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U. S. DEPARTMENT OF LABOR
JAMES J, DAVIS, Secretary
BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS
ETHELBERT STEWART, Commiwoner
BULLETIN OF THE UNITED STATES}
BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS
• • • '
WAGES AND
No. 377
HOURS OF LABOR SERIES
WAGES AND HOURS OF LABOR
IN WOOLEN AND WORSTED
GOODS MANUFACTURING, 1924
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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
MARCH, 1925
WASHINGTON
GOVERNMENT PRINTING OPFJCE
1925
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ADDITIONA"L COPIES
OJ' TJll8 PUBLlCATIOl!I' JUY BB PROCURED l'ROK
TBB SUPBRINTlll!l'DEl!l'T 01' DOCUMENTS
GOVBBl!l'JCBl!l'T PRINTING Ol'l'ICB
W .&Sml!l'GTOl!I', D. C.
AT
10 OENTB PER OOPY
CONTENTS
Introduction and summary ________________________________________ _
Days of operation and days idle ___________________________________ _
Average hours and earnings, by States ____________________________ _
Hours of work _______________________________________________ _
Days of operation _________________________________ -------------Summary of hours and earnings ________________________________ _
Explanation of scope and method __________________________________ _
General tables ______________________ - - - _____ - __ - - - - - _____________ _
TABLE A.-Average hours and earnings and classified full-time hours
per week, by occupation, sex, and State, 1924 __________________
TABLE B.-Average actual and full-time hours and earnings, by
occupation, sex, and State, 1924 ______________________________
TABLE C.-Average and classified earnings per hour for spinners
and weavers, by sex and State, 1924 ____________________________
TABLE D.-Average and classified hours actually worked in one pay
period by spinners and weavers who worked on as many days as
there
was work in the occupation, by occupation, sex, and State,
1924 _______________________________________________________
Page
1-14
10, 11
11
11, 12
12, 13
14
14-16
16-36
18-23
24-29
30, 31
32,33
E.-Average and classified earnings actually made in one
pay period by spinners and weavers who worked on as many days
as there was work in the occupation, by occupation, sex, and State,
1924______________________ --------------------------------- __ - __ 34-36
TABLE
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BULLETIN OF THE
,U.S. BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS
WASHINGTON
N0.377
MARCH, 1921
WAGES AND HOURS OF LABOR IN WOOLEN AND WORSTED GOODS
MANUFACTURING, 1924
INTRODUCTION AND SUMMARY
The biennial survey of wages and hours of labor in the woolen and
.'WQrsted goods industry was made this year from pay rolls for periods
in January, February, March, April, and May. Schedules were
obtained from pay rolls of 72 representative establishments located
in 9 States.
E ~ per hour, full-time and actual hours of work per week
and full-time and actual earnings per week for 1924 a.re presented
in this report. Summaries a.re also shown for the years 1910 to 1914,
1916, 1918, 1920, 1922, and 1924. No data were collected in the
altemate__years from 1914 to 1924. 1
The folio~ table shows the changes in hours and earnings from
1910 to 1924, based on the figures for 1913:
TABLII 1.-INDEX NUMBERS OJ!' FULL-TIME HOURS PER WEEK, EARNINGS PEB
HOUR, AND J!'ULL-TIME EARNINGS PER WEEK, BY YEAR
(1913-100)
Index numbers of averageYear
J!'ull•tfme
ho:1°.:&91'
1910 ....................
1911••••••••••••••••••••••
1912 ................... .
1913••••••••••••••••••••••
19H••••••••••••••••••••••
1918 .•••••••••••••••••••
1918••••••••••••••••••••••
1920 ·•••••••••••••••••••
1922 •••••••
·•••••••••••••••••••
192'..
_ _ _ _,
101
102
100
100
98
98
97
88
87
88
Earnings
per
hour
IIO
91
102
Full•time
earnlllgs
per week
91
92
102
100
100
100
193
188
304
103
127
366
268
301
m
231
262
Changes in wage rates since January 1, 1923, were reported as
follows: Of the 72 mills, 49 reported a 12.5 per cent increase, 11 reported 10 per cent increase, 1 inill each reported 20, 12, 11, 9.5, and
7.5 per cent increases, respectively, and 7 mills re_ported no change.
Overtime work was paid for at an increased rate of 50 per cent by 31
mills, 25 per cent by 9 mills, and 20 per cent by 1 mill. No increased
1 Previous reports of wages and hours of labor ID tbla 1Dduatr7 have been JIUbllsbed by the bureau as
follows: Nineteemb Annual ll.eport, Bulletins NOi. 18, 86, 71, '17, 128, lllO, 190, 238, 261, 289, and 327.
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l
2
WAGES AND HOURS OF LABOR-WOOLEN AND WOBSTEI> GOODS
!ate was pa.id for over~e by 31 mills. . Eleven mills rep<?rted pa:J7"mg 10 per cent and 1 mill 15 per cent higher w~es for mght work
than for day work. Bonuses were paid by 36 mills to the employees
in one or more occupations and were usually based on production.
No bonuses were reported by 36 mills.
A summary of the hourly e ~ , full-time weekly earnings, and'
full-time hours per week for the yea.rs 1910 to 1924, inolusivet.in the
principal occupations of the industry, is presented in the following
table. In addition, this table shoWB a classification of employees
by percentages of employees according to their full-time hours.
TABLB
1.-AVERAOE HOURS AND EARNINGS AN]) OLASSIJ'IED l'ULL-TIME H0UBS
PER WEEK, BY OOOUPATION, SEX, AND YEAR, 1910 TO 192i
Perd:t of employeee whose full•
hours per week wereAver- Aver- Avwage
berof berof ~
Over
time
Over 67
Year estab- em• time eana·
48
M and 80
llsh· ploy• hours IDP earn• Un•
and
iD&B
per
ments
der 48 UD• M and
UD• and
UD•
week
48
over
der
der dar
M
67 60
~.
Num• Num•
Occupation and sex
woo1 soners:
-
1910
Male •• ---------·---·· 1911
1912
19]JI
191'
1916
1918
1920
11122
·:remate____________ • 1921
1920
1922
192i
Wool washer teDderl:
1920
Male •• ••··-···-----·- 1922
18
19
19
19
16
288
4.«
4n
2'8
881
.. ...
20
48.8
48.2
411.3
m
48.3
•3
•3
.aao
66.9
67.1
66.4
66.3
116.l
611.8
M.8
48.4
411.6
411.4
48.3
.w
m
6118
'23
388
118
87
86
192i
23
20
Male••• --------•----- 1920
11122
'1
'3
278
192'
Oard tenders:
Male.----------·
1910
1911
1912
1913
191'
1916
1918
1920
1922
:remate_________ 192i
1920
11122
OardMa}e
strippers:
______________
owe-_.________.
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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
l9'M
1910
1911
1912
1913
191'
1918
1918
.l9'JO
11122
l9'M
111211
192i
116.3 $0.2'7 ~13. 86
a,4 .2'1 13.M
1111.2 .'61 14-72
611.0 .281 111.'3
6U .2'16 14. 9'1
k l .329 17.80
M.4 .4,QO 24-9'
4,8.1 .rrtl U90
48.4 .710 8438
.776 38.41
48.0 .901 43.211
48.0 .702 33. 70
'8.2 .8(18 a31
17
20
22
17
19
l
3
6
113
1111
119
Picker tenders:
l:r J:i.:
46
211
411
••
'1
47
47
G
46
'7
11
10
12
2'1
G
G
G
G
•"
46
46
•
JI
16
276
201
320
412
329
8118
638
11119
4.«
614
628
1ml
109
U.2
.613
.138
.lllli
.1'2
.147
.186
.2rrt
.617
.a
.473
.487
.861
.a
182
228
2'0
236
67.0
67.1
66.9
66.6
llf.7
.163
.161
.l68
.168
....
.• .,
2112
811
87
611.6
48.2
411.6
ao.e
...
.189
.20II
.670
.a
.606
.'91
83
82
rrt
1
8
2'
l
11
9
19
3
6
9
16
25.60
82
28.22
7.211
7.73
7.M
8.01
8.26
10.38
111.76
4
12
M
8
6
3
1'
(I)
20.06
28.87
2Lll
18.112
2
2
3
86
(I) IM
81
81
6
47
82
3
9
9
1L81
17.77
27.47
2L'3
20.60
66
18
2'
18
22
16
20
36
33
19
16
l
• 14
10
13
8
18
17
4
4
100
8.82
.602
in prevtoua repona as
AS
1 Tabulated
78
26.29
.4118 2Ll0
.471
88
88
21
21
17
17
7
----..........
---6
--------------9' ---i·
...........
------76
---- t100
-------- --------.........
---- ...........
--------100 ----.............
............ ---.
T
------- 9'1 ----- ----- ........... -----...........
----- ---......... ·.-ee·
...........
."6 2LM
48.0
250
808
..............
188
---··-r ··5· ----M ··-r
-------- ------- 1116
-------···5·
---- ---·i
----------- 79
----- --------------------.38.
------------------------ -------- 3246 36
........
-------.T -iT -------- ----- ··;- 142
26. 02
···,·
------- 11159'1 ···a· Ii ··-r
---- -----------.......
-------111.63 -------- ......... ----- ------- ------8.811 ---- ----- ----- ---- M
'Kl
----·29·
8.29 ---311
---- -----------8.48 ---27 23 46
Ii
12
a." ·cir ----- ----- 48
----- 78 ----- ··i---- i"NM ·--,·
..T ......... -···,
------21.78
-------- ---29.88 ---11 -------- 84
' ----- ----
.1183 28.411
9'
3111
---- ------------------............ ·si
-----------· ----- 66
-----i- ....... -----
62
16
62
74
89
3
4
8
9
20
19
16
7
6
,._ and under 11'-"
20
20
18
2
16
11
17
10
7
10
3
INTRODUCTION AND SUMMARY
TABI,E 2.-AVERAGE HOURS AND EARNINGS AND CLASSIFIED FULL-TIME HOURS
PER WEEK, BY OCCUPATION, SEX, AND YEAR, 1910 TO l~Continued
(
Per cent of employees whose fulltime hours per week wereAver•
Aver•
Num• Num•
age
f~berof 'llerof f~. earn· time
Over
Over 57
estab• em· time lngs earn•
48
54 and
llsb• ploy• hours per
Un•
60
lngs
and
ments ees
per
der 48 un• 64 and
un• and
hour
Un•
week
48
over
der
der der
54
67 60
Aver-
:-
Occupation and sex
Year
~
Gill box tenders:
Male ••••••••••••••••• 1920
1922
1924
Female ••••••••••••••• 1920
1922
1924
Comber tenders:
Male..•........•..... 1910
1911
1912
1913
1914
1916
1918
1920
1922
1924
Female••••• - .••..... 1910
1911
1912
1913
1914
1916
1918
1920
1922
1924
Drawing-frame tenders:
Male ••••••••••••••••• 1915
1918
1920
1922
1924
Female••••••••••••••• 1916
1918
1920
1922
1924
Spinners, mule:
Male .......•••.••.... 1910
1911
1912
1913
1914
1916
1918
1920
1922
1924
Spinners, frame:
Male ....•.••.•.•..•.. 1910
1911
1912
1913
1914
1916
1918
1920
1922
1924
Female••••••••••••••• 1910
um
1912
1913
1914
1916
1918
1920
1922
1924
I Less than 1 per cent.
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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
8
8
8
15
16
14
6
9
9
9
6
8
9
10
11
7
6
7
7
7
6
10
12
12
10
10
6
6
6
8
8
14
15
16
17
16
26
40
40
42
42
46
46
46
44
47
2
3
3
3
3
3
5
130
288
343
383
413
436
106
188
181
116
228
274
248
162
209
212
129
139
150
163
162
178
328
155
100
114
49,8 $0. 602 $25. 00
48.3
.863 17.53
49.9
.439 2L91
.442 2L39
48.4
49.1
.339 16. 64
49••
.382 18. 87
56. 6
56. 5
55 1
54. 8
55. 8
56. 3
55. 8
48. 9
48.1
49.6
55. 5
55. 8
55.8
56.1
54. 8
.139
.141
.156
.156
, 161
.199
.314
.552
.436
52. 8
48. 7
49. 7
49.2
.622
.111
.109
.116
• 117
.119
.177
.258
.478
.385
.418
211
193
51
189
263
1,603
1,760
1,758
1,615
1,885
55.0
54.1
48.0
48.1
49.2
53. 7
52.9
48.3
48.5
48.9
.178
.264
.501
.378
.439
.170
.250
.445
.349
.397
529
638
719
828
897
1,222
1,431
960
1,119
1,290
57.0
57.3
56. 5
56. 5
56.0
55.3
54. 9
48.2
49,2
48. 9
.224
.224
.240
.239
.249
.316
.499
.816
.670
• 755
11'
194
56.0
56. 0
54.0
54.0
53. 9
53.9
53.0
48.0
48.0
60.0
56. 0
56. 4
55.2
55.5
54. 2
53.9
52. 4
48.2
48.4
48. 9
.126
.132
.158
.136
.145
.191
.316
.558
.357
.421
.122
.126
.144
.140
.147
.180
.278
.481
.345
.417
244
115
282
266
161
4
49
4
45
3
46
578
8
10 1,002
10 1,070
751
10
9
970
14 1,202
15 1,330
14 1,026
15
972
14 1,106
53.li
----
----- 4
96
"(tj" 73 ...ii" 11
2 86
2 93
81
·(tr 75
2
-----
..T
7
19
21
----- ---- 14
.. T --·---- ····a
-------- ----.. T ---- -------- -----
12
----- ----- ........ 88
---9
------------ "ff 828 ·io·
12
8
-----------77
6
17
... 28
---- --------- ----- 64 7
------------ 59 1 ..if 38
-------- ----- 69 I ---- 297
---- ----'93
---- 98 ----- ··2· ----- ........
........
---11 ···,r ---- ····5
........ 79 --------·
97
3
----------------------·----- 82 ·is· 35
..i . 82 13
-------------------- 25 7575 15 8
------- ----- 48
------'19
----2 2 18 ·---- 55 33
---- --·-25 ---- --·-----....... '89 ----- 11 ----- ---- --------29 ----- ---....... 71 ..
---- 77 T 18 ----- ---- --------9.80 (I) ----- ----- 77
4
8
11
14. 81 ---4 ---- ---·96
iioo· ----24.05
----- ---- ----18.18
1
98 ----- ··2·
----2L60 (I)
81 ----2 ""iii" ---- ..........
----2
9.15
1
13 ......... 62
23 . T ----11
13. 24
3
66
21
...........
2L49 (1) • 96 ----4 ----- ------- ----·
16. 93
91 ----- 9 ..T -------·
19.41 ·,1r 83 ·--:.i" 12
---- ...........
12. 75 ---- ----- ----- ---- 61 26
13
12.81 ---- ----- ----13
49 38
13. 56 ---· ----- ----· ·35· 15 38
11
13.45 ---- ----- ----- 30
21 41
8
13.88 ---48
17
19
1
7
··,-2· ----- 55 17 18
17. 51
8
-------27.42 ---- 15 ........... 58
24
1
12
39.33
4 ----'96
-----1
--r
32. 96 -·-- 82
11
36.92 ---- 83
6
9 ···1· 1 ----·
7.01 ---- ----- ----- ---- 100 ---- ----7.37 ---- ----- ----100 ---- ----100·
8. 53
------7.33 ---- ----- ----- 100 -----------7.80
1 ----- ----- 99 -----------10. 30
1 ----- ----- 99 ----- ---- ------16. 74 11
89 ----- ---- ---26. 78 ---- iioo· --------- ---- --------- ---17.14 ........ 100 -------- ------21.05 ---· 67 ----- ·aa·
-------3
··91·
6.86 .......... ----- -------7.07 ......... ----- ----80 .iii"
1
·53·
7.92 ..........
32 14
1
--·-7. 78 ---- ----43
..........
34
23
-------7.99 ---- ....f ----- 75
25
1
.......... 70 20 .. 2. ------1!~f 6 24 ............ 80
9
23.18 (1) '96 ----- 3 ----- ------- ---16. 70
2
90
8 ----- ---- --··--4·
20.39 (1)
82
14 ----- ---· ------7.87
7.94
8. 56
8. 51
9.00
lL 18
17.49
26.99
20. 92
25. 89
6.13
6.10
6.47
6. 67
6. 52
9.46
13. 59
23.28
19.13
20. 67
I
.....
• Tabulated In previous reports as "48 and under 54."
4
WAGES AND HOURS OF LABOR-WOOLEN AND WORSTED GOODS
TABLE
2,-A VERA GE HOURS AND EARNINGS A.ND CLASSIFIED FULL•TIME nou.ns
PER WEEK, :BY OOOUPATION, SEX, AND YEAR, 1910 TO 192t-Oontfnued
Num•
Occupation and SeJ:
ber of
Year establlsh•
ments
Doffers:
Male ••••••••••••••••• 1916
1918
1920
1922
1924
Female............... 1916
1918
1920
1922
1924
Twister tenders:
Female............... 1910
1911
1912
1913
1914
1916
1918
1920
1922
1924
Spooler tenders:
Female •••• _ _ _ 1916
1918
1920
1922
1924
Dresser tenders:
Male ••••••••••••••••• 1910
1911
1912
1913
1914
1916
1918
1920
1922
1924
Oreelers or tiers-in:
Female............... 1922
1924
Drawers-in:
Male ••••••••••••••••• 1924
Female............... 1916
1918
1920
1922
1924
Loom flxers:
Male................. 1910
1911
1912
1913
1914
1916
1918
1920
1922
1924
Weavers:
Male·----·····
1910
1911
1912
1913
1914
1916
1918
1920
1922
1924
1 Less than I per cent.
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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
Per cent of employees whose ru1J.')
time hours per week were- 1
Aver• Aver- AverNum•
'-~~~~~~-age
berof f~ earn•
time
Over
O'lter 67
\
em• time
ploy• hours ings
48 :d 64 and
ees
~ ~ 48
Ull•
~ der over ',
67 60
6
6 •
6
5
7
12
12
14
14
10
~.
=·
::it
265
138
108
165
214
709
829
561
619
566
49. 8 $0.161 $8.05
50. 5 • 266 13.58
46. 3
.497 23.01
47.0 .299 14.05
49.9 .301 15.02
52. 2 .135 7:05
48.6 • 203 9.85
46. 7 .352 16.44
48.1 • 275 13.23
48.1 • 315 15.15
~
~~
1T°
51 •••••••••• 49 ••.•••••••••••
40 .••••••••• 60 ••••••••••••••
27 1 73 ··--· ••••••••••••••••••
~
47 •••••••••••••
22 '4 ••••• 42 30 2 •••••
37 1 2 ••••• 53
8 •••••••••
30 1 67 ••.•• 3 ••••••••••••••
19 6862 ···1·· 13 ··-·· •••••••••
20
fil
:::..
11 ••••• --·· •••••
24
1,028
802
34
1,043
892
914
56. 9
56. 7
55. 7
55. 4
54. 3
54. 2
53.9
48. 3
49.3
49.3
55
56
55
69
64
1,571
1,514
1,474
1,247
1,228
54.1
53.6
48.2
48. 7
48.6
.173 9.40
.270 14. 51
.458 22. 08
.383
.419
27
46
46
46
47
55
58
63
58
65
214
337
57.1
57.1
384
347
56.4
56.3
48. 8
49.3
13. 80 •••• ••••• •••••
.243
.262
.263 14. 80 •••• .•••• •••••
.273 15. 03 ··-- ··-·· ......
.318 17. 47 ---· ••••• ··-··
.452 24.28
• 767 37. 28 (1) I 91 ---·1 87 ,...
.653 31. 87
.748 36. 88 ---- 81
4
47.9
62.9
• 315
• 311
15. 09 3
16. 45 ••••
IO
12
12
12
11
23
40
38
332
600
751
598
884
363
422
469
403
4113
4ff7
55.2
55.0
64.6
48. 6
• 126 7 111
.131
741)
.137 7. 62
.135 7. 50
.144 7.81
.174 9.43
.256 13.80
• 457 22.01
.352 17. 35
.418 20. 61
..•••••••••••••••. 68
9
23
••••••••••••••••.. 76 IO
14
28
5
16
••••••••• ··-·· 51
38 8
9
••••••••• ··-·· 45
74
26 •••• ··--·
(1) •1 ••••• 83
11
4 ··--·
2 •1 ••••• 88
8 •••••••••
2 1 88 .•••• 10 ···-- 1 .••••
(1)
78
22
(1)
73 .. "ii" 21
4 '1 .•••• 76
8 11 .••••
7
75
18 •.•.•••••
1 • 95 ··4 ••••• (1)
87 ...f 11
89
2
9
~: ~:i
.242
~t ~f :::: ::::: ::::.
••••
28
40
21
10
62
55
63
40
424
406
392
51.8
54.7
54.2
48.3
48. 5
49.1
.690
• 250
• 355
• 595
• 480
• 535
35.60 •••• 18 35 48
13. 68 •••• ···-- ··-·· 63
19. 23
I ••.••••••• 78
28. 74
1 1 94 ···1·· 4
23. 28 1 90
8
26. 27 --·- 81
1 17
27
46
46
47
47
60
61
64
64
429
1569
589
,681
651
56.6
15. 76 -·-- ••••• ••••• ••••
· 68
821
.279
.275
.308
.297
• 312
.381
.552
.973
.754
.870
27
46
46
47
48
61
61
64
64
2,907
4,049
4,476
3,834
4,336
794
84.3
736
747
56. 7
55. 9
55.8
55.1
54.9
54.5
48.3
48.4
49.0
57.1
57.1
56.3
------··-·---
21
98 •••••••••••••• -··· •••••
19 ··-·· 81 ·---- •••• ··--·
~~1: :::: ::::::::::·as·
16. 55
17.18
20. 70
30. 04
47. 00
36. 49
42. 63
18
26
17 11
9
63
19 12
5
72
22 ••••
6
7 -·-·· 2 •••••
10 ••••• ••••
2
13 ••••• (1)
2
3
436
453
61
rs37 :30 ~t7
63
8
60
62
:d
•••••
25
21
•••••
··-··
·---79
:
--·· •••••
12 •••••
•••••••••
1 •••••
--·- •••••
---- •••••
9
~
12
g
--··· ---·- 39 31 26
4
----- ----- 58 27 7
7
l"l ----- 60 26 10
4
• 1 ----- 74 20 ·--5
(1) • 95 ·---- 4 ---·- 1 --·-·
1 92 . 1 6 ••••• ---- •••••
---- 83
3 13 ····- 1 (1)
.207 11. 79 •••• --·-- ----- ---- 65 17
19
.210 lL 97 •••• ••••• ••••• •••• 60 25
14
.237 13. 30
33
28 24
15
56.3
.232 13. 06 ---- ----· ·---- 28 32 34
6
55.2 .238 13.10 ---- ----· ----· 60 19 11
9
6,431
54.9 .304 15. 95 ---- • 2 ----- 64 17 14
4
5,812 54.5 .470 25. 52 ---- 1 2 ----- 73 21 ---4
4,825 48.3 .807 38. 98 1 2 94 ----- 4 ••••• 1 ···-5,518 48.3 .• 616 29. 75 2 89
1 8 ••••••••••••••
68 5,725
48.8
.701 34. 21 ---- 87
4 9 ----· ··-1
• Tabulated in previous reports as "48 and under 54."
5
INTRODUCTION AND SUMMARY
TABLE
'
2.-AVERAOE HOURS AND EARNINGS AND CLASSIFIED Jl'ULL-TIME HOURS
PER WEEK, BY OOOUPATION, SEX, AND YEAR, 1910 to 1924-Oontlnued
,, !
/
Nnm•
berof
Year establlsh-
Oconpation and sex
menis
Weavers-Oonoluded.
Female •••
1910
1911
1912
1913
1914
1916
1918
1920
1922
111:M
Oloth Inspectors:
Male ••••••••••••••••• 1920
1922
111:M
Female••••••••••••••• 1920
1922
111:M
Burlers:
Female.
.
11110
1911
1912
1913
1914
1916
1918
1920
1922
1924
PAr cent of employees whose full•
Avertime hours per week wereAver- AVe't•
Nnm•
age
berof
time
Over
Over 67
em• time earn• earn·
48
M and
ploy- hours Inga
60
lngs Un•
and
per
der 48 un- M and
per
un- and
ees
unhour
48
week
der
over
der
der 60
M
67
J:ic
27
46
2,866
8,384
47
8,493
46 3,586
48 8,8G2
61
61.,
63
63
4,686
6,295
8,783
3,622
ff1
8,713
10
49
19
16
7
18
261
316
26
1,034
1,616
43
246
144
64
2'6
44 1,562
44
44
56.3 ~.180 $10.14
56.8
.184 10.47
M.9
.206 1L48
56.0 .197 lLOS
M.7
.203 11.08
M.6
.271 14. 76
M.1
.'°6 2L96
.747 36. 08
48.8
48.4 .676 27.S.,
48.9
.664 3L98
48.0
48.3
48. 7
48.8
48. 4
48.6
.160
• lllO
.189
, 183
.195
1910
1911
1912
1913
1914
1916
1918
1920
1922
1924
211
44
44
42
43
63
53
61
63
64
1,196
1,623
1,668
1,388
1,501
1,767
1,685
1,729
1,985
1,850
Male ...•.......•..... 1920
419
362
1920
1922
111:M
69
66
61
13
16
10
48.6
49.1
49.8
1920
1922
111:M
63
62
51
66
69
60
378
1922
111:M
.920
1922
111:M
67
69
66
276
219
Perollers:
1922
l'emale...•••••••••... 1924
.Fullers:
Male.
.
Washer tenders, cloth:
Male ••••••••••••••••• 1920
Dyer tenders, cloth:
Male ••
Truckers:
Male ••••••••••••••••• 1920
1922
111:M
1 Less than
1 per cent.
13543°-25f-3
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
62
60
64
.373
.484
56.8
61
60
Female·---········
.582
.6M
.130
65
56
64
Menders:·
.763
.660
56.6
66.8
66.9
66.6
64.6
M.6
64.1
48.4
48.2
49.2
1,643
1, 756
1,889
1,867
2,321
1,773
1,711
.
~-
~-
56.8
56.7
M.3
M.4
.130
.145
.146
.166
.186
.276
.452
.371
.420
M.3
54.1
48.5
.2'6 13.28
48.4
,349 18. 91
.603 29.95
.445 21.54
48.5
.534
25.90
48.4
33.25
25. 27
29.61
23. 31
20. 91
2L88
75
35
48.4
48.4
196
48.6
49.1
49.0
.690
.468
.612
28. ff1
22.98
25.09
48.6
49.6
49. 7
.574
.461
.518
27.90
22.87
25. 74
,661
.453
26.67
22. 79
248
227
330
402
48.4
267
50.3
49.8
.506 25.20
1,205
1,334
1, ff12
48.1
.605
48.2
49.2
,299
.451
84
7
9
............ ..........
63 28
9
---........... ·ar 28 25
8
-------32 36
30
............
2
---- ----.........
----- 66M 3239 88 ----··.-............
----14
21
76
196 ----- 4
1 ------------···r
92
6 ----........
84
4 12 .......... ---.......... .........
---(1) ----- .........
36.62 ---- 1100
----3 ----- ---- ...........
27.06
1
94
2
28.34 .......... 86
2 11 .............. ---- ...........
196 ............. 4 ----- ---24.34
--·-7 ............. ......... ..........
18. 06 ---- 93
23.62 .........
87
5
8 ----- .......... ----9
10
7.33 .......... ----- ----- ......... 81
7.36
9
............ ----- .46. 65 27
17 30
7
8.25 ---- ------ ----20 26
8.14 ·--- ----- .......... 62
2
8.47 ·-r
M 40 4 ..........
...........
··.-r
10.09
............ 6~ 26 9 -----14.94 S! 12 .......... 80
17
·-r ----21.88
5
93
1
----17.88
94 .ci> . 4 ----1
----- ---- ..........
20,66 (1)
78
2 19 ........... ........ ...........
9.09
.......... ........... ......... 73 10 18
9.07 ---14
15
----- ·53· 72
---- .......... ...........
10.50
20 14
12
10.11 ---- ----57
4
23 16
--------10.57 .T ----- ----- 82
8
9 -----
.687
.620
.601
.468
.432
.452
466
43
........ .......... ----- ----
24.29
19.23
22.19
·ir
1
1
3
.........
s~
.........
.........
.........
.. ......
.........
----
----- ...........
89 ···r
··02· ----90
.3
194
92
82
1 70
93
91
·cir
192
85
88
···r
1
-----
. ..ii.
4
86
91
6
7
8
8 ........
5
9 . T ...........
..........
----........... ........ ----............ ---- -----
----.......... 5 .ci>.
.......... ----
4
..........
3
............
--------- ------- -----
2
16
30
7
8
7
5
2
,
----- ---· ..........
1 ....
----·
.......... -------- ........ 3
.
----- .........1
----1 19381 ··-r 74 ...........
4
..........
81
8
...
---.........
196
79
81
···r
2 195
··-r
------1
2
95
81
2
1
3
8
12
2
2
11
...........
...........
s~
-····
si
----- ----
·cir
• Tabulated In previous reports aa •· 48 and under 5'.''
1
.,2
6
1
10
6
s~
8
6
WAGES AND HOURS OF LABOR-WOOLEN AND WORSTED GOODS
TABLE 2.-AVERAOE HOURS AND EARNINGS AND CLASSIFIED FULL-TIME HOURS
. PER WEEK, BY· OCCUPATION, SEX, AND YEAR, 1910 to 1924-Concluded
\
Oooupation and sex
Per cent of employees whose fil:l.l·
time hours per week were- , ,
Aver- Aver- Average
Num- Num- age
fnllage
berof berof fulltime
Over
Over
Year estab- em- time earntrr
earn- Un48
M and
60 .
lish- ploy- hours in.gs
per
ings der
and
ments ees
per
48 un- M and
un- and
per
hour
unweek
48
over
der
der
week
der
M
57 60
\
-
Laboreris, dyehouse:
Male •••..•.••••...... 1910
1911
1912
1913
1914
1916
1918
1920
11122
1924
Other employees:
Male ................. 1914
1916
1918
1920
1922
1924
Female ............... 1914
1916
1918
1920
1922
1924
• Less than 1 per cent.
27
45
45
46
47
55
55
52
M
59
837
116.3 $0.143
1,116
116.6 .145
1,093
115.5 .157
1,041
55.6
.159
1,427 M.9 .160
1,636
115.0 .197
1,606
M.7 .am
961 • 48. 3 .li64
1,032 48.9
.435
877
49.2 .400
$8.06
8.22
8. 72
8. 84
8. 75
10. 83
l'll.60
27.24
21.32
24.11
.180
10.03
12. 51
18. 24
28.19
22.57
47 13,947
63 16, 9'/8
63 17,308
67 7,194
67 7,797
72 7,984
46 7,781
61 6,347
63 6,407
67 3,349
61 3,461
68 3,939
55. 7
55.8
66.3
48.6
49.6
49.3
M.2
53. 9
53.4
48.2
48.9
49.1
.225
.330
.580
.455
.509
.139
.168
.250
.421
.336
,382
25.09
7.M
9.05
13.37
20.29
16.43
18. 76
.......... ·--- 85 9
-------........... ·--- 74 17
------·------------ 4551 2529 2417
-------- ----·
69
18
7
---- ------------- 6067 2525 10
·,ir ""iii" -----T
.......... 295
4
"""a" 5 ·---3
---- 87
----82
5
11
............
------2 11 ----- 59
18
7
2 •1 .......... 49
26 8
4 23
3 291
2 82
2
78
4 ----4 15
7 14
6 2 87
3
83
3
75
...........
1
2
-----
--------1
2
57
2
6
14
69
M
63
6
11
20
23
1
2
1
24
34
26
-----
1
(l)
2
(l)
4
i
9
7
3
7
5
7
1
3
14
14
13
2
6
3
4
·cii"
1
2
-----
...........
----·cii- ---- ..........
• Tabulated in previous reports as "48 and under M."
As shown by Table 2, the average full-time earnings per week of
male employees in the principal occupations in 1924 varied from
$15.02 for doffers to $42.63 for loom fi.'{ers. For females the averages
varied from $15.15 for doffers to $31.98 for weavers. The classification by full-time hours shows that from 1910 to 1920 there was a
steady decrease, and that from 1920 to date a very high percentage
of the employees worked a 48-hour week. A careful study of thls
table shows the trend of hours and earnings from year to year.
Table 2 shows the average earnings per hour each year back to
1910 for most of the leading occupations of the industry. Many
readers may desire, however, to know the distribution of the employees entering into the average for each year according to their
mdividual hourlv earnings. Sucli a tabulation has been made for four
of the princiJ>al occupation groups-male mule spinners, female frame
spinners, male weavers, and female weavers-and is here presented
in Table 3. The increase or decrease of hourly averages is reflected
in the movement of percentages up or down i~ the classification
groups. Thus, the largest per cent of mule spinners in 1922 appears
under the "60 and under 70" group, with the avera?.e at 67 cents.
In 1924 the largest per cent appears under the group '70 and under
80" and the average was 75½ cents.
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
TABLE 3.-AVE RAGE AND CLASSIFIED EARNINGS PER HOUR FOR SPINNERS AND WEAVERS IN SPECIFIED YEARS, 1910TO 19'4
.
Per cent or employees whose earnings per hour w Num- Num- Average
berof ber or
8
9
10
~
14
16
IB
20
26
30
40
00
00
W
80
M
Occupation and se:i: Year estab- em- earnUn- and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and cents Sl $I. lO SL 26
lish- ploy- ings
per
der
8
under
under
under
under
under
under
under
under
under
under
under
under
under
under
under
and
unandder uandder and
ments ees
hour cents 9
10
12
14
16
18
20
26
30
40
00
60
70
80
90 under
n
over
cents cents cents cents cents cents cents cents cents cents cents cents cents cents cents $1 $l. 10 $l. 26
Spinners,
mule:
MaJe ____________
Spinners,
frame:·
Female
__________
- - ----1--1--1--l---t--+---+---+---1·--f--ll--l--+---l-- - - - - - -
•
1910
1911
1912
1913
1914
1916
1918
1920
1922
1924
26
40
40
42
42
46
46
46
44
47
529 $0.224
638
.224
719
.240 ------ ------ ------ ------ (1)
1
5
10
42
34
828
.239 ------ ------ ------ (1)
1
1
8
10
38
31
897
.249 ------ ------ ------ ( 1) -----1
4
12
37
31
1.222
.316
(1)
(1)
(1)
20
21
1,431
.499 ------ ------ ------ --(1) - ------ ------ ------ ------ ____ 1_____ 1_
960
.816
1,119
.670
1,290
. 755
1910
1911
1912
1913
1914
1916
1918
1920
1922
1924
8
10
IO
10
9
14
15
14
15
578
1,002
1,070
751
970
1,202
1,330
1,026
1911
:::::: :::::: :::::: Sl 1il
972
Weavers:
MaJe____________ 1910
1,106
27
1912
46
46
2,907
4,049
4,476
3,834
4,336
5,431
6,812
4,826
5,518
5,726
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
47
48
61
61
64
64
68
g fg
~
------ ------ ------ ------1--·---
14
1913
1914
1916
1918
1920
1922
1924
I Less than 1 per ceiat
~
.122
.126
.144
.140
.147
.180
.278
.481
.345
. 417
2
------ ------
4
1
1
(I)
------ ------ ------
------ ------ ----------- ------ -----_,.. ____
(1)
(1)
.207
.210
1
~1)
1)
(I)
.237
------
. 232
.238
.304
.470
. ffi7
. 616
• 701
------- --(i'J"" fl
----·1)
-·---(1)
(1)
----------- ------ ----------·
--(i)" ------ .................
------
47
39
3
2
1
(1)
41
47
34
42
28
8
7
13
63
54
54
8
~
2 ------ ------ ------ ------ ------ ------ ------ ------ ---···
3
8
~
.
10
1
C•) .:: ____ ::::_ :::::: :::::: _::::: _::: ___ :::::
14
47
11
1
15
6
1
(1)
20
30
26
17
14
16
15 ---13- ---11 ---- 3
1
10
1
15
1
13
30 · 21
14
5
1 ------ (1)
(I)
18
29
26
9
4
1 (1)
1
13
-
---=-- _::::: ------ :_::____ ::__ :::::: .::::: :::::: :::::: ::::::
(1) ------ ------ -----8
2
(1) ------ ------ ------ ------ ------ ------ ------ ------ ------ ------ ------ ------
16
27
1
1 ------ ------ ------ ------ -----43
15 ·----- ------ ------ -----2
21
44
32
(I)
4
00
42
84
7 ----------- ------ ------ ------ ------ (1)
9
36
48
------ ------ ------ ------ ------ ------ (I)
16
(1)
2
4
9
15
19
33
14
4
(I)
2
4
9
13
16
35
17
4
(1)
1
2
5
8
34
11
26
13
1
2
6
9
12
33
24
11
1
(I) --(I) 1
2
4
7
10
34
29
12
1
1
1
2
3
17
26
40
10
26
(I)
(I)
(1)
2
34
5
21
6
2
(1)
1
--(1)---~1)(1)
4
14
1
1)
(I) --(i')-(1)
2
8
Sl
------
/!I
~
~i
fa
------ ------ ------ ------ ------ ------ ----------- ------ ------ ------ ------ ------ -----4
(I)
------
(1)
(1) ------ ------ ------ ----------- ------ ------ ------ ------ ------
(1)
------ ------ ------ ------ ------
-- (1) - ------ ------ ------ ------ ------ -----(1) -- (1) - -· (I) - ------ ------ ------ -----11
2
1 -- (I) - --(1) - ------ -----15
23
19
17
9 - 5 ---- 2
:
:
1;
~
(1)2
(1)1
(1) 1
TABLE
00
3.-AVERAGE AND CLASSIFIED EARNINGS PER HOUR FOR SPINNERS AND WEAVERS IN SPECIFIED YEARS, 1910TO 1924-Ooncluded
Per cent of employees whose earnings per hour wereNum- Num- Average
her of berof
40
70
90
9
12
14
16
18
20
25
30
50
50
80
8
10
$1 $1.10 $1. 25
Occupation and sex Year estab- em- earnUn- and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and cents and
and and
!!sh- ploy- ings
per der8 under under under under under under under under under under under under under under under and under
ments ees
16
25
40
50
70
90 under $1.10 under
over
18
hour cents 9
12
14
20
30
60
80
10
$1.25
cents cents cents cents cents cents cents cents cents cents cents cents cents cents cents $1
- -- - ---- - - --
Weavers-Concluded
Female__________ 1910
1911
1912
1913
1914
1916
1918
1920
1922
1924
l Less than 1 per cent.
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
'J!1
46
47
47
48
61
61
63
63
67
2,855 $0.180
.184
3,384
. 206
3,586
3,493
.197
3,862
.203
4,505
• 'J!ll
5,295
.406
3,783
. 747
3,622
.576
3,713
.654
{1)
-----------
··c.-.,-·
(ll(1
""if
--
2
1
1
(1)
1
7
8
4
10
12
5
14
16
9
4
8
5
6
11
9
2
17
16
14
16
13
4
(1)
-----(ll (1)1
------ ----------- ------ (1(1
~:; ------1
____
------ ............... ----------- ............. ""Kl" ··c.-..,-- --·--··c1r· ------ ----·-·---_,.
19
15
17
18
16
6
1
25
23
32
'J!1
30
26
5
m m
5
6
14
12
15
30
10
(1)
1
(1)
1
1
5
3
4
26
34
1
8
4
------ ----------- ------ -----·
-----· ----------- -----fil(1) ----------- ---·------- ----------- ---·--
~:i
4
29
4
22
12
------ ------ ------ ------ ------ ------ ------ -----(1) ------ ----------- -----14
5
1 ··c1r· ··c.-.,-· -·----
------ ------ ------ ------ ------ ................
··0y· ----------- ------ ------ ------ ------ ·----- ................
12
26
21
20
22
23
13
23
20
17
5
13
12
1
4
-·-·1· ---T ----·i
(1)
1
(1)
1
Sl
9
INTRODUCTION AND SUMMARY
TL enable the reader more readily to make comparisons of the
yeaHy figures, index numbers have been computed for full-time hours
per /week, earnings per hour, and full-time weekly earnings for all
oc(lltlpations for which data are available for the years 1910 to 1924,
~lusive. These index numbers, which are shown in Table 4, are
j:llomputed from the averages shown in Table 2. They are percent.ages in which the averages for 1913 are used as the basei or 100 per
cent. The index number for each year preceding and sut>sequent to
1913 is the per cent that the average for that year is of the 1913
average. The year 1913 is used as the base because it represents
the period immediately preceding the World War. .
The table of index numbers for the industry (Table 1), which includes all wage workers, shows that hourly earnings for 1924 are
more than three times as great as in 1913 and slightly more than
12 per cent higher than in 1922. However, they show about 15
per cent lower L1an in 19201 which is the year of the wage peak.
Full-time hours in 1924 as compared with 1913 are 12 per cent less,
a.pd about 1 per cent greater than in 1922. While hourly earnings
~how an increase of 201 :rer cent over 1913, full-time weekly e ~
are only 162 per cent higher. This difference is caused by tlie
reduction of full-time hours per week.
TABLE 4.-INDEX NUMBERS OF FULL-TIME HOURS PER WEEK HOURLY EARN•
INGl!i_AND FULL-TIME EARNINGS PER WEEK, BY OOOUPATION, SEX, AND YEAR,
1910 "1"0 1924
[1913-100]
Index numbers ofFulltime
Year Fall·
time Earn- weekhonrs lngs
ly
per
hour earn-
Oeoupatlon and
sex
J:°k
Wool sorters:
Male ••••••••••••• 1910
Oard tenders:
Male.
102
1911 • 103
100
1912
1913
100
1914
99
98
1916
99
1918
1920
87
88
1922
1924
90
88
86
95
100
98
117
164
310
253
276
90
88
95
100
97
115
162
272
223
249
101
101
100
100
100
89
96
95
100
104
131
202
364
285
333
91
97
95
100
103
130
197
312
250
292
91
90
97
112
• 1910
1911
1912
1913
1914
11116
1918
1920
1922
1924
Card lltrippers:
Male ...•••••••.•. 11110
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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
lngs
1911
1912
1913
1914
1916
11118
1920
11122
11124
99
97
86
88
88
101
101
101
100
99
97
85
100
101
124
193
339
uo
801
98
88
258
91
98
100
100
123
188
290
227
Ill
Index numbers ofOeoupatlon and
sex
Year Fall·
time Earnhours lngs
per
per
week hour
Oomber tenders:
Male ••••••••••••• 1910
1911
1912
1913
1914
1916
1918
1920
1922
1924
Female.•••••••••. 1910
1911
1912
1913
1914
1916
1918
1920
1922
1924
Spinners, mule:
Male ..••••••.•.•. 1910
1911
1912
1913
1914
1916
1918
1920
1922
11124
103
103
101
100
102
103
102
89
88
91
99
99
99
100
98
95
94
87
89
88
101
101
100
100
99
98
97
85
87
ff1
811
90
100
100
103
128
201
354
279
335
95
93
Fall-
time
weekly
earnlngs
112
329
357
113
101
100
106
131
206
317
246
304
93
93
98
100
99
144
207
354
291
313
94
94
·100
100
104
132
209
341
280
316
115
95
101
100
103
130
204
292
245
1174
99
100
102
151
221
409
10
~
WAGES AND HOURS OF LABOR-WOOLEN AND WORSTED GOODS;
\
TABLE 4.-INDEX NUMBERS OF FULL-TIME HOURS PER WEEK, HOURLY EA\RNINGS, AND FULL-TIME EARNINGS PER WEEK, BY OCCUPATION, SEX, AND YE\AR,
1910 TO 1924-Concluded
,
\
Occupation and
sex
Year
Index numbers of-
Index numbers o~
Fulltime
week-
FullFulltime Earn- time
weekhours lngs
per
Jy
per
week hour earnings
Full- Earntime
lugs
hours per
per
week hour
\
Occupation and
sex
Year
ly
earnings
\
---Spinners, frame:
Male ..••••.•••••. 1910
1911
1912
1913
1914
1916
1918
1920
1922
1924
Female ........... 1910
1911
1912
1913
1914
1916
1918
1920
1922
1924
Twister tenders:
Female ........... 1910
1911
1912
1913
1914
1916
1918
1920
1922
1924
Dresser tenders:
Male ••••••••••••• 1910
1911
1912
1913
1914
1916
1918
1920
1922
1924
Loom fixers:
Male ....•........ 1910
1911
1912
1913
1914
1916
1918
1920
1922
1924
104
104
100
100
100
100
98
89
89
93
101
102
99
100
98
97
94
87
87
88
92
97
116
100
106
141
232
410
103
102
101
100
98
98
97
87
89
89
93
97
101
100
107
129
190
339
261
310
95
99
102
100
l(H,
126
1~
29'
231
275
101
101
100
100
98
98
97
86
87
88
92
92
100
100
104
121
172
292
248
284
93
94
99
100
102
118
101
102
100
100
99
98
98
87
87
88
94
93
104
100
105
128
186
328
254
263
310
87
90
103
100
105
129
199
34'
246
298
293
Q6
101
116
100
106
141
228
365
234
287
88
91
102
100
103
124
188
298
215
262
lM
252
215
249
95
94
104
100
104
125
182
284
220
258
Weavers:
Male ••••••••••••• 11110
1911
1912
1913
1914
1916
1918
1920
1922
1924
Female••••••••••• 1910
1911
1912
1913
1914
1916
1918
1920
1922
1924
Burlers:
Female ••••••••••• 1910
1911
1912
1913
1914
1916
1918
1920
1922
1924
Menders:
Female ••••••••••• 1910
1911
1912
1913
1914
1916
1918
1920
1922
1924
Laborers, dyehouse:
• Male ••••••••••••• 1910
1911
1912
1913
1914
1916
1918
1920
1922
1924
91
102
100
103
131
86
87
101
101
100
100
98
97
97
86
86
87
348
266
302
91
93
105
100
103
138
206
379
292
332
102
102
101
100
98
98
97
87
87
88
89
89
99
100
106
127
189
310
254
288
90
90
101
100
104
124
1~
269
103
103
101
100
98
98
98
88
88
88
88
88
104
100
108
135
193
330
243
292
91
91
105
100
105
133
189
289
213
256
101
102
100
100
99
99
98
87
88
88
90
91
93
99
100
99
123
188
308
241
273
86
i
89
101
101
100
100
98
98
97
203
91
99
100
101
124
191
356
274
308
90
92
102
100
100
122
195
298
228
262
92
95:
104
100
100
134
199
327
262
200
220
254
I
DAYS OF OPERATION AND DAYS IDLE
Table 5 shows that the average number of days in operation for the
year ending December 31, 1923, in the mills canvassed ranged from
269 in New York to 300 in New Jersey. Of the 72 mills reported, 34
were operated 300 or more days and 60 operated 285 or more days.
The average for all of the 72 mills was 294 days.
The leading causes of idleness were "holidays and vacations" and
"slack business" each of which caused idleness for 8 days. In
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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
11
INTRODUCTION AND SUMMARY
computing the averages the days for each mill were added and the
totf).]. diviaed by the number of i:nills, regardless of their size.
T.ulLI!: S.-.A.VEBAGE ~D CL.A.SSil'IED NUMBER 01' DAYS MILLS WERE IN
O·PER.A.TION .A.ND NUMBER OJ' DAYS IDLE ON ACCOUNT 01' SPEOil'IED CAUSES
l>URING 1923, BY ST.A.TE
Aver-
age Number of establishments In which
num days of operation dur!Dg 7ear
Num• berol
ber days
of
estab- In
liah226 2tO 265 ll70
300
ments dur• and and and and and and
under
under under under over
ing 240 ~nder
265 ll70 286 300
year
w.-
&&ate
-
~f:-
Connecticut ••••••••••••••••••••
Maine••••••••••••••••••••••••••
M8888cllusetts••••••••••••••••••
New Hampshire••••••••••••••••
::: ~~::::::::::::::::::::::
9
12
11
Ii
l'ennaylvania. ••••••••••••••••••
Rhode Island•••••••••••••••••••
Vermont •••••••••
4
2
18
9
2
Total•••••••••••••••••••••
72
l
......... ..........
----------- 11 ····r1 71 82
------ -----2
1
2
............... ····r
300 -----269 ------ ····r ------ ------ ····r
............ -----299
9 ····o·
2
286 ····r ............ ........... ····;·
1
297 ------ ............ ............. ...........
1
299
294
291
2112
1
1
.A.v::le number
of w
days idle
dur!Dg year on
acoountofHoll•
days Slack
Other
and bus!· causes
VIIC8-
tion
7
3
7
7
13
10
8
11
7
7
8
4
294
1
1
4
6
26
84
8
ness
11
6
11
(I)
6
(I)
8
32
7
12
(I)
2
8
2
4
8
8
.............
8
a
Less than one-half day.
AVERAGE HOURS AND EARNINGS, BY STATES
The following table shows the number of establishments, number
of employees, average e ~ per hour, aver~ full-time hours
per week, and aver~e full-time e ~ per week, by States. It
will be noted that the aver~e earnin__gs per hour range from $0.468
in New Hampshire to S0.595 m New Jersey.
T.uu 8r-.A.VER.A.GB HOURS .A.ND EARNINGS, BY ST.A.TE, 1924
Number
Number
of
of
establiah· employlllelltll
state
-----
Ooueotlcut •••••••••
Mame.••••••••••••••••••••••••
Mllll88chu8etts.••••••••••••••••
New Hampshire.•••••••••••••••
New Jersey ...............................
New York.......
• •••••••••••••
P$Dusylvanla.•••••••••
Rhode Island
Vermont ••••
----------------Total••.••••••••••••• , •••••••••••••••
9
12
11
11
4
2
18
0
2
72
t=
,::
8,11411
1,621
tffl
2,784
41,tm
Average
full•Ume
Average
oo:ser =t=
49.0
49.6
'8.0
112.8
48.2
48.4
6L7
48.0
.A.'_\'erBge
full-time
~
$28.08
49.6
$11.673
.666
.&33
.468
• 61111
.607
.602
.630
.1167
49.l
.&33
2&.17
27.117
25.58
24. 71
28.68
24.114
25.96
26.44
28.07
HOURS OF WORK
Table 7 is a classification of the 72 establishments by full-time hours
worked pm.: day and ~er week. Most mills have the same working
hours per day from Mondar to Fri~!jf~ inclusive and shorter hours
on Saturda1. Fifty-one o these · work 48 hours ~er week, but
have seven different combinations of daily hours, five of them working only 5 days per week.
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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
12
WAGES AND HOURS OF LABOR-WOOLEN AND WORSTED GOODS,
TABLE 7.-OLASSIFIED NUMBER OF HOURS PER DAY AND PER WEEK
Number of establishments whose full•time hours
Monday to Friday, Saturday, and per week
were·
· Total.
1-------1--,,,---,----,---,---,-,.......,.---,---,--_....----,......,----.--,-1 estab-\
Jisb. \
Hours on-
State
MondaytoFriday •. 8¾8¾8t9¾ (l) (') (') 9 109½9½9½9¾9f 10 ments
Saturday•••••••••••. 4¾ 4¼ 3f ••• 5 •••••• 5 .•• 55½ 5% 5¼ H 4
Per week............ 48 48 48 48 48 48 48 50 50 52} 53 54 54 54 54
------~------~~~-~HI--------•----9
Connecticut ••••••••• __ ·-·-·---··--···-·-··-- 2 6 ·-- 1 --· --· --· -·· --· ·-· ••• ·-· ••• --· 1
Maine ••••.• _•••••••• -. ·----··-·----········· 4 3 2 ••• -·- -·· ·-· ·-· ·-· --· -·· 1 2 ··- -·. Massacb1188tts•••• __ ••• -·-·-··-·--·-·······-- 5 4 2 --· ·-- --- ··- --- -·· ·-- ·-- ·-· -·- -·· ••
~:; f::f~~::::::: :::::::::::::::::::::: ~ ~ ::: T
New York.·-·-··-··········-··-·--·-···---··
Pennsylvanla•• -••••• -. -···--·--·--·-··-··-·Rhode Island••• -._· __ .-···-·--·------··----·
Varmont•• --------··-·· ······-··-·--·--·-·-··
::: ::: ::: ::: ::: .i. ::: ::: .~. -~· :::
2 •••••• ·-· ______ ·-· ••••••••• ··- ·-· •••••• __ _
1
3
1 .•• ••• 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 ·-- T ••. 1
4 -·· 1 ··- -·· --· --· -·- --· --- --- -·· 1 ··-
2 •..•••..• ··- -·· ••• -·- --· -·· ·-· --· -·- -·· ··-
Total---········· ---·-·-·---·-·-·-·-··· 22 19 4 3 1 1
1
1
2 2 1 1 10 2 2
12
11
5
4
2
18
9
2·
72
Thursday 8¾ hours and Friday 8 hours.
• Monday to Thursday 9-l, hours and Friday 9% hours.
• Monday to Thursday 9¾ hours and Friday 9 hours.
1 Monday to
DAYS OF OPERATION
In this survey inquiry was made as to the number of calendar days
on which establishments operated and employees worked during the
representative pay period studied. This was done for the purpose
of showing the opportunity afforded for work and the regularity of
employment for the employees.
A table of such data has been made for four. major groups of
employees-mule spinners, female frame spinners, male weavers,
and female weavers. The figures for these occupation gi:oups may
be accepted as. fairly representative for all employees. This table •
shows that 46 mills employed mule spinners. Of this number, 35
were running 6 days of the _I>__ay period studied, 5 ran 5 days, 4 ran
4 days, and 2 ran 3 days. Weighting the days of operation in each
mill by the number of employees, the mills averaged 5.4 days in
operation. The employees averaged 5 days of work per week,
making a loss of 0.4 of a day, due to the many causes that may keep
em:r;>loyees from working. Out of the 1,286 employees in this occupation 700 worked 6 days~ 213 worked 5 days, etc, One week only
was studied for spinners, out for weavers a two-week period was
studied.
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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
TABLE S~AVERAGE AND CLASSIFIED DAYS OF WORK FOR SPINNJi;RS AND WEAVERS, 1924
ONE-WEEK PERIOD
Average Number of establishments in which days of work
Average Number of employees who in 1 'lh~k worked
in occupation in 1 week werespecified number of days
number of
number of
days
Number of
days of
Number of worked
establishwork in
by
employees employees
ments
oc~upatlon
tn pay
2
3
In pay
1
2
4
1
5
6
6
6
3
period
period
Occupation and sex
I
'
Spinners, mule:
Male ..•...•••••••••••••
Spinners, frame:
Female...••••••••••••••
46
6.4
13
5.2
-------- --------
2
-------- -----·-- --------
--- --- --- - - -
4
5
35
3
3
7
11,286
5. 0
· 18 ·
1,059
5.0
7
1
64
167
124
213
700
6
16
274
300
456
TWO-WEEK PERIOD
Oecupation and sex
Number of establishments in
Average
Average
whichdaysolworkinoccunumber
number of
pation in 2 weeks wereof days
Number days of
Number worked
of estab- work in
olembyemployees ployees
lishments occupation
in pay
11 12
9
10
in pay
6
7
8
period
period
Number al employees who in 2 weeks worked specified number ol days
1
2
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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
1 Not
68
67
10.8
11.1
2
2
1
1
6
6
1
1
17
16
3
3
38
38
including 2 employees having a 2-week pay period.
5,726
3,713
9.4
9.9
1
4
6
6
7
8
9
10
11
324
153
203
89
488
400
416
280
990
503
383 2, 153
22411, 729
12
-- - - - -
- Weavers:
Male ••••••••••••••••••
Female ••••••••••••••••
3
42 ,. 100
22
42
171
93
221
94
234
183
Not including 47 employees having a 2-week pay period.
14
WAGES AND HOtraS 011' LABOR-WOOLEN AND WORSTED GOODS
SUMMARY OF HOURS AND EARNINGS
Table 9, which follows, shows a summary of establishments and
employees grouped by length of pay period and by States. Schedrifos
were obtained from 70 establishments with a one-week pay period,
for all occupations except weavers, and from 69 establishments with
a two-week pay period, 2 of these establishments being for all occupations and 67 for weavers only. Average full-time hours and earnings,
average hours actually worked, and amounts earned J>er week are
shown for each group. The percentage of full time worked by these
groups is also shown. The employees in the one-week pay period
wor}ied 87 per cent of full time and those in the two-week period
worked 82 per cent of full time. The average hourly earnings of the
one-week group was 49.2 cents, while the two-week group earned
65.9 cents per hour. This difference in earnings is largely accountep.
for by the fact that all of the weavers, a highly paid occupation;
are included in the two-week group.
9.-AVERAGE FULL-TIME AND ACTUAL HOURS WORKED, AVERAGE EARN'?
INGS PERHOUR, AND AVERAGE FULL TIME AND ACTUAL EARNINGS PER PA).(
PERIOD, BY STATES, 1924
TABLE
ONE-WEEK PAY PERIOD
I ',
Average Percent
Average
Average hours
Average earnings
full- Average full-time
·Number
full-time
actually oftime
Number
earnings actually
ofestab- ofemhours
worked
hours ·earnings
liahments p!oyees per pay
in one actually
per hour per pay made in
pay
pay
period
period o•e
worked
period
period
State
Connecticut__________
Maine.• --------·-··Massachusetts_----··
New Hampshire.- •••
New Jersey ••••••••••
New York·-·-·······
P'ennsylvanla ••••••••
Rhode Island ••••••••
Vermont •••••••••••••
Total. •••••••••
l,M6
4
2
16
9
2
1,472
13,798
2,994
2,781
1,324
2,614
3,496
1,968
49.1
49.4
48.0
53. 0
48. 2
48. 6
51.6
48. 0
49.9
70
31,493
49.0
9
12
11
5
43.1
42.5
39.8
46. 4
44. 9
44. 7
48.5
41. 2
88
86
83
88
93
92
94
86
49.6
99
42.8
87
$0.498
.521
.494
.441
.660
.478
.498
.476
.475
.4921
$24. 45
25.74
23. 71
21.65
26.99
23.18
26. 70
22. 85
23. 70
$21.45
22.13
19.63
20.44
26.13
21.36
24.16
19.59
23.58
24, 11
21.06
$58.13
40.65
54. 37
50.03
63.10
58.37
45.05
53.84
67.46
TWO.WEEK PAY PERIOD
Connecticut__________
Maine_-------······Massachusetts_ ••••••
New Hampshire _____
New Jersey.···-··--·
New York·-·-·····-·
Pennsylvania ••••••••
Rhode Island ••••••••
Vermont. ••••••••••••
9
12
11
5
Total ••••••••••
-
2
15
9
2
652
770
3,093
591
768
204
1,834
1,421
796
97. 7
99.1
96.0
103.'4
96. 6
96. 0
103. 8
96.4
86
63
80
80
91
88
85
84
87
$0.694
.649
, 705
.607
.720
.693
97.2
83.8
62.6
77.1
82.5
87.6
84. 2
88. 7
81.1
85.0
.664
• 794
$67.80
64.32
67.68
59.30
69.55
66.53
52. 73
64.01
77.18
69
10,129
98. 4
81.0
82
.659
64.85
4
.508
I
53.33
EXPLANATION GF SCOPE AND METHOD
This report includes data from establishments whose sole or principal products are woolen and worsted material; for ladies' wear, including dress goods and cloakings; materials for men's wear, including
suitings and overcoatings; goods for uniforms, and flannels. All
data were obtained from pay rolls of the various establishments by
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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
EXPLANATION OF SCOP:S ANb METHOD
15
agents of the bureau. The number of establishments included m
the report has varied considerably since 1910, as follows:
Establishments
1910 _______________________
19
1911 _______________________ 27
1912 _______________________ 46
1913 _______________________ 47
1914 _______________________ 48
Establishments
1916 _______________________
61
1918 _______________________ 63
1920 and 1922 ________________ 67
1924 _______________________ 72
In selecting establishments from which to obtain data the bureau
undertook to represent all States in which woolen and worsted manufacturing is of material importance, as indicated by the number of
wage earners reported by tlie United States Census of Manufacturea.
The following table shows by States the number of wage earners in
the industry, as reported by the United States census of 1921, the
number of estahlisliments from which the bureau obtained data for
1924, and the number of wage earners in such establishments:
1O.-TOTAL NUMBER OF WAGE EARNERS IN WOOLEN AND WORSTED MANU•
FACTURING AND NUMBER OF WAGE EARNERS FOR WHICH DATA ARE SHOWN
FOR 1924
TABLE
State
Establishments and
Number
employees for which
of wage
data are shown for
earners re1924 in this report
ported by
United 1 - - - - ~ - - - - - 1
States
census of ~'fab~f:h~f Number of
1921
ments
employees
Connecticut •••••••••••••••••••••
Maine ...•.••••••••.•••••••••••••
Massachusetts •..••..•....•••••••
New Hampshire••.......... - ••••
New Jersey •••••.••••...•..••••••
New York .•..•.•••••••••••......
Pennsylvania•••..••..•.•••.•....
Rhode Island ....•..•....••••••••
Vermont .............•.•..•.•..•
Other States...•••••••..••••••...
7,384
9,591
56,644
6,059
Total......................
162, 364
15, 109
7,199
22,042
23,004
2,557
13,775
9
12
11
5
4
2
18
1,698
2,242
16,891
3,586
3,549
1,528
4,448
9
2
4,917
2,764
72
41,622
As shown by the census report, about 92 per cent of the total
number of wage earners in the industry are found in the States in
which the establishments furnishing information to the Bureau of
Labor Statistics are located. The number of wage earners for which
the bureau obtained 1924 data and for which detailed information is
ptesented in this report is nearly 26 per cent of the total in the industry
in 1921, the year to which the census figures apply.
Full-time hours per week are the regular hours during which under
normal conditions employees in an occupation are on duty. Fulltime hours do not in any way indicate the extent of unemployment.
Employees may work overtime or broken time or be laid off, or a
temporary reduction may be made in working hours without affecting
the full-tune hours as here presented.
The earnings per hour appearing in the tables include the wages of
time workers and the earnmgs of piece workers, and are obtained by
dividing the total earnings for the pay period by the total number of
hours worked.
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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
16
WAGES AND HOURS OF LABOR-WOOLEN AND WORSTED GOODS'.
Where no record was r~arly kept of the actual time workedi by
piece workers, the establislunents at the request of the bureau kElpt _
a record for the pay. period selected.
The full-time weekly earnings are the- earnings of employees
working full time, or the earnings on broken time reduced to equivalent earnings for a full week.
The average actual earnings of emJ?loyees during_one pay period
are shown in Table B, in comparison with average full-time earnings.
In this table low actual earmngs may be due either to a low rate or
to broken time.
·
1 · The averages of full-time hours per week and actual e ~ are
computed by - adding the data for each employee and dividing by
the number of employees.
·
The average full-tune weekly ea!"Ilings, that is the hypothetical
~arn~, if all employees workoo full time, are obtained py multiply.:
ing the. average eammgs per hour by the average full-tune hours.
Descriptions of all the o:perations in a representative woolen and
worsted mill may be found m Bulletin No. 238 of this bureau.
.,
Figures relating to wages and hours are shown separately for 28 ·
of the more important occupations. Males and females are tabulated
separately in. e~h occupation. Of the 28 occupations tabulated,·data are shown for males alone in 12 occupations, for females alone
in 5 occupations, and for both males and females in 11 occupations.
The occupations are arranged in the order of manufacture as follows:
Wool sorters.
Wool washer tenders.
Picker tenders.
Card tenders.
Card strippers.
Card grinders.
Gill box· tenders.
Comber tenders.
Drawing frame tenders.
Spinners, mule.
Spinners, frame.
Doffers.
Twister. tenders.
Spooler tenders.
Dresser tenders.
Creelers or tiers-in.
Drawers-in ..
Loom fixers.
Weavers.
Cloth inspectors.
Burlers.
Menders.
Perchers.
Fullers.
Washer tenders, cloth.
Dryer tenders, cloth.
Truckers.
Laborers, dyehouse.
All employees not included in the above-named occupations are
.
combined and shown under "other employees."
"GENERAL. TABLES
In addition· to the text tables already shown, five genera.I tables
ar«u>resented, as follows: .
.
TABLE: A.-Average hours and earnings and classified full-time
· .
hours per week, by occupation, sex, and State, 1924.
TABLE B.-Averag_e actual and full-time hours and earnings, by
occupatio~ sex, and State, 1924.
Tliis tabie is shown for a one-:week pay period for all occupations
except weavers, which are show.n for two weeks. The average number of calendar days worked by each mill is weighted by the number
of' employees in the occupation considered; thus, the fulures in effect
represent the average number _of ~ys of work afforded the employees
_of the occupation. Another column shows the number of calendar
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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
GENERAL TABLES
17
days at-tually worked by the eml!loyees, which, because of time
lost, by employees, generally falls short of the average days of the
establishment.
TABLE C.-Average and classified earnings per hour for spinners
and weavers,· by sex, and State1 1924.
In this table the aver~e earnmgs for e~h employee were obtained
by dividing the earnings m the pay period by the hours worked, and in
like manner the average earnings for the occupation were obtained by
dividing the aggregate earnings in the· pay period by the aggregate
hours worked by a.11 employees of the occupation.
TABLE D.-Average and classified hours actually worked in one
p!:.v period by spinners and weavers who worked on as many days
as ~there was work in the occupation, by occupation, sex, and State,
1924.
'rhis table shows the entire number of employees canvassed in the
occupations included in the table and their average full-time hours.
Several of the mills, however, did not work full time and many employets did not work on as many calendar days as the mills were open
'!or work. One column of the table shows the number of employees
who worked on all of the calendar days the mill afforded them work,
and a parallel column shows the average hours that were worked in
the pay period by these employees.
Iri addition the table shows a classification of the employees who
worked on as many calendar days as the mills operated, according to
the hours such employees actua.lly worked.
.
No doubt some employees who worked on as many calendar days
as the mills were operated did not work as many hours on such days as
opportunity was afforded. If an employee lost part of a day when
the mill was running, it may have been because no work was available
for him or because he did not care to work, therefore, the hours
actually worked by employees who worked on every calendar day
possible may to some extent fa.11 short of the full opportunity for
work. However, even with this uncertainty, the table is much
more ~i:ficant than a table of hours worked without any consideration of days or hours lost by absence when the mills were open for
work.
TABLE E.-Average and classified earnings actually made in one
pay period by spinners and weavers who worked on as many days
as there was work in the occupation, by occupation, sex, and State,
1924.
The explanation given for Table D will make Table E clear without further statement.
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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
18
v1AaEs AND iiou:as oF LABOR-wooLEN AND woitsi'Ell oooos
TABLE A.-AVERAGE HOURS AND EARNINGS AND CLASSIFIED
FULL-TIME HOURS PER WEEK, BY OCCUPATION, SEX, A.ND
STATE, 1924
Number QI employees whose full•tlme hours
per week wereAver• Aver•
NUlil•Num• Aver•
--.----r--,---,-~--ber her age
Over 57
Over
of earn• time ttme
of
M
48
estab· em• ings earn• hours
ings per Un•
and M and and
llsh• ploy• per
der
60 Over
48
Un• Un•
Un•
60
ments ees hour per week 48
der der
der
week
60
t':M. r~t
Occupation, sex, and
State
57_
54
Wool sorters, male:
Maine •...........••.
Massachusetts....••.
New Hampshire •••••
New 1ersey••..••••••
Pennsylvania.•••••••
Rhode Island ••••••••
Other States..•••••••
2
5
2
2
4
8
1
Total •.•.•••••••••• ~
Wool sorters, female:
Massachusetts.......
Other States.........
19
3 $0. 426 $22. 15
. 770 36. 96
176
• 779 41. 75
70
• 879 42. 19
19
24 . 720 38. 30
. 802 38. 50
64
. 590 28.32
3
1
52.0
48.0
2 ••••••••••••••••••••
176
5 •••••
19
53.6
48.0
53.2
5
48.0
65 ••••••••••••••• • : ••
19 ..••.••••.••... •·•••
64 .•••• •·•·•• ••••••••••••.•.•••.•
48. 0
3 ••••••••••••••••••••••••••• - • -:.
~~~~;,;;;;;~_5_~
3
58
• 594
48. 0
28. 51
••••
======~
58 •••••••••.••••••••••...••••••••,
2 ..•..•••....•..•••• .i:
5
• 723 36. 93 49. 7
7
2
1---1--1----1---4---4----1----1---1----I--I--I-----I-__;"
2 ...........••..••••• '\
48. 2 •••••
63
48.3
2 ••••••••••
56 ••••• •••••• ..•••
7 •.•••..•..•••..•..••
2
20
3
16 ...•. : ... : ::::: :.:::
1
Total..............
5
65
.608
29.31
Wool washer tenders,
male:
Massachusetts•••••••
New Hampshire•••••
New Jersey .•.••••••.
Pennsylvania.••••••.
Rhode Island•••••••.
Other States••.••••••
6
2
2
58
9
20
20
.520
• 448
.597
25.12
23.61
28.66
25.55
52. 7
48.0
52.9
3
7
.450
2
6
.476
21.60
22.85
48. 0
48. 0
6
---·- ------ ----- ----- ----- --·--
Totsl •.••.•••••••••
20
119
.513
25.29
49. 3
93
=======
5
=
=
.483
Picker tenders, male:
.«l
32
7
Connecticut.........
.459
75
12
Maine...............
. 493
M
8
Massachusetts.......
.488
22
4
New Hampshire.....
24 .528
3
New Jersey..........
.464
45
5
Pennsylvania........
.446
7
3
Rhode Island........
.418
10
2
VermonL............
l _6_ .453
Other Stat~••••••••• _ _
.471
275
45
Total..............
==
20.06
48.0
23.22
49.3
0J~:~~~~~~::::::::: 1I : :!M :: :
~
. 462 22. 55
!!02
9
Massachusetts.......
:J
2 ..... ··•··
--=--=-=--:===-----------=
New Hampshire_....
New Jersey..........
New York...........
Pennsylvania........
4
3
2
34
53
5
~~r~~~f'.~~~::::::::
~
21
49
Total..............
47
528
. 458
. 642
._450
.499
25.'50 1 61.1 ·
1
48.0
;~ :~ ~:: i ~:g
~=
. 473
23. 37
:
1
49. 4
~
=
···g·
=
i~ ::::: :::::: ::::: ::::. ···1· :::::
428
24~
====
: :!~ ~J;; :1J
1! ::::: ::::: ...:.....5
9
193 ..... ·····- -···· ..••. ••••.
3 ..•...•........
10
21
3 -····· ........•....••••.•.
50
..
21
19 •••••••••....•. -····
12
18
48. 8
50. 4
48. 3
23. 08
31. 01
~.60
• 389 18. 67148. O •••• ,
21
6
Car'U:.i"n~~~~.~~~~l~~....
. 416 19. 97 48. O •••••
73
6
Other States.........
1
· Tota1 ..•••••••••••• "t2" ~----:Too 19.63 I 48.o .••••
===:c:~
Card strippers, male:
Connecticut ...••••••
. 490 23. 86 48. 7
27
7
. 511 25. 29 49. 5
58
12
Maine-·····-··••····
Massachusetts-.•••••
. 497 23. 86 48. 0
104
9
New Hampshire.•...
. 440 22. 84 51. 9
43
5
New Jersey .•..••••••
.607 29.56 48. 7
26
3
. 489 23. 47 48. 0
11
2
New York .....••••••
Pennsylvania...•••••
.595 29.81 50.1
32
5
Rhode Island .•••••••
Vermont ...•••••••...
Total ••••••••••••••
.506 25.60 50.6 ...••
368
49
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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
23 .....
5 •••••••••••••..•.•••
27
15 ••••••.••••.•....•.•
60
5 .••••
49 •.... ••.••• ••••• •••.•
3 ••••••••••••••.•••••
19 .••••
3 •••..•••......•.•••..•••••
21
2 ..•••
19 ...•• ..•..
6
18
7 ••••.••••••••••.•••.•••.•••••••
10 .••..•••••••••..•..•....•.••.•.
6 ••••..........................•
7 ...••
42 ..... .....
9
217
48.9
49.2
49.1
48.8
48.6
51.3
48.0
48.0
21.56
22.58
24. 21
23.81
25.66
23.80
21.41
21. 74
Card tenders, male:
7
=
-9- 14
-3==~==
====-==
21 •••••••••••••••.•.•..•••.•..•••
73 ••••.•••••...•••..........•....
94 .••..
3 ..••.....•••..• _ -···
24
2
8 •..•. -···· ····3
45
104 ..... ··••·· ·•··· -···· ..••• ·-··12 •..••..••. ···-·
14
17 ...•.
4 ··•·•• ...•.•.•...........•
22
11
9 ........•• ···-- ··--·
4
19
~
·-··· ···-=· ..... ····· -····
13 ·•··· ···••
34
11
274
=-,l===•--='==="'=~>---"--1•=~------
35
37
19
GENEl'tAL TABLES
A..-A VERAGE HOURS AND EARNINGS AND CLASSIFIED
FULL-TIME HOURS PER WEEK, BY OCCUPATION, SEX, AND
STATE, 1924-Contin1:1ed
TABLE
Num•Num•
ber ber
or
or
estab• em•
lish· ploy•
ments ees
Occupation, sex, and
State
Number or employees whose full•ti me hours
per week wereAver• Aver
Aver•
r~. r ~ . 1 - - . . - ~ - - ~ - - - - age
Over
earn• ttme time
O
57
48
ings
d and
hours Un•
per
and
per per der 48 un• 54 ~. un•
hour
der der
week week 48
der
=·
;,t
57
54
Card grinders, male:
Massachusetts.......
Pennsylvania........
Other States.........
7
5
3
Total..............
T ot al..............
Gill box tenders, female:
48. 0 •••••
50. 2 •••••
48.1! •••••
18
8
48.8 •••••
31
2
4 ····· .............••
5 •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••
l---+--+---+--+--+--.f---+--1----1---1--!----+--
=
Gill box tenders, male:
Massachusetts.......
Pennsylvania........
Rhode Island........
Other States.........
18 $0. 582 $27. 94
• 666 33. 43
14
• 507 24. 34
5
60
2
15
37
=.602
29.38
2
2
2
2
231
8
19
85
.457
• 521
.352
21.94
26.36
16. llO
22.41
230 •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••
l
48. 0
1 •••••.•••••••••
7 ••••••
50. 6 ••••• •••..•
19 •••••.•••..•.•..••••••.•.••••••
48.0
29 ••••• 18 •••••
38
55. 6 ••••• •••••• •••••
3
2
2
3
3
1
126
95
42
58
66
48
.404
.449
. 320
. 3ll0
.342
.281
19.35
21. 55
15.36
20.98
16.42
15.26
47.9
2 124 ••••• •••••••••••••••.••••••••••
95
48.0
48.0
42
53.8 ••••• ••••••
55 .•••• ·•••• ••••• •••••
3
48. 0
66 •••••.........•. ••••• ••••••••••
54. 3 •••••••••.. ··•··
12 •••••••••••••••
36
14
435
• 382
18. 'ifl
49. 4
3
4
162
50
• 541
• 461
25. 97
25. 26
7
212
• 522
2
2
3
2
1
23
19
26
31
15
10
114
4 •••••••••• ••••• •••••
=·==J,==l==l===s==l===l==0:==
.403
1---+--+---+--+--+---1---+--1----1---1--1----+-30 ••••• 18 •••••
38
7
249
l
343 .439 21.91 49. 9
8
=
l==,l==,r-===l====I
Massachusetts•.•••••
New Jersey....••••••
New York••...••••••
Pennsylvania..••••••
Rhode Island.•••••••
Other States.••••••••
Total..............
Comber tenders, male:
Massachusetts.......
Other States.........
Tot al..............
=r-===
91
12 ••••••••••..•••
327
3
48. 0
54. 8
16~
••• ·24 ••9°
25. 89
49. 6
168
.461
.473
• 375
• 428
• 347
22.13
22.70
19. 95
20. 54
16.16
23 .••.. ··•••• ····- •••••••••• ····48.0
19
48.0
21 ••••••••••••...•••••
5
53. 2 ••••• ••·•·•
31 •••••.....•••••••••••••••• ····48. 0 •••••
15 ••••.••.••.••••••••••••.•• •••••
48. 0 •••••
. 418
20. 57
49. 2 ••.•.
2
=
••••
11
••••
1---.f---+---1-----+--1----1----1--1----1---i--+--
Comber tenders, female:
Massachusetts•••••••
New Jersey ..••.•••••
Pennsylvania.•••••••
Rhode Island••••••••
Other States•••••••••
Total..............
24
9 ••••.
11 •••••
==l==l==,r-===l===l==,i==i===lc==k==l==•l==I,=:
88
5
21 ..•...•......•••••.•
=================
Drawing frame tenders,
male:
.438 21.02 48.0
196
3
Massachusetts•••••••
• 441 23. 33 52. 9
67
6
Other States•••••••••
1---+--+----i---+--+----+---11---l----1--1----+-43 ••••••••••..•••
5
214
1
• 439 21. 60 49. 2
263
8
Tot al••••••••••••••
Drawing frame tenders,
female:
Massachusetts..•••••
New Jersey...•••••••
Pennsylvania••••••••
Rhode Island••••••••
Other States.••••••••
TotaL.............
Spinners, mule, male:
Connecticut •••••••••
Maine •.•••••••••••••
Massachusetts•••••••
New Hampshire.....
New Jersey..........
New York..•••••••••
Pennsylvania........
II.bode Island ••••••••
Vermont............
Total..............
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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
3
3
970
141
161
290
323
.413
.428
.352
.367
.31)()
19.82
20.54
18.48
17.62
20.01
48.0
48.0
52. 5
48.0
51.3
7
12
9
5
3
2
4
3
2
113
172
488
87
61
78
114
82
95
.642
.778
.795
.710
.760
.797
.609
.837
.812
31.20
38.59
38. 16
36.35
37.24
38.26
31.42
40.18
39.63
48. 6
49.6
48.0
51.2
49.0
48.0
51.6
48.0
48. 8
36. 92
48.9
3
2
4
l
969
141
13
42
290
155 ..•••
106 •••••••••• •·••• •••••
118
50 •••••••..••••••
1---+--+---1---+--+--l---+--"l---l----1--1----+-.397 19.41 48.9
42 224 50 •••••••••••••••
15 1,885
1 1,568
===.===
l===•l===i====i,==cl==,l===I== =
··-------
102
11 ••••• ··--· ••••• •••••
128
9 ····- •••••
30 •••••
488
18 •••••••••••••••
25
44 •••••
13 •.•••••• · ••••••••••••.••••
48
78
56 ••••••••••••••...•••
17
41
82
37 •••.••••••••••••••••••••••
58
1---+--+----1----1---+--1----1----11---l----1--1----+-47 I, 290
. 755
----- 1,069
72
122
18
9 ....•..•••
1==,1=====1'==1 = = , : = = = = = = = = =
0
20
WAGES AND HOURS OF LABOR-WOOLEN AND WORSTED GOODS.
TABLE A.-AVERAGE HOURS AND EARNINGS AND CLASSIFIED
FULL-TIME HOURS PER WEEK, BY OCCUPATION, SEX, AN1D
STATE, 1924-Continued
\
(
'-
Num• Num•
ber ber
of
of
estab· em•
lish• ploy•
ments ees
Occupation, sex, and
State
Aver•
age
earn·
lngs
per
hour
Aver• Aver•
ri;Jit r~i1-~-~~~-~-~-~-~-
t,me time
earn• hours Un•
ings per der
48
Wpereek week
Spinners, frame, male:
Massachusetts ••...••
Other States.•.••••••
2
1
31 $0.443 $21.26
15
.381 20.57
Tote.I •••••••••••••.
3
46
Spinners, frame, femBle:
Massachusetts.•....•
New Jersey•.•.••••••
Pennsylvania••••••.•
Rhode Island•••••••.
Other States•••••••••
3
2
3
3
3
609
77
TotaL •••••••••••••
Doffers, mBle:
MBSSachusetts•••••••
Pennsylvooia••••••••
Other States.••••••••
TotaL............
48.0
51.4
48. 0
52.4
14 1,106
.417
20.39
48.9
3
96
.328
.272
.284
15.02
14. 44
15.08
45.8
53.1
53.1
56
15 ........•........•..
606
77
20
40
47 ••••••••••••••• ·••••
168
38 .••.. --107 ::::: .•.••.••.• ::.::
909
40
4g ..... ···11 • :::.: •••••••.•• ::.::
15
90 ··•·• ••.••.•••••••••
313
92
106
55
.337 15. 74
.306 16.00
. 275 13.15
.292 ·14. 37
46. 7 107
206 •••..••...••••••••••.....•
52.3 ••••• ...•.. 38
58 ••••• •••·· .•.••
47.8
6
100 ••••• ••••·· ·•··• •••......•
49.2
44 •••••
11 .••.••........•
10
566
. 315
15.15
48.1
113
5
8
2
4
2
8
7
2
18
425
36
61
51
16. 99
19.44
30.29
19.91
23.42
18. 74
22. 37
17.18
49.4
48.0
53.8
48.1
48.0
52.8
48. 0
48. 0
4
21
.344
.405
• 563
• 414
.488
.355
.466
.358
914
.418
74
100
. 387
.479
.413
.588
• <lOO
,526
.378
208
94
===
350
6
425
1 •••••
60
51
10
94
21
··•••
·••••
·••••
·••••
38
65 .•..........•.......
==F==lc==l===!==,t,==
8 ••••••••••••••• •••••
35 .•..••••...•.••...••
1 ·····• ••..•.••••••••. ••··•
49
149 •••.••••.•••••. •••·•
4
2
14
6
2
566
31
67
37
131
122
100
.393
.429
20. 61 49.3
4
668
50
192 ......•........ ··•·•
=====l1===el===l==s>=='=='==
19. 27
23.66
19.82
29.05
19.32
25.25
19.28
18. 90
20. 59
49.8
49.4
48. 0
49.<l
48. 3
48.0
51.0
48.1
48. 0
23 •••••••••••••••.•...
50
23
77
566
24 •••..
7 •••••.•....•••• ··•··
62
5 ••••••••••••••••••••• •••••
37
54 21
66 ......•... ·••·· ·••••
119
3 ••••••••••••••• •••••
100
+---+--+-----+--+--+--+--+--f---+---1----+--+-.419 20. 36 48.6
64 1,228
l=='i==,1===t===
8
11
11
Ii
40
132
4
28
2
13
9
2
24
75
46
25
59
38
.673
• 743
. 758
• 735
,693
.663
.874
. 716
.697
32. 78
36.93
36.38
37.41
33.82
31.82
44. 75
34. 58
36. 38
48. 7
49. 7
48.0
50.9
48.8
48. 0
51.2
48.3
52. 2
1 1,089
26
112 .•....•.............
41
5
30
8
2 ••••• •••••
132
13 .•...
12 .•..•.....•••.•.••••
23
Ii .•••.•....•.....•••.• •••••
24
31
12
32 •••••....•...•• ••·•·
56
3 ••••• •••••••••• •••••
11
27 ••••• .••••• .•... .•... .••.•
65
467
. 748 36. 88 49. 3 •..•• 377
17
60 .....
2 ..••.
11
=========1===1===1='=1==",=
States............ - 3
• 311 16. 45 52. 9 •••••
•••••
-21- =
- - - - = - -4 =
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
154 ............... ··•·•
3
2
2
3
8
12
11
5
Tote.I..............
All
3
19.17
18. 58
20.54
38
=
=
Dresser tenders, male:
Connecticut .....••••
Maine ..•.........•••
MBSSachusetts ..•.•••
New Hampshire ..•••
New Jersey..••••••••
New York ...••••••••
Pennsylvania ..•••••
Rhode Island.; ••••••
Vermont •.•••••••••.
tfers•in,
57
and
un
de;
60
1--+--+-----+--+--+---+---+---,f---+---l----+--+--
T ot 81 ..••••••••••••
or
.4M 20.83 48.0
22. 70
==
Spooler ,enders, femBle:
Connecticut .••......
Maine........•...•••
Massachusetts ......•
New Hampshire .....
New Jersey••.•......
New York •••••.•....
Pennsylvania••••••••
Rhode Island••••••••
Vermont ••••••••••••
Oreelers
fem.rue:
tr
15
50.0
.473
,373
.387
.392
la
105
O54
ver
and
under·
57
54
214
.301 15.02 49.9
56
57
101 .....•............••
7
==l==,l===l:==l:==,l==l=='====I==~==!===!==
Doffers, femBle:
Massachusetts.••••••
Pennsylvania••••••••
Rhode Island••••••••
Other States•••••••••
Tote.l•.••••••••••..
21.05
Over
48
and
un•
••
""
31 •••...•.••••••••.••••••••••••••
48. 0
54.0 ••••· •••••• •••.•
15 •••••.•••••••••••..•
107
168
145
3
2
2
TotBI••••••••••••••
Twister tenders, femBle:
Connecticut ..•.•••••
Massachusetts •..•.••
New Hampshire .••••
New Jersey••••••••••
New York ...••••••••
Pennsylvania..••••••
Rhode Island••••••.•
Other States•••••••••
.421
Number of employees whose full•time hours··
per week were-
I
17
·····1·····1·····1·····
------,--,
21
GENERAL TABLES
A.-AVERAGE · HOURS AND EARNINGS AND CLASSIFIED
F.lJLL-TIME HOURS PER WEEK, BY OCCUPATION, SEX, AND
(.{TATE, 1924-Continued
TAB"E
Number of employees whose full•tlme hour.
per week wereNum Num
ber ber
of
of
estab- em•
Jish. ploy•
lments ees
Occupation, su, and
State
Drawel'll-ln, male:
Maine...............
2
8
P8IIJISY)vanla.........
Total..............
Drawers-In, female:
60 Over
60
2 $0. 673 $34. 32
38
61. 0 •••••
1 •••••
6
14
• 691 36. 66 61, 6 •••••
1 ••••••••••••••••••••
18 ••••••••••••••••••••
10
40 • 690 35. 60 51. 6 •••••
7
14
19 ••••••••••••••••••••
l==,l==l===i===~=~==l===l==•i===•==1,===
Connecticut.........
Maine................
MllllSBChusetts.......
New Hampshire.....
New J'ersey••••••••••
New York...........
Pennsylvania........
Rhode Island........
=
9
11
11
5
4
-----------·-----
38
35
.489 24.11 49.3
30 •••••
8 ••••••••••••••••••••
.674 28.13 49.0
29 •••••
6 ••••• _••••••••••••••
156 .620 24.96 48.0
156 •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••
40 .469 24.34 61.9
12 •••••
28 ••••••••••••••••••••
26 .616 29.96
22
4 ••••••••••••••••••••••••••
2
16 • 499 23.96 48.0 •••••
16 •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••
9
49 • 664 28.81 62.
48. 07 •••••
16
2
31 ••••••••••••••••••••
9
63 .676 27.89 48. 5 •••••
68 •• •••
6 ••••••••••••••••••••
Vermont............
2
31 • 636 26. 73 48. 0 •••••
31 •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••
1--+--+--+---J.---J.-+-+-+--+--l---1----l-.536 26.27 49.1
Total •••••••••••••• 1==6=2'1=463=•!===
869
6
78 ••••••••••.•••••••••
r····
-----
Loom fixers, male:
Comiect1cut.........
Maine...............
----------------- ~ .....
------------- : ··
---------
34
6 ••••••••••••••••••••
9
39 .806 39.28 48.8
37
1
11 ••••••••••••••••••••
12
49 .808 39.92 49.4
286 .928 44.64 48.0
11
···55· •••••••••• •• 3· •••••
73 .728 38.68 63.0
6
New J'ersey•••••••••• . 4
69 .867 4,L22 48.1
67
2 ••••••••••••••••••••••••••
24 .828 39.7, 48.0
2
22 ••• 28•••••••••••••••••••••
14
96 .913 46.11 50.5
Rhode Island........
122 ••••• . 4 ••••••••••••••••••••
9 126 .871 4LD8 48.2
Vermont............
66 ••••• •••••• •••••
6 ••••• • •••
2
60 .836 40.88 48.9
l--+--+--+---+---+-+-+-+--+--l---1--+-821 .870 42.63 49.0
68
Total••••••••••••••1==1==11==4===1===1==1=686=F=26=1=1=03=F·=·=··,;i·~6;.,i,...,;,3,F-·:;;;··;;;;··
rf::~a:8~:::::
:::i;;r~::::::::
-----
Weavers, male:
Comiecticut.........
Maine...............
614 .696 83. 98 48. 8 ••••• 446 ••••• 68 ••••••••••••••••••••
9
91 ••••• ••••• •••••
10
12 494 .667 32. 96 49. 4 ••••• 393 •••••
11 1,798 .721 34. 61 48. 0 ••••• 1, 798 •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••
86 ••••• ••••• 37 •••••
6 313 .663 83. 37 6L 1 ••••• 190 •••••
4
378 .748 35. 90 48. 0 ••••• 376
2 ••••••••••••••••••••••••••
2 168 .697 33. 46 48. 0 ••••• 168 •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••
.606 30. 64 60. 4 •• ••• 392 136
203 ••••••••••••••••••••
14 731
46 ••••••••••••••••••••
9
731 .678 32. 82 48. 4 ••••• 689 •••••
.796
604
2
Vermont ••••••••••.•1---1---1---l-38._so_1__48._84 ._._··-1·1--6l_l+-93--1-·-··_·_··+·-··_·-4·._._··-·1->-·_·_··-1,·_·_··.;.·
68 6,726 • 701
TotaL•••••••••••.• l===l==l-==l=34.=2=1
48. 8 ••••• 4, 963 231 494 ••••• ••••• 37 ~
MllllSBChusetts.......
New Hampshire.....
New J'ersey••••••••••
New York...........
Pennsylvania.........
Rhode Island........
I
Weavers, female:
Comiectieut.........
Maine...............
Massachusetts.......
New Hampshire.....
NewJ'ersey..........
New York...........
Pennsylvania••• -...
Rhode Island........
Vermont............
Total..............
9
138
276
11 1, 295
12
6
4
2
2'18
390
46
412
686
13
9
2 192
67 3,713
• 688 33. 78
• 621 30. 93
• 684 32. 83
• 669 29. 29
.691 83.68
• 681 82. 69
• 537 27. 33
• 661 SL 26
• 790 37, 92
• 6M 3L 98
~
6
6
1a;16 :• 619
Rhode Island........
Other States..-.....
3
Total..............
19
18
40
246
Oloth Inspectors, female:
MllllS8Chusetts.......
PeDDSylvanla........
6
9
190
42
~~
••••• 196 •••••
•••••
46 •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••
178 97 137 ••••••••••••••••••••
682 •••••
4 ••••••••••••••••••••
192 ••••• •••••• • ••••••••••••••••••
3,111 141 1~
· · · · - ~ ••••••••••
•••••
•••••
•••••
g:::::
1a; :::::6 ::::::
::::: ::::: ::::: ::::·
••••• ••••••
10 ••••••••••••••••••••
18 •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••
18 ••••••••••••••••••••
•••••
•••••
22 •••••
212
6
•••••
===- ==-
1
~
28 •••.••••••••••••••••
6L 6 •••••
48. 0 •••••
190 ••••• _.1.. ,._....,_ _, ....•.••••
11
12
9 ••••••••••••••••••••
13 •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••
48. 6 .....
214
48. 0 -•··
J
·
26' •••••••••••••• ··-·
81 ••••••••••••••••••••
••••• 1, 296 •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••
•••••
72 ••••• 206 ••••••••••••••••••••
••••• 339 61 ••••••••••••••••••••••••••
112 •••••
•••••
.,J!!:.!. ••••.
32. 50 62. 6
, 666 SL 44 48. 0
• 582 29. 61 50. 7
• 582 28. 34 48. 7
• 507 M. 8'
• 402 a 70
Other Btates.••••••••.1-...;3:...i-...,.;;;;13~.;..•4;;;.73;;..1 22. 70
Total..·-·········1=..18:1.:::::246=1='484= 23. 62
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
49. 1
49. 8
48. 0
62. 4
48.6
48. 0
60. 9
48. 0
48. O
= ::
Cloth Inspectors, male: ====i==
r:::=~~:::::::
PeDDSylvanla.........
J
12
19 ••••••••••••••• ~
22
WAGES AND HOURS OF LABOR-WOOLEN AND WORSTED GOODS!
TABLE A.-AVERAGE HOUll,S AND EARNINGS AND CLASSIFIJ;;,;D
FULL-TIME HOURS PER WEEK, BY OCCUPATION, SEX, AN,o
STATE, 1924-Continued
Number of employees whose full•time hours
per week wereAver• Aver
Num•Num Aver•
age 1---r--.---:--,---, ----.--,--age
ber ber
Over
Over 57
Of earn• time f!}ll·
of
48
54 and
estab- em• ings f!81"n•
Un•
and
lish• ploy• per
mgs per der 48 Ull· 54 and Ull· 60 Over
Un• der
60
ments ees hour
wiek 48
der
der 60
57
54
r':M.
Occupation, Sill:, and
State
l::S
J>:ic
,.
Burlers, female:
CoDllOOtiCUt •••••• _..
Maine...............
Massachusetts.......
llt,~ifI(
Vermont............
Total ••••••••••.•..
20
605
256
183
81
177
258
65
.333
.392
.450
.508
.530
.368
.387
.429
16. 58
18.82
24.12
24.38
25.44
18.69
18.69
20. 59
48.8
49.8
48.0
53.6
48.0
48.0
50.8
48.3
48. 0
60 1,711
.420
20.66
49.2
84
25.93
21.45
45
55
92
182
364
148
.526
• 445
.551
.531
.599
.574
.528
.552
.446
25.81
28.99
27.55
27.19
26.66
21.41
49.3
48.2
48.0
48.6
48.4
48.0
51. 5
48. 3
48.0.
64 1,850
.534
25.90
48.5 ••.•. 1,657
4
2
9
7
2
61
18
33
150
64
31
33
29
30
78
466
.631
.641
.648
• 536
• 728
.583
.574
• 615
.520
.601
30. 48
31. 34
31. 10
28.46
35. 02
48. 3
48. 9
48. 0
53.1
48.1
48. 0
51. 8
48. 2
48. 2
2
5
.440
8
7
10
5
4
2
13
9
2
66 $0.457 $22.30
9 ••••••••••••••••••••
6 ••.•....•• ··-·· ···-·
57
14
601
4
~I~
j! ~~;;~,··~ii.~~~~~
:!....... \..
.!...... ..... ..'.;J~~~~~
65 .•••
t---+--+---+--- l--+--l--•'--:--
Menders, female:
Connecticut •••••••••
Maine ....•...••••••.
Massachusetts .•••••.
New Hampshire ..•••
New Jersey ••••••.•••
New York .••.•••••••
Pennsylvania••••• _••
Rhode Island.•••••• _
Vermont ••••••••••••
Total •••••••• ·-····
Perchers, male:
Connecticut.........
Maine...............
Massachusetts .•.. __ .
New Hampshire.....
New Jersey..........
New York •••••••••• _
Pennsylvania........
Rhode Island........
Vermont............
9
10
10
5
4
2
13
9
2
9
12
11
5
74
806
26. 45
27. 98
29. 73
29. 64
25. 06
4 1, 339· 35
-··--------------·---
66
71
806
26
50
92
50
348
148
I
333 •••.. ----·'····· ··-·-
==='.
18 ···-- ---·• ••••••••••
.••••
3 ----- ---·· •••••....•
.••••
••••••••.••..•....•••.••••. ••••
19 •......•••.••••••••.
5 •••••••••••••••• ••••• •••••
88 ••••..••••••••• :::::
16 •.... ---·· •...• ··•··
••.•••••••• ··-·- .•.••...•• ·····
44
49
144 ......•.•...... ____ _
17
1 ..... ·--·· •.......•.
28
5
150
54 ••....••••••••••••••
10 ..•••
1 ••••••.•......••••••.••.••
30
33
15 .•••...••••••••••...
4
10
1 •••.. _____ ••••.•..••
29
1 .....
77 .•.•. ..•••• •.... .•...
as: ...:....::. ::::: :::~:11--+•··
Pert;;~;~::::::::::::::=-=-~-=-=-=-=t•=:=: =:=: ::: :o :::::
.••••
====
20 .••••••••••.•.•...•••..••• ...•.
. 532 25. 54 48.
20
4
Rhode Island........
1 ..... ·---· ...•......
2
7
. 359 17. 77 49. 5 .•.•.
10
4
Other States.........
1
2 - --1
~
=
4&4
--i---i----,--21-.-88
Total .••••••••••••. 10
.452
35
o===.--'= 1=~....,.-===== =l==:•==l===i= ===
Fullers, male:
8
I ...•...•••...•••••••
• 506 24. 64 48. 7
9
6
Connecticut •••••••• ~
17
3
• 499 24. 40 48. 9
20
12
Maine...............
102
• 522 25. 06 48. o
102
10
Massachusetts.......
3 •••••.•.••.•••...••.
13 .••.•
.495 24.30 49.1
16
5
New Hampshire.....
2 •••••.•••••••••.•.•••..•••
14
. 603 29. a1 48. 6 •••••
16
4
New Jersey········-·
0
Pennsylvanla........
Rhode Island........
6
5
2
1
10
18
30
6
227
. 534
• 464
.478
. 511
.512
27. 77
22. 92
24.57
6 .••••..••. ···-· ..•..
2
3
52. O •••••
1
5 •••••••••••.••••••••••••..
13
49. 4
6
••••. ..••• •••••
••••••
24 •••••
51.4
6 ........................... ... .
48. o .....
49.0 ~ ~ - 9 - 1
Vermont............
24. 53
Other States.........
25.09
Total •••••••••••••• ~
==l=======i===a==~====
Washer tenders, cloth,
male:
1 •••••.••••...••.....
12
. 492 23. 86 48. 5
13
8
Connecticut.........
2 ··-··
3 ••••• ••.•.
13
• 481 24. 19 50. 3
18
12
Maine...............
8
••••• •••.. ••••.
.••.••
•••..
130
49.1
24.11
491
.
138
11
Massachusetts.......
13 •••..•••.•••••••...•
5 .••.•
. 460 23. 78 51. 7
18
5
New Hampshire.....
1 ••••••••••.•••••..••...•••
125
28.34 48.2
126
4
New
9 .•.•.
12 •••.. •••.•• .•••• ..•••
. 511 27.13 53.1
21
2
New York...........
13 ••••••••••••••••..•.
10
4
. 494 25. 98 52. 6
27
8
Pennsylvania........
1 •••••••••.•.•••••.•.
7
11
• 472 23. 69 50. 2
19
8
Rhode Island........
7
15 •.......••. -···- .•.•• ·-···
. 462 24. 67 53. 4
22
2
Vermont............
Total •••••••••.•••• 1---60-t--4,-02- • 618 l-25-.7-4-+-4-9-.7- =I 32718 3 1 = = 1115
Jersey..........
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
12 ·== ·=l--6
.588
-.
23
GENERAL TABLES
A..-AVERAGE HOURS AND EARNINGS AND CLASSIFIED
FULL-TIME HOURS PER WEEK, BY OCCUPATION, SEX, AND
STATE, 1924-Concluded
TABLE
Num• Num•
ber ber
of
of
estab• em•
lish• ploy•
ments ees
Occupation, se:r, and
State
Number of employees whose full•tlme hours
per week wereAver• Aver•
1
----------age
f'
;
M.
age
full•
Over
earn• time time
57
48
ings earn• hours Un·
per
ings
and
per der 48 un• 54
hour per week
48
der der
der
week
Aver•
o;_:r
t':i~ t':i~
Dryer tenders, cloth,
male:
Connecticut .••••••••
Maine .........••••••
Massachusetts ...•..•
New Hampshire ..•••
New Jersey ....••.•••
New York •....•..•••
Pennsylvania ..••••••
Rhode Island.•••••••
Vermont.····-······
T otaI. .••••••••••••
10 $0. 451 $21. 92
15
. 467 23. 54
114
. 494 24. 80
21
• 464 2.3. 99
45
. 643 30. 99
10 . 489 23. 47
21
. 473 25. 02
17
.440 21.30
14
. 467 21. 9"
48. 6
50. 4
50. 2
51. 7
48. 2
52. 9
48.4
48. 0
1 ....••........•.....
9
10
4 ...•. ·•··· .....
1
102 .•.•• ...... ..... .....
1
11
8 ...•.
13 .......•....... ···•·
44
1 ······ ......•...••.•. ·•·••
JO
3
14 ...•••....•....•.•..
4
1 .•.•..•••.........••
16
14
59
267
. 506
25. 20
40. 8
216
8
40
67
781
162
65
22. 50
85
140
267
,463
.473
.466
•• 411
. 533
. 444
.427
. 390
.448
22.32
21. 54
25. 74
21.31
22.29
18. 76
22.98
48.6
49.5
47.9
52.4
48. 3
48.0
52.2
48.1
61. 3
64 1,672
. 461
22.19
49.2
7
12
11
5
4
2
8
8
2
Total..............
Truckers, male:
Connecticut ....•••••
Maine ...•.•....•.•••
Massachusetts ...••..
New Hampshire ..•••
New Jersey.•...•.•••
New York ••.••••••••
Pennsylvania .•••••••
khode Island ..••••••
Vermont. •••••••••••
48. 0
12
33
=====,J==r-=l==l==l====l===l==l==lc=
12
11
5
3
2
12
9
2
65
23.(1
40
... i.
36
52
738
45
60
65
18
137
211
4
13
2 •••••.••••
••••••••••• -···· •••••
1
2
•••.. 112
3 .••••
2 .•.••
6 ••••••••••••••••••.•••••••
.• 12· •.. 55
::: ......... :.. :::::
2 ••••••••••••••••••••
• •••• ····-· •••••
8
48
l--+---+--+---+---i--+--1---,1--+--l---il--+--
i==+==+===i===i,==
Laborers, dyehouse,male:
8
.462 22.69 48. 9
80
Connecticut •.•.•••••
12
.457 22. 71 49. 7
Maine .....••••••••••
73
11
• 496 23.86 48.1
Massachusetts •••••••
300
.471 24.49 62. 0
New Hampshire •••••
5
72
104
4
. 568 27.66 48. 7
New Jersey•••.••••••
46
.485 23.28 48.0
2
New York •..••.••••.
. 511 25. 86 60.6
8
Pennsylvania..••••••
71
.464 22.50 48. 5
83
7
Rhode Island ••••••••
. 465 24.39 53. 6
49
2
Vermont ••••••••••••
T ot al .••••••••••••.
41 1,362
17
186
3
10
3
50
68
12 •••..••.•••..•• ··-··
52 ••...
21 •......•.•••.•••••••
293
6 ••••.••.•..•••••
2 .••••
24 •••••
48 •••..•••••...•••.••.
89
16 ..•.•.••••..•.••.....•.•••
45
40
16
11 •...• ••••.
5 •••••
76
6
2 ••••....•......•.•.•
33 ..•.......• ·•·•· ...•• .....
16
l--+---+---l---+--+--+---,l--+--1--41--+--+--
Other employees, male:
Connecticut ••....•..
Maine ...•••..••••.•.
Massachusetts ..•.••.
New Hampshire••.••
New Jersey ....•••••.
New York .....••••••
Pennsylvania..••••••
Rhode Island ••••••••
Vermont ..••••••••••
T ot al ••••••••••••••
59
877
.490
24.11
9
223
12
393
11 3,273
5
745
928
4
2
337
18
837
9
744
2
504
.466
A80
. 619
.447
.692
.454
.620
• 491
.486
23.16
23. 71
72 7,984
.509
25.09
49.2
41
719
16
94
49. 7
6
152
51
14 •••.. ·•·•• •••••
49.4 ••... 315
2
64 ··•··
3
3
6
48.2 162 3,047
8
55
1 ••.... ..... ....•
23.51 62.6
139 ·-··· 567
37 --···
2 ·-···
895
28. 63 48.2
33 ..•••.•.... ···-· •.•.••••..
22.00 48. 6
320 .•.••......•.... ··--· 17 •••..
251 122
27.61 63.1
415
6 •••••
3
40
23.22 47. 3
2
728
14 ·-··· ..••••.... ·•···
402
24.69 50.8
21 --···· .....
1
31
49
25.02
l--+---+---l---+--t--+---,--+--1---,--t--+--
Other employees, female:
Connecticut .•••..•••
Maine .......••••••••
Massachusetts ...••••
New Hampshire.••••
New Jersey .•.•••••••
New York ..•.•••••••
Pennsylvania .•••••••
Rhode Island.•••••••
Vermont. •••••••••••
Total ••••••••••••••
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
60
57
54
49. 3
170 6,249
179 1, 111
57
4
64
150
====01=====1=====1·===1===1°==1=====1==1,==1==1°==1°==1==
9
G9
126
11
11 1,647
522
5
4
400
2
139
15
406
9
386
2
238
.337
.350
.387
.352
68 3,939
• 382
.488
• 356
.379
.379
. 305
16.18 48.0
3
65
1 •.•..••.•. ·-··· ..••.
17.26 49.3 .•..•
99
27
18. 46 47. 7 119 1, 528
15 ..••• 503
18. 94 53. 8
4 •••••••••• •••••
392
23.52 48. 2
14 .....•...••••.•. ·•··· ·•·•·
17.09
19. 71
18. 27
14. 64
i~:g
··-r
48. 2
m
48. 0
376
238
49. 1
126 2, 958
52
244 •.•.. ····- ........•.
10 ••••••••••••••••••••
l--+---1---1---+--+--+-~l----l--1-~1----1--+-18. 76
66
785
4 .•.•• -··•- .·•...
24
W AG:gg AND HOURS OF LABOR-WOOLEN AND WORSTED GOODS
TABLE B.-AVERAGE ACTUAL AND FULL-TIME HOURS AND EA}iN\
INGS, BY OCCUPATION, SEX, AND STATE, 1924
ONE-WEEK PAY PERIOD
AverAverage mun•
Aver- Averber of da_ys Aver- age
age . age
Per
hours cent
age
worked m
fullactual
full- actupay period
Numtime
of
time all\
earnbyber of
earn- _ings
full
emhours wor .. time
ployees
ed in work- ings
mone
in
per
pay
one
Estab- Em- pay
pay
ed
lish- ploy- period pay
period period
period
ments ees
Number of
establishments
Occupation, sex, and State
--male:
sorters,
Wool
_______________________
Maine
Massachusetts_______________
New Hampshire_____________
New Jersey __________________
Pennsylvania________________
Rhode Island________________
Other States_________________
Total______________________
sorters, female:
Wool
_______________
Massachusetts
Other States_________________
Total______________________
Wool washer tenders, male:
Massachusetts_______________
New Hampshire_____________
New Jersey__________________
Pennsylvania________________
Rhode Island________________
Other States_________________
TotaJ. __________________ -__
tenders, male:
Picker
________________
Connecticut.
Maine_______________________
Massachusetts_______________
New Hampshire_____________
New Jersey __________________
Pennsylvania________________
Rhode Island________________
Vermont. ____________________
Other States. ________________
TotaJ. _____________________
tenders, male:
CardConnecticut
_________________
Maine_______________________
Massachussetts_____________
New Hampshire____________
~=: ~~/.: : : : : : : : :
Pennsylvania________________
Rhode Island___ -----·-·-- ___
Vermont ___ ---·------------TotaJ. ____________________ ·
female:
tenders,
CardMaine
_______________________
Other States_______ ·-··- _____
Total ____ -____ -_-- -- ---- -- -- Card strippers, male:
Connecticut_ ________________
Maine_______________________
Massachusetts_______________
New Hampshire __ -··--·- ____
~=: ~~:::-::::::::::::::::
Pennsylvania. _______________
Rhode Island ________________
Vermont. __________ -----·--Total_________ -·•-_________
1
$17.51
29. '86
26. 74
39,85
35.88
35. 71
21. 73
38. 33
30.'98
-;--
95
96
28. 51
35. 93
~:~t
45.8
95
29.31
48.3
52. 7
48.0
52. 4
48. 0
48.0
52. 7
46. 9
52. 7
68. 8
59.6
71.0
109
89
110
112
124
148
25.12
5. Ii
49.1
54. 3
5. 6
5. 3
5. 6
99
92
102
100
5.6
5. 5
5. 6
6.6
4. 7
5.5
48. g
48. 4
45.1
49.2
49.1
50.0
49.0
48. 8
48. 6
48. 0
51.1
54. 3
48. 0
44. 9
46. 6
48. 0
37. l
48. 0
49. 3 ~
5.6
5.5
5. 6
5. 9
6. 5
6.0
6. 3
5. 7
6. 0
5. 6
5.4
5.2
5.3
5. 6
5.5
6.0
4. 8
5. 5
5.8
5.4
49. 7
50.8
48.8
50.4
48. 3
48.0
50.81
48. 0
51. 2
49. 3
45. 8
47.2
51. 7
49.1
52. 6
63.2
47.6
51. 6
52. 7
50.8
5.2
4. 3
4. 5
48.0
48.0
48.0
41.1
38.8
34. 3
46. 3
50.9
44. 5
36.8
49.4
39. 9
5. 5
6. 7
48.0
49. 7
45. 6
47.li
6. 6
5.6
48. 2
5.3
5. 8
5.9
5.9
5. 7
6.0
5.2
5. 0
5.95.9
5. 7
6.0
5. 6
32
75
64
22
24
42
7
10
6
272
5. 7
5. 7
5. 8
5. 7
5. 8
5. 4
5. 6
6. 0
6.0
5. 7
38
66
202
34
53
21
44
39
3
4. 7
4. 7
4. 0
5.6
5.6
5.5
4. 7
354
5.5
4. 8
3
2
58
7
5. 6
5. 7
5
65
58
9
20
14
7
5
3
176
70
19
19
118
4. 7
64
---=
=
6
2
2
14
3
2
=
79 $22.15
52. 0
48.0
53.6
48.0
52. 9
48. 0
48. 0
5.9
4. 0
6. 8
6. 7
5. 7
6.0
2
5
2
2
13
3
1
119
=
7
12
8
4
3
14
3
2
1
144
7
11
9
4
3
2
14
4
2
1 46
113
26
523
=
61
6
21
73
!
94
5. 4
4. 7
4. 9
27
58
104
43
26
11
29
23
44
365
5.8
5. 6
5.9
5. 7
5.8
6.0
5. 3
5.8
6. 0
5. 8
12
7
12
9
5
3
2
14
4
2
1 48
5.5
-
=
==== ====== - ·
=
81
=
=
27.87
23.61
28. 66
22. 79
21.60
22.85
27. 38
21. 02
31.49
25.59
26.86
33.80
24. 99
27.63
106
94
97
77
98
21. 56
22. 58
24. 21
23.81
25. 66
23.61
21. 41
20.06
21. 74
23.22
21. 33
20.69
24. 62
23. 93
25.30
25. 13
20.02
19.44
16. 82
22. 75
92
93
106
97
109
132
94
108
103
103
20.43
22.00
22. 55
23.08
3L01
21. 60
25. 70
20. 21
23.04
23. 32
23. 88
. 22. 48
33. 78
28.47
24. 07
2L 76
23. 71
24.02
43.5
35. 5
3'l,3
91
74
78
18. 67
19. 97
16. 90
14. 80
45.4
47. 3
44. l
42.6
50. 7
58. l
50. 7
51.0
66. 6
93
96
92
82
104
121
102
106
108
23.86
25.29
23.86
22.84
29.56
23.47
29. 37
22.85
29.96
-------
5.4
48. 7
49.5
5. 3
6. 2 48.0
51.9
4. 6
48. 7
5. 7
48.0
6.0
49. 7
5.1
48.0
5. 7
61. 9
5. 9
5. 3 ~ .
Not Including 1 establishment having a i-week pay period.
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
=
36.96
41. 75
42.19
37. 35
38.50
28.32
81
64
94
96
93
77
49.1
=
111
-= =
99
18.82
20. 44
- - ---
~I
19. 63
25.55
I
15. 21
22. 25
24.19
21. 91
18. 76
30.81
28. 41
29. 96
24. 28
32. 27
24. 79
25
GENERAL TABLES
TABLE B.-AVERAGE ACTUAL AND FULL-TIME HOURS AND EARN' INGS, BY OCCUPATION, SEX, AND STATE, 1924-Continued
ONE-WEEK PAY PERIOD-Continued
j
Numberof
establishments
Occupation, sex, and State
Card grinders, male:
Massachusetts•••••••••••••••
Pennsylvania. •••••••••••••••
Other States•••••••••••••••••
Total••••••••••••••••••••••
Gill Massachusetts
box tenders, male:
_______________
Pennsylvania________________
.''Rhode Island________________
Other States__________ ------.
=
I
Total ••••••••••••••••••••••
Total ••••••••••••••••••••••
Drawing
frame tenders,
male:
Massachusetts
_______________
Other States•••••••••••••••••
Total••••••••
8
=
=
Spinners,
mule, male:
________________
Connecticut.
Maine .. _...•.•_______________
___ -·-····---.
Massachusetts
New Hampshire_____________
New Jersey __________________
New York ___________________
Pennsylvania ________________
Rhode Island
.•••••••••••••••
Vermont
_____________________
Total ••••••••••••••••••••••
=
5. 6
5. 3
5. 6
5.4
5. 2
5.6
48. 0
49.9
48. 0
5. 5
5.4
48. 7
5. 5
5.0
6. 0
5.4
5. 2
4. 8
5. 7
4. 7
60. 6
5. 5
=
5.1
103
104
127
62.1
107
5L2
48.1
50. 7
49.5
107
95
106
89
21.94
26.36
48. 0
65. 6
49.9
60. 7
102
21. 91
22. 28
38.9
48.1
47.6
5Ll
4L6
42.5
81
100
19.35
21.55
16.36
19.41
16.42
15. 26
16. 73
21.60
15.23
18. 75
14.22
11.93
43. 3
89
18. 58
16.47
49.9
49.9
104
Ill
25.97
25.26
26.96
23.00
101
25.89
26.02
38. 8
48. 6
51. 5
41.9
46.2
81
101
98
87
96
22.13
22. 70
18. 98
20.54
16.66
44. 3
91
=
48
47.9
48. 0
48. 0
52. 9
48.0
54. 3
113
388
6.4
5.1
48. 9
3
4
162
50
5. 4
5. 6
6. 2
6. 0
54. 8
7
11
66
212
=
2
2
12
2
1
I
=
9
=
a
I
14
7
12
9
5
3
2
13
3
2
146
100
5.4
..,,.:=
196
67
263
970
6.4
=
4. 9
5.4
5. 6
5.4
6. 0
23
19
12
31
15
3
5
2
13
3
3
=
=
5. 5
4.6
=
5.2
6. 2
=
49.6
=
29.22
=
31.22
23.40
25. 05
16. 90
22. 41
17.86
19.98
=
48. 5
4.8
4. 4
48.0
52. 9
42.2
45.6
88
86
21.02
23. 33
18. 47
20.13
4. 7
49.2
43.1
88
21.60
18.90
48.0
48.0
51.6
48.0
51. 3
40.0
46.1
48.1
42.4
45. 7
83
96
93
88
89
19.82
20.54
18.32
17. 62
20. 01
16. 53
19. 70
17.06
16. 55
17.84
42. 3
87
19.47
44.2
41.3
36. 7
42. 3
44. 2
39.2
45.6
46.4
91
83
76
83
90
82
98
115
95
31.20
38. 59
38.16
36.35
37.24
38. 211
31.16
40.18
39.63
41.3
84
- -=
1,825
6. 4
5.1
-48. 8
113
172
82
95
5. 7
5. 5
5. 0
5. 2
5. 6
6. 0
5. 6
6. 0
5. 6
I. 4
6.1
4. 6
4. 7
5. 2
5.1
5. 3
5. 7
5. 3
48. 6
49.6
48. 0
51.2
49.0
48.0
51.5
48.0
48.8
1,286
6. 4
5.0
48.9
=
49.9
=
$28. 88
34. 59
30. 92
5.1
- - - ---- - =
====
=
24. 34
48. 0
48.0
52.3
48. 0
48.0
4. 8
5.2
5.2
5.0
5. 6
78
110
97
87
78
$27.94
33.18
4. 7
6.8
5. 5
5. 2
5.8
5. 2
5.4
6.6
5. 3
6.8
87
61
99
-=== =
48.0
141
101
290
323
488
-=-== =
48. 0
4. 7
5. 3
6. 7
6.5
5.1
6.4
Including 1 establishment haviJIII a 3-week pq period.
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
49.6
52. 0
61.0
6. 0
5. 5
5. 9
6. 7
5. 8
5.5
126
95
42
=
=
343
3
2
2
12
3
1
-- - - -8 =
Total•••••••••••••••••••••.
=
231
8
• 19
85
2
2
2
2
Drawing frame tenders, female:
Massachusetts. ______________
New Jersey __________________
Pennsylvania.•••••••••• _____
Rhode
Island_________________
••••••••••••••••
Other States
1 Not
36
I-=-==
Other States•••••••••••••••••
Comber tenders, female:
Massachusetts •.•••••••••••••
New
Jersey •....•••••••••••••
Pennsylvania
________________
Rhode Island••••••••••••••••
Other States•••••••••••••••••
18
13
5
l4
Total .••••••••••••••••••••.
Total••••••••••••••••••••••
~k-
7
14
3
Gill box tenders, female:
Massachusetts _______________
New Jersey __________________
New York ___________________
Pennsylvania
••••••••••••••••
Rhode Island_______________
Comber tenders, male:
..•••••••••••••
Massachusetts
Other States _________________
Average numAverAver- Averber of days Aver- age
worked in
age
age hours Per
f~e1pay period
Numfoll- actu- cent
time actual
of
byearnber of
time
earnfoll
lngs
emhours
lngs !none
time
ed In workployees
In
per
pay
Esta!>- Em- pay
one
pay
ed
llsh- ploy- period pay
period period
period
ments ees
=
20.47
=
- -- - =
50.6
36.92
=
17.88
22. 98
18. 70
17.94
16.05
=
=
18. 69
16.88
28.38
32.13
29. 21
30.06
33.59
31.25
30.52
38.10
37.66
31. 23
I=
26
WAGES AND HOURS OF LABOR-WOOLEN AND WORSTED GOODS
TABLE B.-AVERAGE ACTUAL AND FULL-TIME HOURS AND EARNINGS, BY OCCUPATION, SEX, AND STATE, 1924-Continued \
ONE-WEEK PAY PEBIOD-Oontlnued
Num•
berof
establlshments
Occupation, au:, and State
Averagenum•
Aver•
Aver- Affrber of days
Aver• age
Per
worked In
hours cent
~.
pay
period
Num•
actu.·
of
time
bytime ally
berof
eam•
full
earn•
hours work• time
em·
ed In work• lngs
ployees
iD
ln~e
per
Eatab• Em•
one
pay
pay
ed
lish• ploY• ~ d pay
period
period
ments
8811
period
.=at
~.
Spinners, frame, male:
Massachusetts •••·-·•-·······
Other States •••••••••••••••••
2
1
81
15
6.0
Total••••••• _••••••••••••••
3
46
6.0
Spinners, frame, female:
Massachusetts•••••••••••••••
New Jersey ••••••••••••••••••
Pennsylvania. •••••••••••••••
Rhode Island••••••••••••••••
Other States•• ·-·········-·•·
Total.
8
2
12
3
3
600
77
60
168
1"5
113
1, 05II
--------- =
\
---
I.I
I. 2
48.0
M.O
43.9
47.0
91
87
$21.26
20.r/1
$19.43
17.87
5. 4
50.0
«.9
90
21.05
18.92
5. 0
5. 4
5. 3,
5.3
6. 0
4.8
5.1
5.1
5.1
5. 4
43.0
48.0
49.3
48.0
52.4
4'0.7
44.5
46.4
"2. 0
47.1
85
93
9"
88
20.83
22. 70
17.16
18. 58
20.54
17.69
, 21. 06
'16.17
l'g.28
ts:,46
5. 2
5. 0
48. 7
42.f
87
20.36
17.T.!
6.0
=
90
~
Doffers, male:
Massachusetts•••••••••••••••
Other States •••••••••••••••••
8
13
107
5. 6
6.0
4. 8
5.5
45.8
53.0
37.9
48.8
83
92
15.02
15.11
12.4:;
13.92
Total••••••••••••••••••••••
16
203
5.8
5.1
49.6
43. 7
88
15.03
11.22
Doffers, female:
Massachusetts •••••••••••••••
Rhode Island ••••••••••••••••
Other States •••••••••••••••.•
3
2
313
106
93
5.0
4.6
5. 2
5. 5
11.1
46. 7
47.8
49.5
37.4
41.2
46.4
80
5. 2
86
9"
15.7"
13.15
15.15
12.63
11.32
14.22
19
612
5.1
4.8
47.4
39.9
84
16.03
12.65
6
8
2
18
425
36
61
61
82
4. 8
4. 6
5. 8
4.6
5.5
5. 2
4. 5
4. 6
49.4
48.0
53.8
48.1
48. 0
50.9
48.0
48.0
38.6
37.8
38.1
38.3
43.6
48.5
86.11
37.6
78
78
71
80
91
95
9"
21
4.9
5. 6
6. 0
4. 9
5.9
5.4
4. 9
5.1
78
16.99
19.44
30.29
19.91
23. "2
18. 43
22.37
17.18
13.25
15.10
2L42
15. 83
21.24
17.63
17.20
13.47
4. 7
48. 6
39.0
so'
20.31
16.27
49.8
49.4
30.4
49.4
48.3
48.0
5L0
48.1
48. 0
"°""
82
«.4
92
63
81
15. 82
20.07
12. 57
19.68
17. 73
15. 86
15. 76
15. 56
18. 76
•
Total•••••••••••••••••••••.
96
Twister tenders, female:
Connecticut ••.••••••••••••••
Massachusetts.••••••••••••••
New Hampshire •••••••••••••
New Jersey••••.•••••••••••••
New York•..••••••••••••••••
Pennsylvania••••••••••••••••
Rhode Island •••••••••••••••.
Other States•••••••••••••••••
2
17
7
2
Total ••••••••••••••••••••••
137
788
5. Ii
8
12
2
13
6
2
74
100
566
31
trT
37
129
122
100
5.1
5. 8
4. 2
4. 6
5.1
5.1
5.2
5.2
6.0
4. 9
6. 2
3. 8
4. 0
4. 9
3. 9
4. 7
4. 9
5. 7
91
19.27
23.66
19.82
29.05
19.32
25. 25
19.38
18.90
20.59
63
1,226
4. 8
4.4
48.6
86.0
74
20.36
15.08
li.3
6.7
li.3
li.2
li.1
6. 7
5. 2
5.1
5. 7
5. 3
li.5
2
112
9
2
46
40
132
25
28
24
73
59
38
4. 9
4. 8
li.0
6. 0
4. 8
4.8
48. 7
49. 7
48. 0
50. 9
48.8
48.0
51.8
48.8
112.2
«.2
45.3
39. II
44. 0
42. 7
4L0
«.6
39.8
43.5
91
91
83
86
88
85
87
82
32. 78
36.93
36.38
37.41
33.82
3L82
29. 72
33.67
30.24
32. 33
29.61
27.17
39.23
28.47
80.35
64
f65
5. 3
6.0
49.3
42.3
86
3
21
li.61
4.8
43. 4
82
4
Spooler tenders, female:
Connecticut.••.•••••••••••••
Maine•••.•..••••••••••••••••
Massachusetts•••••••••••••••
New Hampshire•••••••••••••
New Jersey••••••••••••••••••
New York •.•.• ~ •••••••••••••
Pennsylvania. •••••••••••••••
Rhode Island ••••••••••••••••
Vermont•••••••••••••••••••••
Total .•••••••••••••••••••..
11
5
4
I
I
~
Dresser tenders, male:
Connecticut •..••••••••••••••
Maine•••.......•••••••••••••
Massachusetts .••••••••••••••
New Hampshire•••••••••••••
New Jersey•••.••••••••••••••
New York •.•.•••••••••••••••
Pennsylvania..••••••••••••••
Rhode Island ••••••••••••••••
Vermont•••••••••••••••••••••
Total••••••••••••••••••••••
Creelers or tiers-in, female:
All States•.••••••••••••••••••
.
1 Not including 1 establishment
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
8
11
11
5
4
=
=
I
=
=
4.9
having a 2-week pay period.
=
52. 9
=
fL9
30.4
33. 5
30.2
4L6
39. 6
43. 7
=
77
85
63
68
82
88
46.09
14.58
86.38
86.88
=
16.45
=
3L60
13.50
27
GENERAL TABLES
B.-AVERAGE ACTUAL AND FULL-TIME HOURS AND EARNINGS, BY OCCUPATION, SEX, AND STATE, 1924-Continued
TABLE
ONE-WEEK PAY PERIOD-Continued
Average numAverAverber of days
Aver- age
age
Per
worked in
age hours cent
fullpay period
full- actuNumof
time
bytime
ally
ber of
full
earnemhours work- time
in
ployees
ed in work- ings
per
pay
Estab- Emone
pay
ed
ploy- ,period pay
lishperiod
ments
ees
period
Number of
establishments
Occupation, sex, and State
Aver•
age
actual
earn_ings
1none
pay
period
--DrarJ'!f;f~:-~~'.~'--·········-····1
Pennsylvania ..••.••••••••••.
Total. •..••••••....••••.•.. i
Drawers-in, female:
Connecticut _________________
Maine ..............•••••.•.•
Massachusetts ........••...••
,' New Hampshire ......•.....•
' New Jersey ...........•.•.•..
New York ...•........•.•.•.•
Pennsylvania...•.....•.•.•.•
Rhode Island ...•••.••••.••..
Vermont ..•..•...•.•••......
Total......................
Loom fixers, male:
Connecticut....••.•.••••...•
Maine..............•.••..•.•
Massachusetts .............••
New Hampshire....•.•..•..•
New Jersey.......•••.•....••
New York ........•...•...•••
Pennsylvania.........•.•.•••
Rhode Island ......•.••.....•
Vermont. .•.•••.•.••..•.•••..
2
17
2
37
6. 0
5.9
6.0
5. 5
9
39
5. 9
5.5
9
11
11
5
4
2
9
9
38
35
156
40
26
15
49
63
31
453
5.2
5.3
4. 6
5. 9
5. 7
4.5
5.4
5.1
6.0
5.1
4. 7
5.0
4. 3
5. 6
5.6
4. 5
5.0
5.0
6. 0
4.9
I
= = --- =
2
62
j
39
49
285
73
69
24
94
126
60
819
I
165
7
15
18
40
245
9
12
11
5
4
2
113
9
2
-----67
Tota'-·-···············--··
1= =
1
Cloth inspectors, nrnle:
Massachusetts ___ ...•...•••.•
New Jersey ....•....•.••••.•. '
Pennsylvania...•...•.....•.• ,
Rhode Island................
Other States.................
Total.. .......... ···•·•..•.
4
2
14
5
3
1 18
Cloth inspectors, lermle:
---,-Massachusetts...............
6
190
Pennsylvania.... ········--·18
37
Other States.................
3
13
Total.. ••.....•.•••.•.•• _..
1 17 !
240
Burlers, female:
Connecticut •.•.•••.•••••••• _
66
8'
7 I
Maine ............•.••..•••••
20
IO I
Massachusetts .. -....••......
605
New Hampshire ___ ..........
5!
256
4 I
New Jersey ..•.......••....••
183
New York .....•...••••....••
81
2 I
Pennsylvania •••..•..••. ···1g,
Rhode Island •••..........•••
Vermont.._ ••.•......••.....
2
65
- -60- -1,-711Total.. •..•.•.••....•..••••
Menders, female:
Connecticut •••••....••• _....
84
9 I
IO I
Maine .•.•.....•••.•....•••••
74
Massachusetts ........•••••••
806
10
New Hampshire ......••••.••
45
5
New Jersey ••••••.....•.••.•
4
55
New York .....•.........•.•.
92
2
Pennsylvania .•.....•.....••
182
13
Rhode Island ...••• _.•••.••••
364
9
148
2
Vermont ..••......•••..•••••
5.4
5.6
5. 5
5. 8
5.8
5. 3
5. 5
5. 2
9
- -5.5. 5
1 Not
--64 [
1,850
100
93
$34. 32
35. 66
$34. 32
33.18
51. 6
48. 2
93
35. 60
33. 24
49. 3
49. 0
48.0
51. 9
48. 7
48. 0
52.0
48. 5
48. 0
49.1
34.0
36. 9
33.0
49. 2
47.4
34. 8
44. 2
40.5
43. 2
38. 7
69
75
69
95
97
73
85
84
90
79
24.11
28.13
24. 96
24. 34
29. 95
23. 95
28. 81
27. 89
25. 73
26. 27
16.64
21.18
17.17
23. 08
29.17
17. 39
24. 50
23. 26
23. 12
20. 70
5. 1
5. 4
5. 2
5.4
5.8
5.1
5.4
4. 9
5. 9
5. 3
48.8
49. 4
48. 0
53. 0
48. l
48. 0
50. 5
48.2
48. 9
49. 0
43. 8
45. 0
43. 0
49. 0
47. 4
40. 9
48.0
41.5
49. 0
44. 8
90
91
90
92
99
85
95
86
100
91
39.28
39. 92
44. 54
38. 58
41.22
39. 74
46. 31
41.98
40.88
42. 63
35. 23
36.40
39.84
35.64
40.66
33.82
44. 01
36. 13
40. 94
-38. 92
4.5
5.9
6.0
3.9
5.3
4.7
48.0
48.0
52.7
48.0
50.7
48.7
34.1
47. 4
53. 0
33. 0
44. 8
37. 3
71
99
101
69
88
77
27. 07
30. 58
33.36
31. 44
29. 51
19.22
30. 22
33. 54
21.63
26. 06
36.8
47.4
37. 8
38. 5
77
92
79
79
- -- - - ---- - - -
I
- - --
5.0
6.0
6.0
3. 9
6. 0
5. 2
4. 6
5. 7
4.8
4.8
5.0
4. 5
4.5
5.9
5. 7
3. 9
5. 4
4.8
6. 0
5.0
~I~
4.5
!
4.9
4. 5
4. 3
4. 7
5. 5
3. 1
48.6
48.8
49.8
48. 0
53. 6
48.0
48.0
ti ~gJ
I
~,~
4. 6 I 49. 2
5. 2
4.4
4.1
5.4
4.5
4. 2
5. 6
4. 9
5.8
4. 6
j
~I~
5. 3
51. 7
-- - - - - - - - -
40. 4
36. 8
35. 6
39. 3
43. 8
25. 8
44.1
36.9
45.3
38. 2
28.34 2L7i
24. 34
21. 61
22. 70
23. 72
83
22.30
74
16. 58
18.82
74
73
24.12
91
24. 38
25. 44
54
87
18. 69
76
18. 69
94
20. 59
-- 20.66
-78
4.9
4. 2
3. 7
4.8
3.9
3.8
5.1
4. 4
5.5
49.3
48. 2
48.0
48. 6
48. 4
48. 0
51. 5
48. 3
48. 0
39. 7
31. 4
29. 0
39.8
30. 7
31. 0
44.1
34. 2
44.8
81
65
60
82
63
65
86
71
93
4. 2
48. s
33. 8
10
18. 66
19. 84
17. 85
18. 80
18.48
12. 24
13. 96
17. 72
22. 26
13. 70
16. 25
14. 30
19. 43
16. 05
25. 93
21.45
26.45
25.81
28.99
'n. 55
27. 19
26. 66
21. 41
20.89
13. 97
15. 98
21.14
18. 43
17. 78
23. 24
18.88
19. 99
25. 90
18.02
~:==::==,=1===
including 1 establishment having a 2·week pay period.
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
51.0
48. 0
- - - ===.::=::=
m
Total. ••••••••.•.••••••••••
51.0
51.6
1
28
WAGES AND HOURS OF LABOR-WOOLEN AND WORSTED GOODS
TABLE B.-AVERAGE ACTUAL AND FULL-TIME HOURS AND EARNINGS, BY OCCUPATION, SEX, AND STATE, 1924-Continued
ONE-WEEK PA.Y PERIOD-Continued
Occupation, sex, and State
Num•
ber or
estsbllsh•
ments
Perchers, male:
Connecticut .••••••••••••••••
~:~:chusetts .••••••••..••••
New Hampshire.•••••••.••••
New Iersey ..••••••••••••••••
New York ..••••••••••••...••
Pennsylvania •••••••••••••••
Rhode Island ....••••••••••••
Vermont .••••••••....•••••••
Total••••••••••••••••••••••
Perchers, female:
Maine .......••••••••••••••••
Rhode Island .••••••••••••••
Other States...••••.•••••••••
Tots!. •••••••••••••••••••••
AverAverage mun•
Aver• AverAver• age
ber of dSY!I
age
Per
age
hours cent
worked in
full· actual
~. sctu· of
pay period
Num•
time
time
esm•
byber of
esm•
full
hours
em•
ings in!ngs
time
edin work•
one
ployees
in
per
pay
pay
one
Estsb- Em•
pay period
ed
llsh• ploy• period pay
period
period
ments
~k-
-
18
9
33
12
150
11
M
6
31
4
2
33
29
9
7
30
2
78
61 ~
5.6
5. 2
5.1
5.1
5. 5
5. II
5. 7
2
Ii
4
20
4
10
10 --35-
4. fl
- - - ==- =
=
4.8
6. 0
5.4
4.3
5. 4
4. 6
=
5. 6
5.1
4. 6
4. 6
5. 3
5. 3
5.6
4. 6
5. 7
5.0
48. 3
46. 7
41. 7
48. 9
37. 2
48. 0
n.o
53.1
43. 2
48.1
46. 0
48. 0
52. 3
51.8
37.5
48. 2
48.2
'~
42.2
49.1
=
=
23.1
27.1
45.1
5. 2
Ii. 2
4. 6
5. 3
5. 8
5. 5
4. 6
5. 7
45.3
48. 7
43. 0
48.9
5
39.
48.0
46. 8
49.1
50.0
48.6
52.5
52.0
45. 6
49.4
57.0
51.4
64.4
48. 0
49.0 ~
93
88
82
95
103
101
92
111
134
92
99
91
84
95
95
48.4
31. 7
=
Washer tenders, male:
Connecticut ..•..••••••••••••
Maine..•......••..••••••••••
Massachusetts ...••••••••••••
New Hampshire•.•••••••••••
New Jersey....•••.•••••.••••
New York ......••••• - ••••••
Pennsylvania...••••.••••••••
Rhode Island ••••••••••••••••
Vermont ....•••••.••••••••••
Total. •.••••••••••••••••••.
13
5.3
5.3
18
5.1
4. 8
5.1
138
4. 6
18
5,3
5.6
5.6
126
5. 2
21
4. 3
3.8
27
5.6
5.4
19
4. 5
4. 5
22
5. 7
5.4
402 ~ ~
48. 5
50.3
49.1
51. 7
48. 2
53.1
52. 6
50. 2
53. 4
49. 7
48.1
45.9
41.3
49.1
45.6
46.9
50.6
42.0
55. 5
45.1
10
15
114
21
45
10
21
17
14
267
48.6
50.4
50.2
51. 7
48. 2
48.0
52. g
48. 4
48.0
49.8
Dryer tenders, male:
Connecticut..•••••••••••••••
Maine.•..•••••••••••••••••••
Massachusetts ..•••••••••••••
New Hampshire ....••••••.••
New Jersey ••...••••.•..•••••
New York_·--··············
Pennsylvania •••.•••••..••••
Rhode Island ••••••••••••••••
Vermont ••••••••••••••••.•••
Total. •••••••••••••••••••••
20
102
16
16
=
=
8
12
11
5
4
2
8
8
2
60
7
12
11
5
4
2
8
8
2
59
5.6
4. 8
,5. 8
6. 0
- -6.0
- -5.6
I==
=
5.2
5.1
5.1
5.8
5. 7
5.0
5.9
5. 3
6. 0
5.4
5.2
4. 9
4. 8
5. 4
5. 6
4. 8
5. 7
5. 2
5.4
5.1
5.8
5. 4
5. 6
5.4
5.2
6.2
5.3
5.8
5.8
5.5
5.2
5.6
5.3
- - -'-----
Truckers, male:
40
Connecticut ...••••••••.•••••
8
Maine. __ .....•••••••••••••••
12
67
781
11
Massachusetts.••.•••••••••••
162
5
New Hampshire •••••••••••••
65
3
New Jersey.••..•••••••.•••••
65
New York. .•••••••••••••••• _
2
68
Pennsylvania. .••••••••••.•••
'10
140
9
Rhode Island ..••••••••••••••
267
Vermont .• - ••••••••••••.•••• ,_!..
1
1,655
62
""
Total. .............•.....
5.9
-
5.0
--
5.9
6.0
5.9
5. 7
5.8
5. 7
• Not Including 2 establishments having a 2-week pa:, period.
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
48
56
91
-65
=
$30. 48
31.34
31.10
28.46
36.02
27.98
29. 73
29.64
25.06
29.51
--21.12
25.M
17. 77
21.88
=
$29. 50
'
26. 73
24.12
21. 97
31. 42
26. 85
30.00
23.09
':24. 88
~
.
'
=
10. il7
14. 4ii'
16.18
14.32
22.92
24.M
24.AO
21. 48
20.64
25.06
23.17
24. 30
30.18
29. 31
27. 77
28.00
22.92
21.17
27.24
24. 57
32.91
24. 53
25.09 ~
--- - - - = ---
96
84
104
91
23.88
24.19
24.11
23. 78
28. 34
27.13
25.98
23.69
24.67
25. 74
23.67
22.07
20.26
22.55
26.82
23.97
24.99
19. 82
25. 67
23.40
48.2
47.2
47.8
49.5
47.4
51.3
55.6
48.5
46. 5
48. 6
99
94
95
96
98
107
105
100
97
98
21.92
23.54
24. 80
23.99
30.99
23. 47
25. 02
21.30
21.94
25. 20
21. 73
22.03
23.63
22.99
30. 50
25. 08
26.33
21. 33
21.25
24. 57
«. 7
92
22.50
23. 41
22.32
21. 54
25. 74
21. 31
22.12
18. 76
22.98
22.19
20.66
20. 72
20.09
19.21
25.91
22.90
22. 78
17.09
23.64
20. 81
- -- - =
=
=
90
96
101
78
99
86•
48.0
48.0
49. 5
10
18
30
6
227
5.3
5. 2
5.8
5.5
5.8
77
3.8
3.5
5. 4
4.1
Fullers, male:
6
Connecticut •••••••••••••••••
12
Maine •••.......•••••••••••••
10
Massachusetts ..•.••••••••.••
5
New Hampshire •..••••••••••
4
New Jersey .....•.•.•••••••••
6
Pennsylvania •••••••.•••••••
5
•••
....••.••••
Island
Rhode
2
Vermont .....•••••••••••••••
1
Other States.••••••••••••••••
--51Total••••••••••••••••••••••
9
97
85
78
-48.6
49. 5
47.9
52. 4
48.3
48.0
51. 8
48.1
51. 3
49.2
88
=
43. 8
88
43.1
90
46.8
89
48.6
101
51. 6
108
103
53.4
91
43.9
103
52. 8
46.1 ~
-
29
0:l!lNERAL TABLES
TA~i:.E B.-f VERAGE ACTUAL AND FULL-TIME HOURS AND EARNi INGS, DY OCCUPATION, SEX, AND STATE, 1924-Conoluded
ONE-WEEK PAY PERIOD-Concluded
.
-·
-
Occupation, sex, and State
Num•
ber of
estab·
llsh• •
ments
Laborers, dyehouse, male:
8
Connecticut•••••••••••••••••
12
Maine•..••••..••••••••••••••
11
Massachusetts ...••••.•••••••
5
New Hampshire ..•••.•••••••
4
New Jersey••••.••••••••••••.
2
New York. .•..•••••••..•••••
Pennsylvania.. •••••••••••••••
'6
7
Rhode Island.•••••••••••••••
2
Vermont .•.•••••••••••••••••
2 57
Total ..••.••.••.•••••••••••
Other employees, male:
·· Connecticut •.•.••.••••••••••
9
12
Maine.••..••••••.•••••••••••
11
Massachusetts..•••••••••••••
5
New Hampshire...••••••••••
4
New Jersey••..•••••••...••..
2
New York.••.•.•••.•.....•..
Pennsylvania.. .••••••••••••..
'16
9
Rhode Island•••••••••.....•.
2
Vermont •••••••••••••••••••.
Total._ .•.•••....•••••••••. ~
Other employees, female:
9
Connecticut........••••••••••
11
Maine.····-· ••.•...••••.•.••
11
Massachusetts..•••••••..••••
5
New Hampshire.••.••.••••••
Aver•
Average num•
Aver•
ber of days Aver• age
age
Per
age hours cent
worked in
full·
actu•
pay period
Num•
full·
of
time
bytime ally
berof
full
earn•
hours work• time
em•
ed in work• ings
ployees
in
per
pay
one
Estab-1 Em•
pay
ed
lish• ploy• period pay
period
period
ments ees
80
73
300
72
104
45
64
83
49
870
.
~=: ¥~:::::::::::::::::::
4
2
114
Pennsylvania.•.•••••••......
9
Rhode Island.••••••••.••••••
2
Vermont •..•••••••••••••••••
Total•••••••••••••••••••••• ~
223
393
3,273
745
928
337
734
7«
504
7, 881
69
126
1,647
522
406
139
241
386
238
3,774
5.1
5.4
5.8
5. 9
4. 9
4. 7
5.2
5.9
5.8
5.6
4.4
4. 6
5. 7
5.8
5.0
5. 6
5.5
5. 7
5.4 ~ i
48. 9
49. 7
48.1
52.0
48. 7
48.0
50.5
48.5
53.6
49. 2
45.8
50.0
42.2
50.0
49.5
43.2
58.9
47.5
59. 7
47. 5
49. 7
49.4
48.2
52.6
48.2
48.6
52.8
47.3
50.8
49.2
44.0
43. 7
43.4'
49.5
44. 7
50.4
52. 7
44. 7
53.4
94
101
88
96
102
90
117
98
111
$22.59
22. 71
23.86
24.49
27.66
23.28
24.95
22.50
24.39
24. 06
$21. 15
22.84
23.16
23. 71
25.02
23.51
28.53
22.06
26. 77
23.22
24.69
24.99
20.49
21.01
22.52
22.12
26.45
22.90
26.69
21.92
25.99
23.38
16.18
17.26
18.46
18.94
23.52
17.09
20.34
18.27
14.64
18. 78
13. 73
12.82
14.44
17.27
20.95
15.15
17.07
14.33
13.81
15. 61
-1-= = - - -!___!!_I
5.3
5.4
5.5
5.8
5. 5
5.8
5.9
5.4
5.9
5.1
5.0
5.0
5.4
5.3
5.6
5.5
5.3
5.6
-rr 5T
5.5
5.3
5.1
5.9
5.5
5.9
5.6
5.1
6.0
-rr
5.1
4.5
4.6
5.5
6.1
5.4
5.3
4. 7
5. 7
4.9
48.0
49.3
47. 7
53.8
48.2
48.0
50.6
48.2
48.0
89
88
90
94
93
104
100
95
105
~
46.1 94
=
40.8
36. 6
37.3
49.l
42.9
42.6
42.5
37.9
45.2
85
74
78
91
89
89
84
79
94
7IT 40-7 ~
Aver•
age
actual
earn·
_ings
mone
pay
period
20.90
23.54
28.15
20.95
29.09
22.02
27.14
23.24
TWO-WEEK PAY PERIOD
Weavers, male:
Connecticut •••••••••••••••••
Maine.•... _..•••••••••••••••
Massachusetts•.•••••••••••••
New Hampshire .••••••••••••
New Jersey.•••••••••••••••••
New York. ..••••••••••••••••
Pennsylvania.•••••••••••••••
Rhode Island. •••••••••••••••
Vermont ••••••••••••••••••••
Total. •••••••••••••••••••••
Weavers, female:
Connecticut •••••••••••••••••
Maine..••....•••••••••••.•••
Massachusetts...••••••••••••
New Hampshire•••••••••••••
New Jersey••••••••••••••••••
New York.••••••••••••••••••
Pennsylvania••••••••••••••••
Rhode Island .••••••••••••••
Vermont •.••••••••••••••••••
Total. •••••••••••••••••••••
1 Not
9
12
11
5
4
2
14
9
2
514
494
1,798
313
378
158
731
735
604
11.6
9.8
10.7
10.8
11.1
12.0
10.9
10.3
11.7
10.2
7.4
9.5
9.1
10.6
10.9
8.9
9.0
10.3
97.6
98.8
96.0
102.2
96.0
96.0
100.8
96.8
97.6
83.5
60.1
76.4
78.6
90.1
86.4
81.0
75.4
84.9
86
61
80
77
94
90
80
78
87
$67.92
65.90
69.22
66. 74
71.80
66.92
61.08
65.64
77.60
$58.10
40.07
55.12
51.40
67.43
60.19
49.07
51.10
67.48
68
5,725
10.8
9.4
97.6
78.3
80
68.42
54.85
9
12
5
4
2
13
9
2
138
276
1,295
278
390
46
412
686
192
11.5
10.0
10.5
11.3
11.1
12.0
11.5
11.6
12.0
10.3
8.1
9.5
9.8
10.3
9.9
9.5
10.9
10.9
98.2
99.6
96.0
104.8
97.2
96.0
101.8
96.0
96.0
84.6
67.1
78.0
86.8
85.2
76.6
83.0
87.1
85.3
86
67
81
83
88
82
91
89
67.56
61.86
65.66
58.58
67.16
65.38
54.66
62.50
75.84
58.26
41.68
53.33
48.48
58.90
52.13
44.60
56. 74
67.41
67
3,713
11.1
9.9
97.8
81.4
83
63. 96
53.24
---=
11
including 1 establishment having a 2-week pay period.
• Not including 2 establishmeat, having a 2-week pay perJed.
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
80
TABLE
C.-AVERAGE AND CLASSIFIED EARNINGS PER HOUR FOR SPINNERS AND WEAVERS, BY SEX AND
STATE, 1924
::;:!
>
Number of employees whose earnings per hour wereNum• Num• Aver•
age
11)
60
12
14 16 18 20 25 30 40 50
8
berof berof
6
9
estab•
emearn· and and and and and and and and and and and and and and
lish- ployees lngs per Un• un- Un• Ull· nn• Un• Un• nn• Un· Un• Un· Un• Un· un•
hour der der der der der der der der der der der der der der
ments
Occupation, sex, and Stat.e
8
9
10
12
14
16
18
20
25
30
40
50
60
cts. eta. cts. cts. cts. cts. cts. cts. cts. cts. cts. cts. cts.
70
cts.
G.l
t,;t
70
80
U1
90
and and cts. $1.00 $1.10 $1.25 $1.40
Ull·
Un• and and and and and
der der Ull· under under under over
80
der $1.10 $1.25 $1.40
90
cts. cts. $1.00
-- - Spinners, mule, male:
Connecticut •.••••••••••••••
Maine ..........•••••••••••
Massachusetts •••••••••••••
New Hampshire •••••••••••
New Jersey ••••••••••••••••
New York •.•.•••••••••••••
Pennsylvania ••••••••••••••
Rhode Island ••••••••••••••
Vermont ••••••••••••••••• ~
Total ••••••••••••••••
7
Spinners, frame, female:
Massachusetts .••••••••••••
New Jersey .•••••••••••••••
~~'
aS:1!1:18:: ::::::::::::
Other States •••••••••••••••
Total................
Weavers, male:
Connecticut ••••••••••••••••
Maine ....•..••••••••••••••
M ussachusetts ..••••.••••••
New Hampshire •••••••••••
New Jersey •.••••••••••••••
New York ..•.•••••••••••••
Pennsylvania ••••••••••••••
Rhode Island ••••••••••.•••
Vermont ..•.•••••••••••••••
Total •.••••••••••••••
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
=
12
9
5
3
2
4
3
2
113
172
488
87
61
78
114
82
95
$0.642
• 778
• 795
.710
.760
.797
.609
.837
.812
47
1,290
. 755
3
2
3
3
3
609
77
107
168
145
14
1,106
9
12
11
514
494
5
4
2
14
9
2
68
.434
.473
. 373
. 387
.392
••••• ••••• ••••••••••••••• ••••• ••••• ••••• ••••• ••••• •••••
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..............................1..... ..... ..... .....
•••••
~ ..••• •.•.. .•••• •.••• •.••• ••••• ••••• •.••.
::::: ::::: ::::: ::::: ::::: •• :.: ::::: .. ::: :.:..
·5
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••••• ••••• •.••. ••••• ..••. ••••. ••••• ..••• ..... ...••
1
57
•••••
•••••
•••••
•.•••
4
57
1
2
33
34
51
14
14
15
47
7
21
11
rn2
236
3
411
38
18
9
28
5
27
42
206
12
375
6
6 •••••• ••••••
39
17
16
165
36
14
6
12
10
28
1
4
5
4
5 •••••• •••••••••••• ••••••
30
13
9
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10 .•••• •·•·•• ..•••• ••••••
18
35
21 ..•••• •·•••·
24
26
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318
141 "=== ...••• I =
1
1
1 ..••••
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116
52
I
15
. . • . • • 1. . . . . . . . . . . .
.••••• ••••••
·••·•· •••••.
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1
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!............
. 417 •.•.• ..... ..... .•.•• ..... ..••. ....• ....• .•...
5
393
535
172
2
2
10
6
25
50
75
90
138
103
1,798
313
378
158
731
735
.•••. ••••• ..••. .•••• ••••• ..••• •.••• ..••• •.•.. .•••.
1g
4
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13
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31
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75
604
.696
.667
• 721
.653
.748
.697
.606
.678
.795
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6
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3~
29
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59
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129
28
Jg
169
92
5,725
. 701
115
437
•••••••••• ••••• •••••••••••.•••..••• ··••• •••••
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137
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>
109
36 ..•••.••••••••••••.•.•...••.••••••.••.••••••••...•••
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..•••.....•........•.......•.....••
==========l==l=="==l===b==f.==I==
3 •••.. .••••
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6
•••••••••.•••.•••••• ••••• ···•· ..•..••••.•..•.••••. •·•••
1
• •••• ••••• •••.. ••••• ..••• ..••• •.•.. ••••• •.... ..... •••••
1
••••• ••••• ••••..••••••••• ··••· •••.. •.•.. •.••• •..•• •.••. •••••
••••• •••••
••••• •••••
••••••.•••
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>
158
95
73
64
24
37
6
22
115
35J
103
1i~
30
3g
6
1ti
177
175
111
185
1~
30
76
1
14
31
901 !, 287 1,414
970
374
121
4~~
~~
2
17
6
1
2
1~
~ ..•.• ~
1 ••.••. ....•.
t ····i· ···--a
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43
22
1
2
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u,
~
ti
i:;,
g
t,
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'==='-==='==='•==l,==l===l====•=====-.~1-=========.c:=~
.ljj - -
Weavers, female:
Col!l\ecticut •.••••••.••••.•.
Mame ..•.•.....•••........
Massachusetts ..•••.•.•... _
New Hampshire ••••••••...
New Jersey .•••••...•••••••
New York._ ••••••..••.••••
Pennsylvania ••••.•••••••••
Rhode Island •. _•••••••••.•
Vermont .•.••••••••••••••••
2
138
.688
2
5
276
. 621
1,295
.684
20
30
2
278
. 559
1 .........•
4
.691
1
11
390
46
1
2
. 681
----------------------------412
57
13
• 537
1 •••....•.. ··--·
1 ··••· .....
1
2
7
26
9
686
.651 ••••• ·-·-- ····- ····- ··--· ····- ··-·· ··-·- -·--·
2
2
192
• 700
1
---t---1----t---+---+--+--·l---t--l--t--1--Total ••••••••••••••••
3
14
153
67
3,713
.654
1 ··--1 ·-·-- ·---- --·--
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
9
12
11
5
----- ----- -----
~1
261
80
54
6
139
136
9
35
62
359
43
78
9
81
152
27
4371775
846
11
40
98
65
41
9
85
87
1
46
45
282
36
107
15
23
141
62
f
I
757
15
24
174
7
77
5
4
115
64
485
6 - - ---10
71
23
9
6
13
3
1 -----3
5
19
1
22
4
154
49
-----11
1
3
3
2
1
1
1
1
2
1
------ ----------1
2
4
2
22
------ -----7
7
TABLE D.-AVERAGE AND CLASSIFIED HOURS ACTUALLY WORKED IN ONE PAY PERIOD BY SPINNERS AND
WEAVERS WHO WORKED ON AS MANY DAYS AS THERE WAS WORK IN THE OCCUPATION, BY OCCUPATION,
SEX, AND STATE, 1924
ONE-WEEK PAY PERIOD
All em•
ployees
Occupation,
sex, and State
Employees
who worked
on all days
on which
there was
work in
occupation in
pay period
Number of employees whose hours actually worked in one pay period were-
Num•
ber
of
estab· 1---,----1----.---1---.-......--,-..,..--,--,--,---,---,--,---,--,--,---,...----,--,----,---,---,---,---,---,--llsh•
; Aver•
Aver•
Over
ments
Over 50 52
age
12 16 20 24 28 32 34 36 38 40 42 44 46
56 58
age
54
48 and and
and
full•
and and and and and and and and and and and and and
and and
Num• time Num• hours
Over
54
UD•
un• un- Un· UD• un• UD· UD· UD· un• 48 un• un- un•
UD· un• 60
actu• un• un• UD•
un•
ber
60
ber
der
der der der
hours
ally der der der der der der der der der der der der der
der 58 der
per pay
20
24
28
34
36
40
44
46
48
52
54
in pay 16
32
38
42
50
60
56
period
period
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ,____ - - - 1 - - - - - - - - - 1 - - 1 - - - 1 - - - 1 - - - - - - -
Spinners, frame, female:
Massachusetts •• _••••••
New Jersey_ •.•••••••••
Pennsylvania •••.•••••.
Rhode Island •••••••.•.
Other States ••••••••••.
3
2
12
Total •••••••••••.
lplnners, mule, male:
48.0
48.0
49. 3
48.0
52.4
543
60
53
153
3
609
77
60
168
145
113
1,059
48. 7
905
43. 7 --·- ---- ---- ----
48. 6
49. 6
48.0
51, 2
49.0
48.0
51. 5
48.0
48.8
97
131
377
2
13
3
2
113
172
488
87
61
78
110
82
95
47
48
100
68
67
46. 2
46. 9
1
7
3
39. 6 ··-- 3 60
48.9 ---- -·-- ---47.4 ---- ---- ---·
46
1,286
48. 9
1,007
3
=
Connecticut..•• _•.•••••
Maine.-······-········
Massachusetts._ •••••••
New Hampshire •••.•••
New Jersey •••..••.••••
New York ••••••••.••..
Pennsylvania ••••••.• __
Rhode Island ••••••••••
Vermont •.•••••••••••• _
Total •• -------·-·
1 Not
7
12
9
5
8
I
=
96
- - - --63
including 1 establishment having a 2-week pay period.
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
41. 5
46. 8
48. 8
43.1
52. 3
-----------------
--·· --·· ·--· ••••
5 ---- 210 .... ·--- ---· 158
6
2 162
2 ··-· 13 ··-· ··-- 45
---- ---- ---- ---- ·--- ---- -·-· ---- ---- ---- ---- 7 1 13 ------ 32 ---- ---- ------ ---- ---- ---- _____ ·
---- ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- 56 ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- ·--- 97
---- ---- ---- ---- 2 ---- ---- ---- ·--- ---· ---- 2 ·--- 15
2 74 ------ ··-· ---- ---- -----·
··-· --·· -·-· ••.• --·- ···- --·· ....
1--1--f--+--,--l--t----l
2 .... 171
7 --··1266
6
2
8
---- ---- ---- 1
3
2
3
53
3 ---- 18
1
5 3
---- 1
1
6 3
1 2
---- ---- ---- ---- ---- 1 ---·
47.1 -·-- ---- ---· ---- ---- ··-· 2 -·-- ---- 1
51. 8
47. 6 ··-- ---· ---· -·-- -··- ---- ---- ---- 1 ---·
50. 6 ·--- ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- ··-· ···- 1
45.1
1
10
63
53
4
1
33
15
3 332
33
2
-~1--11-=l~=l-=l·=•>---="-=I-
7
12
18
3
5
7
5
13
8
2
3
1
2
1
3
24
30
74 ------ .... ---- ---- -----======
9 53
3
8 ---- ---- ------ ---- ---- ---· ·----22 17
46327
1611
6
8 191 ------ --·- 6 ---- ------ 11 ---· ---- -----·
1 10
1 --·- 6 13
16 ---- -·-· ---- -----·
5 37
4 40
3
1
13
17
12
- 9"
1 36
3 60
6
36
6
1
2 - - 8 - ---···
2 19
--ii-::::::::::
55 463
17
50
28
57
35
27
9
4
6
TWO-WEEK PAY PERIOD
All employees
Num•
berof
Number of employees whose huurs actually worked per pay period were--
Employees who
worked on all
days on which
there was work
in occupation in
pay period
OvJ 50 56 60 64 68 72 76
48 un-d and and imd ,md and and
Ahverage der • 48 and un- un- un u:r1- un- un- 1 under der' der: der der dcr j <lcr
ours 48 '
~1?° ,-------1------- Un-
Occupation, sex, and State
ments
Number
1
Average
fnll-time
hours Number ~~~;~d
per pay
in pay
period
period
d~;
52
56
60
u4'os
72
76
80
30
84
ss
fl2
84
88
92
96
and and and ,md
un- un- un- under der dcr der
I I
Over JOO 104
90 am! and
and un- un- 108 Over
108
under der der
96
100
104 108
-----------+---1----1----+---+----1---1--1-- - -- --- - -- --- - - - -- - -- ----- ~- --- -------·- ---Weavera,
male: ___________ _
Connectloui
Maine______ .......... .
Massachwietta..... _... .
New Hampshire••••••••
New 1eraey·-·-········New York:.. •.•••••••••••
Pennsylvania..._ .... -..
:abode Island._····-··-Vermont_. -··-·-·····-·
Total._ ......••......
Weanrs, female:
Oonnectlcut_ •• _._ ••••• Malne. ___ ............. .
Massachusetta......... .
New Hampshlre.• -···-Naw JerseY-----·-·-·--·
New York•••••••••••••.
Pennsylvania.......... .
:Rhode Ialand •••• ·-···Vermont. ••••• _•••••• _.
Total ___ •••••••••••• __
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
1~
11
6
4.
2
14.
9
6:
:~:
1,798
31~
378
158
731
735
~~J
96. 0
102. 2
96. 0
96. 0
100. 8
96. 8
a,: :;::
=--- .
9
12
11
6
4
2
13
9
2
138
276
1,296
278
390
46
412
686
192
98.2
99.6
96.0
104. 8
97. 2
96.0
101.8
96.0
96.0
m
1,150
147
260
93
412
474
~i:i
88. 7
95. 8
94. 9
94. 2
100. 5
92. 6
1
4
------""""
---5
------""""
2
: ··2· ""4"
------ 5 ---- --------- ---- ---- --------- ---- ---- ---"""""" """" """" ----
--5- """;j'
---------""""
130
-------------
i
8
8
51 43 116
---- 30
2
---- 2
3
---- ---- -----
~
98
5
27
1
12
1 ! 3
--··1'·--- ------ ---- """"4 ----9 ----5 ----"""" """" """""•
83 ---- ----
"""" """" ------ ----
3,::: :::: --~- --~- ----~- -;;- -·;· ·;/;~- -;;~- -~;- ·;;·
1~
15
5
17
10
9
13:: 15: 1::
11
i
21
21
44
3
12
g} """"i" --4- ··2· ""55" ::::::
1
655
1
1
3 ----2
25
2
1 14
42 -----224
. 4 ---- ----- -----25 ------ 5
1 ----- -----191
1 38 32 122
3
272
1
2
2
44
27
::: -1,~=
:
6:
1:: -;~~- -·--;;
---=----==1==,==f==i== - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - = - - - - - -
80
103
860
154
246
18
244
551
124
95. 1
94. 6
86. 8
101. 3
92. 8
93. 6
99. 7
94. 8
93. 7
---- ---- ------ ---9 ---3 ---"
2 ---- -----1
---- ---- ------ ------- ---- ------ ------- ---- ------ ------- ---- ------ ------- ---- ------ ------- ---- ------ ----
---4
----------------------
------1
------------2
----
------1
---2
-------
--------176
----4
--------2
11
---- -----
------20
---10
-------------
---· ----- ----4
27
90
97
25
1 ----9
9
12
---- ----- -------- ----- 14
---- ----·
1
1 ----2
---- 40
---2
12
15
1
8
---3
3
9
1 -------- 20
16
49
40
24
418
10
196
6
2
15
41 -----·
1
4 104 -----·
1 ---- ----- ------
116 ------ 39
4
512
1 ---56
70 -----2 ------
1----+----1---~--------------------------------------------2,380
67
3,713
97.8
4
3 I 5 rn1 30 63 101 130 33
92. 6
11 ----
146
1,378 ------ 44
23
217 -----·
TABLE E.-AVERAGE AND CLASSIFIED EARNINGS ACTUALLY MADE IN ONE PAY PERIOD BY SPINNERS AND
WEAVERS WHO WORKED ON AS MANY DAYS AS THERE WAS WORK IN THE OCCUPATION, BY OCCUPATION,
SEX, AND STATE, 1924
ONE.WEEK PAY PERIOD
.All employees
Oaollp11tlon, au, and State
Number
of
establish·
ments
w-chuaetta...................
=~.::::::::::::::::::
od&Island..••••••••.•.........
3
z
O&ller 8tatl!I .•••••••••••••••••.•
2
3
3
Total..•••·-----··········
113
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
I
Nnmber of employees whose actaal earnings In one pay period were-
Average
Average $12
$18
$24
$22
$19
$20
$13
$14
$15
$16
$17
$26
full-time
actual
and
and
and
and
and
and
and
and
and
and
and
and
Number earnings Number earnings under
under
under
under
under
under
under
under
under
under
under
under
per pay
in pay
$16
$17
$18
$19
$20
$22
$24
$26
$28
$13
$14
$15
period
period
-
8pinaln, flame, female:
Employees who
worked on all
days on which
there was work
In occupation In
pay period ·
--609
168
145
$20.83
22. 70
17.16
18. 58
20. 54
543
60
53
153
96
1,059
20.36
905
77
60
$17. 92
22.20
17.03
16. 72
20.36
I
17.90
5
9
6
---·--...............
··--5ij"
201
2
6
·------ ------- -------------
I
5
71
17
3
4
................. ---·-2·
209
26
27
4
107
1
43
13
9
38
................ ···-i2· ------- ..................
·····r1
..............
11
109
79
2
15
2
126
26
8
21
109
11
·····ia
----·r ............... ------- ------89
128
-----------·- ------------- ------------29
120
13
Employees w h o
worked on all
days on which
All employees
Number or employees whose actual earnings in one pay period werethere was work
Num•
In occupation in
ber
pay period
or
Oecupatlon, 118X, and State estab•l-----,----+---~----1---,-----------,.---,,--.--.---,---,----,---,------,-------lish•
Average
Average
$18 $20 $221 $24 $26 $28 $30 $32 $34 $36 $38 $40 $42 $44 $46 [ $48 $50 $52
ments Num• rull•tlme
actual Un• and and and , and and and : and and and and and and and and and I and and and
ber earnings Number earnings der . und- un- . un- un- un- un- I un- un- un- un- un- un- un- un- un- 1 un- un- unper pay
in pay $18 der der der der der der : der der der der der der der der der der der der
period
period
$20 $22 $24 $26 $28 $30 $32 $34 $36 $38 $40 $42 $44 $46 $48 $50 $52 $54
I
I
I
I
1
1
- - - - - - - - - - - 1 . - - ---1·---+----1----+--1·-- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - --1--1--1--1--1--- - - - 8Jml!WII, mule, male:
Oonnectlcut............
7
113
$31. 20
97
$29.10
3
·4
8
3
1
Maine..................
12
172
38. 59
131
36. 67
8
3 ...... ---·
1
Massachusetts..........
9
488
38. 16
377
31. 43
51
28
21
19
3
New Hampshire........
5
87
36. 35
63
34. 50 ... 1...... -_:::·____
New Jersey.............
3
61
37. 24
47
34. 57
I
New York..............
2
78
38. 26
48
38.17
1
••.••
1 .....
Pennsylvania...........
13
110
31.16
100
31. 62
••.•• .....
1
Rhode Island...........
3
82
40. 18
68
39. 76
Vermont •••••••••••••••• 1_ _ _
2+-_9_5-+__39_._63_ 1_ _ _
76-+__4_1._5_5-1-··_·_·_·, _··_·_-. .....
12
4
6
:_i i ...2.
Total.................
I 46
1, 286
1 Not including 1 establishment having
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
36. 92
1, 007
a 2-week pay period.
34. 03
G4
! 35
2
17
--J-- .....
29
25
i
9
43
• Earnings were $56 and under $58.
,
23
3
16
8
4
13
14
12
8
2
2
l
1~
4
!
80
i
1
10
15
19
18
1
2
1
41
9 ____ _
64
i 116
~:
38
7
~ ··14· 15
54
3
~ ··10·
45
8
1~
2
4
2
11
2
5
10
4
9
97
99
99
··14·. 6 ··y ·· 5 ···4 ····2
24198643
1
1 .....
1
1
3
1
12
7
2
...•.
4
2
3
5
2 •.••.
•l
2
2 •••••••••••••••••••••••.•
29
1 •.... 12
8
4
9
71
3
5
36
90
5olI
2s\
3s\
I
15\. 1511
•Including one $56 Bild under $58 and one $60 and under $62.
E.-AVERAGE AND CLASSIFIED EARNINGS ACTUALLY MADE IN ONE PAY PERIOD BY SPINNERS AND
WEAVERS WHO WORKED ON AS MANY DAYS AS THERE WAS WORK IN THE OCCUPATION, BY OCCUPATION,
SEX, AND STATE, 1924-Concluded
.
TABLE
TWO-WEEK PAY PERIOD
Employees
who worked
on all days on
AU employees which there
wss work In
oooupation In
Nmnpay period
ber
of
Averestal>age
Averllahfullage
$20 $24
ments
actual
and and
time
Num- earn- Num- earn- Under un- unber
ber
ings
lugs
$20 der der
in pay
per
$24 $28
pay
period
period
Oocupatlon,-. ud
ew.
Weavers, male:
Connecticm..._ •• _.
Maine ...........•••
Massachusetts ••••••
New Hampsbln •••
•w Jersey •••••••••
ew York ••••••••••
tnnsylvania •••••••
bode Island •••••••
Vermont ...•..·-···
Total •••••••••••••
Weavers, female:
Connecticut •••••••••
Maine ••••••••••••••
Msssachusetta ••••••
New Hampehire ••••
New Jersey •••••••••
New York ••••••••••
Pennsylvania •••••••
Rhode Island .......
Vermont............
Total •••••••••••••
Jf
9
12
11
6
614
494
1. 798
313
378
158
731
735
604
5,725
$67. 92
65.90
69.22
66. 74
138
276
1,295
278
390
46
412
686
192
3,713
67. 56
61.86
65.66
58.58
67.16
65.38
54. 66
62. 50
75.84
63.96
•
u
-- - -
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
2
9
=
2
68
9
12
11
6
4,
2
13
9
2
67
=
71.80
66.92
61.08
65.64
77.60
68. 42
297
133
1,160
H7
260
93
412
474
350
3,316
$65.03
54. 68
55. 26
58.48
70.69
69.42
61. 92
61.89
76.94
61. 92
80
103
64.99
53. 73
58.84
53. 92
64. 45
68.38
53. 27
62.13
73.80
60.13
-860
154
246
18
244
551
124
'2,3a0
Number of employees whose actual earnings In one pay period were-
$28
and
un•
der
$32
$48
$52
$56
$60
and and and and
un- un- un- nn•
der der der der
$52 $56 $60 $6'
$6'
and
under
$68 $72 $76 $80 $84 $88 $02
and and and and and and end $06
un- un- un- Un• un- un- nn- and
der der der der der der der over
$68 $72 $76 $80 $84 $88 $92 $06
--
----- ···2· ·--a· --·-··"i" ........... 1 ···1·
1 ----3
----- ----- -----
$32 $36 $40 $«
and and and and
un- un- un- under der der der
$36 $40 $« $48
3
2
5
2
18
8
3
.. T ----- ·--a· -,·2· -··2·
----- ···2· 1 10 16
6
8
38
11
2
2
10
15
1
92
6
7
65
8
5
1
17
17
8
13
96
6
3
2
20
32
2
182
16
12
85
6
2
3
27
34
2
187
29
19
97
13
18
8
52
39
3
278
21
17
79
14
11
5
4'1
41
8
237
44
24
87
13
21
12
50
32
23
306
36
14
104
13
31
7
48
54
38
345
42
9
91
20
33
16
48
40
37
3
83
8
35
18
39
38
41
302
13
20
13
2 ----1
...i9
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7
30
9
26
32
85
295
8
33
2
12
30
47
223
3
2
4
11
3
8
16
28
141
1
9
3
5
6
19
79
,
·--1· ....
1
1
10
11
52
1
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26
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0
125
3
5
69
12
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1
23
24
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2
10
89
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27
11
10
71
13
9
1
24
45
3
163 187
3
16
88
24
13
1
40
56
4
244
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14
78
28
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50
2
222
8
18
60
17
18
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27
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11
15
68
13
12
2
17
107
17
ill 272
325
16
3
59
12
35
2
12
42
18
200
8
1
46
2
30
4
10
21
19
141
51
----- ----- --------"""4" ···2· ----·
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2
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33
25
146
2
20
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65
17
135
1
13
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66
5
28
1
12
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@FedFRASER