
523
45.6
Twisters and throwers, male:
'Ttic+i»fs»+c 9
Q1
6
722
49.7
457
76
2
2
8
113
353
1,368
50.8
48.5
49.9
12
1,834
49.7
5
6
9
374
1,279
2,983
50.2
47.2
50.4
381
121
502
Cake inspectors, male:
Cake inspectors, female:
Total
Pump testers, male:
1 cf«*lnf 1
Twisters and throwers, female:
Tlicirinf 1
T)ictri/>f 9
Reelers and lacers, female:
Dfctrint i
District 3........................................................................
Total...........................................................................
Winders, cone, quill, cop, or bobbin, male:
20
4,636
49.5
2
77
48.0
44
===== =
45
44y2
B = =
Over
45
and
un
der 48
--------
152
186
—
2
r-r-r =,
6
I'..
I
50
Over
50
and
un
der 54
55
10
10
=■=;=
56
Over
56
and
un
der 60
60
31
===== =====
===== -------- -------- =
69 to
72,
inclu
sive
=
93
93
4
4
i- —=
..
9
30
49
18
3
8
39
54
18
11
j-.i : =sa
==■?" —;
5
313
189
40
152
217
270
192
217
313
89
610
145
110
281
178
903
707
554
610
536 1,081
841
554
77
„
--, --- -
--- ■ ■II-.—-
24
89
270
|
54
185
-
—___
Over
48
and
un
der 50
3
4
2
2
r • ■ i .i:.. :
48
292
239
198
292
263
198
95
134
95
_
L
244
173
244
173
_
...r
WAGES AND HOURS OF LABOR
Num
ber of
estab
lish
ments
Occupation, sex, and district
*0
District 3.
Total..........
Winders, cone, quill, cop, or bobbin, female:
District 1.....................................................
District 2_____________________________
District 3................................................... .
504 i 123
45
186
78
50.0
581 j 123
45
186
78
123
628
1,651
53.2
48.3
47.8
17
2,402
48.2
Skein washers and bleachers, male:
District 1.....................................
District 2____ __________ _____
District 3...... ...... .......................
90
168
607
50.7
51.2
51.8
Total.
865
51.5
Skein driers, male:
District 1_____
District 2_____
District 3_____
10
127
51.9
49.0
49.3
Total .
181
44
T otal.
11
12
Skein inspectors, female:
District 1 .._________
District 2---------------District 3____ ______
Total-
20
Cone inspectors, female:
District 1..................
District 2__________
District 3____ . . ___
Total-
143
101
178
788
17
101
19
109
201
118
48.5
48.0
48.9
55
300
48.7
55
146
512
1.611
50.0
47.0
49.4
189
296
2,269
48.9
485
18
141
141
13
62
205
"185“ ’ le"
199
267
23
3
67
22
137
177
177
3
10
"l5"
222
62
136
259
52.2
46.7
48.3
34
48.3
34
18
8
178
12
28
14
186
12
28
245
79
29
183
49
416
278~
234
245
291
465
305
234
22
56
19
22
27
40
111
40
93
13
15
20
19
15
23
22
111
MANUFACTURING, 1930
Skein driers, female:
District 1----------District 2----------District 3........ .....
598
5 i.........
325 1 259
458 .........
17
178
BATON, ETC., YARN
Total.
50.2 |
1,013
936
10
13
1 Shown together to avoid presenting data for 1 establishment alone,
1C
T able C.— Average and classified full-time hours per week, 1930, by occupation, sex, and district— Continued
Occupation, sex, and district
Total.............................. ............................................
Wrappers and packers, female:
Pimtrictf 1
Number of employees whose full-time hours per week were—
Num
ber of
wage
earn
ers
2
5
7
7
72
127
51.4
47.5
51.8
12
50
3
4
20
6
14
206
50.3
12 |
50
27
5
44M
45
Over
45
and
un
der 48
48
Over
48
and
un
der 50
50
Over
50
and
un
der 54
54
55
56
Over
56
and
un
der 60
37
14
6
6
50
41
14
6
8
7
6
22
105
216
50.8
47.9
49.5 ......... .........
18
9
23
71
9
7
9
3
16
85
31
15
15
26
Total...........................................................................
20
343
49.1
18
32
71
19
101
38
15
8
15
26
5
51
300
1,058
51.1
47.9
51.3
79
6
41
14
114
218
47
99
261
91
16,
1
83
77
3
18
198
9
85
41
346
146
279
91
77
219
9
15
79
15
79
6
3
15
13
17
82
44
156
24
18
112
44
156
24
Truckers and handlers, male:
District 1
District 2
District 3_______ . .
. _________________ ______
6
10
8
8
8
21
1,409
50.5
5
2
18
94
50.1
51.7
2
4
6
..........................................................
7
112
51.4
2
4
6
5
District 2
District 3—---------------------------------------------------------
46
237
554
50.7
48.5
52.9
92
10
116
10
21
837
51.6
92
126
Total____
__
______________ ___________
Truckers and handlers, female:
Districts 1 and 2 ^
District 3...
..
... . . . . . . . . ... . .
Total............
Laborers, male:
Total__________ ____
___ -
-------------------------
6
8
69 to
72,
inclu
sive
4
50
District 3 ................................ ......................................................
D is tr ic t 9
60
WAGES AND HOTJBS OP LABOB
Wrappers and packers, male:
Aver
age
full
time
43K
hours and
44
un
per
week der 44
Num
ber of
estab
lish
ments
18
23
9
151
160
82*
105
100
6
22LJIUSM
Other employees, male:
District 1__________
District 2__________
District 3__________
5
6
10
21
Other employees, female:
District 1___________
District 2___________
District 3________
10
Total.
5
6
61
609
495
1
60
429
658
626
490
3
18
50
30
125”
145
16
31
80
128
145
19
577
577 1,165
61.3
36
35
16
106
452
49.6
47.7
sa 6
47
30
4
674
50.0
47
34
23
84
104
497
567
35
6,644
Shown together to avoid presenting data for 1 establishment alone
10
65
685
21
419
419
90
687
8
180
62
15
188
52
15
3
MANOTACTTJRING, 1930
61.6
49.0
62.3
RATON, ETC., TARN
Total_____________
1,648
3,870
09
LIST OF BULLETINS OF THE BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS
The following is a list of all bulletins of the Bureau of Labor Statistics published since July,
1912, except that in the case of bulletins giving the results of periodic surveys of the bureau
only the latest bulletin on any one subject is here listed.
A complete list of the reports and bulletins issued prior to July, 1912, as well as the bulletins
published since that date, will be furnished on application. Bulletins marked thus (*) are
out of print.
Conciliation and arbitration (including strikes and lockouts).
♦No. 124. Conciliation and arbitration in the building trades of Greater New York. [1913.]
*No. 133. Report of the industrial council of the British Board of Trade on its inquiry into industrial
agreements. [1913.]
No. 139. Michigan copper district strike. [1914.]
•No. 144. Industrial court of the cloak, suit, and skirt industry of New York City. [1914.]
•No. 145. Conciliation, arbitration, and sanitation in the dress and waist industry of New York
City. [1914.]
•No. 191. Collective bargaining in the anthradte-coal industry. [1916.]
•No. 198. Collective agreements in the men’s clothing industry. [1916.]
No. 233. Operation of the industrial disputes investigation act of Canada. [1918.]
No. 255. Joint industrial councils in Great Britain. [1919.]
No. 283. History of the Shipbuilding Labor Adjustment Board, 1917 to 1919.
No. 287. National War Labor Board: History of its formation, activities, etc. |1921.]
•No. 303. Use of Federal power in settlement of railway labor disputes. [1922.]
No. 341. Trade agreement in the silk-ribbon industry of New York City. [1923.]
No. 402. Collective bargaining by actors. [1926.]
No. 468. Trade agreements, 1927.
No. 481. Joint industrial control in the book and job printing industry. [1928.]
Cooperation.
No. 313.
No. 314.
No. 437.
•No. 531.
Consumers* cooperative societies in the United States in 1920.
Cooperative credit societies (credit unions) in America and in foreign countries.
Cooperative movement in the United States in 1925 (other than agricultural).
Consumers’, credit, and productive cooperative societies, 1929.
[1922.]
Employment and unemployment.
•No. 109. Statistics of unemployment and the work of employment offices in the United States.
[1913.1
•No. 172. Unemployment in New York City, N. Y. [1915.]
•No. 183. Regularity of employment in the women’s ready-to-wear garment industries. [1915.]
•No. 195. Unemployment m the United States. [1916.]
•No. 196. Proceedings of Employment Managers’ Conference, held at Minneapolis, Minn., January
19 and 20,1916.
•No. 202. Proceedings of the conference of Employment Managers’ Association of Boston, Mass.,
held May 10,1916.
•No. 206. The British system of labor exchanges. [1916.]
•No. 227. Proceedings of Employment Managers’ Conference, Philadelphia, Pa., April 2 and 3,1917.
•No. 235. Employment system of the Lake Carriers’ Association. [1918.]
♦No. 241. Public employment offices in the United States. [1918.]
•No. 247. Proceedings of Employment Managers’ Conference, Rochester, N. Y ., M ay 9-11,1918.
•No. 310. Industrial unemployment: A statistical study of its extent and causes. [1922.]
No. 409. Unemployment in Columbus, Ohio, 1921 to 1925.
No. 520. Social and economic character of unemployment in Philadelphia, April, 1929.
No. 542. Report of the advisory committee on employment statistics. [1931.J
No. 544. Unemployment benefit plans in the United States and unemployment insurance in foreign
countries. [1931.]
Foreign labor laws.
•No. 142.
No. 494.
No. 510.
No. 529.
Administration of labor laws and factory inspection in certain European countries.
Labor legislation of Uruguay. [1929.]
Lbor legislation of Argentina. [1930.]
Workmen’s compensation legislation of the Latin American countries. [1930.]
[1914.]
Government aid to home owning and housing of working people in foreign countries.
Housing by employers in the United States. [1920.]
Building operations in representative cities in 1920.
Building permits in the principal cities of the United States in [1921 to] 1930.
[1914.]
Housing.
•No. 158.
No. 263.
No. 295.
No. 545.
Industrial accidents and hygiene.
•No. 104. Lead poisoning in potteries, tfle works, and porcelain-enameled sanitary ware factories
No. 120.
•No. 127.
•No. 141.
•No. 157.
•No. 165.
•No. 179.
No. 188.
•No. 201.
•No. 209.
•No. 219.
No. 221.
No. 230.
Hygiene of painters7 trade. [1913.1
Dangers to workers from dusts ana fumes, and methods of protection. [1913.]
Lead poisoning in the smelting and refining of lead. [1914.J
Industrial accident statistics. [1915.]
Le«d poisoning in the manufacture of storage batteries. [1914.]
Industrial poisons used in the rubber industry. [1915.]
Report of British departmental committee on the danger in the use of lead in the painting of
buildings. [1916.]
Report of the committee on statistics and compensation insurance cost of the International
Association of Industrial Accident Boards and Commissions. [1916.]
Hygiene of the printing trades. [1917.]
Industrial poisons used nr produced in thefmanufacture of explosives. [1917.]
Hours, fatigue, land health in British munition factories. [1917.] .
Industrial efficiency and fatigue in British munition factories. [1917.]
w
Industrial accidents and hygiene—Continued.
♦No. 231.
♦No. 234.
No. 236.
No. 249.
•No. 251.
No. 256.
No. 267.
No. 276.
♦No. 280.
♦No. 291.
No. 293.
No. 298.
No. 306.
No. 392.
No. 405.
No. 427.
No. 428.
No.
No.
No.
No.
No.
460.
466.
488.
490.
507.
Mortality from respiratory diseases in dusty trades (inorganic dusts). [1918.]
The safety movement in the iron and steel industry, 1907 to 1917.
Effects of the air hammer on the hands of stonecutters. [1918.]
Industrial health and efficiency. Final report of British Health of Munition Workers’
Committee. [1919.]
Preventable death in the cotton-manufacturing industry. [1919.]
Accidents and aceidont prevention in machine building. [1919.]
Anthrax as an occupational disease. [1920.]
Standardization of industrial acddent statistics. [1920.]
Industrial poisoning in making coal-tar dyes and dye intermediates. [1921.]
Carbon monoxide poisoning. [1921.]
The problem of dust phthisis in the granite-stone industry. [1922.]
Causes and prevention of accidents in the iron and steel industry, 1910-1919.
Occupation hazards and diagnostic signs: A guide to impairments to be looked for in hazard
ous occupations. [1922.]
Survey of hygienic conditions in the printing trades. [1925.]
Phosphorus necrosis in the manufacture of fireworks and in the preparation of phosphorus.
[1926.]
Health survey of the printing trades, 1922 to 1925.
Proceedings of the Industrial Accident Prevention Conference, held at Washington, D. G „
July 14-16, 1926.
A new test for industrial lead poisoning. [1928.]
Settlement for accidents to American seamen. [1928.]
Deaths from lead poisoning, 1925-1927.
Statistics of industrial accidents in the United States to the end of 1927.
Causes of death, by occupation. [1929.]
Industrial relations and labor conditions.
No.
No.
No.
No.
No.
No.
No.
No.
No.
237.
340.
349.
361.
380.
383.
384.
399.
534.
Industrial unrest in Great Britain. [1917.]
Chinese migrations, with special reference to labor conditions. [1923.]
Industrial relations in the West Coast lumber industry. [1923.]
Labor relations in the Fairmont (W. Va.) bituminous-coal field. [1924.]
Postwar labor conditions in Germany. [1925.]
Works council movement in Germany. [1925.]
Labor conditions in the shoe industry in Massachusetts, 1920-1924.
Labor relations in the lace and lace-curtain industries in the United States, [1925.]
Labor conditions in the Territory of Hawaii, 1929-1930.
Labor laws of the United States (including decisions of courts relating to labor).
No.
No.
No.
No.
No.
No.
No.
No.
No.
No.
211.
229.
285.
321.
322.
343.
370.
408.
517.
528.
Labor laws and their administration in the Pacific States. [1917.]
Wage-payment legislation in the United States. [1917.]
Minimum wage laws of the United States: Construction and operation. [1921.]
Labor laws that have been declared unconstitutional. [1922.]
Kansas Court of Industrial Relations. [1923.]
Laws providing for bureaus of labor statistics, etc. [1923.]
Labor laws of the United States with decisions of courts relating thereto. [1925.
Laws relating to payment of wages. [1926.]
Decisions of courts and opinions affecting labor, 1927-1928.
Labor legislation, 1929.
Proceedings o f annual conventions of the Association of Governmental Officials in Industry of the United
States and Canada. (Name changed in 1928 from Association of Governmental Labor Officials o f th«
United States and Canada.)
♦No. 266.
No. 307.
♦No. 323.
♦No. 352.
♦No. 389.
♦No. 411.
♦No. 429.
♦No. 455.
♦No. 480.
No. 508.
No. 530.
Seventh, Seattle, Wash., July 12-15,1920.
Eighth, New Orleans, La., May 2-6,1921.
Minth, Harrisburg, Pa., May 22-26,1922.
Tenth, Richmond, Va., May 1-4, 1923.
Eleventh, Chicago, 111., May 19-23,1924.
Twelfth, Salt Lake City, Utah, August 13-15, 1925.
Thirteenth, Columbus, Ohio, June 7-10,1926.
Fourteenth, Paterson, N. J., May 31 to June 3,1927.
Fifteenth, New Orleans, La., May 21-24,1928.
Sixteenth, Toronto, Canada, June 4-7, 1929.
Seventeenth, Louisville, Ky., May 20-23,1930.
Proceedings of annual meetings of the International Association of Industrial Accident Boards and
Commissions.
No. 210.
No. 248.
No. 264.
♦No. 273.
No. 281.
No. 304.
No. 333.
♦No. 359.
No. 385.
No. 395.
No. 406.
No. 432.
♦No. 456.
No. 485.
No. 511.
No. 536.
Third, Columbus, Ohio, April 25-28,1916.
Fourth, Boston, Mass., August 21-25,1917.
Fifth, Madison, Wis., September 24-27, 1918.
Sixth, Toronto, Canada, September 23-26, 1919.
Seventh, San Francisco. Calif., September 20-24, 1920.
Eighth, Chicago, 111., September 19-23, 1921.
Ninth, Baltimore, Md., October 9-13, 1922.
Tenth, St. Paul, Minn., September 24-26, 1923.
Eleventh, Halifax, Nova Scotia, August 26-28, 1924.
Index to proceedings, 1914-1924.
Twelfth, Salt Lake City, Utah, August 17-20, 1925.
Thirteenth, Hartford, Conn., Septe nber 14-17, 1926.
Fourteenth, Atlanta, Ga., Septe mber 27-29, 1927.
Fifteenth, Paterson, N. J., Septe nber 11—14, 1928.
Sixteenth, Buffalo, N. Y., October 8-11, 1929.
Seventeenth, Wilmington, Del., September 22-26,1900.
Proceedings of annual meetings of the International Association of Public Employment Services.
No. 192. First, Chicago. Dece nber 19 and 20,1913; second, Indianapolis, September 24 and 25,1914;
third, Detroit, July 1 and 2,1915.
♦No. 220. Fourth, Buffalo, N. Y „ July 20 and 21,1916.
No. 311. Ninth, Buffalo, N. Y.,, Septk.i)t?er 7-9,1921.
Noi. 337. Tenth, Washington, D. Cv, September 11-13, 1922.
In]
Proceedings o f annual meetings o f the International Association o f Public Employment Services—Con.
No. 355. Eleventh, Toronto, Canada, September 4-7, 1923.
No. 400. Twelfth, Chicago, 111., May 19-23, 1924.
No. 414. Thirteenth, Rochester, N. Y., September 15-17, 1925.
No. 478. Fifteenth, Detroit, Mich., October 25-28,1927.
No. 501. Sixteenth, Cleveland, Ohio, September 18-21, 1928.
No. 538. Seventeenth, Philadelphia, September 24-27, 1929; eighteenth,Toronto, Canada, September
9-12, 1930.
Productivity o f labor.
No. 356. Productivity costs in the common-brick industry. [1924.]
No. 360. Time and labor costs in manufacturing 100 pairs of shoes, 1923.
No. 407. Labor cost of production and wages and hours of labor in the paper box-board industry.
[1926.]
•No. 412. Wages, hours, and productivity in the pottery industry, 1925.
No. 441. Productivity of labor in the glass industry. [1927.]
No. 474. Productivity of labor in merchant blast furnaces. [1928.]
No. 475. Productivity of labor in newspaper printing. [1929.]
Retail prices and cost o f living.
♦No. 121. Sugar prices, from refiner to consumer. [1913.]
♦No. 130. Wheat and flour prices, from farmer to consumer. [1913.]
♦No. 164. Butter prices, from producer to consumer. [1914.1
No. 170. Foreign food prices as affected by the war. [1915.]
No. 357. Cost of living in the United States. [1924.]
No. 369. The use of cost-of-living figures in wage adjustments. [1925.]
No. 495. Retail prices, 1890 to 1928.
Safety codes.
♦No. 331. Code of lighting: Factories, mills, and other work places.
No. 336. Safety code for the protection of industrial workers in foundries.
No. 350. Rules governing the approval of headlighting devices for motor vehicles.
♦No. 351. Safety code for the construction,care, and use of ladders.
No. 375. Safety code for laundry machinery and operations.
No. 382. Code of lighting school buildings.
No. 410. Safety code for paper and pulp mills.
♦No. 430. Safety code for power presses and foot and hand presses.
No. 433. Safety codes for the prevention of dust explosions.
No. 447. Safety code for rubber mills and calenders.
No. 451. Safety code for forging and hot-metal stamping.
No. 463. Safety code for mechanical power-transmission apparatus—first revision.
No. 509. Textile safety code.
No. 512. Code for identification of gas-mask canisters.
No. 519. Safety code for woodworking plants, as revised 1930.
No. 527. Safety code for the use, care, and protection of abrasive wheels.
Vocational and workers* education.
♦No. 159. Short-unit courses for wage earners, and a factory school experiment. [1915.]
♦No. 162. Vocational education survey of Richmond, Va. [1915.1
♦No. 199. Vocational education survey of Minneapolis, Minn. [1917.]
No. 271. Adult working-class education in Great Britain and the United States. [1920.]
No. 459. Apprenticeship in building construction. [1928.]
Wages and hours o f labor.
♦No. 146. Wages and regularity of employment and standardization of piece rates in the dress and
waist industry of New York City. [1914.]
♦No. 147. Wages and regularity of employment in the cloak, suit, and skirt industry. [1914.]
No. 161. Wages and hours of labor in the clothing and cigar industries, 1911 to 1913.
No. 163. Wages and hours of labor in the building and repairing of steam railroad cars, 1907 to 1913.
♦No. 190. Wages and hours of labor in the cotton, woolen, and silk industries, 1907 to 1914.
No. 204. Street-railway employment in the United States. [1917.]
No. 218. Wages and hours of labor in the iron and steel industry, 1907 to 1915: With a glossary of
occupations.
No. 225. Wages and hours of labor in the lumber, millwork, and furniture industries, 1915.
No. 265. Industrial survey in selected industries in the United States, 1919.
No. 297. Wages and hours of labor in the petroleum industry, 1920.
No. 356. Productivity costs in the common-brick industry. [1924.]
No. 358. Wages and hours of labor in the automobile-tire industry, 1923.
No. 360. Time and labor costs in manufacturing 100 pairs of shoes, 1923.
No. 365. Wages and hours of labor in the paper and pulp industry, 1923.
No. 394. Wages and hours of labor in metalliferous mines, 1934.
No. 407. Labor cost of production and wages and hours of labor in the paper box-board industry
[1926.]
♦No. 412. wages, hours, and productivity in the pottery industry, 1925.
No. 416. Hours and earnings in anthracite and bituminous coal mining, 1922 and 1924.
No. 484. Wages and hours of labor of common street laborers, 1928.
No. 497. Wages and hours of labor in the lumber industry in the United States, 1928.
No. 498. Wages and hours of labor in the boot and shoe industry, 1910 to 1928.
No. 499. History of wages in the United States from colonial times to 1928.
No. 502. Wages and hours of labor in the motor-vehicle industry, 1928.
No. 503. Wages and hours of labor in the men's clothing industry, 1911 to 1928.
No. 504. Wages and hours of labor in the hosiery and underwear industries, 1907 to 1928.
No. 513. Wages and hours of labor in the iron and steel industry, 1929.
No. 514. Pennsylvania Railroad waga data. From Report of Joint Fact Finding Committee in wage
negotiations in 1927.
No. 516. Hours and earnings in bituminous-coal mining, 1929.
No. 522. Wages and hours of labor in foundries and machine shops, 1929.
No. 523. Hours apd earnings in the manufacture of airplanes and aircraft engines, 1929.
No. 525. Wages and h'ours of labor in the Portland cement industry, 1929.
Np. 526, W ^es and hewn* of &tyqr in the furniture industry, l&lp to;1929.
No. 532. Wages and hours of labor m the ‘cigarette manufacturing industry, 1930.
[mi
Wages and hoars of labor—Continued.
No.
No.
No.
No.
No.
No.
533.
534.
535.
537.
539.
540.
Wages and hours of labor in woolen and worsted goods manufacturing, 1910 to 1930.
Labor conditions in the Territory of Hawaii, 1929-1930.
Wages and hours of labor in the slaughtering and meat-packing industry, 1929.
Wages and hours of labor in the dyeing and finishing of textiles, 1930.
Wages and hours of labor in cotton goods manufacturing, 1910 to 1930.
Union scales of wages and hours of labor, May 15, 1930.
Welfare work.
♦No.
No.
♦No.
No.
123.
222.
250.
458.
Employers’ welfare work. [1913.]
Welfare work in British munition factories. [1917.]
Welfare work for employees in industrial establishments in the United States.
Health and recreation activities in industrial establishments, 1926.
[1919.]
Wholesale prices.
♦No.
No.
No.
No.
284.
453.
493.
543.
Index numbers of wholesale prices in the United States and foreign countries. [1921.]
Revised index numbers of wholesale prices, 1923 to July, 1927.
Wholesale prices, 1913 to 1928.
Wholesale pricss, 1930.
Women and children in industry.
No. 116. Hours, earnings, and duration of employment of wage-earning women in selected industries
in the District of Columbia. [1913.1
117. Prohibition of night work of young persons. [1913.]
118. Ten-hour maximum working-day for women and young persons. [1913.]
119. Working hours of women in the pea canneries of Wisconsin. [1913.]
122. Employment of women in power laundries in Milwaukee. [1913.]
160. Hours, earnings, and conditions of labor of women in Indiana mercantile establishments
and garment factories. [1914.]
♦No. 167. Minimum-wage legislation in the United States and foreign countries. [1915.]
♦No. 175. Summary of the report on condition of women and child wage earners in the United States.
*No.
•No.
No.
♦No.
♦No.
L1915-]
♦No. 176. Effect of minimum-wage determinations in Oregon. [1915.]
♦No. 180. The boot and shoe industry in Massachusetts as a vocation for women. [1915.]
♦No. 182. Unemployment among women in department and other retail stores of Boston, Mass.
[1916.]
No. 193. Dressmaking as a trade for women in Massachusetts. [1916.]
No. 215. Industrial experience of trade-school girls in Massachusetts. [1917.]
•No. 217. Effect of workmen’s compensation laws in diminishing the necessity of industrial employ
ment of women and children. [1918.]
•No. 223. Employment of women and juveniles in Great Britain during the war. [1917.J
No. 253. Women in the lead industries. [1919.]
No. 467. Minimum wage legislation in various countries. [1928.]
Workmen’s insurance and compensation (including laws relating thereto.)
♦No.
♦No.
No.
No.
*No.
♦No.
101.
102.
103.
107.
155.
212.
♦No. 243.
No.
No.
No.
No.
No.
301.
312.
379.
477.
496.
No. 529.
Care of tuberculous wage earners in Germany. [1912.]
British national insurance act, 1911.
Sickness*and accident insurance law in Switzerland. [1912.]
Law relating to insurance of salaried employees in Germany. [1913.]
Compensation for accidents to employees of the United States. [1914.]
Proceedings of the conference on social insurance called by the International Association
of Industrial Accident Boards and Commissions. Washington, D. C., December 5-9,
1916.
Workmen’s compensation legislation in the United States and foreign countries, 1917 and
1918.
Comparison of workmen’s compensation insurance and administration. [1922.]
National health insurance in Great Britain, 1911 fco 1921.
Comparison of workmen’s compensation laws of the United States as of January 1, 1925.
Public-service retirement systems. United States and Europe. [1929.]
Workmen’s compensation legislation of the United States and Canada as of January 1,1929
(With text of legislation enacted in 1927 and 1928.)
Workmen’s compensation legislation of the Latin American countries. [1930.]
Miscellaneous series.
♦No. 174. Subject index of the publications of the United States Bureau of Labor Statistics up to
May 1,1915.
No. 208. Profit sharing in the United States. [1916.]
No. 242. Food situation in central Europe, 1917.
No. 254. International labor legislation and the society of nations. [1919.]
No. 268. Historical survey of international action affecting labor. [1920.]
No. 282. Mutual relief associations among Government employees m Washington, D. C. [1921.]
No. 319. The Bureau of Labor Statistics: Its history, activities, and organization. [1922.1
No. 326. Methods of procuring and computing statistical information of the Bureau of Labor Sta
tistics. [1923.]
No. 342. International Seamen’s Union of America: A study of its history and problems. [1923.]
No. 346. Humanity in government. [1923.]
No. 372. Convict labor in 1923.
No. 386. Cost of American almshouses. [1925.]
No. 398. Growth of legal-aid work in the United States. [1926.]
No. 401. Family allowances in foreign countries. [1926.]
No. 461. Labor organization in Chile, [1928.]
No. 462. Park recreation areas in the United States. [1928.]
♦No. 465. Beneficial activities of American trade-unions. [1928.]
No. 479. Activities and functions of a State department of labor. [1923.]
No. 483. Conditions in the shoe industry in Haverhill, Mass., 1928.
No. 489. Care of aged persons in United States. [1929.]
No. 491. Handbook of labor statistics, 1929 edition.
No. 505. Directory of homes for the aged in'the United States. 119294
No. 506. Handbook of American trade-unions, 19,29 edition.
No. 518. Personnel research agencies; 1930 ed iion.
No. 541. Handbook of labor statistics, 1931 edition.
fcnr]
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