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U. S. DEPARTMENT OF LABOR
BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS
ROYAL MEEKER, Commissioner
j W H O L E 1 C'l
BULLETIN OF THE UNITED STATES \
BUREAU OF LABOR S T A T IS T IC S / * * * | NUMBER l j J
W AGES
AND
HOURS
OF
LABOR
S E R IE S :
No.
12
W A G E S A N D H O U R S O F L A B O R IN T H E L U M B E R ,
M IL L W O R K , A N D
F U R N IT U R E
1 9 0 7 TO
IN D U S T R IE S
1913
C
j
MAY 21,1914
WASHINGTON
GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE
1914
CONTENTS.
Page.
Lumber manufacturing..........................................................................................
5-79
Summary.........................................................................................................
5-13
Explanation of scope and method.................................................................
14-23
Description of principal productive occupations.......................................
24-31
Table I.—Average and classified rates of wages per hour in the United
States, by years, 1907 to 1913.....................................................................
32-25
Table II.—Average and classified rates of wages per hour in each year,
by States, 1912 and 1913.............................................................................
36-44
Table III.—Average and classified rates of wages per hour in each State,
by years, 1912 and 1913..............................................................................
45-53
Table IY.—Average and classified full-time hours of work per week in the
54-57
United States, by years, 1907 to 1913.......................................................
Table Y.—Average and classified full-time hours of work per week in each
year, by States, 1912 and 1913...................................................................
58-66
Table VI.—Average and classified full-time hours of work per week in
each State, by years, 1912 and 1913..........................................................
67-75
Table V II.—Average full-time hours of work per week and average
full-time weekly earnings, by States, 1912 and 1913...............................
76-79
Millwork (sash, doors, blinds, frames, fixtures, and trim)............................... 80-104
Summary.........................................................................................................
80-85
Explanation of scope and method.................................................................
86-89
Description of principal productive occupations.........................................
89-91
Table I.—Average and classified rates of wages per hour in the United
States, by years, 1907 to 1913.....................................................................
92,93
Table* II.—Average and classified rates of wages per hour in each year,
by States, 1912 and 1913.............................................................................
94,95
Table III.—Average and classified rates of wages per hour in each State,
by years, 1912 and 1913..............................................................................
96,97
Table IV.—Average and classified full-time hours of work per week in the
United States, by years, 1907 to 1913.......................................................
98,99
Table V.—Average and classified full-time hours of work per week in
each year, by States, 1912 and 1913........................................................... 100,101
Table VI.—Average and classified full-time hours of work per week in
each State, by years, 1912 and 1913........................................................... 102,103
Table V II.—Average full-time hours of work per week and average
full-time weekly earnings, by States, 1912 and 1913..............................
104
Furniture manufacturing....................................................................................... 105-153
Summary.......................................................................................................... 105-111
Explanation of scope and method................................................................. 111-114
Description of principal productive occupations.......................................115-120
Table I.—Average and classified rates of wages per hour in the United
States, by years, 1907 to 1913..................................................................... 121-125
Table II.—Average and classified rates of wages per hour in each year,
by States, 1912 and 1913............................................................................. 126-135
3
4
CONTENTS.
Furniture manufacturing—Concluded.
page.
Table III.—Average and classified rates of wages per hour in each State,
by years, 1912 and 1913.............................................................. ............... 136-140
Table IV.—Average and classified full-time hours of work per week in
the United States, by years, 1907 to 1913............................................. .. 141-143
Table V.—Average and classified full-time hours of work per week in
each year, by States, 1912 and 1913.......................................................... 144-147
Table VI.—Average and classified full-time hours, of work per week in
each State, by years, 1912 and 1913......................................................... 148-151
Table V II.—Average full-time hours of work per week and average
full-time weekly earnings, by States, 1912 and 1913............................... 152,153
Appendix.—Relative full-time hours per week and relative rates of wages
per hour in lumber manufacturing, millwork, and furniture manufactur
ing, 1890 to 1912................................................................................................. 154-160
BULLETIN OF THE
U. S. BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS.
WHOLE NO. 153.
W A S H IN G T O N .
MAY 21, 1914
WAGES AND HOURS OF LABOR IN LUMBER MANUFACTURING, MILLWORK, AND FURNITURE MANUFACTURING, 1907 TO 1913.
LUMBER MANUFACTURING.
SUMMARY.
This report, based on information obtained from representative
establishments, shows the full-time weekly earnings, the full-time
hours of labor per week, and the rates of wages per hour in the
principal occupations in the lumber industry in the United States.
Figures relating to full-time hours of labor per week and rates of
wages per hour are presented for the years 1907 to 1913 inclusive,
and for full-time weekly earnings for the years 1910 to 1913 inclusive.
Earlier reports of this Bureau present wages and hours of labor in
the industry from 1890 to 1912.1
Briefly summarized, the average full-time weekly earnings of em
ployees engaged in lumber manufacturing in 1913 were 3.4 per cent
higher than such earnings in 1912, 4.9 per cent higher than in 1911,
and 5.4 per cent higher than in 1910. The full-time hours of labor
per week in 1913 were 0.7 per cent lower than in 1912, and 0.5 per
cent lower than in each of the years 1910 and 1911. Rates of wages
or earnings per hour in 1913 were 4 per cent higher than in 1912,
5.4 per cent higher than in 1911, and 5.7 per cent higher than in 1910.
The most significant facts concerning the occupations covered
by this report are summarized in the table below. The data for the
years 1907 to 1911 were secured in 1911. Owing to the difficulty of
finding establishments having records extending back for a period of
years and also owing to the amount of work involved, data for 1907
to 1909 were secured from a smaller number of establishments than
have furnished data for the later years.
According to the plan of the table, direct comparisons, which are
indicated by the grouping of the years within brackets, can be made
properly only between two or more successive years where the data
are for identical establishments.
i Previous reports of wages and hours of labor in the lumber manufacturing industry have been pub
lished by the Bureau as follows: Nineteenth Annual Report, covering 1890 to 1903; Bulletin No. 69 (July,
1905), covering 1903 and 1904; Bulletin No. 65 (July, 1906), covering 1904 and 1905; Bulletin No. 71 (July,
1907), covering 1905 arid 1906; Bulletin No. 77 (July, 1908), covering 1906 and 1907; and Bulletin No. 129
(August, 1913), covering 1907 to 1912.
6
BU LLETIN OF TH E BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS.
The data are for one pay-roll period in each year, the period ending
nearest May 15 being selected, except in a very few establishments
in which conditions in May were abnormal.
The figures for the years 1907 to the first presentation for 1912
are reproduced from Bulletin No. 129, except the average full-time
weekly earnings for 1910 to 1912, which figures have been computed
for this Bulletin from data gathered for those years. The average
full-time weekly earnings have not been computed for the period
1907 to 1910 owing to the lack of funds. It will be observed that
the average full-time weekly earnings generally are not exactly the
same as the product of the average rate of wages per hour and the
average full-time hours per week. This difference is explained on
page 16.
In 1913 the average full-time weekly earnings of employees en
gaged in lumber manufacturing, represented by 10 occupations,
varied from $10.40 for laborers to $33.90 for band sawyers. The
full-time hours of labor per week in 1913 varied in the several mills.
In a few instances the working time was less than 60 hours, and in a
few instances over 66. The predominating working time was 60
hours per week, although for quite a percentage of the employees it
was 66 hours.
All of the employees for whom figures are presented in this report
are males.
AVERAGE AND CLASSIFIED FULL-TIME HOURS OF W ORK PER W EEK AND RATES
OF WAGES PER HOUR, AND AVERAGE FULL-TIME W EE K LY EARNINGS IN EACH
OF THE PRINCIPAL OCCUPATIONS IN LUMBER MANUFACTURING, 1907 TO 1913.
{The figures set opposite each bracketed group of years are for identical establishments.]
Per cent of employees
whose full-time hours
per week were—
A v erAver
Num age
age
ber of IUllOccupation, and num
rate
of
ber of e s ta b lis h Year. em time
Over
wages
ploy hours
ments.
per
60
ees. per Un
hour.
and
week. der 60 un 66 Over
66
60
der
66
Doggers:
/1911
273 establishments. . \1912
852
869
61.5
61.4
1.7 71.6
1.9 72.3
973
/1912
334 establishments.. \1913
939
Laborers:
(1907 4,097
J1908 3,662
41 establishments... 11909 3,910
11910 4,582
61.4
61.2
Per cent of employ
ees earning each
classified rate of Aver
wages per hour.
age
fuUtime
14
week
18
Un and and 25
ly
der un un cts. earn
14 der der and ings.
25 over.
cts. 18
cts. cts.
20.9
19.7
0.9 $0.1791 23.6 30.7 38.2
.9 .1803 19.9 33.3 39.6
1.8 72.1
3.8 73.6
4.8
5.2
.9
4.9
5.3
19.8
16.0
1.2
1.3
.1810 19.0 33.5 39.9 7.6 11.06
.1845 14.8 35.6 39.1 10.5 11.22
60.5
60.6
60.5
60.5
3.3
5.4
4.7
5.3
5.4
6.5
6.2
5.3
3.6
4.0
3.9
3.4
1.3
1.4
1.3
1.1
.1827
.1665
.1708
.1832
20,327
245 establishments.. /1910
\1911 19,256
61.3
61.3
2.9 73.8
2.5 73.6
4.9 17.7
5.4 17.9
.6
.6
.1660 29.4 30.9 36.7
.1655 29.1 33.9 33.9
3.0 10.12
3.2 10.10
/1911 26,784
299 establishments.. \1912 25,506
61.4
61.5
1.4 73.1
1.5 71.9
6.5 18.2
6.6 19.0
.7
1.0
.1621 31.3 36.6 28.9
.1641 31.2 37.0 27.7
3.1 9.91
4.3 10.04
/1912 29,365
361 establishments.. \1913 28,835
61.5
61.1
1.6 71.6
3.2 76.0
4.9 20.6
5.7 14.0
1.3
1.1
.1639 31.6 36.6 27.3
.1708 26.5 34.9 32.4
4.4 10.03
6.2 10.40
86.5
82.7
83.8
84.9
1 Not computed.
15.5
19.4
16.8
13.7
33.8
50.8
45.5
27.7
45.3
28.3
36.0
54.2
7.5 $10.96
7.1 11.03
5.4
1.6
1.8
4.4
(J)
(i)
0)
7
WAGES AND HOURS OF LABOR; 1907 TO 1913-----LUMBER.
AVERAGE AND CLASSIFIED FULL-TIME HOURS OF WORK PER W EEK AND RATES
OF WAGES PER HOUR, AND AVERAGE FULL-TIME W EE K LY EARNINGS IN EACH
OF THE PRINCIPAL OCCUPATIONS IN LUMBER MANUFACTURING, 1907 TO 1913—Contd.
Per cent of employees
whose full-time hours
per week were—
Aver
Aver
Num age
age
ber of full
Occupation, and num
rate
of
ber of establish Year. em time
Over
wages
ploy hours
ments.
per
60
ees. per Un
Over hour.
week. der 60 and
un 66 66
60
der
66
Machine feeders, plan
ing mill:
178 establishments. . /1911
\1912
Per cent of employ
ees earning each
classified rate of Aver
wages per hour.
age
fi3ltime
14
18
week
Un and and 25
ly
der un un cts. earn
14 der der and ings.
cts. 18 25 over.
cts. cts.
1,156
1,165
61.3
61.1
1.7 75.3
.7 78.8
5.5 17.4 ....... $0.1792 17.3 42.5 28.1 12.3 $10.94
5.9 14.6
.1849 14.2 39.7 33.1 12.9 11.27
(1912
253 establishments. . \1913
Trimmer operators:
fl907
37 establishments. . . J1908
11909
11910
1,548
1,531
61.4
61.1
.7 73.8
3.1 75.6
4.6 19.5
5.1 15.2
1.4
1.0
.1810 20.0 36.9 31.2 12.0 11.07
.1863 15.0 39.3 30.3 15.4 11.34
72
68
72
74
60.7
60.7
60.7
60.7
2.8
3.0
2.8
2.8
4.2
4.4
4.2
5.4
6.9
7.4
6.9
6.8
2.8
2.9
2.8
2.7
.2070 9.7 15.3 55.5 19.4
.1959 10.3 29.4 41.2 19.1
.1971 8.4 30.5 41.7 19.4
.1969 8.1 20.3 48.7 23.0
228 establishments. . /1910
\1911
503
485
61.0
61.0
1.8 78.9
1.8 79.0
3.4 15.3
3.5 15.1
.6
.6
.2089 11.3 18.1 46.0 24.7 12.71
.2113 11.0 18.5 43.7 26.8 12.85
294 establishments. . /1911
\1912
479
441
61.3
61.3
1.2 75.6
1.9 75.1
5.0 17.3
5.3 17.0
.8
.9
.2092 11.0 20.1 41.9 26.9 12.77
.2104 10.4 20.9 42.8 25.8 12.84
346 establishments.. /1912
\1913
511
538
61.2
61.0
2.2 75.7
3.5 78.1
4.3 16.8
3.9 13.6
1.0
.9
.2088 10.4 22.5 42.9 24.3 12.73
.2172 7.8 20.4 42.4 29.4 13.20
83.3
82.4
83.3
82.4
(i)
(i)
25
20
Un and and 30
der un un cts.
20 der der and
cts. 25
30 over.
cts. cts.
Carriage men:
(1907
1908
11909
11910
208
201
195
215
60.7
60.8
60.8
60.7
3.9
4.0
4.6
3.7
/1910
245 establishments.. \1911
Edgermen:
(1907
1908
41 establishments... 11909
11910
1,327
1,298
61.4
61.3
2.2 72.9
2.2 73.9
79
78
77
84
60.7
60.7
60.7
60.7
2.6
3.9
3.9
3.6
245 establishments.. /1910
\1911
585
569
61.2
61.2
299 establishments. . /1911
\1912
684
686
/1912
\1913
41 establishments. .
81.2
80.6
79.5
81.9
3.4
3.5
3.6
3.3
4'. 7 19.7
4.8 18.4
.7
.7
30.7
42.8
36.4
27.9
32.7
29.9
32.3
36.3
29.8
20.9
24.1
29.8
6.7
6.5
7.2
6.0
(i)
m
0)
.2088 43.8 26.3 18.4 11.5 12.76
.2119 41.6 25.6 20.1 12.7 12.94
2.5
2.6
2.6
2.4
1.9 75.6
1.9 76.1
5.2 16.9
5.5 16.0
.5
.5
.2553 16.1 19.5 37.1 27.2 15.58
.2589 14.5 18.8 36.6 30.3 15.79
61.3
61.2
1.3 76.2
1.6 76.4
5.2 16.7
5.9 15.5
.6
.6
.2599 14.0 18.9 37.6 29.4 15.86
.2601 14.0 18.1 38.5 29.4 15.87
751
754
61.2
61.0
1.7 75.8
4.0 77.1
5.7 16.0
5.8 12.3
.8
.8
.2617 13.2 18.1 39.3 29.4 15.97
.2677 12.7 15.1 38.1 34.1 16.28
/1911
\1912
149
147
60.7
60.7
1.3 85.9
1.4 85.7
4.7
4.8
8.1
8.2
.2515 14.8 28.9 30.2 26.2 15.24
.2556 12.9 27.2 31.3 28.6 15.48
138 establishments. . /1912
\1913
Setters:
301 establishments.. /1911
\1912
197
192
60.7
60.7
1.0 85.3
2.1 85.4
4.1
3.6
9.6
8.9
.2543 14.2 28.4 30.5 26.9 15.41
, .2607 12.5 24.5 31.8 31.3 15.77
714
713
61.3
61.3
1.2 75.2
1.6 75.3
5.6 16.9
5.9 16.3
.8
1.0
.2506 15.8 22.4 34.2 27.6 15.30
.2518 15.5 21.3 36.5 26.6 15.37
361 establishments.. /1912
\1913
780
782
61.3
61.0
1.8 75.4
3.2 77.6
5.5 16.2
5.5 12.3
1.2
1.4
.2499 15.6 21.7 38.3 24.4 15.29
.2583 12.7 20.7 38.0 28.6 15.71
6.3
6.4
6.5
6.0
.2184
.2074
.2115
.2196
6.3
6.4
6.5
6.0
361 establishments. .
Sawyers, resaw:
98 establishments. . .
82.3
80.8
80.5
82.1
5.3
5.5
5.6
5.1
6.2
6.5
6.7
6.1
1Not computed.
.2535
.2457
.2481
.2647
19.0
20.6
20.8
16.8
15.2
20.5
19.5
16.7
40.5
42.3
40.3
35.7
25.4
16.7
19.5
31.0
$
8
8
BU LLETIN OF T H E BUREAU OF LABOB STATISTICS.
AVERAGE AND CLASSIFIED FULL-TIME HOURS OF W ORK PER W EEK AND RATES
OF WAGES PER HOUR, AND AVERAGE FULL-TIME W EE K LY EARNINGS IN EACH
OF THE PRINCIPAL OCCUPATIONS IN LUMBER MANUFACTURING, 1907 TO 1913—Concld.
Per cent of employees
whose full-time hours
per week were—
Aver
Num age
ber of
Occupation, and num
ber of establish Year. em time
Over
ploy hours Un
ments.
60
ees. per der
and
Over
week. 60 60 un 66
66
der
66
Sawyers, gang:
Aver
age
rate of
wages
per
hour.
Per cent of employ
ees earning each
classified rate of Aver
wages per hour.
age
full
time
25
30
week
Un and and 40
ly
der un un cts. earn
25 der der and ings.
cts. 30
40 over.
cts. cts.
100.0
$0.2708
66.7 33.3
100.0
.2558 33.3 50.0 16.7
....... .......
100.0 : : : : :
.2583 33.3 33.3 33.3
100.0
.2642 16.7 50.0 33.3
fl907
11908
5 establishments----- 11909
[1910
6
6
6
6
52 establishments-. . J1910
\1911
64
60
61.4
61.6
75.0
71.7
4.7 20.3
5.0 23.3
.3092 22.0 21.9 32.8 23.4 $18.88
.3006 23.4 23.3 33.3 20.0 18.42
titi establishments... /1911
1.1912
74
75
71.6
61.6
61.6 ....... 70.7
2.7 25.7
4.0 25.3
.3061 19.0 27.0 31.1 23.0 18.77
.3058 14.6 30.7 32.0 22.7 18.74
71 establishments... J1912
\1913
79
80
61.7
61.4
1.3 69.6
5.0 68.8
2.5 25.3
2.5 22.5
60.0
60.0 .......
60.0
60.0
1.3
1.3
1
.3072 15.2 29.1 35.4 20.3 18.86
.3109 13.8 27.5 38.8 20.0 19.02
40 50
Un and and 60
der un un cts.
40 der der and
60 over.
cts. 50
cts. cts.
Sawyers, band:
7.0 .......
7.2
7.2
6.8
.4901
.4807
.4894
.5007
2.3 74.6
2.3 75.2
6.5 16.5
6.7 15.7 . . . . .
.5431
.5535
7.5 20.7 34.0 37.8 33.18
7.2 19.2 32.4 41.2 33.79
61.2
61.2
1.6 76.4
2.0 77.0
6.3 15.7 .......
6.1 14.8
.5503
.5514
8.1 17.3 35.2 39.4 33.61
7.3 18.7 33.5 40.4 33.64
61.1
60.9
2.0 77.2
3.6 78.2
5.3 15.5 .......
5.4 12.8
.5457
.5568
6.8 20.3 34.9 38.0 33.47
6.5 18.1 33.6 41.9 33.90
7.1 ....... 14.3
7.1
14.3
15.4
7.7
7.1
14.3
.5448
.5186
.5254
.5501
7.1 21.4 42.9 28.6
7.1 35.7 28.6 28.6
7.7 30.8 38.5 23.1
35.7 28.6 35.7
fl907
1908
34 establishments__ 11909
(1910
71
69
69
73
60.8
60.8
60.8
60.7
2.8
2.8
2.8
2.8
203 establishments.. /1910
\1911
429
432
61.2
61.2
243 establishments.. /1911
\1912
508
492
288 establishments.. /1912
\1913
561
554
Sawyers, circular:
84.5
85.5
85.5
86.3
71.4
71.4
69.2
71.4
5.6
4.3
4.3
4.1
11.3
14.5
14.5
12.3
32.4
29.0
27.5
28.8
39.4
40.6
36.2
34.2
16.9
15.9
21.7
24.7
8
T1907
11908
12 establishments.. . 11909
(1910
14 61.3
14 61.3
13 61.3
14 61.3
7.1
7.1
7.7
7.1
58 establishments.. . /1910
\1911
81
78
61.9
62.0
1.2 66.7
1.3 65.4
2.5 25.9
2.6 26.9
3.7
3.8
.4964 11.1 32.1 39.5 17.3 30.66
.4976 11.0 29.5 41.0 17.9 30.77
72 establishments.. . /1911
\1912
95
94
62.6
62.5
1.1 56.8
1.1 58.5
4.2 34.7
4.3 29.8
3.2
6.4
.5036 11.6 28.4 42.1 17.9 31.42
.5091 14.9 19.1 46.8 19.1 31.70
92 establishments.. . /1912
\1913
119
123
62.4
62.0
2.5 58.0
3.3 64.2
7.6 25.2
7.3 17.9
6.7
7.3
.4990 18.5 20.2 41.2 20.2 31.03
.5134 15.4 21.1 37.4 26.0 31.71
8
C1)
G)
1 Not computed.
Wages and hours of labor vary in different establishments. Hence
the inclusion or exclusion of an establishment in a group, if the wages
and hours therein differ considerably from the average, may raise or
lower the average for the group. In the above table it is seen that
data for laborers, for instance, are reported for 245 identical estab
WAGES AND HOURS OF LABOR, 1907 TO 1913-----LUMBER.
9
lishments in 1910 and 1911, and for 299 identical establishments in
1911 and 1912. This does not mean, however, that all of the 245
establishments in the former period are included in the 299 reported
in the latter period; 26 dropped out and 80 others were added, hence,
as the average earnings of laborers in the establishments which dropped
out varied from the average of those which were added, the average
earnings for 1911 differed in the two groups of establishments. In
this occupation it is seen that the average full-time weekly earnings
decreased from $10.12 in 1910 to $10.10in 1911, in 245 establishments;
and increased from $9.91 in 1911 to $10.04 in 1912, in the 299 estab
lishments reported. As the two groups of establishments do not show
exactly the same earnings for 1911, it would not be a safe comparison
to state that the earnings decreased from $10.12 in 1910 to $10.04 in
1912. The movement from one year to another is indicated with a
greater degree of certainty by the figures for identical establishments.
The difference between $10.12 and $10.10 represents the decrease from
1910 to 1911, and the difference between $9.91 and $10.04 represents
the increase from 1911 to 1912, as nearly as can be determined from
the data available. In the table the comparable data for identical
establishments are bracketed together.
Owing to variation in the number of establishments from year to
year it is difficult to make a comparison of the actual data over a
period of several years which will give an exact measure of the
changes. To aid in the making of such a comparison relative (or
index) numbers have been computed from the averages in the pre
ceding table for full-time hours per week, rates of wages per hour, and
full-time weekly earnings for each occupation for the years 1910 to
1913, inclusive. These relative or index numbers are simply per
centages in which the figures for 1913 are taken as the base, or 100 per
cent. The relative for each year is the per cent that the average in
that year is of the average for 1913, as determined by the method
explained on page 18. Thus, in the table below, the full-time weekly
earnings of laborers in 1910 were 95.4 per cent of the full-time weekly
earnings in 1913.
It will be observed that the general tendency of the several occu
pations is toward a reduction of working hours and an increase in
rates of wages per hour and of earnings per full week. No data are
available to show the amount of work afforded employees each year
or the variation from year to year. The relative full-time hours per
week indicate the change in the hours of labor of employees working
full time, but do not reflect in any way the greater or less amount of
full-time work afforded. This point is further discussed on page 15.
10
BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS.
RELATIVE FULL-TIME HOURS PER W EEK, RATES OF WAGES PER HOUR, AND
FULL-TIME W EEK LY EARNINGS IN THE PRINCIPAL OCCUPATIONS IN LUMBER
MANUFACTURING, 1910 TO 1913.
(1913= 100.0.)
Doggers.
Year.
Rela- Rela Rela
Rela
tive Rela
tive tive full
tive tive
full- rates time
full rates
time
of
time
of
hours wages week hours wages
ly
per ; per earn
per per
week. hour. ings. week. hour.
1910
1911.... ioo.5 j 97.5 97.9
1912___ 100.3 98.1 98.6
1913.... 100.0 100.0 100.0
Sawyers, circular.
1910___
1911....
1912....
1913....
Edgermen.
100.7 95.9 96.7
100.8 96.2 97.0
100.7 97.2 97.9
100.0 100.0 100.0
Machine feeders,
planing mill.
Laborers.
Rela Rela Rela
tive tive tive
full full
rates
time time
of
week hours wages
ly
per
per
earn week. hour.
ings.
100.5 96.3 96.7
100.5 97.7 98.0
100.3 97.8 98.1
100.0 100.0 100.0
Sawyers, gang.
Rela Rela Rela
tive tive tive
full full
rates
time time
of
week hours wages
ly
per
per
earn week. hour.
ings.
Rela Rela Rela
tive tive tive
full full
rates
time time
of
wesk- hours wages
iy
per
per
earn week. hour.
ings.
100.5 95.1 95.4
100.5 94.8 95.2 100.8 94.2 94.8
100.7 96.0 96.4 100.5 97.2 97.6
100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
Sawyers, resaw.
Sawyers, band.
Setters.
100.2 101.7 101.8
100.5 98.9 99.3 100.0 96.0 96.2 100.7 96.3 96.9
100.5 98.8 99.2 100.0 97.6 97.7 100.5 96.8 97.3
100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
100.3 96.0
100.3 97.9
100.3 98.0
100.0 100.0
Rela
tive
full
time
week
ly
earn
ings.
96.9
98.6
98.7
100.0
Trimmers.
100.3 94.5
100.3 95.6
100.3 96.1
100.0 100.0
94.9
95.9
96.4
100.0
A like table of relative numbers is next shown for the industry as a
whole, as determin3d by a combination of the data for the several
occupations covered. Data were obtained for the principal occupa
tions of the industry but not for all occupations. The method of
computing this table is explained on page 19.
RELATIVE FULL-TIME HOURS PER WEEK, RATES OF WAGES PER HOUR AND FULL
TIME W EEKLY EARNINGS IN LUMBER MANUFACTURING, 1910 TO 1913.
(1913= 100.0.)
Year.
1910...................................
1911...................................
1912...................................
1913...................................
Relative
full-time
hours per
week.
100.5
100.5
100.7
100.0
Relative
rates of
wages per
hour.
94.6
94.9
96.2
100.0
Relative
full-time
weekly
earnings.
94.9
95.3
96.7
100.0
From the table it is seen that the relative or index number for full
time hours per week in lumber manufacturing decreased from 100.5
in 1910 to 100 in 1913, or, in other words, full-time hours per week
in 1910 were 100.5 per cent of what they were in 1913. The relative
or index number for rate of wages per hour increased from 94.6 in
1910 to 100 in 1913. The increase in full-time weekly earnings was
practically the same as the increase in wages per hour, it being from
an index of 94.9 in 1910 to 100 in 1913.
WAGES AND HOURS OF LABOR, 1907 TO 1913-----LUMBER.
11
In examining the relative or index numbers for the several occu
pations and for the industry as a whole in the two tables above,
it will be observed that they have been computed with 1913 taken as
the base, or 100 per cent. In the preceding reports of the Bureau
relating to this industry relative numbers for rates of wages per hour
and for hours of labor per week were presented back to 1890 and the
base, or 100 per cent, was not the average rate of wages per hour or the
average full-time hours per week in any one year, but the average
rate of wages per hour and the average full-time hours per week for
the 10-year period, 1890-1899. The table of such relative numbers
for the years 1890 to 1912 appears on page 154.
There are several reasons for changing the base to the most recent
year.
The primary reason for changing the base to the last available year
is that as the scope of the inquiry has been enlarged in recent years
it has seemed necessary in order to represent the industry adequately
to include additional occupations. As no data were available for
these occupations for 1890 to 1899, no relatives or index numbers
could be computed for them with such period as a base. By using
the last year as a base, however, it is possible to compute relatives
for such additional occupations.
Again, relative or index numbers are most frequently used to com
pare the current year with different preceding years, and generally
with the few years immediately preceding. Probably comparison
between 1913 and 1912 will be made more often than between any
other two years, and a comparison of any relative number with 100
conveys a clearer idea than a comparison with any other number.
For example, the ratio 99.4 : 100 is more clearly grasped than the equal
ratio 154.4 :155.4.
A third reason for achangeof base from 1890-1899 to 1913 is thatany
imperfections of data (due, for example, to a small number of estab
lishments) are carried into the index numbers for the earlier years and
continued when additions are made from year to year. The data for
1913 are the most comprehensive and satisfactory that have been
gathered in any year and the data back to 1910 are more satisfactory
than in the earlier years. This reason for the change of base is
further explained on page 16.
For this Bulletin relative numbers have been computed back to the
year 1910 on the basis of 1913 equal to 100 per cent. They were
not computed for earlier years because data were available from
a very much smaller number of establishments, and further because
of the large amount of work involved. The relative numbers for the
several occupations were computed in both the old and the new
series by the same process, which is explained on page 18 The
relative numbers for the occupations shown in the new series here
12
BU LLETIN OF TH E BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS.
presented differ from tliose of the old series, shown in preceding
reports, because of the change of the base; but the ratio existing
between any two years is the same in both series. The relative
numbers for the industry as a whole have likewise been recomputed
with 1913 as the base.
In addition to making a change of the base year, a change has
also been made in the method of computing the industry relatives;
and, because of this change, the relatives for the industry as a whole
here presented not only differ from the relatives computed by the
old method but show a slightly different ratio of change from year
to year. In Bulletin No. 129 the relative numbers for this industry
were averages of the relative numbers of the several occupations.
For each year, for example, the relative rate of wages per hour of
each occupation was multiplied (weighted) by the number of em
ployees in that occupation. The products thus computed for all occu
pations were added, and the sum divided by the total employees in
all occupations.
In computing the relative numbers from 1910 to 1913 for the
industry as a whole, as presented in this Bulletin, a combination
was made, not of the relative numbers for the several occupations,
but of the actual hours and wages of the several occupations. For
each year the average hours and wages were computed for all em
ployees in all occupations and the average for each preceding year
was compared with the average for 1913 to determine the index.
It was deemed necessary to make this change in method because
a change in the industry is not always accurately reflected by the
relative computed by averaging the occupation relatives. This
reason is more fully explained on page 19.
In addition to the relative numbers shown for the several occupa
tions and for the industry, three tables are here presented showing
the per cent of increase or decrease in full-time hours of labor per
week, rates of wages per hour, and full-time weekly earnings in 1913,
as compared with each preceding year back to 1910. The figures
of these tables are computed from the relative numbers shown on
page 10, and simply reverse the method of comparison. Each of
the three tables also shows the increase or decrease in 1912 as com
pared with 1911, and in 1911 as compared with 1910.
Referring to the third line of the first table, it is seen that the
full-time hours of laborers in 1913 were 0.5 per cent lower than in
1910, 0.5 per cent lower than in 1911, and 0.7 per cent lower than in
1912. Further, it is seen that the full-time hours of labor in this
occupation were 0.2 per cent higher in 1912 than in 1911 and in 1911
the same as in 1910. The other figures of the table are read in like
maimer.
13
WAGES AND HOURS OF LABOR, 1907 TO 1913— LUMBER.
PER CENT OF INCREASE OR DECREASE IN FULL-TIME HOURS PER W EEK, RATES
OF WAGES PER HOUR, AND FULL-TIME W EE K LY EARNINGS, 1913 COMPARED
WITH EACH OF THE 3 YEARS PRECEDING, 1912 COMPARED WITH 1911, AND 1911
COMPARED W ITH 1910.
FULL-TIM E HOURS PER W EEK.
Per cent higher (+ ) or lower (—)
in 1913 than i n -
Per cent higher ( + ) or
lower (—) in—
Occupation.
1910
Doggers..........................................................
Edgermen......................................................
Laborers........................................................
Machine feeders, planing mill......................
Sawyers, band...............................................
Sawyers, circular..........................................
Sawyers, gang...............................................
Sawyers, resaw..............................................
Setters............................................................
Trimmers......................................................
The industry.......................................
1911
C1)
-0 .5
- .5
(2)
- .3
-
.7
.2
1912 than
in 1911
1912
-0 .5
- .5
- .5
- .8
- .3
-0 .3
- .3
- .7
- .5
- .3
1911 than
in 1910
-0 .2
- .2
+ .2
- .3
(8)
(2)
(8)
(8)
(2)
(8)
- .1
(8)
(8)
- .2
(8)
+0.1
+ .3
(2)
(2)
(8)
C1)
- .3
(3)
-
.8
.5
.7*
.3
(3)
-
.7
.5
B
.5
.3
.5
-
.5
-
.7
+ .2
(8)
RATES OF W AGES PER HOUR.
Doggers..........................................................
Edgermen......................................................
Laborers........................................................
Machine feeders, planing mill......................
Sawyers, band..............................................
C1)
+3.8
+5.2
(2)
+4.2
+2.6
+2.4
+5.5
+6.2
+2.1
+1.9
+2.2
+4.2
+2.9
+2.0
+0.6
+ •1
+1.3
+3.2
+ «1
(2)
+1.5
- .3
(2)
+2.0
Sawyers, circular..........................................
Sawyers, gang...............................................
Sawyers, resaw..............................................
Setters............................................................
Trimmers.......................................................
+4.3
~1.7
(*)
(l)
+5.8
+4.0
+1.1
+4.2
+3.8
+4.6
+2.9
+1.2
+2.5
+3.3
+4.1
+1.0
- .1
+1.7
+ .5
+ .5
+ .3
-2 .8
(2)
(2)
+1.2
The industry.......................................
<+5.7
+5.4
+4.0
+1.4
+ .3
FULL-TIME W EEKLY EARNINGS.
Doggers..........................................................
Edgermen......................................................
Laborers........................................................
Machine feeders, planing mill......................
Sawyers, band..............................................
C1)
+3.4
+4.8
(2)
+3.2
+2.1
+2.0
+5.0
+5.5
+1.4
+1.4
+1.9
+3.7
+2.5
+1.3
+0.7
+ *1
+1.3
+3.0
+ .1
(2)
+1.3
- .2
(2)
+1.8
Sawyers, circular..........................................
Sawyers, gang...............................................
Sawyers, resaw..............................................
Setters............................................................
Trimmers......................................................
+3.4
- 1 .8
(2)
C1)
+5.4
+3.1
+ «7
+4.0
+3.2
+4.3
+2.1
+ .8
+2.4
+2.8
+3.7
+ .9
- .1
+1.6
+ .4
+ .5
+ .3
-2 .5
(2)
(2)
+1.1
The industry.......................................
4 +5.4
+4.9
+3.4
+1.5
+ .4
1 Not shown as a separate occupation.
2 No data.
» No change.
* 1910 data for carriage men are not considered or shown in detail in this table, but are considered
and do enter in the figures for 1910 for the industry. Carriage men were divided into doggers and setters
in 1911,1912, and 1913.
14
BU LLETIN OF TH E BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS.
EXPLANATION OF SCOPE AND METHOD.
This report includes establishments engaged in manufacturing
lumber, including planing and kiln drying when carried on in con
nection with the sawmills. The planing is in most cases done imme
diately following and in connection with the sawing of lumber and
is therefore quite properly considered a part of lumber industry.
All information in this report was secured from pay rolls of the
various establishments by the agents of the Bureau. The number
of establishments for which data were secured varied considerably
during the period included in this report as follows:
1907 to 1910.......................................................40 identical establishments.
1910 and 1911..................................................245 identical establishments.
1911 and 1912..................................................301 identical establishments.
1912 and 1913..................................................361 identical establishments.
The data for 1907 to 1911 were secured in 1911 and the number of
establishments included for the full period for 1907 to 1910, inclusive,
was limited owing to the difficulty of finding establishments that had
preserved complete records for those years and also owing to the
large amount of work involved.
The establishments varied from year to year, as establishments go
out of business or cease to be representative and new establishments
must be substituted in the wage study. Occasionally occupations
are dispensed with in a mill or new occupations introduced and some
times data are not available for all occupations desired from a mill.
Data for a group of establishments in any year will not be precisely
the same as for a different group in the same year, even though nearly
all of the establishments may be common to both groups. In using
the actual figures in this report comparison from year to year should
be made only between data coming from identical establishments.
In the tables the data from identical establishments are bracketed
together. Data from an establishment are not included in the report
unless the information for at least two years is available.
In selecting establishments from which to secure data the Bureau
undertook to represent all States in which lumber manufacturing is
of material importance, the measure of importance being the number
of employees reported by the United States Census of Manufactures.
The table which follows shows by States the number of employees in
lumber manufacturing, as reported by the United States Census
Office for 1910, the total number on the pay roll in the establish
ments from which the Bureau secured data for 1913, and the number
in the selected occupations for whom data for 1913 are shown.
WAGES AND HOURS OF LABOR, 1907 TO 1913--- LUMBER.
15
TOTAL NUMBER OF EMPLOYEES IN LUMBER MANUFACTURING AND NUMBER OF
EMPLOYEES IN ESTABLISHMENTS FOR WHICH DATA ARE SHOWN FOR 1913.
Establishments for which data are
shown by the Bureau of Labor
Statistics for 1913.
State.
Number of
employees
reported by
Number of employees—
United
States cen Number of
sus of 1910. establish
For whom
ments.
On pay roll. data are
shown.
Wisconsin...........................................................................
Washington........................................................................
Michigan.............................................................................
Louisiana............................................................................
Arkansas.............................................................................
25,445
41,684
27,325
43,996
31,404
19
25
30
23
19
4,788
6,890
5,908
5,784
5,047
2,370
2,604
2,566
2,864
2,636
Mississippi..........................................................................
Minnesota...........................................................................
Pennsylvania.....................................................................
Georgia...............................................................................
Tennessee............................................................................
32,106
16,650
15,707
18,110
19,233
16
7
19
22
29
3,596
3,464
1,281
2,845
1,849
1,877
1,737
907
1,606
1,209
Alabama.............................................................................
North Carolina...................................................................
California............................................................................
Virginia...............................................................................
20,949
30,534
21,519
15,614
29,758
14
23
12
14
23
2,757
3,352
3,653
2,934
2,567
1,245
2,185
1,601
1,600
1,698
Maine..................................................................................
West Virginia.....................................................................
Florida................................................................................
South Carolina...................................................................
Oregon.................................................................................
13,203
17,629
17,842
13,586
13,460
19
20
12
9
6
1,803
1,903
2,306
2,261
2,104
1,206
1,070
1,250
1,108
989
361
67,092
34,328
Other States1...................................................................
United States...........................................................
81,424
547,178
1 Including States having less than 11,000 each.
According to the census of 1910 more than 85 per cent of the total
number of employees in the industry are found in the States in
which the establishments furnishing information to the Bureau of
Labor Statistics are located.
The number of employees in the establishments from which the
Bureau obtained 1913 data was equal to 12.3 per cent of the total in
the industry in 1910, and the number of such employees for which
the Bureau presents detailed information for 1913 was equal to 6.3
per cent of the total in the industry in 1910.
The pay-roll period taken each year was the one nearest May 15,
except in a very few establishments where abnormal conditions made
it desirable to take a pay roll for some other time of the year.
The full-time hours of labor per week shown in the tables of the
report are the regular full-time hours of work of the occupation under
normal conditions in the establishment. The working time is the
hours on duty including intervals of waiting for work. The full
time hours per week and the relatives based thereon do not in any
way indicate the extent of unemployment. Employees may work
overtime, or broken time, or be laid off, or a temporary reduction
may be made in working hours, without such change affecting the
full-time hours per week, as presented in this Bulletin.
16
BU LLETIN OF TH E BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS.
The rates of wages per hour appearing in the tables include the
wages of time workers and the earnings of the few pieceworkers
found amongst laborers in two establishments. All time rates by
the day or week have been reduced to rates per hour, and the earn
ings of pieceworkers have been reduced to rates per hour, by dividing
the earnings by the hours worked. The time workers and piece
workers are combined in one group.
The full-time weekly earnings are the earnings per week of employ
ees working full time, or the earnings on broken time reduced to
equivalent earnings for a full week. In considering changes in full
time earnings per week, notice should also be taken of changes in full
time hours of labor per week.
The averages of full-time hours per week, rates of wages per hour,
and full-time weekly earnings are computed by adding the data for
each individual employee and dividing the total by the number of
employees.
It will be observed that the average full-time weekly earnings gen
erally are not exactly the same as the result that would be obtained
by multiplying the average rate per hour by the average hours per
week, owing to the fact that hourly rates for individual employees
are based on varying hours per week, which has the effect of changing
the relative weighting of the wages of the several employees. A
hypothetical illustration shows the difference.
Full-time
hours per
week.
Rates of
wages per
week.
Rates of
wages per
hour.
Employees:
1.................................
1.................................
1.................................
1.................................
48
54
54
60
$15.00
14.00
16.00
12.00
$0.3125
.2593
.2963
.2000
Total (4)...............
Average...........................
216
54
57.00
14.25
1.0681
.2670
The product of $0.2670 multiplied by 54 is $14.42, while the aver
age earnings per week is $14.25.
The change of the basis of comparison in computing the relative
or index numbers from the average of 1890-1899 to 1913 is in part
explained on page 11.
One of the reasons for the change of the base from 1890-1899 to
the last year is that any imperfections in the data for earlier years are
continued and compounded in the relative numbers when additions
are made from year to year to an old series of relative numbers.
The data for the period 1890-1899 were obtained mostly in 1901
from old and often incomplete pay rolls, and it was sometimes diffi
cult to classify properly the employees into the several occupations.
WAGES AND HOURS OF LABOR, 1907 TO 1913— LUMBER.
17
For the 10-year period, 1890-1899, data were obtained from only
56 establishments, while data were obtained for 1912 and 1913 from
361 establishments. The number of establishments varied in the
intervening years. While the average of 56 establishments possibly
might have been a fairly acceptable base, the average of more than
six times as many establishments recently canvassed becomes more
nearly representative of the industry, and thus a more satisfactory
base. Data are available from 301 establishments for 1911 and 1912
and from 245 establishments for 1910 and 1911.
Were the relative numbers for the occupations recomputed back
to 1890 with 1913 as the base, any imperfections in the data for the
earlier years would of course be carried into the index numbers for
those years, but would not appear in the index numbers for the later
years.
With either period as the base, the relative numbers would show
with the same degree of accuracy the trend from one year to the
next. With 1890-1899 as the base, however, any fault in the rela
tive number for the early years is continued and the relative for 1913
will be at fault. But with the last year as the base, the relative
number for any of the recent years is as nearly accurate and repre
sentative as the data collected for such years, and does not retain in
itself because of a faulty base any imperfections of data gathered in
the earlier years. In one series, the relative number, if beginning in
fault, continues in fault even though the data of later years be
entirely satisfactory. In the other series with the large volume of
data for 1913 as the base, any weakness of earlier years does not
appear except in such years.
To illustrate the change in the relatives produced by the change of
base, relative full-time hours of labor and relative rates of wages per
hour of band sawyers for the years 1910 to 1913 are given in the table
following, computed with 1913 as the base, and with the average
1890-1899 as the base, so that the relative numbers computed on
the two bases may be compared.
RELATIVE FULL-TIME HOURS PER W EE K AND RATE OF WAGES PER HOUR OF
BAND SAWYERS COMPUTED ON TWO BASES: AVERAGE 1890-1899*100 AND 1913=100.
Relative full-time
hours per week.
Year.
1910..............
1911..............
1912..............
1913..............
Relative,
Relative,
Relative.
Relative.
average
average 1913
equals 1890-1899
equals
1890-1899 1913100.
100.
equals 100.
equals 100.
96.6
96.6
96.6
96.3
45410°—Bull. 153—14------2
Relative rate of wages
per hour.
100.3
100.3
100.3
100.0
135.9
138.5
138.7
141.6
96.0
97.9
98.0
100.0
18
BULLETIN OF TH E BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS.
The first column of relative numbers indicates that the hours per
week in 1910 were 96.6 per cent of the average hours in the period
1890-1899, while the next column shows the hours in 1910 to be
100.3 per cent of the hours in 1913. Both series of relatives indi
cate the same change from 1910 to 1913, each making a decrease of
0.3 per cent.
The first series of relative wages per hour shows an increase from
relative 135.9 in 1910 to relative 141.6 in 1913, an increase of 4.2
per cent. The second series shows an increase from 96 in 1910 to
100 per cent in 1913, an increase of 4.2 per cent, or identically the
same per cent of increase as in the other series.
The relative rates of wages per hour and the relative full-time
hours per week from 1890 to 1912 on the basis of 1890-1899 equal
to 100, published in Bulletin No. 129 are reproduced in this Bulletin
on pages 151 to 156.
Relative or index numbers for the several occupations and for
the industry as a whole from 1910 to 1913 are presented on page 10.
The method of computing such relative or index numbers for an
occupation can best be explained by an illustration. The rates of
wages per hour of edgermen are taken as an example.
Number
of identi
cal establishments.
f
Rate of wages per hour.................................................. \
I
Relative rate of wages per hour computed therefrom
Rate of wages per hour in identical establishments
covering the full four years........................................
Relative rate of wages per hour computed therefrom
245
299
361
201
Year.
1910
1911
$0.2553
$0.2589
.2599
96.3
97.7
$0.2601
.2617
97.8
$0.2677
100.0
.2546
96.3
.2580
97.6
.2590
98.0
.2644
100.0
1912
1913
The rate per hour for 1913 is taken as the base (100), then $0.2617
divided by $0.2677 equals 97.8, the relative for 1912. The ratio of 1911
to 1912 is $0.2599 to $0.2601. The relative for 1912 just determined,
97.8, multiplied by $0.2599, divided by $0.2601 equals 97.7, the rela
tive for 1911. The ratio of 1910 to 1911 is $0.2553 to $0.2589. The
relative for 1911, 97.7, multiplied by $0.2553, divided by $0.2589
equals 96.3, the relative for 1910.
This method of computing relative numbers over a period of years,
as illustrated above, is used because of the changes which occur in
the number of establishments.
A method of computing a series of relative numbers should take
into account changes in establishments from year to year, as changes
naturally occur, some establishments discontinuing operations or
ceasing to be representative, and new establishments entering the
WAGES AND HOURS OF LABOR, 1907 TO 1913-----LUMBER.
19
field. The method explained above, bringing in the new establish
ments, has been followed in computing the relatives in this report.
Otherwise no use could have been made in the index of the data from
the additional establishments obtained for the later years.
Of the 245 establishments reporting data for 1910-11, 44 dropped
out later and only 201 reported for the entire period. The average
rates of wages per hour for the 201 establishments reporting for the
entire period are shown also in the above table, with relatives com
puted therefrom. As might be expected, these relatives differ from
the relatives based on the greater number of establishments. Pre
sumptively they are not as nearly representative as are the relatives
based on the greater number of establishments, but they are given
here as an illustration of the difference shown by relatives based on
different amounts of data.
Data concerning rates of wages and hours of labor for the period
1907 to 1910, being available from a preceding Bulletin, are here repro
duced, but, as before stated, owing to the small number of establish
ments in that period, and limited funds, it has not been deemed advis
able to compute relative numbers therefor, and average full-time
weekly earnings have not been computed for that period.
A word of caution is given as to the use of relative numbers. The
per cent of increase or decrease from one year to another is not the
difference between the relative numbers for the years. Thus, in the
table above, the relative rate of wages per hour increased from 96.3
in 1910 to 100 in 1913, an increase in the relative of 3.7 over the rela
tive 96.3, making an increase of 3.8 per cent.
While the base for the computation of the relative numbers for the
several occupations has been changed from the average of 1890-1899
to 1913, the method of computation has remained the same.
The relative numbers for the industry as a whole, however, have
been computed for this Bulletin not only with a change of base but
in a different manner than for preceding Bulletins and hence may be
expected to show some variations in results. The change is referred
to on page 12. The relative numbers for the industry published in
Bulletin No. 129 were computed from the relative numbers of the
several occupations. The relative numbers for the industry here
presented, covering 1910 to 1913, are computed directly from the
average hours of labor, rates of wages per hour, and weekly earnings
of all employees in all occupations combined. In other words, the
relatives for the industry as a whole have been computed for this
report in the same manner as the relatives for each occupation.
It was deemed necessary to make this change because by this method
the changes in the industry are more accurately reflected by the rela
tive thus computed than by computing the industry relative from
the relatives of the several occupations.
20
BULLETIN OF TH E BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS.
The following table for a hypothetical industry illustrates how a
change in the industry as a whole may not be reflected by a combina
tion of the relatives of the occupations:
Actual wages.
1912
Occupation.
Occupation A ...............................................
Occupation B ...............................................
1913
Rate of
Em
per
ployees. wages
day.
20
20
Aggre
gate.
$1.20
3.60
40
Total..................................................
Avp.rae^A
_____________________
Relative
........................................................
J.............
|
Rate of
Em
per
ployees. wages
day.
$24.00
72.00
30
10
96.00
2.40
120.0
40
1,800
1,800
30
10
3,600
90.0
40
$1.33§
4.00
Aggre
gate.
$40.00
40.00
80.00
2.00
100.0
Relative wages.
20
Occupation A ...............................................
...............................................
Occupation B 20
Total...................................................
Average.........................................................
40
90
90
100
100
3.000
1.000
4.000
100.0
In this hypothetical table it is assumed that there were two occu
pations, A and B. Each occupation received an advance of wages in
1913, but there was a change in the number of employees in the two
occupations, a larger proportion of lower skilled employees being
employed.
The average rate of wages of both occupations combined in 1912
was $2.40 and in 1913 it was $2. Taking 1913 as the base, the rela
tive for the industry for 1912 would be 120. On the other hand, com
puting the relative for each occupation, combining the relatives, and
making the average thereof, the relative for 1912 is 90 as against 100
for 1913. Computed from occupation relatives, the relative rate of
wages for the industry appears to increase from 90 to 100, while the
relative for the industry as a whole, computed from the average rates,
because of the change in number of employees in the occupations,
actually decreased from 120 to 100.
The general tendency of many industries is toward an increase in
the proportion of unskilled or low skilled employees to highly skilled
employees, because of specialization and the increasing efficiency of
machinery.
Even though it were possible to cover the same number of estab
lishments each year, it would not be possible to cover identical estab
lishments for a considerable number of years, as firms go out of
business or for some reason it becomes impossible to get acceptable
data from some firms. The desire of the Bureau is to enlarge the
scope of the study from time to time by covering a larger number of
WAGES AND HOURS OF LABOR, 1907 TO 1913-----LUMBER.
21
establishments. In computing the relative from year to year, it is
necessary, therefore, to use the method described on page 18, group
ing the data for identical establishments in groups of two or more
years as available. This method is necessary whether the industry
relative be computed from the actual average wages and hours of all
occupations or an average of the relatives of all occupations.
In the necessary use of the method described, a material statistical
error may result if the industry relative is computed from the rela
tives of the occupations instead of the average for the industry. If
the establishments should remain identical through a period of a few
years and wages and hours in a later year return to the same wages
and hours as in a preceding year, industry relatives computed
from actual averages will be the same for the same averages occurring
in the different years. If, however, the industry relative be computed
from the relatives of the several occupations, like averages will not
be represented by like relatives.
The subject is illustrated in the table below, showing a hypothetical
industry of three occupations, A, B, and C, of one employee each.
1911
Occupation.
Em
ployees.
(1)
(2)
(4)
$1.00
2.00
3.00
100.00
80.00
66.67
3
6.00
Total..................................
1
2.00
Average.......................................
Relative computed from occu pation relatives by
method described. 1913 equa] slOO..........................
Relative average rate 1911 ($2) compared with averacrft ratft 1912
_________
Relative computed from average rate of all occupa
tions. 1913 equals 100...............................................
246.67
82.22
A...................................................
B..................................................
c .......................................................
1913
Relative
Relative
as Rate of wage, as Rate of
Rate of wage,
com
com
wages per pared wages per pared
wages per Relative
wage.
day.
day.
day.
with
with
1912.
1913.
(3)
1
1
1
1912
102.78
(5)
$1.00
2.50
4.50
8.00
2.66§
(7)
(8)
100.00
125.00
150.00
$1.00
2.00
3.00
100.00
100.00
100.00
375.00
125.00
6.00
2.00
300.00
100.00
(6)
125.00
100.00
133.33
100.00
75.00
100.00
In this table column 7 shows the wages of each employee in 1913,
and the average wages, $2. Columns 3 and 5 show the detailed wages
and average wages in 1911 and 1912, respectively. Column 8 shows
the relative wages with 1913 as the base (100). Column 6 shows the
relative wage of each occupation for 1912 as compared with 1913 and
the average of such relatives, namely, 125. Column 4 shows the rela
tives for 1911 as compared with 1912 and the average of such relatives
namely, 82.22.
Below the line of the average is the relative for the industry as
computed from the averages of the several occupation relatives by
22
BU LLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS.
the method explained on page 18, with 1913 equal to 100. The
relative for 1912 is 125 as compared with 1913. Computing 82.22
per cent of 125 produces the relative 102.78, the relative for 1911 on
the basis of 1913 equal to 100. Thus, the relative for the industry
computed from the relatives of the occupations, beginning with 1913
as 100 and working back to 1911, are: 1913 equals 100; 1912 equals
125; 1911 equals 102.78. The actual average wages, however, are:
$2, $2.66§, and $2. Thus, the same average wage for the industry is
not represented by the same relative.
Comparing $2.66§, the average rate for 1912, with $2, the average
rate for 1913, the relative is found to be 133.33. Comparing the
average rate for 1911 ($2) with the average rate for 1912 ($2.66§), the
relative is 75, and 75 per cent of 133.33, the relative for 1912, is 100,
the relative for 1911 on the basis of 1913 equal to 100, as computed
by the described method from the average wages of the industry.
Thus, the illustration shows that the industry relative computed
from the average wages for the industry by the described method in
identical establishments gives like industry relatives for like industry
averages, but that if the industry relative be computed from the
relatives of the several occupations, the industry relative may not be
the same for the same average wages for the industry in another year.
The industry relatives given in this Bulletin have been computed
from the actual average full-time hours per week, rates of wages per
hour, and full-time weekly earnings for all employees reported for
the industry in the same manner as for each separate occupation.
While this method always produces like relatives to represent like
actual wages* and hours when applied to the data for two groups of
establishments, both having one and the same average for any year, it
must not be understood that the like relatives will appear for the same
concrete numbers when the relatives are computed from data where
different groups of establishments show different averages for one
and the same year.
Thus, on page 18 it is shown that the relative rate per hour in 1910
as computed through successive pairs of comparable data is 96.3,
although $0.2553, the average rate for 1910 in 245 establishments, is
95.4 per cent of $0.2677, the average rate shown for 1913 in 361
establishments.
The relative numbers for the lumber manufacturing industry,
computed by both methods, are brought into comparison in the table
given below. It will be observed that the results obtained by the
two methods differ to some extent.
WAGES AND HOURS OF LABOR, 1907 TO 1913-----LUMBER.
23
RELATIVE FULL-TIME HOURS PER W EEK AND RATES OF WAGES PER HOUR IN
THE LUMBER-MANUFACTURING INDUSTRY COMPUTED ON TWO BASES: 1913=100
AND AVERAGE 1890-1899=100.
Method used in this report, 1913
equals 100.
Year.
1910.................................................................
1911.................................................................
1912.................................................................
1913.................................................................
Relative
full-time
hours per
week.
Relative
rates of
wages per
hour.
100.5
100.5
100.7
100.0
94.6
94.9
96.2
100.0
Relative
full-time
weekly
earnings.
94.9
95.3
96.7
100.0
Method used in preced
ing report, average
1890-1899 equals 100.
Relative
full-time
hours per
week.
96.5
S6.5
96.6
C1)
Relative
rates of
wages per
hour.
130.0
129.9
131.5
C1)
i Not computed.
The figures computed according to the present method show an
increase of relative hours of labor from 100.5 in 1910 to 100.7 in 1912,
an increase of 0.2 per cent. The figures by the other method show
an increase of relative hours from 96.5 in 1910 to 96.6 in 1912, or
0.1 per cent.
Relative rates of wages per hour computed by the present method
show an increase from relative 94.6 in 1910 to 96.2 in 1912, an increase
of 1.7 per cent. According to the figures by the other method, the
increase was from 130 in 1910 to 131.5 in 1912, an increase of 1.2
per cent. Relative full-time earnings were not computed by the
other method.
In addition to the text tables presented in the summary, 7 general
tables are given, namely:
Table I.—Average and classified rates of wages per hour in the
United States, by years, 1907 to 1913.
Table II.—Average and classified rates of wages per hour in each
year, by States, 1912 and 1913.
Table III.—Average and classified rates of wages per hour in each
State, by years, 1912 and 1913.
Table IV.—Average and classified full-time hours of work per
week in the United States, by years, 1907 to 1913.
Table V.—Average and classified full-time hours of work per
week in each year, by States, 1912 and 1913.
Table VI.— Average and classified full-time hours of work per
week in each State, by years, 1912 and 1913.
Table VII.—Average full-time hours of work per week and average
full-time weekly earnings, by States, 1912 and 1913.
In Tables I and IV, in addition to actual data, percentages com
puted therefrom are given. The data from these two tables are
summarized in the text table on pages 6 to 8.
When sufficient data for a State are available to warrant presen
tation, such data are presented by States in Tables II, III, V, and
VI. Tables III and VI repeat the data for the several States given
in Tables II and V rearranged for the convenience of the reader.
24
BULLETIN OF TH E BUBEAU OF LABOR STATISTICS.
DESCRIPTION OF PRINCIPAL PRODUCTIVE OCCUPATIONS.
The lumber industry as treated in this report, begins with the work
on the log pond and ends with the delivery of the finished product to
the carrier for shipment.
Considerable difference in equipment and method of operation
exists in the various sections of the country, due in part to the size
of the logs, the size of the plant, and also to some extent to the nature
of the output; that is, whether largely boards, largely timbers, or a
fair proportion of each.
The equipment of a sawmill consists of several or all of the follow
ing: Band saw, circular saw, gang saw, resaw, edger, trimmer, and
slasher. The band saw is a steel band or belt having a saw-tooth edge.
This saw is operated over two wheels, one above and the other below
the saw deck. The circular saw is a disk with the cutting teeth on
the perimeter. The gang saw is a set of several straight saws set
parallel in a frame, which frame operates up and down as the cant is
propelled through it.
The band saw is much thinner than the circular and slightly thinner
than the gang, and therefore makes less waste in sawdust and a cor
respondingly greater marketable output from a given log. The
resaw is used to saw boards from slabs, to separate into halves the
thicker boards, to standardize boards of odd sizes, to cut boards
having a bad side to give a clear board, and to increase capacity.
The selected occupations for which data as to wages and hours of
labor are compiled by the Bureau are as follows:
Sawyers, circular.
Sawyers, gang.
Sawyers, resaw.
Setters.
Trimmer operators.
Edgermen.
Laborers.
Machine feeders planing mill.
Sawyers, band.
The work of these occupations is performed exclusively by males.
A description of the occupations follows.
DOGGERS.
The dogger works on the carriage. He secures the log in place by
means of barbs or “ dogs” located in the headblocks of the carriage.
These “ dogs” are operated through levers, by which a downward
movement drives them into the log and secures it in place, while an
upward movement releases it for turning, etc. In the reports for the
years 1907-1911 the occupation term carriage men was used to desig
nate the men working on the carriage, including both doggers and
setters.
WAGES AN D HOURS OF LABOR, 1907 TO 19-13— LUMBER.
25
EDGERMEN.
The edger is a machine having adjustable saws, used to remove
the rough edges from the boards and to reduce them to specified
widths. The duties of the edgerman are to adjust the saws of the
edger to cut the desired widths and to feed the boards into the machine.
He inspects the boards to determine the width and adjusts the saws
by means of levers.
LABORERS.
This occupation includes the following subdivisions:
In sawmill:
Cant setters.
Deck men.
Dock men.
Edger helpers.
Edger tailers.
Gang tailers.
Pond men.
Resaw tailers or off-bearers.
Saw tailers.
Sawyer helpers, resaw.
Sizer men.
Slasher men.
Sorters.
Stackers, kiln, shed, yard.
Transfer men.
Trimmer loaders.
Truckers, shed, yard.
Unstackers.
In planing mill:
Feeder helpers.
Loaders, buggy, dolly, truck, and
railroad car.
Off-bearers or machine tailers.
Setters, truck or dolly.
Shed men.
Tiers or tiers-up.
Truckers.
Cant setters,—The work of the cant setter is that of placing the
cants in position for the gang saw. A cant is a log from which two
slabs have been sawed from two opposite sides. If the cants, are made
from small logs they may be piled one on top of another to a height that
will barely pass through the machine, and the cants are also placed
side by side to make up the desired width. The logs are moved over
rolls as a rule and the work is mainly done by hand with the aid
of cant hooks and bars. A few plants have a power crane which is
used in setting heavy cants.
Declc men.—The duties of the deck men are to keep the logs straight
on the log deck and to roll them down for loading on the carriage.
The deck inclines downward to the carriage in order that gravity may
do a good deal of the work of rolling down, but irregularities in the
logs make the work of the deck men necessary.
Dock men.—Usually the men who handle the timbers going
directly from the sawmill to the timber dock as well as those working
on the dock and at loading are called dock men. It is not uncommon
for the dock men to be known by different names suggested by the
particular part of the work they do. The men who come immediately
after the live rolls and are the first ones to handle timbers leaving the
26
BU LLETIN OF TH E BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS.
mill are sometimes called butting saw men. The men who move the
timbers over the rolls from the sawmill to the yard are called roll men
or roller men. Those working immediately on the dock may be
called skid men and loaders.
«, Edger helpers.—In large mills the edgerman has one or more
helpers whose duty it is to place the boards in such position on the
edger table that the edgerman may readily inspect them and be able
to adjust his machine without loss of time.
Edger tatters.—These employees are stationed beside the live rolls
behind the edger and remove the strips or edgings to the slasher
conveyor. This conveyor runs beneath the edger roll table and at
right angles to it, so the edgings are simply pulled off the side of the
roll table and dropped on the conveyor.
Gang tatters.—The men who work behind the gang saw and take
care of the product of that machine are called tailers. They pick
out the shims, bark, and other material that becomes entangled or
gets in the way, keep the boards in position if they tend to fall down,
and, when the sawing is completed, transfer them to the edger. The
work is all done by hand except the transferring, which is done by
live rolls controlled by a lever.
Pond men.—The men working on the pond, or pound as it is some
times called, propel the logs to the foot of the incline and start them
on the chain which carries them up to the log deck in the mill. They
stand on a board walk barely above the surface of the pond, on a
small flatboat, or even on the floating logs themselves to do their
work, and use a pike pole with which to propel the logs. Inci
dentally, these men raise the logs which may have sunk in the pond
and carry them to the chain by supporting them on the surface of the
water.
Resaw tatters.—These men work behind the resaw, take the waste
material from the roll table and place it on the conveyor beneath.
If a given slab is capable of yielding another board, it is placed on
another conveyor, which returns it to the front of the resaw.
Saw tatters.—The slabs, the boards, and the timbers must be
removed promptly from the band and circular saws and the accom
plishment of this work is the chief duty of the saw tailer. The actual
removal of the material is achieved by “ live rolls,” but some of the
material takes a diagonal position on the rolls as it falls from the
saw, and the saw tailer must straighten this so that it will go straight
over them. To do this he uses a short-handled, sharp-pointed hook,
with which he catches the rear end of the timber, board, or slab, and
moves it toward or from him, as the case may be, so that it will
run straight. Slabs do not run well over the rolls with the bark side
down, so the saw tailer, using his hook, gives the slab a quick pull
from the lower edge just as it is cut off and causes it to fall face down.
WAGES AND HOURS OF LABOR, 1907 TO 1913— LUMBER.
27
The boards are transferred from the live rolls by this employee by
means of two levers. The one lifts a stop on the roll table and bars
the progress of the boards, while the other lifts a set of transfer
chains which run across the live rolls and pick up the boards and
deposit them in front of the edger. In some cases the saw tailer
also removes the slabs from the live rolls to the slasher conveyor
with the same kind of device used for transferring the boards to the
edger. In other cases this work is done by the slasher man. A
band mill has a guide through which the band saw runs to hold it
steady and causes it to run true through the log. The position of
this guide is immediately above the log and of course to meet this
demand the guide must be adjustable. It is the duty of the saw
tailer to adjust this guide, which he does with a lever. This duty
does not apply in the case of a circular saw, but every other duty of
the tailer is the same in both types of mill.
Sawyer heifers, resaw.— When conditions demand it, one helper or
more assists the sawyer in placing the slabs in position on the
resaw table.
Sizer men.—All of the employees under this occupation name are
timber handlers. The timbers are carried from the sawmill over the
dead rolls to the sizer, which reduces the timber to exact size, and
thence to the ramps or timber dock.
Slasher men.—The slabs and edgings are thrown on a conveyor
and carried laterally through the slasher, where they are cut into
4-foot lengths. An employee who attends this conveyor and keeps
the material going smoothly is called a slasher man.
Sorters.— These employees stand alongside the sorting chain or
table, each one taking off a specified grade and placing it on the
trucks or dollies.
Stackers, Min.— The stacking by hand for the kilns is done in
the same manner as the yard stacking, but this work when done by
machine or patent stacker, as it is frequently called, is quite a different
work, yet it is not skilled labor. The power stacker is a chain
transfer apparatus which stacks the boards automatically and
requires a smaller number of employees to handle the output of a
mill than is necessary to do the work by hand. The movements
of the machine are controlled by a lever, and when one layer has been
placed it is stopped, the strips laid, the machine started again and
another layer placed; in this way the operation is repeated until a
full car is stacked.
Stackers, shed.-^-The shed stackers take care of the storing of the
kiln-dried lumber. They stack or pile the product in the shed, work
ing in somewhat the same way as the stackers in the yard, except
that no transverse strips are placed between successive layers of
boards.
28
BULLETIN OF TH E BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS.
Stackers, yard.—This is the work of storing the lumber in the yard
for air drying. The men work in pairs, one, standing on the stack
which he is building, receives the boards from the other, who stands
on the ground and passes the boards to him one by one. In piling
transverse sticks are placed at intervals between the layers of lumber
in order to permit the passage of air through the piles and thus expe
dite the drying. An occasional mill delivers the lumber to the yard
on wagons, dumping it in the driveway. It is then piled against the
stack upon which it is to be placed. This work is also called stacking.
Transfer men.—Between the live-roll tables and the trimmer is a
chain transfer or conveyor which delivers the product in front of the
trimmer and one man usually attends this for the purpose of disen
gaging entangled boards. He is sometimes called conveyor man.
Following the work of sorting, the lumber is sometimes handled on
a transfer car, and employees handling this work are called transfer
men. This work differs from that of the transfer man inside the mill.
The transfer car runs on a track parallel to the sorting table and in a
depression which brings the top of the car on a level with the floor
upon which the trucks stand. These are on tracks running at right
angles to the sorting table, and there are corresponding tracks across
the top of the transfer car. Transfer men remove the trucks to the
transfer car and by it carry them either to the desired track leading
to the yard, or to some other place from which the trucks can be
taken by team to the yard. There is also a similar track arrange
ment and transfer car between the sorting table or stacker and the
kiln. The cars in both these cases are usually moved by hand and
the operators are called transfer men.
Trimmer loaders.—The chain transfer which conveys the lumber
to the trimmer ends at the front of the trimmer. Two men, called
trimmer loaders, stand here on opposite sides of the conveyor and lift
the lumber from the conveyor to the trimmer. They place it so that
it will be drawn to the saws regularly and in position to be trimmed
most economically.
Other employees are engaged behind the trimmer to keep the prod
uct running smoothly on the sorting chain and the waste going into
the burner conveyor.
From the trimmer the product passes over a long sorting table, or
sorting chain, as it is frequently called, and one or more laborers are
usually employed on this to take care of entanglements and move
short stock over to one side.
Truckers, shed.—Trucking to the shed is handwork and consists
of moving the loaded trucks from the kilns to the dry shed.
Truckers, yard.— These employees move the loaded trucks from
the sorting chain to the yard.
WAGES AND HOURS OF LABOR, 1907 TO 1913-----LUMBER.
29
Unstackers.— After the cars of dry lumber have been removed from
the kilns, the unstackers remove it to the trucks preparatory to
carrying to the dry shed for storage or to the planing mill for further
manufacture. A few mills do unstacking mechanically.
If the entire product of the mill goes through the kilns it may not
be graded while green, but after being dried. In this case the un
stackers place the lumber on the head end of a sorting chain or table
and it is then graded and sorted in the same manner as at the green
sorting chain behind the trimmer. In this way there may be graders
and sorters at the kilns.
Feeder helpers.—When heavy stock is being planed, the feeder
has an assistant called a helper. He aids the feeder in placing the
lumber in position for the machine. He incidentally learns the work
of feeding and may succeed to that position.
Loaders, truck or dolly and railroad car.—Lumber is placed on trucks
or dollies for transportation about the plant and on railroad cars for
shipment by men designated as loaders.
Off-bearers or machine tailers.—If the machine is turning out
material that does not require grading an employee called a taller or
off-bearer stands behind it and removes the product.
Setters, truck or dolly.—This work is that of the common laborer,
and consists of removing the empty truck and placing the loaded one
in position for the machine feeder.
Shed men.—Lumber which is not for immediate shipment is stored
in a shed built for this purpose, and is stacked therein by men called
shed men or shed stackers.
Tiers or tiers-up.—Molding and light boards, such as ceiling and
flooring, are usually tied in small bundles, and this work constitutes
the duty of the tier. The grader places the material in racks in the
desired quantity for a bundle and the tier secures the bundle with
short pieces of tarred cord and places it on a dolly.
Truckers.— The employees in this occupation move the loaded
hand trucks from place to place about the plant as conditions may
demand. In some cases the same crew may do both loading and
trucking.
MACHINE FEEDERS, PLANING MILL.
The work of the feeder is that of taking the lumber from the
truck or dolly and feeding it into the machine. His skill lies in
his ability to determine quickly the position that the board should
be given in order to get the best results. It frequently happens
that he must turn the board over or even turn it end for end. On
what are known as slow machines it is possible for the feeder to place
the boards in position to get the very best results and highest grade
of product, but a feeder of a fast machine must place the boards
practically as they come to him.
30
B U LLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS.
SAWYERS, BAND OR CIRCULAR.
The duties of the sawyer are the same in both the band and cir
cular mill. He controls the movements of the carriage holding
the log and also the “ nigger,” a power appliance used to turn the
log on the carriage. In this work he uses levers, and his efficiency
depends upon his ability to make the movements of the carriage
prompt and uniform, as well as to make the manipulation of the
“ nigger” sure and timely, and above all to determine how to saw the
log with the least waste and get from it the most desirable size and
quality of lumber. The successful working of the entire plant
depends upon the sawyer more than upon any other one wageworker
in the mill, possibly with the exception of the filer. The setter and
the dogger work under the sawyer’s direction.
SAWYERS, GANG.
The duties of the gang sawyer are to adjust the pressure rolls
which hold the logs in position for the gang saw and to regulate the
feed of the machine. Large cants may be sawed singly, but small
ones are stacked one on top of another and side by side to make a
load as large as can be put through the machine. When the cants
have been placed in position the sawyer, by use of a lever, lowers the
pressure rolls which lie on top of the cants and hold them firmly
in position as they pass through the machine. The rolls upon which
the cants lie drive them through the machine. By the use of another
lever the speed of the feed is controlled; if the timber is hard or the
load especially large the feed may be slower, while if the timber is
soft or the load small the feed may be faster.
SAWYERS, RESAW.
Some mills conserve a part of the waste by resawing all slabs that
are thick enough to make one or more short boards, while others
relieve their band or circular saw by making the boards double the
desired thickness and reducing this heavy stock by the resaw. The
resaw sawyer has charge of the operation of resawing. A horizontal
band saw is usually used for resawing slabs and a vertical band saw
for resawing heavy lumber.
SETTERS.
The setter works on the carriage. It is his duty to move the log
into position for each successive line to be sawed. This is usually
handwork and is accomplished by means of a ratchet connected with
the headblocks by a shaft and cogs. The ratchet is turned by a
lever and has a graduated dial and indicator by which the setter
determines when the log is in position for the desired cut. In some
mills the ratchet is moved by steam power, the setter controlling
the power by a lever. (See also doggers.)
WAGES AND HOURS OF LABOR, 1907 TO 1913-----LUMBER.
31
TRIMMER OPERATORS.
The trimmer is a machine used to cut boards to standard length
and to square the ends of them. It has saws set at intervals of 2
feet across and above or below the surface of the machine. The board
goes across the machine sidewise, and such saw as is desired to cut
the board is raised into position by the operator.
This employee usually occupies a pulpit located several feet in
front of the trimmer and immediately over the conveyor. He
accomplishes his work in different ways, depending on the construc
tion of the machine. Some have cords properly attached with
ends hanging in front of the operator, who pulls the cord control
ling the saw which he desires to bring into operation; some have
levers which accomplish the same work; while others have a key
board and keys communicating pneumatically with the mechanism
of the machine. In a small mill the saw operator helps to load the
trimmer and operates the saws by means of foot levers located near
the floor at the loader’s position.
32
BULLETIN OF TH E BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS.
T a b l e I . — A V E R A G E A N D C LA SSIFIE D R ATE S OF W A G ES P ER H O U R IN
T H E U N IT E D STA TES, B Y Y E A R S , 1907 TO 1913.
[The figures set opposite each bracketed group of years are for identical establishments.]
NUMBER.
Employees earning each classified rate of wages per hour.
Num
Occupation, and
ber of
number of es Year. emtablishments.
pioy-
Average
full
time
hours
per
week.
Carriage men:
1907
1908
1909
1910
41 establish
ments.
245 establish
ments.
Doggers:
273 establish
ments.
208
201
195
215
Aver
age
rate
of
wages
per
hour.
Un
der
10
cts.
60.7 $0.2184
.2074
60.
60.8 .2115
60.7 .2196
10
and
un
der
12
cts.
12
and
un
der
14
cts.
14
and
un
der
16
cts.
16
and
un
der
18
cts.
18
and
un
der
20
cts.
3
3
12
18
19
18
16
15
13
13
20
28
29
19
13
22
10
10
20
and
un
der
25
cts.
68
60
63
78
25 30 1 40 50
and and and and 60
un un un un cts.
der der der der and
30 40 50 60 over.
cts. cts. cts. cts.
62
42
47
64
14
13
14
13
/1910
\1911
i,r~
1,327
61.4
61.3
.2088
.2119
1
1
27
25
173
151
116
126
192
170
73
68
349 244 151
332 261 163
/1911
\1912
852
61.5
61.4
.1791
.1803
2
28
25
171
148
116
128
146
162
51
66
274
278
64
62
31
18
154
119
152
172
174
162
73
71
315
296
72
92
2
7
I
1
2
4
3
4
7
8
6
4
3
2
3
12
16
15
14
32
33
31
30
19
12
14
23
J
l!
1'
2
1
17
20
33
22
114 217 151
107 208 162
7
9
1
1
21
19
31
34
1?9 257 185
124 264 184
16
17
1
1
20
24
33
36
136 295 198
114 287 230
22
26;
1
1
334 establish /1912
ments.
\1913
Edgermen:
:1907
41
establish 1908
ments.
1909
1910
973
245 establish /1910
ments.
\1911
585
299 establish /1911
\1912
ments.
61.4
61.2
.1810
.1845 * 2
1
1
j
79 60.7
78 60.7
77 60.7
84 60.7
.2535
.2457
.2481
.2647
2
2
2
61.2
61.2
.2553
----
2
2
17
17
684
61.3
61.2
.2599
.2601 -----
5
2
16
16
26
21
23
25
361 establish /1912
751
754
ments.
\1913
Laborers:
1907 4,097
41
establish 1908 3,662
ments.
1909 3,910
.1910 4,582
61,
61.0
.2617
.2677 ----
2
1
16
12
28
23
60.5
60.6
60.5
60.5
.1827 77
.1665 113
.1708 101
.1832 62
378 1,478 214
426 612 54
676 732 68
816 1,667 199
7
2
2
3
245 establish /1910 20,327
ments.
\1911 19,256
61.3
61.3
.1660 543 2,822 2,600 2,522 3,760 2,162 5,309 580
.1655 299 2,664 2,638 2,566 3,963 2,072 4,440 574
29
40
299 establish /1911 26,784
\1912 25,506
ments.
61.4
61.5
.1621 519 3,649 4,238 4,510 5,312 2,274 5,469 746 67
.1641 346 3,291 4,303 4,257 5,179 1,927 5,121 911 153
16 —
361 establish /1912
ments.
\1913 28,835
Machine feeders,
planing mill:
1,156
178 establish
1,165
ments.
61.5
61.1
.1639 397 3,809 5,084 4,993 5,757 2,130 5,895 1128 158
.1708 199 2,590 4,858 5,043 5,028 2,545 6,788 1532 235
14
17
61.3
61.1
.1792
.1849 " * i
48
27
152
138
203
162
288
300
84
119
240 122
267 131
18
20
1
I
1,548
1,531
61.4
61.1
.1810
.1863
65
48
242
179
208
262
363
339
148
134
335 160
330 173
25
62
I
!
1
.4901
.4807
.4894
.5007
8
10
10
9
23!
20!
19!
21
28
28!
25
25
12
11
15
18
253 establish
ments.
Sawyers, band:
71
34
establish
ments.
2
3
163
227
226
252
2
2
392
370
328
312
440 948
578 1,280
402 1,375
321 950
4
I
!
2
73
60.8
60.
203 establish /1910
ments.
\1911
429
432
61.2
61.2
.5431
.5535
1
2
2
1
29
28
89 146
83 140
162
178
243 establish /1911
\1912
ments.
508
492
61.2
61.2
.5514
3
2
3
3
35
31
88 179
92 165
200
199
288 establish ri9i2
ments.
[1913
Sawyers, circular:
1907
12
establish 1908
ments.
1909
1910
561
554
61.1
60.9
2
1
4
6
32 114 196
29 100 186
213
232
i
14
14
13
14
61.3
61.3
61.3
61.3
1
1
1
.5501
3
5
4
5
6
4
5
4
4
4
3
5
33
WAGES AND HOURS OF LABOR, 1907 TO 1913— LUMBER.
T a b le
I . —AVERAGE AND CLASSIFIED RATES OF WAGES PER HOUR IN
THE UNITED STATES, BY YEARS, 1907 TO 1913—Continued.
NUMBER—Concluded.
Employees earning each classified rate of wages per hour.
Aver
Num age
ber
of
full
Occupation, and
number of es Year. em- time
tablishments.
ploy- hours
per
week.
Sawyers, circular
—Concluded.
58
establish (1910
ments.
\1911
Aver
age
rate
of
wages
per
hour.
Un
der
10
cts.
10
and
un
der
12
cts.
12
and
un
der
14
cts.
14
and
un
der
16
cts.
16
and
un
der
18
cts.
18
and
un
der
20
cts.
25 30
and and
un un
der der
30 40
cts. cts.
20
and
un
der
25
cts.
40
and
un
der
50
cts.
61. $0.4964
62.0 .4976
2
2
7
7
26
23
32
32
14
14
27
18
!
24'!
26
40j
44
17
18
49
46
24
32
2
72
establish /1911
\1912
ments.
94
62.
62.5
.5036
.5091
3
4
8
8
92
establish /1912
ments.
\1913
119
123
62.4
62.0
.4990
.5134
5
4
13
13
1907
1908
1909
1910
60.0
60.0
60.0
60.0
.2708
.2558
.2583
.2642
4
3
2
3
2
1
2
2
52
establish /1910
ments.
\1911
61.4
61.6
.3092
.3006
14
14
21
20
13
12
66
establish /1911
ments.
\1912
61.6
61.6
.3061
.3058|
20
23
23
24
17
17
61.7
61.4
.3072!
23
22
28
31
15
14
Sawyers, gang:
5 estab 1i s h ments.
1
71
establish
ments.
Sawyer, resaw:
98
establish
ments.
/1912
\1913
/1911
\1912
149
147
60.7
60.7
. 2515
.2556
138 establish
ments.
Setters:
301 establish
ments.
(1912
\1913
197
192
60.7
GO. 7
.2543
.2607
fl911
\1912
714
713
61.3
61.3
•2506 . . . .
.2518L...
19j
15!
361 establish /1912
ments.
\1913
Trimmer opera
tors:
1907
37
establish 1908
1909
ments.
1910
i
228 establish '/1910
ments.
;\1911
780
782
61.
61.0
.2499!....
.2583 . . . .
16
13
72
60.7
60.7
GO. 7
60.7
.2070 . . . .
.1959'....
.1971!....
503
485
61.0
61.0
. 2089' 1
.2113;....
294 establish 1/1911
ments.
!\1912
4'
441
61.3
61.3
.2092 . . . .
.2104 . . . .
346 establish /1912
ments.
.11913
oil
538
61.2
61.0
.2088 . . . .
.2172|___
1
.3109
43
10
14
17
12:
aJ
1
54;
48!
54
38
41
60
61
48
55
244 196
! 260 189
33
36
!
45
46
5s!
50
39
Carriage men:
1907
1908
1909
1910
245 establish
ments.
Doggers:
273 establish
ments.
! /1910
fU911
i
flOll
\19I2
334 establish =fl9t2
\19!3
ments.
208
GO.7$0.2184 . . . .
201 i 60. S’ .2074!....
1951 60. s; ,2115!....
215 go.;
.2196!....
5.8
9.0
9.
8.4
7.7
6.7
0.0
9.6 6.2, 32. 7 29.8
13.9 10.9’ 29. 9 20.9
14.9 0. 1! 32. 3 24.1
8.8 4.7! 36. 3 29.8
6.7:.
6.5 .
7.2..
6.0 .
1,327 61.4* -20881
18.411.4
: 0.1 2.0 13.0 8.7 14.5 0.0
20. l|l2. 6:
1,298. 61.3; . 2110;; -1 1. 11.6 9.7 13.1
l
852 61.5! . 1791 .2 3.3 20.1 13.0, 17.1 6.0: 32. /.o__
809 61.4 . .1803.
2.9; 17.0 14.7! 18. G 7.G. 32. 7. l!___
973 61. 4 .isio:
939. r>!. 2. . 1845
45410°— Bull. 153-14
1.4
1.5
3.2’ 15.8 15. uj 17.0
1.9, 12.7 1S.3| 17.3
7.5! 32.4 7.41 .2 .
7.6j 31.5i 9.81 .7;.
1
I 2
1
1
|
5
5
!
1
1
1
i 299 189
: 297 203 21
1
j
I
5
i 9
i
4
i 9
5l
i 9
i
9
8
!
! 85 36! 3
i 93 34; 3i
I’ !
4
> 100 25
i 84 25' 5!
!
!
6
1 85 33
! 100 51
1 7
PER CENT.
41
establish
ments.
50
and 60
un cts.
der and
60 over.
cts.
------
34
T a b le
BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS.
I . —AVERAGE AND CLASSIFIED RATES OF WAGES PER HOUR IN
THE UNITED STATES. BY Y EA RS, 1907 TO 1913—Continued.
PEB CENT—Continued.
Employees earning each classified rate of wages per hour.
Num
Occupation, and
ber of
number of es Year. em
tablishments.
ploy
ees.
Edgermen:
Aver
age
full
time
hours
per
week.
Aver
age
rate
of
wages
per
hour.
Un
der
10
cts.
60.7 $0.2535
60.7 .2457
60.7 .2481
60.7 .2647
10
and
un
der
12
cts.
12
and
un
der
14
cts.
2.5 1.3
2.6
2.6 ‘ ’2*6
2.4
14
and
un
der
16
cts.
16
and
un
der
18
cts.
18
and
un
der
20
cts.
2.5 8.9
5.1 10.3
3.9 7.8
4.8 4.8
3.8
2.6
3.9
4.8
20
and
un
der
25
cts.
25 30 40 50
and and and and 60
un un un un cts.
der der der der and
30 40 50 60 over.
cts. cts. cts. cts.
15.2 40.5 24.1
20.5 42.3 15.4
19.5 40.3 18.2
16.7 35.7 27.4
1.3
1.3
1.3
.......
2.4 ‘ i.'2
(1907
1908
1909
1910
79
78
77
84
245 establish /1910
ments.
\1911
585
569
61.2
61.2
.2553
.2589
.3
.4
2.9
3.0
4.4
3.7
2.9
3.5
5.6 19.5 37.1 25.8 1.2
3.9 18.8 36.6 28.5 1.6
.2 .......
.2
299 establish /1911
ments.
\1912
684
686
61.3
61.2
.2599 . . . .
.2601
.7
.3
2.3
2.3
3.4
3.6
3.1
2.8
4.5 18.9 37.6 27.0 2.3
5.0 18.1 38.5 26.8 2.5
.1
.1
301 establish /1912
751
ments.
\1913
754
Laborers:
(1907 4,097
41
establish 11908 3,662
ments.
11909 3,910
11910 4,582
61.2
61.0
.2617
.2677
.3
.1
2.1
1.6
3.7
3.1
2.7
3.2
4.4 18.1 39.3 26.4 2.9
4.8 15.1 38.1 30.5 3.4
.1
.1
60.5
60.6
60.5
60.5
.1827
.1665
.1708
.1832
4.0 9.6 10.7 23.1 9.2 36.1 5.2
6.2 10.1 15.8 35.0 11.6 16.7 1.5
5.8 8.4 10.3 35.2 17.3 18.7 1.7
5.5 6.8 7.0 20.7 17.8 36.4 4.3
.2
.1
.1
.1
245 establish /1910 20,327
ments.
\1911 19,256
61.3
61.3
.1660 2.7 13.9 12.8 12.4 18.5 10.6 26.1 2.9
.1655 1.6 13.8 13.7 13.3 20.6 10.8 23.1 3.0
.1
.2
.....
299 establish /1911 26,784
ments.
\1912 25,506
61.4
61.5
.1621 1.9 13.6 15.8 16.8 19.8
.1641 1.4 12.9 16.9 16.7 20.3
8.5 20.4 2.8
7.6 20.1 3.6
.3
.6 ’ " i
'W
/1912 29,365
\1913 28,835
61.5
61.1
.1639 1.4 13.0 17.3 17.0 19.6
.1708 .7 9.0 16.8 17.5 17.4
7.3 20.1 3.8
8.8 23.5 5.3
.5
.8
/1911
\1912
1,156
1,165
61.3
61.1
.1792
.1849 *.'i
253 establish /1912 1,548
ments.
\1913 1,531
Sawyers, band:
(1907
71
34
establish 11908
69
ments.
11909
69
11910
73
61.4
61.1
.1810
.1863
60.8
60.8
60.8
60.7
.4901
.4807
.4894
.5007
41
establish
ments.
361 establish
ments.
Machine feeders,
planing mill:
178 establish
ments.
1.9
3.1
2.6
1.4
.1
.2
4.2 13.1 17.6 24.9 7.3 20.8 10.6 1.6
2.3 11.8 13.9 25.8 10.2 22.9 11.2 1.7
4.2 15.6 13.4 23.4
3.1 11.7 17.1 22.1
.......
.1 ___ .......
9.6 21.6 10.3 1.6
8.8 21.6 11.3 4.0 *".’ i
11.3 32.4 39.4
14.5 29.0 40.6
14.5 27.5 36.2
12.3 28.8 34.2
16.9
15.9
21.7
24.7
203 establish (1910
ments.
\1911
429
432
61.2
61.2
.5431
. 5535
.2
.5
.5 6.8 20.7 34.0 37.8
.2 6.5 19.2 32.4 41.2
243 establish J1911
ments.
\1912
508
492
61.2
61.2
.5503
.......
.5514j ....
.6
.4
.6 6.9 17.3 35.2 39.4
.6 6.3 18.7 33.5 40.4
288 establish /1912
ments.
;\1913
Sawyers, circular:
i(1907
12
establish 11908
ments.
,11909
11910
561
554
61.1
60.9
. 5457'___
. 556Sj___
.4 . 7 5.7 20.3 34.9 38.0
.2 1.1 5.2 18.1 33.6 41.9
14
14
13
14
61.3
61.3
61.3
61.3
81 61.fi
78j 62.0
. 544s!
. 51S(»;___
. 5254;___
. 5501
i
. 4064
. 4971.
CJ
5036:___
.5001 ___
58
establish fl910
ments.
i\1911
72
establish 1(1911
\1912
ments.
i
09
n-jtoKlich.. !ijrioio
A«*1£* !
ments.
\ im
1
Sawyers, gang:
(1907
i
5
establish J190S
ments.
j 1900 i
1910 j
1
110
j iy
j
125
j
||1
(jt
tii
n ,i
-nJ
I.......
i.......
i
I
7.1 21.4 42.9
7.1 35.7 28.6
7.7 30.8 38.5
35.7 28.6
28.6
28.6
23.1
35.7
2.5 8.6 32.1 39.5 17.3
2.6 9.0 29.5 41.0 17.9
3.2 8.4 2S. 4 42.1 17.9
4.3 S, 5 19.1 46.8 19.1
1
62.,;
60.0 .270*'___!........!.................
60.0
00 0
60.0 i . 2 52
i
1 Less Ihail oiu'-tenlU of 1 per cent.
! o i < ^*ia n -1A O,4AjL
I. O
O
AhO
i\
&
&j £
1.0: -i.3 ;i0.0i2A.i 137. 41 26.0
!
|
~
j‘:ii 3(50*0y! •>.~<|___
|.......
!
35
WAGES AND HOURS OF LABOR, 1907 TO 1913---- LUMBER.
T a b le I . — AVERAGE
AND CLASSIFIED RATES OF WAGES PER HOUR IN
THE UNITED STATES, BY YEARS, 1907 TO 1913—Concluded.
PER CENT—Concluded.
Employees earning each classified rate of wages per hour.
Num
ber of
Occupation, and
number of es Year. em
tablishments.
ploy
ees.
Aver
age
full
time
hours
per
week.
Aver
age
rate
of
wages
per
hour.
Un
der
10
cts.
10
and
un
der
12
cts.
12
and
un
der
14
cts.
; 14
and
un
der
16
cts.
16
and
un
der
18
cts.
18
and
un
der
20
cts.
20
and
un
der
25
cts.
25
and
un
der
30
cts.
30 40 50
and and and 60
un un un cts.
der der der and
40 50 60 over
cts. cts. cts.
Sawyers, gang—
Concluded.
52 establish 1910
[1911
ments.
64
60
61.4 $0.3092
61.6 .3006 . . . . .......
1.6
1.7
1.6
1.7 .......
1.6 17.2 21.9 32.8 20.3 3.1
1.7 18.3 23.3 33.3 20.0
66 establish J1911
\1912
ments.
74
75
61.6
61.6
.3061
.3058 . . . . .......
2.7
1.3
1.4
5.3 .......
2.7 12.2 27.0 31.1 23.0
2.7 5.3 30.7 32.0 22.7
(1912
\1913
79
80
61.7
61.4
.3072
.3109
3.8
2.5 *’i.*3
2.5
2.5
/1911
\1912
149
147
60.7
60.7
.2515
.2556
3.4
3.4
6.0
5.4
5.4 28.9 30.2 25.5
4.1 27.2 31.3 27.9
/1912
\1913
197
192
60.7
60.7
.2543
.2607
/1911
\1912
714
713
61.3
61.3
361 establish (1912
\1913
ments.
Trimmer opera
tors:
1907
37
establish 1908
1909
ments.
1910
780
782
71
establish
ments.
Sawyers, resaw:
98 establish
ments.
....... .......
8.9 29.1 35.4 19.0 1.3
7.5 27.5 38.8 17.5 2.5
.7 . . . .
.7
.......
1.5
.5
4.1
3.1
4.6
42
4.1 28.4 30.5 24.4 2.5
4.7 24.5 31.8 28.6 2.6
.2506
.2518 . . . .
0.1
.1
2.7
2.1
4.6
5.0
4.9
3.8
3.5 22.4 34.2 27.5
4.5 21.3 36.5 26.5
61.3
61.0
.2499
.2583 . . . .
.1
.1
2.1
1.7
4.6
2.9
3.8
4.5
5.0 21.7 38.3 24.2 .1
3.5 20.7 38.0 26.0 2.7 . . . .
72
68
72
74
60.7
60.7
60.7
60.7
.2070
.1959
. 1971 ___
.1969
2.8
2.9
2.8
2.7
6.9
7.4
5.6
5.4
1.4
8.8
6.9
4.1
228 establish (1910
\1911
ments.
503
485
61.0
61.0
. 2089 0.2
.2113 . . . .
2.2
2.1
8.9
8.9
7.4 10.7
7.4 11.1
294 establish (1911
\1912
ments.
479
441
61.3
61.3
.2092
.2104
3.1
3.4
7.9 8.8 11.3
7.0 10.0 10.9
5.2 36.7 20.9 5.2 .8
5.4 37.4 19.0 5.7 1.1 ----
346 establish (1912
\1913
ments.
511
538
61.2
61.0
.2088
.2172 . . . .
2.9
2.6
7.4 11.2 11.4
5.2 10.0 10.4
5.7 37.2 16.6 6.5 1.2
4.8 37.5 18.6 9.5 1.3 . . . .
138 establish
ments.
Setters:
301 establish
ments.
13.9 9.7 45.8 12.5 6.9
20.6 14.7 26.5 13.2 5.9
23.6 16.7 25.0 12.5 6.9
16.2 12.2 36.5 12.2 10.8
7.8 38.2 16.9 7.2
5.6 38.1 19.2 7.0
.1
.1 . . . .
....
.6
.6 . . . .
36
BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS.
T a b le
I I . —AVERAGE AND CLASSIFIED RATES OF WAGES PER HOUR
IN EACH YEAR, BY STATES, 1912 AND 1913.
DOGGERS.
Aver
Num Num age
ber of ber of full
Year and State. estab em time
lish ploy- hours
per
ments
week.
Number of employees earning each classified rate of
per hour.
Aver
age
rate of
10
12
wages Un and and
per
der un un
hour. 10 der der
14
cts. 12
cts. cts.
14
and
un
der
16
cts.
16
and
un
der
18
cts.
18
and
un
der
20
cts.
20
and
under
25
cts.
25
j and
! un
der
30
cts.
30
and
un
der
40
cts.
40 50
and; and 60
un-1 un cts.
der jder and
50 60 over.
cts. Icts.
1912.
Alabama..........
Arkansas..........
California........
Florida.............
Georgia............
65.2 $0.1353
60.8 .1701
60.2 .2263
63.3 .1523
03.5 .1400
Louisiana....... .
Maine...............
Michigan..........
Minnesota........
Mississippi.....
60.5
62.8
60.0
60.0
64.0
. i860
.2141
.2052
.2313
.1464
North Carolina.
Oregon..!........
Pennsylvania..
South Carolina.
Tennessee....... .
62.2
59.9
62.3
61.8
60.5
.1379
. 246'
.1921
. 1343
.1647
Texas..............
Virginia..........
Washington__
West Virginia.
Wisconsin.......
60.1
63.3
60.0
61.9
60.0
.1833
.1426
.2297
.2(539
. 2115
61.4
. 1810
65.1
60.0
60.2
63.3
63.6
.1411
. 1737
.2286
. 1545
. 1452
60.3
62. <S!
60.01
60.0
60.0
.1938
.2103
.2124
. 2463
. 1537
62.4
60.0
61.6
61.8
60.8
.1444
. 2.350
. 1969
. 1351
. 1639
T otal....
334
973
22
10
28,
2.
14
2
::!
4;
16
2
1;;
1
6'
15 .
2.
49!
15‘
33
65
24
..!
31
4j
27
4'
i;
20
3
I
8;
121
311 154
152
174
9.
73; 315
72
1913.
Alabama..........
Arkansas..........
California.........
Florida.............
Georgia............
14
19
13:
Louisiana........
Maine...............
Michigan..........
Minnesota........
Mississippi.......
231
14
North Carolina,
Oregon.............
Pennsylvania.,
South Carolina.
Tennessee....... .
20i
Texas..............
Virginia..........
Washington...
West Virginia.
Wisconsin.......
12!
23;
25:
18j
17*
60.0!
63.1i
60.0!
62.0
60.0
.1872
.1464
. 2452
. 2103
. 2182
Total...
334
61.2!
.1845
12
18.
so;
i6;
6:
14j
8;
28,
7
;
. . ' ....... i
2
4|
22
10
212
2
8
...!
26
4
3....
11
13
27
2
6
6,
501..
15;
4
81!
1
6:
4j
221
3;
2j
6
18i
4:.
19
2
11
21
26
15
li-
3
10.
16
21 ..
4 ..
22
40
18
2
21
17
71
18) 119j 172| 162
296
92
EDGESMEN.
191 2.
Alabama
Arkansas.......... ;
California......... !
Florida............. !
Georgia............
14
19:
14;
12'
22
21•
52;
32:
19!
26-
!
!
I
1
1
i
i
nr. 1 sn uni
! ..J
2!
3 ..
60.6' . 2570 .......L.
! . J . J
60.2: . 3393......... _ J.......i........!_
...I .. . . . . . .
63.5! . 2339 .......!..
64.1 . 2086 .......L. ---!
3;
2,
1
1
6
1]
... . . . . .
i
5:
9
8
” ik
7.
j
1
39
3
2
6
j
3
27
3
2
2 ....
37
WAGES AND HOURS OF LABOR, 1907 TO 1913---- LUMBER.
T a b le
I I . —AVERAGE AND CLASSIFIED RATES OF WAGES PER HOUR
IN EACH YEAR, BY STATES, 1912 AND 1913—Continued.
EDGERMEN—Concluded.
Number of employees earning each classified rate of wages
per hour.
Aver
Num Num age Aver
age
ber of ber of full rate
10
of
Year and State. estab em time
Un
lish ploy- hours per der and
un
ments
per hour. 10 der
week.
cts. 12
cts.
12
and
un
der
14
cts.
14
and
un
der
16
cts.
16
and
un
der
18
cts.
18
and
un
der
20
cts.
25
and
un
der
30
cts.
20
and
un
der
25
cts.
30
and
un
der
40
cts.
40 50
and and 60
un un cts.
der der and
50 60 over.
cts. cts.
191 2 —Concld.
Louisiana.........
Maine...............
Michigan..........
Minnesota........
Mississippi.......
61.0 $0.2685
62.0 .2820
60.0 .2607
60.0 .3190
64.0 .2187
North Carolina.
Oregon..............
Pennsylvania..
South Carolina.
Tennessee.........
62.2
59.9
61.
61.8
60.6
Texas...............
Virginia............
Washington___
West Virginia..
Wisconsin........
60.1
63.0
60.0
61.9
60.0
Total......
361
751
Alabama..........
Arkansas..........
California.........
Florida.............
Georgia............
65.1
59.9
60.2
63.3
64.0
Louisiana.........
Maine...............
Michigan..........
Minnesota........
Mississippi.......
60.
61.7
60.0
60.0
60.0
North Carolina.
Oregon.............
Pennsylvania..
South Carolina.
Tennessee....... .
62.2
60.0
61.4
61.9
60.9
Texas...............
Virginia.......... .
Washington__
West Virginia..
Wisconsin........
60.0
62.
60.0
62.0
60.0
754
361
.1750
.3714
2
61.0
5
1
1
•i
j
4
11
2
2
5
7
1
5
5
6
5
14
39
14
57
7
17
8
1
5
3
1
1
8
9
11
14
6
13
6
7
22
7
2
13
46
6
3
10
2
61.2
1913.
Total___
3
2
i
j
>1
l;.......
li.......
16
28
20
33
136
2
3
1
5
1
9
10
3
3
5
9
5
2
39
3
3
3
1
6
4
9
26
15
58
3
4
14
14
6
3
6
2
3
7
5
13
14
8
14
3
7
20
7
2
16
41
1
4
j
|j.......
:i.......
1
|!.......
1
I1
) .......
4
1
J
[\.......
>;
s
1
3
1
12
11
3
4
7
ii
23 - 24
36
2
1
14
14
3
60
1
1
5
1
1
1
7
1
2
5
1
20
15
21
295 198
3
28
3
4
;
io! 1
!
i•
221 1
|
2;
I
1
32
IfV_______
Q! 1
r.n!
1
i
i
2
3
1
3
S
1
7'
!
2
14 15! 1
!
15
•
7
24
I
I
114; 287 230 26
1 1
4
LABORERS.
i
1913.
Alabama...........
Arkansas..........
California.........
Florida.............
Georgia............
14
19
14
12
22
1,574
2,141
1,311
1,208
1,529
5
94 678 662 122
65.4 $0.1200
34 275 1,163: 467
60.6 .1544
1 331
60.1 .2015
63.5 .1332 **‘ ii ’ *272 "512 328:
61
72 527 609 230j 73
64.0
Louisiana.........
Maine...............
Michigan..........
Minnesota........
Mississippi.......
23
19
30
7
16
2,519
865
2,001
1,337
1,730
61.0
61.9
60.0
60.0
64.6
. 1618
.1847
.1758
.2204
. 1305
9
136
1
1
33
483
6
66
170
21
7
889 824 94
40! 359 158
871,219 407
....|
33 126
900 212. 42 38
270
21
17
132
j 127
3i.
1
10
10
,
255
252
20 ,
25
32
1
284
2
9
2
4
8
38
BU LLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS.
T a b l e I I . — AVERAGE
AND CLASSIFIED RATES OF WAGES PER HOUR
IN EACH YEAR, BY STATES, 1912 AND 1913—Continued.
LAB ORERS—Concluded.
! Number of employees earning each classified rate of wages
per hour.
Num-! Num
ber of,ber of
Year and State. estab-j em
lish- ploy
ments ees.
Aver
age
full
time
hours
per
week.
Averi
age |
10 ! 12
rate of
wages Un and j and
per
der un un
hour. 10 der der
14
cts. 12
cts. cts.
14
and
un
der
16
cts.
18
and
under
20
cts.
16
and
un
der
18
cts.
20
; and
; under
, 25
! cts.
!
25
' and
i un
der
30
cts.
30
and
un
der
40
cts.
40J 50
and! and 60
un un cts.
der der and
50 60 over.
cts. cts.
1913—Concld.
North. Carolina.
Oregon..............
Pennsylvania..
8011th Carolina.
Tennessee.........
23 1,732
6
767
19
834
9 1,037
992
29
61.7 $0.1227
59.9 .2256
61.8 .1888
61.4 .1155
60.7 .1463
Texas................
Virginia............
Washington___
West Virginia..
Wisconsin n.
12
23
25
20
19
1,380
1,289
2,594
907
1,618
60.1
63.0
60.0
62.2
60.0
.1658
.1350
.2124
.1927
.1852
361 29,365
61.5
.1639
Total___
34
789
610
247
76
2
4
510
49
10
389
298
16
46
509
42
3
34
10
2491 239
12!
2
871 11
7
487
298
2
28
213
18
23
7
1
1
483
35 173
26
51
65
1481 18
343 1541.496 332 86
1
213 207i 402
31
9
732 358I 441
25 13
397 3,809 5,084 4,993 5.757 2.130'5.895 1,128 158
82
382
23
12
12
4
321
575
304
155
32
37
1
5
14
1913.
Alabama...........
Arkansas..........
California.........
Florida.............
Georgia............
14
19
14
12
22
1,038
2,205
1,389
1,072
1,379
65.2
60.0
60.1
63.3
63.9
.1242
.1557
.2071
.1359
.1308
Louisiana.........
Maine................
Michigan..........
Minnesota.......
Mississippi.......
23
19
30
7
16
2,368
1,000
2,080
1,418
1,587
60.9
61.8
60.0
60.0
60.2
.1635
.1853
.1794
.2374
.1395
North Carolina.
Oregon..............
Pennsylvania..
South Carolina.
Tennessee.........
23 1,868
6
842
751
19
9
957
29 1,002
61.7
60.0
61.5
61.3
61.1
.1274
45
.2351
.1979
.1147 " *49
.1486
Texas...............
Virginia...........
Washington—
West Virginia..
W isconsin........
12
23
25
20
19
1,362
1,434
2,211
882
1,990
60.1
63.2
60.0
62.2
60.0
.1717
.1375
.2289
. 1962
.1915
361 28,835
61.1
.1708
Total___
38
365
20
506 105
256 1,157
10
26
201
323
395
694
361
263
137
2
252
19
753
30
32
31
15
540
62
79
57
5
123
185
19
5
4
104
999
7
11
4
133
1
10
829
388
876
6
131
106
254
757
16
24
264
277
412
965
14
27
29
3
354
63
10
527
406
2
29
288
24
113
706
599
498
939
312
63
1
2
537
37
8
328
283
10
27
512
98
11
112
203
3
23
355
19
448
459
352
12
10
49
571
170
158
210
652
46 236
20
58
54 1,359
195 424
506 680
1
14
27
6
31
505 120
9
29
4
99
3
199 2,590 4,858 5,043 5,028 2,545 6,788 1,532 235
17
5
MACHINE FEEDERS, PLANING MILL.
1
I
;
!
1912.
Alabama...........
Arkansas..........
California.........
Florida.............
Georgia.............
Louisiana.........
Moinc................
f.fjVMran..........
Minnesota........
M JssV-sippi.......
Carolina.
* M"*.uon............
«'v:'n :;- !vunto..
Sou iti <‘arolina.
Te?.?: lessee.........
12fi
18
9:
ll!
16!
I
22
l«3i
10,
If*
j
1
19
6
9i
7i
6!
77 65.910.1312
205 60.4! . 1694
36 60.0 . 2278
45 63.5 ..1640
60 64.1: ..1407
. 1766
.,2132
, 1S97
. 2256
. 1435
309
34
117
59
92
60.9
63.0!
60.0!
60.0?
64.4!
120
53
I,1
.
36;
i':
81.2; ,. 1426
m. oj . 2725
03.3*
62.5.
.13*5j
. I-jSo;
1
I
1
!
60
10
8
52
11 12
10i 30
17
9
2
i
1
!.......
!____
i
1
i 1111 37
1
1
i
1! 14! 44
14
i
7i
3
i
2
.......
7
35
35
6
4
1 ....... *........
86
221 30
4
3 21
4
4|
4
5
3j
3
97
0
38
1
5
»
22!
ll'
33;
2
l!
-1
1 ....... j
1
5
2
33
9
10
38
3
1
3
1
7: 1!
4
1
18;___:___
i
i
'
, 1.......
21 891 11
3 ....... .........
1
i
i
(.
L . ...
j. . . .
I
^
.....
.......
39
WAGES AND HOURS OF LABOR, 1907 TO 1913---- LUMBER.
T a b l e I I . — AVERAGE
AND CLASSIFIED RATES OF WAGES PER HOUR
IN EACH YEAR, BY STATES, 1912 AND 1913—Continued.
MACHINE FEEDERS, PLANING M ILL—Concluded.
Number of employees earning each classified rate of wages
per hour.
Aver Aver
age
age
full
10
of
time rate
Un
wages
hours per der and
un
per hour. 10 der
week.
cts. 12
cts.
berof berof
Year and State. estab em
lish ploy
ments ees.
12
and
un
der
14
cts.
14
and
un
der
16
cts.
16
and
un
der
18
cts.
18
and
un
der
20
cts.
20
and
un
der
25
cts.
25
and
un
der
30
cts.
30 40 50
and and and 60
un un un cts.
der der der and
40 50 60 over.
cts. cts. cts.
1912—Concld.
Texas................
Virginia............
Washington—
West Virginia..
Wisconsin........
Total
12
13
23
13
11
99
52
160
36
66
253 1,548
60.1 $0.1754
63.8 .1483
60.0 .2344
61.9 .2124
60.0 .1932
16
3
13
17
7
3
57
6
16
1
11
3
3
1
7
23
17
2
6
62 **72
23
5
32
1
6
61.4
.1810
2
65
242
208
363
148
335
160
25
3
11
45
7
11
57
3
84
1
7
10
34
4
5
24
27
3
6
2
11
1
3
25
15
2
23
4
1
1
3
25
94
1
18
22
10
26
45
17
33
29
4
2
6
4
18
1
2
1
4
4
11
35
4
26
1
1913.
Alabama..........
Arkansas..........
California.........
Florida.............
Georgia.............
12
18
9
11
16
75
197
45
45
68
65.8
59.7
60.0
63.6
63.9
.1326
.1693
.2289
.1549
.1462
Louisiana.........
Maine...............
Michigan..........
Minnesota........
Mississippi.......
22
15
10
5
16
193
34
83
47
104
60.8
63.0
60.0
60.0
60.0
.1806
.2134
.1931
.2419
.1541
North Carolina.
Oregon..............
Pennsylvania..
South Carolina.
Tennessee.........
19
6
9
7
6
120
66
16
40
15
61.5
60.0
62.3
62.7
64.5
.1477
.2806
.2331
.1364
.1862
Texas...............
Virginia............
Washington___
West Virginia..
W isrionsfn
12
13
23
13
11
93
47
133
34
76
60.0
63.6
60.0
62.5
60.0
.1836
.1553
.2574
.2072
.2009
253 1,531
61.1
.1863
Total
3
1
2
14
52
29
2
13
29
43
28
3
8
17
1
12
6
3
1
4
2
1
6
1
18
7
7
4
1
5
9
20
29
7
25
18
40
3
1
74
4
5
1
27
1
49
6
2
3
10
48
179
262
339
134
330
173
62
1
1
SAW YER S, BAND.
1912.
Alabama-..
Arkansas...
California..
Florida......
Georgia-----
6
17
11
6
11
7
33
26
12
16
65.1 10.5416
60.9 .6482
60.0 .5311
63.0 .6114
62.9 .5715
Louisiana..
Maine.........
Michigan...
Minnesota..
Mississippi.
17
13
28
7
9
35
27
62
45
18
60.8
61.5
60.0
60.0
64.0
North Carolina.
Oregon..............
Pennsylvania..
South Carolina.
Tennessee.
17
o
16,
8j;
29,,
!
10*
22
17
20:
19
Texas.......
Virginia...
Washington___
West Virginia..
Wisconsin........
Total...... ; 2,ss.
i------ •
1
1
10
1
....... i........!........i........
1
i i !
.......i........!........|........
.6643
.5126
.5048
. 7267
.5717
....... I........s........!........
2
....... .........1........!........
. . . . ...
* *
!
1
1
1
27 62.9 .4851
2
I1
8 59.9 .6132
:
=
;
1 10
23 62.1 . 3S49
i
!
17 61.9 . 5870
1
35 00.4 .4247
1 11
i
i
j
21 *K). 1 .6071
____!
1
2
1
35 03.0ii . 467o*................I........
2
33 so.o ! .*8 8,....... ’..................
.....
.......1
31 62. Ij
3
50I « , v
....
................ |....... ,
[
«i.jj
7
14
1
—
I—
j
“i;
4
6
2
30
11
5
6
6
81 7
J a,
16!
•n
6
11
2
12
!
!
16
3,
4
10
45
7
>
5
7.
o
i
8
i
o
16
17
lo
21
4
Si
0.
17
i
V)
32 114 19»: 213
40
BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS.
T able
I I . —AVERAGE AND CLASSIFIED RATES OF WAGES PER HOUR
IN EACH YEAR, P>Y STATES, 1912 AND 1913—Continued.
SAW YER S, BAND—Concluded.
Aver
Num-j Num age
ber ofberof full
Year and State. estab em- time
lish ploy- hours
per
ments
week.
Number of employees earning each classified rate of wages
per hour.
Aver
age
12
14
rate of
10
wages Un and and and
per der un un un
hour. 10 der der der
16
cts. 12 14
cts. cts. cts.
16
and
un
der
18
cts.
I
25 30 i 40 50
18 20
and and and and Iand and 60
un un un un-'un un cts.
der der der der Ider der and
25
30 40 j 50 60 over.
20
cts. <cts. cts.
cts. cts.
I
1913.
Alabama___
Arkansas__
California. . .
Florida........
Georgia.......
65.1 $0.5677
60.11 .6633
60. Oj .5368
63.0: . 61S2
63.1 .5761
Louisiana...
Maine..........
Michigan___
Minnesota -..
Mississippi. .
60.6'
61.2
60.0
60.0
60.0
. 5172
.5099
.7311
.5944
North Carolina.
Oregon........
Pennsylvania..
South Carolina.
Tennessee...
62.9
60.0
61.6
61.9
60.6
.4876
.6406
. 393.
. 589;
.4274
59.9
63.0
60. Oi
62. %
60.0
. 6159
.4670
. 5817
.4440
. 5589
Texas..........
Virginia.......
Washington___
West Virginia..
Wisconsin...
29i
1(V
22
17
20:
19|
Total..
554
2
6
8
32
S
35
5
11
45
12
2
7
"8
4
60.9j . 5568
16
is
l
15
29 100 186
232
24
24
SAW YER S, CIRCULAR.
1912.
Alabama..........
Arkansas..........
California.........
Florida.............
Georgia............
65.1 $0.5010.
60.0 .5434 .
62.0 .5375 .
64.0 .5377 .
66.0 . 4066 .
Louisiana.........
Maine...............
Michigan..........
Mississippi.......
North Carolina.
61.2
64.3
60.0
64.8
60.0
.5942;. 4292|.
.5206!.
. 5173-.
.3250;-
Oregon........
Pennsylvania..
Texas...............
Washington___
Wisconsin........
59.8
60.6
60.0
60.0
60.0
. S038 .
. 3427!.
. 5500*.
. 5750*.
. 5375':.
2
61.5
. 4774
119
62.4
.4990
65.1
59.3
62.0
64.0
66.3
.4876
.5513
.5208
.5326
.4511
6:
61.0
64.3:
60.0!
60.0
Si 60. Oi
.5983
.4253
.5366
.5550
.3550
4;
Other States. . .
Total.. . .
92
i
13
49
1913.
Alabama___
Arkansas__
California. . .
Florida........
Georgia.......
Louisiana.........
Maine..........
Michigan__
Mississippi
North Carolina.
101
6j
16!
10
2
%......
2!....
21
3
6;....
i
5
41
WAGES AND HOURS OF LABOR, 1907 TO 1913---- LUMBER.
T a b l e I I . — AVERAGE
AND CLASSIFIED RATES OF WAGES PER HOUR
IN EACH YEAR, B Y STATES, 1912 AND .1913—Continued.
SAW YERS, CIRCULAR—Concluded.
Number of employees earning each classified rate of wages
per hour.
Num Num
ber of ber of
Year and State. estab em
lish ployments
Aver Aver
age
age
full
10
time rate of Un and
hours per der un
per
10 der
week. hour. cts.
12
cts.
12
and
un
der
14
cts.
14
and
un
der
16
cts.
16
and
un
der
18
cts.
18
and
un
der
20
cts.
20
and
un
der
25
cts.
25 30 j 40 50
and and and and
un un- un- un cts.
der and
der
60 over
30
cts.
cts.
1913—Concld.
Oregon............
Pennsylvania.
Texas..............
Washington...
Wisconsin.......
3
5
5
13
2
Other States. . .
Total___
123
60.0 $0.7333
60.6 .3477
60.0 .5600
60.0 .5962
60.0 .5375
61.0
.4929
62.0
.5134
26
46
SAW YERS, GANG.
1913.
Alabama....... .
Arkansas.......
California____
Florida..........
Georgia.........
66.1 $0.2185
60.0
60.0
64.8
64.5
.3306
.2875
.2736
.2523
Louisiana___
Michigan.......
Minnesota___
Mississippi__
Oregon..........
60.6
60.0
60.0
63.0
60.0
.3669
.2583
.3670
.2558
.3500
Pennsylvania.
Texas............
Virginia........
Washington..
Wisconsin___
62,5
60.3
66.0
60.0
60.0
.2844
.441
. 3296
.3375
.3023
Other States..
60.0
.3050
61.7
.3072
Total...
1
2
..........| ...........
1
1
2
1
1
1
i
3
1
1
3
1
2
1
1
3
1
(
5
1
1
1
5
1
3
1
3
2
4
2
1
1
2
1
i
3
2
6
2
3
3
1
1
7
23
28
15
2
1
4
1
1
2
1
5
1
3
1
1
1
1
2
1
1913.
Alabama.......
Arkansas.......
California___
Florida..........
Georgia.........
59.6
60.0
65.0
64.5
.3271
.2875
. 2750
.2491
Louisiana___
Michigan.......
Minnesota___
Mississippi...
Oregon..........
60.4
60.0
60.0
60.0
60.0
.3704
. 2667
.3670
.2683
.3563
Pennsylvania
Texas............
Virginia.........
Washington..
Wisconsin___
59.5
60.3
Other States.
Total...
66.1
2
1
1
1
.2976
.441'
66.0 .3296::.......... I ...........
*
60.0! .3250
i
60.01 . 3105
__1
71 j
5:
61.21
SO
6 1 .4|
.3 1 0 0 ;.i
3
1
1
1
1
2
1
o'
-i
2
3
9
4
3
1
6
22
31
i
............ 1...........
5
1
3
2
3
1
14
2
32
42
BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS.
T able
I I . —AVERAGE AND CLASSIFIED RATES OF WAGES PER HOUR
IN EACH YEAR, BY STATES, 1912 AND 1913—Continued.
SAW YERS, RESAW.
Number of employees earning each classified rate of wages
per hour.
Aver
Num-Num- age
ber of ber of full
Year and State. estab em time
lish ploy- hours
per
ments
week.
Aver
age
rate of
10
wages Un and
per der un
hour. 10 der
cts. 12
cts.
12
and
un
der
14
cts.
14
and
un
der
16
cts.
16
and
un
der
18
cts.
18 20
25 30 i 40
and and and and and
un un un un- un
der der der der der
20 25 30 40 i 50
cts. cts. cts. cts. cts.
50
and 60
un cts.
der and
60 over.
cts.
1913.
Arkansas........ .
California....... .
Florida............
Georgia...........
Louisiana.......
61.5 $0.2393
60.0 .2385
60.0 .2000
62.8 .2159
63.0 .2199
Maine...............
Michigan..........
Minnesota........
Mississippi.......
North Carolina.
60.8
60.0
60.0
62.6
.2349
.2458
.2750
. 1932
.177
Oregon..........
Pennsylvania
South Carolina
Tennessee..
Virginia...,
60.0
63.0
61.1
60.0
62.6
.3253
.2348
.2040
.2208
.1855
Washington..
West Virginia
Wisconsin___
Other States.
60.0
61.
60.0
60.0
.3238
.2851
.2565
.2500
Total..
66.0
138
197
3 ---- j.
11; 4,.
7
6j.
56
.2543
60
48
1913.
Arkansas..
California..
Florida___
Georgia__
Louisiana.
Maine...............
Michigan..........
Minnesota.......
Mississippi.......
North Carolina.
Oregon..........
Pennsylvania
South Carolina.
Tennessee..
Virginia__
20
5
2
11
6
6
5
5
11
Washington..
West Virginia
Wisconsin___
Other States.
23
Total...
138
I
1
13
192
60.0
60.0
60.0
62.8
63.0
.2450
. 2482
.2250
.2156
.2074
60.6
60.0
60.0
60.0
62.6
.240:
.2544
.2827
. 217.’
. 1870
60.0
62.8
61.1
60.0
62.6
.3136
.2308
.2141
.2333
.1940
60.0
61.6
60.0
60.0
. 33S!
.2080!
.2665j
. 2500
I
60.7
. 2607
61! 55;
2 26
3.
= l '...J .
SETTERS.
!1
1912.
Alabama..........
Arkansas.........
California.........
Florida.............
Georgia....... .
14
19
14
12
22
21
35
60.9;
60.2
63- 4!
311j 64. oj
29
21
j
1
3
. 2 M?tj.......
. 2<>m
. 2169!
. 1960i.......
1
8
1
(j
5
4
9
10
11
10i
Ofjj
15
+!
!
3
1
1
WAGEb
T able
AXD
iiOUSri OF LAB OK, 1907
TO
1913--- LUMBER.
43
I I . — AVERAGE AND CLASSIFIED RATES OF WAGES PER HOUR
IN EACH YEAR, BY STATES, 1912 AND 1913—Continued.
SETTERS—Concluded.
Aver
Num Num age
ber of ber of full
Year and State. estab em time
lish ploy hours
ments ees. per
week.
Number of employees earning each classified rate of wages
per hour.
Aver
age
rate of
10
wages Un and
per der un
hour. 10 der
cts. 12
cts.
12
and
un
der
14
cts.
14
and
un
der
16
cts.
16
and
un
der
18
cts.
18
and
un
der
20
cts.
20
and
un
der
25
cts.
40 50
and and 60
un un cts.
der der and
50 60 over.
cts. cts.
30
and
un
der
40
cts.
25
and
un
der
30
cts.
191 2 —Concld.
Louisiana.........
Maine................
Michigan..........
Minnesota........
Mississippi.......
23
19
30
7
16
55
42
81
78
33
61.1 $0.2606
61.6 .2728
60.0 .2687
60.0 .3283
64.4 .2101
North Carolina.
Oregon..............
Pennsylvania..
South Carolina.
Tennessee.........
23
6
19
9
29
42
10
32
19
36
62.1
59.9
61.6
62.2
60.6
. 1762
.2855
.2432
. 1925
.2051
Texas...............
Virginia............
Washington___
West Virginia..
Wisconsin........
12
23
25
20
19
32
37
51
35
60
60.1
62.9
60.0
62.0
60.0
.2508
.1973
.2809
.2572
.2681
361
780
61.3
. 2499
Alabama..........
Arkansas..........
California.........
Florida.............
Georgia............
14
19
1-i
12
22
21
35
29
21
31
65.1
60.0
60.2
63.4
64.5
.1947
.2519
.2721
.2136
.1971
Louisiana.........
Maine...............
Michigan..........
Minnesota........
Mississippi.......
23
19
30
7
16
54
44
77
88
32
61.0
61.4
60.0
60.0
60.0
.2571
.2800
.2782
.3459
.2219
North Carolina.
Oregon..............
Pennsylvania..
South Carolina.
Tennessee.........
23
6
19
9
29
41
12
32
19
38
62.0
60.0
61.2
62.2
60.8
. 1854
.2979
.2587
.2004
.2081
Texas...............
Virginia............
W ashington___
West Virginia..
Wisconsin........
12
23
25
20
19
28
37
48
35
60
59.9
62.9
60.0
62.1
60.0
.2563
.2039
. 2901
.2608
.2747
361
782
61.0
.2583
Total
4
1
1
10
5
7
1
14
2
6
26
29
56
4
6
19
4
7
10
10
3
15
5
9
1
7
16
3
10
3
1
10
5
3
9
15
18
11
25
20
21
4
1
23
6
24
3
8
3
9
4
4
16
36
30
39
169
4
3
5
2
5
2
9
10
8
12
9
1
2
11
14
11
19
78
1
299 189
1
24
17
3
8
1
2
1
2
13
2
2
31
20
52
2
17
11
9
22
23
70
7
14
4
10
2
15
2
2
21
6
11
10
1
7
9
3
8
12
16
11
18
21
23
5
1
26
6
25
1
297 203
21
1913.
Total
1
8
3
1
4
1
9
6
2
1
2
6
7
1
13
23
35
27
162
18
1
TRIM M ER OPERATORS.
!
1912.
!
r
!
|
Alabama.......... 1
Arkansas.......... 1
California.........
i
Georgia............
i
Louisiana........ !
1
.1
Minnesota........ !
Mississippi ,. !
14
19
14
12
20
17
26
27
16
21
23
S
30
71
1(5
31
20
61
26
2111 64.3.
1
9
4
64. 8ISO. 1442
60.7j . 179(*
1
6
60.21 . 2659
64.1! . 1544
5
i
2
6
64.0j . 1539!
6
3
j|.......
2
61.11 . 2138j
60. 5 .1891'
....... j !
60.0. . 2125i!
• .............................
1
. 1604!
2
4
5
1
2
12
3
1
4
.
ll
6
o
]j1 3
1
ii 20
i;
ti
49
I
I
!
1
i9l
2
i
!
i;
j
61
ol
5!
22!
1
44
BULLETIN OF TH E BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS.
T able
I I . —AVERAGE AND CLASSIFIED RATES OF WAGES PER HOUR
IN EACH YEAR, BY STATES, 1912 AND 1913—Concluded.
TRIMM ER OPERATORS—Concluded.
AverNum Num age
ber of ber of full
Year and State. estab em- time
lish ploy- hours
ments
per
week.
Number of employees earning each classified rate of wages
per hour.
Aver
age
12
rate of
10
wages Un and and
un
der
un
per
hour. 10 der der
cts. 12
14
cts. cts.
14
and
un
der
16
cts.
16
18 20
25
and and and and
un un un un
der der der der
18
20
25
30
cts.
cts.
30 40 50
and and and 60
un un un cts.
der der der and
40 50 60 over.
cts. cts. cts.
1912—Concld.
North Carolina.
Oregon............
Pennsylvania.
South Carolina
Tennessee.......
62.2
60.0
61.5
61.7
60.3
1.1491
.3127
.2154
.1749
.1792
Texas..............
Virginia..........
Washington...
West Virginia.
Wisconsin.......
60.1
62.5
60.0
62.2
60.0
. 1931
.1811
.3081
.2392
. 2157
61.2
. 208S
Alabama..........
Arkansas........ .
California.........
Florida........... .
Georgia............
64.5
59.9
60.2
64.1
64.0
.1462
.1875
.2666
.1533
.1563
Louisiana....... .
Maine...............
Michigan..........
Minnesota.......
Mississippi___
61.0
60.0
60.0
60.0
60.0
.2190
.1878
.2199
.2607
.1714
North Carolina.
Oregon.............
Pennsylvania..
South Carolina,
Tennessee....... .
62.2
60.0
61.3
61.7
60.6
.1545
.3192
.2291
.1830
.1831
Texas...............
Virginia.......... .
Washington__
West Virginia.,
Wisconsin.......
60.0
62.6
60.0
62.6
60.0
.2160
.1832
.3226
.2423
.2285
61.0
. 2172
Total___
511
15
29
190
85
33
1913.
Total___
346
538
10
14
28
54!
56
26
202] 100
51
45
WAGES AND HOURS OF LABOR, 1907 TO 1913-----LUMBER.
T able
I I I . - AVERAGE
AND CLASSIFIED RATES OF WAGES PER HOUR
IN EACH STATE, BY YEARS, 1912 AND 1913.
[The figures set opposite each bracketed group of years are for identical establishments.]
DOGGERS.
Number of employees earning each classified rate of wages
per hour.
Aver
Num age Aver
age
full
ber
of
10 12
State, and number Year. em time rate of
Un and and
of establishments.
ploy- hours per der un: un
per
10 der der
week. hour. cts.
12 14
cts. cts.
Alabama:
14 establishments. /1912
\1913
Arkansas:
/1912
19 establishments. j\1913
California:
13 establishments. 1/1912
j\19'13
Florida:
12 establishments. i/1912
i\1913
Georgia:
18 establishments. 1/1912
!\1913
Louisiana:
I
23 establishments. /1912
!\1913
Maine:
14 establishments. 1/1912
\1913
Michigan:
1/1912
30 establishments.
\1913
Minnesota:
71912
4 establishments..
\1913
Mississippi:
71912
16 establishments.
\1913
North Carolina:
i
;
/1912
20 establishments.
\1913
Oregon:
71912
6 establishments. :\1913
Pennsylvania:
14 establishments. J1912
>1913
South Carolina:
/1912
8 establishments..
\1913
Tennessee:
28 establishments. /1912
\1913
Texas:
12 establishments. /1912
\1913
Virginia:
/1912
23 establishments. \1913
Washington:
25 establishments. /1912
\1913
West Virginia:
11912
18 establishments. \1913
Wisconsin:
17 establishments. 71912
\1913
65.!
65.:
$0. 1353
7
7
1411
22
22
.1701
60. Oi .1737
14
and
un
der
16
cts.
16
and
un
der
18
cts.
18
and
un
der
20
cts.
20
and
un
der
25
cts.
11
9
2
1
2:
2
19
10
40
42
101
12
5
8
.2263
28
26
.1523
.1545
.1400
.1452 *2
45
7
4
.1860
.1938
62.:
62. J
8
10
32
31
7
4
14
11
20
19
2
6
3
3
3
4
2
31
27
12
.2141
2
2
.2101
.2052
.2124
91
14
.2313
.2463
.1464
.1537
3l!1 17
41 35
4
.1379
.1444
59.9
27!!
22
12
19
8
18
1 ___l___
6!
i!
10
6]l
i
1
!
|
3
3!
43
50
65
81
4
4
[
2
1
24
6
6
6
14
15
1
!
i
•
16
161 1
i
2
i _____
L ...
!
4
4
1
20
9
191 11
8
9
i
!
24
20
8
15
14
13
1
.2297
.2452
3
.2039
4
2|!:
1
41
'
6i
i
l!
1;
i
6:
5i
;
12l
8:
'I
8
3
26
26
|
.2115;.i
. . . . . . . J ...J .......
:
i
!
!
i
'
3
i
i
.1833!.
1
i
...1
13
17
3
6!
1
4
|
15
2
lj 21'
!
I
2*
4
49, 24
221 40!
|
2
4
15:
18.
1
3
2.
331 12
21|
17l
1
!
i
9
10
1
17
21
3j
2
!
:
!
I
1
1
3
4
!
i
4
3
.1921
.1969
.1464
5
6
50
and 60
un cts.
der and
60 over.
cts.
2
4
.2467
.2550
60.5
30 40
and and
un un
der der
40 50
cts. cts.
25
and
un
der
30
cts.
1
1
1
*
!
1
i
i
___i........
!
,
46
T a b le
BU LLETIN OF TH E BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS.
III ___ AVERAGE
AND CLASSIFIED RATES OF WAGES PER HOUR
IN EACH STATE, BY YEARS, 1912 AND 1913—Continued.
EDGERMEN.
!
Aver
Num age
ber of full
State, and number Year.
time
of establishments.
ploy- hours
ees. per
week.
Alabama:
(1912
14 establishments. \1913
Arkansas:
/1912
19 establishments. \1913
California:
)1912
14 establishments. \1913
Florida:
/1912
12 establishments. \1913
Georgia:
/1912
22 establishments. \1913
Louisiana:
/1912
23 establishments. \1913
Maine:
19 establishments. /1912
\1913
Michigan:
30 establishments. /1912
\1913
Minnesota:
7 establishments.. /1912
\1913
Mississippi:
16 establishments. /1912
\1913
North Carolina:
23 establishments. /1912
\1913
Oregon:
/1912
6 establishments..
\1913
Pennsylvania:
19 establishments. (1912
\1913
South Carolina:
9 establishments.. (1912
\1913
Tennessee:
29 establishments. (1912
\1913
Texas:
12 establishments. /1912
\1913
Virginia:
23 establishments. /1912
\1913
Washington:
/1912
25 establishments. \1913
West Virginia:
11912
20 establishments. |\1913
1
Wisconsin:
19 establishments. 1/1912
Number of employees earning each classified rate of wages
per hour.
Aver
age
rate of
10 12
wages Un and and
per der un un
hour. 10 der der
cts. 12 14
cts. cts.
14
and
un
der
16
cts.
16
and
un
der
18
cts.
18
and
un
der
20
cts.
6
5
9
9
1
2
1
1
1
8
10
39
39
3
3
3
3
27
28
65.1 $0.1911
65.1 .1926
52
53
60.6
59.9
.2570
.2558
32
33
60.2
60.2
.3393
.3402
19
18
63.5
63.3
.2339
.2379
26
25
64.1
64.0
.2086
.2100
62
65
61.0
60.8
.2685
.2820
33
35
62.0
61.7
.2820
.2900
75
77
60.0
60.0
.2607
.2675
60
60
60.0
60.0
.3190
.3283
36
37
64.0
60.0
.2187
.2255
35
35
62.2
62.2
.1750
.1785
12
10
59.9
60.0
.3714
.3850
25
25
61.9
61.4
.2568
.2655
20
19
61.8
61.9
.2162
.2144
1
2
3
1
34
36
60.6
60.9
.2212
.2316
1
1
2
5
4
33
30
60.1
60.0
.2624
.2698
35
39
63.0
62.9
. 19G4
.2034
33
32
60.0
60.0
.3599
;3772
31
31
61.9 . 2801
02.0 | .2868
72
60.0 ! . 2720
60.0
j
3
1
1
5
4
2
1
3
3
1
3
2
4
2
3
3
3
5
5
7
5
6
3
2
4
2
1
6
6
5
4
39
26,
!!
14
15
JI
32
!I
14
161
14
9
57
58
a|| !
1
9
1
J
60
7
4
17
14
8
14
1
1
7
6
1
3
5
6
3
2
1
2
1
8
7
1
3
9
5
11
13
1
5!
2
I
.
O 6
7 11
7
l
7
7
1
14
14 3
61
8
4
1
5
22
20
i
1
7
71 2
0
j
1
l
16
10
-16
1
2
4
2,1 20
14
I
,
5
3
13
14
50
and 60
un cts.
der and
60 over.
cts.
2
2
11
9
6
3
4
3
40
and
un
der
50
cts.
3
3
3
3
11
11
25 30
and and
un un
der der
30 40
cts. cts.
1
21
22
2
2
20
and
un
der
25
cts.
I
10
15
1
1
15
15
s
2i!
JjABOilEitS.
Alabama.
j
1i
ifduiumta
1 1’ r>74‘ «*> ^>. U00
'bin
$M, «*?*»:,2
*>>•
.1242 US
60 0
» 20
.. l-a
*u
« ....
,
Jt
ior
* >:; 1.137
5:
n
0
.*>
*>? *
7.
4.
m .{i I 1 i
*1 I....'.....
5!0: 12*3. 104
47
WAGES AND HOURS OF LABOR, 1901 TO 1913---- LUMBER.
T a b le I I I . — AVERAGE AND CLASSIFIED RATES OF WAGES PER HOUR
IN EACH STATE, BY YEARS, 1912 AND 1913—Continued.
LAB ORERS—Concluded.
Aver
Num age
ber of full
State, and number Year. em time
of establishments.
ploy hours
ees. per
week.
California:
/1912
14 establishments. \1913
Florida:
/1912
12 establishments. \1913
Georgia:
/1912
22 establishments. \1913
Louisiana:
/1912
23 establishments. \1913
Maine:
/1912
19 establishments. \1913
Michigan:
/1912
30 establishments. \1913
Minnesota:
/1912
7 establishments.. \1913
Mississippi:
16 establishments. /1912
\1913
North Carolina:
/1912
23 establishments \1913
Oregon:
6 establishments. /1912
\1913
Pennsylvania:
19 establishments. J1912
\1913
South Carolina:
/1912
9 establishments.. \1913
Tennessee:
(1912
29 establishments. \1913
Texas:
(1912
12 establishments. \1913
Virginia:
23 establishments. /1912
\1913
■Washington:
/1912
25 establishments. \1913
West Virginia:
20 establishments. /1912
\1913
Wisconsin:
/1912
19 establishments. \1913
Number of employees earning each classified rate of wages
per hour.
Aver
age
rate of
10 12
wages Un and and
per der un un
hour. 10 der der
cts. 12 14
cts. cts.
14
and
un
der
16
cts.
16
and
un
der
18
cts.
18
and
un
der
20
cts.
1 331 170
62 185
20
and
un
der
25
cts.
25 30 40
and and and
un un un
der der der
30 40 50
cts. cts. cts.
672 127
999 133
60.1 $0.2015
60.1
2071
1,208
1,072
63.5
63.3
1332
1359
11 272 512
10 201 395
328
361
61
79
21
19
3
7
1,529
1,379
64.0
63.9
1266
, 1308
72 527 609
26 323 694
230
263
73
57
7
5
10
11
1
2,519
2,368
61.0
60.9
1618
1635
9 136 270
137 252
889
753
824 94
829 106
255
264
25
27
9
865
1,000
61.9
61.8
.1847
1853
1
2
21
19
40 359 158
30 388 254
252
277
32
29
2
1
2,001
2,080
60.0
60.0
.1758
.1794
1
17
87 1,219 407
32 876 757
269
412
1
3
1,337
1,418
60.0
60.0
.2204
.2374
1,730
1,587
64.6
60.2
.1305
.1395
33 483 900
113 706
212
599
1,732
1,868
61.7
61.7
.1227
.1274
34 789 610
45 498 939
247
312
767 59.9
842 60.0
.2256
.2351
834
751
61.8
61.5
.1888
.1979
4
2
10
8
16
10
1,037
957
61.4
61.3
.1155
.1147
76 510 389
49 537 328
46
27
992
1,002
60.7
61.1
.1463
.1486
1,380
1,362
60.1
60.1
1,289
1,434
63.0
63.2
2,594
2,211
33 126
6 16
2
42 38
131 24
42
63
3
1
34
10
890 284
965 354
20
14
487 213
527 288
23
27
249 239
98 203
298
406
2
3
2
2
28
29
7
6
1
26
31
1
1
5
3
12
11
18
24
509
512
87 11
112 23
.1658
. 1717
4 82
19
575
459
483
571
35
46
173
236
. 1350
. 1375
65 321 382
31 355 448
304
352
148
170
18
20
51
58
. 2124
.2289:
i
62.2 . 1927;
62.2j .1962
23
155
12i
32
io;
1
37;
343 154 1,496 332 86
158! 54 1,359 505 120
60.0
60.0
1
12
5
12
"j
1
!
65.9:10.1312;
85.8; . 1326;
213 207
210 195
I
7321358
652 506
402
424
31
29
9
9
441
680
25
99
13
4
}
8
11
1
3
60.4* . 1694'.....i a! io1 52
» .7 j ..1693:..‘ • f H
7i 57
1 . .. .
38. 60.0 . 2278;..J . J . ,...r
i
!
45 00. (>•• . 22S9i
86
84
lj 7j «o|
3 11* 4o|
14
7
10
49 298
37 283
907
882
1
1,618; 60. o! . 1852^
l,990j 60. Oj . 1915:
i
77=
75
|
205'
197,
4
63
8
2
MACHINE FEEDERS, PLANING MILL.
Alabama:
j
12 establishments.
Arkansas:
(
i 8 establishments.
California:
I
1/101*2
establishments,* i\1913
10
10
1,311
1,389
2
22
23j
I
i 3:
4i> 4*
21 5
27'
11!
50
and 60
un cts.
der and
60 over
cts.
48
T able
BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS.
AVERAGE AND CLASSIFIED RATES OF WAGES PER HOUR
IN EACH STATE, BY YEARS, 1912 AND 1913—Continued.
I I I .—
MACHINE FEEDERS, PLANING M ILL—Concluded.
Aver
Num age
ber
of
full
State, and number Year. em time
of establishments.
ploy hours
ees. per
week.
Number of employees earning each classified rate of wages
per hour.
Aver
age
rate of
10 12
wages Un and and
per der un un
hour. 10 der der
cts. 12 14
cts. cts.
Florida:
45 63.5 $0.1640
11 establishments. /1912
\1913
45 63.6 .1549
Georgia:
f1912
60 64.1 .1407
16 establishments. \1913
63.9 .1462
Louisiana:
1912
169
60.9 .1766
22 establishments. 1913
193j 60.8 .1806
Maine:
34; 63.0 .2132
15 establishments. /1912
\1913
34| 63.0 .2134
Michigan:
!
117' 60.0 .1897
10 establishments. /1912
\1913
83, 60.0 . 1931!
Minnesota:
59j 60.0 .2256 .
5 establishments.. /1912
(1913
47, 60.0 . 2419: .
Mississippi:
/1912
92'
64.4 .1435 . . . .
16 establishments. \1913
104; 60. Oj .15411....
North Carolina:
12o! 61.2! . 1426! 1
19 establishments. /1912
\1913
120j 61.5j . 1477
Oregon:
/1912
53 59.9 .2725
6 establishments.. \1913
66j 60.0 .2806
i
Pennsylvania:
/1912
10' (>3.4 .2246
9 establishments.. \1913
16i 62.3 .2331
South Carolina:
3s! 63.3 . 1355
7 establishments.. /1912
\1913
40| 62.7 . 1364
Tennessee:
/1912
171 62.5 .1585
6 establishments.. \1913
15j 64.5 . 1862
Texas:
/1912
99
60.1 .1754
12 establishments. j\1913
93i 60.0 . 1836
Virginia:
52| 63.8 .1483
13 establishments. 1/1912
j\1913
47j 63.6 . 1553
Washington:
•
/1912
1601
60.0 .2344
23 establishments •\1913
133, 60.0 . 2574
West Virginia:
1/1912
36 61.9 .2124
13 establishments •\1913 j
34; 62.5! . 2072
Wisconsin:
66! 60.oj .1932
/1912
|
11 establishments
76| 60.0j . 2009
;\i9i3 i
14
and
un
der
16
cts.
16
and
un
der
18
cts.
18
and
un
der
20
and
un
der
20 25
cts. cts.
25 30 40 50
and and and and 60
un un un un cts.
der der der der and
30 40 50 60 over.
cts. cts. cts. cts.
3
1
22
22 j
12
1 !
33;
26|
40
33
38] 1 8 .. ..I.
29 18!---- i.
35
2 39 11!.
4j 35! 26;
24
171
17
29;
13s
18j
62; 72:
25|
1 74l
23
18
5|.
4j
1
32
40I 5!
SAW YER S, BAND.
Alabama:
j
(»establishments.. 1/1912
j\19l3
Arkansas:
17 establishments. 1/1912
j\1913
California:
11 establishments. 1(1912
Aim
Florida:
6 establishments.. 71912
\1913
7
33
33
65.1 $0.5416;
<55.1 .5677
(*0.9t . 0482
60.1 . 6633
i
26 60.0: .5311
26! 00. 0: ,.5368
1
i
12; 63.0* .6114!
12S 63.0i
M
i * i l ''
li i i i t
| 1 i |
. ...1 .... ! .......I....... L
i
| j
j
i
!
1
!
I ........| . . J .
1
2
1 2
1 ....
30
32
11
12
5
6
4
6
S
10
8
.
J
5
i
6
49
WAGES AND HOURS OF LABOR, 1907 TO 1913---- LUMBER.
AVERAGE AND CLASSIFIED RATES OF WAGES PER HOUR
IN EACH STATE, BY YEARS, 1912 AND 1913—Continued.
T able I I I .—
SAWTERS» BAND—Concluded.
Number of employees earning each classified rate of wages
per hour.
Aver
Num age Aver
age
full
ber
of
10 12
State, and number Year. em time rate of
Un and and
of establishments.
ploy- hours per der un un
per
10 der der
week. hour. cts.
12 14
cts. cts.
Georgia:
11 establishments. /1912
11913
Louisiana:
/1912
17 establishments. \1913
Maine:
13 establishments. /1912
\1913
Michigan:
28 establishments. /1912
\1913
Minnesota:
1912
7 establishments.. .1913
Mississippi:
9 establishments.. /1912
\1913
North Carolina:
17 establishments. /1912
\1913
Oregon:
/1912
5 establishments.. \1913
Pennsylvania:
16 establishments. /1912
11913
South Carolina:
8 establishments.. /1912
\1913
Tennessee:
29 establishments. /1912
11913
Texas:
/1912
10 establishments. \1913
Virginia:
22 establishments. /1912
\1913
Washington:
17 establishments. /1912
\1913
West Virginia:
20 establishments. fl912
[1913
Wisconsin:
1912
19 establishments. T
11913
14
and
un
der
16
cts.
16
and
un
der
18
cts.
18
and
un
der
20
cts.
20
and
un
der
25
cts.
25 30 40
and and and
un un un
der der der
30 40 50
cts. cts. cts.
1
62.9 $0.5715
63.1 .5761
60.6
61.5
61.2
.5126
.5172
60.0
60.0
.5048
.5099
60.0
60.0
.7267
.7311
64.0
60.0
.5717
.5944
62.9
62.9
.4851
.4876
60.0
.6132
.6406
2
2
16
17
14
12
36
34
11
6
1
’ *i
2
2
6
6
10
10
61.9
61.
1
1
l
2
11
9
1
1
2
2
7
7
12
12
6
7
5
4
.6071
1
1
63.0
63.0
60.0
60.0
1
1
62.1
62.2
2
3
17
16
15
15
2
7
5
7
10
3
3
21
18
5
8
4
3
31
29
60.0
60.0
fl912
[1913
14
14
ri912
[1913
2
2
60.0
59.3
.5434
.5513
[1912
[1913
3
3
62.0
62.0
.5375
.5208
[1912
[1913
9
9
64.0
64.0
.5377
.5326
[1912
[1913
13
14
66.0
66.3
.4066
.4511
45410°—Bull. 153-14
7
12
16
16
11
11
SAW YERS, CIRCULAR.
Alabama:
10 establishments.
Arkansas:
2 establishments..
California:
3 establishments..
Florida:
6 establishments..
Georgia:
11 establishments
10
11
3
1
l
i
60.4
60.6
7
6
31
35
45
45
62.1
61.
60.1
8
9
4
1
35
27
50
and 60
un cts.
der and
60
cts.
65.1 10.5010
65.1 .4876
1
1 “ ‘i
3
4
1
1
1
1
1
l
l
3
3
4
2
3
5
16
16
17
15
15
15
50
Table
BULLETIN OF TH E BUBEAU OF LABOR STATISTICS.
I I I . —AVERAGE AND CLASSIFIED RATES OP WAGES PER HOUR
IN EACH STATE, B Y YEARS, 1912 AND 1913—Continued.
SAW YER S, CIRCULAR—Concluded.
Aver
Num age
ber
of
full
State, and number Year. em time
of establishments.
ploy hours
ees. per
week.
Louisiana:
9 establishments.. /1912
\1913
Maine:
/1912
Cestablishments..
\1913
Michigan:
6 establishments.. /1912
\1913
Mississippi:
7 establishments.. /1912
\1913
North Carolina:
7 establishments.. /1912
\1913
Oregon:
/1912
2 establishments.. \1913
Pennsylvania:
/1912
4 establishments.. \1913
Texas:
/1912
4 establishments.. \1913
Washington:
/1912
11 establishments. \1913
Wisconsin:
2 establishments.. /1912
\1913
9
10
Number of employees earning each classified rate of wages
per hour.
Aver
age
10 12
rate of
wages Un and and
per der un un
hour. 10 der der
cts. 12 14
cts. cts.
14
and
un
der
16
cts.
16
and
un
der
18
cts.
18
and
un
der
20
cts.
20
and
un
der
25
cts.
25 30 40 50
and and and and 60
un un un un cts.
der der der der and
30 40 50 60 over.
cts. cts. cts. cts.
61.2 $0.5942
61.0 .5983
1
1
2
2
6
6
64.3
64.3
.4292
.4253
17
16
60.0
60.0
.5206
.5366
10
10
64.8
60.0
.5173
.5550
8
8
60.0
60.0
.3250
.3550
2
3
59.8
60.0
.8038
.7333
5
5
60.6
60.6
.3427
.3477
5
5
60.0
60.0
.5500
.5600
12
13
60.0
60.0
.5750
.5962
2
2
60.0
60.0
.5375
.5375
1
1
2
2
2
1
1
1
3
4
5
5
3
3
13
9
1
4
4
3
3
3
2
4
4
4
1
3
3
3
2
2
2
2
3
3
2
2
6
4
5
8
1
1
1
1
2
2
SAW YER S, GANG.
Alabama:
/1912
6 establishments.. \1913
Arkansas:
/1912
8 establishments.. \1913
California:
/1912
2 establishments.. \1913
Florida:
/1912
5 establishments.. \1913
Georgia:
/1912
4 establishments.. \1913
Louisiana:
/1912
9 establishments.. \1913
Michigan:
J1912
3 establishments.. \1913
Minnesota:
/1912
3 establishments.. 11913
Mississippi:
/1912
6 establishments.. \1913
Oregon:
M912
4 establishments.. \1913
Pennsylvania:
/1912
2 establishments.. \1913
1
8
8
66.1 $0.2185
66.1 .2298
8
8
60.0
59.6
.3306
.3271
1
1
5
5
2
2
60.0
60.0
.2875
.2875
1
1
1
1
5
6
64.8
65.0
.2736
.2750
1
3
2
1
3
4
4
64.5
645
.2523
.2491
1
1
1
1
1
1
9
9
60.6
60.4
.3669
.3704
3
3
60.0
60.0
.2583
.2667
5
5
60.0
60.0
.3670
.3670
6
6
63.0
60.0
.2558
.2683
4
4
60.0
60.0
.3500
.3563
2
2
62.5
59.5
.2844
.2976
2
2
1
2
2
1
1
1
3
4
5
5
2
1
i
1
3
3
2
2
1
2
3
3
1
1
4
4
1
1
3
3
1
1
2
2
1
1
1
1
51
WAGES AND HOURS OF LABOR, 1907 TO 1913-----LUMBER.
T a b le I I I . — AVERAGE
AND CLASSIFIED RATES OF WAGES PER HOUR
IN EACH STATE, BY YEARS, 1912 AND 1913—Continued.
SAW YERS, GANG—Concluded.
Aver
Num age Aver
age
full rate
ber
of
State, and number Year. em time
of
of establishments.
wages
ploy hours per
ees.
per
week. hour.
Texas:
3 establishments..
Virginia:
2 establishments..
Washington:
2 establishments..
Wisconsin:
8 establishments..
[1912
[1913
3
3
60.3 $0.4417
60.3 .4417
H9i2
[1913
2
2
66.0
66.0
.3296
.3296
[1912
[1913
2
2
60.0
60.0
.3375
.3250
[1912
[1913
11
11
Number of employees earning each classified rate of wages
per hour.
10
12
Un and and
der un un
10 der der
cts. 12 14
cts. cts.
14
and
un
der
16
cts.
16
and
un
der
18
cts.
20
and
un
der
20 25
cts. cts.
18
and
un
der
25 30 40 50
and and and and 60
un un un un cts.
der der der der and
30 40 50 60 over.
cts. cts. cts. cts.
60.0 .3023
60.0S
! .3105|
SAW YER S, RESAW .
Arkansas:
3 establishments..
California:
7 establishments..
Florida:
2 establishments..
Georgia:
2 establishments..
Louisiana:
4 establishments..
Maine:
5 establishments..
Michigan:
20 establishments.
Minnesota:
5 establishments..
Mississippi:
2 establishments..
North Carolina:
11 establishments.
Oregon:
6 establishments..
Pennsylvania:
5 establishments-.
South Carolina:
6 establishments-.
Tennessee:
5 establishments..
Virginia:
11 establishments.
Washington:
23 establishments.
West Virginia:
7establishments...
Wisconsin:
13 establishments.
61.5 $0.2393
60.0 .2450
3
2
1
2
13
14
60.0
60.0
.2385
.2482
8
8
4
3
1912
1.1913
2
2
60.0
60.0
.2000
.2250
2
1
1
1912
[1913
2
2
62.8
62.8
.2159
.2156
2
2
1912
[1913
4
4
63.0
63.0
.2199
.2074
[1912
[1913
6
7
60.8
60.6
[1912
[1913
30
25
[1912
[1913
1912
,1913
4
4
1912
L1913
1
1
1
1
1
2
1
.2349
.2407
1
1
2
2
3
3
60.0
60.0
.2458
.2544
1
1
14
10
13
13
60.0
60.0
.2750
.2827
[1912
[1913
2
2
66.0
60.0
.1932
.2175
[1912
[1913
11
11
62.6
62.6
.1777
.1870
[1912
[1913
10
11
60.0
60.0
[1912
[1913
9
8
[1912
[1913
1
1
2
2
.3253
.3136
1
2
4
63.0
62.8
.2348
.2308
5
5
4
3
7
7
61.1
61.1
.2040
.2147
[1912
[1913
6
6
60.0
60.0
.2208
.2333
[1912
[1913
12
14
62.6
62.6
.1855
.1940
[1912
[1913
32
31
60.0
60.0
.3238
.3387
7 61.7
7 61.6
.2851
.2680
60.0
60.0
.2565
.2665
[1912
[1913
[1912
[1913
26
23
2
2
2
1
2
2
2
1
2
3
1
1
1
1
3
3
3
4
i
2
6
6
1
1
1
2
1
1
11
4
91 5
7
7
1
1
3
5
5
2
2
2
2
2
3
3
2
3
4
4
1
2
1
8
2
20
26
1
5
5
2
1
9
5
7
12
8
6
3
3
52
BULLETIN OF TH E BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS.
T a b le I I I . — AVERAGE
AND CLASSIFIED RATES OF WAGES PER HOUR
IN EACH STATE, BY YEARS, 1912 AND 1913—Continued.
SETTER S.
Number of employees earning each classified rate of wag es
per hour.
Aver
Num age Aver
age
ber of full rate
of
State, and number Year. em time
wages
of establishments.
ploy hours per
ees. per hour.
week.
Alabama:
/1912
14 establishments. \1913
Arkansas:
/1912
19 establishments. \1913
Califomia:
/1912
14 establishments. \1913
Florida:
/1912
12 establishments. \1913
Georgia:
T1912
22 establishments. [1913
Louisiana:
/1912
23 establishments. \1913
Maine:
19 establishments. (1912
1.1913
Michigan:
ri9i2
30 establishments. 11913
Minnesota:
/1912
7 establishments.. \1913
Mississippi:
/1912
16 establishments. \1913
North Carolina:
11912
23 establishments. [1913
Oregon:
6 establishments.. /1912
\1913
Pennsylvania:
/1912
19 establishments. \1913
South Carolina:
(1912
9 establishments.. \1913
Tennessee:
/1912
29 establishments. \1913
Texas:
1912
12 establishments. ,1913
Virginia:
/1912
23 establishments. \1913
Washington:
/1912
25 establishments. \1913
West Virginia:
/1912
20 establishments. \1913
Wisconsin:
/1912
19 establishments. \1913
10 12
Un and and
der un un
10 der der
cts. 12 14
cts. cts.
14
and
un
der
16
cts.
16
and
un
der
18
cts.
5
4
65.1
65.1
3
3
6
5
26
24
1
60.2
60.2
10
8
15
17
3
2
5
5
11
12
4
3
1
1
4
2
10
9
7
8
1
1
14
13
26
31
14
9
2
2
29
20
11
22
6
2
56
52
19
23
63.4
63.4
i
64.5
64.5
i __
1
1
8
8
1
2
1
61.6
61.4
i
60.0
60.0
60.0
60.0
I
62.1
62.0
t
59.9
60.0
I
61.
61.2
78
70
i
64.4
60.0
4
3
6
2
19
17
4
11
7
11
10
7
10
14
1
2
7
1
60.6
60.8
60.1!
59.9;
I
I
62.9
62.9
)
)
51 60.0
48j 60.0
4
2
>
62.
62.2
36
10
4
3
2
5
6
3
1
7
2
8
9
9
6
)
.2901L
351 62.0
35j 62.1
I
I
60! 60.0
601 60.0
L
J
__
i
17
17
64.8$0.1442 . . . .
64.5 .1462 . . . .
26
27
60.7
59.9
.1799
.1875
4
7
3
4
4
1
50
and 60
un cts.
der and
60 over
cts.
7
9
9
10
61.1
61.0
78
25 30 40
and and and
un un un
der der der
30 40 50
cts. cts. cts.
20
and
un
der
25
cts.
60.0
TRIM M ER OPERATORS.
Alabama:
/1912
14 establishments. \1913
Arkansas:
/1912
19 establishments. \1913
18
and
un
der
20
cts.
7
2
3
10
15
10
16;
21
i
5
2
3
6
9
15
10
11
l
l
10
7
18
16
4
5
5
9
11
11
1
1
3
3
25
18
23
26
9
8
20
21
6
6
1
2
18
l
15i 21 24
12! 23i 25
1
1
53
WAGES AND HOUKS OF LABOR, 1907 TO 1913-----LUMBER.
T a b le
I I I . —AVERAGE AND CLASSIFIED RATES OP WAGES PER HOUR
IN EACH STATE, B Y YEARS, 1912 AND 1913—Concluded.
TRIMM ER OPERATORS—Concluded.
Number of employees earning each classified rate of wages
per hour.
Average Aver
Num full
age
ber of
16 18 20 25 30 40 50
10 12 14
State, and number Year. em- time rate of
Un and and and and and and and and and and 60
hours
of establishments.
pi°y- per
per der un un un un un un un un un un cts.
week. hour. 10 der der der der der der der der der der and
18 20 25 30 40 50 60 over.
cts. 12 14 16
cts. cts. cts. cts. cts. cts. cts. cts. cts. cts.
California:
/1912
14 establishments. \1913
Florida:
/1912
12 establishments. \1913
Georgia:
1912
20 establishments, L
1913
Louisiana:
1912
23 establishments. ,1913
Maine:
/1912
8 establishments.. \1913
Michigan:
/1912
30 establishments. \1913
Minnesota:
/1912
7 establishments.. \1913
Mississippi:
/1912
16 establishments. \1913
North Carolina:
23 establishments. /1912
\1913
Oregon:
/1912
6 establishments.. \1913
Pennsylvania:
19 establishments 1912
,1913
South Carolina:
1912
9 establishments.. l1913
Tennessee:
/1912
29 establishments. \1913
Texas:
/1912
12 establishments \1913
Virginia:
/1912
23 establishments. \1913
Washington:
23 establishments. /1912
\1913
West Virginia:
/1912
20 establishments.
\1913
Wisconsin:
/1912
19 establishments. \1913
$0.2659
0.0
5
5
1
1
2
3
5
4
1
1
2
2
.1539
.1563
3
4
6
4
6
5
1
2
1
2
3
3
1
1
2
3
2
1
1
1
20
16
6
8
.1891
.1878
12
12
1
1
5
10
2
.2125
..2199
3
2
5
49
48
4
6
4
12
22
29
2
.2644
.2607
,3
19
15
.1544
.1533
.2138
.2190
31
6
5
1
.1604
.1714
1
5
2
9
6
1
7
2
3
5
1
.1491
.1545
4
3
5
4
13
11
2
5
2
3
1
1
1
1
.3127
.3192
3
2
.2154
.2291
1
2
1
1
16
15
6
10
.1749
.1830
3
1
3
4
3
2 "*i
3
4
1
1
60.:
60.i
.1792
.1831
3
2
7
7
7
6
1
9
14
2
2
60.
60.1
.1931
.2160
1
6 ....
1
3
3
2
1
.1811
1
1
5
6
3
3
.3081
.3226
37
62.
.2392
.2423
60.
.2157
.2285
,
2
5
1
8
9
10
1
6
6
11
13
2
9
9
2
3
8
6
5
6
17
19
1
1
2
1
8
10
7
7
3
3
5
4
4
22
18
4
6
2
5
4
ETIN OF TH E BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS.
SRAGE AND CLASSIFIED FULL-TIME HOURS <
IN THE UNITED STATES, B Y YEARS, 1907 TC
>t opposite each bracketed group of years are for identical establishm
NUMBER.
Year.
Aver
Num age
full
ber
of em time
ploy hours
per
ees.
week.
Employees whose full-time hours per w<
Un
der
54
54
57
and
and
under under
57
60
60
Over
63
60
and
and
under under
66
63
f 1907
1 1908
| 1909
[ 1910
208
201
195
215
60.7
60.8
60.8
60.7
2
2
2
2
6
6
7
6
169
162
155
176
4
4
4
4
9
9
9
9
7
7
7
7
r 1910
L1911
1,327
1,298
61.4
61.3
6
6
22
22
967
959
12
12
50
51
9
9
r i9ii
L1912
852
869
61.5
61.4
1
2
14
15
610
628
4
6
37
39
8
8
r 1912
L1913
973
939
61.4
61.2
18
36
702
691
11
11
37
39
12
12
r 1907
1 1908
1909
[ 1910
79
78
77
84
60.7
60.7
60.7
60.7
1
1
1
1
1
2
2
2
65
63
62
69
2
2
2
2
3
3
3
3
2
2
2
2
r 1910
L1911
585
569
61.2
61.2
3
3
8
8
442
433
5
5
25
26
3
3
r 1911
L1912
684
686
61.3
61.2
1
2
8
9
521
524
3
3
33
38
4
4
f 1912
I 1913
751
754
61.2
61.0
1
13
29
569
581
8
8
35
36
6
6
r 1907
1908
1909
1910
4,097
3,662
3,910
4,582
60.5
60.6
60.5
60.5
12
12
12
15
121
185
171
228
3,544
3,027
3,278
3,890
50
51
52
53
171
188
193
187
52
51
52
51
r 1910
L1911
20,327
19,256
61.3
61.3
47
46
556 15,008
450 14,176
207
226
801
801
112
114
r 1911
L1912
26,784
25,506
61.4
61.5
11
25
388 19,567
355 18,336
145
145
1,661
1,531
200
263
f 1912
L1913
29,365
28,835
61.5
61.1
16
483 21,015
914 21,901
336
381
1,104
1,261
377
312
r 1911
L1912
1,156
1,165
61.3
61.1
f 1912
L1913
1,548
1,531
61.4
61.1
i 1907
1 1908
1909
[ 1910
71
69
69
73
r 1910
L1911
20
8
871
918
7
8
57
61
6
11
41
1,143
1,158
19
21
52
57
60.8
60.8
60.8
60.7
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
60
59
59
63
2
1
1
1
2
2
2
2
429
432
61.2
61.2
3
3
7
7
320
325
3
3
25
26
r 1911
L1912
508
492
61.2
61.2
1
2
7
8
388
379
2
3
30
27
r 1912
L1913
561
554
61.1
60.9
1
11
19
433
433
5
5
25
25
[ 1907
I 1908
I 1909
1910
14
14
13
14
61.3
61.3
61.3
61.3
1
1
1
1
10
10
9
10
1
1
1
1
21
15
2
2
2
2
55
WAGES AND HOURS OF LABOR, 1907 TO 1913— LUMBER.
I V . —AVERAGE AND CLASSIFIED FULL-TIME HOURS OF WORK
PER WEEK IN THE UNITED STATES, BY YEARS, 1907 TO 1913—
Continued.
T a b le
NUMBER—Concluded.
Occupation, and num
ber of establish
ments.
Year.
AverNum
ber
SKof em- time
ploy- hours
per
week.
Employees whose full-time hours per week were-
Un
der
54
54
57
and
and
under under
57
60
Over
63
60
and
and
under
under
66
63
60
Over
66
66
Sawyers, circular—
Concluded.
58 establishments...
1910
1911
61.9
62.0
1
1
54
51
2
2
21
21
3
3
72 establishments...
1911
1912
62.6
62.5
1
1
54
55
4
4
33
28
3
6
92 establishments...
Sawyers, gang:
1912
1913
62.4
62.0
3
4
69
79
1
1
8
8
30
22
8
9
1
1
2
2
13
14
2
3
19
19
1
1
20
18
7
7
12
12
119
123
5 establishments___
1907
1908
1909
1910
60.0
60.0
60.0
60.0
6
6
6
6
52 establishments...
1910
1911
61.4
61.6
48
43
66 establishments...
1911
1912
61.6
61.6
53
53
71 establishments...
Sawyers, resaw:
93 establishments...
1912
1913
79
61.7
61.4
1
4
55
55
1911
1912
149
147
60.7
60.7
*2
2
128
126
138 establishments..
Setters:
301 establishments..
1912
1913
197
192
60.7
60.7
2
4
168
164
1
1
7
6
19
17
1911
1912
714
713
61.3
61.3
1
2
8
9
537
537
3
3
38
39
121
116
6
7
1912
1913
780
782
61.3
61.0
1
14
24
588
607
6
6
37
37
126
96
9
11
1907
1908
1909
1910
72
37 establishments...
60.7
60.7
60.7
60.7
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
60
56
60
61
1
1
1
2
2
2
2
2
5
5
5
5
2
2
2
2
228 establishments..
1910
1911
503
485
61.0
61.0
4
4
5
5
397
383
5
5
12
12
77
73
3
3
294 establishments..
1911
1912
479
441
61.3
61.3
1
2
5
6
362
331
3
2
21
21
83
75
4
4
346 establishments..
1912
1913
511
538
61.2
61.0
1
11
18
387
420
5
5
17
16
86
73
5
5
361 establishments..
Trimmer operators:
1
1
.
1
1
PER CENT.
Carriage men:
1907
1908
1909
1910
208
201
195
215
60.7
60.8
60.8
60.7
1.0
1.0
1.0
.9
2.9
3.0
3.6
2.8
81.2
80.6
79.5
81.9
1.9
2.0
2.1
1.9
4.3
4.5
4.6
4.2
5.3
5.5
5.6
5.1
3.4
3.5
3.6
3.3
245 establishments. / 1910
\ 1911
Doggers:
/
273 establishments.. 1911
\ 1912
1,327
1,298
61.4
61.3
.5
.5
1.7
1.7
72.9
73.9
.9
.9
3.8
3.9
19.7
18.4
.7
.7
852
869
61.5
61.4
.1
.2
1.6
1.7
71.6
72.3
.5
.7
4.3
4.5
20.9
19.7
.9
.9
334 establishments.. / 1912
1 1913
973
939
61.4
61.2
1.8
3.8
72.1
73.6
1.1
1.2
3.8
4.2
19.8
16.0
1.2
1.3
f
41 establishments... I
1
I
56
BULLETIN OF TH E BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS.
T a b le I V . — AVERAGE
AND CLASSIFIED FULL-TIME HOURS OF WORK
PER WEEK IN THE UNITED STATES, BY YEARS, 1907 TO 1913—
Continued.
PER CENT—Continued.
Occupation, and num
ber of establish
ments.
Year.
Aver
Num age
ber
full
of em time
ploy hours
ees.
per
week.
Employees whose full-time hours per week were—
Un
der
54
54
57
and
and
under under
57
60
60
Over
63
60
and
and
under under
66
63
66
Over
66
Edgermen:
41 establishments-..
1907
1908
1909
1910
79
78
77
84
60.7
60.7
60.7
60.7
1.3
1.3
1.3
1.2
1.3
2.6
2.6
2.4
82.3
80.8
80.5
82.1
2.5
2.6
2.6
2.4
3.8
3.8
3.9
3.6
6.3
6.4
6.5
6.0
2.5
2.6
2.6
2.4
245 establishments..
1910
1911
585
61.2
61.2
.5
1.4
1.4
75.6
76.1
.9
.9
4.3
4.6
16.9
16.0
.5
.5
299 establishments..
1911
1912
684
61.3
61.2
1.2
1.3
76.2
76.4
.4
.4
4.8
5.5
16.7
15.5
.6
.6
361 establishments..
Laborers:
1912
1913
751
754
61.2
61.0
.1
1.7
3.8
75.8
77.1
1.1
1.1
4.7
4.8
16.0
12.3
.8
.8
41 establishments...
1907
1908
1909
1910
4,097
3,662
3,910
4,582
60.5
60.6
60.5
60.5
.3
.3
.3
.3
3.0
5.1
4.4
5.0
86.5
82.7
83.8
84.9
1.2
1.4
1.3
1.2
4.2
5.1
4.9
4.1
3.6
4.0
3.9
3.4
1.3
1.4
1.3
1.1
245 establishments.
1910
1911
20,327
19,256
61.3
61.3
.2
.2
2.7
2.3
73.8
73.6
1.0
1.2
3.9
4.2
17.7
17.9
.6
.6
299 establishments.
1911
1912
26,784
25,506
61.4
61.5
<l>-
1.4
1.4
73.1
71.9
.5
.6
6.0
6.0
18.2
19.0
.7
1.0
361 establishments.
Machine feeders, plan
ing mill:
178 establishments.
1912
1913
29,365
28,835
61.5
61.1
.1
1.6
3.2
71.6
76.0
1.1
1.3
3.8
4.4
20.6
14.0
1.3
1.1
1911
1912
1,156
1,165
61.3
61.1
1.7
.7
75.3
78.8
.6
.7
4.9
5.2
17.4
14.6
253 establishments.
Sawyers, band:
1912
1913
1,548
1,531
61.4
61.1
.4
.7
2.7
73.8
75.6
1.2
1.4
3.4
3.7
19.5
15.2
34 establishments..
1907
1908
1909
1910
69
73
60.8
60.8
60.8
60.7
1.4
1.4
1.4
1.4
1.4
1.4
1.4
1.4
84.5
85.5
85.5
86.3
2.8
1.4
1.4
1.4
2.8
2.9
2.9
2.7
7.0
7.2
7.2
6.8
203 establishments.
1910
1911
429
432
61.2
61.2
.7
.7
1.6
1.6
74.6
75.2
.7
.7
5.8
6.0
16.5
15.7
243 establishments.
1911
1912
508
492
61.2
61.2
.4
1.4
1.6
76.4
77.0
.4
.6
5.9
5.5
15.7
14.8
288 establishments.
Sawyers, circular:
1912
1913
561
554
61.1
60.9
.2
2.0
3.4
77.2
78.2
.9
.9
4.5
4.5
15.5
12.8
12 establishments...
1907
1908
1909
1910
14
14
13
14
7.1
7.1
7.7
7.1
71.4
71.4
69.2
71.4
7.1
7.1
7.7
7.1
58 establishments...
1910
1911
81
78
61.3
61.3
61.3
61.3 i!
61.9 !.
62.0 j.
1.2
1.3
66.7
65.4
2.5
2.6
25.9
26.9
3.7
3.8
1911
72 establishments... . 1912
95
94
6?. 6
62.5
1.1
1.1
56.8
58.5
4.2
4.3
34.7
29.8
3.2
6.4
1912
1913
119
123
62.4
62.0
2.5
3.3
58.0
64.2
6.7
6.5
25.2
17.9
6.7
7.3
92 establishments...
Sawyers, gang:
5 establishments—
1907
1908
1909
1910
100.0
60.0
100.0
60.0
100.0
60.0
100.0
60.0
i Less than one-tenth of 1 per cent.
.8
.8
1.4
1.0
14.3
14.3
15.4
14.3
57
WAGES AND HOURS OF LABOR, 1907 TO 1913---- LUMBER.
T a b l e I V . — AVERAGE
AND CLASSIFIED FULL-TIME HOURS OF WORK
PER WTEEK IN THE UNITED STATES, BY YEARS, 1907 TO 1913—
Concluded.
PER CENT—Concluded.
Occupation, and num
ber of establish
ments.
Year.
AverNum* ber
of em time
ploy hours
per
ees.
week.
Employees whose full-time hours per week were-
Under
54
Over
54
57
and
and
under under
57
60
63
60
and
and
under under
66
63
Sawyers, gang—Con.
52 establishments...
1910
1911
61.4
61.6
75.0
71.7
66 establishments...
1911
1912
61.6
61.6
71.6
70.7
71 establishments...
1912
1913
79
Sawyers, resaw:
98 establishments-..
1911
1912
1.6
1.7
66
3.1
3.3
20.3
23.3
2.7
4.0
25.7
25.3
1.3
1.3
25.3
22.5
61.7
61.4
1.3
5.0
68.8
149
147
60.7
60.7
1.3
1.4
85.9
85.7
4.7
4.8
8.1
8.2
1912
1913
197
192
60.7
60.7
1.0
2.1
85.3
85.4
3.6
3.1
9.6
1911
1912
714
713
61.3
61.3
1.1
1.3
75.2
75.3
5.2
5.5
16.9
16.3
1912
1913
780
782
61.3
61.0
1.8
3.1
75.4
77.6
.8
4.7
4.7
16.2
12.3
1907
1908
1909
1910
72
37 establishments...
60.7
60.7
60.7
60.7
1.4
1.5
1.4
1.4
83.3
82.4
83.3
82.4
1.4
1.5
1.4
2.7
2.9
2.8
2.7
228 establishments.
1910
1911
503
485
61.0
61.0
1.0
1.0
78.9
79.0
1.0
1.0
2.4
2.5
15.3
15.1
294 establishments.
1911
1912
479
441
61.3
61.3
1.0
1.4
75.6
75.1
.6
.5
4.4
4.8
17.3
17.0
346 establishments.
1912
1913
511
538
61.2
61.0
2.2
3.3
75.7
78.1
1.0
3.0
16.8
13.6
138 establishments..
Setters:
301 establishments..
361 establishments..
Trimmer operators:
1.3
1.3
6.9
7.4
58
BU LLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS.
T a b le V . — AVERAGE
AND CLASSIFIED FULL-TIME HOURS OF WORK
PER WEEK IN EACH YEAR, BY STATES, 1912 AND 1913.
DOGGERS.
Year and State.
Number of employees whose full-time hours per week
were—
Aver
Num Num age
ber of ber of full
Over 51
estab em time
Over 57
54
lish ploy hours Un
48
and
Over
der
and under
54
ments. ees.
per
48
and and
60
60
week. 48
under 54
under under
60
51
57
1913.
Alabama............
Arkansas...........
California...........
Florida..............
Georgia..............
14
19
13
12
18
42
74
33
49
43
65.2
60.8
60.2
63.3
63.5
7
64
32
22
20
35
10
1
27
23
Louisiana..........
Maine.................
Michigan...........
Minnesota.........
Mississippi.........
23
14
30
4
16
93
60.5
69.8
60.0
60.0
64.0
85
10
91
30
20
8
15
91
30
59
North Carolina..
Oregon...............
Pennsylvania...
South Carolina..
Tennessee..........
20
6
14
8
28
47
20
19
34
43
62.2
59.9
62.3
61.8
60.5
Texas.................
Virginia.............
Washington___
West Virginia...
Wisconsin.........
12
23
25
18
17 i
44
59
79
28
61
fin 1
63.3
60.0
61.9
60 0
Total........
334 ;
973
Alabama............
Arkansas...........
California..........
Florida..............
Georgia.. .*........
14
19
13
12
18
43
72
33
49
45
65.1
60.0
60.2
63.3
63.6
Louisiana..........
Maine.................
Michigan...........
Minnesota.........
Mississippi....... .
23
14
30
4
16
95
27
88
12
60
60.3
62.8
60.0
60.0
60.0
North Carolina..
Oregon..............
Pennsylvania...
South Carolina..
Tennessee..........
20
6
14
8
28
46
20
19
34
45
62.4
60.0
61.6
61.8
60.8
Texas............... .
Virginia........... .
Washington___
West Virginia..
Wisconsin....... .
12
23
25
18
17
42
62
67
28
52
60.0
63.1
60.0
62.0
60.0
Total____
334
939
61.2
4
4
2
3
!.........
1
1......... .........j.........
'.........
!
; .......|.........
i.........
;
j
61.4
5
24
16
9
20
36
39
19
8
14
4
40
4
17
37
79
19 ....... 9
61
702
253
8
63
32
22
20
35
2
1
27
25
9
1
78
10
88
12
60
8
16
4
22
20
11
20
35
20
35
20
67
16
52
4
37
18
191 3 .
7
2
3
3
5
2
i
36
691
6
14
7
’"io
212
EDGERMEN.
1912,
Alabama..........
Arkansas.........
California........
Florida............
Georgia............
14
19
14
12
22
21
52
32
19
26
65.1
60.6
60.2 .
63.5
64.1
4
47
31
8
9
17
5
1
11
17
WAGES AND HOURS OF LABOR, 1907 TO 1913-----LUMBER.
59
V . —AVERAGE AND CLASSIFIED FULL-TIME HOURS OF WORK
PER WEEK IN EACH YEAR, BY STATES, 1912 AND 1913—Continued.
T a b le
EDGERMEN—Concluded.
Num
ber of
estab
lish
ments.
Year and State.
Number of employees whose full-time hours per week
were—
Aver
Num age
ber of full
Over 57
Over 51
em time
and
48
54
ploy hours Un
Over
60
and and
ees.
per der
48 and under 54
60
under under
under 54
week. 48
60
57
51
1912—Concluded.
Louisiana..................
______
23
19
30
7
16
62
33
75
60
36
61.0
6ft. 0
60.0
60.0
64.0
North Carolina...............
Tennessee......................
23
6
19
9
29
35
12
25
20
34
6ft. 2
59.9
61.9
61.8
60.6
Texas.............................
Virginia
...................
Washington....................
West Virginia.................
Wisconsin.......................
12
23
25
20
19
33
35
33
31
77
60.1
63.0'
60.0
61.9
60.0
Total.....................
361
751
61.2
Alabama..........................
Arkansas.........................
California........................
Florida............................
Georgia............................
14
19
14
12
22
22
53
33
18
25
65.1
59.9
60.2
63.3
64.0
Louisiana........................
Maine..............................
Michigan.........................
Minnesota.......................
Mississippi.................. .
23
19
30
7
16
65
35
77
60
37
60.8
61.7
60.0
60.0
60.0
North Carolina...............
Oregon.............................
Pennsylvania.................
South Carolina...............
Tennessee...........................................
23
6
19
9
29
35
10
25
19
36
62.2
60.0
61.4
61.9
60.9
Texas...............................
Virginia...........................
Washington....................
West Virginia...............................
Wisconsin.......................
12
23
25
20
19
30 60.0
39 62.9
32 60.0
31 62.0
72 60.0
.
51
19
75
60
12
2
2
3
11
14
24
19
10
13
12
27
14
29
12
33
21
77
4
20
569
169
4
45
32
8
9
18
1
1
10
16
6
1
48
21
77
60
37 i
11
13
2 1
'
3
19
10
15
11
25
14
24
14
32
18
72
4
22
3
3
13
9
8
4
10
1913.
Total.....................
361
754
:
!
i
7
1
................! ..................i ..................
i
;
! ................ 1................. 1
!
!
i* "
i .............i
1
.
i
■
1
I
i
1
61.0 1
1
1
i
ii
!
;
i
i
i
1 1 !1
3
1
I
Ii
i ................! ................. 1
| ................ ■;................. i
1................ i ................. j
2
3
1
i................
i
!
i ||
2
29
i
581
7
8
7
11
143
LABORERS.
1912.
Alabama.........................
Arkansas.........................
California........................
Florida............................
Georgia............................
14
19
14
12
22
Louisiana........................
Maine...............................
Michigan.........................
Minnesota.......................
Mississippi......................
23
19
30
7
16
1,574
2,141
1,311
1,208
1,529
2,519
865
2,001
1,337
1,730
65.4
60.6
60.1
63.5
64.0
61.0
61.9
60.0
60.0
64.6
198 1,376
1,944
197
22
1,289
509
699
578
951
462
2,057
509
356
2,001
1,337
412 i,§i8
60
BULLETIN OF TH E BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS.
T a b le V . — AVERAGE
AND CLASSIFIED FULL-TIME HOURS OF WORK
PER WEEK IN EACH YEAR, BY STATES, 1912 AND 1913—Continued.
LABORERS—Concluded.
Year and State.
Num
ber of
estab
lish
ments.
I
Number of employees whose full-time hours per week
|
were—
lAverNum-1 age
ber o f; fuilOver 57
Over 51
em- ! time
ploy- hours Un
48
54
and
Over
ees. ! per der
and under
54
and and
60
under under
iweek. 48
under 54
60
51
5'
|
______!_____
1912—Concluded.
Pennsylvania..
South Carolina.,
Tennessee..........
23
6
19
9
29
I 1,732 j 61.7
I 767 ! 59.9
I 834 i 61. 8
! 1,037 61.4
; 992 60.7
Texas...............
Virginia...........
Washington—
West Virginia..
Wisconsin........
12
23
25
20
19
; 1,380
j. 1,289
I 2,bt,1
! 907
j 1,618
60.1
63.0
6C.0
361 29,365
61.5
North Carolina............
Total...... .
101
124
92
111
02.2
60.0
1,105
643
454
704
810
526
1,228
457
2,594
568
1,618
152
721
333
127
339
483 21,015 |7,867
1913.
Alabama..
Arkansas..
California.
Florida—
Georgia...
14
19
14
12
22
Louisiana..
Maine.........
Michigan...
Minnesota..
Mississippi.
23 2,368 60.9
19 1,000 ! 61.8
30 2,080 ! 60.0
7 1,418 ! 60.0
16 1,587 j 60.2
North Carolina..
Oregon...............
Pennsylvania...
South Carolina..
Tennessee..........
23
6
19
9
29
1,868
842
751
957
1,002
61.7
|60.0
i 61.5
161.3
|61.1
Texas...............
Virginia...........
Washington—
West Virginia..
Wisconsin........
12 1,362
23 1,434
25 2,211
20
882
19 1,990
60.1
63.2
60.0
62.2
60.0
361 28,835
61.1
Total..
1,038
2,205
1,389
1,072
1,379
, 65.2
1 60.0
i 60.1
! 63.3
|63.9
205
173
865
1,949
51
1,369
20
477
595
531 | 848
1,707
566
2,080
1,418
1,535
442
403
1,214
842
411
”ii3‘
656
717
54
578
*227
301
215
1,106
445
196
876
219
31
76
16
60
113
52
2,211
16
504
1,990
335
914 21,901
1,004
MACHINE FEEDERS, PLANING MILL.
1912.
Alabama.........................
Arkansas.........................
California........................
Florida............................
Georgia............................
12
18
9
11
16
77
205
36
45
60
65.9
60.4
60.0
63.5
64.1
5
190
36
19
20
72
15
Louisiana........................
Maine..............................
Michigan.........................
Minnesota.......................
Mississippi......................
22
15
10
5
16
169
34
117
59
92
60.9
63.0
60.0
60.0
64.4
142
12
117
59
24
27
22
North Carolina...............
Oregon.............................
Pennsylvania.................
South Carolina...............
Tennessee........................
19
6
9
7
6
120
53
16
35
17
61.2
59.9
63.4
63.3
62.5
1
7
2
26
40
68
92
27
46
4 *“ *io
24
11
7
10
61
WAGES AN D HOURS OF LABOR, 1907 TO 1913-----LUMBER.
T a b le V . — AVERAGE AND CLASSIFIED FULL-TIME HOURS OF WORK
PER WEEK IN EACH YEAR, B Y STATES, 1912 AND 1913—Continued.
MACHINE! FEEDERS, PLANING M H X —Concluded.
Year and State.
Number of employees whose full-time hours per week
were—
Aver
Num Num age
ber of ber of full
Over 51
Over 57
estab em time
54
lish ploy hours Un
48
Over
and
60
and and
per der
and under
54
48
ments. ees.
60
under under
week. 48
under 54
60
51
57
1912—Concluded.
12
13
23
13
11
99
52
160
36
66
60.1
63.8
60.0
61.9
60.0
.........
253
1,548
61.4
Alabama..........................
Arkansas.........................
California........................
Florida............................
......................
Georgia
12
18
9
11
16
75
197
45
45
68
65.8
59.7
60.0
63.6
63.9
Louisiana........................
Maine ..........................
Michigan.........................
Minnesota.......................
Mississippi......................
22
15
10
5
16
193
34
83
47
104
60.8
63.0
60.0
60.0
60.0
North Carolina...............
Oregon.............................
Pennsylvania.................
South Carolina...............
Tennessee ....................
19
6
9
7
6
120 61.5
66 60.0
16 62.3
40 62.7
15 64.5
Texas ...........................
Virginia
...................
Washington .
..........
West Virginia.
Wisconsin.....................
12
13
23
13
11
93
47
133
34
76
60.0
63.6
60.0
62.5
60.0
Total.....................
253
1,531
61.1
Wisconsin.......................
Total
1
11
90
9
35
16
160
24 ****i2
66
1,143
394
5
176
45
18
25
70
1913.
5
16
14
1
2
1
4
2
2
5
1
41
SAW YER S, BAND.
1912.
Alabama..........
Arkansas..........
California.........
Florida.............
Georgia............
6
17
11
6
11
7
33
26
12
16
65.1
60.9
60.0
63.0
62.9
Louisiana........
Maine...............
Michigan..........
Minnesota........
Mississippi.......
17
13
28
7
9
35
27
62
45
18
60.8
61.5
60.0
60.0
64.0
North Carolina.
Oregon.............
Pennsylvania..
South Carolina.
Tennessee.........
17
5
16
8
29
27
8
23
17
35
62.9
59.9
62.1
61.9
60.4
Texas...............
Virginia............
Washington___
West Virginia..
Wisconsin........
10
22
17
20
19
21
35
33
31
50
60.1
63.0
60.0
62.1
60.0
561
61.1
T otal....
11
146
12
83
47
104
27
43
33
22
86
33
66
7 ....... 7
14
26
12
2
8
81
15
30
133
17 " " i h
76
1,158
326
62
BU LLETIN OF TH E BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS.
T able V , —AVERAGE AND CLASSIFIED FULL-TIME HOURS OF WORK
PER WEEK IN EACH YEAR, BY STATES, 1912 AND 1913—Continued.
SAW YER S, BAND—Concluded.
Year and State.
Number of employees whose full-time hours per week
were—
Aver
Num Num age
ber of ber of full
Over 51
estab em time
Over 57
lish ploy hours Un
48
54
and
Over
per der
48
54
ments. ees.
and under
and and
60
60
week. 48
under 54
under under
60
51
57
1913.
Alabama.........................
Arkansas.........................
California........................
Florida............................
Georgia...........................
6
17
11
6
11
7
33
26
12
17
65.1
60.1
60.0
63.0
63.1
Louisiana........................
Main<e.............................
Michigan.........................
Minnesota.......................
Mississippi......................
17
13
28
7
9
36
28
59
45
18
60.6
61.2
60.0
60.0
60.0
North Carolina...............
Oregon.............................
Pennsylvania.................
South Carolina...............
Tennessee......................
17
16
. 8
29
27
8
23
17
35
62.9
60.0
61.6
61.9
60.6
Texas..............................
Virginia...........................
Washington....................
West Virginia.................
Wisconsin.......................
10
22
17
20
19
20
35
30
31
47
59.9
63.0
60.0
62.2
60.0
Total.....................
288
554
60.9
5
2
6
9
5
7
28
20
59
45
18
2
11
14
8
14 ....... 7
7
10
5
26
3
2
3
1
1
6
1
3
1
2
1
1
30
26
6
8
19
16
12
30
18
47
2
20
433
101
12
SAW YER S, CIRCULAR.
1913.
Alabama.......... .
Arkansas.......... .
California......... .
Florida..............
Georgia............ .
10
2
3
6
11
Louisiana..........
Maine...............
Michigan..........
Mississippi.......
North Carolina.
9
6
6
7
7
Oregon..............
Pennsylvania..
Texas...............
Washington___
Wisconsin........
2
4
4
11
2
14
2
3
9
13
65.1
60.0
62.0
64.0
66.0
3
11
2
2 ....... i
3
6
2
11
9 61.2
6 64.3
17 60.0
10 64.8
8 60.0
2
5
5
12
2
59.8
60.6
60.0
60.0
60.0
Other States___
2
2
61.5
Total____
92
119
62.4
Alabama..........
Arkansas..........
California.........
Florida.............
Georgia............
10
2
3
6
11
14
2
3
9
14
65.1
59.3
62.0
64.0
66.3
Louisiana.........
Maine^..............
Michigan.......... .
Mississippi....... .
North Carolina.,
9
6
6
7
7
7
2
6
17
2
8
8
1
2
1
2
5
12
2
1
1
3
69
47
3
1
2
3
2
11
7
2
6
1
1913.
10 61.0
6 64.3
16 60.0
10 60.0
8 60.0
1
1
16
10
8
1
6
12
WAGES AND HOURS OF LABOR, 1907 TO 1913-----LUMBER.
63
T a b le V . — AVERAGE
AND CLASSIFIED FULL-TIME HOURS OF WORK
PER WEEK IN EACH YEAR, BY STATES, 1912 AND 1913—Continued.
SAW YER S, CIRCULAR—Concluded.
Year and State.
Num
ber of
estab
lish
ments.
Number of employees whose full-time hours per week
were—
Aver
Num age
ber of full
Over 57
em time
Over 51
ploy hours Un
48
54
and
Over
per der
ees.
48. and under
54
and and
60
60
under under
week. 48
under 54
60
51
57
i
1913—Concluded.
Oregon.............................
Pennsylvania. . . .
Texas...............................
Washington....................
Wisconsin...............
.
2
4
4
11
2
3
5
5
13
2
60.0
60.6
60.0
60.0
60.0
Other States..................
2
3
61.0
Total....................
92
123
62.0
2
4
3
2
5
13
2
1
2
1
79
40
SAW YER S, GANG.
1
!
1912.
Alabama...............
Arkansas.........................
California........................
Florida............................
Georgia............................
6
8
2
5
4
8
8
2
5
4
66 1
60.0
60.0
64.8
64.5
8
2
1
1
Louisiana........................
Michigan.........................
Minnesota........................
Mississippi......................
Oregon.............................
9
3
3
6
4
9
3
5
6
4
60.6
60.0
60.0
63.0
60.0
8
3
5
3
4
Pennsylvania.................
Texas...............................
Virginia...........................
Washington.....................
Wisconsin........................
2
3
2
2
8
Other States...................
4
5
60.0
71 ;
79
61.7
Alabama..........................
Arkansas.........................
California........................
Florida............................
Georgia............................
6
8
2
5
4
8
8
2
6
4
66.1
59.6
60.0
65.0
64.5
Louisiana........................
Michigan..........................
Minnesota........................
Mississippi......................
Oregon.............................
9
3
3
6
4
9 60.4
3 60.0
5 60.0
6 60.0
4 60.0
Pennsylvania.................
Texas...............................
Virginia...........................
Washington....................
Wisconsin........................
2
3
2
2
8
Total.....................
i
2 62.5
3 60. 3
2 66.0
2 60.0
11 60.0
2
2
11
8
4
3
1
3
1
1
2
5
l
55
2
6
2
1
1
23
1913.
2
3
2
2
11
59.5
60.3
66.0
60.0
60.0
Other States...................
4
5
61.2
Total.....................
71
80
61.4
1
7
3
5
6
4
1
1
2
8
5
3
1-
1
2
2
11
4
1
4
1
55
21
64
BU LLETIN OF TH E BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS.
T a b le V — AVERAGE AND CLASSIFIED FULL-TIME HOURS OF
WORK
PER WEEK IN EACH YEAR, B Y STATES, 1912 AND 1913—Continued.
SAWYERS, KESAW.
Year and State.
Num
ber of
estab
lish
ments.
Number of employees whose full-time hours per week
were—
Aver
Num age
ber of full
em time
Over 57
Over 51
ploy hours Un
54
48
and
Over
ees.
per der
54
48
and and
60
and under
60
week. 48
under 54
under under
60
51
57
1912.
Arkansas.........................
California........................
Florida............................
Georgia............................
Louisiana........................
3
7
2
2
4
4
13
2
2
4
61.5
60.0
60.0
62.8
63.0
3
13
2
1
2
Maine...............................
Michigan.........................
Minnesota.......................
Mississippi......................
North Carolina...............
5
20
5
2
11
6
30
13
2
11
60.8
60.0
60.0
66.0
62.6
5
30
13
Oregon...........................
Pennsylvania.................
South Carolina...............
Tennessee........................
Virginia...........................
6
5
6
5
11
10
9
7
6
12
60.0
63.0
61.1
60.0
62.6
Washington....................
West Virginia.................
Wisconsin.......................
23
7
13
32
7
26
60.0
61.7
60.0
Other States...................
1
Total.....................
138
197
60.7
Arkansas.........................
California........................
Florida............................
Georgia............................
Louisiana........................
3
7
2
2
4
4
14
2
2
4
60.0
60.0
60.0
62.8
63.0
Maine..............................
Michigan.........................
Minnesota.......................
Mississippi......................
North Carolina...............
5
20
5
2
11
7
25
13
2
11
60.6
60.0
60.0
60.0
62.6
Oregon.............................
Pennsylvania.................
South Carolina...............
Tennessee........................
Virginia...........................
6
5
6
5
11
11
8
7
6
14
60.0
62.8
61.1
60.0
62.6
Washington....................
West Virginia.................
Wisconsin.......................
23
7
13
31
7
23
60.0
61.6
60.0
1
1
1 60.0
1
1
2
1
6
2
5
9
4
5
6
5
5
2
32
5
26
2
6
1
2
168
27
4
14
2
1
2
1
2
1913.
Other States...................
1
1
60.0
Total......................
138
192
60.7
i
1
5
25
13
2
6
1
5
11
4
5
6
5
4
2
1
31
4
23
2
4
164
2
7
1
24
65
WAGES AN D HOURS OF LABOR, 1907 TO 1913-----LUMBER.
T a b l e V . —AVERAGE
AND CLASSIFIED FULL-TIME HOURS OF WORK
PER WEEK IN EACH YEAR, B Y STATES, 1912 AND 1913—Continued.
SETTERS—Concluded.
Year and State.
Num
ber of
estab
lish
ments.
Number of employees whose full-time hours per week
were—
Aver
Num age
ber of full
em time
Over 51
Over 57
54
48
ploy hours Un
and
Over
54
and and
48
and under
60
ees.
per der
60
under 54
under under
week. 48
60
57
51
191 2 —Concluded.
44
28
81
78
9
23
19
30
7
16
55 61.1
42 61.6
81 60.0
78 60.0
33 64.4
Pennsylvania.................
South Carolina.
Tennessee........................
23
6
19
9
29
42
10
32
19
36
62.1
59.9
61.6
62.2
60.6
Texas...............................
Virginia...........................
Washington....................
West Virginia.................
Wisconsin........................
12
23
25
20
19
32
37
51
35
60
60.1
62.9
60.0
62.0
60.0
I
Total......................
261
780
61.3
.........1.........
Alabama..........................
Arkansas.........................
Caliiomia........................
Florida............................
Georgia............................
14
19
14
12
22
21
35
29
21
31
65.1
60.0
60.2
63.4
64.5
Louisiana........................
Maine...............................
Michigan.........................
Minnesota.......................
Mississippi. . . . . . . . . . . . . .
23
19
30
7
16
54
44
77
88
32
61.0
61.4
60.0
60.0
60.0
North Carolina...............
Oregon.............................
Pennsylvania.................
South Carolina...............
Tennessee........................
23
6
19
9
29
41
12
32
19
38
62.0
60.0
61.2
62.2
60.8
Texas...............................
Virginia...........................
Washington....................
West Virginia.................
Wisconsin........................
12
23
25
20
19
28
37
48
35
60
59.9
62.9
60.0
62.1
60.0
Total.....................
361
782
61.0
Louisiana........................
Michigan
Minnesota.......................
Mississippi......................
North Carolina...............
24
24
8
18
10
29
16
30
14
51
23
60
2
20
588
178
4
31
28
9
10
17
1
1
12
21
4
1
39
30
77
88
32
11
13
2
24
12
20
10
27
15
23
14
48
21
60
2
20
607
150
4
23
26
5
8
13
3
1
11
13
25
17
61
26
6
6
3
2
2
4
I
11
14
3
3
14
10
9
4
12
1913.
3
4
1
3
3
3
1
1
24
8
9
7
13
TR IM M ER OPERATORS.
1913.
Alabama.........................
Arkansas.........................
California........................
Florida............................
Georgia............................
14
19
14
12
20
Louisiana........................
Maine...............................
Michigan.........................
Minnesota.......................
Mississippi......................
23
8
30
7
16
17 64.8
26 60.7
27 60.2
16 64.1
21 64.0
31
20
-61
26
21
61.1
60.5
60.0
60.0
64.3
45410°—Bull. 153—14----- -5
is
66
BU LLETIN OF TH E BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS.
V . —AVERAGE AND CLASSIFIED FULL-TIME HOURS OF WORK
PER WEEK IN EACH YEAR, B Y STATES, 1912 AND 1913—Concluded.
Table
TRIM M ER OPERATORS—Concluded.
Year and State.
Number of employees whose full-time hours per week
were—
Aver
Num Num age
ber of ber of full
estab em time
Over 51
Over 57
lish ploy hours Un
54
48
Over
and
and and
per der
48
and under
54
ments. ees.
60
60
week. 48
under 54
under under
60
51
57
1 91 2 — Concluded.
North Carolina...............
Oregon.............................
Pennsylvania.................
South Carolina................
Tennessee............... .......
23
6
19
9
29
28
12
26
13
29
62.2
60.0
61.5
61.7
60.3
Texas...............................
Virginia...........................
Washington....................
West Virginia.................
Wisconsin.......................
12
23
23
20
19
18
25
36
21
37
60.1
62.5
60.0
62.2
60.0
Total......................
346
511
61.2
Alabama............... ..........
Arkansas.........................
California........................
Florida............................
Georgia............................
14
19
14
12
20
17
27
26
16
21
64.5
59.9
60.2
64.1
64.0
Louisiana........................
Maine...............................
Michigan.........................
Minnesota.......................
Mississippi......................
23
8
30
7
16
30
23
58
49
21
61.0
60.0
60.0
60.0
60.0
North Carolina...............
Oregon.............................
Pennsylvania.................
South Carolina................
Tennessee........................
23
6
19
9
29
28
13
26
13
31
62.2
60.0
61.3
61.7
60.6
Texas...............................
V irginia...........................
Washington....................
West Virginia.................
Wisconsin........................
12
23
23
20
19
17
26
37
22
37
60.0
62.6
60.0
62.6
60.0
Total......................
346
538
61.0
1
1
4
16
11
14
8
24
11
16
11
36
13
37
2
12
387
113
4
22
25
5
8
13
1
1
11
13
2
22
22
58
49
21
6
1
1
16
13
15
8
22
11
3
2
11
8
5
2
8
1913.
4
4
1
3
1
2
1
1
18
14
11
37
11
37
420
•j
5
5
I
13
10
99
67
WAGES AND HOURS OF LABOR, 1907 TO 1913-----LUMBER.
T a b le
V I . —AVERAGE AND CLASSIFIED FULL-TIME HOURS OF WORK
PER WEEK IN EACH STATE, BY YEARS, 1912 AND 1913.
[The figures set opposite each bracketed group of years are for identical establishments.]
DOGGERS.
State, and number of
Alabama:
14 establishments.
Arkansas:
19 establishments.,
California:
13 establishments.,
Florida:
12 establishments.
Georgia:
18 establishments.,
Louisiana:
23 establishments.
Maine:
14 establishments.,
Michigan:
30 establishments..
Minnesota:
4 establishments..
Mississippi:
16 establishments..
North Carolina:
20 establishments..
Oregon:
6 establishments...
Pennsylvania:
14 establishments..
South Carolina:
8 establishments...
Tennessee:
28 establishments..
Texas:
12 establishments..
Virginia:
23 establishments..
Washington:
25 establishments..
West Virginia:
18 establishments..
Wisconsin:
17 establishments..
Num
ber
of
Year. em
ploy-
Number of employees whose full-time hours per week
were—
Aver
age
full
Over 51
time
Over 57
48
54
hours Un
and
54
48
per der
and and
and under
60 Over
under 54
week. 48
under under
60
51
57
/1912
\1913
42
43
65.2
65.1
35
35
/1912
U913
74
72
60.8
60.0
10
2
/1912
\1913
33
33
60.2
60.2
/1912
\1913
49
49
63.3
63.3
27
27
(1912
\1913
43
45
63.5
63.6
23
25
/1912
\1913
93
95
60.5
60.3
/1912
\1913
25
27
62.8
62.8
/1912
\1913
91
88
60.0
60.0
/1912
\1913
30 •60.0
12 60.0
/1912
\1913
59
60
64.0
60.0
39
1912
[1913
47
46
62.2
62.4
19
20
/1912
\1913
20
20
59.9
60.0
/1912
\1913
19
19
62.3
61.6
/1912
\1913
34
34
61.8
61.8
/1912
\1913
43
45
60.5
60.8
/1912
\1913
44
42
60.1
60.0
/1912
\1913
59
62
63.3
63.1
/1912
\1913
79
67
60.0
60.0
/1912
\1913
28
28
61.9
62.0
/1912
\1913
61
52
60.0
60.0
85
15
16
91
14
14
35
37
37
9
10
EDGERMEN.
Alabama:
14 establishments.
Arkansas:
19 establishments.
fl912
[1913
21
22
65.1
65.1
4
4
17
18
1912
[1913
52
53
60.6
59.9
47
45
5
1
68
BULLETIN OF TH E BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS.
T a b l e V I . — AVERAGE
AND CLASSIFIED FULL-TIME HOURS OF WORK
PER WEEK IN EACH STATE, BY YEARS, 1912 AND 1913—Continued.
EDGERMEN—Concluded.
State, and number of
establishments.
California:
14 establishments.
Florida:
12 establishments.
Georgia:
22 establishments.
Louisiana:
23 establishments,
Maine:
19 establishments,
Michigan:
30 establishments.
Minnesota:
7 establishments.
Mississippi:
16 establishments.
North Carolina:
23 establishments.
Oregon:
6 establishments.,
Pennsylvania:
19 establishments.
South Carolina:
9 establishments.
Tennessee:
29 establishments.
Texas:
12 establishments,
Virginia:
23 establishments
Washington:
25 establishments
West Virginia:
20 establishments
Wisconsin:
19 establishments
Num
ber
Year. of
em
ploy-
Number of employees whose full-time hours per week
were—
Aver
age
full
Over 51
Over 57
time
54
48
hours Un
and
54
48
and under
and and
per der
60 Over
60
under under
week. 48
imder 54
60
57
51
/1912
\1913
60.2
60.2
(1912
\1913
63.5
63.3
11
10
/1912
\1913
17
16
!
|
i
/1912
\1913
. . . . . i. . . . .
/1912
\1913
6
11
11
1
14
13
(1912
\1913
1
......... .........
,1912
\19I3
/1912
\1913
24
i
i
/1912
\1913
/1912
\1913
.........
2
2
i
1i: ” : ”
2
i
/1912
\1913
14
14
3
3
(1912
\1913
11912
U913
1
(1912
\1913
/1912
\1913
3
3
2
35
24
3
3
20
2
10
11
(1912
\1913
/1912
\1913
/1912
\1913
LABORERS.
Alabama:
14 establishments
Arkansas:
19 establishments
California:
14 establishments
Florida:
12 establishments
fl912 1,574
[1913 1,038
65.4
65.2
198
173
1,376
865
(1912 2,141
[1913 2,205
60.6
60.0
1,944
205 1,949
197
51
fl912 1,311
(1913 1,389
60.1
60.1
1,289
1,369
22
20
(1912 1,208
(1913 1,072
63.5
63.3
509
477
699
595
69
WAGES AN D HOURS OP LABOR, 1901 TO 1913— LUMBER.
V I . —AVERAGE AND CLASSIFIED FULL-TIME HOURS OF WORK
PER WEEK IN EACH STATE, BY YEARS. 1912 AND 1913—Continued.
T a b le
LABORERS—Concluded.
State, and number of
establishments.
Georgia:
22 establishments
Louisiana:
23 establishments
Maine:
19 establishments
Michigan:
30 establishments,
Minnesota:
7 establishments.
Mississippi:
16 establishments.
North Carolina:
23 establishments.
Oregon:
6 establishments.,
Pennsylvania:
19 establishments.
South Carolina:
9 establishments..
Tennessee:
29 establishments.
Texas:
12 establishments.
Virginia:
23 establishments.
Washington:
25 establishments.
West Virginia:
20 establishments.
Wisconsin:
19 establishments.
Number of employees whose full-time hours per week
were—
Num Aver
age
ber full
of time
Over
Year. em
Over 57
51
48
54
ploy per I Un
and
Over
and
and under
der
54
and under
48
ees. week. 48
60
under 54
under 60
51
57
/1912 1,529
\1913 1,379
64.0
63.9
578
531
951
/1912 2,519
\1913 2,368
61.0
60.9
2,057
219 1,707
462
442
1912
865
,1913 1,000
61.9
61.8
/1912 2,001
\1913
60.0
60.0
2,001
2,080
/1912 1,337
11913 1,418
60.0
60.0
1,337
1,418
1912 1,730
.1913 1,587
64.6
60.2
412
1,535
1,318
52
/1912 1,732
\1913
61.7
61.7
101 1,105
76 1,214
526
578
1912
.1913
767
842
60.0
/1912
\1913
834
751
61.8
61.5
1912 1,037
1913
957
61.4
61.3
/1912
992
\1913 1,002
60.7
61.1
1912 1 ,3 8 0
6 0 .1
1913 1,362
60.1
/1912 1,289
\1913 1,434
1912 2,594
.1913 2,211
/1912
\1913
907
/1912 1,618
\1913 1,990
31
16
566
356
403
124
643
842
92
113
454
411
227
704
656
333
301
810
717
127
215
55
54
152
196
60 :
111
113
457
445
721
876
43
568
504
335
5
5
72
70
190
176
15
60.0
60.0
62.2
62.2
60.0
60.0
MACHINE FEEDERS, PLANING M ILL.
Alabama:
12
establishments
Arkansas:
18 establishments
California:
9
establishments.
Florida:
11 establishments
Georgia:
16
establishments,
Louisiana:
22 establishments.
/1912
\1913
77
75
65.9
65.8
/1912
\1913
205
197
60.4
59.7 .
/1912
\1913
36
45
60.0
60.0 .
36
45
1912
[1913
45
45
63.5 .
63.6 .
19
18
26
27
/1912
\1913
60
68
64.1
63.9 .
20
25
40
43
/1912
\1913
169
193
60.9 .
60.8 .
142
146
27
33
16
14
70
BU LLETIN OF TH E BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS.
T a b le V I . — AVERAGE
AND CLASSIFIED FULL-TIME HOURS OF WORK
PER WEEK IN EACH STATE, BY YEARS, 1912 AND 1913—Continued.
MACHINE FEEDERS, PLANING M ILL—Concluded.
Number of employees whose full-time hours per week
were—
State, and number of
establishments.
Maine:
15 establishments
Michigan;
10 establishments
Minnesota:
5 establishments .
Mississippi:
16 establishments
North Carolina:
19 establishments
Oregon:
6 establishments.
Pennsylvania:
9 establishments.
South Carolina:
7 establishments.
Tennessee:
6 establishments.
Texas:
12 establishments
Virginia:
13 establishments
Washington:
23 establishments
West Virginia:
13 establishments
Wisconsin:
11 establishments
Num Aver
age
ber full
of
Year. em
time
hours Un
ploy- per der
week. 48
48
Over 51
48
and 1 and
under under
54
51
54
Over 57
54
and and
under under
60
57
60
/1912
\1913
34 63.0
34 63.0
12
12
/1912
\1913
117 60.0
83 60.0
117
83
/1912
\1913
59 |60.0
47 ' 60.0
59
47
/1912
\1913
92
104
64.4
60.0
/1912
\1913
120
120
61.2
61.5
/1912
\1913
53
Over
60
22
22
24
104
68
1
1
92
86
27
33
59.9
60.0
7
46
66
/1912
\1913
63.4
62.3
2
2
4
7
10
7
/1912
\1913
63.3
62.7
11
14
24
26
/1912
\1913
62.5
64.5
10
2
7
12
/1912
\1913
60.1
60.0
4
90
81
9
8
/1912
\1913
63.8
63.6
1
2
16
15
35
30
/1912
\1913
160
133
1
160
133
60.0
60.0
/1912
\1913
61.9
62.5
/1912
\1913
60.0
60.0
2
24
17
12
15
66
76
SAW YER S, BAND.
Alabama:
6 establishments.
Arkansas:
17 establishments
California:
11 establishments.
Florida:
6 establishments.
Georgia:
11 establishments.
Louisiana:
17 establishments.
Maine:
13 establishments.
(1912
(.1913
7
7
65.1
65.1
1
1
6
6
fl912
11913
33
33
60.9
60.1
28
30
5
1
fl912
[1913
26
26
60.0
60.0
26
26
fl912
[1913
12
12
63.0
63.0
6
6
6
6
fl912
[1913
16
17
62.9
63.1
8
8
8
9
fl912
[1913
35
36
60.8
60.6
30
28
5
5
fl912
[1913
27
28
61.5
61.2
19
20
8
7
WAGES AND HOURS OF LABOR, 1907 TO 1913---- LUMBER.
71
AVERAGE AND CLASSIFIED FULL-TIME HOURS OF WORK
PER WEEK IN EACH STATE, BY YEARS, 1912 AND 1913—Continued.
T a b le V I . —
SAW YERS, BAND—Concluded.
State, and number of
establishments.
Michigan:
28 establishments
Minnesota:
7 establishments.
Mississippi:
9 establishments.
North Carolina:
17 establishments.
Oregon:
5 establishments.
Pennsylvania:
16 establishments.
South Carolina:
8 establishments.
Tennessee:
29 establishments
Texas:
10 establishments.
Virginia:
22 establishments
Washington:
17 establishments
West Virginia:
20 establishments
Wisconsin:
19 establishments
Num
ber
of
Year. em
ploy-
Number of employees whose full-time hours per week
were—
Aver
age
full
time
Over 51
Over 57
54
48
hours Un
and
48
54
and under
and and
per der
week. 48
under 54
under under
60
57
51
/1912
\1913
/1912
\1913
60.0
60.0
/1912
\1913
64.0
60.0 :
/1912
\1913
62.9
62.9
/1912
\1913
59.9
60.0
/1912
\1913
62.1
61.6
)1912
\1913
61.9
61.9
/1912
\1913
60.4
60.6
J1912
\1913
60.1
59.9
/1912
\1913
63.0
63.0
/1912
\1913
60.0
60.0
(1912
\1913
62.1
/1912
\1913
60.0
60.0
62.2
SAW YER S, CIRCULAR.
Alabama:
10 establishments.
Arkansas:
2 establishments.
California:
3 establishments.
Florida:
6 establishments.
Georgia:
11 establishments
Louisiana:
9 establishments.
Maine:
6 establishments.
Michigan:
6 establishments.
Mississippi:
7 establishments.
H912
[1913
14
14
65.1
65.1
fl912
[1913
2
2
60.0
59.3
fl912
[1913
3
3
62.0
62.0
fl912
[1913
9
64.0
64.0
H912
[1913
13
14
66.0
66.3
fl912
[1913
9
10
61.2
61.0
H912
[1913
6
6
64.3
64.3
fl912
[1913
17
16
60.0
60.0
fl912
[1913
10
10
64.8
60.0
1
1
72
B U LLETIN OF TH E BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS.
V I . — AVERAGE AND CLASSIFIED FULL-TIME HOURS OF WORK
PER WEEK IN EACH STATE, BY YEARS, 1912 AND 1913—Continued.
T a b le
SAW YERS, CIRCULAR—Concluded.
State, and number of
establishments.
North Carolina:
7 establishments.
Oregon:
2 establishments.
Pennsylvania:
4 establishments.
Texas:
4 establishments.
Washington:
11 establishments
Wisconsin:
2 establishments.
Num
ber
of
Year. em
ploy*
Number of employees whose full-time hours per week
were—
Average
full
Over 51
time
Over i 57
48
54
hours Un
and
and under
54
per der
48
and and 60 Over
60
under 54
week. 48
under under
60
51
57
/1912
\1913
60.0
60.0
/1912
\1913
59.8
60.0
1
1
3
/1912
\1913
60.6
60.6
2
2
2
2
/1912
\1913
60.0
60.0
5
5
/1912
\1913
60.0
60.0
12
13
/1912
\1913
60.0
60.0
2
2
SAW YER S, GANG.
Alabama:
6 establishments,
Arkansas:
8 establishments
California:
2 establishments.
Florida:
5 establishments
Georgia:
4 establishments
Louisiana:
9 establishments
Michigan:
3 establishments
Minnesota:
3 establishments
Mississippi:
6 establishments
Oregon:
4 establishments
Pennsylvania:
2 establishments
Texas:
3 establishments
Virginia:
2 establishments
Washington:
2 establishments
Wisconsin:
8 establishments.
/1912
\1913
66.1
66.1
/1912
\1913
60.0
59.6
1912
,1913
J1912
\1913
64.8
65.0
/1912
\1913
64.5
64.5
/1912
\1913
60.6
60.4
/1912
\1913
60.0
60.0
;/1912
\1913
60.0
60.0
/1912
\1913
63.0
60.0
/1912
\1913
60.0
60.0
/1912
\1913
62.5
59.5
/1912
\1913
60.3
60.3
/1912
\1913
66.0
/1912
\1913
60.0
60.0
/1912
\1913
60.0
60.0
66.0
8
8
1
1
73
WAGES AN D HOURS OP LABOR, 1901 TO 1913-----LUMBER.
V I ___ AVERAGE AND CLASSIFIED FULL-TIME HOURS OF WORK
PER WEEK IN EACH STATE, BY YEARS, 1912 AND 1913—Continued.
T a b le
SAW YE R S, RESAW .
State, and number of
establishments.
Arkansas:
3 establishments..
California:
7 establishments..
Florida:
2 establishments..
Georgia:
2 establishments..
Louisiana:
4 establishments. .
Maine:
5 establishments..,
Michigan:
20 establishments.
Minnesota:
5 establishments..
Mississippi:
2 establishments..
North Carolina:
11 establishments.
Oregon:
6 establishments..
Pennsylvania:
5 establishments..
South Carolina:
6 establishments..
Tennessee:
5 establishments..
Virginia:
11 establishments.,
Washington:
23 establishments.
West Virginia:
7 establishments..
Wisconsin:
13 establishments.
Number of employees whose full-time hours per week
were—
Num Aver
age
ber full
of time
Over
Year. em
Over 57
51
54
hours Un
48
and
ploy per der
54
48
and under
and j and
60 Over
ees. week. 48
60
under under
under 54
60
57
51
1
/1912
\1913
4
4
61.5
60.0
3
4
/1912
\1913
13
14
60.0
60.0
13
14
/1912
\1913
2
2
60.0
60.0
2
2
/1912
\1913
2
2
62.8
6?. 8
1
1
1
1
/1912
\1913
4
4
63.0
63.0
2
2
2
2
/1912
•\1913
6
7
60.8
60.6
5
5
1
1
/1912
■\1913
30
25
60.0
60.0
30
25
11912
\1913
13
13
60.0
60.0
13
13
/1912
\1913
2
2
66.0
60.0
2
f1912
\1913
11
11
62.6
62.6
6
6
/1912
\1913
10
11
60.0
60.0
/1912
\1913
9
8
63.0
62.8
4
4
5
4
/1912
\1913-
7 61.1
7 61.1
5
5
2
2
/1912
\1913
6
6
60.0
60.0
6
6
/1912
\1913
12
14
62.6
62.6
/1912
\1913
32
31
60.0
60.0
/1912
\1913
7
7
61.7
61.6
/1912
\1913
26
23
60.0
60.0
1
1
1
2
2
5
5
9
11
5
5
6
7
32
31
1
5
4
26
23
2
2
74
BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS.
T able V I . —AVERAGE AND CLASSIFIED FULL-TIME HOURS OF WORK
PER WEEK IN EACH STATE, BY YEARS, 1912 AND 1913—Continued.
SETTERS.
State, and number of
establishments.
Alabama:
14 establishments.
Arkansas:
19 establishments.
California:
14 establishments.
Florida:
12 establishments.
Georgia:
22 establishments.
Louisiana:
23 establishments.
Maine:
19 establishments,
Michigan:
30 establishments,
Minnesota:
7 establishments.
Mississippi:
16 establishments.
North Carolina:
23 establishments.
Oregon:
6 establishments.
Pennsylvania:
19 establishments,
South Carolina:
9 establishments.
Tennessee:
29 establishments,
Texas:
12 establishments.
Virginia:
23 establishments,
Washington:
25 establishments,
West Virginia:
20 establishments.
Wisconsin:
19 establishments,
Number of employees whose full-time hours per week
were—
Num Aver
age
ber full
of time
Year. em
Over 51
Over 57
54
Un
48
ploy hours
and
and
54
60 Over
per
der
and under
and
ees. week. 48
48 iunder under
60
under
54
60
57
5!
4
4
17
17
30
31
5
1
28
28
1
1
J1912
(1913
9
9
12
12
/1912
\1913
10
10
21
21
/1912
\1913
/1912
(1913
3
/1912
\1913
60.
/1912
\1913
4
44
39
11
11
/1912
\1913
1
28
30
14
13
81
77
/1912
(1913
/1912
(1913
78
/1912
(1913
32
78
88
9
32
24
16
15
/1912
(1913
2
2
24
24
/1912
(1913
2
8
12
J1912
(1913
4
4
18
20
10
8
10
10
9
9
3
3
29
27
4
7
/1912
(1913
3
30
23
2
2
/1912
\1913
3
3
14
14
20
20
/1912
\1913
/1912
\1913
/1912
(1913
/1912
\1913
/1912
(1913
38
1
51
48
51
1
23
21
60
60
12
13
75
WAGES AND HOURS OF LABOR, 1907 TO 1913-----LUMBER.
V I . — AVERAGE AND CLASSIFIED FULL-TIME HOURS OF WORK
PER WEEK IN EACH STATE, BY YEARS, 1912 AND 1913—Concluded.
‘
T a b le
TRIM M ER OPERATORS.
State, and number of
establishments.
Alabama:
14 establishments.........
Arkansas:
19 establishments.........
California:
14 establishments.........
Florida:
12 establishments.........
Georgia:
20 establishments.........
Louisiana:
23 establishments.........
Maine:
8 establishments...........
Michigan:
30 establishments.........
Minnesota:
7 establishments...........
Mississippi:
16 establishments.........
North Carolina:
23 establishments.........
Oregon:
6 establishments...........
Pennsylvania:
19 establishments.........
South Carolina:
9 establishments...........
Tennessee:
29 establishments.........
Texas:
12 establishments.........
Virginia:
23 establishments.........
Washington:
23 establishments.........
West Virginia:
20 establishments.........
Wisconsin:
19 establishments.........
I
Number of employees whose full-time hours per week
were—
Aver
Num age
ber full
of time
Over 51
Year. em
Over 57
hoursi Un
54
48
and
ploy- per der
Over
54
48
and under
and and
60
under 54
under under
week. 48
60
51
57
/1912
\1913
64.8
64.5
/1912
\1913
60.7
59.9
/1912
\1913
60.2
60.2
(1912
\1913
64.1
64.1
11
11
/1912
\1913
64.0
64.0
13
13
/1912
\1913
61.1
61.0
/1912
\1913
60.5
60.0
/1912
\1913
60.0
60.0
/1912
\1913
60.0
60.0
1912
k
1913
64.3
60.0
/1912
\1913
28
1912
,1913
/1912
\1913
26
/1912
\1913
/1912
\1913
13
13
4
22
2
15
62.2
1
1
60.0
60.0
1
61.5
61.3
4
11
11
4
61.7
61.7
31
/1912
\1913
60.3
60.6
1
3
3
60.1
60.0
1
2
2
12
13
1
8
10
/1912
\1913
25
62.5
/1912
\1913
37
60.0
60.0
/1912
\1913
62.2
62.6
/1912
\1913
60.0
60.0
76
BU LLETIN OF TH E BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS.
V I I . —AVERAGE FULL-TIME HOURS OF WORK PER WEEK AND
AVERAGE FULL-TIME W EEKLY EARNINGS, BY STATES, 1912 AND
1913.
T able
DOGGERS.
1912
State.
Number
of
Average
establish Number full-time
of em hours per
ments.
ployees.
week.
1913
Average
Average Average
full-time Number
of em full-time full-time
weekly ployees.
hours per weekly
earnings.
week. earnings.
Georgia........................................
14
19
13
12
18
42
74
33
49
43
65.2
60.8
60.2
63.3
63.5
$8.81
10.34
13.63
9.62
8.85
43
72
33
49
45
65.1
60.0
60.2
63.3
63.6
$9.17
10.42
13.77
9.76
9.21
Louisiana.................................... i
Maine......................................... . !
Michigan.....................................
Minnesota....................................
Mississippi...................................
23
14
30
4
16
93
25
91
30
59
60.5
62.8
60.0
60.0
64.0
11.24
13.45
12.31
13.88
9.36
95
27
88
12
60
60.3
62.8
60.0
60.0
60.0
11.42
13.16
12.74
14.78
9.22
North Carolina............................
Oregon.........................................
Pennsylvania..............................
South Carolina............................
Tennessee....................................
20
6
14
8
28
47
20
19
34
43
62.2
59.9
62.3
61.8
60.5
8.57
14.77
11.96
8.29
9.96
46
20
19
34
45
62.4
60.0
61.6
61.8
60.8
8.99
15.30
12.12
8.34
9.97
Texas...........................................
Virginia.......................................
Washington................................
West Virginia.............................
Wisconsin....................................
12
23
25
18
17
44
59
79
28
61
60.1
63.3
60.0
61.9
60.0
11.02
9.00
13.78
12.60
12.60
42
62
67
28
52
60.0
63.1
60.0
62.0
60.0
11.23
9.21
14.71
13.00
13.10
Total..................................
334
973
61.4
11.06
939
61.2
11.22
Alabama......................................
Arkansas.....................................
California.....................................
EDGERMEN.
Alabama......................................
Arkansas.....................................
California.....................................
Florida.........................................
Georgia........................................
14
19
14
12
22
21
52
32
19
26
65.1
60.6
60.2
63.5
64.1
$12.42
15.56
20.43
14.85
13.27
22
53
33
18
25
65.1
59 9
60.2
63.3
64.0
$12.52
15.31
20.48
15.06
13.35
Louisiana....................................
Maine...........................................
Michigan.....................................
Minnesota....................................
Mississippi...................................
23
19
30
7
16
62
33
75
60
36
61.0
62.0
60.0
60.0
64.0
16.35
17.46
15.64
19.14
14.00
65
35
77
60
37
60.8
61.7
60.0
60.0
60.0
17.12
17.90
16.05
19.70
13.53
North Carolina............................
Oregon.........................................
Pennsvlvania..............................
South Carolina............................
Tennessee....................................
23
6
19
9
29
35
12
25
20
34
62.2
59.9
61.9
61.8
60.6
10.87
22.25
15.89
13.35
13.42
35
10
25
19
36
62.2
60.0
61.4
61.9
60.9
11.09
23.10
16.30
13.26
14.15
Texas...........................................
Virginia.......................................
Washington................................
West Virginia.............................
Wisconsin....................................
12
23
25
20
19
33
35
33
31
77
60.1
63.0
60.0
61.9
60.0
15.78
12.32
21.59
17.32
16.35
30
39
32
31
72
60.0
62.9
60.0
62.0
60.0
16.19
12.74
22.63
17.76
16.72
Total..................................
361
751
61.2
15.97
754
61.0
16.28
LABORERS.
Alabama.....................................
Arkansas.....................................
California.....................................
Florida........................................
Georgia........................................
14
19
14
12
22
1,574
2,141
1,311
1,208
1,529
65.4
60.6
60.1
63.5
64.0
$7.84
9.35
12.12
8.44
8.06
1,038
2,205
1,389
1,072
1,379
65.2
60.0
60.1
63.3
63.9
$8.09
9.33
12.45
8.59
8.33
Louisiana....................................
Maine..........................................
Michigan.....................................
Minnesota...................................
Mississippi...................................
23
19
30
7
16
2,519
865
2,001
1,337
1,730
61.0
61.9
60.0
60.0
64.6
9.84
11.41
10.55
13.22
8.41
2,368
1,000
2,080
1,418
1,587
60.9
61.8
60.0
60.0
60.2
9.92
11.44
10.76
14.24
8.39
WAGES AND HOURS OF LABOR, 1907 TO 1913-----LUMBER.
77
V I I , —AVERAGE FULL-TIME HOURS OF WORK PER WEEK AND
AVERAGE FULL-TIME W EEKLY EARNINGS, BY STATES, 1912 AND
1913—Continued.
T able
LABORERS—Concluded.
1912
1913
Number
of
establish Number Average Average Number Average Average
of em full-time full-time of em full-time full-time
ments.
per weekly
hours per weekly
ployees. hours
week. earnings. ployees.
week. earnings.
State.
North Carolina............................
Oregon....... .................................
Pennsylvania..............................
South Carolina............................
Tennessee....................................
23
6
19
9
29
1,732
767
834
1,037
992
61.7
59.9
61.8
61.4
60.7
$7.56
13.52
11.67
7.09
8.88
1,868
842
751
957
1,002
61.7
60.0
61.5
61.3
61.1
$7.8514.11
12.14
7.04
9.10
Texas...........................................
Virginia.......................................
Washington................................
West Virginia.............................
Wisconsin....................................
12
23
25
20
19
1,380
1,289
2,594
907
1,618
60.1
63.0
60.0
62.2
60.0
9.97
8-. 47
12.74
11.97
11.11
1,362
1,434
2,211
882
1,990
60.1
63.2
60.0
62.2
60.0
10.32
8.66
13.73
12.18
11.49
Total..................................
361
29,365
61.5
10.03
28,835
61.1
10.40
MACHINE FEEDERS, PLANING M ILL.
Alabama.....................................
Arkansas.....................................
California.....................................
Florida.........................................
Georgia........................................
12
18
9
11
16
77
205
36
45
60
65.9
60.4
60.0
63.5
64.1
$8.64
10.24
13.67
10.36
8.98
75
197
45
45
68
65.8
59.7
60.0
63.6
63.9
$8.72
10.11
13.73
9.85
9.32
Louisiana....................................
Maine...........................................
Michigan......................................
Minnesota....................................
Mississippi...................................
22
15
10
5
16
169
34
117
59
92
60.9
63.0
60.0
60.0
64.4
10.75
13.42
11.38
13.54
9.24
193
34
83
47
104
60.8
.63.0
60.0
60.0
60.0
10.98
13.44
11.58
14.51
9.25
North Carolina............................
Oregon.........................................
Pennsylvania..............................
South Carolina............................
Tennessee....................................
19
6
9
7
6
120
53
16
35
17
61.2
59.9
63.4
63.3
62.5
8.73
16.33
14.18
8.56
9.90
120
66
16
40
15
61.5
60.0
62.3
62.7
64.5
9.09
16.84
14.47
8.54
12.01
Texas...........................................
Virginia.......................................
Washington................................
West Virginia.............................
Wisconsin....................................
12
13
23
13
11
99
52
160
36
66
60.1
63.8
60.0
61.9
60.0
10.54
9.38
14.06
13.13
11.59
93
47
133
34
76
60.0
63.6
60.0
62.5
60.0
11.02
9.78
15.45
12.93
12.05
Total..................................
253
1,548
61.4
11.07 j
1,531
61.1
11.34
SAW YER S, BAND.
Alabama......................................
Arkansas.....................................
California.....................................
Florida.........................................
Georgia........................................
6
17
11
6
11
7
33
26
12
16
65.1
60.9
60.0
63.0
62.9
$35.27
39.44
31.87
38.50
35.83
7
33
26
12
17
65.1
60.1
60.0
63.0
63.1
$37.00
39.79
32.21
39.00
36.22
Louisiana....................................
Maine...........................................
Michigan......................................
Minnesota....................................
Mississippi...................................
17
13
28
7
9
35
27
62
45
18
60.8
61.5
60.0
60.0
64.0
40.34
31.50
30.29
43.60
36.50
36
28
59
45
18
60.6
61.2
60.0
60.0
60.0
41.67
31.64
30.59
43.87
35.67
North Carolina...........................
Oregon.........................................
Pennsylvania..............................
South Carolina............................
Tennessee....................................
17
5
16
8
29
27
8
23
17
35
62.9
59.9
62.1
61.9
60.4
30.49
36.75
23.78
36.18
25.74
27
8
23
17
35
62.9
60.0
61.6
61.9
60.6
30.66
38.44
24.18
36.35
25.95
Texas...........................................
Virginia.......................................
Washington................................
West Virginia.............................
Wisconsin....................................
10
22
17
20
19
21
35
33
31
50
60.1
63.0
60.0
62.1
60.0
36.49
29.49
33.81
27.77
31.03
20
35
30
31
47
59.9
63.0
60.0
62.2
60.0
36.89
29.45
34.90
27.56
33.53
Total..................................
288
561
61.1
33.47
554
60.9
33.90
78
BULLETIN OF TH E BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS.
V I I . —AVERAGE FULL-TIME HOURS OF WORK PER WEEK AND
AVERAGE FULL-TIME W EEKLY EARNINGS, B Y STATES, 1912 AND
1913—Continued.
T a b le
SAW YER S, CIRCULAR.
1912
State.
1913
Number
of
Average Average Number Average Average
establish Number full-time
full-time full-time
of em hours per full-time
ments.
of em hours
weekly
per weekly
ployees.
week.
earnings. ployees.
week. earnings.
Alabama......................................
Arkansas.....................................
California.....................................
Florida.........................................
Georgia........................................
10
2
3
6
11
14
2
3
9
13
65.1
60.0
62.0
64.0
66.0
$32.57
32.60
33.42
34.22
26.77
14
2
3
9
14
65.1
59.3
62.0
64.0
66.3
$31.66
32.65
32.42
34.05
29.84
Louisiana....................................
Maine...........................................
Michigan.....................................
Mississippi...................................
North Carolina...........................
9
6
6
7
7
9
6
17
10
8
61.2
64.3
60.0
64.8
60.0
36.17
27.56
31.24
33.60
19.50
10
6
16
10
8
61.0
64.3
60.0
60.0
60.0
36.33
27.31
32.19
33.30
21.30
Oregon.........................................
Pennsylvania..............................
Texas...........................................
Washington................................
Wisconsin....................................
2
4
4
11
2
2
5
5
12
2
59.8
60.6
60.0
60.0
60.0
48.00
20.70
33.00
34.50
32.25
3
5
5
13
2
60.0
60.6
60.0
60.0
60.0
44.00
21.00
33.60
35.77
32.25
Other States................................
2
2
61.5
29.25
3
61.0
30.00
Total..................................
92
119
62.4
31.03
123
62.0
31.71
SAW YERS, GANG.
Alabama......................................
Arkansas........................... .......
California.....................................
Florida.........................................
Georgia........................................
6
8
2
5
4
8
8
2
5
4
66.1
60.0
60.0
64.8
64.5
$14.44
19.84
17.25
17.70
16.13
8
8
2
6
4
66.1
59.6
60.0
65.0
64.5
$15.19
19.46
17.25
17.85
15.95
Louisiana....................................
Michigan.....................................
Minnesota...................................
Mississippi..................................
Oregon.........................................
9
3
3
6
4
9
3
5
6
4
60.6
60.0
60.0
63.0
60.0
22.22
15.50
22.02
16.20
21.00
9
3
5
6
4
60.4
60.0
60.0
60.0
60.0
22.38
16.00
22.02
16.10
21.38
Pennsylvania..............................
Texas...........................................
Virginia......................................
Washington................................
Wisconsin...................................
2
3
2
2
8
2
3
2
2
11
62.5
60.3
66.0
60.0
60.0
17.70
26.63
21.75
20.25
18.14
2
3
2
2
11
59.5
60.3
66.0
60.0
60.0
17.70
26.63
21.75
19.50
18.63
Other States................................
4
5
60.0
18.30
5
61.2
18.90
Total..................................
71
79
61.7
18.86
80
61.4
19.02
SAW YERS, RESAW .
Arkansas.....................................
California.....................................
Florida.........................................
Georgia........................................
Louisiana....................................
3
7
2
2
4
4
13
2
2
4
61.5
60.0
60.0
62.8
63.0
$14.70
14.31
12.00
13.52
13.87
4
14
2
2
4
60.0
60.0
60.0
62.8
63.0
$14.70
14.89
13.50
13.50
13.12
Maine...........................................
Michigan.....................................
Minnesota....................................
Mississippi...................................
North Carolina............................
5
20
5
2
11
6
30
13
2
11
60.8
60.0
60.0
66.0
62.6
14.25
14.75
16.50
12.75
11.15
7
25
13
2
11
60.6
60.0
60.0
60.0
62.6
14.53
15.26
16.96
13.05
11.73
Oregon.........................................
Pennsylvania..............................
South Carolina............................
Tennessee....................................
Virginia.......................................
6
5
6
5
11
10
9
7
6
12
60.0
63.0
61.1
60.0
62.6
19.50
14.83
12.43
13.25
11.60
11
8
7
6
14
60.0
62.8
61.1
60.0
62.6
18.82
14.44
13.07
14.00
12.06
WAGES AND HOURS OF LABOR, 1907 TO 1913-----LUMBER.
79
V I I . —AVERAGE FULL-TIME HOURS OF WORK PER W EEK AND
AVERAGE FULL-TIME WEEKLY EARNINGS, B Y STATES, 1912 AND
1913—Concluded.
T a b le
SAW YER S, RESAW —Concluded.
!
State.
1913
1913
Number
of
Average
establish Number full-time
of em hours per
ments.
ployees.
week.
Average Average
Average
full-time
full-time Number
of em hours per full-time
weekly
weekly
week. earnings.
earnings. ployees.
Washington.................................
West Virginia.............................
Wisconsin....................................
Other States................................
23
7
13
1
32
7
26
1
60.0
61.7
60.0
60.0
$19.43
17.57
15.39
15.00
31
7
23
1
60.0
61.6
60.0
60.0
$20.32
16.50
15.99
15.00
Total..................................
138
197
60.7
15.41
192
60.7
15.77
SETTERS.
Alabama......................................
Arkansas.....................................
California.....................................
Florida.........................................
Georgia.........................................
14
19
14
12
22
21
35
29
21
31
65.1
60.9
60.2
63.4
64.5
$12.04
15.19
16.02
13.70
12.52
21
35
29
21
31
65.1
60.0
60.2
63.4
64.5
$12.64
15.12
16.39
13.52
12.59
Louisiana....................................
Maine...........................................
Michigan......................................
Minnesota....................................
Mississippi...................................
23
19
30
7
16
55
42
81
78
33
61.1
61.6
60.0
60.0
64.4
15.89
16.88
16.12
19.70
13.49
54
44
77
88
32
61.0
61.4
60.0
60.0
60.0
15.66
17.17
16.69
20.75
13.31
North Carolina............................
Oregon.........................................
Pennsylvania..............................
South Carolina............................
Tennessee....................................
23
6
19
9
29
42
10
32
19
36
62.1
59.9
61.6
62.2
60.6
10.94
17.10
14.97
11.92
12.44
41
12
32
19
38
62.0
60.0
61.2
62.2
60.8
11.49
17.88
15.81
12.39
12.69
Texas...........................................
Virginia.......................................
Washington.................................
West Virginia.............................
Wisconsin....................................
12
23
25
20
19
32
37
51
35
60
60.1
62.9
60.0
62.0
60.0
15.06
12.35
16.85
15.62
16.59
28
37
48
35
60
59.9
62.9
60.0
62.1
60.0
15.34
12.76
17.41
16.19
16.48
Total..................................
361
780
61.3
15.29
782
61.0
15.71
TRIM M ER OPERATORS.
Alabama......................................
Arkansas.....................................
California.....................................
Florida.........................................
Georgia.........................................
14
19
14
12
20
17
26
27
16
21
64.8
60.7
60.2
64.1
64.0
$9.32
10.92
16.02
9.85
9.77
17
27
26
16
21
64.5
59.9
60.2
64.1
64.0
$9.44
11.23
16.07
9.79
9.93
Louisiana....................................
Maine...........................................
Michigan.....................................
Minnesota....................................
Mississippi..................................
23
8
30
7
16
31
20
61
26
21
61.1
60.5
60.0
60.0
64.3
13.05
11.44
12.75
15.87
10.27
30
23
58
49
21
61.0
60.0
60.0
60.0
60.0
13.33
11.28
13.19
15.64
10.29
North Carolina...........................
Oregon.........................................
Pennsylvania..............................
South Carolina............................
Tennessee....................................
23
6
19
9
29
28
12
26
13
29
62.2
60.0
61.5
61.7
60.3
9.26
18.75
13.24
10.81
10.81
28
13
26
13
31
62.2
60.0
61.3
61.7
60.6
9.58
19.15
14.03
11.31
11.13
Texas...........................................
Virginia.......................................
Washington................................
West Virginia.............................
Wisconsin...................................
12
23
23
20
19
18
36
21
37
60.1
62.5
60.0
62.2
60.0
11.60
11.27
18.49
14.87
12.94
17
26
37
22
37
60.0
62.6
60.0
62.6
60.0
12.96
11.42
19.35
15.14
13.71
Total..................................
346
511
61.2
12.73
538
61.0
13.20
25
MILLWORK (SASH, DOORS, BLINDS, FRAMES, FIX
TURES, AND TRIM).
SUMMARY.
This report, based on information obtained from representative
establishments, shows the full-time weekly earnings, the full-time
hours of labor per week, and the rates of wages per hour in the prin
cipal occupations of the millwork industry of the United States.
Figures relating to full-time hours of labor per week, and rates of
wages per hour are presented for the years 1907 to 1913, inclusive,
and for full-time weekly earnings for the years 1910 to 1913, inclusive.
Earlier reports 1 of this Bureau have presented wages and hours
of labor in the industry from 1890 to 1912.
Full-time hours of labor per week in this industry in 1913 were
0.4 per cent lower than in 1912 and 0.9 per cent lower than in
each of the years 1910 and 1911. Rates of wages per hour in 1913
were 2.4 per cent higher than in 1912, 4.9 per cent higher than in 1911,
and 6.2 per cent higher than in 1910, while the full-time weekly earn
ings were 2 per cent higher in 1913 than in 1912, 4 per cent higher
than in 1911, and 5.4 per cent higher than in 1910. The slight
reduction in full-time hours of labor makes the changes in rates of
wages per hour somewhat different from the changes in full-time
weekly earnings.
The most significant facts concerning the several occupations cov
ered by this report are summarized in the table below. The data
for the years 1907 to 1911 were secured in 1911. Owing to the diffi
culty of finding establishments having records extending back for a
period of years and also owing to the amount of work involved, data
for 1907 to 1909 were secured from a smaller number of establish
ments, some of them perhaps less representative than those that
have furnished data for the later years.
According to the plan of the table, direct comparisons, which are
indicated by the grouping of the years within braces, can be made
properly only between two or more successive years where the data
are for identical establishments.
1 Previous reports of wages and hours of labor in the millwork (sash, doors, blinds, frames, fixtures, and
trim) industry have been published by the Bureau, as follows: Nineteenth Annual Iteport, covering 1890
to 1003; Bulletin No. 59 (July, 1905), covering 1903 and 1904; Bulletin No. 65 (July, 1906), covering 1904 and
1905; Bulletin No. 71 (July, 1907), covering 1C05 and 1906; Bulletin No. 77 (July, 1908), covering 1906 and
1907; and Bulletin 129 (August, 1913), covering 1907 to 1912.
80
81
WAGES AND HOURS OF LABOR, 1907 TO 1913— M ILLW O R K .
AVERAGE AND CLASSIFIED FULL-TIME HOURS OF WORK PER W EEK AND RATES
OF WAGES PER HOUR, AND AVERAGE FULL-TIME W EE K L Y EARNINGS IN EACH
OF THE PRINCIPAL OCCUPATIONS IN THE MILL-WORK INDUSTRY, 1907 TO 1913.
[The figures set opposite each bracketed group of years are for identical establishments.]
Per cent of employees
whose full-time hours
per week were—
Aver
Aver
Num age
age
full
ber
of
Occupation, and num
rate
Over
Over
ber of establish Year. em time
of
48
54
ploy hours 48
wages
ments.
ees. per and and 54 and 60
per
un
week. un un
hour.
der. der
der
54
60
Laborers:
70.6 80.1555
66.1 .1550
64.9 .1589
66.1 .1613
Per cent of employ
ees earning each
classified rate of Aver
wages per hour.
age
full
time
week
14
16
Un and and 18
ly
der un un cts. earn
14 der der and ings.
cts. 16
18 over.
cts. cts.
H907
11908
60 establishments. 11909
11910
1,578
1,300
1,451
1,522
58.5
58.2
58.0
58.3
3.6
5.2
5.5
4.2
3.9 7.5 14.4
3.5 9.4 15.8
3.3 10.1 16.1
4.8 9.2 15.7
223 establishments /1910
\1911
4,885
4,762
57.6
57.6
4.4
5.0
6.1 12.6 21.4 55.5
4.7 12.5 21.4 56.4
.1705 16.4 20.2 32.8 30.5 $9.73
.1712 16.0 19.7 33.0 31.3 9.79
/1911
253 establishments \1912
4,456
4,121
57.6
57.4
4.5
4.4
3.8 14.4 20.8 256.5
6.8 17.1 17.2 54.5
.1722 14.1 20.2 33.5 32.1 9.86
.1781 10.1 17.0 36.3 36.6 10.15
319 establishments /1912
\1913
4,641
5,144
57.0
56.7
5.7 7.9 18.1 20.8 47.4
6.3 10.9 17.1 19.9 45.7
.1793
.1859
29.2
33.7
31.4
29.1
26.4
24.1
20.4
17.0
31.4
26.3
29.4
32.3
13.1
16.0
18.8
21.6
C1)
8
C1)
7.9 17.2 36.7 38.3 10.15
5.6 10.8 35.5 48.2 10.47
20
30
Un and and 40
der un un cts.
20 der der and
40 over.
cts. 30
cts. cts.
Bench hands:
fl907
62 establishments. J1908
11909
11910
1,076
945
1,041
1,083
55.6
55.6
55.7
55.5
226 establishments /1910
\1911
3,695
3,553
55.1 12.4 10.1 28.6 21.1 27.8
55.2 13.8 8.6 28.0 20.7 28.9
.3072
.3085
5.5 44.0 39.0 11.5 16.51
5.3 42.1 41.1 11.4 16.74
267 establishments /1011
\1912
4,131
4,148
55.1 13.6 10.7 29.4 18.3 3 27.9
54.8 14.8 16.2 23.5 17.2 28.3
.3096
.3107
5.8 40.1 42.9 11.3 16.76
6.7 38.0 43.6 11.5 16.74
4,947
343 establishments /1912
\1913 5,033
Machine hands:
fl907 1,508
1908 1,372
62 establishments. 11909
1,488
11910 1,580
54.6 16.9 14.7 24.0 20.0 24.4
54.5 16.8 17.0 22.4 20.7 23.1
.3108
.3153
6.2 36.9 44.9 12.0 16.68
5.1 37.2 , 37.3 20.5 16.90
56.9 11.6
57.1 10.8
57.2 10.3
57.3 9.7
.2527
.2494
.2514
.2570
13.3 7.2
13.9 6.2
12.6 7.2
11.9 10.6
2.5
2.4
2.5
2.5
26.3
28.1
28.6
25.7
12.7
10.1
10.0
10.6
40.5 .2976
41.6 * .2945
41.6 .2944
41.2 .3047
19.7 11.4 54.8
19.9 9.9 57.0
18.5 10.5 58.3
18.6 9.7 59.6
9.0
9.4
8.5
7.6
27.1
30.0
27.9
25.3
49.4
48.9
50.6
44.3
50.4
48.4
49.8
49.3
27.3
27.7
27.5
33.9
14.8
13.9
14.8
17.7
14.2
14.0
13.6
14.3
7.7
7.7
7.4
7.9
C1)
(*)
C1)
(*)
(l)
(*)
232 establishments /1910
\1911
5,438
5,363
57.0
56.8
6.4
9.5
6.8 18.3 18.6 49.9
6.2 15.8 19.1 49.4
.2551 27.5 44.5 22.1
.2605 24.7 44.8 23.7
5.9 14.28
6.8 14.55
268 establishments /1911
\1912
5,615
5,054
56.7 9.6
56.2 11.6
6.2 16.6 19.3 4 48.2
9.7 16.4 19.0 43.1
.2625 24.9 43.3 24.8
.2698 20.8 42.8 28.5
7.0 14.63
8.0 14.88
342 establishments /1912
\1913
5,970
6,074
55.8 14.2 10.0 17.2 21.4 37.2
55.5 14.4 12.2 17.9 22.6 33.0
.2731 18.8 41.7 31.8 7.8 14.97
.2856 15.0 42.2 30.9 11.9 15.57
•Not computed.
* Including 0.1 per cent working over 60 hours.
3 Including 0.9 per cent working over 60 hours.
4 Including 0.2 per cent working over 60 hours.
The data are for one pay-roll period in each year, the period ending
nearest May 15 being selected, except in a very few establishments
in which conditions in May were abnormal.
45410°—Bull. 153—14------6
82
BULLETIN OE TH E BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS.
The figures for the years from 1907 to the first presentation for
1912 are reproduced from Bulletin No. 129, except the average full
time weekly earnings for 1910 to 1912, which figures have been com
puted for this Bulletin from data gathered for those years.. The
average full-time weekly earnings have not been computed for the
period 1907 to 1910, owing to the lack of funds. It will be observed
that the average full-time weekly earnings generally are not exactly
the same as the product of the average rate of wages per hour and
the average full-time hours per week. This difference is explained
and illustrated on page 16.
In 1913 the average full-time weekly earnings in the three occupa
tions were: Laborers, $10.47; bench hands, $16.90; and machine hands,
$15.57. The full-time hours of labor per week in 1913 varied in the
several establishments from less than 48 to 60, the average being for
laborers, 56.7; for bench hands, 54.5; and for machine hands, 55.5
hours per week.
All of the employees for whom figures are given in this report are
males.
Wages and hours of labor vary materially in different establish
ments, hence the inclusion or exclusion of an establishment in a group,
if it differs greatly from the average, may raise or lower the average
for the group. Thus, referring to the table on page 81, it is seen that
the average full-time weekly earnings of bench hands in 267 estab
lishments decreased from $16.76 in 1911 to $16.74 in 1912. In 343
establishments there was an increase from $16.68 in 1912 to $16.90
in 1913. The inclusion of 76 more establishments, therefore, changed
the average weekly earnings for 1912 from $16.74 to $16.68. Con
sequently it would not be a correct comparison to state that the
increase was only from $16.76 in 1911 to $16.90 in 1913. The move
ment from one year to another is indicated with a greater degree
of certainty by the figures for identical establishments. The differ
ence between $16.76 and $16.74 represents the change between 1911
and 1912 and the difference between $16.68 and $16.90 represents the
increase from 1912 to 1913, as nearly as can be determined from the
data available. In the table the comparable data for identical estab
lishments are bracketed together.
Owing to the change in the number of establishments from year to
year, it is difficult to make a comparison of the actual data over a
period of several years, or to get an exact measure of the changes.
To aid in the making of such a comparison, relative (or index) numbers
have been computed from the averages in the preceding table, for full
time hours per week, rates of wages per hour, and full-time weekly
earnings for each occupation for the years 1910 to 1913, inclusive.
These relative or index numbers are simply percentages in which the
figures for 1913 are taken as the base, or 100 per cent. The relative for
WAGES AND HOURS OF LABOR, 1907 TO 1913— M ILLW O RK.
83
each year is the per cent that the average in that year is of the average
for 1913, as determined by the method explained on page 18. Thus
in the table below the full-time weekly earnings of bench hands in
1910 were 97.5 per cent of the full-time weekly earnings in 1913.
It will be observed that the general tendency of each occupation
is toward a reduction of working hours and an increase in rates of
wages per hour and of earnings per full week. No data are available to
show the amount of work afforded employees each year or the varia
tion from year to year. The relative full-time hours per week indicate
the change in the hours of labor of employees working full time, but
do not reflect in any way the greater or less amount of full-time work
afforded. This point is further discussed on page 15.
RELATIVE FULL-TIME HOURS PER W EEK , RATES OF WAGES PER HOUR, AND FULL
TIME W E E K L Y EARNINGS IN THE PRINCIPAL OCCUPATIONS IN THE MILLWORK
INDUSTRY, 1910 TO 1913.
(19 1 3= 1 00 .0 .)
Laborers.
Bench hands.
Year.
1910...........
1911...........
1912...........
1913...........
Machine hands.
Relative Relative Relative Relative Relative Relative Relative Relative Relative
full-time rate of full-time
full-time rate of full-time full-time rate of full-time
hours
wages
wages
wages
hours
hours
weekly
weekly
weekly
per
per
per
per
per
per
earnings. week.
earnings. week.
earnings.
hour.
hour.
week.
hour.
100.6
100.7
100.2
100.0
97.8
98.2
98.6
100.0
97.5
98.8
98.7
100.0
100.9
100.9
100.5
100.0
92.9
93.3
96.5
100.0
93.6
94.2
96.9
100.0
101.8
101.4
100.5
100.0
91.1
93.0
95.6
100.0
92.8
94.5
96.2
100.0
A like table of relative numbers is next shown for the industry
as a whole, as determined by a combination of the data for the
several occupations. Data were obtained for the principal occu
pations of the industry but not for all occupations. The method
of computing this table is explained on page 19.
RELATIVE FULL-TIME HOURS PER W EEK, RATES OF WAGES PER HOUR, AND FULL
TIME W EE K LY EARNINGS-IN THE MILLWORK INDUSTRY, 1910 TO 1913.
(19 1 3= 1 00 .0 .)
Year.
1910...................................
1911..................................
1912..................................
1913..................................
Relative
full-time
hours per
week.
Relative
rates of
wages
per hour.
Relative
full-time
weekly
earnings.
100.9
100.9
100.4
100.0
94.2
95.3
97.7
100.0
94.9
96. 2
98.0
100.0
From the table it is seen that the relative or index number for
full-time hours per week decreased from 100.9 in 1910 to 100 in
1913, or, in other words, full-time hours per week in 1910 were
100.9 per cent of what they were in 1913. The relative or index
84
BU LLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS.
number for rates of wages per hour increased from 94.2 in 1910 to
100 in 1913. Owing to the reduction of hours, the increase in full
time weekly earnings was slightly less than the increase in wages
per hour, the increase being from an index of 94.9 in 1910 to 100
in 1913.
In examining the relative or index numbers for the several
occupations, and for the industry as a whole in the two tables
above, it will be observed that they have been computed with 1913
taken as the base, or 100 per cent. In the preceding reports of the
Bureau relating to this industry, relative numbers for rates of wages
per hour and for hours of labor per week were presented back to
1890 and the base, or 100 per cent, was not the average rate of wages
per hour or the average full-time hours per week in any one year,
but the average rate of wages per hour and the average full-time
hours per week for the 10-year period 1890-1899. The table of
such relative numbers for the years 1890 to 1912 appears on page
156.
The reasons for changing the base of the relative numbers to the
most recent year are stated on pages 11 and 16. The relative num
bers for the occupations shown in the new series here presented dif
fer from those of the old series shown in preceding reports because
of the change of the base, but the ratio existing between any two
years is the same in both series. The relative numbers for the
industry as a whole have likewise been recomputed with 1913 as the
base.
In addition to making a change of the base year, a change has
also been made in the method of computing the industry relatives,
and because of this change the relatives here presented not only
differ from the relatives computed by the old method, but shows
a slightly different ratio of change from year to year. In Bulletin
No. 129, the relative numbers for the industry were averages of
the relative numbers of the several occupations. For each year,
for example, the relative rate of wages per hour of each occupation
was multiplied (weighted) by the number of employees in that
occupation, the products thus computed for the several occcupations
were added, and the sum of the products for all occupations divided
by the total employees in all occupations.
In computing the relative numbers from 1910 to 1913 for the
industry as a whole as presented in this Bulletin, a combination was
made, not of the relative numbers for the several occupations, but
of the actual hours and wages of the several occupations. For each
year the average hours and wages were computed for all employees
in all ocupations, and the average for each preceding year was com
pared with the average for 1913 to determine the index. It was
deemed necessary to make this change in method because a change
85
WAGES AND HOURS OF LABOR, 1907 TO 1913---- M ILL WORK.
in the industry is not always reflected by the relative computed by
averaging the occupation relatives. This reason is more fully
explained on page 19.
In addition to the relative numbers shown for the several occu
pations and for the industry, three tables are here presented showing
the per cent of increase or decrease in the full-time hours of labor
per week, rates of wages per hour, and full-time weekly earnings in
1913 as compared with each preceding year back to 1910. The
figures of these tables are computed from the relative numbers
shown on page 83, and simply reverse the method of comparison.
Each of these tables also shows the per cent of increase or decrease
in 1912 as compared with 1911, and in 1911 as compared with 1910.
Referring to the first line of the first table, it is seen that the full
time hours of bench hands in 1913 were 0.2 per cent lower than in
1912, 0.7 per cent lower than in 1911, and 0.6 per cent lower than in
1910. Further, it is seen that the full-time hours of labor in this
occupation were 0.5 per cent lower in 1912 than in 1911, and 0.1
per cent higher in 1911 than in 1910. The figures of the several
tables are read in like manner.
PER CENT OF INCREASE OR DECREASE IN FULL-TIME HOURS PER W EEK, RATES
OF WAGES PER HOUR, AND FULL TIME W EE K LY EARNINGS, 1913 COMPARED
WITH EACH OF THE THREE YEARS PRECEDING, 1912 COMPARED WITH 1911, AND
1911 COMPARED WITH 1910.
FULL-TIME HOURS PER WEEK.
Percent higher (+) or lower (—) in
1913 than i n -
Per cent higher (+ ) or
lower (—) i n -
Occupation.
1910
Bench hands..................................................
Laborers.........................................................
Machine hands.............................................
The industry.......................................
1911
1912
1912 than
in 1911
1911 than
in 1910
-0 .6
- .9
-1 .8
-0 .7
- .9
-1 .4
-0 .2
— .5
— .5
—0.5
— .4
- .9
+0.1
0)
— .4
-
— .9
— .4
-
(l)
.9
.5
RATES OF WAGES PER HOUR.
Bench hands..................................................
Laborers.........................................................
Machine hands..............................................
+2.2
+7.6
+9.8
+1.8
+7.2
+7.5
+1.4
+3.6
+4.6
+0.4
+3.4
+2.8
+0.4
+ .4
+2.1
The industry.......................................
+6.2
+4.9
+2.4
+2.5
+1.2
FULL-TIME W EEKLY EARNINGS.
Bench hands..................................................
Laborers........................................................
Machine hands.............. ...............................
+2.6
+6.8
+7.8
+1.2
+6.2
+5.8
+1.3
+3.2
+4.0
—0.1
+2.9
+1.8
+1.3
+ .6
+1.8
The industry.......................................
+5.4
+4.0
+2.0
+1.9
+1.4
1 No change.
86
BU LLETIN OF TH E BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS.
EXPLANATION OF SCOPE AND METHOD.
This report on millwork includes establishments engaged in the
manufacture of sash, doors, blinds, frames, fixtures, and building
trim. The information was secured from pay rolls of the various
establishments by the agents of the Bureau. The number of estab
lishments from which data were secured has varied considerably
during the period included in this report, as follows:
1907 to 1910.................................................... 62 identical establishments.
1910 and 1911................................................. 232 identical establishments.
1911 and 1912................................................. 269 identical establishments.
1912 and 1913................................................. 344 identical establishments.
The data for 1907 to 1911 w^ere secured in 1911 and the number
of establishments included in the full period from 1907 to 1910,
inclusive, was limited owing to the difficulty of finding establish
ments that had preserved records for those years, and also to the
large amount of work involved. The establishments vary from year
to year, as establishments go out of business or cease to be representa
tive, and new establishments must be substituted in the wage study.
Occasionally occupations are dispensed with in a mill, or new occu
pations are introduced, and sometimes data are not available for all
occupations desired from a mill.
Data for a group of establishments in any year will not be precisely
the same as for a different group of establishments in the same year,
even though most of the establishments may be identical in both
groups. In using the actual figures in this report, comparison from
year to year should be made only between data coming from iden
tical establishments. In the tables the data from identical establish
ments are bracketed together. Data from an establishment are not
included in the report unless the information covers at least two years.
In selecting establishments from which to secure data, the Bureau
undertook to represent all States in which millwork is of material
importance, the measure of importance being the number of em
ployees as reported by the United States Census of Manufactures.
The table which follows shows by States the number of employees
in this industry as reported by the United States Census Office for
1910; the total number on the pay roll in the establishments from
which the Bureau secured data for 1913; and the number in the
selected occupations for whom data for 1913 are shown.
WAGES AND HOURS OF LABOR, 1907 TO 1913-----M ILL W ORK.
87
TOTAL NUMBER OF EMPLOYEES IN THE MILLWORK INDUSTRY AND NUMBER
OF EMPLOYEES IN ESTABLISHMENTS FOR WHICH DATA ARE SHOWN FOR 1913.
State
Establishments for which data are
shown by the Bureau of Labor
Statistics for 1913.
Number of
employees
reported by
Number of employees—
United
States
census of Number of
establish
1910. i
For whom
ments.
On pay
data are
roll.
shown.
62
New York...........................................................................
15,126
4,167
3,112
Pennsylvania.....................................................................
86
2,443
36
8,710
Illinois.................................................................................
Ohio....................................................................................
5,846
2,913
9,267
1,977
1,718
1,388
Michigan,. ..........................................................................
California............................................................................
Wisconsin...........................................................................
Georgia...............................................................................
6,793
6,341
6,673
3,410
33
19
15
12
1,803
1,996
4,173
1,110
1,130
1,242
2,702
666
Massachusetts.....................................................................
Minnesota...........................................................................
Iowa....................................................................................
Other States2.....................................................................
3,296
3,154
3,440
40,336
21
9
13
1,015
981
1,811
724
684
1,107
Total.........................................................................
112,392
344
24,616
16,251
1The designation used by the United States census is “ Lumber, planing mill products,” including
sash, doors, and blinds.
2Including States having less than 3,000 each.
According to the census of 1910, more than 64 per cent of the total
number of employees in the industry are found in the States in
which the establishments furnishing information to the Bureau of
Labor Statistics are located. The number of employees in the
establishments from which the Bureau secured 1913 data was equal
to 21.9 per cent of the total in the industry in 1910, and the number
for which the Bureau presents detailed information for 1913 was
equal to 14.5 per cent of the total in the industry in 1910. The pay
rolls copied were for one week, half month, or a month, according to
the custom of the establishment, and for the pay-roll period nearest
May 15, except in a few establishments where abnormal conditions
made it necessary to take a pay roll for some other time of the year.
The full-time hours of labor per week shown in the tables of the
report are the regular hours of work of the occupations under normal
conditions in the establishments. The working time is the hours on
duty, including intervals of waiting for work. The full-time hours
per week and the relatives based thereon do not in any way indicate
the extent of unemployment. Employees may work overtime,
broken time, or be laid off, or a temporary reduction may be made
in working hours without such change affecting the full-time hours
per week as presented in this Bulletin.
The rates of wages per hour appearing in the tables are the wages
of time workers; no pieceworkers were found in the establishments
38
2,00
88
BULLETIN OF TH E BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS.
visited. The time rates by the day or week have been reduced to
rates per hour in order to place all rates on a uniform basis.
The full-time weekly earnings are the earnings per week of employees
working full time, or they are the earnings of broken time converted
into assumed earnings for a full week. In considering changes in
full-time earnings per week notice should also be taken of full-time
hours of labor per week.
The averages of full-time hours per week, rates of wages per hour,
and full-time weekly earnings are computed by adding the data for
each individual employee and dividing the total by the number of
employees.
In studying the tables, it will be observed that the average full
time weekly earnings are not exactly the same as the result that
would be obtained by multiplying the average rate per hour by the
average hours per week, owing to the change in the relative weight of
the items. This point is illustrated on page 16.
The change in the basis of comparison in computing the relative
numbers from the average of 1890-1899 to 1913 is referred to on
page 11. A more extended explanation is also given on pages 16 to
18. The relative rates of wages per hour and the relative full-time
hours per week from 1890 to 1912 on the basis of 1890-1899 equals
100, published in Bulletin No. 129, are reproduced in this Bulletin
on page 156.
The method used in computing the relative or index numbers for
the several occupations can best be explained by an illustration.
Such an illustration is given on page 18.
A word of caution is given as to the use of relative numbers. The
per cent of increase or decrease from one year to another is not the
difference between the relative numbers for the years. Thus, as
shown in the table on page 83,'the relative full-time weekly earnings in
the millwork industry increased from 94.9 in 1910 to 98 in 1912, an
increase of 3.1 in the relative for 1912 over the relative for 1910,
which number (3.1) is 3.3 per cent of 94.9, thus making the increase
in full-time earnings per wTeek of 3.3 per cent in 1912 over 1910.
The base for the computation of the relative numbers of the several
occupations, as stated above, has been changed from the average of
1890-1899 to 1913. The same change of base has been made in
computing the relative numbers for the industry as a whole. In
addition to the change of base in computing the relative numbers for
the industry, a change has been made in the method of computation.
The relative numbers for the industry here presented, covering 1910
to 1913, are computed directly from the average hours of labor, rates
of wages per hour, and weekly earnings of all employees in all occupa
tions combined. In other words, the relatives for the industry as a
whole have been computed for this report in the same manner as the
WAGES AND HOURS OF LABOR, 1907 TO 1913---- M ILLW O RK.
89
relatives for each occupation. This change of method is explained
and illustrated on pages 18 to 23.
In addition to the text tables presented in the summary, seven
general tables are given, namely:
Table I.—Average and classified rates of wages per hour in the
United States, by years, 1907 to 1913.
Table II.—Average and classified rates of wages per hour in each
year, by States, 1912 and 1913.
Table III.—Average and classified rates of wages per hour in each
State, by years, 1912 and 1913.
Table IV.—Average and classified full-time hours of work per week
in the United States, by years, 1907 to 1913.
Table V.—Average and classified full-time hours of work per week
in each year, by States, 1912 and 1913.
Table VI.—Average and classified full-time hours of work per week
in each State, by years, 1912 and 1913.
Table VII.—Average full-time hours of work per week and average
full-time weekly earnings, by States, 1912 and 1913.
In Tables I and IV, in addition to actual data, percentages com
puted therefrom are given. The data from these two tables are
summarized in the text table on page 81.
Tables III and VI repeat the data for the several States given
in Tables II and Y, rearranged for the convenience of the reader.
DESCRIPTION OF PRINCIPAL PRODUCTIVE OCCUPATIONS.
This industry as used in this report includes establishments en
gaged in the manufacture of sash, doors, blinds, window frames,
doorframes, moldings, stair material, newels, mantels, store fixtures,
and all kinds of builders’ trim or finish.
A large number of the establishments are comparatively small and
confine their operations wholly to custom work. Many of them are
operated in connection with a retail lumber business. Some are run
by contractors who carry on large building operations, and manu
facture trim mostly for their own use. Some custom mills in the
larger cities are quite extensive and employ a large number of
workmen.
A few establishments manufacture for the general market. Such
establishments, as a rule, employ a larger number of workmen than
the custom mills or factories, have their work better systematized,
and pay somewhat lower wages. The latter fact may be accounted
for by the greater division of labor whereby an employee, while be
ing expert in the operation of a particular machine or in perform
90
BU LLETIN OF TH E BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS.
ing certain work, is not a skilled workman generally, and so can not
command as high wages as an all-round skilled mechanic.
There is hardly such a thing as a typical factory in this industry
in the sense that there is a typical sawmill or cotton factory. The
work may be done in a part of a building, the power being rented
with the room; or the factory may consist of one or more large build
ings with so much machinery that a considerable force of machinists
will be regularly employed to keep the machines in order. Neither
is there any regular or established ratio between the number of em
ployees in different' occupations. One establishment may have an
approximately equal number of benchmen, machine woodworkers,
and laborers; another will have three or four times as many bench
men as machine men; and in another the proportion will be reversed,
depending on the particular class of work the factory turns out.
The arrangement of the factory and machines will depend upon the
class of work done, the space at the disposal of the management, and
the latter’s ideas as to convenience and economy. The differences
that are found are between establishments rather than between dif
ferent sections of the country or different localities.
The work in these factories resolves itself into three general classes,
bench work, common labor, and machine work, and the occupational
terms used in this report are bench hands, laborers, and machine
hands. The work is practically all done by males. A few females
are employed in a limited number of establishments, but the extent
of their work is so insignificant that data relating to females are
omitted from this report. A brief description of the terms used
follows.
BENCH HANDS.
The men engaged in this occupation are known also as benchmen,
bench carpenters, shop carpenters, inside carpenters, and cabinet
makers. Most of the work is done at a bench, as distinguished from
building or outside carpentering work. These employees make
doors, sash, blinds, window frames, cabinets, etc., fitting and putting
together the parts that have previously been prepared by machine
hands. They also shape and form such articles as can not be made
by machines. In some shops work is done by hand that in other
establishments is done by machinery. In some establishments men
are employed who are able to work interchangeably at the bench
and at the machines. Carpenters or bench hands differ greatly in
ability, some being able to do all kinds of difficult work, while others
can do only the simpler kinds of work or, perhaps, only one or, at
most, a few kinds. As a rule, the more skilled mechanics who can do
all kinds of work are found in the smaller establishments.
WAGES AND HOURS OF LABOR, 1907 TO 1913---- M ILLW O RK.
91
LABORERS.
The work of those engaged in this occupation about the factory is of
a miscellaneous character, such as handling lumber, material, and the
finished product, and assisting other workmen, particularly machine
hands. They bring material to the machines and take it away after
it has been worked, assemble parts that are to be put together, pack
goods in storehouse or load on wagons or in cars for shipment, and
do any other common or unskilled work about the factory or yard.
The number of laborers as compared with the other employees is
usually larger in establishments employing a large number of machine
hands.
MACHINE HANDS.
By the use of various machines, employees in this occupation
plane the lumber, saw it into lengths, widths, and shapes, mortise
and tenon the parts of doors, sash, blinds, etc., make moldings, turn
spindles, posts, and balusters, sandpaper or smooth material or
finished product, etc. A first-class machine hand is able to operate
any of the machines usually found in a factory, and is supposed also
to be able to keep his machines in order. In the smaller establish
ments, and in the shops doing a high grade of work, the machine
hands often, if not generally, actually use different machines, as the
character of their work may require, one man doing all the machine
work on a given piece of work. In larger establishments, when there
is a greater division of labor, a man will be employed continuously
on one machine and may know nothing about the operation of any
other. It has been found impracticable to separate these two classes
of machine hands.
92
T
BULLETIN OF TH E BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS.
able
I . —AVERAGE AND CLASSIFIED RATES OF WAGES PER HOUR IN
THE UNITED STATES, BY YEARS, 1907 TO 1913.
fThe figures sot opposite each bracketed group of years are for identical establishments.]
NUMBER.
i
Employees earning each classified rate of wages per hour.
.. um
Occupation, a n d
ber of
number of estab Year. em
lishments.
ploy
ees.
Bench hands:
Aver
age
full
time
hours
per
week.
Aver
age
9 10 12 14
rate of and
and and and
waces un un un un
per der der der der
hour.
10 12 14 16
cts. cts. cts. cts.
1,076
945
55.6; (.2976
55.6 .2945
16
and
un
der
18
cts.
18
and
un
der
20
cts.
20
and
un
der
25
cts.
25
30 40 50
and and and and 60
un un un un Cts.
der der der der and
30
40 CO 60 over.
cts. cts. cts. cts.
1910
1,083
55.5
.3047
14
10
7
5
226 establish U910
ments.
\1911
3,695
3,553
55.1
.3072
.3085
15
12
118
115
72
65
718
653
908 1,440 233 162
842 1,461 262 119
29
24
267 establish /1911
\1912
ments.
4,131
4,148
55.1
54.8
.3096
.3107
15
26
149
159
74
92
730
710
924 1,772 297 146
867 1,808 304 175
24
2
343 establish /1912
ments.
\1913
Laborers:
1907
>0 establish 1608
1909
ments.
1910
4,947
5,033
54.6
54.5
.3108
.3153
29
17
176
140
96
97
828
872
999 2,219 395 195
999 1,875 782 242
2
7
1,578
1,300
1,451
1,522
58.5
58.2
58.0
58.3
. 1555
.1550
. 1589
.1613
416
313
296
259
495 67
342 70
427 110
491 136
99
84
94
140
20
28
29
25
20
25
39
29
223 establish /1910
ments.
\1911
4,885
4,762
57.6
57.6
.1705
.1712
988 1.604 476
936jl, 571 467
721
739
231
231
64
55
253 establish /1911
ments.
\1912
4,456
4,121
57.6
57.4
.1722
.1781
8981.493 492
700 1,494 510
675
663
201
257
67
69
8
319 establish /1912
ments.
\1913
Machine hands:
1907
62 establish 1908
ments.
1909
.1910
4,641
5,144
57.0
56.7
.1793
797 1,701 642 790
557 1,824 719 1,342
266
318
72
83
8
15
1,508
1,372
1,488
1,580
56.9
57.1
57.2
57.3
.2527
.2494
.2514
.2570
101
98
81
69
235 66
218 90
210 116
197 125
378
344
364
382
223
191
220
279
38
41
45
53
71
55
57
61
8
9
9
9
232 establish ri910
ments.
[1911
5,438
5,363
57.0
56.8
.2551
230
229
839 397 1,259 1,159 1,204 199
755 305 1,264 1,135 1,272 242
89
98
29
28
268 establish fl911
ments.
[1912
5,615
5,054
56.7
56.2
240
21 199
808 313 1,282 1,149 1,394 253 108
559 268 1,116 1,045 1,438 257 112
34
36
342 establish /1912
ments.
\1913
5,970
6,074
55.8
55.
214
125
592 286 1,279 1,208 1,897 306 121
426 340 1,243 1,319 1,874 553 136
38
36
62 establish
ments.
1907
1C08
1C09 1,041 55.7 .2944
{
.2731
.2856|
64
54
50
42
19
25
31
35
196
185
212
188
336
277
314
291
42 108
46 86
63 78
74 79
2
382
320
377
397
294
262
286
367
3
PER CENT.
i
Bench hands:
5.9
5.7
4.8
3.9
31.2
29.3
30.2
26.9
27.3
27.7
27.5
33.9
3.9 10.0 0.3
4.9 9.1 . . . . .
6.1 7.5 . . . . .
6.8 7.3
.2
1,076
945
1,041
1,083
55.6 $0.2976
1.3
55.6 .2945 . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.1
55.7 .2944 . . . . . . . . . . . . .7
55.5 .3047 . . . . . . . . . . . . .5
226 establish /1910
ments.
\1911
3,695
3,553
55.1
55.2
.3072
.3085 . . . . . . . . . . . .
.4
.3
3.2 1.9 19.4 24.6 39.0 6.3 4.4
3.2 1.8 18.4 23.7 41.1 7.4 3.3
267 establish /1911
\1912
ments.
4,131
4,148
55.1
54.8
.3096
.3107 . . . . *o.*i cV
.4
.6
3.6 1.8 17.7 22.4 42.9 7.2 3.5
.6
3.8 2.2 17.1 20.9 43.6 7.3 4.2 C1)
343 establish /1912
ments.
\1913
Laborers:
(1907
60 establish J1908
ments.
11909
11910
4,947
5,033
54.6
54.5
.3108
.3153
.6
.3
3.6 1.9 16.7 20.2 44.9 8.0 3.9 C1)
2.8 1.9 17.3 19.8 37.3 15.5 4.8
.1
1,578
1,300
1,451
1,522
58.5
58.2
58.0
58.3
10.0 19.2 26.4
.1555
13.3 20.4 24.1
.1550
___
.1589
11.2 20.2 20.4
8.5 20.6 17.0
.1613
.i 0.1
___ C1)
31.4
26.3
29.4
32.3
1.8
2.6
3.0
3.2
18.2
19.6
20.4
17.4
(1907
62 esta b 1i s h- J1908
ments.
11909
11910
4.2
5.4
7.6
8.9
* Less than one-tenth of 1 per cent.
6.3
6.5
6.5
9.2
1.3
2.2
2.0
1.6
.8
.7
1.3
1.9 . . . . . . . . . . . . .
.....
2.7 . . . .
1.9 . . . . ----- .......
93
WAGES AND HOURS OF LABOR, 1907 TO 1913---- M ILLW O RK.
T able
I . —AVERAGE AND CLASSIFIED RATES OF WAGES PER HOUR IN
THE UNITED STATES, BY YEARS, 1907 TO 1913—Concluded.
PER CENT—Concluded.
Num
ber of
Occupation, and
number of estab Year. em
ploy
lishments.
ees.
Aver
age
full
time
hours
per
week.
Employees earning each classified rate of wages per hour.
Aver
age
rate of
wages
per
hour.
9 10
and and
un un
der der
10 12
cts. cts.
12 14
and and
un un
der der
14 16
cts. cts.
16
and
un
der
18
cts.
18
and
un
der
20
cts.
20
and
un
der
25
cts.
25
and
un
der
30
cts.
30
and
un
der
40
cts.
40
and
un
der
50
cts.
50
and 60
un Cts.
der and
60 over.
cts.
Laborers—Concld.
223 establish /1910
ments.
\1911
4,885
4,762
57.6 $0.1705
5.8 10.6 20.2 32.8 9.7 14.8
57.6 .1712 . . . . 4.6 11.4 19.7 33.0 9.8 15.5
4.7
4.9
1.3
1.2 . . . .
.......
253 establ ish- /1911
\1912
ments.
4,456
4,121
57.6
57.4
.1722
4.5 9.6 20.2 33.5 11.0 15.1
.1781 oV 2.8 7.3 17.0 36.3 12.4 16.1
4.5
6.2
1.5
1.7 ‘ 6*2
.......
319 establish (1912
\1913
ments.
Machine hands:
fl907
62 esta b 1i s h- 1908
11909
ments.
11910
4,641
5,144
57.0
56.7
.1793 0.1 2.3 5.5 17.2 36.7 13.8 17.0
.1859 ___ 1.7 3.8 10.8 35.5 14.0 26.1
5.7
6.2
1.6
1.6
.2
.3
1,508
1,372
1,488
1,580
56.9
57.1
57.2
57.3
.2527
.2494
.2514 . . . . . . . .
.2570 . . . .
.4
.4
.6
.5
25.1
25.1
24.5
24.2
14.8
13.9
14.8
17.7
2.5
3.0
3.0
3.4
4.7
4.0
3.8
3.9
0.5
.7
.6
.6
232 establish /1910
\1911
ments.
5,438
5,363
57.0
56.8
.2551
.2605
.5 4.2 15.4 7.3 23.2 21.3 22.1 3.7 1.6
.5 4.3 14.1 5.7 23.6 21.2 23.7 4.5 1.8
.5
.5
268 establish /1911
ments.
\1912
5,615
5,054
56.7
56.2
.2625
.2698 . . . .
.5 4.3 14.4 5.6 22.8 20.5 24.8 4.5 1.9
.4 3.9 11.1 5.3 22.1 20.7 28.5 5.1 2.2
.6
.7
342 establish /1912
ments.
\1913
5,970
6,074
55.8
55.5
.2371
.2856
.4 3.6
.4 2.1
.6
.6
....
6.7
7.1
5.4
4.4
15.6
15.9
14.1
12.5
4.4
6.6
7.8
7.9
25.3
23.3
25.3
25.1
9.9 4.8 21.4 20.2 31.8 5.1 2.0
7.0 5.6 20.5 21.7 30.9 9.1 2.2
1Less than one-tenth of 1 per cent.
94
BU LLETIN OF TH E BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS.
T a b l e I I . — AVERAGE
AND CLASSIFIED RATES OF WAGES PER HOUR
IN EACH YEAR, P>Y STATES, 1912 AND 1913.
BENCH HANDS.
Year and State.
ber of
estab
lish
ments.
Aver
age
ber of fuUem time
ploy hours
ees. per
week.
Number of employees earning each classified rate of wages
per hour.
Aver
age
rate
of
wages
per
hour.
10 12 14
Un and and and
der un un un
10 der der der
cts. 12 14 16
cts. cts. cts.
18
and
un
der
20
cts.
20
and
un
der
25
cts.
14
4
6
5
41
16
70
30
42
63
184
56
173
148
69
197
147
160
80
96
828
999 2,219 395 195
17
2
6
7
6
7
37
25
87
27
33
7
84
72
72
42
65
2
2
1
3
8
3
26
78
1
6
3
19
48
61
207
40
162
193
68
169
164
145
111
17
140
97
872
999 1,875 782 242
14
8
39
16
44
19 16
1
192 124
137 48
34 50
157 59
142
186
105
60
40
84
5
66
229
117
128
621
12
60
94
84
95
66
146
55
52
40
3 106 256 797 1,701 642
34
18
45
24
14
4 10
2
206 104
181 78
31 40
125 36
28
10 100
6 13
18 47
21 234
99 22
185 122
85 60
138 73
768 174
106
224
197
84
75
6
44
7
3
2
88 198 557 1,824 719 1,342
318
16
and
un
der
18
cts.
25
and
un
der
30
cts.
30
and
un
der
40
cts.
40 ' 50
and and 60
un- un cts.
der deriiand
50 i 60 over.
cts. cts.
I *
1912.
51.2 m 4322
58. Oi .2493
54.1 .3647
57.9 .2650
51.2 .3427
55.1 .3043
California..............
Georgia..................
Illinois...................
Iowa......................
Massachusetts.. ..
Michigan...............
18
12
36
13
21
33
Minnesota.............
New York.............
Ohio......................
Pennsylvania.......
Wisconsin.............
174
9
62 1,092
406
38
846
86
15
421
59.2
52.6
55.1
53.9
60.0
.2583
.3229
.2893
.2956
.2107
Total............
343 4,947
54.6
.3108
316
160
675
248
256
353
3
3
1
2
6
1
5
4
8
3
3
1
9
14
1
3
3
10
1
1
28 21
111 46
5
29
176
2
7
11 134 75 90
1
73
34
.....
75 515 *68 ***i
1
76
82
7
38 101 72
1
73 200 22
36
507
194
394
22
2
89
7
59
95
1
1
2
1913.
California..............
Georgia..................
Illinois...................
Iowa......................
Massachusetts.......
Michigan...............
18
12
36
13
21
33
350
178
639
283
250
351
50.7
57.7
53.2
57.9
51.0
54.8
.4660
.2623
.3697
.2609
.3411
.3217
Minnesota.............
New York... .........
Ohio......................
Pennsylvania.......
Wisconsin.............
9
176
62 1,066
451
38
824
86
465
15
59.8
52.7
54.8
54.1
59.8
.2623
.3154
.2984
.3006
.2241
Total............
343 5,033
54.5
.3153
2
2
133 40 167
48
97 440 2
1
99
106 62 5
2
162 76
43
555
223
377
32
56
21
86
LABORERS.
1913.
441
231
434
284
161
359
53.6 $0.2513
57.6 .1198
56.3 .1860
58.5 .1797
51.5 .1943
57.6 .1775
California..............
Georgia..................
Illinois...................
Iowa......................
Massachusetts.. ..
Michigan...............
19
12
33
13
19
32
Minnesota.............
New York.............
Ohio......................
Pennsylvania.......
Wisconsin.............
166 59.6
9
697 55.5
60
325 55.5
38
69 377 55.9
15 1,166 60.0
Total...........
319 4,641
.1818
.1798
.1766
.1721
.1621
57.0
.1793
470 52.8
251 57.1
541 55.5
399 58.7
174 51.0
351 57.4
.2587
.1234
.1899
.1803
.1925
.1893
3
94 119
1
10
1 21
8 30 172
1 9 49
3 21 89
65 345
70
8
19
5
1
51
1
790
266
72
8
148
210
83
15
194
94
61
159
19
1
13
13
83
15
1913.
California..............
Georgia..................
Illinois...................
Iowa......................
Massachusetts.......
Michigan...............
19
12
33
13
19
32
Minnesota.............
New York.............
Ohio......................
PenneyJvania.. ..
Wisconsin.............
261
9
686
60
38
368
365
69
15 1,278
59.7
54.5
54.8
55.8
59.9
.1868
.1879
.1957
.1791
.1676
Total...........
319 5,144
56.7
.1859
81 134
5
4
1
2
4
65
3
3
1
1
7
95
WAGES AND HOUKS OF LABOR, 1907 TO 1913-----M ILLW O RK.
T able
I I . —AVERAGE AND CLASSIFIED RATES OF WAGES PER HOUR
IN EACH YEAR, B Y STATES, 1912 AND 1913—Concluded.
MACHINE HANDS.
Year and State.
Aver- Aver
age
Num Num
rate
ber of ber of , X
estab em time of
lish ploy- hours wages
per
per
ments.
week. hour.
Number of employees earning each classified rate of wages
per hour.
Un
der
10
cts.
10 12 14
and and and
un un un
der der der
12 14 16
cts. cts. cts.
16
and
un
der
18
cts.
18
and
un
der
20
cts.
20
and
un
der
25
cts.
25
and
un
der
30
cts.
and
un
der
40
cts.
40
and
un
der
50
cts.
50
and 60
un ctsder and
60 over.
cts.
1912.
432
232
509
363;
309
422{
California.......
Georgia...........
Illinois............
Iowa...............
Massachusetts.
Michigan.........
Minnesota___
New York___
Ohio...............
Pennsylvania.
Wisconsin___
Total...
1913.
California.......
Georgia...........
Illinois............
Iowa...............
Massachusetts.
Michigan........
Minnesota.......
New York___
Ohio...............
Pennsylvania.
Wisconsin......
Total...
255
1,109
495
822
15j 1,022
51. $0.
57.7 .2147
55.0 .3404
58.7 .2359
51.2 .3221 .
56.9 .2599, 59.6
53.7
55.1
54.6
60.0
342; 5,970' 55.!
42
2
40
16 12
26 12
4
9
55 29
372 139
.2412*.
.2960.
.2835 .
.2750 .
. 1805 .
.2731'....
20
62
53
125
52
95
15
26 214
108
53
197
25
286
49
62
74
37
120
132
87
230 2441 500
94 166! 215
183 1S5 316
272; 931 19
42,
592 2861,2791,2081,897 306 121’
38
!
I
422
237
538
425
300
428
51.5
57.3
54.0
58.
50.6
56.6
.4036.
.2274.
.3523 .
.2380.
.3271 .
.2749.
247 59.8
1,161 53.1
569 54.9
788 •54.6
959 59.9
.2460.
.3037 .
.3051 .
.2818.
.2033 .
342 6,074
55.5
.2856'.
12
24
11
21
54
57
144
34
426 3401,243,1,3191,8741 553 136
I
I
I
I
36
85
13
21 16 201
23
46 23 149
211 213 325
22 125
167 72
77
36
78 110 290
139, 58, 2
56! H9;
148, 34
86
28
1 ...|
42 34
5
9
36 24
I 4J0 ....
91
254
155|
2071
131
583
274
30
40
16
31
96
BULLETIN OF TH E BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS.
T a b le I I I . — AVERAGE
AND CLASSIFIED RATES OF WAGES PER HOUR
IN EACH STATE, BY YEARS, 1912 AND 1913.
[The figures set opposite each bracketed group of years are for identical establishments.]
BENCH HANDS.
Num
of
State, and number Year. ber
emof establishments.
Floy-
California:
18
establish
ments.
Georgia:
12 establish
ments.
Illinois:
36
establish
ments.
Iowa:
13 nestablishments.
Massachusetts:
21
establish
ments.
Michigan:
33
establish
ments.
Minnesota:
9
establish
ments.
New York:
62 establish
ments.
Ohio:
38
establish'
ments.
Pennsylvania:
86
establish
ments.
Wisconsin:
15
establish
ments.
Average
full
time
hours
per
week.
Aver
age
rate
of
wages
per
hour.
Number of employees earning each classified rate of wages
per hour.
10 12 14
Un and and and
der un un un
10 de^ der der
cts. 12 14 16
cts. cts. cts.
16
and
un
der
18
cts.
18
and
un
der
20
cts.
20
and
un
der
25
cts.
25
and
un
der
30
cts.
J1912
\1913
316
350
51.2 SO. 432?
50.
. 4000
/1912
\1913
160
178
58.0
57.7
.2493
.2023
34
/1912
\1913
675
639
54.1
53.2
.304:
.3697
515
97
/1912
\1913
248
283
57.9
57.9
.2650
.2009
/1912
\1913
256
250
51.2
51.0
.3427
.3411
101
106
/1912
\1913
353
351
55.1
54.
.3043
.321
200
/1912
\1913
174
176
59.2
. 2583
.2623
36
/1912
\1913
1,092
1,066
52.6
52.7
.3220
.3154
/1912
\1913
406
451
55.1
54.8
.2893
.2984
/1912
\1913
846
53.
54.1
.2950
.3006
/1912
\1913
421
465
60.0
59.8
.210'
.2241
134
133
162
184
207
507
555
147
164
194
223
102
160
145
394
377
14S
193
111
142
148
210
173
20
14
197
109
111
78
80
LABORERS.
California:
19 establish
ments.
Georgia:
12 establish
ments.
Illinois:
33
establish
ments.
Iowa:
13
establish
ments.
Massachusetts:
19
establish
ments.
Michigan:
32
establish
ments.
Minnesota:
9
establish
ments.
New York:
60
establish
ments.
Ohio:
38
establish
ments.
and
un
der
40
cts.
/1912
\1913
441
470
53. f $0.2513
52.8 . 2587
/1912
\1913
231
251
57.6
57.1
.1198
.1234
/1912
\1913
434
541
50.3
55.5
. 1800
.1899
/1912
\1913
284
399
58.5
58.7
.1797
.1803 .... . . . .
/1912
\1913
161
174
51.5
51.0
.1943
.1926
1
5
/1912
\1913
359
351
57.0
57.4
.1775
.1893
10
4
T1912
\1913
166
261
59.6
59.7
.1818
.1808
1
/1912
\1913
697
686
55.5
54.5
. 1798
.1879
8
1
/1912
\1913
325
368
55.5
54.8
.1766
.1957
1
3
94 119
81 134
18
192
206
105
194
137
181
157
125
36
84
159
99
66
106
30
10
229
185
146
224
9
6
117
85
94
55
197
186
40
and
un
der
50
cts.
50
and
un
der
60
cts.
WAGES AND HOURS OF LABOR, 1907 TO 1913---- M ILLW O RK.
T able
97
I I I . —AVERAGE AND CLASSIFIED RATES OF WAGES PER HOUR
IN EACH STATE, BY YEARS, 1912 AND 1913—Concluded.
LAB ORERS—< oncluded.
Number of employees earning each classified rate of wages
per hour.
Aver- AverNum age
of full rate
30 40 50
10 12 14 16 18 20
25
of
State, and number Year. ber
em- time
Un and and and and and and and and and and 60
of establishments.
ploy- hours per der un un un un un un un un un un cts.
per
10 der der der der der der der der der der and
week. hour. cts.
12 14 16 18 20 25
40 50 60 over.
30
cts. cts.
cts.
cts.
cts. cts. cts.
Pennsylvania:
69
establish
ments.
Wisconsin:
15
establish
ments.
(1912
\1913
377
365
/1912
\1913
1,
1,278
55. < $0.1721
55J .1791
128
138
.1621
.1676
621
768
40
5
20
21
37
42
197
167
5
6
62
54
61
77
25
36
2
53
57
85
78
42
42
34
34
125
144
108
139
49
58
2
2
5
10
9
52
39
53
56
120
119
70
68
17
11
40
36
34
24
95
85
89
89
132
148
14
34
9
9
16
13
12
9
93
85
87
91
38
40
8
5
26
21
12
16
230
201
244
254
500
583
43
40
9
6
94
83
166
155
215
274
7
16
1
29
23
183
149
185
207
316
309
27
31
3
6
372 139
211 213
272
325
93
131
19
30
60.0
59.9
MACHINE HANDS.
California:
19
establish
ments.
Georgia:
12 establish
ments.
Illinois:
36
establish
ments.
Iowa:
13
establish
ments.
Massachusetts:
21
establish
ments.
Michigan:
33
establish
ments.
Minnesota:
9
establish
ments.
New York:
62
establish
ments.
Ohio:
38
establish
ments.
Pennsylvania:
84
establish
ments.
Wisconsin:
15
establish
ments.
/1912
\1913
432
422
51.6 $0.3985
51.5 .4036
/1912
\1913
232
237
57.7
57.3
.2147
.2274
/1912
\1913
509
538
55.0
54.0
.3404
.3523
(1912
\1913
363
425
58.7
58.6
.2359
.2380
(1912
1.1913
309
300
51.2
50.6
.3221
.3271
(1912
\1913
422
428
56.9
56.6
.2599
.2749
(1912
\1913
255
247
59.6
59.8
.2412
.2460
(1912
\1913
1,109
1,161
53.7
53.1
.2960
.3037
(1912
\1913
495
569
55.1
54.9
.2835
.3051
11
4
23
55
46
3
15
12
31
24
1
5
6
1
1
3
2
(1912
\1913
822
788
54.6
54.6
.2750
.2818
7
3
17
14
(1912
\1913
1,022
959
60.0
59.9
.1805
.2033
4
127
45
45410°—Bull. 153—14------7
30
28
62
72
74
86
286 83
110 290
2
37
34
2
4
42
37
1
2
98
BU LLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS.
I V . —AVERAGE AND CLASSIFIED FULL-TIME HOURS OF WORK
PER WEEK IN THE UNITED STATES, BY YEARS, 1907 TO 1913.
T a b le
[The figures set opposite each bracketed group of years are for identical establishments.J
NUMBER.
i
1
Occupation, and num
ber of esta b lish
ments.
Num
ber of
Year. em
ploy
ees.
Bench hands:
Employees whose full-time hours per week were—
Aver
age
full
Over 51
Over 57
time
54
48
and
hours Un
and
54
48
and under
and under
60 Over
per der
60
under
under
48
54
week.
60
51
57
1,076
945
1,041
1,083
55.6
55.6
55.7
55.5
61
60
62
54
78
59
75
104
3,695
226 establishments__ /\ 1910
1911 .3,553
55.1
55.2
164
127
294
363
/ 1911 14,131
267 establishments.. . \ 1912 4,148
55.1
54.8
123
153
f 1912
343 establishments.. . \ 1913
4,947
5,033
54.6
54.5
168
104
1907 1,578
1908 ,1,300
1909 1,451
1910 1,522
( 1907
J 1908
62 establishments___ i 1909
1 1910
Laborers:
f
J
60 establishments___ i
I
283
266
298
278
21
289
192
86 1,056
113
996
339
292
441 1,026
443 1,027
438
459
332
254
113 1,215
975
419
285
333
471 1,115
382 1,173
670
743
324
344
405 1,185
512 1,127
475
438
515 1,205
603 1,162
58.5
58.2
58.0
58.3
53
65
76
57
48
32
31
38
14
13
18
35
118
122
147
140
11
16
115
95
104
99
436
393
433
446
228 1,114
206
859
233
941
239 1,006
1910
223 establishments.. . /\ 1911
4,885
4,762
57.6
57.6
206
230
236
164
64
59
615
593
376
388
667 2,711
632 2,686
1911
253 establishments.. . J
\ 1912
4,456
4,121
57.6
57.4
197
176
80
93
88
186
642
704
371
323
557 2,514
388 2,246
319 establishments.. . /\ 1912
1913
4,641
5,144
57.0
56.7
265
325
126
210
240
353
842
881
377
392
590 2,201
631 2,352
[ 1907
1908
62 establishments___ J
1 1909
I 1910
1,508
1,372
1,488
1,580
56.9
57.1
57.2
57.3
124
108
113
110
38
33
37
33
15
7
297
273
275
294
232 establishments.. . / 1910
I 1911
5,438
5,363
57.0
56.8
296
472
289
229
79
100
993
850
392
384
621 2,716
639 2,650
/ 1911
268 establishments.. . \
1912
5,615
5,054
56.7
56.2
502
531
249
193
99
298
934
831
459
462
626 2,693
502 2,180
/ 1912 5,970
342 establishments.. . \ 1913 6,074
55.8
55.5
798
824
315
339
284 1,028
400 1,088
546
581
732 2,219
791 2,003
Machine hands:
39
157
136
156
153
3
826
782
867
941
14
PER CENT.
Bench hands:
62 establishments..
1907
1908
1909
1910
1,076
945
1,041
1,083
55.6
55.6
55.7
55*5
7.6
7.6
6.6
6.9
5.7
6.3
6.0
5.0
226 establishments.
/ 1910
\ 1911
3,695
3,553
55.1
55.2
4.4
3.6
8.0
10.2
7.8
5.4
2.3
3.2
28.6
28.0
9.2
8.2
11.9
12.5
27.8
28.9 . . . . . .
267 establishments.
/ 1911
\ 1912
4,131
4,148
55.1
54.8
3.0
3.7
10.6
11.1
8.0
6.1
2.7
10.1
29.4
23.5
6.9
8.0
11.4
9.2
27.0
28.3
/ 1912
343 establishments... . \ 1913
4,947
5,033
54.6
54.5
3.4
2.1
13.5
14.8
6.5
6.8
8.2
10.2
24.0
22.4
9.6
8.7
10.4
12.0
24.4
23.1 .........
1,578
1,300
1,451
1,522
58.5
58.2
58.0
58.3
.2
.2
.3
.5
3.4
5.0
5.2
3.7
3.0
2.5
2.1
2.5
.9
1.0
1.2
2.3
14.4
7.5
9.4 ......... 15.8
10.1 ......... 16.1
9.2
15.7
70.6
66.1 . . . . . .
64.9
66.1
Laborers:
60 establishments..
f 1907
J 1908
1 1909
I 1910
7.2
26.3
2.0 10.7
10.1
6.2 ......... 28.1
10.0
7.2
28.6
9.6 'T o * 25.7 **i.y 9.1
40.5
41.6
41.6
41.2 .........
0.9
WAGES AND HOURS OF LABOR, 1907 TO 1913---- M ILLW O RK.
99
I V , —AVERAGE AND CLASSIFIED FULL-TIME HOURS OF WORK
PER WEEK IN THE UNITED STATES, BY YEARS, 1907 TO 1913—Con
cluded.
T able
PER CENT—Concluded.
Occupation, and num
ber of e sta b lish
ments.
Num
ber of
Year. em
ploy
ees.
Employees whose full-time hours per week were—
Aver
age
full
Over 57
Over
time
51
54
48
hours Un
and
and
der
54
48
and
and under
60 Over
per
under
60
under
48
under
54
week.
60
57
51
Laborers—Concluded.
/ 1910
223 establishments.. . \
1911
4,885
4,762
57.6
57.6
0.2
.2
4.2
4.8
4.8
3.4
1.3
1.2
12.6
12.5
7.7
8.1
13.7
13.3
55.5
56.4
/ 1911
253 establishments.. . \ 1912
4,456
4,121
57.6
57.4
.1
.1
4.4
4.3
1.8
2.3
2.0
4.5
14.4
17.1
8.3
7.8
12.5
9.4
56.4 ;
54.5
/ 1912
319 establishments.. . \ 1913
4,641
5,144
57.0
56.7 : : : : : :
5.7
6.3
2.7
4.1
5.2
6.9
18.1
17.1
8.1
7.6
12.7
12.3
47.4
45.7 : : : : : :
f 1907
62 establishments___ iI 1908
1909
I 1910
1,508
1,372
1,488
1,580
56.9
57.1
57.2
57.3
3.4
2.9
2.7
2.7
8.2
7.9
7.6
7.0
2.5 ......... 19.7
1.0 10.4
9.9
2.4
19.9
2.5
18.5
10.5
2.1
.4 18.6 ......... 9.7
54.8 .........
57.0
58.3
59.6 .........
232 establishments.. . /\ 1910
1911
5,438
5,363
57.0
56.8
1.0
.7
5.4
8.8
5.3
4.3
1.5
1.9
18.3
15.8
7.2
7.2
11.4
11.9
49.9 .........
49.4
/ 1911 5,615
268 establishments.. . \
1912 5,054
56.7
56.2
.7
1.1
8.9
10.5
4.4
3.8
1.8
5.9
16.6
16.4
8.2
9.1
11.1
9.9
48.0
43.1
/ 1912
342 establishments.. . \
1913
55.8
55.5
.8
.8
13.4
13.6
5.3
5.6
4.8
6.6
17.2
17.9
9.1
9.6
12.3
13.0
37.2
33.0 .........
Machine hands:
5,970
6,074
0.1
100
BULLETIN OF TH E BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS.
T a b le
V . —AVERAGE AND CLASSIFIED FULL-TIME HOURS OF WORK
PER WEEK IN EACH YEAR, BY STATES, 1912 AND 1913.
BENCH HANDS.
Number of employees whose full-time hours per week were—
Aver
Num Num age
ber
ber
full
Over
Over
of
51
of em time
57
Year and State. estab
54
48
Under 48
and
and
hours
ploy
Over
54
and under
and
lish
60
per
under
ees.
48
60 •
under
under
ments.
54
week.
60
51
57
1913.
California.........
Georgia............
Illinois
.................
Massachusetts..
Michigan..........
51.2
316
160 58.0
675
54.1
248 : 57.9
256 51.2
55.1
353
18
12
36
Iowa
13
21
33
Minnesota........
New York........
Ohio.................
Pennsylvania..
Wisconsin........
9
62
38
86
15
174
1,092
406
846
421
59.2
52.6
55.1
53.9
60.0
Total......
343
4,947
54.6
California.........
Georgia.............
Illinois..............
Iowa.................
Massachusetts..
Michigan..........
18
12
36
13
21
33
350
178
639
283
250
351
50.7
57.7
53.2
57.9
51.0
54.8
Minnesota........
New York........
Ohio.................
Pennsylvania..
Wisconsin........
9
62
38
86
15
176
1,066
451
824
465
59.8
52.7
54.8
54.1
59.8
Total.......
343
5,033
54.5
160
12
90
71
121
23
38
206
4
75 . . . . . . .
56
83
91
27
67
327
168
328
8
107
4i
13
70
24
54
94
204
323
34
54
60
151
168
670
324
405
1,185
475
37
363
81
80
23
105
31
130
80
81
73
28
71
23
99
83
102
31
77
251*
54
67
13
140
156
43
74
408
515
1,205
81
86
21
102
28
117
1913.
195
65
104
373
iio
104
743
29
45
107
34
57
109
206
312
64
57
149
16
33
247
38
71
13
143
129
53
76
436
512
1,127
438
603
1,162
12
113
4
ii6
94
37
8
248
17
89
53
61
52
16
64
79
125
103
137
100
135
186
53
33
8
150
150
61
103
1,158
590
2,201
isi
87
68
115
107
239
86
99
112
199
111
54
89
1,258
2,352
40
26 ' ” *7i’
51
55
344
LABORERS.
1912.
441
231
434
284
161
359
53.6
57.6
56.3
58.5
51.5
57.6
9
60
38
69
15
166
697
325
377.
1,166
59.6
55.5
55.5
55.9
60.0
105
14
5
4
22
27
89
26
8
99
109
114
16
64
40
87
319
4,641
57.0
265
126
240
842
377
California.........
Georgia.............
Illinois..............
Iowa.................
Massachusetts..
Michigan..........
19
12
33
13
19
32
470
251
541
399
174
351
52.8
57.1
55.5
58.7
51.0
57.4
148
31
183
61
7
5
237
40
69
73
64
47
Minnesota.........
New York........
Ohio.................
Pennsylvania..
Wisconsin.........
9
60
38
69
15
261
686
368
365
1,278
59.7
54.5
54.8
55.8
59.9
319
5,144
56.7
California.........
Georgia.............
Illinois..............
.................
Massachusetts..
Michigan.
19
12
33
Iowa
13
19
32
Minnesota........
New York........
Ohio.................
Pennsylvania..
Wisconsin........
Total
98
43
16
89
1
1913.
Total
44
17
96
2
26
43
25
100
56
9
112
120
119
57
53
86
14
62
149
42
35
6
325
210
353
881
392
631
131
WAGES AND HOURS OF LABOR, 1907 TO 1913— M ILLW O RK.
101
V . —AVERAGE AND CLASSIFIED FULL-TIME HOURS OF WORK
P E R WEEK IN EACH YEAR, BY STATES, 1912 AND 1913—Concluded.
T able
MACHINE HANDS.
Number of employees whose full-time hours per week were—
Num Num Average
ber
I
ber
full
Over
Over
of
of em- time
51
57
Year and State. estab
48
54
Under 48
and
and
Over
and under
lish ploy- hours
and under
60
per
under
under
ments.
week.
54
51
57
1912.
California.......
Georgia...........
Illinois............
Iowa................
Massachusetts.
Michigan.........
432
232
509
3C3
309
422
Minnesota.......
New York___
Ohio................
Pennsylvania.
Wisconsin.......
255
1,109
495
822
51.6
57.7
55.0
58.7
51.2
56.9
221
83
48
1,022
53.7
55.1
54.6
60.0
5,970
55.8
48
California.......
Georgia...........
Illinois............
Iowa................
Massachusetts.
Michigan.......
422
237
538
425
300
428
51.5
57.3
54.0
58.6
50.6
56.6
Minnesota.......
New Y o r k ....
Ohio...............
Pennsylvania.
Wisconsin.......
247
1,161
569
788
959
59.8
53.1
54.9
54.6
59.9
6,074
55.5
62
Total....
32
**i3
175
'iio'
404
18
72
798
110
33
170
64
44
82
170
295
315
284
1,028
255
124
51
125
72
79
56
72
90
24
64
50
172
546
74
104
91
131
71
195
143
231
210
72
275
82
95
11
1,011
732
2,219
102
138
57
117
36
215
86
1913.
Total....
342
222
111
41
48
**21
448
65
48
824
339
400
115
127
103
184
294
91
116
172
18
45
257
61
88
11
1,088
581
791
202
158
79
82
930
2,003
102
BU LLETIN OP TH E BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS.
T a b l e V I . — AVERAGE
AND CLASSIFIED FULL-TIME HOURS OF WORK
PER WEEK IN EACH STATE, BY YEARS, 1912 AND 1913.
[The figures set opposite each bracketed group of years are for identical establishments.]
BENCH HANDS.
Number of employees whose full-time hours per week
were—
Num Average
ber full
State, and number of estab Year. of time
Over 51
Over
em- hours Un
57
lishments.
54
48
and
ploy- per der
and and
54
60 Over
and under
48
under
60
under TO
under 54
week. 48
51
57
California:
18 establishments.
160
195
fl912
[1913
316
350
51.2
50.7
Georgia:
12 establishments.
Illinois:
36 establishments.
fl912
(1913
160
178
58.0
57.7
fl912
[1913
675
639
54.1
53.2
Iowa:
13 establishments.
ri9i2
[1913
248
283
57.9
57.9
Massachusetts:
21 establishments.
fl912
[1913
256
250
51.2
51.0
Michigan:
33 establishments.
fl912
[1913
353
351
55.1
54.8
91
107
Minnesota:
9 establishments..
fl912
[1913
174
176
59.2
59.8
34
New York:
62 establishments.
fl912 1,092
[1913 1,066
52.6
52.7
Ohio:
38 establishments.
1912
[1913
406
451
55.1
54.8
Pennsylvania:
86 establishments.
1912
[1913
846
824
53.9
54.1
Wisconsin:
15 establishments.
fl912
[1913
421
465
60.0
59.8
121
105
99
102
327
206
130
28
71
43
23
168
104
94
109
328
373
102
117
140
143
251
247
156
129
204
206
107
110
323
312
151
149
408
436
LABORERS.
California:
19 establishments.
1912
[1913
441
470
53.6
52.8
Georgia:
12 establishments.
1912
[1913
231
251
57.6
57.1
Illinois:
33 establishments.
1912
[1913
434
541
56.3
55.5
Iowa:
13 establishments.
1912
[1913
284
399
58.5
58.7
Massachusetts:
19 establishments.
1912
[1913
161
174
51.5
51.0
Michigan:
' 32 establishments.
1912
[1913
359
351
57.6
57.4
Minnesota:
9 establishments..
1912
[1913
166
261
59.6
59.7
New York:
60 establishments.
1912
[1913
697
686
Ohio:
38 establishments.
fl912
(1913
325
368
55.5
54 5 .........
55.5
54.8
98
148
16
17
248
237
79
125
115
12
31
113
183
116
151
103
107
137
239
43
44
37
61
4
5
8
7
105
131
4
26
89
100
112
14
22
43
26
56
109
120
100
135
99
112
62
150
199
186
149
150
111
103
WAGES AND HOURS OF LABOR, 1907 TO 1913-----M ILLW O RK.
V I . —AVERAGE AND CLASSIFIED FULL-TIME HOURS OF WORK
PER WEEK IN EACH STATE, BY YEARS, 1912 AND 1913—Concluded.
T able
LABORERS—Concluded.
Number of employees whose full-time hours per week
were—
Num Aver
age
ber full
State, and number of estab Year. of time
em hours Un
lishments.
ploy per der
ees. week. 48
Pennsylvania:
377
69 establishments......... /1912
\1913
365
Wisconsin:
1.166
15 establishments......... /1912
\1913 1,278
55.9
55.8
48
5
2
Over 51
48
and and
under under
54
51
27
25
8
9
54
114
119
60.0
59.9
Over 57
54
and and
under under
60
57
87
86
14
33
35
60
103
89
8 1,158
6 1,258
MACHINE HANDS.
California:
19 establishments.
/1912
\1913
432
422
51.6
51.5
Georgia:
12 establishments.
/1912
\1913
232
237
57.7
57.3
Illinois:
36 establishments.
/1912
\1913
509
538
55.0
54.0
Iowa:
13 establishments.
/1912
\1913
363
425
58.7
58.6
Massachusetts:
21 establishments.
/1912
\1913
309
300
51.2
50.6
110
111
Michigan:
33 establishments.
/1912
\1913
422
428
56.9
56.6
41
Minnesota:
9 establishments..
/1912
\1913
255
247
59.6
New York:
62 establishments,
/1912 1,109
\1 9 1 3 1,161
53.7
5 3 .1
448
Ohio:
38 establishments.
/1912
\1913
55.1
54.9
18
Pennsylvania:
84 establishments.
/1912
V1913
822
788
54.6
54.6
72
W isconsin:
15 establishments.
/1912 1,022
\1913 959
60.0
59.9
221
222
110
124
57
131
117
175
255
170
125
74
102
71
104
138
195
215
91
143
127
45
231
202
275
257
210
158
72
21
56
90
115
24
11
40
82
103
170
184
50
116
295
294
172
172
95
1,011
18
930
Over
60
104
BULLETIN OF TH E BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS.
V I I . —AVERAGE FULL-TIME HOURS OF WORK PER WEEK AND
AVERAGE FULL-TIME W EEKLY EARNINGS, BY STATES, 1912 AND
1913.
T a b le
BENCH HANDS.
1912
State.
Number
of estab
lish
ments.
1913
Average
Number Average Average Numoer
full-time full-time of em- full-time full-time
of em
weekly
hours
weekly
hours
ployees. per
week. earnings.
per week. earnings.
California.......
Georgia..........
Illinois...........
Iowa.. ..*.......
Massachusetts
Michigan.......
316
160
675
248
256
353
51.2
58.0
54.1
57.9
51.2
55.1
$21.88
14.44
19.61
15.26
17.39
16.63
350
178
039
283
250
351
50.7
57.7
53.2
57.9
51.0
54.8
$23.35
15.12
19.52
15.03
17.27
17.45
Minnesota___
New York___
Ohio...............
Pennsylvania.
Wisconsin___
174
1,092
406
846
421
59.2
52.6
55.1
53.9
60.0
15.29
16.57
15.90
15.85
12.63
176
1,066
451
824
465
59.8
52.7
54.8
54.1
59.8
15.68
16.32
16.31
16.14
13.39
4,947
54.6
16.68
5,033
54.5
16.90
15
Total...
LABORERS.
California.....................................
Georgia........................................
Illinois.........................................
Iowa............................................
Massachusetts.............................
Michigan.....................................
19
12
33
13
19
32
441
231
434
284
161
359
53.6
57.6
56.3
58.5
51.5
57.6
$13.36
6.91
10.46
10.50
9.97
10.14
470
251
541
399
174
351
52.8
57.1
55.5
58.7
51.0
57.4
$13.54
7.05
10.51
10.55
9.78
10.83
Minnesota...................................
New York...................................
Ohio.............................................
Pennsylvania..............................
Wisconsin....................................
9
60
38
69
15
166
697
325
377
1,166
59.6
55.5
55.5
55.9
60.0
10.84
9.95
9.77
9.62
9.73
261
686
368
365
1,278
59.7
54.5
54.8
55.8
59.9
11.15
10.18
10.71
10.00
10.05
Total..................................
319
4,641
57.0
10.15
5.144
56.7
10.47
MACHINE HANDS.
California „_ ......................
Georgia........................................
Illinois.................................... .
Iowa............................................
Massachusetts ...........................
Michigan.....................................
19
12
36
13
21
33
432
232
509
363
309
422
51.6
57.7
65.0
58.7
51.2
56.9
$20.24
12.41
18.55
13.79
16.37
14.63
422
237
538
425
300
428
51.5
57.3
54.0
58.6
50.6
56.6
$20.42
13.04
18.85
13.89
16.44
15.41
Minnesota....................................
New York....................................
Ohio.............................................
Pennsvlvania...........................
Wisconsin...................................
9
62
38
84
15
255
1,109
495
822
1,022
59.6
53.7
55.1
54.6
60.0
14.38
15.60
15.74
14.89
10.83
247
1,161
569
788
959
59.8
53.1
54.9
54.6
59.9
14.70
15.85
16.72
15.29
12.17
Total..................................
342
5,970
55.8
14.97
6,074
55.5
15.57
FURNITURE MANUFACTURING.
SUM M ARY.
This report, based oil information obtained from representative
establishments, shows the full-time weekly earnings, the full-time
hours of labor per week, and the rate of wages (or earnings) per hour
in the principal occupations of the furniture industry of the United
States. Figures relating to full-time hours of labor per week, and
rates of wages (or earnings) per hour are presented for the years
1907 to 1913, inclusive, and for full-time weekly earnings for the
years 1910 to 1913, inclusive.
Earlier reports1 of this Bureau have presented wages and hours
of labor in the industry from 1890 to 1912.
Full-time hours of labor per week in this industry in 1913 were
1.6 per cent lower than in 1912, 2.1 per cent lower than in 1911,
and 2.7 per cent lower than in 1910. Rates of wages per hour in 1913
were 3.6 per cent higher than in 1912, 5.8 per cent higher than in 1911,
and 7.9 per cent higher than in 1910, while the full-time weekly earn
ings were 1.8 per cent higher in 1913 than in 1912, 2.8 per cent higher
than in 1911, and 4.1 per cent higher than in 1910.
The reduction in full-time hours of labor makes the changes in
rates of wages per hour somewhat different from the changes in full
time weekly earnings.
The most significant facts concerning the several occupations
covered by this report are summarized in the table below. The
data for the years 1907 to 1911 were secured in 1911. Owing to the
difficulty of finding establishments having records extending back
for a period of years and also owing to the amount of work involved,
data for 1907 to 1909 were secured from a smaller number of estab
lishments, some of them perhaps less representative than those that
have furnished data for the later years.
According to the plan of the table, direct comparisons, which are
indicated by the grouping of the years within braces, can be made
properly only between two or more successive years where the data
are for identical establishments.
i Previous reports of wages and hours of labor in furniture manufacturing have been published by the
Bureau as follows: Nineteenth Annual Report, covering 1890 to 1903; Bulletin No. 59 (July, 1905), covering
1903 and 1904; Bulletin No. 65 (July, 1906), covering 1904 and 1905; Bulletin No. 71 (July, 1907), covering
1905 and 1906; Bulletin No. 77 (July, 1908), covering 1906 and 1907; Bulletin No. 129 (Aug., 1913), covering
1907 to 1912.
105
106
B U LLETIN OF TH E BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS.
The data are for one pay-roll period in each year, the period ending
nearest May 15 being selected, except in a very few establishments
in which conditions in May were abnormal.
The figures for the years from 1907 to the first presentation for
1912 are reproduced from Bulletin No. 129, except the average full
time weekly earnings for 1910 to 1912, which figures have been com
puted for this Bulletin from data gathered for those years. The aver
age full-time weekly earnings have not been computed for the period
1907 to 1910, owing to the lack of funds. It will be observed that
the average full-time weekly earnings are not exactly the same as
the product of the average rate of wages per hour and the average
full-time hours per week. This difference is explained and illustrated
on page 16.
In 1913 the average full-time Weekly earmngs in the seven principal
occupations were: Cabinetmakers, $13.30; carvers, $17.41; chair
assemblers, $11.32; finishers, $11.81; machine hands, $12.50; uphol
sterers, $16.42; veneerers, $12.45. The average full-time hours
of labor per week in 1913 in the various establishments were: For
cabinetmakers, 57.2; for carvers, 55.1; for chair assemblers, 57.3;
for finishers, 57.2; for machine hands, 57.6; for upholsterers, 55.8;
for veneerers, 57.2.
All employees for whom figures are given in this report are males.
AVERAGE FULL-TIME HOURS OF WORK PER W EEK, RATES OF WAGES PER HOUR,
AND FULL-TIME W EEK LY EARNINGS IN EACH OF THE PRINCIPAL OCCUPATIONS
IN FURNITURE MANUFACTURING, 1907 TO 1913.
[The figures set opposite each bracketed group of years are for identical establishments.]
Year.
Number of
employees.
Average
full-time
hours per
week.
Average
rate of
wages per
hour.
50 establishments..
1907
1908
1909
1910
632
771
56.7
57.1
56.9
56.7
$0.2350
.2295
.2279
.2374
112 establishments.
1910
1911
1,801
1,846
58.0
57.7
.2310
.2324
$13.28
13.29
169 establishments.
1911
1912
2,455
2,427
58.3
58.1
.2327
.2324
13.46
13.43
199 establishments
Carvers, hand:
1912
1913
2,939
3,184
58.1
57.2
.2284
.2339
13.20
13.30
1907
1908
1909
1910
127
151
148
54.2
54.5
53.0
52.7
.3111
.3139
.3264
.3380
65 establishments..
1910
1911
315
345
56.1
55.5
.3133
.3222
17.36
17.57
76 establishments.
1911
1912
367
334
56.2
56.3
.3120
.3152
17.28
17.52
82 establishments..
1912
1913
350
56.3
55.1
.3133
.3195
17.44
17.41
Occupation, and number of
establishments.
Cabinetmakers:
25 establishments..
1Not computed.
Average
full-time
weekly
earnings.
C1)
0)
8
WAGES AND HOURS OF LABOR, 1907 TO 1913-----FURNITURE.
107
AVERAGE FULL-TIME HOURS OF WORK PER WEEK, RATES OF WAGES PER HOUR,
AND FULL-TIME W EEK LY EARNINGS IN EACH OF THE PRINCIPAL OCCUPATIONS
IN FURNITURE MANUFACTURING, 1907 TO 1913—Concluded.
Year.
Number of
employees.
Average
full-time
hours per
week.
Average
rate of
wages per
hour.
Chair assemblers:
6 establishments...
1910
1911
165
141
57.7
58.0
$0.1932
.2022
$11.16
11.73
15 establishments..
1911
1912
227
237
58.3
57.8
.2023
.2062
11.77
11.86
1912
1913
453
519
57.8
57.3
.1927
.1985
11.10
11.32
52 establishments..
1907
1908
1909
1910
1,217
927
1,127
1,164
57.3
57.5
57.3
57.3
.1966
.2007
.1949
.1989
128 establishments.
1910
1911
3,132
3,206
58.5
58.0
.1955
.1978
11.40
11.43
192 establishments
1911
1912
4,407
4,357
58.5
58.1
.1937
.1995
11.31
11.55
1912
1913
5,290
5,287
58.2
57.2
.1973
.2073
11.44
11.81
51 establishments..
1907
1908
1909
1910
1,347
1,047
1,153
1,239
58.2
58.1
57.9
57.4
.2114
.2116
.2138
.2189
121 establishments.
1910
1911
3,151
3,107
58.7
58.3
.2118
.2161
12.39
12.55
192 establishments.
1911
1912
4,855
4,797
58.8
58.4
.2108
.2164
12.35
12.39
1912
1913
6,212
6,700
58.5
57.6
.2111
.2181
12.30
12.50
19 establishments..
1907
1908
1909
1910
383
310
307
325
53.6
53.5
53.8
53.8
.3004
.2976
.2962
.3110
38 establishments..
1910
1911
501
518
55.0
54.7
.2971
.3123
16.20
16.90
49 establishments..
1911
1912
558
552
55.8
55.5
.2996
.3068
16.55
16.85
54 establishments..
Veneerers:
53 establishments..
1912
1913
583
635
56.4
55.8
.2913
.2961
16.33
16.42
1910
1911
333
317
58.8
58.4
.1999
.2024
11.75
11.81
94 establishments..
1911
1912
430
407
58.7
58.3
.2063
.2190
12.10
12.74
123 establishments.
1912
1913
563
698
58.3
57.2
.2125
.'2184
12.36
12.45
Occupation, and number of
establishments.
23 establishments..
Finishers:
228 establishments.
Machine hands:
226 establishments.
Upholsterers:
Average
full-time
weekly
earnings.
A)
h)
(i)
lL)
(l)
w
V7
0)
m
(i)
(l)
0)
1Not computed.
Wages and hours of labor vary materially in different establish
ments, hence the inclusion or exclusion of an establishment in a group,
if it differs greatly from the average, may raise or lower the average
for the group. Thus, referring to the table above, it is seen that the
average full-time weekly earnings of cabinetmakers in 169 establish
ments decreased from $13.46 in 1911 to $13.43 in 1912. In 199
establishments there was an increase from $13.20 in 1912 to $13.30
108
BULLETIN OF TH E BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS.
in 1913. The inclusion of the 30 additional establishments, there
fore, changed the average weekly earnings for 1912 from $13.43 to
$13.20. Consequently it would not be a correct comparison to state
that the decrease was from $13.46 in 1911 to $13.30 in 1913. The
movement from one year to another is indicated with the greatest
degree of certainty by the figures for identical establishments. The
difference between $13.46 and $13.43 represents the decrease from
1911 to 1912, and the difference between $13.20 and $13.30 repre
sents the increase from 1912 to 1913, as nearly as can be determined
from the data available. In the table the comparable data for
identical establishments are bracketed.
Owing to the change in the number of establishments from year
to year it is difficult to make a comparison of the actual data over a
period of several years, or to get an exact measure of the changes.
To aid in the making of such a comparison, relative (or index) num
bers have been computed from the averages in the preceding table
for full-time hours per week, rates of wages per hour, and full-time
weekly earnings for each occupation for the years 1910 to 1913,
inclusive. These relative numbers are simply percentages in which
the figures for 1913 are taken as the base, or 100 per cent. The
relative for each year is the per cent that the average in that year is
of the average for 1913, as determined by the method explained on
page 18. Thus in the table below the full-time weekly earnings of
cabinetmakers in 1910 were 99.4 per cent of the full-time weekly
earnings in 1913.
RELATIVE FULL-TIME HOURS PER W EE K , RATES OF WAGES PER HOUR, AND FULL
TIME W EEK LY EARNINGS IN THE PRINCIPAL OCCUPATIONS IN FURNITURE MAN
UFACTURING, 1910 TO 1913.
(1 9 1 3 = 1 0 0 .0 .)
Cabinetmakers.
Year.
1910..
1911..
1912..
1913..
Chair assemblers.
Finishers.
Rela
Rela Rela Rela Rela Rela Rela
Rela Rela Rela
Rela
tive
tive
tive
tive
tive
tive
tive
tive
tive
tive
tive
full
full
full rates
full
full
full
full rates
rates
of
rates
of
of time
of
time
time wages time
time
time
time wages
wages
wages
weekly hours
weekly hours
weekly hours
hours
per
per
per
per
per
per
per
earn
earn
earn
per
week. hour.
week. hour.
week. hour.
ings.
week. hour.
ings.
ings.
102.5
101.9
101.6
100.0
97.2
97.8
97.7
100.0
99.4
99.5
99.3
100.0
Machine hands.
1910..
1911..
1912..
1913..
Carvers, hand.
103.0
102.3
101.6
100.0
92.4
94.3
96.8
100.0
96.8
98.1
98.4
100.0
103.1
102.0
102.2
100.0
94.4
97.1
98.1
100.0
97.6
98.8
100.2
100.0
101.2
101.7
100.9
100.0
Upholsterers.
102.2
101.6
101.1
100.0
91.4
96.1
98.4
100.0
93.6
97.7
99.5
100.0
91.0
95.2
97.1
100.0
92.6
97.3
98.1
100.0
Veneerers.
103.3
102.6
101.9
100.0
90.5
91.7
97.3
100.0
93.8
94.3
99.3
100.0
103.3
102.5
101.8
100.0
91.3
92.4
95.2
100.0
Rela
tive
full
time
week
ly
earn
ings.
94.6
94.9
96.9
100.0
WAGES AND HOURS OF LABOR, 1907 TO 1913— FURNITURE.
109
It will be observed that the general tendency of each occupation is
toward a reduction of working hours and an increase in rates of
wages per hour and of earnings per full week. No data are available
to show the amount of work afforded employees each year or the
variation from year to year. The relative full-time hours per week
indicate the change in the hours of labor of employees working full
time, but do not reflect in any way the greater or less amount of full
time work afforded. This point is further discussed on page 15.
A like table of relative numbers is next shown for the industry as
a whole, as determined by a combination of the data for the several
occupations. Data were obtained for the principal occupations of
the industry but not for all occupations. The method of computing
this table is explained on page 19.
RELATIVE FULL-TIME HOURS PER W EEK , RATES OF WAGES PER HOUR, AND FULL
TIME W EE K LY EARNINGS IN FURNITURE MANUFACTURING, 1910 TO 1913.
(19 1 3 —100.0*)
Year.
1910...................................
1911...................................
1912...................................
1913 . .
Relative
full-time
hours per
week.
102.8
102.1
101.6
100.0
Relative
rates of
wages
per hour.
Relative
full-time
weekly
earnings.
92.7
94.5
96.5
100.0
96.1
97.3
98.2
100.0
From the table it is seen that the relative or index number for
full-time hours per week decreased from 102.8 in 1910 to 100 in 1913,
or, in other words, full-time hours per week in 1910 were 102.8 per
cent of what they were in 1913. The relative or index number for
rates of wages per hour increased from 92.7 in 1910 to 100 in 1913.
Owing to the reduction of hours, the increase in full-time weekly
earnings was somewhat less than the increase in wages per hour, the
increase being from an index of 96.1 in 1910 to 100 in 1913.
In examining the relative or index numbers for the several occupa
tions, and for the industry as a whole in the two tables above, it
will be observed that they have been computed with 1913 taken
as the base, or 100 per cent. In the preceding reports of the Bureau
relating to this industry, relative numbers for rates of wages per hour
and for hours of labor per week were presented back to 1890 and the
base, or 100 per cent, was not the average rate of wages per hour or
the average full-time hours per week in any one year, but the average
rate of wages per hour and the average full-time hours per week for
the 10-year period 1890-1899. The table of such relative numbers
for the years 1890 to 1912 appears on page 158.
The reasons for changing the base of the relative numbers to the
most recent year are stated on pages 11 and 16. The relative num
110
B U LLETIN OF TH E BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS.
bers for the occupations shown in the new series here presented differ
from those of the old series shown in preceding reports because of the
change of the base, but the ratio existing between any two years
is the same in both series. The relative numbers for the industry
as a whole have likewise been recomputed with 1913 as the base.
In addition to making a change in the base period, a change has
also been made in the method of computing the industry relatives,
and because of this change the relatives here presented not only
differ from the relatives computed by the old method, but show a
slightly different ratio of change from year to year. In Bulletin No,
129, relative numbers for this industry were averages of the relative
numbers of the several occupations. For each year, for example, the
relative rate of wages per hour for each occupation was multiplied
(weighted) by the number of employees in that occupation, the
products thus computed for the several occupations were added, and
the sum of the products for all occupations divided by the total
employees in all occupations.
In computing the relative numbers from 1910 to 1913 for the indus
try as a whole as presented in this Bulletin, a combination was made,
not of the relative numbers for the several occupations, but of the
actual hours and wages of the several occupations. For each year
the average hours and wages were computed for all employees in all
occupations and the average for each preceding year was compared
with the average for 1913 to determine the index. It was deemed
necessary to make this change in method because a change in the
industry is not always reflected by the relative computed by averag
ing the occupation relatives. This reason is more fully explained
on page 19.
In addition to the relative numbers shown for the several occupa
tions and for the industry, three tables are here presented stating the
per cent of increase or decrease in the full-time hours of labor per
week, rates of wages per hour, and full-time weekly earnings in 1913 as
compared with each preceding year back to 1910. The figures of these
tables are computed from the relative numbers shown on pages 108
and 109, and simply reverse the method of comparison. Each of these
tables also shows the increase or decrease in 1912 as compared with
1911, and in 1911 as compared with 1910. Referring to the first line
of the first table, it is seen that the full-time hours of cabinetmakers
in 1913 were 1.6 per cent lower than in 1912, 1.9 per cent lower than
in 1911, and 2.4 per cent lower than in 1910. Further, it is seen that
the full-time hours of labor in this occupation were 0.3 per cent
lower in 1912 than in 1911 and 0.6 per cent lower in 1911 than in
1910. The figures of the several tables are read in like manner.
WAGES AND HOURS OF LABOR, 1907 TO 1913---- FURNITURE.
I ll
PER CENT OF INCREASE OR DECREASE IN FULL-TIME HOURS PER W EEK, RATES
OF WAGES PER HOUR, AND FULL-TIME W EEK LY EARNINGS, 1913 COMPARED
WITH EACH OF THE 3 YEARS PRECEDING, 1912 COMPARED WITH 1911, AND 1911,
COMPARED WITH 1910.
FULL-TIM E HOURS PER WEEK.
Per cent higher (+ ) or lower (—)
in 1913 than i n -
Per cent higher (+ ) or
lower (—) in—
Occupation.
1910
1911
1912
1912 than
in 1911
1911 than
in 1910
Cabinetmakers...............................................
Carvers, hand................................................
Chair assemblers............................................
Finishers........................................................
-
2.4
3.0
1.2
3.2
-1 .9
-2 .0
-1 .7
-2 .4
-1 .6
-2 .2
- .9
-1 .8
—0.3
+ .2
— .8
— .7
Machine hands..............................................
Upholsterers...................................................
Veneerers... ...................................................
- 2.9
- 2.2
- 3.2
-2 .2
-1 .6
-2 .5
-1 .6
-1 .1
-1 .9
— .7
— .5
— .7
— .7
— .6
— .7
The industry.......................................
- 2.7
-2 .1
-1 .6
— .5
— .7
.
—0.6
—1.1
+ .5
— .8
BATES OF WAGES PER HOUR.
Cabinetmakers..............................................
Carvers, hand................................................
Chair assemblers............................................
Finishers........................................................
+
+
+
+
2.9
5.9
9.9
9.5
+2.2
+3.0
+5.0
+8.2
+2.4
+1.9
+3.0
+5.0
—0.2
+1.0
+2.0
+3.0
+0.7
+2.9
+4.6
+1.2
Machine hands..............................................
Upholsterers...................................................
Veneerers........................................................
+ 8.2
+ 9.4
+10.5
+6.0
+4.1
+9.1
+3.3
+1.6
+2.8
+2.7
+2.4
+6.1
+2.1
+5.1
+1.3
The industry.......................................
+ 7.9
+5.8
+3.6
+2.1
+1.9
FULL-TIME W EEKLY EARNINGS.
Cabinetmakers..............................................
Carvers, hand................................................
Chair assemblers............................................
Finishers........................................................
+
+
+
+
0.6
2.5
5.0
8.7
+0.5
+1.2
+2.8
+5.4
+0.7
-0 .2
+1.9
+3.2
—0.2
+1.4
+ .8
+2.1
+0.1
+1.2
+5.1
+ .3
Machine hands..............................................
Upholsterers...................................................
Veneerers.......................................................
+ 3.3
+ 6.8
+ 6.6
+1.9
+2.4
+6.0
+1.6
+ .5
+ .7
+ -3
+ 1.8
+5.3
+1.3
+4.4
+ .5
The industry.......................................
+ 4.1
+2.8
+1.8
+ .9
+1.2
EXPLANATION OF SCOPE AND METHOD.
This report includes establishments engaged in manufacturing
household and office furniture. All information was secured from
pay rolls of the various establishments by the agents of the Bureau.
The number of establishments from which data were secured has
varied considerably during the period in this report, as follows:
1907 to 1910...................................................
1910 and 1911................................................
1911 and 1912................................................
1912 and 1913................................................
52 identical establishments.
128 identical establishments.
199 identical establishments.
231 identical establishments.
The data for 1907 to 1911 were secured in 1911, and the number
of establishments included in the full period from 1907 to 1910, inclu
sive, was limited, owing to the difficulty of finding establishments
112
B ULLETIN OF TH E BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS.
that had preserved records for those years and also to the amount of
work involved. The establishments vary from year to year, as estab
lishments go out of business or cease to be representative and new
establishments must be substituted in the wage study. Occasionally
occupations are dispensed with in a factory or new occupations are
introduced, and sometimes data are not available for all occupations
in a factory.
Data for a group of establishments in any year will not be pre
cisely the same as for a different group of establishments in the same
year, even though nearly all of the establishments may be common
to both groups. In using the actual figures in this report, compari
son from year to year should be made only between data coming
from identical establishments. In the tables the data from iden
tical establishments are bracketed. Data from an establishment are
not included in the report unless the information for at least two
years is available.
In selecting establishments from which to secure data the Bureau
undertook to represent all States in which furniture manufacturing
is of material importance, the measure of importance being the num
ber of employees as reported by the United States Census of Manu
factures. The table which follows shows by States the number of
employees in this industry as reported by the United States Census
Office for 1910; the total number on the pay roll in the establish
ments from which the Bureau secured data for 1913; and the number
in selected occupations for whom data for 1913 are shown.
TOTAL NUMBER OF EMPLOYEES IN FURNITURE MANUFACTURING AND NUMBER OF
EMPLOYEES IN ESTABLISHMENTS FOR WHICH DATA ARE SHOWN FOR 1913.
State.
Number of
employees
reported
by United
States cen
sus of 1910.
Establishments for which data are
shown by the Bureau of Labor
Statistics for 1913.
Number of <
employees—
Number
of estab
lish
ments.
On pay
roll.
For whom
data are
shown.
19,619
15,171
13,310
10,745
10,583
44
20
23
25
16
4,814
4,818
3,427
3,486
3,089
2,932
2,751
2,189
1,826
1,629
8,019
9,733
7,148
5,533
3,368
27
28
12
13
9
1,991
3,287
2,878
1,393
658
1,241
1,838
994
834
439
Tennessee............................................................................
Maryland............................................................................
Other States1.....................................................................
2,303
1,856
16,038
6
8
601
803
313
412
Total.........................................................................
123,426
231
31,245
17,378
New York...........................................................................
Michigan.............................................................................
Illinois.................................................................................
Indiana...............................................................................
Wisconsin...........................................................................
Ohio.................................................................................... 1!
Pennsylvania.....................................................................ii
Massachusetts.....................................................................!!
North Carolina................................................................... !
Missouri.............................................................................. !
1 Including States having less than 1,700 each in 1910.
WAGES AND HOURS OF LABOR, 1907 TO 1913— FURNITURE.
113
According to the census of 1910, more than 87 per cent of the total
number of employees in the industry are found in the States in
which the establishments furnishing information to the Bureau of
Labor Statistics are located. The number of employees in the
establishments from which the Bureau secured 1913 data was equal
to 25.3 per cent of the total in the industry in 1910, and the number
for which the Bureau presents detailed information for 1913 was
equal to 14.1 per cent of the total in the industry in 1910. The pay
rolls copied were for one week, half month, or a month, according to
the custom of the establishment. The pay roll taken each year was
that nearest May 15, except in a very few establishments where
abnormal conditions made it necessary to take a pay roll for some
other time of the year.
The full-time hours of labor per week shown in the tables of the
report are the regular hours of work in the occupations under normal
conditions in the establishments. The working time is the hours on
duty, including intervals of waiting for work. The full-time hours per
week and the relatives based thereon do not in any way indicate the
extent of unemployment. Employees may work overtime, broken
time, or be laid off, or a temporary reduction may be made in work
ing hours without such change affecting the full-time hours per week
as presented in this Bulletin.
The rates of wages per hour appearing in the tables include the
wages of time workers and the earnings of pieceworkers. All time
rates by the day or week have been reduced to rates per hour, and the
earnings of pieceworkers or of persons working at both time and
piece rates have been reduced to earnings per hour by dividing the
earnings by the hours worked. The time workers and pieceworkers
of each occupation are combined as one group. For the majority
of the establishments the pay-roll records were in such shape that
it was possible to secure data in such detail that classified rates
of wages could be shown, but for a part of the establishments in
cluded this was not possible.
A change in the earnings per hour of pieceworkers does not of
necessity indicate a change in piece rates. Without a change in
piece rates a change in methods or of machinery, a speeding up or
more steady work resulting from greatet volume of business may
increase the hourly earnings; or, on the other hand, changes in
methods, a slowing down in speed, or a lull in business may reduce
hourly earnings. Varying intervals of waiting for work while on duty
may also affect hourly earnings.
The full-time weekly earnings are the earnings per week of em
ployees working full time, or the earnings on broken time reduced to
equivalent earnings for a full week. In considering changes in full
time earnings per week, notice should also be taken of changes in
45410°— Bull..153—14------8
114
B ULLETIN OF TH E BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS.
full-time hours of labor per week. A reduction in the hours of a
pieceworker may reduce his earnings in a week and leave his earnings
per hour unchanged, while a reduction of hours for a week worker
will, if his weekly rate remains the same, increase his rate per hour.
The averages of full-time hours per week, rates of wages per hour,
and full-time weekly earnings are computed by-adding the data for
the several employees and dividing the total by the number of em-'
ployees.
In studying the tables it will be observed that the average full
time weekly earnings are not exactly the same as the result that would
be obtained by multiplying the average rate per hour by the average
hours per week, owing to the change in the relative weight of the
items. This point is illustrated on page 16.
The change in the basis of comparison in computing the relative
numbers from the average of 1890-1899 to 1913 is referred to on
page 11. A more extended explanation is also given on pages 16 to
18. The relative rates of wages per hour and the relative full-time
hours per week from 1890 to 1912 on the basis of 1890-1899 equals
100, published in Bulletin No. 129, are reproduced in this Bulletin on
page 158.
The method used in computing the relative or index numbers for
the several occupations can best be explained by an illustration.
Such an illustration is given on page 18.
A word of caution is given as to the use of relative numbers. The
per cent of increase or decrease from one year to another is not the
difference between the relative numbers for the year. Thus, as shown
in the table on page 109, the relative full-time weekly earnings in the
furniture industry increased from 96.1 in 1910 to 98.2 in 1912, an
increase of 2.1 in the relative for 1912 over the relative for 1910,
which number (2.1) is 2.2 per cent of 96.1, thus making an increase
in 1912 of 2.2 per cent for 1910.
The base for the computation of the relative numbers of the several
occupations, as stated above, has been changed from the average
of 1890-1899 to 1913. The same change of base has been made
in computing the relative numbers for the industry as a whole. In
addition to the change of base in computing the relative numbers for
the industry, a change has been made in the method of computation.
The relative numbers for the industry here presented, covering
1910 to 1913, are computed directly from the average hours of labor,
rates of wages per hour, and weekly earnings of all employees in all
occupations combined. In other words, the relatives for the industry
as a whole have been computed for this report in the same manner as
the relatives for each occupation. This change of method is explained
and illustrated on pages 18 to 23.
WAGES AND HOURS OF LABOR, 1907 TO 1913— FURNITURE.
115
In addition to the text tables presented in the summary, seven gen
eral tables are given, namely:
Table I.—Average and classified rates of wages per hour in the
United States, by years, 1907 to 1913.
Table II.—Average and classified rates of wages per hour in each
year, by States, 1912 and 1913.
Table III.—Average and classified rates of wages per hour in
each State, by years, 1912 and 1913.
Table IV.—Average and classified full-time hours of work per
week in the United States, by years, 1907 to 1913.
Table V.—Average and classified full-time hours of work per week
in each year, by States, 1912 and 1913.
Table VI.—Average and classified full-time hours of work per
week in each State, by years, 1912 and 1913.
Table VII.—Average full-time hours of work per week and average
full-time weekly earnings, by States, 1912 and 1913.
In Tables I and IV, in addition to actual data, percentages com
puted therefrom are given. The data from these two tables are
summarized in the text table on page 106.
When sufficient data for a State are available to warrant pre
sentation, such data are presented by States in Tables II, III, V,
and VI. Tables III and VI repeat the data for the several States
given in Tables II and V, rearranged for the convenience of the
reader.
DESCRIPTION OF PRINCIPAL PRODUCTIVE OCCUPATIONS.
This report includes only data from establishments manufacturing
household furniture, including bedroom, dining-room, and parlor
suites, library and hall pieces, tables, chairs, etc., and in a few instances
from those making office desks, tables, and chairs. Establishments
manufacturing metallic furniture and those which make a specialty
of expensive made-to-order articles have not been included.
Apart from the varying character of the output, which is influenced
to some extent by local conditions as to timber and labor supply as
well as by local market demands, few differences are found in furni
ture-manufacturing establishments in different sections of the country.
Much the same processes and much the same kinds of machinery are
employed everywhere. A workman from a furniture factory in one
of the North Atlantic or North Central States would find little diffi
culty in adapting himself to conditions in a similar establishment
located in a South Central or South Atlantic State, and vice versa.
The occupation terms and the operations embraced under such terms
are practically identical in all sections.
11(3
BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS.
The work of furniture making, as observed everywhere, falls
roughly into three principal divisions—machine work, cabinetmaking, and finishing. Upholstering forms another division of work
in many establishments, while the increasing amount of veneered
furniture being turned out has led to the creation of distinct veneer
departments in some of the larger plants.
In the machine department the rough lumber is cut and dressed
and the various parts which enter into the completed piece are
fashioned. Employees in this department are classed either as
machine hands or helpers, in many cases the line of demarcation
between the two classes being a very vague one, since it is often the
practice gradually to promote helpers to positions as machine oper
ators as they develop sufficient skill for the work. In addition to
the helpers on machines there are usually a number of common
laborers, whose work consists in handling heavy materials, sweeping
floors, and making themselves generally useful. Regarding the
pay of machine woodworkers it has been observed that length of
service with the establishment and general proficiency are usually
more important factors in determining the wages of a workman than
is the mere fact that he happens to be operating a particular kind of
machine. For this reason a classification of machine hands accord
ing to machines operated would be of little, if any, value.
In the cabinetmaking department the pieces of furniture are as
sembled or set up. This is often designated as “ bench work.” It
is necessarily done by hand, though in some cases clamps or other
devices are used for forcing joints up tight. In some lines of prod
uct, as in the manufacture of extension tables of the cheaper grades,
the work of the cabinetmaker is quite simple and requires little skill,
consisting merely in fitting together the parts of tops, pedestals, etc.
Men engaged in this kind of work, while not cabinetmakers in the
strict sense of the term, are generally so designated in the trade. In
some localities the term “ case fitters ” is applied to men doing cabinet
work. In chair factories the duties of the chair assembler correspond
in a general way to those of the cabinetmaker in case-goods estab
lishments. This work consists in gluing and fitting together the
different parts of the chair, a frame being used to hold the parts
in proper shape until the glue is dry. A variety of terms, such as
“ framers,” “ stoolers,” “ chair makers,” “ drivers up,” etc., is used
to describe this class of workmen in different establishments. In
many factories, particularly those making the heavier and more
expensive grades of chairs, as at Grand Rapids, the designation
cabinetmakers, instead of chair assemblers, is in common use. It
should be emphasized in this connection that few all-round skilled
cabinetmakers, as the term was formerly employed, are now found in
furniture-manufacturing establishments, the introduction of improved
WAGES AND HOURS OF LABOR, 1907 TO 1913---- FURNITURE.
117
labor-saving machinery and the modern tendency toward specializa
tion in industry, with the desire to effect a lowering of the cost of
production, having caused such to be replaced in large measure by a
cheaper type of labor.
The finishing department, as the term implies, is where the assem
bled piece of furniture is given its final treatment before being
packed for shipment. The finishing process includes staining, filling,
sanding, varnishing, and, in furniture of the better grades, rubbing
and polishing. In a few establishments there has been noticed a
tendency to restrict the term “ finisher” to the men doing varnish
work only, but in the vast majority of furniture plants it is now
used to include all persons in the finishing department except those
classed as “ common labor.” In several factories located in the
North Central States women and girls have been found among the
workers in the varnishing room, but in other sections this work is
usually performed by males exclusively.
The work of the other occupations is practically all done by males.
So few females are employed that data relating to females are omitted
from this report.
The Bureau has compiled data as to full-time hours per week,
rates of wages per hour, and full-time weekly earnings for seven
occupations. Brief descriptions of these occupations and processes
follow:
CABINETMAKERS.
These men assemble the parts that have been cut and dressed in
the machine department. Their work is necessarily done by hand
and often requires considerable skill, though in some establishments,
as table factories, the work is simple and admits of much specializa
tion. As has already been stated, few all-round cabinetmakers, in
the sense in which the term was formerly used, are found in the
modern furniture factory, owing to the extent to which specialization
is now carried. In general, the work consists merely in fitting to
gether the parts that form the complete piece of furniture. In a
few establishments the term “ bench hands,” “ case fitters,” or “ car
penters,” instead of “ cabinetmakers,” is used.
CARVERS, HAND.
This occupation is being largely superseded by machine carving,
though in establishments producing high-grade furniture many hand
carvers are still employed. It requires a high degree of skill and
some artistic ability. It consists in carving or fashioning designs
in wood for ornamental purposes, as the arms and backs of chairs,
the posts and headboards of beds, the feet of cabinets, panels in
sideboards, etc. The work is done with highly tempered steel tools
or knives. Carved work is often roughed out on the machine and
finished by hand. Hand carvers usually command good wages.
118
BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS.
CHAIR ASSEMBLERS.
In the manufacture of chairs the work of the chair assembler
corresponds in a general way to that of the cabinetmaker in case
goods. In many of the factories producing the finer grades of chairs
this work is called cabinetmaking, and such employees have been so
classified in this report. “ Chair assembling,” as applied to lower
grade chairs, is an appropriate term to indicate the kind of work
done, although this term is not in common use. Most of the shaping
operations on the different parts of the chair are performed in the
machine department. The chair assembler, however, usually does
some machine work, as boxing, mortising, etc., the amount of which
depends on the extent to which division of labor is carried. Ordi
narily chair assembling is done by a group of several men working
together. When all parts of the chair have been finally shaped and
fitted, the dowel pins are glued in and the different pieces are put
together and placed in a press or clamp, which holds them firmly
in place until the glue has had time to harden. In the case of flush
joints the chair assembler shaves or trims the parts forming the joint
until it is quite smooth. Frame makers, who may be included with
chair assemblers, fit up and put together the frames for chair seats.
Much of their work, as sawing, boring, mortising, etc., is done on
machines.
FINISHERS.
The term “ finisher,” as used in this report, includes all classes of
skilled or semiskilled workmen in the finishing department. Ordi
narily the first operation in finishing is staining, which is done by
dipping the piece in a vat of stain or, if the piece is large, rubbing
the stain in with a brush or rag. The piece is next filled to close
up the pores. This is done by rubbing in the mineral filling with
a rag. Staining and filling are usually regarded as semiskilled occu
pations, although in many establishments the work is done largely
by unskilled help. After filling, the article is sanded to make it
smooth. This is generally done by boys or unskilled men. It is
next treated with shellac and then sanded again, after which it is
ready for the varnisher. Usually from one to three coats of varnish
are applied, depending on the degree of “ finish” desired. Between
coats of varnish it is rubbed with oil or water and rotten stone, or
is sandpapered. Polishers or rubbers who do the final finishing are
often highly skilled men and are well paid. In some establishments
rubbing of flat surfaces is done by machines. The rubbing or pol
ishing device has a rapid back-and-forth movement and may be
shifted at will by the operator. It makes the work much easier
than when done by hand. Spraying machines for applying varnish
by means of compressed air have been found in use in a few fac
WAGES AND HOURS OF LABOR, 1907 TO 1913---- FURNITURE.
119
tories. The above operations, with some variations, comprise the
finishing work in all furniture establishments. In the treatment of
chairs and tables of the cheaper grades the varnish is usually applied
by dipping. Enamelers and gilders, found in a few establishments,
are classed with varnishers. Grain printing, which may be consid
ered a finishing process, is done by running the piece to be grained,
if it is flat, between two rollers, one of which is made of gelatin,
with its surface so prepared that it prints an imitation grain upon
the part coming in contact with it. Irregular surfaces and edges
are grained by being held against the roller. An inking device
keeps the gelatin rollet constantly inked. Usually the parts that
have been grained are shellacked and allowed to dry thoroughly
before being put together. Hand sanders and all other unskilled
employees have been excluded from finishers in the present report.
MACHINE HANDS.
These men operate various types of power-driven machines and
often shift from one machine to another, according to the exigencies
of their work. The principal machines used in furniture manufac
ture are the boring machine, carver, dovetailer, jointer or facer, mold
ing machine, mortiser, planer, router, sander (belt or drum), saw
(band, cut-off, jig, miter, rip, etc.), scraper, shaper, sticker, tenoner,
and turning lathe. A machine called the “ universal woodworker,”
built on the plan of a planer or jointer, is used in some factories.
This machine is adapted to a number of different uses, as grooving,
rabbeting, crosscutting, ripping, dadoing, routing, panel raising, etc.
In the collection of data on the wages and hours of labor of machine
hands for inclusion in the present report care was taken to confine
the information entirely to men engaged in the actual operation of
machines; persons classed as helpers,learners,unskilled laborers, etc.,
being omitted in all cases.
UPHOLSTERERS.
There is much specialization in this occupation at the present
time, and few all-round upholsterers are now found. In many estab
lishments the work is divided into processes, all more or less simple,
in which much unskilled labor can be employed. Thus, spring
setting, pad making, sewing, etc., represent distinct subdivisions of
upholstering in many chair and lounge factories. The persons doing
this work, usually boys or women, can not be regarded as uphol
sterers in the strict sense of the term and are not included as such in
this report. The all-round upholsterer cuts the materials, puts in
the springs and fillings, makes the tufts, and performs all the other
operations of upholstering. He is usually assisted by one or more
120
BU LLETIN OF TH E BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS.
helpers. Only men of this class rank as regular upholsterers. In
many lounge factories a tufting device is now used which enables
this work to be done much more quickly and easily than by hand.
VENEERERS.
The work of veneering is that of overlaying or facing wood of a
less expensive quality with a thin piece of a finer or more beautiful
kind.
The processes in the veneer department include the cutting,
matching, and jointing of the veneer, the spreading of the glue either
by hand or by machine (usually a roller of gelatin revolving in a glue
tank) on the piece, the laying on of the veneer, and the placing of the
veneered pieces in a press which forces the veneer down tight against
the solid wood, and finally the shifting of the press load to a retainer
where it is left until the glue is thoroughly dried. Owing to the grow
ing scarcity of woods and the improvement in methods of veneering,
this occupation is becoming a very important one in the furniture
industry. Many establishments now have distinct veneering depart
ments, employing a considerable number of men at good wages.
Cutting and matching the veneer is considered highly skilled work
and is usually done by a man who does nothing else. Common
laborers employed solely to handle materials are not regarded as
veneerers and have not been included.
WAGES AND HOURS OF LABOR, 1907 TO 1913— FURNITURE.
T able
121
I . —AVERAGE AND CLASSIFIED RATES OF WAGES PER HOUR IN
THE UNITED STATES, B Y YEARS, 1907 TO 1913.
[The figures set opposite each bracketed group of years are for identical establishments.]
NUMBER.
Aver
Num age
full
ber
of
Occupation, and number of Year. em time
of establishments.
ploy hours
ees. per
week.
Employees earning each classified rate of wages
per hour.
Aver
age
25 30 40 50
rate of 8 12 14 16 18 20
wages and and and and and and and and £nd and
per un un un un un un un un un un
hour. der der der der der der der der der der
12 14 16 18 20 25
40 50 70
30
cts. cts. cts. cts. cts. cts. cts. cts. cts. cts.
CABINETMAKERS.
Establishments showing com
plete data:
56.3 SO. 2357
56.7 .2314
56.5 .2297
56.4 .2392
17
14
10
3
28
20
31
32
65
64
58
62
60
29
49
48
289
182
253
253
132
83
116
155
119
84
98
98
57.7
57.3
.2277
.2303
9
12
95 105 134
62 121 134
97
66
574
598
294
320
152 49
152 ‘ 53 . . . .
1,804
1,781
57.8
57.7
.2305
.2291
13
3
74 173 194
48 150 188
98
98
673
659
372
443
153
157
54
35 . . . .
/1912
145 establishments........... \1913
All establishments reported:
(1907
1908
50 establishments............. ' 1909
11910
2,248
2,467
57.8
56.9
.2244
.2293
3
6
59 177 287 167
72 205 292 182
847
814
489
624
179
245
40
20 *” i
890
632
771
862
56.7
57.1
56.9
56. 7
.2350
.2295
.2279
.2374
112 establishments.
/1910
\1911
1,801
1,846
58.0
57.7
.2310
.2324
169 establishments.
/1911
\1912
2,455
2,427
58.3
58.1
.2327
.2324
/1912
199 establishments............ \1913
2,939
3,184
58.1
57.2
.2284
.2339
(1907
11908
22 establishments.............. 11909
11910
155
113
138
136
53.7
53.8
52.4
52.1
.3176
.3203
.3311
.3420
53 establishments............. /1910
\1911
277
304
55.6
54.9
J1911
58 establishments............. \1912
306
277
/1912
66 establishments............. \1913
All establishments reported:
(1907
1908
25 establishments............. 11909
U910
65 establishments.
fl907
40 establishments............. ‘ 1908
1909
11910
783
542
674
756
88 establishments............. /1910
\1911
1,509
1,518
/1911
120 establishments. . , ___ \1912
42
43
41
58
31
23 . ...
18 . . . .
47 . . . .
CARVERS, HAND.
Establishments showing com
plete data:
2
2
2
3
3
2
2
14
10
13
11
33
33
30
25
75
44
60
68
19
13
25
20
7
8
6
9
.3190
.3292
3
2
4
6
35
39
46
42
157
162
23
31
9
22
55.8
55.8
.3207
.3217
2 '4
2
2
1
39
27
51
61
170
156
16
15
22
15
296
302
55.9
54.5
.3190
.3256
2
1
1
29
25
68
50
167
198
14
20
15
8
169
127
151
148
54.2
54.5
53.0
52.7
.3111
.3139
.3264
.3380
/1910
\1911
315
til
56.1
55.5
.3133
.3222
76 establishments.
/1911
\1912
367
334
56.2
56.3
.3120
.3152
82 establishments.
/1912
\1913
350
355
56.3
55.1
.3133
.3195
2
1
BU LLETIN OF TH E BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS.
122
T able
I.—AVERAGE
AND CLASSIFIED RATES OF WAGES PER HOUR IN
THE UNITED STATES, BY YEARS, 1907 TO 1913—Continued.
NUMBER—Continued.
Num
ber of
Occupation, and number of Year. emestablishments.
ploy-
Average
full
time
hours
per
week.
Employees earning each classified rate of wages
per hour.
Aver
age
12 14
rate of
wages and and and
per un un un
hour. der der der
12 14 16
cts. cts. cts.
16
and
un
der
18
cts.
18
and
un
der
20
cts.
20
and
un
der
25
cts.
25
and
un
der
30
cts.
30
and
un
der
40
cts.
40 50
and and
un un
der der
50 70
cts. cts.
CHAIR ASSEMBLERS.
Establishments showing com
plete data:
5 establishments.............. /1910
\1911
140
125
59.6 $0.1826
58.0 .1940
/1911
\1912
201
213
58.3
57.8
.1962
.2034
34
61
/1912
20 establishments............ \1913
All establishments reported:
6 establishments.............. /1910
\1911
419
57.7
57.2
.1906
.1955
94
106
104
138
165
141
57.7
58.0
.1932
.2022
15 establishments............. /1911
\1912
227
237
58.3
57.8
.2023
.2002
(1912
453
519
57.8
57.3
.1927
.1985
(1907
11908
11909
11910
1,056
786
968
992
57.1
57.2
57.0
57.0
.1957
.2003
.1933
.1984
179
139
159
160
311
249
282
284
124
106
116
121
102 establishments.
1910
[1911
2,
2,724
58.3
57.7
.1901
.1936
482
515
732
835
214
230
81
111
150 establishments.
/1911
\1912
3,614
3,521
58.4
57.
.1880
743 582 1,061
679
1,170
229
296
104
/1912
200 establishments......... \1913
All establishments reported:
1907
1908
52 establishments.
1909
1910
4,703
4,707
58.1
57.0
.1938 142 219
.2041 73 162
920
783
1,517
1,726
431
147
177
1,217
927
1,12:
1,164
57.3
57.5
57.3
57.3
.1966
.200'
.1949
1910
1911
3,132
3,206
58.5
58.0
. 1955
.1978
/1911 4,407
\1912 4,357
58.5
58.1
.1937
.1995
1912
1913
5,290
5,287
58.2
57.2
.1973
.2073
1907
1908
1909
1910
{
1,066
817
912
994
57.
57.8
57.7
57.7
.2147
.2160
.2173
.2231
161
104
110
101
356
272
309
325
195
147
162
216
117
96 establishments..
(1910 2,508
[1911 2,467
58.5
58.0
.2102
.2142
340
339
839
453
500
178
188
167 establishments.
T1911
[1912
4,196
4,148
58.7
58.3
.2151
640
597
1,
1,399
797
878
234
297
225 establishments.
(1912
11913
58.5
57.6
.2111
.2181
1,013
955
2,064 1,203
2,267 1,491
400
561
13 establishments.........
23 establishments............. \1913
11
FINISHERS.
Establishments showing com
plete data:
41 establishments.
1
128 establishments.
192 establishments.
228 establishments___
126
MACHINE HANDS.
Establishments showing com
plete data:
40 establishments.
45
27
10
13
WAGES AND HOURS OF LABOR, 1907 TO 1913— FURNITURE.
T able
123
I . —AVERAGE AND CLASSIFIED RATES OF WAGES PER HOUR IN
THE UNITED STATES, BY YEARS, 1907 TO 1913—Continued.
NUMBER—Concluded.
AverNum age
ber of full
Occupation, and number of Year. em- time
ploy- hours
per
week.
All establishments reported:
Employees earning each classified rate of wages
per hour.
Aver
age
rate of
wages and
per un
hour. der
12
cts.
14 | 16
and and
un un
der der
16 18
cts. cts.
18
and
un
der
20
cts.
20
and
un
der
25
cts.
25
and
un
der
30
cts.
30
and
un
der
40
cts.
40 50
and and
un un
der der
50 70
cts. cts.
107
75
74
119
113
114
108
17
7
7
7
161
176
7
10
159
153
51 establishments............
1907
1908
1909
1910
1,347
1,047
1,153
1,:—
58.2 $0.2114
58.1 .2116
57.9 .2138
57.4 .2189
121 establishments..........
/1910
\1911
3,151
3,107
58.7
58.3
.2118
.2161
192 establishments..........
1911
L
1912
4,855
4,797
58.
58.4
.2108
.2164
226 establishments..........
/1912
\1913
6,212
6,700
58.5
57.6
.2111
.2181
1907
1908
1909
1910
336
271
272
279
53.0
53.0
53.2
53.4
.3029
.2996
.3172
32 establishments............ /1910
\1911
433
454
55.0
54.5
.3157
123
131
35 establishments............ /1911
\1912
384
394
55.6
54.7
.3054
.3164
110
101
/1912
\1913
300
331
56.1
55.4
.2955
1907
1908
1909
1910
383
310
307
325
53.6
53.5
53.8
53.
.3004
.2976
.2962
.3110
38 establishments............ /1910
\1911
501
518
55.0
54.7
.2971
.3123
49 establishments............
/1911
\l912
558
552
55.8
55.5
.2996
.3068
54 establishments............
/1912
\1913
583
635
56.4
55.8
.2913
.2961
Establishments showing com
plete data:
44 establishments.. . . ___ (1910
\1911
267
58.7
58.2
.1973
.2002
(1911
79 establishments............. \1912
369
343
58.5
58.0
.2066
.2181
122 establishments...........
All establishments reported:
58 establishments.............
jl912
\1913
551
58.3
57.2
.2123
.2182
/1910
\1911
333
317
58.8
58.4
.1999
.2024
94 establishments.............
(1911
\1912
430
407
58.7
58.3
.2063
.2190
123 establishments........... /1912
\1913
563
58.3
57.2
.2125
.2184
UPHOLSTERERS.
Establishments showing com
plete data:
15 establishments............
37 establishments............
All establishments reported:
19 establishments............
1
51
112
123
VENEERERS.
124
107
13
32
158
165
241
268
91
149
32
10
8
124
T able
BULLETIN OF TH E BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS.
I . — AVERAGE AND CLASSIFIED RATES OF WAGES PER HOUR IN
THE UNITED STATES, BY YEARS. 1907 TO 1913—Continued.
PER CENT.1
Num
of
Occupation, and number of Year. ber
em
establishments.
ploy
ees.
Cabinetmakers:
Aver
age
full
time
hours
per
week.
Employees earning each classified rate of wages
per hour.
Aver
age
rate of 8 12 j 14
wages and and and
per un un- jun
hour. der der ! der
12 14 i 16
cts. cts.1cts.
16
and
un
der
18
cts.
56.3 $0.2357 2.2 3.6 5.4 8.3
56.7 .2314 2.6 3.7 7.9 111.8
56.5 .2297 1.5 4.6 6.1 |8.6
56.4 .2392 .4 4.2; 7.7 |8.2
18 ! 20
andj and
nn-l un
der! der
20 ! 25
cts.; cts.
25
and
un
der
30
cts.
30
and
un
der
40
cts.
40 50
and!and
un un
der der
50 70
cts. cts.
16.9
15.3
17.2
20.5
15.2
15.5
14.5
13.0
4.0 . . . .
4.2
2.7
6.2
40 establishments...
(1907
J1908
11909
[1910
783
542
674
756
88 establishments - . .
/1910
\1911
1,509
1,518
57.7
57.3
.2277
.2303
120 establishments..
/1911
\1912
1,804
1,781
57.8
57.7
.2305
.2291
.6 6.3 7.0 8.9 6.4' 38.0' 19.5 10.1 3.2 . . . .
.8 4.1 8.0! 8.8 4.3; 39.4| 21.1 10.0 3.5
I
.7 4.1 9.6 10.8 5.4! 37.3 20.6 8.5 3.0
.2 2.7, 8.4 10.6 5.5: 37.0: 24.9 8.8 2.0
/1912
\1913
2,248
2,467
57.8
56.9
.2244
.2293
.1 2.6' 7.9 12.8 7.4 ; 37.7 j 21.8
.2 2.9! 8.3 11.8 7.4; 33.0 25.3
22 establishments...
(1907
J1908
11909
(1910
155
113
138
136
53.7
53.8
52.4
52.1
.3176 ---.3203
::::
.3311
.3420
53 establishments...
(1910
\1911
277
304
55.6
54.9
.3190 . . . .
1.1 1.4 ! 12.6 16.6 56.7 8.3 3.2
.3292
. . . . . . . . .7 2.0 12.8 13.8 53.3 10.2 7.2
58 establishments...
;1911
\1912
306
277
55.8
55.8
.3207 . . . .
.3217
....
66 establishments...
Chair assemblers:
5 establishments___
/1912
\1913
296
302
55.9
54.5
.3190
.3256 ___ : : : : L ...
(1910
\1911
140
125
59.6
58.0
.1826
.1940
.7 7.923.6 26.4 9.3 20.7 10.0
6.411.2 25.6 10.4 31.2 13.6
1.4 . . . . . . . .
1.6
13 establishments...
/1911
\1912
201
213
58.3
57.8
.1962 1.5 10.013.4 16.9 8.5 30.3 15.9
.2034 2.3 7.5jl0.8 14.1 15.5 28.2 14.6
3.5
....
6.1 *‘ .’ 9
/1912
\1913
419
480
57.7
57.2
.1906 1.9 6.915.5 22.4 14.3 24.8 10.3
.1955 1.0 7.913.5 22.1 11.0 28.7 10.6
3.6
4.8
41 establishments...
(1907
1908
11909
11910
1,056
786
968
992
57.1
57.2
57.0
57.0
.1957
.2003
.1933
.1984
9.5 111. 9 17.0 13.5
5.6 12.5 17.7 11.7
8.4 13.8 16.4 11.9
6.6 10.9 16.1 13.4
29.5
31.7
29.1
28.6
11.7
13.5
12.0
12.2
4.6
4.8
4.6
7.0
102 establishments..
fl910
\1911
2,598
2,724
58.3
57.7
.1901 4.0 6.6 12.9 18.6 18.4 28.2
. 1936 3.4 5.8 11.7 18.9 16.9 30.7
8.2
8.4
3.1
4.1 ‘ \’ i
150 establishments..
ri9ii
\1912
3,614
3,521
58.4
57.8
.1880 3.8 5.7 15.7 20.6 16.1 29.4
.1932 3.5 4.9 12.7 19.3 15.0 33.2
6.3
8.4
2.4 (2) . . . .
3.0
f1912
\1913
4,703
4,707
58.1 .1938 3.0 4.7 13.7 19.6 14.5 32.3 9.2
57.0 | .2041 1.6 3.4 9.8 16.6 13.9 36.7 14.1
3.1
....
3.8 ” ’ i
40 establishments.. .
fl907
J1908
11909
1.1910
1,066
817
912
994
57.9 !
57.8 !
57.7 i
57.7
96 establishments...
/1910
\1911
2,508
2,467
58.5 .2102 1.6 6.0 9.6 13.6 7.9 35.7 18.1
58.0 1 .2142 1.1 5.1 9.7 13.7 7.7 34.0 20.3
7.1
7.6
.6
.6
167 establishments..
/1911
\1912
4,196
4,148
58.7
58.3
.2089 1.1 5.2 10.7 15.3 7.9 34.9 19.0
.2151 .6 4.7 9.3 14.4 8.5 33.7 21.2
5.6
7.2
.4 (2)
.6 (2)
.5 4.3 11.3 16.3 8.0 33.2 19.4
.5 2.9 10.0 14.3 7.4 I 33.9 22.3
6.4
8.4
145 establishments..
Carvers, hand:
20 establishments...
Finishers:
200 establishments..
Machine hands:
.2147
.2160
.2173
.2231
1.8
3.4
2.1
1.4
4.2
*4.8
5.9
5.0
1.3 1.3 1.9:
.9 1.8 1.8;
1.4 L4j!
2.2
.7 1.3
.7
.7
.3
9.1 15.1
8.4 12.7
8.2 12.1
8.4 10.2
36.9!
33.6!
37.51
33.5
9.0
8.8
9.4
8.1
21.3
29.2
21.7
18.4
8.0 1.8
9.9 1.1 (*)'
48.4 12.3
38.9 11.5
43.5 18.1
50.0 14.7
4.5
7.1
4.3
6.6
.7 12.7 13.7 55.6 5.2 7.1
.4 9.7 22.0 56.3 5.4 5.4
.3
8.6
8.4
8.4
7.5
9.8 23.0 56.4 4.7 5.1
8.3 16.6 65.6 6.6 2.6
33.4
33.3
33.9
32.7
.2 . . . .
.2
E
18.3 8.3 .9
18.0 9.8 1.1
17.8 10.5 1.0
21.7 11.8 1.3
.2
.4 (2)
.4 (2)
1 This section of the table includes only those employees whose rates of wages per hour could be classi
fied in the section of this table appearing on pages 121-123. See also explanation on page 113.
2 Less than one-tenth of 1 per cent.
225 establishments..
/1912
\1913
6,208
6,694
58.51 .2111
57.6 .2181
2.3
2.5
3.7
5.2
7.7;
5.4
7.3
6.3
WAGES AND HOURS OF LABOB, 1901 TO 1913—-F U B N IT U B E .
125
T able I ___ AVERAGE AND CLASSIFIED RATES OF WAGES PER HOUR IN
THE UNITED STATES, BY YEARS, 1907 TO 1913—Concluded.
PER CENT—Concluded.
Num
of
Occupation, and number of Year. ber
em
of establishments.
ploy
ees.
Upholsterers:
Aver
age
full
time
hours
per
week.
Employees earning each classified rate of wages
per hour.
Aver
age
rate of 8 12 14
wages and and and
per un un un
hour. der der der
12 14 16
cts. cts. cts.
16 18
and and
un un
der der
18 20
cts. cts.
20
and
un
der
25
cts.
25
and
un
der
30
cts.
30
and
un
der
40
cts.
40
and
un
der
50
cts.
50
and
un
der
70
cts.
31.8
27.7
31.6
26.5
35.4 5.4
41.7 7.0
41.9 5.9
38.7 13.6
5.1
2.6
2.6
2.5
fl907
1908
15 establishments............. ‘ 1909
(1910
336
271
272
279
53.0 $0.3082 . . . . . . . . 0.9 2.4 2.1 17.0
4.1 2.6 1.8 12.5
53.0 .3029
53.2 . 2996
.4 2.6 5.11 9.9
53.4 .3172 —
.4 1.4 2.9 14.0
32 establishments.............. /1910
\1911
433
454
55.0
54.5
.2989 0.5 1.6 1.4 1.8 3.5 15.0 28.4 37.2 9.0 1.6
.3157 ---.6 1.3 1.5 1.8 11.2 28.9 38.8 13.7 2.2
/1911
35 establishments.............. \1912
384
394
55.6
54.7
.3054 ___ 1.3 1.6 1.0 2.3 12.8 28.6 41.4 8.3 2.6
.3164 ---.5 .5 2.3 2.3 12.9 25.6 38.8 15.0 2.0
/1912
37 establishments.............. \1913
Veneerers:
44 establishments.............. /1910
\1911
300
331
56.1
55.4
.2886 .3
.2955 ----
289
267
58.7
58.2
.1973
.2002
.7 6.2 9.0 19.0 12.1 42.9 6.9
5.6 9.0 19.5 11.6 40.1 11.2
3.1 . . . .
3.0 ---- -----
79 establishments.............. /1911
\1912
369
343
58.5
58.0
.2066 ___ 3.5 8.1 16.5 10.6 42.8 15.2
.2181 ---- ---- 4.4 14.0 9.3 48.1 19.0
3.3 . . . . . . . .
5.2 ---- -----
122 establishments............. /1912
\1913
551
685
58.3
57.2
.2123 ___ ___ 10.2 14.2 10.2 43.7 16.5
-2182
.3 9.3 13.1 10.2 39.1 21.8
5.1
6.0
.3 1.0 4.3 4.7 17.0 27.3 37.3 7.7 . . . .
.3 2.1 3.9 3.6 17.8 23.6 37.2 11.5 -----
.2 . . . .
.1 . . . .
126
BU LLETIN OP TH E BUREAU OP LABOR STATISTICS.
T able
I I . —AVERAGE AND CLASSIFIED RATES OF WAGES PER HOUR IN
EACH YEAR, BY STATES, 1912 AND 1913.
CABINETMAKERS.
Year and State.
1912.
Illinois:
Establishments showing
complete data...............
All establishments re
ported.......................... .
Num Num
ber of ber
of
estab em
lish
ments. ploy-
125
21
Indiana:
Establishments showing
complete data...............
All establishments re
ported.......................... .
Maryland:'
Establishments showing
complete data...............
All establishments re
ported .......................... .
Number of employees earning each classified
rate of wages per hour.
Aver Aver
age
age
full rate
12 14 16 18 20
25 30 40 50
of and and
time
and and and and and and and and
hours
un un un un un un un un un
per un
per
der der der der der der der der der
week. hour. der
12 14 16 18 20 25
30 40 50 70
cts. cts. cts. cts. cts. cts. cts. cts. cts. cts.
56.0 $0.2689
58.4
.2654
196
59.1
.2108
350
59.0
.2181
50
58.3
.1785
61
58.6
.1860
35
27
12
18
37
41
26
10
14
152
49.9
.3124
28
25
475
57.8
.2423
235
193
Missouri:
Establishments showing
complete data...............
All establishments re
ported ...........................
38
60.0
.2241
60.0
.2264
New York:
Establishments showing
complete data.............. .
All establishments re
ported .......................... .
355
57.2
.2356
162
107
479
57.3
.2348
North Carolina......................
114
Ohio:
Establishments showing
complete data..............
All establishments re
ported..........................
165
59.1
.2194
235
59.3
.2222
Massachusetts.........................
Michigan................................ .
16
.1482
48
29
11
12
42
75
.1907
13
16
37
50
Pennsylvania:
Establishments showing
complete data...............
All establishments re
ported..........................
300
58.7
.2002
327
58.
.2019
Tennessee...............................
74
Wisconsin:
Establishments showing
complete data...............
All establishments re
ported .......................... .
204
.1890
221
59.7
.1931
145 2,248
57.8
.2244
199 2,939
58.1
.2284
154
56.3
.2587
384
58.2
Total establishments
showing
complete
data............................
Total establishments
reported....................
1913.
Illinois:
Establishments showing
complete data...............
All establishments re
ported.......................... .
21
•9.7
26
28
59 177
28
33
22
42
32
111
27
33
31
55
287 167
847
10
58
20
489 179
39
38
40
WAGES AND HOURS OF LABOR, 1907 TO 1913-----FURNITURE.
Table
127
I I . —AVERAGE AND CLASSIFIED RATES OF WAGES PER HOUR IN
EACH Y EA R, B Y STATES, 1912 AND 1913—Continued.
CABINETMAKERS—Concluded.
Year and State.
Number of employees earning each classified
rate of wages per hour.
AverAver
Num Num
age
ber
ber of of
full &
25
40 50
12 14 16 18 20
estab em
time
of
and and and and and and and and and
lish
hours wages and
un un un un un un un un un
ments. ploy- per
per un
der der der der der der der der der
week. hour. der
12 14 16 18 20 25
30 40 50 70
cts. cts. cts. cts. cts. cts. cts. cts. cts. cts.
1913—Concluded.
Indiana:
Establishments showing
complete data...............
All establishments re
ported.......................... .
203
59.0 $0.2157
360
58.3
.2305
Maryland:
Establishments showing
complete data...............
All establishments re
ported.......................... .
52
57.0
.1939
64
56.6
.2028
146
50.4
.3054
485
54.2
.2568
.2174
Massachusetts..
Michigan................................ .
16
45
12
28
46
60.0
85
60.0
New York:
Establishments showing
complete data...............
All establishments re
ported............................
404
55.8
.2433
566
56.2
.2395
North Carolina..
167
59.9
.1484
53
Ohio:
Establishments showing
complete data...............
All establishments re
ported ...........................
181
59.1
.2265
11
244
59.0
.2314
308
58.3
.2199
347
58.3
.2195
87
59.8
.1859
22
234
59.8
.1911
46
249
59.8
.1932
145 2,467
56.9
.2293
199 3,184
57.2
.2339
Tennessee..
Wisconsin:
Establishments showing
complete data...............
All establishments re
ported ............................
Total establishments
showing
complete
data............................
Total establishments
reported.....................
85
33
12
15
20
Missouri:
Establishments showing
complete data...............
All establishments re
ported ...........................
Pennsylvania:
Establishments showing
complete data...............
All establishments re
ported ............................
19
36
18
171
10
144
161
78
49
32
111
41
292 182
814
10
23
57
38
30
14
39
72 205
75
624 2451 26
CARVERS, HAND.
1912.
Illinois:
Establishments showing
(Complete data............
All establishments re
ported.......................... .
Indiana:
Establishments showing
complete data...............
All establishments re
ported........... ............
55.3 $0.3280
57.0
3116
58.0
.2865
58.7
.2843
38
128
BULLETIN OF TH E BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS.
T able
I I . —AVERAGE AND CLASSIFIED RATES OF WAGES PER HOUR IN
EACH YEAR, B Y STATES, 1912 AND 1913—Continued.
CARVERS, HAND—Concluded.
Year and State.
Num Num
ber of ber
of
estab em
lish
ployments.
Aver
age
full
time
hours
per
week.
Aver
age
rate
of
wages
per
hour.
Number of employees earning each classified
rate of wages per hour.
12 14
and and and
un un un
der der der
12 14 16
cts. cts. cts.
16
and
un
der
18
cts.
18
and
un
der
20
cts.
20
25 30
50
and and and and and
un un un un un
der der der der der
25 30 40 50 70
cts. cts. cts.
cts.
1912—Concluded.
Massachusetts..
28
Michigan..........
104
45.1 $0.4581
58.0
.3128
New York:
Establishments showing
complete data...............
All establishments re
ported...........................
56.1
.2927
56.4
.2911
Ohio........................................
59.4
.2452
Pennsylvania:
Establishments showing
complete data...............
All establishments re
ported...........................
57.5
.2845
56.9
.2815
Wisconsin..
58.9
.2879
Other States.
59.5
.2185
Total establishments
sh o w in g complete
data............................
Total establishments
reported.....................
1913.
Illinois:
Establishments showing
complete data...............
All establishments re
ported...........................
Indiana:
Establishments showing
complete data...............
All establishments re
ported...........................
82
55.9
.3190
350
56.3
.3133
59
55.4
.3231
83
56.7
.3123
8
56.7
.2977
11
57.6
.3034
25
45.2
.4308
Michigan.................................
108
54.0
.3343
New York:
Establishments showing
complete data...............
All establishments re
ported..........................
64
55.8
.3058
82
56.2
.2997
Ohio.......................................
7
59.4
.2569
18
57.3
.2772
56.8
58.9
.2796
.2894
9.5
.2292
Massachusetts.
Pennsylvania:
Establishments showing
complete data..............
All establishments re
ported..........................
Wisconsin..............................
Other States.
Total establishments
show ing complete
data............................
Total establishments
reported......................
302
54.5
.3256
355
55.1
.3195
15
20
32
1 ....
13
1
29
2
1
68 167
14
42
10
16
36
10
25
50 198
20
15
129
WAGES AND HOURS OF LABOR, 1907 TO 1913---- FURNITURE.
T a b le
I I . —AVERAGE AND CLASSIFIED RATES OF WAGES PER HOUR IN
EACH YEAR' B Y STATES, 1912 AND 1913—Continued.
CHAIR ASSEMBLERS.
Year and State.
Num
ber of
estab
lish
ments.
Num Aver
age
ber full
of time
em
ploy hours
per
ees. week.
Aver
age
rate
of
wages
per
hour.
Number of employees earning each classified
rate of wages per hour.
8 12 14
and and and
un un un
der der der
12 14 16
cts. cts. cts.
16
and
un
der
18
cts.
18
and
un
der
20
cts.
20
and
un
der
25
cts.
6
11
38
22
49
7
4
25
and
un
der
30
cts.
30 40 50
and and and
un un un
der der der
40 50 70
cts. cts. cts.
1913.
Massachusetts.......... ........
4
138
57.1 $0.1911
Michigan..................................
4
127
57.1
.2150
6
25
24
39
26
7
New York...............................
3
63
58.0
.1879
1
2
22
17
1
7
9
4
North Carolina........................
3
28
59.2
.1356
6
14
2
4
2
Ohio:
Establishments showing
complete data...............
All establishments re
ported...........................
2
10
59.7
.1375
1
4
5
3
20
59.9
.1631
Wisconsin................................
3
52
59.3
.1709
3
19
10
11
Other States:
Establishments showing
complete data...............
All establishments re
ported ............................
1
1
54.0
.2685
3
25
57.6
.2330
20
419
57.7
.1906
23
453
57.8
.1927
Total establishments
sh ow in g complete
data............. ..............
Total establishments
reported.....................
1
9
1
8
29
65
94
60
104
43
15
5
18
38
12
72
6
3
2
14
22
39
34
14
13
17
24
7
8
9
6
7
5
19
1
1
1913.
Massachusetts.........................
4
161
57.1
.1906
Michigan.................................
4
126
55.2
.2323
New York...............................
3
84
58.3
.1886
North Carolina........................
3
36
57.3
.1406
3
15
U
Ohio:
Establishments showing
complete data...............
All establishments re
ported ............................
2
10
59.6
.1315
2
5
3
3
19
59.8
.1659
Wisconsin................................
3
62
59.5
.1839
Other States:
Establishments showing
complete data...............
All establishments re
ported............................
1
1
54.0
.2778
3
31
57.7
.2452
Total establishments
sh o w in g complete
data............................
Total establishments
reported.....................
20
480
57.2
.1955
23
519
57.3
.1985
14
23
1
5
38
65
106
53
138
51
23
1
1
24
41
60
171
134
29
FINISHERS.
1912.
Illinois:
Establishments showing
complete data...............
AU establishments re
ported............................
16
461
23
672 58.5j .2316
45410°—Bull. 153—14------9
57.8 $0.2256
1
1
130
T
BULLETIN OF TH E BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS.
able
I I . —AVERAGE AND CLASSIFIED RATES OF WAGES PER HOUR IN
EACH YEAR, BY STATES, 1912 AND 1913—Continued.
FINISHERS—Continued.
Year and State.
Num
ber of
estab
lish
ments.
Num
ber
of
employ-
Number of employees earning each classified
rate of wages per hour.
Aver- Aver
age
age
full rate
12 14 16 18 20
25 30 40 50
time
of and and and and and
and and and and and
hours
un un- un un un un un un un
per un
per
der ier der der der der der der der
week. hour. der
12 14 16 18 20 25
30 40 50
0
cts. cts. cts. cts. cts. cts. cts. cts. cts. cts.
1912—Concluded.
Indiana:
Establishments showing
complete data...............
All establishments re
ported............................
410
58.7 $0.1998
502
58.8
.2003
Maryland.........
139 58.8
.1669
Massachusetts.
223
54.0
.2314
Michigan..........
1,064
57.8
.1963
47
73
10
124
54
27
26
24
58
221
500
18
20
38
18
54
130
81
277
110
10
25
49
Missouri:
Establishments showing
complete data...............
All establishments re
ported............................
96
60.0
.1929
126
60.0
.1939
New York:
Establishments showing
complete data...............
All establishments re
ported............................
718
56.8
.2140
864
56.8
.2152
North Carolina........................
244
59.4
.1275 108
62
48
Ohio:
Establishments showing
complete data...............
All establishments re
ported.......................... .
292
59.3
.1821
21
48
65
55
87
12
358
59.5
.1857
Pennsylvania:
Establishments showing
complete data...............
All establishments re
ported.......................... .
545
58.6
.1810
31 141
137
71
131
30
571
58.6
.1834
14
26
13
31
95
80
59.4
.1489
Wisconsin:
Establishments showing
complete data...............
All establishments re
ported.......................... .
431
59.6
.1735
447
59.6
.1768
Total establishments
showing
complete
data............................
Total establishments
' reported.....................
200 4,703
58.1
.1938 142 219 644
5,290
58.2
.1973
492
57.6
.2328
702
58.3
.2366
1913.
Illinois:
Establishments showing
complete data...............
All establishments re
ported.......................... .
Indiana:
Establishments showing
complete data...............
All establishments re
ported.......................... .
Maryland.........
Massachusetts.
12
436
57.8
.2067
535
57.8
.2091
129
57.1
.1826
190 54.5
.2330
17
46
10
143
65
90
920 683 1,517
47
77
45
431 147
185
140
140
60
64
40
49
32
30
WAGES AND HOURS OF LABOR, 1907 TO 1913— FURNITURE.
T able
131
I I . —AVERAGE AND CLASSIFIED RATES OF WAGES PER HOUR IN
EACH YEAR, BY STATES, 1912 AND 1913—Continued.
FINISHERS—Concluded.
Year and State.
Num
ber of
estab
lish
ments.
Num Average*
ber fuliof time
em- hours
ploy- per
week.
Aver
age
rate
of
.wages
per
hour.
Number of employees earning each classified
rate of wages per hour.
12
and and
un un
der der
12 14
cts. cts.
14
and
un
der
16
ets.
16
and
un
der
18
cts.
18
and
un
der
20
cts.
20
and
un
der
25
cts.
25
and
un
der
30
cts.
30 40
and and
un un
der der
40 50
cts. cts,
1913—Concluded.
Michigan...........................
Missouri:
Establishments showing
complete data...............
All establishments re
ported............................
20
54.2 $0.2143
54 174
7
103
60.0
.2000
9
133
60.0
.2005
New York:
Establishments showing
complete data...............
All establishments re
ported.......................... .
36
784
55.6
.2241
44
55.8
.2263
North Carolina..
12
59.0
.1341
80 54
32
Ohio:
Establishments showing
complete data...............
All establishments re
ported...........................
25
59.2
.1919
14
68
59.1
.1954
Pennsylvania:
Establishments showing
complete data...............
All establishments re
ported............................
25
579
58.2
.1896
26
610
58.2
.1922
6
91
59.6
.1564
Wisconsin:
Establishments showing
complete data...............
All establishments re
ported............................
Total establishments
showing
complete
data............................
Total establishments
reported.....................
314
27
14
418 59.6
.1816
16
437
59.5
.1844
200 4,707
57.0
.2041
228 5,287
57.2
.2073
11
37
10 108
29
20
18
130
44
12
106 115
202
105
27
159
186
46
19
15
146
73 162 461
15
562
58
75
58
120
783 654 1,726
665 177
MACHINE HANDS.
1912.
1
28
19
216
222
4
48
144
77
365
107
13
39
53
9
58
113
32
121
43
Illinois.....................................
21
584
Indiana....................................
25
780
58.8
.2097
1
Maryland.................................
8
175
59.1
.1843
1
Massachusetts..........................
12
434
56.5
.2136 ....
9
Michigan..................................
20
749
57.4
.2472
2
27
48
Missouri...................................
9
206
59.6
.2155
10
37
26
87
37
New York:
Establishments showing
complete data............ .
All establishments re
ported............................
42
950
57.2
.2210 . ...
10
66
132
98
345
255
43
954
57.2
.2211
North Carolina........................
13
329
59.5
.1496
26 113
93
47
19
59.0 $0.2506
17
273
6
1
50
and
un
der
70
cts.
132
BU LLETIN OF TH E BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS.
T a b le
II* — AVERAGE AND CLASSIFIED RATES OF WAGES PER HOUR IN
EACH YEAR, B Y STATES, 1912 AND 1913—Continued.
MACHINE HANDS—Concluded.
Num
ber of
estab
lish
ments.
Year and State.
Num Aver
age
ber full
of time
em
ploy hours
per
ees. week.
Aver
age
rate
of
wages
per
hour.
Number of employees earning each classified
rate of wages per hour.
8 12
and and
un un
der der
1? 14
cts. cts.
14
and
un
der
16
cts.
16
and
un
der
18
cts.
18
and
un
der
20
cts.
20
and
un
der
25
cts.
25
and
un
der
30
cts.
30
and
un
der
40
cts.
40 50
and and
un un
der der
50 70
cts. cts.
1912—Concluded.
Ohio.........................................
26
481
59.6 $0.1977
31
65
75
28
196
78
8
PennsyIvanfa............ . T. r___
28
685
58.7
.2082
1
14
83
144
71
215
109
46
6
152
59.6
.1868
1
16
38
32
7
34
17
7
15
683
59.4
.1758
1
60 200
181
61
136
39
5
T e n n e s s e e . TT....... .
Wisconsin.. .
___
Total establishments
showing
complete
data............................
Total establishments
reported.....................
225 6,208
58.5
.2111
226 6,212
58.5
.2111
31 270 703 1,013 495 2,064 1,203 400
2
26
3
1913.
Illinois.....................................
21
684
58.7
.2556
Indiana....................................
25
804
57.7
.2112
11
24
17
223
267 137
61
114
65
410
120
10
49
54
9
53
20
8
1
7
43
83
39
147
57
49
11
376 191
6
4
Maryland................................
8
206
58.1
.1920
Massachusetts.........................
12
436
56.3
.2199
Michigan.................................
20
879
54.3
.2617
3
21
35
246
Missouri..................................
9
214
59.6
.2142
13
36
24
95
39
7
42 1,060
56.4
.2271
126 117
379
311
70
43 1,066
56.4
.2273
New York:
Establishments showing
complete data...............
All establishments re
ported............................
2
4
95
67
14
34
6
23
62
69
25
221
90
12
.2144
2
70
135
71
251
142
50
10
North Carolina........................
13
379
59.3
.1499
Ohio.........................................
26
503
59.3
.2051
Pennsylvania..........................
28
721
58.1
32 131
50
1
Tennessee................................
6
117
59.7
.1931
15
28
3
42
16
3
Wisconsin...............................
15
691
59.4
.1824
6 195
198
75
166
47
4
225 6,694
57.6
.2181
35 197 667
226 6,700
57.6
.2181
Total establishments
showing
complete
data............................
Total establishments
reported.....................
5
30
955 494 2,267 1,491 561
3
26
UPHOLSTERERS.
1912.
Illinois:
Establishments showing
complete data...............
All establishments re
ported.......................... .
215
55.1
.3083
Indiana.................................. .
37
56.9
.2736
Massachusetts:
Establishments showing
complete data...............
All establishments re
ported.......................... .
18
50.0
.3961
19
50.5
.3874
78
53.6 $0.3240
10
16
1
41
11.
1
WAGES AND HOURS OF LABOR, 1907 TO 1913— FURNITURE.
T able
133
I I . —AVERAGE AND CLASSIFIED RATES OF WAGES PER HOUR IN
EACH YEAR, BY STATES, 1912 AND 1913—Continued.
UPHOLSTERERS—Continued.
Num
ber of
estab
lish
ments.
Year and State.
Num
ber
of
employ-
Average
full
time
hours
per
week.
Aver
age
rate
of
wages
per
hour.
Number of employees earning each classified
rate of wages per hour.
and
un
der
12
cts.
12 14
and and
un un
der der
14 16
cts. cts.
16
and
un
der
18
cts.
T8
and
un
der
20
cts.
20
and
un
der
25
cts.
25
and
un
der
30
cts.
30
and
un
der
40
cts.
13
13
10
18
11
14
40
and
un
der
50
1912—Concluded.
Michigan:
Establishments showing
complete data...............
All establishments re
ported............................
35
58.5 $0.2743
41
57.8
.3001
New York:
Establishments showing
complete data...............
All establishments re
ported............................
34
54.7
.3031
108
57.0
.2980
Ohio.........................................
30
58.5
.2564
Pennsylvania:
Establishments showing
complete data...............
All establishments re
ported............................
34
57.2
.2774
41
57.3
.2740
Wisconsin...............................
75
57.9
.2503
Other States:
Establishments showing
complete data...............
All establishments re
ported...........................
26
59.5
.2334
17
59.2
.2261
Total establishments
showing
complete
data............................
Total establishments
reported.....................
300
56.1
583
56.4
1913.
Illinois:
Establishments showing
complete data...............
All establishments re
ported ...........................
Indiana.
Massachusetts:
Establishments showing
complete data...............
All establishments re
ported...........................
Michigan:
Establishments showing
complete data...............
All establishments re
ported.......................... .
13
74
53.5
.3332
212
54.2
.3113
35
57.4
.2743
25
50.0
26
50.3
.3946
6
44
54.5
.2941
54.4
.3160
New York:
Establishments showing
complete data...............
All establishments re
ported...........................
5
42
55.0
.3093
10
136
56.8
.3033
Ohio........................................
4
32
58.4
Pennsylvania:
Establishments showing
complete data...............
All establishments re
ported...........................
4
28
57.1
5
34
57.2
16
51
82 112
23
16
17
4
5
7
14
19
i Including 1 establishment in a State shown above.
15
23
20
50
and
un
der
70
cts.
134
BU LLETIN OF TH E BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS.
T a b le
I I . —AVERAGE AND CLASSIFIED RATES OF WAGES PER HOUR IN
EACH YEAR, B Y STATES, 1912 AND 1913—Continued.
UPHOLSTERERS—Concluded.
Num
ber of
estab
lish
ments.
Year and State.
Num Aver
age
ber full
of time
em
ploy hours
per
ees. week.
Aver
age
rate
of
wages
per
hour.
Number of employees earning each classified
rate of wages per hour.
8 12
and and
un un
der der
12 14
cts. cts.
14
and
un
der
16
cts.
16
and
un
der
18
cts.
18
and
un
der
20
cts.
20
and
un
der
25
cts.
25
and
un
der
30
cts.
30 40 50
and and and
un un un
der der der
40 50 70
cts. cts. cts.
1913—Concluded.
W isconsin................................
8
83
Other States:
Establishments showing
complete data...............
All establishments re
ported............................
58.0 10.2511
14
35
57.5
.2366
3
25
56.6
.2237
Total establishments
showing
complete
data............................
Total establishments
reported.....................
37
331
55.4
.2955
54
635
55.8
.2961
4
7
4
24
21
22
1
2
2
3
11
13
3
1
7
13
12
59
78 123
1
38
VENEERERS.
1913.
Illinois.....................................
17
69
59.5 $0.2279
2
1
7
38
15
6
Indiana...................................
14
45
59.1
.2102
5
4
5
19
10
2
Massachusetts.........................
3
6
51.4
.2800
2
1
3
Michigan.................................
15
158
57.1
.2259
13
97
31
7
Missouri.................................
3
7
60.0
.2190
2
3
2
New York...............................
25
72
56.6
.2202
2
8
15
26
20
1
Ohio........................................
13
54
59.5
.2040
5
10
6
26
6
1
6
10
Pennsylvania..........................
17
62
59.1
.2054
3
22
6
21
3
Tennessee................................
3
8
60.0
.1811
1
4
1
1
1
Wisconsin:
Establishments showing
complete data...............
All establishments re
ported ............................
11
69
59.6
.1672
38
14
6
8
2
12
81
59.3
.1751
Other States..........................
1
1
60.0
.3333
122
551
58.3
.2123
123
563
58.3
.2125
1913.
Illinois.....................................
17
103
59.4
.2342
Indiana...................................
14
60
58.4
.2117
...............
3
10
50.8
.2860
Michigan..................................
15
170
54.1
.2365
9
16
Missouri...................................
3
7
60.0
.2252
1
New York...............................
25
89
55.5
.2262
8
1
1
Total establishments
showing
complete
data............................
Total establishments
reported.....................
Massachusetts..
1
78
56
241
91
28
2
2
2
63
28
6
4
10
6
27
9
4
76
59
10
1
2
3
19
30
24
56
7
3
3
>Including 1 establishment in a State shown above.
1
5
.
135
WAGES AND HOURS OF LABOR, 1907 TO 1913— FURNITURE.
T a b le
I I . —AVERAGE AND CLASSIFIED RATES OF WAGES PER HOUR IN
EACH YEAR, BY STATES, 1912 AND 1913—Concluded.
VENEERERS—Concluded.
Year and State.
Num
ber of
estab
lish
ments.
Num
ber
of
em
ploy
ees.
Aver
age
full
time
hours
per
week.
Aver
age
rate
of
wages
per
hour.
Number of employees earning each classified
rate of wages per hour.
8
and
un
der
12
cts.
12
and
un
der
14
cts.
14
and
un
der
16
cts.
16
and
un
der
18
and
un
der
is 20
cts. cts.
20
and
un
der
25
cts.
25
and
un
der
30
cts.
30 40
and and
un un
der der
40 50
cts. cts.
50
and
un
der
70
cts.
1913—Concluded.
Ohio.........................................
13
56
58.8 $0.2170
Pennsylvania..........................
17
91
58.4
.2025
Tennessee................................
3
14
60.0
.1850
Wisconsin:
Establishments showing
complete data...............
All establishments re
ported ............................
11
83
59.6
.1697
12
96
59.4
.1776
Other States...........................
1
2
55.0
.3091
Total establishments
showing
complete
data............................
Total establishments
reported.....................
122
685
57.2
.2182
698
57.2
.2184
123
2
2
7
8
26
11
2
U
25
U
29
9
6
2
4
1
3
2
40
24
6
8
4
1
1
2
64
90
70
268
1 ••••
149
41
1
136
T a b le
BULLETIN OF T H E BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS.
I I I ___ AVERAGE AND CLASSIFIED RATES OF WAGES PER HOUR IN
EACH STATE, B Y YEARS, 1912 AND 1913.
[The figures set opposite each bracketed group of years are for identical establishments.]
CABINETM AKERS.
State, and number of estab Year. berof
em
lishments.
ploy
ees.
Illinois:
8 establishments showing /1912
complete data................. \1913
Aver
age
full
time
hours
per
week.
Number of employees earning each classified
rate of wages per nour.
Aver
age
rate of 8 12 14 16 18 20
25 30 40 50
wages and and and and and and and and and and
per un un un un un un un un un un
hour. der der der der der der der der der der
12 14 16 18 20 25
30 40 50 70
cts. cts. cts. cts. cts. cts. cts. cts. cts. cts.
125
154
56.0 10.2689
56.3 .2587
/1912
21 establishments reported. \1913
Indiana:
12 establishments showing /1912
complete data................. \1913
368
384
58.4
58.2
.2654
.2680
196
203
59.1
59.0
.2108 .. . .
.2157
/1912
25 establishments reported. \1913
Maryland:
4 establishments showing /1912
complete data................. \1913
350
360
59.0
58.3
.2181
.2305
50
52
58.3
57.0
.1785
.1939
/1912
\1913
61
64
58.6
56.6
.1860
.2028
/1912
\1913
152
146
49.9
50.4
/1912
\1913
475
485
/1912
\1913
/1912
8 establishments reported.. \1913
New York:
30 establishments showing /1912
complete data................. \1913
5
5
5
10
35
58
37
39
41
38
2 .. . .
4
10
12
1—
2
1
6
8
44
45
27
19
80
85
26
33
3
12
11
18
12
2
6
14
15
1
8
.3124
.3054
1
1
12
6
28
28
25
36
53
56
33
18
57.8
54.2
.2423
.2568
5
3
13
20
235
171
193
222
29
68
1
38
46
60.0
60.0
.2241
.2174
1
7
6
8
6
5
13
9
6
10
6
7
83
85
60.0
60.0
.2264
.2298
355
404
57.2
55.8
.2356
.2433
7
10
26
23
28
30
162
144
107
161
22
33
/1912
\1913
479
566
57.3
56.2
.2348
.2395
/1912
\1913
114
167
59.6
59.9
.1482
.1484
28
53
48
57
29
38
5
5
1
8
/1912
\1913
165
181
59.1
59.1
.2194
.2265
9
11
11
5
12
14
4
7
80
78
42
49
7
17
/1912
\1913
235
244
59.3
59.0
.2222
.2314
/1912
\1913
300
308
58.7
58.3
.2002
.2199
5
1
42
39
75
75
32
32
111
111
27
41
7
9
/1912
\1913
327
347
58.8
58.3
.2019
.2195
(1912
\1913
74
87
59.7
59.8
.1907
.1859
5
5
13
22
16
15
2
3
33
35
5
7
/1912
\1913
204
234
59.8
59.8
.1890
.1911
7
1
37
46
50
53
31
39
55
72
20
18
(1912
13 establishments reported. \1913
221
249
59.7
59.8
.1931
.1932
5 establishments reported..
Massachusetts:
8 establishments................
Michigan:
16 establishments..............
Missouri:
3 establishments showing
complete data.................
40 establishments reported.
North Carolina:
11 establishments..............
Ohio:
17 establishments showing
complete data.................
23 establishments reported.
Pennsylvania:
19 establishments showing
complete data.................
23 establishments reported.
Tennessee:
6 establishments................
Wisconsin:
11 establishments showing
complete data.................
3
6
4
5
i
3
3
1 ---
137
WAGES AND HOURS OF LABOR, 1907 TO 1913— FURNITURE.
T
able
I I I ___ AVERAGE
AND CLASSIFIED RATES OF WAGES PER HOUR IN
EACH STATE, B Y YEARS, 1912 AND 1913—Continued.
CARVERS, HAND.
Aver
Num age
ber of full
State, and number of estab Year. em time
lishments.
ploy hours
ees. per
week.
Illinois:
9 establishments showing /1912
complete data................. \1913
Number of employees earning each classified
rate of wages per hour.
Aver
age
25 30 40 50
rate of 8 12 14 16 18 20
wages and and and and and and and and and and
per un un un un un un un un un un
hour. der der der der der der der der der der
12 14 16 18 20 25
30 40 50 70
cts. cts. cts. cts. cts. cts. cts. cts. cts. cts.
50
59
55.3 $0.3280
55.4 .3231
/1912
17 establishments reported. \1913
Indiana:
4 establishments showing /1912
complete data................. \1913
79
83
57.0
56.7
.3116
.3123
5
8
58.0
56.7
.2865
.2977
/1912
\1913
8
U
58.7
57.6
.2843
.3034
(1912
\1913
28
25
45.1
45.2
.4581
. 4308
/1912
\1913
104
108
58.0
54.0
.3128
.3343
/1912
\1913
66
64
56.1
55.8
.2927
.3058
/1912
\1913
82
82
56.4
56.2
.2911
.2997
/1912
\1913
7
7
59.4
59.4
.2452
.2569
/1912
\1913
24
18
57.5
57.3
.2845
.2772
/1912
\1913
30
26
56.9
56.8
.2815
.2796
/1912
\1913
11
11
58.9
58.9
.2879
.2894
Massachusetts:
5 establishments................
Michigan:
14 establishments..............
New York:
17 establishments showing
complete data.................
21 establishments reported.
Ohio:
4 establishments................
Pennsylvania:
9 establishments showing
complete data.................
11 establishments reported.
Wisconsin:
3 establishments................
2
5
1
5
2
/1912
\1913
138
161
57.1 $0.1911
57.1 .1906
/1912
\1913
127
126
57.1
55.2
.2150
.2323
/1912
\1913
63
84
58.0
58.3
.1879
.1886
/1912
\1913
28
36
59.2
57.3
.1356
.1406
/1912
\1913
10
10
59.7
59.6
.1375
.1315
/1912
3 establishments reported.. \1913
Wisconsin:
J1912
3 establishments.............. \1913
20
19
59.9
59.8
.1631
.1659
52
62
59.3
59.5
.1709
.1839
38
42
3
1
2
7
4
4
4
4
5
9
14 81
3 100
3
3
1
2
3
5
13
10
20
16
32
36
1
3
4
2
2
1
1
1
2
2
13
10
7
6
1
3
2
5
6
2
2
1
1
CHAIR ASSEMBLERS.
Massachusetts:
4 establishments................
Michigan:
4 establishments................
New York:
3 establishments................
North Carolina:
3 establishments.............. .
Ohio:
2 establishments showing
complete data...............
7
7
19
15
8
138
T a b le
BULLETIN OF TH E BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS.
I I I ___ AVERAGE AND CLASSIFIED RATES OF WAGES PER HOUR IN
EACH STATE, B Y YEARS, 1912 AND 1913—Continued.
FINISHERS.
State, and number of estab
lishments.
Aver- Aver
Num
age
ber of a t rate
of
Year. em time wages
ploy hours per
per
ees.
week. hour.
Illinois:
16 establishments showing /1912
complete data................. \1913
/1912
23 establishments reported. \1913
Indiana:
19 establishments showing /1912
complete data................. \1913
/1912
25 establishments reported. \1913
Maryland:
/1912
\1913
Massachusetts:
/1912
12 establishments.............. \1913
Michigan:
/1912
20 establishments.............. \1913
Missouri:
7 establishments showing /1912
complete data................. \1913
461
492
57.8 $0.2256
57.6 .2328
672
702
58.5
58.3
.2316
.2366
410
436
58.7
57.8
.1998
.2067
502
535
58.8
57.8
.2003
.2091
139
129
58.8
57.1
.1669
.1826
223
190
54.0
54.5
.2314
.2330
1.064
931
57.8
54.2
.1963
.2143
96
103
60.0
60.0
.1929
.2000
126
133
60.0
60.0
.1939
.2005
718
784
56.8
55.6
.2140
.2241
864
909
Number of employees earning each classified
rate of wages per hour.
8
and
un
der
12
cts.
14
and
un
der
16
cts.
16
and
un
der
18
cts.
18
and
un
der
20
cts.
1 24
1
9
41
47
60
61
171
185
134
140
29
49
17
26
12
and
un
der
14
cts.
1
1
10
20
and
un
der
25
cts.
25
and
un
der
30
cts.
30
and
un
der
40
cts.
6
11
73
75
88
77
47
45
124
140
54
60
10
4
43
32
27
24
19
23
26
43
4
2
1
9
25
5
24
33
21
16
58
64
37
40
49
30
221 246
54 174
500
562
35
130
5
7
15
38
44
8
12
1
1
130 81
106 115
277
259
110
202
46
58
62
6
40
and
un
der
50
cts.
2
2
4
18
11
2
18
6
54
37
56.8
55.8
.2152
.2263
244
240
59.4
59.0
. 1275 108
.1341 66
62
80
4$
54
15
32
6
5
5
3
292
314
59.3
59.2
.1821
.1919
2
21
14
48
38
65
68
55
58
87
105
12
27
2
4
358
380
59.5
59.1
.1857
.1954
545
579
58.6
58.2
.1810
.1896
1
1
31 141
10 108
137
159
71
65
131
186
30
46
3
3
1
/1912
26 establishments reported. \1913
Tennessee:
/1912
fi Mt/ihlkhniAnf'Q
\1913
Wisconsin:
14 establishments showing /1912
complete data................. \1913
571
610
58.6 .1834
58.2 *. 1922
/1912
16 establishments reported. \1913
/1912
9 establishments reported.. \1913
New York:
36 establishments showing /1912
complete data................. \1913
<1912
44 establishments reported. \1913
North Carolina:
/1912
\1913
Ohio:
25 establishments showing /1912
complete data................. \1913
/1912
27 establishments reported. \1913
Pennsylvania:
25 establishments showing /1912
complete data................. \1913
2
20
18
50
and
un
der
70
cts.
1
80
91
59.4
59.6
.1489
. 1564
14
4
26
29
13
20
9
19
5
2
10
15
3
2
431
418
59.6
59.6
.1735
.1816
3
31
7
95
66
143
146
65
75
90
120
4
4
447
437
59.6
59.5
.1768
.1844
1
11
28
24
19
17
216
223
222 94
267 137
4
5
48; 144
61 114
77
65
365
410
107
120
1
MACHINE HANDS.
Illinois:
21 establishments..............
Indiana:
25 establishments..............
/1912
\1913
584
684
59.0 $0.2506
58.7 .2556
/1912
\1913
780
804
58.8
57.7
.2097
.2112
1
4
4
31
30
2
WAGES AND HOURS OF LABOR, 190*7 TO 1913— FURNITURE.
T able
139
I I I . —AVERAGE AND CLASSIFIED RATES OF WAGES PER HOUR IN
EACH STATE, BY YEARS, 1912 AND 1913—Continued.
MACHINE HANDS—Concluded.
State, and number of estab
lishments.
Maryland:
8 establishments..............
Massachusetts:
12 establishments.............
Michigan:
*
20 establishments.............
Missouri:
9 establishments.............. .
New York:
42 establishments showing
complete data............... .
43 establishments reported.
North Carolina:
13 establishments.........
Ohio:
26 establishments.........
Pennsylvania:
28 establishments.........
Tennessee:
6 establishments...........
Wisconsin:
15 establishments.........
Number of employees earning each classified
rate of wages per hour.
Aver- Aver
Num
age
berof a t
25 30 40 50
Year. em time rate of 8 12 14 16 18 20
wages and and and and and and and and and
ploy* hours per un un un un un un un un un and
un
per hour. der der der
der der der der der der der
week.
12 14 16 18 20 25
30 40 50 70
cts. cts. cts. cts. cts. cts. cts. cts. cts. cts.
(1912
\1913
175
206
59.1 $0. 1843
58.1
1920
/1912
\1913
434
436
56.5
56.3
.2136
.2199 . . . .
/1912
\1913
749
879
57.4
54.3
/1912
\1913
206
214
/1912
\1913
13
10
39
49
53
54
9
9
39
53
17
20
4
8
1 ----
9
7
58
43
113
83
32
39
121
147
43
57
43
49
14
1
11 —
.2472
.2617
2
3
27
21
48
35
286
246
59.6
.2155
.2142
10
13
37
36
26
24
87
95
37
39
9
7
950
1,060
57.2
56.4
.2210
.2271 ----
132 98
126 117
345
379
255
311
42
70
1912
1913
954
1,066
57.2
56.4
.2211
.2273
/1912
\1913
329
379
59.5
59.3
.1496
.1499
/1912
\1913
481
503
59.6
59.3
.1977
.2051 ” ’ i
/1912
\1913
685
721
58.7
58.1
.2082
.2144
(1912
\1913
152
117
59.6
59.7
.1931
1912
1913
683
691
59.4
59.4
.1758
.1824
1
2
273 110
376 191
3 ....
6
10
4
66
50
26 113
32 131
93
95
47
67
19
14
24
34
6
6
1
31
23
65
62
75
69
28
25
196
221
78
90
8
12
1
14
2
83
70
144
135
71
71
215
251
1
16
10
38
15
32
28
7
3
34
42
17
16
7
3
1
60 200
6 195
181
198
61
75
136
166
39
47
5
4
1
1
10
7
16
16
41
39
10 . . . .
11
7
7
11 . . . .
17
109 46
142 50
2
3—
2
UPHOLSTERERS.
Illinois:
6 establishments showing /1912
complete data................. \1913
8 establishments reported.
Indiana:
4 establishments................
Massachusetts:
4 establishments showing
complete data.................
/1912
\1913
$0.3240i
215
212
/1912
\1913
/1912
\1913
1
(1912
5 establishments reported..
\1913
Michigan:
6 establishments showing /1912
complete data................. \1913
.3874
/1912
7 establishments reported. \1913
New York:
5 establishments showing /1912
complete data................. \1913
.3001
/1912
10
establishments reported
\1913
Ohio:
1912
4 establishments................ T
[1913
2
2
2
5
4
13
15
13
23
!. ...
1
1
5
7
10
7
18
20
1
6 ...!
.3031
108
136
.2564
140
BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS.
T a b l e I I I . — AVERAGE
AND CLASSIFIED RATES OF WAGES PER HOUR IN
EACH STATE, B Y YEARS, 1912 AND 1913—Concluded.
UPHOLSTERERS—Concluded.
State, and number of estab
lishments.
Aver
Num age
ber of full
Year. em time
ploy hours
ees. per
week.
Pennsylvania:
4 establishments showing /1912
complete data................. \1913
ri912
5 establishments reported.. \1913
Wisconsin:
8 establishments................ /1912
\1913
Number of employees earning each classified
rate of wages per hour.
Aver
age
rate of 8 12 14 16 18 20
25 30 40 50
wages and and and and and and and and and and
per un un un un un un un un un UIl'
hour. der der der der der der der der der der
12 14 16 18 20 25
30 40 50 70
cts. cts. cts. cts. cts. cts. cts. cts. cts. cts.
34
28
57.2 $0.2774
57.1 .2897
41
34
57.3
57.2
.2740
.2866
75
83
57.9
58.0
.2503
.2511
1
1
1
1
3
3
1
4
5
11
6
14
9
3
2
4
9
7
4
4
19
24
23
21
16
22
1
1
38
63
15
28
VENEERERS.
Illinois:
17 establishments...............
Indiana:
14 establishments..............
Massachusetts:
3 establishments................
Michigan:
15 establishments..............
Missouri:
3 establishments................
New York:
25 establishments..............
Ohio:
13 establishments..............
Pennsylvania:
17 establishments..............
Tennessee:
3 establishments................
Wisconsin:
11 establishments showing
complete data................
/1912
\1913
J1912
\1913
59.
.2102
.2117
/1912
\1913
51.'
50.:
.2800
/1912
\1913
158
170
/1912
\1913
.2259
.2365
72
19
27
13
9
97
76
31
59
26
30
20
24
26
26
6
11
.2202
.2262
/1912
\1913
.2040
.2170
1912
,1913
.2054
.2025
/1912
\1913
.1811
.1850
/1912
\1913
4
10
.2190
.2252
1912
[1913
/1912
12 establishments reported \1913
$0.2279
.2342
103
83
.1672
.1697
.1751
.1776
15
19
10
7
3
11
22
14
24
141
WAGES AND HOURS OF LABOR, 1907 TO 1913---- FURNITURE.
IV.—AVERAGE AND CLASSIFIED FULL-TIME HOURS OF WORK
PER WEEK IN THE UNITED STATES, BY YEARS, 1907 TO 1913.
T able
[The figures set opposite each bracketed group of years are for identical establishments.]
NUMBER.
Employees whose full-time hours per week wereNum Aver
age
ber full
Over
Over 57
51
Occupation, and number Year. of time
48
54
em hours Un
and
of establishments.
and
and and
48
un
54
un
ploy per der
60 Over
un
un
60
der
ees. week. 48
der der
der
54
60
51
57
Cabinetmakers:
50 establishments.
1907
1908
1809
1910
112 establishments.
1910 1,801
,1911 1,846
169 establishments;
199 establishments.
Carvers, hand:
58
30
25
43
53
42
75
42
27
11
5
7
156
99
121
154
102
45
85
140
77
130
138
155
58.0
57.7
43
45
74
68
7
30
161
114
209
302
271 1,019
882
381
17
24
/1911 2,455
\1912 2,427
58.3
58.1
45
26
80
72
19
36
108
106
296
481
478 1,405
331 1,352
24
23
/1912 2,939
\1913 3,184
58.1
57.2
26
14
125
127
36
58
106
801
537
272
489 1,597
588 1,304
23
20
54.2
127 54.5
151 53.0
148 52.7
22
14
31
25
26
20
21
31
2
2
1
2
49
33
48
48
4
4
3
4
26
32
30
22
40
22
17
16
890 56.7
632 57.1
771 56.9
56.7
417
275
322
321
25 establishments..
1907
1908
1909
1910
65 establishments.
(1910
\1911
315
345
56.1
55.5
25
38
31
34
2
5
52
45
27
45
61
62
116
115
1
1
76 establishments.
1911
,1912
367
334
56.2
56.3
38
25
5
6
5
29
64
40
45
64
69
38
140
131
1
1
(1912
\1913
350 56.3
355 55.1
25
22
6
5
30
19
40
180
65
10
55
64
129
55
(1910
\1911
165
141
57.7
58.0
85
64
40
31
40
46
(1911
\1912
227
237
58.3
57.8
5
5
71
81
41
41
110
99
(1912
\1913
453
519
57.8
57.3
22
20
11
1
73
91
76
201
293
127
57
52 establishments.
1907 1,217
1908 927
1909 1,127
1910 1,164
57.3
57.5
57.3
57.3
21
19
16
19
21
14
27
22
6
3
256
164
200
210
201
159
220
210
223
200
230
284
489
368
434
419
128 establishments.
1910 3,132
1.1911 3,206
58.5
58.0
19
17
45
51
23
214
224
442
662
584 1,787
718 1,473
41
38
192 establishments.
1911 4,407
1.1912 4,357
58.5
58.1
17
17
48
49
19
94
202
647
207 1,054
884 2,552
646 2,253
38
37
(1912 5,290
\1913 5,287
58.2
57.2
17
6
83
68
193 1,088 1,164 2,611
97
554 1,273 1,772
49 1,536
37
29
1,347
1,047
1,153
1,239
58.2
58.1
57.9
57.4
10
9
10
9
34
36
38
38
7
8
3
3
135
97
117
127
192
116
149
214
246
273
299
369
121 establishments
(1910 3,151
\1911 3,107
58.7
58.3
9
9
49
49
3
35
135
109
422
525
648 1,817
788 1,515
68
77
192 establishments.
(1911 4,855
\1912 4,797
58.8
58.4
9
7
67
49
19
63
107
155
634
987
995 2,947
761 2,694
77
81
226 establishments
(1912 6,212 58.5
11913 1,700 57.6
7
8
93
82
63
168 1,062 1,589 3,149
100 1,401
665 1,844 2,542
81
58
82 establishments..
Chair assemblers:
6 establishments..
15 establishments.
23 establishments..
Finishers:
228 establishments.
Machine hands:
51 establishments.,
1907
1908
1909
,1910
11
723
508
537
479
142
BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS.
I V . —AVERAGE AND CLASSIFIED FULL-TIME HOURS OF WORK
PER WEEK IN THE UNITED STATES, B Y YEARS, 1907 TO 1913—
Continued.
T able
NUMBER—Concluded.
Num
ber
Occupation, and number Year. of
em
of establishments.
ploy-
Upholsterers:
Employees whose full-time hours per week were—
Aver
age
Over 51
Over 57
full
54
time Un
48
and and
and and
Over
hours der
un
un
54
60
48
un
per
un
der
der
week. 48
der der
54
60
51
57
53.6
310 53.5
307 53.8
325 53.8
204
163
161
174
/1910
\1911
501
518
55.0
54.7
216
231
79
J1911
\1912
558
552
55.8
55.5
233
192
111
100
54 establishments.
Veneerers:
58 establishments.
J1912
\1913
583
635
56.4
55.8
184
279
/1910
\1911
333
317
58.8
58.4
1
1
94 establishments.
fl911
[1912
430
407
58.7
58.3
1
2
123 establishments
/1912
\1913
19 establishments.
1907
1908
1909
1910
38 establishments.
49 establishments..
87
97
71
182
183
155
58.3
57.2
11
218
186
140
11
16
49
225
210
16
9
94
111
274
9
13
PER CENT.
Cabinetmakers:
50 establishments.
1907
1908
1909
,1910
632
771
862
56.7
57.1
56.9
56.7
6.5
4.7
3.2
5.0
6.0
6.6
9.7
4.9
3.0
1.7
.6
17.5
15.7
15.7
17.9
11.5
7.1
11.0
16.2
8.7
20.6
17.9
18.0
46.9
43.5
41.8
37.2
115 establishments
fl910 1,801
[1911 1,846
58.0
57.7
2.4
2.4
4.1
3.7
.4
1.6
6.2
11.6
16.4
15.0
20.6
56.6
47.8
169 establishments
/1911 2.455
\1912 2,427
58.3
58.1
1.8
1.1
3.3
3.0
.8
1.5
4.4
4.4
12.1
19.8
19.5
13.6
57.2
55.7
1912 2,939
L1913 3.184
58.1
57.2
.9
.4
4.3
4.0
1.2
1.8
3.6
25.2
18.3
8.5
16.6
18.5
54.3
41.0
1907
199 establishments
Carvers, hand:
25 establishments.
1908
1909
1910
169
127
151
148
54.2
54.5
53.0
52.7
13.0
11.0
20.5
16.9
15.4
15.7
13.9
20.9
1.2
1.6
.7
1.4
29.0
26.0
31.8
32.4
2.4
3.1
2.0
2.7
15.4
25.2
19.9
14.9
23.7
17.3
11.3
10.8
65 establishments.
/1910
\1911
315
345
55.7
55.5
7.9
11.0
9.8
9.9
1.4
16.5
13.0
8.6
13.0
19.4
18.0
36.8
33.3
76 establishments.
/1911
\1912
367
334
56.2
56.3
10.4
7.5
1.4
1.8
1.4
8.7
17.4
12.0
12.3
19.2
18.8
11.4
38.1
39.2
T1912
[1913
350
355
56.3
55.1
7.1
6.2
1.7
1.4
8.6
5.4
11.4
50.7
18.6
2.8
15.7
18.0
36.9
15.5
/1910
\1911
165
141
57.7
58.0
51.5
45.4
24.2
22.0
24.2
32.6
15 establishments.
fl911
11912
227
237
58.3
57.8
2.2
2.1
4.6
31.3
34.2
18.1
17.3
48.5
41.8
23 establishments.
[1912
11913
453
519
57.8
57.3
4.9
3.9
2.4
20.1
14.6
44.4
56.5
28.0
11.0
82 establishments.
Chair assemblers:
6 establishments..
.2
14.1
WAGES AND HOURS OF LABOR, 1907 TO 1913-----FURNITURE.
143
I V . — AVERAGE AND CLASSIFIED FULL-TIME HOURS OF WORK
PER WEEK IN THE UNITED STATES, BY YEARS, 1907 TO 1913—
Concluded.
T able
PER CENT—Concluded.
Num
ber
Occupation, and number Year. of
emof establishments.
ploy-
Finishers:
52 establishments.
Employees whose full-time hours per week were—
Average
full
Over 57
Over 51
54
time
and and
hours Un
and and
un
54
der
48
un
60 Over
un- der
un der
per
60
week. 48
der
54
60
57
51
1907 1,217 57.3
1908 927 57.5
1909 1,127 57.3
1910 1,164 57.3
1.7
2.0
1.4
1.6
1.7
1.5
2.4
1.9
0.5
.3
21.0
17.7
17.7
18.0
16.5
17.2
19.5
18.0
18.3
21.6
20.4
24.4
40.2
39.7
38.5
36.0
128 establishments.
/1910 3.132
11911 3,206
58.5
58.0
.6
.5
1.4
1.6
.7
6.8
7.0
14.1
20.6
18.6
22.4
57.1
45.9
1.3
1.2
192 establishments.
/1911 4,407
\1912 4,357
58.5
58.1
.4
.4
1.1
1.1
.4
2.2
4.6
4.8
14.7
24.2
20.1
14.8
57.9
51.7
.9
.8
/1912 5,290
\1913 5,287
58.2
57.2
.1
1.6
1.3
1.8
.9
29.1
20.6
10.5
22.0
24.1
49.4
33.5
.7
.5
1,347
1,047
1,153
1,239
58.2
58.1
57.9
57.4
.7
.9
.9
.7
2.5
3.4
3.3
3.1
.5
.8
.3
.2
10.0
9.3
10.1
10.3
14.3
11.1
12.9
17.3
18.3
26.1
25.9
29.8
53.7
48.5
46.6
38.7
121 establishments
1910 3,151
l1911 3,107
58.7
58.3
.3
.3
1.6
1.6
.1
1.1
4.3
3.5
13.4
16.9
20.6
25.4
57.7
48.8
2.2
2.5
192 establishments.
/1911 4,855
\1912 4,797
58.8
58.4
.2
.1
1.4
1.0
.4
1.3
2.2
3.2
13.1
20.6
20.5
15.9
60.7
56.2
1.6
1.7
ri9i2 6,212
[1913 6,700
58.5
57.6
.1
.1
1.5
1.2
1.0
1.5
2.7
20.9
17.1
9.9
25.6
27.5
50.7
37.9
1907
1908
1909
1910
383 53.6
310 53.5
307 53.8
325 53.8
4.4
2.3
2.3
2.2
4.2
6.8
1.3
.6
12.8
11.9
16.9
16.0
5.0
6.1
5.9
4.3
53.3
52.6
52.4
53.5
4.7
5.2
5.2
8.6
7.3
11.9
12.7
10.2
8.4
3.2
3.3
4.6
1910
,1911
501 55.0
518 54.7
1.4
1.7
.4
.6
10.4
9.5
2.8
9.3
43.1
44.6
15.8
8.3
10.8
19.6
15.3
1.6
1.4
.5
5.3
2.9
2.7
3.6
4.3
41.8
34.8
12.2
15.8
17.6
17.6
19.9
18.1
3.1
3.9
4.1
31.6
43.9
15.1
11.2
31.2
28.8
14.9
9.3
.3
20.1
26.5
20.4
24.0
55.9
44.2
5.0
20.7
32.7
22.8
12.0
52.3
51.6
3.7
2.2
27.5
8.9
16.7
15.9
51.2
1.6
1.9
228 establishments.
Machine hands:
51 establishments.
226 establishments.
Upholsterers:
15 establishments.
38 establishments..
1907
1908
1909
1910
1
1
49 establishments.,
/1911
\1912
558
552
55.8
55.5
54 establishments.,
Veneerers:
58 establishments..
J1912
\1913
583
56.4
55.8
1910
l1911
333
317
58.8
58.4
94 establishments.
/1911
\1912
430
407
58.7
58.3
123 establishments.
/1912
\1913
563
58.3
57.2
.7
1.3
1.1
1.6
1.1
31.2
144
BULLETIN OF TH E BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS.
T a b le
V . —AVERAGE AND CLASSIFIED FULL-TIME HOURS OF WORK PER
WEEK IN EACH YEAR, BY STATES, 1912 AND 1913.
CABINETM AKERS.
Year and State.
Num
ber of
estab
lish
ments.
Num
ber of
employ-
Number of employees whose full-time hours per week
were—
Average
full
Over 51
Over
time
57
48
54
hours Un
and
and
48 and under
and under
per der
60 Over
54
60
under
under
48
54
60
51
57
1912.
Illinois................
Indiana..............
Maryland..........
Massachusetts..,
350
61
152
58.4
59.0
58.6
49.9
Michigan............
Missouri.............
New York.........
North Carolina..
475
83
479
114
57.8
60.0
57.3
59.6
Ohio...................
Pennsylvania...
Tennessee..........
Wisconsin..........
235
327
74
221
59.3
58.8
59.7
59.7
Total........
199 2,939
58.1
1913.
Illinois...............
Indiana..............
Maryland..........
Massachusetts..,
384
360
64
146
58.2
58.3
56.6
50.4
Michigan...........
Missouri.............
New York.........
North Carolina..
485
85
566
167
54.2
60.0
56.2
59.9
Ohio...................
Pennsylvania...
Tennessee..........
Wisconsin..........
244
347
87
249
59.0
58.3
59.8
59.8
Total........
3,184
57.2
61
12
26
49
112
4
5
246
176
36
209
8
186
"8 5 '
258
83
135
81
113
28
45
26
122
45
26
125
14
14
113
36
106
537
74
170
15
65
136
*4i*
58
85
73
152
154
130
83
208
1,304
801
CARVERS, HAND.
1912.
Illinois................
Indiana..............
Massachusetts..
Michigan...........
New York.........
17
6
5
14
21
79
8
28
104
82
57.0
58. 7
45.1
58.0
56.4
Ohio...................
Pennsylvania...
Wisconsin..........
Other States___
4
11
3
1
7
30
11
1
59.4
56.9
58.9
59.5
Total........
82
350
56.3
25
6
1913.
Illinois...............
Indiana..............
Massachusetts..
Michigan............
New York.........
17
6
5
14
21
83
11
25
108
82
56.7
57.6
45.2
54.0
56.2
22
1
Ohio...................
Pennsylvania...
Wisconsin..........
Other States___
4
11
3
1
7
26
11
2
59.4
56.8
58.9
59.5
Total........
82
355
55.1
5
25
1
31
30
4
3
1
15
5
1
1
29
22
20
’ i3 j.
411
127
23
226
171
22
290
14
186
150
70
176
489
12 |
23
19
3
3
1
6
24
40
4
4
41
10
5
13
4
6
7
1
3
6
4
40
65
55
129
4
3
1
37
5
38
57
15
108
29
34
4
5
10
4
9
7
2
3
2
4
180
10
64
55
20
145
WAGES AND HOURS OF LABOR, 1907 TO 1913-----FURNITURE.
V . —AVERAGE AND CLASSIFIED FULL-TIME HOURS OF WORK PER
WEEK IN EACH YEAR, BY STATES, 1912 AND 1913—Continued.
T a b le
CHAIR ASSEMBLERS.
Year and State.
Num
ber of
estab
lish
ments.
Num
ber of
em
ploy
ees.
Number of employees whose full-time hours per week
were—
Aver
age
full
Over 51
time
Over 57
hours Un
48
54
and
and under
per der
48
and and
54
60 Over
60
under under
week. 48
under 54
60
51
57
1913.
Massachusetts....................
Michigan............................
New York..........................
North Carolina.......... .......
4
4
3
3
Ohio....................................
Wisconsin..........................
Other States *.....................
3
3
3
20
52
25
59.9
59.3
57.6
Total.........................
23
453
57.8
22
1913.
Massachusetts....................
Michigan............................
New York..........................
North Carolina...................
4
4
3
3
161
126
84
36
57.1
55.2
58.3
57.3
20
Ohio....................................
Wisconsin..........................
Other States.......................
3
3
3
Total........................
23
138 57.1
127 57.1
63 58.0
28 59.2
22
94
it
1
01
61
11
65
22
36
8
15
17
29
201 I 127
—
141
11
20
73
73
25
4
20
30
15
42
76
293
57
58
40
152
189
9
87
400
218
90
16
483
6
394
129
92
575
126
191
152
20
83
10
78
287
1
57.3
44
13
3
23
24
1
19 59.8
62 59.5
31 57.7
519
91
11
FINISHERS.
1912.
Illinois................................
Indiana.......... ...................
Maryland...........................
Massachusetts.......... ..........
23
25
8
12
672
502
139
223
58.5
58.8
58.8
54.0
Michigan___, . . . r________
Missouri.............................
New York..........................
North Carolina...................
20 1,064
126
9
44
864
244
12
57.8
60.0
56.8
59.4
Ohio...................................
Pennsylvania....................
Tennessee...........................
Wisconsin.......................
27
26
6
16
358
571
80
447
59.5
58.6
59.4
59.6
228 5,290
58.2
Total.........................
1913.
Illinois................................
Indiana...............................
Maryland...........................
Massachusetts.....................
23
25
8
12
702
535
129
190
58.3
57.8
57.1
54.5
Michigan.............................
Missouri..............................
New York..........................
North Carolina...................
20
9
44
12
931
133
909
240
54.2
60.0
55.8
59.0
Ohio....................................
Pennsylvania.....................
Tennessee...........................
Wisconsin..........................
27
26
6
16
380
610
91
437
59.1
58.2
59.6
59.5
228 5,287
57.2
Total........................
45410°—Bull. 153—14------10
28
17
83
20
49
17
6
83
68
92
101
**i§5
193 1,088 1,164 2,611
37
19
154
23
30
138
40
29
765
166
564
17
175
133
13
99
373
193
46
36
18
183
88
133
113
134
29
119
8
132
311
**i39
68
2G0
201
70
312
97
13
6
37
49 1,536
219
180
83
298
554 1,273 1,772
29
146
BULLETIN OF TH E BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS.
V . —AVERAGE AND CLASSIFIED FULL-TIME HOURS OF WORK PER
WEEK IN EACH YEAR, BY STATES, 1912 AND 1913—Continued.
T a b le
MACHINE HANDS.
Number of employees whose full-time hours per week
were—
Aver
age
full
time
Over 51
Over 57
hours Un
48
54
and
per der
and under
54
and and
48
60 Over
60
week. 48
under 54
under under
60
51
57
Num
ber of
estab
lish
ments.
Num
ber of
em
ploy
ees.
21
25
8
12
584
780
175
434
59.0
58.8
59.1
56.5
20
9
43
13
749
206
954
329
57.4
59.6
57.2
59.5
26
28
6
15
481
685
152
6S3
59.6
58.7
59.6
59.4
226 0,212
58.5
Massachusetts....................
21
25
8
12
684
804
206
430
58.7
57.7
58.1
56.3
Michigan. u. . . . . . . .
Missouri..............................
New York.... .....................
North Carolina...................
879
20
214
9
43 1,060
379
13
54.3
59.6
5G.4
59.3
Ohio...................................
Pennsylvania.....................
Tennessee...........................
W i s c o n s i n . ___
26
28
6
15
503
721
117
691
59.3
58.1
59.7
59.4
226 6,700
57.6
Year and State.
1912.
Indiana........ .. -., rr_____
Maryland............ ..........
Ohio
. .. .
1913.
Tllinnis. ,. nT
.
Indiana......................
Total........................
8
7
85
66
92
37
16
47
14
88
71
283
11
267
439
324
127
59
332
1S2
245
204
406
11
384
190
125
19
112
12
81
280
270
7
93
63
7
45
8
75
24
31
8
82
381
2!>3
140
413
168 1,062 1,589 3,149
81
139
194
16
329
442
277
119
58
19
38
309
69
200
173
272
13
164
8
160
344
96
25
33
699
14
534
100 1,401
205
38
180
284
330
213
109
407
665 1,844 2,542
UPHOLSTERERS.
1912.
Illinois................................
Indiana..............................
Massachusetts....................
Michigan,.,. T___________
New York..........................
8
4
5
7
10
215
37
19
41
108
55.1
56.9
50.5
57.8
57.0
Ohio
....................
Pennsylvania.....................
Wisconsin...........................
Other States.......................
4
5
8
3
30
41
75
17
57.3
57. 9
59. 2
\
Total........................
54
583
56.4
18
1913.
Illinois................................
Indiana..............................
Massachusetts....................
Michigan.............................
New York..........................
8
4
5
7
10
212
35
26
52
136
54.2
57. 4
50.3
54.4
56.8
25
Ohio....................................
Pennsylvania...................
Wisconsin...........................
Other States......................
4
5
8
3
32
34
83
25
58.4
57.2
58.0
50.6
Total........................
54
635
55.8
16
143
53
23
1
7
48
16
8
1
13
32
5
21
3
25
11
88
182
87
22
28
1
3
7
10
13
70
14
18
8
6
17
12
27
9
25
18
24
184
18
169
42
49
10
18
18
279
3
4
22
16
34
12
30
' ” i3*
71
183
59
19
25
81
58
WAGES AND HOURS OF LABOR, 1907 TO 1913---- FURNITURE.
147
V . —AVERAGE AND CLASSIFIED FULL-TIME HOURS OF WORK PER
WEEK IN EACH YEAR, BY STATES, 1912 AND 1913—Concluded.
T a b le
VENEERERS.
Year and State.
Num
ber of
estab
lish
ments.
Number of employees whose full-time hours per week
were—
AverNum
ber of
em- time
Over 51
Over 57
48
ploy- hours Un
54
and
per der
and under
48
54
and and
60 Over
60
under 54
under under
week. 48
51
57
1913.
Illinois...............
Indiana..............
Massachusetts...
Michigan............
Missouri.............
New York.........
17
14
3
15
3
25
69
45
6
158
7
72
59.5
59.1
51.4
57.1
60.0
56.6
Ohio...................
Pennsylvania...
Tennessee...........
Wisconsin..........
Other States___
13
17
3
12
1
54
62
8
81
1
59.5
59.1
60.0
59.3
60.0
Total........
123
563
58.3
103
60
10
170
7
59.4
58.4
50.8
54.1
60.0
55.5
1913.
Illinois...............
Indiana..............
Massachusetts...
Michigan............
Missouri.............
New York.........
31
155
123
698
57.2
94
288
13
152
*55
58.8
58.4
60.0
59.4
55.0
Ohio...................
Pennsylvania...
Tennessee..........
Wisconsin..........
Other States___
Total........
13
30
218
62
111
274
13
148
T able
BULLETIN OF TH E BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS.
V I . —AVERAGE AND CLASSIFIED FULL-TIME HOURS OF WORK
PER WEEK IN EACH STATE, B Y YEARS, 1912 AND 1913.
[The figures set opposite each bracketed group of years are for identical establishments.]
CABINETMAKERS.
State, and number of
establishments.
Illinois:
21 establishments.
Indiana:
25 establishments.
Maryland:
5 establishments.
Massachusetts:
8 establishments.
Michigan:
16 establishments.
Missouri:
8 establishments.
New York:
40 establishments.
North Carolina:
11 establishments.
Ohio:
23 establishments.
Pennsylvania:
23 establishments
Tennessee:
6 establishments.
Wisconsin:
13 establishments.
Num
ber of
Year. em
ploy-
Number of employees whose full-time hours per week
were—
Aver
age
full
time
Over 51
Over 57
hours Un
54
48
and
Over
and under
per der
54
and and
48
60
week. 48
under 54
under under
51
57
1912
1913
368
384
58.4
58.2
1912
1913
350
360
59.0
58.3
1912
1913
61
64
58.6
56.6
1912
1913
152
146
49.9
50.4
1912
1913
475
485
57.8
54.2
1912
1913
83
85
60.0
60.0
1912
1913
479
566
57.3
56.2
1912
1913
114
167
59.6
59.9
81
152
1912
1913
235
244
59.3
59.0
186
154
1912
1913
327
347
58.8
58.3
1912
1913
74
87
59.7
59.8
70
1912
1913
221
249
59.7
59.8
176
208
246
226
112
12
176
171
24
113
113
13
411
209
74
45
290
186
258
85
170
122
136
135
73
150
130
CARVERS, HAND.
Illinois:
17 establishments.
Indiana:
6 establishments.
Massachusetts:
5 establishments.
Michigan:
14 establishments.
New York:
21 establishments
Ohio:
4 establishments.
'Pennsylvania:
11 establishments.
Wisconsin:
3 establishments.
1912
1913
79
83
57.0
56.7
1912
1913
8
11
58.7
57.6
1912
1913
28
25
45.1
45.2
1912
1913
104
108
58.0'
54.0
1912
1913
82
82
56.4
56.2
1912
1913
7
7
59.4
59.4
1912
1913
30
26
56.9
56.8
1912
1913
11
11
58.9
58.9
31
38
5
4
1
3
25
22
1
1
1
1
41
108
29
15
4
29
10
5
5
13
10
57
23
20
149
WAGES AND HOURS OF LABOR, 1907 TO 1913— FURNITURE.
T a b le V I . — AVERAGE
AND CLASSIFIED FULL-TIME HOURS OF WORK
PER WEEK IN EACH STATE, BY YEARS, 1912 AND 1913—Continued
CHAIR ASSEMBLERS.
State, and number of
establishments.
Massachusetts:
4 establishments.
Michigan:
4 establishments.
New York:
3 establishments.
North Carolina:
3 establishments.
Ohio:
3 establishments.
Wisconsin:
3 establishments.
Num
ber of
Year. em
ploy-
1912
1913
138
161
1912
1913
127
126
Number of employees whose full-time hours per week
were—
Aver
age
full
time
Over 51
Over 57
54
hours Un
48
and
and
Over
and under
per der
54
and under
48
60
under
week.
under 54
60
51
57
94
141
61
11
1912
1913
1912
1913
11
28
15
11
57.
1912
1913
22
59.
1912
1913
FINISHERS.
Illinois:
23 establishments.
Indiana:
25 establishments.
Maryland:
8 establishments. .
Massachusetts:
12 establishments.
Michigan:
20 establishments.
Missouri:
9 establishments..
New York:
44 establishments.
North Carolina:
12 establishments.,
Ohio:
27 establishments.
Pennsylvania:
26 establishments.
6 establishments..
Wisconsin:
16 establishments.
/1912
\1913
672 58.5
702 58.3
/1912
\1913
502
535
/1912
\1913
139 58.8
129 57.1
/1912
\1913
223 54.0
190 54.5
28
58.8
57.8
/1912 1,064
\1913
931
57.8
54.2
ri912
\1913
126
133
60.0
60.0
1912
U913
864
909
56.8
55.8
1912
(1913
244
240
19
154
23
58
138
765
483
166
152
175
400
373
133
218
193
83
575
126
133
101
564
129
183
191
113
59.4
59.0
92
152
134
/1912
\1913
358 59.5
380 59.1
78
132
219
/1912
\1913
571
610
287
311
201
180
58.6
58.2
/1912
\1913
80 59.4
91 59.6
/1912
\1913
447 59.6
437 59.5
36
119
70
135
139
312
298
37
29
150
BU LLETIN OP TH E BUREAU OP LABOR STATISTICS.
V I . —AVERAGE AND CLASSIFIED FULL-TIME HOURS OF WORK
PER WEEK IN EACH STATE, BY YEARS, 1912 AND 1913—Continued.
T a b le
MACHINE HANDS.
State, and number of
establishments.
Illinois:
21 establishments.
Indiana:
25 establishments.
Maryland:
8 establishments.
Massachusetts:
12 establishments.
Michigan:
20 establishments.
Missouri:
9 establishments.
New York:
43 establishments.
North Carolina:
13 establishments.
Ohio:
26 establishments.
Pennsylvania:
28 establishments.
Tennessee:
6 establishments.
Wisconsin:
15 establishments.
Num
ber of
Year. em
ploy-
Number of employees whose full-time hours per week
were—
Aver
age
full
Over 51
Over 57
time
48
54
hours Un
and
Over
per der
48
54
and and
and under
60
under under
under 54
week.
60
57
51
/1912
\1913
584
684
59.0
58.7
/1912
\1913
780
804
58.8
57.7
T1912
[1913
175
206
59.1
58.1
/1912
\1913
434
436
56.5
56.3
J1912
\1913
749
879
57.4
54.3
<1912
\1913
206
214
59. e
/1912
954
\1913 1,066
57.2
56.4
/1912
\1913
329
379
59.5
59.3
/1912
\1913
481
503
59.6
59.3
/1912
\1913
685
721
58.7
58.1
/1912
\1913
152
117
59.6
59.7
/1912
\1913
083
691
59.4
59.4
92
205
45
71
139
439
442
283
194
324
277
127
119
267
329
406
180
59
332
192
200
534
384
19
190
309
245
173
125
204
272
81
160
381
280
344
293
213
38
112
164
140
109
270
284
413
407
UPHOLSTERERS.
Illinois:
8 establishments.
Indiana:
4 establishments.
Massachusetts:
5 establishments.
Michigan:
7 establishments.
New York:
10 establishments
Ohio:
4 establishments.
Pennsylvania:
5 establishments.
Wisconsin:
8 establishments.
ri9i2
[1913
215
212
55.1
54.2
ri9i2
11913
37
35
56.9
57.4
fl912
[1913
19
26
50.5
50.3
fl912
11913
41
52
57.8
54.4
42
12
10
fl912
[1913
108
136
57.0
56.8
17
49
27
13
fl912
[1913
30
32
58.5
58.4
10
fl912
[1913
41
34
57.3
57.2
25
18
F1912
[1913
75
83
57.9
58.0
16
18
53
22
143
169
14
7
18
19
23
28
16
48
70
21
22
13
16
34
25
30
81
58
151
WAGES AND HOURS OF LABOR, 1907 TO 1913-----FURNITURE.
V I . — AVERAGE AND CLASSIFIED FULL-TIME HOURS OF WORK
PER WEEK IN EACH STATE, BY YEARS, 1912 AND 1913—Concluded.
T able
V E N E E R E R S.
State, and number of
establishments.
Illinois:
17 establishments.
Indiana:
14 establishments.
Massachusetts:
3 establishments..
Michigan:
15 establishments.
Missouri:
3 establishments..
New York:
25 establishments.
Ohio:
13 establishments.
Pennsylvania:
17 establishments.
Tennessee:
3 establishments..
Wisconsin:
12 establishments.
Num
ber of
Year. employ-
/1912
\1913
103
Number of employees whose full-time hours per week
were—
Average
full
Over 51
time
Over 57
hours Un
48
54
and
and under
48
54
and and
per der
60 Over
60
week. 48
under under
under 54
60
51
57
11
59.
/1912
11913
9
13
/1912
\1913
10
/1912
\1913
158
170
/1912
\1913
J1912
\1913
60
152
60.
72
/1912
\1913
56.6
55.5
17
59.5
58.8
/1912
\1913
/1912
\1913
/1912
\1913
14
14
59.3
59.4
31
152
BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS.
V I I . —AVERAGE FULL-TIME HOURS OF WORK PER WEEK AND
AV ERAGE FULL-TIME WEEKLY EARNINGS, BY STATES, 1912 AND 1913.
T a b le
CABINETMAKERS.
1913
State.
1913
Number
of estab
Average Average Number Average Average
lish
Number full-time
full-time of em full-time full-time
ments.
of em
hours
weekly
weekly
hours
ployees. per
week. earnings. ployees. per week. earnings.
Illinois.........................................
Indiana........................................
Maryland.....................................
Massachusetts.............................
21
25
5
8
368
350
61
152
58.4
59.0
58.6
49.9
$15.47
12.84
10.88
15.49
384
360
64
146
58.2
58.3
56.6
50.4
$15.56
13.38
11.41
15.30
Michigan.....................................
Missouri.......................................
New York....................................
North Carolina...........................
16
8
40
11
475
83
479
114
57.8
60.0
57.3
59.6
14.00
13.59
13.42
8.84
485
85
566
167
54.2
60.0
56.2
59.9
13.91
13.79
13.44
8.89
Ohio.............................................
Pennsylvania..............................
Tennessee....................................
Wisconsin....................................
23
23
6
13
235
327
74
221
59.3
58.8
59.7
59.7
13.17
11.87
11.39
11.52
244
347
87
249
59.0
58.3
59.8
59.8
13.64
12.76
11.12
11.54
Total..................................
199
2,939
58.1
13.20
3,184
57.2
13.30
CARVERS, HAND.
Illinois.........................................
Indiana........................................
Massachusetts.............................
Michigan......................................
New York....................................
17
6
5
14
21
79
8
28
104
82
57.0
58.7
45.1
58.0
56.4
$17.67
16.69
20.44
18.13
16.30
83
11
25
108
82
56.7
57.6
45.2
54.0
56.2
$17.66
17.48
19.29
18.05
16.54
Ohio.............................................
Pennsylvania..............................
Wisconsin....................................
Other States................................
4
11
3
1
7
30
11
1
59.4
56.9
58.9
59.5
14.59
16.00
16.94
13.00
7
26
11
2
59.4
56.8
58.9
59.5
15.28
15.86
17.03
13.63
Total..................................
82
350
56.3
17.44
355
55.1
17.41
CHAIR ASSEMBLERS.
Massachusetts.............................
Michigan.....................................
New York....................................
North Carolina............................
4
4
3
3
138
127
63
28
57.1
57.1
58.0
59.2
$10.89
12.29
10.81
8.02
161
126
84
36
57.1
55.2
58.3
57.3
$10.86
12.81
10.92
8.07
Ohio.............................................
Wisconsin...................................
Other States................................
3
3
3
20
52
25
59.9
59.3
57.6
9.76
10.14
13.42
19
62
31
59.8
59.5
57.7
9.92
10.95
14.16
Total..................................
23
453
57.8
11.10
519
57.3
11.32
FINISHERS.
Massachusetts.............................
23
25
8
12
672
502
139
223
58.5
58.8
58.8
54.0
$13.53
11.75
9.79
12.32
702
535
129
190
58.3
57.8
57.1
54.5
$13.79
12.06
10.36
12.56
Michigan.....................................
Missouri.......................................
New York....................................
North Carolina...........................
20
9
44
12
1,064
126
864
244
57.8
60.0
56.8
59.4
11.34
11.64
12.21
7.57
931
133
909
240
54.2
60.0
55.8
59.0
11.62
12.03
12.59
7.92
Ohio.............................................
Pennsylvania..............................
Tennessee....................................
Wisconsin....................................
27
26
6
16
358
571
80
447
59.5
58.6
59.4
59.6
11.03
10.74
8.86
10.52
380
610
91
437
59.1
58.2
59.6
59.5
11.53
11.18
9.33
10.97
Total..................................
228
5,290
58.2
11.44
5,287
57.2
11.81
Illinois.........................................
Indiana........................................
WAGES AND HOURS OF LABOR, 1907 TO 1913-----FURNITURE.
153
V I I . —AVERAGE FULL-TIME HOURS OF WORK PER WEEK AND
AVERAGE FULL-TIME W EEKLY EARNINGS, BY STATES, 1912 AND
1913—Concluded.
T a b le
MACHINE HANDS.
1912
State.
Number
of estab
Average
Number full-time
lish
ments.
of em
hours
ployees. per
week.
1913
Average
Average Average
full-time Number
full-time
of em full-time
weekly
weekly ployees.
hours
earnings.
per week. earnings.
Illinois.........................................
Indiana........: ..............................
Maryland.....................................
Massachusetts.............................
21
25
g
12
584
780
175
434
59.0
58.8
59.1
56.5
$14.74
12.32
10.87
11.90
684
804
206
436
58.7
57.7
58.1
56.3
$14.96
12.16
11.08
12.22
Michigan.....................................
Missouri.......................................
New York....................................
North Carolina............................
20
9
43
13
749
206
954
329
57.4
59.6
57.2
59.5
14.18
12.83
12.62
8.90
879
214
1,066
379
54.3
59.6
56.4
59.3
14.21
12.76
12.78
8.89
Ohio.............................................
Pennsylvania..............................
Tennessee....................................
Wisconsin....................................
26
28
6
15
481
685
152
683
59.6
58.7
59.6
59.4
11.89
12.18
11.14
10.44
503
721
117
691
59.3
58.1
59.7
59.4
12.16
12.42
11.53
10.83
Total..................................
226
6,212
58.5
12.30
6,700
57.6
12.50
UPHOLSTERERS.
Illinois.........................................
Indiana........................................
Massachusetts.............................
Michigan......................................
New York....................................
8
4
5
7
10
215
37
19
41
108
55.1
56.9
50.5
57.8
57.0
$16.91
15.56
19.48
17.28
16.95
212
35
26
52
136
54.2
57.4
50.3
54.4
56.8
$16.83
15.75
19.82
17.18
17.19
Ohio.............................................
Pennsylvania..............................
Wisconsin....................................
Other States................................
4
5
8
3
30
41
75
17
58.5
57.3
57.9
59.2
14.96
15.68
14.42
13.40
32
34
83
25
58.4
57.2
58.0
56.6
15.18
16.38
14.48
12.64
Total..................................
54
583
56.4
16.33
635
55.8
16.42
VENEERERS.
Illinois.........................................
Indiana........................................
Massachusetts.............................
Michigan.....................................
17
14
3
15
69
45
6
158
59.5
59.1
51.4
57.1
$13.54
12.41
14.28
12.90
103
60
10
170
59.4
58.4
50.8
54.1
$13.90
12.34
14.47
12.81
Missouri.......................................
New York...................................
Ohio.............................................
Pennsylvania..............................
3
25
13
17
7
72
54
62
60.0
56.6
59.5
59.1
13.14
12.44
12.14
12.11
7
89
56
91
60.0
55.5
58.8
58.4
13.51
12.52
12.75
11.82
Tennessee....................................
Wisconsin....................................
Other States................................
3
12
1
8
81
1
60.0
59.3
60.0
10.86
10.38
20.00
14
96
2
60.0
59.4
55.0
11.10
10.53
17.00
Total..................................
123
563
58.3
12.36
698
57.2
12.45
APPENDIX.
In order that the summary figures in regard to rates of wages and
hours of labor in the three industries covered in this Bulletin, hereto
fore published for the years 1890 to 1912, may be available for refer
ence, the following tables are reproduced from Bulletin No. 129.
T able I .—RELATIVE
FULL-TIME HOURS PER W EE K AND RELATIVE RATES OF
WAGES PER HOUR IN LUMBER MANUFACTURING, 1890 TO 1912.
[Data are included from 56 establishments, 1890-1903; 49 establishments, 1903, 1904; 69 establishments,
1904, 1905; 68 establishments, 1905, 1906; 75 establishments, 1906, 1907; 40 establishments, 1907-1910;
245 establishments, 1910,1911; and 301 establishments, 1911,1912.]
Year.
Relative
full-time
hours per
week.
Relative
rate of
wages per
hour.
Average, 1890-1899
100.0
100.0
.
.
.
.
100.4
100.2
100.2
100.0
100.0
101.9
101.4
101.5
99.9
96.7
99.9
100.1
99.9
99.6
99.8
97.0
97.4
97.7
101.5
104.5
99.5
99.3
98.7
98.3
97.8
105.4
108.6
112.1
114.2
112.3
97.6
96.6
96.4
96.6
96.5
116.3
124.4
129.6
118.7
121.6
96.5
96.5
96.6
130.0
129.9
131.5
189
189
189
189
189
0
1
189
189
189
189
189
5
6
7
8
9
.
190
190
190
190
190
0
1
.
190
190
190
190
190
5
6
7
8
9
2
3
4
.
.
.
.
2
3
4
191 0
191 1
191 2
(54
.
WAGES AND HOURS OF LABOR, 1907 TO 1913---- APPENDIX.
155
Table 2.—RELATIVE FULL-TIME HOURS PER W EEK AND RELATIVE RATES OF
WAGES PER HOUR IN THE PRINCIPAL OCCUPATIONS IN LUMBER MANUFAC
TURING, 1890 TO 1912.
[Data are included from 56 establishments, 1890-1903; 49 establishments, 1903, 1904; 69 establishments,
1904, 1905; 68 establishments, 1905, 1906; 75 establishments, 1906, 1907; 40 establishments, 1907-1910; 245
establishments, 1910,1911; and 301 establishments, 1911,1912.]
Setters.2
Carriage men.i
Year.
Average, 1890-1899..
1890..
1891..
1892..
1893..
1894..
1895..
1896..
1897..
1898..
1899..
1900..
1901..
1902..
19C3..
1904..
1905..
1906..
1907..
1008..
1909..
1910..
1911..
1912..
Rela Rela
tive
tive
full
time rate of
hours
per
per
hour.
week.
100.0
100.4
100.2
100.2
99.6
99.5
100.1
100.1
99.9
100.0
99.9
99.6
98.5
98.1
98.3
98.0
97.8
96.8
96.4
96.6
96.6
96.4
96.2
1894.
1895.
1896.
1897.
1898.
1899.
1900..
1901..
1902..
1903.
1904.
1905.
1906.
1907.
1908.
1909.
1910.
1911.
1912.
100.0
100.5
100.2
100.1
99.5
99.4
100.2
100.3
100.1
100.0
99.9
99.7
99.5
98.8
98.4
98.7
98.6
97.6
97.2
0
Rela
tive
rate of
per
hour.
Rela
tive
full
time
hours
per
week.
Rela
tive
rate of
wages
per
hour.
100.0
100.2
101.7
102.1
98.1
96.6
97.7
97.8
99.4
103.1
104.2
106.1
100.2
111.1
115.0
117.3
122.4
128.6
135.5
128.7
131.2
136.2
138.2 4 100.0 4 100.0 4 100.0 4100.0
499.8 <100.7 499.8 4100.5
100.0
100.6
101.2
100.1
102.0
97.6
96.4
98.9
98.8
100.4
104.1
107.0
108.2
108.2
112.8
114.8
117.8
121.0
127.1
(*)
Relar
tive
full
time
hours
per
week.
100.0
100.4
100.4
100.0
99.9
99.9
99.8
100.0
99.8
99.6
101.1
Filers.
Average, 1890-1899.
189 0
189 1
189 2
Rela
tive
full
time
hours
per
week.
Choppers and
sawyers in
woods.
Cant setters,
gang.5
100.0
100.2
100.2
100.2
100.2
100.2
100.2
100.0
100.0
99.4
99.4
99.4
99.4
97.8
95.8
96.1
96.1
94.7
94.7
100.0
101.3
101.4
101.6
101.5
101.4
99.6
95.4
95.4
99.2
103.4
104.3
104.7
106.7
113.1
113.7
116.6
122.1
126.6
Laborers.6
100.0
99.9
100.0
99.8
99.4
99.4
99.3
99.4
(8)
Rela
tive
rate of
wages
per
hour.
100.0
98.6
97.8
99.3
95.9
94.7
98.5
98.3
101.0
106.5
109.4
109.5
113.2
115.7
116.3
109.9
115.4
120.8
125.7
(*)
Edgermen.
Rela
Rela
tive
tive
full
rate
of
time
hours
per
per
week. hour.
100.0
100.8
100.3
100.3
99.3
99.3
100.4
100.3
100.0
99.8
99.5
99.2
98.9
98.4
98.7
98.2
98.1
97.1
96.8
96.8
96.8
96.6
96.6
96.4
100.0
104.8
104.9
106.1
104.4
97.7
94.6
97.6
95.5
96.2
98.3
102.9
105.8
105.9
110.2
110.5
112.9
117.3
120.5
116.8
117.9
125.8
127.6
127.7
Planer feeders. Sawyers, band.
100.0
100.0
100.3
104.8
104.4
100.1
100.3
103.3
100.1
102.8
100.2
.98.1
95.6
100.0
96.7
100.1
100.0
94.8
97.9
. 99.4
101.2
99.5
102.3
99.1
105.8
98.8
110.6
97.5
113.1
96.8
113.2
97.0
96.9
116.6
126.1
95.5
795.2 *131.6
119.9
95.4
95.4
123.0
131.9
95.2
95.2
132.3 <100.0 4 100.0
95.4
133.9 <99.7 4 103.2
100.0
100.3
99.9
100.1
100.2
100.1
100.0
99.9
99.9
99.8
99.9
99.5
99.5
98.8
98.7
98.0
97.9
97.1
96.8
96.8
96.8
96.6
96.6 ,
96.6 ,
100.0
101.0
101.9
101.5
102.5
97.8
99.8
98.6
99.5
98.6
101.0
105.0
107.7
114.8
122.0
119.9
123.7
129.7
133.0
130.4
132.8
135.9
138.5
138.7
1Employees reported as carriage men for 1890 to 1911 are reported as doggers or setters for subsequent years.
2 The occupations doggers and setters include employees reported as carriage men for 1890 to 1911.
3 Discontinued.
4Data for 1890 to 1910 not available; computed with 1911=100.0.
* Employees reported in this occupation for 1890 to 1907 are reported as laborers for subsequent years.
6 This occupation includes employees reported as cant setters, gang, for 1890 to 1907.
7 Average 01 relatives of laborers and cant setters, gang, computed hy weighting the relatives for each of
those occupations according to the number of employees reported in 1907
156
BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS.
T able 2 .—RELATIVE FULL-TIME HOURS PER W EEK AND RELATIVE RATES OF
WAGES PER HOUR IN THE PRINCIPAL OCCUPATIONS IN LUMBER MANUFAC
TURING, 1890 TO 1912—Concluded.
gang.
Sawyers, circular.
Year.
Sawyers, resaw.
Trimmer operators.
Relative Relative Relative Relative Relative Relative Relative Relative
full-time rate of full-time rate of full-time rate of full-time rate of
hours
wages
hours
hours
wages
hours
wages
per week. per hour. per week. per hour. per week. per hour.
per hour.
Average, 1890-1899.
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
189
189
189
189
189
0
1
101.0
100.0
100.6
100.8
104.9
105.4
102.8
102.9
101.2
100.0
100.0
100.2
97.7
97.7
98.5
98.3
93.5
100.4
100.3
100.1
100.2
100.1
113.7
108.9
106.1
107.2
97.2
189
189
189
189
189
5
6
7
8
9
100.6
100.5
100.1
99.7
99.4
100.0
99.5
95.0
94.9
93.7
100.0
100.0
99.9
99.9
95.2
95.5
107.0
106.7
110.0
100.1
99.9
99.7
99.7
99.7
97.4
90.5
88.9
94.5
95.5
190
190
190
190
190
0
1
98.6
98.2
96.9
96.9
97.8
96.3
99.6
103.5
107.2
113.9
99.5
99.5
98.8
99.1
98.7
113.6
115.4
119.3
99.7
99.7
99.7
100.7
99.8
98.9
99.2
96.2
98.1
104.4
97.7
97.0
96.8
96.8
118.0
128.0
126.9
119.7
124.4
129.8
122.4
98.8
97.2
96.7
96.7
96.7
99.7
98.9
98.9
98.9
98.9
106.0
109.7
110.2
104.3
104.9
97.0
97.0
128.2
128.5
129.9
96.7
97.0
97.0
126.6
123.1
123.0
98.9
98.9
98.9
104.8
105.0
106.6
2
3
4
2
3
4
190 5
190 6
190 7
1903..........................
190 9
.
191 0
191 1
191 2
120.8
100.2
122.1
120.1
122.6
123.8
1100.0
1100.0
1100.0
1101.6
1 Data for 1890 to 1910 not available; computed with 1911=100.0.
T able 3 .—RELATIVE
FULL-TIME HOURS PER W EE K AND RELATIVE RATES
WAGES PER HOUR IN THE MILLWORK INDUSTRY, 1890 TO 1912.
OF
{Data are included from 94 establishments, 1890-1903; 112 establishments, 1903, 1904; 113 establishments,
1904, 1905; 116 establishments, 1905, 1906; 120 establishments, 1906, 1907; 62 establishments, 1907-1910;
232 establishments, 1910,1911; and 269 establishments, 1911,1912.]
Year.
Average, 1890-1899..............................
1890.......................................................
1891............................................... .......
1892.......................................................
1893.......................................................
1894.......................................................
1895.......................................................
1896.......................................................
1897.......................................................
1898.......................................................
1899.......................................................
1900.......................................................
1901.......................................................
1902.......................................................
1903.......................................................
1904.......................................................
1905.......................................................
1906.......................................................
1907.......................................................
1908.......................................................
1909.......................................................
1910.......................................................
1911........................................................
1912.......................................................
Relative
full-time
hours
per week.
Relative
rate of
wages
per hour.
100.0
101.3
100.6
100.7
100.1
100.3
99.7
99.0
99.6
99.4
99.2
98.9
98.7
97.7
97.2
97.9
98.1
96.9
96.7
96.7
96.7
96.9
96.8
96.2
100.0
99.2
100.4
100.1
100.0
97.0
98.1
99.3
100.0
101.7
104.1
105.9
108.6
112.5
116.5
115.7
116.7
120.6
124.5
123.4
124.9
127.8
129.0
132.3
157
WAGES AND HOURS OF LABOR, 1907 TO 1913— APPENDIX.
Table 4 .—RELATIVE FULL-TIME HOURS PER W EE K AND RELATIVE RATES OF
WAGES PER HOUR IN THE PRINCIPAL OCCUPATIONS OF THE MILLWORK
INDUSTRY, 1890 TO 1912.
{Data are included from 94 establishments, 1890-1903; 112 establishments, 1903, 1904; 113 establishments,
1904, 1905; 116 establishments, 1905, 1906; 120 establishments, 1906, 1907; 62 establishments, ly07-1910:
232 establishments, 1910,1911; and 269 establishments, 1911,1912.]
Carpenters.1
Year.
Average, 1890-1899..
.
189 0
189 1
189 2
189 3
.
189 4
.
189 5
.
1897.
1898.
1899.
1900.
1901..
1902.
1903.
1904.
1905.
1906.
1907..
1908..
1909..
1910..
1911..
1912..
Bench hands.2
Glaziers.
Relative Relative Relative Relative Relative Relative Relative Relative
full-time rate of full-time rate of full-time rate of full-time rate of
wages
hours
hours
hours
wages
hours
per week. per hour.
per hour. per week. per hour. per week. per hour.
100.0
101.9
101.1
101.3
100.2
100.1
99.8
98.0
99.1
99.4
99.0
98.4
98.2
97.0
96.5
96.3
96.3
96.0
95.6
100.0
98.7
100.0
99.2
100.2
96.7
98.0
100.8
101.1
102.3
102.8
106.7
108.0
113.6
119.3
122.4
123.4
126.6
131.6
Laborers.
Average, 1890-1899..
1890..........................
189 1
189 2
189 3
189 4
189 5
189 6
189 7
189 8
189 9
190 0
190 1
190 2
190 3
190 4
190 5
190 6
190 7
190 8
190 9
191 0
191 1
191 2
Framers.1
100.0
100.1
100.1
100.1
99.9
100.0
100.0
99.8
99.9
100.0
100.2
99.9
100.0
100.0
99.9
100.4
100.0
97.9
98.0
97.5
97.2
97.7
97.7
97.4
100.0
102.4
105.3
101.5
98.3
94.1
95.9
96.5
96.0
101.5
108.5
102.8
110.8
110.8
113.3
110.4
112.7
117.7
121.4
121.0
124.0
125.9
126.4
130.7
100.0
100.5
100.0
100.0
99.8
100.5
99.8
100.2
100.2
100.0
98.9
99.2
98.6
97.9
97.9
98.0
98.2
97.9
97.7
100.0
100.3
101.5
103.0
102.3
98.1
97.0
95.9
97.6
100.2
104.0
105.2
108.6
111. 3
114.2
113.7
116.2
117.9
119.5
Machine wood
workers.8
100.0
100.0
3 95.9
95.9
96.1
95.8
96.0
95.5
3 130.0
128.6
128.6
133.1
133.7
134.1
Sawyers.6
100.0
100.0
100.0
101.2
98.4
99.2
99.7
99.6
97.4
101.6
100.6
100.6
100.1
100.4
99.6
99.4
99.7
99.2
99.0
98.7
97.3
96.7
96.7
96.7
95.6
95.2
99.7
101.0
102.0
104.0
106.6
108.7
113.0
116.3
115.7
117.4
121.2
125.1
100.4
100.4
100.2
101.2
98.8
99.4
99.6
99.3
99.0
99.8
99.4
98.2
97.9
97.2
97.1
96.2
96.2
100.0
99.5
100.5
100.7
100.4
97.5
99.1
98.9
99.7
100.0
100.5
100.5
100.5
100.5
99.5
99.6
99.6
99.6
99.6
100.0
98.3
98.3
98.6
99.1
98.4
98.1
95.7
96.3
(4)
100.0
95.7
99.0
, 100.5
104.7
102.8
97.7
96.8
100.7
99.8
102.4
106.7
105.7
103.1
107.0
111.0
113.2
121.6
129.4
(4)
Machine hands.6
100.0
100.0
7 95.5
95.8
96.0
96.3
96.0
95.2
1 124.4
100.6
103.1
104.0
107.3
111.4
113.1
115.0
116.6
120.1
122.4
122.8
123.8
126.6
129.3
132.9
1 Employees reported as carpenters and framers for 1890 to 1907 are reported as bench hands for subse
quent years.
2 This occupation includes employees reported as carpenters and framers for 1890 to 1907.
3 Average of relatives of carpenters and framers, computed by weighting the relative for each of those
occupations according to the number of employees reported in 1907.
* Discontinued.
6 Employees reported as machine woodworkers and sawyers for 1890 to 1907 are reported as machine
hands for subsequent years.
6 This occupation includes employees reported as machine woodworkers and sawyers for 1890 to 1907.
7 Average of relatives of machine woodworkers and sawyers, computed by weighting the relative for
each of those occupations according to the number of employees reported in 1907.
158
BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS.
RELATIVE FULL-TIME HOURS PER W EE K AND RELATIVE RATES OF
WAGES PER HOUR IN FURNITURE MANUFACTURING, 1890 TO 1912.
[Data are included from 58 establishments, 1890-1903; 61 establishments, 1903, 1904; 63 establishments,
1904, 1905; 63 establishments, 1905, 1906; 67 establishments, 1906, 1907; 52 establishments, 1907-1910;
128 establishments, 1910,1911; and 199 establishments, 1911,1912.]
T a b le
5 .—
Relative
full-time
hours per
week.
Year.
100.0
101.3
100.7
99.8
99.9
98.2
99.8
Average, 1890
.
189 0
189 1
.
189 2
189 3
189 4
.
189 5
189 6
189 7
189 8
189 9
.
190 0
190 1
190 2
190 3
190 4
.
190 5
190 6
190 7
.
190 8
190 9
191 0
191 1
191 2
100.0
99.6
100.4
100.3
100.2
99.3
98.3
98.1
97.3
96.6
95.8
95.7
95.9
95.5
95.1
94.5
93.9
Relative
rate of„
wages per
hour.
100.0
100.5
101.5
102.5
101.1
99.4
97.9
97.7
100.2
98.0
102.0
102.4
107.3
114.1
115.2
117.5
121.0
125.7
127.3
127.5
126.7
130.5
132.1
135.1
T able 6 .—RELATIVE
FULL-TIME HOURS PER W EEK AND RELATIVE RATES OF
WAGES PER HOUR IN THE PRINCIPAL OCCUPATIONS IN FURNITURE MANUFAC
TURING, 1890 TO 1912.
[Data are included from 58 establishments, 1890-1903; 61 establishments, 1903, 1904; 63 establishments.
1904.1905; 63 establishments, 1905, 1906; 67 establishments, 1906, 1907; 52 establishments, 1907-1910; 128
establishments, 1910,1911; and 199 establishments, 1911,1912.J
Cabinetmakers. Carvers, hand.
Year.
Average, 1890-1899.
189 0
.
189 1
.
189 2
.
189 3
.
189 4
.
189 5
.
189 6
.
189 7
.
189 8
189 9
.
190 0
.
190 1
.
190 2
.
190 3
.
190 4
.
190 5
.
190 6
.
190 7
.
190 8
.
190 9
.
191 0
.
191 1
.
191 2
.
Rela
tive
full
time
hours
per
week.
Rela
tive
rate of
wages
per
hour.
100.0
100.0
101.8
103.1
99.8
96.0
Rela
tive
full
time
hours
per
week.
Rela
tive
rate of
100.0
101.2
100.5
99.7
99.4
98.4
99.8
99.8
99.8
100.7
100.4
99.9
98.3
96.8
96.7
95.9
95.3
93.4
93.7
94.4
94.1
93.8
93.3
93.0
per
hour.
102.3
104.5
103.6
100.1
98.2
97.2
98.1
95.7
98.6
100.4
107.2
115.1
116.9
119.0
122.2
128.5
12a 5
125.5
124.6
129.8
130.6
130.4
102.6
99.2
102.2
101.6
99.5
99.8
96.4
101.2
99.4
97.2
99.8
97.3
97.2
97.3
98.4
98.9
96.2
95.7
94.6
94.8
Chair assem
blers.
Rela
tive
full
time
hours
per
week.
Vamishers.i
Rela
tive
full
time
hours
per
week.
Rela
tive
rate of
100.0
100.0
97.0
103.2
113.7
97.7
95.6
84.6
95.2
101.0
99.7
112.3
102.2
112.3
119.0
112.7
115.9
116.7
120.7
120.7
121.8
126.7
131.2 2 100.0 2 100.0
134.9 2 100.5 2 104.7
136.3 2 99.6 2 106.7
100.8
100.0
97.6
104.6
100.9
102.1
99.4
96.8
100.1
100.3
98.3
99.9
102.3
115.8
127.7
141.3
137.9
Rela
tive
rate of
wages
per
hour.
100.5
99.4
98.8
98.3
98.5
100.7
100.5
100.7
101.7
100.2
98.0
95.4
94.1
94.8
per
hour.
Rela
tive
fulltinie
hours
per
week.
100.0
101.5
100.8
100.3
99.8
97.6
100.2
100.3
99.3
100.5
99.7
99.9
99.5
98.3
98.6
97.7
Rela
tive
rate of
wages
per
hour.
100.0
97.7
99.2
98.3
99.2
100.2
97.3
94.6
105.5
98.1
109.9
106.3
109.7
117.1
112.4
114.4
1 Employees reported separately as finishers and vamishers for 1890 to 1904 are reported as finishers for
subsequent years.
2 Data for 1890 to 1909 not available; computed with 1910= 100.0.
WAGES AND HOURS OF LABOR, 1907 TO 1913---- APPENDIX.
159
T able 6 .— RELATIVE FULL-TIME HOURS PER W EEK AND RELATIVE RATES OF
WAGES PER HOUR IN THE PRINCIPAL OCCUPATIONS IN FURNITURE MANUFAC
TURING, 1890 TO 1912—Continued.
Finishers1 (in Machine wood
circu
cluding varSawyers, band, a Sawyers,
workers.2
lar. <
nishers).
Year.
Rela
tive
full
time
hours
per
week.
Rela
tive
rate of
wages
per
hour.
Rela
tive
full
time
hours
per
week.
Rela
tive
rate of
wages
per
hour.
Relar
tive
full
time
hours
per
week.
Rela
tive
rate of
wages
per
hour.
Rela
tive
full
time
hours
per
week.
Average, 1890-1899..
100.0
100.0
Sawyers, jig.
Rela
tive
rate of
wages
per
hour.
Rela
tive
full
time
hours
per
week.
Rela
tive
rate of
wages
per
hour.
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
1890...........................
1801...........................
1892............................
1803...........................
1894...........................
101.4
101.0
100.0
100.0
98.0
100.7
101.1
101.4
99.8
98.6
101.4
100.3
99.5
100.5
96.3
105.2
102.6
102.7
101.2
99.1
100.5
100.4
100.3
100.3
96.2
101.7
102.2
102.6
102.0
97.9
100.4
100.1
100.1
100.1
100.1
92.9
100.5
98.6
100.9
100.9
1895...........................
1806...........................
1897..*.......................
1808...........................
1899...........................
99.4
99.9
99.3
100.2
100.8
98.6
99.2
100.4
99.5
101.1
99.3
100.8
100.0
100.0
101.9
98.8
97.7
98.4
97.1
97.5
100.4
100.3
100.5
100.3
100.8
98.7
98.0
99.4
98.4
99.2
100.1
100.1
100.1
100.1
98.9
100.3
98.6
101.9
100.9
104.4
1900...........................
19C1...........................
1902...........................
1903...........................
1904...........................
100.8
101.1
100.6
100.3
99.7
102.1
103.0
108.7
112.2
111.1
101.3
100.8
100.8
100.7
99.6
100.5
103.7
104.4
105.8
109.5
99.9
99.3
98.9
99.1
98.5
102.9
107.1
111.4
113.4
113.9
95.7
94.6
93.1
93.1
92.3
107.6
113.8
124.1
124.1
132.5
99.6
99.1
99.1
114.5
119.0
122.1
99.4
99.4
111.7
114.1
98.4
98.0
117.6
122.1
92.0
91.0
133.1
131.2
596.4 ’* 124.6
1905...........................
1906...........................
1907...........................
1908...........................
1909 ..........................
96.2
95.7
95.5
95.8
95.5
127.1
130.5
131.0
133.7
129.8
1910..........................
1911..........................
1912..........................
95.5
94.7
94.1
132.5
134.0
138.0
1 This occupation includes employees reported separately as finishers and vamishers for 1890 to 1904.
2 Employees reported as machme woodworkers for 1890 to 1907 are reported as machine hands for sub
sequent years.
8 Employees reported as band sawyers for 1890 to 1906 are reported as sawyers for 1907 and as machine
hands for subsequent years.
4 Employees reported as circular sawyers and jig sawyers for 1890 to 1906 are reported as sawyers for
1907 and as machme hands for subsequent years.
6 Average of relatives of finishers and vamishers, computed by weighting the relatives for each of those
occupations according to the number of employees reported in 1904.
160
BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS.
6.—RELATIVE FULL-TIME HOURS PER W EEK AND RELATIVE RATES OF
WAGES PER HOUR IN THE PRINCIPAL OCCUPATIONS IN FURNITURE MANUFAC
TURING, 1890 TO 1912—Concluded.
T a b le
Sawyers.1
Year.
Average, 1830-1899..............................
Machine hands.2 Upholsterers.
Rela
tive
full
time
hours
per
week.
Rela
tive
rate of
wages
per
horn:.
Rela
tive
full
time
hours
per
week.
Rela
tive
rate of
wages
per
hour.
Rela
tive
full
time
hours
per
week.
Relar
tive
rate of
wages
per
hour.
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.5
100.3
99.9
100.3
100.2
99.4
101.4
100.2
98.2
100.6
100.1
99.7
99.7
99.7
99.6
99.9
98.1
97.6
100.6
104.0
98.3
94.4
94.9
92.1
91.3
106.0
121.1
125.2
125.3
125.1
123.1
123.2
124.5
91.7
91.5
91.3
91.1
91.6
126.2
130.0
131.8
130.6
130.0
127.5
130.1
133.6
91.6
91.1
90.6
136.5 4100.0
143.5 499.3
146.9 498.6
1890........................................................
1801........................................................
1332........................................................
1803........................................................
1894........................................................
1895........................................................
1836........................................................
1SD7........................................................
1893........................................................
1899........................................................
i
1900........................................................
1901........................................................
1902........................................................
1903........................................................
1904........................................................
190»........................................................
190)........................................................
190/........................................................
1903........................................................
1909........................................................
1910........................................................
1911........................................................
1912........................................................
Veneerers.
96.0
125.6
3
98.2
98.0
97.7
96.9
96.2
95.5
3
Rela
tive
full
time
horn’s
per
week.
Rela
tive
rate of
wages
per
hour.
4100.0
4 101.3
4 107.5
i This occupation includes employees reported as band sawyers, circular sawyers, and jig sawyers, 1890
to
2 This occupation includes employees reported as machine woodworkers, band sawyers, circular sawyers,
and jig sawyers, 1890 to 1906, and as machine woodworkers and sawyers for 1907.
3 Average of relatives of machine woodworkers and sawyers, computed by weighting the relatives for
each of those occupations according to the number of employees reported in 1907.
4 Data for 1890 to 1909 not available; computed with 1910= 100.0.
@FedFRASER