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U. S. DEPARTMENT OF LABOR JAMES J. DAVIS, Secretary BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS ETHELBERT STEWART, Commissioner BULLETIN OF THE UNITED STATES! *¥ BUREAU OF LA B O R S T A T I S T I C S /................... I lO e WAGES AND HOURS OF LABOR A AO SERIES W A G E S AND H O U R S O F L A B O R IN W O O L E N A N D W O R S T E D GOODS M ANUFACTURING 1910 TO 1926 JULY, 1927 UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE WASHINGTON 1927 A DDITION AL COPIES OF THIS PUBLICATION MAT BE PROCURED FROM THE SUPERINTENDENT OF DOCUMENTS GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE WASHINGTON, D. C. AT 10 CENTS PEE COPY CONTENTS Page Introduction and summary__________________________________________ 1-16 8, 9 Average hours and earnings, by States___________________________ Average and classified earnings per hour__________________________ 9-11 Regular or customary full-time hours per week and per day________ 12-15 Days worked by employees_____________________________________ 15, 16 Index numbers of employment and of pay rolls, 1922 to 1926----------------- 16, 17 Overtime pay______________________________________________________ 17 Bonuses___________________________________________________________ 17 Importance of the industry--------------------------------------------------------------- 17, 18 Explanation of scope and method____________________________________ 18-20 General tables___ :_________________________________________________ 20-44 T a b l e A.—Average number of days on which employees worked, average full-time and actual hours and earnings per pay period, earnings per hour, and per cent of full-time worked, 1926, by occu pation, sex, and State_________________________________________21-26 T a b l e B.—Average and classified earnings per hour in 13 specified occupations, 1926, by sex and State____________________________27-31 T a b l e C . — Average and classified full-time hours per week in 13 speci fied occupations, 1 9 26, by sex and State------------------------------------ 3 2 -3 4 T a b l e D.—Average and classified hours actually worked in pay period in 13 specified occupations, 1926, by sex and State______________ 35-39 T a b l e E.—Average and classified actual earnings in pay period in 13 specified occupations, 1926, by sex and State___________________ 40-44 hi BULLETIN OF THE U . S. B U R E A U O F L A B O R S T A T IS T IC S n o . 443 WASHINGTON J u ly , 1927 WAGES AND HOURS OF LABOR IN WOOLEN AND WORSTED GOODS MANUFACTURING, 1910 TO 1926 INTRODUCTION AND SUMMARY This bulletin presents the results of a study of wages and hours of labor of wage earners in representative establishments in the woolen and worsted industry in the United States in 1926. Summary figures drawn from preceding reports are also included for each of the years 1910 to 1914 and subsequent alternate years 1914 to 1926. The study is restricted to the mills whose entire or principal products are dress goods and cloth for women’s coats and men’s suits and over coats, or yarns entering into such goods. The wage data used in compiling this report were copied by agents of the bureau from the pay rolls and other records of the establish ments for a representative pay period of one week for the employees in each occupation in the industry except weavers, for which occupa tion a two-week pay period was covered. The 1926 data were taken for a pay period varying as between establishments from June to October. The figures include 22,152 males and 17,818 females of 112 representative mills in Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont. Data were not collected in 1926 in New Jersey, the fourth State in importance in number of wage earners according to the United States Census of Manufacturers, because of the unsettled labor conditions in that State. The number of wage earners covered represent 21 per cent of the total number in the United States and 25 per cent of the total number of employees in the States covered. Summaries of average full-time hours per week, average earnings per hour, and average full-time earnings per week are presented in Table 1 for the wage earners of 27 of the most important occupations in the industry and also for a group designated as “ other employees.” This group includes employees in each of a considerable number of occupations other than those named. The number of employees in each occupation so included is, however, too small to warrant separate tabulation by occupation. Data were not collected for these em ployees prior to 1914. Totals are presented at the end of the table for all wage earners in all occupations combined— that is, for the industry as a whole. Reading the averages for male wool sorters, the first occupation in the table, for example, it is seen that during the years covered average full-time hours varied from 48.1 per week in 1920 to 56.4 in 1 2 W OOLEN AND W ORSTED GOODS M A N U F A C T U R IN G 1911; average earnings per hour changed from 24.1 cents in 1911 t< 87.1 cents in 1920; and average full-time earnings changed from $13.54 per week in 1911 to $41.90 in 1920, the year of the shortest hours per week and the highest earnings per hour and per week. In 1926 male wool sorters had an average full-time week of 50.8 hours, an average earning of 71.3 cents per hour, and $36.22 per full week. Of the 27 occupations for which 1926 figures are presented, 12 are occupations in which males only are employed, 5 females only, and 10 in which there are both males ana females. The average fulltime weekly earnings of males exceed those of females in 9 of the 10 occupations for which figures are shown for both sexes. The greatest difference between the average full-time weekly earnings of males and of females in these occupations in 1926 is $9.13 for drawers-in, and the least is $1.05 for drawing-frame tenders. The average for d%ffers, the remaining occupation for which averages are shown for both sexes, is $13.88 for males and $13.97 for females. Average full-time earnings per week of males by occupation range from $13.88 per week for doffers to $39.54 for loom fixers and of females from $13.97 per week for doffers to $33.50 for wool sorters. Averages are presented at the end of the table for “ selected occu pations” only for each of the years 1910 to 1914 and for “ all occupa tions,” including “ other employees,” for each of the specified years 1914 to 1926. The averages for selected occupations are comparable one year with another, as are also the averages for all occupations, 1914 to 1926. At the end of Table 1, page 7, it is seen that in 1926 the employees, both sexes combined, earned an average of 49.1 cents per hour as compared with 18.2 cents in 1914 and 62.8 cents in 1920. Index numbers of average full-time hours per week, of average earnings per hour, and of average full-time earnings per week are presented in Table 1 for each of the occupations for which 1913 averages were obtained and for the industry as a whole, with the 1913 average used as the base or 100 per cent. The index numbers for the industry from 1910 to 1914 were com puted from the combined data for the selected occupations. The index number for each of the specified years since 1914 were obtained by increasing or decreasing the index for 1914 in proportion to the increase or decrease in the averages for all occupations as between 1914 and the specified succeeding year. Referring to the industry figures at the end of the table, it appears that average full-time hours per week for the industry decreased from an index of 100 in 1913 to 86.2 in 1920 and then increased to an index of 87.1 in 1922, to 87.7 in 1924, and to 88 in 1926. The index for average earnings per hour for the industry increased from 100 in 1913 to 353.7 in 1920, or to a little more than three and one-half times the 1913 figure. The index decreased to 267 in 1922, increased to 300.2 in 1924, and then dropped to 276.5 in 1926. Average full-time earnings per week for the industry increased from an index of 100 in 1913 to 303.6 in 1920, decreased to 231.5 in 1922, increased to 262.0 in 1924, and then dropped to an index of 242.3 in 1926. Weekly earnings did not increase or decrease in the same proportion as earnings per hour because of the decrease or increase in the full-time hours per week. IN T R O D U C T IO N A N D 3 SUM M ARY T a b l e 1 . —Average hours and earnings and index numbers of average hours and earnings, 1910 to 1926, by occupation, sex, and year Occupation and sex Wool sorters: Male...................................... Female___________________ Wool-washer tenders: Male_____________________ Picker tenders: Male_____- _________- _____ Card tenders: Male...................................... Female_______________ ___ Card strippers: Male...................................... Card grinders: Male....................................... Gill-boi tenders: Male............ .................... Female.._________________ Year Aver Aver Num Num age age ber of ber of full earn estab em time ings lish hours per ments ployees per week hour 1910 1911 1912 1913 1914 1916 1918 1920 1922 1924 1926 1920 1922 1924 1926 18 19 19 19 15 17 20 22 17 19 30 1 3 5 1920 1922 1924 1926 Aver age full time earn ings per week Index numbers of— Full time hours per week Earn ings per hour Full time earn ings per week 102.4 102.5 100.4 100.0 98.5 98.4 98.9 87.5 88.0 90.0 92.4 87.9 85.8 95.0 100.0 98.2 117.1 163.7 310.0 252.7 276.2 253.7 . 89.8 87.8 95.4 100.0 97.0 115.4 161.6 271.5 222.7 248.9 234.7 2 289 444 471 246 381 412 538 423 358 359 445 $8 37 65 37 56.3 $0,247 56.4 .241 55.2 .267 .281 55.0 54.2 .276 54.1 .329 54.4 .460 48.1 .871 48.4 .710 49.5 .776 50.8 .713 48.0 .901 .702 48.0 .608 48.2 48.0 .698 20 23 20 33 113 93 119 122 48.8 49.2 49.3 50.2 .583 .446 .513 .463 28.45 21.94 25.29 23.24 1920 1922 1924 1926 41 43 45 56 277 276 275 245 48.3 49.3 49.3 49.7 .530 .428 .471 .438 25.60 21.10 23.22 21.77 1910 1911 1912 1913 1914 1916 1918 1920 1922 1924 1926 1920 1922 1924 1926 26 40 40 40 41 47 47 43 46 47 70 11 10 12 19 201 320 412 329 398 533 599 444 514 528 531 103 109 94 166 56.9 57.1 56.4 56.3 < 56.1 55.8 54.8 48.4 49.5 49.4 49.8 48.3 48.2 48.0 48.7 .127 .136 .135 .142 .147 .186 .287 .517 .405 .473 .419 .437 .351 .409 .365 7.25 7.73 7.64 8.01 8.26 10.38 15.75 25.02 20.05 23.37 20.87 21.11 16.92 19“.63 17.78 101.1 101.4 100.2 100.0 99.6 99.1 97.3 86.0 87.9 87.7 88.5 89.4 95.8 95.1 100.0 103.5 131.0 202.1 364.1 285.2 333.1 295.1 90.5 96.5 95.4 100.0 103.1 129.6 196.6 312.4 250.3 291.8 260.5 1910 1911 1912 1913 1914 1916 1918 1920 1922 1924 1926 27 42 42 42 43 48 48 46 49 73 162 223 240 236 250 303 359 292 311 368 381 57.0 57.1 56.9 56.5 55.7 55.5 54.8 48.2 49.5 50.6 49.5 .153 .151 .163 .168 .169 .209 .324 .570 .433 .506 .464 8.69 8.62 9.29 9.46 9.44 11.61 17.77 27.47 21.43 25.60 22.97 100.9 101.1 100.7 100.0 98.6 98.2 97.0 85.3 87.6 89.6 87.6 91.1 89.9 97.0 100.0 100.6 124.4 192.9 339.3 257.7 301.2 276.2 91.9 91.1 98.2 100.0 99.8 122.7 187.8 290.4 226.5 270.6 242.8 1922 1924 1926 12 15 18 28 37 36 48.4 48.8 50.9 .491 .602 .537 23.76 29.38 26.64 1920 1922 1924 1926 1920 1922 1924 1926 8 8 8 13 15 15 14 21 130 288 343 209 383 413 435 296 49.8 48.3 49.9 50.1 48.4 49.1 49.4 51.0 .502 .363 .439 .405 .442 .339 .382 .326 25.00 17.53 21.91 20.29 21.39 16.64 i8.87 16.63 46 $13.86 13.54 14.72 15.43 14.97 17.80 24.94 41.90 34.36 38.41 36.22 43.25 33.70 29.31 33.50 4 W OOLEN T able AND W OBSTED GOODS M A N U F A C T U R IN G 1.— Average hours and earnings and index numbers of average hours and earnings, 1910 to 1926, by occupation, sex, and year— Continued Occupation and sex Comber tenders: Male......................... ............ 0 Female................................... Drawing-frame tenders: Male_____________________ Female....... ........................... Spinners, mule: Male....................................... Spinners, frame: Male....................................... Female................................... Year Aver Aver Num Num age age ber of ber of full earn estab em time ings lish hours per ments ployees per week hour Index numbers of— Aver age full time earn ings per week Full time hours per week Earn ings per hour 103.1 103.1 100.5 100.0 101.8 102.7 101.8 89.2 87.8 90.5 92.2 98.9 99.5 99.5 100.0 97.7 95.4 94.1 86.8 88.6 87.7 88.9 89.1 90.4 100.0 100.0 103.2 127.6 201.3 353.8 278.8 334.6 306.4 94.9 93.2 99.1 100.0 101.7 151.3 220.5 408.5 329.1 357.3 323.1 92.5 93.3 100.6 100.0 105.8 131.4 205.5 317.2 245.8 304.2 283.7 93.3 92.8 98.5 100.0 99.2 144.0 206.8 354.3 291.2 313.1 287.1 Full time earn ings per week 1910 1911 1912 1913 1914 1916 1918 1920 1922 1924 1926 1910 1911 1912 1913 1914 1916 1918 1920 1922 1924 1926 6 9 9 9 6 8 9 10 11 7 10 6 7 7 7 6 10 12 12 10 10 17 106 188 181 115 228 274 248 162 209 212 171 129 139 150 163 162 178 328 155 100 114 163 56.5 56.5 55.1 54.8 55.8 56.3 55.8 48.9 48.1 49.6 50.5 55. 5 55.8 55.8 56.1 54.8 53.5 52.8 48.7 49.7 49.2 40.9 .139 .141 .156 .156 .161 .199 .314 .552 .435 .522 .478 .111 .109 .116 .117 .119 .177 .258 .478 .385 .418 .378 7.87 7.94 8.56 8.51 9.00 11.18 17.49 26.99 20.92 25.89 24.14 6.13 6.10 6.47 6.57 6.52 9.46 13.59 23.28 19.13 20.57 18.86 1916 1918 1920 1922 1924 1926 1916, 1918 1920 1922 1924 1926 5 6 6 8 8 9 14 15 16 17 15 26 211 193 51 189 263 271 1,603 1,760 1,758 1,615 1,885 1,753 55.0 54.1 48.0 48.1 49.2 48.8 53.7 52.9 48.3 48.5 48.9 49.7 .178 .264 .501 .378 .439 .380 .170 .250 .445 .349 .397 .352 9.80 14.81 24.05 18.18 21.60 18.54 9.15 13.24 21.49 16.93 19.41 17.49 1910 1911 1912 1913 1914 1916 1918 1920 1922 1924 1926 26 40 40 42 42 46 46 46 44 47 69 529 638 719 828 897 1,222 1,431 960 1,119 1,290 1,249 57.0 57.3 56.5 56.5 56.0 55.3 54.9 48.2 49.2 48.9 49.7 .224 .224 .240 .239 .249 .316 .499 .816 .670 .755 .695 12.75 12.81 13.56 13.45 13.88 17.51 27.42 39.33 32.96 36.92 34.54 100.9 101.4 100.0 100.0 99.1 97.9 97.2 85.3 87.1 86.5 88.0 93.7 93.7 100.4 100.0 104.2 132.2 208.8 341.4 280.3 315.9 290.8 94.8 95.2 100.8 100.0 103.2 130.2 203.9 292.4 245.1 274.5 256.8 1910 1911 1912 1913 1914 1916 1918 1920 1922 1924 1910 1911 1912 1913 1914 1916 1918 1920 1922 1924 1926 2 3 3 3 3 3 5 4 4 3 8 10 10 10 9 14 15 14 15 14 23 114 194 244 115 282 266 161 49 45 46 578 1,002 1,070 751 970 1,202 1,330 1,020 972 1,106 1,228 56.0 56.0 54.0 54.0 53.9 53.9 53.0 48.0 48.0 50.0 56.0 56.4 55.2 55.5 54.2 53.9 52.4 48.2 48.4 48.9 49.8 .125 .132 .158 .136 .145 .191 .316 .558 .357 .421 .122 .126 .144 .140 .147 .180 .278 .481 .345 .417 .362 7.01 7.37 8.53 7.33 7.80 10.30 16.74 26.78 17.14 21.05 6.85 7.07 7.92 7.78 7.99 9.68 14.62 23.18 16.70 20.39 18.03 103.7 103.7 100.0 100.0 99.8 99.8 98.1 88.9 88.9 92.6 100.9 101.6 99.5 100.0 97.7 97.1 94.4 86.8 87.2 88.1 89.7 91.9 97.1 116.2 100.0 106.6 140.4 232.4 410.3 262.5 309.6 87.1 90.0 102.9 100.0 105.0 128,6 198.6 343.6 246.4 297.9 258.6 95.6 100.5 116.4 100.0 106.4 140.5 228.4 365.3 233.8 287.2 88.0 90.9 101.8 100.0 102.7 124.4 187.9 297.9 214.7 262.1 231.7 IN T R O D U C T IO N T able AND 5 SUM M ARY 1.— Average hours and earnings and index numbers of average hours and earnings, 1910 to 1926, by occupation, sex, and year— Continued Occupation and sex Doffers: Male_____________________ Female_______________ ____ Twister tenders: Female................................... Spooler tenders: Female___________________ Dresser tenders: Male...................................... Drawers-in: Male....................................... Female___________________ Loom fixers: Male....................................... 48011°—27------2 Year Aver Aver Num Num age age ber of ber of full earn time ings estab em lish ployees hours per ments per week hour 1916 1918 1920 1922 1924 1920 1916 1918 1920 1922 1924 1926 5 5 6 5 7 5 12 12 14 14 10 22 255 138 108 165 214 47 709 829 561 619 566 701 1910 1911. 1912 1913 1914 1916 1918 1920 1922 1924 1926 10 12 12 12 11 23 24 34 40 38 65 1916 1918 1920 1922 1924 1926 49.8 50.5 46.3 47.0 49.9 48.2 52.2 48.6 46.7 48.1 48.1 49.9 Aver age full time earn ings per week .161 .266 .497 .299 .301 .288 .135 .203 .352 .275 .315 .280 8.05 13. 58 23.01 14.05 15.02 13.88 7.05 9.85 16.44 13.23 15.15 13.97 332 600 751 598 884 1,028 802 1,043 892 914 1,117 56.9 .126 .131 56.7 55.7 .137 .135 55.4 .144 54.3 .174 54.2 53.9 .256 .457 48.3 49.3 . .352 .418 49.3 .364 49.7 7.16 7.40 7.62 7.50 7.81 9.43 13.80 22.07 17.35 20.61 18.09 55 56 55 59 64 95 1,571 1,514 1.474 1,217 1,228 1,283 54.1 53.6 48.2 48.7 48.6 49.1 .173 .270 .458 .383 .419 .391 9.40 14.51 22.08 18.65 20.36 19.20 1910 1911 1912 1913 1914 1916 1918 1920 1922 1924 1926 27 46 46 46 47 55 58 63 58 65 95 214 337 384 347 363 422 469 403 493 467 545 57.1 57.1 56.4 56.3 55.2 55.0 54.6 48.6 48.8 49.3 49.1 .242 .243 .262 .263 .273 .318 .452 .767 .653 .748 . 705 13.80 13.85 14.71 14.80 15. 03 17.47 24. 28 37.28 31.87 36.88 34.62 1924 1926 1916 1918 1920 1922 1924 1926 10 22 52 55 63 60 62 84 40 59 424 406 392 436 453 533 51.6 50.2 54.7 54.2 48.3 48.5 49.1 48.9 .690 .666 .250 .355 .595 .480 .535 .497 35.60 33.43 13.68 19.23 28.74 23.28 26.27 24.30 1910 1911 1912 1913 1914 1916 J918 1920 1922 1924 1926 27 46 46 47 47 60 61 64 64 68 99 429 569 589 581 651 794 $43 736 747 821 748 56.6 56.7 55.9 55.8 55.1 54.9 54. 5 48.3 48.4 49.0 49.0 .279 .275 .308 .297 .312 .381 .552 .973 .754 .870 .807 15.76 15.59 17.13 16.55 17.18 20.70 30.04 47.00 36.49 42.63 39.54 Index numbers of— Full time earn ings per week Full time hours per week Earn ings per hour 102.7 102.3 100.5 100.0 98.0 97.8 97.3 87.2 89.0 89.0 89.7 93.3 97.0 101.5 100.0 106.7 128.9 189.6 338.5 260.7 309.6 269.6 95.5 98.7 101.6 100.0 104.1 125.7 184.0 294.3 231.3 274.8 241.2 101.4 101.4 100.2 100.0 98.0 97.7 97.0 86.3 86.7 87.6 87.2 92.0 92.4 99.6 100.0 103.8 120.9 171.9 291.6 248.3 284.4 268.1 93.2 93.6 99.4 100.0 101.0 118.0 164.1 251.9 215.3 249.2 233.9 101.4 101.6 100.2 100.0 98.7 98.4 97.7 86.6 86.7 87.8 87.8 93.9 92.6 103.7 100.0 105.1 128.3 185.9 327.6 253.9 292.9 271.7 95.2 94.2 103.5 100.0 103.8 125.1 181.5 284.0 220.5 257.6 238.9 6 W OOLEN T a b le AND WOKSTJBD GOODS M A N T JF A C T U B IN G 1*— Average hours and earnings and index numbers of average hours and earnings, 1910 to 1926, by occupation, sex, and year— Continued Occupation and sex Weavers: Male....................................... Female................................... Cloth inspectors: Male_____________________ Female____________ Burlers: Female................................... Menders: Female................................... Perchers: Male______-______ ________ Female............................ Fullers: Male..................................... Year Aver Num Num age Aver age ber of ber of full earn estab em time ings lish hours per ments ployees week hour Index numbers of— Aver age full time earn ings per week Full time hours per week Earn ings per hour 101.4 101.4 100.0 100.0 98.0 97.5 96.8 85.8 85.8 86.7 86.9 100.5 101.4 99.8 100.0 97.7 97.3 96.6 86.3 86.4 87.3 87.9 89.2 90.5 102.2 100.0 102.6 131.0 202.6 347.8 265.5 302.2 281.0 91.4 93.4 104.6 100.0 103.0 137.6 206.1 379.2 292.4 332.0 304.6 90.3 91.7 101.8 100.0 100.3 122.1 195.4 298.5 227.8 261.9 244.1 91.9 94.9 104.1 100.0 100.5 133.8 199.1 327.1 252.5 289.9 267.6 Full time earn ings per week 1910 1911 1912 1913 1914 1916 1918 1920 1922 1924 1926 1910 1911 1912 1913 1914 1916 1918 1920 1922 1924 1926 27 46 46 47 48 61 61 64 64 68 97 27 46 46 47 48 61 61 63 63 67 89 2,907 4,049 4,476 3,834 4,336 5,431 5,812 4,825 5,518 5,725 5,528 2,855 3,384 3,586 3,493 3,862 4,505 5,295 3,783 3,622 3,713 2,748 57.1 57.1 56.3 56.3 55.2 54.9 54.5 48.3 48.3 48.8 48.9 56.3 56.8 55.9 56.0 54.7 54.5 54.1 48.3 48.4 48.9 49.2 .307 .210 .237 .232 .238 .304 .470 .807 .616 .701 .652 .180 .184 .206 .197 .203 .271 .406 .747 .576 .654 .600 11.79 11.97 13.30 13.06 13.10 15.95 25.52 38.98 29.75 34.21 31.88 10.14 10.47 11.48 11.03 11.08 14.76 21.96 36.08 27.85 31.98 29.52 1920 1922 1924 1926 1920 1922 1924 1926 10 49 19 23 16 7 18 21 251 315 246 235 144 54 245 103 48.0 48.3 48.7 48.3 48.3 48.4 48.6 49.6 .763 .560 .582 .563 .504 .373 .484 .421 36.62 27.05 28.34 27.19 24.34 18.05 23.52 20.88 1910 1911 1912 1913 1914 1916 1918 1920 1922 1924 1926 26 43 44 44 44 55 55 64 61 60 90 1,034 1,516 1,562 1,643 1,756 1,889 1,867 2,321 1,773 1,711 1,722 56.5 56.8 55.9 55.6 54.6 54.6 54.1 48.4 48.2 49.2 49.3 .130 .130 .145 .146 .155 185 .276 .452 .371 .420 .381 7.33 7.36 8.25 8.14 a 47 10.09 14.94 21.88 17.88 20.66 18.78 101.6 102.2 100.5 100.0 98.2 98.2 97.3 87.1 86.7 88.5 88.7 89.0 89.0 99.3 100.0 106.2 126.7 189.0 309.6 254.1 287.7 261.0 90.0 90.4 101.4 100.0 104.1 124.0 183.5 268.8 219.7 253.8 230.7 1910 1911 1912 1913 1914 1916 1918 1920 1922 1924 1926 25 44 44 42 43 53 53 61 63 64 91 1,196 1,623 1,668 1,388 1,501 1,767 l;685 1,729 1,985 1,850 2,121 56.8 56.8 55.7 55.3 54.4 54.3 54,1 48.5 48.4 48.5 48.6 .160 .160 .189 .183 .195 .245 .349 .603 .445 .534 .507 9.09 9.07 10.50 10.11 10.57 13.28 18.91 29.25 21.54 25.90 24.64 102.7 102.7 100.7 100.0 98.4 98.2 97.8 87.7 87.5 87.7 87.9 87.4 87.4 103.3 100.0 106.6 133.9 190.7 329.5 243.2 291.8 277.0 89.9 89.7 103.9 100.0 104.5 131.4 187.0 289.3 213.1 256.2 243.7 1920 1922 1924 1926 1920 1922 1924 1926 59 55 61 91 13 15 10 16 419 352 460 462 43 75 35 97 48.4 48.6 49.1 49.1 49.8 48.4 48.4 48.6 .687 .520 .601 .559 .468 .432 .452 .482 33.25 25.27 29.51 27.45 23.31 20.91 21.88 23.43 1920 1922 1924 1926 53 52 51 75 195 248 227 223 48.6 49.1 49.0 49.4 .590 .468 .512 .464 28.67 22.98 25.09 22.92 IN T R O D U C T IO N Ta b l e AND 7 SUM M ARY 1.— Average hours and earnings, and index numbers of average hours and earnings, 1910 to 1926, by occupation, sex, and year— Continued Occupation and sex Washer tenders, cloth: Male...................... Dryer tenders, cloth: Male___________ Truckers: Male.. Laborers, dyehouse: Male................... Other employees: Male.............. Female. Year Aver Aver Num Num age age ber of ber of fin- earn time ings estab em hours per lish ments ployees per Week hour Index numbers of— Aver age fuUFull time Full Earn time time earn earn ings hours ings ings per per per per hour week week week 1920 1922 1924 1926 378 330 402 48.6 49.6 49.7 49.7 .574 .461 .518 .442 27.90 22.87 25.74 21.97 1920 1922 1924 1926 276 219 267 222 48.4 50.3 49.8 49.9 .551 .453 .506 .444 26.67 22.79 25.20 22.16 1920 1932 1924 1926 1,205 1,334 1,672 1,236 48.1 48.2 49.2 48.9 .505 .299 .451 .408 24.29 19.23 22.19 . 19.95 837 1,116 1,093 1,041 1,427 1,636 1,606 961 1,032 877 1,008 56.3 56.6 55.5 55.6 54.9 55.0 54.7 48,3 $ .9 49.2 49.4 .143 445 .157 .159 .160 .197 .304 .564 .435 .490 .445 8.06 8.22 $.72 8.84 8.75 10.83 16.60 27.24 21.32 24.11 21.98 13,947 16,978 17,30$ 7,194 7,797 7,984 7,826 112 46 7,781 61 6,347 63 6,407 67 3,349 3,461 3,939 105 3,750 55.7 55.8 55.3 48.6 49.6 49.3 49.4 54.2 53.9 53.4 48.2 48.9 40.1 49.4 .180 .225 .330 .580 .455 .509 .480 .139 .168 .250 .421 .336 .382 .346 10.03 12.51 18.24 28.19 22.57 25.09 23.71 7.54 9.05 13.37 20.29 16.43 18.76 17.09 1910 1911 1912 1913 1914 1916 1918 1920 1922 1924 192« 27 46 45 46 47 55 55 52 54 59 82 1914 1916 1918 1920 1922 1924 1926 1914 1916 1918 1920 1922 1924 1926 47 63 63 67 67 72 101.3 101.8 99.8 100.0 98.7 98.9 98.4 86.9 87.9 88.5 88.8 89.9 91.2 98.7 100.0 100.6 123.9 191.2 354.7 273.6 308.2 279.9 91.2 93.0 98.6 100.0 99.0 122.5 187.8 308.1 241.2 272.7 248.6 910.05 10.18 11.23 11.09 11.06 101.3 101.6 100.0 100.0 98.2 90.4 90.9 102.0 100.0 102.5 91.2 92.4 101.9 100.0 100.4 10.03 12.34 18.57 30.33 23.13 26.17 24.21 97.8 97.0 86.2 87.1 87.7 88.0 126.7 192.6 353.7 267.0 306.2 276.5 123.5 185.9 303.6 231.5 262.0 242.3 THE INDUSTRY Selected occupations................. 1910 1911 1913 1913 1914 19 27 46 47 48 11,912 16,342 17,517 15,653 18,333 56.6 00.178 56.8 .179 55.9 .201 55.9 .197 54.9 .203 All occupations........................ . . 1914 1916 1918 1920 1933 1924 1926 48 61 63 67 67 72 112 40,061 49,954 51,928 38,164 39,430 41,622 39,970 55.0 54.8 54.3 48.3 48.8 49.1 49.3 .182 .225 .342 .628 .474 .533 .491 8 WOOLEN AND WORSTED GOODS MANUFACTURING AVERAGE HOURS AND EARNINGS, BY STATES Table 2 presents, by State and sex, average full-time hours per week, average earnings per hour, and average full-time earnings per week for all the wage earners of all establishments included in the 1926 study. T a b l e 2 . — Number of establishments and of wage earners and average hours and earnings, 1926, by State and sex State and sex Connecticut: Male ______________________________ Female______________________________ Total....................................................... Maine: Male ______________________________ Female______________________________ Number of estab lish ments Number of em ployees Average full-time hours per week Average earnings per hour Average full-time earnings per week 10 10 1,635 682 49.4 49.1 $0.557 .450 $27. 52 22.10 10 ! 2,317 49.3 .526 25.93 15 15 2,309 1,204 50.4 50.6 .537 .448 27.06 22. 67 15 ! 3,513 50.4 .507 25.55 Massachusetts: Male________________________________ Female_____________________________ 15 15 8,830 6,839 48.2 48.0 .538 .430 25.93 20.64 Total-.................................................... 15 15,669 48.1 .496 | 23.8( 1,204 843 50.4 52.3 .522 .422 26.31 22.07 51.2 .482 24.68 49.9 48.9 .541 .474 27.00 23.18 Total...................................................... New Hampshire: Male....... ...... Female......... TotalNew York: Male__ Female.. 1,300 1,036 Total.. 49.5 Pennsylvania: Male_____ Female----- 25.49 29.37 19.31 2,799 3,683 51.8 51.9 6,482 | 51.8 3,153 3,252 48.4 48.1 Total.. 6,405 48.2 Vermont: Male..... Female- 862 279 50.6 51.2 .547 .453 27.68 23.19 1,141 | 50.8 .524 26.62 TotalRhode Island: Male_____ Female___ Total.. Total: Male__ Female.. . 567 .372 23.78 .550 .413 26.62 19.87 23.23 112 112 22,152 17,818 49.3 49.3 .545 .418 26.87 20.61 112 39,970 49.3 .491 24.21 Average full-time hours of males range from 48.2 per week for the 8,830 in Massachusetts to 51.8 for the 2,799 in Pennsylvania, and of females range from 48 per week for the 6,839 in Massachusetts to 52.3 for the 843 in New Hampshire. The average for all males and females combined, or for the industry, range from 48.1 for 15,669 in Massachusetts to 51.8 for the 6,482 in Pennsylvania. AVERAGE AND CLASSIFIED EARNINGS PER HOUR 9 Average earnings per hour of males range from 52.2 cents in New Hampshire to 56.7 cents in Pennsylvania, and of females range from 37.2 cents in Pennsylvania to 47.4 cents in New York. The average for both sexes, or for the industry, range from 45.9 cents in Pennsyl vania to 52.6 cents in Connecticut. The greatest difference between the averages of males and of females in any State is 19.5 cents per hour in Pennsylvania, and the lowest is 6.7 cents in New York. Average full-time earnings per week of males range from $25.93 in Massachusetts to $29.37 in Pennsylvania, and of females range from $19.31 in Pennsylvania to $23.19 per week in Vermont. The average full-time earnings per week for both sexes combined, or for the indus try, range from $23.23 in Rhode Island to $26.62 in Vermont. AVERAGE AND CLASSIFIED EARNINGS PER HOUR Table 3 is a percentage distribution by average earnings per hour of the employees in 13 representative occupations in the industry. Data for the employees in 3 of these occupations are for each of the specified years 1910 to 1926, and for the employees in 10 of the occupations are for 1926 only. Data are shown in the table for males only in 4, for females only in 4, and for both sexes in 5 of the 13 occupations. The 11,063 males here included represent approximately 50 per cent of the total number of males covered in 1926, and the 11,759 females represent approximately 66 per cent of the total number of females included in the study. The males and females together represent approxi mately 57 per cent of all employees included in the 1926 data. The primary purpose of this table is to show the spread of earnings as between individual workers. The 1926 figures for the 13 occupa tions are considered representative of the percentage distribution of employees in the other occupations in the industry. For the dis tribution of employees in 1926 in each occupation and State by aver age earnings per hour see Table B, pages 27 to 31. Reading the figures for male mule spinners in Table 3, it appears that less than 1 per cent of the 529 in the occupation in 1910 earned 10 and under 12 cents per hour, less than 1 per cent earned 12 and under 14 cents, 2 per cent earned 14 and under 16 cents, 8 per cent earned 16 and under 18 cents per hour, 15 per cent earned 18 and under 20 cents, 47 per cent earned 20 and under 25 cents, 25 per cent earned 25 and under 30 cents, and that 2 per cent earned an average of 30 and under 40 cents per hour, that being the highest earnings of any of the employees in that year. It is also seen that in 1910, 1911, and 1912 none of the employees in this occupation earned as much as 40 cents per hour, and that 99 per cent or more of the total number covered in 1920, 1922, 1924, and 1926 earned an average of 40 cents or more per hour. The percentage distribu tion of employees by average earnings per hour as shown in the table are graphic in effect in that they show that the lowest hourly earn ings in the later years begin in the column in which the highest earnings ended in the earlier years of the study. T a b l e 3 . — Average and classified earnings 'per hour for employees in 18 specified occupations, 1910 to 1926, by sex and year © Per cent of employees whose earnings per hour were— 529 638 719 828 897 1,222 1,431 960 1,119 1,290 1,249 1910 1911 1912 1913 1914 1916 1918 1920 1922 1024 1926 8 10 10 10 9 14 15 14 15 14 23 578 1,002 1,070 751 970 1,202 1,330 1,026 972 1,106 1,228 .122 .126 .144 .140 .147 .180 .278; .481 .345 .417 .362 1910 1911 1912 1913 1914 1916 1918 1920 1922 1924 1926 1910 27 46 46 47 48 61 61 64 64 68 97 27 2,907 4,049 4,476 3,834 4,336 5,431 5,812 4,825 5,518 5,725 5,528 2,855 .207 .210 .237 232 ! 238 .304 .470 .807 . 616 .701 .652 .180 0 0 Of (1) 2 2 1 1 1 0 0) 0) 1 0 0 8 9 5 8 4 0 15 15 10 10 12 0 47 53 42 38 37 20 1 25 18 34 31 31 21 1 0 4 1 1 2 0 47 39 3 2 1 0 41 47 34 42 28 8 7 13 53 54 54 8 8 2 16 27 1 0 (ViJ \ 0 0 0 1 (1) 0) 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 2 1 1 1 (l) (l) 0 2 4 4 2 2 2 1 0 9 9 5 5 4 i 0 0 (0 7 10 14 0 1 11 30 1 13 1 7 0 1 26 10 15 13 19 15 17 30 18 28 6 14 21 29 23 1 16 14 25 13 0 0 0 15 5 9 6 13 1 4 3 11 1 1 3 0 0 0) 0 0 i 43 2 15 21 15 13 g 9 7 2 0) 0) (1) 0 17 44 1 3 9 <0 6 19 15 11 12 10 3 0) 0 0 0 (1) 19 33 35 34 33 34 17 2 0 0 0 0) 25 14 17 26 24 29 26 5 0 1 0 1 5 0 0) v/ 2* 3 8 10 14 47 20 1 1 (») 0 32 4 84 36 63 0 50 7 48 26 4 4 13 11 12 40 21 1 4 2 3 1 0 4 42 16 0 0 MANUFACTURING Female.................................... 26 40 40 42 42 46 46 46 44 47 69 GOODS Weavers: Male------- ----- —---------------— $0,224 .224 .240 .239 .249 .316 .499 .816 .670 . 755 .695 1910 1911 1912 1913 1914 1916 1918 1920 1922 1924 1926 90 $1, $1.10, $1.25 cts., un un der un der and der $1.10 $1.25 over $1 WORSTED Spinners, frame: ITAmola 10, 12, 14, 16, 18, 20, 25, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, 9, 8, Un un un un un un un un un un un un un un un un der der der der der der der der der der der der der der der der 8 90 50 60 70 80 30 40 18 20 25 16 12 14 9 10 cts. cts. cts. cts. cts. cts. cts. cts. cts. cts. cts. cts. cts. cts. cts. cts. AND Spinners, mule: Male----------------- . . . . . . -------- Year WOOLEN Occupation and sex Num Num Aver age ber of earn estab ofber em ings lish ployees per ments hour 0 (1) 0 1 0 10 34 2 14 8 10 0 0 1 25 6 25 16 22 0) CO 11 15 30 22 27 0 2 23 16 25 21 0 1 19 6 17 11 0 17 2 7 4 0 0 9 2 1 5 0 0 1 2 0 1 0 3,862 4,505 5,295 3,783 3,622 3,713 2,748 .184 .206 .197 .203 .271 .406 747 576 654 .600 Mate______ ____ 1926 1926 30 2 445 37 713 .698 Male___________ 1926 1926 70 19 531 166 .419 .365 1926 1926 9 26 271 1,753 .380 .352 1926 1926 5 22 47 701 .288 .280 1926 95 1,283 .391 1926 99 748 .807 1926 90 1,722 .381 Wool sorters: Female___________ Card tenders: Trackers: Male........................ Laborers, dye house: Male........................ i Less than 1 per cent. 91 2,121 .507 93 1,236 .408 1926 82 1,008 .445 <*> 0 1 0 0) 0 12 5 8 6 1 0 0) 0) 16 9 11 9 2 0) 0 16 14 16 13 4 1 0 15 17 18 16 6 1 0) 0 (i) 0 23 32 27 30 26 5 (l) 0 0 (l) 6 14 12 15 30 10 0 1 0 1 1 5 3 4 26 34 1 8 4 7 0 0 0 0 4 29 4 22 12 17 0 0 14 12 26 21 26 5 20 22 23 22 1 23 13 20 17 0) 17 5 13 7 3 4 14 11 16 75 70 4 3 2 0 1 2 2 0 0) 5 36 63 59 32 1 1 5 7 69 85 23 8 16 62 51 36 27 2 2 3 8 52 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 7 1 3 0 1 0 1 0 0 fiS w j X 0 0) 23 8 4 1 0 2 10 35 2 11 51 25 7 2 2 2 16 33 25 16 g 1 4 38 47 10 0 9 83 5 0 0 12 j 4 3 0 3 34 3 16 0 2 0 0 j 0 V) 0 PER HOUR 1926 1926 0 EARNINGS Female................... Drawing-frame tenders: Mate....................... Female___________ Doffers: Male........................ Female.................... Spooler tenders: Female.................... Loom fixers: Male....................... Barters: Female.................... Menders: Female........ ........... 0 f 4 4 5 1 1 0 0 CLASSIFIED 3,384 3,586 AND 46 47 47 48 61 61 63 63 67 89 AVERAGE 1911 1912 1913 1914 1916 1918 1920 1922 1924 1926 12 W O O L E N A tfD W ORSTED GOODS M A N U F A C T U R IN G REGULAR OR CUSTOMARY FULL-TIME HOURS PER WEEK AND PER DAY The regular or customary hours of a mill are the hours when the establishment is working its recognized standard of hours on each day of the week. These hours are determined from the regular time for beginning work in the morning until quitting time in the after noon less the regular time off duty for lunch and rest. Table 4 shows the percentage distribution of the employees in each of 13 representative occupations for each of the specified years, 1910 to 1926, for which data are shown. For the distribution of the number of employees in 1926 in each occupation and State by full-time hours per week see Table C, pages 32 to 34. Reading the percentage distribution of wool sorters in Table 4, the first occupation in the table, it will be observed that in the years 1910 and 1911 the full-time hours of all employees in the occupation were more than 54 per week; that the per cent of these employees whose hours were 54 per week varied from 61 in 1912 to 87 in 1918; that in 1920 the hours of 99 per cent were 48 and under 54 and of 1 per cent 54; that in 1922 the hours per week of 94 per cent were 48 and of 6 per cent 54; that in 1924 the hours per week of 75 per cent were 48, of 1 per cent over 48 and under 54, and of 24 per cent 54; and that in 1926 the full-time weekly hours of only 52 per cent were 48, of 3 per cent over 48 and under 54, of 39 per cent 54, and of 5 per cent over 54 and under 57. These figures are representative of the full-time hours per week of the other occupations and of the industry. T able 4.— Average and classified full-time hours per week for employees in IS specified occupations, 1910 to 1926, by sex and year Occupation and sex Wool sorters: Male____________________ Female___________ _____ Card tenders: Male____________________ i Less than 1 per cent. Year Aver Per cent of employees whose full-time Num Num age hours per week were— ber of ber of full estab em time Over 57, 60 Over lish hours Un 54, un and 48, 54 under ments ployees per der 48 under der over week 48 54 57 60 1910 1911 1912 1913 1914 1916 1918 1920 1922 1924 1926 1920 1922 1924 1926 18 19 19 19 15 17 20 22 17 19 30 1 3 5 2 289 444 471 246 381 412 538 423 358 359 445 28 37 65 37 56.3 56.4 55.2 55.0 54.2 54.1 54.4 48.1 48.4 49.5 50.8 48.0 48.0 48.2 48.0 1910 1911 1912 1913 1914 1916 1918 1920 1922 1924 1926 26 40 40 40 41 47 47 43 46 47 70 201 320 412 329 398 533 599 444 514 528 531 56.9 57.1 56.4 56.3 56.1 55.8 54.8 48.4 49.5 49.4 49.8 1 * 99 94 75 52 * 100 100 97 100 3 0) 24 2 94 81 81 66 1 3 61 65 83 82 87 1 6 24 39 88 83 21 21 17 17 7 4 12 14 14 0) 8 5 3 5 5 3 4 5 12 36 32 46 47 62 3 9 9 16 66 55 18 24 18 22 16 1 4 20 35 33 36 19 15 1 2 1 Tabulated in previous reports as “ 48 and under 54.” 14 10 13 8 18 17 14 2 4 4 2 REGULAR T able OR CUSTOM ARY F U L L -T I M E 13 HOURS 4.— Average and classified full-time hours per week for employees in IS specified occupations, 1910 to 1926, by sex and year— Continued Occupation and sex Card tenders—Continued. Female.................................. Drawing-frame tenders: Male..................................... Female.................................. Spinners, mule: Male..................................... Spinners, frame: Male..................................... Female__________________ Doffers: Male------------------------------- Female................................. Spooler tenders: Female__________________ i Less than 1 per cent. 48011°—27------ 3 Year Aver Per cent of employees whose full-time Num Num age hours per week were— ber of ber of full estab em time Over Over 57, 60 lish hours Un 48, 54, un and ments ployees per der 54 under 48 under der over week 48 54 57 60 2 95 97 100 89 1920 1922 1924 1926 11 10 12 19 103 109 94 166 48.3 48.2 48.0 48.7 1916 1918 1920 1922 1924 1926 1916 1918 1920 1922 1924 1926 5 6 '6 8 8 9 14 15 16 17 15 26 211 193 51 189 263 271 1,603 1,760 1,758 1,615 1,885 1, 753 55.0 54.1 48.0 48.1 49.2 48.8 53.7 52.9 48.3 48.5 48.9 49.7 1910 1911 1912 1913 1914 1916 1918 1920 1922 1924 1926 26 40 42 42 46 46 46 44 47 69 529 638 719 828 897 1,222 1,431 960 1,119 1,290 1,249 57.0 57.3 56.5 56.5 56.0 55.3 54.9 48.2 49.2 48.9 --- *49.7 1910 1911 1912 1913 1914 1916 1918 1920 1922 1924 1910 1911 1912 1913 1914 1916 1918 1920 1922 1924 1926 2 3 3 3 3 3 5 4 4 3 8 10 10 10 9 14 15 14 15 14 23 114 194 244 115 282 266 161 49 45 46 578 1,002 1,070 751 970 1,202 1,330 1,026 972 1,106 1,228 56.0 56.0 54.0 54.0 53.9 53.9 53.0 48.0 48.0 50.0 56.0 56.4 55.2 55.5 54.2 53.9 52.4 48.2 48.4 48.9 49.8 1916 1918 1920 1922 1924 1926 1916 1918 1920 1922 1924 1926 5 5 6 5 7 5 12 12 14 14 10 22 255 138 108 165 214 47 709 829 561 619 566 701 49.8 50.5 46.3 47.0 49.9 48.2 52.2 48.6 46.7 48.1 48.1 49.9 1916 1918 1920 1922 1924 1926 40 5 3 10 2 77 96 4 4 23 21 2 5 2 2 13 62 66 4 9 12 27 4 6 8 35 30 48 55 58 4 11 9 16 (l) 2100 1 98 81 0) 87 1 U3 3 2 11 2 96 (0 91 83 0) 68 22 25 296 82 83 69 1 1,571 1,514 1,474 1,247 1,228 1,283 54.1 53.6 48.2 48.7 48.6 49.1 11 16 2 ! 3 0) 61 49 15 21 17 17 24 26 38 38 41 19 18 1 13 13 11 8 17 8 12 3 1 0) 1 1 5 1 100 100 j 1 1 11 1 6 0) 2 0 51 40 27 30 26 22 37 30 19 20 100 100 99 99 89 2 100 100 67 27 24 296 90 82 65 33 4 8 53 43 75 70 80 3 8 14 27 ■1 97 80 32 34 25 20 9 19 14 23 2 49 60 2 73 70 27 89 24 22 267 68 62 59 47 11 7 12 4 21 7 1 295 (l) 2 87 2 89 0) 7 78 0 ''Tabulated in previous reports as 4448 and 55 56 55 59 64 95 8 1 42 53 Q 13 11 28 30 8 76 75 4 11 9 15 8 18 0) under 54,’ 2 11 0) 3 1 1 14 W OOLEN AN D T a b le W OESTED GOODS M A N U F A C T U R IN G Average and classified full-time hours per week for employees in li specified occupations, 1910 to 1926, by sex and year— Continued 4 .— Occupation and sex Loom fixers: Male___ Weavers: Male. FemaJe-. Burlers: Female.. Menders: Female.. Truckers: Male.. Laborers, dyehouse: Male.............. . * Less than 1 per cent. Year Aver Per cent of employees whose full-time Num Num age hours per week were— ber of ber of full Over Over estab em time Un 60 lish 48, hours 54, and under ments ployees per der under over 64 57 week 1910 1911 1912 1913 1914 1916 1918 1920 1922 1924 1926 27 46 46 47 47 60 61 64 64 68 99 429 569 589 581 651 794 843 736 747 821 748 56.6 56.7 55.9 55.8 55.1 54.9 54.5 48.3 48.4 49.0 49.0 1910 1911 1912 1913 1914 1916 1918 1920 1922 1924 1926 1910 1911 1912 1913 1914 1916 1918 1920 1922 1924 1926 27 46 47 48 61 61 64 64 68 97 27 46 46 47 48 61 61 63 63 67 89 2,907 4,049 4,476 3,834 4,336 5,431 5,812 4,825 5,518 5,725 5,528 2,855 3,384 3,586 3,493 3,862 4,505 5,295 3,783 3,622 3, 713 2, 748 57.1 57.1 56.3 56.3 55.2 54.9 54.5 48.3 48.3 48.8 48.9 56.3 56.8 55.9 56.0 54.7 54.5 54.1 48.3 48.4 48.9 49.2 1910 1911 1912 1913 1914 1916 1918 1920 1922 1924 1926 26 43 44 44 44 55 55 64 61 60 90 1,034 1,516 1,562 1,643 1,756 1,889 1,867 2,321 1,773 1,711 1,722 56.5 56.8 55.9 55.6 54.6 54.6 54.1 48.4 48.2 49.2 49.3 10 1910 1911 1912 1913 1914 1916 1918 1920 1922 1924 1926 25 44 44 42 43 53 53 61 63. 64 91 1,196 1,623 1,668 1,388 1,501 1,767 1,685 1,729 1,985 1,850 2,121 56.8 56.8 55.7 55.3 54.4 54.3 54.1 48.5 48.4 48.5 48.6 18 15 12 4 92 89 90 84 1920 : 1922 i 1924 : 1926 62 60 64 93 1,205 1,334 1,672 1,2>36 48.1 48.2 49.2 48.9 2 95 95 81 82 1910 1911 1912 1913 1914 1916 1918 1920 1922 1924 1926 27 45 45 46 47 55 55 52 54 59 82 837 1,116 1,093 1,041 1,427 1, C36 1,608 961 1,032 877 1,008 56.3 56.6 55.5 55.6 54.9 55.0 54 7 48.3 48.9 49.2 49.4 46 12 0) 21 *1 295 92 83 78 8 9 4 7 58 4 5 (0 0) 19 1^ 15 6 9 4 4 *2 22 194 89 87 24 24 2 95 92 84 0) 71 9 7 2 0) 0) 22 295 87 82 74 *Tabulated in previous reports as '*48 and under 54.” REGULAR OR CU STO M ARY F U L L -T I M E HOURS 15 Table 5 shows the full-time hours per week and per day of each establishment covered in each State. The hours per week range from 48 for a total of 67, or 60 per cent of the 112 establishments covered in 1926, to 56 for 2 establishments. The hours per day, Monday to Friday, range from to 1Q3^ and on Saturday range from to 5% in the 89 establishments operated on that day. Twenty-three establishments were not operated on Saturday. Data for these 5-day-week mills are for 3,524 wage earners, or approximately 9 per cent ©f the total number covered. T a b l e 5 . — Classification of establishments in each State, by full-time hours per week and per day, 1926 Full-time hours per day Full-time hours per week Mon Mas- New New Penn Rhode day Fri Satur Con Ver Is to necti Maine sachu- Hamp York syl day day vania land mont shire Thurs cut day SH >tr 48 hours.. Number of establishments in— 8*/« 3 18 26 8M 5H m m 4H m 18 *5 19 8*/o 5 35/« _ 1 1 m 48% hours.. 50 hours.,.. 50% hours.. 51 hours__ 53% hours.. 54 hours.. 10 m 9 9& 9H U O 9 10 9H 9H 9H 9*/« 9 m 9H m 9% 9H 10 10h 10X 10 56 hours.. 9h 9 9h 10^ 10H Total. To tal 6 5 1 1 1 3 5 4& 2 8 2 1 1 17 2 1 4 4 4H H 4H & : 5 5H 5 4»/« s/e 4 5H 1 10 * One-half of the employees. 15 15 40 112 2 Monday, 10. DAYS WORKED BY EMPLOYEES Table 6 shows .the classification of employees in each of 13 repre sentative occupations by number of days on which they worked during the pay period for which 1926 data were reported. Each employee is shown under the specified number of days on which he did any work during the pay period regardless of the number of hours worked on any one day. Average days on which employees worked in pay period are shown by occupations and States in Table A, pages 21 to 26. The male wool sorters of 30 establishments worked an average of 4 days in one week. Thirty-eight of them worked 1 day only, 63 on 2 days, 64 on 3 days, 76 on 4 days, 82 on 5 days, and 122, or 27 per cent, worked on 6 days, the maximum days of operation during the 1-week pay period for which data are shown for male wool sorters. 16 W OOLEN AND W ORSTED GOODS M A N U F A C T U R IN G Data in the table are for one week for the employees in 12 occupa tions and for two weeks for weavers. Average and classified number of days on which employees in 13 speci fied occupations worked in pay period, 1926, by occupation and sex T a b l e 6 .— ONE-W EEK PAY PERIOD Occupation and sex Number of employees in occupation Average who in pay period worked— days on which employees 1 4 2 5 6 3 worked day days days days days days Number of establishments | Num | ber of i em!,ployees 30 2 445 37 4.0 2.9 38 63 16 64 9 76 12 82 122 70 19 531 166 5.1 5.7 14 21 37 4 43 9 123 8 293 145 9 26 69 23 271 1,753 1,249 1,228 4.6 4.7 5.2 4.4 5 27 22 30 28 60 25 48 38 214 82 158 42 370 124 382 54 502 292 322 104 580 704 288 47 5 22 701 95 1,283 99 | 74S 1,722 90 91 2,121 1,236 93 82 1,008 4.1 4.4 4.7 5.3 4.9 4.7 5.0 5.1 1 20 21 19 53 11 24 44 2 44 69 9 51 165 33 34 7 100 219 24 107 340 95 60 24 191 147 105 279 235 212 61 5 198 339 147 469 634 333 252 8 148 488 444 763 736 i 539 557 Wool sorters: M a le ........................... ...... ........... Female____________ _____ _______ Card tenders: Male.................... ........................... Female_________________________ Drawing frame tenders: Male ................... ........................ Female.......... ...... ........... ............... Spinners, mule, male_______________ Spinners, frame, female.......... .............. D offers: Male_________ __ _____ _________ Female. ......................................... Spooler tenders, fem ale_____ _______ Loom fixers, male_____________ _____ Burlers, female_. _________ __________ Menders, female____________________ Truckers, male....... ................ ...... ........ Laborers, dyehouse, male____________ TW O -W E E K PAY PERIOD Number of employees in occupation who in pay period worked— Num Num Average ber of ber of dayson which Occupation estab em em and sex 2 1 6 lish 3 | 4 5 7 8 9 11 10 12 ments ployees ployees worked day days days days days days days days days days days days Weavers: Male___ Female.. 97 89 5,528 2,748 9.8 9.7 33 14 40 19 59 37 101 201 209 76 109 133 186 111 401 252 534 234 1,076 440 877 427 1,811 896 i Including 1 who worked on 7 days. INDEX NUMBERS OF EMPLOYMENT AND OF PAY ROLLS, 1922 TO 1926 The Bureau of Labor Statistics publishes monthly reports on “ Employment in Selected Manufacturing Industries” in which index numbers or percentages of increase or decrease in the number of employees and in the amount of the pay rolls are shown for each industry. In computing the index numbers for employment and for pay rolls the 1923 average was taken as the base or 100 per cent. These numbers are presented in Table 7 for the woolen and worsted industry for each of the months, July, 1922, to December, 1926, and for each year, 1923 to 1926, inclusive. Employment decreased from 100 in 1923 to 91 in 1924 to 88.9 in 1925, and to 80.3 in 1926, a decrease of 19.7 per cent between 1923 and 1928. The amount of the pay rolls decreased from 100 in 1923 to 90.1 in 1924, to 87.2 in 1925, and to 78.9 in 1926. IMPORTANCE OF THE INDUSTRY 17 Both employment and pay rolls were generally lower in June, July, and August of each year than in other months. T a b l e 7. —Index numbers of employment and of pay rolls, July, 1922, to December, 1926, by month and year [Average for 1923=100] Index numbers of— Month Employment i n 1922 Januarv February____ ______ __ _ March_____________ _______ April______________ _______ M ay______________________ June. J u ly ...____________ 1 76.4 August_____________ i 77.4 September-------------85.9 90.1 October____________ November_________ 95.0 December.................. 1 90.7 Year_________ 1 1923 98.7 100.1 101.2 102.3 102.5 101.5 100.4 99.4 97.9 98.1 99.3 98.5 100.0 1924 96.8 96.6 95.9 90.8 88.4 85.2 81.2 82.3 87.7 93.8 95.7 97.1 91.0 1925 95.1 94.0 91.9 90.6 87.8 87.0 85.8 86.0 86.3 87.3 88.0 87.4 88 9 Pay-roll totals i n 1926 1922 86.1 80.1 78.1 77.4 76.8 76.4 76.2 76.3 79.9 84.6 86.1 85.4 80.3 69.6 70.1 78.1 83.0 87.9 92.3 1923 1924 93.2 94.9 96.5 98.1 109.0 107.5 102.6 97.5 99.1 101.4 99.5 100.8 100.0 95.7 98.1 94.5 86.9 84.4 79.4 74.8 80.7 87.7 96.6 98.5 103.3 90.1 1925 99.8 97.2 92.6 88.9 86.6 83.1 83.1 81.1 79.2 84.0 85.7 85.4 87.2 1926 84.7 77.9 76.1 74.0 74.1 74.7 74.4 74.7 77.1 87.2 85.3 87.1 78.9 OVERTIME PAY Overtime is generally considered as time worked in excess of the regular full-time hours per day or week and in this industry is in a considerable number of establishments paid for at a higher rate than is paid for regular working time. Of the 112 establishments included in the 1926 study 60 reported the same rate of pay for overtime as for regular work, 39 paid one and one-half times, 9 paid one and one-quarter times the regular rate, and 2 paid a 10 per cent increase over the regular rate for overtime. The other 2 establishments paid various rates in excess of the regular rate for overtime, these rates varying in the different departments in these mills. BONUSES The bonus systems in effect in such of the establishments in this industry as have them are conditional as to production or to attend ance. The bonus consists of extra pay in addition to regular earnings at regular rates and also in some instances to earnings for overtime at overtime rates. In this study it was found that bonuses were paid to part or all of the employees of 56 establishments. In 45 of the 56 establishments the bonus was based on production, and in 11 the bonus was based on attendance. Bonus systems were not in operation in 56 of the estab lishments included in the study. IMPORTANCE OF THE INDUSTRY The importance of the woolen and worsted industry in the United States for each of the years 1914, 1919, 1921, 1923, and 1925 and in each State for 1923, in number of establishments, in average number of wage earners, in amount of wages, in cost of materials, in value of 18 WOOLEN AND WORSTED GOODS MANUFACTURING products, and in value added by manufacture as reported by the United States Bureau of the Census is as presented in Table 8. These figures have been used by the bureau in computing the average per wage earner for each of the items, wages, cost of material, value of products, value added by manufacture, and the percentage that wages are of the value added by manufacture, which averages and percentages are shown in columns 8 to 12 of the table. Number of establishments, wage earners, cost of materials, value of products, and value added by manufacture in the woolen and worsted goods industry in 1914 to 1923 T a b l e 8 .— State and year United States: 1914_................................ 1919_ ............ .................. 1921...... ........................... 1923______________ ____ 1925.................................. Number Average of estab number of lish wage earners ments Wages Cost of materials Value of products 799 852 1814 i 851 i 832 158,694 166,787 171,592 194,552 165,224 $75,953,444 168,108,681 174,894,768 222,984,522 191,270,791 $246,496,666 665,594,683 400,045,562 622,731,847 620,401,943 $379,484,379 1,065,434,072 755,583,768 1,062,558,438 957,790,338 50 60 186 237 37 197 91 217 176 8,796 13,057 64,842 5,844 7,857 25,491 26,840 4,309 37,516 10,702,313 16,647,404 76,189,812 7,379,723 8,478,691 28,233,140 30,293,439 5,576,151 39,483,849 26,555,464 38,858,689 202,207,973 16,633,804 21,866,345 103,598,886 102,382,884 12,482,074 98,145,728 45,607,061 70,605,500 352,136,045 28,980,502 38,134,717 163,164,369 167,772,827 22,428,138 173,729,279 1923 Connecticut........................... Maine............................ ........ Massachusetts........ .............. New Hampshire................. New York.............................. Pennsylvania..................... . Rhode Island........................ Vermont...... ................... ...... All other States____________ State and year United States: 1914................................ 1919................................ 1921_________________ 1923............................... 1925.......... ..................... Average annual Value added by wages per manufacture wage earner Cost of material per wage earner Value of products per wage earner Value added by Per cent manufac wages are ture per of value wage added earner $132,987,713 399,839,389 355,538,206 439,826,591 337,388,395 $479 1,008 1,019 1,146 1,158 $1,553 3,991 2,331 3,201 3,755 $2,391 6,388 4,403 5,462 5,797 $838 2,397 2,072 2,261 2,042 57 42 49 51 57 19,051,597 31,746,811 149,928,072 12,346,698 16,268,372 59,565,483 65,389,943 9,946,064 75,583,551 1,217 1,275 1,175 1,263 1,079 1,108 1,129 1,294 1,052 3,019 2,976 3,118 2,846 2,783 4,064 3,815 2,897 2,616 5,185 5,407 5,431 4,959 4,853 6,401 6,251 5,205 4,631 2,166 2,431 2,312 2,113 2,071 2,337 2,436 2,308 2,015 55 52 51 60 52 47 46 56 52 1923 Connecticut-...................... M aine............. ............... . Massachusetts.................... New Hampshire-............... New York........................... Pennsylvania...................... Rhode Island..................... Vermont............................ All other States................... i Data for establishments with products less than $5,000 in value not included. 3 Not including data for worsted goods. EXPLANATION OF SCOPE AND METHOD This report includes 1926 data for a total of 112 woolen and worsted mills. The work in 13 mills consists entirely of spinning yarns, in 67 consists of spinning yarn and of weaving and finishing woolen and worsted goods, and in 32 mills the work consists of 19 EXPLANATION OP SCOPE AND METHOD weaving and finishing such goods. The entire or principal products of these mills are dress goods, cloakings, suitings, overcoatings, and flannels, or yarns entering into such goods. The number of establishments for which data are presented for each of the years since 1910 is as follows: Estab lish ments 1910____________________ 1911____________________ 1912____________________ 1913____________________ 1914____________________ 1916..________ _________ 19 27 46 4-7 48 61 Estab lish ments 1918__________ __________ 63 1920__________ __________ 67 1922 _________ __________ 67 1924__________ __________ 72 1926__________ __________ 112 In selecting establishments from which to obtain 1926 data the bureau undertook to include all States in which woolen and worsted manufacturing is of material importance as indicated by the num ber of wage earners reported by the United States Census of Manu factures. As already stated, the unsettled labor conditions in New Jersey is the reason 1926 figures are not presented for that State. Table 9 shows by States the number of wage earners in the industry in 1923 according to the United States Bureau of the Census, the number of establishments from which the Bureau of Labor Statistics obtained data for 1926, and the number of wage earners for whom data are shown for such establishments are also shown in this table. According to these figures, approximately 81 per cent of the total number of wage earners in the industry were in the States in which the establishments furnishing information to the bureau are located. 9.— Number of wage earners in.woolen and worsted manufacturing in 1923 and number of establishments and of employees for which 1926 data are shown, by State T a b le State Establishments a n d employees for which Number data are shown for of wage 1926 in this report earners re ported by United States Cen Number of Number of sus in 1923 1 establish employees ments Connecticut___________________ Maine________________________ Massachusetts_________________ New Hampshire_______________ New Jersey___________________ New York..................................... Pennsylvania_________________ Rhode Island____ _____________ Vermont.......... ......... ................ . Other States................................. 8,796 13,057 64,842 5,844 17,838 7,857 25,491 26,840 4,309 19,678 Total........... ................... .... 194,552 10 15 15 5 5 40 14 8 2,317 3,513 15,669 2,047 (*)• 2,396 6,482 6,405 1,141 112 39,970 (*) 1Not including wage earners in establishments each of which had annual production valued at less than $5,000. 2No wage data collected on account of unsettled labor conditions. Full-time hours per week are the regular hours during which under normal conditions employees in an occupation are on duty. Full-time hours do not in any way indicate the extent of employ ment. Employees may work overtime or broken time or be laid 20 WOOLEN AND WORSTED GOODS MANUFACTURING off, or a temporary reduction may be made in working hours without affecting full-time hours as presented in the report. The average earnings per hour as shown in the tables include the earnings of timeworkers and the earnings of pieceworkers and are obtained by dividing the total earnings in the pay period by the total number of hours worked in the pay period. Where no record was regularly kept of the actual time worked by pieceworkers the establishments, at the request of the bureau, kept a record for the pay period selected. Full-time earnings per week are the earnings of employees working full-time or the earnings on broken time reduced to equivalent earnings for full time. Average full-time weekly earnings, that is, the hypothetical earn ings if all employees worked full time, were obtained by multiplying the average earnings per hour by the average full-time hours per week. A description of each of the operations in a representative woolen and worsted mill is published in Bulletin No. 238 of the Bureau of Labor Statistics. The occupations for which separate data are presented in this report are shown in the order of manufacture in Table 1, pages 3 to 7. GENERAL TABLES In addition to the nine text tables already shown, six general tables are presented as follows: T able A.—Average number of days on which employees worked, average full-time and actual hours and earnings per pay period, earnings per hour, and per cent of full time worked, 1926, by pay period, occupation, sex, and State. This table is complete in that it shows by occupation and State the various averages which have been computed from the data collected in 1926. These are averages of the days on which em ployees worked in the pay period, of full-time hours in the pay period, of hours actually worked in the pay period, of earnings per hour, of full-time earnings in the pay period, and of actual earnings in the pay period. The presentation in this table in parallel columns of “ Average full-time hours per pay period” and “ Average hours actually worked in pay period” is for the purpose of easy comparison of one kind of hours with the other. One shows the average full-time hours that would be worked should all of the employees in an occupation work no more nor less than full time, and the other shows the actual average hours worked by the employees who did any work during the pay period. T able B.—Average and classified earnings per hour in 13 specified occupations, 1926, by sex and State. T able C.—Average and classified full-time hours per week in 13 specified occupations, 1926, by sex and State. T able D.—Average and classified hours actually worked in pay period in 13 specified occupations, 1926, by sex and State. T able E.—Average and classified actual earnings in pay period in 13 specified occupations, 1926, by sex and State. 21 GENERAL TABLES Average number of days on which employees worked, average full-time and actual hours and earnings per pay period, earnings per hour, and per cent of full time worked, 1926, by occupation, sex, and State T a b le One-week pay period Occupation, sex, and State Aver age Num Num days on ber ber which of em of estab em ployees lish ployees worked ments in pay period Per Aver Aver Aver cent age Aver full age age of full full hours age time time time hours earn earn hours actually ings worked ings per worked per per in in pay pay hour pay pay period period penod period Wool sorters, male: Connecticut______- _________ Maine___________ __________ Massachusetts __ i r> ___ New TTampshirp. __r _ Pennsylvania Rhode Island______________ Other States_______________ 3 3 6 2 11 3 2 9 71 186 29 108 40 2 5.2 3.9 &2 1.2 5.6 5.7 5.5 52.0 54.0 48.0 53.8 53.5 48.2 53.0 45.4 37.3 27.2 11.0 52.0 47.2 50.4 87 $0,693 69 .715 57 .713 20 .853 97 .697 98 .*736 95 • .669 Total.................................... 30 445 4.0 50.8 36.0 71 2 37 2*9 48.0 25.2 52.5 54.0 4& 0 50.4 53.4 50.0 54.0 Wool sorters, female: Massachusetts 1 Aver age actual earn ings in pay period $36.04 38.6) 34.22 45.89 37.29 35.48 35.46 $31.47 26.68 19.41 9.40 36.24 34.71 33.73 .713 36.22 25.68 53 .698 33.50 17.59 47.5 46.8 41.6 42.6 55.9 55.7 33.9 90 87 87 85 105 111 63 .516 .490 .465 .388 .472 .465 .401 27.09 26.46 22.32 19.56 25.20 23,25 21.65 24.47 22.92 19.38 16.52 26.38 25.91 13.60 Wool-washer tenders, male: fJnnnftfitinnt Maine___________ -_________ Massachusetts______________ New Hampshire .............. ...... Pennsylvania......... ..... . Rhode Islind____________;__ Other States_____ _______ __ 4 2 7 3 12 3 2 4 5 63 10 30 7 3 4.5 4.8 4.4 5.0 5.4 5.7 4.0 Total.................................... 33 122 4.8 50.2 46.2 92 .463 23.24 21.47 Rhode Island______________ Vermont_________. . . _______ 8 11 8 3 4 12 3 7 48 61 52 11 25 25 11 12 5.4 4.9 5.9 6.0 6.0 5.2 6.0 5.6 49.8 49.4 48.0 48.0 51.4 52.2 48.0 51.5 47.0 42.8 48.3 50.8 55.6 49.1 50.9 54.2 94 87 101 106 108 94 106 105 .441 .423 .427 .427 .438 .489 .410 .473 21.96 20.90 20.50 20.50 22.51 25.53 19.68 24.36 20.75 18.08 20.64 21.68 24.34 24.01 20.85 25.64 21.04 Picker tenders, male: Connecticut.____- - _________ M aine___ _______ - _________ Massachusetts............. ........... New Hampshire____________ New Y o rk ..._______________ P e n n s y lv a n ia ___________________ Total....... _........................... 56 245 5.5 49.7 48.0 97 .438 21.77 Card tenders, male: Connecticut-_____- _________ Maine_____________________ M assachusetts______________ New Hampshire____________ New York_________________ Pennsylvania______________ Rhode Island.______________ Vermont__ .>_______________ 8 13 10 3 4 19 5 8 50 66 172 37 35 75 43 53 5.4 4.7 4.9 5.6 5.9 5.1 5.8 4.8 49.2 49.8 48.0 49.6 50.9 52.6 49.3 51.6 47.5 42.7 43.4 50.2 53.0 47.2 53.8 42.4 97 86 90 101 104 90 109 82 .427 .408 .410 .410 .414 .463 .395 .421 21.01 r 20.23 17.47 20.32 19.68 17.80 20.34 20.61 21.07 21.95 24.35 21.85 19.47 21.26 21.72 17.87 Total___________________ _ 70 531 5.1 49.8 46.1 93 .419 20.87 19.32 Card tenders, female: Maine_______ _____________ Massachusetts_____________ New Hampshire—-_________ Pennsylvania.......................... Other States...... ..................... 8 5 2 2 2 29 113 13 4 7 5.3 5.9 5.5 5.5 6.0 49.9 • 45.5 46.9 48.0 49.4 45.6 48.9 54.0 51.4 51.4 91 98 92 91 100 .370 .375 .318 .293 .327 18.46 18.00 15.71 15.82 16.81 16.83 17.60 14.52 14.33 16.81 Total.................................... 19 166 5.7 48.7 46.8 96 .365 17.78 | 17.11 8 15 12 5 4 17 4 8 33 73 122 28 18 45 22 40 5.5 5.1 5.6 4.6 5.4 5.1 6.0 5.3 49.2 49.9 48.0 49.1 50.3 52.6 48.0 50.9 48.7 47.1 50.0 39.8 50.1 48.9 51.7 45.1 99 94 104 81 100 93 108 89 .471 .474 .448 .422 .487 .525 .433 .451 23.17 23.65 21.50 20.72 24. 50 27.62 20.78 22.96 73 381 5.4 49.5 48.0 97 .464 22.97 | 22.29 Card strippers, male: Connecticut_______________ Maine . . _______________ * Massachusetts_____ _______ New Hampshire........ ............ New York________________ _ Pennsylvania_____ - ________ Rhode Island_____ i ________ Vermont___ . . . . ____ ______ Total............................... 48011°—27------4 22.95 22.36 22.40 16.81 24.43 25.66 22.37 20.32 22 WOOLEN AND WORSTED GOODS MANUFACTURING A.—Average number of days on which employees worked, average full-time and actual hours and earnings per pay period, earnings per hour, and per cent of full time worked, 1926, by occupation, sex, and State— Continued T a b le One-week pay period—Continued Occupation, sex, and State Aver age Num Num days on ber ber which of of em estab em lish ployees ployees worked ments in pay period Aver age. full time hours per pay period Per Aver Aver Aver cent age age age of full Aver full age hours time earn time actual earn actually hours ings earn ings worked worked per ings in pay in per hour period pay pay period period period Card grinders, male: Contiftp.t.irait. M assachusetts______ _______ New York_________________ Pennsylvania______________ Other States.......................... . 6 6 2 2 2 8 15 4 3 6 5.3 5.1 6.0 6.0 6.0 49.3 48.0 52.5 54.0 50.0 46.7 47.8 55.5 59.9 56.7 95 $0,625 $30.81 100 .516 24.77 106 .551 28.93 111 .551 29.75 113 .470 23.50 $29.21 24.64 30.53 33.00 26.66 Total.................................... 18 36 5.4 49.6 50.9 103 .537 26.64 27.34 Gill-box tenders, male: Massachusetts......................... Pennsylvania.......................... Rhnd« Tsiand Other States.......*.................. 3 5 3 2 119 36 32 22 4.0 5.1 5.2 3.8 48.0 53.2 51.6 54.0 33.9 47.0 50.5 36.6 71 88 98 68 .421 .377 .415 .362 20.21 20.06 21.41 19.55 14.26 17.74 20.95 13.27 Total.................................... 13 209 4.4 50.1 39.0 78 .405 20.29 15.78 Gill-box tenders, female: Massachusetts____ _________ New York_________________ Pennsylvania Rhode Island ............ ........ Other States............................ 4 2 11 3 1 27 20 150 87 12 4.6 4.9 5.2 6.0 4.1 48.0 48.0 53.5 48.0 54.0 38.8 38,9 46.8 47.7 38.8 81 81 87 99 72 .326 .344 .342 .285 .431 15.65 16.51 18.30 13.68 23.27 12.64 13.37 15.99 13.60 16.73 Total.................................... 21 296 5.3 51.0 45.5 89 .326 16.63 14.83 Comber tenders, male: Massachusetts______________ Pennsylvania ______________ Rhode Island_______________ Other States_______________ 2 4 2 2 98 22 15 36 4.9 5.6 5.1 4.6 48.0 54.0 53.1 54.0 44.3 49.3 52.6 43.7 92 91 99 81 .496 .368 .588 .448 23.81 19.87 31.22 24.19 21.97 18.17 30.93 19.54 Total____________________ 10 171 4.9 50.5 45.5 90 .478 24.14 21.76 Comber tenders, female: M assachusetts________ - ____ New York_________________ Pennsylvania______________ Rhode Island_______________ 4 2 9 2 69 10 59 25 3.5 3.6 5.3 5.6 48.0 48.0 53.3 48.0 30.1 29.6 48.2 45.0 63 62 90 94 .377 .342 .386 .371 18.10 16.42 20.57 17.81 11.32 10.13 18.60 16.70 163 1 4.5 49.9 38.9 78 .378 18.86 14.71 Total____________________ 17 Drawing-frame tenders, male: Massachusetts______________ Pennsylvania______________ Rhode Island_______________ Other States_______________ 2 2 3 - 2 221 18 8 24 4.4 5.9 5.4 4.5 48.0 54.0 48.5 52.0 38.7 54.0 46.0 41.1 81 100 95 79 .388 .299 .467 .357 18.62 16.13 22.65 18.56 15.03 16.13 21.51 14.65 Total..................................... 9 271 4.6 48.8 40.2 82 .380 18.54 15.26 Drawing-frame tenders, female: Massachusetts_____________ New York............................... Pennsylvania______________ Rhode Island______________ Other States_______________ 5 2 12 5 2 770 90 409 358 126 4.2 5.0 5.3 5.2 4.0 48.0 48.0 53.3 48.2 54.0 33.7 42.6 48.7 44.1 37.1 70 89 91 91 69 .371 .353 .334 .342 .357 17.81 16.94 17.80 16.48 19.28 12.52 15.02 16.23 15.09 13.26 T o ta l___________________ 26 1,753 4.7 i 49.7 40.0 80 I .352 |17.49 14.09 Spinners, mule, male: Connecticut________________ Maine.............. - ___________ M assachusetts______________ New Hampshire____________ New Y o r k .________________ Pennsylvania______________ Rhode Island........................... Vermont ___________ ____ 8 14 11 5 5 15 3 8 149 205 375 78 119 154 80 89 5.3 4.7 5.4 5.3 5.3 5.0 5.8 4.9 49.3 50.0 48.0 49.5 50.4 53.4 48.0 51.0 44.3 38.3 44.7 45.2 47.0 47.0 46. 5 43.4 90 77 93 91 93 88 97 85 .641 .666 .763 .770 .689 .592 .755 . 619 i 31.60 33.30 36.62 38.12 34.73 31.61 33. 24 31.57 28.38 25.53 34.14 34.77 32.42 27.83 35.09 26.84 69 | 1,249 5.2 49.7 44.2 89 | .695 |34.54 30.68 Total..................................... 23 GEN ERAL TABLES T a b l e A . — Average number of days on which employees worked, average full-time and actual hours and earnings per pay period, earnings per houry and per cent of full time worked, 1926, by occupation, sex, and State—-Continued One-week pay period—Continued Occupation, sex, and State Aver age Num Num dayson ber which ber of em of estab em lish ployees ployees worked ments in pay period Aver age full time hours per pay period Aver age hours actually worked in pay period Per Aver Aver age cent age full of full Aver age time earn time actual hours ings earn earn ings ings worked per in per in hour pay pay pay period period penod Spinners frame, female: M assachusetts______________ Pennsylvania___________ Rhode Island ........ ................ Other States_______________ 5 10 5 3 581 294 222 131 4.0 5.0 5.1 4.0 48.0 52.9 48.3 53.4 32.1 46.0 44.6 38.0 67 $0,384 $18.43 87 .317 16.77 92 ♦365 17.63 71 .396 21.15 $12.33 14.55 16.31 15.05 Total..................................... 23 1,228 4.4 49.8 38.3 77 .362 18.03 13.87 Doffers, male: Massachusetts______________ Rhode Tslftnd ......... . .. . 3 2 33 14 3.8 4.9 48.0 48.7 32.2 42.3 67 87 .290 .286 13.92 13.93 9.34 12.09 Total____________________ 5 47 4.1 48.2 35.2 73 .288 13.88 10.16 Doffers, female: M assachusetts______________ Ppnnsyl vania................ ......... Rhode Island.*._____________ Other States........................... 4 10 5 3 292 213 126 70 3.5 5.1 5.2 4.2 48.0 52.3 48.3 53.3 30.0 46.8 45.2 39.1 63 89 94 73 .295 .273 .269 .278 14.16 14.28 12.99 14.82 8.86 12.77 12.16 10.86 Total..................................... 22 701 4.4 49.9 38.7 78 .280 13.97 ! 10.84 Twister tenders, female: Connecticut_.______________ Maine—________ __________ Massachusetts______________ New Hampshire-___________ New York_________________ Pennsylvania.......................... Rhode Island....... .................. 7 7 12 3 4 21 11 35 55 445 14 77 346 145 5.8 5.2 4.3 4.5 5.1 5.3 5.4 50.7 51.6 48.0 52.7 48.0 52.4 48.3 49.0 48.5 34.5 40.7 42.2 48.9 45.0 97 94 72 77 88 • 93 93 .328 .385 .351 .396 .428 .358 .377 16.63 19.87 16.85 20.87 20.54 18.76 18.21 Total..................................... 65 1,117 4.9 49.7 42.1 85 .364 18.09 ! 15.32 Spooler tenders, female: Connecticut____________ ___ Maine............... ................... Massachusetts__________ ___ New Hampshire____________ New York......................... ...... Pennsylvania.......................... Rhode Island.............. .......... Vermont......... ........... ............ 9 15 14 5 5 27 12 8 90 127 519 41 77 225 174 30 5.5 4.4 4.2 5.6 5.0 5.0 5.4 4.6 49.9 50.1 48.0 48.1 49.0 51.2 48.1 51.1 45.4 36.0 33.5 45.0 37.5 45.7 44.5 40.6 91 72 70 94 77 89 93 79 .349 .438 .388 .550 .403 .367 .378 .425 17.42 21.94 18.62 26.46 19.75 18.79 18.18 21.72 Total................................. 16.09 18.70 12.09 16.11 18.08 17.50 17.00 15.84 15.76 13.02 24.78 15.11 16.78 16.79 17.26 95 . 1,283 4.7 49.1 39.0 79 .391 19.20 1 15.26 Dresser tenders, male: Connecticut________________ Maine_________ _________ Massachusetts______________ New Hampshire____________ New York_________________ Pennsylvania__________ __ Rhode Island_______________ Vermont______________ 10 14 14 5 5 27 12 8 60 57 122 29 43 123 91 20 5.8 5.1 5.4 5.5 5.9 5.0 5.7 5.2 48.8 49.4 48.0 48.8 49.2 50.4 48.4 52.1 48.1 43.2 44.3 48.5 49.1 45.9 49.6 47.3 99 87 92 99 100 91 102 91 .641 .680 .719 .683 .582 .821 .674 .645 31.28 33.59 34.51 33.33 28.63 41.38 32.62 33.60 30.84 29.33 31.86 33.16 28.61 37.65 33.46 30.46 Total____________________ 95 545 5.4 49.1 46.6 95 .705 34.62 32.82 Drawers-in, male: Maine_____________________ Pennsylvania______________ Other States_______________ 2 18 2 2 51 6 6.0 5.2 5.8 51.0 50.5 48.0 50.5 47.4 46.6 99 94 97 .546 .694 .467 27.85 35.05 22.42 27.56 32.87 21.73 22 59 5.3 50.2 47.4 94 .666 33.43 31.56 Total___________________ 24 T WOOLEN AND WOBSTED GOODS MANUFACTURING A . —Average number of days on which employees worked, average full-time and actual hours and earnings per pay period, earnings per hour, and per cent of full time worked, 1926, by occupation, sex, and State— Continued able One-week pay period—Continued Occupation, sex, and State Aver age Num Num days on ber which ber of em of estab em ployees lish ments ployees worked in pay period Aver age full time hours per pay period Aver age hours actually worked in pay period Aver Per cent Aver age Aver age full of full age time earn time actual earn earn hours ings ings worked ings per in per in hour pay pay period pay period period Drawers-in, female: Cnnnftcticut _ Maine_____________________ Massachusetts______________ New Hampshire____________ New York_________________ Pennsylvania_______________ Hhode Island _ ____________ Vermont___________________ 10 15 14 5 5 14 14 7 52 55 179 41 33 52 96 25 5.1 5.0 5.0 5.4 5.2 5.4 5.4 4.0 48.8 49.7 48.0 51.4 49.2 50.2 48.0 50.3 38.5 40.2 39.1 45.7 40.5 49.0 46.6 35.1 79 $0,497 $24.25 81 .447 22.22 81 .507 24.34 .383 19.69 89 82 „ .447 21.99 98 .530 26.61 97 .555 26.64 70 .460 23.14 $19.13 17.99 19.84 17.54 18.12 25.97 25.90 16.11 Total____________________ 84 533 5.1 48.9 41.9 86 .497 24.30 20.81 Loom fixers, male: C!nrmp.r*tif‘.iit. _ . M aine____________________ Massachusetts______________ New Hampshire____________ New York________ _________ Pennsylvania ....... ... Rhode Island _____ __ _ Vermont____ ______________ 10 15 14 5 5 28 14 8 48 65 265 38 42 115 149 26 5.7 5.3 4.9 5.6 6.0 5.3 5.4 5.1 48.9 50.2 48.0 51.0 49.7 50.2 48.3 50.8 • 47.4 46.8 41.0 48.2 51.8 *8.8 45.9 43.6 97 93 85 95 104 97 95 86 .762 .783 .839 .723 .750 .866 .789 .716 37.26 39.31 40.27 36.87 37.28 43.47 38.11 36.37 36.11 36.67 34.37 34.89 38.80 42.22 36.19 31.18 T ota l___________________ 99 748 5.3 49.0 45.1 92 .807 39.54 36.41 Cloth inspectors, male: Connecticut_______________ Massachusetts______________ New Hampshire____________ Rhode Island_______________ Other States_______________ 6 5 2 8 2 9 186 7 28 5 6.0 3.7 6.0 5.3 5.2 48.7 48.0 53.1 48.0 54.0 50.7 29.3 58.7 47.6 45.8 104 61 111 99 85 .656 .556 .555 .556 .582 31.95 26.69 29.47 26.69 31.43 33.24 16.30 32.59 26.45 26.62 Total.................................... 23 235 4.1 48.3 33.5 69 .563 27.19 18.86 Cloth inspectors, female: Massachusetts......................... New York.......... .............. Pennsylvania.......................... Rhode Island______________ Other States............................ 2 2 9 7 1 27 8 35 32 1 4.9 4.4 4.7 5.4 6.0 48.0 53.0 51.6 48.0 48.0 41.0 40.8 43. 2 45.6 47.0 85 77 84 95 98 .409 .396 .433 .428 .264 19.63 20.99 22.34 20.54 12.67 16.74 16.16 18.72 19.51 12.43 Total..................................... 21 103 5.0 49.6 43.2 87 .421 20.88 18.19 Burlers, female: Connecticut_______ ____ . Maine.................. ................... Massachusetts......................... New Hampshire...................... New York............................... Pennsylvania.......................... Rhode Island...................... __ Vermont.... ........... .......... 10 8 14 5 5 26 14 8 85 65 619 226 129 274 283 41 5.7 5.1 4.7 5.7 3.9 4.7 5.4 5.1 49.0 49.4 48.0 53.3 48.5 50.2 48.0 51.2 45.1 42.5 36.9 50.6 25.5 41.5 45.4 46.9 92 86 77 95 53 83 95 92 .423 .294 .376 .391 .531 .346 .385 .342 20.73 14.52 18.05 20.84 25.75 17.37 18.48 17.51 19.08 12.49 13.86 19.81 13.51 14.34 17.46 16.02 Total.................................... 90 1,722 4.9 49.3 40.8 83 .381 18.78 15.54 Menders, female: Connecticut_______ ________ Maine_____________________ Massachusetts______________ New Hampshire...................... New Y ork.............................. Pennsylvania______________ Rhode Island.......................... Vermont_____________ _ 10 15 14 5 5 23 14 5 116 220 769 34 119 270 558 35 5.6 5.0 4.0 5.3 4.7 4.5 5.3 5.1 49.1 50.2 48.0 48.4 48.6 50.3 48.0 48.6 45.7 42.6 31.7 42.4 38.6 39.8 44.8 39.8 93 85 66 88 79 79 93 82 .472 .461 .514 .527 .633 .531 .496 .398 23.18 23.14 24.67 25.51 30.76 26.71 23.81 19.34 21.57 19.61 16.27 22.33 24.40 21.13 22.23 15.81 Total.................................... 91 2,121 4.7 48.6 38.7 80 .507 24.64 19.64 25 GENERAL TABLES T a b l e A . —Average number of days on which employees worked, average full-time and actual hours and earnings per pay period, earnings per hour, and per cent of full time worked, 1926, by occupation, sex, and State—Continued One-week pay period—Continued Occupation, sex, and State Aver age Num Num days on ber ber which of em of estab em ployees lish ments ployees worked in pay period Aver age full time hours per pay period Aver Aver Per age Aver cent age full of full Aver age age time actual time earn hours earn actually hours ings earn ings ings worked worked per in per in in pay hour pay period pay period pay period period Perchers, male: Connecticut________________ Maine_____________________ Massachusetts______________ New Hampshire.......... ........... New York_________________ PAnnsyl vania _ Bholde Island______________ Vermont___________________ 10 14 14 5 5 22 13 8 29 45 151 42 46 53 70 26 5.6 4.7 4.8 5.8 5.9 5.4 5.4 5.3 48.8 50.0 48.0 51.3 48.6 51.2 48.2 49.3 47.4 41.7 39.5 50.6 52.7 50.0 47.4 43.1 97 $0,575 $28.06 83 .591 29.55 82 .581 27.89 99 .501 25.70 108 .532 25.86 .605 30.98 98 .524 25.26 98 .521 25.69 87 $27.28 24.66 22.96 25.36 28.05 30.24 24.83 22.45 Total__________ ____ _____ 91 462 5.2 49.1 45.1 92 .559 27.45 25. 21 Perchers, female: Maine_____________________ Massachusetts______________ Rhode Island_______________ Other States................. ........... 6 3 6 1 27 29 40 1 5.3 5.7 4.8 5.0 50.0 48.0 48.2 48.0 43.8 44.9 45.2 40.5 88 94 94 84 .403 .525 .502 .562 20.15 25.20 24.20 26.98 17.63 23.57 22.68 22.78 Total.................................... 16 97 5.2 48.6 44.7 92 .482 23.43 21.54 Fullers, male: Connecticut________________ Maine__ _____ _____________ Massachusetts......................... New Hampshire..................... New York_________________ Pennsylvania______________ Rhode Island..... ..................... Vermont___________________ 10 15 14 5 5 13 5 8 23 32 73 13 17 20 23 22 5.6 5.4 5.2 5.4 5.5 5.2 6.0 4.9 49.7 49.6 48.6 49.4 50.7 50.8 49.1 50.0 50.7 53.9 48.6 47.5 49.9 49.2 53.2 43.0 102 109 100 96 98 97 108 86 .480 .435 .487 .457 .461 .496 .406 .465 23.86 21.58 23.66 22.58 23.37 25.20 19.93 23.25 24.37 23.47 23.66 21.71 23.03 24.38 21.56 20.02 75 223 5.4 49.4 49.6 100 .464 22.92 23.03 10 15 14 5 5 16 12 8 31 27 121 14 32 28 89 11 5.5 5.3 5.0 5.9 5.6 5.2 5.6 5.1 49.5 49.6 49.6 49.7 49.9 51.4 49.1 52.2 50.6 54.9 43.9 49.9 61.5 50.1 52.9 48.6 102 111 89 100 123 97 108 93 .455 .427 .443 .432 .440 .487 .428 .457 22.52 21.18 21.97 21.47 21.96 25.03 21.01 23.86 23.00 23.42 19.45 21.53 27.07 24.38 22.64 22.21 85 1 353 5.3 49.7 50.1 101 .442 21.97 22.12 Total................................. Washer tenders, cloth, male: Connecticut________________ Maine_________________ ;___ Massachusetts......................... New Hampshire..................... New York_________________ Pennsylvania.......... ............... Rhode Island_________ _____ Vermont___________________ Total____________________ Dryer tenders, cloth, male: Connecticut_______________ Maine_____________________ Massachusetts_____________ New Hampshire________ ___ New York.............................. Pennsylvania______ ________ Rhode Island....................... Vermont_____________ _____ 10 15 14 5 5 15 12 8 18 27 92 15 15 25 20 10 5.8 5.1 5.2 5.8 5.6 5.2 5.6 5.1 48.9 50.7 49.8 48.8 49.6 51.0 49.3 51.8 52.5 50.1 50.7 49.6 55.9 51.4 54.2 47.7 107 99 102 102 113 101 110 92 .434 .440 .446 .440 .425 .479 .421 .455 21.22 22.31 22.21 21.47 21.08 24.43 20.76 23.57 22.77 22.04 22.60 21.80 23.73 24. 61 22.82 21.72 T ota l.................... .............. .444 . 22.16 22.77 84 222 5.3 49.9 51.3 103 Truckers, male: Connecticut________________ Maine_____________________ Massachusetts....................... New Hampshire____________ New York................................ Pennsylvania______________ Rhode Island............. ............ Vermont____ ______________ 10 15 15. 5 5 22 13 8 53 105 672 73 73 49 178 33 5.3 5.1 4.7 4.8 5.1 5.3 5.5 5.2 49.3 51.3 48.0 51.2 50.2 51.9 48.2 51.6 44.4 46.2 39.6 42.1 43.6 50.6 46.9 47.1 90 90 83 82 87 97 97 91 .443 .432 .413 .392 .414 .436 .362 .417 21.84 22.16 19.82 20.07 20.78 22.63 17.45 21.52 19.64 19.94 16.33 16.47 18.05 22.07 16.96 19.62 Total..................................... 93 1,236 5.0 48.9 42.4 87 .408 19.95 17.29 26 WOOLEN AND WOESTED GOODS MANUFACTURING Average number of days on which employees worked, average full-time and actual hours and earnings per pay period, earnings per hour, and per cent of full time worked, 1926, by occupation, sex, and State— Continued T a b le A .— One-week pay period—Continued Occupation, sex, and State Laborers, dye house, male: Connecticut ___ .,. ____ Maine , , , _____ Massachusetts..... ................. New TTampshirfi New York_______________ _ Pennsylvania______________ Rhode Tsland______________ Vermont__________________ Total_____ ____ __________ Aver age Num Num days on ber which ber of em of estab em ployees lish ments ployees worked in pay period 9 15 15 5 5 15 10 8 10 15 15 5 5 40 14 8 Total.................................... Total _______________ ! ! j ,| 82 | 1,008 Other employees, male: Connecticut_______ ________ Maine.—................................ Massachusetts........... ......... . New Hampshire.................. . New York_________________ Pennsylvania______________ Rhode Island______________ Vermont___________________ Other employees, female: Connecticut_______________ Maine_____________________ Massachusetts______________ New Hampshire___________ New Y o r k ________________ Pennsylvania______________ Rhode Island______________ Vermont__________________ 87 121 423 57 64 73 138 45 5.3 4.1 5.1 5.6 5.5 5.2 5.6 4.8 Aver age full time hours per pay period 49.7 50.0 48.4 50.4 49.6 52.0 49.0 51.4 Per Aver Aver Aver age cent age full age of full Aver age hours time actual time earn earn actually hours ings earn ings ings worked worked per in per in in pay hour pay pay period pay period period period 47.5 38.2 45.4 48.7 55.3 49.2 51.8 45.3 5.1 1 49.4 | 46.7 !1 96 $0.443 $22.02 76 .426 21.30 94 .446 21.59 97 .429 21.62 111 .429 21.28 95 .535 27.82 106 .434 21.27 88 .404 20.77 $21.00 16.26 20.25 20.90 23.68 26.34 22.47 18.31 95 .445 21.98 | 20.75 343 675 3,417 410 510 1,104 1,149 189 5.6 4.7 5.0 5.3 5.2 5.3 5.6 4.8 50.4 50.748.3 50.7 50.1 52.2 48.2 50.5 49.2 43.4 43.4 47.2 47.3 49.4 47.9 42.8 98 86 90 93 94 95 99 85 .455 .473 .479 .452 .487 .515 .476 .456 22.93 23.98 23.14 22.92 24.40 26.88 22.94 23.03 22.39 20.48 20.77 21.35 23.02 25.41 22.82 19.54 112 7,826 I! 5.2 49.4 45.6 I 92 .480 1 23. 71 21.89 9 14 14 5 5 37 14 7 1 S 105 | 1 142 !; 1,411 ! 175 253 876 771 17 5.5 5.0 4.1 3.7 5.3 5.1 5.2 5.3 48.2 49.3 47.9 53.0 48.6 52.4 48.2 51.9 43.5 41.2 32.9 33.4 42.8 45.7 43.3 49.0 90 84 69 63 88 87 90 94 .288 .316 .357 .339 .371 .330 .359 .314 13.88 15.58 17.10 17.97 18.03 17.29 17.30 16.30 12.53 13.03 11. 71 11.32 15.88 15. 07 15.55 15.38 4.7 49.4 39.4 80 .346 17.09 13.64 $54.81 46.94 52.98 55.37 56.73 51.46 58.65 50.23 105 | 3,750 Two-week pay period Weavers, male: Connecticut_______________ Maine.____ ________________ Massachusetts _ ___________ New IIamoshire____________ New York_________________ Pennsylvania______________ Rhode Island______________ Vermont___________________ 10 15 14 5 5 26 14 8 633 631 1,828 276 307 634 938 281 10.5 9.2 9.7 10.4 10.5 9.6 10.2 8.9 98.0 99.6 96.0 99.2 98.6 101.0 96.4 100.0 86.3 76.9 78.1 88.3 85.4 86.6 86.8 73.9 88 $0,635 $62. 24 77 .611 60.86 81 .678 65.08 89 .627 62.20 87 .665 65.56 .594 60.00 86 90 .676 65.16 74 .680 68.00 Total____________________ 97 5,528 9.8 97.8 82.0 84 .652 63.76 53.47 Weavers, female: Connecticut________ ____ __ Maine_____________________ Massachusetts......................... New Hampshire____________ New York_________________ Pennsylvania_____ _________ Rhode Island.......................... Vermont_____ _____________ 9 14 14 5 5 26 8 8 194 306 952 160 198 475 335 128 10.5 9.6 9.5 10.3 10.0 9.2 9.8 9.8 98.4 100.4 96.0 101.6 101.0 100.4 96.0 103.8 84.1 78.9 75.2 87.9 84.5 82.5 81.1 85.7 85 79 78 87 84 82 84 83 .607 .608 .647 .575 .633 .509 .615 .535 59.72 61.04 62.12 58.42 63.94 51.10 59.04 55.54 51.05 47.98 48.65 50.56 53.49 42.02 49.86 45.90 Total____________________ 89 2,748 9.7 98.4 80.1 81 .600 59.04 48.08 T a b le Occupation, sex, and State B.— Average and classified earnings per hour in 13 specified occupations, 1926, by sex and State Number of employees whose earnings per hour were— Num Num Aver age ber of ber of earn 40, estab em 50, 30, 80, 90 70, 60, 45, 14, ings under $1.10, $1.25 lish under under under under under under under under under under under under cents, $1, per under and ments ployees hour 50 18 20 25 35 45 60 W 90 under under 70 40 30 80 $1.10 $1.25 over cents cents cents cents cents cents cents cents cents cents cents cents cents $1 9 71 189 29 108 40 2 Total.................................... 30 445 Wool sorters, female: Massachusetts........................ 2 37 .698 Card tenders, male: Connecticut................ .......... Maine........... .......................... Massachusetts........................ New Hampshire..................... New York............................... Pennsylvania.......................... Rhode Island.......................... Vermont.................................. 8 13 10 3 4 19 5 8 50 66 172 37 35 75 43 53 .427 .408 .410 .410 .414 .463 .395 .421 $0,693 .715 .713 .853 .697 .736 .669 1 1 .713 __ •_- .........1......... 1 3 1 7 1 1 3 2 10 6 25 65 13 16 4 27 8 2 3 1 6 61 172 7 50 36 7 1 1 11 2 18 51 332 5 6 26 10 1 10 1 14 3 1 25 37 98 24 16 26 4 11 3 23 9 17 7 17 Total............. ...................... 70 531 .419 2 26 164 241 70 Card tenders, female: Maine...................................... Massachusetts........................ New Hampshire......... ........... Pennsylvania.......................... Other States............................ 8 5 2 2 2 29 113 13 4 7 .370 .375 .318 .293 .327 2 4 2 13 12 8 2 7 12 50 1 4 48 1 Total.................................... 19 --------- 166 .365 8 42 63 52 1 1 7 7 2 30 2 2 5 3 7 1 2 1 7 5 13 2 2 5 3 18 2 2 5 3 TABLES 3 3 6 2 11 3 2 GENERAL Wool sorters, male: Connecticut......................... . Maine............................... ..... Massachusetts........................ New Hampshire..................... Pennsylvania.......................... Rhode Island.......................... Other States............................ to <1 T able B . — Average Total Total.................................... Total. . . ______ Spinners, frame, female: Atassachusetts Pennsylvania Rhode Island Other States Total 9 271 .380 5 2 12 2 770 90 409 358 126 .371 .353 . . . .334 .342 .357 26 1,753 5 .352 2 154 1 1 15 53 3 2 2 4 1 2 1 4 7 8 1 1 4 4 1 2 7 1 2 13 17 171 59 1 3 8 1 72 26 10 36 24 200 219 44 711 65 122 18 44 8 4 10 33 25 2 51 3 3 117 523 960 76 60 3 2 2 1 2 9 2 10 5 2 I 7 28 47 48 44 7. 23 43 4 20 ri . i i 11 i 14 i s 14 11 5 5 15 3 8 149 205 375 78 119 154 80 89 .641 .666 .763 .770 .689 .592 .755 .619 69 1,249 .695 5 10 5 3 581 294 222 131 .384 .317 .365 .396 2 23 1,228 .362 2 i i i 1 1_____ 1 1 6 i 2 i 14 3 37 14 | 40 12 2 4 28 56 236 1 2 43 88 155 11 338 80 3 51 72 16 14 67 99 6 48 78 297 472 | 169 153 25 51 .......... 1........... 42 62 82 24 34 47 13 48 32 46 101 18 25 20 41 9 10 23 66 16 16 2 21 3 2 5 41 6 13 2 352 292 157 71 2 3 25 5 9 2 35 11 2 2 3 1 1-------- 1 2 1 1 3 MANUFACTURING Spinners, mule, male: Gonnecti cut ____ __ Maine Massachusetts__ __________ New Hampshire New York Pennsylvania Rhode Island Vermont $0,388 .299 .467 .357 GOODS Drawing-frame tenders, female: Massachusetts New York Pennsylvania Rhode Island Other States 221 18 8 24 WORSTED Other States 2 2 3 2 AND Drawing-frame tenders, male: Num ber of employees whose earnings per hour were— Num Num Aver age ber of ber of earn 90 60, 50, 80, 45, 30, 40, 20, 25, estab14, 18, $1.10, $1.25 16ings under em $1, under under under under under under under under under under under under cents, under lsh under and per 60 70 80 90 under $1.10 $1.25 over 50 35 45 30 40 20 25 18 ments ployees hour 16 cents cents cents cents cents cents cents cents cents cents cents cents cents $1 WOOLEN Occupation, sex, and State and classified earnings per hour in 18 specified occupations, 1926, by sex and State— Continued Doffers, male: Massachusetts_____________ Rhode Island______________ Total________________ Doffers, female: Massachusetts_____________ Pennsylvania______________ Rhode Island____ __________ Other States____________ Total________________ Total_________________ Total............................... . Weavers, male: Connecticut...................... M a in e ................................ Massachusetts........................ New Hampshire................... New York.................... Pennsylvania.......................... Rhode Island....................... Vermont............................... Total.................................... .290 .286 5 47 .288 1_____i_____ i_____ 4 10 5 3 292 213 126 70 .295 .273 .269 .278 6 22 701 .280 6 9 15 14 5 5 27 12 8 90 127 519 41 77 225 174 30 i .349 _____1_____ .438 .388 4 .550 .403 1 .367 1_____ .378 _____ i .425 i 95 1,283 2 12 ------- 2 12 .391 *------- 1------- ! 48 65 265 38 42 115 149 26 .762 .783 ! .839 .723 . 750 .866 .789 .716 .........j......... .. 99 | 748 .807 633 631 1,828 276 307 634 938 281 i 29 • 17 Ii i 1 ! .635 . 611 . 678 .627 .665 _____i .594 ' I I .676 . C80 ___ 114 361 177 12 !i 14 3 13 9 2 26 1 3 20 45 3 40 21 216 4 17 69 4 11 15 23 7 4 20 46 7 20 12 32 4 13 18 33 12 8 14 3 5 1 10 23 10 2 109 403 150 145 106 55 15 5 12 6 19 15 11 7, 4 2 21 26 55 10 16 14 101 16 13 23 109 13 14 41 37 3 13 76 259 175 165 175 173 399 71 98 181 312 69 97 | 5,528 | .652 ! 1,228 !1 1,478 25 55 42 4 260 ! i i i....................... _____!......... S ! i 1 1 5 2 2 4 16 2 1 9 1 7 16 17 2 2 10 2 2 12 35 58 l 3 I i s i 1 26 36 64 19 6 34 27 10 38 50 73 21 31 70 27 19 123 1 ! 222 329 8 22 39 11 2 32 8 1 ! 3 4 1 1 ! 21 6 37 83 3 8 100 19 4 i ! 3 1 uOu 54 57 186 191 41 7 2 ' ! | j 1 _____i______ i 1 i 13 ! 1 . . . . . . j ......... . ! 11 [ 30 1 1 1 6 2 1 .... . 1 . 1 80 74 5 18 i j 1 194 84 31 52 15 * j| 1 35 78 i 10 15 14 5 5 28 14 8 10 15 14 5 5 26 14 8 ; 12 5 I 21 8 i ■ ! : i i ; i • i i i 2 - 4 4 3 1 1 ___ ! | * ! ! i _ . i 1 : , • j------| ^--------- ^-------;---------j--------- (-------- i_ i | |---------1j-------- i | 1 ! 1 1 ----- 9 L1 64 1 TABLES Loom fixers, male: Connecticut......................... Maine.............. ....................... Massachusetts........................ New Hampshire.................. New York........................ Pennsylvania.......................... Rhode Island....................... Vermont.................................. 1 33 14 i.......... 14 1 i 46 7 0 i 253 122 23 i 139 96 427 64 75 75 222 59 45 43 274 28 28 24 95 55 10 18 120 oit 5 5 39 21 3 24 1 o' 2 10 1 2 1 1,157 592 220 ] 16 4 i\ 51 | GENERAL Spooler tenders, female: Connecticut________________ Maine____ _____________ Massachusetts_____________ New Hampshire___________ New York____________ Pennsylvania______________ Rhode Island______________ Vermont________________ • 3 2 T a b le $0. eo7 . 608 .647 . 575 . 633 . 509 . 615 .535 1 2, 748 | .600 1 . 423 . 294 .376 . 391 . 531 . 346 .385 .342 _ _ _ __ _ _ 90 1,722 .381 .Menders, female: Connecticut Maine__ ________________ Massachusetts - _ New Hampshire__ - ___ New York ________ ____ Pennsylvania Rhode Island _ __ __ Vermont 10 15 14 5 5 23 14 5 116 220 769 34 119 270 558 35 .472 .461 .514 . 527 . 683 .531 .496 .398 Total____________________ 91 2,121 .507 i1 11 1 14 15 13 7 22 4 5 i 20 | 3 9 34 5 2 49 3 7 72 116 12 19 44 8 8 i 73; 16 21 201 16 58 29 83 46 211 28 34 51 27 68 138 18 110 23 | i 20 255 705 1 63 58 190 25 57 84 107 20 33 50 234 604 457 32 26 27 46 9 22 13 112 51 31 21 42 1 48 28 8 21 33 1 45 19 11 2 25 2 5 4 16 22 23 8 12 2 74 38 28 96 70 10 42 181 545 330 280 152 124 28 30 3 4 4 4 14 40 59 3 4 38 20 118 16 7 40 70 3 30 9 202 2 7 100 176 11 18 99 9 7 74 179 2 6 29 85 5 64 57 82 4 2 8 49 5 21 18 22 1 207 387 312 526 335 126 2 3 12 7 42 35 44 1 1 2 22 5 2 5 2 1 7 14 1 7 30 37 1 2 8 33 12 2 4 34 130 S D 3 11 17 1 10 | 204 ; 1 11 48 1 11 7 3 2 73 15 4 i_____ 4 4 1 1 1 ______ i.......... 8 | 5 1 11 18 282 39 8 89 79 19 1 7 25 104 11 21 20 I 1 I....... 3 26 . . . -----j! 1 3 . i I ! 1 1 16 5 5 1 i 1 13 6 3 1 3 I 1 2 1 21 1 6 32 ! MANUFACTURING 85 65 619 226 129 274 283 41 12 3 4 1 GOODS i 10 8 14 5 5 26 14 8 3 3 1 4 1 WOKSTED T o t a l.............................. 194 306 952 160 198 475 335 128 Ii AND 9 14 14 5 1 5 26 8 8 WOOLEN Weavers, female: Connp.nt.imt , . .. _ ........ Maine..................... .............. Massachusetts......... .............. New Hampshire__ ___ _ New York__ ___ ______ _ Pennsylvania Rhode Island.. _ _ Vermont____ ___ _ . Burlers, female: Connecticut.. Maine Massachusetts New Hampshire New York Pennsylvania Rhode Island Vermont O Number of emploj'ees whose earnings per hour were— N um -1 Num Aver age 1 ber of ! of earn 45, 50, 90 35, 40, 60, 80, 70, 14, 18, estab ber 20, 1 25, j 30, 16, $1.10, ! $1.25 em ings under $1, lish ployees under under under under , under under under under under under under under 1cents, under under and per 60 1 under 45 50 70 80 90 | 20 25 40 ments 16 18 30 ; 35 $1.10 $1.25 over hour cents cents cents cents cents 1 cents cents cents cents cents cents cents cents $1 i Occupation, sex, and State Total____ CO B .— Average and classified earnings per hour in 13 specified occupations, 1926, by sex and State— Continued Truckers, male: Connecticut................. . M ain e......................... Massachusetts......... ... New Hampshire........... New York..................... Pennsylvania.............. Rhode Island...... ........ Vermont...................... 10 15 15 5 5 22 13 8 Total......................... Total____ _________ J11 cents per hour. 1,236 ! .408 87 428 57 64 73 138 45 .443 .426 .446 .429 .429 .535 .434 .404 1,008 . 445 121 82 8 19 248 16 11 16 | 28 17 i 45 114 355 79 13 49 245 35 43 7 50 14 82 456 121 49 84 248 31 50 16 90 26 35 16 142 594 243 119 20 5 13 10 2 51 32 TABLES .443 .432 .413 .392 .414 .436 .362 .417 GENERAL Laborers, dye house, male: Connecticut..... ........... Maine.......................... Massachusetts............. New Hampshire......... New Y ork ................... Pennsylvania.............. Rhode Island________ Vermont....................... 53 105 672 73 73 49 178 33 CO 32 WOOLEN AND WOKSTED GOODS MANTJFACTUKING T a b le C .— Average and classified f ull-time hours per week in 18 specified occupa tions, 1926, by sex and State Occupation, sex, and State Aver age Num Num ber of ! full ber of estab em- 1 time lish ploy- hours per ees ments week Number of employees whose full-time hours per week were— Un der 48 Over 57, Over 48, 54, un 54 un un der der der 54 57 60 48 Wool sorters, male: Connecticut,.. Maine________________ ______ M assachusetts.______________ New Hamsphire______________ Pennsylvania________________ Rhode Island________________ Other States_________________ 3 3 6 2 11 3 2 9 71 186 29 108 40 2 52.0 54.0 48.0 53.8 53.5 48.2 53.0 186 1 6 37 Total______________________ 30 445 50.8 233 6 71 3 10 3 1 22 175 23 1.... 1 ! 2 37 Card tenders, male: Connecticut______ _ _ _ _ Maine___________________ _ Massachusetts______________ _ New Hampshire..... ........... ........ New York___________________ Pennsylvania________________ Rhode Island.............................. Vermont___________________ 8 13 10 3 4 19 5 8 50 66 172 37 35 75 43 53 i 49.2 ! 49.8 48.0 1 49.6 I 50.9 52.6 49.3 51.6 33 44 172 32 12 4 34 20 i 9 1 14 ....... f 22 47 2 5 ! 12 ; 7 11 Total........................................ 70 531 49.8 | 351 64 1 83 Card tenders, female: Maine_______________________ . Massachusetts______ _ ____ NewHainpshie..... .............. . _ Pennsylvania_______ _________ Other States..._________ _____ 48.0 28 70 1 14 1 Wool sorters, female: Massachusetts_______________ 37 10 6 2 2 49.9 48.0 49.4 54.0 51.4 20 113 10 Total...................................... 19 166 48.7 1 147 Drawing-frame tenders, male: M assacliusetts_______________ Pennsylvania________________ Rhode Island..______________ Other States............................... 2 2 3 2 221 18 8 24 48.0 54.0 48.5 52.0 221 6 8 2 Total______________________ 1 9 271 48.8 235 Drawing-frame tenders, female: Massachusetts.............. ............ ! New York................ ...... ........... i Pennsylvania............ ................ ! Rhode Island..................... ...... ! Other States.......... .................... ! 5 2 12 5 2 770 90 ' 40L> ' 358 126 48.0 48.0 53.3 48.2 54.0 2 I 26 1,753 Spinners, mule, male: Connecticut............................. Maine........................................ M assachusetts............. .............. New Hampshire..................... . New York______ _____ _______ 1 Pennsylvania............................. I Rhode Island......... .................. i Vermont...................... .............. I 8 14 11 5 5 15 3 8 149 205 375 78 119 154 80 89 Total....................... ............ Total....................................... i Spinners, frame, female: Massachusetts........................... ! Pennsylvania.................. ........... ! Rhode Island—______ ________ i Other States.............................. i Total............... ....................... j 7 8 1 1 I 8 5 4 3 12 21 ! 1 9 __ 1.. J ....... 3 4 3 29 113 13 4 7 8 5 60 Over 60 4 16 i 3 18 16 __ ! .... 2 34 1 770 90 13 317 51 41 345 49.7 •l, 190 49.3 50.0 48.0 49.5 • 50.4 53.4 i 48.0 ! 51.0 104 132 375 66 63 i 80 44 122 ! 4 1 92 467 4 1 1 24 15 18 33 25 13 35 4 42 97 17 3 8 1 17 4 19 69 j 1,249 ! 49.7 864 104 198 61 5 io 5 3 48.0 52.9 48.3 53.4 581 6 193 14 74 29 214 49.8 | 794 103 331 581 294 222 131 23 i 1,228 I 5 5 5 17 117 . . . J ....... 33 GENERAL TABLES T a b le C.— Average and classified full-time hours per week in IS specified occupa tions, 1926, by sex and State— Continued Occupation, sex, and State Num Num ber of ber of estab em lish ploy ments ees Number of employees whose full-time hours per week were— Aver age full time Over Over 57, hours Un 48, 54, 48 un 54 un un per der 60 Over 60 week 48 der der der 60 54 57 Doffers, male: Massachusetts_______________ Rhode Island________________ 3 2 33 14 48.0 48.7 47 i ! ! ! 33 9 5 48.2 42 5 70 17 Total........................................ 5 Doffers, female: Massachusetts_______________ Pennsylvania ....................... Rhode Island________________ Other States_________________ 4 10 5 3 292 213 126 70 48.0 52.3 48.3 53.3 1 292 7 109 8 Total........................................ 22 701 | 49.9 416 Spool tenders, female: Connect-tant , . ., Maine__________________ ____ Massachusetts............................ New Hampshire New York __ _______ PAnnsylvania .................. ........ Rhode Island. ______________ Vermont____________________ 9 15 14 5 5 27 12 8 90 ! 127 519 41 77 225 174 30 49.9 50.1 48.0 48.1 49.0 51.2 48.1 51.1 4 Total........................................ 95 1,283 49.1 Loom fixers, male: Connecticut ._ _____ Maine . _____________ Massachusetts_______________ New Hampshire _ New York __ ___ Pennsylvania __ ___________ Rhode Island_______________ Vermont____________________ 10 15 14 5 5 28 14 8 48 65 265 38 42 115 149 26 48.9 50.2 48.0 51.0 49.7 50.2 48.3 50.8 35 40 265 21 27 35 144 13 1 1 | ....... !........1........ 1 1 ! ! 136 62 i ! : ! 1 ....... i____ '........ ....... i........!____ l i '! 4 5 29 42 7 63 5 1 11 102 3 7 1 i 5 1____!____ '____ 84 195 5 I...... '.......;....... 9 3 4 18 5 60 15 10 20 5 2 Total______________________ 99 748 49.0 580 Weavers, male: Connecticut Maine _ ____________________ Massachusetts - _ New Hampshire_____________ New York __ Pennsylvania_______________ Rhode Island _ ___ Vermont____________________ 10 15 14 5 5 26 14 8 633 631 1,828 276 307 634 938 281 49.0 49.8 48.0 49.6 49.3 50.5 48.2 50.0 443 414 1,816 227 211 198 910 180 64 117 12 20 ~46~ 50 270 166 Total........................................ 97 5,528 48.9 '4,399 548 Weavers, female: Connecticut.. . _________ Maine ______ _____ Massachusetts . New Hampshire New York ________________ Pennsylvania Rhode Island _________ ____ Vermont____ ______ _ 9 14 14 5 5 26 8 8 194 306 952 160 198 475 335 128 49.2 50.2 48.0 50.8 50.5 50.2 48.0 51.9 Total...................................... . 89 2,748 49.2 1,949 382 369 Burlers, female: Connecticut_________________ Maine . ________ Massachusetts New Hair pshirc ___ New York Pennsylvania _________ Rhode Island __ _ Vermont____________________ 10 8 14 5 5 26 14 8 85 65 619 220 129 274 283 41 49.0 49.4 48.0 53.3 48.5 50.2 48.0 51.2 67 49 619 25 116 79 283 14 6 2 12 14 3 144 201 10 51 13 4 Total-______ _______________ 90 1,722 . ____i____ i........ 87 ' 198 53 80 ! 519 40 ! 59 60 ! 171 i 13 4 | 995 !. 1 82 17 1 i 2 i ! i ____!____ 1 5 5 69 ! 14 126 57 49 I 4 ! 3 : 43 3 26 28 13 22 i 87 446 1 48 1 1 49,3 i 25 128 41 186 14 106 952 85 75 91 ’ "38" 69 127 261 87 335 7 45 28 1.252 168 i 1 } i 45 3 45 o ! i 10 ____!____ 292 ! 10 i 34 W OOLEN T a b le A N D W ORSTED GOODS M A N U F A C T U R IN G C .— Average and classified full-time hours per week in 13 specified occupy tions, 1926, by sex and State— Continued Occupation, sex, and State Menders, female: Ponnp.rt.innt. Maine .......... Massachusetts_______ ________ New Hampshire............. .......... New York..................... ............. Pennsylvania.............................. Rhode Island.._____ _________ Vermont.............. ........... ........... Num Num ber of ber of estab em lish ploy ments ees Number of employees whose full-time hours per week were— Aver age full Over 57, time Over 54, hours Un 48, 48 un 54 un-. un 60 Over per der 60 week ; 48 der der der 54 57 60 49.1 50.2 48.0 48.4 : 48.6 i 50.3 48.0 48.6 1 91 !1 2,121 48.6 1 1,789 io ! 15 !; 15 5 5 22 13 8 53 105 672 73 73 49 178 33 49.3 51.3 48.0 51.2 50.2 51.9 48.2 51.6 29 51 669 38 43 8 168 13 93 ! 1,236 48.9 Laborers, dyehouse, male: Connecticut_________________ Maine___________ _____ ______ Massachusetts. .................. ........ New Hampshire______________ New York........ .......................... Pennsylvania________________ Rhode Island_________ _______ Vermont____________ ________ 9 15 15 5 5 15 10 8 87 121 423 57 64 73 138 45 Total............... ........................ 82 1,008 Total______________________ Truckers, male: Connecticut_________________ i! Maine_______________________j Massachusetts_________ ______ ! New Hampshire_______ ______ !i New Y o rk ...__________ ______ Pennsylvania_______ _________ Rhode Island_________ ______ Vermont____________________ Total....................................... 10 15 14 5 5 23 14 5 116 220 769 34 119 270 558 35 88 129 769 32 104 84 558 25 8 15 19 76 6 124 2 9 62 10 163 1 168 1 ! 1 19 2 2 j 5 1 42 9 1 5 16 8 7 31 25 21 2 4 4 7 2 1 1,019 59 130 20 6 49.7 50.0 48.4 50.4 49.fi 52.0 49.0 51.4 52 77 399 35 42 9 116 15 16 5 12 19 39 8 24 5 15 49.4 745 85 4 12 1 21 14 40 5 17 7 3 138 24 16 1 T a b le D.— Average and classified hours actually worked in pay period in 13 specified occupations, 1926, by sex and State One-week pay period Occupation, sex, and State Aver age Num Num hours ber of ber of actually estab em worked Un 4, 8, lish ploy un in der un ments ees der pay 4 der 8 12 period 3 3 6 2 11 3 2 9 71 186 29 108 40 2 45.4 37.3 27.2 11.0 52.0 47.2 50.4 30 445 36.0 2 37 25.2 Card tenders, male: Connecticut--............................ M aine-......... ..........................__ Massachusetts............................ New Hampshire......... .............. New York.................................. Pennsylvania............................. Rhode Island.............................. Vermont...................................... 8 13 10 3 4 19 5 8 50 66 172 37 35 75 43 53 47.5 42.7 43.4 50.2 53.0 47.2 53.8 42.4 Total........................................ 70 531 46.1 ___ 8 29 113 13 4 7 45.5 46.9 45.6 48.9 51.4 106 46.8 Card tenders, female: Maine..................... ......... .......... Massachusetts........................... New Hampshire........................ Pennsylvania............................. Other States.._______________ Total....................................... 5 '2 2 2 19 ------- j------- 20, un der 24 24, un der 28 3 3 57 2 55 1 37 3 60 2 16 1 3 3 2 1 2 8 2 6 1 2 28 55 3 1 34 2 56 1 10 5 1 31 6 1 1 5 2 4 2 1 1 10 29 26 4 3 "£~ 1 2 3 1 2 8 9 11 10 20 21 i 11 6 7 4 3 3 66, un der 58 Over 58, 60, un 60 un der der 60 65 65, un der 70 11 1 47 12 1 1 11 1 45 22 53 22 2 14 2 1 8 2 2 6 1 11 1 1 3 12 2 4 22 98 30 31 53 36 4 11 5 69 10 5 2 20 2 1 2 1 2 4 4 1 1 7 2 i 4 7 6 70, 80 un and der over 80 5 3 11 1 6 27 13 11 38 13 3 4 9 7 — J!— Ji— . 1 Over 54, un der 56 2 1 1 2 I 1 1 22 10 54 12 1 5 2 Over 50, 52, 44, 48, un un un 48 un der der der der 48 52 54 50 20 2 7 7 1 i 7 40, un der 44 1 1 6 1 I 36, un der 40 55 1 7 2 1 32, un der 36 9 1 2 28, un der 32 6 3 ! 15 88 5 22 4 18 12 4 8 5 4 1 4 7 19 1 ; 2! 3 3 ; 18 ~~7~ 1 3j 4 4 8 "V i i ! 2 3 3 1 i r r\ 1 2 4 5 2 2 1 1 i 3 3 1| i ....... 11 1 13 44 |24 I 15 14 | i. s ==! = 1 1 . (- | 3 1 3 ! i! .. .j TABLES T ota l....................................... i 16, un der 20 1 1 7 28 1 1 Wool sorters, female: Massachusetts............................ 12, un der 16 GENERAL Wool sorters, male: Connecticut. .............................. Maine__..................................... Massachusetts............................ New Hampshire................... ..... Pennsylvania............................. Rhode Island............................. Other States............................. Number of employees whose hours actually worked in pay period were— ===== i L „ _____ T a b l e B . — Average and classified hours actually worked in pay period in 13 specified occupations, 1926, by sex and State— Continued One-week pay period—Continued 12, un der 16 16, un der 20 9 Total.........................- ............. 9 271 ! 40.2 7 9 770 90 409 358 126 33.7 42.6 48.7 44.1 37.1 Drawing-frame tenders, female: New Y ork— ..........................— Pennsylvania Rhode Island............................. Other States............................— 2 12 5 2 Spinners, mule, male: Connecticut Maine......................................... Massachusetts............................ New Hampshire------ -----------New York.................................. Pennsylvania..........................— Rhode Island................... .......... Vermont.........-.......................... 8 14 11 5 5 15 3 8 149 205 375 78 119 154 80 89 Total........................................ 69 1,249 Spinners, frame, female: Massachusetts----------------------Pennsylvania. _______________ Rhode Island-----------------------Other States............................... 0e 10 5 3 581 294 222 131 Total....................................... 23 44.3 38.3 44.7 45.2 47.0 47.0 46.5 43.4 40, un der 44 1 38 15 18 11 31 1 11 2 1 1 1 7 2 1 2 1 40 1 2 9 2 2 2 21 6 54 1 1 1 4 2 2 3 2 1 2 3 1 j i"T !— i i.. .. 44.2 ! i ! 9 ! 13 32.1 46.0 44.6 38.0 ! 1 I i !i 1,228 | 38.3 i 6 2 6 • iJ 1 9 8 ' 23 1 39 15 59 1 11 8 2 19 22 39 9 57 5 62 5 14 10 19 24 10 *A* 42 52 1 1 8 2 3 4 8 1 22 5 2 2 11 25 14 22 3 16 4 3 3 5 12 37 14 3 10 2 2 88 120 90 85 250 55 9 9 79 24 4 79 6 20 •31 56 42 8 6 1 4 128 29 177 90 135 127 24 12 3 68 3 2 1 6 "25’ 1 ’ Y 11 11 34 3 241 5 42 3 1 13 8 1 6 1 23 12 64 34 184 139 169 233 146 55 1 1 4 2 3 15 16 14 A 14 L 1 o 1 2 5 2 1 1 1 1 1 21 5 50 1 / 1 1 1 1 Over 50, 44, 48, un un 48 un der der der 52 48 50 5 142 £ 4 0 3 3 85 137 16 g 4 2 9 2 13 149 |114 149 152 107 30 15 107 25 68 5 4 52, un der 54 6 9 1 1 7 10 Over 54, 54 un der 56 16 2 7 2 ----- 7 1 2 6 16 i 1 1 "l83~ t>2~’ ~50' 1 21 10 71 7 187 2 1 10 9 9 2 13 21 7 a 7 12 10 16 3 35 33 2 1 3 12 1 2 76 24 111 5 53 7 ” 25 15 97 8 " T 11 1 71 20 5 2 107 92 7 110 ! 33 "Y — - . . . . ....... 1 ! ....... ! 4 73 4 30 ....... 40 28 168 1 Over 65, 56, L 80 60, un w un and un un 60 un der over der der der der 80 58 60 65 70 ! ! 3 15 1 6 3 17 42 8 10 5 11 17 8 2 12 " Y 2 1 i 1 29 7 2 i 2 19 ___ 4 1 71 26 43 3 2 5 2 5 1 __ 1 ....... 1 1 1 1 1 .. 3 1 ____ ___ i___ i........ MANUFACTURING 2o 36, un der 40 1 1,753 1 40.0 Total........................................ 32, un der 36 GOODS 38.7 54.0 46.0 41.1 28, un der 32 WORSTED 221 18 8 24 7 Rhode Island-----------------------Other States............................... 2 2 3 2 24, un der 28 20, un der 24 AND Drawing-frame tenders, male: Number of employees whose hours actually worked in pay period were— WOOLEN Occupation, sex, and State Aver age Num Num hours ber of ber of actually estab em worked Un 4, 8, un lish ploy der un in der ees ments 4 der pay 8 12 period Doffers, maleMassachusetts. Rhode Island.. 33 14 Total............. 47 Doffers, female: Massachusetts. Pennsylvania.. Rhode Island.. Othe- States... 32.2 42.3 16 16 30.0 46.8 45.2 39.1 40 2 Total..................... 22 701 38.7 43 Spooler tenders, female: Connecticut............. Maine...................... Massachusetts......... New Hampshire___ New York................ Pennsylvania........... Rhode Island........... Vermont................... 9 15 14 5 5 27 12 8 127 519 41 77 225 174 30 45.4 36.0 33.5 45.0 37.5 45.7 44.5 40.6 Total................ 95 1,283 39.0 Loom fixers, male: Connecticut........ Maine____ _____ Massachusetts.. . New Hampshire. New York______ Pennsylvania___ Rhode Island___ Vermont.............. 10 15 14 5 5 28 14 8 48 65 265 38 42 115 149 26 47.4 46.8 41.0 48.2 51.8 48.8 45.9 43.6 748 45.1 10 8 14 5 5 26 14 8 85 65 619 226 129 274 283 41 45.1 42.5 36.9 50.6 25.5 41.5 45.4 46.9 90 1,722 40.8 Total................ Burlers, female: Connecticut........ Maine.................. Massachusetts___ New Hampshire. New York........... Pennsylvania___ Rhode Island___ Vermont............... Total. 74 9 4 2 87 1 1 1 45 6 25 84 2 11 9 10 6 97 .... 4 7 2 1 8~ 15 28 1 41 11 46 2 143 4 5 4 4 163 81 16 76 29 14 19 111 17 4 14 119 T 32 20 124 11 17 19 91 3 39 15 !317 16 10 99 4 10 27 35 20 12 97 25 4 14 4 10 3 55 8 298 7 2 11 2 14 'T 19 1 1 22 64 148 118 21 20 70 1 1 7 71 2 15 28 1 20 189 201 133 373 56 11 75 13" 67 23 5 1 1 35 9 34 15 4 11 53 1 42 2 3 3 5 4 34 6 4 27 101 5 6 11 3 15 9 13 2 14 53 21 1 "ir 6 ..... i 30 18 15 79 154 90 9 3 3 '2l* 54 126 1 45 17 11 2 25 13 4 27 1 TABLES 292 213 126 70 GENERAL 4 10 5 3 .... 13 CO T able D .— Average and classified hours actually worked in pay period in IS specified occupations, 1926, by sex and State— Continued One-week pay period—Continued 16, un der 20 20, un der 24 24, un der 28 28, un der 32 32, un der 36 1 15 2 1 5 3 6 2 20 36, un der 40 40, un der 44 Over1 50, 52, 44, 48, un un un 48 un der der der der 52 54 48 50 54 Over 56, 54, un un der der 56 58 Over 65, 70, 58, 60, un un 80 un 60 un der der and der over der 60 65 70 80 116 220 769 34 119 270 558 35 45.7 42.6 3L7 42.4 38.6 39.8 44.8 39.8 38.7 91 2,121 10 15 15 5 5 22 13 3 53 105 672 73 73 49 178 33 Total__ . . . . . . . ____ . . . . . . . _ 93 1,236 9 15 15 5 5 15 8 87 121 423 57 64 73 138 45 82 1,008 Laborers, dye house, male: Connecticut__________ _______ Maine__ _____ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . _ . . . . . . . . . . . __ New Hampshire______ - ______ New York_____ . . . . . . . . . . . . _P en n sy lv a n ia .........._____ Rhode Is la n d ....._________ _ Vermont___ . . . . . . . __ . . . . ____ Total........................................ I jO 2 1 2 15 17 10 39 6 34 32 37 4 23 100 84 173 63 54 20 46 62 137 2 1 2 1 4 1 1 2 6 7 6 3 3 4 10 36 9 13 10 16 5 3 2 14 6 28 10 24 178 13 1 3 7 11 17 10 s 53 19 290 2 2 7 19 13 31 3 9 12 6 3 7 2 3 7 7 1 1 2 10 1 11 1 1 35 1 1 7 32 1 7 2 7 1 13 31 133 117 203 104 150 123 293 157 579 31 91 22 55 44.4 46.2 39.6 42.1 43.6 ” 2 50.6 46.9 47.1 1 .... 1 1 1 1 16 23 1 1 1 1 4 "T 4 3 19 6 "T 1 10 10 18 21 48 33 118 59 88 22 186 1 s .... 1 8 2 2 25 2 2 ”2 1 2 8 1 19 2 2 3 1 .... 1 4 4 3 5 17 2 102 2 1 2 2 3 1 4 1 1 2 4 2 23 16 8 2 7 5 1 2 9 2 5 4 5 ..... 4 10 13 ” l2" 8 1 2 4 6 3 8 7 2 42.4 5 23 34 372 63 49 30 32 f 18 9 5 3 9 36 70 16 1 1 15 1 1 1 1 3 3 1 2 2 4 7 5 64 4 4 8 47 2 10 25 3 8 18 5 7 5 4 SO 19 6 3 41 5 11 3 4 5 1 2 2 '"l7~ 17 11 1 2 7 .... 11 9 8 7 3 1 6 1 & 2 4 2 8 2 3 87 139 78 133 3 2 47.5 38.2 45.4 " I " 48.7 55.3 1 49.2 51.8 45.3 46.7 2 4 2 3 6 1 18 17 3 1 1 3 5 43 4 13 27 46 129 86 146 5 13 5 1 14 6 4 5 13 3 1 1 1 4 4 4 5 3 10 1 2 2 5 24 1 11 24 34 22 26 15 21 2 1 5 18 26 61 2 8 1 2 56 64 37 1 7 1 17 49 1 1 "2 7 4 4 .... 4 7 2 35 12 43 30 1 3 2 1 1 1 2 2 2 1 2 "¥ 12 11 3 3 3 1 2 2 12 1 11 13 7 2 3 1 10 1 2 6 2 3 1 5 1 2 4 1 18 27 22 26 3 3 1 1 MANUFAOTUEING Total........................................ Truckers, male: Connecticut. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Maine.________ ____ __ ______ Massachusetts_______________ Now Hampshire . . . New York . .......... Pennsylvania.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Rhode Island__ . . . . . _____ ___ Vermont. . . . ____ ______ ____ r 1 2 GOODS 10 15 14 5 5 23 14 5 WOESTED Maine__ _ . . . _______ ___ __ Massachusetts New Hampshire. ______ _ _ New York__ . . . . ______ ___ Pennsylvania _ _ _ _ Rhode Island___ . . . . . . Verm ont.... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . _ 12, un der 16 AND Menders, female: M n ssfl/>hnsfttts . . Number of employees whose hours actually worked in pay period were- WOOLEN Occupation, sex, and State Aver age Num Num hours ber 01 ber of actually estab em worked Un 4, 8, lishun ploy in der un ments der ees pay 4 der 8 12 period Two-week pay period Number of— Occupation, sex, and State Estab Em lish* ployments Weavers, male: Connecticut....... Maine................. Massachusetts__ New Hampshire. New York.......... Pennsylvania___ Rhode Island:__ Vermont_______ 633 631 1,828 276 307 634 938 281 86.3 76.9 Total............... 97 ! 5,528 82.0 Weavers, female: Connecticut....... Maine................. Massachusetts... New Hampshire. New York.......... Pennsylvania___ Rhode Island___ Vermont_______ 194 306 952 160 198 475 335 128 84.1 7a 9 75.2 87.9 84.5 82.5 2,748 80.1 Total________ Number of employees whose hours actually worked in pay period were— Aver age hours actu ally Un worked der in pay period 16, un der 24 24, un der 32 40, un der 48 48, un der 56 96 27 139 56 336 63 72 87 380 7a1 88.3 85.4 86.6 86.8 73.9 30 54 Over 96, un der 100 76 154 196 278 210 327 509 256 735 441 253 1,171 100, 104, un un der der 104 108 56 9 5 8 21 144 15 26 129 284 57 1 27 Over Over 115, 120, 108, 110, 108 un 110 un un 120 un Over der der 130 der der 130 115 120 110 8 ..... 194 85.7 13 10 50 108 174 96 218 185 335 156 138 348 161 ..... 52 43 43 15 108 6 22 81.1 34 129 163 16 2 22 15 11 35 20~ T able E .— Average and classified actual earnings in pay period in 18 specified occupations, 1926 , by sex and Stale One-week pay period 30 445 | 25.68 1 X 2 37 i 17. 59 1 I— - Rhode Island......................... V erm ont--......... ................... 8 13 10 3 4 19 5 8 60 66 172 37 35 75 43 53 20.27 17.43 17.80 20.61 21.95 21.85 21.26 17.87 2 1 1 Total................................... 70 531 19.32 8 Ii 10 12 8 5 o Z 9 16.83 17.60 14. 52 14.33 16.81 i 1 17.11 !— _ 1 Card tenders, female: Maine.......... .......................... Massachusetts........................ New Hampshire___________ Other States........................... 2 29 113 13 4 7 Total......... ......................... 19 166 3 2 1 8 O j Z 11 O 10 49 7 3 3 20 5 17 1 6 2 2 8 52 5 0 5 2 8 x 4 5 2 7 8 1 $14, un der $16 $16, un der $18 3 10 $20, un der $22 $22, un der $24 7 47 “ T 3 1 2 1 4 $18, un der $20 2 13 2 54 7 14 5 16 23 37 5 8 1 1 5 1 " 5" 4 6 1 8 7 7 3 3 2 2 3 6 33 4 1 7 29 13 3 10 2 5 3 3 2 1 10 18 09 20 68 97 112 70 4 2 9 23 7 4 37 5 24 4 23 1 _4 x 1 6 10 44 2 55 5 20 1 9 2 3 1 2 9 16 2 1 4 5 1 15 21 61 31 20 19 38 ____ ------ . 1 3 5 3 3 3 5 5 1 8 5 1 3 4 1 42 28 15 3 _ 44 5 1 1 10 ij 44 6 1| 1 1 ii ~ 5 i 1 - .- ■ ■ .. 1 3 ! i |- 1 32 27 1 1 - ---- . --- ;------- 1 3 43 1 1 1 2 4 1 12 11 9 32 3 14 16 18 9 1 9 1 111 on 6 1 2 27 1 3 j 9 _________ 4 3 4 $24, $26, $28, $30, $32, $34, $36, $38, $40, $42, $44, $46, $50 un un un un un un un un un un un un and der der der der der der der der der der der der over $26 $28 $30 $32 $34 $36 $38 $40 $42 $44 $46 $50 ....... 1........ i _____ ____ MANUFACTURING Total.................................. Card tenders, male: Connecticut----------------------Maine............ - ....................— Massachusetts........................ New Hampshire----------------New York.............................. $12, un der $14 GOODS Other States........................... 9 71 186 29 108 40 2 Wool sorters, female: $10, un der $12 1 3 3 6 2 11 3 2 New Hampshire.................... Pennsy1vania $8, un der $10 WORSTED $31.47 26.68 19.41 1 9.40 ----36.24 34 71 33.73 $6, un der $8 AND Wool sorters, male: Number of employees whose actual ea rnings in pay period were— WOOLEN Occupation’, sex, and State AverNum Num ber of ber of actual earn Un $4, estab em lish ploy ings in der un der pay ments ees period $4 $6 221 18 8 24 15.03 1G.13 21. 51 14. 65 7 Total.................................... 9 271 15.26 ---- 7 Drawing-frame tenders, female: Massachusetts........................ New York.............................. Pennsylvania......................... Rhode Island......................... Other States........................... 5 2 12 5 2 770 90 409 358 126 12. 52 15.02 16.23 15.09 13.26 13 ? Total.................................... 26 1,753 14.09 25 Spinners, mule, male: Connecticut........................... Maine________ ____________ Massachusetts_____________ New Hampshire___________ New York.............................. Pennsylvania......................... Rhode Island......................... Vermont ................................. 8 14 11 5 5 15 3 8 149 205 375 78 119 154 80 89 28.38 25.53 34.14 34.77 32.42 27.83 35.09 26.84 1 Total.................................... 69 1,249 30.68 7 Spinners, frame, female: • Massachusetts........................ Pennsylvania......................... Rhode Island......................... Other States........................... 5 10 5 3 581 294 222 131 39 1 15 2 24 3 7 5 4 1 39 40 ! 10 9 3 1 I 3 11 24 42 22 31 60 ! 43 1 13 21 1 ?, 8 48 145 2 1 9 1 1 9 11 3 7 4 2 1 14 1 7, 1 7 1 7, 1 148 138 152 90 ! 32 7 3 70 12 77, 40 95 116 83 13 42 186 14 I 33 24 49 27 14 1 3 12 1 1 i 2 24 29 6 10 13 3 9 7 14 49 7 8 9 7 14 27 52 12 4 8 11 5 14 12 59 9 10 11 5 3 13 12 35 12 15 9 30 1 12 9 29 5 15 4 4 1 2 5 28 5 8 3 14 1 14 2 7 3 100 115 126 123 127 79 65 29 1 4 in 1 7, 2 11 1 3 12 9 1 4 3 5 8 5 1 4 2 3 2 33 14 9.34 12.09 1 1 1 Total.................................... 5 47 10.16 2 1 Doffers, female: Massachusetts........................ Pennsylvania......................... Rhode Island............ ............. Other States............... ........... 4 10 5 3 292 213 126 70 8.86 12.77 12.16 10.86 Total.................................... 22 701 10.84 12 13 3 11 13 6 2 5 1 4 2 27 8 12 4 1 7 26 i 11 9 30 34 70 67 76 27 40 9 5 11 14 27 13 2 19 17 2 5 52 145 108 238 277 163 |81 65 40 5 1 1 3 2 1 2 1 25 73 6 59 21 9 9 3 12 16 11 3 8 20 4 2 4 11 10 14 2! 13 10 1 9 1 1 2 i 7 13 10 10 2 2 3 40 88 99 34 10 . . . . 7 21 35 2 1 4 72 1 21 5 6 12 ! 4 31 |66 24 11 29 1 8 8 42 21 96 ! 89 50 ! 14 | 4 94 145 146 1 ! i 1 1 2 2 12 3 4 2 1 17 1 4 1 1 25 4 Q 1 5 2 30 ! 13 1 1 1 3 1 10 ....... ■ .... 1 i 6 1 42 6 i | 1 1 64 163 *209 ;272 1530 *246 151 ! 62 12.33 11 11 38 114 62 187 88 14.55 12 7 12 25 31 26 35 16.31 2 1 6 5 7 141 15.05 " 9" 1 1 10 18 13 32 l....... | 1 2 :....... L - L - 1 1 27 13.87 9 ! i 20 1,228 9 2 1 20 23 1 1 1 45 Total.................................... 1 8 3 9 1 6 j 9 ; 28 | 31 1 '2 7, 7, Doffers, male: Massachusetts........................ Rhode Island......................... 8 i 1 ! | | L | 1 i 1 1 ....... I........ 3 1 i TABLES 2 2 3 2 GENERAL Drawing-frame tenders, male: Massachusetts........................ Pennsylvania......................... Rhode Island............... ......... Other States........................... T able £•— Average and classified actual earnings in pay period in 18 specified occupations, 1926, by sex and State— Continued One-week pay period—Continued Total....................................... 95 1,283 15.26 Loom fixers, male: nftnnp^t.ipnt. Maine Massachusetts______________ ‘Kfarar TTattinoh ii*a iMftnr Ynrlr Pennsylvania Rhod6 Island V erm ont____________________ 10 15 14 5 5 28 14 8 48 65 265 38 42 115 149 26 36.11 36.67 34.37 34.89 38.80 42.22 36.19 31.18 99 748 36.41 V erm ont------------------------------ 10 & O 1/1 5 5 QA H 8 85 65 A1Q oj.y 226 129 274 283 41 19.08 12.49 13 gg 19! 81 13.51 14.34 17! 46 16.02 Total_____________________ 90 1,722 15.54 T o t a l ____________________ Burlers, female: Massachusetts---------------------Pennsylvania---------------------- 1 9 8 $18, un der $20 10 20 76 1 13 19 70 "3” 6 7 12 11 36 4 2 16 53 28 6 22 17 20 3 16 42 15 1 12 8 21 5 10 39 16 2 8 8 22 7 10 37 17 3 3 6 30 6 5 7 23 4 1 4 2 5 10 10 3 5 1 5 " ” 2* 1 3 2 2 87 163 199 136 113 112 84 33 23 17 1 2 1 4 1 7 2 3 13 1 3 1 8 1 2 1 19 2 3 9 1 1 4 2 1 1 1 2 13 5 14 38 2 12 17 22 3 15 33 3 71 125 144 ‘ 76' 74 4 30 20 26 35 1 5 5 32 15 "IB" 73 52 34 9 31 38 62 56 2 12 10 7 1 4 19 7 1 4 36 14 13 38 9 21 17 6 16 1 13 17 4 2 10 1 18 1 1 5 70 100 104 220 337 242 263 109 89 53 27 1 3 44 3 1 4 9 46 108 ~6* ~ q" 2 2 2 2 2 2" " I " g 8 2 10 1 58 30 63 138 1 1 ~~~~ 14 2 1 11 7 44 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 3 14 1 --- 1 15 33 1 2 29 3 1 1 9 3 2 43 5 2 1 65 ” 3 1 20 1 3 2 57 2 2 28 7 2 1 4 1 __ 1 2 1 4 3 1 4 1 10 12 5 5 1 17 1 4 24 3 2 2 3 2 4 9 33 18 6 4 33 3 23 | 26 38 110 2 2 1 2 1 1 2 1 5 7 1 1 2 1 8 2 2 3 2 1 1 2 2 1 12 2 1 .........!........ 11 5 21 8 3 54 4 15 11 52 10 15 3 8 1 106 115 1 5 2 5 55 3 4 24 11 1 7 5 1 1 6 1 2 2 1 3 24 8 ------- 105 21 40 6 4 ___ 1 14 6 2 33 2 2 2 1 1 22 1 31 MANUFACTURING $15.84 15.76 13* 02 24! 78 15.11 16.76 16. 79 17.26 $16, un der $18 GOODS 90 127 519 41 77 225 174 30 9 $14, un der $16 WORSTED \Tattt V/vrlr Pan ncvl vq n ia *PV*r\r\ck TqIoti/I V e r m o n t-................................. 15 14 5 5 27 12 8 oiyia $20, $22, $24, $26, $28, $30, $32, $34, $36, $38, $40, $42, $44, $46, $50 un un un un un un un un un un un un un un and der der der der der der der der der der der der der der over $22 $24 $26 $28 $30 $32 $34 $36 $38 $40 $42 $44 $46 $50 $12, un der $14 AND Spooler tenders, female: Number of employees whose actual earnings in pay period were— WOOLEN Occupation, sex, and State A ver Nnim- N um age ber of ber of actual estab em earn Un $4, $6, $8, $10, lish ploy ings in der un un un un der der der der ments ees pay penod U $6 $8 $10 $12 Menders, female: Connecticut_________ Maine_______________ Massachusetts_______ New Hampshire______ New York___________ Pennsylvania....... ........ Rhode Island________ Vermont____________ Total______________ 91 93 2,121 19.64 53 105 672 73 73 49 178 33 19.64 19.94 16.33 16.47 18.05 22.07 16.96 19.62 1,236 17.29 87 121 423 57 64 73 138 45 16.26 20.25 20.90 23.68 26.34 22.47 18.31 83 1,008 20.75 7 6 24 21 37 53 14 21 33 49 4 26 15 41 5 30 30 114 202 171 200 232 262 7 11 11 8 123 .105 4 22 6 8 5 6 25 33 1 7 63 10 12 5 ~Y 4 7 21 33 4 15 4 13 5 125 123 183 199 I 158 102 71 8 14 10 22 1 1 11 116 143 2 4 39 3 1 .... 23 16 4 12 7 21.00 3 7 22 1 T 2 5 21 32 17 5 72 3 4 10 60 7 32 24 42 139 22 25 19 1 8 45 7 12 39 14 24 8 28 5 226 156 102 10 * 10 23 1 16 19 74 159 2 27 1 105 7 5 21 30 16 2 .... 16 41 15 5 11 103 22 2 6 41 T f. 4 5 5 14 2 64 14 10 2 17 6 129 13 32 1 14 1 1 7 23 7 13 3 12 ~T 2 5 2 2 4 15 6 42 30 40 1 1 TABLES Laborers, dye house, male: Connecticut_________ Maine................. .......... Massachusetts............. New Hampshire______ New York___________ Pennsylvania________ Rhode Island________ Vermont____________ Total______________ 21.57 19.61 16.27 22.33 24.40 21.13 22.23 15.81 GENERAL Truckers, male: Connecticut_________ Maine_______________ Massachusetts_______ New Hampshire______ New York___________ Pennsylvania________ Rhode Island________ Vermont____________ Total..... .................... 769 34 119 270 558 35 116 220 16 CO T able E . — Average and classified actual earnings in pay period in 18 specified occupations, 1926, by sex and State— Continued Two-week pay period $32, $40, un un un der der der $36 $40 $44 $44, un der $48 51.05 47.98 48.65 50.56 53.49 42.02 49.86 45.90 Total............... 2,748 48.08 $64, $68, $72, $56, un un un un der der der der $72 $76 $60 $64 $76, $84 un un and der der over $80 $84 17 25 22 226 34 394 541 41 6 14 14 21 5 593 451 413 364 358 177 5 13 14 4 16 23 56 14 112 14 10 12 28 28 75 108 128 154 214 232 252 322 211 218 242 130 123 107 32 18 32 MANUFACTURING 194 306 952 160 198 475 335 128 $52, un der $56 GOODS 53.47 97 $48, un der $52 76 50 216 10 23 52 92 22 $54.81 46.94 52.98 55.37 56.73 51.46 58.65 50.23 Weavers, female: Connecticut....... Maine_________ Massachusetts... New Hampshire. New York.......... Pennsylvania__ Rhode Island___ Vermont............ $28, un der $32 WORSTED Total............... $24, un der $28 AND Weavers, male: Connecticut....... Maine................. Massachusetts... New Hampshire. New York.......... Pennsylvania__ Rhode Island___ Vermont............ $6, $8, $10, $12, $14, $16, $18, $20, un un un un un un un un der der der der der der der der $10 $12 $14 $16 $18 $20 $24 WOOLEN Occupation, sex, and State N umber of employees whose earnings in pay period were— Num Num Average ber of ber of actual earn estab em- ings in Un lish pay der ments period $4 LIST OF BULLETINS OF THE BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS The following is a list of all bulletins of the Bureau of Labor Statistics published since July. 1912, except that in the case of bulletins giving the results of periodic surveys of the bureau only the latest bulletin on any one subject is here listed. A complete list of the reports and bulletins issued prior to July, 1912, as well as the bulletins published since that date, will be furnished on application. Bulletins marked thus (*) are out of print. Conciliation and Arbitration (Including strikes and lockouts). ♦No. 124. Conciliation and arbitration in the building trades of Greater New York. [1913.] *No. 133. Report of the industrial council of the British Board of Trade in its inquiry into industrial agreements. [1913.] ♦No. 139. Michigan copper district strike. [1914.] No. 144. Industrial court of the cloak, suit, and skirt industry of New York City. [1914.] No. 145. Conciliation, arbitration, and sanitation in the dress and waist industry of New York City. [1914.] ♦No. 191. Collective bargaining in the anthracite coal industry. [1916.] ♦No. 198. Collective agreements in the men’s clothing industry. [1916.] No. 233. Operation of the industrial disputes investigation act of Canada. [1918.] No. 255. Joint industrial councils in Great Britain. [1919.] No. 283. History of the Shipbuilding Labor Adjustment Board, 1917 to 1919 No. 287. National War Labor Board: History of its formation, activities, etc. [1921.] No. 303. Use of Federal power in settlement of railway labor disputes. [1922.] No. 341. Trade agreement in the silk-ribbon industry of New York City. [1923.] No. 402. Collective bargaining by actors. [1926.] No. 419. Trade agreements, 1925 Cooperation. No. 313. Consumers’ cooperative societies in the United States in 1920. No. 314. Cooperative credit societies in America and in foreign countries. [1922.] No 437. Cooperative movement in the United States in 1925 (other than agricultural). Employment and Unemployment. *No. 109. Statistics of unemployment and the work of employment offices in the United States. [ 1913.] No. 172. Unemployment in New York City, N. Y. [1915.] *No. 183. Regularity of employment in the women’s ready-to-wear garment industries. [1915.] ♦No. 195. Unemployment in the United States. [1916.] No. 196. Proceedings of the Employment Managers’ Conference held at Minneapolis, Minn., Jan uary, 1916. ♦No. 202. Proceedings of the conference of Employment Managers’ Association of Boston, Mass., held May 10,1916. No. 206. The British system of labor exchanges. [1916.] *No. 227. Proceedings of the Employment Managers' Conference, Philadelphia, Pa., April 2 and 3, 1917. No. 235. Employment system of the Lake Carriers’ Association. [1918.] ♦No. 241. Public employment offices in the United States. [1918.] No. 247. Proceedings of Employment Managers' Conference, Rochester, N. Y., May 9-11, 1918. No. 310. Industrial unemployment: A statistical study of its extent and causes. [1922.] N o>409. Unemployment in Columbus, Ohio, 1921 to 1925. Foreign Labor Laws. ♦No. 142 Administration of labor laws and factory inspection in certain European countries. [1914 ] Housing. ♦No. 158. No. 263. No. 295. No. 424. Government aid to home owning and housing of working people in foreign countries. [1914.] Housing by employers in the United States. [1920.] Building operations in representative cities in 1920. Building permits in the principal cities of the United States, 1925. Industrial Accidents and Hygiene. ♦No. 104. Lead poisoning in potteries, tile works, and porcelain enameled sanitary ware factories. [1912.] No. 120. Hygiene of the painters' trade. [1913.] ♦No. 127. Dangers to workers from dust and fumes, and methods of protection. [1913.] ♦No. 141. Lead poisoning in the smelting and refining of lead. [1914.] ♦No. 157. Industrial accident statistics. [1915.] ♦No. 165. Lead poisoning in the manufacture of storage batteries. [1914.] M Industrial Accidents and Hygiene—Continued. ♦No. 179. Industrial poisons used in the rubber industry. [1915.] No. 188. Report of British departmental committee on the danger in the use of lead in the paintii of buildings. [1916.] •No. 201. Report of committee on statistics and compensation-insurance cost of the International Association of Industrial Accident Boards and Commissions. [1916.] •No. 207. Causes of death by occupation. [1917.] •No. 209. Hygiene of the printing trades. [1917.] No. 219. Industrial poisons used or produced in the manufacture of explosives. [1917.] No. 221. Hours, fatigue, and health in British munitions factories. fl917.] No. 230. Industrial efficiency and fatigue in British munitions factories. [1917.] •No. 231. Mortality from respiratory diseases in dusty trades (inorganic dusts). [1918.] No. 234. Safety movement in the iron and steel industry, 1907 to 1917. *No. 236. Effect of the air hammer on the hands of stonecutters. [1918.] No. 249. Industrial health and efficiency. Final report of British Health of Munition Workers Com mittee. [1919.] ♦No. 251. Preventable death in the cotton-manufacturing industry. [1919.] No. 256. Accidents and accident prevention in machine building. [1919.] No. 267. Anthrax as an occupational disease. [1920.] No. 276. Standardization of industrial accident statistics. [1920.] No. 280. Industrial poisoning in the making of coal-tar dyes and dye intermediates. [1921.] No. 291. Carbon monoxide poisoning. [1921.] No. 293. The problem of dust phthisis in the granite-stone industry. [1922.] No. 298. Causes and prevention of accidents in the iron and steel industry, 1916 to 1919. No. 306. Occupational hazards and diagnostic signs: A guide to impairments to be looked for in hazardous occupations. [1922.] No. 339. Statistics of industrial accidents in the United States. [1923.] No. 392. Survey of hygienic conditions in the printing trades. [1925.] No. 405. Phosphorus necrosis in the manufacture of fireworks and in the preparation of phosphorus. [1926.] No. 425. Record of industrial accidents in the United States to 1925. No. 426. Deaths from lead poisoning. [1926.] No. 427. Health survey of the printing trades, 1922 to 1925. No. 428. Proceedings of the Industrial Accident Prevention Conference, held at Washington, D. C.t July 14r~16, 1926. Industrial Relations and Labor Conditions. No. 237. Industrial unrest in Great Britain. [1917.] No. 340. Chinese migration, with special reference to labor conditions. [1923.] No. 349. Industrial relations in the West Coast lumber industry. [1923.] No. 361. Labor relations in the Fairmont (W . Va.) bituminous coal field. [1924.] No. 380. Postwar labor conditions in Germany. [1925.] No. 383. Works council movement in Germany. [1925.] No. 384. Labor conditions in the shoe industry in Massachusetts, 1920 to 1924. No. 399. Labor relations in the lace and lace-curtain industries in the United States. [1925.] Labor Laws of the United 'States (including decisions of courts relating to labor). No. 211. Labor laws and their administration in the Pacific States. [1917.] No. 229. Wage-payment legislation in the United States. [1917.] No. 235. Minimum-wage legislation in the United States. [1921.] No. 321. Labor laws that have been declared unconstitutional. [1922.] No. 322. Kansas Court of Industrial Relations. [1923.] No. 343. Laws providing for bureaus of labor statistics, etc. [1923.] No. 370. Labor laws of the United States, with decisions of courts relating thereto. [1925.] No. 408. Laws relating to the payment of wages. [1926.] No. 417. Decisions of courts and opinions affecting labor, 1925. No. 434. Labor legislation of 1926. Proceedings of Annual Conventions of the Association of Government Labor Officials of the United States and Canada. No. 266. Seventh, Seattle, Wash., July 12-15,1920. No. 307. Eighth, New Orleans, La., May 2-6,1921. ♦No. 323. Ninth, Harrisburg, Pa., May 22-26,1922. No. 352. Tenth, Richmond, Va., May 1-4, 1923. No. 389. Eleventh, Chicago, Hl.f May 19-23, 1924. No. 411. Twelfth, Salt Lake City, Utah, August 13-15, 1925. No. 429. Thirteenth, Columbus, Ohio, June 7-10,1926. In] oceedings of Annual Meetings of International Association of Industrial Accident Boards and Com missions. *No. 210. Third, Columbus, Ohio, April 25-28, 1918. No. 248. Fourth, Boston, Mass., August 21-25,1917. No. 264. Fifth, Madison, Wis., September 24-27,1918. *No. 273. Sixth* Toronto, Canada, September 23-26,1919. No. 281. Seventh, San Francisco, Calif., September 20-24,1920. No. 304. Eighth, Chicago, HI., September 19-23,1921. No. 333. Ninth, Baltimore, Md., October 9-13,1922. No. 359. Tenth, St. Paul, Minn., September 24-26, 1923. No. 385. Eleventh, Halifax, Nova Scotia, August 26-28, 1924. No. 395. Index to proceedings, 1914-1924. No. 406. Twelfth, Salt Lake City, Utah, August 17-20, 1925. No. 432. Thirteenth, Hartford, Conn., September 14-17, 1926. Proceedings of Annual Meetings of International Association of Public Employment Services. No. 192. First, Chicago, December 19 and 20,1913; Second, Indianapolis, September 24 and 25,1914; Third, Detroit, July 1 and 2,1915. No. 220. Fourth, Buffalo, N. Y., July 20 and 21,1916. No. 311. Ninth, Buffalo, N. Y., September 7-9,1921. No. 337. Tenth, Washington, D. C., September 11-13, 1922. No. 355. Eleventh, Toronto, Canada, September 4-7, 1923. No. 400. Twelfth, Chicago, 111., May 19-23, 1924. No. 414. Thirteenth, Rochester, N. Y., September 15-17, 1925. Productivity of labor. No. 356. Productivity costs in the common-brick industry. fl924.] No. 360. Time and labor costs in manufacturing 100 pairs of shoes. [1924.] No. 407. Labor cost of production and wages and hours of labor in the paper box-board industry. [1925.] No. 412. Wages, hours, and productivity in the pottery industry, 1925. No. 441. Productivity of labor in the glass industry. [1927.] [In press.] Retail Prices and Cost of Living. *No. 121. ♦No. 130. ♦No. 164. No. 170. No. 357. No. 369. No. 418. Sugar prices, from refiner to consumer. [1913.] Wheat and flour prices, from farmer to consumer. [1913.] Butter prices, from producer to consumer. [1914.] Foreign food prices as affected by the war. [1915.] Cost of living in the United States. [1924.] The use of cost-of-living figures in wage adjustments. [1925.] Retail prices, 1890 to 1925. Safety Codes. No. 331. Code of lighting factories, mills, and other work places. No. 336. Safety code for the protection of industrial workers in foundries. No. 350. Specifications of laboratory tests for approval of electric headlighting devices for motor vehicles. No. 351. Safety code for the construction, care, and use of ladders. No. 364. Safety code for mechanical power-transmission apparatus. No. 375. Safety code for laundry machinery and operation. No. 378. Safety code for woodworking plants. No. 382. Code of lighting school buildings. No. 410. Safety code for paper and pulp mills. No. 430. Safety code for power presses and foot and hand presses. No. 433. Safety codes for the prevention of dust explosions. No. 436. Safety code for the use, care, and protection of abrasive wheels. Vocational and Workers' Education. ♦No. 159. ♦No. 162. No. 199. No. 271. Short-unit courses for wage earners, and a factory school experiment. [1915.] Vocational education survey of Richmond, Va. [1915.] Vocational education survey of Minneapolis, Minn. [1916.] Adult working-class education in Great Britain and the United States. [1920.J Wages and Hours of Labor, ♦No. 146. Wages and regularity of employment and standardization of piece rates in the dress and waist industry of New York City. [1914.] ♦No. 147. Wages and regularity of employment in the cloak, suit, and skirt industry. [1914.] No. 161. Wages and hours of labor in the clothing and cigar industries, 1911 to 1913. No. 163. Wages and hours of labor in the building and repairing of steam railroad cars, 1907 to 1913. ♦No. 190. Wages and hours of labor in the cotton, woolen, and silk industries, 1907 to 1914. [mi Wages and Hours of Labor—Continued. No. 204. Street railway employment in the United States. [1917.] No. 225. Wages and hours of labor in the lumber, millwork, and furniture industries, 1915. No. 265. Industrial survey in selected industries in the United States, 1919. No. 297. Wages and hours of labor in the petroleum industry, 1920. No. 356. Productivity costs in the common-brick industry. [1924.] No. 358. Wages and hours of labor in the automobile-tire industry, 1923. No. 360. Time and labor costs in manufacturing 100 pairs of shoes. [1924.] No. 365. Wages and hours of labor in the paper and pulp industry, 1923. No. 371. Wages and hours of labor in cotton-goods manufacturing, 1924. No. 374. Wages and hours of labor in the boot and shoe industry, 1907 to 1924. No. 376. Wages and hours of labor in the hosiery and underwear industry, 1907 to 1924. No. 394. Wages and hours of labor in metalliferous mines, 1924. No. 407. Labor cost of production and wages and hours of labor in the paper box-board industry. [1925.] No. 412. Wages, hours, and productivity in the pottery industry, 1925. No. 413. Wages and hours of labor in the lumber industry in the United States, 1925. No. 416. Hours and earnings in anthracite and bituminous coal mining, 1922 and 1924. No. 421. Wages and hours of labor in the slaughtering and meat-packing industry of labor. [1925.]. No. 422. Wages and hours of labor in foundries and machine shops, 1925. No. 431. Union scale of wages and hours of labor, May 15, 1926. No. 435. Wages and hours of labor in the men’s clothing industry, 1911 to 1926. No. 438. Wages and horns of labor in the motor vehicle industry, 1925. No. 442. Wages and hours of labor in'the iron and steel industry, 1907 to 1926. Welfare Work. ♦No. 123. Employers’ welfare work. [1913.] No. 222. Welfare work in British munition factories. [1917.] ♦No. 250. Welfare work for employees in industrial establishments in the United States. [1919.] Wholesale Prices. No. 284. Index numbers of wholesale prices in the United States and foreign countries. No. 440. Wholesale prices, 1890 to 1926. (In press.) |1921.] Women and Children in Industry. No. 116. Hours, earnings, and duration of employment of wage-earning women in selected industries in the District of Columbia. [1913.] ♦No. 117. Prohibition of night work of young persons. [1913.] ♦No. 118. Ten-hour maximum working-day for women and young persons. [1913.] ♦No. 119. Working hours of women in the pea canneries of Wisconsin. [1913.] ♦No. 122. Employment of women in power laundries in Milwaukee. [1913.] No. 160. Hours, earnings, and conditions of labor of women in Indiana mercantile establishments and garment factories. [1914.] ♦No. 167. Minimum wage legislation in the United States and foreign countries. [1915.] ♦No. 175. Summary of the report on conditions of woman and child wage earners in the United States [1915.] ♦No. 176. Effect of minimum-wage determinations in Oregon. [1915.] ♦No. 180. The boot and shoe industry in Massachusetts as a vocation for women. [1915.] ♦No. 182. Unemployment among women in department and other retail stores of Boston, Mass. [1916.| No. 193. Dressmaking as a trade for women in Massachusetts. [1916.] No. 215. Industrial experience of trade-school girls in Massachusetts. [1917.] ♦No. 217. Effect of workmen’s compensation laws in diminishing the necessity of industrial employ ment of women and children. [1918.] No. 223. Employment of women and juveniles in Great Britain during the war. [1917.] No. 253. Women in lead industries. [1919.] Workmen’s Insurance and Compensation (including laws relating thereto). ♦No. 101. ♦No. 102. ♦No. 103. No. 107. ♦No. 155. No. 212. No. 243. No. No. No. No. 301. 312. 379. 423. Care of tuberculous wage earners in Germany. [1912.] British national insurance act. [1911.] Sickness and accident insurance law of Switzerland. [1912.] Law relating to insurance of salaried employees in Germany. [1913.] Compensation for accidents to employees of the United States. [1914.] Proceedings of the conference on social insurance called by the International Association of Industrial Accident Boards and Commissions, Washington, D. C., December 5-9,1916. Workmen’s compensation legislation in the United States and foreign countries, 1917 and 1918. Comparison of workmen’s compensation insurance and administration. 11922.1 National health insurance in Great Britain, 1911 to 1920. Comparison of workmen’s compensation laws of the United States as of January 1,1925. Workmen’s compensation legislation of the United States and Canada, as of July 1,1926. [IV] acallaneous Series. *No. 174. Subject index of the publications of the United States Bureau of Labor Statistics up to May 1, 1915. No. 208. Profit sharing in the United States. 11916.] No. 242. Food situation in central Europe, 1917. No. 254. International labor legislation and the society of nations. [1919.] No. 268. Historical survey of international action affecting labor. [1920.] No. 282. Mutual relief associations among Government employees in Washington, D. C. [1921.] No. 299. Personnel research agencies: A guide to organized research in employment management, industrial relations, training, and working conditions. [1921.] No. 319. The Bureau of Labor Statistics: Its history, activities, and organization. [1922.] No. 326. Methods of procuring and computing statistical information of the Bureau of Labor Statistics. [1923.] No. 342. International Seamen’s Union of America: A study of its history and problems 11923.] No. 346. Humanity in government. [1923.] No. 372. Convict labor in 1923. No. 386. The cost of American almshouses. 11925.| No. 398. Growth of legal-aid work in the United States. [1926.] No. 401. Family allowances in foreign countries. [1926.J No. 420. Handbook of American trade-unions. [1926.] No. 439. Handbook of labor statistics, 1924-1926. (In press.) tv]
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