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U. S. DEPARTMENT OF LABOR JAMES J. DAVIS, Secretary BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS ETHELBERT STEWART, Commieeioner BULLETIN OF THE UNITED STATES ) BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS j * * * WAGES AND HOURS OF LABOR No. 327 SERIES WAGES AND HOURS OF LABOR IN WOOLEN AND W ORSTED GOODS MANUFACTURING, 1922 M A Y , 1923 WASHINGTON GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE 1923 ADDITIONAL COPIES OF THIS PUBLICATION MAY BE PROCURED FROM THE SUPERINTENDENT OF DOCUMENTS GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE WASHINGTON, D. C. AT 10 CENTS PER COPY PURCHASER AGREES NOT TO RESELL OR DISTRIBUTE THIS COPY FOR PROFIT— PUB. RES. 57, APPROVED MAY 11 ,1922 CONTENTS. Page. Introduction and summary............................................................................................. Explanation of scope and method................................................................................. General tables....................................................................................................... ............. T a b l e A .—Average number of starts (days) in representative pay period made b y establishments and by employees, average hours and earnings, and classified full-time hours per week, by occupations, sex, and States, 1922........................................................................................................................... T a b l e B .— Average and classified earnings per hour for spinners and weavers b y sex and States, 1922.. .................................................................. T a b l e C.— Average full-time hours for all spinners and weavers and average and classified actual hours worked for those who made as many starts as mill operated, in pay period, by sex and States, 1922.................................. T a b l e B .—Average and full-time earnings for all spinners and weavers and average and classified actual earnings for those who made as many starts as mill operated, in pay period, b y sex and States, 1922............................. in 1-12 13,14 14-34 16-27 28, 29 30, 31 32-34 ' BULLETIN OF THE U. S. BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS. no. WASHINGTON 327 m ay, 1923 WAGES AND HOURS OF LABOR IN WOOLEN AND WORSTED GOODS MANUFACTURING, 1922. INTRODUCTION AND SUMMARY. Earnings per hour, full-time and actual earnings per week, and full-time and actual hours of work per week, in the woolen and worsted goods industry of the United States in the year 1922 are presented in this report. In addition summaries are shown for 1907-1914, 1916, 1918, 1920, and 1922. Data were not collected for 1915, 1917, 1919, and 1921.a Nearly all of the 1922 data for this report were obtained from pay rolls for a period in March, April, May, or June. The 1922 figures cover 67 representative establishments located in 9 States in which the manufacture of woolen and worsted goods is an important industry. The average full-time weekly earnings of male employees in the selected occupations in 1922 varied from $14.05 for doffers to $36.49 for loom fixers. The average full-time weekly earnings of female employees in the selected occupations varied from $13.23 for doffers to $33.70 for wool sorters. A summary of the hourly earnings, full-time weekly earnings, and full-time hours per week, from 1907 to 1922, inclusive, in the principal occupations of the industry is presented in Table 1. T able 1.—AVERAG E AND CLASSIFIED FULL-TIME HOURS P E R W E E K , A V E RAG E EARNINGS PER HOUR, AND AVERAGE FULL-TIME EARNINGS P E R W E E K IN THE UNITED STATES, IN SPECIFIED YEARS, 1907 TO 1922, B Y OCCUPATIONS AND SEX. Occupation and sex. Wool sorters: Male........................... Per cent of employees whose full Aver time hours per week were— Aver age Num Num age Aver full age ber of ber of full time Over Over 57 Year. estab em time earn earn 54 48 lish ploy hours ings 60 per ings Un and 54 and and per der ments. ees. un and 48 hour. per un un der over. week. 48. der der week. 54. 57. 60. 11 11 11 18 19 19 19 15 17 58.0 $0.233 $13.51 12 9 79 57. 8 .223 12.89 9 13 78 57.9 .239 13.84 8 84 8 56. 3 .247 13. 86 4 8 88 5 56. 4 .241 13. 54 83 12 21 14 55. 2 .267 14. 72 61 3 21 14 55.0 .281 15. 43 65 54.2 .276 14. 97 17 0 ) 83 82 17 54.1 .329 17.80 i a Previous reports of wages and hours of labor in woolen and worsted goods manufacturing have been published by the bureau, as follows: Nineteenth Annual Report, covering 1890 to 1903; Bulletin No. 59 (July 1905), covering 1903 and 1904; Bulletin No. 65 (July, 1906), covering 1904 and 1905; Bulletin No. 71 (July, 1907), covering 1905 and 1906; Bulletin No. 77 (July, 1908), covering 1906 and 1907; Bulletin No. 128 (August, 1913), covering 1907 to 1912; Bulletin No. 150 (May, 1914), covering 1912 and 1913; Bulletin No. 190 (May, 1916), covering 1913 and 1914; Bulletin No. 238 (June, 1918) covering 1914 and 1916; Bulletin No. 261 (August, 1919), covering 1916 and 1918; and Bulletin No. 289 (September, 1921), covering 1920. 1 Less than 1 per cent. 1 1907 1908 1909 1910 1911 1912 1913 1914 1916 184 164 186 289 444 471 246 381 412 2 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS. T able 1.—A VERAG E AND CLASSIFIED FULL-TIME HOURS P E R W E E K , AVE R AG E EARNINGS PE R H OU R, AND AVERAGE FULL-TIME EARNINGS P E R W E E K IN THE UNITED STATES, IN SPECIFIED YEARS, 1907 TO 1922, B Y OCCUPATIONS AND SEX—Continued. Occupation and sex. Wool sorters—Concld. Male___- ................. Female.......... .......... Wool washer tenders: Male........................... Picker tenders: Male........................... Card tenders: Male.......................... Female...................... Card strippers: Malef........................ Card grinders: M ale......................... Gill box tenders: Male... ....... Female. ____ .. Comber tenders: Mate......................... Female...................... Per cent of employees whose fuUAver time hours per week were— Aver age Num Num age Aver fuUage ber of ber of fuUOver Over Year. estab em time earn time earn Un 48 54 57 lish ploy hours ings per ings der 48 and 54 and and 60 ments. ees. per hour. un and per un un der week. over. week. 48. der der 54. 57. 60. 1918 1920 1922 1920 1922 20 22 17 1 3 538 423 358 28 37 54.4 $0,460 i$24.94 48.1 .871 41.90 48.4 .710 34.36 48.0 .901 43.25 48.0 .702 33.70 299 94 2100 100 1920 1922 20 23 113 93 48.8 49.2 .583 .446 2a 45 21.94 2 88 84 1 11 9 1920 1922 41 43 277 276 48.3 49.3 .530 .428 25.60 2 1.10 *95 82 5 5 9 1907 1908 1909 1910 1911 1912 1918 1914 1916 1918 1920 1922 1920 1922 19 19 19 26 40 40 40 41 47 47 43 46 11 10 145 136 134 201 320 412 329 398 533 599 444 514 103 109 58.6 58.6 58.4 56.9 57.1 56.4 56.3 56.1 55.8 54.8 48.4 49.5 48.3 48.2 .126 7.38 .1 2 1 7.09 .124 7.24 .127 7.25 .136 7.73 .135 7.64 .142 8.01 .147 8.26 . 186 10l38 .287 15.75 .517 25.02 .405 20.05 .437 2 1 .1 1 .351 16.92 1907 1908 1909 1910 1911 1912 1913 1914 1916 1918 1920 1922 18 18 18 27 42 42 42 43 48 48 45 46 89 . 58.2 58.1 79 80 58.1 162 57.0 57.1 223 240 56.9 236 56.5 250 55.7 303 55.5 359 54.8 48.2 292 49.5 311 1922 12 28 1920 1922 1920 1922 8 8 15 15 1907 1908 1909 1910 1911 1912 1913 1914 1916 1918 1920 1922 1907 1908 1909 1910 1911 1912 1913 1914 1916 1918 1920 1922 4 4 4 6 9 9 9 6 8 9 10 11 4 4 4 6 7 7 7 6 1 Less than 1 per cent. 10 12 12 10 3 *4 <l) 394 81 *95 97 87 1 6 j. 4 2 5 5 48 47 55 20 35 33 36 19 15 1 2 43 43 35 14 10 13 8 18 17 14 2 4 19 19 16 64 52 15 23 20 19 15 43 49 53 20 37 39 45 20 18 2 38 32 31 16 11 17 5 12 10 7 1 4 3 a 44 a 42 8,77 a 69 8.62 9.29 9.46 9.44 11.61 17.77 27.47 21.43 48^4 .491 23.76 89 7 •4 130 288 383 413 49.8 48.3 48.4 49.1 .502 .363 .442 .339 25.00 17.53 21.39 16.64 285 96 *93 81 2 4 7 19 52 29 29 106 188 181 115 228 274 248 162 209 101 117 111 129 139 150 163 162 178 328 155 100 58.5 58.6 58.6 56.5 56.5 55.1 54.8 55.8 56.3 55.8 48.9 4a 1 55.7 55.8 55.8 55.5 55.8 55.8 56.1 54.8 53.5 52.8 48.7 49.7 .133 .131 .137 .139 .141 .156 .156 .161 .199 .314 .552 .435 .099 .099 .102 .1 1 1 .109 .116 .117 .119 .177 .258 .478 .385 7.78 7.68 8.03 7.87 7.94 a56 a 51 9.00 11.18 17.49 26t 99 2ft 92 0) 4 29 27 48 52 76 4 8 14 75 72 72 72 77 64 59 69 *93 98 a si 2 5.52 5.69 6.13 6.10 6.47 6.57 6.52 9.46 13.59 23. 28 19.13 1 9 10 IQ : 66 55 18 36 32 24 18 46 22 47 62 16 3 9 5 .145 .145 .151 .153 .151 .163 .168 .169 .209 .324 .570 .433 *96 84 5 7 1 ~2 219 *18 289 71 25 48 55 11 29 88 82 *io* 8 12 6 17 7 1 *2 * 1 78 18 78 17 77 20 97 82 is* 82 13 75 15 75 33 25 * Tabulated in previous reports as “ 48 and under 54.” 25 28 28 12 9 8 28 38 29 7 4 5 4 3 3 5 8 WAGES AND HOURS OF LABOR— WOOLEN AND WORSTED GOODS. 3 T able 1.—A V E R A G E A N D C L A S S IF IE D F U L L -T I M E H O U R S P E R W E E K . A V E R A G E E A R N I N G S P E R H O U R , A N D A V E R A G E F U L L -T I M E E A R N I N G S P E R W l i E K I N T H E U N IT E D S T A T E S , IN S P E C I F I E D Y E A R S , 1907 T O 1922, B Y O C C U P A T IO N S A N D S E X — C on tin u ed . O ccup ation an d se x . Y ear. Num N um ber of ber of em estab p lo y lish ees. m en ts. Aver age fu ll tim e hours per w eek . A ver age earn ings per hour. Per cent of em ployees w h ose full tim e hours per w eek w ere— Aver age full O ver Over tim e 57 54 48 earn and 60 Un an d in gs and 54 u n and der 48 un per un der over. 48. der der w eek . 60. 57. 54. 5 6 o g 14 15 16 17 211 193 51 189 1,603 1, 760 1 758 1 615 5 5 .0 5 4.1 4 8 .0 4 8 .1 5 3 .7 5 2 .9 4 8 .3 4 8 .5 $0.178 .2 6 4 .501 .3 7 8 .1 7 0 .2 5 0 .445 .3 4 9 $9.80 14.81 2 4 .0 5 18.18 9 .1 5 13.24 2 1.49 16.93 19 19 19 26 40 40 42 5 8 .6 58. 2 58. 2 5 7 .0 5 7 .3 56. 5 56. 5 5 6 .0 5 5 .3 5 4 .9 48. 2 4 9 .2 .2 1 9 . 215 .223 .2 2 4 .2 2 4 .240 .2 3 9 .249 .316 .4 9 9 .8 1 6 .6 7 0 12.83 12.51 12. 98 12. 75 12. 81 13.56 13. 45 1 3.88 17.51 27. 42 3 9 .3 3 3 2 .96 D raw in g-fram e tenders: 1916 1Q1K 1Q?0 1Q9!9> F e m a le.............................. 1916 1Q1S 1Q20 1022 Spinners, m u le: .......................................... 1014 1916 1918 1920 1922 42 46 46 46 44 1910 1911 1912 1913 1914 1916 1918 1920 1922 1907 1908 1909 1910 1911 1912 1913 1914 1916 1918 1920 1922 2 3 3 3 3 3 5 4 4 5 5 5 8 10 10 10 9 14 15 14 15 114 194 244 115 282 266 161 49 45 323 284 295 578 1,002 1,070 751 970 1,202 1, 330 1 026 972 5 6 .0 5 6 .0 5 4 .0 5 4 .0 5 3 .9 5 3 .9 5 3 .0 48. 0 4 8 .0 5 7 .6 57. 5 5 7 .5 56. 0 5 6 .4 55. 2 55. 5 54. 2 5 3 .9 52. 4 48. 2 4 8 .4 .125 .1 3 2 . 158 . 136 .1 4 5 .191 .316 .558 .357 .127 .1 2 2 .124 . 122 .126 . 144 .140 .147 .1 8 0 .2 7 8 .481 .3 4 5 7 .01 7 .3 7 8 .5 3 7 .3 3 7. 80 10.30 16.74 26. 78 17.14 7 .3 2 7 .0 2 7 .1 3 6 .8 5 7 .0 7 7 .9 2 7 .7 8 7 .9 9 9 .6 8 14.62 2 3 .18 16. 70 1 27 6 24 0 ) 296 2 90 1916 1918 1920 1922 1916 1918 1920 1922 5 5 6 5 12 12 14 14 255 138 108 165 709 829 561 619 4 9 .8 50. 5 4 6 .3 4 7 .0 5 2 .2 4 8 .6 4 6 .7 48.1 .161 .2 6 6 .497 .2 9 9 .1 3 5 .203 .3 5 2 .2 7 5 8 .0 5 13. 58 23.01 1 4.05 7 .0 5 9. 85 16. 44 13.23 51 40 27 2 73 30 70 22 2 4 37 2 2 30 267 19 68 1907 1908 1909 1910 1911 1912 1913 1914 1916 1918 1920 1922 7 7 7 10 12 12 12 11 23 24 34 40 186 138 223 332 600 751 598 884 1,028 802 1,043 892 5 7 .2 5 7 .6 5 8 .0 5 6 .9 5 6.7 5 5 .7 5 5 .4 5 4 .3 5 4 .2 5 3 .9 4 8 .3 4 9.3 .112 .114 .112 . 126 . 131 . 137 .1 3 5 . 144 .174 .256 .457 .352 6 .H 6 .5 7 6 .5 0 7 .1 6 7 .4 0 7 .6 2 7 .5 0 7. 81 9 .4 3 1 3 .80 22.07 17.35 1916 1918 1920 1 1922 55 56 55 59 1, 571 1, 514 1, 474 1,247 54.1 53. 6 4 8 .2 4 8 .7 .173 .2 7 0 .4 5 8 .383 9 .4 0 14. 51 22. 08 18.65 1QOR 1013 Spinners, fram e: F atti a I a D offers: F fim a lft ................ T w ister tenders: T fa m a la Spooler tenders: F attu ^Ia i Less than 1 per cent. 2100 " l 98 l 2 13 3 211 ( 0 2 96 91 384 267 297 529 638 719 828 897 1,222 1,431 960 1,119 1907 1Q0Q 1010 1011 1012 ........................................... 77 96 0) ! 2 62 66 4 9 I .... 22 25 296 82 35 30 48 55 58 4 4 8 11 23 21 2 13 18 16 61 49 15 21 17 17 24 38 43 47 26 38 38 41 19 18 1 49 39 37 13 13 11 8 17 3 1 15 21 20 97 80 32 34 25 20 9 79 73 75 5 6 4 3 1 1 30 8 2 42 32 22 68 76 28 38 26 11 8 36 41 42 9 10 5 8 8 12 4 4 11 100 100 100 100 99 99 89 1 1 11 2100 100 53 43 75 70 80 3 8 2 49 60 42 53 3 13 2 21 2 2 88 78 0) 51 45 74 83 88 10 22 4 21 7 l 2 95 0 ) 87 76 8 75 18 4 11 1......... 0) ]L9 14 23 2 1 2 2 Tabulated in previous reports as “ 48 and under 54.” 4 1 11 0) 22 28 36 23 14 16 9 4 BU LLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS. T a b l e 1 . — AVERAG E AND CLASSIFIED -FULL-TIME HOURS P E R W E E K , A V E R A G E EARNINGS P E R HOUR, AND A VERAG E FULL-TIME EARNINGS P E R W E E K IN THE UNITED STATES, IN SPECIFIED Y EA R S, 1907 TO 1922, B Y OCCUPATIONS AND SEX—Continued. Occupation and sex. Dresser tenders: Male.......................... Creelers or tiers-in: Female...................... Drawers in: Female...................... Loom fixers: Male........................... Weavers: Male.......................... Female...................... Cloth inspectors: Male.......................... Female...................... Burlers: Female...................... Per cent of employees whose full Aver time hours per week were— Aver age Num Num age Aver fullage ber of ber of full Over Over Year. estab em time earn time earn Un 48 54 57 lish ploy hours ings 60 per ings and 54 and and ments. ees. per der 48 un and per un un der week. hour. week. 48. over. der der 54. 57. 60. 1907 1908 1909 1910 1911 1912 1913 1914 1916 1918 1920 1922 19 19 19 27 46 46 46 47 55 58 63 58 119 97 126 214 337 384 347 363 422 469 403 493 1922 3 40 47.9 .315 15.09 3 1916 1918 1920 1922 52 55 63 60 424 406 392 436 54.7 54.2 48.3 48.5 .250 .355 .595 .480 13.68 19.23 28.74 23.28 1 1 3 94 1 90 1907 1908 1909 1910 1911 1912 1913 1914 1916 1018 1920 1922 19 19 19 27 46 46 47 47 60 61 64 64 223 218 242 429 569 589 581 651 794 843 736 747 58.0 57.9 58.1 56.6 56.7 55.9 55.8 55.1 54.9 54.5 48.3 48; 4 .267 .262 .263 .279 .275 .308 .297 ; 312 .381 .552 .973 .754 15.49 15.17 15. 28 15.76 15.59 17.13 16.55 17.18 20.70 30.04 47.00 36.49 1907 1908 1909 1910 1911 1912 1913 1914 1916 1918 1920 1922 1907 1908 1909 1910 1911 1912 1913 1914 1916 1918 1920 1922 19 19 19 27 46 46 47 48 61 61 64 64 19 19 19 27 46 46 47 48 61 61 63 63 1,653 1,409 1,589 2,907 4,049 4,476 3,834 4,336 5,431 5,812 4, 825 5,518 1,873 1,882 1,807 2,855 3,384 3,586 3,493 3, 862 4,505 5,295 3,783 3,622 58.5 58.6 58.6 57.1 57.1 56.3 56.3 55.2 54.9 54.5 48.3 48.3 58.0 57.7 57.6 56.3 56.8 55.9 56.0 54.7 54.5 54.1 48.3 48.4 .203 .196 .199 .207 .210 .237 .232 .238 .304 .470 .807 .616 .188 .166 .166 .180 .184 .206 .197 .203 .271 .406 .747 .576 11.88 11.49 11.66 11.79 11. 97 13. 30 13.06 13.10 15. 95 25. 52 38.98 29. 75 10.90 9. 58 9.56 10.14 10.47 11.48 11.03 11.08 14. 76 21.96 36.08 27.85 1920 1922 1920 1922 10 49 16 7 251 315 144 54 48.0 48.3 48.3 48.4 .763 .560 .504 .373 36.62 2100 27.05 * T 94 24.34 3 96 18.05 93 1907 1908 1909 1910 18 18 18 26 611 494 582 1,034 58.3 58.0 58.0 56.5 .12 2 .116 .123 .130 1 Less than 1 per cent 58.8 10.224 $13.17 58.4 .225 13.14 .224 13.06 58.3 57.1 .242 13.80 57.1 .243 13.85 .262 14.71 56.4 56.3 .263 14.80 55.2 .273 15.03 .318 17.47 55.0 .452 24.28 54.6 .767 37.28 48.6 48.8 .653 31.87 7.11 6.73 7.13 7.33 0 ) 3 91 1 87 0) 28 26 63 63 72 7 10 1 63 78 4 8 5 7 13 61 58 35 37 17 19 22 48 62 52 18 28 26 30 11 12 m m 2 47 31 34 21 14 71 1 9 5 6 2 98 31 31 oV *95 i 92 *2 32 ‘ T 294 2 89 *4 W 34 0 ) 3 95 (!) 92 1 1 2 2 38 39 58 60 74 4 6 33 28 60 64 73 4 8 39 30 54 56 75 4 6 25 12 21 1 14 15 12 79 68 32 31 27 26 20 63 69 66 9 24 21 26 7 10 *T 11 3 3 65 60 28 32 19 17 21 45 60 63 17 25 24 34 11 14 15 18 22 84 63 28 32 39 32 21 63 70 65 7 28 25 36 8 8 9 12 13 81 61 69 68 9 23 16 22 12 8 9 4 7 4 5 44 37 34 19 14 15 6 9 4 ___4 1 22 12 13 9 9 8 2 1 (1) 3 4 7 1 Tabulated in previous reports as “ 48 and under 54.” 30 19 20 10 5 WAGES AND HOURS OF LABOR— WOOLEN AND WORSTED GOODS. Table 1.—A V E R AG E AND CLASSIFIED FULL-TIME HOURS P E R W E E K , A V E R AG E EARNINGS P E R HOUR, AND A V E R A G E FULL-TIME EARNINGS P E R W E E K IN TH E UNITED STATES, IN SPECIFIED Y E A R S , 1907 TO 1922, B Y OCCUPATIONS AND SEX—Concluded. Occupation and sex. Burlers—Concluded. Menders: Perchers: Male........................... Female...................... Fullers: Male ...................... Washer tenders, cloth: M a le ........................ Dryer tenders, cloth: Male.......................... Truckers: Male.......................... Laborers, dyehouse: Male Other employees: Male........................... Female...................... Per cent of employees whose full Aver time hours per week were— Aver age Num Num age Aver full age ber of ber of full earn time Over Over 57 time ings earn Year. estab em 48 54 lish ploy hours per ings Un and and and 60 der per ments. ees. hour. per 48. 48 un 54 un un and week. der over. week. der der 60. 54. 57. 1911 1912 1913 1914 1916 1918 1920 1922 43 44 44 44 55 55 64 61 1,516 1,562 1,643 1,756 1,889 1,867 2,321 1,773 56.8 $0,130 .145 55.9 55.6 .146 54.6 .155 .185 54.6 54.1 .276 48.4 .452 .371 48.2' 1907 1908 1909 1910 1911 1912 1913 1914 1916 1918 1920 1922 18 18 18 25 44 44 42 43 53 53 61 63 403 341 583 1,196 1,623 1,668 1,388 1,501 1,767 1,685 1,729 1,985 58.5 58.4 58.8 56.8 56. S 55.7 55.3 54.4 54.3 54.1 48.5 48.4 .145 .148 .137 .160 .160 .189 .183 .195 .245 .349 .603 .445 8.48 8.64' 8.06 9.09 9.07 10.50 10 .11 10.57 13.28 18.91 29.25 21.54 1 2 92 3 89 1 1920 1922 1920 1922 59 55 13 15 419 352 43 75 48.4 48.6 49.8 48.4 .687 .520 .468 .432 33.25 25.27 23.31 20.91 (*) 294 92 270 93 W 1920 1922 53 52 195 248 48.6 49.1 .590 .468 28.67 22.98 2 92 85 1920 1922 56 . 378 330 59 48.6 49.6 .574 .461 1920 1922 56 57 276 219 48.4 50.3 1920 1922 62 60 1,205 1,334 1907 1908 1909 1910 1911 1912 1913 1914 1916 1918 1920 1922 19 19 19 27 45 45 46 47 55 55 52 54 1914 1916 1918 1920 1922 1914 1916 1918 1920 1922 46 52 54 65 80 5 4 1 0 «1 (!) 22 1 93 1 94 0 ) 1 1 53 57 82 86 91 6 7 @0 27 17 30 20 26 4 40 9 26 17 1 9 7 2 39 33 31 10 14 14 16 9 8 47 49 57 18 15 12 4 14 18 13 73 72 20 23 g 5 9 1 4 2 30 7 2 5 4 8 7 1 293 27.90 22.87 “ i ‘ 81 4 4 7 1 2 7 .551 .453 26.67 22.79 79 3 3 8 (i) « 1 10 48.1 48.2 .505 .399 24.29 19.23 2 295 1 95 1 2 2 (l) M 434 385 514 837 1,116 1,093 1,041 1,427 1,636 1,606 961 1,032 58.1 57. 8 57.9 56.3 56.6 55.5 55.6 54.9 55.0 54.7 48.3 48.9 .144 .140 .137 .143 . 145 .157 .159 .160 .197 .304 .564 .435 8.37 8.09 7.93 8.06 8.22 8.72 8.84 8.75 10.83 16.60 G) 22 27.24 295 21.32 .... 87 47 13,947 63 16,978 63 17,308 67 7,194 67 7,797 46 7,781 61 6,347 63 6,407 67 3,349 61 3,461 55.7 55.8 55.3 48.6 49.6 54.2 53.9 53.4 48.2 48.9 .180 .225 .330 .580 .455 .139 .168 .250 .421 .336 10.03 12.51 18.24 28.19 22.57 7.54 9.05 13.37 20.29 16.43 1 Less than 1 per cent. 27907°— 23— B u ll. 327----- 2 $7.36 8.25 8.14 8.47 10.09 14.94 21.88 17.88 •••• »96 .... 2 2 4 3 2 4 4 7 6 3 3 21 21 23 291 82 1 25 24 287 83 1 51 45 69 60 67 4 5 59 49 57 2 6 69 54 63 6 11 4 12 16 16 85 74 25 29 18 25 25 65 68 63 9 17 17 24 7 10 ’T 3 (i) 23 16 21 7 9 7 3 7 5 7 1 14 7 18 14 26 8 13 23 1 2 1 0) 2 2 • 6 4 24 34 4 0) 26 1 2 2 Tabulated in previous reports as “ 48 and under 54. BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS. 6 To aid in making comparisons from year to year, index numbers have been computed for full-time hours per week, earnings per hour, and full-time weekly earnings, for all occupations for which data are available, and for the industry for the years 1910 to 1922, inclu sive. These index numbers, which are shown in Table 2, are com puted from the average for each year shown in Table 1 and are simply percentages in which the figures for 1913 are used as the base, or 100 per cent. The year 1913 is used as the base, as it represents the close of a distinct economic period, and the facts for the earlier and later years are brought into direct comparison with the facts for 1913. The index number for each year preceding and subsequent to 1913 is the per cent that the average for that year is of the average for 1913. For example, Table 2 shows that relatively the full-time weekly earnings of female frame spinners in 1910 were only 88 per cent of their weekly earnings in 1913. In 1914 they were 3 per cent higher; in 1918 they were 88 per cent higher; in 1920, 198 per cent higher; and in 1922, 115 per cent higher than in 1913. The summary at the end of the table shows that the full-time weekly earnings in 1920 for the industry as a whole were more than three times the weekly earnings of 1913, but that in 1922 there was a drop to about two and one-third times the earnings of 1913, making a reduction of 24 per cent in the two-year interval from 1920 to 1922. T 2. — I N D E X N U M B E R S O F F U L L - T I M E H O U R S P E R W E E K , H O U R L Y E A R N I N G S , A N D F U L L -T I M E W E E K L Y E A R N I N G S IN T H E P R I N C I P A L O C C U P A T IO N S , F O R E A C H S P E C I F I E D Y E A R , 1910 T O 1922. a b l e (191 3 = 1 0 0 .) In d e x n u m b ers of— O ccu p ation , sex, and year. W o o l sorters: M a le ............................1 9 1 0 .. 1 9 1 1 .. 1 9 1 2 .. 1 9 1 3 .. 1914 .. 1 9 1 6 .. 1 9 1 8 .. 1 9 2 0 .. 1 9 2 2 .. C ard tend ers: M a le ............................1 9 1 0 .. 1 9 1 1 .. 1 9 1 2 .. 1 9 1 3 .. 1 9 1 4 .. 1 9 1 6 .. 1 9 1 8 .. 1 9 2 0 .. 1 9 2 2 .. C ard ^trip pers: M a le ............................1 9 1 0 .. 1 9 1 1 .. 1 9 1 2 .. 1 9 1 3 .. 1 9 1 4 .. 1 9 1 6 .. 1 9 1 8 .. 1 9 2 0 .. 1 9 2 2 .. C om b er tenders: M a le ............................1 9 1 0 .. 1 9 1 1 .. 1 9 1 2 .. F u ll tim e hours per w eek. H o u r ly earn ings. F u ll tim e w eek ly earn ings. 102 103 t 100 i 100 99 98 99 87 88 88 86 95 100 98 117 ! 164 310 1 253 | 90 88 95 100 97 115 162 272 223 101 101 100 100 100 99 97 86 88 89 96 95 100 104 131 202 364 285 91 97 95 100 103 130 197 312 250 101 101 101 100 99 98 97 85 88 91 90 97 100 101 124 193 339 258 92 91 98 100 100 123 188 290 227 103 103 101 89 90 100 92 93 101 In d e x n u m b ers of— O ccu p atio n , sex , an d year. C om b er tend ers— C oncld. M a le ............................1 9 1 3 .. 1 9 1 4 .. 1 9 1 6 .. 1 9 1 8 .. 1 9 2 0 .. 1 9 2 2 .. F e m a le ......................1 9 1 0 .. 1 9 1 1 .. 1 9 1 2 .. 1 9 1 3 .. 1 9 1 4 .. 1 9 1 6 .. 1 9 18 .. 1 9 20 .. 1 9 22 .. Sp in ners, m u le : M a le ............................1 9 10 .. 1 9 11 .. 1 9 12 .. 1 9 1 3 .. 1 9 1 4 .. 1 9 1 6 .. 1 9 1 8 .. 1 9 2 0 .. 1 9 2 2 .. Spinners, fram e: M a le ............................1 9 1 0 .. 1 9 1 1 .. 1 9 1 2 .. 1 9 1 3 .. 1 9 1 4 .. 1 9 1 6 .. 1 9 1 8 .. F u ll tim e hours per w eek . Fun H our tim e ly w eek ly earn earn ings. ings. 100 102 103 102 89 88 99 99 99 100 98 95 94 87 89 100 103 128 201 354 279 95 93 99 100 102 151 221 409 329 100 106 131 206 317 246 93 93 98 100 99 144 207 354 291 101 101 100 100 99 98 97 85 87 94 94 100 100 104 132 209 341 280 95 95 101 100 103 130 204 292 245 104 104 100 100 100 100 98 92 97 116 100 106 141 232 96 101 116 100 106 141 228 WAGES AND HOURS OF LABOR---- WOOLEN AND WORSTED GOODS. T 7 3 .— I N D E X N U M B E R S O F F U L L -T I M E H O U R S P E R W E E K , H O U R L Y E A R N I N G S , A N D F U L L -T I M E W E E K L Y E A R N I N G S IN T H E P R I N C I P A L O C C U P A T IO N S , F O R E A C H S P E C I F I E D Y E A R , 1910 T O 1922— C onclud ed. a b l e In d e x n u m bers of— O ccu p ation , sex , an d year. Sp in n ers, fram e— C on cld . M a le ............................19 2 0 .. 1 9 2 2 .. F e m a le ......................1 9 1 0 .. 1 9 1 1 .. 1 9 1 2 .. 1 9 1 3 .. 1 9 1 4 .. 1 9 1 6 .. 1 9 1 8 .. 1 9 2 0 .. 1 9 2 2 .. T w iste r tenders: F e m a le ......................1 9 10 .. i 9 1 1 .. 1 9 1 2 .. 1 9 1 3 .. 1 9 1 4 .. 1 9 1 6 .. 1 9 1 8 .. 1 9 2 0 .. 1 9 2 2 .. D resser tenders: M a le ............................1 9 10 .. 1 9 11 .. 1 9 1 2 .. 1 9 1 3 .. 1 9 1 4 .. 1 9 1 6 .. 1 9 18 .. 1 9 20 .. . 1 9 2 2 .. L o o m fixers: M a le ............................1 9 10 .. 1 9 1 1 .. 1 9 12 .. 1 9 1 3 .. 1 9 1 4 .. 1 9 1 6 .. 1 9 1 8 .. 1 9 2 0 .. 1 9 2 2 .. W e a v e r s: M a le ............................1 9 1 0 .. 1 9 1 1 .. 1 9 1 2 .. 1 9 1 3 .. 1 9 1 4 .. 1 9 1 6 .. 1 9 1 8 .. 1 9 2 0 .. 1 9 2 2 .. Fu ll tim e hours per w eek . H o u r ly earn ings. F u lltun e w eek ly earn ings. 89 89 101 102 99 100 98 97 94 87 87 410 263 87 90 103 100 105 129 199 344 246 365 234 88 91 102 100 103 124 188 298 215 103 102 101 100 98 98 97 87 89 93 97 101 100 107 129 190 339 261 95 99 102 100 104 126 184 294 231 101 101 100 100 98 98 97 86 87 92 92 100 100 104 121 172 292 248 93 94 99 100 102 118 164 252 215 101 102 100 100 99 98 98 87 87 94 93 104 100 105 128 186 328 254 95 94 104 100 104 125 182 284 220 101 101 100 100 98 98 97 86 86 89 91 102 100 103 131 203 348 266 90 92 102 100 100 122 195 298 228 ' In d e x nu m bers of— O ccu p ation , sex, an d year. W eavers— C on clu d ed . F e m a le ......................1 9 1 0 .. 1 9 1 1 .. 1 9 1 2 .. 1 9 1 3 .. 1 9 1 4 .. 1 9 1 6 .. 1 9 1 8 .. 1 9 2 0 .. 1 9 2 2 .. B u rlers: F e m a le ......................1 9 1 0 .. 1 9 1 1 .. 1 9 1 2 .. 1 9 1 3 .. 1 9 1 4 .. 1 9 1 6 .. 1 9 1 8 .. 1 9 2 0 .. 1 9 2 2 .. M enders: F e m a le ......................1 9 1 0 .. 1 9 1 1 .. 1 9 1 2 .. 1 9 1 3 .. | 1 9 1 4 .. j ! 1 9 1 6 .. ; 1 9 1 8 .. 1 9 2 0 .. 1 9 2 2 .. ! Laborers, dyehou se: ; M a le ............................19 1 0 .. i 1 9 1 1 .. | 1 9 1 2 .. 1 9 1 3 .. ; 1914. | 1 9 1 6 .. 1 9 1 8 .. 1 9 2 0 .. : 1 9 2 2 .. T h e in d u stry: ; 1910........................................... 1911........................................... 1912........................................... 1913........................................... 1914........................................... 1916........................................... 1918........................................... 1920........................................... 1922........................................... F u ll tim e hours per w eek . F u ll H o u r tim e ly w eek ly earn earn ings. ings. 101 101 100 100 98 97 97 86 86 91 93 105 100 103 138 206 379 292 92 95 104 100 100 134 199 327 252 102 102 101 100 98 98 97 87 87 89 89 99 100 106 127 189 310 254 90 90 101 100 104 124 184 269 220 103 103 101 100 98 98 98 88 88 88 88 104 100 108 135 193 330 243 91 91 105 100 105 133 189 289 213 101 102 100 100 99 99 98 87 88 90 91 99 100 101 124 191 355 274 91 93 99 100 99 123 188 308 241 101 102 100 100 90 91 102 100 91 92 102 100 98 98 97 86 87 103 127 193 355 268 100 124 186 304 231 Table 1 shows the average earnings per hour each year back to 1907 for most of the leading occupations of the industry. Many readers may desire, however, to know the distribution of the em ployees entering into the average for each year according to their individual hourly earnings. Such a tabulation has been made for four of the principal occupation groups— male mule spinners, female frame spinners, male weavers, and female weavers— and is here presented in Table 3. It will be observed that the range of indi vidual hourly earnings is wide each year, and that the employees as a mass move up in their hourly earnings from 1914 to 1920 and fall back in 1922. 00 T a b l e 3 .— A V E R A G E A N D C L A S S IF IE D E A R N IN G S P E R H O U R F O R S P IN N E R S A N D W E A V E R S IN S P E C IF IE D Y E A R S , 1907 T O 1922. * Per cen t of em ployees w hose earnings per hour were— O ccu p ation , s e x , a n d year. N um N um ber of b er of em estab lish p lo y ees. m en ts. A ver age 14 40 12 16 20 30 50 60 70 6 8 10 18 80 earn 9 25 $1.00 $1.10 90 $1.25 an d an d an d an d an d an d and an d an d and an d and an d and an d an d ings and and an d an d under under under under under under under under under under under under under under under under per under under under over. 50 60 12 14 16 18 30 40 70 80 90 8 10 20 25 9 hour. $1.00. $1.10. $1.25. cents. cents. cents. cents. cents. cents. cents. cents. cents. cents. cents. cents. cents. cents. cents. cents. W 524 19 19 19 26 40 40 42 42 46 46 46 44 384 $0.219 267 .215 297 .223 529 .2 2 4 .2 2 4 638 719 .2 4 0 .2 3 9 828 897 .2 4 9 1,222 .316 .499 1,431 .8 1 6 960 1,119 .6 7 0 5 5 5 g 10 10 10 9 14 15 14 15 323 284 295 578 1,002 1 ,070 751 970 1,202 1,330 1,026 972 ,127 .1 2 2 .1 2 4 .1 2 2 .126 .1 4 4 .1 4 0 .147 .1 8 0 .2 7 8 .481 .345 19 19 19 27 46 46 47 48 61 1,653 1,409 1,589 2 ,907 4 ,049 4,476 3 ,8 3 4 4,336 5,431 .203 .1 9 6 .1 9 9 .207 .2 1 0 .237 .232 .238 .3 0 4 1 1 (i) (i) (i) (i) (l ) (i) 1 0 0 4 1 2 2 0 1 1 1 4 1 1 1 3 1 0 36 32 20 47 39 3 2 1 0 3 6 3 2 2 1 1 1 11 9 14 8 9 5 8 0 4 19 18 16 15 15 10 10 12 0 45 37 34 47 53 42 38 37 20 1 0) (1) l l l C1) l (i) C) C) 0 0 (!) (i (1) (i) (i) 0) 4 3 4 7 13 53 54 54 8 8 2 2 1 1 1 0 5 7 7 4 4 2 2 2 1 1 1 2 2 3 8 10 14 47 20 1 1 0 (!) 1 11 30 1 13 01 26 10 15 1 16 14 6 14 21 15 17 30 36 24 65 77 41 47 34 42 28 (i) 8 2 16 27 1 (1) 1 43 2 15 21 0) O 20 25 30 25 18 34 31 31 21 1 • 9 13 12 9 9 5 5 4 1 13 15 13 15 13 8 9 7 2 17 18 16 19 15 11 12 10 3 36 32 31 33 35 34 33 34 17 44 9 32 4 84 C1) 50 7 11 9 11 14 17 26 24 29 26 4 3 4 4 4 13 11 12 40 0 (!) 0 0 01 0 42 4 0 0 0 0 0 (i) 10 0 1 (!) 0 0 15 5 13 1 11 3 0) OF THE BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS. Spin ners, m u le: M ale...........................1 9 0 7 .. 1 9 0 8 .. 1 9 0 9 .. 1910 1911 1 9 12 .. 1 9 1 3 .. 1 9 14 .. 1 9 16 .. 1 9 18 .. 1 9 20 .. 1 9 22 .. Spinners, fram e: Eom n,lp, 1907 1 9 08 .. 1 9 0 9 .. 1 9 10 .. 1 9 11 .. 1 9 12 .. 1 9 13 .. 1 9 14 .. 1 9 16 .. 1 9 18 .. 1 9 2 0 .. 1 9 2 2 .. W e a v e rs: M a le ...........................1 9 0 7 .. 1 9 0 8 .. 1 9 0 9 .. 1 9 1 0 .. 1 9 1 1 .. 1 9 1 2 .. 1 9 1 3 .. 1914 1 9 1 6 .. 1Less th a n 61 64 64 5,812 4,825 5,518 .4 7 0 .8 0 7 .616 ..1 9 0 7 .. 1 9 0 8 .. 1 9 0 9 .. 1 9 10 .. 1 9 11 .. 1 9 1 2 .. 1913 .. 1 9 14 .. 1916 .. 1918 .. 1 9 20 .. 1 9 2 2 .. 19 19 19 1,873 1,882 1,807 2,855 3,384 3,586 3,493 3 ,862 4,505 5,295 3,783 3,622 . 188 .1 6 6 .1 6 6 .1 8 0 .1 8 4 .2 0 6 .1 9 7 .2 0 3 .271 .4 0 6 .7 4 7 .5 7 6 1 per cen t. 2T 46 46 47 48 61 61 63 63 0 0 0) 0 0 1 1 0) 0) 0) 0) 0) 1 1 2 2 1 1 0) 1 0) 0 0 0 0 ‘ " 12 7 8 14 14 10 12 4 4 5 0) 0 0 5 8 6 1 0 o r 12 20 17 14 16 9 11 9 2 0) 0) 2 5 21 34 25 0) 0) 0) 0)1 41 2 6 14 25 0) 0) 16 22 31 1 6 21 17 16 1 2 01 0 20 15 16 17 19 25 5 1 16 1 0 15 23 6 0 14 32 14 17 5 16 12 3 w0 18 27 13 16 15 4 30 0 0 4 6 26 30 26 4 1 1 5 10 34 29 014 0 0) 0 1 1 4 12 8 22 26 0) 0) 0) 0) 11 15 30 5 20 22 2 23 16 1 6 19 1 0 23 13 17 5 (!) 17 (!) 2 0 9 0 12 7 1 0 0 0 5 3 0 0 2 1 WAGES AND HOURS OF LABOR— WOOLEN AND WORSTED GOODS. Female. 1 9 1 8 .. 1 9 20 .. 1 9 2 2 .. <0 10 BU LLETIN OF TH E BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS. Table 4 following shows that the average number of days in oper ation for the year ended December 31, 1921, in the mills canvassed ranged from 259.6 in Maine to 306.5 in Vermont, with an average of 277.6 days in the 67 mills covered. The leading cause of idleness was slack business which was respon sible for 21.9 days out of 35.3 for all causes in the mills as a whole. In computing the averages the days for each mill were added and the total divided by the number of mills, regardless of the size of the several mills. T a b l e 4 .—A VERAG E NUM BER OF DAYS ESTABLISHMENTS W E R E IN OPERATION A N D NUM BER OF D A Y S ID LE B Y SPECIFIED CAUSES DURING THE Y E A R ENDING DECEM BER 31, 1921, B Y STATES. Number of estab lish ments. State. Connecticut-----Maine................. Massachusetts... New Hampshire. New Jersey........ New York.......... Pennsylvania.... Rhode Island__ Vermont........... . Total............ 11 12 11 4 4 2 13 8 2 67 Average Average number of week number of days idle during year on days in account of— operation during year end Holidays Slack Other ing Dec. and va business. causes. 31,1921. cation. 274.3 259.6 287.9 275.3 293.3 277.5 282.5 273.1 306.5 277.6 6.7 6.0 12.5 10.3 7.8 6.0 8.0 6.9 6.5 8.0 4.7 4.3 27.4 43.1 12.5 27.5 6.3 29.5 8.2 26.5 14.3 6.5 21.9 5.4 5.8 The next table (Table 5) shows by States the average and classified number of days the spinning and weaving departments of the 67 establishments reported were in operation during the year ending September 30, 1920, and the year ending December 31, 1921. The number of days in operation in 1921 was greater than in 1920 in all States except New Jersey, which shows a decrease for both spinners and weavers. Some of these establishments had no spin ning departments and some had no weaving departments, but a large majority had both. This explains the difference between the averages in this table and those of the preceding table. The aver ages are unweighted, as in the preceding table. T a b l e 5.—A V E R AG E AND CLASSIFIED NUM BER OF DAYS SPINNING AND W EA V IN G DEPARTM ENTS W ER E IN OPERATION, B Y STATES, FOR THE Y E A R S ENDING SEPTEM BER 30, 1920, AND DECEMBER 31, 1921. State and department. Num ber of Year. estab lish ments. Number of establishments in operation— Aver age num ber of 195 210 225 240 270 285 255 days and and and and and and and 300 in op Under under under under under under under under and 180 eration days. 210 285 225 240 255 270 300 over. in days. days. days. days. days. days. days. year. i " " Spinning department. Connecticut................... Maine............................. Massachusetts............... New Hampshire........... New Jersey.................... 1920 1921 1920 1921 1920 1921 1920 1921 1920 1921 8 8 11 12 11 9 4 4 3 3 270.5 279.1 232.5 259.6 259.9 288.6 223.5 275.3 304.3 289.7 1 1 3 3 1 3 1 1 2 1 2 1 4 6 1 2 1 .........i..........I.................... 1 1 3 1 1 1 4 2 2 1 5 2 3 7 1 3 1 WAGES AND HOURS OF LABOR— WOOLEN AND WORSTED GOODS. 11 T a b l e 5 .—A V E RAG E AND CLASSIFIED NUMBER OF DAYS SPINNING AND W EAVING DEPARTM ENTS W ER E IN OPERATION, B Y STATES, FOR THE Y EA R S ENDING SEPTEM BER 30, 1920, AND DECEMBER 31, 1921-Concluded. — , Aver Number of establishments in operation— age Num num ber of ber of 210 195 225 240 255 270 285 State and department. Year. estab days Under and and and and and and and 300 lish in op 180 under under under under under under under and ments. eration days. 210 225 240 255 270 285 300 over. in days. days. days. days. days. days. days. year. Spinning department— Continued. New Y ork..................... Pennsylvania ............ Rhode Island.............. Vermont........................ Total.................... Weaving department. Connecticut..............*... Maine............................. Massachusetts............... New Hampshire........... New Jersey................... New York.................... Pennsylvania................ Rhode Island................ Vermont........................ Total.................... 1920 1921 1920 1921 1920 1921 1920 1921 . 1920 1921 2 2 4 5 4 4 3 2 50 49 238.0 277.5 260.0 289.4 256.0 272.3 249.3 306.5 253.5 278.4 1920 1921 1920 1921 1920 1921 1920 1921 1920 1921 1920 1921 1920 1921 1920 1921 1920 1921 1920 1921 10 11 11 12 12 11 4 4 4 4 2 2 12 10 7 g 3 2 65 64 256.2 274.3 233.3 259.6 255.9 287.5 223.5 275.3 294.5 293.3 238.0 277.5 267.4 283.8 254.3 273.1 277.0 306.5 254.9 277.8 1 1 1 5 1 1 1 3 1 7 1 2 1 2 1 1 1 3 1 i 3 i i 1 5 1 11 4 3 7 8 14 7 9 2 4 12 2 3 1 3 1 5 4 5 2 2 1 2 1 3 1 1 2 1 2 3 1 2 i i 1 1 i ! 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 3 1 4 3 2 2 1 1 1 3 2 1 1 1 4 1 2 2 2 2 1 2 3 1 12 9 12 7 10 17 1 .........1......... 6 3 8 1 1 1 2 3 7 3 3 1 9 14 3 1 1 2 4 14 In this survey inquiry was made as to the number of starts made both by the establishments and by the several employees during the representative pay period studied. By starts is meant the number of calendar days in the pay period on which the mill operated or the employees worked. The purpose of showing the number of starts was to determine the opportunity afforded for work and the regu larity of employment on the part of employees. A tabulation of such data nas been made for four major groups of employees— male mule spinners, female frame spinners, male weavers, and female weavers. The figures for these occupation groups may be accepted as fairly representative for all employees. Referring to the table below (Table 6), it is seen that 43 mills employed male mule spinners. Of this number, 34 mills were in operation 6 days in the sample pay period studied; 6 were in opera tion only 5 days; 2 were in operation 4 days; and 1 was in operation but 2 days. Weighting the days in operation in each mill by the number of employees, the mills averaged 5.7 days in operation. The employees averaged 5.2 days of work per week, making a loss of 0.5 of a day, due to the many causes that may keep employees from working. Out of the 1,114 employees in this occupation, 639 worked 6 days, 290 worked 5 days, etc. One week only was studied for spinners, but for weavers a twoweeks period was studied. T a b l e 6.—AVERAGE AND CLASSIFIED N UM BER OF STARTS (DAYS W ORKED) PE R P A Y PERIOD 2 3 4 6 5 1 43 5.7 13 5.3 1 4 5 6 2 6 34 il,114 *5.2 14 55 26 90 290 639 2 2 9 2 891 4.7 *22 67 * 51 275 106 370 1 1 .... 2 2 2 2 11 9 2 45 2 45 3 5,455 4 3,580 10/1 9.9 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 24 20 50 32 63 70 122 76 162 86 278 216 119 81 176 168 524 517 727 408 848 428 2,362 1,478 s t a t is t ic s , .... 1 1 labor 11.4 11.4 Number of employees whose starts (days worked) in 2 weeks were— of 63 61 bureau Average Number of establishments in which starts (days worked) in Average starts for 2 weeks were— number Number establish Number of starts ments of es weighted of em (days tablish by num ployees. worked) ments. m ber of 6 8 9 10 11 12 7 2 weeks. employ 5 ees. 1 Not including 5 employees having a two-week pay period. 2 Not including 81 employees having a two-week pay period. 3 Not including 63 employees, starts for whom were not reported. * Not including 1 employee, starts for whom were not reported, and 41 employees, starts for whom were reported for 3 weeks. 3 2 the Weavers: Male.......................... Female..................... 1 Number of employees whose starts (days worked in 1 week were— of Spinners, mule: Male............................... Spinners, frame: Female.......................... Occupation and sex. Number of em ployees. Average number of starts (days worked) in 1 week. b u l l e t in Number of es tablish ments. Occupation and sex. Number of establishments in which starts (days worked) in 1 week were— Average starts for establishments weighted bv num ber of employ ees. FOR SPINNERS AND W EAVERS, B Y SEX. 13 WAGES AND HOURS OE LABOR— WOOLEN AND WORSTED GOODS. EXPLANATION OF SCOPE AND M ETHOD. This report includes data from establishments whose sole or prin cipal products are woolen and worsted materials for ladies’ wear, including dress goods and cloakings; materials for men’s wear, including suitings and overcoatings; goods for uniforms, and flannels. All data were obtained from pay rolls of the various establishments by agents of the bureau. The number of estab lishments included or summarized in the report has varied consider ably since 1907, as follows: Establishments. Establishments. 1907 to 1910............................................ 1911.......................................................... 1912.. . ............................................... 1913.. ................................................. 1914.......................................................... 1916.......................................................... 1918.......................................................... 1920 and 1922......................................... 19 27 46 47 48 61 63 67 In selecting establishments from which to obtain data the bureau undertook to represent all States in which woolen and worsted manu facturing is of material importance, the measure of importance being the number of employees as reported by the United States Census of Manufactures. The following table shows by States the number of employees in the industry as reported by the United States census of 1919, the number of establishments from which the bureau obtained data for 1922, and the number of employees in such establishments. T able 7 . — T O T A L F A C T U R I N G N U M B E R A N D O F N U M B E R E M P L O Y E E S O F I N W E M P L O Y E E S O O L E N F O R A N D W W H I C H O R S T E D D A T A E s ta b lis h m e n ts N u m b e r o f e m p lo y e e s re p o rte d b y S ta te . e m p lo y e e s d a ta a re 1922 in G O O D S A R E M A N U S H O W N F O R a n d fo r w h ic h sh o w n fo r th is r e p o r t . U n ite d S ta te s ce n su s o f N u m b e r o f 1919. e s ta b lis h m e n ts. C o n n e c t i c u t .................................................................. 7 ,7 9 8 11 12 11 N u m b e r o f e m p lo y e e s . 2 ,1 1 3 M a i n e .................................................................................... 9 ,9 1 3 2 ,2 8 0 M a s s a c h u s e t t s .......................................................... N e w N e w J e r s e y ................................................................... N e w 5 3 ,8 6 4 H a m p s h i r e .................................................... 3 ,5 5 7 9 ,7 7 2 4 1 4 ,4 9 0 4 2 8 2 3 ,2 3 8 Y o r7 k, 8....................................................................... 1 ,7 2 3 1 2 P e n n s y l v a n i a ............................................................ 2 2 ,7 9 8 R h o d e 2 4 ,3 9 3 I s l a n d ............................................................. 1 6 ,9 4 6 V e r m o n t ........................................................................... 3 ,0 3 1 O t h e r S t a t e s ................................................................ 1 2 ,9 1 6 T o t a l .................................................................... 1 6 6 ,7 8 7 13 67 3 ,3 4 5 4 ,0 0 2 2 ,2 2 6 3 9 ,4 3 0 According to the census of 1919 more than 92 per cent of the total number of employees in the industry are found in the States in which the establishments furnishing information to the Bureau of Labor Statistics are located. The number of employees for which the bureau obtained 1922 data and for which detailed information is presented in this report is more than 23 per cent of the total in the industry in 1919, the year to which the census figures apply. 27907°—23—Bull. 327-----3 14 BU LLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS. Full-time hours per week are the regular hours during which under normal conditions employees in an occupation are on duty. Full-time hours do not in any way indicate the extent of unemploy ment. Employees may work overtime or broken time or be laid on, or a temporary reduction may be made in working hours without affecting the full-time hours as here presented. The earnings per hour appearing in the tables include the wages of time workers and the earnings of piece workers, and are obtained by dividing the total earnings for the pay-roll period by the total number of hours worked. Where no record was regularly kept of the actual time worked by piece workers, the establishments at the request of the bureau kept a record for the pay-roll period selected. The full-time weekly earnings are the earnings of employees working full time, or the earnings on broken time reduced to equiva lent earnings for a full week. The average actual earnings of employees during one pay-roll period are shown in Table A in comparison with average full time earnings. In this table low actual earnings may be due either to a low rate or to broken time. The averages of full-time hours per week, and actual earnings are computed by adding the data for each employee and dividing by the number of employees. The average full-time weekly earnings, that is the hypothetical earnings, if all employees worked full time, are obtained by multiply ing the average earnings per hour by the average full-time hours. Inscriptions of all the operations in a representative woolen and worsted mill may be found in Bulletin No. 238 of this bureau. Figures relating to wages and hours are shown separately for 28 of the more important occupations. Males and females are tabulated separately in each occupation. Of the 28 occupations tabulated, data are shown for males alone in 12 occupations, for females alone in 6 occupations, and for both males and females in 10 occupations. The occupations are arranged in the order of manufacture in Table 1. All employees not included under any of the selected occupations are combined and shown under “ Other employees.” GENERAL TABLES. In addition to the text tables already shown, four general tables are presented, as follows: T able A.— Average number of starts (days) in representative pay period made by establishments and by employees, average hours and earnings, and classified full-time hours per week, by occupations, sex, and States, 1922. A start is a calendar day on which work was done. This definition applies both to the mill and to each individual employee. The first column relating to starts gives the average number of starts made by the mill. In this average the starts of each mill are weighted by the number of employees in the occupation considered, thus the figures in effect represent the average number of starts afforded the employees of the occupation. The next column shows the number of starts actually made by the employees, which because of time lost by W A G E S A N D H O U R S O F L A B O R — W O O L E N A N D W O R S T E D GO OD S. 15 employees generally falls short of the average starts of the establish ment. Other columns show average full-time hours, average hours actually worked and per cent of full-time hours worked, employees classified according to their full-time hours, average earnings per hour, average earnings actually received for one week, and average full-time earnings per week. T able B.— Average and classified earnings per hour for spinners and weavers, by sex and States, 1922. In this table the average earnings for each employee were obtained by dividing the earnings in the pay period by the hours worked, and in like manner the average earnings for the occupation were obtained by dividing the aggregate earnings in the pay period by the aggregate hours worked by all employees of the occupation. Table C.—Average full-time hours for all spinners and weavers and average and classified actual hours worked for those who made as many starts as mill operated, in pay period, by States, 1922. This table shows the entire number of employees canvassed in the selected occupations included in this table and their average full time hours. Several of the mills, however, did not work full time and many employees did not work as many starts as the mills were open for work. A column of the table shows the number of employees who made all of the starts the mill afforded them, and a parallel column shows the average hours that were worked in the week by the employees who made as many starts as the mill afforded. In addition the table gives a classification of the employees who worked as many starts as the mills were open, according to the hours such employees actually worked. Undoubtedly some employees who made as many starts as the mills were open, did not work as many hours on such days as oppor tunity was afforded them. If an employee lost a part of a day when the mill was open it may have been because no work was available for him or because he did not care to work, therefore the hours actually worked by employees who made every start possible may to some extent fall short of the full opportunity for work. However, even with this uncertainty the table is much more significant than a table of hours worked without any consideration of days or hours lost by absence when the mills were open for work. T able D . — Average and full-time earnings for all spinners and weavers and average and classified actual earnings for those who made as many starts as mill operated, in pay period, by States, 1922. The explanation given for Table C will make this table clear with out further statement. T able A .— AVERAGE NUMBER OF STARTS (DAYS) IN REPRESENTATIVE PAY PERIOD MADE B Y ESTABLISHMENTS AND B Y EMPLOYEES, AVERAGE HOURS AND EARNINGS, AND CLASSIFIED FULL-TIME HOURS PER W E E K , B Y OCCUPATIONS, SEX, AND STATES, 1922. By es tablish ments. Earnings. Number of employees whose full-time hours per week were— Average Average hours full-time actually worked hours By em per week. in one week. ployees. Per cent of full time worked. Un der 48. 48 Wool sorters. Male: Connecticut................. Massachusetts............. New Hampshire......... New Jersey................. Pennsylvania.............. Rhode Island.............. 2 5 2 2 3 3 5 162 74 22 19 76 6.0 4.0 6.0 6.0 6.0 5.8 5.6 3.8 5.8 5.8 5.6 5.7 50.4 48.0 48.0 48.0 54.0 48.0 47.6 29.3 46.6 50.5 50.9 46.2 94 61 97 105 94 96 3 162 74 22 337 Over 48 and un der 54. 54 Over 57 54 and and un un der der 60. 57. 2 60 Average earnings per hour. Over 60. Average Average earnings full-time actually earnings received per week. in one week. •$0.558 .703 .695 .736 .705 .736 $28.12 33.74 33.36 35.33 38.07 35.33 $26.58 20.62 32.38 37.16 35.88 34.00 21 .710 34.36 27.80 28 9 Other States .636 .780 30.53 37.44 12.72 41.36 .702 33.70 19.69 3 .459 .445 .404 .507 .406 .449 .399 .401 22.81 21.58 19.39 24.34 19.49 24.38 19.15 23.26 22.62 18.09 15.98 26.78 11.13 24.11 17.20 22.46 5 .446 21.94 19.57 19 76 All States................. 17 358 5.0 4.9 48.4 39.2 81 Female: Massachusetts............. ................ 2 1 28 9 2.3 6.0 2.3 6.0 48.0 48.0 20.0 53.0 42 110 All States................. 3 37 3.2 3.2 48.0 28.0 58 37 Male: Connecticut................. Massachusetts............. New Hampshire......... New Jersey.................. New Y ork................... Pennsylvania.............. Rhode Island.............. Other States................ 4 6 2 2 2 3 3 1 5 36 14 15 6 8 6 3 5.6 4.5 6.0 6.0 3.3 6.0 5.0 6.0 5.6 4.2 4.9 6.0 3.3 6.0 5.0 5.0 49.7 48.5 48.0 48.0 48.0 54.3 48.0 58.0 49.3 40.7 39.6 52.9 27.4 53.7 43.1 56.0 99 84 83 110 57 99 90 97 3 34 14 15 6 All States................. 23 93 5.2 4.8 49.2 43.8 89 78 Wool washer tenders. 1 1 2 6 1 7 1 8 1 BULLETIN OF THE B'UBEAU OF LABOR STATISTICS. Num Num ber of of Occupation, sex, and State. estab ber em lish ployees. ments. Hours. Average number of starts (days) made in one week— M OS Picker tenders. 34 45 105 18 34 18 8 7 7 5.8 5.7 5.7 5.6 5.9 5.6 5.8 6.0 6.0 5.6 5.6 5.3 5.3 5.8 5.9 5.6 5.9 5.7 48.7 49.0 48.8 49.3 48.8 56.3 48.0 48.0 48.0 47.4 49.2 53.0 46.3 52.4 63.8 47.5 51.6 51.2 97 100 109 94 107 113 99 108 107 30 32 98 14 29 R h od e Is la n d ................... V e r m o n t.............................. O ther S ta te s ..................... 8 12 9 3 3 2 3 2 1 A ll S ta te s....................... 43 276 5.8 5.5 49.3 51.6 105 225 Male: C onnecticut....................... M aine.................................. M assach usetts.................. N e w H a m p s h ir e ............ N e w Jersey........................ N e w Y o r k ........................ P e n n sy lv a n ia ................... R h od e I s la n d ................... V e r m o n t.............................. 8 12 9 3 3 2 3 4 2 50 87 172 26 61 19 34 37 28 5.8 5.8 4.8 5.6 5.8 3.9 4.7 5.5 6.0 5.3 5.3 49.3 48.9 48.9 49.2 48.5 48.0 55.4 48.0 54.0 45.4 44.5 40.8 44.2 54.8 34.0 54.4 43.8 54.2 92 91 83 90 113 71 98 91 100 42 68 153 21 56 19 A ll S ta te s ....................... 46 514 5.3 5.1 49.5 45.3 92 417 22 F em ale: M aine.................................... M assach usetts................ N e w Jersey........................ O ther S ta te s ..................... 3 2 2 3 14 66 6 23 5.6 6.0 6.0 5.0 5.2 5.9 5.3 4.7 48.0 48.0 50.9 48.0 41.5 47.2 47.4 38.3 86 98 93 80 14 66 3 23 3 10 109 5.7 5.5 48.2 44.6 93 106 3 M ale: C onnecticut....................... M aine.................................. M assach usetts................ N ew H a m p sh ir e .......... N e w J ersey..................... N e w Y o r k .......................... P e n n sy lv a n ia ................ R h od e I s la n d ................... V e r m o n t............................. 8 12 9 3 3 2 3 4 2 33 53 107 22 12 11 17 21 35 5.9 5.7 5.4 5.8 6.0 4.5 5.8 5.6 6.0 5.9 5.7 5.3 5. 8 6. 0 4.5 5.6 5.4 5.2 48.5 48.8 48.4 48.5 48.5 48.0 55.1 48.0 54.9 49.7 47.4 45.1 47.4 55.4 42.0 53.0 48.3 48.0 102 97 93 98 114 88 96 101 87 30 42 100 20 11 11 A ll S ta tes....................... 46 311 -------------- 1----------- 5.6 5.5 49.5 47.4 96 ■... ........ 260 Pennsylvania.............. 4 5 8 7 4 5 19.19 19.94 21.81 21.79 23.81 19.37 18.72 19.25 20.35 18.70 20.03 23. 72 20.50 25.55 21.94 18.52 20.68 21.75 11 7 24 14 .428 21.10 22.12 3 7 .361 .370 .393 .394 .535 .420 .391 .363 .391 17.80 18.09 19.22 19.38 25.95 20.16 21.66 17.42 21.11 16.38 16.46 16.06 17.38 29.29 14.27 21.26 15.90 21.20 7 .405 20.05 18.34 .360 .362 .290 .326 17.28 17.38 14.76 15.65 14.91 17.11 13.75 12.47 .351 16.92 15.66 10 .412 .440 .437 .384 .508 .469 .428 .418 .430 19.98 21.47 21.15 18.62 24.64 22.51 23.58 20.06 23.61 20.50 20.89 19.68 18.21 28.14 19.71 22.68 20.20 20.61 10 .433 21.43 20. 50 8 7 7 13 .394 .407 .447 .442 .488 .344 .390 .401 .424 Card tenders. All S ta te s ..................... 5.3 5.5 3.8 5.6 5.0 5.8 5 9 10 7 8 4 5 5 8 26 37 21 8 45 15 Card strippers. — 2 2 1 3 14 21 25 — — 12 — 3 2 24 — — — — 17 ' 3 5 6 5 W AGES A N D H O U R S OF LABOR -----W O O L E N A N D W ORSTED GOODS. M ale: C onnecticut....................... M aine.................................... M assach usetts.................. N e w H a m p sh ir e ............ N e w J ersey........................ , T able A.—AVERAGE NUMBER OF STARTS (DAYS) IN REPRESENTATIVE PAY PERIOD MADE B Y ESTABLISHMENTS AND B Y EM PLOYEES, AVERAGE HOURS AND EARNINGS, AND CLASSIFIED FULL-TIME HOURS PER W EEK, BY OCCUPATIONS, SEX, AND STATES, 1922—Continued. Card grinders. Male: Maine............ Massachusetts New Hampshire New York Other States All States. _ ... Oill box tenders. Male: Massaohiisalts Pennsylvania Rhode Island Other States All States Female: Massachusetts............. Jersey Pennsylvania Rhode Island Other States All States 2 5 2 2 1 12 3 10 10 2 3 By es tablish ments. 4.3 4.6 5.8 4.0 5.0 Number of employees whose full-time hours per week were— Average Average hours full-time actually hours worked By em per week. in one week. ployees. 4.3 4.6 5.2 4.0 5.0 49.3 48.0 48.6 48.0 48.0 40.3 39.6 45.2 36.0 43.8 Per cent of fuU time worked. 82 83 93 75 91 Un der 48. 48 Over 48 and un der 54. 1 10 9 2 2 2 54 Over 57 54 and and un un der der 60. 57. 1 3 28 5.0 4.8 48.4 41.9 87 25 138 6.0 6.0 48.0 54.0 48.0 48.0 36.5 53.2 35.6 38.8 76 99 74 81 138 1 60 Average earnings per hour. Over 60. Average Average earnings full-time actually earnings received per week. in one week. $0,447 .531 .483 .500 .435 $22.04 25.49 23.47 24.00 $17.98 20.88 21.85 18.00 19.03 .491 23.76 20.56 .393 .382 .326 .333 18.86 20.63 15.65 15.98 14.36 20.33 11.63 12.93 21.01 2 2 2 2 132 5.8 5.1 4.2 5.9 4.3 4.6 8 288 5.6 4.4 48.3 38.2 79 276 12 .363 17.53 13.90 3 2 133 70 4.0 5.6 79 2 .355 .382 .361 .305 .256 17.04 18.34 19.31 14.64 12.29 11.87 17.38 18.27 12.15 11.51 79 .........ri ***** .339 16.64 14.13 .447 .414 21.46 19.87 13.95 15.98 12 6 6 12 132 5 3 86 68 3.9 5.2 5.7 4.7 5.6 48.0 48.0 53.5 48.0 48.0 33.5 45.5 50.6 39.8 45.0 70 95 95 83 94 133 70 7 56 6.0 4.7 6.0 15 413 5.1 4.8 49.1 41.7 85 334 3 3 139 14 4.5 5.3 3.6 4.6 48.0 48.0 31.2 38.6 65 80 139 14 68 56 Comber tenders. Male: \feceeohnisettc Rhode Island.............. BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS, Num Number of ber of Occupation, sex, and State. estab em lish ments. ployees. Earnings. Hours. Average number of starts (days) made in one week— M 00 Other States............. 56 | 5.0 79 F e m ale : M assach usetts............. N e w Jersey................... P e n n sy lv a n ia .............. R h od e I s la n d .............. O th er S ta te s ................ 33.6 4.6 5.5 6.0 4.8 6.0 3.9 5.3 5.4 4.7 4.0 48.0 48.0 54.0 48.0 48.0 34.2 47.1 48.7 41.1 33.3 49.7 43.4 70 52 | .416 20.13 I 15.99 .435 20. 92 14.63 29 .396 .382 .384 .381 .398 19.01 18.34 20.74 18.29 19.10 13. 53 17.97 18.71 15. 65 13. 28 29 .385 19.13 153 32 .383 .363 18.38 17.61 13.92 14.58 185 .378 18.18 14.04 861 133 17.47 18.14 16.75 16.90 15.12 15.84 11.66 17.47 7.07 15,94 12.82 15.12 205 100 5.3 M ale: M assach usetts........... . O th er S ta te s................ 154 35 5.9 5.4 4.2 4.7 48.0 48.5 36.4 40.1 A ll S ta te s................ . 189 5.8 4.3 48.1 37.1 861 133 177 153 170 4.6 5.6 2.6 6.0 5.7 6.0 3.9 5.4 2.4 5.7 5.0 5.7 48.0 48.0 48.0 52.8 48.0 48.0 32.0 46.2 20.2 49.9 40.7 45.9 1,615 4.9 4.4 48.5 36.5 123 168 411 59 32 57 5.8 5.7 5.9 5.7 6.0 3.5 5.7 5.6 5.2 5.3 5.3 5.9 3.5 5.1 5.8 5.4 48.5 49.3 48.2 48.9 49.8 48.0 53.7 48.0 51.0 45.9 42.6 43.1 42.8 48.9 30.1 48.7 47.0 43.7 112 134 404 50 22 10 49.2 43.6 914 41 A ll S ta te s ................ . 10 87 71 D r a w i n g -f r a m e tenders, F e m ale : M assach usetts........... . N e w J er sey.................. N e w Y o r k .................... P e n n sy lv a n ia ............. R h o d e I s la n d .............. O th er S ta te s.............. . A l l S ta te s................. 121 17 77 35 153 170 142 .364 .378 .349 .320 .315 .330 1,473 142 .349 16.9 12.74 32 .569 .680 .753 .699 .561 .724 .475 .645 .695 27.60 33.52 36.29 34.18 27.94 34.75 25.51 30.96 35.45 26.08 28.95 32.43 29.96 27.42 21.77 23.16 30.34 30. 35 39 .670 32.96 29. 23 121 75 S p i n n e r s , m u le . M ale: C on n ecticu t................. M ain e............................. . M assach usetts........... . N e w H a m p sh ir e ____ N e w J er sey ................ . N e w Y o r k ..................... P e n n sy lv a n ia ............. R h o d e I s la n d .............. V e r m o n t......................... A l l S ta te s.................. 62 105 6.0 6.0 1,119 5.7 57 118 19 102 WAGES AND HOURS OF LABOR— WOOLEN AND WORSTED GOODS. 209 A ll S ta te s .................. T able A .— AVERAGE NUMBER OF STARTS (DAYS) IN REPRESENTATIVE PAY PERIOD MADE B Y ESTABLISHMENTS AND B Y EMPLOYEES, AVERAGE HOURS AND EARNINGS, AND CLASSIFIED FULL-TIME HOURS PER W E E K , B Y OCCUPATIONS, SEX, AND STATES, 1922—Continued. By es tablish ments. Average Average hours full-time actually hours worked By em per week. in one week. ployees. Earnings. Number of employees whose full-time hours per week were— Per cent of full time worked. Un der 48. 48 Over 48 and un der 54. 54 Over 57 54 and and un un der der 60. 57. 60 Over 60. Average earnings per hour. Average Average earnings full-time actually earnings received per week. in one. week. Spinners, frame. Male: Massachusetts............. Other States................ 3 1 42 3 5.4 5.0 3.8 4.0 48.0 48.0 31.5 35.0 66 73 42 3 $0.357 .347 $17.14 16.66 $11.25 12.16 All States................. 4 45 5.3 3.8 48.0 31.7 66 45 .357 17.14 11.31 Female: Massachusetts............. New Jersey................. Pennsylvania.............. Rhode Island.............. Other States............... 3 2 4 3 3 545 22 116 117 172 5.0 6.0 6.0 5.3 6.0 4.3 5.9 5.4 4.9 5.2 47.9 48.0 52.2 48.0 48.0 35.5 47.4 46.8 40.1 42.1 74 99 90 84 88 20 15 972 5.4 4.7 48.4 38.8 80 3 2 149 16 4.8 5.4 3.6 4.6 46.9 48.0 28.3 37.2 5 165 4.9 3.7 47.0 3 4 3 4 276 106 71 166 5.1 6.0 5.5 6.0 4.1 5.6 5.4 5.4 14 619 5.5 4.8 All States__ 525 22 35 117 172 81 .350 .287 .343 .340 .344 16.77 13.78 17.90 16.32 16.51 12.43 13.62 16.06 13.60 14.49 20 871 81 .345 16.70 13.40 60 78 50 99 16 .307 .245 14.40 11.76 8.68 9.10 29.1 62 50 115 .299 14.05 8.72 46.7 52.5 47.6 48.0 32.0 48.5 43.2 43.2 69 92 91 90 109 4 7 167 21 64 166 81 .291 .286 .239 .264 13.59 15.02 11.38 12.67 9.29 13.88 10.32 11.41 48.1 39.1 81 120 418 81 .275 13.23 10.76 Doffers. Male: Massachusetts... Other States___ All States. Female: Massachusetts............. Pennsylvania.............. Rhode Island__ .* Other States___ All States. BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS. Num Num ber of of Occupation, sex, and State. estab ber em lish ployees. ments. Hours. Average number of starts ( davs') made in one week— tO o Twister tenders. 4 4 9 3 2 9 7 2 12 7 416 45 73 249 60 30 5.2 4.9 4.7 6.0 3.4 6.0 5.0 5.3 3.6 4.3 3.8 5.3 3.3 5.6 4.5 4.9 50.0 48.0 48.0 48.0 48.0 52.6 48.1 48.0 41.3 34.1 31.6 41.9 26.0 48.0 36.7 39.3 83 71 66 87 54 91 76 82 All States................. 40 892 5.1 4.4 49.3 37.0 75 2 693 Female: Connecticut................. Maine........................... Massachusetts............. New Hampshire......... New Jersey.................. New York................ Pennsylvania.............. Rhode Island.............. Vermont...................... 9 12 11 3 4 2 9 7 2 63 101 654 26 36 62 153 84 68 5.9 5.6 4.9 5.4 5.8 4.8 5.9 5.2 6.0 5.3 5.0 4.3 5.3 5.5 3.9 5.4 4.4 5.6 48. 7 48. 7 48.0 48.9 50.2 48.0 52.1 48.4 48.0 40.9 40 9 34.8 42.2 48.0 30.1 44.8 37.0 44.6 84 84 73 86 96 63 86 76 93 4 50 82 654 22 21 62 48 77 68 All States................. 59 1,247 5.2 4.7 48.7 t 37.8 78 5 1,084 Male: Connecticut................. Maine......................... Massachusetts............. New Hampshire......... New Jersey................ New Y ork................... Pennsylvania.............. Rhode Island.............. Vermont...................... 10 11 11 4 3 2 9 8 2 55 39 156 24 24 19 56 70 50 5.8 5.8 5.9 5.8 5.6 4.4 5.7 5.0 6.0 5.6 5.6 5.5 5.6 5.4 3.4 5.5 4.6 5.8 48.3 48.7 48.0 49.0 48.0 48.0 51.4 48.3 50.6 46.5 46. 3 45.2 45.5 45.3 35.5 49.8 39.2 53.8 96 95 94 93 94 74 97 81 106 4 All States................. 60 493 5.7 5.3 48.8 45.6 93 4 428 3 40 6.0 5.6 47.9 44.4 93 1 39 1 1 8 7 415 45 73 56 59 30 4 .282 .345 .350 .345 .392 .341 .416 .344 14.10 16.56 16.80 16.56 18.82 17.94 20.01 16.51 11.64 11.77 11.05 14.48 10.21 16.38 15.25 13.53 197 .352 17.35 13.02 9 7 .381 .412 .386 .554 .306 .358 .355 .378 .389 18.55 20.06 18.53 27.09 15.36 17.18 18.50 18.30 18.67 15.56 16*84 13.44 23.36 14 66 10.77 15.91 13.98 17.35 192 1 Spooler tenders. 1 12 4 15 105 6 27 131 .383 18.65 14.48 2 5 4 1 1 ......... .591 .668 .677 .624 .654 .575 .720 .641 .616 28.55 32.53 32.50 30.58 31.39 27.60 37.01 30.96 31.17 27.48 30.92 30.63 28.42 29.63 20.44 35.85 . 25.14 33.15 1 1 ......... .653 31.87 29.82 .315 15.09 14.01 Dresser tenders. 46 33 156 20 24 19 24 67 39 4 32 3 2 48 Creelers or tiers-in. Female: All States............ WAGES AND HOURS OF LABOR---- WOOLEN AND WORSTED GOODS. Female: Connecticut................. Maine........................... Massachusetts............. New Jersey................. New York................... Pennsylvania.............. Rhode" Island.............. Other States................ TABLE A .— AVERAGE NUMBER OF STARTS (DAYS) IN REPRESENTATIVE PAY PERIOD MADE B Y ESTABLISHMENTS AND B Y EMPLOYEES, AVERAGE HOURS AND EARNINGS, AND CLASSIFIED FULL-TIME HOURS PER W EEK, B Y OCCUPATIONS, SE X, AND STATES, 1922—Continued. Average Average hours full-time actually hours worked By em per week. in one ployees. week. Per cent of full time worked. Over 57 54 and and un un der der 60. 57. Over 48 and un der 54. Un der 48. 60 Average earnings Over per hour. 60. Average Average earnings full-time actually earnings received per week. in one week. Drawers-in. 60 5.8 5.5 5.4 6.0 6.0 4.6 6.0 5.2 6.0 436 5.6 46 52 290 60 71 27 57 97 47 5.8 5.8 5.1 5.9 5.8 3.8 5.6 5.6 6.0 5.1 5.3 5.1 5.8 5.5 4.1 5.7 4.9 5.9 48.5 48.6 48.0 48.2 48.8 48.0 50.9 48.3 48.0 39.8 43.9 40.1 47.1 38.1 29.1 49.8 38.8 48.7 48.5 82 90 84 98 78 61 98 80 101 34 26 153 31 86 392 102 $22.12 22.06 22.18 20.73 25.42 20.35 24.23 26.57 26.16 $18.14 19.92 18.51 20.23 19. 82 12.34 23.72 21.36 26.53 23.28 19.97 .702 .686 .806 .646 .761 .756 .774 .730 .743 34.05 33.68 38.69 31.14 36.38 36.29 39.40 35.19 35.66 34.83 32.73 32.83 29.10 36. 52 23.75 39.49 32.45 35.46 .754 36.49 $0,456 .454 .462 .430 .521 .424 .476 .550 .545 20 15 23 67 23 34 Loom fixers. Male: Connecticut.___ Maine................. Massachusetts... New Hampshire. New Jersey....... New Y ork......... Pennsylvania. . . Rhode Island. . . Vermont............ All States....... 64 747 5.8 5.7 4.9 5.6 5.8 3.7 5.5 5.4 5.7 48.5 49.1 48.0 48.2 47.8 48.0 50.9 48.2 48.0 49.6 47.7 40.7 45.0 48.0 31.4 51.0 44.4 47.8 100 38 38 290 58 64 27 29 93 47 5.3 48.4 44.2 91 684 97 85 93 100 65 100 92 OF LABOR ST A T IS T IC S . All States....... 44 31 153 32 23 15 45 70 23 BUREAU Female: Connecticut....... Maine................. Massachusetts.., New Hampshire New Jersey....... New York......... Pennsylvania... Rhode Island - .. Vermont............ OF T H E By es tablish ments. Number of employees whose full-time hours per week were— B U L L E T IN Num Num ber of of Occupation, sex, and State. estab ber em lish ployees. ments. Earnings. Hours. Average number of starts (days) made in one week— to to Male: Weavers. A ll S t a t e s ...................... 11 12 11 4 4 2 10 8 2 623 515 2,007 207 381 195 401 688 501 5.8 5.9 5.7 5.8 5.6 4.8 5.5 5.5 6.0 15.3 4.8 5.1 5.1 5.4 4.1 5.2 4.8 5.2 48.4 48.6 48.0 48.5 47.1 48.0 50.7 48.5 48.0 43.8 38.9 41.0 40.5 44.3 31.2 48.4 39.8 42.3 90 80 85 84 94 65 95 82 88 64 5,518 5.7 !5.1 48.3 41.5 86 50 507 430 4 2,003 190 47 332 195 134 633 501 101 4,925 66 34 51 .603 .567 .644 .566 .603 .612 .557 .598 .680 29.19 27.56 30.91 27.45 28.43 29.38 28.24 29.01 32.64 26.41 22.07 26.40 22.96 26.74 19.10 26.94 23.78 28.73 .616 29.75 25.55 .592 . 540 .616 . 491 ’ 572 .688 . 475 . 561 !701 28.83 26! 49 29! 57 23.79 27! 77 33! 03 23.97 26.99 33! 65 24.76 2o! 71 23.35 20.62 23! 29 17! 37 2l! 47 24.98 28*. 21 .576 27.85 23.17 .595 .592 .570 .522 .564 .530 .520 .507 .621 28.56 28.95 27." 36 25! 06 28! 37 25." 44 28.08 24.34 29! 81 28.92 29! 15 17! 22 22! 90 28! 41 16! 68 26! 09 18.98 35. 81 11 .560 27.05 19.74 4 .375 .388 .369 18.00 20.18 17.71 13.96 18.99 17.62 4 .373 18.05 15.81 17 2 267 55 439 53 ■ F em ale: C o n n e ctic u t....................... M a in e .................................... M assach usetts.................. N e w H a m p s h ir e ............ N e w J er sey ....................... N e w Y o r k .......................... P e n n sy lv a n ia ................ . R h o d e I s la n d ................... V e r m o n t ............................. A ll S t a t e s ...................... — 11 12 11 2 172 308 1,393 408 342 52 246 487 214 5.9 5.9 5.4 5.8 5.7 3.3 5.7 5.9 6.0 15.8 4.7 4.7 5.2 5.0 3.0 5.1 5.6 4.9 48.7 49.1 48.0 48.5 48.5 48.0 50.5 48.1 48.0 41.8 38.4 37.9 42.0 40.7 25.2 45.2 44.5 40.2 88 78 79 87 84 53 90 93 84 63 3,622 5.6 i 5.0 48.4 40.2 83 4 4 2 9 8 3 147 235 3 1,390 376 7 294 52 145 480 214 13 3,333 A ll S t a t e s ...................... F em ale: M assach usetts.................. P e n n sy lv a n ia .................. O ther States...................... A ll S t a t e s ...................... 202 3 4 33 9 6 .0 6 .0 2 2 6 2 9 3.7 8 6 .0 2 4.8 6.0 3.7 5.6 4.8 6.0 315 4.7 4.2 2 , 4 29 1 19 5.2 5.8 6.0 6 .0 7 1 54 5.6 5.1 49 15 16 21 6 5.8 5.9 4.2 5.8 5.6 3.7 5.1 6 .0 4 .4 5.7 48.0 48.9 48.0 48.0 50.3 48.0 54.0 101 101 63 91 100 66 93 78 120 2 48.0 48.6 49.3 30.2 43.8 50.4 31.5 50.2 37.4 57.7 48.3 35.3 73 2 48.0 52.0 48.0 37.3 49.0 48.0 78 94 100 29 48.4 42.3 87 50 48.0 1 N ot including 1 establishment for which starts were not reported. 101 7 69 207 1 2 1 33 5 9 4 .. 21 8 2 297 2 5 19 = — = 23 12 13 202 = 32 41 = 10 10 10 = 22 45 28 Cloth inspectors. M ale: C on n e ctic u t....................... M a in e .................................... M assach usetts.................. N e w H a m p s h ir e ............ N e w Jersey........................ N e w Y o r k .......................... P e n n sy lv a n ia .................. R h o d e I s la n d ................... V e r m o n t......... ................... — WAGES AND HOURS OF LABOR— WOOLEN AND WORSTED GOODS. C on n e ctic u t...................... M a in e.................................... M assach usetts.................. N e w H a m p s h ir e ............ N e w J ersey....................... N e w Y o r k .......................... P e n n sy lv a n ia .................. R h o d e I s la n d ................... V e r m o n t ............................. T able A .— AVERAGE NUMBER OF STARTS (DAYS) IN REPRESENTATIVE PAY PERIOD MADE B Y ESTABLISHMENTS AND B Y EMPLOYEES, AVERAGE HOURS AND EARNINGS, AND CLASSIFIED FULL-TIME HOURS PER W E E K , B Y OCCUPATIONS, SEX, AND STATES, 1922—Continued. Average Average hours full-time actually hours worked By em per week. in one week. ployees. Per cent of full time worked. 11 9 11 4 4 2 10 8 2 94 36 762 291 155 90 112 180 53 5.8 6.0 4.8 6.0 6.0 3.9 5.4 5.6 6.0 5.4 5.3 4.3 4.9 5.3 3.6 5.2 5.2 5.4 48.4 48.2 48.0 48.0 48.1 48.0 50.5 48.5 48.0 44.0 . 42.9 35.2 41.7 43.2 27.8 42.1 41.0 43.0 91 89 73 87 90 58 83 85 90 All States................. 61 1,773 5.3 4.7 48.2 38.5 80 11 12 11 4 3 2 10 8 2 133 129 930 28 66 114 192 252 141 5.8 5.9 5.3 5.6 6.0 3.3 5.6 5.3 6.0 55 5.5 3.6 5.5 5.6 3.3 5.2 5.2 5.0 48.5 48.4 47.8 48.4 48.7 48.0 51.4 48.3 48.0 44.9 45.7 29.0 45.5 44.8 25.4 45.8 38.7 40.4 93 94 61 94 92 53 89 80 84 4.4 48.4 35.4 73 7 48 77 34 756 289 144 90 66 160 53 6 22 1,669 7 11 6 5 4 1 54 Over 57 54 and and un un der der 60. 57. 60 Average earnings per hour. Over 60. Average Average earnings full-time actually earnings received per week. in one week. $0,370 .319 .375 .389 .393 .382 .328 .356 .328 $17.91 15.38 18.00 18.67 18.90 18.34 16.56 17.27 15.74 $16.36 13.69 13.19 16.23 16.97 10.62 13.81 14.58 14.10 75 .371 17.88 14.28 16 4 .485 .380 .456 .433 .502 .511 .455 .460 .321 23.52 18.39 21.80 20.96 24.45 24.53 23.39 15.41 21.79 17.34 13.22 19.70 22.48 12.97 20.85 17.79 12.96 .445 21.54 15.75 10 1 2 46 16 Menders. Female: Connecticut................. Maine........................... Massachusetts............. New Hampshire......... New Jersey................. New Y ork................... Pennsylvania.............. Rhode Island.............. Vermont...................... All States............... 63 1,985 5.3 8 43 1 109 114 887 26 58 114 84 237 141 52 1,770 2 8 108 14 19 144 =3=3 = =3=.= 22.22 B U R E A U OF LABOR STATISTICS, Burlers. Female: Connecticut................. Maine........................... Massachusetts............. New Hampshire......... New Jersey.................. New Y ork ................... Pennsylvania.............. Rhode Island.............. Vermont...................... Un der 48. Over 48 and un der 54. OF T H E By es tablish ments. Number of employees whose full-time hours per week were— B U L L E T IN Num Num ber of ber of Occupation,sex,and State. estab em lish ments. ployees. Earnings. Hours. Average number oi starts ^aays; made in one week— fc© ^ 20 17 129 67 9 35 11 22 42 5.9 6.0 5.4 6.0 6.0 3.3 5.7 5.5 6.3 5.9 5.8 4.5 5.1 5.9 33 5.6 5.3 6.1 47.9 48.4 48.0 48.1 48.6 48.0 50.7 48.3 52.0 48.9 48.6 36.3 43.2 47.3 28.4 47.4 42.7 52.1 All States................ . 55 352 5.5 5.0 48.6 Female: Connecticut................. Maine........................... Massachusetts............. Pennsylvania.............. Rhode Island.............. Other States................ 2 2 3 3 3 2 2 5 33 5 14 16 5.5 5.6 5.8 6.0 5.4 6.0 5.5 5.2 5.5 6.0 5.2 5.8 All States................. 15 75 5.8 Male: Connecticut................. Maine.......................... Massachusetts.;.......... New Hampshire......... New Jersey................. Pennsylvania.............. Rhode Island.............. Vermont...................... Other States............... 9 12 10 4 4 4 6 2 1 26 20 119 10 28 11 14 16 4 All States............... 52 Male: Connecticut................. Maine........................... Massachusetts............. New Hampshire......... New Jersey................. New Y ork................... Pennsylvania.............. Rhode Island.............. Vermont...................... All States................. * 102 100 76 90 97 59 93 88 100 1 19 16 129 66 8 35 6 21 25 1 41.1 85 1 325 1 51.0 49.2 48.0 51.6 48.0 48.0 48.9 41.5 44.1 49.0 40.8 45.8 96 84 92 95 85 95 5. 5 48.4 44.1 91 5.9 5.7 5.6 5.4 5.8 5.9 5.6 5.8 5.0 5.8 5.7 5.5 4.6 5.6 5.9 5.6 5.5 4.0 48.7 48.8 48.2 49.2 48.6 52.9 48.4 56.7 48.0 51.8 48.2 52.5 40.3 49.9 56.3 48.9 54.4 33.7 106 99 109 82 303 106 101 96 70 23 16 115 8 25 2 13 6 4 3 248 5.7 5.5 49.1 51.1 104 212 9 11 12 11 4 4 2 6 7 2 18 17 124 20 56 28 16 33 18 5.8 5.8 5.5 5.4 5.6 3.5 5.9 5.7 5.8 5.1 5.8 5.1 4.7 5.6 3.2 5.6 5.7 5.8 48.7 48.8 49.4 49.2 48.6 48.0 53.3 48.2 58.0 52.5 52.4 49.6 40.6 52.4 34.6 53.8 50.2 58.1 108 107 100 83 108 72 101 104 100 2 59 330 5.4 5.2 49.6 49.3 99 2 70 25.63 22.51 27.22 22.22 34.17 24.38 25.86 26.23 24.49 26.18 22.57 20.62 19.99 33.28 14.40 24.16 23.15 24.54 17 .520 25.27 21.35 .332 .354 .501 .423 .416 .348 16.93 17.42 24*. 05 21.83 19.97 16.70 16.22 14.66 22.08 20.74 16.99 15.96 .432 20.91 19.09 .430 .442 .479 .445 .579 .400 .412 .431 .291 20.94 21.57 23! 09 21.89 28.14 21.16 19.94 24.44 13.97 22.25 21.29 25.16 17.89 28.89 22.56 20.16 23.43 9.79 .468 22.98 23.91 20.39 21.47 22.28 20.17 28.33 20.26 21.80 20.00 24.53 22.50 23.08 22.34 16.62 30.55 14.62 21.99 20.81 24.60 22.87 22.73 1 5 1 1 4 33 2 14 16 _____________ 17 .535 .465 .567 .462 .703 .508 .510 .543 .471 1 8 1 1 3 _____________ 5 _____________ . _____________ _____________ Fuller tenders. 2 4 3 2 2 9 1 17 3 7 3 7 Washer tenders, cloth. 13 14 109 16 49 28 2 32 5 268 1 4 7 3 2 4 9 .429 .440 .451 .410 .583 .422 .409 .415 .423 4 20 .461 11 4 14 1 12 24 ......... _ _ _ _ _ 25 9 9 11 4 3 2 7 8 2 W AG E S A N D H O U R S OF LABOR -----W O O L E N A N D W OR STED GOODS. Perchers. Male: Connecticut................. Maine........................... Massachusetts............. New Hampshire......... New Jersey................. New Y ork .................... Pennsylvania.............. Rhode Island.............. Vermont...................... T a b l e A .— A V E R A G E N U M B E R OF S T A R T S (D A Y S ) IN R E P R E S E N T A T IV E P A Y P E R IO D M A D E B Y E S T A B L IS H M E N T S A N D B Y E M P L O Y E E S , A V E R A G E fcO H O U R S A N D E A R N IN G S , A N D C L A S S IF IE D F U L L -T IM E H O U R S P E R W E E K , B Y O C C U P A T IO N S , S E X , A N D S T A T E S , 1922—Concluded. C* E a r n in g s . H o u rs. A v e ra g e m a d e N u m b e r O c c u p a t io n ,s e x , a n d S ta te . o f e sta b lis h n u m b e r sta rts (d a y s ) in o n e N u m b e r o f e m p lo y e e s w h o s e w e e k — w e e k N u m b e r fu ll-tim e h o u rs p e r w ere— A v e ra g e A v e ra g e o f e m - A v e ra g e h ou rs P er c e n t p lo v e e s . fu ll-tim e a c tu a lly o f fu ll h o u rs w o rk e d m e n ts . B y es ta b lis h m e n ts . B y e m p er w eek . in on e tim e w o rk e d . w eek . p lo y e e s . O v er O v e r d e r 48. 54 48 U n 48 a n d u n 54 a n d u n d e r d e r 54. 57. A v e ra g e 57 e a r n in g s a n d u n 60 d er O v er p e r h ou r. A v e ra g e e a r n in g s fu ll-tim e a c tu a lly e a r n in g s r e c e iv e d p e r w e e k . 60. in on e w e e k . 60. D r y e r ten d ers , cloth. M a le : C o n n e c tic u t. Maine. Massach 11 setts New Hampshire New Tersey New YnrV " P e n m s y l Are n i a P . h n f i e T s ls ^ n r) V e r m o n t .................•........................ A l l S t a t e s ................................ 9 11 16 100 12 48.5 49.3 50.5 49.0 48.7 48.0 53.0 48.4 57.2 53.2 48.6 ' 48.2 40.9 59.1 34.7 60.3 51.6 51.6 121 14 15 5.7 5.7 4.9 4.6 5.7 3.4 5.8 5.4 5.5 57 219 5.4 5.2 50.3 50.1 100 H 60 64 799 85 57 43 17 150 59 5.9 5.8 5.8 5.9 5.9 48.3 48.9 48.1 48.2 48.6 48.0 52.6 47.8 48.0 46.9 46.3 38.3 46.7 49.7 30.5 52.8 43.3 51.0 97 95 6.0 5.6 5.6 4.6 5.7 5.8 3.5 5.8 5.3 5.7 91 106 5.8 4.9 48.2 41.2 85 4 4 2 6 7 2 30 9 12 10 12 86 10 110 5.7 5.7 5.3 5.4 5.7 3.4 5.8 5.6 5.8 12 11 99 95 83 26 9 72 114 107 90 1 1 4 2 2 3 7 $0,408 .414 .437 .437 .612 .411 .415 .388 .380 1 3 19 .453 22.79 22.69 2 4 .393 .419 .406 .371 .497 .385 .376 .348 .3 8 3 18.98 20.49 19.53 17.88 24.15 18.48 19.78 16.63 18.38 18.42 19.39 15. 55 17. 33 24.69 11.73 19.87 15.08 19.53 2 4 .399 19.23 16.42 1 10 1 13 5 173 1 3 6 17 6 8 12 $21.67 $19.79 20.41 22.07 21.41 29.80 19.73 18.78 21.74 20.02 22.00 20.12 21,06 17.88 36.16 14.27 25.05 19.58 T ru ck ers. M a le : Con n eotiont Maine 12 ]\yf q Q<5q.eh 11 s e t t s H Hampshire -Tersey 4 N e w N e w "V T v p lr 2 N e w 4 "p e rv n c y l-y p n i a 6 P VhI n T go Ii o t ilH X IUHU oC X cU U .......................... 8 Vermont. A l l S t a t e s ................................ 2 60 1,334 4 .6 5.8 5.6 80 97 102 64 100 1 4 56 50 789 82 50 43 3 7 13 4 11 137 59 16 1,270 3 2 13 29 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS. o f Laborers, dyehouse. 5 .6 5 .4 4 9 .1 4 7 .7 97 78 6 .0 5 .8 4 9 .1 5 0 .9 104 64 11 443 5 .5 4 .9 4 8 .1 4 5 .1 94 436 111 9 14 .4 0 9 2 0 .0 8 1 9 .5 5 14 .4 1 8 2 0 .5 2 2 1 .2 7 .4 4 6 2 1 .4 5 2 0 .1 6 7 3 111 6 .0 5 .8 4 8 .0 4 8 .3 101 4 102 6 .0 5 .8 4 8 .9 5 2 .5 107 84 2 32 3 .7 3 .6 4 8 .0 3 5 .9 75 32 43 5 .8 5 .2 5 4 .1 5 0 .2 93 8 26 95 2 5 7 A l l S t a t e s ................................ 66 80 11 107 5 .6 5 .2 4 8 .6 4 6 .5 96 2 36 5 .8 5.7 5 7 .1 5 6 .7 99 4 54 1 ,0 3 2 5 .6 5 .2 4 8 .9 4 7 .3 97 900 18 10 35 2 56 7 .4 1 9 2 0 .1 1 2 0 .2 4 .4 8 9 2 3 .9 1 2 5 .6 8 .4 2 1 2 0 .2 1 1 5 .1 1 .3 9 7 2 1 .4 8 .4 1 4 1 9 .8 9 2 0 .1 2 1 9 .2 5 28 4 .3 9 9 2 4 .2 2 2 2 .6 1 30 11 .4 3 5 2 1 .3 2 2 0 .5 7 Other employees. M a le : C o n n e c t i c u t ................................ 11 M aine.. Massachusetts.. Ne,w Hampshire New .Terpey New Morlr Pen n syl van ia __ Rhode Island . . 12 V e r m o n t .......................................... A ll S t a t e s ................................ 11 . 4 4 2 6 .0 5 .7 5 1 .6 5 1 .1 99 384 5 .9 5 .7 5 0 .0 4 8 .3 97 3 ,1 4 2 304 5 .7 4 .8 4 8 .8 4 2 .1 86 5 35 2 10 44 26 1 4 17 60 18 70 790 6 .0 5 .5 4 8 .5 4 5 .5 94 1 748 7 1 ,0 1 2 5 .8 5 .5 4 9 .0 5 1 .6 105 6 932 45 454 3 .4 3.0 4 4 .2 2 7 .8 63 5 398 498 5 .9 5 .6 5 4 .8 5 3 .5 98 6 105 630 5 .7 5 .4 4 9 .6 4 5 .9 93 18 557 2 583 6 .0 5 .7 5 4 .2 5 3 .3 98 7 ,7 9 7 5 .7 5 .1 4 9 .6 4 5 .4 92 82 5 .9 5 .2 4 8 .5 4 3 .4 89 75 5 .9 5 .4 4 9 .0 4 4 .2 90 4 7 .9 3 3 .3 70 4 8 .2 4 0 .7 84 4 4 .3 91 67 2 215 293 2 ,8 3 1 8 13 1 16 73 17 6 ,3 8 4 2 1 .7 2 2 1 .4 8 .4 3 2 2 1 .6 0 2 0 .8 7 .4 6 1 2 2 .5 0 8 29 51 3 330 8 305 125 6 3 28 6 73 87 434 6 1 .421 1 9 .4 1 .4 0 0 1 9 .4 0 1 8 .2 2 .5 4 7 2 6 .8 0 2 8 .2 4 .4 3 7 1 9 .3 1 1 2 .1 7 2 2 .5 4 47 .4 2 1 2 3 .0 7 7 3 26 11 .4 2 7 2 1 .1 8 1 9 .5 9 36 142 42 58 .4 3 0 2 3 .3 1 2 2 .9 1 140 165 202 260 .4 5 5 2 2 .5 7 2 0 .6 4 1 2 .8 2 F e m a le : Con n ecti 0,11 1 . Maine Massachusetts . New Ham pshire____ New Jersey New V o r k . . . . Pen n syl va n ia . . Rhode Island. . Vermont A l l S t a t e s ................................ 1 ,4 8 5 5 .8 4 .2 4 446 5 .9 5 .0 10 14 62 54 14 .2 9 5 1 4 .3 1 62 13 .3 1 2 1 5 .2 9 l, 423 .3 3 3 433 13 4 317 5 .7 5 .4 4 8 .7 2 150 3 .6 3 .0 4 8 .0 2 4 .7 51 13 476 5 .9 5 .4 5 2 .1 4 6 .4 89 6 142 328 12 276 16 8 304 5 .4 4 .9 4 8 .2 3 9 .2 81 2 126 6 .0 6 .0 5 3 .9 5 2 .0 96 3 ,4 6 1 5 .7 4 .7 4 8 .9 3 8 .4 79 61 275 42 150 .3 4 5 52 94 2 ,8 6 7 42 384 ~ 1 5 .9 5 1 3 .7 7 1 1 .0 9 .3 1 6 1 5 .2 3 1 2 .8 4 .4 2 6 2 0 .7 5 1 8 .8 5 1 6 .5 6 8 .5 3 .333 1 7 .3 5 1 5 .4 5 .3 2 7 1 5 .7 6 1 2 .8 1 74 .2 6 9 1 4 .5 0 1 3 .9 7 74 .3 3 6 1 6 .4 3 1 2 .8 7 27 7 11 WAGES AND HOURS OF LABOR— WOOLEN AND WORSTED GOODS. M a le : T a bl e B .— A V E R A G E A N D C L A S S IF IE D E A R N IN G S P E R H O U R F O R S P IN N E R S A N D W E A V E R S , B Y S E X A N D S T A T E S , 1922. N u m b e r N u m b e r S ta te . o f es ta b lis h m e n ts. N u m b e r o f e m p lo y e e s . A v e ra g e e a r n in g s p er h o u r. o f e m p lo y e e s w h o s e e a r n in g s p e r h o u r w e r e — 10 12 14 16 18 20 25 30 40 50 60 70 80 a n d a n d a n d a n d a n d a n d a n d a n d a n d a n d a n d a n d a n d u n u n u n u n u n u n u n u n u n u n u n u n u n d er d er der d e r d er d e r d e r d e r d er d e r d er d er d e r 12 14 16 18 20 25 30 40 50 70 80 90 c e n ts . c e n ts . c e n ts . c e n ts . c e n ts . c e n ts . c e n ts . ce n ts. c e n ts . ce n ts. c e n ts . c e n ts . c e n ts . 90 $ 1 .0 0 $ 1 .1 0 a n d a n d a n d u n u n u n an d d e r d er d er over. $ 1 .0 0 . $ 1 .1 0 . $ 1 .2 5 . $ 1 .2 5 S p in n e r s , m u le . M a le : C o n n e c t i c u t .................................................................... 8 123 35 41 1 6 39 46 51 16 8 2 28 135 96 105 36 8 18 4 3 2 1 8 1 13 12 16 8 2 M a s s a c h u s e t t s ............................................................ 8 411 .7 5 3 H a m p s h i r e .................................................... 4 59 .6 9 9 32 .5 6 1 Y o r k " . .................................................................... 2 57 .7 2 4 Pennsylvania................................ 2 102 .4 7 5 R h o d e I s l a n d .............................................................. 3 62 V e r m o n t ............................................................................. 2 T o t a l ................................................................................. 44 N e w J e r s e y .................................................................... 3 N e w 15 36 17 12 2 8 6 8 1 2 .6 7 8 12 N e w 168. $ 0 ,5 6 9 M a i n e ..................................................................................... 6 .6 4 5 1 12 105 .6 9 5 1 15 43 32 13 1 1 ,1 1 9 .6 7 0 149 164 335 235 156 56 10 44 1 5 5 86 5 1 1 13 S p in n e r s, fr a m e . F e m a le : M a s s a c h u s e t t s ............................................................ 3 545 .3 5 0 19 23 503 2 22 .2 8 7 2 16 4 Pennsylvan ia................... 4 116 .3 4 3 2 34 48 R h o d e I s l a n d .............................................................. 3 117 .3 4 0 12 Other States.................... _ . _ 3 172 .3 4 4 15 972 .3 4 5 N e w J e r s e y .................................................................... T o t a l ................................................................................. 32 1 104 8 155 9 4 89 814 64 1 3 1 W ea vers. M a le : C o n n e c t i c u t ................................................................... 11 623 1 18 6 6 ' 211 233 71 14 4 6 8 39 109 148 128 57 12 3 5 69 237 418 642 356 185 70 4 5 4 46 71 48 26 1 2 .6 0 3 3 28 56 105 103 59 19 5 .6 1 2 1 9 38 50 34 32 25 6 8 46 89 94 116 41 4 515 .5 6 7 2 ,0 0 7 . 644 NewHampshire............................ 4 207 N e w J e r s e y ..................................................................... 4 381 N e w Y o r k ......................................................................... 2 195 syl v a n i a . ............................................................. 10 401 .5 5 7 2 2 .5 6 6 R h o d e I s l a n d .............................................................. 8 688 .5 9 8 V e r m o n t ............................................................................. 2 501 .6 8 0 T o t a l ................................................................................. 64 5 ,5 1 8 .6 1 6 1 5 12 11 P en n 2 .6 0 3 M a i n e ..................................................................................... M a s s a c h u s e t t s ............................................................ 3 5 1 1 3 3 2 24 1 7 3 8 3 5 28 112 182 196 108 26 13 4 5 4 2 5 36 89 170 107 59 22 6 3 1 40 246 789 1 ,3 6 8 1 ,6 7 0 857 345 125 20 11 14 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS. O c c u p a tio n , s e x , a n d tO j F e m a le : 11 172 . 592 M a i n e ..................... ... 12 308 .5 4 0 M a ssa ch u se tts - . 11 1 ,3 9 3 .6 1 6 1 1 6 25 66 50 17 7 5 2 29 80 94 51 35 3 5 1 2 9 55 251 335 361 229 103 25 6 2 49 183 134 26 9 2 1 2 2 14 34 55 85 82 55 9 2 2 3 11 8 18 10 5 2 2 7 4 408 N e w J e r s e y .............. 4 342 .5 7 2 N e w Y o r k .................. 2 52 .6 8 8 P e n n s y lv a n ia . . . 9 246 .4 7 5 4 12 57 75 61 30 4 40 96 137 143 54 7 2 6 18 30 57 47 39 12 2 2 278 786 953 808 469 182 47 13 10 N e w H a m p s h ir e .4 9 1 3 R h o d e I s la n d .. - 8 487 .5 6 1 2 V e r m o n t ....................... 2 214 .7 0 1 1 T o t a l ........................... 63 3 ,6 2 2 .5 7 6 3 16 43 1 2 13 29 1 ' 10 WAGES AND HOURS OF LABOR— WOOLEN AND WORSTED GOODS. C o n n e c t i c u t .............. T able C .— A V E R A G E F U L L -T IM E H O U R S F O R A L L S PIN N E RS A N D W E A V E R S , A N D A V E R A G E A N D C L A S S IF IE D A C T U A L H O U R S W O R K E D F O R CO TH O SE W H O M A D E AS M A N Y ST A R T S AS M IL L O P E R A T E D , IN P A Y P E R IO D , B Y S E X A N D S T A T E S , 1922. O ONE-WEEK P A Y PERIOD. m a d e sta rts as m a n y a s m ill N u m b e r o f e m p lo y e e s w h o m a d e as m a n y s ta rts a s m ill o p e r a te d a n d w h o se h ou rs w o rk e d in on e w eek w ere— o p e ra te d . N u m O c c u p a tio n , a n d S ta te, sex . b er o f esta b A v e ra g e lis h m e n ts. fu llN u m b e r. tim e h o u rs in N u m b e r. A v e ra g e 16 24 28 32 34 36 38 40 42 44 46 a ctu a l a n d a n d a n d a n d a n d a n d a n d a n d a n d a n d a n d u n u n u n u n u n u n u n u n u n u n u n d er d er d er d er der d er d er d er d er d er d er h o u rs in o n e on e w e e k . w e e k . 20. 28. 32. 34. 36. 38. 42. 40. 44. 46. O v er 48 48 a n d u n d er 48. 50. 50 52 a n d a n d u n u n d er d er 52. 54. O v er 54 54 a n d u n d er 56. 56 58 a n d a n d u n u n d er d er 58. 60. ■60 O v er 60. Spinners, frame. F e m a le : M a s s a c h u s e t t s .. 3 N e w 545 413 4 0 .5 2 22 4 8 .0 19 4 8 .0 P e n n s y lv a n ia .. 2 35 4 8 .0 29 4 7 .8 R h o d e 3 117 4 8 .0 102 4 2 .0 J e r s e y ______ O th er I s la n d .. 4 7 .9 S t a t e s ... 3 172 4 8 .0 65 4 7 .9 A l l S t a t e s _____ 13 891 4 7 .9 628 4 2 .1 3 181 31 178 20 19 1 __ 3 31 2 44 2 225 2 26 56 ___ ___ 1 5 58 1 1 21 7 337 1 ___ __ Spinners, mule. M a le : C o n n e c t i c u t .................... 8 123 4 8 .5 113 4 7 .3 8 10 53 5 M a i n e ....................................... 12 8 168 4 9 .3 115 4 7 .3 2 9 3 2 1 9 18 36 17 411 4 8 .2 251 4 7 .0 8 4 17 5 8 3 65 123 M a s s a c h u s e t t s ............. N e w H a m p s h ir e .. 4 59 4 8 .9 48 4 6 .5 N e w J e r s e y ..................... 3 32 4 9 .8 29 4 9 .7 N e w Y o r k ........................ 57 4 8 .0 62 R h o d e I s l a n d .............. V e r m o n t ............................. O th e r S t a t e s .................. A l l S t a t e s .................... 2 3 2 1 43 56 3 0 .5 4 8 .0 57 4 9 .0 105 5 1 .0 64 4 7 .4 97 5 3 .7 67 5 3 .3 1 ,1 1 4 4 9 .2 800 4 6 .7 1 1 1 2 1 3 18 5 39 1 1 2 1 1 12 15 25 11 19 1 1 8 2 4 1 1 44 1 10 13 30 5 33 115 346 2 9 2 11 2 15 35 2 18 7 20 35 1 9 16 33 13 10 i 2 18 23 40 64 2 9 1 9 11 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS, E m p lo y e e s w h o A ll e m p lo y e e s . TWO-WEEK P A Y PERIOD. m a d e as m a n y N u m b e r o f e m p lo y e e s w h o m a d e as m a n y s ta rts as m ill sta rts a s m ill o p e r a te d a n d w h o se h ou rs w o rk e d in tw o w eek s w ere— o p e ra te d . N u m O c cu p a tio n , S ta te , a n d e sta b se x . lis h m e n ts. A v e ra g e N u m b e r. fu ll-tim e h ou rs in tw o N u m b e r. A v e ra g e 44 a ctu a l a n d h o u rs u n 52 56 60 64 68 72 76 80 84 88 92 a n d a n d a n d a n d a n d a n d a n d a n d a n d a n d a n d u n u n u n u n u n u n u n u n u n u n u n I O v e r 96 a n d 96 u n 100 104 a n d a n d u n u n d er d er 104. 108. tw o d er d e r d e r d e r d er d er d er d er d er d e r d er d er w eek s. 48. 56. 60. 64. 68. 72. 76. 80. 84. 88. 92. 96. 1 3 14 108 8 55 7 26 21 79 14 14 22 4 30 327 104 572 in w eek s. 48 d er 100. 108 O v e r 108. W ea vers. M a le : C o n n e c t i c u t ................................. 560 9 6 .9 364 1 0 1 .4 M a i n e .................................................... 12 515 9 7 .2 191 9 3 .8 M a s s a c h u s e t t s .......................... i 10 11 2 ,0 0 7 9 6 .0 1 ,2 3 3 9 0 .8 N e w H a m p s h i r e ................. 4 207 9 7 .0 130 9 4 .9 N e w J e r s e y .................................. 3 379 9 4 .2 314 9 2 .4 N e w Y o r k ..................................... 2 195 9 6 .0 96 6 4 .2 P e n n s y l v a n i a ........................... 10 401 1 0 4 .0 319 1 0 3 .2 I s l a n d ........................... 8 688 9 7 .0 443 9 4 .4 V e r m o n t .......................................... R h o d e 2 501 9 6 .0 295 9 8 .3 A l l S t a t e s ................................. 162 5 ,4 5 3 9 6 .8 3 ,3 8 5 9 4 .0 1 2 1 4 191 3 22 19 108 1 78 1 4 8 210 1 3 3 6 3 14 1 18 2 3 84 6 21 10 46 285 1 1 1 88 40 387 405 1 ,4 3 5 3 3 ! ! 2 65 55 1 65 1 16 4 2 3 - 196 55 8 1 1 3 7 29 128 8 57 209 5 49 5 200 1 41 2 16 304 57 21 2 8 102 114 11 16 31 2 15 3 8 15 6 50 9 6 7 1 25 15 150 67 217 12 277 5 153 3 67 F e m a le : C o n n e c t i c u t ................................ 110 171 9 7 .4 105 9 6 .8 M a i n e .................................................... 12 308 9 8 .1 131 9 5 .2 M a s s a c h u s e t t s .......................... 11 1 ,3 9 3 9 6 .0 799 8 5 .1 N e w H a m p s h i r e .................. 4 408 9 6 .9 292 9 5 .6 N e w J e r s e y .................................. *3 301 9 5 .6 188 9 3 .4 N e w Y o r k ..................................... 2 52 9 6 .0 44 5 2 .7 P e n n s y l v a n i a ........................... 9 246 1 0 0 .9 175 1 0 0 .0 R h o d e 8' 487 9 6 .2 401 9 5 .6 2 214 9 6 .0 85 9 7 .6 261 3 ,5 8 0 9 6 .7 2 ,2 2 0 9 1 .2 I s l a n d ........................... V e r m o n t .......................................... A ll S t a t e s ................................ 1 N o t in c lu d in g 1 e s ta b lis h m e n t 2 N o t in c lu d in g 2 e s ta b lis h m e n t s fo r w h ic h fo r w h ic h sta rts w e re n o t re p o rte d . sta rts w e re n o t re p o rted 2 2 3 1 1 1 1 347 2 1 1 29 1 43 1 1 1 1 1 45 3 2 3 2 1 1 26 16 ] 2 3 ' 5 76 15 369 18 348 5 39 51 172 196 1 ,1 5 0 2 5 13 28 23 55 6 4 119 2 WAGES AND HOURS OF LABOR— WOOLEN AND WORSTED GOODS, E m p lo y e e s w h o A ll e m p lo y e e s . CO T able D.—AVERAGE FULL-TIME EARNINGS FOR ALL SPINNERS AND WEAVERS, AND AVERAGE AND CLASSIFIED ACTUAL EARNINGS FOR THOSE WHO MADE AS MANY STARTS AS MILL OPERATED, IN PAY PERIOD, B Y STATES, 1922. DO fcO ONE-WEEK PAY PERIOD. Occupation, State, and. sex. Num ber of establish ments. Employees who made as m any starts as mill operated. Average Average actual full-time Number. earnings Number. earnings in one in one week. week. N um ber of em ployees who made as m any starts as mill operated and whose earnings in one week were— U n der $ 10. $15 $16 $17 $18 $19 $20 $12 $10 $13 $14 $11 and and and and and and and and and and and under under under under under under under under under under under $ 11. $ 12. $13. $14. $15. $16. $17. $18. $19. $ 20. $ 22 . S p in n e r s, fr a m e . Female: Massachusetts........................ New Jersey.............................. Pennsylvania.......................... Rhode Island.......................... Other States............................ 12 3 3 545 22 35 117 172 $16.77 13.78 12.72 16.32 16.51 A ll States............................. 113 891 16.42 3 2 413 19 29 102 65 $14.08 13.88 12.61 14.32 16.24 14.25 140 10 42 192 66 21 107 44 17 108 147 17 19 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS, A ll employees. m a d e w h o as sta rts m a n y as m ill N u m b e r o f e m p lo y e e s w h o m a d e a s m a n y s ta rts a s m ill o p e r a te d a n d w h o s e e a r n in g s in o n e w e e k w ere— o p e ra te d . N u m b e r o f O c c u p a tio n , s e x , a n d S ta te . e sta b lis h m e n ts. A v e ra g e _T b e r. e a r n in g s in $18 $20 $22 $24 $26 $28 $30 $32 $34 $36 $38 $40 $42 $44 $46 $48 $50 $52 a ctu a l U n - a n d a n d a n d a n d a n d a n d a n d a n d a n d a n d a n d a n d a n d a n d a n d a n d a n d a n d e a r n in g s d er u n u n u n u n u n u n u n u n u n u n u n u n u n u n u n u n u n u n A v e ra g e fu ll-tim e N u m b e r. in on e on e $18. w eek . w eek . d er d er d er d er d er d er d er d er d er d er d er d er d er d er d er d er d er d er $20. $ 22. $24. $26. $28. $30. $32. $34. $36. $38. $40. $42. $14. $46. $48. $50. $52. $54. S p in n e r s, m u le. M a le : 8 12 8 C o n n e c t i c u t .............. M a i n e ................................ M a s s a c h u s e t t s .. . N e w H a m p s h ir e N e w J e r s e y ............... N e w Y o r k ................... R h o d e 4. 3 I s la n d . . . 123 $ 2 6 .9 0 3 3 .5 2 115 3 1 . 88 3 6 .2 9 251 3 4 .4 4 59 3 4 .1 8 48 32. 59 32 $ 2 7 .6 0 2 7 .9 4 29 57 3 4 .7 5 56 22. 08 6 2 , 3 0 .9 6 57 3 1 .6 7 64 3 2 .9 5 105 35. 45 97 2 4 .8 6 67 2 4 .8 9 4 43 1 ,1 1 4 3 3 .1 1 800 3 0 .7 0 U O t h e r s t a t e s ............. 3 2 i 2 8 .5 3 2 3 2 V e r m o n t ....................... A l l S t a t e s ............. 113 168 411 3 34 1 1 4 337 9 8 25 7 5 2 1 2 11 8 14 3 13 18 15 20 13 1 2 4 18 21 22 32 49 17 10 12 5 1 2 21 15 13 8 1 8 3 5 5 5 7 2 3 1 1 3 2 4 5 6 1 1 1 5 3 5 3 7 4 1 1 6 11 6 6 33 2 1 2 8 9 7 10 3 1 3 1 37 11 10 1 89 87 83 130 59 47 39 19 19 17 2 18 9 45 16 19 3 82 1 4 5 4 4 24 4 24 2 1 1 5 7 1N o t in c lu d in g 2 e s t a b lis h m e n t s h a v in g 2-w e e k p a y r o lls . 2 I n c lu d in g 3 w h o s e e a r n in g s w e r e $6 2 a n d o v e r . 3 I n c lu d in g 6 w h ose e a r n in g s w ere $8 a n d u n d e r $ 10; 5 w h ose u n d e r $18. 4 N o t i n c l u d m g o n e e s t a b l i s h m e n t h a v i n g a 2- w e e k p a y r o l l . w e re $12 a n d u n d e r $14; 19 w h o s e e a r n in g s w e r e $14 a n d u n d e r $16; a n d 4 w h o s e e a r n in g s w e r e $1 6 a n d 33 e a r n in g s W AG E S A N D H O U R S OF LABOR ----- W O O L E N A N D W O R ST E D GOODS. E m p lo y e e s A ll e m p lo y e e s . T able D .-A V E R A G E FULL-TIME EARNINGS FOR A LL SPINNERS AND W EAVERS, AND A V E RAG E AND CLASSIFIED ACTUAL EARNINGS FOR THOSE WHO MADE AS MANY STARTS AS MILL OPERATED, IN PAY PERIOD, B Y STATES, 1922—Concluded. CO TW O-W EEK PERIOD. a n d se x . sta rts w h o as m a n y as m ill N u m b e r o f e m p lo y e e s w h o m a d e as m a n y sta rts as m ill o p e ra te d a n d w h o se e a r n in g s in tw o w eek s w ere— o p e ra te d . N u m O c c u p a tio n , S ta te , p lo y e e s m a d e b e r o f e sta b A v e ra g e lis h m e n ts. N u m b e r . fu ll-tim e e a r n in g s in N u m b e r. tw o A v e ra g e $18 $20 $24 $28 $32 $36 $40 $44 $48 $52 $56 $60 $64 $68 $72 $76 $80 $84 $88 a ctu a l a n d a n d a n d a n d a n d a n d a n d a n d a n d a n d a n d a n d a n d a n d a n d a n d a n d a n d a n d e a r n in g s u n u n u n u n u n u n u n u n u n u n u n u n u n u n u n u n u n u n u n a n d tw o d er d er d er der d er d er d er d er d er d er d er d e r d e r d e r d er d e r d e r d er d er o v e r. w eek s. $20. $24. $28. $32. $36. $40. $44. $48. $52. $56. $60. $64. $68. $72. $76. $80. $84. $88. $92. 1 11 6 4 21 5 39 23 29 20 18 13 8 3 1 1 18 43 41 103 119 118 99 146 184 61 40 89 9 7 9 41 6 13 19 12 s 32 9 11 95 11 17 13 21 31 35 j 36 34 31 23 26 12 11 8 3 3 2 28 32 11 9 in w e e k s. $92 W e a v ers. M a le : C o n n e c t i c u t ..................... MO M a i n e ........................................ 12 515 5 5 .1 1 191 5 1 .9 3 M a s s a c h u s e t t s .............. 11 2 ,0 0 7 6 1 .8 2 1 ,2 3 5 5 7 . 71 560 $ 5 8 .0 4 364 $ 6 0 .9 9 2 N e w H a m p s h ir e ... 4 207 5 4 .9 0 127 5 3 .8 9 13 1 N e w J e r s e y ....................... 4 381 5 6 .8 6 314 5 6 .1 6 4 4 N e w Y o r k .......................... P e n n s y lv a n ia Rhode Island. 2 195 5 8 .7 5 96 4 1 .8 6 10 401 5 6 .4 8 319 5 8 .3 3 8 688 5 8 .0 1 444 5 5 .3 6 V e r m o n t .............................. 2 501 6 5 .2 8 295 6 7 .3 7 A l l S t a t e s ..................... 5 63 5 ,4 5 5 5 9 .5 2 3 ,3 8 5 5 7 .5 9 1 1 2 1 3 9 18 33 58 48 50 38 39 14 11 22 10 13 5 13 8 16 16 17 7 3 1 4 1 3 3 7 12 28 23 33 29 32 25 39 2 7 10 20 36 40 69 45 50 56 40 22 20 10 12 3 3 7 6 12 14 42 48 45 23 19 26 16 15 6 13 143 238 312 342 345 382 427 305 220 141 159 77 44 19 56 28 53 90 1 2 4 1 F e m a le : C o n n e c tic u t. . . . 6 10 171 5 6 .3 6 105 12 308 5 2 .9 7 131 5 0 .0 7 11 1 ,3 9 3 5 9 .1 4 799 4 9 .9 1 4 408 4 7 .5 8 292 4 6 .6 5 5 3 301 5 4 .7 0 188 5 5 .2 5 N e w H a m p s h ir e . N e w J e r s e y ....................... N e w Y o r k . 2 52 6 6 .0 5 44 3 7 .0 0 P e n n s y l v a n i a ................ 9 246 4 7 .9 3 175 4 8 .5 0 R h o d e 8 487 5 3 .9 7 401 5 3 .6 5 2 214 6 7 .3 0 85 6 8 .8 5 6 62 3 ,6 2 1 5 5 .9 0 2 ,2 2 0 5 1 .2 7 I s la n d .. V e r m o n t .............................. A ll S t a t e s ..................... 5 2 5 6 .2 5 M a i n e ........................................ M a s s a c h u s e t t s ............. 1 1 2 5 7 12 22 15 15 6 9 7 1 3 2 15 13 34 11 21 6 6 13 4 1 41 86 90 108 85 51 57 74 65 58 23 6 32 2 14 24 48 91 58 37 13 3 2 2 6 7 13 20 18 14 26 21 15 20 11 4 3 1 6 10 H 10 7 1 5 9 24 24 30 22 18 16 12 4 4 5 1 3 1 5 15 26 32 30 65 40 31 90 18 15 28 2 1 2 2 3 9 17 12 6 7 7 203 255 239 212 190 | 229 128 81 65 47 6 16 69 Not including 1 establishment for which starts were not reported. 1 1 8 1 6 140 304 6 N o t in c lu d in g O 2 e s t a b lis h m e n t s fo r w h ic h 1 1 3 9 6 2 2 11 7 5 12 10 1 sta rts w e re n o t re p o rte d . B U L L E T IN OF T H E BU REAU OF LABOR STATISTICS. E m A ll e m p lo y e e s .
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