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UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF LABOR
JAMES J. DAVIS, Secretary
BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS
ETHELBERT STEWART, Commissioner
BULLETIN OF THE\UNITED STATES)
XT
BU RE A U O F LAB Oft S T A T I S T I C S /.................... l l O e
WAGES
AND
HOURS
OF
LABOR
COO
OLL
SERIES
WAGES AND HOURS OF LABOR IN
FOUNDRIES AND MACHINE SHOPS
1929
OCTOBER, 1930
UNITED STATES
GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE
WASHINGTON : 1930
For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, Washington, D. C.
-
-
-
Price 25 cents
CONTENTS
Page
Introduction and summary_____________________________________________
Average and classified earnings per hour, by occupation________________
Regular or customary full-time hours of operation______________________
Changes in hours and wage rates_______________________________________
Pay for overtime, 1929________________________________________________
Bonus systems________________________________________________________
Classified days worked by employees, 1929-------------------------------------------Importance of foundries and machine shops____________________________
Scope and method_____________________________________________________
General tables:
T a b l e A.— Average number of days on which employees worked,
average full-time and actual hours and earnings per week, average
earnings per hour, and per cent of full time worked, 1929, by occu
pation, sex, and State___________________________________________
T a b l e B.— Average and classified earnings per hour in 25 specified
occupations, 1929, by sex and State_____________________________
T a b l e C.— Average and classified full-time hours per week in 25
specified occupations, 1929, by sex and State_____________________
T a b l e D.— Average and classified hours actually worked in one week
by employees in 25 specified occupations, 1929, by sex and State___
T a b l e E.— Average and classified actual earnings in one week of
employees in 25 specified occupations, 1929, by sex and State____
Appendix.— Description of foundry and machine-shop occupations______
ni
1
11
16
26
26
31
40
42
44
47
71
91
110
130
149
BULLETIN OF THE
U. S. BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS
WASHINGTON
n o . 522
o c t o b e r , 1930
WAGES AND HOURS OF LABOR IN FOUNDRIES
AND MACHINE SHOPS IN 1929
INTRODUCTION AND SUMMARY
This bulletin presents the results of a study of wages and hours
of labor of wage earners in foundries and in machine shops in the
United States in the summer of 1929, by occupations.
Table 1 shows summary figures for wage earners in all occupations
and in each occupation in foundries and in machine shops in 1929
in comparison with summaries for other years in which studies were
made. Average full-time hours per week for all employees in foundries
were 51.0 or 0.1 hour less than in 1927. Average earnings per hour
were 62.4 cents or the same as in 1927, and average full-time earn
ings per week were $31.82 or 7 cents per week less than in 1927.
Average full-time hours per week for all employees in machine shops
in 1929 (p. 3) were 50.3 or 0.2 hour more than in 1927; earnings
per hour were 63.8 cents in 1929 or 1.3 cents more than in 1927;
and full-time earnings per week were $32.09 or 78 cents more than
in 1927.
T a b le
1.— Average hours and earnings with index numbers, 1923 to 1929, by
occupation and sex
FOUNDRIES
11923=100.0]
Occupation and sex
Year
Index numbers of—
Aver Aver Aver
age
Num Num
age
age
full
ber of ber of full earn
time Full Earn Full
estab employ
time ings earn
time
time
lish
hours per
earn
ees
ings hours ings
per
ments
per
ings
per
per
week hour week
per
week hour
week
T h e Industry
All occupations:
Males____ ___________________
1923
1925
1927
1929
351
413
417
399
31,856
39,915
38,504
40,032
Females_____________________
1923
1925
1927
1929
22
43
42
41
310
478
439
359
Males and females____ . . . _____
1923
1925
1927
1929
351
413
417
399
32,166
40,393
38,943
40,391
52.4 $0.560 $29.34
.612 31.52
51.5
51.1
.626 31.99
51.0
.625 31.88
100.0
98.3
97.5
97.3
100.0
109.3
111.8
111.6
100.0
107.4
109.0
108.7
49.3
49.0
49.0
49.7
.404
.427
.459
.451
19.92
20.92
22.49
22.41
100.0
99.4
99.4
100.8
100.0
105.7
113.6
111.6
100.0
105.0
112.9
112.5
52.4
51.5
51.1
51.0
.558
.610
.624
.624
29.24
31.42
31.89
31.82
100.0
98.3
97.5
97.3
100.0
109.3
111.8
111.8
100.0
107.5
109.1
108.8
1
2
WAGES AND HOURS— FOUNDRIES AND MACHINE SHOPS
T a b le
1.— Average hours and earnings, with index numbers, 1923 to 1929, by
occupation and sex— Continued
FOUNDRIES—Continued
Occupation and sex
Index numbers of—
Aver Aver Aver
age
age
Num Num
full
age
ber of ber of full earn
time Full Earn Full
time
time ings earn
estab employ
time
earn
lish
hours per
ings hours ings
ees
ings
per
per
ments
per
per
week hour week
per
week hour week
Year
By O ccupation
Chippers and rough grinders:
Male________________________
1923
1925
1927
1929
319
383
379
367
2,923
4,110
3,857
4,233
52.5 $0.465 $24.41
.521 26.83
51.5
.537 27.44
51.1
51.4
.538 27.65
100.0
98.1
97.3
97.9
100.0
112.0
115.5
115.7
100.0
109.9
112.4
113.3
Female_______ - _____________
Core makers:
Male______________ - _________
1927
1
0)
(0
0)
0)
(0
1923
1925
1927
1929
345
393
401
387
2,526
3,067
3,040
3,370
51.4
50.3
50.4
49.9
.690
.734
.755
.744
35.47
36.92
38.05
37.13
100.0
97.9
98.1
97.1
100.0
106.4
109.4
107.8
100.0
104.1
107.3
104.7
Female______________________
1923
1925
1927
1929
22
43
41
38
240
353
324
280
49.2
48.6
48.4
49.1
.431
.444
.491
.469
21.21
21.58
23. 76
23.03
100.0
98.8
98.4
99.8
100.0
103.0
113.9
108.8
100.0
101.7
112.0
108.6
1923
1925
1927
1929
197
236
242
237
593
772
875
927
53.5
52.7
52.6
52.2
.522
.562
.575
.582
27.93
29.62
30.25
30.38
100.0
98.5
98.3
97.6
100.0
107.7
110.2
111.5
100.0
106.1
108.3
108.8
1923
1925
1927
1929
342
380
393
364
556
567
602
500
52.4
51.9
51.8
51.0
.546
.635
.620
.634
28.61
32.96
32.12
32.33
100.0
99.0
98.9
97.3
100.0
116.3
113.6
116.1
100.0
115.2
112.3
113.0
1923
1925
1927
1929
343
389
401
384
9,265
10,931
11,017
10,980
53.5
52.5
52.1
52.1
.428
.481
.491
.490
22.90
25.25
25.58
25.53
100.0
98.1
97.4
97.4
100.0
112.4
114.7
114.5
100.0
110.3
111.7
111.5
1923
1925
1929
8
17
7
68
125
74
49.4
50.2
51.6
.316
.382
.386
15.61
19.18
19.92
100.0
101.6
104.5
100.0
120.9
122.2
100.0
122.9
127.6
1923
1925
1927
1929
262
325
324
321
2,379
2,363
2,063
2,098
51.3
50.2
50.5
49.6
.687
.768
.789
.783
35.24
38.55
39.84
38.84
100.0
97.9
98.4
96.7
100.0
111.8
114.8
114.0
100.0
109.4
113.1
110.2
1923
1925
1927
1929
346
401
402
385
4,904
5,612
5,375
5,453
51.2
50.4
49.9
50.0
.729
.802
.820
.828
37.32
40.42
40.92
41.40
100.0
98.4
97.5
97.7
100.0
110.0
112.5
113.6
100.0
108.3
109.6
110.9
1923
1925
1927
1929
161
229
220
249
1,993
3,140
3,102
3,854
51.9
50.1
50.4
50.4
.678 35.19
.733 36.72
.753 ; 37.95
.734 1 36.99
100.0
96.5
97.1
97.1
100.0
108.1
111.1
108.3
100.0
104.3
107.8
105.1
1923
1925
1927
1929
234
285
247
251
1,986
2,642
1,820
1,919
52.2
51.8
51.2
51.1
.433
.460
.484
.502
22.60
23.83
24.78
25.65
100.0
99.2
98.1
97.9
100.0
106.2
111.8
115.9
100.0
105.4
109.6
113.5
1923
1925
1927
1929
283
346
259
191
1,314
1,827
1,512
1,127
51.1
50.4
50.3
50.1
1
.750 , 38.38
.804 40.52
.830 I 41.75
.833 j 41.73
100.0
98.6
98.4
98.0
100.0
107.2
110.7
111.1
100.0
105.6
108.8
108.7
1923
1925
1927
1929
261
293
292
270
680
634
625
509
52.0
51.1
50.8
50.7
.534 27.77
.591 30.20
.609 , 30.94
.622 I 31.54
100.0
98.3
97.7
97.5
100.0
110.7
114.0
116.5
100.0
108.8
111.4
113.6
Crane operators:
Male---------- --------------------------
Cupola tenders:
Male---------- -------------------------
Laborers:
Male___________________ ____
Female______________________
Molders, hand, bench:
M ale.—-------------- -----------------
Molders, hand, floor:
Male________________________
Molders, machine:
Male________________________
Molders’ helpers, floor:
Male________________________
Pattern makers:
Male________________________
Rough carpenters:
Male________________________
1 Data included in total for all occupations.
0)
0)
3
INTRODUCTION AND SUMMARY
T a b le
1.— Average hours and earnings, with index numbers, 1923 to 1929, by
occupation and sex— Continued
FOUNDRIES—Continued
Occupation and sex
Year
Index numbers of—
Aver Aver Aver
age
Num Num
age
age
full
ber of ber of full earn
time Full Earn Full
estab employ
time ings earn
time
time
lish
hours per
earn
ees
ings hours ings
per
per
ments
per
per
ings
hour
week
week week hour
per
week
By O ccupation—Continued
Sand blasters: *
M ale.____ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Other employees:
Male__ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ___
Female *______ . . . . __________
1927
1929
175
183
362
337
1923
1925
1927
1929
1923
1927
1929
304
378
365
360
2
15
5
2,737
4,250
4,254
4,725
2
107
5
51.7 $0.591 $30.55
.592 30.72
51.9
53.6
52.7
51.0
51.2
51.0
50.6
50.5
.503
.576
.587
.592
.205
.380
.492
26.96
30.36
29.94
30.31
10.46
19.23
24.85
100.0
98.3
95.1
95.5
100.0
99.2
99.0
100.0
114.5
116. 7
117.7
100.0
185.4
240.0
100.0
112.6
111.1
112.4
100.0
183.8
237.6
50.8 $0,560 $28.45
50.4
.604 30.44
.629 31. 51
50.1
.641 32.24
50.3
100.0
99.2
98.6
99.0
100.0
107.9
112.3
114.5
100.0
107.0
110.8
113.3
MACHINE SHOPS
T h e Industry
All occupations:
Males. _____ ________________
1923
1925
1927
1929
Females_____________________
1923
1925
1927
1929
Males and females____________
1923
1925
1927
1929
429 58,506
511 85,199
526 85,309
508 89,935
19
36
50
56
408
1,075
1,470
1,556
49.1
49.3
48.9
49.3
.366
.420
.403
.399
17.97
20.71
19.71
19.67
100.0
100.4
99.6
100.4
100.0
114.8
110.1
109.0
100.0
115.2
109.7
109.5
429 58,914
511 86,274
526 86,779
508 91,491
50.8
50.4
50.1
50.3
.559
.602
.625
.638
28.40
30.34
31.31
32.09
100.0
99.2
98.6
99.0
100.0
107.7
111.8
114.1
100.0
106.8
110.2
113.0
50.6 $0.575 $29.10
.634 31.45
49.6
.653 32.72
50.1
50.1
.657 32.92
100.0
98.0
99.0
99.0
100.0
110.3
113.6
114.3
100.0
108.1
112.4
113.1
B y O ccupation
Assemblers:
Male___
Female______________________
Blacksmiths:
Male___ _
Blacksmiths* helpers:
Male____________
Boring-mill operators:
Crane operators:
Female..,
1923
1925
1927
1929
310
306
368
335
5,681
7,151
8,019
7,670
1923
1925
1927
1929
6
9
14
20
54
150
120
190
50.2
50.7
49.5
49.8
.350
.444
.423
.441
17.57
22.51
20.94
21.96
100.0
101.0
98.6
99.2
100.0
126.9
120.9
126.0
100.0
128.1
119.2
125.0
1923
1925
1927
1929
345
395
406
397
797
885
845
857
50.8
50.2
50.2
50.1
.678
.717
.726
.742
34.44
35.99
36.45
37.17
100.0
98.8
98.8
98.6
100.0
105.8
107.1
109.4
100.0
104.5
105.8
107.9
1923
1925
1927
1929
282
298
291
285
945
857
722
800
50.8
50.5
50.2
49.9
.489
.504
.525
.534
24.84
25.45
26.36
26.65
100.0
99.4
98.8
98.2
100.0
103.1
107.4
109.2
100.0
102.5
106.1
107.3
1923
1925
1927
1929
271
341
354
372
1,455
2,135
2,208
2,333
50.8
50.4
50.7
51.1
.660 33.53
.688 34.68
.727 1 36.86
.750 38.33
100.0
99.2
99.8
100.6
100.0
104.2
110.2
113.6
100.0
103.4
109.9
114.3
1923
1925
1927
1929
167
214
218
233
525
754
865
980
51.1
50.7
51.2
50.7
.501 25.60
.524 26.57
.540 27.65
.555 ( 28.14
100.0
99.2
100.2
99.2
100.0
104.6
107.8
110.8
100.0
103.8
108.0
109.9
1927
1929
2
2
4
7
51.3
50.7
.431 |22.11
.425 21.55
* Included with “ Other employees” in 1923 and 1925.
* Included with “ Laborers” in 1925.
WAGES AND HOTJRS— FOUNDRIES AND MACHINE SHOPS
T a b l e 1 .—
Average hours and earnings, with index numbers, 1928 to 1929, by
occupation and sex— Continued
MACHINE: SHOPS—Continued
Occupation and sex
Year
Aver Index numbers of—
Aver
age
Num Num age Aver
full
age
Full
ber of ber of full earn time
!
estab employ time ings earn Fulltime
time Earn
lish- i'
ings
hours per
earn
ings hours per
ings
per
ments j ees
per
per
hour
week
per
week week hour week
By O ccupation-C ontinued
Drfll-press operators:
Male________________________
Female------- ----- ------ ------ . . ----
Fitters and bench hands:
Male____ ____________________
Grinding-machine operators:
Male...................... - ......... .........
Female«_____ - ___ . . . . . . . . ___
Hammersmiths: •
Male _____________________ —
Helpers, not otherwise specified: •
Male............................................
Laborers:
Male..................................... ......
1923
1925
1927
1929
350
423
433
440
1923
1925
1927
1929
5
16
22
17
1923
1925
1927
1929
3,634
50.8 $0.527 $26.77
5,012
50.4
.579 29.18
4,759 1 50.1
.605 30. 31
5,291
50.3
.628 31.59
33 49.5
93 49.0
121 ! 49.4
77 49.2
271 | 4,721
388 8,157
332 6,661
367
7,715
100.0
109.9
114.8
119.2
100.0
109.0
113.2
118.0
.410
.477
.448
.410
20.30
23.37
22.13
20.17
100.0
99.0
99.8
99.4
100.0
116.3
109.3
100.0
100.0
115.1
109.0
99.4
49.9
49.8
49.5
49.8
.616
.643
.662
.677
30.74
32.02
32.77
33.71
100.0
99.8
99.2
99.8
100.0
104.4
107.5
109.9
100.0
104.2
106.6
109.7
.420
.468
.411
.450
20.58
23.07
20.14
21.87
100.0
100.6
100.0
99.2
100.0
111.4
97.9
107.1
100.0
112.1
97.9
106.3
100.0
108.3
113.1
120.8
52.0
48.6
50.6
.586 29.59 100.0 100.0
.637 32.04
99.6 108.7
. 668 33.47
99.2 114.0
701 |35. 75 , 101.0 119.6
(
.310 1 16.12 100.0 i 100.0
.444 21. 58 93.5 , 143.2
.343 I 17.36 , 97.3 1 110.6
1923
1925
1927
1929
4
14
20
14
60 49.0
146 ' 49.3
341 Ii 49.0
175 48.6
1923
1925
1927
1929
221
267
298
313
1,255 | 50.5
2,016 !I 50.3
2,285 : 50.1
2,888
51.0
1923
1927
1929
2
5
7
2
15
19
100.0
99.2
98.6
99.0
100.0
133.9
107.7
i.. . . . . .
1929
52
226
50.3
.888
44.67
1929
322
3,443
50.2
.514
25.80
1923
1925
1927
1929
375
439
459
452
8,355
9,833
8,342
8,506
51.1
50.6
50.4
50.5
.418
.456
.456
.469
21.35
23.07
22.98
23.68
100.0
99.0
98.6.
98.8
100.0
109.1
109.1
112.2
100.0
108.1
107.6
110.9
1923
1929
5
3
30
11
48.2
50.8
.323
.349
15.57
17.73
100.0
105.4
100.0
108.0
100.0
113.9
1923
1925
1927
1929
347
401
414
421
4,421
5,856
5,964
5,640
50.9
50.3
50.2
50.3
.633
.663
.695
.717
32.22
33.35
34.89
36.07
100.0
98.8
98.6
98.8
100.0
104.7
109.8
113.3
100.0
103.5
108.3
111.9
Female__________ . . . . . . . __
Lathe operators, turret:
Male____ ____________ _______
1927
2
7
48.4
.385
18.63
1923
1925
1927
1929
251
328
343
359
2,147
3,393
3,167
3,855
50.5
50.2
50.0
50.5
.610
.647
.675
.700
30.81
32.48
33.75
35.35
100.0
99.4
99.0
100.0
100.0
106.1
110.7
114.8
100.0
105.4
109.5
114.7
F e m a le ......._________ - ___ . .
1925
1927
1929
3
8
3
27
46
13
49.9
50.0
48.9
.488
.549
.432
24.35
27.45
21.12
1923
1925
1927
1929
331
374
395
379
2,952
3,820
3,794
3,036
50.0
49.9
49.5
49.8
.683
.702
.728
.739
34.15
35.03
36.04
36.80
100.0
99.8
99.0
99.6
100.0
102.8
106.6
108.2
100.0
102.6
105.5
107.8
Female7, ____________________
Lathe operators, engine:
Male_____ ___________________
Machinists:
Male............................................
* Included with “ Other employees ” in 1925.
* Included with “ Other skilled employees” in 1923, 1925, and 1927.
* Included with “ Other employees” in 1923, 1925, and 1927.
vIncluded with “ Other employees" in 1925 and 1927.
i
" *i______
5
INTRODUCTION AND SUMMARY
T a b le
1.— Average hours and earnings, with index numbers, 1923 to 1929, by
occupation and sex— Continued
MACHINE SHOPS—Continued
Occupation and sex
Year
Num Num
ber of ber of
estab employ
lish
ees
ments
Aver Aver Aver
age
age
full
age
full
time
time earn
earn
hours ings
per
ings
per
hour
per
week
week
Index numbers of—
Full Earn Full
time
time
earn
hours ings
per
ings
per
per
week hour week
B y O ccupation—Continued
Machinists' and toolmakers’ help
ers:
Male...........................................
1923
1925
1927
1929
251
262
269
229
1,616
1,641
1,671
1,006
i
50.4 $0.464 $23.39
49.8
.494 24.60
50.1
.510 25.55
50.3
.504 25.35
100.0
98.8
99.4
99.8
100.0
106.5
109.9
108.6
100.0
105.2
109.2
308.4
1923
1925
1927
1929
268
339
343
358
1,938
2,925
2,872
3,440
50.0
49.7
49.7
50.2
.605
.653
.685
.697
30.25
32.45
34.04
34.99
100.0
99.4
99.4
100.4
100.0
107.9
113.2
115.2
100.0
107.3
112.5
115.7
1925
1927
1929
7
3
5
32
17
15
49.4
48.8
47.6
.497
.489
.504
24.55
23.86
23.99
1925
1927
1929
274
288
239
1,488
1,793
1,455
50.5
50.1
50.0
.520
.537
.547
26.26
26.90
27.35
1925
1927
1929
10
7
15
68
44
50
49.7
49.5
49.0
.354
.389
.371
17.59
19.26
18.18 __
1927
1929
235
288
1,228
1,652
49.6 | .841
49.9
.846
41.71
42.22
1923
1925
1927
1929
272
327
339
344
1,339
1,838
1,818
1,963
50.6
50.2
50.5
50.7
. 663
.705
.742
.754
33.55
35.39
37.47
38.23
M ale-----------------------
1927
1929
109
115
580
587
49.4
50.1
.699
.674
34.53
33.77
Female............................
Screw-machine operators:11
Male................................
1927
3
6
49.0
.450
22.05
1923
1925
1927
177
215
213
1,047
1,482
1,520
50.6
49.8
49.8
.564
.643
.664
28.54
32.02
33.07
Milling-machine operators:
Male...........................
Packers and craters: 9
Male......................
Female..
Pattern makers:9
M a le ...........
Planer operators:
Male_______
Polishers and buffers:10
Female.......................................
Screw-machine operators, hand:12
Male................. ........................
Female........................................
Screw-machine operators, semi
automatic: la
Male......... .....
... ____
Screw-machine oj>eralors, automa
tic: «
M ale..
____
Sheet-metal machine operators:10
Male............................................
Female .
Tool makers:
Male____
1927
3
10
48.7
.435
21.18
1929
155
966
50.2
.676
33.94
1929
2
18
49.5
.426
21.09
1929
41
171
51.5
.644
33.17
3929
144
762
51.4
. 758
38.96
J927
1929
J37
149
867
1,136
50.2
49.4
.603
.630
30.27
31.12
1927
1929
12
9
167
63
48.7
48.9
.420
.440
20.45
21.52
1923
1925
1927
1929
274
346
354
350
1,661
2,573
2,863
2,850
50.4
50.0
49.7
50.0
.693
.727
.756
.780
34.93
36.35
37.57
39.00
1
!..........
_____ i______
!1
100.0 100.0
99.2 ' 106.3
99.8 111. 9
100.2 ,1 113.7
i
|
100.0
98.4
98.4
1
100.0
114.0
117.7
100.0
112.2
115.9
I
...........i
100.0
99.2
98.6
99.2
100.0
104.9
109.1
112.6
s Included with “ Laborers” in 1923.
Included with “ Other skilled employees” in 1923 and 1.925.
10 Included with “ Other machine operators” in 1923 and 1925.
11 This occupation was divided in 192!*, into 3 groups: Hand, semiautomatic, and automatic.
12 Included with 4‘ Screw-mnehi tie operators” in 1923, 1925, and 1927.
100.0
105.5
111.7
113.9
100.0
104.1
107.6
111.7
6
WAGES AND HOTJRS— FOUNDRIES AND MACHINE SHOPS
T a b le
1.—Average hours and earnings, with index numbers, 1923 to 1929, by
occupation and sex— Continued
MACHINE SHOPS—Continued
Occupation and sex
Year
Aver Aver Aver
age
Num Num
age
full
age
ber of ber of full
earn
time
estab employ time ings earn
lish
hours per
ees
ings
ments
per
per
week hour week
Index numbers of—
Full Earn Full
time
time
earn
hours ings
per
ings
per
per
week hour week
B y O ccupation—Continued
Other machine operators:13
Male.......................................—
1923
1925
289
371
2,670
4,066
Female................. - ..................... 1923
1925
Other precision-machine operators:10
Male___ - ______ - ____ _____ __ 1927
1929
6
16
Female_____________ - _—____
Other skilled employees:
Male..................................... ......
Female______________________
Other employees:
Male________________________
Female______________________
50.5 $0. 556 $28.08
50.5
.630 31.82
100.0
100.0
100.0
113.3
100.0
113.3
76
201
48.2
48.8
.422
.441
20.34
21.52
100.0
101.2
100.0
104.5
100.0
105.8
316
301
2,001
1,813
50.5
51.0
.659
.655
33.28
33.41
1927
1929
8
11
122
211
49.3
48.8
.330
. 428
16.27
20.89
1923
1925
1927
1929
356
458
468
470
5,312
9,602
11,113
10,786
50.9
50.4
50.1
50.3
.618
.647
.650
.686
31.46
32.61
32.57
34.51
100.0
99.0
98.4
98.8
100.0
104.7
105.2
111.0
100.0
103.7
103.5
109.7
1923
1925
1927
1929
4
13
27
25
36
215
317
409
51.3
48.9
47.7
50.0
.313
.372
.401
.375
16.06
18.19
19.13
18.75
100.0
95.3
93.0
97.5
100.0
118.8
128.1
119.8
100.0
113.3
119.1
116.7
1923
1925
1927
1929
386
498
487
467
6,035
9,715
9,352
8,108
52.0
52.5
50.3
50.3
.459
.514
.526
.488
23.87
26.99
26.46
24.55
100.0
101.0
96.7
96.7
100.0
112. 0
114.6
106.3
100.0
113.1
110.9
102.8
1923
1925
1927
1929
8
23
20
18
117
143
133
298
48.7
49.2
49.3
49.0
.325
.352
.309
.345
15.83
17.32
15.23
16.91
100.0
101.0
101.2
100.6
100.0
108.3
95.1
106.2
100.0
109.4
96.2
106.8
w Included with “ Other machine operators ” in 1923 and 1925.
» This occupation was divided in 1927, into 2 groups: Sheet-metal machine operators and other precisionmachine operators.
Index numbers of average full-time hours per week, average earn
ings per hour, and full-time earnings per week are shown in Table 1
with the 1923 average as the base or 100 per cent. The purpose of
these numbers is to make easy the comparison of the averages one year
with another over the period from 1923 to 1929. Examples: Average
full-time hours per week of males and females in all occupations in
foundries decreased from 5.24 or an index of 100 in 1923 to 51.5 or
an index of 98.3 in 1925; to 51.1 or an index of 97.5 in 1927; and to
an average of 51.0 or an index of 97.3 in 1929. Average earnings
per hour increased from an index of 100 in 1923 to 109.3 in 1925; to
111.8 in 1927 and 1929; and average full-time earnings per week in
creased from an index of 100 in 1923 to 107.5 in 1925, and to 109.1
in 1927; and decreased to 108.8 in 1929. The difference in the trend
of index numbers of average earnings per hour and average full-time
earnings per week is due to the changes from year to year of average
full-time hours per week.
Data for 1923 are presented in Table 1 for 32,166 wage earners in
351 foundries and 58,914 wage earners in 429 machine shops; for
INTRODUCTION AND SUMMARY
7
1925 for 40,393 wage earners in 413 foundries and 86,274 wage earn
ers in 511 machine shops; for 1927 for 38,943 wage earners in 417
foundries and 86,779 wage earners in 526 machine shops; and for
1929 for 40,391 wage earners in 399 foundries and 91,491 wage earn
ers in 508 machine shops. Males were employed in each of these
establishments. Females were employed in 22 of the 351 foundries
and in 19 of the 429 machine shops in 1923; in 43 of the 413 foundries
and in 36 of the 511 machine shops in 1925; in 42 of the 417 foundries
and in 50 of the 526 machine shops in 1927; and in 41 of the 399
foundries and in 56 of the 508 machine shops in 1929.
It was not practicable for the bureau to make a complete census of
all plants, but data were obtained from a sufficient number in each
State in which the industry is of material importance to represent
fairly the conditions in those States and in the country as a whole.
Care was taken not to obtain too many plants from the large indus
trial centers, and in cases of extremely large plants only a percentage
of the employees were used, so as not to give undue weight to such
plants. A very large proportion of the establishments covered in
1929 was also included in 1923, 1925, and 1927. The 28 States in
cluded in the study were determined by the number of wage earners
reported in the industry by the Census of Manufactures of the United
States, each having a sufficient number of wage earners in the in
dustry to warrant inclusion. Only 4 per cent of the total number
of wage earners were employed in the States not included in the
report.
Average fufl-time hours per week for males in all occupations in
foundries decreased from 52.4 in 1923 to 51.5 in 1925, to 51.1 in 1927;
and to 51.0 in 1929; and for females, decreased from 49.3 in 1923 to
49.0 in 1925 and 1927, and increased to 49.7 in 1929.
In 1929 average full-time hours per week by occupations for males
in foundries ranged from 49.6 for molders, hand, bench, to 52.2 for
crane operators, and those for females ranged from 49.1 for core
makers to 51.6 for laborers.
Average earnings per hour in foundries for males in all occupa
tions combined increased from 56 cents in 1923 to 61.2 cents in 1925,
to 62.6 cents in 1927, and decreased to 62.5 cents in 1929; and for
females increased from 40.4 cents in 1923 to 42.7 cents in 1925, to 45.9
cents in 1927, and decreased to 45.1 cents in 1929. Average earn
ings per hour by occupations for males in 1929 ranged from 49 cents
for laborers to 83.3 cents for pattern makers, and for females ranged
from 38.6 cents for laborers to 49.2 cents for the group designated as
“ Other employees.”
Average full-time earnings per week in foundries for males in all
occupations combined increased from $29.34 in 1923 to $31.52 in
1925, to $31.99 in 1927, and decreased to $31.88 in 1929; and for
females increased from $19.92 in 1923 to $20.92 in 1925, to $22.49
in 1927, and decreased to $22.41 in 1929; and for both sexes in all
occupations combined, or the industry, increased from $29.24 in 1923
to $31.42 in 1925, to $31.89 in 1927, and decreased to $31.82 in 1929.
Average full-time earnings per week by occupations for males in 1929
ranged from $25.53 for laborers to $41.73 for pattern makers.
8
WAGES AND IIOTJBS— FOUNDRIES AND MACHINE SHOPS
Data are-shown for females in foundries for core makers and laborers
only, and for a miscellaneous group designated “ Other employees.”
Table 2 presents for each sex and for both sexes combined in each
State, in foundries and in machine shops, the number of establish
ments and wage earners included in the 1927 and the 1929 studies,
average full-time hours per week, average earnings per hour, and
average full-time earnings per week.
Average full-time hours of males in foundries ranged by States from
45.3 to 54.5 per week in 1927 and from 45.9 to 56.4 per week in 1929.
Averages of females ranged from 45.6 to 51.6 per week in 1927 and
from 45.7 to 53.0 per week in 1929. In machine shops averages of
males ranged from 45.0 to 54.3 per week in 1927 and from 45.9 to
54.1 per week in 1929, and averages of females ranged from 43.0 to
51.6 per week in 1927 and from 47.1 to 51.6 per week in 1929.
Average earnings per hour of males in foundries ranged by States
from 39.1 to 74.0 cents in 1927, and from 39.6 to 74.5 cents m 1929.
Averages of females ranged from 40.5 to 53.7 cents in 1927 and from
36.6 to 52.4 cents in 1929. In machine shops, averages of males
ranged from 43.3 to 74.6 cents in 1927 and from 43.4 to 77.9 cents in
1929. Averages of females ranged from 34.5 to 46.7 cents in 1927
and from 35.7 to 42.4 cents per hour in 1929.
Average full-time earnings per week of males in foundries ranged
by States from $21.31 to $34.71 in 1927 and from $20.95 to $35.11 in
1929. Averages of females ranged from $19.89 to $26.21 in 1927
and from $17.75 to $23.95 in 1929. In machine shops averages of
males ranged from $23.51 to $34.32 in 1927 and from $22.70 to
$35.76 in 1929. Averages of females ranged from $17.01 to $23.44
in 1927 and from $17.85 to $21.31 per week in 1929.
T a b l e 2 .—
Number of establishments and of wage earners, and average hours and
earnings, 1927 and 1929, by sex and State
FOUNDRIES
Sex and State
Number of
establish
ments
Number of
employees
Average
full-time
hours per
week
1927
1929
1927
1929
1927
4
21
3
16
7
28
16
11
9
7
5
4
8
28
39
5
12
8
17
25
52
4
18
3
16
8
28
16
9
9
7
4
4
7
28
37
265
1,065
266
1,537
493
2,835
2,419
755
228
159
219
182
486
3,141
4,389
439
667
195
2,380
2,747
4,550
190
1,185
307
1,629
427
3,636
2,446
959
260
204
246
248
421
2,408
4,334
457
764
143
2,353
3,392
4,323
54.1 53.5
46.9 45.9
47.0 49.2
52.2 50.8
54.5 52.9
49.5 50.5
50.9 52.6
53.2 52.9
53.9 55.1
48.9 50.6
49.7 156.4
50.8 50.7
52.1 50.9
49.6 48.7
51.7 51.9
53.2 52.0
51.4 52.1
49.6 50.9
52.0 50.6
50.5 50.1
52.2 51.8
1929
Average earn
ings per hour
Average full
time weekly
earnings
1927
1929
1927
1929
$0.453
.740
.577
.592
.391
.669
.589
.615
.474
.500
.481
.589
.554
.677
.640
.596
.629
.635
.627
.657
.630
$0,456
.745
.596
.611
.396
.665
.590
.614
.480
.512
.436
.555
.558
.681
.644
.555
.610
.599
.636
.647
.625
$24.51
34.71
27.12
30.90
21.31
33.12
29.98
32.72
25.55
24.45
23.91
29.92
28.86
33.58
33.09
31.71
32.33
31.50
32.60
33.18
32.89
$24.40
34.20
29.32
31.04
20.95
33.58
31.03
32.48
26.45
25.91
24.59
28.14
28.40
33.16
33.42
28.86
31.78
30.49
32.18
32.41
32.38
MALES
Alabama__________________
California__________________
Colorado___________ _______
Connecticut.................- .........
Georgia......... ..........................
Illinois.....................................
Indiana...................................
Kansas....................................
Kentucky............ .................
Louisiana................................
Maine................................... Maryland...............................
Massachusetts ......................
Michigan................................
Minnesota..............................
Missouri...................- .............
New Hampshire.....................
New Jersey.............................
New York_________________
6
15
6
16
28
44
i Increase due to change by one establishment from 44 hours per week in 1927 to 54 in 1929, affecting a
considerable number of wage earners. Identical plants covered in both years.
9
INTRODUCTION AND SUMMARY
T a b l e 3 .—
Number of establishments and of wage earners, and average hours and
earnings, 1927 and 1929, by sex and State— Continued
FOUNDRIES—Continued
Sex and State
Number of
establish*
ments
Average
full-time
hours per
week
Number of
employees
Average earn
ings per hour
Average full
time weekly
earnings
1927
1929
1927
1929
1927
1929
1927
1929
208 45.3
5,285 51.1
1,066 51.5
382 49.5
278 51.2
316 46.9
2,165 52.3
46.1
51.6
51.5
49.2
49.8
48.3
51.2
$0,659
.625
.611
.470
.470
.693
.636
$0,677
.608
.612
.461
.488
.727
.644
$29.85
31.94
31.47
23.27
24.06
32.50
33.26
$31.21
31.32
31.57
7
13
224
5,086
731
419
439
271
1,917
399
38,504
51.0
.626
.625
31.99
31.88
.447
.434
26.21
20.80
21.90
21.70
.412
(2)
.427
20.96
22.75
22.39
"26."60
(*)
.466
.489
.366
.408
.524
22.19 ” 23.’ 21
22.85
23.86
19.89
(2)
20.41
17.75
20.49
21.62
24.25
23.95
1927
1929
Oregon.....................................
Pennsylvania_________. ____
Rhode Island____ __________
Tennessee_________________
Texas___________ __________
Washington............................
Wisconsin................... ...........
7
40
7
5
39
9
7
7
13
Total.............................
417
hales —continued
8
10
6
40,032
51.1
22.68
24.30
35.11
32.97
!
FEMALES
1
Georgia..,_______ . . . . . . . . . . .
........................... .
Indiana...................................
Iow a ...__ . . . . . . . . . . ___ . . . . . .
Kentucky.........1................ ....
Massachusetts........................
M ich igan.............................
M innesota...__ ______ . . . . . .
New Jersey......... ............ . . .
New York............ ............ .
Ohio........................................
Pennsylvania......... ........... . . .
Rhode Isla n d ....—............ .
Wisconsin...............................
2
8
1
4
7
2
3
2
4
Total.............................
4
Illinois...
5
2
1
2
2
2
60
59
(*)
29
39
3
4
5
1
2
3
5
® .
7
84
(#)
57
63
23
33
10
31
42
41
439
359
Alabama.................................
California........................... ....
Colorado..................................
Connecticut............................
Georgia....... ............................
Illinois....... ............................
Indiana...............................
Iowa........................................
Kansas....................................
Kentucky...............................
Louisiana................................
Maine___ : ........................ . . .
Maryland-..............................
Massachusetts........................
Michigan................................
Minnesota..............................
Missouri..................................
New Hampshire.....................
New Jersey.............................
New Y o rk .............................
Ohio........................................
Oregon.....................................
Pennsylvania.........................
Rhode Island..........................
Tennessee................................
Texas.......................................
Washington._____ _________
Wisconsin______. . . ...... .........
4
21
3
16
7
28
16
11
9
7
5
4
8
28
39
5
12
8
17
25
52
7
40
8
7
10
7
13
4
18
3
16
8
28
16
9
9
7
4
4
7
28
37
6
15
6
16
28
44
5
39
9
7
6
7
13
265
1,065
266
1,537
493
2,895
2,478
758
228
164
219
182
486
3,148
4,473
443
667
195
2,437
2,810
4,573
224
5,119
741
419
439
271
1,948
190
1,185
307
1,629
429
3,665
2,485
959
260
207
246
248
421
2,410
4,439
457
764
143
2,403
3,446
4,331
208
5,304
1,077
382
278
316
2,202
Total________________
417
399
38,943
40,391
1
10
(*)
105
50
54
(*)
19
11
37
48.8
50.0
(2)
(*>
49.0
50.0
47.0 "solo
48.0
(*)
51.6 51.5
(2)
49.2 '49.Y
45.6 48.8
49.0
48.7 48?5
50.6 53.0
46.9 45.7
.537
.416
(*)
.446
.474
.434
(2)
.451
.501
.406
.419
.405
.517
(*)
(2)
(2)
(*)
(*)
21.99
49.7
.459
.451
22.49
22.41
54.1 53.5
46.9 45.9
47.0 49.2
52.2 50.8
54.5 52.9
49.5 50.5
50.9 52.5
53.2 52.9
53.9 55.1
48.8 50.6
49.7 *56.4
50.8 50.7
52.1 50.9
49.6 48.7
51.7 51.9
53.1 52.0
51.4 52.1
49.6 50.9
51.9 50.5
50.4 50.1
52.2 51.8
45.3 46.1
51.1 51.6
51.5 51.5
49.5 49.2
51.2 49.8
46.9 48.3
52.2 51.1
.453
.740
.577
.592
.391
.666
.586
.614
.474
.498
.481
.589
.554
.677
.636
.594
.629
.635
.623
.654
.629
.659
.624
.608
.470
.470
.693
.634
.456
.745
.596
.611
.395
.663
.587
.614
.480
.510
.436
.555
.558
.680
.640
.555
.610
.599
.633
.644
.625
.677
.607
.610
.461
.488
.727
.643
24.51
34.71
27.12
30.90
21.31
32.97
29.83
32.66
25.55
24.30
23.91
29.92
28.86
33.58
32.88
31.54
32.33
31.50
32.33
32.96
32.83
29.85
31.89
31.31
23.27
24.06
32.50
33.09
24.40
34.20
29 32
31.04
20.90
33.48
30.82
32.48
26.45
25.81
24.59
28.14
28.40
33.12
33.22
28.86
31.78
30.49
31.97
32.26
32.38
31.21
31.32
31.42
22.68
24.30
35.11
32.86
51.1
.624
.624
31.89
31.82
49.0
HALES AND FEMALES
51.0
1Increase due to change by one establishment from 44 hours per week in 1927 to 54 in 1929, affecting a
considerable number of wage earners. Identical plants covered in both years.
» Included in totaL
10
WAGES AND HOURS— FOUNDRIES AND MACHINE SHOPS
T a b le
2•— Number of establishments and of wage earners, and average hours and
earnings, 1927 and 1929, by sex and State— Continued
MACHINE SHOPS
Sex and State
Number of
establish
ments
1927
MALES
Alabama . _______________
California . ______________
Colorado_____. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Connecticut.. .. - _________
G e orgia....._________ — —
Xllinnis, ___
_________
In d ia n a ......__ — _________
Io w a _. . . . . . . . . . . . . . _——_
Kansas
- __________
Kentucky.________________
Louisiana............
1929
6
27
Massachusetts_____________
Michigan. ________________
Minnesota _
_ _______
Missouri__________________
New Hampshire___________
New Jersey________________
New Y o rk .._______________
Ohio........................................
Oregon.. ___
Pennsylvania__ _____ _____
Rhode Island___________ __
Tennessee___________ ______
Texas_______ ____________ Washington_______________
Wisconsin___. . . . . . . . . . ____ _
19
8
38
16
9
10
9
6
4
8
40
36
6
21
9
31
26
89
6
45
13
8
14
7
15
Total________________
526
Number of
employees
1927
1929
284
365
6
2,133
23 2,239
654
2
19 "§,'416" 4,104
8
336
332
36 10,086 11,149
2,965
16 2,944
773
1,032
6
309
10
436
407
624
10
252
217
5
4
466
650
725
705
7
38 7,707
7,673
5,580
36 5,626
656
8
856
1,343
1,153
19
657
535
6
3,624
38 4,016
32 8,740
8,958
85 13,980 13,965
313
6
396
48 11,977 12,537
1,851
10
3,104
458
8
540
853
10
742
481
732
7
15 4,333
4,255
85,309
Average
full-time
hours per
week
Average earn
ings per hour
1927
1927
1929
1929
Average full
time weekly
earnings
1927
1929
54.2
46.0
50.0 $0,543 $0,551 $29.43 $27.55
45.9
.746
.779
34.32
35.76
48.1
.619
29.77
’ 50.9" 51.0 "’ "."639"
.639
32."5§’ 32.59
54.3 52.3
.433
.434
23.51
22.70
.685
49.7 50.0
.691
34.04
34.55
.566
.564
50.9 51.0
28.81
28.76
.515
.552
27.19
52.8 54.1
29.86
.518
.508
51.1 54.1
26.47
27.48
.554
.526
47.3 50.7
26.20
26.67
51.5 54.1
.566
.489
29.15
26.45
.544
47.8 49.0
.555
26.53
26.66
.605
.656
28.86
47.7 50.0
32.80
48.9 49.3
.611
.630
29.88
31.06
.639
51.2 51.9
.627
32.10
33.16
.593
.578. 29.71
50.1 50.4
29.13
.574
.576
29.55
51.3 51.4
29.50
.625
50.2 49.0
.638
32.03
30.63
.647
.685
49.5 49.5
32.03
33.91
.662
.683
32.11
48.5 48.7
33.26
.619
31.14
.646
50.3 50.1
32.36
.701
.691
31.55
32.62
45.0 47.2
.622
.615
31.85
51.2 51.7
31.80
.594
29.94
50.4 50.8
.592
30.07
49.2 50.8
.540
.550
26.57
27.94
49.8 47.6
.531
.583
26.44
27.75
.714
.732
33.70
47.2 47.6
34.84
.602
52.6 51.6
31.67
.639
32.97
50.1
50.3
.629
.641
31.51
32.24
7
<*>
47
56
49
(*)
(a)
<*>
(*)
84 ....... 95”
10
345
261
10
1
(2)
(2)
Jersey
81
2
45
6
277
411
7
287
302
5
192
153
2
111
67
1
(2)
CO
(*)
51.6
(*>
(2)
(*>
47.9
50.2
(2)
50.0
48.1
49.3
48.1
43.0
50.0
50.7
50.0
(2)
(*)
.391
(2)
(2)
(2)
.434
.467
(2)
.377
.389
.345
.398
.445
.424
.377
.357
(2)
(2)
20.18
(2)
(2)
(i)
20.79
23.44
(2)
18.85
18.71
17.01
19.14
19.14
21.20
19.11
17.85
(2)
50
56
1,556
48.9
6
27
6
23
2
19
8
36
16
6
10
10
5
4
7
38
36
8
19
284
2,133
654
"3,419" 4,111
336
332
10,133 11,205
2,976
3,014
773
1,032
309
436
429
652
252
217
467
650
725
705
7,768
7,791
5,971
5,841
656
856
1,343
1,153
54.2
46.0
508
89,935
FEMALES
Connecticut_______________
Illinois____________________
Tnriinnft___________________
Kentucky_________________
Maine_____________________
Massachusetts____________ _
Michigan.____________ ____
New Hampshire_____ -_____
__ ____________ _
New York____ ___________ _
Ohio........................................
Pennsylvania_____________ Rhode Island______________
Tennessee_________________
Wisconsin____ . . . . . _____ __
Total________________
1
2
1
1
1
8
16
1
New
2
3
6
5
2
1
2
6
3
1
1,470
00
4 7 .r
51.6
(2)
50.0
47.8
49.2
48.4
51.1
(2)
."414’
.411
(2)
.397
.408
.382
.423
.417
(2)
(2)
19.50
21.21
(2)
19.86
19.50
18.79
20.47
21.31
(2)
(2)
49.3
.403
.399
19.71
50.0
45.9
48.1
50.9" 51.0
54.3 52.3
49.7 50.0
50.8 51.0
52.8 54.1
51.1 54.1
47.4 50.9
51.5 54.1
47.8 49.0
47.7 50.0
48.9 49.3
, 51.2 51.8
50.1 50.4
1 51.3 51.4
.543
.746
29.43
.551
34.32
.779
.619
.639 "’ 32.53~
.434
23.51
33.99
.689
.561
28.65
.552
27.19
.508
26.47
.512
25.60
.489
29.15
.544
26.48
.656
28.86
.628
29.78
31.69
.630
.578
29.71
.674
29.65
19.67
MALES AND FEMALES
Alabama___ _______________
C a liforn ia ........__________
Colorado___ . . . . . . . . . _______
Connecticut_______________
Georgia____ _______________
Illinois__ . . . . . . . __________ _
Indiana,_. . . . . _____________
Iowa____. . . . . . . ___________
Kansas________________ __
Kentucky_________________
Louisiana_________________
Maine__________________ . . .
Maryland____ ____________
Massachusetts_____________
Michigan_______________ . . .
Minnesota_________________
Missouri................................ .
* Included in total
19
8
38
16
9
10
9
6
4
8
40
36
6
21
365
2,239
.639
.433
.684
.564
.515
.518
.540
.566
.554
.605
.609
.619
.593
.576
27.55
35.76
29.77
32.59
22.70
34.45
28.61
29.86
27.48
26.06
26.45
26.66
32.80
30.96
32.63
29.13
29.60
11
AVERAGE AND CLASSIFIED EARNINGS PER HOUR
T a b l e 2 .— Number
of establishments and of wage earners, and average hours and
earnings, 1927 and 1929, by sex and State— Continued
M ACHINE SHOPS-Continued
Number of
establish
ments
Number of
employees
Average
full-time
hours per
week
1927
1929
1927
1929
1927
1929
1927
1929
1927
1929
New Hampshire___________
New Jersey________________
New York...............................
Ohio........................................
Oregon................................
Pennsylvania..........................
Rhode Island..........................
Tennessee................................
Texas.......................................
Washington......................... .
Wisconsin...............................
9
31
26
89
45
13
8
14
7
15
6
28
32
85
6
48
10
8
10
7
15
685
4,09>
9,017
14,267
313
12,169
1,918
458
853
481
4,337
572
3,669
9,369
14,267
396
12,690
3,215
541
742
732
4,255
50.2
49.5
48.5
50.3
45.0
51.1
50.2
49.2
49.8
47.2
52.6
49.0
49.5
48.6
50.1
47.2
51.7
50.8
50.8
47.6
47.6
51.6
$0,629
.642
.654
.614
.701
.619
.590
.540
.531
.714
.602
$0,610
.682
.672
.641
.691
.612
.586
.550
.583
.732
.639
$31.58
31.78
31.72
30.88
31.55
31.63
29.62
26.57
26.44
33.70
31.67
$29.89
33.76
32.66
32.11
32.62
31.64
29.77
27.94
27.75
34.84
32.97
Total________________
526
508
86,779
91,491
50.1
50.3
.625
.638
31.31
32.09
Sex and State
Average earn
ings per hour
Average full
time weekly
earnings
MALES AND FEMALES—Con.
6
The above table shows that average earnings per hour and average
full-time earnings per week of machine-shop employees in Alabama,
Georgia, Louisiana, Tennessee, and Texas were higher in 1927 and
1929 than the average of foundry employees in these States. Ma
chinists in these States were paid higher wages than in many other
States. Many of the shops in them have few or no “ machine oper
ators” or specialists, but on the other hand employ first-class machin
ists capable of operating, setting up, and repairing the various kinds
of machines used in machine-shop work and also the fitting and assem
bling of the various parts of machinery. The tables of this bulletin
show that while the total number of machine-shop wage earners
covered in the five Southern States are only 2.3 per cent of the total
covered in all States, the machinists covered in the five States are 6.1
per cent of the total number of machinists covered in all States, and
that the average earnings per hour for the machinists covered in the
five Southern States are $0,762, compared with $0,739 for all machin
ists in all States covered,
AVERAGE AND CLASSIFIED EARNINGS PER HOUR, BY
OCCUPATION
Table 3 shows average earnings per hour and the percentage dis
tribution, according to earnings, of employees in 8 representative
occupations in foundries and in 17 representative occupations in
machine shops in 1923, 1925, 1927, and 1929. The figures for the
wage earners in these occupations fairly represent the percentage
distribution, according to average earnings per hour, of the wage
earners in all occupations in foundries and machine shops. Data
in the table are for males in all of the 8 occupations in foun
dries and of the 17 occupations in machine shops and for females for
1 occupation only (core makers) in foundries. Average and classified
earnings per hour for the wage earners in this table are also shown
for each State in Table B, page 71.
12
WAGES AND HOURS— FOUNDRIES AND MACHINE SHOPS
The foundry wage workers in this table represent 85.6 per cent of
the total number covered in 1923, 84.3 per cent in 1925, and 82.5 per
cent of the number covered in 1927 and 1929. In machine shops the
number of wage workers shown in this table as compared with the total
number covered was 71.7 per cent in 1923, 67 per cent in 1925, 65.9
per cent in 1927, and 65.3 per cent in 1929.
Reading the figures for chippers and rough grinders in explanation
of the data in the table, it is seen that average earnings per hour
increased from an average of 46.5 cents in 1923 to 52.1 cents in 1925,
to 53.7 cents in 1927, and to 53.8 cents in 1929, and that the average
earnings per hour of 9 per cent of the 4,233 chippers and rough
grinders covered in 1929 were less than 40 cents per hour, of 29 per
cent were 40 and under 50 cents, of 34 per cent were 50 and under 60
cents, of 18 per cent were 60 and under 70 cents, and of 10 per cent
were 70 cents and over per hour.
s -—
Average and classified earnings per hour in 8 specified occupations in foundries and 17 in machine shops, 1923 to 1929, by sex
and year
FOUNDRIES
Occupation and sex
1
1
1
1
1
0)
0)
0)
0)
0)
0)
3
1
0)
2
1
0)
10
6
9
8
1
2
2
1
0)
0)
0)
(0
0)
0)
1
7
13
16
18
22
19
16
18
8
7
11
11
2
5
7
6
26
20
20
20
2
2
4
4
1
3
2
3
17
19
20
17
1
1
3
1
8
5
5
1
1
1
1
47
45
43
5
3
3
4
2
1
2
1
29
32
33
20
12
10
9
11
6
6
5
6
7
9
27
21
19
19
25
18
14
14
2
3
3
27
19
20
19
31
22
19
22
2
2
1
14
16
16
17
22
22
23
21
5
5
6
16
13
15
22
20
22
22
21
21
17
18
16
7
8 !1 38 28
9
7
33
29
2
4 1 42
35
2Not classified in 1923.
8
12
10
3
4
4
1
1
1
1
1
12
10
9
13
4
3
4
1
(0
0)1
0)
0)
0)
0)
0)
0)
0)
0)
(»)
0)
0)
0)
0)
0)
0)
C1)
(9
1
4
2
0)
3
2
1
0)
0)
0)
0
)
(1)
0)
0)
0)
0)
1
1
1
0)
1
1
1
4
14
16
15
(*)
(0
1
(*)
1
7
9
9
0)
1
4
16
17
18
5
19
22
22
10
14
11
0
)
(l)
0)
0)
(i)
?)
i)
(i)
0)
0)
0)
1
1
2
1
0)
0)
0)
0)
0)
0)
(l)
0)
0)
0)
2
8
10
11
3
9
12
14
2
2
2
(l)
1
1
1
6
7
6
1
1
1
0)
0)
0)
(i)
0)
0)
(1)
1
1
l
HOUR
25
33
36
34
19
13
12
12
20
20
22
21
0)
4
5
2
2
0)
42
34
31
29
9
6
4
6
25
30
28
26
1
0)
0)
(0
(»)
0)
12
6
4
4
1
1
1
1
15
16
10
11
6
2
2
3
1
PER
$0,465
.521
.537
.538
.690
.734
.755
.744
.431
.444
.491
.469
.428
.481
.491
.490
.687
.768
.789
.783
729
.802
.820
.828
.678
.733
.753
.734
.433
,460
.484
.502
EARNINGS
2,923
4,110
3,857
4,233
2,526
3,067
3,040
3,370
240
353
324
280
9,265
10,931
11,017
10,980
2,379
2,363
2,063
2,098
4,904
5,612
5,375
5,453
1,993
3,140
3,102
3,854
1,986
2,642
1,820
1,919
CLASSIFIED
1923
319
1925
383
1927
379
1929
367
Core makers:
M ale..—____ _______ ____ __. . . ____ . . . . . . . __ 1923
345
1925
393
1927
401
1929
387
Female________ _______ _________________ ____ 1923
22
1925
43
41
1927
1929
38
Laborers: *
343
Male.......................................................................... 1923
1925
389
401
1927
384
1929
Holders, hand, bench:
262
Male.......................................................................... 1923
1925
325
324
1927
321
1929
Molders. hand, floor:
Mule.......................................................................... 1923
346
1925
401
402
1927
1929
385
Molders, machine: *
Male.......................................................................... 1923
161
1925
229
1927
220
1929
249
Holders' helpers, floor:3
Mule.......................................................................... 1923
234
1925
285
1927
247
1929
251
* Less than 1 per cent.
AND
Chippers and rough grinders:
Male______________ - ..............................................
Year
Per cent of employees whose earnings per hour were—
Num
Aver
20
25 1 30
35
ber of Number age
40
60
70
50
80
90
estab of em
earn Un and and | and and and and and and and cents $1 $1.25 $1.50
lish ployees ings per der 20 under under under under under under under under under and and and and
ments
70
80
hour cents 25
30
35
40
50
60
90 under under under over
cents cents cents cents cents cents cents cents cents $1 $1.25 $1.50
AVEKAGE
0 K --o h m ‘ u
T a b l e 3«—
C1)
0)
0)
GO
and classified earnings per hour in 8 specified occupations in foundries and 17 in machine shops, 1923 to 19299 by sex
and year— Continued
Per cent of employees whose earnings per hour were—
1923
1925
1927
1929
283
346
259
191
1,314
1,827
1,512
1,127
$0,750
.804
.830
. 833
0)
0)
26
18
12
13
25
22
22
20
15
23
27
24
14
18
20
19
8
12
14
16
(')
11
9
10
27
24
21
31
30
27
18
22
25
8
9
10
2
3
3
1
1
1
0)
5
3
2
31
19
14
13
16
9
6
7
15
11
9
30
33
29
27
28
25
21
21
31
26
24
18
24
28
28
25
29
31
29
29
30
30
6
13
17
17
16
20
25
22
14
21
21
2
4
6
8
10
11
10
13
4
6
8
11
8
7
27
20
19
31
30
24
16
22
23
10
13
16
23
26
30
4
4
2
1
0)
m
6
1
»
1
1
2
0)
( l)
MACHINE SHOPS
Assemblers: *
Boring-mill operators: *
Grinding-machine operators:1
Male-------------------------------------. . . . . . . ----Laborers:1
1929
310
306
368
335
271
341
354
372
350
423
433
440
271
388
332
367
221
267
298
313
375
439
459
452
5,681
7,151
8,019
7,670
1,455
2,135
2,208
2,333
3,634
5,012
4,759
5,291
4,721
8,157
6,661
7,715
1,255
2.016
2,285
2,888
8,355
A QQQ
V, o 66
8,a42
8,506
$0. 575
.634
.653
.657
.660
.688
.727
.750
.527
.579
.605
.628
.616
.643
.662
.677
.586
.637
. 668
!701
. 418
A
. 400
A KA
. 400
.469
0)
0)
0)
0)
0)
0)
0)
0)
0)
0)
(0
0)
0)
0)
1
(0
0)
0)
0)
0)
0)
1
0)
0)
0)
0)
0)
0)
0)
0)
V)
0)
0)
0)
0)
1
0)
1
X
t
0)
8
0)
1
A
1
1
1
6
3
3
2
2
2
1
1
4
1
1
1
1
1
(0
0)
0)
0)
1
1
1
1
1
0)
3
i
4
4
10
8
8
58
56
48
0)
1
1
2
1
2
3
5
0)
0)
0)
0)
0)
0)
(l)
2
2
4
0)
0)
0)
0)
1
0)
1
1
2
ffl
©
0)
2
4
7
0)
t1)
1
3
0)
0)
(■)
AND
-
i
i
i
Fitters and bench hands:
Male----------- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
•
•
•
i
i
i
\
\
9
3
Drill press operators:
1923
1925
1927
1929
1923
1925
1927
1929
1923
1925
1927
1929
1923
1925
1927
1929
1923
1925
1927
1929
1923
1925
1927
8
(l)
Q
$
0)
0)
(»)
( A)
0)
0)
SHOPS
10
5
4
5
MACHINE
2
1
1
1
HOURS— FOUNDRIES
Pattern makers:
AND
Year
Occupation and sex
Aver
Num
90
80
60
70
50
40
35
25
20
30
ber of Number age
$1 $1.25
earn Un and and and and and and and and and cents and and $1.50
estab of em
lish ployees ings per der 20 under under under under under under under under under and under under and
90 under $1.25 $1.50 over
80
60
70
50
35
40
30
hour cents 25
ments
cents cents cents cents cents cents cents cents cents $1
WAGES
FOUNDRIES—Continued
14
T a b l e 3*— Average
Lathe 01
Male..
engine:
Lathe operators, turret:*
Pattern makers:1
Male______
Screw-machine operators:*
Male_______________ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1923
1925
1927
1929
251
328
343
359
2,147
3,393
3,167
3,855
.610
.647
.675
.700
(*)
1923
1925
1927
1929
331
374
395
379
2,952
3,820
3,794
3,036
.683
.702
.728
.739
1923
1925
1927
1929
251
262
269
229
1,616
1,641
1,671
1,006
.464
.494
.510
.504
1923
1925
1927
1929
268
339
343
358
1,938
2,925
2,872
3,440
.605
.653
.685
.697
1927
1929
235
288
1,228
1,652
.841
.846
1923
1925
1927
1929
272
327
339
344
1,339
1,838
1,818
1,963
.663
.705
.742
.754
1923
1925
1927
177
215
213
1,047
1,482
1,520
.564
.643
.664
1929
155
966
.676
41
171
.644
144
762
.758
1923
1925
1927
1929
274
346
354
350
1,661
2,573
2,863
2,850
. 6C3
.727
,756
.780
1 Less than 1 per cent.
* Not classified in 1923.
•Included with “ Other skilled employees” in 1923 and 1925.
1
0)
0)
1
1
1
(9
0)
0)
0)
0)
(9
11
6
5
3
27
22
16
14
29
32
29
27
20
23
28
26
7
12
16
19
10
9
7
25
19
16
30
25
26
20
24
26
11
15
16
3
2
1
2
15
13
9
8
36
35
31
28
28
29
32
31
13
16
18
18
35
37
41
39
37
35
11
15
12
2
3
4
17
8
6
7
28
25
18
17
27
31
28
25
16
20
27
26
7
12
13
15
1
3
3
10
11
22
23
29
26
13
17
8
3
2
2
23
16
11
10
32
31
26
24
23
27
28
29
10
15
19
20
2
9
7
27
22
31
29
21
26
8
10
30
21
14
(9
<9
(l)
0)
0)
0)
0)
1
(i)
(l)
0)
2
2
7
20
15
23
23
21
13
1
5
11
20
22
19
7
4
4
31
23
19
35
36
31
18
22
30
8
<9
(9
(9
0)
<9
0)
.
0)
1
1
3
3
4
(9
0)
0)
8
0)
HOUR
1929
1929
2
(l)
PER
Screw-machine operators, hand:#
Male.......................................................
Screw-machine operators, semiautomatic: *
Male.......................................................
Screw-machine operators, automatic:5
Male______ _________________ . . . . __
Toolmakers:*
Male_______________________________
(0
EARNINGS
Planer operators:
Male_______..
.633
.663 .
.695
.717
CLASSIFIED
Milling-machine operators:
Male_________________
4,421
5,856
5,964
5,640
AND
Machinists’ and tool makers’ helpers:*
Male____________________________
347
401
414
421
AVERAGE
Machinists:
Male___
1923
1925
1927
1929
<9
0)
4Not classified in 1923. This occupation was divided in 1929 into 3 groups: Hand, semiautomatic, and automatic.
* Included with “ Screw-machine operators” in 1923, 1925, and 1927.
16
WAGES AND HOURS— FOUNDRIES AND MACHINE SHOPS
REGULAR OR CUSTOMARY HOURS OF OPERATION
Table 4 shows the per cent of employees in each of 8 representative
occupations in foundries and of 17 in machine shops at each classified
group of full-time hours per week in 1923,1925,1927, and 1929, and
also shows for each of these occupations average full-time hours per
week in each of these years. For a distribution of the number of
employees in 1929 in each occupation and State, by full-time hours
per week, see Table O, page 91.
The regular or customary full-time hours per week are the number
of hours per shift that a foundry or a machine shop under normal
conditions is in operation without taking into consideration the hours
actually worked by individual employees during the period covered.
There was only one shift in the vast majority of the establishments
included in this report. Reading the figures for chippers and rough
grinders in explanation of the data in the table it is seen that full
time hours decreased from an average of 52.5 per week in 1923 to
51.5 in 1925 and to 51.1 in 1927, and then increased to 51.4 per week
in 1929; that the full-time hours of 1 per cent of the 4,233 chippers
and rough grinders covered in 1929 were under 44 per week, of 2 per
cent were 44 per week, of 8 per cent were over 44 and under 48 per
week, of 20 per cent were 48 per week, of 3 per cent were over 48
and under 50 per week, etc.; also that the full-time hours of 34 per
cent of the 4,233 wage earners in this occupation were less than 50
hours per week, of 22 per cent were 50 per week, and of 45 per cent
were over 50 per week.
T able 4.
Average and classified full-time hours per week in 8 specified occupations in foundries and 17 in machine shops, 192$ to 1929,
by sex and year
FOUNDRIES
Female_____ ______________________ _____
Molders, machine:
Male_______________________________ ___
Molders’ helpers, floor:
M a le ...___ . . . . . . . . ____ ______________ _
)Tacc
1 per
nAP oant
’ Less fhori
than 1
cent.
1
1
t1)
(0
1
2
2
2
4
6
W
0)
3
2
3
2
4
4
13
8
9
5
0)
i
i
3
2
3
0)
2
3
2
6
8
8
1
6
6
10
5
6
5
16
0)
4
5
6
1
5
13
15
2
5
8
10
(i)
(i)
5
4
2
0)
1
2
2
2
3
3
4
3
2
5
5
0)
1
1
5
8
9
(i)
0)
3
3
6
4
(l)
6
5
6
22
20
22
20
33
31
30
30
24
27
31
21
22
18
20
16
27
22
22
24
37
33
30
32
23
24
20
21
25
19
22
26
9
5
2
3
6
5
1
3
20
15
6
13
4
6
2
3
15
11
2
3
3
4
3
4
6
6
1
4
2
3
3
4
14
22
22
22
13
20
20
18
20
29
33
29
12
21
23
24
13
24
17
22
13
17
17
16
16
28
32
30
15
18
16
17
Over
50 and
under
54
g
7
6
8
9
5
6
7
3
3
4
2
6
6
6
5
8
9
4
8
7
6
6
6
10
9
5
6
7
6
7
6
54
26
20
20
20
21
19
18
18
14
5
8
12
26
22
21
21
23
17
23
13
20
20
18
19
27
17
21
19
28
26
25
22
Over
54 and
under
55
m
2
1
2
0)
1
1
Over
55 and
under
60
55
Over
60
60
g
7
8
7
2
1
1
7
2
8
6
5
7
2
5
1
2
3
4
2
1
1
2
3
11
10
10
8
6
6
4
0)
Q
a
0)
1
1
2
(!)
0)
1
2
1
0)
0)
1
1
2
0)
0)
0)
0)
0)
1
1
1
2
2
9
6
7
7
g
1
5
5
6
5
5
4
11
3
4
5
8
4
7
3
2
0)
0)
2
2
1
1
1
2
1
2
3
2
2
1
4
6
4
3
3
3
2
3
5
2
$
4
4
2
5
3
2
1
g
11
4
4
2
(*)
1
2
2
I
I
OPERATION
Molders, hand, floor:
M a le .... ....................................... ................
52.5
51.5
51.1
51.4
51.4
5a 3
50.4
49.9
49.2
48.6
48.4
49.1
53.5
52.5
52.1
52.1
51.3
50.2
50.5
49.6
51.2
50.4
49.9
50.0
51.9
50.1
50.4
50.4
52.2
51.8
51.2
51.1
50
OF
Molders, hand, bench:
M a l e ..... .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2,923
4,110
3,857
4,233
2,526
3,067
3,040
3,370
240
353
324
280
9,265
10,931
11,017
10,980
2,379
2,363
2,063
2,098
4,904
5,612
5,375
5,453
1,993
3,140
3,102
3,854
1,986
2,642
1,820
1,910
Over
48 and
under
50
HOURS
T.flKU
ni*Are
JJoU
ICl SI**
Male___ . . . . . . . __ _____________. . . . . . . __
319
383
379
367
345
393
401
387
22
43
41
38
343
389
401
384
262
325
324
321
346
401
402
385
161
229
220
249
234
285
247
251
48
CUSTOMARY
Core makers:
Male____________ ___ __________________
1923
1925
1927
1929
1923
1925
1927
1929
1923
1925
1927
1929
1923
1925
1927
1929
1923
1925
1927
1929
1923
1925
1927
1929
1923
1925
1927
1929
1923
1925
1927
1929
Over
44 and
under
48
44
OR
Chippers and rough grinders:
Male...... ..................................... .....
Year
Per cent of employees whose full-time hours per week were—
KEGULAR
Occupation and sex
Aver
Num
age
ber of Number full
estab of em
time
lish ployees hours Under
ments
per
44
week
Average and classified full-time hours per week in 8 specified occupations in foundries and 17 in machine shops, 1928 to 1929^
by sex and year— Continued
1923
1925
1927
1929
283
346
259
191
1,314
1,827
1,512
1,127
51.1
50.4
50.3
50.1
P>
0
0)
Over
44 and
under
48
44
6
3
4
7
48
Over
48 and
under
50
50
Over
50 and
under
54
Over
54 and
under
55
54
19
27
33
31
8
6
11
5
16
12
7
17
4
5
8
2
4
7
6
7
2
5
4
5
3
11
4
8
3
5
4
3
2
5
4
4
26
31
26
26
24
25
21
20
27
27
22
20
26
29
31
29
23
28
23
19
26
26
23
21
4
5
6
7
4
7
7
7
4
5
5
6
3
4
5
6
2
4
9
11
3
4
6
6
26
35
31
39
25
26
28
27
28
30
37
35
23
25
31
29
30
32
36
31
27
31
36
35
8
7
13
11
9
9
11
12
9
10
9
10
9
10
9
10
10
10
11
9
8
9
8
11
6
4
3
3
7
8
5
5
7
6
3
5
4
4
4
4
5
6
3
7
8
G
6
6
1
1
9
8
7
6
2
2
2
1
16
8
8
5
15
12
10
7
12
10
8
6
12
8
6
7
13
10
8
7
15
11
9
7
5
2
2
3
4
2
1
3
5
2
1
2
3
3
4
2
5
2
1
2
5
3
2
3
4
3
2
1
0)
0)
MACHINE SHOPS
Assemblers:
M ale.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Boring-mill operators:
Male. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Drill-press operators:
Male____ . . . . . . . __ . . . .
Fitters and bench hands:
Male_________________
Grinding-machine operators:
Male_____ . . . . . . . . . ___
Laborers:
Male............... . . . . . . . . .
1923
1925
1927
1929
1923
1925
1927
1929
1923
1925
1927
1929
1923
1925
1927
1929
1923
1925
1927
1929
1923
1925
1927
1929
310
306
368
335
271
341
354
372
350
423
433
440
271
388
332
367
221
267
298
313
375
439
459
452
5,681
7,151
8,019
7,670
1,455
2,135
2,208
2,333
3,634
5,012
4,759
5,291
4,721
8,157
6,661
7,715
1,255
2,016
2,285
2,888
8,355
9,833
8,342
8,506
50.6
49.6
50.1
50.1
50.8
50.4
50.7
51.1
50.8
50.4
50.1
50.3
49.9
49.8
49.5
49.8
50.5
50.3
50.1
51.0
51.1
50.6
50.4
50.5
0)
0)
(0
(0
0)
0)
0)
(0
(0
<9
0)
3
1
2
3
5
2
5
4
4
3
7
7
14
5
6
5
7
2
4
4
4
3
3
5
(0
(0
1
1
0)
0)
V)
0)
0)
<*)
0)
0)
0)
0)
1
1
(i)
1
0)
1
1
1
1
3
4
1
1
2
3
1
1
1
0)
(1)
0)
1
0)
2
4
1
1
1
2
0)
w
0)
1
1
1
3
2
1
2
1
p>
0)
(!)
3
1
1
,
1
SHOPS
8
9
4
6
MACHINE
24
22
23
22
Over
60
60
AND
2
8
6
4
Over
55 and
under
60
55
HOUKS— FOUNDRIES
Pattern makers:
M ale..____ ___ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Year
Per cent of employees whose full-time hours per week were—
AND
Occupation and sex
Aver
Num
age
ber of Number full
time
estab of em
lish ployees hours Under
per
44
ments
week
WAGES
FOUNDRIES—Continued
18
T a b l e £•—
Lathe operators, engine:
Male_____ ________ _
Lathe operators, turret:
Male____ ______ ___
Machinists:
Male___
Pattern makers:1
Male......... ......
1923
1925
1927
1929
251
328
343
359
2,147
3,393
3,167
3,855
50.5
50.2
50.0
50.5
0)
1923
1925
1927
1929
331
374
395
379
2,952
3,820
3,794
3,036
50.0
49.9
49.5
49.8
1923
1925
1927
1929
251
262
269
229
1,616
1,641
1,671
1,006
50.4
49.8
50.1
50.3
1923
1925
1927
1929
268
339
343
358
1,938
2,925
2,872
3,440
50.0
49.7
49.7
50.2
1927
1929
235
288
1,228
1,652
49.6
49.9
1923
1925
1927
1929
272
327
339
344
1,339
1,838
1,818
1,963
60.6
50.2
60.5
50.7
1923
1925
1927
177
215
213
1,047
1,482
1,520
50.6
49.8
49.8
3
7
5
9
25
24
21
19
4
6
6
6
25
29
32
30
9
8
10
11
9
8
6
5
4
3
5
4
2
4
4
6
35
32
29
24
3
6
4
6
25
29
33
36
8
8
9
8
4
5
3
3
12
8
14
9
6
4
4
3
29
29
24
18
3
7
4
8
21
25
32
35
5
8
9
0
13
9
6
6
0)
9
10
12
7
1
8
3
4
35
23
20
22
3
3
3
6
18
29
32
3S
6
7
12
10
12
5
6
6
0)
7
3
8
4
4
10
6
6
34
32
27
27
3
6
7
11
24
27
28
25
9
9
11
11
4
3
3
3
6
8
6
6
27
21
4
4
27
33
13
14
4
3
7
6
6
4
3
7
6
7
24
25
24
21
2
4
6
4
28
26
31
36
9
9
9
9
8
8
7
6
4
3
3
2
8
6
30
30
27
4
7
18
27
29
26
9
11
11
4
2
1
0)
0)
(0
0)
0)
<*)
0)
0)
13
10
8
8
3
2
1
2
1
1
1
2
(0
0)
0)
12
11
8
7
6
1
1
2
1
1
3
3
V
0)
(0
0)
7
6
4
5
5
3
1
3
1
1
2
1
0)
0)
3
6
(0
0)
12
7
10
8
2
1
1
1
1
0)
0)
0)
0
7
7
6
3
2
1
2
1
1
1
3
1
9
9
3
2
1
1
12
10
7
6
4
3
2
1
2
1
3
4
13
8
6
6
2
1
2
4
1
0)
0)
1
1
0)
0)
0)
1
p>
0)
2
1
1
2
1
(9
0)
2
966
50.2
2
6
22
20
32
7
3
2
2
41
171
61.5
2
6
19
5
30
23
2
6
4
1929
144
762
51*4
4
3
17
17
30
6
5
6
1
6
1923
1925
1927
1929
274
346
354
350
1,661
2,573
2,863
2,850
50.4
60.0
49.7
50.0
6
2
3
5
2
6
5
3
30
32
32
26
3
4
7
8
27
30
32
35
11
11
11
10
6
4
2
4
11
8
6
6
4
2
2
1
1
)
1
1
* This occupation was divided in 1929 into 3 groups: Hand, semiautomatic, and automatic.
4Included with “ Screw-machine ^erators” in 1923,1926, and 1927.
1
3
1
1
0)
1
155
0)
(0
0)
1
1
8
1929
0)
1
)
1929
1Less than 1 per cent.
8Included with “ Other skilled employees” in 1923 and 1925.
7
4
7
7
0)
2
5
8
6
AN
0)
OPERATION
8crew-machine operators, hand: *
Male.........................................................
Screw-machine operators, semiautomatic:4
Male........................................................
Screw-machine operators, automatic: *
Male_______________________________
Toolmakers:
Male_____ ____________________ . . . __
0)
OF
Screw-machine operators: *
Male_____________ ___ . . . . . ____ . . . . .
50.9
50.3
50.2
50.3
HOURS
Planer operators:
Male________
4,421
5,856
5,964
5,640
CtJSTOMARY
Milling-machine operators:
Male_____________ . . . .
347
401
414
421
OR
Machinists’ and toolmakers* helpers:
Male______________ _____ ______
1923
1925
1927
1929
1
CO
20
WAGES AND HOURS— FOUNDRIES AND MACHINE SHOPS
Table 5 shows the regular or customary full-time hours Monday to
Thursday, Friday, Saturday, and per week for each of 399 foundries
and 508 machine shops in 28 States in 1929.$ In some establishments
the full-time hours of a few employees or occupations vary from the
full-time hours per day or per week of the majority of the employees
in such establishments, but the prevailing hours of the greater number
of employees are presented in this table as the hours of the establish
ment as a whole.
The full-time hours of foundries range from 8 per day Monday to
Friday or 40 per week for 3 establishments to 10 per day or 60 per
week for 15 establishments. The hours of 56 establishments were less
than 48 per week; of 101 were 48 per week; of 78 were 54 per week;
and of 20 were 55 per week. In machine shops full-time hours ranged
from 8 per day Monday to Friday or 40 per week for 1 establishment
to 10 per day or 60 per week for 2 establishments. The hours of 58
establishments were less than 48 per week; of 105 were 48 per week;
of 166 were 50 per week; of 42 were 54 per week; and of 39 were 55
per week.
The 5-day week with no work on Saturday was in operation in 23
foundries and 6 machine shops in 1929. Days of operation per week
in 8 foundries and 1 machine shop alternated from 5 in one week to
6 days in the next.
T a b le 5.— Classification of foundry and machine-shop establishments in each State by full-time hours per week and per day, 1929
REGULAR
OR
CUSTOMARY
HOURS
OF
OPERATION
FOUNDRIES
5.— Classification of foundry and machine-shop establishments in each State by full-time hours per week and per day91929— Continued
FOUNDRIES—Continued
WAGES
AND
HOURS— FOUNDRIES
AND
MACHINE
SHOPS
22
T able
BEGtTLAR
OR
CUSTOMARY
HOURS
OP
OPERATION
T able £•— Classification of foundry and machine-shop establishments in each State by full-time hours per week and per day, 1929— Continued
WAGES
AND
HOURS— FOUNDRIES
AND
MACHINE
SHOPS
MACHINE SHOPS—Continued
MH-
54..
....
1
4
1
1
2 ___ | 2
"""C l "
| 1
2
1
....
1
___ i___
1'
1
2
1
2
....
1
....
1
1
23
2
19
* Females.
8
36
16
1 ___
6
10
1
i
1
1
10
1
6
1
1
1
5
4
7
38
36
----
1
2
1
3
1
1
...J .—
___ | 5
1
1
1
1
2
2|
1
....I....
j
___ 1___
8
19
* Males.
9
1
7
28
32
1
10
8
1
1
1
10
6
1
1
1
1
2
1
1
1
6
----
2
2
18
85
6
48
10
7
15
508
HOURS
OF
OPERATION
6
1
1
CUSTOMARY
Total.
4
OR
54J4..
40....
55....
55....
55H-.
56....
56H-.
58....
59....
1 «
1
i 9
m
7H
6H
m
5H
5
1
m
5
4H
m
*0
*5
J
5
554
m
5Vi
8
9
10
RBGtJIiAB
m
m
r9
9
9H
9H
m
m
m
m
m
m
m
m
9fi
m
9H
m
10
9
U0
m
10
10
»8
28
.HO
310
10
10
10
10
10J6 lOSMs
10M m i
10
10
10
10
10
10
to
Oi
26
WAGES AND HOURS— FOUNDRIES AND MACHINE SHOPS
CHANGES IN HOURS AND WAGE RATES
^During the 1929 study data were obtained as to changes in full
time hours and wage rates in foundries and machine shops between
July 1, 1927, and the period of the 1929 study.
Only 14 of the 399 foundries and 19 of the 508 machine shops re
ported changes in full-time hours. In 4 foundries and 10 machine
shops hours were increased and in 10 foundries and 9 machine
shops hours were decreased.
Only 15 of the 399 foundries and 15 of the 508 machine shops cov
ered in 1929 reported changes in wage rates. Rates were increased in
13 foundries and 15 machine shops and decreased in 2 foundries as
shown in Table 6.
T a b l e 6 . — Changes
in wage rates in 15 foundries and 15 machine shops between
July 1, 1927, and the period of the 1929 study
FOUNDRIES
Employees whose rates were changed
Number
of
estab
lish
ments
All employees________________________
All hourly rate workers__________ - _- _
All piece workers_______________- __ __
Chippers________________ __ ____ ___ 1
Molders___________ _________ ________
Common labor_____ ____________ _____
Mechanics - ___________ ___ ____ ____
Molders ___________________________
Molders on hourly rate________________
Core makers and molders on daily rate__
Core makers and molders______________
Do........................................................
Do........................................................
.......................................................
Do
1
Amount of change
Increase
Decrease
1
to 5 per cent___________
1 7Vi per cent_______________
1 10 per cent.............................
f$4 to $4.60 and $5 to $5.50 per
< day..__________________
1 [$8.40 to $7 per day______ . . .
1
cents per hour_________
1 5 cents per hour___________
1 25 cents per day___________
1 5 cents per hour__________
1 50 cents per day__________ _
1 10 cents per hour__________
3 5 cents per hour___________
1
Average, 6.8 per cent
1
Average, 0.3 per cent.
MACHINE SHOPS
All employees________________________
Do........................................................
D o - - ..................................................
Do........................................................
D o._.......................................... .........
All hourly rate workers________________
All piece workers_____________________
Common labor_______ ________________
Machinists___________ - ______________
Sheet-metal workers____ ___ ___ . . . . . __
1
1
2
3
1
1
1
1
3
1
2 uer cent_________________
3& to 5 per cen t...________
5 per cent_________________
10 per cent_______________ _
Average, 11 per cent______ _
7H per cent______________ _
10 per cent________________
2]’$ cents per hour___ . . . . . . .
5 cents per hour____ ______
6 cents per hour______. . . . . .
PAY FOR OVERTIME, 1929
Overtime is ordinarily understood to be any time worked in excess
of the regular or customary hours of work per day and is usually
paid for at a higher rate than for regular working time. Approxi
mately 29 per cent of the plants covered in this study paid for
overtime at the same rate as for regular hours. In some plants
the regular rate was paid until a certain number of hours per day
had been worked in addition to the customary hours of the plant.
Example: The regular hours of a plant were 8 per day and 48 per
week, but the extra rate for overtime was not paid except for time
P A Y FOR OVERTIME, 1929
27
worked in excess of 9 hours per day or 54 per week. The 1 hour of
overtime per day in excess of the regular 8 hours was paid for at the
regular rate. In a considerable number of plants included in the 1929
study, the overtime rate was 1}{ or 1% times the regular rate for a
specified number of hours or to a certain time, as 7 p. m., and then
two times the regular rate. In some plants the extra rate for over
time was paid to all employees, in others to employees in certain
occupations only. Most of the plants that pay a higher rate for
overtime than for regular hours per day also provide for an extra
rate for work on Sunday and holidays. # There is, however, very little
work on Sunday and holidays in this industry. Table 7 shows that
238 of the 399 foundries and 400 of the 508 machine shops covered
in the 1929 study paid part or all employees extra rates for overtime
and for work on Sunday and holidays.
T a b l e 7 . — Pay
for overtime and for Sunday and holiday work, employees entitled,
and rate, 1929
FOUNDRIES
Times regular rate for—
Num
ber of
Employees entitled
lishments
All employees.,
.do..............
..do.
..do.
..do.
..do..
.do..
..do.
..do..
..do..
..do..
.d o.
_do.
..do.
-do.
..do..
_do.
..’d o.
.d o.
_do.
..do..
..do..
Sunday
Overtime (time worked in excess of regular and
holiday
hours per day or week)
work
I X ----------------------------i x ..................................
IX to midnight, then 2..
.do.............................
15411 for first hour per day, then I X .do................ ......................... .
IK _______
IX after regular hours per week................
1 for first 2 hours per week, then IX .........
1 for first 2 hours per day, then I X ........—
IX for first 2 hours per day, then 2...........
1H for first 2 hours per day, then 2...........
1H for first hour per day, then IX ______
1H for first 4 hours per day, then 2______
IX for first 5 hours per day, then 2...........
1 for first half hour: and Saturday p. m.,
then IX.
1.
I X ----------------------------------------------
2.................................................................
IX for jobbing work_______ _______
2 for contract work.............................
....... do........................................................... . 1H from 6 p. m. to 9 p. m., then IX /Union workers............ ...................... .......... IX after regular hours per d a y .........
\Nonunion workers________ _____________ 1U after regular hours per day_____
Core makers and molders_____ __________ IX ---------------------------------------------IX IX after regular hours per week.
Core makers, molders, and apprentices___ IX ................................................
Core makers, cranemen, and molders____ _ IX ................................................
Core makers, molders, and repair men____ IXCore makers, molders, and pattern makers. IX after regular hours per week.
Core makers, laborers, molders, and pattern IX ................................................
makers.
Core makers, millwrights, molders, and I X pattern makers.
Core makers, molders, pattern makers, and I X rough carpenters.
/Core makers and molders..- _____________ 2—
\A11 others........................... ........................... IX/Core makers and m olders....____________ IX\A11 others........................... .... ..................... I X / Core makers and molders________________ IX to midnight, then 2_.
\A11 others........................... ......... ......... ....... IX after midnight..........
* IX for Sunday and 1 for holidays.
* 2 for Sunday and IX for holidays.
IX
2
2
IX
IX
IX
IX
2
IX
IX
IX
IX
2
2
IX
2
2
2
(*)
<*>
2
IX
2
IX
IX
1H
2
IX
IX
2
IX
IX
1
IX
m
2
IX
2
IX
2
IH
28
WAGES AND HOURS— FOUNDRIES AND MACHINE SHOPS
T a b l e 7 . — Pay
for overtime and for Sunday and holiday work, employees entitled,
and rate, 1929— Continued
FOUNDEIES—Continued
Times regular rate for—
Num
ber of
estab
lish
ments
Employees entitled
fCore makers and molders______ _________
[All others................................... ................. .
TCore makers, molders, and pattern makers
All others................................................ —
"Core makers, molders, pattern makers, and
rough carpenters.
All others except laborers................ ...........
Chippers, core makers, and molders______
Cutters and welders. ...................................
Cupola tenders, molders, and pattern
makers.
Crane operators, day laborers, and sand
blasters.
Laborers................. ................... ..................
[All others......................................................
Laborers and sand blasters........... ............ .
All employees............... ...............................
Molders, bench and floor....... ......................
/Molders.......................................... .............
\Pattern makers and rough carpenters........ .
/Molders................ ...........................-.........
\Helpers and laborers...................................
Molders and pattern makers on hourly rate.
Pattern makers.............................................
Pattern makers on hourly rate................. .
Core room, melting, annealing, shipping,
maintenance, and yard employees on
hourly rate.
Crane operators and others on hourly rates
Pattern makers______________ ___________
.d o.
Rough carpenters.........................................
Millwrights................... ............... . ........... .
Millwrights, pattern makers, and rough
carpenters.
/Head electricians...........................................
\A11 others......................................................
Maintenance men........................................
Welders.........................................................
Day workers................. ...............................
___ do.
do__............................
/ - . d o - ...............................
\Night workers................ .
/D ay workers.....................
\Night workers __...............
/D ay workers....................
\Night workers.................
'Day workers......................
Night workers.................
'Day workers......................
Night workers-......... ........
All productive employees,
do.............................
___ do............. .
Time workers.,
.do............. .
..do.
,.do-do..
All time workers except cupola tenders__
All except rail crew, janitors, and sweepers..
All except sweepers--...................................
All except laborers........................................
All except clean-up men, chippers, and
rough grinders on night work, and truck
drivers.
All except elevator operators........................
All except shakers-out..................................
All except laborers_______ _____ _____ ____
All except molders........................................
Time workers..............- ................................
1Breakdown work.
Sunday
Overtime (time worked in excess of regular and
holiday
hours per day or week)
work
1H Monday to Friday, Saturday 1.
2
1H
2.........................................................
2
m
2
lh ..
1*2-.
1—.
1H
1 for first hour per day, then 1H___
l h --------------------------------------------
lh
IH
2
1H-.
m
lh 1h. for first 4 hours, then 2______
1 for first hour per day, then l h 1h after regular hours per week..
1h~
1/4 if hourly rate is 80 cents or over..
1 for first hour per day, then 1J4.......
2..
lh -
1H
2
lh
2
lh
lh
lh
2
lh
ih
m.
lh after regular hours per day..
1 for first hour per day, then 1h -.
1 for first 3 hours per day, then lh lh after regular hours per week...
lh 1h after regular hours per week..
.....................—............................ .
l .....................................................
2
ih
ih
ih
ih
ih
ih
ih
m
2
1 for first 5 hours per week, then l\i.
lH....................................
m .......................................................
1 for first hour per day, then 1U.......
1H.......................................................
lh 1 for first 5 hours per week, then 1HllA to midnight, then 2...................... .
lh 1 for first hour per day, then l h ___
1 for first 2 hours per night, then l l/±.
1 foi first hour per day, then 1} -*.......
1H1H to midnight, then 2..
l h ...................................
1H for first 2h hours per day, then :
m..................................................... .
m ..................................................... .
1H 1H after regular hours per day..
1 for first hour per day, then 1K*1H ................................................
m ................................................
m ................................................
i h ................................................
i k ................................................
1H................................................
1 for first tyi hours per week, then l}i..
1H..........................................................
m.
m
5 cents per hour 6 p. m. to midnight, then
10 cents per hour above rate.
* 1 plus 10 cents per hour.
lh
lh
lk
lh
lh
1H
2
2
2
2
2
2
lh
ih
2
2
lh
2
2
2
lh
ih
2
lh
ih
ih
ih
m
2
2
lh
2
nh
(*)
29
PAY FOE OVERTIME, 1929
T able 7.— Pay for overtime and for Sunday and holiday work, employees entitledt
and rate, 1929— Continued
MACHINE SHOPS
Times regular rate for—
Num
ber of
estab
lish
ments
Employees entitled
106 All employees.,
do............. .
73
16
..do..
.do..
13
..do..
8
22 ..do..
..do..
.do..
.do..
..do..
..do..
.do..
..do..
.do..
.do..
.do..
.do..
.do..
.do..
..do..
.do..
.do..
....... do..........
..d o ..........
__do..........
..d o ..........
..do..
..do..
..do..
..do..
-do..
..do..
..do..
..do..
..do..
..do..
___ do............................
___ do............................
Not reported.................
/Inside employees..........
\Outside employees.......
Productive employees.,
do..
..d o ..........................
,.do_.
.do..
'Day workers...
[Night workers.
Day workers on time rate..
Day workers...................... .
.do.
Night workers____ _________________
Day workers........................................ .
____ do......................................... ..........
/. . . . d o .....................................................
\Night workers.......................................
41 plus 10 cents per hour.
41 plus 15 cents per hour.
« in on Sunday and 1H on holidays.
115343°— 30------ 3
Sunday
Overtime (time worked in excess of regular and
holiday
hours per day or week)
work
IH................. ...............................
m ................................................
IH to midnight, then 2...............
IH
m ................................................
in after regular hours per week.
1H
IH
in
in
2..........................................................
2
1 for first hour per day, then i n .......
IH for first 4 hours per day, then 2. . .
IH for first 5 hours per day, then 2__
1H after regular hours per week.......
2
2
1.
1H................................................................
1 to midnight, then i n ...............................
IH for first 4 hours Monday to Friday, for
first 8 hours Saturday, then 2.................
1 for first % hour per day, then i n ______
do.
IH for first hour per day, then 1n .
1 for first 2 hours per day, then i n ___
in for 5 week days and l\i Saturday p. m.
a n for jobbing work........ ..........................
\2 for contract work......................................
1 for first half hour on week days and Sat
urday afternoon, then i n .......................
VA; Saturday afternoon straight time____
1 for first hqur per day, then i n ................
1 for first 5 hours per week, then 1H..........
1 for less than 2 hours per day; in for 2
hours or more...........................................
in for first 3 hours per day, then 2............
in for first 7 hours, then 2.................. .......
1"
in for first 2 hours per day, then 2___
in , Saturday afternoon straight time..
IH; Saturday afternoon straight time..
1 plus 15 cents per hour.........................
IH
m to midnight, then VA............................
1 plus 5 cents per hour 6 p. m. to midnight;
then 1 plus 10 cents per hour................. .
IK for first 4 hours, then 2..........................
in for first 4 hours, then 2..........................
m ................................................................
2
2n ...............................................................
.
m
i u ...............................................................
m
........................................................................................................................ - .....................................
in
1 for first hour per day, in next 6 hours,
then 2.
in for first 2n hours per day, then 2............
in to midnight, then 2.................. ............
1 for any overtime in first 50 hours per week;
in for any overtime after 50; regular
hours 13 each of 5 nights per week.
IH.................................................... - ...............
i n ............... ...................
in to midnight, then 2..
m
1 for first hour per day, then l\i....... .
in ; Saturday afternoon l\i.............. .
1 for first 4 hours per week, then in .
in after regular hours per week.........
* IH first 4 hours, then 2.
•First 8 hours, then 2 &
1H
1
m
2
2
1
in
in
in
i
in
2
in
1H
IH
m
2
2
in
2
2
1H
(«)
(6^
(*)2
82
82
in
m
IH
1H
2
2
m
in
2
in
30
•WAGES AND HOURS— FOUNDRIES AND MACHINE SHOPS
T a b le
7 .— Pay for overtime and for Sunday and holiday work, employees entitled,
and rate, 1929— Continued
MACHINE SHOPS—Continued
Times regular rate for—
Num
ber of
estab
lish
ments
Employees entitled
Productive day workers........
{Nonproductive
day workers..
18
Night workers.......................
Time workers______________
___ do......................................
do..
_do..
.do..
.do..
All except laborers....... ................................
All except laborers, janitors, and watchmen .
All except crane operators, inspectors, and
warehousemen.
All except weekly workers............................
All except electricians and part of laborers..
All except weekly workers............................
All except painters........................................
All time workers on day shift except floor
sweepers and part of laborers.
All except maintenance workers---------------All not on bonus plan___________________
All except laborers........................................
All except 1 blacksmith, 1 blacksmith’s
helper, 1 boiler maker, 1 laborer, and 2
machinists.
Employees working on jobs outside plant..
All except sweepers.......................................
Part of time workers............................ ........
All except salaried employees.......................
All except shipping-department employees .
All except crane operators and laborers.......
All except craters, laborers, painters, plas
terers, and sanders.
All except galvanizing and tank shop em
ployees.
All skilled employees except assemblers___
All except laborers........................................
All except blacksmiths, blacksmiths'
helpers, and pattern makers.
All except carpenters, electricians, and mill
wrights.
All except laborers.......................................
All except loaders, packers, and erectors___
A few skilled employees...............................
Toolmakers—__________________________
Millwrights________________________ - ___
/Head electricians................................... ........
\A11 others.......................................................
Laborers and stockmen................................
Heat-treating department employees______
/Boiler makers_..............................................
\AU others.......................................................
Skilled employees..........................................
Assemblers, blacksmiths, machine o p e r
ators, mechanics, and toolmakers on day
force.
All others.......................................................
Crane operators, inspectors, and laborers.. .
/Blacksmiths and blacksmiths’ helpers........
\A11 others____ _____________________ ____
/Coppersmiths_________ _________________
\AU others_______ ______________________
Machinists.....................................................
Machinists and machine operators..............
Assemblers, fitters, and bench hands, and
machine hands.
Blacksmiths, blacksmiths’ helpers, and
machine operators.
Erectors, painters, and testers_______ ____
Machinists and machine operators________
___ do------------------------------------------ -------Skilled employees................................... ......
Machine operators and their helpers______
Maintenance men.........................................
Sunday
Overtime (time worked in excess of regular and
hours per day or week)
holiday
work
1tt to midnight, then 2_.
ltt___________________
m ................................. .
l ttm ................................................
1H after regular hours per week.
ltt to midnight, then 2...............
1tt................................................
1U----------------------------------------
1)41tt for first 4 hours Monday to Friday, for
first 8 hours Saturday; then 2.
1tt...............................................................
1)4 after regular hours per week.
1tt................................................
m ................................................
ltt................................................
m ................................................
1 for first hour per day, then 1tt-
1H................................................
1....................................................
ltt................................................
m.
1ttltt1H from 6 p. m. to 9 p. m., then lttlH after regular hours per week.......
lYi to midnight, then 2......................
ltt.......................................................
l t tltt-.
l t tl t t-
ltt on certain work.
ltt............................
ltt............................
ltt............................
ltt............................
ltt............................
1................................
ltt............................
ltt............................
2....................................
ltt............................
l M1)4 for first 2 hours, then S
lt t-
ltt..
2_._.
lt t-
ltt to midnight, then 2..
ltt...................................
ltt...................................
ltt...................................
1H1H.
ltt.................................................
ltt to midnight, then 2...............
ltt................................................
ltt................................................
ltt after regular hours per week.
BONUS SYSTEMS
31
BONUS SYSTEMS
A bonus system is an arrangement by which the earnings of a certain
part or all of the employees in an establishment at piece or time rates
would be increased under certain conditions. Earnings at piece or
time rates were increased by the addition of a bonus of a stated amount
or of a specified per cent of earnings, for production, efficiency, attend
ance, length of service, or by the payment at basic rates for all or
part of the time saved by doing a job or piece of work in less than
the standard of time allowed or established for it by a time study.
Bonus systems were in effect in 45 of the 399 foundries and in 117
of the 508 machine shops covered at the time of the 1929 study. The
number of establishments, the employees entitled to receive the
bonus, the amount of the bonus, and the conditions necessary in
order to receive the bonus are given in Table 8. Bonus systems were
in operation in plants covered in 1929 in Califomia, Colorado,
Connecticut, Illinois, Indiana, Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts,
Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, New Hampsnire, New Jersey, New
York, Ohio, Oregon, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, Washington, and
Wisconsin. Bonus systems are more numerous in foundries and
machine shops than in any other industries covered in wage reports
by the bureau.
In 18 foundries and 83 machine shops a time-saving bonus only was
paid to part or all of the employees for doing work of a set standard
in less than the stated period of time allowed for it. Some establish
ments paid employees for all of time saved while others paid for only
a portion of the time at regular hourly rates. Example: A standard
of 50 hours was set for the completion of a certain job or piece of work.
An employee completed the work in 40 hours, thereby saving 10
hours. He was paid for the 40 hours that he actually worked and
also a bonus of one-half of the 10 hours saved. In another plant he
would have been paid for the 40 hours worked and also for all of the
10 hours saved.
In nine foundries and five machine shops a production bonus only
was paid to part or to all of the employees. This form of bonus was
earned on all or on various percentages of production above a certain
standard quantity generally paid for at a rate per piece. The bonus
in some plants was based on individual production and in others on
the production by a group of employees. In the latter the bonus
for the group was divided among the employees according to the
basic rate and the hours worked by each individual in the group
during the pay period.
Six foundries and six machine shops reported efficiency bonus
systems only, similar to the production bonus except that payments
were based on earnings of individuals and percentages of efficiency
during the pay period. This bonus applied to part or to all of the
employees in these establishments.
Five foundries and two machine shops reported an “ attendance”
bonus only, affecting part or all of the employees for regular attend
ance during a specified period of time or for working a set number of
hours per day or night.
Two foundries and four machine shops reported a “ service” bonus
only, for all employees in the service a specified period of time.
Example: An employee's earnings were increased by a bonus of 1
per cent of his annual earnings at regular rate after one year of service,
32
WAGES AND HOtJRS— FOUNDRIES AND MACHINE SHOPS
2 per cent after two years, 3 per cent after three years, etc., to 5 per
cent after five years of continuous service.
Three foundries and four machine shops reported systems based on
the estimated labor cost of a job only. When the labor cost was less
than the estimated cost 35 to 100 per cent of the difference was pro
rated among the workers on the job based on individual rate and
time on the job.
Three machine shops reported penalties in addition to a time
saving system. If a job was completed in more than the time
allotted to it, the excess time at hourly rate was deducted as penalty
from regular earnings in one plant and one-half the excess was de
ducted in the other two plants.
Three machine shops reported a bonus which was a percentage of
the yearly earnings of only such employees as were on the pay rolls
Christmas when the bonus was paid.
One machine shop paid a “ punctuality and full-time attendance”
bonus of two hours per week at hourly rates to all employees who were
on time and worked a full week.
In addition to the above, “ efficiency and time-saving” bonuses
were paid in one foundry and one machine shop, “ service and
attendance” in one foundry and one machine shop, “ profit-sharing
and production” and “ service and efficiency” each in one machine
shop, and “ time-saving and attendance” bonuses in two machine
shops.
T a b l e 8 .—
Bonus systems of 45 foundries and 117 machine shops, 1929
FOUNDRIES
= ...
Num
ber of
estab
lish
ments
1
Kind of bonus
Employees entitled
1
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
Conditions
Time saving----- All em ployees......_____ All of time saved at regu Complete job in les
lar rate.
than allotted time.
One-half of time saved at
Do.
regular rate.
Do.
.......
do._________________
All
employees
except
____ do_________
crane operators and
cupola tenders.
Do.
Pieceworkers ___ _______ ____ do________ _____ ____
do
Do.
. ___ do___. . . . . . . Productive employees___
Do.
____ do_________ Cupola tenders and lab IlllldoIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIII
orers.
Do.
. . . . . d o . . . . . . . . . . . Molders_______________ All of time saved at regu
lar rate.
Da
____ do_________ All employees except One-half of time saved at
regular rate.
laborers.
Do.
____ do-------------- Molders_____ __________ One-third of time saved at
regular rate.
Do.
....... do_________ Core makers, chippers, All of time saved at regu
and rough grinders.
lar rate.
Do.
------ do------------- Core makers, chippers, One-half of time saved at
regular rate.
and rough grinders,
molders, pattern mak
ers, and sand blasters.
Da
....... do-------------- Molders and cleaning- Three-fourths of time
room employees.
saved at regular rate.
Do.
____ do_________ Core makers and molders. One-half of time saved at
regular rate.
Do.
____ do_________ Molders using dry sand— ....... do__________________
Do.
____ do____. . . . . . M olders__ ________. . . . . ____ do___________ . . . . . . . .
Production___ _ Molders, machine—. . . . . . Varies with different jobs. Production in exces
of set standard.
The piece rate increased
with each step-up in
production over the set
standard.
3 ____ do_________ ____ do_________________
1
Amount of bonus
1 -ii '-tcbb
33
BONUS SYSTEMS
T a b l e 8 . — Bonus
systems of 45 foundries and 117 machine shops, 1989— Continued
FOUNDRIES—Continued
Kind of bonus
Employees entitled
Amount of bonus
i
p
l
i•
i
Production____ Molders.__ . . . . . . . . . . ___ Three-fourths of cost per
mold for each one pro
duced over fixed stand
ard. Cost was com
puted by dividing rate
per hour of molders by
standard per hour.
Molders, hand, bench___ A specified amount for each
casting produced over
fixed standard in addi
tion to hours worked
times rate per hour.
------ do— . . . . . . . All productive employ A specified rate for each
unit produced over fixed
ees.
standard per day.
____ do_________ Molders____________ ___ 4 cents for each casting
produced over set stand
ard.
____ do_________ All employees__________ 1 per cent of earnings at
basic rates for each
pound produced per
man-hour over set stand
ard per month.
____ do.________ ____ do_________________ 1 minute at basic rate for
each pound produced
over set standard per
pay period.
Molders, m a ch in e ........ One-fourth cent for each
casting produced over
set standard.
..... d o _____ ___ Molders.... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 per cent of earnings at
basic rate for production
of set standard. The
per cent increased by
sliding scale as produc
tion increased over the
standard.
Appraised labor Chippers and rough One-half of the difference
when the actual was
cost.
grinders.
less than the set stand
ard of cost was prorated
among employees ac
cording to earnings at
basic rate.
M o l d e r s ... ......... ...... The difference when the
actual was less than the
set standard of labor
cost.
All productive employees. The difference was pro
rated among employees
by earnings at basic
rate, when the actual
was less than the set
standard of labor cost.
E fficien cy....... ____ do__ _______________ A specified per cent of
earnings at basic rate
for each per cent of
efficiency over set stand
ard.
-----T
Seven-tenths of 1 per cent
of earnings at basic rate
for efficiency of 68 per
cent of set standard.
The per cent increased
by sliding scale as effi
ciency increased to 25
per cent of earnings for
efficiency of 100 per cent.
___ d n _________ All em ploy ees.......— .. 0.018 cent for efficiency of
50 per cent and for each
per cent over 50.
•
•
•
Num
ber of
establish-
Conditions
Production in excess
of set standard.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Da
Da
Do.
Production equal to
or in excess of set
standard.
Labor cost less than
set standard of cost.
Do.
Do.
Efficiency in excess
set standard.
of
Efficiency of 68 per
cent or more of set
standard.
Efficiency of 50 per
cent or more of set
standard.
34
WAGES AND HOURS— FOUNDRIES AND MACHINE SHOPS
T a b le 8.— Bonus systems of
foundries and 117 machine shops, 1929— Continued
FOUNDRIES—Continued
Num
ber of
estab
lish
ments
Kind of bonus
Efficiency..
Employees entitled
Amount of bonus
Core makers, molders,
and pattern makers.
Two-thirds per cent of
earnings at basic rate
for each per cent of effi
ciency from 71 to 100.
The bonus for each per
cent of efficiency over
100 was 1 per cent of
earnings at basic rate
in addition to the 20 per
cent for efficiency of 100
per cent.
------ do_________ Cranemen, m e 11 e r s, 10 per cent of earnings at
melters' helpers, and
basic rate for time
pitmen.
worked on difficult job.
------ do------------- Molders and their helpers. Specified per cent of earn
ings at basic rate for
each per cent of effi
ciency from 75 to 100 per
cent, inclusive, of set
standard.
Regular piece rate for all
Production and
.do..
castings produced, good
efficiency.
and bad, when bad cast
ings were less than the
sta n d a r d allowance.
Also regular rate for each
good casting within
allowance for bad cast
ings. Example: The set
standard was 600 with
an allowance of 12. An
employee produced 600
including 8 bad castings.
There were 4 good cast
ings within the allow
ance. He was paid for
the 600 and 4 good with
in the allowance or 604
at IH cents per piece
or $7.55.
One-half of time saved at
Time saving..
All others_______. . . ___
regular rate.
Time workers____ . . . __ 1 hour per day at regular
Attendance...
rate.
Molders______________
10 per cent of weekly
____ do_______
earnings when $30 or
more.
Night productive em 25 cents per night_______
....... do_______
ployees.
-do_______
All employees__ _______ 2H hours in half month at
regular rate.
____ do_________
Molders_____ *________
Service and at ___ do________________
tendance.
Service________ All employees_________
___ do_______ ......do..
1 hour per day at regular
rate.
Not to exceed 5 per cent
of earnings at basic rate.
1 per cent of earnings at
basic rate for service of 6
months to 2^6 years; 2
per cent for 2H to 5 years;
3 per cent for 5 to 7^
years; and 5 per cent for
service of 7H years and
over.
1 per cent of annual earn
ings at basic rate for
service of 1 year, 2 per
cent for 2 years; 3 per
cent for 3 years; 4 per
cent for 4 years; 5 per
ccnt. for 5 years and
over
Conditions
Efficiency in excess of
70 per cent of set
standard.
When on difficult job.
Efficiency in excess of
set standard.
P r o d u c t i o n of set
standard and bad
castings less than
standard allowance.
Complete job in less
than allotted time.
Work full day.
Work full time and
earn $30 or more per
Work at least 9 hours
per night.
Work all time that
there was work in
half month
pay
period.
Work 8J4 hours per
day.
Noc reported.
In service
more.
6 months or
In service 1 year or
more.
35
BONUS SYSTEMS
T a b l e 8*—
Bonus systems of 45 foundries and 117 machine shops, 1929— C o n t in u e d
MACHINE SHOPS
Num
ber of
estab
lish
ments
Time saving—
___ do________
___ do________
-do..
-do..
....... do_________
____do_________
___ do_________
....d o _________
18
Employees entitled
Kind of bonus
___do_________
— .d o_________
Amount of bonus
All employees..
All of time saved at reg
ular rate.
Three-fourths of time
saved at regular rate.
___ do________
The per cent of earnings
at basic rate that twothirds of the time saved
was of the time allowed
for the job. Example:
An employee whose rate
was 60 cents per hour did
a job in 21 hours of the
allotted time of 30 hours,
thus saving 9 hours, twothirds of the time saved
or 6 was 20 per cent of
the allotted time of 30
hours. The employee
in 21 hours at his rate
earned $12.60. His bonus
was 20 per cent of the
$12.60 or $2.52.
.do..
One-half of time saved
at regular rate.
.do..
One-third of regular rate
for each hour or fraction
of hour saved.
All employees on stand One-half of time saved at
ard production.
regular rate.
Machine operators_____ Part of time saved, rang
ing from 2 to 20 per cent,
depending on type of
work, at regular rate.
Assemblers..
A specified per cent of
time saved varying with
types of job, but not to
exceed 50 per cent at
regular rate.
Day machine operators... One-half of time saved at
regular rate.
.do.
All productive employees.
Machine operators.......... All of time saved at
regular rate.
___ do________
___do_________
.do................................
....... do................. Pieceworkers.................. .
- d o _________ Productive employees.... 70 per cent of time saved
at^regular rate.
....... do_________ All employees except
elevator operators, la
borers, and pattern
makers.
....... do_________ All employees except All of time saved at
laborers and machin
regular rate.
ists’ helpers.
....... do_________ Fitters and bench hands..
....... do_________ All employees except la One-half of time saved at
borers, pattern makers,
regular rate.
and toolmakers.
....... do_________ Part of machine operators All of time saved at
regular rate.
....... do_________ Productive employees___ 25 cents for each hour of
time saved.
___ do_________ Toolmakers____________ One-half of time saved at
regular rate.
----- do_________ Machine operators on ___ do__________________
production.
___ do_________ ___ do_____________ ____ 60 cents for each hour of
time saved.
___ do_____. . . . .
.do..
All of time saved at
regular rate.
___ do_________
,.do_.
45 per cent of time saved
at regular rate.
----- do_________ Fitters and bench hands, All of time saved at
m achine operators,
regular rate.
painters, and packers
and craters.
Conditions
Complete job in less
than allotted time.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
36
WAGES AND HOURS— FOUNDRIES AND MACHINE SHOPS
T a b l e 8*—
Bonus systems of 45 foundries and 117 machine shops, 1929— Continued
MACHINE SHOPS—Continued
Num
ber of
estab
lish,
ments
Kind of bonus
Time saving..
....... do.............
-----do---------....... do______
....... do.............
....... do_________
....... do........ ........
------ do................
____ do______
____ do______
----- do_________
____ do_______
----- do_______
....... do_______
....... d o . . .
____ do................
....... do.................
J---- do................
(.Group efficiency.
Employees entitled
Amount of bonus
Machinists, machine op- One-half of time saved at
erators, toolmakers, and
regular rate.
die setters.
Boring mill, lathe, and ___ do................................
milling-machine opera
tors.
Mechanics_____ —______ 12 cents for each hour of
time saved.
All employees except la One-half of time saved at
regular rate.
borers.
Fitters and bench hands, 40 per cent of time saved
at regular rate.
m achinists, pattern
makers, and toolmak
ers.
Assemblers, fitters, and One-half of time saved at
regular rate.
bench hands, machin
ists, and machine oper
ators.
Assemblers, boiler mak All of time saved at regular
rate.
ers, blacksmiths, coil
builders, machine oper
ators, machinists, and
welders.
Bench hands and ma One-half of time saved at
regular rate,
chine operators.
do
Pattern makers....... ........
_do_
Machine operators and
apprentices.
Assemblers, machine op* All of time saved at regular
rate multiplied by the
erators, and testers.
differential for each par
ticular operation. Dif
ferential not reported.
Machine shop, paint One-half of time saved at
regular rate.
shop, and assembly.
All employees except One-half, three-fourths, or
all of time saved, vary
sweepers.
ing with nature of job:
at regular rate.
Machine hands and ma 0.0064 cent for each minute
saved.
chinists.
Machine operators_____ 80 per cent of time saved at
regular rate.
Crane operators and 15 per cent of time saved
working foremen.
by machine operators
prorated among employ
ees by earnings at basic
rate.
Maintenance men, elec 5 per cent of time saved by
machine operators pro
tricians, and others
more remotely con
rated among employees
by earnings at basic
nected with produc
rate.
tion.
Planer operators and die- All of time saved at regular
rate.
sinkers.
Machine operators in — .d o .................................
transm ission department.
All employees................. One-half of time saved at
regular rate.
Assemblers..
1 per cent of earnings at
basic rate for efficiency
between 100H and 101H
of set standard; each m
per cent from 101H to
109; each 2 per cent from
109 to 115; each 2H per
cent from 115 to 120;
each 3 per cent from 120
to 135; and for each 3H
per cent of efficiency
from 135 to 221^ per
cent. The bonus ranged
from 1 to 41 per cent of
earnings at basic rate.
Conditions
Complete job in less
than allotted time.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Completion by ma
chine operators of job
■ of machine work in
less than allotted
time.
Complete job in less
than allotted time.
Do.
Do.
Efficiency in excess of
100H per cent of set
standard.
37
BONUS SYSTEMS
T a b l e 8 . — Bonus
systems of 45foundries and 117 machine shops, 1929— C o n t in u e d
M ACHINE SHOPS-Continucd
Num
ber of
estab
lish
ments
Kind of bonus
(Time saving___
Employees entitled
All employees..
Attendance....... ----- do________
JTime saving.
-do.
(.Attendance..
.d o.
Group time sav
ing.
All productive employees.
All employees__
Time saving and
penalty.
Machine operators in roll
shop.
All productive employees.
..do.
Time saving__
Production..
____do.................
—do---------____d o ............. .
Profit sharing
and service.
Production..
Appraised labor
cost.
..do.
Machine operators in
transmission depart
ment.
Amount of bonus
Conditions
One-half of time saved at
regular rate.
10 per cent of earnings at
basic rates.
5 per cent of earnings at
basic rates.
Complete job in less
than allotted time.
Perfect attendance in
week.
Attendance with ab
sence of 1 day or less
in week.
Complete job in less
than allotted time.
Work full time in half
month.
Complete job in less
than allotted time.
One-half of time saved at
regular rate.
2H hours each half month
at regular rate.
All time saved prorated
among employees in
proportion to the time
worked by each at regu
lar rate.
.do.
One-half of time saved at
regular rate.
Penalty—-One-half of time
in excess of allowed time
at regular rate deducted
from earnings at basic
. rate.
One-half of time saved at
regular rate.
Penalty—One-half of time
in excess of allowed time
at regular rate deducted
from earnings at basic
. rate.
One-half of time saved at
regular rate.
Penalty-All time in ex
cess of allowed time at
regular rate deducted
from earnings at basic
. rate.
AH of time saved at regu
lar rate.
Do.
Do.
Penalty.
Complete job in less
than allotted time.
Penalty.
Complete job in less
than allotted time.
Penalty.
Complete job in less
than set standard.
Three-fourths of cost per Production in excess of
set standard.
piece for each one pro
duced over the set stand
ard. Cost per piece was
computed by dividing
the rate per hour of indi
vidual by the set stand
ard per hour. Produc
tion of less than the set
standard on any one or
more days required to
be made up and ex
ceeded to get bonus.
Do.
All productive employees. Not reported......................
Do.
.......do............................... One-half of production in
excess of set standard at
basic rate.
Do.
All employees..
One-fourth to all of pro
duction in excess of set
standard, varying with
nature of work at basic
rate.
All productive labor____ Average of 11 per cent of Profit by establish
ments sufficient to
yearly earnings at basic
warrant bonus and
rate.
service by employee
3 months prior to
beginning of quar
terly bonus period.
----- do_____
One-half of production In Production in excess of
set standard.
excess of set standard at
regular rate.
Assemblers..
<>ne-half of the difference Labor cost less than
“ appraised cost.”
when the actual was less
than the appraised labor
cost prorated on basis of
hours worked and rate.
All employees___________
38
WAGES AND HOURS— FOUNDRIES AND MACHINE SHOPS
T able
8. — Bonus systems of
foundries and 117 machine shops, 1929— Continued
MACHINE SHOPS—Continued
Num
ber of
estab
lish
ments
Kind of bonus
Employees entitled
Amount of bonus
Conditions
Appraised labor
cost.
All employees__________
Labor cost of job less
than the appraised
cost.
.....d o ........
All production employ
ees.
35 per cent of the differ
ence when the actual
was less than the ap
praised cost.
The difference when the
actual was less than the
appraised cost prorated
among employees by
earnings at basic rate.
One-half of the difference
when the actual was
less than the appraised
cost prorated among
employees by earnings
at basic rate.
Per cent of earnings at
basic rate increased by
sliding scale with per
cent of efficiency in ex
cess of the set standard.
5 per cent of earnings at
basic rate for efficiency
of 75 per cent of set
standard. The per cent
of earnings at basic rate
increased by sliding
scale to 25 for efficiency
of 100 per cent and to
30 for efficiency of 125
per cent of the set stand
ard.
Seven-tenths of 1 per cent
of earnings at basic rate
for efficiency of 68 per
cent of the set standard.
The per cent of earnings
increased by sliding
scale as efficiency in
creased, to 25 per cent
for efficiency of 100.
The bonus for each per
cent of efficiency over
100 was 1 per cent of
earnings at basic rate in
addition to the 25 per
cent for efficiency of 100
per cent.
The amount of the bonus
varies with the bonus
classes into which em
ployees are divided ac
cording to skill, etc. The
bonus is entirely inde
pendent of wage rate.
For efficiency of 50 per
cent of the set standard
the bonus was one-tenth
of the bonus for 100 per
cent of efficiency. Ex
ample: The bonus for
100 per cent of efficiency
was 25 cents per day for
Class I and for 50 per
cent was one-tenth of 25
cents of 2.5 cents per day.
For each per cent of in
crease in efficiency over
50, the bonus for 50 per
cent was increased by
nine-tenths of the bonus
for 100 per cent divided
by 50.
____do___
Efficiency..
..do..
_do_.
-do..
-do..
-do..
....d o _________ All employees..
Do.
Do.
Efficiency in excess of
set standard.
Efficiency of 75 per
per cent or more of
set standard.
Efficiency of 68 per
cent or more of set
standard.
Efficiency of 50 per
cent or more of set
standard.
39
BONUS SYSTEMS
T a b l e 8 ,—
Bonus systems of 45 foundries and 117 machine shops, 1929— C o n t in u e d
MACHINE SHOPS—Continued
Num
ber of
estab
lish
ments
Kind of bonus
Efficiency__ ___
____ do_________
Employees entitled
Machine operators.,
Aik productive employ-
Amount of bonus
Conditions
1 per cent of weekly earn
ings at basic rate for
efficiency of 72 per cent
of set standard. The per
cent of earnings at basic
rate increased by sliding
scales with efficiency to
20 for efficiency of 100
percent. The bonus for
each per cent of effi
ciency over 100 was 1
cent of earnings at
Eer
asic rate in addition to
the 20 per cent for effi
ciency of 100 per cent.
1 per cent of earnings at
basic rate for efficiency
of 75per cent of set stand
ard. The per cent of
earnings at basic rate
in c r e a se d by sliding
scales with efficiency to
20 per cent for efficiency
of 100.
5 hours at regular rate
each 4 weeks’ full at
tendance.
25 cents per night_______
Efficiency of 72 per
cent or more of set
standard.
Attendance..
All employees____ . . ___
____ do...........
Night productive work
ers.
Punctuality..
All employees---------------
2 hours per week at regular
rate.
Attendance..
___ d o________________
Service____
All in service 1 year or
longer.
Employees in service en
tire year.
All employees__________
One-fourth hour each day,
Monday to Friday, at
regular rate.
1 per cent of yearly earn
ings.
6 per cent of yearly earn
ings at basic rate.
5 per cent of earnings in
____ do___...
____ d o .. . . . .
____ d o . . . . . . . . . . ___ d o. . . . . . . . .
Service and effi
ciency.
T esters...__ _
Service and at
tendance.
All employees.
Christmas........
___ do.............
___ d o .. . . . . . . .
____ do___. . . . .
. . . _d o .. . . . . . . .
___ do...........
year at basic rate for
Efficiency in excess of
75 per cent of set
standard.
Full-time attendance
in 4 weeks.
Attendance of 9 or
more of the 13 regular
hours per night.
On time each day and
work full time in
week.
Full-time attendance
in week.
In service 1 year or
more.
In service entire year.
In service year or more.
service of 1 year; 6 per
cent for service over 1
and less than 2 years;
and 7 per cent for service
of 2 or more years.
V/2 per cent of earnings at In service 6 months or
basic rate for the 6
more.
months next preceding
payment of the bonus
for service of 6 months
and under 2M years; 2)4
per cent for service of
2Yt, and under 5 years;
5 per cent for service of
5 and under 7M years;
7 per cent for service of
7M years and over.
Banged from $1 for em Earnings of $20 or more
in week.
ployees who in week at
basic rate earned $20 to
$10 for those who earned
$60 in week.
Average of 6.65 per cent of Not reported.
earnings at basic rate
for service and atten
dance combined. The
maximum was 5 per cent
of earnings at basic rate
for service and 5 per cent
for attendance.
3 per cent of yearly earn On roll Christmas.
ings.
2 per cent of yearly earn
Do.
ings.
1 per cent of yearly earn
Do.
ings.
40
WAGES AND HOURS— FOUNDRIES AND MACHINE SHOPS
CLASSIFIED DAYS WORKED BY EMPLOYEES, 1929
Table 9 shows the percentage distribution of employees in 8 of
the representative occupations in foundries and 17 in machine shops
according to the number of days on which they worked in one week.
“ Days worked” as used in this table means the number of calendar
days or parts of days on which employees did some work. A full
day or any part of a day was counted as a day. The average num
ber of days worked by employees in the occupation is a simple
average obtained by dividing the aggregate number of days on which
any work was done by the total number of employees in the occupa
tion.
The table shows that 65 per cent of the 4,233 chippers and rough
grinders worked on 6 days during the week covered, 24 per cent on
5 days, 6 per cent on 4 days, 2 per cent on 3 days, 2 per cent on 2
days, and 1 per cent on 1 day, and also that 1 per cent worked on
7 days during the week. The average for all was 5.5 days.
T able 9. — Number of days on which employees in 8 specified occupations in
foundries and 17 in machine shops worked in one week, 1929, by sex
FOUNDRIES
Occupation and sex
Chippers and rough grinders:
Male............ .....................
Core makers:
Male___________________
Female_________ ____ ___
Laborers:
Male...................................
Molders, hand, bench:
Male......................... .........
Molders, hand, floor:
Male.................. ...... ......
Molders, machine:
Male..................................
Molders’ helpers, floor:
Male..................................
Pattern makers:
Male___________________
Average Per cent of employees who in one
week worked
number
Num
of days
ber of Number on which
estab of em employ
lish ployees
ees
4
1 2
5
7
worked day
ments
days days days days days days
in one
367
4,233
5.5
387
38
3,370
280
5.4
5.0
24
1
384
10,980
5.4
321
2,098
5.3
385
5,453
5.3
249
3,854
5.2
251
1,919
5.4
2
191
1,127
5.7
(0
1
1
1
MACHINE SHOPS
Assemblers:
Male.................................
Boring-mill operators:
Male......................... .... —
Drill-press operators:
Male_____________ . . . . . .
Fitters and bench hands:
Male.............................. ...
Grinding-machine operators:
Male______ _____ _____ _
Laborers:
Male..............................—
Lathe operators, engine:
Male............................ —
Lathe operators, turret:
Male______ ___________
Machinists:
Male....... ................. . . . . .
Less than 1 per cent.
0)
2
2
335
7,670
5.7
372
2,333
5.6
1
440
5,291
5.6
1
367
7,715
5.7
0)
313
2,888
5.6
0
452
8,506
5.7
1
421
5,640
5.7
1
359
3,855
5.6
379
3,036
6.7
0
1
0)
33
CLASSIFIED DAYS WORKED BY EMPLOYEES, 1929
41
T a b le 9 .— Number of days on which employees in 8 specified occupations in
foundries and 17 in machine shops worked in one week, 1929, by sex— Continued
M ACH IN E SHOPS—Continued
Occupation and sex
Machinists’ and toolmakers* helpers:
Male.............................................. —
Milling-machine operators:
Pattern makers:
Male............ ......... . . . . . . . . . . . _____
Planer operators:
Male............ .....................................
Screw-machine operators, hand:
Male___________________________
Screw-machine operators, semiauto
matic:
Male___________________________
Screw-machine operators, automatic:
Toolmakers:
Average Per cent of employees who in one
week worked
number
Num
of days
ber of Number on which
estab of em employ
lish ployees
ees
1
2
3
4
6
5
7
ments
worked day
days days days days days days
in one
week
229
1,006
5.7
1
1
2
3
13
77
358
3,440
5.7
1
1
3
17
76
288
1,652
5.7
1
1
2
13
82
344
1,963
5.7
<9
0)
(0
3
18
75
966
5.6
1
l
1
2
155
1
4
22
71
1
3
1
0
1
1
41
171
5.6
2
7
18
72
144
762
5.6
0)
0)
1
%5
22
71
0
350
2,850
5.7
1
1
1
2
12
83
0)
i Less than 1 per cent.
Indexes of employment and of pay rolls in foundries and machine
shops and for machine tools and steam fittings, etc. (machine shops
engaged in making tools used in machine shops and steam fittings,
etc., that require machining), are presented separately in Table 10
for each of the months and years from January, 1923, to December,
1929. The data as presented m all other tables of this report for
foundries and machine shops with the exception of Table 11 include
machine tools and steam fittings, etc. Since the data as published
by the bureau in monthly reports on “ Trend of employment” are
collected and compiled separately for machine tools and steam fittings,
etc., they are shown separately in this table. These numbers were
computed from the amount or volume of employment and the amount
of the pay rolls for each of the months and years as shown in this
table, with the 1926 average number of employees and the 1926
average amount of pay rolls taken as the base, or 100 per cent.
During the period January, 1923, to December, 1929, the monthly
volume of employment index in foundries and machine shops was
highest (120.5) in July, 1923, and lowest (85.9) in September, 1924,
and pay rolls were highest (118.8) in June, 1923, and lowest (77.5) in
September, 1924. Indexes by years were: Employment, 115.3 in
1923, 93 in 1924, 93.1 in 1925, 100 in 1926, 93.8 in 1927, 92.3 in 1928,
and 104.3 in 1929, and pay rolls were 110.7 in 1923, 87.2 in 1924,
90.6 in 1925, 100 in 1926, 92.4 in 1927,92.8 in 1928, and 108.1 in 1929.
42
W AGES AND HOURS— FOUNDRIES AND MACHINE SHOPS
T a b le
10.— Indexes of employment and of pay-roll totals, January, 1928, to
December, 1929, 62/ month and year
[Average for 1926=*100]
FOUNDRIES AND MACHINE SHOPS
Employment
Pay-roll totals
Month
1923
1924
1925
107.7
112.0
115.8
118.0
118.7
119.8
120.5
120.0
118.0
114.3
111.5
107.7
102.4
100.7
100.5
99.4
95.3
92.7
88.5
87.0
85.9
86.2
87.2
90.0
90.4
92.5
93.4
93.8
93.4
93.8
92.6
92.0
92.4
93.3
94.1
95.4
Average____ 115.3
93.0
January______
February____
March_______
April________
M ay________
June................
July................
August............
September___
October______
November___
December____
1926
1927
1928
1929
1923
1924
1925
96.9 97.1
99.7 99.4
101.2 99.5
101.2 98.0
100.6 96.0
102.4 94.9
101.4 93.7
101.2 93.2
100.6 91.1
99.7 89.3
97.0 86.6
98.4 86.4
86.3
88.4
89.9
90.7
92.4
92.8
92.7
93.2
94.2
94.9
95.6
96.3
97.6
101.3
104.4
106.8
108.3
108.6
108.4
105*3
105.7
104.7
101.2
99.3
94.8
100.7
107.1
112.8
116.8
118.8
116.8
115.0
114.4
113.8
109.3
108.6
95.9
96.0
96.6
96.1
91.7
810
78.2
78.2
77.5
80.4
81.7
87.6
86.6
91.0
92.6
90.6
91.9
91.0
88.2
87.9
85.5
91.7
93.4
96.5
92.3 104.3 110.7
87.2
90.6 100.0
93.1 100.0
93.8
1927
1928
1929
95.7 95.2
100.9 101.4
103.4 101.7
102.3 98.2
102.0 96.6
103.7 94.6
98.2 90.1
100.0 91.0
97.8 86.9
100.2 85.9
96.3 82.7
99.6 84.9
82.4
88.2
90.8
91.1
93.6
94.8
91.8
93.6
93.7
97.9
96.8
99.0
97.7
106.7
111.0
114.1
115.4
113.5
109.7
109.0
108.1
109.5
102.5
100.2
92.8
108.1
100.4 100.1 88.4
101.0 99.6 94.1
102.1 99.1 98.2
101.9 95.3 101.5
99.4 94.7 104.0
99.1 93.3 106.3
96.8 87.1 103.5
90.1 80.6 100.8
98.2 89.6 113.4
102.8 89.3 120.9
103.6 88.2 125.6
104.5 90.0 132.8
129.1
138.0
142.3
144.0
143.1
144.1
140.4
137.6
143.9
146.5
137.4
131.1
1926
92.4
MACHINE TOOLS
January_____
February........
M a r ch ______
April...............
M ay......... ......
June...............
July.................
August............
September___
October...........
November___
December.......
------
90.8
92.2
92.3
89.8
107."9~ 86.3
107.0 83.7
104.2 77.3
80.2 66.9
98.9 75.4
98.4 75.3
94.2 76.3
94.2 78.3
Average....... 98.1
82.0
80.7
81.9
81.4
81.6
82.1
83.5
84.9
79.0
88.3
92.0
95.7
98.8
100.2 100.9 88.3 120.1
100.6 100.1 90.7 124.3
102.0 98.8 92.6 129.0
101.5 97.0 95.1 129.7
100.2 94.4 97.7 130.3
99.6 93.3 99.4 132.3
99.4 90.6 100.9 133.2
90.7 81.1 95.4 131.2
100.4 SO. 4 106.8 134.9
101.8 90.2 110.2 135.8
102.3 88.6 114.2 132.0
101.9 88.5 118.2 124.6
85.8 100.0
92.8 100.8 129.8
------ 83.6
85.8
_ 86.1
84.4
95.5
97.3
91.5
73.5
88.8
88.6
85.0
87.4
80.9
77.5
66.9
57.8
65.3
67.2
69.1
74.4
88.5
74.9
76.2
78.3
77.5
78.0
79.6
81.1
82.4
77.9
81.3
91.9
95.8
101.1
83.4 100.0
92.2 107.5
139.8
STEAM FITTINGS, ETC.
January..........
February
March_______
A p ril__- ___
M a y .—...........
June_________
July.................
August............
September----October...........
November___
December____
i06.2
106.0
105.3
105.6
104.8
103.4
99.3
96.0
Average....... 103.3
97.8
99.6
102.6
104.5
102.1
100.1
96.6
97.5
97.9
98.1
96.0
90.1
96.5
98.6
98.6
97.5
97.0
96.9
97.2
99.7
101.9
105.8
105.8
105.2
103.0 90.8 80.8 81.2
105.0 94.9 83.1 84.3
103.4 93.9 84.3 82.6
102.6 94.0 84.3 81.4
100.8 92.9 84.4 78.2 102.7
101.3 93.6 84.1 76.6 102.4
97.9 94.1 80.7 72.8 98.7
100.2 94.5 86.8 76.6 93.8
100.4 96.1 83.0 77.2 97.8
99.0 93.7 83.0 79.1 99.9
95.5 88.3 79.4 78.5 94.6
90.5 83.4 72.8 74.0 94.4
92.7
100.5
105.0
104.8
102.2
97.8
90.9
91.6
94.4
97.4
83.0
84.2
82.2
95.4
98.6 100.1 100.0
92.5
78.5
98.0
102.4
104.9
105.0
102.5
100.7
103.7
96.3
99.8
100.8
101.1
93.1
89.6
89.1
97.4
96.2
94.3
94.1
94.5
90.9
95.7
94.8
93.5
82.0
80.2
75.5
84.9
84.9
82.2
86.1
85.5
80.4
87.8
82.4
82.8
78.1
72.2
78.4
88.0
85. 7
82.8
79.6
76.4
70.8
76.2
78.2
82.8
76.5
69.6
97.4 100.0
91.9
81.9
78.8
94.3
101.1
100.7
92.3
95.1
91.4
92.0
97.0
93.2
106.2
102.0
103.0
IMPORTANCE OF FOUNDRIES AND MACHINE SHOPS
The importance of this industry may be judged from the fact that
nearly all, if not all, other industries depend upon the products of
foundries and machine shops for tools and machinery to carry on their
business.
The figures shown in Table 11 were taken from the United States
census reports for years 1914,1919,1921,1923,1925, and 1927. These
figures are shown under six different headings: Foundries and machine
shops; engines, steam, gas, and water; machine tools; pumps (hand
and power) and pumping equipment; steam fittings, etc.; and textile
IMPORTANCE OF FOUNDRIES AND MACHINE SHOPS
43
machinery. While these articles are practically all produced in
foundries and machine shops, the different groups have grown to such
importance as to be treated separately by the census. Under these
six headings are shown for each of the six years the number of estab
lishments, the cost of material, the value of products, the average
number of employees, the average number of wage earners, amounts
paid to wage earners, and the average per capita yearly earnings of
wage earners as computed by the Bureau of Labor Statistics.
T a b le
1 1 .— Establishments, cost of material, value of products, wage earners, and
earnings of wage earners, in specified years, 1914 to 1927
[From United States Census of Manufactures, 1925 and 1927]
Industry
Foundries and machine shops:
1914...........................................
1919............................................
1921............................................
1923............................................
1925............................................
1927............................................
Engines, steam, gas, and water:
1914............................................
1919............................................
1921............................................
1923............................................
1925............................................
1927-.--.....................................
Machine tools:
1914............................................
1919............................................
1921............................................
1923............................................
1925............................................
1927.............. - ............................
Pumps, steam and other power:
1914............................................
1919............................................
1921............................................
1923............................................
1925............................................
1927........... ................................
Steam fittings, etc:
1914............................................
1919............................................
1921............................................
1923............................................
1925............................................
1927........... - ...............................
Textile machinery:
1914............................................
1919............................................
1921............................................
1923...........................................
1925............................................
1927............................................
Total:
1914............................................
1919............................................
1921............................................
1923............................................
1925............................................
1927............................................
Average
Amount per capita
paid to
yearly
wage
earnings
earners of wage
earners
Number Cost of
Average
of estab mate Value of number
lish
products
of em
rial
ments
ployees
Average
number
of wage
earners
Millions Millions
$867
$358
2,289
948
653
1,566
2,337
936
884
2,233
873
2,260
421,149
569,646
390,816
532,821
481,212
482,755
362,471
482,767
321,363
448,777
397,838
397,814
Millions
$244
623
412
642
591
591
$673. 56
1,289.59
1,283.16
1,431.52
1,485.03
1,485.78
21
105
52
71
74
85
722.28
1,358.41
1,462.17
1,461. 55
1,440.05
1,560.35
66
25
47
47
52
0)
1,246.05
1,185.14
1,418.42
1,515.08
1,484. 75
10,640
10,934
9,013
8,631
8,154
8,318
446
370
296
249
220
215
(0
403
348
350
329
355
31
218
112
125
146
165
72
465
199
267
314
368
36,106
96,193
43,691
57,695
59,394
63,433
29,657
77,617
35,567
48,495
51,099
54,341
59
24
41
44
46
0)
212
68
137
144
160
0)
61,630
25,854
40,101
37,279
42,642
0)
53, 111
21,307
33,373
30,831
35,269
8,722
17,154
16,442
19,124
23,333
24,609
8,322
16,072
12,186
14,550
17,935
18,671
6
20
14
20
25
27
667.53
1,227. 70
1,146.36
1,373.92
1,409.43
1,452.46
31,638
43,791
37,004
51,127
49,974
49,599
26,388
36,686
30,808
44,141
43,260
42,893
17
46
40
65
64
65
634.30
1,246.87
1,285. 25
1,468.17
1,478.95
1,511.93
37
39
46
37
36
0)
1,147.87
1,251.59
1,290.16
1,344.28
1,394.86
288
897
582
891
838
856
674.40
1,283.89
1,286.91
1,426.33
1,472.88
1,489.50
0
183
239
221
229
253
278
9
36
27
34
50
53
295
261
274
236
225
232
27
72
50
83
77
77
24
85
70
93
120
131
64
160
127
222
229
225
46
45
50
39
36
0)
122
129
141
122
117
0
35,772
34,469
40,041
32,530
30,438
(0
31,823
31,025
35,672
27,869
26,154
425
1,379
911
1,269
1,240
1,250
1,027
3,333
2,159
3,197
3,162
3,261
497,615
824,186
548,276
740,909
683, 722
693,476 |
426,838
698,076
452,256
625,008
568,832
575,142
0)
432
421
428
379
367
11,564
12,639
10,573
10,023
9,560
9,765
(*)
C)
<*)
1Included in foundries and machine shops prior to 1919.
A comparison of the total figures for the six census years shows
that the number of employees for 1919 is greater than for either of
the other years, while the 1927 average per capita yearly earnings are
greater than for any other year. The conditions for the year 1919
44
WAGES AND HOURS— FOUNDRIES AND MACHINE SHOPS
were abnormal. The demands upon the industry caused by the World
War were still in effect and were largely responsible for the unusual
numbers of employees, the large number of establishments, the high
value of the products, and the large sum paid to wage earners. While
the figures for 1919 are abnormally high, those for 1921 are abnormally
low. A period of great depression in the industry followed the census
for 1919, and extended into the census for 1921. The figures for
1923 show that the industry had by that time recovered from the
slump of 1921, and had entered upon a period of development more
nearly approximating natural or normal growth in the industry than
is shown by the figures for either 1919 or 1921. The figures for 1925
and 1927, compared with those for 1923, show decreases in number
of establishments and of wage earners and in amount paid to wage
earners, and increases in the average per capita yearly earnings.
SCOPE AND METHOD
The figures presented in this bulletin are limited to wage earners and
cover all workers of this class, beginning with those who receive the
raw materials and supplies, including all who perform the various
operations of manufacture, and ending with those who pack or other
wise prepare the product for shipment. Executive employees, clerks,
employees engaged in construction or repair of buildings, employees in
forge and boiler shops, and those whose duties were mamly supervisory
are excluded.
The 1929 study of the industry, like those of former years, covered a
representative group of establishments in each State where foundries
and machine shops are of material importance. On account of the
very large variety of products manufactured in machine shops, the
study was limited to those establishments in which the machinery
used was fairly comparable. The machine shops included in the
study are engaged in the machining and assembling of parts for and
the construction of engines; of textile, glass-blowing, flour-milling,
mining, laundry, woodworking, excavating, road-building, hoisting,
steel-mill and rolling-mill machinery; of ice, brick, rubber, shoe, and
sugar-making machinery; of cotton gins, elevators, conveyors, pumps,
pipe-line equipment, printing presses, valves and other machined
fittings for heating, steam and water systems; and also machine tools
(machines used in machine shops), etc. A number of machine shops
which were engaged in repair work are also included. While the
machines used in the establishments included in the study vary in
type and size with the product manufactured, the operations are
essentially the same. No machine shops were included whose
principal product was agricultural implements, automobiles or auto
mobile parts, dynamos, motors, magnets, or other electrical units,
locomotive railroad cars or car wheels, cash registers, calculating
machines, typewriters, sewing machines, hardware, stoves, or stove
equipment.
The foundries included were mainly engaged in casting parts for
the same class of products as those made in the machine shops covered
in the study. In a lai'ge number of cases data were obtained from one
company or plant for both a foundry and a machine shop. No
forge or boiler shop was included if it was operated as a separate unit.
45
SCOPE AND METHOD
The 1929 study covered 399 foundries and 508 machine shops in 28
States. In selecting establishments from which to obtain data the
bureau undertook to represent all States in which the industry is of
material importance, the measure of importance being the number of
wage earners as reported by the United States Census of Manufactures.
T a b l e 1 2 . — Number
of wage earners in 1927, as reported by the United States
Census of Manufactures, and the number of establishments and wage earners for
which data are shown for 1929, by State
Number of establishments and of employees for which data are
shown by the Bureau of Labor Statistics for 1929
State
Wage earners
in foundries
and machine
shops re
ported by
United States
census, in 1927
Foundries
Machine shops
Foundries and ma
chine shops com
bined
Establish Employ Establish Employ Establish Employ
ees
ments
ees
ments
ments
ees
Alabama__ _____ . . . ___
California_____________
Colorado______________
Connecticut____ . ______
Georgia_______________
Illinois...___ . _______...
Tnriiftnft_____________ _
Iowa__________________
Kansas__ _____________
Kentucky___ __ _____
Louisiana.. . . . ________
Maine________________
Maryland_____________
Massachusetts_________
Michigan.
Minnesota_____________
Missouri______________
New Hampshire_______
New Jersey____________
New York_____________
Ohio................................
Oregon__ ___ __________
Pennsylvania._________
Rhode Island__________
Tennessee..............
Texas_________________
Washington...........* ___
Wisconsin_____________
All other States.— . ____
2,974
16,630
1,436
26.153
3,018
62.154
24,354
6,258
2,783
2,120
1,378
1,048
3,657
39,486
56,529
7,214
8,617
3,016
26,003
57,187
72,406
1,536
75,197
5,754
2,671
5,881
2,714
32,619
24,349
4
18
3
16
8
28
16
9
9
7
4
4
7
28
37
6
15
6
16
28
44
5
39
9
7
6
7
13
190
1,185
307
1,629
429
3,665
2,485
959
260
207
246
248
421
2,410
4,439
457
764
143
2,403
3,446
4,331
208
5,304
1,077
382
278
316
2,202
6
23
2
19
8
36
16
6
10
10
5
4
7
38
36
8
19
6
28
32
85
6
48
10
8
10
7
15
284
2,133
654
4,111
332
11,205
3,014
1,032
436
652
217
650
705
7,768
5,841
856
1,153
572
3,669
9,369
14,287
396
12,690
3,215
541
742
732
4,255
10
41
5
35
16
64
32
15
19
17
9
8
14
66
73
14
34
12
44
60
129
11
87
19
15
16
14
28
474
3,318
961
5,740
761
14,870
5,499
1,991
696
859
463
898
1,126
10,178
10,280
1,313
1,917
715
6,072
12,815
18,598
604
17,994
4,292
923
1,020
1,048
6,457
Total____________
575,142
399
40,391
508
91,491
907
131,882
The actual number of plants and of wage earners covered in both
foundries and machine shops in each State in 1929 is shown in Table
12. For comparison the figures as reported by the United States
Census of Manufactures for 1927, the latest year for which figures
are available, are also shown. The table shows that 96 per cent of
the wage earners employed in foundries and machine shops are located
in the 28 States covered by the bureau and that data for 23 per cent of
them are shown in this report.
The data included in the 1929 study were taken by agents of the
bureau for practically all establishments directly from the pay rolls,
time-clock cards, and other records of the establishments for a repre
sentative pay period. A few establishments prepared data for the
bureau from their records. Data were taken for only part of the
46
WAGES AND HOURS— FOUNDRIES AND MACHINE SHOPS
total number of wage earners in a few very large establishments, as
the inclusion of all of them would have tended to impair the repre
sentative averages for the States in which these establishments are
located. A very large per cent of the establishments included in the
report pays employees every week compared with a small per cent
that pays every two weeks or twice each month. Data for those
that pay every two weeks or half month were so taken as to make
it possible to present figures for one week for wage earners in all
establishments. Approximately 93 per cent of the 1929 data are
for a pay-roll period in June, July, August, or September. The aver
ages, therefore, are fairly representative of wage conditions in those
months.
The average earnings per hour for employees in each occupation
were computed by dividing the total weekly earnings of all employees
in the occupation during the pay-roll period by the total hours worked
in one week by such employees.
The average full-time hours per week were computed by dividing
the total full-time hours per week of all employees in the occupation
by the number of employees in the occupation during the pay period
covered. The full-time hours of each employee were used in arriving
at this average, even though some employees worked more or less than
full time on account of entering or leaving the service during the pay
period, overtime, sickness, disability, or some other cause.
Average full-time earnings per week for employees of each occupa
tion were computed by multiplying the average earnings per hour of
all employees in the occupation by the average full-time hours per
week. This assumes that the earnings for full time would have been
at the same average rate per hour as during the time that was actually
worked in the pay period covered.
GENERAL TABLES
In addition to the text tables already shown, five general tables,
which show the data in considerable detail, are presented as follows:
T a b l e A.—Average number of days on which employees worked,
average full-time and actual hours and earnings per week, average
earnings per hour, and per cent of full time worked, 1929, by occupa
tion, sex, and State.
This table shows for each occupation and State all of the various
averages which have been computed from the data collected in 1929.
The presentation in this table in parallel columns of “ Average full
time hours per week” and “ Average hours actually worked in one
week” is for the purpose of easy comparison of the average hours
actually worked in one week with the hours that would have been
worked in one week had all employees in the occupation worked no
more nor less than full time. One shows the average full-time hours
per week under normal conditions, while the other shows the average
hours actually worked in one week by all employees in the occupation.
Tables B, C, D, and E are distribution tables and are limited to
25 principal occupations—8 in foundries and 17 in machine shops.
T a b l e B.—Average and classified earnings per hour in 25 specified
occupations, 1929, by sex and State.
47
GENERAL TABLES
T a b l e C . —Average and classified full-time hours per week in 25
specified occupations, 1929, by sex and State.
T a b l e D.—Average and classified hours actually worked in one
week in 25 specified occupations, 1929, by sex and State.
T a b l e E.—Average and classified actual earnings in one week in
25 specified occupations, 1929, by sex and State.
Average number of days on which employees worked, average full-time
and actual hours and earnings per week, average earnings per hour, and per cent
of full time worked, 1929, by occupation, sex, and State
T a b l e A .—
FOUNDRIES
Occupation, sex, and State
Chippers, and rough grinders,
male:
Alabama____________ - __ __
California _________________
Colorado___________________
Connecticut________________
Georgia____________________
Aver
age
Num Num num
ber of
ber of
estab ofber
em days
lish
ments ployees worked
in one
week
Per
Aver
Aver Aver
cent of Aver age Aver
age
age
age
full
full
hours
age
full
time earn time earn
actu
time
ings
hours ings earn
ally
hours worked
made
actu
per
ings in
per
one
ally
hour
per
in
one
week week worked
week week
5.3
5.6
5.7
5.4
5.7
5.3
5.7
5.2
5.8
5.9
5.6
5.8
5.7
5.5
5.4
5.6
5.7
5.5
5.5
5.4
5.4
5.7
5.5
5.5
5.3
5.7
5.2
5.5
53.9
45.8
49.8
49.4
52.9
51.8
53.1
53.2
58.7
48.7
56.2
53.5
52.0
49.4
52.1
51.9
52.6
51.2
50.3
49.5
53.6
45.5
52.3
51.0
49.4
52.2
48.2
52.3
46.8
45.8
51.7
49.5
54.3
49.0
51.8
46.5
52.5
54.2
49.5
57.2
50.2
46.3
50.3
47.8
50.7
49.6
50.0
50.5
50.2
44.0
49.7
48.4
46.1
48.7
42.2
50.0
86.8 $0,318 $17.14 $14.87
100.0
.628 28.76
28.76
103.8
.486 24.20
25.11
100.2
.516 25.49
25.53
102.6
.235 12.43
12.74
94.6
.595 30.82
29.16
.509 27.03
97.6
26.35
87.4
.522 27.77
24.29
89.4
.366 21.48
19.23
111.3
.408 19.87
22.13
88.1
.343 19.28
16.98
106.9
.433 23.17
24.78
96.5
.439 22.83
22.01
93.7
.535 26.43
24.78
96.5
.571 29.75
28.71
92.1
.510 26.47
24.38
96.4
.485 25.51
24.58
96.9
.480 24.58
23.80
99.4
.576 28.97
28.84
102.0
.598 29.60
30.18
93.7
.496 26.59
24.88
96.7
.558 25.39
24.58
95.0
.540 28.24
26.84
94.9
.518 26.42
25.08
93.3
.297 14.67
13.71
93.3
.348 18.17
16.97
87.6
.656 31. 62 27.69
95.6
.623 32.58
31.18
Kentucky_________________
Louisiana__________________
Maine __________________
Maryland ________________
Massachusetts ________ _
Michigan. ...............
Minnesota_________________
Missouri___________________
New Hampshire____________
New Jersey __________ ;____
New York_________________
Ohio________ ______________
3
18
3
15
7
26
16
9
9
6
3
4
7
26
32
6
15
5
14
24
38
Pennsylvania______________
Rhode Islan d._____________
Tennessee__________________
Texas______________________
Washington________________
Wisconsin_________________
39
8
5
5
7
12
?3
1?3
44
111
50
449
170
103
37
15
39
44
43
346
401
46
71
19
293
334
365
26
593
149
60
30
32
217
Total.....................................
367
4,233
5.5
51.4
49.4
96.1
538
27.65
26.59
Core makers, male:
Alabama.. ________________
California__________________
Colorado___________________
Connecticut________________
Georgia____________________
Illinois_____________________
Indiana____________________
Iowa______________________
Kansas____________________
Kentucky____ _____________
Louisiana__________________
Maine_____________________
Maryland _ _______________
Massachusetts______________
Michigan__________________
Minnesota_________________
Missouri___________________
New Hampshire. _________
New Jersey _______________
New York_________________
Ohio___ ______________ ____
Oregon____________________
Pennsylvania______________
Rhode Island_______________
Tennessee________________
3
18
3
16
7
27
16
9
8
7
3
4
6
28
35
6
15
5
15
27
44
5
38
9
7
11
140
22
114
33
331
177
88
19
12
9
13
43
169
344
41
66
8
128
282
393
15
522
87
34
5.8
5.7
5.8
5.2
5.6
5.5
5.5
5.1
5.7
5.6
5.7
5.5
5.4
5.3
5.3
5.1
5.6
5.4
5.5
5.4
5.5
6.0
5.2
5.6
5.3
53.9
45.0
48.5
48.6
52.2
49.4
50.9
52.1
54.6
49.4
55.6
50.2
50.6
48.6
50.9
51.8
51.1
50.8
51.5
50.1
50.1
46.1
50.2
50.4
49.1
52.1
44.4
47.4
44.9
49.7
47.6
47.7
46.3
51.4
47.0
50.8
47.5
48.0
44.0
47.0
43.2
46.9
46.4
47.8
49.6
48.7
44.8
44.8
50.9
44.1
96.7
98.7
97.7
92.4
95.2
96.4
93.7
88.9
94.1
95.1
91.4
94.6
94.9
90.5
92.3
83.4
91.8
91.3
92.8
99.0
97.2
97.2
89.2
101.0
89.8
.589
.923
.788
.778
.421
.741
.723
.756
.569
.647
.736
.459
.620
.842
.711
.654
.745
.623
.835
.711
.784
.720
.749
.657
.592
31.75
41. 54
38.22
37.81
21.98
36.61
36.80
39.39
31.07
31.96
40.92
23.04
31.37
40.92
36.19
33.88
38.07
31.65
43.00
35.62
39.28
33.19
37.60
33.11
29.07
30 69
40.’ 99
37.38
34.92
20.94
35.28
34.50
35.00
29.25
30.42
37.39
21.78
29.78
37.06
33.38
28.28
34.93
28.88
39.91
35.26
38.18
32 22
33.52
33.45
26.10
Illinois .
_
Indiana____________________
Iowa__ ___________________
______________________
Oregon___________ __________
5
48
WAGES AND HOURS— FOUNDRIES AND MACHINE SHOPS
Average number of days on which employees worked, average full-time
and actual hours and earnings per week, average earnings per hour, and per cent
of full time worked, 1929, by occupation, sext and State— Continued
T a b l e A ,—
FOUNDRIES—Continued
Occupation, sex, and State
Aver
Num Num age
num
ber of
ber of
estab ofber
days
em
lish
ments ployees worked
in one
week
Per
Aver
Aver Aver
age
cent of Aver age Aver
age
age
hours
full
age
full
full
actu
time earn time earn
time
ings
ally
hours ings earn
hours worked
made,
actu
per
ings in
per
one
in
one
ally
hour
per
week
week worked
week week
Core makers, male—Continued.
Texas.......................................
Washington.............................
Wisconsin................................
6
7
13
23
24
222
5.1
5.4
5.5
48.4
48.1
49.0
42.5
43.3
47.7
87.8 $0.578 $27.98
90.0
.818 39.35
97.3
.740 36.26
$24.52
35.46
35.32
Total___ - ..................- .........
387
3,370
5.4
49.9
46.9
94.0
.744
37.13
34.95
Core makers, female:
Georgia..... ...............................
Illinois........ .............................
Indiana..... ...............................
Kentucky................................
Massachusetts.........................
Michigan.................................
New Jersey.............................
New York...............................
Ohio.........................................
Pennsylvania..........................
Rhode Island...........................
Wisconsin................................
1
4
2
2
1
10
3
5
1
2
3
4
(l)
24
22
3
0)
70
35
51
0)
17
10
36
0)
4.6
5.3
5.7
0)
4.6
5.2
5.3
0)
4.5
5.8
5.3
0)
48.2
50.0
50.0
0)
50.7
49.7
48.8
0)
48.4
53.0
45.6
0)
37.8
45.2
48.3
C1)
39.3
42.7
43.7
0)
39.1
49.8
39.4
0)
78.4
90.4
96.6
0)
77.5
85.9
89.5
0)
80.8
94.0
86.4
0)
.489
.506
.412
0)
.435
.490
.490
(0
.344
.417
.526
0)
23.57
25.30
20.60
0)
22.05
24.35
23.91
0)
16.65
22.10
23.99
0)
18.49
22.88
19.92
0)
17.11
20.89
21.43
0)
13.45
20.77
20.73
Total.....................................
38
280
5.0
49.1
41.6
84.7
.469
23.03
19.51
Crane operators, male:
Alabama..................................
California...... ..........................
Colorado..................................
Connecticut.............................
Georgia....................................
Illinois.....................................
Indiana....................................
Io w a .......................................
Kentucky................................
Louisiana........ ........................
Maine......................................
Maryland................................
Massachusetts.........................
Michigan.................................
Minnesota...............................
Missouri..................................
New Jersey....... ......................
New York................................
Ohio.........................................
Oregon.....................................
Pennsylvania.......................
Rhode Island...........................
Tennessee............................
Texas.......................................
Washington.............................
Wisconsin................................
3
10
2
11
5
15
12
6
2
1
3
6
18
17
5
8
11
12
27
3
35
6
2
2
3
12
5
22
13
54
5
66
30
19
4
0)
4
7
51
74
15
24
72
81
89
5
175
8
7
3
8
83
5.0
5.9
5.7
5.5
5.8
5.6
5.8
4.5
6.0
0)
5.8
5.9
5.6
5.5
5.4
5.7
5.9
5.9
5.8
6.0
5.6
5.6
5.3
5.7
5.0
5.8
53.9
51.9
50.7
50.2
53.9
53.4
52.5
53.2
50.0
0)
48.0
51.4
48.4
55.6
52.8
49.9
51.6
50.2
54.7
44.8
52.0
49.8
49.7
54.3
48.0
53.8
48.8
52.4
57.7
50.0
56.7
57.7
52.3
41.1
61.0
0)
56.5
52.5
50.2
55.7
50.4
51.3
59.2
61.7
55.6
48.4
53.6
57.7
50.5
60.1
42.5
58.7
90.5
101.0
113.8
99.6
105.2
108.1
99.6
77.3
122.0
0)
117.7
102.1
103.7
100.2
95.5
102.8
114.7
122.9
101.6
108.0
103.1
115.9
101.6
110.7
88.5
109.1
.519
.638
.516
.545
.406
.641
.573
.564
.468
0)
.550
.452
.593
.599
.471
.632
.576
.633
.584
.656
.565
.561
.381
.349
.675
.578
27.97
33.11
26.16
27.36
21.88
34.23
30.08
30.00
23.40
0)
26.40
23.23
28.70
33.30
24.87
31.54
29.72
31.78
31.94
29.39
29.38
27.94
18.94
18.95
32.40
31.10
25.31
33.45
29.77
27.26
23.03
36.97
30.00
23.14
28.54
0)
31.06
23.72
29.80
33.34
23.74
32.45
34.10
39.10
32.48
31.78
30.28
32.39
19.24
21.00
28.64
33.94
Total.....................................
237
927
5.7
52.2
55.0
105.4
.582
30.38
32.04
Cupola tenders, male:
Alabama..................................
California................................
Colorado..................................
Connecticut.............................
Georgia....................................
Illinois-..................................
Indiana....................................
Iowa......... ...............................
Kansas.....................................
Kentucky................................
Louisiana........... ....................
Maine.................................... .
Maryland................................
Massachusetts....................... .
Michigan.................... .............
Minnesota................................
4
16
2
16
8
27
15
8
8
7
4
4
7
25
29
5
4
18
2
23
8
35
23
13
8
11
4
5
10
31
37
5
5.8
5.8
6.5
5.5
5.4
5.8
5.5
5.3
5.5
5.4
6.0
5.6
5.6
5.5
5.8
6.0
52.4
46.2
51.1
50.7
54.8
51.6
53.1
51.7
54.8
51.1
56.5
48.4
50.4
49.0
51.5
52.5
52.4
49.0
57.2
50.6
50.9
56.4
49.9
49.0
52.0
49.9
55.2
50.7
49.3
49.2
54.8
64.7
100.0
106.1
111.9
99.8
92.9
109.3
94.0
94.8
94.9
97.7
97.7
104.8
97.8
99.4
106.4
104.2
.385 20.17
.749 34.60
.794 40.57
.683 34.63
.425 23.29
.730 37.67
.605 32.13
.595 30.76
.480 26.30
.501 25.60
.437 24.69
.581 28.12
.547 27.57
.704 34.85
.665 34.25
.629 33.02
20.17
36.68
45.39
34.57
21.61
41.20
30.15
29.16
24.95
25.03
24.09
29.47
26.97
34.61
86.46
8138
i Data included in totaL
49
GENERAL TABLES
T able A .— Average number of days on which employees worked, average full-time
and actual hours and earnings per week, average earnings per hour, and per cent
of full time worked, 1929, by occupation, sea;, and /SZaZe— Continued
F O U N D R IE S - Continued
Occupation, sex, and State
Cupola tenders, male—Contd.
Missouri______
New Hampshire
Ohio.........................................
Oregon____________________
Pennsylvania. .................
Rhode Island___ _ _____
Tennessee, . .
Texas __ . . . . . . ___ -______ _
Wisconsin_________________
Total . . . . ______ ___
Laborers, male:
Alabama____ —____ . . . . . . . . .
California
Colorado____________ ______
Connecticut
Georgia______ — ____ . . . ___
Illinois_____ ______________
Indiana..__________________
Iowa . . . . . . . . . . ____ — __ __
Kansas___ ——_____________
Kentucky__________________
Louisiana...
„
Maine____ . . . . . ____________
Maryland__________________
Massachusetts_. . . ___ . . . ___
Michigan__ __. . . __________
Minnesota___ ___ _______
Missouri___________________
New Hampshire____________
New Jersey_____________ - __
New York__ ______ __ ____ _
Ohio.........................................
Oregon____________________
Pennsylvania___________ _
Rhode Island.._____________
Tennessee__ _______________
Texas______ . . . ____________
Washington______ __________
Wisconsin.. . . . ___ ________
Total____________________
Aver
age
Num Num num
ber of ber
ber
of
estab of em days
lish ployees worked
ments
in one
week
Per
Aver
Aver Aver
age
cent of Aver age Aver
age
age
hours
full
full
age
full
actu
time earn time earn
time
ings
ally
hours ings earn
hours worked
actu
ings made
per
per
one
ally
per in one
hour
week in
week worked
week week
15
6
16
23
42
4
37
9
7
5
6
9
16
6
32
38
53
6
69
14
9
5
6
9
5.6
5.3
5.9
5.6
5.8
5.8
5.5
5.9
5.6
5.4
5.8
5.6
52.7
50.7
50.3
49.3
52.6
47.3
51.0
51.2
48.9
48.6
48.5
51.3
51.7
45.7
57.6
55.1
53.4
46.4
51.8
58.8
46.1
47.0
49.3
55.9
98.1 $0,630 $33.20
90.1
.610 30.93
114.5
.628 31.59
111.8 .643 31.70
101.5
.655 34.45
98.1
.659 31.17
.627 31.98
101.6
114.8 .577 29.54
.433 21.17
94.3
96.7
.485 23.57
101.6
.712 34.53
109.0 .648 33.24
$32.54
27.88
36.16
35.46
34.97
30.55
32.48
33.94
19.94
22.76
35.13
36.25
364
500
5.7
51.0
52.6
103.1
.634
32.33
33.34
4
18
3
16
8
28
16
9
9
6
4
1
7
26
33
6
15
6
14
27
44
5
38
9
7
5
7
13
64
295
55
481
157
1,067
865
247
63
57
106
0
91
493
1,147
114
169
17
723
1,000
1,356
38
1,350
230
100
86
62
514
5.3
5.6
4.9
5.2
5.5
5.3
5.2
5.3
5.6
5.1
5.3
0
5.7
5.4
5.3
5.1
5.3
5.1
5.2
5.4
5.5
5.7
5.4
5.6
5.1
5.0
5.1
5.6
53.4
46.4
51.0
51.7
54.5
50.6
53.9
53.9
54.2
50.1
56.6
0
53.3
48.7
52.7
53.1
53.7
50.5
50.8
51.5
53.4
46.1
52.7
52.2
49.1
52.8
48.5
53.1
48.7
48.6
48.6
48.5
52.1
49.2
48.3
49.3
51.4
46.7
49.7
0
52.6
45.7
50.4
45.5
48.7
44.0
49.1
53.2
52.3
46.0
50.7
53.8
42.9
47.1
43.4
53.5
91.2
104.7
95.3
93.8
95.6
97.2
89.6
91.5
94.8
93.2
87.8
0)
98.0
93.8
95.6
85.7
90.7
87.1
96.7
103.3
97.9
99.8
96.2
103.1
87.4
89.2
89.5
100.8
.297
.585
.424
.501
.261
.541
.462
.483
.369
.387
.293
0
.391
.518
.533
.449
.431
.456
.499
.534
.467
.514
.468
.514
.291
.343
.573
.515
15.86
27.14
21.62
25.90
14.22
27.37
24.90
26.03
20.00
19.39
16.58
0
21.00
25.23
28.09
23.84
23.14
23.03
25.35
27.50
24.94
23.70
24.66
26.83
14.29
18.11
27.79
27.35
14.45
28.45
20.62
24.31
13.63
26.61
22.30
23.85
19.01
18.10
14.56
0
20.56
23.68
26.84
20.46
21.02
20.06
24.48
28.41
24.41
23.64
23.71
27.65
12.49
16.13
24.83
27.58
384 10,980
5.4
52.1
50.2
96.4
.490
25.53
24.59
0
Laborers, female:
Illinois__________ ______ . . . .
Indiana____________________
Michigan___ _____________ _
New Jersey________________
New York,________________
Pennsylvania.__ ___ _______ _
1
1
2
1
1
1
0)
0)
34
0)
0
0
0
0
5.1
0)
0
0
0)
0
53.2
0)
0
0
0
0
44.3
0
0
0
0)
0
83.3
(i)
0
0
0
0)
.403
0
0
0
fP u
0)
0
0
0
0
17.84
(l)
0
0
Total____________________
7
74
5.2
51.6
44.7
86.6
.386
19.92
17.26
71
2
142
30
169
126
42
9
7
5
0
5.6
4.0
5.0
5.3
5.5
5.5
4.8
5.7
5.7
5.0
0
44.9
48.1
50.6
50.0
49.1
51.3
52.0
55.3
48.9
58.8
0
44.0
33.8
44.4
45.3
46.9
47.8
44.8
52.7
47.2
47.5
0
98.0
70.3
87.7
90.6
95.5
93.2
86.2
95.3
96.5
sa 8
0
.919
.945
.716
.600
.797
.733
.798
.518
.704
.489
0
41.26
45.45
36.23
30.00
39.13
37.60
41.50
28.65
34.43
28.75
0)
40.48
31.91
31.79
27.17
37.36
35.06
35.74
27.29
33.21
23.19
Holders, hand, bench, male:
Alabama___ ;________ ______
California_______ ___ ______!
Colorado____ ______ ______
Connecticut________________
Georgia______________ ______
Illinois______ ____ __________
Indiana^__ ____________ _
Iowa______________________
Kansas______________ ______
Kentucky___ ______________
Louisiana______ ___________
iD&ta included in total.
1
17
2
16
6
24
15
9
6
4
2
0
50
WAGES AND HOURS— FOUNDRIES AND MACHINE SHOPS
A . — Average number of days on which employees worked, average full-time
and actual hours and earnings per week, average earnings per hour, and per cent
of full time worked, 1929, by occupation, sex, and State— Continued
T a b le
FOUNDRIES—Continued
Occupation, sex, and State
Molders, hand, bench, male—
Continued.
Marne_________
Maryland__________________
Massachusetts______________
Michigan
Minnesota_________________
Missouri___________________
New Hampshire .......... ........
New Jersey________________
New York____ - ____________
Ohio__________________ ____
Oregon____________________
Pennsylvania
■Rhode Island.......... ........
Tennessee___ -....
Texas__ ___________________
Washington________________
Wisconsin__________________
Total____________________
Molders, hand, floor, male:
Alabama___________________
California__________________
Colorado__________________
Connecticut________________
Georgia____________________
Illinois____________________
I n d ia n a .........____________
Iowa______________________
Transas__ _________________
Kentucky____ _____________
Louisiana__________________
Maine_____________________
Maryland_________________
M assachusetts______________
Michigan__________________
Minnesota_________________
Missouri___________________
New Hampshire____________
New Jersey________________
New York_________________
Ohio___________ ___________
Oregon____________________
Pennsylvania______________
Rhode Island_______________
Tennessee__________________
Texas___ __________________
Washington________________
Wisconsin___ . . . ___________
Total____________________
Molders, machine, male:
Alabama___________________
California___ ______________
Colorado_____ _____________
Connecticut________________
Georgia____________________
Illinois_____________________
Indiana__________ __________
Iowa________ _____ _________
Kansas____________________
Kentucky__________________
Louisiana__________________
Maine_____________________
Maryland__________________
M assachusetts______________
Michigan.......................... ......
*Data included in total.
Aver Aver Aver
Per
Aver
age
age
cent of Aver age Aver
Num Num num
age
age
hours
full
full
age
ber of ber
full
of time
actu
time earn time earn
estab of em ber
ings
days
ally
hours ings earn
lish
hours worked
actu
per
ings made
ments ployees worked
per
in oife week
in one
ally
per in one
hour
week
week worked
week week
4
5
25
34
6
7
5
14
25
32
4
26
9
3
3
4
13
20
19
209
268
26
31
24
88
199
142
13
250
88
11
15
7
84
5.5
5.7
5.1
5.3
4.9
5.1
4.8
5.3
5.3
5.3
5.9
5.1
5.4
5.2
5.0
5.3
5.4
52.5
48.6
47.8
49.4
50.3
51.7
49.8
49.6
49.6
48.9
46.2
50.9
50.4
49.5
46.7
48.0
50.4
48.6
46.7
39.0
44.1
42.3
43.7
40.3
45.3
46. 1
44.4
44.4
46.0
46.7
43.9
42.7
40.4
47.4
92.6 $0,707 $37.12
96.1
.679 33.00
81.6
.887 42.40
89.3
.845 41.74
84.1
.643 32.34
84.5
.780 40.33
.694 34.56
80.9
91.3
.850 42.16
92.9
.745 36.95
90.8
.851 41.61
96.1
.795 36.73
90.4
.747 38.02
92.7
.777 39.16
88.7
.618 30.59
91.4
.566 26.43
84.2
.844 40.51
.721 36.34
94.0
$34.37
31.74
34.56
37.30
27.18
34.14
27.98
38.52
34.32
37.77
35.33
34.37
36.29
27.12
24.17
34.13
34.21
321 ' 2,098
5.3
49.6
44.8
90.3
.783
38.84
35.12
4
4
7
28
34
6
13
6
16
27
40
5
37
8
7
6
7
12
39
207
33
286
54
438
347
129
54
51
52
46
81
312
435
62
146
37
246
370
657
32
708
131
74
55
63
308
5.3
5.5
5.5
5.2
5.1
5.4
5.2
4.9
5. 7
5.6
5.4
5.4
5.3
5.4
5.3
4.9
5.2
5.2
5.5
5.3
5.4
5.9
5.2
5.5
4.9
5.1
5.3
5.5
53.5
44.9
48.4
48.2
50.7
49.5
51.7
51.1
54.4
51.5
56.5
48.2
49.0
48.4
51.5
52.0
51.8
51.1
50.2
48.9
50.4
46.3
50.7
50.4
49.0
47.4
48.4
48.7
46.6
42.9
47.7
45.2
42.7
46.2
44.3
43.8
51.7
50.0
48.8
44.5
44. 2
43.8
46.5
43.6
44.3
45.1
46.8
45. 7
46.0
44.9
46.0
48.7
41.4
43.0
41.8
46.9
87.1
95.5
98.6
93.8
84.2
93.3
85.7
85.7
95.0
97.1
86.4
92.3
90.2
90.5
90.3
83.8
85.5
88.3
93.2
93.5
91.3
97.0
90.7
96.6
84.5
90.7
86.4
96.3
.727
.996
.849
.801
.742
.864
.768
.802
.632
.634
.731
.696
.790
.918
.804
.715
.785
.714
.886
.847
.878
.852
.805
.775
.750
.728
.882
.863
38.89
43.37
41.09
38.61
37.62
42.77
39.71
40.98
34.38
32.65
41.30
33.55
38.71
44.43
41.41
37.18
40.66
36.49
44.48
41.42
44.25
39.45
40.81
39.06
36.75
34.51
42.69
42.03
33.86
41.40
40.51
36.21
31.71
39.90
33.98
35.14
32.67
31.69
35.67
30.99
34.94
40.24
37.38
31.16
34.78
32.17
41.43
38.72
40.41
38.25
37.01
37.79
31.02
31.30
36.85
40.52
385
5,453
5.3
50.0
45.6
91.2
.828
41.40
37.75
1
8
2
8
3
17
11
6
5
2
2
1
4
23
(0
V)
0)
<9
0)
.685
.647
.667
.630
.780
.716
.707
.588
.519
.397
0)
0)
31.99
31.96
37.22
33.20
39.08
36.44
36.83
32.16
25.95
23.03
0)
0)
0)
0)
101.3
99.6
86.4
93.0
91.8
91.2
87.3
93.8
93.0
96.9
0
32.38
31.81
32.19
30.87
35.87
33.26
32.17
30.17
24.15
22.28
25
566
51.5
43.7
46.2
4
18
3
16
8
28
16
9
9
20
22
118
18
387
244
89
17
16
3
39
284
5.6
5.6
5.1
5.3
5.2
5.4
5.0
5.6
5.1
6.0
5.7
5.2
6.1
46.7
49.4
55.8
52.7
50.1
50.9
52.1
54.7
50.0
58.0
51.2
48.4
47.3
49.2
48.2
49.0
46.0
46.4
45.5
51.3
46.5
56.2
49.1
0)
0)
95.9
90.3
89.7
,
0)
0)
.609
.794
31.18
29.94
38.43
.679
34.97
34.66
3L38
51
GENERAL TABLES
Average number of days on which employees worked, average full-time
and actual hours and earnings per week, average earnings per hour, and per cent
of full time worked, 1929, by occupation, sex, and State— Continued
T a b l e A .—
FOUNDRIES—Continued
Occupation, sex, and State
Aver
age
Num Num num
ber of
ber of
estab ofber
em days
lish
ments ployees worked
in one
week
Per
Aver
Aver Aver
age
cent of Aver age Aver
age
age
hours
full
age
full
full
actu
time earn time earn
time
ings
ally
hours
ings
earn
hours worked actu
made
per
ings in
per
one
one
ally
hour
per
week in
week worked
week week
Molders, machine, male—Con.
Minnesota
Missouri___________________
New Hampshire____________
New Jersey________________
New York_________________
Ohio.........................................
Oregon____________________
Pennsylvania,
■Rhode Tslqnri
_
Tennessee
_
T exas........................ ..
Washington....... .
Wisconsin__________________
4
9
2
14
20
26
1
29
8
2
2
3
11
34
44
10
180
434
427
0)
413
176
7
12
11
255
4.7
5.4
5.6
5.2
5.2
5.3
0)
5.2
5.6
5.3
4.8
4.8
5.3
51.2
50.6
52.8
50.4
49.5
49.4
0)
49.8
52.2
49.1
46.3
48.0
50.2
39.6
46.4
50.5
45.2
49.3
45.2
0)
45.3
49.2
49.7
40.6
40.2
47.7
Total____________________
77.3 $0.633 $32.41 $25.05
91.7
.710 35.93
32.95
95.6
.585 30.89
29.54
89.7
.817 41.18
36.98
.723 35.79
35.64
99.6
.814 40.21
91.5
36.78
C1)
0)
0)
0)
.724 36.06
91.0
32.83
94.3
.717 37.43
35.30
101.2
.481 23. 62 23.90
87.7
.658 30.47
26.73
83.8
.786 37.73
31.62
95.0
.759 38.10
36.20
249
3,854
5.2
50.4
46.5
92.3
.734
36.99
34.12
Molders’ helpers, floor, male:
Alabama___________________
California_____________ ____
Colorado___________________
Connecticut________________
Georgia_________ ________ _
Illinois_____________________
Indiana____________________
Iowa______________________
Kansas____________________
Kentucky__________________
Louisiana__________________
Maine_____________________
Maryland__________________
Massachusetts______________
Michigan__________________
Minnesota_________________
Missouri___________________
New Hampshire____________
New Jersey________________
New York_________________
Ohio_______________________
Oregon____________________
Pennsylvania______________
Rhode Island_______________
Tennessee__________________
Texas______________________
Washington________________
Wisconsin_________________
3
13
3
11
4
12
14
4
2
5
1
3
3
15
26
5
9
3
14
20
20
4
32
5
4
4
6
6
12
75
40
83
23
76
103
30
3
9
0)
26
18
79
196
32
88
9
169
143
195
24
294
37
19
17
30
84
5.7
5.8
5.5
5.2
4.8
5.6
5.1
5.3
6.3
4.8
0)
5.0
4.6
5.3
5.4
4.6
5.5
4.9
5.6
5.7
5.3
5.8
5.3
5.6
5.3
5.5
4.9
5.6
53.5
45.6
48.9
50.0
53.5
51.4
51.7
52.7
54.0
50.4
(1)
46.4,
49.8
49.4
52.4
52.0
52.5
51.3
50.4
50.0
54.7
46.3
52.2
49.8
49.3
48.5
48.0
48.4
50.4
49.3
52.5
45.1
42.5
50.6
43.8
46.6
64.5
44.9
0)
40.4
40.8
46.5
51.5
41.2
49.5
44.1
51.0
52.5
49.3
45.9
47.8
51.7
47.3
50.6
38.7
47.8
94.2
108.1
107.4
90.2
79.4
98.4
84.7
88.4
119.4
89.1
0)
87.1
81.9
94.1
98.3
79.2
94.3
86.0
101.2
105.0
90.1
99.1
91.6
103.8
95.9
104.3
80.6
98.8
.355
.581
.475
.490
.275
.562
.515
.413
.340
.388
0)
.415
.438
.513
.497
.435
.507
.465
.537
.595
.440
.524
.504
.456
.321
.413
.585
.518
18.99
26.49
23.23
24.50
14.71
28.89
26.63
21.77
18.36
19. 56
0)
19.26
21.81
25.34
26.04
22.62
26.62
23.85
27.06
29. 75
24.07
24. 26
26. 31
22. 71
15.83
20.03
28.08
25.07
17.87
28.64
24.94
22.03
11.69
28.44
22.54
19.24
21.95
17.39
(l)
16.76
17.88
23.85
25.56
17.91
25.10
20.48
27.37
31.26
21.69
24.09
24.11
23.56
15.21
20.92
22. 61
24.77
Total....................................
251
1,919
5.4
51.1
48.5
94.9
.502
25.65
24.36
Pattern makers, male:
Alabama___________________
California_________ _____ ___
Colorado___________________
Connecticut________________
Georgia_______ _____ _____
Illinois_____________________
Indiana____________________
Iowa__ ____________________
Kansas____________________
Kentucky__________________
Louisiana__________________
Maine_____________________
M a ry la n d .._______________
Massachusetts______________
Michigan__________________
Minnesota_________________
Missouri___________________
New Hampshire____________
New Jersey________________
New York................................
3
10
3
5
6
22
9
6
6
1
1
1
6
8
21
2
10
3
11
11
10
32
20
12
12
149
54
17
8
0)
(i)
0)
24
124
151
6
33
4
102
103
5.4
5.9
5.0
5.1
5.8
5.6
5.6
5.7
6.0
52.7
44.8
44.4
55.4
50.7
50.2
52.0
52.5
55.1
0)
0)
(0
48.8
48.4
50.6
49.8
49.2
53.0
50.4
49.9
45.5
44.6
40.2
45.7
49.1
47.5
48.2
49.3
56.7
0)
(i)
0)
46.6
47.0
50.2
48.1
46.4
54.8
48.0
50.2
86.3
99.6
90.5
82.5
96.8
94.6
92.7
93.9
102.9
(l)
(i)
0)
95.5
97.1
99.2
96.6
94.3
103.4
95.2
100.6
.767
1.094
.985
.703
.802
.797
.963
.730
.824
0)
0)
0)
.796
.731
.901
.714
.991
.717
.864
.820
40.42
48.83
43.73
38.95
40.66
40.01
50.08
38.33
45.40
(l)
(i)
0)
38.84
35.38
45.59
35.56
48.76
38.00
43.55
40.92
34.93
48.78
39.55
32.10
39.38
37.91
46. S9
35.99
46.72
0)
(0
0)
37.09
34.35
45.29
34.34
46.02
39.25
41.49
41.14
i Data included in total.
0)
5.9
5.8
5.7
5.8
5.8
6.0
5.7
5.6
52
WAGES AND HOURS— FOUNDRIES AND MACHINE SHOPS
Average number of days on which employees worked, average full-time
and actual hours and earnings per week, average earnings per hour, and per cent
of full time worked, 1929, by occupation, sex, and State— Continued
T a b l e A .—
FOUNDRIES—Continued
Aver
age
Num Num num
ber of ber
ber
of
estab of em days
lish ployees worked
ments
in one
week
Occupation, sex, and State
Pattern makers, male—Contd.
Ohio...............................
Oregon................................
Pennsylvania.....................
Rhode Island......................
Texas..____
Washington.
Wisconsin...
Total..
Bough carpenters, male:
Ala'
Alabama_______
California............
Colorado..............
Connecticut........
Georgia................
Illinois.................
Indiana--............
Iowa................... .
Kansas.................
Kentucky______
Louisiana-.........
Maine..................
Maryland............
Massachusetts....
Michigan....... .....
Minnesota...........
Missouri..............
New Hampshire..
New Jersey..........
New York.......... .
Ohio.....................
Oregon.................
Pennsylvania___
Rhode Island___
Tennessee.........
T e x a s.................
Washington....... .
Wisconsin............
Total..
Band blasters, male:
Alabama.............
California______
Connecticut____
Georgia....- .........
Illinois____ ____
Indiana. ............
Iowa_
Kentucky............
Louisiana.............
Maine..................
Maryland............
Massachusetts__
Michigan.............
Minnesota...........
Missouri..............
New Hampshire..
New Jersey..........
New Y o rk ..........
Ohio.....................
Oregon.................
Pennsylvania......
Rhode Island.......
Tennessee............
Texas............ .
* Data included in total.
.
Per
Aver
Aver Aver
age
cent of Aver age Aver
age
age
hours
full
full
age
full
actu
time earn time earn
time
ings
ally
hours ings earn
hours worked
made
actu
per
ings in
per
one
one
ally
hour
per
week in
week worked
week week
12
3
14
1
2
4
4
6
70
7
110
0)
6
6
16
35
5.9
6.0
5.6
V)
5.3
4.5
5.7
6.9
50.3
45.1
51.0
0)
49.7
47.9
48.0
52.6
55.9
45.1
50.3
191
1,127
5.7
50.1
3
1.8
2
16
4
20
16
6
3
4
3
3
6
20
20
5
8
2
8
19
31
4
26
5
2
3
3
10
3
21
6
34
6
35
34
10
3
5
3
7
8
34
53
7
13
2
41
33
48
5
55
12
4
4
3
20
5.7
5.8
6.0
6.5
5.2
5.5
5.9
5.8
5.7
5.6
6.0
5.9
6.0
5.5
6.8
6.0
5.8
6.0
5.4
5.8
5.8
5.4
5.5
5.7
5.8
5.8
6.0
5.8
270
509
5.7
1
5
12
1
12
11
H
3
1
1
2
3
14
20
4
4
3
8
14
8
2
23
8
2
1
(0
7
18
0)
22
23
12
3
0)
0)
2
6
21
48
8
5
3
14
35
12
3
44
13
6
0)
(9
5.3
5.4
0)
5.4
5.4
5.5
5.3
0)
(0
5.5
5.8
5.7
5.4
5.6
5.6
5.3
5.6
5.3
5.6
6.0
5.5
5.5
5.2
(0
(9
45.3
35.8
45.3
50.9
111.1 $0,820 $41.25
100.0
.934 43.15
98.6
.766 39.07
(9
(9
(9
$45.86
42.15
38.54
<9
91.1
74.7
94.4
96.8
.936
.883
1.029
.762
46.52
42.30
49.39 .
40.08
42.42
31.63
46.55
38.83
48.9
97.6
.833
41.73
40.69
51.8
45.8
44.7
51.7
51.8
50.9
51.5
54.2
56.0
48.5
57.3
49.1
49.5
48.6
52.4
53.2
52.3
51.0
50.7
49.1
51.8
45.6
50.8
52.3
49.5
49.0
48.0
50.6
48.2
47.6
51.8
50.0
46.3
49.6
52.0
51.9
52.7
50.0
54.0
48.4
48.6
44.4
53.3
53.9
53.7
51.5
47.9
50.5
51.6
41.7
48.4
50.0
47.5
47.5
45.8
51.6
93.1
103.9
115.9
96.7
89.4
97.4
101.0
95.8
94.1
103.1
94.2
98.6
98.2
91.4
101.7
101.3
102.7
101.0
94.5
102.9
99.6
91.4
95.3
95.6
96.0
96.9
95.4
102.0
.583
.716
.513
.597
.496
.649
. 559
.477
.482
.445
.450
.553
.579
.693
.646
.530
.643
.500
.586
.676
.704
.607
.596
.634
.512
.507
.698
.648
30.20
32.79
22.93
30.86
25.69
33.03
28.79 .
25.85
26.99
21.58
25.79
27.15
28.66
33.68
33.85
28.20
33.63
25.50
29.71
33.19
36.47
27.68
30.28
33.16
25.34
24.84
33.50
32.79
28.06
34.13
26.57
29.90
22.96
32.18
29.07
24.74
25.37
22.26
24.32
26.77
28.12
30.78
34.40
28.55
34.54
25.75
28.09
34.09
36.34
25.29
28.84
31.68
24.33
24.10
31.99
33.46
50.7
49.9
98.4
.622
31.54
31.03
0)
46.1
52.2
0)
51.2
53.3
53.0
54.0
(9
(9
52.0
49.7
50.0
53.4
50.4
50.4
51.3
50.4
49.9
55.0
45.3
61.1
61. 7
49.3
49.5
47.8
51.0
50.9
46.3
50.7
55.7
53.5
50.0
50.4
50.2
49.3
63.3
49.3
0)
(9
(9
(9
42.7
49.9
0)
53.7
48.9
51.6
58.4
(9
0)
(9
(9
(9
92.6
95.6
.630
.555
29.04
28.97
26.90
27.71
104.9
91.7
97.4
108.1
.671
.528
. 512
.400
0)
34.36
28.14
27.14
21.60
36.05
25.81
26.40
23.30
95.2
96.2
102.0
S5.3
91.9
100.6
108.6
108.2
100.2
91.6
110.8
V6.5
103.1
100.0
.443
.435
.595
.708
.572
.539
.490
.536
.651
.487
.577
. 58-1
.526
. 320
23.04
21.62
29.75
37.81
28.83
27.17
25.14
27.01
32.48
26.79
26.14
29.84
27.19
15.79
(9
(9
(9
1 <9
(9
(9
<9
(9
<9
(9
(0
<9
(9
(9
21.92
20.79
30.31
36.04
26.49
27.33
27.25
28.70
32.58
24.55
28.95
28.80
28.03
15.79
<9
GENERAL TABLES
53
A#— Average number of days on which employees worked, average full-time
and actual hours and earnings per week, average earnings per hour, and per cent
of full time worked, 1929, by occupation, sex, and
— Continued
T a b le
FOUNDRIES—Continued
Occupation, sex, and State
Sand blasters, male—Continued.
Washington________________
Wisconsin______________ ___
Aver
age
Num Num num
ber of ber
ber
of
estab of em days
lish ployees worked
ments
in one
week
Per
Aver
Aver Aver
age
cent of Aver age Avet
age
age
hours
full
age
full
full
actu
time earn time earn
time
ings
ally
hours ings earn
hours worked
made
actu
per
ings in
per
one
per
in
one
ally
hour
week
week week
week worked
3
11
3
22
5.7
5.5
48.0
58.0
43.7
55.4
91.0 $0.656 $31.49
95.5
.683 39.61
183
337
5.5
51.9
50.8
97.9
.592
30.72
30.05
Other employees, male:
Alabama... _........... ...............
3
12
5.3
California__________________
17
154
5.7
3
48
5.7
Colorado_____ _____________
15
153
5.6
Connecticut________________
6
29
5.1
Georgia____________________
25
412
Illinois_____________________
5.5
15
250
Indiana____________________
5.7
8
Iowa______________________
160
5.7
8
Kansas____________________
36
5.8
6
Kentucky__________________
15
5.8
14
3
5.1
Louisiana__________ _____ __
Maine_____________________
4
22
5.8
32
6
_______ Maryland________5.7
26
Massachusetts______________
255
5.6
Michigan__________________
614
31
5.4
6
61
5.4
Minnesota_______ - _________
Missouri____ ____ __________
11
£8
5.7
New Hampshire....... .......... .
3
4
6.0
16
New Jersey............................
265
5.7
New York_________________
26
340
5.7
Ohio........................ ................
43
516
5.7
Oregon_____ ______________ _
5
32
5.7
Pennsylvania_______________
36
702
5.6
Rhode Island_____ _________
8
113
5.8
7
45
Tennessee___ _____ _________
5.7
Texas........................................
5
20
6.0
Washington____________ ___
5
51
5.5
Wisconsin_______ ______
13
312
5.8
54.0
47.3
49.4
52.0
52.7
51.2
52.8
53.7
54.8
53.2
54.3
47.9
51.2
49.2
52.0
51.5
52.1
49.5
50.2
49.7
51.1
46.2
51.7
52.5
49.7
48.2
48.5
51.9
45.1
47.2
54.3
50.6
44.6
51.6
52.4
53.2
55.1
55.7
45.0
49.5
49.4
48.2
51.6
47.7
49.0
48.3
51.8
53.6
52.6
45.8
51.6
54.9
49.8
49.9
45.3
54.5
83.5
99.8
109.9
97.3
84.6
100.8
99.2
99.1
100.5
104.7
82.9
103.3
96.5
98.0
99.2
92.6
94.0
97.6
103.2
107.8
102.9
99.1
99.8
104.6
100.2
103.5
93.4
105.0
.394
.705
.608
.529
.454
.623
.542
.616
.400
.562
.464
.611
.422
.602
.636
.556
.527
.543
.601
.618
.582
.810
.585
.531
. 501
,503
.696
.555
21.28
33.35
30.04
27.51
23.93
31.90
28.62
33.08
21.92
29.90
25.20
29.27
21.61
29.62
33.07
28.63
27.46
26.88
30.17
30.71
29.74
37.42
30.24
27.88
24.90
24.24
33.76
28.80
5
17.7Q
33.2s
32:98
26.77
20.2®
32.19
28.44
32.78
22.06
31.32
20.88
30.26
20.83
29.02
32.85
26.55
25.86
26.19
31.15
33.13
30.59
37.11
30.19
29.16
24.92
25.10
31.51
30.30
51.2
51.6
100.8
.592
30.31
30.60
0
0
0)
0
(l)
0
0
(0
0
(1)
0)
0
0
0
0
0
(0
0
0)
0
0
0
0
(i)
0
88.1
.492
24.85
m
Ol
0
m
''
21.88
90.1
.456
100.9
.745
101.8
.596
93.5
.611
93.2
.396
96.4
.665
91.4
.590
.614
90.5
95.5
.480
97.4
.512
87.9
.436
.555
99.8
95.1
.558
92.6
.681
.644
94.8
86.7
.555
91.7
.610
90.0 | .599
97.4
.636
101.8 1 .647
.625
96.3
24.40
34.20
29.32
31.04
20.95
33.58
31.03
32.48
26.45
25.91
24.59
28.14
28.40
33.16
33.42
28.86
31.78
30.49
32.18
32.41
32.38
22.01
34.51
29.87
29.02
39.53
32.37
28.34
29.39
25.26
25.24
21.63
28.10
26.99
30.71
31.65
25.04
29.19
27.47
31.35
32.96
31.18
Total,
............ ...................
Total.....................................
360
Other employees, female:
Indiana.......................... ......
Michigan__________________
Pennsylvania__________ ____
Rhode Island___________ : __
W isconsin____ __ _______ ___
1
1
1
1
1
Total....... ........... .................
5
5
5.0
50.5
44.5
All employees, male:
Alabama___ __ ___________
California__________________
Colorado___________________
Connecticut________________
Georgia_____ ____ __________
Illinois_____________________
Indiana____________________
Iowa______________________
Kansas____________________
Kentucky__ - ______________
Louisiana___ ___________ . . .
Maine____________________ _
Maryland__________________
Massachusetts______________
Michigan__________________
Minnesota_________________
Missouri________ _______ „__
New Hampshire_____ - __ . . .
New Jersey_____________ ___
New York_________________
Ohio.........................................
4
18
3
16
8
28
16
9
9
7
4
4
7
28
37
6
15
6
16
28
44
190
1,185
307
1,629
427
3,636
2,446
959
260
204
246
248
421
2,408
4,334
457
764
143
2,353
3,392
4.323
6.4
5.6
5.4
5.3
5.4
5.4
5.4
5.2
5.7
5.4
5.4
6.5
6.6
5.4
5.3
5.1
.5.4
5.2
5.4
5.4
5.5
53.5
45.9
49.2
50.8
52.9
50.5
52.6
52.9
55.1
50.6
56.4
50.7
50.9
48.7
51.9
52.0
52.1
50.9
50.6
50.1
5L8
48.2
46.3
50.1
47.5
49.3
48.7
48.1
47.9
52.6
49.3
49.6
50.6
48.4
45.1
49.2
45.1
47.8
45.8
49.3
51.0
49.9
1Data included in total.
4,725
0
0
(i)
0
(1)
5.6
0
0
0
0
0)
$28.67
37.82
54
WAGES AND HOURS— FOUNDRIES AND MACHINE SHOPS
A .— Average number of days on which employees worked, average full-time
and actual hours and earnings per week, average earnings per hour, and per cent
of full time worked, 1929, by occupation, sex, and State— Continued
T a b le
FOUNDRIES—Continued
Occupation, sex, and State
Aver- Aver Aver
Per
Aver
age
age
cent of Aver age Aver
Num Num num
age
age
hours
full
full
age
ber of ber
full
of time
actu
time earn- time earn
estab of em- ber
ings
days
ally
earn
hours
lish
made
worked hours
per
ings in
actu
per worked
ments
one
ally
per
in one
in one
hour
week worked
week
week week
All employees, male—Contd.
Oregon..................................
Pennsylvania.......................
Rhode Island.......................
Tennessee.............................
Texas....................................
Washington.......................
Wisconsin............................
208
5,285
1,066
382
278
316
2,165
6.8
5.4
5.6
5.2
5.2
5.3
5.6
46.1
51.6
51.5
49.2
49.8
48.3
51.2
45.4
48.8
50.9
44.8
45.8
42.8
50.8
98.5 $0.677 $31.21
94.6
31.37
98.8
.612 31.52
91.1
.461 22.68
92.0
24.30
88.6
.727 35.11
99.2
.644 32.97
Total.................................
399 40,032
5.4
51.0
48.8
95.7
.625
31.88
30.50
All employees, female:
Georgia.................................
Illinois............. ....................
Indiana.................................
Kentucky.............................
Massachusetts.....................
Michigan..............................
New Jersey..........................
New York............................
Ohio.....................................
Pennsylvania.......................
Rhode Island.......................
Wisconsin............................
(9
29
39
3
0)
105
50
54
(0
19
11
37
0)
4.8
5.4
5.7
(l)
4.8
5.0
5.4
(0
4.6
5.5
5.2
0)
49.0
50.0
50.0
0)
51.5
49.8
48.8
0)
48.5
53.0
45.7
0)
39.4
45.9
48.3
0)
41.0
42.2
44.1
C1)
40.7
47.9
39.5
0)
80.4
91.8
96.6
0)
79.6
84.7
90.4
0)
83.9
90.4
86.4
0)
.447
.434
.412
0)
.427
.466
.489
0)
.366
.408
.524
<*)
21.90
21.70
20.60
0)
21.99
23.21
23.86
0)
17.75
21.62
23.95
0)
17.60
19.92
19.92
0)
17.52
19.66
21.55
0)
14.88
19.53
20.74
22.41
19.08
$30.70
29.65
31.19
20.66
22.36
31.13
32.75
359
5.1
49.7
42.3
85.1
All employees, male and female:
Alabama..............................
California.............................
Colorado..............................
Connecticut.........................
Georgia.......... ......................
Illinois..................................
Indiana.................................
Iowa.....................................
Kansas.................................
Kentucky.............................
Louisiana.............................
Maine___________________
Maryland...................... ......
Massachusetts.....................
Michigan..............................
Minnesota............................
Missouri...............................
.New Hampshire..................
New Jersey..........................
New York............................
Ohio......................................
Oregon..................................
Pennsylvania.......................
Rhode Island.......................
Tennessee.............................
Texas...............—.................
Washington______ ________
Wisconsin________________
190
1,185
307
1,629
429
3,665
2,485
959
260
207
246
248
421
2,410
4,439
457
764
143
2,403
3,446
4,331
208
5,304
1,077
382
278
316
2,202
6.4
5.6
5.4
5.3
5.4
5.4
6.4
5.2
5.7
5.4
5.4
5.5
5.6
5.4
5.3
5.1
5.4
5.2
5.4
5.4
5.5
5.8
5.4
5.6
5.2
5.2
5.3
5.6
53.5
45.9
49.2
50.8
52.9
50.5
52.5
52.9
55.1
50.6
56.4
50.7
50.9
48.7
51.9
52.0
52.1
50.9
50.5
50.1
51.8
46.1
51.6
51.5
49.2
49.8
48.3
51.1
48.2
46.3
50.1
47.5
49.3
48.6
48.0
47.9
52.6
49.3
49.6
50.6
48.4
45.1
49.0
45.1
47.8
45.8
49.1
50.9
49.9
45.4
48.7
50.9
44.8
45.8
42.8
50.6
90.1
100.9
101.8
93.5
93.2
96.2
91.4
90.5
95.5
97.4
87.9
99.8
95.1
92.6
94.4
86.7
91.7
90.0
97.2
101.6
96.3
98.5
94.4
98.8
91.1
92.0
88.6
89.0
.456
.745
.596
.611
.395
.663
.587
.614
.480
.510
.436
.555
.558
.680
.640
.555
.610
.599
.633
.644
.625
.677
.607
.610
.461
.488
.727
.643
24.40
34. 20
29.32
31.04
20.90
33.48
30.82
32.48
26.45
25.81
24.59
28.14
28.40
33.12
33. 22
28.86
81.78
30.49
31.97
32.26
32.38
31.21
31.32
31.42
22.68
24.30
35.11
32.86
22.01
34. 51
29.87
29.02
19.49
32.26
28.21
29.39
25. 26
25.16
21.63
28.10
26.99
30.70
31.32
25.04
29.19
27.47
31.11
37.65
31.17
30.70
29.60
31.07
20.66
22.36
31.13
32.55
Total.................................
399 40,391
6.4
51.0
48.7
95.5
.624
31.82
30.39
0)
0)
0)
96.9 $0.789 $35.98
0)
0)
<*)
.731 37.06
106.5
.374 10.46
98.6
0)
$34.88
0)
39.45
19.16
Total_________ ________
MACHINE SHOPS
Assemblers, male:
Alabama......... — ...... .............
California__________________
Colorado____ ______________
Connecticut—______________
Georgia....................................
*Data included in total.
1
11
1
12
3
0)
124
V)
138
13
0)
5.7
0)
5.8
6.7
CO
45.6
0)
50.7
52.0
0)
44.2
0)
54.0
61.2
GENERAL TABLES
55
Average number of days on which employees worked, average full-time
and actual hours and earnings per week, average earnings per hour, and per cent
of full time worked, 1929, by occupation, sex, and State— Continued
T a b l e A*—
MACHINE SHOPS—Continued
Occupation, sex, and State
Assemblers, maie—Continued.
Illinois____________________
Indiana____________________
Iowa_____ ____ ____________
"Kansas________ ___ _____
Kentucky______________ . __
Louisiana__________________
MainA
___ ______ _
Maryland., ___________. . . .
M assachusetts______________
Michigan__________________
Minnftsnta „
Missouri___________________
Nftw TTampshirp ,. „ „,
New Jersey________________
New York_________________
Ohio.........................................
Oregon____________________
Pennsylvania______________
Rhodft Island ........... n ...
Tennessee
. _____ _
Texas______________________
Washington________________
Wisconsin__________________
Total.....................................
Assemblers, female:
Illinois_____________________
Indiana____________________
M assachusetts............... -____
Michigan__________________
New Jersey________________
New York_________________
Ohio.........................................
Pennsylvania______________
Rhode Island_______________
Total________ - __________
Blacksmiths, male:
Alabama___________________
California__________________
Colorado__________________
Connecticut________________
Georgia____________________
Illinois____________________
Indiana____________________
Iowa______________________
Kansas.—...................... .........
Kentucky__________________
Louisiana_______ __________
Maine_____________________
Maryland___________ ______
Massachusetts______________
Michigan__________________
Minnesota_________________
Missouri_______ ___________
New Hampshire............ .........
New Jersey________________
New York_________________
Ohio.........................................
Oregon___________ . ________
Pennsylvania_______________
Rhode Island...__ . . . . . . . . . . .
Tennessee__ . . . __ ___ . . . . . . .
Texas________ _____ ____ . . . .
Washington__ ____________
Wisconsin__________________
T ota l...__________________
*Data included in total.
Aver
age
Num Num num
ber of ber
ber
of
estab of em days
lish ployees worked
ments
in one
week
22
888
14
391
101
6
4
59
7
47
1
0)
4
40
5
70
36 1,284
564
28
5
68
10
113
3
57
14
221
20
735
56
977
4
27
37
921
5
315
4
38
5
38
4
62
13
345
335 7,670
Per
Aver
Aver Aver
age
cent of Aver age Aver
age
age
hours
full
age
full
full
actu
earn time earn
time
time
ings
ally
hours
ings earn made
hours worked actu
per
ings
per
hour
per in one
one
ally
week in
week worked
week week
5.8
5.6
5.2
5.5
5.4
0)
5.9
5.8
5.8
5.7
5.4
5.8
5.9
5.8
5.6
5.7
5.9
5.7
5.8
5.8 .
5.8
5.3
5.6
5.7
50.4
51.1
53.6
56.6
52.3
0)
49.1
49.3
49.4
51.4
50.4
51.6
48.9
49.3
48.2
49.8
46.8
51.2
50.2
49.2
49.6
47.7
50.4
50.1
49.9
48.9
48.5
50.8
47.9
(*)
51.1
49.0
50.1
50.8
45.2
51.8
48.4
49.5
47.4
49.8
47.1
51.7
49.5
48.1
47.6
42.6
50.2
49.7
99.0 $0,695 $35.03
95.7
.548 28.00
90.5
.566 30.34
89.8
.367 20.79
.437 22.86
91.6
0)
0)
0)
104.1
.552 27.10
99.4
.667 32.88
101.4
.638 31.52
98.8
.656 33.72
.559 28.17
89.7
100.4
.603 31.11
.658 32.18
99.0
100.4
.696 34.31
98.3
.716 34.51
100.0
.683 34.04
.753 35.24
100.6
101.0
.673 34.46
98.6
.612 30.72
.544 26.76
97.8
.415 20.58
96.0
89.3
.771 36.78
.652 32.86
99.6
.657 32.92
99.2
$34.69
26.76
27.46
18.61
20.94
0)
28. 21
32.73
31.97
33.29
25.26
31.22
31.85
34.45
33.91
34.04
35.46
34.77
30.25
26.14
19.76
32.83
32.72
32.68
2
2
3
4
2
2
2
1
2
20
10
18
27
74
22
25
3
0)
10
190
5.4
5.3
5.3
5.3
5.8
5.6
5.7
0)
5.7
5.4
49.8
50.0
48.0
51.1
50.0
47.2
49.5
0)
51.6
49.8
45.7
44.1
39.1
45.5
48.5
43.5
44.5
0)
49.8
44.8
91.8
88.2
81.5
89.0
97.0
92.2
89.9
0)
96.5
90.0
.484
.409
.403
.495
.334
.405
.451
0)
.451
.441
24.10
20.45
19.34
25.29
16.70
19.12
22.32
0)
23.27
21.96
22.13
18.03
15.74
22.52
16.18
17.64
20.07
0)
22.44
19.75
3
14
2
17
5
27
15
5
8
8
4
3
4
29
30
7
11
5
22
25
64
5
41
7
8
8
6
14
4
23
5
42
7
86
24
7
10
12
4
6
6
81
54
19
13
6
38
71
122
7
121
14
16
15
9
35
5.8
6.0
6.0
5.9
5.9
5.7
5.8
5.6
5.8
5.6
5.0
6.0
6.0
5.9
5.6
5.7
5.2
6.0
5.8
5.7
5.7
6.1
5.6
5.9
5.5
5.9
5.6
5.7
51.6
46.5
48.1
50.8
52.3
50.0
51.1
51.4
54.2
50.4
51.5
47.0
49.3
48.6
51.2
50.1
51.4
50.7
49.8
49.0
49.8
46.9
51.4
49.9
50.9
47.9
47.9
50.9
48.3
47.5
51.5
53.4
48.4
49.8
50.6
50.4
51.5
47.8
45.0
47.0
50.3
48.1
48.7
47.4
44.3
52.3
49.5
46.6
50.5
52.6
49.9
50.5
46.5
48.3
44.6
50.9
93.6
102.2
107.1
105.1
92.5
99.6
99.0
98.1
95.0
94.8
87.4
100.0
102.0
99.0
95.1
94.6
86.2
103.2
99.4
95.1
101.4
112.2
97.1
101.2
91.4
100.8
93.1
100.0
.788
.929
.740
.712
.750
.777
.705
.686
.683
.697
.779
.681
.595
.730
.765
.667
.641
.635
.715
.804
.701
.830
.733
.772
.825
.757
.816
.759
40.66
43.20
35.59
36.17
39.23
38.85
36.03
35.26
37.02
35.13
40.12
32.02
29.33
35.48
39.17
33.42
32.95
32.19
35.61
39.40
34.91
38.93
37.68
38.52
41.99
36.26
39.09
38.63
38.02
44.12
38.07
37.99
36.31
38.73
35.68
34.56
35.20
33.28
35.08
32.02
29.94
35.15
37.29
31.61
28.39
33.21
35.42
37.46
35.46
43.70
36.57
39.03
38.33
36.54
36.35
38.63
397
857
5.7
50.1 | 49.3
98.4
.742
37.17
36.61
56
WAGES AND HOURS— FOUNDRIES AND MACHINE SHOPS
A .— Average number of days on which employees worked, average full-time
and actual hours and earnings per week, average earnings per hour, and per cent
of full-time worked, 1929, by occupation, sex, and State— Continued
T a b le
MACHINE SHOPS—Continued
Occupation, sex, and State
Aver
age
Num Num num
ber of
ber of
estab ofber
em days
lish
ments ployees worked
in one
week
Blacksmiths’ helpers, male:
Alabama........................
California____________
Colorado........................
Connecticut...................
Georgia..........................
Illinois...........................
Indiana..........................
Iow a--...........................
Kansas...........................
Kentucky......................
Louisiana.....................
Maine............................
Maryland......................
Massachusetts..........
Michigan.......................
Minnesota.....................
Missouri........................
New Jersey....................
New York.....................
Ohio...............................
Oregon...........................
Pennsylvania................
Rhode Island_________
Tennessee-—.................
Texas.............................
Washington...................
Wisconsin....... ..............
Total...........................
6
25
14
43
5
69
20
7
10
13
6
5
0)
285
Boring-mill operators, male:
Alabama........................
California.....................
Colorado......... ..............
Connecticut.................
Georgia..........................
Illinois________ ____
Indiana..........................
Iowa..............................
Kansas...........................
Kentucky....................
Louisiana.......................
Maine...................... ....
Maryland......................
Massachusetts...............
Michigan.......................
Minnesota..... ................
Missouri........................
New Hampshire............
New Jersey-..................
New York.....................
Ohio...............................
Oregon...........................
Pennsylvania................
Rhode Island................
Tennessee......................
Texas.............................
Washington__________
W isconsin....________
Total_______________
Crane operators, male:
Alabama............ ...........
California........ ..............
Colorado___ _________
Connecticut-................
Illinois...........................
i Data included in total.
372
Per
Aver
Aver Aver
age
cent of Aver age Aver
age
age
hours
full
age
full
full
actu
time earn time earn
time
ings
ally
ings
earn
hours
hours worked actu
made
per
ings in
per
one
one
per
ally
hour
week in
week worked
week week
13
7
32
78
76
5
133
14
19
27
11
36
5.2
5.8
5.9
5.8
5.6
5.8
5.9
5.7
6.0
5.8
5.3
6.0
<1)
5.7
5.8
6.0
5.6
6.0
5.5
5.8
5.2
5.5
6.0
5.4
5.7
5.3
5.7
50.9
45.9
48.1
50.8
52.5
49.5
51.2
50.4
54.9
50.2
54.0
46.4
0)
48.4
51.7
50.5
49.7
49.6
48.9
49.7
45.9
51.5
50.4
49.8
47.9
50.2
50.7
46.1
46.8
53.1
53.2
45.3
50.0
51.0
51.0
55.1
50.2
48.2
46.6
0)
46.0
51.1
50.9
45.4
51.7
43.9
49.7
44.2
49.3
53.5
44.4
46.7
45.0
51.6
800
5.7
49.9
48.8
97.8
16
68
0)
142
10
249
44
19
6
8
9
14
18
150
90
27
38
4
94
167
473
12
400
48
15
5
27
163
5.4
5.7
0)
5.6
5.8
5.6
5.7
5.3
5.8
5.9
5.1
5.9
5.7
5.8
5.6
5.4
5.7
6.0
5.8
5.7
5.6
6.1
5.7
5.5
5.7
5.8
5.4
5.5
50.2
45.4
0)
51.7
51.1
51.6
51.0
53.9
56.0
49.4
49.1
44.9
50.1
49.1
53.1
50.9
50.4
48.0
50.2
49.6
51.2
46.0
53.0
52.5
50.1
50.2
47.1
52.4
46.9
44.5
0)
52.1
48.6
51.3
51.7
49.9
55.3
49.6
42.6
45.0
52.0
50.5
52.0
48.3
51.1
50.5
52.2
49.8
51.8
53.0
54.0
50.5
48.5
47.9
45.2
54.5
2,333
5.6
51.1
6
29
0)
47
98
5.2
6.0
52.4
46.5
0)
51.0
50.0
(9
5.7
&7
90.6 $0,372 $18.93
102.0 .664 30.48
.550 26.46
110.4
104.7
.506 25.70
.317 16.64
86.3
101.0 .591 29.25
.482 24.68
99.6
101.2
.448 22.58
100.4 .456 25.03
100.0 .478 23.96
.365 19.71
89.3
.502 23.29
100.4
0)
0)
0)
.521 25.22
95.0
.519 26.83
98.8
.472 23.84
100.8
.517 25.69
91.3
104.2 .544 26.98
.597 29.19
89.8
.532 26.42
100.0
.608 27.91
96.3
.530 27.30
95.7
106.2 .543 27.37
89.2
.400 19.92
.490 23.47
97.5
.627 31.48
89.6
28.34
101.8
$17.11
31.03
29.20
26.87
14.36
29.54
24.61
22.85
25.12
23.96
17.62
23. 37
0)
23.98
26.53
24.05
23. 51
28.14
26.20
26.42
26.86
26.15
29.01
17.76
22.85
28.25
28.83
.534
26.65
26.07
93.4
98.0
0)
100.8
95.1
99.4
101.4
92.6
98.8
100.4
86.8
100.2
103.8
102.9
97.9
94.9
101.4
105.2
104.0
100.4
101.2
115.2
101.9
96.2
96.8
95.4
96.0
104.0
.747 37.50
.863 39.18
0)
(1), 39.34
.761
.474 24.22
.795 41.02
.686 34.99
.639 34.44
.529 29. 62
.671
___ , 33.15
.665 |32.65
. 572 25.68
>.22
.723
.718 35.25
.695 36.90
.685 34.87
.706 35.58
.686 32.93
.814 40.86
.767 38.04
.759 38.86
.838 38.55
.738 39.11
.618 32.45
.673 33.72
.583 29.27
.845 39.80
.770 40.35
35. or>
38.46
(*)
39. €0
22.99
40.75
35.46
31.93
29.26
33.29
28.34
25.74
37.60
36.30
36.11
33.07
36.04
34.66
42.46
38.24
39.29
44.41
39.81
31.20
32.61
27.94
38.19
41.93
51.6
101.0
.750
44.7
48.9
<>)
54.1
51.1
85.3
105.2
.535
.660
0)
.503
.576
106.1
102.2
28.03
30.69
0)
25.65
28.75
23.91
32.27
0)
27.20
29.37
57
GENERAL TABLES
T a b l e A . — Average
number of days on which employees worked, average full-time
and actual hours and earnings per week, average earnings per hour, and per cent
of fuU time worked, 1929, by occupation, sex, and State— Continued
M ACHINE SHOPS—Continued
Occupation, sex, and State
Aver
age
Num Num num
ber of ber
ber of
estab of em days
lish, ployees worked
ments
in one
week
Crane operators, male—Contd.
Indiana.____ _____ ___ _ „ ,
Iowa____ . . . . . . . . __ . . . . . . . . .
Kansas_____________ ____
Kentucky____ __ ____ — . . .
T^>n|siftpa.
T. - r r
T -r
Maine__________________ __
Massachusetts______________
Michigan_______________ . . .
Minnesota
_
Missouri___ . . . . . ____ ___ . . .
New Jersey...___________ __
New Y o rk ....___________ __
Ohio........................................
Oregon..__________________
Pennsylvania__ r
Rhode Islan d.....__________
Tennessee______ ___ ________
Washington________- _______
Wisconsin__ .___ . . . . __ ____
7
3
1
3
2
2
13
10
4
6
16
20
40
3
36
2
3
3
13
Total.—__________________
233
Crane operators, female:
Connecticut_____________ . . .
Pennsylvania.___. . . ________
1
1
Per
Aver
Aver Aver
cent of Aver age Aver
age
age
age
hours
full
age
full
full
actu
time earn time earn
time
ings
ally
hours ings earn
hours worked
actu
per
ings made
per
in
one
ally
hour
per in one
week
week worked
week week
(,)4
2
3
30
31
17
10
46
97
158
10
249
2
9
6
92
5.9
5.8
0
6.0
6.0
6.0
6.0
5.9
5.6
5.8
5.8
5.8
5.7
5.2
5.7
6.0
5.4
5.8
5.5
51.3
52.0
0
49.4
51.0
46.0
48.9
51.3
51.5
49.5
49.6
49.1
50.8
47.2
52.1
50.8
52.7
47.9
51.5
50.8
50.7
0)
51.6
49.5
49.0
54.1
53.8
51.7
50.2
54.0
50.8
53.5
41.1
55.4
50.8
51.3
47.9
53.9
99.0 $0,506 $25.96
97.5
.466 24.23
0
0
0
104.5
.429 21.19
.464 23.66
97.1
106.5
.555 25.53
110.6
.596 29.14
104.9
.555 28.47
100.4
.523 26.93
101.4
.598 29.60
108.9
.592 29.36
.578 28.38
103.5
.557 28.30
105.3
.641 30.26
87.1
.534 27.82
106.3
100.0
.500 25.38
97.3
.461 24.29
100.0 .657 31.49
104.7
.555 28.58
980
5.7
50.7
53.0
104.5
0
0)
0
0
25
4
0
0
0
0
0
0
.555
0
0
28.14
0
0
$25.69
23.59
0
22.13
22.98
27.18
32.24
29.85
27.03
29.99
31.95
29.39
29.84
26.29
29.55
25.38
23.66
31.49
29.95
29.43
0
0
Total________ ___ ___ . . . . .
2
7
5.7
50.7
51.9
102.4
.425
21.55
22.05
Drill-press operators, male:
A la b a m a ......________ . . . . .
California. _________________
Colorado____ . . . . ___________
Connecticut_____________ . . .
O ^ n r g i a ___________ ...
Illinois. ____ _______________
Indiana____________________
I o w a .. ..... _______________ _
Kansas____ _______________ _
Kentucky__________________
Louisiana , ___ ! ........
Maine_____________________
Maryland......................_........
Massachusetts___________ __
Michigan__________________
Minnesota______ __________
Missouri___ „______________
New Hampshire............. . . . . .
New Jersey___ ____
New York.......... ................... .
Ohio.........................................
Oregon___________ ______ __
Pennsylvania..........................
Rhode Island_______________
Tennessee__ ______ ____ ____
Texas............ ...... .............. .
Washington...... ............ ...... .
Wisconsin.......... ....... .........
4
20
2
19
6
32
15
6
6
8
2
3
5
37
27
8
15
4
23
29
76
6
46
9
5
5
7
15
15
97
38
189
20
924
211
86
22
43
9
29
41
466
238
47
77
30
261
417
760
27
709
114
22
74
47
278
5.8
5.6
5.9
5.6
5.4
5.6
5.5
5.0
5.4
5.6
6.0
6.0
5.8
5.7
5.7
5.3
5.8
5.7
5.7
5.5
5.6
5.5
5.5
5.6
5.7
5.7
5.3
5.5
47.9
46.1
48.1
51.0
54.0
49.5
51.0
54.3
55.4
50.6
59.3
49.4
50.2
49.2
51.5
50.4
51.7
48.6
49.6
48.9
50.4
47.0
52.3
51.2
49.3
46.9
47.2
52.1
49.2
45.2
51.8
51.2
50.4
49.6
48.5
47.3
50.0
49.5
61.4
52.9
51.4
49.2
49.9
46.5
50.4
45.5
51.3
47.3
50.5
44.3
50.9
48.9
48.0
45.3
43.2
51.6
102.7
98.0
107.7
100.4
93.3
100.2
95.1
87.1
90.3
97.8
103.5
107.1
102.4
100.0
96.9
92.3
97.5
93.6
103.4
96.7
100.2
94.3
97.3
95.5
97.4
96.6
91.5
99.0
.476
.690
.630
.637
.359
.705
.512
.591
.431
.456
.370
.532
.676
.612
.597
.574
.514
.630
.696
.654
.627
.587
.595
.615
.506
.488
.677
.647
22.80
31.81
30.30
32.49
19.39
34.90
26.11
32.09
23.88
23.07
21.94
26.28
33.94
30.12
30.75
28.93
26.57
30.62
34.52
31.98
31.60
27.59
31.12
31.49
24.95
22.89
31.95
33.71
23.43
31.20
32.62
32.61
18.07
34.96
24.81
27.92
21.55
22.56
22.76
28.15
34.75
30.12
29.83
26.69
25.89
28.68
35.71
30.89
31.63
26.00
30.29
30.09
24.31
22.09
29.26
33.38
Total_________________
440
5,291
5.6
50.3
49.6
98.6
.628
31.59
31.17
Drill-press operators, female:
Illinois. ________ _____ ____
Indiana___ ________________
Massachusetts______________
Michigan
_
New Jersey__________ . . . . . . .
New York__________ . . . . . . . .
Ohio.........................................
1
2
2
4
1
3
2
0)
14
5
17
0
5.8
5.4
5.2
0
5.8
5.2
(0
50.0
45.6
49.8
0
50.1
41.3
44.4
0
40.7
42.4
0)
100.2
90.6
89.2
0
.329
.509
.535
0)
.362
.392
0
16.45
23.21
26.64
0
17.67
19.36
0)
16.48
20.99
23.71
0
16.91
16.62
)Data included in total.
0)
17
13
2 .8
49.4
<9
95.7
85.8
58
WAGES AND HOURS— FOUNDRIES AND MACHINE SHOPS
A .— Average number of days on which employees worked, average full-time
and actual hours and earnings per week, average earnings per hour, and per cent
of full time worked, 1929, by occupation, sex, and State— Continued
T a b le
M ACHINE SHOPS—Continued
Occupation, sex, and State
Aver Aver Aver
Per
Aver
age
age
cent of Aver age Aver
Num Num num
age
age
full
hours
full
age
full
ber of ber
of time
actu
time earn time earn
estab of em ber
ings
hours ings earn
days
ally
lish
hours worked
per
ings made
actu
ments ployees worked
per
in one week
per in one
ally
in one
hour
week
week worked
week week
Drill-press operators, female—
Continued.
Pennsylvania................ ■Rhnrle Ts1q.nrJ__ ____
1
1
Total..............................
17
77
Fitters and bench hands, male:
Alabama___________________
California__________________
Colorado___________________
nnnnftrtt.innt
_
Georgia____________________
Tllinnis
Indiana . . . . . . .
Iowa______________________
Kansas____________________
Kentucky__________________
Louisiana. . , ,
_
Maine_____________________
Maryland_________________
Massachusetts_____________
Michigan__________________
Minnesota_________________
Missouri ............. ....................
New Hampshire.................. .
New Jersey________________
NfiW Yorlr, ___ _ .
Ohio.........................................
Oregon____________________
Pennsylvania______________
Rhode Island______________
Tennessee__________________
Texas___ _____ ____________
Washington________________
Wisconsin_________________
2
20
2
19
2
29
13
4
3
9
1
2
1
27
23
4
10
3
24
27
61
3
43
8
3
5
6
13
367
Total________________
Fitters and bench hands, female:
Illinois............................. ........
New Hampshire____________
New Jersey________________
New York_________________
Ohio_________ _____________
Pennsylvania______________
Rhode Island______________
Total________________
Grinding-machine operators, male:
Alabama__________________
California__________________
Colorado__________________
Connecticut________________
Illinois____________________
Indiana____________________
Iowa___ . . . ________________
Kansas____________________
Kentucky_________________
Louisiana__________________
Maine_____________________
Maryland_________________
Massachusetts______________
Michigan__________________
Minnesota_________________
Missouri_____ _____________
New Hampshire.......... ...........
New Jersey.________________
New York......................... ......
>Data included in totaL
0)
O
0)
0)
(l)
(i)
<l)
0)
0)
0)
5.4
49.2
45.1
91.7 $0,410 $20.17
13
204
41
659
4
788
163
19
16
57
0)
17
0)
356
283
17
80
35
545
936
1,786
19
899
340
11
34
62
324
5.8
5.8
6.0
5.6
6.0
5.8
5.8
5.4
6.1
5.5
0)
5.4
(1)e
5.8
5.7
5.3
5.9
6.0
5.7
5.7
5.8
5.8
5.7
5.6
5.9
5.9
5.8
5.8
50.3
45.0
48.1
51.1
50.1
49.4
51.1
53.2
54.4
50.2
0)
48.9
(0
49.0
51.4
49.6
52.0
49.2
49.2
48.8
49.3
47.2
51.0
50.5
48.2
48.2
47.6
52.0
50.8
45.8
52.6
51.8
50.1
50.5
51.3
49.9
55.2
45.6
0)
44.6
0)
48.9
49.5
45.6
51.4
49.3
51.3
49.0
51.1
45.5
51.9
49.3
50.6
47.9
46.1
52.4
101.0
101.8
109.4
101.4
100.0
102.2
100.4
93.8
101.5
90.8
0)
91.2
0)
99.8
96.3
91.9
98.8
100.2
104.3
100.4
103.7
96.4
101.8
97.6
105.0
99.4
96.8
100.8
.694
.848
.628
.667
.588
.732
.627
.624
.524
.631
(*)
.493
0)
.660
.657
.619
.555
.664
.734
.730
.648
.747
.649
.593
.653
.734
.760
.658
34.91
35.25
38.16 •38.82
30.21
33.06
34.08
34.53
29.46
29.46
36.16
36.98
32.04
32.15
33.20
31.12
28.51
28.91
31.68
28.75
(l)
(*)
24.11
21.98
0
(0
32.34
32.28
33.77
32.53
30.70
28.24
28.86
28.53
32.67
32.77
36.11
37.62
35.62
35.75
31.95
33.10
35.26
34.00
33.10
33. 72
29.95
29.25
31.47
33.08
35.38
35.11
36.18
35.04
34.22
34.49
7,715
5.7
49.8
50.5 | 101.4
.677
33.71
34.19
0)
W4
65
26
31
29
0)
<9
6.0
5.9
5.9
5.7
5.7
0)
(0
50.0
47.7
47.3
48.5
51.3
0)
(l)
49.1
47.5
48.6
47.3
48.3
(i)‘
(l)
98.2
99.6
102.7
97.5
94.2
0)
0)
.394
.476
.513
.416
.407
0)
(l)
19.70
22.71
24.26
20.18
20.88
0)
(i)
19.35
22.61
24.95
19.66
19.68
14
175
5.8
48.6.
47.9
98.6
.450
21.87
21.55
1
12
2
18
23
14
2
1
5
1
3
3
30
25
4
9
2
14
21
(9
0)
5.6
5.7
5.8
5.6
5.8
5.1
0)
5.9
0)
6.0
5.5
5.9
5.3
5.1
5.8
6.0
5.3
5.8
(0
48.0
48.0
51.1
50.9
50.8
54.9
0)
52.9
0)
47.9
51.5
50.2
53.6
50.2
52.6
48.3
49.2
48.4
(*)
46.4
51.4
52.1
50.8
51.6
48.9
0)
52.3
0)
49.6
53.0
52.2
48.4
43.1
52.0
49.5
47.5
48.1
0)
96.7
107.1
102.0
99.8
101.6
89.1
(*)
98.9
<»)
103.5
102.9
104.0
90.3
85.9
98.9
102.5
96.5
99.4
<*>
.793
.755
.661
.761
.594
.581
0)
.436
0)
.596
.762
.667
.745
.666
.560
.631
.711
.729
(*)
38.06
36.24
33.78
38.73
30.18
31.90
0)
23.06
0)
28.55
39.24
33.48
39 93
33.43
29.46
30.48
34.98
35.28
36.78
38.81
34.45
38.65
30.66
28.42
0)
22.81
0)
29.54
40.36
34.85
36.08
28.72
29.12
31.22
33.79
35.07
1
1
2
3
3
2
2
69
21
184
453
47
51
0)
20
0)
23
31
235
403
19
26
21
76
222
(0
0)
(i)
(i)
0)
(0
$18.46
<9
59
GENERAL TABLES
Average number of days on which employees worked, average full-time
and actual hours and earnings per week, average earnings per hour, and per cent
of full time worked, 1929, by occupation, sex, and State— Continued
T a b l e A .—
M ACHINE SHOPS-Continued
Occupation, sex, and State
Aver
age
Num Num num
ber of ber
ber of
estab of em days
lish ployees worked
ments
in one
week
Grinding-machine o p e r a to r s ,
male—-Continued.
Ohio_______________________
Oregon.....................................
Pennsylvania...........................
Rhode Island...........................
Tennessee................................
Texas........... ........... ................
Washington.............................
Wisconsin__________ _______
63
1
32
7
3
1
3
13
Total.....................................
313
Grinding-machine o p e r a t o r s ,
female:
Indiana................ ...................
Kentucky................................
Michigan.................................
New Hampshire......................
Pennsylvania..........................
Rhode Island...........................
1
1
2
1
1
1
Total.....................................
7
429
<9
5.7
<9
(9
(9
(9
19
5.4
Total.......... .........................
52
226
Helpers, not otherwise specified,
male:
Alabama..................................
California.,.............................
Colorado..................................
Connecticut............................
Georgia....................................
Illinois_____ _______ ________
Indiana....................................
Iowa........................................
Kansas....................... ..........
Kentucky................. ..............
Louisiana........ ........................
Maine......................................
Maryland................................
Massachusetts.......... ..............
Michigan.................................
Minnesota...............................
Missouri...................................
New Hampshire......................
New Jersey............... ..............
New York................................
Ohio.........................................
Oregon.....................................
1
15
2
13
1
17
12
2
3
4
3
1
4
26
24
6
10
2
16
24
62
4
<9
(9
0)
<9
(9
(9
1Data included in total.
.687
.638
.518
34.99
33.05
26.68
34.99
31.85
28.40
45.0
51.1
95.8
98.3
.800
.704
37.68
36.61
36.08
36.01
50.2
98.4
.701
35.75
35.19
8
75.0
.371
51.0
5.6
(9
(9
4.7
(9
(9
(9
100.0
96.3
106.6
(9
2,888
83
101.6 $0.698 $35.11
50.9
49.9
54.9
(9
14
111
<9
51.1
(9
50.9
51.8
51.5
3
1
1
2
1
3
3
6
2
11
2
2
1
3
a
50.3
(9
5.7
5.6
6.0
0)
5.6
5.5
225
179
8
Hammersmiths, male:
California................................
Colorado..................................
Connecticut............................
Illinois.....................................
Indiana...............................
Iowa.........................................
Maine......................................
Massachusetts.........................
Michigan.............................
Minnesota__________ ____ —
New York.................... ...........
Ohio.........................................
Oregon.....................................
Pennsylvania..........................
Rhode Island...........................
Tennessee................................
Washington.............................
Wisconsin....... .......................
1
1
3
Per
Aver
Aver Aver
age
cent of Aver age Aver
age
age
hours
full
full
age
full
actu
time earn time earn
time
ings
ally
hours ings earn
hours worked
ings made
per
actu
per
per in one
hour
in
one
ally
week
week worked
week week
47.1
52.0
8
52.0
(9
(9
39.0
0)
(9
(9
<9
(9
(9
50.6
46.4
91.7
(9
(9
8
(9
(9
<9
<9
(9
(9
9
(9
(9
(9
5.8
(9
0)
0)
<9
(9
(9
48.0
(9
(9
<9
0)
(9
8
10
41
6
37
2
9
5
87
94
101
338
123
28
12
21
7
48
219
233
46
29
9
133
261
691
47
6.0
5.0
5.6
5.4
5.6
5.8
5.0
5.4
5.0
5.7
6.0
5.4
5.8
5.7
5.7
(9
(9
(9
(9
6
67
8
(9
49.2
50.4
55.4
50.0
52.9
47.4
50.2
48.0
49.8
47.5
53.4
51.0
50.3
<9
46.3
48.1
50.0
(9
53.9
43.1
55.1
(9
(9
109.6
85.5
99.5
(9
<9
96.0
(9
(9
(9
8
<9
(9
(9
(9
(9
(9
(9
(9
(9
(9
19.29
$35.66
<9
(9
(9
(9
14.45
8
(9
.343
17.36
(9
(9
(9
(9
.602
(9
(9
(9
30.10
28.91
.832 40.93
1.202 60.58
.641 35.51
(9
(9
(9
15.93
(9
(9
44.78
51.81
35.31
(9
(9
(9
43.9
44.2
50.7
38.8
46.8
43.0
55.2
83.0
93.2
101.0
80.8
94.0
90.5
103.4
.703
.896
.837
.838
.779
.491
.439
37.19
42.47
42.02
40.22
38.79
23.32
23.44
30.89
39.64
42.41
32.55
36.47
21.12
24.21
58.6
114.9
,958
48.86
56.15
47.5
94.4
.888
44.67
42.15
(9
(9
(9
(9
(9
(9
(9
(9
(9
46.6
50.0
51.2
100.6
104.0
102.4
.633
.470
.498
29.31
22.61
24.90
29.50
23.50
25.51
(9
(9
(9 • (9
(9
5.5
5.6
5.2
5.4
5.3
5.0
49.7
52.0
54.7
58.0
49.5
50.6
47.4
49.6
49.1
51.3
44.4
42.7
95.4
95.4
89.8
88.4
89.7
84.4
.589
.466
.423
.369
.535
.336
29.27
24.23
23.14
21.40
26.48
17.00
27.91
23.09
20.78
18.95
23.75
14.34
5.8
5.8
5.8
5.3
5.6
5.6
5.8
5.7
5.5
5.7
48.9
47.9
51.6
50.7
50.0
48.2
49.1
48.5
50.3
48.0
49.0
48.1
51.1
45.2
51.3
44.0
48.8
47.2
48.6
46.9
100.2
100.4
99.0
89.2
102.6
91.3
99.4
97.3
96.6
97.7
.448
.516
.501
.461
.449
.294
.533
.545
.497
.527
21.91
24.72
25.85
23.37
22.45
14.17
26.17
26.43
25.00
25.30
21.96
24.80
25.60
20.84
23.03
12.93
25.99
25.71
24.14
24.71
(9
(9
(9
<9
(9
(9
60
T
W AGES AND
H O U K S — F O U N D R IE S A N D
M A C H IN E
SHOPS
A.— Average number of days on which employees worked, average full-time
and actual hours and earnings per week, average earnings per hour, and per cent
of f ull time worked, 1929, by occupation, sex, and State— Continued
able
MACHINE SHOPS—Continued
Occupation, sex, and State
Per
Aver
Aver Aver Aver
cent of Aver age Aver
age
age
age
Num Num num
age
hours
full
age
full
full
ber of
ber of time
actu
time earn time earn
estab ofber
ings
ally
hours ings earn
em days
hours worked
lish
per
actu
ings made
per
ments ployees worked
ally
hour
per in one
in one week in one
we9k worked
week week
week
Helpers, not otherwise specified,
male—Continued.
Pennsylvania............... ..........
Rhode Island.........................
Tennessee................. - ........—
Texas...............— --------------Washington...........................
Wisconsin..............................
Total-
322
Laborers, male:
Alabama..............
California--.........
Colorado..............
Connecticut.........
Georgia................
Illinois__________
Indiana- ..............
Io w a ...................
Kansas.................
Kentucky---------Louisiana_______
Maine..................
Maryland............
Massachusetts—
Michigan..... .......
Minnesota--------M issouri............
New HampshireNew Jersey..........
New York...........
Ohio.....................
Oregon.................
Pennsylvania----Rhode Island......
Tennessee............
Texas...................
Washington.........
Wisconsin—....... .
Total-.
Laborers, female:
Indiana...........
New York___
Rhode Island-
452
626
9
25
12
13
198
5.6
6.0
5.5
5.7
5.0
5.8
51.7
51.6
54.7
48.2
47.8
50.9
50.9
52.7
51.2
47.7
38.8
53.5
3,443
5.6
50.2
49.2
58
180
68
360
68
1,313
330
167
75
50
55
39
40
619
480
88
103
29
406
737
1,205
7
1,337
212
89
74
32
285
5.9
5.7
5.7
5.8
5.6
5.7
5.5
5.1
5.4
5.4
5.5
5.5
5.5
5.8
5.7
5.3
5.8
5.7
5.8
5.7
5.7
5.6
5.7
5.8
6.4
5.7
5.8
5.7
50.7
46.1
48.0
51.0
52.1
49.8
50.9
54.0
54.4
50.5
58.0
48.3
51.0
49.6
51.9
50.8
52.0
48.5
49.5
48.7
49.8
46.3
52.0
50.5
50.6
48.6
48.3
52.1
52.4
46.0
49.0
54.2
49.5
50.1
49.5
47.5
49.3
45.5
54.5
45.1
48.1
50.6
50.5
44.6
52.0
48.9
50.5
48.8
51.3
43.4
51.5
53.4
47.2
48.6
48.6
52.6
8,506
5.7
50.5
0)
0)
0)
Total..
Lathe operators, engine, male:
Alabama............................
California.*-.......................
Colorado............................
Connecticut.......................
Georgia..............................
Illinois................................
Indiana............................. .
Io w a ................................ .
Kansas_________________
Kentucky...........................
Louisiana.......................... .
Maine.................................
Maryland...........................
Massachusetts.................. .
Michigan.......................... .
Minnesota........................
Missouri.............................
New Hampshire............... .
New Jersey.......................
* Data included in total.
28
336
38
613
90
64
34
27
16
22
39
468
316
52
128
44
212
0)
0)
0)
98.5 $0,507 $26.21
102.1
.493 25.44
93.6
.376 20.57
99.0
.413 19.91
81.2
.546 26.10
105.1
.547 27.84
$25.79
25.95
19.25
19.68
21.20
29.24
98.0
.514
25.80
25.31
103.4
99.8
102.1
106.3
95.0
100.6
97.2
88.0
90.6
90.1
94.0
93.4
94.3
102.0
97.3
87.8
100.0
100.8
102.0
100.2
103.0
93.7
99.0
105.7
93.3
ioo:o
100.6
101.0
.299
.573
.466
.476
.240
.509
.430
.442
.366
.372
.280
.420
.429
.484
.479
.426
.408
.462
.507
,511
.4fi3
.509
.443
.458
.333
.404
.529
.482
15.16
26.42
22.37
24.28
12.50
25.35
21.89
23.87
19.91
18.79
16.24
20.29
21.88
24.01
24.86
21. 64
21.22
22.41
25.10
24.89
23.06
23.57
23.04
23.13
16.85
19.62
25.55
25.11
15.66
26.33
22.82
25.83
11.88
25.48
21.29
20.98
18.00
16.92
15.25
18.94
20.63
24.50
24.18
19.03
21.22
22.61
25.60
24.92
23.74
22.10
22.81
24.47
15.73
19.62
25.68
25.32
50.5 1 100.0
.469
23.66
23.66
0)
0)
0)
0)
0)
1
8
5.4
50.8
45.4
89.4
.349
17.73
15.84
5.8
5.8
5.5
5.6
5.6
5.7
5.8
5.2
5.4
5.9
5.3
5.7
5.3
5.8
5.6
5.2
5.7
5.8
5.6
51.4
45.5
48.1
51.2
51.7
50.7
51.4
53.2
51.1
48.7
54.3
47.3
51.7
49.9
51.2
50.7
49.9
49.3
49.7
50.0
45.7
50.7
51.3
49.6
50.7
52.5
47.1
46.0
48.7
49.1
48.2
48.0
50.3
49.7
45.3
49.7
48.5
51.2
97.3
100.4
105.4
100.2
95.9
100.0
102.1
88.5
90.0
100.0
90.4
101.9
92.8
100.8
97.1
89.3
99.6
98.4
103.0
.730
.859
.720
.674
.597
.770
.671
.626
.685
.644
.670
.579
.655
.654
.679
.658
.689
.650
•769
37.52
39.08
34.63
34.51
30.86
39.07
34.49
33.30
35.00
31.37
36.38
27.39
33.86
32.63
34.76
33.36
34.38
32.05
38.22
36.53
39.30
36.48
34.56
29.57
39.07
35.25
29.49
31.50
31.37
32.87
27.91
31.46
32.89
33.78
29.84
34.23
31.63
39.33
8
8
61
GENERAL TABLES
T able A.— Average number of days on which employees worked, average full-time
and actual hours and earnings per week, average earnings per hour, and per cent
of full time worked, 1929, by occupation, sex, and /State— Continued
MACHINE SHOPS-Continued
Occupation, sex, and State
Aver
age
Num Num num
ber of
ber of
estab ofber
em days
lish ployees
worked
ments
in one
week
Lathe operators, engine, male—
Continued.
New York________ _________
Ohio.........................................
Oregon____________________
Pennsylvania
_
Rhode Island______________
Tennessee
. . . . ____ __ ___
Terns..,,
..... ... ..............
Washington .. ...............
Wisconsin____ . ____________
42
9
Total.__ __ ______________
Lathe operators, turret, male:
Alabama___________________
California__________________
Colorado__________________
Connecticut________________
Georgia____ _______________
Illinois____________________
Indiana____________________
Iowa______________________
Kansas____________________
Kentucky....... ................. ......
Louisiana........ ...................
Maine____________ ______ __
Maryland________ _______
Massachusetts.......... ..............
Michigan______ ___________
Minnesota___ _____________
Missouri................ .................
New Hampshire......................
New Jersey..............................
New York...........................
Ohio.........................................
Oregon____________________
Pennsylvania______________
Rhode Island...........................
Tennessee_________________
Texas.......................................
Washington.............................
Wisconsin___ ______ ________
Total_________ ______ ____
Lathe operators, turret, female:
Massachusetts.........................
Michigan.................................
T o t a l.......______________
Machinists, male:
Alabama___________________
California__________________
Colorado___________________
Connecticut........................... .
Georgia............... ....................
Illinois_____________ _____
Indiana.___________________
Iowa__________ _______ ____
Kansas____________________
Kentucky............ .............. .
Louisiana__________________
Maine_____________________
Maryland................................
Massachusetts....................... .
* Data included in total.
115343°— 30------ 5
Per
Aver
Aver Aver
age
cent of Aver age Aver
age
age
full
hours
full
age
full
actu
time earn time earn
time
ings
ally
hours ings earn
hours worked
ings made
actu
per
per
per in one
in
one
ally
hour
week
week week
week worked
6
6
6
487
953
52
687
208
35
125
69
14
220
5.7
5.6
5.8
5.6
5.6
5.7
5.9
5.6
5.6
48.6
50.5
47.1
52.1
51.6
50.8
46.9
47.5
51.3
50.3
50.5
47.6
52.1
49.7
50.4
47.1
46.1
51.9
421
5,640
5.7
50.3
50.2
99.8
717
36.07
36.01
1
0)
117
48
164
(0
47.1
48.0
52.1
52.2
50.5
50.7
54.6
55.2
50.1
0)
49.6
49.9
48.9
51.7
49.8
52.4
48.9
50.2
49.2
50.6
48.0
52.2
50.7
51.0
46.7
47.0
53.3
0)
45.8
51.6
51.7
50.7
50.4
47.6
45.5
43.0
50.1
0)
48.5
49.9
51.1
46. 7
41.0
52.0
48.2
50.1
48.5
50. 5
40.9
50.6
49.7
47.4
47.0
44.9
53.6
(0
97.2
107.5
99.2
97.1
99.8
93.9
83.3
77.9
210
0)
5.6
5.9
5.5
5.8
5.6
5.4
4.8
4.6
5.6
0)
5.8
5.4
5.7
5.3
4.8
5.8
5.9
5.5
5.6
5.6
5.3
5.5
5.8
5.5
5.9
5.3
5.5
100.6
0)
.770
.657
.689
.409
.798
.655
.635
.426
.521
0)
.512
.749
.695
.670
.673
.576
.671
.789
.705
.703
.729
.673
.613
.664
.698
.753
.706
(0
36.27
31.54
35.90
21.35
40.30
33.21
34.67
23.52
26.05
0)
25.40
37.39
33.99
34,64
33.52
30.18
32.81
39.61
34.69
35.57
34.99
35.13
31.08
33.86
32.60
35.39
37.63
0)
35.23
33.91
35.61
20.71
40.20
31.15
28.89
18.31
26.05
0)
24.83
37.39
35.53
31.29
27.58
29.93
32.34
39.58
34.17
35.50
29.80
34.10
30.45
31.47
32.81
33.84
37.85
359
3,855
5.6
50.5
49.9
98.8
.700
35.35
34.92
1
2
*3
0)
6
0)
4.7
(0
50.0
0)
37.9
(0
75.8
0)
.544
0)
27.20
0)
20.61
13
5.4
48.9
41.1
84.0
.432
21.12
17.78
32
98
35
90
27
381
82
40
53
38
31
42
51
127
5.9
5.9
5.6
5.8
5.2
5.7
5.7
5.3
5.8
5.6
5.4
5.6
5.8
6.7
51.1
44.9
48.1
51.6
52.7
46.5
50.6
53.3
50.3
50.9
49.9
49.7
48.3
49.5
53.2
46.0
49.0
53.0
43.8
49.6
50.3
49.3
50.4
48.2
46.8
47.0
48.9
49.6
104.1
102.4
101.9
102.7
83.1
106.7
99.4
92.5
.723
.891
.738
.755
.677
.826
.667
.632
.783
.641
.798
.590
.690
.661
29
74
6
16
2
18
4
25
14
5
3
6
1
2
4
31
25
4
H
4
21
24
62
3
39
8
4
4
5
13
6
13
2
15
6
30
16
6
9
7
5
4
5
23
10
556
120
36
5
23
0)
119
33
448
191
19
29
25
163
241
436
14
574
155
11
51
46
103.5 $0,777 $37.76
100.0 .702 35.49
101.1 .793 37.35
100.0 .732 38.13
.614 31.68
96.3
99.2
.717 36.42
100.4
.704 33.02
97.1
.788 37.43
101.2
722 37.04
100.0
0)
97.8
100.0
104.5
90.3
82.3
99.2
98.6
99.8
98.6
99.8
85.2
96.9
98.0
92.9
100.6
95.5
100.2
94.7
93.8
94.6
101.2
100.2
36.95
40.01
35.50
38.96
35.68
38.41
33.75
33.69
39.38
32.63
39.82
29.32
33.33
32.72
$39.08
35.49
37.73
38.13
30.54
36.18
33.13
36.29
37.50
38.41
41.01
36.21
39.97
29.61
40.98
33.55
31.14
39.44
30.91
37.40
27.73
33.71
32.81
62
WAGES AND HOURS— FOUNDRIES AND MACHINE SHOPS
Average number of days on which employees workedf average full-time
and actual hours and earnings per week, average earnings per hour, and per cent
of full time worked, 1929, by occupation, sex, and State— Continued
T a b l e A .—
MACHINE SHOPS—Continued
Occupation, sex, and State
Aver Aver Aver
Per
Aver
age
cent of Aver age Aver
age
Num Num num
age
age
hours
age
full
full
full
ber of
ber of time
actu
time earn time earn
estab ofber
ings
em days
ally
hours ings earn made
lish
hours worked
ings in one
actu
per
per
ments ployees worked
per
in one week
hour
in one
ally
week
week week
week worked
Machinists, male—Continued.
Michigan..............................
Minnesota............................
Missouri...............................
New Hampshire..................
New Jersey...........................
New York............................
Ohio......................................
Oregon..................................
Pennsylvania............... .......
Rhode Island............... .......
Tennessee.............................
Texas........— ------ -----------Washington.........................
Wisconsin............................
Total..
379
Machinists’ and toolmakers'
helpers, male:
Alabama...........
California_____
Colorado...........
Connecticut—
Georgia............
Illinois..............
Indiana— -.......
Iowa.................
Kentucky............
Louisiana— ........
Maine..................
Maryland............
Massachusetts—
Michigan.............
Minnesota...........
Missouri..............
New HampshireNew Jersey..........
New York...........
Ohio....................
Oregon.................
Pennsylvania......
Rhode Island----Tennessee............
Texas...................
Washington------Wisconsin............
TotalMilling-machine operators, male:
Alabama................................
California.............................
Colorado................................
Connecticut...........................
Illinois....................................
Indiana..................................
Iowa.......................................
Kansas...................................
Kentucky..............................
Louisiana...............................
Maine.....................................
Maryland..............................
Massachusetts------------------Michigan..............l................
Minnesota..............................
Missouri................................
New Hampshire.......... .........
* Data included in total.
229
220
26
82
51
129
267
300
8
455
149
43
52
63
64
5.7
5.5
5.7
5.9
5.8
5.8
5.8
5.6
5.7
5.7
5.3
5.6
5.8
5.8
51.1
51.3
51.4
51.2
49.9
48.8
50.3
47.5
52.2
50.5
50.4
47.8
47.9
51.7
50.1
49.8
50.0
50.5
51.4
50.7
51.1
50.0
52.3
49.2
48.0
45.5
47.5
55.5
98.0 $0.774 $39.55
97.1
.660 33.86
.708 36.39
97.3
.674 34.51
98.6
103.0
.731 36.48
103.9
.766 37.38
.756 38.03
101.6
105.3
.855 40.61
.690 36.02
100.2
.657 33.18
97.4
.765 38.56
95.2
.809 38.67
95.2
99.2
.790 37.84
107.4
35.31
$38.74
32.92
35.42
33.99
37.57
38.84
38.60
42.80
36.08
32.28
36.73
36.76
37.57
37.94
3,036
5.7
49.8
50.2
100.8
.739
36.80
37.11
5
28
9
58
0)
72
48
15
11
11
6
17
31
81
80
17
7
15
56
57
58
6
143
47
7
48
12
60
5.4
5.7
6.2
5.9
0)
5.6
5.6
5.0
4.7
5.7
5.3
5.6
5.7
5.7
5.8
5.4
5.7
5.3
5.8
5.7
5.7
5.5
5.7
5.9
5.7
5.1
5.8
5.7
54.4
45.3
48.1
51.4
0)
49.4
51.1
54.1
51.0
49.5
48.0
48.2
48.8
48.2
52.6
50.6
52.3
49.3
49.6
49.7
50.3
44.0
51.7
51.1
52.0
47.4
48.0
53.0
51.7
46.2
53.5
53.0
0)
50.1
49.4
48.6
39.6
46.7
45.3
48.3
50.5
46.4
52.0
47.4
50.7
43.9
51.1
50.0
51.7
40.7
52.4
51.7
53.6
41.6
49.2
54.9
95.0
102.0
111.2
103.1
0)
101.4
96.7
89.8
77.6
94.3
94.4
100.2
103.5
96.3
98.9
93.7
96.9
89.0
103.0
100.6
102.8
92.5
101.4
101.2
103.1
$7.8
102.5
103.6
.441
.652
.500
.515
0)
.581
.494
.474
.421
.440
.471
.480
.476
.502
.479
.450
.469
.466
.542
.550
.515
.571
.481
.469
.407
.446
.605
.487
23.99
29.54
24.05
26.47
<*>
28.70
25.24
25.64
21.47
21.78
22.61
23.14
23.23
24.20
25.20
22.77
24.53
22.97
26.88
27.34
25.90
25.12
24.87
23.97
21.16
21.14
29.04
25.81
22.80
30.10
26.78
27.30
0
29.10
24.44
22.99
16.68
20.55
21.32
23.18
24.04
23.32
24.89
21.33
23.78
20.49
27.70
27.49
26.60
23.22
25.20
24.22
21.83
18.52
29.78
26.73
1,006
5.7
50.3
50.0
i9.4
.504
25.35
25:20
10
62
26
194
379
55
25
3
15
0)
27
27
402
164
22
35
33
5.4
5.7
5.8
5.7
5.7
5.7
5.1
6.0
5.8
0)
5.7
5.2
5.7
5.7
5.4
5.8
6.9
53.1
46.0
48.1
51.7
50.3
51.2
55.0
52.7
51.9
0)
49.3
52.8
49.6
50.8
49.5
51.8
48.7
49.9
44.9
53.7
51.4
51.1
51.6
48.5
53.2
52.6
0)
50.0
51.5
50.4
49.8
47.4
51.3
48.3
94.0
97.6
111.6
99.4
101.6
100.8
88.2
100.9
101.3
0)
101.4
97.5
101.6
98.0
95.8
99.0
99.2
33.93
37.21
.652 31.36
.653 33.76
.775 38.98
.594 30.41
.604 33.22
.675 35.57
.472 24.50
0)
0)
.552 27.21
.841 44.40
.671 33.28
.666 33.83
.665 32.92
.590 30.56
.673 32.78
31.86
36.35
35.01
33.54
39.63
30.66
29.33
35.90
24.81
(»)
27.59
43.34
33.79
33.18
31.50
30.27
32.56
63
GENERAL TABLES
A .— Average number of days on which employees worked, average full-time
and actual hours and earnings per week, average earnings per hours, and per cent
of full time worked, 1929, by occupation, sex, and /SftaJe— Continued
T a b le
MACHINE SHOPS-Continued
Occupation, sex, and State
Aver
age
Num Num num
ber of ber
ber
of
estab of em days
lish ployees worked
ments
in one
week
M illin g -m a c h in e operators,
male—Continued.
New Jersey..............................
New York................................
Ohio.........................................
Oregon............ ........................
Pennsylvania..........................
Rhode Island...........................
Tennessee................................
Texas.......................................
Washington.............................
Wisconsin................................
20
28
64
4
37
7
4
3
4
15
96
481
576
10
425
175
Total.....................................
358
Milling-machine operators, female:
Massachusetts.........................
New York— ...........................
Rhode Island...........................
1
2
2
Aver
Per
Aver Aver
age
cent of Aver age Aver
age
age
age
hours
full
full
full
actu
time earn time earn
time
ings
earn
ally
ings
hours
hours worked actu
per
ings made
per
per in one
hour
one
ally
week in
week worked
week week
45
33
112
5.7
5.8
5.7
6.1
5.6
5.8
6.0
6.0
5.3
5.5
49.3
48.3
50.3
47.6
51.7
50.7
51.2
46.6
46.8
53.1
50.6
49.5
51.2
49.0
52.0
49.5
55.8
48.3
44.6
52.1
102.6 $0.783 $38.60
.756 36.51
102.5
101.8
.702 35.31
.846 40.27
102.9
100.6
.681 35.21
.601 30.47
97.6
.620 31.74
109.0
103.6
.456 21.25
95.3
.761 35.61
98.1
.700 37.17
3,440
5.7
50.2
50.6
100.8
.697
34.99
35.27
0
6
4
0
5.8
5.8
0
48.3
51.0
0
47.3
48.9
0
97.9
95.9
0
.520
.484
0
25.12
24.68
0
24.59
23.66
$39.67
37.39
35.96
41.39
35.43
29.72
34.63
22.03
33.93
36.48
Total.....................................
5
15
5.8
47.6
46.1
96.8
.504
23.99
23.22
Packers and cratcis, male:
Alabama....... _..................... —
California............................. —
Connecticut......................... —
Georgia.....................................
Illinois......................................
Indiana....................................
Iowa......................................—
Kansas.....................................
Kentucky................................
Louisiana...............................
Maine....... ...............................
Maryland............................ —
Massachusetts.........................
Michigan..................................
Minnesota..............................
M issouri.-..............................
New Jersey..............................
New York................................
Ohio........... ..................: _____
Pennsylvania..........................
Rhode Island...........................
Tennessee................................
T exas.................................. .
Washington.............................
Wisconsin................................
1
7
10
2
20
9
4
1
4
1
1
4
25
25
6
9
8
14
37
31
4
2
2
2
10
(0
23
46
8
173
101
25
0
7
0)
0
11
191
115
15
31
74
145
184
174
42
3
18
5
53
0
5.8
6.0
6.0
5.8
5.7
5.4
0
5.9
0
0
5.6
5.8
5.7
6.0
5.9
5.9
5.9
5.8
5.8
5.8
6.0
5.7
5.4
5.9
0
45.7
51.5
51.6
49.4
51.4
54.0
0)
51.6
0
0
51.0
49.3
51.1
50.6
51.3
49.6
49.0
49.4
50.9
51.0
48.5
48.3
47.4
49.6
0
47.4
53.1
52.8
48.7
51.8
50.3
0
51.5
0
49.8
50.9
50.3
51.3
51.9
51.7
50.1
52.3
51.9
49.8
49.2
50.8
42.7
55.3
(0
103.7
103.1
102.3
98.o
100.8
93.1
0
99.8
0
0)
97.6
103.2
98.4
101.4
101.2
104.2
102.2
105.9
102.0
97.6
101.4
105.2
90.1
111.5
0
.634
.535
.356
.564
.466
.469
0
.512
0)
0)
.500
.579
.558
.488
.465
.607
.555
.569
.534
.586
.392
.463
.708
.532
0
28.97
27.55
18.37
27.86
23,95
25.33
0
26.42
0
0)
25.50
28.54
28.51
24.69
23.85
30.11
27.20
28.11
27.18
29.89
19.01
22.36
33.56
26.39
ll)
30.05
28.40
18.78
27.45
24.14
23.60
0
26.35
0
0
24.91
29.47
28.08
25.02
24.13
31.43
27.78
29.74
27.71
29.21
19.28
23.54
30.19
29.42
1,455
5.8
50.0
51.0
102.0
.547
27.35
27.94
0
11
5
16
10
7
0
5.6
6.0
6.0
5.9
5.0
0
49.7
45.6
50.0
48.0
49.5
0
48.1
46.0
48.3
47.0
40.3
0
96.8
100.9
96.6
97.9
81.4
0
.423
.368
.312
.369
.430
0
21.02
16.78
15.60
17.71
21.29
0
20.32
16.93
•15.04
17.32
17.31
.371
18.18
17.31
0
0
1.117 50.49
0
0)
.848 42.32
.712 35.53
.952 45.79
.811 40.47
.662 33.11
0
50.66
0
44.54
33.80
43.36
39.01
33.11
Total.....................................
239
Packers and craters, female:
Connecticut.............................
Illinois.....................................
Massachusetts.........................
Michigan.................................
New York................................
Ohio.........................................
1
4
3
2
3
2
Total.....................................
15
50
5.8
49.0
46.7
95.3
Pattern makers, male:
Alabama..................................
California-..............................
Colorado..................................
Connecticut.............................
Georgia..................................
Illinois.....................................
Indiana....................................
I o w a ............................ ..........
1
14
1
15
2
15
9
2
0
68
0
100
9
115
47
3
0
5.7
0
5.8
5.7
5.6
5.7
6.0
0
45.2
0
49.9
49.9
48.1*
49.9
50.0
0
45.3
0
52.5
47.5
45.5
48.1
50.0
0
100.2
0
105.2
95.2
94.6
96.4
100.0
1Data included in total.
64
WAGES AND HOURS— FOUNDRIES AND MACHINE SHOPS
T a b l e A . — Average
number of days on which employees worked, average full-time
and actual hours and earnings per week, average earnings per hour, and per cent
of full time worked, 1929, by occupation, sex, and State— Continued
MACHINE SHOPS—Continued
Occupation, sex, and State
Aver
age
Num Num num
ber of ber
ber
of
estab of em days
lish ployees worked
ments
in one
week
Pattern makers, male—Contd.
Kansas....................................
Kentucky................................
Louisiana.................................
Maine.......................................
Maryland................................
Massachusetts.........................
Michigan.................................
M innesota..............................
Missouri..................................
New Hampshire......................
New Jersey..............................
New York................................
O h io ......................................
Oregon.....................................
Pennsylvania............. ............
Rhode Island................. _♦........
Tennessee................................
T exas.....................................
Washington.............................
Wisconsin................................
1
8
2
3
1
33
14
5
3
4
17
26
48
2
32
8
8
1
3
10
v9
(9
(9
(9
1,652
Total.....................................
288
Planer operators, male:
Alabama..................................
California................................
Colorado......... ........................
Connecticut............... ............
Georgia:......................... .........
Illinois.....................................
In d ia n a .................................
Iow a_.....................................
Kansas.....................................
Kentucky................................
Louisiana.................................
Maine......................................
Maryland................................
Massachusetts.........................
Michigan.................................
Minnesota..............................
Missouri________ __________
New Hampshire......................
New Jersey..............................
New York................................
Ohio.........................................
Oregon.....................................
Pennsylvania..........................
Rhode Island...........................
Tennessee................................
Texas.......................................
Washington________________
Wisconsin....... ......................
3
13
1
16
3
24
12
4
5
6
1
3
3
33
20
8
6
3
23
21
66
3
39
7
3
3
5
10
Total.....................................
344
Polishers and buffers, male:
Alabama..................................
California.-............................
Connecticut............................
Illinois.....................................
Indiana........... ........................
Iow a........................................
Kentucky................................
Maine......................................
Maryland................................
Massachusetts........................
Michigan..... .......................... .
Minnesota...............................
Missouri........................ .........
1
1
7
9
3
2
1
1
1
14
10
1
1Data included in total.
2
14
9
14
174
39
21
5
6
66
173
230
4
283
48
16
<9
15
177
6
27
(9
190
3
171
36
10
7
13
(9
20
14
208
98
12
25
14
85
155
463
4
230
37
6
6
24
96
1,963
6.0
6.0
5.9
Aver
Per
Aver Aver
cent of Aver age Aver
age
age
age
full earn
hours
age
full
full
actu
time earn time ings
time
ally
hours ings earn made
hours worked
ings in one
per
actu
per
per
ally
hour
in
one
week
week week
week worked
48.5
53.5
50.0
i1)
(9
0)
97.4 $0,682 $33.96
.822 42.58
103.3
.639 31.95
100.0
$33.05
43.99
31.95
49.1
49.2
46.0
56.9
50.5
49.2
47.8
48.4
44.2
51.8
47.9
43.6
99.8
95.2
92.7
117.3
101.6
100.8
97.6
95.3
98.2
98.9
96.0
88.3
.769 37.83
.795 41.10
. /37 36. 56
.848 41.13
.822 40.85
,923 45.04
.879 43.07
.867 44.04
1.007 45.32
.836 43.81
.720 35.93
.855 42.2*
37.76
39.15
33.91
48.25
41.49
45.45
42.03
41.99
44.49
43.34
34.47
37.30
44.8
52.5
94.3
104.8
1.021 48.50
792 39.68
45.69
41.57
(9
(9
(9
V9
(9
<9
49.8
51.8
50.0
l9
(9
5.7
5.9
47.5
50.1
5.7
49.9
49.3
98.8
.846
42.22
41.70
49.4
46.4
49.6
46.3
100.4
99.8
.714
.876
35.27
40.65
35.43
40.57
50.8
51.0
50.1
50.8
51.7
54.3
49.5
53.6
50.8
51.3
51.5
41.5
53.4
49.6
105.5
99.6
102.4
101.4
80.3
98.3
100.2
.734
.670
.818
.737
.649
.597
.663
37.29
34.17
40.98
37.44
33.55
32.42
32.82
39.35
34.07
41.97
37.95
26.95
31.93
32.93
(9
6.0
5.8
<9
5.8
6.0
5.8
5.8
5.1
5.7
5.8
(9
(9
(9
<9
(9
(9
l9
(9
6.0
4.9
5.8
5.7
5.6
6.0
5.9
5.8
5.6
5.6
6.0
5.5
5.5
6.0
6.0
5.5
5.4
48.2
51.1
49.3
50.6
51.3
49.1
49.7
49.7
49.2
50.9
47.0
53.6
51.5
49.2
47.3
47.7
53.5
0)
<9
51.1
46.6
49.9
50.4
48.9
51.0
50.0
51.8
49.8
51.5
47.6
53.7
50.5
48.8
47.2
45.1
53.2
106.0
91.2
101.2
99.6
95.3
103.9
100.6
104.2
101.2
101.2
101.3
100.2
98.1
99.2
99.8
94.5
99.4
.587
.666
.720
.684
.687
.776
.664
.796
.767
.761
.762
.780
.674
.706
.725
.778
.771
28.29
34.03
35.50
34.61
35.24
38.10
33.00
39.56
37.74
38.73
35.81
41.81
34.71
34.74
34.29
37.11
41.25
30.01
31.04
35.92
34.44
33.60
39.56
33.23
41.24
38.19
39.16
36.28
41.91
34.04
34.40
34.24
35.04
41.02
5.7
50.7
51.3
101.2
.754
38.23
38.72
(9
(9
0)
(9
(9
(9
9}
(9
(9
(9
(9
(9
(9
(9
(9
(9
(9
05.8
)
(9
0)
(9
5
(9
(9
5.8
5.9
5.7
5.6
5.8
5.7
5.7
5.4
6.0
(9
(9
79
83
19
49.2
51.7
49.6
48.5
49.7
48.8
49.0
50.8
45.0
52.4
49.9
49.4
5.9
5.6
5.6
(9
(9
12
56
6
2
(9
(9
5.8
5.9
5.2
5.5
(9
5.5
5.7
(9
51.2
50.5
50.0
51.0
49.0
50.0
54.0
b)
51.1
52.2
46.0
45.5
47.2
49.5
51.5
(9
(9
(9
(9
(9
(9
(9
(9
(9
(9
(9
99.8
103.4
92.0
89.2
.546
.741
.709
.478
27.96
37.42
35.45
24.38
27.90
38.69
32.62
21.75
96.3
99.0
.653
.792
32.00
39.60
30.81
39.25
28.67
27.35
95.4
(9
(9
(9
<9
.531
(9
(9
(9
(9
(9
(9
(9
(9
65
GENERAL TABLES
A.— Average number of days on which employees worked, average full-time
and actual hours and earnings per week, average earnings per hour, and per cent
of full time worked, 1929, by occupation, sex, and State— Continued
T a b le
MACHINE SHOPS—Continued
Aver
age
Num Num num
ber of ber
ber
of
estab of em days
lish ployees worked
ments
in one
week
Occupation, sex, and State
Polishers and buffers, male—
Continued.
New Hampshire.
__
New Jersey ___ —_________
New York_________________
Ohio .....................................
Pennsylvania
__ _ ___
Rhode Island ____- _- __ __
Washington .
.
.
Wisconsin
Per
Aver
Aver Aver
cent of Aver age Aver
age
age
age
age
full
hours
full
full
time earn time earn
actu
time
ings
hours ings earn
ally
hours worked
per
actu
ings made
per
ally
hour
in
one
per in one
week week worked
week week
(i)
0
95.6 $0,752 pS ?v
97.5
.709 34.39
99.0
.695 34.26
103.6
.592 31.61
98.8
.592 29.66
0
0
101.0
%
32.87
__
1
4
11
21
13
5
1
6
T o ta l...................................
115
587
5.7
50.1
49.6
99.0
.674
33.77
33.46
Indiana
.r
Kansas
.....
Kentucky_________________
Mftinft ___ ________________
Maryland _____________ __
Massachusetts_____________
Michigan
.
Minnesota_________________
Missouri __ ______________
________
New Hampshire
New Jersey________________
New York_________________
Ohio_______ _______________
Pennsylvania______________
Rhode Island .......................
Tennessee__________________
Wisconsin_________________
3
7
11
6
1
3
1
2
18
11
2
3
1
4
16
38
10
7
2
9
4
31
74
17
49.0
49.6
49.9
50.6
0
50.6
0)
48.0
48.4
52.7
49.5
52.0
0
50.0
48.9
50.7
49.6
50.4
48.8
51.6
47.8
48.0
49.7
46.6
0)
50.2
0
43.2
49.9
49.2
42.8
46.1
0
55.0
48.4
49.5
49.6
48.9
60.0
51.8
97.6
96.8
99.6
92.1
0
99.2
0)
90.0
103.1
93.4
86.5
88.7
0
110.0
99.0
97.6
100.0
97.0
123.0
100.4
.588
.664
.715
.645
(1i
.581
0
.717
.682
.787
.687
.582
0
.696
.673
.683
.669
.586
.520
.654
28.81
32.93
35.68
32.64
0
29.40
0
34.42
33.01
41.47
34.01
30.26
0
34.80
32.91
34.63
33.14
29.53
25.38
33.75
28.09
31.88
35.55
30.07
2
108
83
3
9
0
29
99
264
53
115
2
58
5.8
5.8
5.6
5.5
0
5.9
0
5.5
5.6
5.4
5.0
5.4
O')
6.0
5.7
5.5
5.4
5.7
6.0
5.5
Screw-machine operators, hand,
male:
California_________
Connecticut . -
___
- ___
- -
0
17
45
129
50
61
0
10
0
7
0
0
5.6
5.8
5.8
5.8
5.8
%
0
49.8
48.5
49.3
53.4
50.1
0)
50.8
0
47.6
47.3
48.8
55.3
49.5
0
51.3
«£ «
33.52
33.89
32.76
29.32
0
33.14
fin
3a 94
34.07
38.69
29.42
26.87
0)
38.24
32.56
33.85
33.14
28.66
31.20
33.87
T o ta l...................................
155
966
5.6
50.2
49.4
98.4
.676
33.94
33.42
Screw-machine operators, hand,
female:
Ohio.........................................
2
18
5.6
49.5
45.5
91.9
.426
21.09
19.37
Screw-machine operators, semi
automatic, male:
Alabama___ _______________
Connecticut________________
Georgia____________________
Indiana____________________
Kentucky__________________
Massachusetts______________
Michigan__________________
New Jersey________________
New York______ ____ ______
Ohio________ ______________
Pennsylvania______________
Rhode Island_______________
Tennessee__________________
Texas______________________
1
1
1
7
2
5
2
5
5
3
3
1
4
1
0)
(i)
0)
30
6
24
5
15
13
37
27
0
6
0
/n
5.3
6.0
5.7
6.0
6.0
5.7
5.5
5.3
0
6.0
0
(l)
0
0
51.7
53.8
50.5
54.4
49.3
47.7
56.0
49.3
0
51.8
0
0
0
(i)
46.5
54.1
48.0
56.2
52.5
49.9
53.6
46.9
0
52.3
0)
(!)
0
(0
89.9
100.6
95.0
103.3
106.5
104.6
95.7
95.1
0
101.0
0
0)
0
0
.531
.481
.640
.526
.770
.704
.684
.727
0
.570
0
0)
0
0
27.45
25.88
32.32
28.61
37.96
33.58
38.30
35.84
0
29.53
0
0
0
0
24.71
26.02
30.73
29.57
40.45
35.12
36.64
34.05
41
171
5.6
51.5
49.9
96.9
.644
33.17
32.16
1
2
1
6
16
7
W4
(>)
13
80
49
0
5.5
(0
5.6
5.7
5.8
(l)
49.1
(l)
52.5
49.9
50.1
(1)
45.6
0)
51.1
50. i
50.9
ft.
0)
97.3
100.4
101.6
0
.634
0)
.624
.810
.640
3tW!3
(>)
32.76
40.42
32.06
0
28.91
0
31.89
40.54
32.56
Total
___
...
Screw-machine operators, auto
matic, male:
Alabama___________________
California__________________
Colorado___________________
Connecticut________________
Illinois.....................................
Indiana....................................
1 Data included in total.
fin
(*)
66
WAGES AND HOURS— FOUNDRIES AND MACHINE SHOPS
Average number of days on which employees worked. average full-time
and actual hours and earnings per week, average earnings per hourt and per cent
of full time worked, 1929, by occupation, sex, and State— Continued
T a b l e A .—
MACHINE SHOPS—Continued
Occupation.sex, and State
Aver
age
Num Num
num
ber of ber
ber
of
estab of em days
lish ployees
worked
ments
in one
week
Screw-machine operators, auto
matic, male—Continued.
2
15
Io w a __-___ —____________ Kentucky__________________
4
23
2
8
___________
Maine____
1
Maryland.
- 0)
13
Massachusetts______________
57
11
Michigan__ ,
- __ _
79
1
(\
3
______ _
New Hampshire
2
2
4
34
New Jersey_____- __________
13
New York_________________
46
?4
Ohio.........................................
202
Pennsylvania __ _ _
14
49
5
33
Rhode Island__. . . _________
2
4
Tennessee..—___ —________
1
Texas............
(0
Washington _______
____
1
0)
30
8
Wisconsin______
Per
Aver
Aver Aver
age
cent of Aver age Aver
age
age
full
full
hours
age
full
actu
time earn time earn
time
ings
ally
hours ings earn made
hours worked
per
actu
ings in one
per
ally
one
hour
per
week in
week
week worked
week
4.9
5.9
5.8
0)
5.8
5.0
0)
6.0
6.0
6.0
5.8
5.6
5.6
5.8
6.0
0)
0)
5.4
55.4
52.2
50.6
0)
49.4
60.5
0)
49.5
49.0
§0.0
48.6
50.5
51.2
50.1
53.3
0)
0)
51.8
50.3
52.5
51.8
0)
50.8
52.4
0)
50.0
49.0
53.3
52.8
50.2
51.2
49.3
55.0
0)
(i)
50.0
90.8 $0,580
.434
100.6
.633
102.4
(i)
0)
.739
102.8
.835
86.6
0)
0)
. 51P
101.0
.580
100.0
.785
106.6
.760
108.6
.829
99.4
•711
100.0
.754
98.4
103.2 •556
0)
0)
0)
0
.742
96.5
$32.13
22.65
32.03
0)
36.51
50.52
0)
25.25
28.44
39.25
36.94
41.86
36.42
37.78
29.63
(i)
(S)
38.44
$29.17
22.78
32.78
0)
37.58
43.72
<l)
25.48
28.44
41.83
40.10
41.56
36.42
37.16
30.58
0)
(l)
37.13
144
762
5.6
51.4
51.1
99.4
.758
38.96
38.73
Sheet-metal machine operators,
male:
California___ ______ ____ _
Connecticut__ _____________
Illinois____________________
Indiana___________________
Iowa______ ________________
Kansas____________________
Kentucky ________________
Maine_____________________
Maryland_________________
Massachusetts..____________
Michigan__________________
Minnesota________________ _
Missouri___________________
New Hampshire____________
New Jersey________________
New York_________________
Ohio.........................................
Oregon____________________
Pennsylvania_______________
Rhode-Island..........................
Tennessee__________________
Wisconsin_____ ___________
1
1
16
10
3
2
4
1
3
11
16
4
5
1
6
12
20
2
19
2
1
9
0)
0)
266
84
16
3
7
0)
4
100
114
21
10
0)
32
152
SO
5
143
13
0)
53
0)
0)
5.6
5.6
5.0
5.7
6.0
0)
6.0
5.7
5.7
5.4
5.8
0)
5.7
5.8
5.8
6.0
5.7
5.9
0)
0)
49.4
51.3
53.9
54.0
50.1
0)
49.5
48.8
51.2
50.1
49.9
0)
49.1
48.3
49.0
48.0
51.0
50.6
0)
50.0
0)
0)
48.5
49.6
49.8
49.0
52.4
0)
52.5
46.2
50.5
48.7
48.1
0)
47.6
47.9
48.8
48.5
50.3
52.0
0)
51.2
0)
(i)
98.2
96.7
92.4
90.7
104.6
0)
106.1
94.7
98.6
97.2
96.4
0)
96.9
99.2
99.6
101.0
98.6
102.8
0)
102.4
0)
0)
.727
.573
.571
.498
.531
0)
.557
.497
.643
.456
.542
0)
.647
.621
.645
.694
.601
.659
(*)
.671
0)
35.91
29.39
30.78
26.89
26.60
0)
27.57
24.25
32.92
22.85
27.05
0)
31.77
29.99
31.61
33.31
30.65
33.35
(l)
33.55
0)
0)
35.31
28.41
28.42
24.40
27.83
0)
29.27
22.93
32.44
22.20
26.09
0)
30.83
29.76
31.48
33.66
30.22
34.28
0)
34.40
Total____ _
Total.....................................
149
1,136
5.7
49.4
49.0
99.2
.630
31.12
30.83
Sheet-metal machine operators,
female:
Illinois_____________________
Indiana____________________
Michigan__________________
New York_________________
Ohio........ .................... ...........
2
2
1
2
2
6
4
0)
24
26
5.7
5.5
0)
6.0
5.3
51.3
50.0
0)
47.4
49.5
50.2
45.5
0)
46.5
42.3
97.9
91.0
0)
98.1
85.5
.417
.435
0)
.486
.386
21.39
21.75
(0
23.04
19.11
20.94
19.75
0)
22.61
16.32
Total____________________
9
5.6
48.9
45.0
92.0
.440
21. 52
19.78
Toolmakers, male:
Alabama_____ _____________
California__________________
Colorado.____ _____________
Connecticut________________
Georgia____________________
Illinois___________ _______
Indiana_____ ____ _____ ____
Iowa______________________
Kansas____________________
Kentucky........................... .
2
15
2
17
4
26
14
2
4
6
5.5
5.9
5.7
5.8
5.8
5.7
5.8
4.9
5.6
5.8
49.5
45.9
48.0
51.4
51.8
49.9
50.4
54.4
54.0
50.2
45.5
48.4
53.5
52.4
51.8
49.6
51.3
47.2
48.4
47.4 ,
91.9
105.4
111.5
101.9
100.0
99.4
101.8
86.8
89.6
94.4
.751
.983
.761
.809
.717
.783
.758
.684
.649
.769
37.17
45.12
36.53
41.58
37.17
39.07
38.20
37.21
35.05
38.60
34.18
47.60
40.72
42.43
37.17
38.85
38.92
32.27
31.40
36.42
1 Data included in total.
63 |
2
77
25
145
10
366
76
15
7
13
GENERAL TABLES
67
.—Average number of days on which employees worked, average full-time
and actual hours and earnings per week, average earnings per hour, and per cent
of full time worked, 1929, by occupation, sex, and State— Continued
T a b le A
M ACHINE SHOPS—Continued
Occupation, sex, and State
Toolmakers, male—Continued.
Maine_______ . ____________
Maryland.___ . . . . . _________
Massachusetts. -,.
Michigan............. . r
M itin
_
Missouri .........-T-New Hampshire_____ ___ New Jersey________________
New York_________________
Ohio.........................................
Oregon____________________
Pennsylvania__ _
,
■Rhode Tsland___ _ _ __
Tp.nnft^ftp. , _
Texas______________________
Washington ^
_
Wisconsin_________________
Per
Aver
Aver Aver
age
cent of Aver age Aver
age
age
hours
full
age
full
full
time earn time earn
actu
time
ings
ally
hours
ings
earn
hours worked actu
made
per
ings in
per
one
per
hour
one
ally
week in
week worked
week week
Aver
age
Num Num num
ber of
ber of
estab ofber
em days
lish ployees
worked
ments
in one
week
4
4
31
27
7
11
2
13
27
58
3
37
8
3
4
6
13
11
73
364
144
22
28
19
88
367
463
4
197
178
10
22
14
no
6.0
5.7
5.7
5.8
5.2
5.9
6.0
5.9
5.7
5.8
6.0
5.7
5.9
5.9
5.8
5.9
5.8
48.9
49.7
50.3
51.8
51.3
51.5
48.3
49.5
48.4
49.9
45.0
51.1
51.0
50.8
47.3
47.7
50.7
55.4
52.6
51.1
51.6
46.8
50.6
50.0
50.1
46.6
51.2
48.1
51.5
50.9
50.6
46.8
47.2
53.0
113.3 $0,680 $33.25
105.8
.798 39.66
101.6
.737 37.07
99.6
.827 42.84
91.2
.695 35.65
98.3
.680 35.02
103.5
.778 37.58
101.2
.797 39.45
96.3
.826 39.98
.784 39.12
102.6
.854 38.43
106.9
100.8
.753 38.48
99.8
.686 34 99
99.6
.800 40.64
98.9
.853 40.35
.830 39.59
99.0
104.5
.759 38.48
350
2,850
5.7
50.0
50.4
100.8
.780
39.00
39.26
Other precision-machine oper
ators, male:
3
4
5.3
49.5
Alabam a.... . . . ________ -___
9
18
5.9
46.3
California__________________
1
Colorado__________________0)
0)
0)
90
5.8
51.0
Connecticut________________
5
33
5.5
52.6
Georgia___________________ 310
5.6
23
51.9
Illinois____________________
5.9
12
49
51.5
Indiana__________________ _
2
37
4.9
55.0
Iowa _ ____________________
Transas___________________ _
2
2
6.0
54.0
5.9
48.7
Kentucky....... .............. .........
3
9
2
4
6.0
59.5
Louisiana__________________
48.2
2
5.9
Maine____________________ _
13
1
Maryland_____ . . . . __ - ___ —
(*)
0)
<»)
77
49.6
5.8
Massachusetts______________
60
5.7
50.7
Michigan_______________ __
16
Minnesota_________________
24
5
5.3
50.3
7
Missouri__________________ _
48
5.8
53.0
14
5.9
New Hampshire___________ _
2
48.1
74
5.6
49.3
New Jersey_________ ______ _
20
175
5.7
New York_________________
28
49.1
Ohio________________ ______
60
326
5.7
49.8
7
Oregon____________________
2
5.9
48.0
238
5.7
38
52.2
Pennsylvania___________
55
5.9
Rhode Island_______________
6
50.5
4
17
5.9
Texas______________________
48.9
4
18
5.5
47.1
Washington________________
100
Wisconsin__________________
13
5.5
53.8
43.9
46.3
0)
53.8
16
47.5
51.5
52.5
45.3
56.2
48.4
61.3
49.9
0)
15
52.5
4&3
45.0
53.3
48.0
48.2
50.6
51.8
48.3
53.3
50.0
48.7
44.5
54.6
88.7
100.0
0)
105.5
90.3
99.2
101.9
82.4
104.1
99.4
103.0
103.5
0)
105.8
95.3
89.5
100.6
99.8
97.8
103.1
104.0
100.6
102.1
99.0
99.6
94.5
101.5
.626
.773
0)
.691
.408
.706
.583
.611
.604
.580
.494
.600
0)
.586
.656
.578
.536
.680
.685
.653
.656
.616
.667
.606
.563
.737
.695
30.99
35.75
0)
35.24
21.46
36.64
30.02
33.61
32.62
28.25
29.39
28.92
<*>
29.07
33.26
29.07
28.41
32.71
33.77
32.06
32.67
29.57
34.82
30.60
27.53
34.71
37.39
27.45
35.75
0)
37.19
19.37
36.35
30.63
27.73
33.92
28.09
30.24
29.95
0)
30.74
31.69
26.03
28.55
32.60
33.04
33.08
33.95
29.76
35.52
30.26
27.39
32.79
37.99
Total____________________
1,813
5.7
51.0
51.4
100.8
.655
33.41
33.67
Other precision-machine oper
ators, female:
2
13
Massachusetts______________
Michigan_____ ___________
2
2
1
New Jersey__. . . . . . . ________
0)
New York_____. . . . . . _______
3
28
1
Ohio________ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
<*>
2
55
___. . . . . . . _____ Pennsylvania
5.9
6.0
<*)
5.8
0)
5.7
44.6
50.0
0)
48.0
41.5
50.0
48.8
45.9
0)
46.5
93.0
100.0
0)
95.6
0)
95.3
.551
.633
0)
.424
0)
.455
24.57
31.65
0)
20.35
0)
22.20
22.83
31.64
0)
19.47
0)
21.17
48.8
46.1
94.5
.428
20.89
19.75
49.6
46.5
48.0
50.6
50.8
49.4
99.6
103.4
106.5
104.9
100.0
.707
.838
.709
.698
.514
35.07
38.97
34.03
35.32
26.10
34.94
40.32
36.21
37.06
26.10
Total_______ ____________
301
$37.64
41.96
37.61
42.71
32.51
34.41
38.88
39.93
38.54
40.18
41.10
38.79
34.95
40.45
39.90
39.19
4a 20
Total-...................................
11
211
5.7
Other skilled employees, male:
Alabama___ ______________ _
California_____________ ____
Colorado.____ . . . __________
Connecticut____ . . . ______
Georgia.................................. .
4
20
2
19
6
16
207
113
340
18
5.8
5.8
5.9
5.8
5.8
1Data included in total.
(1)
j
<9
l\
53.1
50.8
68
WAGES AND HOURS— FOUNDRIES AND MACHINE SHOPS
T a b l e A . — Average
number of days on which employees worked, average full-time
and actual hours and earnings per week, average earnings per hour, and per cent
of full time worked, 1929, by occupation, sex, and State— Continued
MACHINE SHOPS—Continued
Occupation, sex, and State
Aver
age
Num Num- num
ber of ber
ber of
lish- ofem- days
ments ployees worked
in one
Other skilled employees, male—
Continued.
Illinois.....................................
Indiana....................................
Iowa
1,468
391
156
42
63
13
77
89
738
1,014
119
111
74
346
1,418
1,338
Kentucky............
Louisiana............
Maine..............
Maryland............
Massachusetts__
Michigan.............
Minnesota...........
Missouri..............
New HampshireNew Jersey..........
New York...........
Ohio.....................
Oregon.................
Pennsylvania___
Rhode Island___
Tennessee............
Texas____ ______
Washington.........
Wisconsin............
TotaL.
272
58
17
58
505
470 10,786
Other skilled employees, female:
Illinois........... _......................
Indiana..................................
Kentucky..............................
Massachusetts.......................
Michigan...............................
New Jersey............................
New York..............................
Ohio.......................................
Pennsylvania........................
Rhode Island........................
Total..
Other employees, male:
Alabama...................
California.................
Colorado...................
Connecticut.............
Georgia.....................
Illinois......................
Indiana.....................
Iowa..........................
Kansas......................
Kentucky.................
Louisiana..................
Maine.......................
Maryland.................
Massachusetts..........
Michigan.................
Minnesota................
Missouri...................
New Hampshire___
New Jersey...............
New York................
Ohio..........................
Oregon......................
Pennsylvania...........
Rhode Island...........
Tennessee.—..........
Texas........................
>Data included in tota
5.8
5.8
5.4
5.8
5.5
5.8
5.9
5.7
5.8
5.7
5.5
5.6
5.9
5.9
5.7
5.7
5.3
5.7
5.8
5.5
5.6
5.5
5.8
25
Per
Aver
Aver Aver
cent of Aver age Aver
age
age
age
hours
full
age
full
full
time earn time earn
actu
time
ings
ally
earn
hours
ings
hours worked actu
per
ings made
per
one
ally
hour
per in one
week in
week worked
week week
50.4
51.0
54.4
54.9
49.9
57.1
49.1
49.8
48.8
52.4
50.2
51.8
48.7
49.6
48.5
50.0
47.2
51.1
50.5
51.7
47.6
47.8
51.3
51.0
51.1
52.2
54.0
48.1
58.8
52.2
50.7
50.1
50.5
47.1
49.7
49.4
51.5
48.7
50.5
42.6
51.3
51.0
47.8
45.7
44.9
54.6
101.2 $0.696 $35.08
100.2
.615 31.37
96.0
.576 31.33
98.4
.603 33.10
96.4
.678 33.83
103.0
.663 37.86
.647 31.77
106.3
.715 35.61
101.8
102.7
.673 32.84
.677 35.47
96.4
.657 32.98
93.8
.600 31.08
95.9
.614 29.90
101.4
.719 35.66
103.8
100.4
.728 35.31
.669 33.45
101.0
.759 35.82
90.3
.675 34.49
100.4
.636 32.12
101.0
92.5
.720 37.22
.714 33.99
96.0
.806 38.53
93.9
106.4
.710 36.42
$35.48
31.45
30.05
32.55
32.63
39.00
33.77
36.28
33.70
34.17
30.91
29.78
30.34
37.03
35.47
33.79
32.30
34.62
32.43
34.45
32.65
36.22
38.75
50.3
50.6
34.51
34.73
16.81
16.32
20
5.9
51.4
814
83.5
49.8
0)
0)
29.1
47.0
0)
45.9
38.7
46.6
49.8
0)
96.4
79.3
97.1
98.4
.327
0)
0)
.407
.356
0)
.387
.380
.360
.427
19.54
18.62
0)
18.42
18.54
17.28
21.61
11.85
16.72
0)
17.77
14.69
16.77
21.27
8
8
139
0)
118
30
21
50
5.4
0
5.8
5.0
5.8
5.9
0)
48.0
52.3
0)
47.6
48.8
48.0
50.6
409
5.6
50.0
46.0
92.0
.375
18.75
17.27
26
233
44
382
44
796
298
83
48
61
22
54
41
490
358
110
99
28
256
906
1,208
53
1,487
266
5.8
5.8
6.0
5.7
5.7
5.7
5.7
5.5
5.6
5.9
5.9
5.9
5.6
5.8
5.7
5.8
5.9
6.0
5.8
5.7
5.8
5.7
5.7
5.8
5. 7
6.1
49.9
45.9
48.0
50.7
53.9
50.3
50.9
54.1
55.1
51.5
49.0
48.8
48.7
49.4
51.7
50.1
51.1
48.6
49.4
48.8
49.9
47.2
51.5
50.8
50.5
47.7
49.8
46.5
53.5
52.9
52.9
50.1
50.7
50.7
50.9
51.1
48.9
50.5
47.7
49.2
64.3
49.1
51.4
49.9
50.0
49.0
50.5
46.0
52.0
50.9
48.6
50.2
99.8
101.3
111.5
104.3
98.1
.411
.606
.475
.438
.336
.519
.486
.483
.413
.377
.308
.414
.461
.489
.450
.515
.449
.511
.551
.526
.523
.549
.464
.420
.383
.503
20.51
27.82
22.80
22.21
18.11
26.11
24.74
26.13
22.76
19.42
15.09
20.20
22.45
24.16
23.27
25.80
22.94
24.83
27.22
25.67
26.10
25.91
23.90
21.34
19.34
23.99
20.50
28.16
25.41
23.17
17.75
26.02
24.66
24.51
21.00
19.24
15.07
20.88
22.01
24.06
28.95
25.27
23.04
25.51
27.58
25.80
26.41
25.27
24.11
21.38
18.61
25.23
93.7
92.4
99.2
99.8
103.5
97.9
99.6
124.4
98.0
100.6
102.7
101.2
100.4
101.2
97.5
101.0
100.2
96.2
105.2
69
GENERAL TABLES
T able A.— Average number of days on which employees worked, average full-time
and actual hours and earnings per week, average earnings per hour, and per cent
of full time worked, 1929, by occupation, sex, and State— Continued
MACHINE SHOPS—Continued
Occupation, sex, and State
Aver
age
Num Num num
ber of ber
ber
of
estab of em days
lish ployees worked
ments
in one
week
Aver
Per
Aver Aver
age
cent of Aver age Aver
age
age
hours
full
full
age
full
time earn time earn
actu
time
ings
hours ings earn
ally
hours worked
ings made
per
actu
per
per in one
ally
hour
one
week in
week week
week worked
Other employees, male—Contd.
Washington________________
Wisconsin_________________
7
14
88
525
5.8
5.8
47.7
51.2
46.6
53.3
97.7 $0.571 $27.24
104.1
.447 22.89
$26.61
23.82
Total____________________
467
8,108
5.8
50.3
51.2
101.8
.488
24.55
24.99
Other employees, female:
Indiana____________________
.......... .....
Kentucky....
Massachusetts______________
Minhigan
New Hampshire
New York_________________
Ohio.........................................
Pftnnsylvflnia ___
_____
Rhode Island______________
Tp.nnASSAP. nn_„ ......
1
1
5
1
1
3
2
2
1
1
(i)
(i)
19
0)
0)
116
74
35
0
(i)
0
(i)
5.4
0
(i)
5.7
5.7
5.7
0
0
(0
0
48.0
(0
0
48.0
49.5
48.0
0)
(i)
0)
0
42.8
0)
0
46.1
47.0
46.1
(0
0
0
0
89.2
0
0)
96.0
94.9
96.0
0
0
0
0
.333
0
0
.375
.302
.397
(0
0
0)
0
15.98
(i)
0
18.00
14.95
19.06
0
0
(0
0
14.26
0)
0
17.30
14.21
18.30
0)
0
Total____________________
18
298
5.7
49.0
46.7
95.3
.345
16.91
16.10
All employees, male:
Alabama___________________
California__________________
Colorado___________________
Connecticut________________
Georgia____________________
Illinois____________________
Indiana.____________________
Iowa______________________
Kansas____________________
Kentucky_________________
Louisiana__________________
Maine_____________________
Maryland_________________
Massachusetts______________
Michigan .......
Minnesota_________________
Missouri___________________
New Hampshire____________
New Jersey________________
New York_________________
Ohio_______________________
Oregon____________________
Pennsylvania______________
Rhode Island_______________
Tennessee__________________
Texas________________ ______
Washington________________
Wisconsin__________________
6
23
2
19
8
36
16
6
10
10
5
4
7
38
36
8
19
6
28
32
85
6
48
10
8
10
7
15
284
2,133
654
4,104
332
11,149
2,965
1,032
436
624
217
650
705
7,673
5,580
856
1,153
535
3,624
8,958
13,965
396
12,537
3,104
540
742
732
4,255
5.8
5.8
5.8
5.7
5.6
5.7
5.6
5.2
5.6
5.7
5.6
5.8
5.6
5.8
5.7
5.4
5.8
5.9
5.7
5.7
5.7
5.6
5.7
5.7
5.6
5.8
5.6
5.7
50.0
45.9
48.1
51.0
52.3
50.0
51.0
54.1
54.1
50.7
54.1
49.0
50.0
49.3
51.9
50.4
51.4
49.0
49.5
48.7
50.1
47.2
51.7
50.8
50.8
47.6
47.6
51.6
49.6
46.2
51.3
52.5
49.5
50.1
50.1
48.8
50.2
48.8
51.5
49.6
50.2
50.0
51.0
46.8
50.9
48.8
50.7
48.7
50.7
45.8
51.7
50.1
48.5
46.9
45.4
52.9
99.2
100.7
106.7
102.9
94.6
100.2
98.2
90.2
92.8
96.3
95.2
101.2
100.4
101.4
98.3
92.9
99.0
99.6
102.4
100.0
101.2
97.0
100.0
98.6
95.5
98.5
95.4
102.5
.551
.779
.619
.639
.434
.691
.564
.552
.508
.526
.489
.544
.656
.630
.639
.578
.574
.625
.685
.683
.646
.691
.615
.592
.550
.583
.732
.639
27.55
35.76
29.77
32.59
22.70
34.55
28.76
29.86
27.48
26.67
26.45
26.66
32.80
31.06
33.16
29.13
29.50
30.63
33.91
33.27
32.36
32.62
31.78
30.07
27.94
27.75
34.84
32.97
27.33
35.99
31.72
33.54
21.49
34.64
28.25
26.94
25. 51
25.66
25.18
27.00
32.98
31.49
32.63
27.03
29.20
30.47
34.76
33.27
32.73
31.64
31.78
29.67
26.71
27.37
33.24
33.77
508 89,935
5.7
50.3
50.4
100.2
.641
32.24
32.30
50.0
50.7
50.0
0
47.1
51.6
0)
50.0
47.8
49.2
48.4
51.1
(0
51.1
48.3
45.3
0
39.7
46.1
0
48.5
46.1
45.2
46.6
49.0
0
102.2
95.3
90.6
0
84.3
89.3
0)
97.0
96.4
91.9
96.3
95.9
0
.424
.377
.357
0
.414
.411
0)
.397
.408
.382
.413
.427
0
21.20
19.11
17.85
0
19.50
21.21
0
19.85
19.50
18.79
20.47
21.31
0
21.66
18.22
16.18
95
261
0
45
411
302
153
111
0
5.7
5.7
5.4
0
5.3
5.4
0
5.8
5.8
5.5
5.7
5.8
0
56 1 1,556
5.6
49.3
46.1
Total——.......
All employees, female:
Connecticut____________ - __
Illinois____________________
Indiana____ _______________
Kentucky_________________
Massachusetts_________ - - __
Michigan__________________
New Hampshire________ -__
New Jersey____________ ____
New York_________________
Ohio_______________________
Pennsylvania______________
Rhode Island.._____________
Tennessee__________________
Total____________________
i Data included in total.
2
6
3
1
10
10
1
2
6
7
5
2
1
7
56
49
0
-
93.5
.399 119.67
!
■ =i:
S u
18.98
0
19.28
18.80
17.28
19.69
20.47
0)
18.41
70
WAGES AND HOURS— FOUNDRIES AND MACHINE SHOPS
A . — Average number of days on which employees worked, average full-time
and actual hours and earnings per week, average earnings per hour, and per cent
of full time worked, 1929, by occupation, sex, and State— Continued
T a b le
MACHINE SHOPS—Continued
Occupation, sex, and State
All employees, male and female:
Alabama . _____
California_______ ______ ____
Colorado________________ -_
Connecticut__ -__________ —
Georgia______________ _____
Illinois_____ ___________ ___
In d ia n a .-...___________ ___
Iowa.. . . . . . . ____________ . . .
Kansas__________ ________—
Kentucky__ ____________ __
Louisiana___________ _. . . . .
Maine_____________________
Maryland____ __ _______ ___
M assachusetts______________
Michigan..____ ____ _______
Minnesota_________________
Missouri___________________
New Hampshire....__ . . . . . . .
New Jersey_____________ ___
New York___,
____
Ohio.........................................
Oregon___________________ Pennsylvania______________
Rhode I s la n d ...........____
Tennessee______ __ _______ _
Texas_______ __________ ___
Washington.._— _. . . . . . . . .
Wisconsin_________________
T o t a l ......... .—. . . . . . . . . . .
Aver
age
Num Num num
ber of ber
ber
of
estab of em days
lish ployees worked
ments
in one
week
Per
Aver
Aver Aver
age
cent of Aver age Aver
age
age
full
age
full
hours
full
time earn time earn
actu
ings
time
ally
hours ings earn made
hours worked
per
actu
ings in one
per
in
one
ally
per
hour
week
week worked
week week
284
2,133
654
4,111
332
11,205
3,014
1,032
436
652
217
650
705
7,768
5,841
856
1,153
572
3,669
9,369
14,267
396
12,690
3,215
541
742
732
4,255
5.8
5.8
5.8
5.7
5.6
5.7
5.6
5.2
5.6
5.7
5.6
5.8
5.6
5.8
5.6
5.4
5.8
5.9
5.8
5.7
5.7
5.6
5.7
5.7
5.6
5.8
5.6
5.7
50.0
45.9
48.1
51.0
52.3
50.0
51.0
54.1
54.1
50.9
54.1
49.0
50.0
49.3
51.8
50.4
51.4
49.0
49.5
48.6
50.1
47.2
51.7
50.8
50.8
47.6
47.6
51.6
49.6
46.2
51.3
52.5
49.5
50.1
50.0
48.8
50.2
49.0
51.5
49.6
50.2
49.8
50.8
46.8
50.9
48.8
50.7
48.6
50.6
45.8
51.7
50.1
48.5
46.9
45.4
52.9
99.2 $0,551
100.7
.779
106.7
.619
102.9
.639
.434
94.6
100.2
.689
.561
98.0
90.2
.552
92.8
.508
.512
96.3
95.2
.489
101.2 .544
100.4
.656
101.0
.628
98.1
.630
.578
92.9
99.0
.574
99.6
.610
102.4
.682
100.0
.672
.641
101.0
97.0
.691
100.0
.612
98.6
.586
.550
95.5
98.5
.583
95.4
.732
102.5
.639
508 91,491
5.7
50.3
50.3
100.0
6
23
2
19
8
36
16
6
10
10
5
4
7
38
36
8
19
6
28
32
85
6
48
10
8
10
7
15
.638
$27.55 $27.33
35.76
35.99
29.77
31.72
32.59
33.52
22.70
21.49
34.55
34.45
28.61
28.06
29.86
26.94
27.48
25.51
26.06
25.06
26.45
25.18
27.00
26.66
32.80
32.98
30.96
31.31
32.63
32.02
29.13
27.03
29.50
29.20
29.89
29.77
33.76
34.57
32.64
32.64
32.11
32.41
32.62
31.64
31.64
31.64
29.77
29.36
27.94
26.69
27.75
27.37
34.84
33.24
32.97
33.77
32.09
32.06
T a b l e B . — Average
and classified earnings per hour in 8 specified occupations in foundries and 17 in machine shops, 1929, by sex and State
FOUNDRIES
Number of—
Occupation, sex, and State
____________
367
23 $0,318
123 .628
44
.486
111
.516
50 .235
449
.595
170 .509
103 .522
37
.366
15 .408
39 .343
.433
44
43
.439
346
.535
.571
401
46 .510
71
.485
19 .480
293
.576
334
.598
365
.496
26
.558
593 .540
149 .518
60
.297
30 .348
32 .656
217 .623
4,233
.538
2
35
4
1
2
1
1
18
3
1
1
9
2
1 25
Indiana 3
25
12
11
2
2
17
10
3
5
14
4
12
15
2 .....
8
1
1
44
23
6
39
19
5
111
28
37
16
9
8
10
31
6
58
31
15
9
9
4
7
32
18
8
39
31
6
17
18
1
10
20
3
5
15
1
11
4
33
60
10
5
1
61
23
12
59
15
12
99
9
8
74
6
10
20
8
3
28
3
3
15
4
3
6
1
6
7
130
96
6
9
3
40
62
69
6
127
48
4
53
53
8
14
4
79
88
32
16
70
12
5
17
2
6
17
1
6
6
4
2
3
36
54
25
3
77
9
9
12
5
13
9
3
7
3
6
1
2
3
1
2
8
101
19
8
4
1
2
41
3
57
6
23
163
547
670
832
602
1
5
9
20
102
1
1
1
2
2
6
29
53
7
19
2
72
30
101
1
104
45
1
5
15
7
2
17
7
1
34
39
3
6
1
1
15
9
25
23
3 .....
1
1
28
7
23
13
16
6
TABLES
Total-
3
18
3
15
7
26
16
9
9
6
3
4
7
26
32
6
15
5
14
24
38
5
39
8
5
5
7
12
GENERAL
Chippers and rough grinders, male:
Alabam a...__________________
California_. . . . . . . . . __________
Colorado__ . . . . . . . . . . . . . ______
Connecticut___. . . . . . . . _______
Georgia____ . . . . . . . . . _________
Illinois___ . . . . . ____ - _________
_____ ________________
Iowa_____ —_________________
Kftngfia_____________________
Kentucky__ _________________
Louisiana..._________________
Maine_______________________
Maryland____________________
Massachusetts_______________
Michigan____________________
Minnesota___ . . . . . ___________
Missouri_____________________
New Hampshire______________
New Jersey._____ ____________
New Y o r k ...________________
Ohio............................................
Oregon______________________
Pennsylvania________________
Rhode Island________________
Tennessee____________________
...................
Texas .......................
W ashington....________ . . . ___
Wisconsin___________________
Number of employees whose earnings per hour were—
Aver
age
70
25 30
75 80 85
90
35
95
65 and
earn Un 20 and
45
50
55
$1.50 '$1.75
60
and and 40
and and and and cents '$1.00 $L25
Estab Em ings der and
and and and
un un un un and and and and and and un un un un un and Iand
MTU un un un
under
under
under
under
lish ployees per
under
under
20 der der der der
der der der der der un der der der der
55
65
?0
45
hour cents
60
ments
50
25 30 35 40
95 der 1
75 80 85 90
cents cents cents cents cents cents cents cents cents cents cents cents cents cents cents $1.00 $1.25 $1.50 $1.75 $2.00
51
11
11
5
17
9
4
4
2
6
20
7
14
3
9
3
11
1
14
10
6
3
2
6
1
458
313
136
126
95
38
26
13
18
1
B.—Average and classified earnings per hour in 8 specified occupations in foundries and 17 in machine shops, 1929, by sex and State—
72
T able
Continued
Number of employees whose earnings per hour were—
Number of—
.744
(*)
0)
1
1
6
4
2
2
7
4
2
4
1
3
23
U
1
1
50
6
15
1
3
1
1
1
3
14
1
1
7
2
19
3
3
2
1
14
10
1
9
9
5
1
1
1
89
112
15
13
1
3
2
6
1
2
4
14
11
2
2
1
6
1
13
15
1
5
4
23
5
2
5
3
19
1
8
1
2
19
16
3
13
31
22
1
29
7
3
7
6
6
1
1
4
3
6
3
2
2
7
1
23
25
6
2
1
22
28
5
2
2
1
5
8
40
13
4
1
9
31
19
1
62
10
2
2
5
31
5
5
2
2
3
12
2
43
24
10
2
1
1
1
13
1
14
2
26
22
24
1
5
4
1
7
34
5
4
3
4
6
11 ’ "I 2’
4
98
6
14
19
51
48
19
1
4
3
1 24
2
4
2
1
1
1
8
8
7
13
27
26
6
26
23
20
75
26
37
34 . 19
1
3
3
65
32 ’ ’ 37" '■ 47"
51
2
8
8
5
1
1
5
1
4
9~
2
5
2
3
31
14
9
9
36
14
13
1
1
32
30
8
22
38
1
55
13
3
1
1
25
207
193
316
287
320
39
12
4
2
29
33
2
56
9
1
2
6
1
356
.
7
3
34
6
3
8
3
4
47
8
12
17
4
11
21
7
3
14
3
1
49
23
4
1
2
1
5
8
1
1
349
|
92
7
7
15
221
376
3
146
1
25
17
45
1
36
1
1
2
1
1
SHOPS
3,370
5
11
1
2
1
11
6
2
1
MACHINE
Core makers, female:
Georgia................
387
1
11
5
3
AND
Total .
4
11 $0. 589
140
,923
22
,788
114
.778
.421
33
331
.741
177
.723
88
756
19
.569
12
.647
9
736
13
.459
43
.620
169
.842
344
.711
41
.654
.745
.623
128
.835
282
.711
393
.784
15
.720
522
.749
87
.657
.592
34
23
.578
24
.818
222
.740
6
316
HOURS— FOUNDRIES
Core makers, male:
Alabama..............
California....... —
Colorado..... ........
Connecticut____
Georgia................
Illinois.............. —
Indiana...........—
Iowa.....................
Kansas_________
Kentucky............
Louisiana............
Maine........ ..........
Maryland.........—
Massachusetts__
Michigan_______
Minnesota______
Missouri..............
New HampshireNew Jersey.........
New York______
Ohio___________
Oregon............ .
Pennsylvania___
Rhode Island___
Tennessee....... —
Texas...................
Washington.........
Wisconsin______
AND
Occupation, sex, and State
Aver
age
95
75 80
85 90
70
20 25 30 35
$1.25 $1.50 $1.75
65
55
60
50
45
40
earn
and and and and cents $1.00
and and and and and
and and and and
Estab- Em ings Un
and and and and and and
un
un
and
un
un
un
un
un
un
un
der
under under under under under under der der der der der un un un un un
lish ployees per
der
der
der
20
der
der der der der
65
70
55
60
45
hour cents 25 30 35 40
50
ments
95 der $1.25
90
85
75 80
$1.50 $1.75 $2.00
cents cents cents cents cents cents cents cents cents cents cents cents cents cents cents $1.00
WAGES
FOUNDRIES—Continued
7
1
1
Illinois....... ......
Indiana............ . .
Kentucky______
Massachusetts__
Michigan.......... .
New Jersey..........
New Y ork......... .
Ohio....................
Pennsylvania----Rhode Island___
Wisconsin.......
T o ta l...............
24
22
3
70
35
51
(')
17
10
36
38
Molders, hand, bench, male:
Alabama____________________
California________- ___________
Colorado____________________
Connecticut........ ...... .............—
* Data included in total.
384 10,980 l
1
17
2
16
0)
71
2
142
400
0) .
.919
.945
.716
2
2
2
4
4
5
2
1
1
14
6
8
6
11
5
8
0)
6
2
5
8
6
5
(1)„
5
3
3
6
7
7
(»)
2
1
1
3
1
12
5
2
4
1
32
42
31
36
24
22
1
5
13
5
50
73
28
13
12
8
6
40
59
13
6
161
55
4
127
78
100
77
14
154
354
56
17
29
243
184
63
4
7
211
162
36
3
105
31
38
86
25
11
1
0
22
58
100
36
30
6
49
57
518
2
525
25
2
8
0)
(,)i
115
427
14
16
6
261
322
253
10
268
82
®.
95
127
3
12
2
104
162
79
7
65
14
28
212
4
6
23
36
1
9
54
32
2
81
3
2
39
10
1
3
24
8
74
1
18
1
5
1
2
5
1
1
1
1
15
27
6
1
68
3
1
2
1
1
2
1
2
1
2
3
10
3
8
22
17
2
1
11
8
3
2
84
18
5
47
5
3
35
3
1
21
69
1
3
8
41
1
28
18
11
60
12
1
16
9
!
18 | 10
49 1 21
547 2,188 2,549 2,541 1,069 | 590
58
2
21
3
41
19
32
30
1
5 ” 21'
15
1
3 46
1
69
22
21 5
7
49
35
36
1
14
4
144 421
2
8
0)
4
148
179
15
32
2
228
249
387
16
311
62
1
3
7
7
3
0)
5
2 1
2
1
1
2
27
4
5
3
5
2
2
5
25
4
4
11
2
3
7
1
2
5
7
32
6
1
14
9
3
22
4
10
5
5
3
13
13
1
5
1
2
4
16
3
14
2
8
1
2
364
216
29
15
23
143
34
102
1
4
33
60
40
7
5
1
22 "* 7
2
3
61
2
1
1
2
1
1
4
1
0)
1
1 1
1
2
0)
4
13
22
17
(*)
11
129 ' 83
10
19
5
1
1
1
1
TABLES
Total____ ____
.297
.585
.424
.501
.261
541
.462
.483
.369
.387
.293
(l)
.391
518
533
449
431
.456
.499
.534
.467
.514
.408
.514
.291
.343
573
,515
3
2
2
1
280
64
295
55
481
157
1,067
865
247
63
57
106
0)
91
493
1,147
114
169
17
723
1,000
1,356 |
38
1,350
230
100
8C>
62
514
3
4
2
1
1
2
GENERAL
Laborers, male:
Alabama_______
California....... .....
Colorado............ .
Connecticut_____
Georgia................
Illinois-................
Indiana..............
Iowa.....................
Kansas............. ...
Kentucky............
Louisiana............
Maine. ________
Maryland............
Massachusetts. _.
Michigan......... —
Minnesota...........
Missouri....... .......
New HampshireNew Jersey_____
New York______
Ohio.....................
Oregon.................
Pennsylvania___
Rhode Island___
Tennessee.......... .
Texas....... ...........
Washington.........
Wisconsin_______
1
.506
.412
0)
.435
490
.490
0)
.344
.417
.526
2
3
2
10
1
4
15
44
6
CO
B.— Average and classified earnings per hour in 8 specified occupations in foundries and 17 in machine shops, 1929, by sex and State—
Continued
Number of employees whose earnings per hour were—
Number of—
783
2
1
2
1
3
1
1
3
1
1
1
1
1
7
1
2'
1
1
2
3
3
3
4
2
2
2
1
1
1
2
1
3
11
3
2
1
2
8
5
4
3
4
1
12
5
3
16
20
5
2
1
12
14
4
4
7
48
66
115
205
3
2
7
1
7
3
3
4
1
1
1
3
8
1
1
1
28
6
11
7
3
3
4
24
4
1
36
15
3
2
1
14
2
2
20
3
4
4
2
4
2
1
8
2
1
3
14
7
2
6
21
22
3
3
5
21
5
2
2
4
23
8
27
8
6
17
14
4
1
2
15
20
3
1
4
1
4
29
3
1
1
3
25
11
1
17
9
15
3
13
33
1
1
3
6
25
13
3
35
9
4
16
5
196
164
1
5
16
11
4
13
5
16
6
15
18
12
5
33
10
1
2
2
12
238 | 231
11
1
1
1
1
4
15
33
1
6
19
2
1
96
30
1
9
1
27
5
34
1
36
1
2
.......
!........
3
....... 1........
I
I
1
1
7
17
1
5
27
35
10
13
2
5
36
11
3
2
3
15
6
10
1
19
. 1
26
5
11
5
3
3
2
5
2
7
2
4
130
270
112
221 1 34
16
6
50
1
10
2
38
2
4
2
19
150 1
6 I .....
10 1 2
6
19
2
1
2
11
6
9
1
10
7
3
1
,
4
18
3
16
39
207
33
286
727
■
. 966
.849
.801 !— .
-
r
i
1
.
■
i
1
2
1
12
•1!
2
1
17 i
1
23 ‘ "49"
17
9
3
35
6
16
10
30
2
5
2
SHOPS
2,008
1
MACHINE
Molders, hand, floor, male:
Alabama
____ . . . _____ _
California ____
Colorado____ ___ ...______ __
Connecticut_________________
•21
1
30 $0,600
169
797
126
733
42
798
9
518
7 . 704
5
. 489
20
707
19
.679
209
.887
268
.845
26
643
31
780
24
694
88
, 850
199
745
142
.851
13
795
250
747
88
777
11
.618
15
. 566
7
.844
84
.721
AND
Total......... ..................... ........
G
24
15
9
o
4
2
4
5
2")
84
6
7
R
14
25
32
4
26
9
3
3
4
13
HOtTRS— FOUNDRIES
Molders, hand, bench, male—Con.
Georgia
.
-- i
Illinois - __ __________ ______
Indiana ______ . . . . . . ____ - __
I o w a ___________ ___________
____
Kansas
Kentucky
.
__ _____
Louisiana
Maine
Maryland
Massachusetts ____________ ___
________________
Michigan.
Minnesota
Missouri
. . . . __
New Hampshire.. _______ _ .
New Jersey
__ _______
New Y o rk .. ________ ___ _ _
Ohio............................................
Oregon
____ __ _
Pennsylvania________________
Rhode Island______________
Tennessee
Texas
Washington
Wisconsin
AND
Occupation, sex, and State
Aver
age
95 $1.00 $1.25 $1.50 $1. 75
75 80 85 90
70
20 25 30 35
.65
55
60
45
50
40
earn
and and and and cents and and |and and
and and and and and
and and and and and and
Estab Em ings Un
un un un un and un un- un un
der un un un un under
under un
under
under
under
under
lish ployees per
der der der der un der der 1 der der
20 der der der der 45
65
70 der
60
ments
50
55
hour cents
90 95 der
85
75 80
25 30 35 40
$1.50 $1.75 $2.00
cents cents cents cents
cents cents cents cents $1.00 $1.25
cent? cents cents cents cents cents cents
I
WAGES
FOUNDRIES—Continued
74
T able
8
.742
.864
.768
.802
.632
.634
.731
.696
.790
.918
.804
.715
.785
.714
.886
.847
.878
.852
.805
.775
.750
.728
.882
.863
385
5,453
.828
Molders, machine, male:
1
Alabama___________
0)
8
20
California____ ______
22
2
Colorado___________
Connecticut________
8
118
Georgia______ ______
3
18
17
387
Illinois_____________
11
244
Indiana____________
Iowa__________ ____
89
6
5
17
Kansas_____________
Kentucky__________
2
16
2
3
L ou isia n a ......_____
1
Maine______________
0)
4
39
Maryland...................
284
23
Massachusetts...........
Michigan____ ______
25
566
4
34
Minnesota__________
9
44
Missouri................ .
2
New Hampshire........
10
14
180
New Jersey_________
434
20
New York__________
26
427
Ohio_______________
1
Oregon_____________
0)
29
413
Pennsylvania_______
i Data included in total.
<*)
.685
.647
.667
.630
.780
.716
.707
.588
.519
.397
0
.609
.794
.679
.633
.710
.585
.817
.723
.814
0)
.724
Total.
1
1
1
1
5
4
1
5
1
5
1
1
1
3
1
1
3
12
(9
1
1
4
1
33
64
147
1
7
1
3
7
7
4
4
10
6
1
3
7
8
130
152
0)
29
3
1
2
5
28
1
1
2
7
40
1
2
I
1
1
3
10
3
4
11
7
1
3
6
1
1
2
7
7
2
1
2
(,)4
1
13
1
1
39
37
I
6
(*)
1
5
8
2
8
7
6
1
1
1
1
2
10
2
20
3
18
3
23
*$2 and over per hour.
141
19
1
14
1
1
3
3
2
3
4
4
2
2
1
3
1
6
1
10
14
19
1
4
1
3
1
10
22
2
3
6
8
4
1
4
14
5
23
” *5
10
2
6
59
289
455
552
622
555
571
780
414 785
57
13
3
3
(9
2
13
3
17
31
5
3
2
15
1
18
3
31
38
6
3
4
21
20
8
6
5
3
17
73
8
1
1
6
16
19
(I)4
15
51
7
5
4
11
29
30
(,)4
21
61
15 ]1 46
53
(9
5
1
30
7
2
0)
0)
6
27
58
4
14
1
11
67
28
0)
71
0)
•11
TABLES
34
6
13
6
16
?,7
40
5
37
8
7
6
7
12
54
438
347
129
54
51
52
46
81
312
435
62
146
37
246
370
657
32
708
131
74
55
63
308
16
9
9
7
4
4
7
GENERAL
Georgia_____ . . . .
Illinois..-----------In d ia n a ......___
Iowa___________
Kansas_________
Kentucky_______
Louisiana___ . . . .
Maine_________ _
Maryland....... . . .
Massachusetts.. .
Michigan_______
Minnesota______
Missouri.............New Hampshire.
New Jersey_____
New York______
Ohio___________
Oregon.................
Pennsylvania___
Rhode Island___
Tennessee_______
Texas......... ..........
Washington_____
Wisconsin______
0)
23
26
1
2
21
12
45
42
19
22
8
1Includes 8 at $2 and over per hour.
•<r
Oi
B.— Average and classified earnings per hour in 8 specified occupations in foundries and 17 in machine shops, 1929, by sex and State—
76
T able
Continued
Number of employees whose earnings per hour were—
Number of—
3,854
.734
Molders’ helpers, floor, male:
Alabama__________________ __
California___ __ . . . ___________
Colorado_______________ . ____
Connecticut_________ ________
Georgia___________ . _________
Illinois__ ___ __ _____________
Indiana__ ___ ______________
Iowa_____ — ________________
Kansas_____ _. . ____________
Kentucky___________________
Louisiana_______ ____________
__ . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Maine
......_
Maryland____. . . _____________
Massachusetts.______________
M i c h ig a n ..........____ _____
Minnesota___________ ______
M issouri_____________ . . . __ _
New Hampshire_____________
New Jersey__________________
New Y ork______ ____________
Ohio_______. . . . . ____________
Oregon..
. . . . _______
Pennsylvania . . . . . ______ ___
Rhode I s l a n d . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3
13
3
11
4
12
14
4
2
5
1
3
3
15
26
5
9
3
14
20
20
4
32
5
12
75
40
83
23
76
103
30
3
9
0)
26
18
79
196
32
88
9
169
143
195
24
294
37
.355
.581
.475
.490
.275
.562
.515
.413
.340
.388
0)
.415
.438
.513
.497
.435
.507
.465
.537
.595
.440
. 524
.504
.456
1
8
5
10
1
1
2
1
5
3
1
1
5
9
15
11
41
91
136
267
7
2
1
1
4
1
1
2
0)
1
1
1
2
1
7
1
5
2
5
10
7
4
1
1
.....
6
1
26
1
5
5
12
1
23
17
1
25
2
20
17
12
11
12
7
8
16
2
26
1
30
3
33
1
1
19
21
2
1
22
1
16
1
15
1
23
3
325
399
442
421
381
355
266
266
161
248
24
20
2
6
21
4
2
2
1
3
4
3
2
10
5
7
5
12
13
6
5
2
2
1
7
11
1
2
8
1
2
1
1
1
1
2
1
1
1
8
19
3
1
16
11
15
2
2
10
3
8
2
12
2
3
2
1
4
1
4
9
2
3
1
4
18
12
4
17
9
23
38
4
14
4
20
15
33
18
5
2
12
1
1
7
0)
0)
1
5
19
8 -- ---14
” "22*
43
60
47
4
3
17
3
7
59
1
1
6
54
37
16
10
27
15
40
45
55
5
13
63
86
71
2
9
19
3
14
17
13
1
23
30
10
3
34
3
8
3
1
3
SHOPS
249
2
MACHINE
Total______________________
176 $0.717
7
.481 ....... j........
1
. C58
12
1
11
.786
1
.759
255
AND
8
2
2
3
11
HOUBS— FOUNDRIES
Molders, machine, male—Contd.
Rhode Island______ __________
Tennessee__________________
Texas___ __ ___ ______ _ ____
W ftshingtrvn................................
W isconsin ......______________
AND
Occupation, sex, and State
Aver
age
70 75 80
85 90 95
20 25 30 35
$1. 25^$1.50 $1.75
55
65
60
40
50
45
earn
and and and and cents $1.00
and and and and and
and and and
and and and and and and
Estab Em ings Un
un and and
un
un
un
un
un
un
un
un
der
un un un
un
under
under
under
lish ployees per
under
under
under
20 der der der der 45 | 50
der der der der der un der der I der der
65
55
60
ments
70
hour cents
25 30 35 40 cents |cents cents cents cents cents 75 80 85
90 95 der $1.25 $1.50 $1.75 $2.00
cents cents cents cents
cents cents cents cents cents $1.00
WAGES
FOUNDRIES—Continued
.321
.413
.585
.518
-08— oSfrSQII
Tennessee_______
Texas...................
Washington_____
Wisconsin_______
Total................
1,919
.602
6
27
8
2
44
4
4
1
2
4
2
2
3
5
39
11
4
6
4
2
2
1
2
2
30
76
341
4C0
461
206
117
83
37
33
12
1
1
1
7
1
3
1
1
2
i
4
1
0)
Total................
24
124
151
6
33
4
102
103
70
7
110
0)
6
6
16
35
0)
I
" j
i
....... i.........
’ i
i
i
. j .........
i
.796
.731
.901
.714
.991
.717
.864
.820
.820
.934
.766
0)
.936
.883
1.029
.762
0)
2
5
3
1
11
1
1
1
4
0)
6
9
(0
i____
|
1 1
I
1I
1,127
9
8
1
1
1
i
3
7
1
25
30
1
7
1
20
0)
1
17
10
2
1
1
2
5
10
9
0)
5
3
18
3
2
0)
3
18
11
2
2
15
1
4
3
1
25
8
2
6
11
4
14
11
6
12
0)
8
0)
1
3
30
9
1
0)
5
22
21
2
4
1
13
14
5
1
4
3
2
2
2
2
1
2
2
17
6
1
1
4
6
22
2
1
7
19
3
3
6
5
8
1
4
12
18
20
1
13
6
4
6
16
8
10
1
1
10
1
10
27
2
1
4
26
21
28
2
17
3
2 .....
4
1
5
40
12
18
1
5
6
3
3
18
1
3
1 .....
2
1
13
152
59
176
11
7
4
15
3
7
1
2
1
9
9
8
64
85
113
112
155
120
®7
(>)
14
6
20
0)
20
11
42
27
7
11
8
16
13
97
84
87
314
48
23
1
4
TABLES
6
8
21
2
10
3
11
11
12
3
14
1
2
4
4
6
2
9
4
1
15
2
2
1
4
GENERAL
Pattern makers, male:
Alabama..............
California...........
Colorado..............
Connecticut_____
Georgia_________
Illinois.................
Indiana________
Iowa.....................
Kansas.................
Kentucky............
Louisiana............
Maine..............
Maryland............
Massachusetts. . .
Michigan.............
Minnesota...........
Missouri..............
New Hampshire.
New Jersey.........
New Y ork______
Ohio.....................
Oregon.................
Pennsylvania___
Rhode Island___
Tennessee..........
Texas...................
Washington_____
Wisconsin_______
261
5
1
28
M ACHINE SHOPS
Assemblers, male:
Alabama____________________
California____________________
Colorado____________________
Connecticut_________________
Georgia_____ ________________
Illinois______________________
1Data included in total.
1
11
1
12
3
22
(>) A (*)
124 $0,789
0)
0)
138 .731
13 .374
888 .695
0)
1
4
1
6
3
2
1
7
2
5
8
0)
0
roi
6
14
29
69
(*>
2
0)
9
1
85
1
4
«<r
Average and classified earnings per hour in 8 specified occupations in foundries and 17 in machine shops, 1929, by sex and Stale
78
T a b l e B .—
Continued
Number of—
16
68
.747
.863
142
10
249
44
.761
.474
.795
(9
(9
(9
3
3
47
15
18
8
3
4
9
4
2
15
51
107
330
(9
11
8
94
28
6
13
3
3
11
11
52
17
1
10
<9
10
7
166
67
9
26
8
14
15
78
1
102
73
5
3
196
55
10
14
5
25
23
140
1
100
56
6
1
2
42
4
6
196
106
6
11
3
36
84
151
’ 118
26
31
789
834 1,026 1,028
(9
(9
(9
l
.....
5
2
5
3
479
283
25
56
18
2
13
1
12
3
7
168
87
8
12
4
27
144
170
2
141
37
4
436
2
10
1
4 i
(9
12
1
27
11
979
941
181
70
92
13
21
16
23
SHOPS
.657
40
70
1,284
564
68
113
57
221
735
977
27
921
315
38
63
7
8
9
MACHINE
Boring-mill operators, male:
Alabama....... ......................
California________ _______
Colorado________________
Connecticut______________
Georgia_________________
Illinois____________ ______
Indiana................................
345
7,670
(9
106
16
4
6
AND
Total_________ _________
$0,548
.566
.367
.437
0)
.552
.667
.638
.656
.559
.603
.658
.696
.716
.683
.753
.673
.612
.544
.415
.771
.652
101
59
47
HOURS— FOUNDRIES
Assemblers, male—Continued
Indiana................................
Iowa____________________
K~ftngftg___________________
Kentucky___________ ____
Louisiana________________
Maine...................................
Maryland.................... .......
Massachusetts----------- -----Michigan____ ___________
Minnesota_______________
Missouri..............................
New Hampshire__________
New Jersey..........................
New York________ _______
Ohio.....................................
Oregon.................................
Pennsylvania____ ________
Rhode Island.......................
Tennessee..... ......................
Texas...................................
Washington............ - ...........
Wisconsin_____. . . . . . _____
AND
Occupation, sex, and State
Number of employees whose earnings per hour were—
Aver
age
75
85 90
70
20 25 30 35
$1.75
65
55
40
45
60
50
earn- Un and
and and and and c*nts and land $1.50
and and and
1and
and and and and and and
mgs der un and
Estab Em
un
un
un
un
un and un- un and
un
un
un
unun
under
lish ployees per
under
under
under
under
under
der der der der un der der der I der
20 der der der der 45
65
70 der
50
ments
60
55
hour cents
90 95 der $1.25-$l. 50 $1.75 $2.00
75 80 85
25 30 35 40 cents cents
cents
cents
cents
cents
cents cents cents cents cents $1.00i
cents cents cents cents
WAGES
MACHINE SHOPS—Continued
372
2,333
Drill-press operators, male:
'Alabama........................ .
California.....................
Colorado........................
Connecticut................. ..
Georgia.......................... .
Illinois________________
Indiana.............. ........... .
Iowa__________ ______ _
Kansas........................... .
Kentucky.......................
Louisiana..........._......... .
Maine. _____ _____ ____
Maryland...................... .
Massachusetts........... ...
M ichigan............- .........
Minnesota......................
Missouri........................
New Hampshire.______
New Jersey...................
New Y ork____________
Ohio................................
Oregon______ _________
Pennsylvania.________
Rhode Island.................
Tennessee_____________
Texas______ __________
1Data included in total.
4
20
2
19
6
32
15
6
6
8
2
3
5
37
27
8
15
4
23
29
76
6
46
9
5
6
15
97
38
189
20
924
211
86
22
43
9
29
41
466
238
47
77
30
261
417
760
27
709
114
22
74
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
1
2
3
1
3
1
1
1
1
2
1
1
1
3
1
8
1
3
3
1
11
12
2
2
1
1
5
19
5
2
23
6
3
2
1
1
20
45
2
1
23
16
7
8
5
15
1
1
11
8
1
21
8
1
1
53
17
2
2
1
6
4
18
2
1
2
1
1
1
6
4
26
7
2
3
4
27
9
3
14
14
2
18
20
97
3
49
1
4
li" ” 13’
22 31
62 69
1
58 83
5
8
4
3
1
1
15 29
3
3
2
1
3
9
4
5
4
7
19
18
52
3
62
6
13
54
2
29
8
6
22
3
16
1
4
1
29
12
22
6
16
1
5
2
13
8
1
7
7
1
5
5
4
2
12
1
5
93
119
243
311
351
359
313
187
109
85
103
1
3
2
5
9
8
18
36
4
5
6
2
2
4
3
25
16
7
30
22
2
25
1
16
3
20
11
4
18
.....
8
4
2
5
.....
2
1
2
2
95
24
15
127
13
21
132
14
14
103
3
9
123
3
1
84
1
80
1
44
1
15
10
1
2
3
21
17
6
13
1
7
13
22
2
36
6
6
13
10
3
48
24
11
9
7
16
24
44
1
70
6
3
11
4
9
4
29
1
59
42
13
3
4
2
6
4
65
43
4
9
3
19
32
114
5
144
19
4
12
2
3
11
1
23
51
8
6
6
1
4
3
1
2
2
2
1
4
1
12
5
2
12
2
4
4
1
6 ""l2*
1
2
10
7
4
4
5
73
40
4
10
1
18
47
137
3
122
24
2
7
11
1
1
3
7
7
62
71
22
34
2
4
12
8
3
36 ” ’ 36*
78
86
144
110
7
4
85
89
12
21
3
5
2
3
48
14
6
1
12
35
44
64
4
52
12
1
1
25
1
2
1
1
6
1
8
15
6
1
3 " T
5
3
4
1
1
10
10
22
20
2
6
6
4 1 *
2
1
1
1
4
3
9
7
2
3
2
2
2
1
•
1
1
1
4
1
.750 !I
.476
.690
.630
.637
.359
.705
.512
.591
.431
.456
.370
.532
.676
.612
.597
.574
.514
.630
.696
.654
.627
.587
.595
.615
.506
.488
1
1
1
1
1
2
TABLES
Total_______________
.529
.671
.665
.572
.723
718
.695
.685
706
.686
.814
.767
.759
.838
738
.618
.673
.583
.845
.770
GENERAL
19
6
8
9
14
18
150
90
27
38
4
94
167
473
12
400
48
15
5
27
163
Iowa_________________
Kansas___- ___________
Kentucky.......................
Louisiana........................
Maine........ .....................
Maryland— .................
Massachusetts................
Michigan..................... .
M innesota....................
Missouri....... ................ .
New Hampshire______
New Jersey....................
New York...... .............. .
Ohio__________________
Oregon.......................... .
Pennsylvania_________
Rhode Island................ .
Tennessee...................... .
Texas............................. .
Washington__________ _
Wisconsin____________
1
3
29
13
4
1
3
25
37
54
51
9
...... ..... .....
1
18
11
3
10
5
1
26
25
30
23
19
14
8
7
8
4
3
2
5
1
7
14
1
2
1
10
1
6
1
1
5
1
1
1
1
1
co
B.— Average and classified earnings per hour in 8 specified occupations in f oundries and 17 in machine shops, 1929, by sex and State
80
T able
Continued
Number of employees whose earnings per hour were—
Number of—
Total.
2
20
2
19
2
29
13
4
3
9
1
2
1
27
23
4
10
3
24
27
61
3
43
8
3
5
13
204
41
659
4
788
163
19
16
57
17
0)
356
283
17
80
35
545
936
1,786
19
899
340
11
34
1
.628 1
.694
.848
.628
.667
.588
.732
.627
.624
.524
.631
0)
.493
0)
.660
.657
.619
.555
.664
.734
.730
.648
.747
.649
.593
.653
.734
4
17
52
99
1
3
1
1
2
5
2
8
6
45
3
47
2
50
8
42
12
34
11
16
3
12
8
2
1
5
1
269
408
704
719
789
702
501
418
250
183
90
36
45
5
4
17
1
1
10
90
2
2
5
4
95
2
41
6
50
2
55
1
46
50
1
31
9
12
8
9
6
114
24
3
98
7
74
6
57
46
4
22
41
1
5
108
2
99
30
6
1
11
4
2
4
109
1
94
29
4
1
10
29
3
7
2
2
1
39
35
3
1
4
35
65
257
50
53
3
1
2
8
1
17
8
3
2
6
1
3
3
83
1
42
23
2
6
3
3
2
3
4
3
1
10
4
8
19
2
9
19
50
24
11
1
2
4
9
5
21
1
30
1
30
25
20
27
1
4
6
10
2
6 “*_42“
55
34
91
157
38
34
4
95
47
1
1
73
29
4
5
94
99
1
4
7
68
104
350
3
146
77
1
5
0)
51
36
3
5
6
77
85
340
1
106
39
. ..
9
67
27
1
4
4
66
109
209
4
139
13
1
4
1
5
0)
34
29
2
2
8
40
132
142
8
84
9
2
8
26
21
7
20
3
4
1
8
7
1
57 ” 64* ""58"
145 88
47
88
39
20
1
1
51 ” 26" 21
5
3
1
4
1
4
2
4
3
8
3
1
..... “ I5"
14
19
1
10
1
1
1
30
10
4
2
7
2
1
1
SHOPS
Texas.
5,291
1
MACHINE
Kentucky_______
Louisiana............
Maine..............
Maryland.......... .
Massachusetts-. .
Michigan.............
Minnesota______
Missouri..............
New HampshireNew Jersey.........
New York...........
Ohio.....................
Oregon............ .
Pennsylvania___
Rhode Island___
440
1
AND
Fitters and bench hands, male:
Alabama........................... . . .
California________________
Colorado...............................
Connecticut______________
Georgia...................... ...........
Illinois...................................
Indiana..................................
Iowa_____________ ________
47 $0,677
278
.647
HOURS— FOUNDRIES
Drill-press operators, male—Con.
Washington________________
Wisconsin__________________
AND
Occupation, sex, and State
Aver
age
70 75 80 85 90 95 $1.00 $1.25 $1.50 $1.75
20 25 30 35
65
45
50
55
60
earn
40
and and and and cents and and and and
and and and and and
and and and and and and
Estab Em ings Un
un un un and
un
un
un
der
un
un
un un un
under under under under under der un
lish
per
der der der der un un
20 der der der der under
der der der der
70
55
65
50
60
45
ments ployees hour cents
95 der $1.25
25 30 35 40 cents cents cents cents cents cents 75 80 85 90
$1.75 $2.00
$1.50
cents cents cents cents cents $1.00
cents cents cents cents
WAGES
MACHINE SHOPS—Continued
62
324
Washington...............................
Wisconsin....... .............- ...........
Total______ - .............—........
367
Laborers, male:
Alabama___________________
California................. ................
Colorado...................................
Connecticut..............................
Georgia..................... ...............
Illinois.......................................
Indiana.....................................
Iowa.........................................
Kansas................................ ......
Kentucky.................................
Louisiana.................................
Maine. .....................................
Maryland............. ...................
Massachusetts________ ____
JData included in total.
.677
0)
69
21
184
453
47
51
(0
0)
.793
.755
.661
.761
.594
.581
0)
.436
0)
.596
.762
.667
.745
20
0)
23
31
235
403
19
26
21
76
222
429
0)
225
179
8
0)
14
313
111
2,888
.701
1,313
330
167
75
50
55
39
40
619
7
30
65
678
1
3
2
3
1
11
17
10
3
2
3
3
2
22
23
6
9
0)
1
2
1
8
1
(*)
5
1
—1
2
2
5
6
6
43
2
3
1
5
8
18
20
29
1
4
4
9
14
38
5
6
25
14
4
0)
1
7
55
154
.573
.466
.476
.240
.509
.430
.442
.366
.372
.280
.420
.429
.484
6
1
2
I
1
5
1
1
(0
1
10
29
10
43
17
2
1
4
1
1
12
2
2
5
1
2
23
15
18
2
37
42
327
178
.666
.560
.631
.711
.729
.698
0)
.687
.638
.518
0)
.800
.704
180
1
13
12
5
9
6
1
0)
(a)
4
48
917 1,193 1,070
1
22
25
8
15
3
1
24
34
3
15
9
2
35
42
4
6
1
9
4
37
24
7
41
30
29
10
16
4
5
250
952
763
626
9
3
22
63
6
1
0)
9
6
13
59
2
1
17
2
10
66
1
2
2
11
52
2
9
1
5
41
3
11
36
2
2
12
40
7
28
5
1
2
16
1
1
2
4
39
6
3
5
26
61
9
26
61
2~
8
26
50
10
40
32
8
21
23
4
20
21
4
9
2
2
9
3
2
8
9
14
13
1
17
1
13
0)
1
12
8
7
(0
3
2
245
293
330
351
341
268
78
49
1
2
11
1
2
1
24
1
10
2
282
136
47
46
24
1
22
22
210
15
13
25
35
3
19
7
49
63
32
6
5
6
4
7
24
100
2
3
28
25
5
32
15
62
5
138
2
39
30
4
37
18
61
20
95
2
2
2
1
4
7
2
37
35
2
4
4
6
18
58
23
42
4
24
122
3
403
29
33
2
2
21
79
6
2
54
5
2
8
15
43
0)
22
35
1
1
18
5
9
139
3
65
317 273 192
-------1I____
1
5
2
9
144
59
100
2
1
42
2
11
17
4
3
3
14
1
17
5
2
4
2
17
26
322
40
11
198
7
17
109
3
8
2
2
1
112
58
27
5
2
1
8
. „.
•
1
1
6
1
1
24
1
12
TABLES
Total......................................
7,715
1
GENERAL
Grinding-machine operators, male:
Alabama...................................
California____ ______________
Colorado...................................
Connecticut-...................... ......
Illinois_____________________
Indiana_____ _______________
Iowa..........................................
Kansas......................................
Kentucky__________________
Louisiana.............. ...................
Maine- ................. ..................
Maryland.................................
Massachusetts________ ____
Michigan___________ ______ —
Minnesota...............................
Missouri..................................
New Hampshire______ ______
New Jersey________ _____ ___
New York__________________
Ohio..........................................
Oregon_______________ ____
Pennsylvania......... ..................
Rhode Island............................
Tennessee________________ .. .
Texas...................... .................
Washington.......... ........ ...........
Wisconsin______ ___________
760
.658
1
00
B.— Average and classified earnings per hour in 8 specified occupations in foundries and 17 in machine shops, 1929, by sex and State—
82
T able
Continued
Number of—
29
248
28
336
38
613
90
64
34
27
16
22
1
16
9
11
3
2
3
1
4
21
1
1
14
3
2
4
1
1
1
1
689 2,287 1,832 1,778
799
387
154
62
37
16
12
3
6
2
2
2
2
36
3
27
12
7
8
1
3
3
7
5
48
4
50
10
22
2
15
2
5
5
92
1
9
6
70
13
52
12
22
1
2
6
11
4
48
2
88
17
7
3
2
6
34
3
41
4
99
14
8
55
2
19
1
1
27
48
3
8 " T
28
1
5
20
1
7
4
86
8
87
24
2
21
1
36
2
2
3
3
73
2
10
68
4
2
1
6
3
29
1
18
46
3
52
30
182
17
19
10
1
2
10
529
67
13
14
1
63
278
81
1
3
1
109
97
305
.730
.859
.720
.674
.597
.770
.671
.626
1
1
2
1
4
.685
.644
.670
.579
.655
.654
5
2
4
6
4
39
6
22
5
1
8
9
1
92
20
8
7
91
133
304
2
5
1
2
100
45
63
7
47
87
360
4
4
2
1
1
2
2
1
1
1
4
12
6
8
7
2
1
3
2
3
18
124
6
7
6
123
265
252
6
215
25
47
2
1
1
67
122
105
1
46
10
32
1
1
20
1
28
64
36
2
22
59
5
4
43
31
1
30
4
5
1
2
1
5
4
87
1
i
___1....
!
2 1 l
1
2
i
2 i
1
1
1
1
1
1
10
1
1
16
1
7
1
6
1
6
SHOPS
8,506
3
38
10
17
6
15
27
118
MACHINE
Lathe, operators, engine, male:
Alabama.............................
California...........................
Colorado.............................
Connecticut.......................
Georgia........- .............. ......
Illinois............................
Indiana....... ......................
Iowa............ .......................
Kansas........ ....................
Kentucky.................... ......
Louisiana............ ..............
Maine.................................
Maryland..........................
Massachusetts................
452
1
14
3
6
1
12
1
18
AND
Total ...............................
103
29
408
737
1,205
7
1,337
212
89
74
32
7
$0,479
.426
.408
.462
.507
.511
.463
.509
.443
.458
.333
.404
.529
.482
HOtTRS— FOUNDRIES
Laborers, male—Continued.
Michigan...... .....................
Minnesota..........................
Missouri................. _..........
New Hampshire____ ____
New Jersey.........................
New York..........................
Ohio....................................
Oregon................................
Pennsylvania.....................
Rhode Island.....................
Tennessee...........................
Texas..................................
Washington........................
Wisconsin..... ........... . ........
AND
Occupation, sex, and State
Number of employees whose earnings per hour were—
Aver
age
75 80 85 90 95
70
20 25 30 35
$1.25 $1.50 $1.75
earn Un and
45
55
50
60
65
40
and and and and cents $1.00
and and and
and and and
and and and and and and
Estab Em ings der un and
and and
un
un
un
un
un
un
un
un
un
un un un
per
under under under under under der der der der
lish ployees
20 der der der der under
der un der der der der
55
65
hour cents
60
45
50
70
ments
25 30 35 40 cents cents cents cents cents cents 75 80 85 90
95 der $1.25 $1.50 $1.75 $2.00
cents cents cents cents cents $1.00
cents cents cents cents
WAGES
M ACHINE SHOPS—Continued
316
52
128
44
Michigan.........
Minnesota......... .
Missouri..............
New Hampshire.
New Jersey..........
New York______
Ohio.....................
Oregon.................
Pennsylvania___
Rhode Island___
Tennessee............
Texas__________
Washington.........
Wisconsin______
Total .
421
0)
117
48
164
(0
119
33
448
191
19
29
25
163
241
436
14
574
155
11
51
46
210
0)
.770
.657
.689
.409
, 798
.655
.635
.426
.521
<*>
.512
749
.695
.670
.673
.576
.671
.789
.705
.703
.729
.673
.613
.664
.698
.753
.706
3,855
700
10
556
120
350
49
2
10
6
4
6
17
1i
7
73
10
42
1
31
32
2
11
1
9
121
1
9
14
1
1
4
1
2
4
" 22_
2
7
1
J
1
” i2 ~
10
3
1
3
%!l
1
18
16
....
1
’ l3"
12
24"
17
1
3
1
7
31
82
350
174
1
29
21
2
3
2
3
11
31
48~
25
“T
' 15'
271
2
7
13
81
1
45
12
1
27
463
0)
10
5
20
"" 30”
17
3
24
1
45
20
2
2
5
4
17
30
2
68
3
16
55
6
12
14
56
17
9
5
10
10
31
8
3
6
34
7
45
138
25
87
9
6
22
17
25
4
28
3
29
93
92
11
72
6
1
18
32
19
725
822
779
714
632
11
0)
15
7
(?4
1
20 34
1
■■*44* 46
16 26
11
1
15
6
17
10
28
131
1
108
49
1
11
1
5
21
1
39
9
14
7
2
65
25
3
5
4
6
15
65
160
3
120
5
13
4
•43
70
171
19
17
12
3
32
7
8
81
26
5
3
3
24
33
77
1
87
24
6
4
3
24
*99'
18
2
1
1
31
453
535
501
20
....
1
5
56
14
1
1
2
32
45
67
0)
15
3
12
14
1
15
ir
'§6"
68
13
23
17
1
25
2
47
6
48
1
2
15
4
7
“T
2
8
417
179
7
1
11
17
1
4
509
39
16
2
2
~2l
24
27
2
53
5
3
26
9
14
10
27
13
26
17
‘i2‘
‘T
1
14
15
2
29
"T
1
1
10
186
4
2
1
"l8"
1
‘ 78“ ’ 156“ _90'
12
9
4
1
4
61
27
4
1
6
20
45
61
9
71
10
2
16
14
....
10
10
12
40
2
5
1
.....
2
3
4
13
1
”T ‘il’ “ i‘
16
25
4
383
253
146
16
TABLES
.717
487
953
52
687
208
35
125
69
5
10
GENERAL
>Data included in total.
5,640
212
Lathe operators, turret, male:
Alabama.............................
California.............. ............
Colorado...................... ......
Connecticut_____________
Georgia...............................
Illinois__________________
Indiana................... ..........
Iowa....................................
Kansas................................
Kentucky...........................
Louisiana_______________
Maine.................................
Maryland..........................
Massachusetts...................
Michigan............................
Minnesota______ ________
Missouri................... .........
New Hampshire................
New Jersey........................
New York_______ _______
Ohio....................................
Oregon................................
Pennsylvania.....................
Rhode Island.....................
Tennessee...........................
Texas..................................
Washington........................
Wisconsin_______________
Total........................................
220
.679
.658
.689
.650
.769
.777
,702
.793
.732
.614
.717
.704
.788
.722
85
T able
B.— Average and classified earnings per hour in 8 specified occupations in foundries and 17 in machine shops, 1929, by sex and State—
QO
Continued
Number of employees whose earnings per hour were—
Number of—
I
-I
1
i
i
!
.
1
2
. rI
I
1
2
2
3
i
1
2
i
i
1
3
1
1
7
9
9
3
2
1
8
9
3
4
7
7
11
16
35
26
9
7
3
2
12
2
27
12
14
7
2
8
7
30
25
2
2
2
1
1
1
2
7
9
13
23
2
16
29
15
17
7
7
15
1
47
19
7
3
5
6
8
2
11
1
15
17 ” 26" ” ’ 5~
29
15
29
21 23 31
4
4
6
10 12 13
6
4
3
20 24 20
45
42
57
57
64
51
1
16
1
10
2
19
g
32
26
69
47
86
24
79
17
1
1
3
3
16
12
' mm2
16
27
88
161
386
458
1
6
12
51
16
1
24
11
10
7
3
1
2
2
1
3
33
5
10
1
1
14
2
9
1
6
45
14
-- “ T
1
45
2
1
12
1
2"
39
2
9
4
23
47
36
55 ”"39”
8
5
15
10
11
7
2
2
3
15
84
4
1
23
25
6
13
2
1
11
1
1
2
17
15
3
23
13
13
19
3
2
1
2
2
20
15
14
4
1
490 |
[ 445
361
195
142
1
10
2
20
5
24
3
3
2
11
2
2
12
8
1
2
1
1
7
3
1
9
1
2
1
1
11
16
1
1
1
7
5
1
1
SHOPS
. .. 1 ...
7
1
3
2
10
1
8
1
11
6
7
3
MACHINE
1
1
1
1
2
7
4
5
2
AND
32 $0,723
98
.891
35
.738
90
.755
.677
27
.826
381
82
.667
.632
40
.783
53
38
.641
798
31
42
.590
51
.690
127
.661
220
.774
26
.660
708
82
.674
51
129
.731
.766
267
.756
300
.855
8
.690
455
.657
149
.765
43
.809
52
.790
63
64
i
3
1
1
55
185
10
HOTJES— FOXJNDKIES
Machinists, male:
Alabama..............
California_______
Colorado.............
Connecticut........
Georgia................
Illinois.................
Indiana...............
Iowa___________
Kansas.................
Kentucky______
Louisiana.............
Maine..................
Maryland............
Massachusetts - . Michigan.............
Minnesota........—
Missouri....... ......
New Hampshire.
New Jersey........New York........—
Ohio.....................
Oregon.................
Pennsylvania----Rhode Island___
Tennessee.......... Texas...................
Washington.........
Wisconsin............
AND
Occupation, sex, and State
Aver
age
90
»5 $1.00 $1.25 $1.50 $1.75
70 75
80 85
20 25 30 35 40
65 and
45
50
55
60
earn Un and
and and and and cents
and and and
Estab Em ings der un un un un and and and and and and un un un un un and and and and and
under under under under under der der der der der un un un un un
per
lish
20 der der der der under
der der
70
55
60
65
45
50
ments ployees hour cents 25 30 35 40
75 80
85 90 95 der der der
cents
cents cents cents cents cents cents cents cents cents cents $1.00 $1.25 $1.50 $1.75 $2.00
cents cents cents cents
WAGES
MACHINE SHOPS—Continued
1
1Data included in total.
1,006
.504
11
10
62
26
194
379
55
25
3
15
0)
27
27
402
164
22
35
33
1
0)
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
1
1
1
.639
.809
.652
.653
.775
.594
.604 ....... !........
i
.675
I
.472 '
.......
1
........
0)
j
.552
j
.841
.671 ....... I
.666
.665
.590
.era
1
1
6
2
2
2
5
3
13
1
20
1
4
1
3
7
3
4
2
5
2
4
2
7
10
11
1
2
2
2
2
8
26
15
7
1
1
3
9
10
20
20
2
2
2
2
4
3
18
14
2
3
7
16
15
11
1
24
10
7
2
9
7
2
5
5
4
1
2
5
4
6
1
6
4
9
1
7
7
9
2
3
4
2.
1
19
13
14
1
15
3
3
10
5
1
9
1
5
5
4
2
2
1
3
7
8
6
1
5
1
8
8
2
10
4
3
3
1
1
1
1
1
1
34
55
177
239
219
132
74
46
23
16
2
2
29
14
9
3
1
1
1
3
5
20
28
7
3
1
1
2
3
4
22
31
4
6
8
2
34
36
5
11
4
2
54
34
3
3
6
3
1
1
1
1
19
36
20
4
19
2
1
2
3
6
2
2
2
17
9
11
1
1
3
(9
3
2
2
4
10
5
1
1
12
3
1
5
16
12
2
5
1
33
16
1
4
2
46
18
1
2
2
1
1
i
2
2
3
2
5
3
7
12
21
7
3
2
7
3
6
1
33
13
2
19
3
16
2
1
2
2
62
18
3
6
8
1
2
1
1
1
1
2
2
1
3
5
4
5
26 ~~18"
49
47
6
3
2
1
7
72
16
5
2
9
2
2
53
14
4
2
3
1
5
2
7
42
5
TABLES
Total................ .....................
Milling-machine operators, male:
Alabama....... .........................—
California................. ................
Colorado....................................
Connecticut_________________
Illinois.......................................
Indiana....... .............................
Iowa_______________________
Kansas......................................
Kentucky..................................
Louisiana.................................
Maine....................... ................
Maryland............ ....................
Massachusetts......... ................
Michigan......... .........................
Minnesota..................................
Missouri___________ ________ _
New Hampshire................ .......
11
6
17
31
81
80
17
7
16
66
57
68
6
143
47
7
48
12
60
.441
.652
.500
.515
(0
.581
.494
.474
.421
.440
.471
.480
.476
.502
.479
.450
.469
.466
.542
.550
.515
.571
.481
.469
.407
.446
.605
.487
5
28
9
68
0)
72
48
15
GENERAL
Machinists* and toolmakers' help
ers, male*
Alabama____________________
California______ _____________
Colorado............................. .......
Connecticut....... .......................
Georgia____ __________ ______
Illinois.......................................
Indiana......................................
Iowa________________________
Kansas______________________
Kentucky___________________
Louisiana----------------- ----------Maine______________________
Maryland____________ ____ ...
Massachusetts..........................
Michigan____ _______________
Minnesota__________________
Missouri.—-._____ ___________
New Hampshire_____________
New Jersey________ _________
New York.................................
Ohio_______________________
Oregon............... ................. . . .
Pennsylvania...... ........... ..........
Rhode Island...........................
Tennessee..................................
Texas........................................
Washington...............................
Wisconsin___________________
2
1
9
42
1
11
1
6
24
8
1
3
13
4
4
34
1
3
1
1
!
3
28
16
2
3
1
5
18
5
4
5
1
2
3
4
1
4
1
1
00
Ox
B.— Average and classified earnings per hour in 8 specified occupations in foundries and 17 in machine shops, 1929, by sex and State—
86
T able
Continued
Number of employees whose earnings per hour were—
Number of—
8
.697
0)
1.117
0)
.848
.712
.952
.811
.662
0)
.682
.822
.639
0)
.769
.795 1
.737
. 848
.822
8
26
19
9
3
2
11
161
276
13
22
95
4
1
2
6
12
66
100
19
67
78
16
82
76
65
33
56
32
54
19
65
12
16
15 "‘ i§’
318
398
3
25
62
22
40
29
4
3
74
2
1
2
1
2
479
1
2
2
1
6
8
84
43
4
31
1
i
1
1
1
1
j
' 1
0)
1
0)
2
3
6
4
457
428
304
199
113
81
91
8
2
6
10
2
6
50
0)
18
1
14
5
0)
19
6
8
2
0)
10
1
30
6
13
1
6
1
1
2
1
2
34
2
2
1
1
20
2
1
1
3
4
4
6
5
4
2
1
3
4
2
2
1
2
1
5
4
7
1
1
0)
16
4
2
1
1
0)
10
7
2
1
3
5
3
1
1
1
9
9
1
1
1
1
10
5
10
1
8
1
9
11
2
11
10
13
(0
1
12
5
24
13
14
19
1 ..... .....
15
53
30
4
0)
20
4
3
1
28
4
8
1
1
11
4
0)
1
25
2
2
1
1
17
8
30
4
6
3
5
1
1
1
SHOPS
(0
68
0)
100
9
115
47
3
0)
14
9
14
0)
174
39
21
5
6
2
44
25
10
1
1
MACHINE
3,440
5 "’ "23’
37
17
10
112
358
2
1
6
11
i
AND
Total....................................
Pattern makers, male:
Alabama....... ..........................
California....... - ..................... .
Colorado................................ .
Connecticut.........—................
Georgia.................................. .
Illinois.....................................
In. liana.................................. .
Iowa.......................................
Kansas............. ..................... .
Kentucky...............................
Louisiana..........................—
Maine.................................... .
Maryland.............................. .
Massachusetts-------------------Michigan............................... .
Minnesota......... ................
Missouri...................... ......... .
New Hampshire....................
96 $0.
481
576
10
425
175
7
45
33
HOURS— FOUNDRIES
Milling-machine operators, maleContinued.
New Jersey........................... .
New York...............................
Ohio....................................... .
Oregon................................... .
Pennsylvania........- ................
Rhode Island........................ .
Tennessee................................
Texas..................................... .
Washington........................... .
Wisconsin.............................. .
AND
Occupation, sex, and State
Aver
age
85 90 95
70
75 80
20 25 30 35 40
$1.25 $1.50 $1.75
65 and
55
60
50
45
earn Un and
and and and and cents $1.00
and and and
Estab Em ings der un un un un and and and and and and un un un un un and and and and and
under under under under der der der der der un un un un un
under
under
lish ployees per
20 der der der der 45
der der der der
70
65
55
60
50
hour cents
ments
75 80 85 90 95 der $1.25
25 30 35 40
$1.50 $1.75 $2.00
cents cents cents cents cents
cents cents cents cents $1.00
cents cents cents cents cents cents
WAGES
MACHINE SHOPS—Continued
66
173
230
4
283
48
16
0)
15
177
.923
.879
.867
1.007
.836
.720
.855
0)
1.021
.792
Total......................................
288
1,652
.846
Planer operators, maie:
Alabama............................. ......
California......... ........................
Colorado...................................
Connecticut....... .......................
Georgia......................................
Illinois......... .............................
Indiana.................................. .
Iowa..........................................
Kansas..... ................................
Kentucky..................................
Louisiana............................. .
Maine.......................................
Maryland....... ..........................
Massachusetts..........................
Michigan..................................
Minnesota................................
Missouri....................................
New Hampshire.......................
New Jersey...............................
New Y o rk ...............................
Ohio........................ ..................
Oregon................. ....................
Pennsylvania...........................
Rhode Island............................
Tennessee..................................
Texas.........................................
Washington..............................
Wisconsin.................................
3
13
1
16
3
24
12
4
5
6
1
3
3
33
20
8
6
3
23
21
66
3
39
7
3
3
5
10
6
27
(x)
190
3
171
36
10
7
13
(1)
20
14
208
98
12
25
14
85
155
463
4
230
37
6
6
24
96
.714
.876
0)
.734
.670
.818
.737
.649
.597
.663
0)
.587
.666
.720
.684
.687
.776
.664
.796
.767
.761
.762
.780
.674
.706
.725
.778
.771
Total......................................
344
1,963
.754
Screw-machine operators, hand,
male:
California..................................
Connecticut............ .................
Illinois............ .........................
Indiana...................................
3
7
11
6
4
31
74
17
.588
.664
.715
.645
JData included in total.
j
1
1
5
1
2
7
1
3
1
3
2
8
1
|
- -j —
20
1
25
!
11
14
4
3
1
1
i
1
,
....... 1........
I
I
1
|
.......i........
1
1
1
4
2
1
1
2
2
2
1
8
4
8
2
11
5
1
7
3
19
4
2
1
13
11
1
1
1
3
14
32
1
4
3
4
2
3
1
6
10
2
6
15
7
15
28
10
23
24
4
22
38
15
3
2
0)
6
4
1
20
11
1
57
15
2
63
7
29
4
1
0)
2
1
16
17
1
3
1
1
7
25
10
1
8
32
27
31
0)
5
15
32
11
28
46
45
4
38
5
2
8
12
4
1
108 |284
42
15
37
42
30
20
12
90
85
145
235
237
197
172
3
1
1
4
1
2
4
3
30
1
19
4
13
5
(i)
12
6
29
9
6
9
18
5
16
2
6
3
4
36
3
1
20
1
15
3
1
4
5
1
27
9
1
7
3
U
40
1
14
13
1
1
1
3
4
12
83
107
192
2
2
5
1
4
3
4
2
3
3
33
1
30
7
6
1
1
22
26
4
3
2
12
20
61
23
9
1
1
13
23
9
2
1
3
2
3
36
8
2
1
17
27
59
34
5
4
2
1
18
«
3
2
32
17
5
4
3
1 ~"s~
1
1
16
12
25
28
88
61
2
28
30"
1
4
1
1
8
10
10
7
1
13
8
1
7
1
9
16
38
1
24
1
1
3
8
9
6
1
1
1
7
7
28
3
5
9
5
6
22
12
17
1
19
10
3
6
4
10
286
226
168
100
55
125
4
12
2
1
4
10
4
4
10
1
9
1
3
1
2
2
1
i
I|__
. '
2
1
1
i
" 1
3
1
5
1
1
276 1290
2
6
1
1
3
3
9
1
1
1
4
1
5
3
TABLES
17
26
48
2
32
8
8
1
3
10
GENERAL
New Jersey_________________
New Y ork......... ...... ................
Ohio...........................................
Oregon.......................................
Pennsylvania...........................
Rhode Island............................
Tennessee----------- ------ --------Texas.............. ...................... .
Washington..............................
Wisconsin................................
00
B.— Average and classified earnings per hour in 8 specified occupations in foundries and 17 in machine shops, 1929, by sex and State—
88
T able
Continued
MACHINE SHOPS-Continued
966
.676
Screw-machine operators, semi
automatic, male:
Alabama________ ____________
Connecticut_________________
Georgia______________________
Indiana............................. ..........
Kentucky...................................
Massachusetts................... ........
Michigan....................................
New Jersey__________________
New York__ —______________
Ohio............................................
Pennsylvania____ _______ ____
1
1
1
7
2
5
2
5
5
3
3
0)
0)
0)
30
6
24
5
15
13
37
27
0)
8
.531
.481
.640
.526
.770
.704
.684
.727
0)
i
1
0)
1
2
1
0)
2
0)
1
2
1
2
1
3
2
1
1
1
1
3
1
2
4
1
22
3
20
4
12
27
7
20
1
13
7
9
9
6
1
4
75
116
148
142
115
92
84
4
2
6
5
1
5
2
1
2
2
2
4
.....3
1
1
3
2
2
1
1
4
8
2
15
1
4
3
17
18
54
9
6
6
13
3
0)
18
7
1
25
5
1
13
4
1
27
34
11
32
®7
16
48
6
14
0)
4
17
38
5
3
14
4
1
5
9
5
8
4
2
1
2
5
2
4
11
1
2
1
1
3
2
3
1
1
2
47
15
14
24
2
4
3
2
1
1
15
2
2
2
6
32
5
3
9
33
9
2
1
2
j
_
0)
1
1
5
9
2
2
2
2
1
1
0)
0)
3
1
4
1
1
6
3
1
1
1
2
1
6
3
1
1
3
1
3
8
SHOPS
165
0)
7 $0,581
0)
2
.717
.682
108
.787
83
.687
3
.582
9
0)
0)
.696
29
.673
£9
264
.683
53
.669
115
.586
2
.520
58
.654
0)
MACHINE
Total______________________
0)
AND
1
3
1
2
18
11
2
3
1
4
16
38
10
7
2
9
HOURS— FOUNDRIES
Screw-machine operators, hand,
male—Continued.
Kansas_____________ _________
Kentucky________ ________
Maine........ .................................
Maryland___________________
Massachusetts_____ _____ ____
Michigan____________________
Minnesota___________________
Missouri.................................. .
New Hampshire.........................
New Jersey............................... .
New York___________________
Ohio............................................
Pennsylvania.............................
Rhode Island........................ .
Tennessee....................................
Wisconsin________ _____ _____
AND
Occupation, sex, and State
Number of employees whose earnings per hour were—
Aver
i
age
20 25 30 35
70 75 80 85 90 95
earn Un and
55
65
40
45
50
$1.25 $1.50 $1.75
60
$1.00
and and
and and and and and cents
Estab Em ings der un and
un un un and and and and and and un un un un un and and and and and
lish ployees per
under
under
under
under
under
under
un
un un un
der
20
der
der 45
der der der der un
•hour cents 25 30 der
ments
55
60
65
70 der
50
35 40
75 80 85 90 95 der der der der der
cents cents cents cents cents cents cents cents cents cents cents cents cents cents cents $1.00 $1.25 $1.50 $1.75 $2.00
WAGES
Number of—
3
4
1
5
4
3
1
1
1
Rhode Island.
Tennessee____
Texas________
<*>
fi
TotaL
Kentucky_____
Maine-----------Maryland_____
Massachusetts.
Michigan.........
1Data included in total.
.644
(,)13
80
49
15
23
8
<*>
57
79
(»)
5
2
34
46
202
49
33
4
(0
(0
30
144
1
0)
.634
<*)
.624
.810
.640
.580
.434
.633
0)
.739
.835
0
.510
.580
.785
.760
.829
.711
.754
.556
3
3
1 (1)
13 i 25
12
4
6
1
1
3
1
1
1
1
758
2
77
25
145
10
366
76
15
7
13
11
73
364
144
.751
.983
.761
.809
.717
.783
758
.684
.649
.737
.827
15
16
1
3
1
7
7
4
5
2
3
9
5
3
7
3
10
4
7
6
1i
1
i
i
3
i
1
3
1
2
1
1
1
3
4
5
1
1
1
2
5
16
3
4
1
5
23 1 37
49
1
2
4
8
3
6
4
13
18
0)
1
0
2
5
5
0
2
10
7
1
1
8
25
_
1
1
1
1
1
7
5
1
0)
2
15
3
3
3
0)
5
4
(0
1
4
26
7
2
5
9
22
2
5
6
1
3
0)
0
7
3
64
91
88
79
82
2
3
27
3
3
1
49
6
6
9
4
33
11
9
7
62
9
5
21
2
39
22
4
2
5
1
7
82
12
3
7
40
2
61
14
2
1
11
1
3
1
1
1
!
1
0
0
6
12
1
1
3
2
1
21
2
2
4
16
2
1
4
18
1
1
26
41
38
71
9
18
12
1 —. . .
12
24
1
7
3
24
24
2
2
4
6
2
0
7
5
26
10
9
1
2
1
8
2
11
1
0
1
i
I
1
:—
: : : : I—
:::::
9
5
22
9
4
1
0
0
3
18
1
4
6
3
2
3
2
23
1
1
5
4
3
1
0
.742
762
1
3
1
4
2
1
1
0
3
1
(V
0
0
0
9
13
0
3
4
0
i
!
)
i
!
1
i
__!__ _
0
1
5
18
3
4
6
1
0
3
62
1
10
6
3
29 ” 17'
2
53
53
3
19
1
2
3
20 ~~V7~
73 39
14
9
1
16
2
1
2
1
17
21
37
1
9
32
1
2
5
6
7
11
4
1
1
!
.1___
’ ' h
i
1
_
TABLES
Toolmakers, male:
Alabama______
California_____
Colorado....... .
Connecticut___
Georgia.............
Illinois..............
Indiana............
Iowa_________
171
®4
Texas._____
Washington..
Wisconsin__
Total .
<*>
.570
0)
GENERAL
Screw-machine operators, auto
matic, male:
Alabama____________________
California_____ ______________
Colorado___________________
Connecticut_________________
Illinois________________ ______
Indiana.....................................
Iowa..........................................
Kentucky............................. —
Maine...................................—
Maryland.......... ......................
Massachusetts____ __________
Michigan____ _____ ____ ____
Minnesota-_________________
Missouri............................. ......
New Hampshire____________
New Jersey..____ ___________
New York.................................
Ohio._______________________
Pennsylvania_______________
Rhode Island_______________
0)
_
1i
1
!
1
i
1 ___
1
1
i
I
i
'I I
____
I.___
I
00
CO
B*— Average and classified earnings per hour in 8 specified occupations in foundries and 17 in machine shops, 1929, by sex and State
90
T able
Continued
Number of employees whose earnings per hour were—
Number of—
S,850
.780
32
215
323
25
29
424
455
479
364
235
94
123
MACHINE
SHOPS
350
42
AND
Total__________________
22 $0,695
28
.689
.778
19
88
.797
.826
367
.784
463
.854
4
197
.753
.686
178
10
.800
.853
22
14
.830
.759
110
HOURS— FOUNDRIES
Toolmakers, male—Continued
Minnesota..........................
Missouri.............................
New Hampshire................
New Jersey........................
New York_______________
Ohio....................................
Oregon................................
Pennsylvania.....................
Rhode Island.....................
Tennessee......................... Texas..................................
Washington_____________
Wisconsin.......— ________
AND
Occupation, sex, and State
Aver
age
75 80 85 90 95 $1.00 $1.25 $1.50 $1.75
70
20 25 30 35
65
55
40
45
50
earn Un and
and and and and cents
and and and
and and and
and and and and and and
ings der un and
Estab Em
un un un un un and and
un un un under
under under under under der der der der der un un un un un
lish ployees per
der der der 45 under
20
der
der der der
der
55
60
65
70
50
hour cents 25 30 35 40
ments
75 80 85 90 95 der
cents cents cents cents cents cents cents cents cents $1.00 $1.25 $1.5011.75 $2.00
cents cents cents cents cents cents
WAGES
MACHINE SHOPS—Continued
T able
C*— Average and classified full-time hours per week in 8 specified occupations in foundries and 17 in machine shops, 1929, by sex
and State
FOUNDRIES
Number of employees whose full-time hours per week were—
Occupation, sex, and State
Num Num Aver
age full
ber of
of
time
estab ber
em
hours
lish
per
ments ployees week
367
53.9
45.8
49.8
49.4
52.9
51.8
53.1
53.2
58.7
48.7
56.2
53.5
52.0
49.4
52.1
51.9
52.6
51.2
50.3
49.5
53.6
45.5
52.3
51.0
49.4
52.2
48.2
52.3
4,233
51.4
45
Over
45
and
under
48
48
Over
48
and
under
50
50
Over
50
and
under
54
54
Over
54
and
under
55
55
Over
55
and
under
60
60
Over
60
18
4
11
11
150
14
25
7
205
81
7
5
111
121
72
19
37
10
35
50
74
19
40
18
56
102
17
45
8
74
23
47
18
17
18
57
59
121
866
84
289
35
40
25
15
79
93
12
2
6
106
96
46
837
110
924
TABLES
Total______________________
23
123
44
111
50
449
170
103
37
15
39
44
43
346
401
46
71
19
293
334
365
26
593
149
60
30
32
217
Over
44
and
under
45
GENERAL
Chippers and rough grinders, male:
Alabama.....................................
California.................................
Colorado____________________
Connecticut_________________
Georgia.......... ............................
Illinois.................. .....................
Indiana......................................
Iowa........... ...............................
Kansas................- .....................
Kentucky...... ............................
Louisiana__________ _________
Maine................. ......................
Maryland...................................
Massachusetts...........................
Michigan....................................
Minnesota..................................
Missouri.....................................
New Hamsphire........................
New Jersey...............................
New York..................................
Ohio............................................
Oregon........................................
Pennsylvania__— ...................
Rhode Island.............................
Ten lessee...................................
Texas_______ . . . . . ___________
Washington...............................
Wisconsin_____ . . . . __________
40
Over
40
and
under
44
26
40
16
100
221
66
329
34
CO
T able
C.— Average and classified full-time hours per week in 8 specified
occupations in foundries and 17 in machine shops, 1929, by sex and
State—Continued
JO
FOUNDRIES—Continued
WAGES
Number of employees whose full-time hours per week were—
Occupation, sex, and State
11
T o ta l............ ............................... ..................
387
3,370
49.9
Core makers, female:
Georgia
_____
Illinois..__________________ ____________—
1
4
0)
24
_
-
8
_
7
3
4
6
___
__ ....
. ....
__ _ . . .
......................
______ . . . . . __ . . . .
. . . _ ______
- -
28
35
6
15
5
15
27
44
5
38
9
7
6
114
33
331
177
88
19
12
9
13
43
169
344
41
66
8
128
282
393
15
522
87
34
23
24
4
16
6
7
8
19
4
12
49
4"
3
2
3
4
8
13 1
7 i..__
j-------
7
1
2
7 i 132
21
4
5
4
5
44
1
8
22
15
159
9
16
7
23
97
101 1,013
3
2
9
58
11
8
Over
50
and
under
54
2
69
47
6
41
3
ii
2
9
50
3
5
9
5
13
50
23
29
13
222
Over
48
and
under
50
2
66
27
3
43
103
179
46
48
21
128
35
68
3
!
1
48.2 ------- 1— I—i--------
(0
14
97
48
5
10
1
28
44
3
1
2
16
32
58
13
17
53
71
29
17
1
1
60
92
1
32
3
25
21
40
56
72
46
14
14
6
42
1
21
3
117
612
236
598
5
8
2
2
2
1
1
9
11
27
2
68
14
11
37
39
37
122
2
Over
60
3
1
8
34
1
Over
55
and
under
60
2
21
5
9
2
0)
55
9
130
28
18
5
36
Over
54
and
under
55
6
5
18
17
54
31
4
7
51
53
SHOPS
222
-
22
45
Over
45
and
under
48
MACHINE
7
13
... . ....
140
44
Over
44
and
under
45
AND
3
18
3
16
7
27
16
9
53.9
45.0
48.5
48.6
52.2
49.4
50.9
52.1
54.6
49.4
55.6
50.2
50.6
48.6
50.9
51.8
51.1
50.8
51.5
50.1
50.1
46.1
50.2
50.4
49.1
48.4
48.1
49.0
- •—
Over
40
and
under
44
HOURS— FOUNDRIES
Core makers, male:
Alabama
California
Colorado
Connecticut
Georgia
Illinois
Indiana
Iowa
Kansas
Kentucky
Louisiana
Maine
Maryland
Massachusetts
Michigan
___
Minnesota
Missouri
New Hampshire
New Jersey
New York
Ohio
Oregon
Pennsylvania
_____
Rhode Island
Tennessee
Texas
^ashington
"Wisconsin
40
AND
Aver
Num Num age
full
ber of
of time
estab ber
em
hours
lish ployees per
ments
week
Indiana— -----------------Kentucky.......................
Massachusetts________
Michigan............... ........
New Jersey___________
New York____________
Ohio................................
Pennsylvania__- ...........
Rhode Island_________
Wisconsin____________
16
280
49.1
14
18
64
295
55
481
157
1,067
865
247
63
57
106
(')
91
493
1,147
114
169
17
723
53.4
46.4
51.0
51.7
54.5
50.6
53.9
53.9
54.2
50.1
56.6
3
23
514
10,980
52.1
83
0
0)
44.9
48.1
50.6
50.0
100
71
2
142
11
4
2
67
1,356
38
1,350
230
202
1
12
ft.
48.7
52.7
53.1
53.7
50.5
50.8
51.5
53.4
46.1
52.7
52.2
49.1
52.8
48.5
53.1
1,000
384
7
19
12
0)
14
35
27
58
37
26
4
42
4
45
13
5
36
17
196
158
12
4
21
4
11
175
10
276
. 18
2
24
11
46
19
11
5
47
10
16
21
£6
68
20 j 547
43
5
4
252
20
15
45
9
54
155
129 1,779
13
2
21
6
207
187
269
14
251
10
1
17
5
3
2
7
6
8
16
7
43
9
82
10
31
202
6
279
237
4
2
4
6
6
34
25
35
12
146
7
88
101
168
480
92
53
25
31
14
26
19
125
24
94
304
39
4
6
274
458
194
1
273
72
55
24
6
24
8
56
276 '2,645
18
43
4
2
7
4
4
12
13
53
(0
45
38
303
23
108
5
219
141
180
9
22
13
27
39
37
23
1
19
0)
43
102
59
17
69
103
43
5
7
34
2
4
6
11
4
98
15
1
1
5
42
7
3
4
24
12
74
65
35
12
340
50
50
30
74
11
n
190
47
85
74
247
6
44
28
5
52
3
12
1
114
12
10
78
576 2,256
88
728
299
889
345
11
15
TABLES
1Data included in total.
2
17
0)
GENERAL
Molders, hand, bench, male:
Alabama........................
California.................. .....
Colorado................... .....
Connecticut__________
Georgia.......... ................ .
14
70
35
51
10
Total_______________
Total................... .......
36
0)
Laborers, male:
Alabama____ _________
California..................... .
Colorado........................
Connecticut____ ______
Georgia...........................
Illinois........ ......... .........
Indiana...........................
Iowa............................. .
Kansas...........................
Kentucky......................
Louisiana............. ..........
Maine.............................
Maryland.......................
Massachusetts...............
Michigan_____________
Minnesota......................
Missouri.........................
New Hampshire....... .
New Jersey....................
New York.......... ..........
Ohio................................
Oregon............................
Pennsylvania.................
Rhode Island.................
Tennessee.......................
Texas..... ........................
Washington. ___.............
Wisconsin....... ..............
22
3
50.0
50.0
(0
50.7
49.7
48.8
(0
48.4
53.0
45.6
22
3
0)
31
0)
1
1
21
8
ie
37
CD
00
Average and classified full-time hours per week in
VVV U8 specified
V Jvvw vvvw
occupations in foundries and 17 in machine shops, 1929, by sex and
— Continued
State—Continued
WAGES
FOUNDRIES—Continued
Number of employees whose full-time hours per week were—
88
11
15
7
84
321
49.6
207
33
286
54
438
347
53.5
44.9
48.4
48.2
50.7
49.5
51.7
Over
45
and
under
48
48
8
2
.
1
4
5
1
14
5
6
1
57
50
26
11
7
1
44
3
16
5
39
20
11
31
25
85
4
221
141
7
63
10
Over
50
and
under
54
38
41
1
4
3
12
116
33
1
14
5
6
11
99
8
12
49
29
2
1
9
13
30
48
8
74
19
14
9
32
76
61
7
24
13
87
502
9
50
41
14
11
3
1
7
4
21
9
39
10
28
Over
48
and
under
50
2
26
9
18
7
114
52
1
17
31
3
1
7
54
23
62
11
7
7
36
11
3
455
163
271
17
20
5
36
8
6
104
15
76
81
......
32
18
46
4
106
186
55
Over
55
and
under
60
14
1
14
1
20
24
4
9
3
6
24
21
64
18
Over
54
and
under
55
60
2
4
9
4
7
8
28
2
1
40
1
103
11
17
1
3
41
42
3
5
10
5
Over
60
SHOPS
88
199
142
13
250
17
9
11
45
MACHINE
Molders, hand, floor, male:
Alabama..............................................
California......................................... .
Colorado..............................................
Connecticut________________ - ..........
Georgia.................................................
Illinois_______ ____________________
Indiana------------------ ----------------------
20
19
209
268
26
31
24
49.1
51.3
52.0
55.3
48.9
58.8
52.5
48.6
47.8
49.4
50.3
51.7
49.8
49.6
49.6
48.9
46.2
50.9
50.4
49.5
46.7
48.0
50.4
Over
44
and
under
45
44
AND
Total.................................................
126
42
9
7
5
Over
40
and
under
44
HOURS— FOUNDRIES
Molders, hand, bench, male—Continued
Illinois..................................................
Indiana.................................................
Iowa____ ______ ______ ______ _—
Kansas....... ........................................
Kentucky.... ......... ........ .....................
Louisiana................ ............................
Maine................—......... —..................
Maryland.............. - ............................
Massachusetts.....................................
Michigan.............................................
Minnesota........................................ ...
Missouri.................. —.........................
New Hampshire..................................
New Jersey..........................................
New York________________________
Ohio.....................................................
Oregon.................................................
Pennsylvania.......................................
Rhode Island....... ......... _....................
Tennessee......... .................................Texas............... ........... ....................—
Washington.........................................
Wisconsin___________ ________ ____
40
AND
Occupation, sex, and State
Aver
Num Num age
full
ber of ber of time
estab
em
hours
lish ployees
per
ments
week
94
T a b l e C .—
51.1
54.4
51.5
56.5
48.2
49.0
48.4
51.5
52.0
51.8
51.1
50.2
48.9
50.4
46.3
50.7
50.4
49.0
47.4
48.4
48.7
Total........................
385
5,453
50.0
Molders, machine, male:
Alabama.....................
California____ ______
Colorado_____ ______
Connecticut________
Georgia_______ _____
I llin o is .....________
Indiana____ ________
Iowa_______________
Kansas_____________
Kentucky_____ ___ _
Louisiana. . . . . . . . ___
Maine_____. . . . __ . . .
Maryland__________
Massachusetts______
Michigan___________
Minnesota__________
Missouri............. ........
New Hampshire_____
New Jersey.___ _____
New York__________
Ohio............................
Oregon.
Pennsylvania...
Rhode Island...
Tennessee____ _
Texas_________
1
8
2
8
3
17
11
6
5
2
2
1
4
23
25
4
9
2
14
20
26
1
29
8
2
4
2
0)
20
46.7
22
49.4
118
55.8
18
52.7
387
50.1
244
50.9
89 • 52.1
17
54.7
16
50.0
3
58.0
0)
0)
51.2
39
48.4
284
566
51.5
51.2
34
44
50.6
52.8
10
50.4
180
434
49.5
427
49.4
0)
0)
413
49.8
176
52.2
7
49.1
12
46.3
2
56
2
9
10
21
5
11
8
14
9
11
4
37
45
12
50
18
10
9
81
4
33
10
13
73
78
0)
7
247
34
320
5
50
205
84
57
10
113
195
300
18
121
36
30
55
168
171 1,737
10
5
1
2
93
31
4
19
1
18
4
11
17
8
21
14
27
6
29
24
59
8 ......
2
137
71
38
112
34
44
6
19
8
26
14
195
851
7
15
15
4
176
134
12
22
2
1
54
69
10
11
36
32
8
315 1,053
1
5
9
5
14
68
135
180
0)
93
3
5
42
22
6
15
7
9
41
2
32
2
96
106
4
32
25
25
1
3
31
32
90
32
207
37
2
0)
8
23
26
26
180
7
2
3
59
158
79
20
35
83
46
15
7
59
3
7
1
158
21
33
23
11
4
30
98
33
57
15
68
55
170
12
62
53
11
4
61
7
58
9
16
5
23
46
4
11
74
51
_____
43
11
36
70
48
15
19
1 ......... ------0)
12
41
194
43
12
24
7
2
51
25
48
82
2
16
23
27
TABLES
7
28
34
6
13
6
16
27
40
5
37
8
7
6
7
12
129
54
51
52
46
81
312
435
62
146
37
246
370
657
32
708
131
74
55
63
308
* Data included in total
9
9
7
4
2
2 -------
36
1 -------
------17 ------14
39
__ __ —* v mmujl_
GENERAL
Iowa................ .
Kansas...........
Kentucky_______
Louisiana.............
Maine...................
Maryland............
Massachusetts___
Michigan..........
Minnesota...........
Missouri..............
New Hampshire..
New Jersey_____
New York______
Ohio.....................
Oregon.................
Pennsylvania......
Rhode Island......
Tennessee............
Texas........... .......
Washington_____
Wisconsin______
______
C.— Average and classified full-time hours per week in 8 specified occupations in foundries and 17 in machine shops, 1929, by sex and
State—Continued
WAGES
FOUNDRIES—Continued
Number of employees whose full-time hours per week were—
ITQT1QQG
ITontnplrv
_____
^Pannaccaa
Washington------------- ---------------------------------
53.5
45.6
4a 9
50.0
53.5
51.4
51. 7
52.7
54.0
50.4
(0
46.4
49.8
49.4
52.4
52.0
52.5
51.3
50.4
50.0
54.7
46.3
52.2
49.8
49.3
4& 5
4a o
19
70
29
2
1
1
255
44
8
2
Over
45
and
under
48
48
58
11
1
98
818
11
1
20
11
4
2
27
24
6
Over
48
and
under
50
23
3
6
42
17
1
17
10
4
9
27
4
3
8
63
77
33
14
29
7
8
30
Over
50
and
under
54
54
Over
54
and
under
55
55
1
40
233 1 715
23 1 181
23
Over
55
and
under
60
121 i
60
Over
60
47
11
39
14
8
17
n
8
21
3
21
5
12
54
2
3
3
3
4
13
1
1
5
9
9
20
7
4
109
135 1,138
3
19
50
3
4
2
4
2
10
25
40
7
2
6
58
13
1
53
24
12
19
3
13
38
5
(0
5
2
11
47
15
66
3
42
39
59
29
8
36
1
3
41
3
38
11
20
37
26
8
1
1
SHOPS
TTftniT^hirp
Mow TArcav
KfAnr V Arlr
Ohio
HrAOrATI
Pennsylvania
__ _
45
MACHINE
- . .........
50.4
23
76
103
30
3
9
<9
26
18
79
196
32
88
9
169
143
195
24
294
37
19
17
30
Over
44
and
under
45
AND
TnHiaTift
3
13
3
11
4
12
14
4
2
5
1
3
3
15
26
5
9
3
14
20
20
4
32
5
4
4
6
44
48.0
50.2
SESS
Molders’ helpers, floor, male:
AlahoTno
Pal ifnrnffi
HaInroHA
11
255
2
00
CO
249
Total
Ma ne
1Worvlfturl
Massachusetts
Michigan
A/finnocnto
3
11
Over
40
and
under
44
HOURS— FOUNDRIES
Molders, machine, male—Continued.
\X/Tqchin orfATi
Wisconsin________ _______________________
40
AND
Occupation, sex, and State
Aver
Num Num age full
ber of ber of time
estab
em
hours
lish
per
ments ployees week
96
T able
Wisconsin_______
Total_________
251
51.1
10
3
6
6
16
35
52.7
44.8
44.4
55.4
50.7
50.2
52.0
52.5
55.1
0)
0)
0)
48.8
48.4
50.6
49.8
49.2
53.0
50.4
49.9
50.3
45.1
51.0
0)
49.7
47.9
48.0
52.6
1,127
50.1
3
32
20
12
12
149
54
17
8
0)
0)
0)
24
124
151
6
33
4
102
103
70
7
110
(0
191
2
1
73
5
73
26
18
9
6
11
62
46
493
2
3
2
6
20
74
5
5
1
335
123
430
3
1
2
5
2
15
1
5
2
31
36
2
4
1
7
47
11
2
21
4
0)
11
1
12
18
90
7
16
2
2
3
5
3
80 |
1
36 |
19
32
19
2
12
13
3
4
31
50
3
26
1
63
55
2
60
2
1
3
16
1
10
250 j
66
7
41
57
1
75
3
1
6
22
2
0)
0)
2
33
1
14
3
20
7
20
24
7
27
8
0)
5
!
69
TABLES
Total_________
48.4
GENERAL
Pattern makers, male:
Alabama......... —
California_______
Colorado..............
Connecticut.........
Georgia................
Illinois__________
Indiana_________
Iowa___________
Kansas.................
Kentucky______
Louisiana_______
Maine..................
Maryland............
Massachusetts__
Michigan.............
Minnesota______
Missouri________
New HampshireNew Jersey_____
New York______
Ohio.................... .
Oregon...... ...........
Pennsylvania___
Rhode Island___
Tennessee___ _
Texas___________
Washington_____
Wisconsin______
84
1,919
6
18
9
2
350
54
183
67
11
11
83
124
4
20
69
5
82
11
6
M ACH INE SHOPS
Assemblers, male:
Alabama____ _________
California........................
Colorado______________
Connecticut....................
Georgia............................
Illinois____ ___________
Indiana________ ____ _
Iowa.................................
Kansas________________
1Df ta included in total
1
11
1
12
3
22
14
6
4
(*)
124
(l)
138
13
888
391
101
59
(l)
45.6
(0
50.7
52.0
50.4
51.1
53.6
56.6
|
V)
83
8
i
......... 1..........
68
1
1
20
0)
3
6
15
71
79
92
2
432
251
6
7
......... L ~ ~
10
23
30
11
58
4
26
CO
-<r
Average and classified full-time hours per week in 8 specified occupations in foundries and 17 in machine shops, 1929, by sex and
State—Continued
98
T a b l e C .—
MACHINE SHOPS—Continued
WAGES
Number of employees whose full-time hours per week were—
335
7,670
50.1
68
113
57
221
735
977
27
921
315
16
68
(l)
142
10
249
44
19
6
8
9
14
50.
45.
(l)
51.
51.
51.
51.
53.
56.
49.
49.
44.
45
Over
45
and
under
48
48
Over
48
and
under
50
7
6
35
579
57
26
7
8
7
6
12
14
8
45
12
1
17
40
27
8
45
41
18
15
18
16
8
225
52
30
32
73
607
242
19
81
150 1,991
3
15
7
50
54
Over
54
and
under
55
16
20
45
5
5
7
217
153
6
23
10
55
25
182
1
12
8
27
272
284
i46
29
10 -------
86
68
27
1
1
59
1
28
103
543 |3,018
829
240
3
4
4
2
5
2
44
2
Over
55
and
under
60
60
Over
60
1
0)
150
1
(*)
55
34
33
590
308
16
4
25
143
51
266
81
3
62
31
2
29
Over
50
and
under
54
14
7
17
10
20
53
6
2
30
9
1
1
1
1
110
1
2
10
210
58 i
13
5
11
3 -------55
2
7
4
371
1
17
6
7
11
15
4
1
6
1
1
2
2
2
SHOPS
Boring-mill operators, male:
Alabama------ -----------------California__ —---------------Colorado..................... ........
Connecticut........................
Georgia................................
Illinois.................................
Indiana___- ........... .............
Iowa........— ....................—
Kansas...... .........................
K entucky..........................
Louisiana----- ----------------Maine____ ______________
62
345
52.3
(*)
49.1
49.3
49.4
51.4
50.4
51.6
48.9
49.3
48.2
49.8
46.8
51.2
50.2
49.2
49.6
47.7
50.4
Over
44
and
under
45
MACHINE
Total__________________
10
47
C1)
40
70
1,284
564
44
AND
3
14
20
56
4
37
5
‘ 4
5
4
13
7
1
4
5
36
23
5
Over
40
and
under
44
HOURS— FOUNDRIES
Assemblers, male—Continued.
Kentucky..........................
Louisiana........ ...................
Maine..................................
Maryland............................
Massachusetts.....................
Michigan...........................
Minnesota.........................
Missouri..............................
New Hampshire.................
New Jersey....... ..................
New York...........................
Ohio.....................................
Oregon................................
Pennsylvania......................
Rhode Island....................
Tennessee......... ........... ......
Texas...................................
Washington...... ................_
Wisconsin_______________
40
AND
Occupation, sex, and State
Num Num Aver
age full
ber of
of time
estab ber
em
hours
lish
per
ments ployees week
18
150
90
27
38
4
94
167
473
12
400
48
15
5
27
163
50.1
49.1
53.1
50.9
50.4
48.0
50.2
49.6
51.2
46.0
53.0
52.5
50.1
50.2
47.1
52.4
1
5
6
Total________________
372
2,333
51.1
95
Drill-press operators, male:
Alabama........... ..............
California_____________
Colorado______________
Connecticut— ................
Georgia......................... .
Illinois________________
Indiana_______________
Iowa.................................
Kansas________________
Kentucky_____________
Louisiana______________
Maine....... ........ ..............
Maryland_____________
Massachusetts.................
Michigan______________
Minnesota_____________
Missouri______________
New Hampshire..............
New Jersey__________
New York________ ____
Ohio.................................
Oregon________________
Pennsylvania..................
Rhode Island__________
Tennessee_______ ______
Texas................................
Washington___________
Wisconsin_____________
4
20
2
19
6
32
15
6
6
8
2
3
5
37
27
8
15
4
23
29
76
6
46
9
5
5
7
15
16
97
38
189
20
924
211
86
22
43
9
29
41
466
238
47
77
30
261
417
760
27
709
114
22
74
47
278
47.9
46.1
48.1
51.0
54.0
49.5
51.0
54.3
55.4
50.6
59.3
49.4
50.2
49.2
51.5
50.4
51.7
48.6
49.6
4S.9
50.4
47.0
52.3
51.2
49.3
46.9
47.2
52.1
Total________________
440
5,291
50.3
1Data included in total.
9
65
8
7
2
1
4
1
4
26
80
103
6
54
5
12
23
9
1
10
28
2
2
33
126
462
•162
3
11
20
16
2
49
9
18
3
2
12
1
=
7
2
21
4
11
63
14
11
59
6
237
1
1
4
1
4
7
9
7
4
22
6
13
13
8
356
6
55
14
15
24
27
200 1,067
1
2
8
1
3
6
19
11
35
5
5
2
1
24
18
13
144
19
39
21
16
41
39
16
2
34
5
61 I
84
91
1
27
17
36
3
7
21
132
65
3
1
27
49
633
281
4
16
126
172
26
10
216
119
5
5
9
176
63
187
206
69
2
8
2
20
1
7
14
35
15
39
8
2
~6~
90
16
21
23
59
2
1
25
2
15
2
15
21
72
259
154
20
110
6
59
36
57
120
3
385
136
7
25
180
15
3
7
2
8
46
3
28
6
72
24
1
1
4
7
12
100
67
8
22
9
67
4
49
14
32
15
20
12
4
1
8
6
3
6
6
15
7
1
19
7
42
13
77
4
8
16
10
71
3
3
81
27
13
69
66
3
62
104
338 1,836
518
26
43
4
3
10
1
--------f
!
4
1
1
6
23
7
37
11
41
1
22
249
334
1
3
12
TABLES
5
32
19
7
10
2
22
27
71
3
39
7
4
4
5
14
GENERAL
Maryland_____________
Massachusetts_________
Michigan____________ —
Minnesota-......................
Missouri______ ________
New Hampshire.............
New Jersey____________
New York__________
Ohio____________ ______
Oregon.............. ..............
Pennsylvania__________
Rhode Island-.................
Tennessee.............. .........
Texas____ _______ _____
Washington.................. .
Wisconsin_______ ____
1
24
91 ' 137
91
CO
CD
C.— Average and classified full-time hours per week in 8 specified occupations in foundries and 17 in machine shops^ 1929, by sex and
State—Continued
WAGES
M A CH IN E SHOPS—Continued
Number of employees whose full-time hours per week were—
7,715
49.8
45
8
159
Over
45
and
under
48
193
5
(0
3
18
i
:
2
!
!
4
382
30
15
76
3
26
37
40
Over
50
and
under
54
54
Over
54
and
under
55
55
Over
55
and
under
60
Over
60
60
2
9
4
407
3
264
98
1
26
13
0)
185
50
36
70
16
—-
2
50
9
1
192
60
26
110
14
6
38
3
6
15
9
7
6
20
56
7
7
2
1
1
6
14
I
1
I
i
Over
48
and
under
50
3
3
11
2
48
11 | 130
155
175
48
10
25
30
28
12
4
22
14
214 * 5~
41
499
277
678
15
8
235
10
15
37
48
451 2,214
4
106
90
5
23
4
4
55
4
50
21
322
113
279
1
10
129
3
45
35
127
142
15
93 !
795 | 298
258
180
1
5
34
448 j2,223
1
7
137
28
6
10
65
124
10
537
5
2
4
119
166
30 |
18
SHOPS
367
Over
44
and
under
45
MACHINE
11
34
50.3
45.0
48.1
51.1
50.1
49.4
51.1
53.2
54.4
50.2
0)
48.9
(0
49.0
51.4
49.6
52.0
49.2
49.2
48.8
49.3
47.2
51.0
50.5
48.2
48.2
47.6
52.0
44
AND
Total_________________
13
204
41
659
4
788
163
19
16
57
0)
17
0)
356
283
17
80
35
545
936
1,786
19
899
340
Over
40
and
under
44
HOTJRS— FOUNDRIES
Fitters and bench hands, male:
Alabama.............................
California...... .....................
Colorado.............................
Connecticut—.....................
Georgia............................ —
Illinois.................................
Indiana............. ..................
Iowa........ ............................
Kansas................................
Kentucky............................
Louisiana............................
Maine.............. ...................
Maryland.............. .............
Massachusetts....................
Michigan............................
Minnesota..........................
Missouri..............................
New Hampshire.................
New Jersey.........................
New York_______________
Ohio.....................................
Oregon................................
Pennsylvania_____ ____ —
Rhode Island....... ..............
Tennessee......... ..................
Texas............. ....................
Washington_____ ____ ___
Wisconsin_______________
40
AND
Occupation, sex, and State
Aver
Num Num agefull
ber of ber of time
estab
hours
em
lish
per
ments ployees week
100
T able
CO
69
21
184
453
47
51
Total_____________________
313
2,888
51.0
Laborers, male:
Alabama_______ ____________
California__________________
Colorado___________________
Connecticut.............. ...............
Georgia__________ ______ ___
Illinois............... .......................
Indiana_________ ______ ____
Iowa............... ..........................
Kansas........... ..........................
Kentucky...... ..........................
Louisiana.......... ..................... .
Maine____________ _______
Maryland........... ....................
Massachusetts......... ................
Michigan.... ........ .....................
Minnesota................................
Missouri....... ...........................
New Hampshire......... .............
5
17
2
19
7
28
16
6
8
7
3
4
5
35
31
8
12
5
58
180
68
360
68
1,313
330
167
75
50
55
39
40
619
480
88
103
29
50.7
46.1
48.0
51.0
52.1
49.8
50.9
54.0
54.4
50.5
58.0
48.3
51.0
49.6
51.9
50.8
52.0
48.5
1Data included in total.
CO
20
CO
23
31
235
403
19
26
21
76
222
429
CO
225
179
8
WH
111
CO
48.0
48.0 1.........
51.1
50.9
50.8
54.9
(0
52.9
(0
47.9
51.5
50.2
53.6
50.2
52.6
48.3
49.2
48.4
50.3
(0
50.9
51.8
51.5
(0
47.1
52.0
19
15
20
11
6
2
70
29
1
2
14
124
175
35
4
18
1
17
62
11
4
3
18
45
160
95
1
1
1
22
25
9
4
CO
3
118
2
4
257
3
13
11
4
63
120
17
1
6
116
a
4
W7
11
5
14
11
86
555
310
5
60
42
26
13
26
95
83
1
5
22
15
173
61
28
22
)
17
1
30
3
4
41
9
1
16
CO
83
83
86
3
25
21
105
3
18
8
35
1
2
8
78
127
27
17
1
25
32
263
199
16
7
1
22
249
12
494
223
20
9
31
181
96
13
21
121
6
92
58
21
45
17
12
44
§
1
5
2
21
1
1
52
5
2
17
1
14
8
13
20
3
31
5
89
77
4
904
14
25
68
8
1
6
CO
28
5
24
11
399
174
5
6
7
1
27
13
15
2
17
94
CO
2
96
10
3
8
1
1
l
(0
I
1
2
71
4* ” ~53
20
23
1
206
45
5
2
1
50
4
58
48
14
9
2
13
12
68
12
5
2
7
19
5
6
6
6
32
20
13
1
2
3
1
8
2
1
TABLES
1
12
2
18
23
14
2
1
5
1
3
3
30
25
4
9
2
14
21
63
1
32
7
3
1
3
13
GENERAL
Grinding-machine operators, male:
Alabama___________________
California____________ ______
Colorado_________ __________
Connecticut________________
Illinois_____________________
Indiana............... .....................
Iowa_________________ ____ _
Kansas_____________________
Kentucky__________________
Louisiana___________________
Maine_____ ________ ____ ___
Maryland..............................
Massachusetts.........................
Michigan____________ ______
Minnesota__________________
Missouri______ ____________
New Hampshire......... .............
New Jersey_________________
New York__________________
Ohio_______________________
Oregon_____ _______________
Pennsylvania_________ _____
Rhode Island....... ...................
Tennessee................................
Texas____ __________ ____ _
Washington..............................
Wisconsin.............. ............ .....
C.— Average and classified full-time hours per week in 8 specified occupations in foundries and 17 in machine shops, 1929, by sex and
State—Continued
WAGES
MACHINE SHOPS-Continued
Number of employees whose full-time hours per week were—
Total................................................................
452
8,506
50.5
Lathe operators, engine, male:
Alabama
_________ __ __ __ ____ ______
California__ _ ______ ________________ __ _
Colorado
_____ __ ______________________
Connecticut___ _______ _______ _____ _____
Georgia .
__ _ _______________________ _
Illinois _______ - ___________________ _____
Indiana
____ __ _______________________ _
Iowa _____ - __________________ - __
TTanRflg
___ _____________________ ____
Kentucky
_
_ ___
Louisiana
_
_____ _
Maine
__ __ _
____
Maryland
_
_
__________
Massachusetts ______
___ __ ___ _____
Michigan
_. ____
_ ___ ___ _ _
Minnesota
__ _____ _ __________ ___
Missouri
New H am pshire__
_ _ _ _
New Jersey ____ ____________________ _____
New York________ _____ _________ _____ ___
3
20
2
18
5
30
13
6
5
7
3
3
5
31
27
8
14
5
24
29
29
248
28
336
38
613
90
64
34
27
16
22
39
468
316
52
128
44
212
487
51.4
45.5
48.1
51.2
51.7
50.7
51.4
53.2
•51.1
48.7
54.3
47.3
51.7
49.9
51.2
50.7
49.9
49.3
49.7
48.6
i
i
I
6
12
3
Over
45
and
under
48
48
2
10
139
64
1
6
21
143
422
397
4
166
45
3
3
33
3
22
403
4
36
11
168
287 1,783
4
13
3
93
11
2
5
10
46
6
28
24
12
7
48
5
36
107
50
Over
50
and
under
54
3
10
237
247
91
247
6
20
109
4
19
15
27
--
491
143
11
22
227
61
41
57
112
509 2,970
923
550
3
13
2
39
10
34
19
18
22
36
18
10
200
13
234
59
8
17
7
11
103
39
1
Over
48
and
under
50
4
16
82
195
33
35
10
-8
12
18
219
137
8
4
28
107
90
20
24
94
23
27
19
54
Over
54
and
under
55
10
3
8
55
Over
55
and
under
60
Over
60
1
15
92
13
1
2
17
4
129
171
40
13
2
2
23
1
65
19
60
605
243 I 119
5
52
2
8
38
14
86
1
28
21
14
18
13
I
6
5
8
2
72
62
7
9
1
8
1
2
1
28
4
5
1
6
7
9
1
13
5
2
SHOPS
49.5
48.7
49.8
46.3
52.0
50.5
50.6
48.6
48.3
52.1
Over
44
and
under
45
43
7
10
6
MACHINE
406
737
1,205
7
1,337
212
89
74
32
285
44
AND
26
30
82
4
48
10
7
7
5
15
Over
40
and
under
44
HOURS— FOUNDRIES
Laborers, male—Continued.
New Jersey________________________________
New York____ __________________________
Ohio______________________________________
Oregon____________________________________
Pennsylvania______________________________
Rhode Island_____________________________
Tennessee_________________________________
Texas __ ______ _________________________
Washington_____ __________________________
Wisconsin. ______ ____________________ _____
40
AND
Occupation, sex, and State
Aver
Num Num age
full
ber of
of time
estab ber
em
hours
lish ployees per
ments
week
102
T able
I
Ohio.................................
Oregon______ __________
Pennsylvania..................
Rhode Island...................
Tennessee........................
Texas_______ __________
Washington.....................
Wisconsin__________ __
74
6
42
9
6
6
6
14
953
52
687
208
35
125
69
220
50,5
47.1
52.1
51.6
50.8
46.9
47.5
51.3
Total________________
421
5,640
50.3
0)
117
48
164
10
556
120
36
5
23
0)
119
33
448
191
19
29
25
163
241
436
14
574
155
11
51
46
210
(0
47.1
48.0
52.1
52.2
50.5
50.7
54.6
55.2
50.1
(»)
49.6
49.9
48.9
51.7
49.8
52.4
48.9
50.2
49.2
50.6
48.0
52.2
50.7
51.0
46.7
47.0
53.3
Total......... ...................
359
3,855
50.5
Machinists, male:
Alabama...... ...................
California.......................
Colorado..........................
Connecticut.....................
Georgia___________ ____
Illinois__________ ______
6
13
2
15
6
30
32
98
35
90
27
381
51.1
44.9
48.1
51.6
52.7
46.5
* Data included in total.
12
1
8
19
3
7
19
375
13
|
1
50
i.........
9
82
0)
254
40
100
146
128
142
52
80
8
9
20
27
25
75
63
32
76
61
6
2
33
21
21
3
64
14
35
15
29
48
26
237
113
2
6
41
89
345 1,689
629
270
14
9
48
14
4
89
390 1,094
1
91
1
28
46
11
27
2
45
21
7
1
5
14
22
271
13
108
7
138
109
24
5
14
64
98
113
14
113
9
29
22
17
4
5
15
45
42
125
932
1
3
1
4
13
6
9
9
161
9
4
77
1
l
2 I[ - - - i
4
n o i.........
20
10
5
16
19
5
2
10
3
18
4
15
94
9
3
5
44
2 1___
18
41
434
95
32
1
14
120
76
5
30
7
2
4
19
1
32
14
4
11
3
0)
2
4
38
1
16
1
3
1
30
2
11
85
76
93
1
20
6
33
1
11
5
7
37
4
171
115
55
25
6
93
58
18
9
27
83
128
91
4
8
56
196 1,399
298
121
6
4
6
11
45
5
129
5
7
46
46
29
6
5
34
1
16
0
23
6
74
247
99
2
9
12
18
1
261
28
13
3
6
3
TABLES
1
16
2
18
4
25
14
5
3
6
1
2
4
31
25
4
11
4
21
24
62
3
39
8
4
4
5
13
13
12
GENERAL
Lathe operators, turret, male:
Alabama..........................
California--.....................
Colorado..........................
Connecticut.....................
Georgia.............................
Illinois..............................
Indiana.............................
Iowa_ ...............................
Kansas.............................
Kentucky........................
Louisiana.........................
Maine...............................
M aryland ......................
Massachusetts.................
Michigan..........................
Minnesota.......................
Missouri___ ___________
New Hampshire..............
New Jersey......................
New Y o rk ......................
Ohio........................— . . .
Oregon.............................
Pennsylvania..................
Rhode Island..................
Tennessee........................
Texas................................
Washington.....................
Wisconsin.—...................
f
40
2
6
O
CO
C.— Average and classified full-time hours per week in 8 specified occupations in foundries and 17 in machine shops, 1929, by sex and
State—Continued
WAGES
MACHINE SHOPS-Continued
Number of employees whose full-time hours per week were—
49.8
5
28
9
58
0)
72
48
54.4
45.3
48.1
51.4
0)
49.4
51.1
3
7
4
15
5
18
3
6
20
1
4
1
2
1
278
4
19
3
1
20
20
25
29
21
6
3
3
40
152
31
7
39
14
8
2
10
33
55
13
66
546
1
9
5
2
2
21
25
15
26
121
8
4
1
40
20
60
108
3
16
31
68
46
50
197
96
21
3
Over
50
and
under
54
7
5
9
7
37
12
3
32
53
49
12
33
311
1
5
Over
54
and
under
55
1
13
14
55
11
4
246 1,063
4
54
4
34
17
8
10
2
31
Over
55
and
under
60
3
1
8
9
8
7
8
7
14
20
2
44
55
31
164
3
4
1
1
4
1
8
165
Over
60
60
2
6
11
9
i
85
......|1
4
30 i!
24
1
2
i
36
0)
21
35
11
9
2
13
7
1
3
2
3
2
SHOPS
379
17
2
6
16
4
50
71
11
2
17
9
12
1
48
Over
48
and
under
50
MACHINE
Machinists’ and tool makers’ helpers, male
Alabama..................................................
California................................................
Colorado......................... .......................
Connecticut............................................
Georgia....................................................
Illinois--....................................... - ........
Indiana_______ ______ — ------------------
3,036
8
45
Over
45
and
under
48
AND
Total.............. ......................................
455
149
43
52
63
64
50.6
53.3
50.3
50.9
49.9
49.7
48.3
49.5
51.1
51.3
51.4
51.2
49.9
48.8
50.3
47.5
52.2
50.5
50.4
47.8
47.9
51.7
82
40
53
38
31
42
51
127
220
26
82
51
129
267
300
44
Over
44
and
under
45
HOURS— FOUNDRIES
Machinists, male—Continued.
Indiana...................................................
Iowa........................................................
Kansas......... ........................................
Kentucky................................................
Louisiana................................................
Maine......................................................
Maryland.............. . ........- .............. .......
Massachusetts....... ................................
Michigan.................................................
Minnesota.................... - .........................
Missouri...... ....................- .....................
New Hampshire.....................................
New Jersey..............................................
New York....... . .................................... Ohio____ - ..............................................
O regon...................................................
Pennsylvania..........................................
Rhode Island..........................................
Tennessee...... .........................................
T e x a s.............................................. .......
Washington............................................
Wisconsin................................................
40
Over
40
and
under
44
AND
Occupation, sex, and State
Aver
Num Num agefull
ber of
of time
estab ber
hours
em
lish
per
ments ployees
104
T able
.
.
.
3
5
6
3
3
3
14
15
5
3
4
16
19
19
2
26'
6
2
6
4
9
15
11
11
6
17
31
81
80
17
7
16
66
67
58
6
143
47
7
48
12
60
Total___________ ________
229
1,006
50.3 |
Milling-machine operators, male
Alabama................................
California__________ ____
Colorado............................... .
Connecticut......... .............
Illin ois..................................
Indiana...................................
I o w a .................................... .
Kansas...................................
Kentucky..............................
Louisiana...............................
Maine....... ............................
Maryland..............................
Massachusetts.......................
Michigan................................
Minnesota....... ......... ............
Missouri.................................
New Hampshire....................
New Jersey............................
New York............................. .
Ohio.......... ...... ..................... .
Oregon.................................. .
Pennsylvania.........................
Rhode Island.........................
Tennessee..............................
Texas..................................... .
2
15
2
17
26
14
2
3
5
1
3
4
32
27
6
9
4
20
28
64
4
37
7
4
3
10
62
26
194
379
55
25
3
15
0)
27
27
402
164
22
35
33
96
481
576
10
425
175
7
46
53.1
46.0
48.1
51.7
50.3
51.2
55.0
52.7
51.9
0)
49.3
52.8
49.6
60.8
49.5
51.8
4a 7
49.3
48.3
50.3
47.6
51.7
50.7
51.2
46.6 .
22
63
.
217
13
31
49
360
97
109
106
33
36
24
11
76
17
33
82
34
.1
21
41
333
193
9
78
0)
24
1
147
85
2
15
125
20
. 3J
24 I
TABLES
* Data included in total.
12
GENERAL
54.1
61.0
49.5
48.0
48.2
48.8
48.2
52.6
50.6
52.3
49.3
49.6
49.7
50.3
44.0
51.7
51.1
52.0
47.4
48.0
53.0
Iowa______ _______________
Kansas...................................
K en tu cky............................
Louisiana...............................
Maine.....................................
Maryland..............................
Massachusetts.......................
Michigan................................
Minnesota_________ _______
Missouri.................................
New Hampshire....................
New Jersey............................
New York_______ ________ _
Ohio........................................
Oregon....................................
Pennsylvania.........................
Rhode Island.........................
Tennessee..............................
Texas................ — ................
Washington...........................
Wisconsin..............................
'"Io ‘
1
12
138
103
102
46
39
52
37
o
C.— Average and classified full-time hours per week in 8 specified occupations in foundries and 17 in machine shops, 1929, by sex and
State—Continued
WAGES
MACHINE SHOPS—Continued
Number of employees whose full-time hours per week were—
Total....... ........... ........................... .........
3,440
50.2
0)
45.
C1)
49.
49.
48.
49.
50.
(l)
49.
51.
50.
0)
49.
51.
49.
48.
49.
48.
49.
50.
45.
52.
49.
49.
(l)
47.
1
1
152 1
5
1
.........I!
1
47 1
1
1
1
44
5
45
1
I
!
10
12
13
10
27
184
932
7
1
1
3
4
.........!..........
50
366
868
394
88
74
2
7
20
2
26
20
11
8
1
41
77
40
1
21
9
8
40~
41
3
7
54
Over
54
and
under
55
55
18
2
11
22
5
204
2
i
2
4
5
1
5
22
44
45
i
l
64
3
20
56
7
10
2
7
60
Over
60
16
68
92
52
7
1
1
6 1
14
C1)
102
17
74
37
3
Over
55
and
under
60
17
31 ___ » . -------
2
(l)
5
37
2
2
Over
50
and
under
54
Over
48
and
under
50
C1)
21
(l)
8
2 —
2
3
3
6
3
48
10
4
1
1
....... !..........i..........
1_____!_____
1 4
I
I 20
Over
45
and
under
48
f
2 1
i
i
—-11
1
5
9
7
1
1
i
ii 11
1 22
18
73
|
2
18
SHOPS
<*)
68
(l)
100
9
115
47
3
<*)
14
9
14
0)
174
39
21
5
6
66
173
230
4
283
48
16
Over
44
and
under
45
MACHINE
46.8
53.1
44
AND
Pattern makers, male:
Alabama..................... ...............................
California........................................... .........
Colcrado.....................................................
Connecticut.—............................. ..............
Georgia.........................................................
Illinois........................................... ............ .
Indiana........................................ - ............. .
Iowa............................................................
Kansas.........................................................
Kentucky................ .................................. .
Louisiana.................................................... .
Maine......... .......................................... .....
Maryland................................................... .
Massachusetts............................................ .
Michigan............ ...... - ............................... .
Minnesota....................................................
Missouri.......................................................
New Hampshire..........................................
New Jersey................................................. .
New York....................................................
Ohio............................................................ .
Oregon................................................... .....
Pennsylvania...............................................
Rhode Island...............................................
Tennessee................................................... .
Texas.................................................... .......
Washington................................................ .
358
33
112
Over
40
and
under
44
HOTJBS— FOUNDRIES
Milling-machine operators, male—Continued.
Washington......... .......................................
Wisconsin______ _________ _____________
40
AND
Occupation, sex, and State
Aver
Num Num age
full
ber of
of time
estab ber
em
hours
lish
per
ments ployees week
106
T a b le
Wisconsin._____________________
50.1
Total_________ . . . . . . . . . . . . __ _
49.9
Screw-machine operators, hand, male:
California_____ _________________
Connecticut___ _________________
Illinois_____ ___________________
Indiana........ .......................... ........
Kansas________________________
Kentucky____________ . . . . . . ____
Maine____ _____________________
Maryland______________________
Massachusetts__________________
Michigan_______________________
Minnesota______________________
Missouri______ ________ ________
New Hampshire________________
i Data included in total
50.7
49.0
49.6
49.9
50.6
30
62
11
65
81
342
69
549
233
46
2
6
2
4
1
2
0)
11
3
147
1
52
27
3
7
3
3
2
8
36
5
1
1
0)6
7
64
20
20
1
1
1
3
1
84
2
3
3
2
4
1
14
4
100
48
1
2
12
39
34
91
59
76
19
20
13
6
2
2
5
35
6
18
1
6
2
6
16
14
24
16
31
1
16
25
70
61
3
1
19
29
696
177
108
5
2
24
30
13
2
9
4
4
3
0)
1
2
0)
24
3
5
1
3
1
1
1
1
86
2
61
1
2
17
15
2
3
411
3
1
2
110
2
9
1
17
9
1
4
2
4
1
25
2
1
6
12
13
------ 1
15
1
4
142
9
5
2
17
7
40
38
1
1
48
18
27
9
1
10
1
1
8
8
5
2
31
8
8
16
2
39
60
121
3
19
2
0)
50.6
V)48.0
48.4
52.7
49.5
52.0
0)
8
13
0)
48.2
51.1
49.3
50.6
51.3
49.1
49.7
49.7
49.2
50.9
47.0
53.6
51.5
49.2
47.3
47.7
53.5
11 j
38
29
....
12
0)
12
115
1
18
17
3
TABLES
Total_________________________
49.4
46.4
C)
50.8
51.0
50.1
50.8
51.7
54.3
49.5
----- 1------
127
GENERAL
Planer operators, male:
Alabama.........................................
California______ ________________
Colorado................... ................... .
Connecticut_____ _______ _______
Georgia______ __________________
Illinois_________________ _______ _
Indiana.............................................
Iowa.......................... ......................
Kansas_________________ ______
Kentucky....................................... .
Louisiana______________________
Maine_________________________
Maryland..................... ...................
Massachusetts__________________
Michigan_______________________
Minnesota______________________
Missouri_________ ______________
New Hampshire________________
New Jersey_____________________
New York______________________
Ohio___________________________
Oregon_________________________
Pennsylvania___________________
Rhode Island___________________
Tennessee______________________
Texas................................................
Washington____________________
Wisconsin______________________
------ [-----....... I........
1
2
13
5
6
O
C.— Average and classified full-time hours per week in 8 specified occupaiions in foundries and 17 in machine shops, 1929} by sex and
State— Continued
108
T able
M ACHINE SHOPS—Continued
WAGES
Number of employees whose full-time hours per week were—
T o ta l_____________________________ _____
155
966
50.2
1
1
1
7
2
5
2
5
5
3
3
1
4
1
0)
0)
0)
30
6
24
5
15
13
37
27
0)
6
0)
0)
0)
0)
51.7
53.8
50.5
54.4
49.3
47.7
56.0
49.3
0)
51.8
0)
Total___________________________________ 1
41
171
51.5
Screw-machine operators, automatic, male:
Alabama
... .
..
California
.......
.
Colorado
__
_
Connecticut
.
Illinois
Indiana............................................. .............— 1
1
2
1
6
16
7
(,\
m
13
80
49
0)
49.1
0)
52.5
49.9
50.1
Screw-machine operators, semiautomatic; male:
___________ ___ ____ ____
Alabama
*
Connecticut . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Georgia
..................................
Kentucky
______________________. . .
Massachusetts . ________ __ ____ ____
Michigan
. . . . . . . ______ . . . . . . . _. . . . . .
New Jersey ___________ . . . . . . . . . ____ ___
New York
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ______ . . .
Ohio
............................................... —
Pennsylvania
- ... .
...........
Rhode Island
___________________________
Tennessee
. ...............................
Texas
___________________________ _
1
45
1
5
Over
45
and
under
48
4
8
Over
48
and
under
50
36
63
28
44
100
12
1
2
1
19
39
214
189
3
17
2
23
48
50
29
9
26
3
86
Over
50
and
under
54
54
5
9
2
26
20
9
312
66
Over
54
and
under
55
55
9
7
Over
55
and
under
60
60
2
1
30
21
16
34
3
1
2
25
Over
60
6
15
0)
1
3
3
5
2
22
7
2
1
32
8
0)
b)
15
13
13
11
10
5
3
2
0)
16
51
40
5
3
2
2
2
3
9
7
9
3
0)
1
3
7
0)
17
5
10
1
6
6
3
1
3
(,)i
10
3
5
17
48
19
1
3
SHOPS
50.0
48.9
50.7
49.6
50.4
48.8
51.6
Over
44
and
under
45
MACHINE
29
99
264
53
115
2
58
44
AND
4
16
38
10
7
2
9
Over
40
and
under
44
HOURS— FOUNDRIES
Screw-machine operators, hand, male—Contd.
New Jersey ____ ______ ____ ___ ___ ___
New Y o r k ______________________________
Ohio . ________. ________ ______ ________
Pennsylvania___- ___ ________________ ____
Rhode Island ___________________________
Tennessee__ ____________ ________ _____ __
Wisconsin_________________________________
40
AND
Occupation, sex, and State
Aver
Num Num agefull
ber of ber of time
estab
em
hours
lish
per
ments ployees week
8------------ QS— oS^SSII
15
23
8
(0
57
79
0)
5
2
34
46
202
49
Iowa..... ............. .
Kentucky______
Maine.................
Maryland...........
Massachusetts...
Michigan............
Minnesota..........
Missouri............ .
New Hampshire.
New Jersey........
New York_____
Ohio....................
Pennsylvania__
Rhode Island___
Tennessee______
Texas............. .
Washington____
Wisconsin______
0)
0)
30
Total................
350
1Data included in total.
51.8
!
6
24
15
3
1
3
6
2
2
0)
0)
2
77
25
145
10
366
76
15
7
13
11
73
364
144
22
28
19
88
367
463
4
197
178
10
22
14
110
1
49.5
!
45.9
I
48.0
I
51.4
1
51.8
i
49.9
1
50.4
j
54.4
510 : :
. I -.50.2
48.9 ......... i.........
i
49.7
i
50.3
i
61.8
51.3 .........1
.
i.........
51.5
i
48.3
i
49.5
48.4
49.9
45.0
51.1
51.0
50.8
47.3
1
47.7
50.7
29
1
5
3
113
4
8
4
131
230
47
25
22
4
7
3
2
5
26
98
3
153
65
8
14
2
4
9
2
206
76
2
1
3
59
27
88
60
109
1
2
61
103
9
6
8
16
27
257
123
1
41
16
5
10
6
2
9
20
83
746
1
24
21
133
4
9
3
13
1
.
1
17
3
0)
4
3
9
35
1
7
22
2
1
1
9
43
38
2
1
3
3
6
2
1
8
4
4
10
f
1
127
4
2
4
10
5
65
7
3
3
1
34
5
21
11
30
9
19
1
43
32
28
17
(*)
1
1
|
51.4
59.0
3
7
1
762
2,850
0)
12
1
I
7
27
129
17
7
37
47
2
1
6
7
79
10
1
22
24
1
12
7
14
14
6
24
1
15
3
47
2
13
4
20
61
2
2
3
1
2
43
233 1,000
297
10
12
9
5
7
6
38
1
2
31
17
1
3
19
4
1
1
6
4
3
30
10
TABLES
144
8
1
i
GENERAL
Total.............. .
Toolmakers, male:
Alabama............
California______
Colorado........... .
Connecticut____
Georgia...............
Illinois............... .
Indiana...............
Iowa____ ______
Kansas________
Kentucky______
Maine.................
Maryland........ .
Massachusetts__
Michigan............
Minnesota_____
Missouri..... .......
New Hampshire.
New Jersey____
New York_____
Ohio___________
Oregon................
Pennsylvania___
Rhode Island___
Tennessee______
Texas.................
Washington____
Wisconsin______
55.
52.
50.
(>)
49.
60.
0)
49.
49.
50.
48.6
50.5
51.2
50.1
53.3
7
106
3
151
27
26
31
O
CO
D.— Average and classified hours actually worked in one week in 8 specified occupations in foundries and 17 in machine shops, 1929,
by sex and State
23
123
44
111
367
4,233
5
5
1
6
4
.. .. .
4
46
6
2
2
1
2
1
8
7
3
1
4
9
10
2
2
1
13
5
2
2
25
5
8
2
1
2
16
11
3
10
11
9 ’ "l 2‘
3
2* 3
1
8
82
7
5
1
5
4
5
10J
2
23
36
2
1
4
26
11
28
1
62
19
9
2
4
12
302
7
1
1
13 jj
2
7
13
2 !
10
1
8
2
1
6
6
3
31
5
7
1
1
62
4
23
1
2
1
27
9
1
5
13
10
2
12
10
2
3
11
5
18
12* ‘ *22’
7
2
4
” 12“
104
156
5
4
4
3
1
3
3
5
3
4
3
3
1
6
2
1
1
1
2
1
1
2
44
49
6
5
4
1
23
11
5
1
1
1
4
9
20
3
3
39
.. . . .
64
1
2
1
2
4
43
34
49
22
5
.. .. .
1
1
1
23 ""36"
24
10 ■*24"
15
7
40
1
5
4
34
45
20
8
9
2
2
5
5
14
355
219
Over
48
and 50
un hrs.
der
50
hrs.
4
1
6
6
3
13
25
25
15
11
1
12
21
17
3
26
5
3 . - ' 4'
1
5
24
4
297
205
2
1
10
20
16
2
2
1
11
41
13
—...
Over
50
and 54
un hrs.
der
54
hrs.
3
24
3
5
11
38
23
8
2
3
11
4
31
31
10
5
19 "‘ 46’
14 46
11 32
1
21 102
22 51
8
9
4
223
7
4
31
534
10
1
7
4
3
64
37
8
23
14
6
22
11
Over
54
and 55
un hrs.
der
55
hrs.
2 1
10
2
1
5
2
3
4 _____
2
1
2
1
1
2
1
3
19
1
7
10
4
13
5
3
11
20
12
9
46
1
8
17
8
23
18
319
1
72
15
1
1
2
1
121
O^er
55
and 60
un hrs.
der
60
hrs.
1
4
18
21
41
39
3
4
4
8
3
22
30
2
8
1
43
49
43
80
3
7
1
1
52
488
1
1
2
1
28
2
1
1
2
2
2
26
Over
60
and 72 Over
un hrs. 72
hrs.
der
72
hrs.
2
6
4
5
24
12
7
3
3
1
8
3
9
50
4
2
7
9
24
43
46
2
2
2
57
3
21
2
. . .. .
119
2
1
1
4
15
4
4
1
1
1
3
7
3
4
1
23
344
1
2
30
20
=e—.'■a
SHOPS
Total..
1
7
2
3
1
Over
45
and 48
un hrs.
der
48
hrs.
MACHINE
Kentucky______
Louisiana.............
Maine..................
Maryland............
Massachusetts___
Michigan_______
Minnesota....... —.
Missouri..............
New HampshireNew Jersey_____
New York______
Ohio.....................
Oregon.................
Pennsylvania.......
Rhode Island.....
Tennessee____ . . .
Texas________ __
Washington.........
Wisconsin............
2
1
Over
44
and 45
un hrs.
der
45
hrs.
AND
50
449
170
103
37
15
39
44
43
346
401
46
71
19
293
334
365
26
593
149
60
30
32
217
46.8
45.8
51.7
49.5
54.3
49.0
51.8
46.5
52.5
54.2
49.5
57.2
50.2
46.3
5a 3
47.8
50.7
49.6
50.0
50.5
50.2
44.0
49.7
48.4
46.1
48.7
42.2
50.0
Over
32
40
and
44
un 40 and
un
der hrs. der hrs.
40
44
hrs.
hrs.
HOURS— FOUNDRIES
Chippers and rough grinders, male:
Alabama................ _...............—
California........... . .....................
Colorado________________ ___
Connecticut...............................
Georgia................................... —
Illinois.......................................
Indiana........ ..............................
Iowa...........................................
Number of employees who during one week worked—
AND
Occupation, sex, and State
Aver
age
Num Num hours
16 24
ber of ber of actu
ally Un and and
estab em
lish ploy- work der un un
ed in 16 der der
ments
one hrs. 24 32
hrs. hrs.
week
WAGES
FOUNDRIES
110
T a b le
Core makers, male:
Alabama...........,
California........ ..
Colorado........... .
Connecticut___
Georgia_______..
Illinois........ .......
Indiana............. .
Iowa...................
11
88
19
1Data included in total.
12
9
13
43
169
344
41
66
8
128
282
393
15
522
87
34
23
24
387
(0
24
3
70
35
51
39.3
42.7
43.7
17
10
39.1
49.8
39.4
280
41.6
0)
0)
13
57
17
10
1
1
18
27
4
3
6
16
13
2
11
21
12
8
1
1
12
1
43
4
3
13
32
31
28
48
6
4
2
6
11
2
10
23
113
263
227
195
139
217
56
355
148
179
353
16
22
0)
<9
0)
23
0)
0)
23
22
27
17
22
30
1
13
14
19
1
1
1
45
34
2
27
3
10
27
27
2
3
2
0)
37.8
45.2
48.3
22
1
1
8
....
*12'
17
2
4
29
25
4
14
17
222
204
25
149
TABLES
Total-
46.9
114
33
331
177
2
68
GENERAL
Core makers, female:
Georgia.................
Illinois.................
Indiana.................
Kentucky........... .
Massachusetts___
Michigan..............
New Jersey....... .
New Y o rk ...____
Ohio............. ........
Pennsylvania____
Rhode Island____
Wisconsin_______
3.370
22
K e n tu ck y ....___
Louisiana.......... .
Maine__________
Maryland........... .
Massachusetts__
Michigan............
Minnesota.......... .
Missouri.............
New Hampshire..
New Jersey_____
New York______
Ohio.....................
Oregon_______ ...
Pennsylvania___
Rhode Island.....
Tennessee______
Texas..................
Washington.........
Wisconsin______
Total..
222
52.1
44.4
47.4
44.9
49.7
47.6
47.7
46.3
51.4
47.0
50.8
47.5
48.0
44.0
47.0
43.2
46.9
46.4
47.8
49.6
48.7
44.8
44.8
50.9
44.1
42.5
43.3
47.7
140
Average and classified hours actually worked in one week in 8 specified occupations in foundries and 17 in machine shops, 1929,
by sex and State— Continued
91
493
1,147
114
169
17
723
1,000
100
514
334 10,980
45
Over
Over
48
50
Over
Over
Over
54
60
55
45
hrs.
48
54
50
hrs.
48.7
48.6
48.6
48.5
52.1
49.2
48.3
49.3
51.4
46.7
49.7
55
hrs.
hrs.
72
60
hrs.
hrs.
hrs.
4
19
3
4
67
11
0)
52.6
45.7
50.4
45.5
48.7
44.0
49.1
53.2
52.3
46.0
50.7
53.8
42.9
47.1
43.4
53.5
50.2
20
33
58
64
2
41
16
31
10
24
237
226
649
607
100
126
12
44
547
406
466
1266
646
200
296 1268
332
315
SHOPS
1,356
38
1,350
230
Over
44
and 72 Over
and 45 and 48 and 50 and 54 and 55 and
72
un hrs. un hrs. un hrs. un hrs. un hrs. un
un
der
der
der
der
der
der hrs. der hrs. hrs.
MACHINE
0)
Over
AND
T o ta l-
64
295
55
481
157
1,067
865
247
63
57
106
Over
32
40
and
un 40 and
44
un
der hrs. der hrs.
40
44
hrs.
hrs.
HOURS— FOUNDRIES
Laborers, male:
Alabama_______
California_____ _
Colorado_______
Connecticut____
Georgia_________
Illinois_________
Indiana_________
Iowa___________ _
Kansas________ _
Kentucky______
Louisiana_______
Maine..................
Maryland......... .
Massachusetts__
Michigan_______
Minnesota______
Missouri..............
New HampshireNew Jersey_____
New York______
Ohio.......... ...........
Oregon............
Pennsylvania___
Rhode Island___
Tennessee______
Texas...................
Washington_____
Wisconsin______
Number of employees who during one week worked—
AND
Occupation, sex, and State
Average
Num Num hours
24
16
ber of ber of actu
ally Un and and
estab emlish ploy- work der un un
ed in 16 der der
ments
32
one hrs. 24
hrs. hrs.
WAGES
FOUNDRIES—Continued
112
T a b l e D .—
Molders, hand, floor, male:
Alabama......... ................
California........................
Colorado.......................
Connecticut............ ........
Georgia............................
Illinois________________
Indiana............................
Iowa........... .....................
Kansas....... .....................
Kentucky......................
Louisiana______________
Maine_________________
Maryland........................
Massachusetts_________
Michigan______________
Minnesota_____________
Missouri.................. ........
New Hampshire_______
1Data included in total.
15
7
84
2,098
44.8
39
207
33
286
54
438
347
129
54
51
52
4«
81
312
435
62
146
37
4.66
42,9
47.7
45.2
42.7
46.2
44.3
43.8
51.7
50.0
48.8
44.5
44.2
43.8
46.5
43.6
44.3
45.1
2
142
30
169
126
42
9
7
6
20
19
209
31
24
88
199
142
13
250
88
11
321
0)
44.0
33.8
44.4
45.3
46.9
47.8
44.8
52.7
47.2
47.5
48.6
46.7
39.0
44.1
42.3
43.7
40.3
45.3
46.1
44.4
44.4
46.0
46.7
43.9
42.7
40.4
47.4
71
10
13
4
7
... .
3
1
1
10
1
21
2
7
7
6
25
11
1
31
12
1
3
29
36
74 230
9
8
1
28
6
19
39
10
2
2
7
3
5
22
13
8
25
8
1
2
1
1
1
1
67
27
2
4
41
7
13
4
8
1
2
1
58
1
28
11
16'
24
18
3
8
5
13
29
16
T
"IE"
1
2
1
33
24
7
10
1
20
2
2
3
8
1
1
1
12
183
146
40
8
13
24’
12
14
23
1
1
1
15
75
35
2
2
1
3
1
3
1
19
23
2
15
34
42
4
19
4
7
3
13
0)
1
1
23
34
6
12
35
5
1
8
1
28
16
30
7
3
3
19
10
2
1
1
1
7
32
3
4
....
5
11
10
J2
2
” 6’
8
27
"T
6
1
24
8
6
12
6
.....
8
19
'T
12
1
12
3
2
1
2
12
49
219
66
16
1
12
32
5
"T
4
3
3
1
80
3
61
25
3
3
8
15
'Y
3
2
2
1
2
15
1
10
*y
5
22
45
24
6
5
148
2
19
7
9
21
190
22
2
~73~
20
1
6
17
1
2
1
10
4
51
3
13
2
14
3
9
2
10
156
11
6
5
14
19
55
41
10
1
1
2
10
1
1
12
22
5
24
195
'31
1
1
2
7
13
13
1
17
17
TABLES
Total________________
0)
GENERAL
Molders, hand, bench, male:
Alabama....................... —
California_____________
Colorado______ ________
Connecticut___________
Georgia.............................
Illinois..............................
Indiana............................
Iowa.................................
Kansas................. ..........
Kentucky........................
Louisiana______________
Maine...............................
M aryland.......................
Massachusetts.................
Michigan........................
Minnesota..... .................
Missouri.......................
New Hampshire..............
New Jersey......................
New York_____________
Ohio.................................
Oregon................ ............
Pennsylvania...................
Rhode Island..................
Tennessee.............- .........
Texas............... ...............
Washington.....................
Wisconsin........................
28
43~
41
8
35
14
23
5
3
10
5
19
7
1
3
13
8
17
4
1
.....
5
12
4
24
7
10
1
2
00
D.— Average and classified hours actually worked in one week in 8 specified occupations in foundries and 17 in machine shops, 1929,
by sex and State— Continued
0)
20
22
118
18
387
244
89
17
16
3
0)
39
284
566
34
44
10
4 5 .6
o
2
11
2
1
3
0
12
9
9~
1
3
q
11
30
29
2
2
14
26
39
3
91
g
5
1
3
3
14
15
27
75
89
196
451
3
g
1
1
5
3
2
15
1
” 36’
10
1
1
7
13
28
63
24
8
7
74
17
3
4
1
5
1
2
6
7
7
11
g
5
2
3
13
13
1
2
1
1
0)
0)
4 9 .1
4 3 .7
4 6 .2
3 9 .6
4 6 .4
3 0 .5
1
5
A
15
7
9
2
1
5
21
1
4
7
8
2
1
1
78
16
11
23
30
99
4
2
22
8
59
4
.. .. .
1
1
1
12
6
44
462
338
166
120
528
357
8
2
1
6
4
2
4
1
9
9
14
14
3
8
1
1
5
1
0
9
1
1
2
1
1
2
43
47
41
9
49
33
9
1
5
10
79
129
33
16
33
3
0
9
29
1
0)
4 7 .3
4 9 .2
4 8 .2
4 9 .0
4 6 .0
4 6 .4
4 5 .5
5 1 .3
4 6 .5
5 6 .2
9
32
43
40
2
1
3
1
0
9
1
2
19
5
5
0
12
31
4
7-
31
15
15
3
93
15
15
5
9
15
10
2
6
2
15
55
5
9
4
22
24
36
77
28
24
30
47
31
4
4
2
1
14
3
10
3
8
14
38
2
8
1
25
35
7
6
2
1
3
10
10
2
1 •
11
65
2
1
3
15
621
370
289
4 80
364
59
89
217
2
2
1
4
28
1
11
0)
1
1
7
23
2
69
6
51
89
5
48
13
7
1
3
1
1
104
1
1
6
1
1
2
28
2
9
3
1
5
9
1
1
3
2
6
1
3
2
1
2
22
7
2
12
64
25
29
32
44
3
2
2
14
2
2
5
21
11
8
2
5
1
21
2
2
14
71
2
4
3
2
2
5
12
10
40
1
0
6
8
2
2
6
58
.. .. .
49
19
29
SHOPS
Kentucky............
Louisiana.............
Maine................. .
Maryland............
Massachusetts__
Michigan.........—
Minnesota______
Missouri________
New Hampshire..
5 ,4 5 3
9
MACHINE
Holders, machine, male:
Alabama...................
California__________
Colorado____ ______
Connecticut..............
Georgia......................
Illinois.......................
Indiana......................
Iowa..........................
3 85
4 6 .8
4 5 .7
4 6 .0
4 4 .9
4 6 .0
4 8 .7
4 1 .4
4 3 .0
4 1 .8
4 6 .9
19
1
<»)
11
15
23
5
5
1
5
16
20
"l7~
1
64
15
17
1
AND
Total..
246
3 70
657
32
708
131
74
55
63
HOURS— FOUNDRIES
Holders, hand, floor, male—Contd.
Isew Jersey................................ .
New York..................................
Ohio........................................... .
Oregon....................................... .
Pennsylvania............................ .
Rhode Island..............................
Tennessee.................................. .
Texas..........................................
Washington................................
Wisconsin...................... —........ .
AND
Occupation, sex, and State
Number of employees who during one week worked—
Aver
age
Num Num hours
Over
Over
Over
Over
Over
Over
Over
Over
32
24
16
ber of ber of actu
60
54
55
48
50
45
40
44
estab em
ally Un and and and
Over
and
and
and
and
and
and
and
and
lish ploy- work der un un un 4 0 un 4 4 un 4 5 un 4 8 un 50 un 54 un 55 un 6 0 un 72 72
hrs.
hrs.
ments
ed in 16 der der der hrs. der hrs. der hrs. der hrs. der hrs. der hrs. der
der hrs. hrs.
der
32
40
one hrs. 24
72
55
60
50
54
48
44
45
hrs. hrs. hrs.
week
hrs.
hrs.
hrs.
hrs.
hrs.
hrs.
hrs.
hrs.
WAGES
FOUNDRIES—Continued
114
T able
Total.............................
11
19
47
4
20
69
10
17
8
3
5
7
4
4
2
44
41
11
1
3
6
2
3
2
2
2
50
2
8
6
31
1
1
2
3
3
71
22
1
1
2
55
11
I
3
5
23
5
19
6
(i)
32
16
40
4
1
3
11
1
15
249
3,854
46.5
60
70
147
335
213
301
52
62
393
218
4
2
15
1
5
7
2
5
1
?
1
5
1
I
2
1
10
2
6
11
2
2
1
3
1
11
3
8
7
1
2
12
143
195
24
294
37
19
17
30
84
50.4
49.3
52.5
45.1
42.5
50.6
43.8
46.6
64.5
44.9
0)
40.4
40.8
46.5
51.5
41.2
49.5
44.1
51.0
52.5
49.3
45.9
47.8
51.7
47.3
50.6
38.7
47.8
1,919
48.5
45.5
44.6
40.2
45.7
49.1
75
40
83
23
76
103
30
3
9
0)
26
18
79
196
32
251
3
1
3
1
1
3
1
7
1
4
1
1
1
3
8
1
1
3
2
4
2
7
i
__
T
5
3
2
3
1
3
2
1
3
9
4
1
4
10
5
11
1
2
5
1
3
!
1
15
5
1
9
6
7
73
11
13
1
35
44
29
31
2
7
1
16
32
1
1
7
22
1
3
35
1
51
2
4
186
264
357
294
57
82
338
39
113
1
8
2
1
2
2
24
2
6
1
1
10
1
12
4
13
25
36
18
8
18
37
23
3
1
5
5
15
265
1
6
2
10
11
1
3
2
2
18
1
1
3
2
2
1
_
”l4
5
7
1
4
1
4
5
20
2
1
11
4
9
1
1
17
6
1
1
3
4
10
3
1
3
1
8
9
5
2
1
2
2
.....
14 ” 32_
"2 0 ‘
1
7
5
i
2
3
3
g
6
3
40
41
54
145
52
1
1
1
3
3
2
6
1
2
3
1
1
4
1
1
6
3
101
1
2
1
1
1
3
3
1
23
22
21
1
1
1
1
1
3
2 * 4
2
15
7
8
11
5
4
1
2
3
9
6
15
8
2
12
22
23
1
3
1
1
2
2
13
126
118
3
4
1
0)
2
11
”io"
1
4
11
9
6
11
15
1
.. .. .
1
2
21
—... -----
2
11
20
4
7
47
3
19 • 7
22
38
37
53
3
16
79
3
1
3
26
2
33
1
18 ” 32'
8
10
2
12
2
17 29
9
2
2
3
1
2
32
7
3
5
110
81
111
256
3
3
1
9
2
1
2
1
2
3
(l)
1
12
9
1
1
1
3
3
1
7
10
5
3
2
12
0)
2
.. .. .
3
11
0)
2
19
6
1
10
13
31
2
1
7
10
2
1
3
3
2
5
1
5
2
18
2
24
34
15
1
49
3
3
1
2
1
125
1
51
203
1
1
1
1
1
3
1
2
6
5
2
3
1
1
1
2
1
2
1
1
5
7
1
2
2
14
.....
1
4
14
2
2
21
17
28
1
11
7
2
1
3
18
1
3
1
2
1
1
8
30
4
2
34
1
4
2
3
(0
1
TABLES
18
22
13
GENERAL
Pattern makers, male:
Alabama..........................
California--.....................
Colorado.......................... .
Connecticut.....................
Georgia..................... .......
* Data included in total.
2
9
8
11
Molders’ helpers, floor, male:
Alabama.............. ...........
California.........................
Colorado..........................
Connecticut------ ----------Georgia.............................
Illinois..............................
Indiana............................
Iow a...............................
Kansas.............................
Kentucky........................
Louisiana.........................
Maine...............................
Maryland........................
Massachusetts.................
Michigan.........................
Minnesota........................
Missouri.................- ........
New Hampshire..............
New Jersey......................
New York........................
Ohio.................................
Oregon.............................
Pennsylvania...................
Rhode Island...................
Tennessee........................
Texas....................... ........
Washington.....................
Wisconsin........................
Total________________
2
7
7
255
45.2
49.3
45.2
0)
45.3
49.2
49.7
40.6
40.2
47.7
180
434
427
0)
413
176
7
12
New Jersey......................
New York...................... .
Ohio.................................
Oregon.............................
Pennsylvania...................
Rhode Island...................
Tennessee........................
Texas................................
Washington.....................
Wisconsin........................
51
137
Oi
Average and classified hours actually worked in one week in 8 specified occupations in foundries and 17 in machine shops, 1929,
by sex and State— Continued
6
1
1
1
6
8
21
2
10
3
11
11
12
3
14
1
8
8
0
6
12
33
4
102
103
70
7
110
16
36
191
1,127
19
0
28
0)
6
48.9
12
18
43
14
60
61
17
147
65
47
77
13
46
SHOPS
6
0)
0
0 0
24
124
161
(,)e
hrs.
16
149
64
17
2
4
4
72
60
hrs.
MACHINE
9
6
60
AND
Total__
22
Over
55
and 72 Over
and
un hrs. un hrs. 72
hrs.
der
der
HOXJBS— FOUNDRIES
Pattern makers, male—Con.
Illinois........ ..................—
Indiana________________
Iowa__________________
Kansas-----------------------K en tu ck y......................
Louisiana........................
Maine..............................
Maryland....... —............
Massachusetts..... ...........
Michigan............- ...........
Minnesota.......................
Missouri...........................
New Hampshire..............
New Jersey......................
New York.......................
Ohio.................................
Oregon.............................
Pennsylvania..................
Rhode Island...................
Tennessee........................
Texas................................
Washington....... ............
Wisconsin--------------------
Over
AND
Occupation, sex, and State
Number of employees who during one week worked—
Aver
age
Num Num hours
Over
Over
Over
Over
Over
Over
24
32
16
ber of ber of actu
54
50
45
44
48
40
ally Un and and and
estab em
and 55
and
and
and
and
and
lish ploy work der un un un 40 un 44 un 46 un 48 un 50 un
un
ed in 16 der der der hrs. der hrs. der hrs. der hrs. der hrs. der
ments ees
der hrs.
32
40
one hrs. 24
65
54
46
48
60
44
hrs. hrs. hrs.
week
hrs.
hrs.
hrs.
hrs.
hrs.
hrs.
WAGES
FOUNDRIES—Continued
116
T a b l e D .—
M ACHINE SHOPS
1
11
1
12
3
22
14
6
4
7
1
4
5
36
28
5
10
3
14
20
56
040
0
54.0
51.2
49.9
48.9
48.5
50.8
47.9
5
4
13
345
7,670
49.7
16
68
46.9
44.5
0
52.1
48.6
51.3
51.7
49.9
55.3
49.6
42.6
45.0
52.0
5a 5
4
37
5
4
3
16
1
17
4
29
13
4
5
4
3
2
5
32
0
142
10
249
44
19
9
14
18
150
1
11 ” 23’
7
16
3
3
4
0
51.1
49.0
50.1
50.8
45.2
51.8
48.4
49.5
47.4
49.8
47.1
51.7
49.5
48.1
47.6
42.6
50.2
14
05
13
4
2
11
9
2
7
7
1
1
(,)7
1 ’ _26~
12 14
1
37
12
7
1
55
27
14
9
34
19
13
28
32
24"
7
1
1
5
12
*20"
11
....
20
13
.....
1
2
67
0
76
0
94
244
2
4
1
3
0
0
4
1
5
1
0
0
57
2
2
13
1
1
12
18
6
1
1
1
59
12
10
2
1
5
192
97
1
.....
2
2
16
161
25
26
37
343
112
8
66
2
20
8
19
356
4
0
1
" 2"
32
26
315
123
18
10
9
2
7
2
287
14 "29"
8
10
7
19
23
1
58
13
1
2
48
0 02
14
1
1
22
11
20
1
2
942
4
84
48
21
8
7
134
85
5
7
6
.....
" 26"
16
364
118
1
3
5
1 17
7
75
20 22
141 155
1
137" 129
8 198
4
1 "'18'
4
10
586 1706
7
113
109
2
6
3
14
57
153
2
18
14
1
38
23
11
1
11
0
5
2
18
11
20
1
96
” 5’
957
176
0
9
80
43
1
10
14
"io '
3
1
36~
0
15
5
19
7
1
1
1
12
8
1
11
11
27
254
572
1
"T
5
1
‘ §5’
6
2
7
1
11
11
’ 38"
” 3'
9
21
’ 34’
28
34
17
4
63
27
7
6
2
112
52
1
6
1
1
3 "24"
13
3
8
7
26 16
16 73 14 67
1
3
46~ 119 “l6" 87
2
26
1
2
16
108 ’ Iq’
26
3
..... . . . .
8
1
1
12
0
’ 2l"
’if
2
2
. . ..
2
19
101
9
'§7'
3
1
2
0
34
5
2
””5
1
~X2
’ 20"
3
22
2
4
12
2
15
53
461
1
0
TABLES
13
888
391
101
59
47
0
0)
44.2
70
1,284
564
68
113
57
221
735
977
27
921
315
38
38
62
Total_______________
Boring-mill operators, male:
Alabama____ ________
California____________
Colorado_____ _______
Connecticut.............. ....
Georgia........................
Illinois........ ...............
Indiana.........................
Iowa........................ .....
Kansas_______________
Kentucky..................... .
Louisiana_____________
Maine_______________
Maryland.................. ....
Massachusetts.............. .
1Data included in total.
0124
0138
GENERAL
Assemblers, male:
Alabama-------- ----------California_____ ______
Colorado____ ________
Connecticut__________
Georgia___________ ___
Illinois........ ..................
Indiana....... ................
Iowa____ ____________
Kansas......... ................ .
Kentucky..................... .
Louisiana____- _______
Maine_______________
Maryland..................... .
Massachusetts.............. .
Michigan........................
Minnesota......................
Missouri..............- .........
New Hampshire.........
New Jersey___________
New York___________ _
Ohio_______ _____ ____
Oregon____ ____ _____ _
Pennsylvania...............
Rhode Island.................
Tennessee____________
Texas............................. .
Washington__________
Wisconsin____________
22
0
0
and classified hours actually worked in one week in 8 specified occupations in foundries and 17 in machine shops, 1929,
by sex and State— Continued
Total_______________________
372
2,333
51.6
4
20
2
19
6
32
15
6
6
8
2
3
5
37
15
97
38
189
20
924
211
86
22
43
9
29
41
466
49.2
45.2
51.8
51.2
50.4
49.6
48.5
47.3
50.0
49.5
61.4
52.9
51.4
49.2
Drill-press operators, male:
Alabama
California
Colorado
Connecticut__________________
Illinois.........................................
Indiana
Kansas
TTftntiiptv
TVTftinA
Maryland
Massachusetts________ _______
2
1
2
1
2
4
3
1
4
1
1
1
5
2
8
1
5
8
1
4
1
1
9
1
2
9
5
. 1
3
3
1
1
1
10
2
1
1
4
2
60 : 24
80
75
16
73
5
1
8
3
17
8
4
1
4
40
1
9
3
1
6
141
2
1
7
2
2
6
19
17
42
1
1
1
1
3
4
1
2
2
4
7
7
1
14
6
13
2
1
3 ii 1
1
23 j1 7
2
12
3
6
3 ;
I
1i
20 1 1
1
3
1
7
1
5
3
1
2 i
7
2
10
17
1
4
18
1
5
4
3
1
3
1
5
6
11
9
1
3
1
19
2
23
1
2
1
23
7
36
Over
48
and 50
un hrs.
der
50
hrs.
14
4
3
5
11
2
2
3
2 "io ”
2
25
7
7
11
13 35
14
14
41
44
27
45
1
2
8
24 " i f "h V
2
2
10
1 ’ " 9’
2
2
1
9
5
23
2
2
9
126
196
5
4
5
2
30
6
11
4
3
12
157
286
Over
50
and 54
un hrs.
der
54
hrs.
5
2
2
1
8
20
66
1
51
15
Over
54
and 55
un hrs.
der
55
hrs.
3
6
7
18
25
2
1
1
4
11
1
2
12
2
8
18
26
1
15
2
3
Over
60
and 72 Over
un hrs. 72
hrs.
der
72
hrs.
6
1
1
9
1
2
5
6
2
12
50
18
1
46 "’ is”
2
1
12
8
65
2
76
5
1
38
1
3
8
15
1
36
284
79
43
117
222
84
297
6
1
8
1
19
7
1
19
94
10
16
1
1
1
1
3
5
2
2 .....
4
5
23
2
2
5
11
3
51
11
5
4
7
2
5
1
46
1
33
8
3
1
8
1
4
3
6
2
3
1
5
3
4 "25"
15 ” 36' 15
10
6
.....
3
” 24'
35 '219" 123 ” 37"
1
5
3
8
52 48
1
22
3
2
3
1
3
1
1
2
10
2
1
23
3
71
2
32
15
9
93
Over
55
and 60
un hrs.
der
60
hrs.
3
7
25
2
10
1
3
1
15
1
2
2
1
2
3
1
8
1
1 1
5
6 1 30
1
1
1
2
1
__ 1.....
__ I _
L
i
_ j ___
SHOPS
52.0
4a 3
51.1
50.5
52.2
49.8
51.8
53.0
54.0
50.5
48.5
47.9
45.2
54.5
Over
45
and 48
un hrs.
der
48
hrs.
MACHINE
90
27
38
4
94
167
473
12
400
48
15
5
27
163
Over
44
and 45
un hrs.
der
45
hrs.
AND
19
7
10
2
22
27
71
3
39
7
4
4
5
14
Over
32
40
and
44
un 40 and
un
der hrs. der hrs.
40
44
hrs.
hrs.
HOURS— FOUNDRIES
Boring-mill operators, male—Con.
Michigan__
__ . . . . . . . . . .
Minnesota
. ..
Missouri
. ..... ...
New Hampshire
New Jersey ____ ___ . . . . . . . . .
New Y o r k .. ....____ ___ ______
Ohio..............................................
Oregon
Pennsylvania
_______. . . . . . .
Rhode Island
.
Tennessee
Texas
"Yyashington
Wisconsin____________________
Number of employees who during one week worked—
AND
Occupation, sex, and State
Aver
age
Num Num hours
24
16
ber of ber of actu
ally Un and and
estab em
lish ploy work der un un
ed in 16 der der
ments ees
one hrs. 24 32
hrs. hrs.
week
WAGES
M ACHINE SHOPS—Continued
118
T a b l e D . —Average
Michigan________________
Minnesota_______________
Missouri_________ ____ __
New Hampshire_________
New Jersey______________
New York.___ ___________
Ohio....................................
Oregon__________________
Pennsylvania.....................
Rhode Island......................
Tennessee_______________
Texas...____ ____________
Washington_____________
Wisconsin_______________
Total................................
440
13
204
41
659
4
788
163
19
16
57
50.8
45.8
52.6
51.8
50.1
50.5
51.3
49.9
55.2
45.6
(*)
17
<*>
324
7,715
50.5
11
34
62
21
"Y
1
2
2
21
88
’T
"37"
67
3
6
17
19
4
‘If
17
17
2
6
12
24
38
8
57
3
....
~76
2
5
42
63
190
51
215
248
44
207
285
528
324 1017
573
159
10
12
51
10
‘ 27’
175
430
10
49
24
172
<9
43
21
10
I
89
11
6
14
16
(9
13
25
47
‘T
9
10
29
12
3
7
'T
1
2
~70~
56
228
2
12
27
144
46
1
14
16
121
22
3
99
49
261
1
1
12
16
117 243
397
2
2
7
49
2
79
24
(9
151
7
1
(9
48.9
49.5
45.6
51.4
49.3
51.3
49.0
51.1
45.5
51.9
49.3
50.6
47.9
46.1
52.4
356
283
17
80
35
545
936
1,786
19
899
340
367
(»)
44.6
14
259
62
260
406 ;1072
427 1007
945
54
265
101
452
2
61
773 I 105
TABLES
49.6
24
3
2
17
GENERAL
5,291
22
Fitters and bench hands, male:
Alabama..............................
California_______________
Colorado___ . ____________
Connecticut................. ......
Georgia............ ...................
Illinois............. ...................
Indiana........................... ....
Iowa___ . _____ ____ _____
Kansas...............................
Kentucky_____ ____ _____
Louisiana_______________
Maine............ ...... ..............
M aryland...................... .
Massachusetts....................
Michigan............................
Minnesota______ ______
Missouri.............................
New Hampshire.................
New Jersey........................
New Y o r k .........................
Ohio__________________
Oregon................. ........... .
Pennsylvania......................
Rhode Island......................
Tennessee..........................
Texas...................................
Washington...... ..................
Wisconsin_______________
Total__________________
74
47
278
49.9
46.5
50.4
45.5
5L3
47.3
50.5
44.3
50.9
48.9
48.0
45.3
43.2
51.6
238
47
77
30
261
417
760
27
709
114
1
I
‘ 67'
68
10
4
10
"97"
26
'32
203
1
1
" 22"
678
‘ Data included in total.
CO
Average and classified hours actually worked in one week in 8 specified occupations in foundries and 17 in machine shops, 1929,
by sex and State— Continued
50
54
Over
55
60
60
hrs.
hrs.
Over
and 60 and 72 Over
un
un
72
der hrs. der hrs. hrs.
55
54
50
hrs.
72
hrs.
hrs.
0)
11
69
Over
21
184
453
47
51
0)
0)
20
0)
23
31
235
403
19
26
18
21
76
222
429
3
3
3
36
0)
8
0)
0)
0)
14
111
313
2,888
50.2
20
27
130
115
41
111
166
267
198
18
25
483
346
13
85
64
119
243
98
209
SHOPS
225
179
MACHINE
Over
48
and 50 and 54 and
un hrs. un
un
der
der hrs. der
AND
Total........................................
0)
Over
HOURS— FOUNDRIES
Jrind rag-machine operators, male:
Alabama............................. ........
California_______ ______ ______
Colorado......... —................ ........
Connecticut........................ ........
Illinois.......................... ..............
Indiana----------- --------- -----------Iowa............................................
Kansas....... .................................
Kentucky...... .............................
Louisiana..................................
Maine........................... ..............
Maryland....................................
Massachusetts.................... ........
Michigan................................ .
Minnesota.......... ................ ........
Missouri......................................
New Hampshire.........................
New Jersey..................................
New York_____________ ______
O h io ..........................................
Oregon.................................... .
Pennsylvania.........................
Rhode Island...................... ........
Tennessee....................................
Texas-........................................
Washington................................
Wisconsin.................... ..............
during one week worked—
AND
Occupation, sex, and State
Number of employees who
Average
Num Num hours
Over
Over
Over
32
24
16
ber of ber of actu
44
40
45
ally Un and and and
estab emand
and
48
lish ploy- work der un un un 40 un 44 un 45 and
un
ed in 16 der der der hrs. der hrs. der hrs. der hrs.
ments
32
40
one hrs. 24
44
45
48
hrs. hrs. hrs.
week
hrs.
hrs.
hrs.
WAGES
MACHINE SHOPS—Continued
120
T a b l e D .—
1Data Included in total.
58
180
68
360
68
1,313
330
167
75
50
55
39
40
619
480
88
103
29
406
737
1,205
7
1,337
212
89
74
32
285
[
52.4
46.0
2
4
49.0 .. .. .
5
54.2
4
1
2
49.5
50.1
17 26
49.5
7
10
47.5
1
5
49.3
6
2
3
45.5
3
1
54.5
45.1
1
1
48.1
1
1
50.6
3
5
50.5
6
5
4
44.6
2
52.0
1
48.9
50.5
6
5
11
48.8
11
14
51.3
17
43.4
51.5 ” l3" ” i<r
53.4
5
3
47.2
4
3
48.6
48.6
2
52.6
452
8,506
50.5
3
20
2
18
5
30
13
6
5
7
3
3
5
31
27
8
14
6
29
248
28
336
38
613
90
64
34
27
16
22
39
468
316
52
128
44
50.0
45.7
5a 7
51.3
49.6
50.7
52.5
47.1
46.0
48.7
49.1
48.2
48.0
50.3
49.7
45.3
49.7
48.5
112 j|129
5
.....
1
8
1
4
3
1
6
1
1
5
6
21
7
1
1
1
1
9
5
3
3
38
14
4
5
3
1
1
2
3
6
1
1
1
5
9
16
18
35
5
5
5
5
1
2
44
6
2
5
3
7
1
69
293
65
278
1
1
1
11
13
2
8
1
1
3
2
1
2
11
1
20
2
3
.....
2
5
4
22
1
3
1
1
1
3
1
3
2
17
10
2
13
1
26
12
6
3
2
2
1
11
5
5
13
124
16
14
1
17
1
4
13
1
3
2
3
37
17
6
1
1
4
10
1
1
1
2
1
4
5
2
3
1
6
9
4
9
3
10
5
34
6
2
4
2
5
17
20
3
4
6
10
41
37
1
39
4
3
9
3
4
1
1
1
8
3
3
6
.. .. .
|
29
17
16
12
4
15
77
1
4
20 ” 28’ ” 46' ~62~ 248
4
1 8!
10
10
34
7
19
45
3
1
2
1
1
1
2
4
9
4
1
3
2
13
2
1
5
” ‘4
28 " 26" 44 16" 189
24
11
19
70
38
18
4
32
1
2
1 "~20
7
3
8
21 112
16" 56
10 84 224
40
29
25
67 99 84 148
4
94 ■40’ 61 ‘ 37_ 283
4
4
57
5
5 ” 27'
1
4
6
2
7
13
5
3
1
3
1 13
10
14
27
309
10
"s’
2
11
1
7
2
10
1
1
22
10
360
732
2
10 ” 17
2
27
2 .....
12
3
1
8
.....
2
1
10
10
2
12
13
15
17
33
30
220
84
11
2
7
8
2
5
49
66
39
73
209
1
154
34
5
5
2
391 il444 1179 348
_32"
18
20
25
17
5
48
4
'53* 132
29
3
7
19
9
1
2
2
1 '16"
54
21
74
46
4
2
36
28
2
16
3
37
53
19
49
166
111
_26~
11
74
2
2
211’
"161“
371
1
61
1
19
13
5
2
1
1
21
15
5
4
7
11
2
1
2
44
5
4
1
20
14
9
12
1
937 | 177
14
5
20
2
48
15
1
1
1
29
23
1
3
14
29
1
1
1
7
2
19
123
14
110
5
12
15
2
10
‘ 20"
4
49
3
1
7
9
6
52
2
1
1
11
13’
7
5
10
2
....
15
16
4
CO
28
7
2
110
....
....
....
TABLES
Total................. ...........
Lathe operators, engine, male:
Alabama.............................
California.......................... .
Colorado________________
Connecticut........................
Georgia.............................. .
Illinois..................... .........
Indiana...............................
Iowa.................................. .
Kansas.............................. .
Kentucky...........................
Louisiana.......................... .
Maine................................ .
Maryland.......................... .
Massachusetts....................
Michigan...................... ......
Minnesota......................... .
Missouri............. ........ .......
New Hampshire_________
5
17
2
19
7
28
16
6
8
7
3
4
5
35
31
8
12
5
26
30
82
4
48
10
7
7
5
15
GENERAL
Laborers, male:
Alabama.............. ..............
California-.........................
Colorado.........................
Connecticut........................
Georgia...............................
Illinois-..............................
Indian a............................ .
Iowa___________________
Kansas...............................
Kentucky..........................
Louisiana.................... .......
Maine__________________
Maryland........................ .
Massachusetts....................
M ichigan................ ..........
Minnesota......................... .
Missouri-.......................... .
New Hampshire.................
New Jersey_______ ______
New York...........................
O h io.................................. .
O regon...____ ______ ■____
Pennsylvania.................... .
Rhode Island.................... .
Tennessee................... .......
Texas....................... - .........
Washington.......................
Wisconsin................... .......
7
2
....
4
3
4
57
17
1
7
to
Average and classified hours actually worked in one week in 8 specified occupations in foundries and 17 in machine shops, 1929,
by sex and State— Continued
50 :
0)
117
48
164
10
556
120
36
5
23
0)
119
33
448
191
19
29
25
0)
45.8
51.6
51.7
50.7
50.4
47.6
45.5
43.0
50.1
0)
48.5
49.9
51.1
46.7
41.0
52.0
48.2
hrs.
12
44
19
67
182
0)
70
240
35
54
187
673
533
210
0)
23
30
12
92
265
490
137
483
SHOPS
5,640
72
60
hrs.
MACHINE
Lathe operators, turret, male:
Alabama....................................
California...................................
Colorado....................................
Connecticut...............................
Georgia.......................................
Illinois........................................
Indiana.—................................
Iowa......... .................................
Kansas.......................................
Kentucky—...............................
Louisiana...................................
Maine........................................
Maryland..................................
Massachusetts...........................
Michigan...................................
Minnesota___________________
Missouri________ . . . . . ______ _
New Hampshire--------------------
421
51.2
50.3
50.5
47.6
52.1
49.7
50.4
47.1
46.1
51.9
60
AND
Total.......................................
212
487
953
52
687
208
35
125
69
220
Over
55
and 60 and 72 Over
un hrs. un hrs. 72
his.
der
der
HOtTRS— FOUNDRIES
Lathe operators, engine, male—Con,
New Jersey................................
New York..................................
Ohio............................................
Oregon........................ ...............
Pennsylvania________ _____ . .
Rhode Island......................... .
Tennessee..................................
Texas__________________ ____
Washington.............................
Wisconsin______________ ____
Over
AND
Occupation, sex, and State
Number of employees who during one week worked—
Aver
age
Num Num hours
Over
Over
Over
Over
Over
Over
24
16
32
ber of ber of actu
54
44
45
50
48
40
estab em
ally Un and and and
and
and
and
and
and
54 and
55
48 un
lish ploy work der un un un 40 un 44 un
un
un
un
ments ees
ed in 16 der der der hrs. der hrs. der
der hrs. der hrs.
der hrs. der
one hrs. 24
32
40
55
54
45
50
44
48
hrs. hrs. hrs.
week
hrs.
hrs.
hrs.
hrs.
hrs.
hrs.
WAGES
M ACHINE SHOPS—Continued
122
T a b l e D .—
New Jersey_______ _____ _____
New York________ ________ —
Ohio............. ........... ...................
Oregon.........................................
Pennsylvania......................... ...
Rhode Island.................... - .......
Tennessee..................................
Texas............................... ...........
Washington....................... .......
Wisconsin_____ ______________
Total........................................
359
* Data included in total.
49.9
32
98
35
90
27
381
82
40
53
38
31
42
51
127
220
26
82
51
129
267
300
8
455
149
43
52
63
64
53.2
46.0
49.0
53.0
43.8
49.6
50.3
49.3
50.4
48.2
46.8
47.0
48.9
49.6
50.1
49.8
50.0
50.5
51.4
50.7
51.1
50.0
52.3
49.2
48.0
45.5
47.5
55.5
379
3,036
50.2
51.7
46.2
53.5
53.0
33
50
47
77
151
148
96
37
149
192
239
792
111
37
139
25
57
19
12
14
TABLES
Machinists’ and toolmakers’ help
ers, male:
Alabama.....................................
California.......................... ......
Colorado........................... .........
Connecticut......... ................
3,855
14
GENERAL
Machinists, male:
Alabama_____ ________ _____ ..
California__________________
Colorado......... ................ . .........
Connecticut_____ ____ ________
Georgia................................ .......
Illin ois.-,......_ ...................... ...
Indiana_______ ____ ________
Iowa.................. .........................
Kansas........................................
Kentucky....................................
Louisiana....................................
Maine................. .......................
Maryland....................................
Massachusetts...................... ......
Michigan— ................................
Minnesota.......... ........................
Missouri...................................
New Hampshire.........................
New Jersey...................... ..........
New York..... ........ ....................
Ohio............................................
Oregon.........................................
Pennsylvania..............................
Rhode Island...................... ......
Tennessee....................................
Texas...........................................
Washington...............................
Wisconsin_____ ______ _______
Total........................................
210
50.1
48.5
50.5
40.9
50.6
49.7
47.4
47.0
44.9
53.6
241
436
14
574
155
11
51
46
17
20
26 I 32
37
104
28 i 92
165
1
2
u
f 'T
41
152
276
230
499
129
56
92
275
49
241
31
to
GO
and classified hours actually worked in one week in 8 specified occupations in foundries and 17 in machine shops, 1929,
by sex and State— Continued
2
9
Total__ . . . . ________________
229
Milling-machine operators, male:
Alahfttna
California______ _____________
15
2
11
11
6
17
31
81
80
17
7
15
56
57
58
6
143
47
7
48
12
60
(1>,
50.1
49.4
48.6
39.6
46.7
45.3
48.3
50.5
46.4
52.0
47.4
50.7
43.9
51.1
50.0
51.7
40.7
52.4
51.7
53.6
41.6
49.2
54.9
1,006
50.0
10
49.9
44.9
62
2
3
2
1
1
1
1
2
1
4
1
1
1
1
1
2
1
I
4
3
2
1
2
1
2
1
1
1
4'
1
1
2
1
1
3
1
1
1
3
1
1
16
1
4
3
1
4
3
1
6
1
1
1
4
4
5
1
a
4
4
1
11
36
6
32
2
5
3
1
36
22
1
1
2
2
2 . 11
2
6
2
1
7
2
2
1
1
4
3
2
8
8
7
1
1
2
4
4
6
1
3 .....
6
10
9
2
13
1
1
6
2
1
6
1
13
43
45
9
5
2
9
1
2
2
4
5
0)
5
18
2
1
1
1
1
3
3
3
1
3
17
1
2
1
2
1
4
5
8
2
3
9
17
11
7
16
4
1
29
16
8
1
1
1
4
2
2
1
2
7
16
1
1
2
1
6
1
1
2
3
3
14
8
1
1
6
2
1
1
1
3
2
2
4
1
6
1
1
1
4
1
1
1
1
8
1
9
2
1
1
2
3
5
8
3
3
1 .....
7
24
4
6
1
13
10
1
1
12
106
17
70
5
1
9
17
1
1
1
80
70
168
130
24
15
8
3
2
4
1
1
3
7
9
55
2
1
2
6
1
1
7
9
16
13
1
2
2
21
2
3
7
3
5
2
3
1
1
4
12
SHOPS
6
4
72
48
15
MACHINE
2
26
5
0)
AND
Kansas
Kentucky
Louisiana
Maine
Maryland
Massachusetts
Michigan ___ . ____ ___
2^[innesota
Missouri
New Hampshire
New Jersey
New York
Ohio
Oregon
Pennsylvania_______________
Rhode Island
Tennessee
Texas
WfishiTipton
Wisconsin . . . . _ _ __ ___
1
17
15
3
5
6
3
3
3
14
15
5
3
4
16
19
19
Over
60
and 72 Over
un hrs. 72
hrs.
der
72
hrs.
HOTJRS— FOUNDRIES
Machinists’ and toolmakers’ help
ers, male—Continued.
Georgia
Illinois
Indiana
Over
55
and 60
un hrs.
der
60
hrs.
AND
Occupation, sex, and State
Number of employees who during one week worked—
Aver
age
Num Num hours
Over
Over
Over
Over
Over
Over
16 24 32
ber of ber of actu
54
44
50
45
48
40
ally Un and and and
estab em
and
and
and
and
and
and
lish ploy work der un un un 40 un 44 un 45 un 48 un 50 un 54 un 55
ed in 16 der der der hrs. der hrs. der hrs. der hrs. der hrs. der hrs. der hrs.
ments ees
one hrs. 24 .32 40
55
45
54
44
50
48
hrs. hrs. hrs.
week
hrs.
hrs.
hrs.
hrs.
hrs.
hrs.
WAGES
MACHINE SHOPS-Continued
124
T a b l e D . — Average
6— O
S—oSf-SSIt
26
194
379
55
25
3
15
(»)
27
27
402
164
22
35
33
96
481
576
10
425
175
7
45
33
112
53.7
51.4
51.1
51.6
48.5
53.2
52.6
0)
50.0
51.5
50.4
49.8
47.4
51.3
48.3
50.6
49.5
51.2
49.0
52.0
49.5
55.8
48.3
44.6
52.1
Total_______________
358
3,440
50.6
13
Pattern makers, male:
Alabama............... ........
California____ ________
Colorado_____________
Connecticut...................
Georgia_______ _______
Illinois.................. ..........
Indiana________ ______
Iowa____ _____________
Kansas_______________
Kentucky____________
Louisiana______ ______
Maine.............. ..............
Maryland......................
Massachusetts...............
Michigan........................
Minnesota____________
Missouri.........................
New Hampshire............
New Jersey___________
New York____________
Ohio................................
1
14
1
15
2
15
9
2
1
8
2
3
1
33
14
5
3
4
17
26
48
(*)
68
(i)
45.3
1
100
9
115
47
3
(!)
14
9
14
52.5
47.5
45.5
48.1
50.0
0)
48.5
53.5
50.0
(i)
49.1
49.2
46.0
56.9
50.5
49.2
47.8
48.4
1Data included in total.
0)
C1)
174
39
21
5
6
66
173
230
0)
1
t
3
5
1
2
4
1
5
9
3
1
2
1
2
1
1
6
2
10
2
1
4
1
3
8
5
8
2
1
2
5
3
1
2
4
12
8
1
3
18
16
?
15
4
3
7
15
1
2
1
1
20
1
3
3
1
3
2
10
9
1
1
2
2
20
8
10
9
21
5
7
2
1
3
1
.. .. . .. .. .
6
1
1
1
1
3
2
6
3
5
38
43
117
16
115
91
2
2
2
1
1
33
18
1
3
3
3
2
14
1
1
2
3
6
2
2
1
13
2
4
5
3
11
2
7
14
2
3
12
7
1
1
4
~‘ io"
2
1
28
13
8
2
19
5
1
1
4
38
10
5
64
36
15
202
65
"2 7 '
5
3
48
1
2
2
4
3
1
11
.. .. .
1
7-
4
7
1
2
1
1
4
1
1
5
2
4
2
7
8
1
1
10
2
1
6
5
1
24
4
1
6
4
42
80
5
1
2
2
1
7
8
2
26
18
5
6
""16"
1
15
12
1
18
2
2
21
.....
.. .. .
18
3
10
.. .. .
14
20
96
4
1
1
4
«
1
7
1
2
3
4
1
5
18
22
5
2
46
8
2
2
1
5
1
1
7
38
53
1
” 23_ ’ '77' ” 18" ” 34’
1
4
1
2
2
1
6
2
1
2
472
407
97
61
150
334
110
275
2
27
1
1
1
8
9
10
23
9
2
4
7
1
17
3
2
2
11
3
18
23
3
12
6
22
2
1
2
2
4
1
8
(i)
62
8
3
(i)
5
9
1
4
16
29
37
1
11
(i)
4
2
26
1
7
52
26
25
17
23
C1)
14
2
13
5
19
38
1
..
238
438
1
6
1
2
6
33
1
1
19
(i)
3
7
10
12
3
2
1
2
0)
3
16
63
1
42
56
1
2
1
22
27
6
230
0)
.. .. .
42
28
5
2
10
121
2
4
3
4
69
10
7
1
2
1
3
45
1
3
1
1
3
9
1
23 " i r
12 46
1
6
3
18 ’ 16"
4
28
19
20
65
55
2
12
10
3
1
12
11
10
2
2
2
4
4
15
83
9
19
8
2
1
16
26
68
10
19
2
2
0)
1
2
10
29
5
3
1
5
3
2
Q)
1
4
31
10
1
3
8
2
3
4
7
6
1
5
11
2
1
3
2
1
1
4
6
2
9
3
2
1
2
15
8
TABLES
2
17
26
14
2
3
5
1
3
4
32
27
6
9
4
20
28
64
4
37
7
4
3
4
15
GENERAL
Colorado_____ _____ —
Connecticut____ - _____
Illinois............................
Indiana-------------. -------Iowa-------------------------Kansas............................
Kentucky...... ................
Louisiana.......................
Maine......... ....................
Maryland------ -----------Massachusetts................
Michigan.____ ________
Minnesota____________
Missouri.........................
New Hampshire______
New Jersey.....................
New York____________
Ohio................................
Oregon...........................
Pennsylvania.................
Rhode Island_________
Tennessee____ ________
Texas.................... .........
Washington_____ _____
Wisconsin____________
1
5
13
to
Oi
and classified hours actually worked in one week in 8 specified occupations in foundries and 17 in machine shops, 1929,
by sex and State— Continued
"Washington
Wisconsin
_____
Total ......... ............................
1
288
1,652
49.3
16
3
13
6
27
49.6
46.3
0)
53.6
50.8
51.3
51.5
41.5
53.4
49. 6
1
16
3
24
12
4
5
6
1
3
3
33
20
8
6
3
23
21
66
0)
190
3
171
36
10
7
13
020
)
14
208
98
12
25
14
85
155
463
0)
2
1
1
3
2
8
4
1
4
13
2
1
3
16
1
17
52
1
2
1
0)
1
29
64
79
15
9
2
3
1
2
2
1
2
1
1
2
5
1
5
9
1
(0
1
1
2
1
2
1
1
2
5
2
7
2
2
3
1
5
1
7
1
1
2
9
7
11
1
1
1
2
5
3~
5
7
13
6
3
48
129
142
135
3
2
3
3
2
2
2
2
7
23
2
10
2
1
1
6
1
15
2
3
1
2
9
16
13
1
2
6
7
4
3
2
12
1
2
1
3
1
3
6
6
4
20
9
2
1
4
21
26
12
2
37
29
Over
50
and 54
un hrs.
der
54
hrs.
46
32
1
0
28
5
1
6
8
Over
54
and 55
un hrs.
der
55
hrs.
12
34
1
10
8
3
1
1
6
8
34
Over
55
and 60
un hrs.
der
60
hrs.
24
1
1
Over
60
and 72 Over
un hrs. 72
hrs.
der
72
hrs.
48
98
1
3
3
18
1
14
325 1 231
35
24
74
99
8
114
1
3
1
23
2
28
6
19
10
41
23
2
1
0
13
5
2
1
3
1
21
5
7
1
14
4
44
11
1
1
4
5
1
54
29
3
3
16
3
2
2
2
9
9
23
15
8
60 | 61
13
2
4
1
1
1
2
32
1
4
14
7
13
3
1
1
3
10
4
1
1
2
1
2
5
12
4
1
9
7
1
1
18
1
1
10
1
0)
51.1
46. 6
49.9
50.4
48.9
51.0
50.0
51.8
49.8
51.5
1
2
Over
48
and 50
un hrs.
der
50
hrs.
2
1
4
9
5
2
2
1
1
8
12
66
6
5
11
3
17
9
1
4
15
15
57
1
1
1
SHOPS
44.8
52.5
44.2
51.8
47.9
43.6
Over
45
and 48
un hrs.
der
48
hrs.
MACHINE
Missouri
New Hampshire
New Jersey
____
New York
Ohio.............................................
4
283
48
16
0)
15
177
Over
44
and 45
un hrs.
der
45
hrs.
AND
Planer operators, male:
Alabama
California
Colorado
Connecticut____ __ ___________
Georgia
___ Illinois
.............................
Indiana
- __ ___ __ _______
Iowa
Kansas
- - -Kentuck y
Louisiana
Maine
Maryland
Massachusetts __ - ___________
Michigan
___ _
M!innesota
2
32
8
8
1
3
10
Over
32
40
and
44
un 40 and
der hrs. un
der hrs.
40
44
hrs.
hrs.
H O U R S — FOUNDRIES
Pattern makers, male—Continued.
Oregon
___ _
Pennsylvania
-----_
Rhode Island
Tennessee
Number of employees who during one week worked—
AND
Occupation, sex, and State
Aver
age
Num Num hours
16 24
ber of ber of actu
estab em
ally Un and and
lish ploy work der un un
ed in 16 der der
ments ees
one hrs. 24 32
hrs. hrs.
week
WAGES
MACHINE SHOPS-Continued
126
T a b l e D . — Average
Oregon..............
Pennsylvania..
Rhode Island..
Texas............
Washington.
W is co n sin Total______________________
15
1
63.7
60.5
48.8
47.2
45.1
53.2
51.3
22
7
11
4
31
74
17
47.8
48.0
49.7
46.6
1
1
18
11
1
4
16
38
10
7
155
43.2
49.9
49.2
42.8
46.1
264
63
115
2
55.0
48.4
49.5
49.6
48.9
60.0
51.8
966
49.4
(9
51
15
70
48
101
46.5
54.1
48.0
56.2
52.5
49.9
53.6
46.9
<l)
159
110
14
22
2
102
189
26
3
44
.....
27
18
344
216
1
15
15
6
4
11
230
11
2
12
13
1
5
28
14
5
13
1
21
15
11
1
(9
(9
(9
(9
(9
2
.....
5
7
40
29
12
(9
<9
(9
50.2
2
108
83
3
9
29
13
...
1
1
1
1,963
<9
7
(9
1
4
1
11
16
43
(9
5 ” io" 14
14
1
(9
1
"’ is" 39
32
44
.....
li
10
10
12
12
5
21
1
65
27
3
16
4
1
23
2
2
.....
38
34
56
90
(9
118
177
'"l5"
113
1
7
24
8
1
12
10
2
'io ’
17
18
TABLES
Screw-machine operators, semiautomatic, male:
Alabama______________
Connecticut___________
Georgia............................
Indiana......................... .
Kentucky______ ______
Massachusetts_________
Michigan_____________
New Jersey____________
New York_____________
Ohio................................
Pennsylvania__________
Rhode Island__________
47.6
344
Wisconsin-.
Total..
230
37
6
6
24
GENERAL
Screw-machine operators, hand,
male:
California.................. .................
Connecticut_________________
Illinois____ __________________
Indiana........................................
Kansas......... . . ...........................
Kentucky...................................
Maine............ —................ .........
Maryland___________________
Massachusetts............................
Michigan____________________
Minnesota...................................
Missouri......................................
New Hampshire______________
New Jersey__________________
New York___________________
Ohio.............................................
Pennsylvania..............................
Rhode Island________________
4
7
3
3
5
10
63
(9
(9
13
5
2
3
11
1
1
15
'<9'
1 Data included in total.
to
D.— Average and classified hours actually worked in one week in 8 specified occupations in foundries and 17 in machine shops, 1929,
by sex and State— Continued
Over
60
and 72 Over
un hrs. 72
hrs.
der
72
hrs.
8crew-machine
operators, semi
automatic, male—Continued.
T*6nnesse8
Texas___________ . . . . . . . ______
Total
Screw - machine operators, auto
matic, male:
Alahama
New Jersey
New York
Ohio
Pennsylvania
Rhode Island
Tennessee________ . . . . . . ______
Texas____ ______ ____________
1
2
x
5
16
7
2
4
2
1
13
11
1
3
2
4
13
24
14
5
2
1
52.3
0)
171
49.9
0 )4
45.6
(9
51.1
50.1
50.9
50.3
52.5
51.8
57
79
fl.
52.4
0 )5
50.0
49.0
53.3
52.8
50.2
51.2
49.3
55.0
(9
2
34
46
202
49
33
(9
4
2
1
5
(9
(9
13
80
49
15
23
8
10
2
7
1
1
4
3
2
1
2
2
2
1
1
1
1
4
1
1
2
1
1
1
2
1
1
1
1
6
6
1
1
6
(9
1
2
3
1
2
2
18
8
23
1
3
4 " 'l 6 ‘
13
18
1
5
<9
l
(9
9
1
4
6
1
11
1
1
5
2
1
1
11
12
11
2
(9
15
2
17
1
5
1
6
1
8
(9
1
(9
1
5
3
6
1
3
1
i
(9
<9
<9
2
<9
6
2
1
1
(9
(9
7
2
14
8
1
1
21
2
1
3
3
4
4
3
67
37
2
1
1
2
4
6
4
24
•
1
1
3
1
1
1
1
2
1
9
2
5
3
2
2
4
18
7
1
1
2
1
2
1
(9
(9
10
4
1
3
2
11
4
3
22
2
11
1
16
7
2
(9
1
4
1
(9
1
(9
4
4
2
(9
1
(9
9
5
17
1
5
2
1
5
1
(9
7
13
(9
7
6
3
9
1
(9
SHOPS
lV/n<!Qnnri
TVJp.w 7TAmn<?hirfl
41
Q
(9
MACHINE
Illinois
Indiana
Iowa
Kentucky
Maine
aryland
assachusetts
Michigan
innesota
1
AND
Dnlnrftdn
flnrmflptipiit
4
HOURS— FOUNDRIES
Over
55
and 60
un hrs.
der
60
hrs.
AND
Occupation, sex, and State
Number of employees who during one week worked—
Aver
age
Num Num hours
Over
Over
Over
Over
Over
Over
16 24 32
ber of ber of actu
54
50
48
45
44
40
ally Un and and and
estab em
and 54 and 55
and
and
and
and
lish ploy work der un un un 40 un 44 un 45 un 48 un 50 un
un
ed in 16 der der der hrs. der hrs. der hrs. der hrs. der hrs. der hrs. der hrs.
ments ees
one hrs. 24 32 40
55
54
50
48
45
44
hrs. hrs. hrs.
week
hrs.
hrs.
hrs.
hrs.
hrs.
hrs.
WAGES
M ACHINE SHOPS—Continued
128
T a b le
Washington____
Wisconsin______
0)
Total________
762
51.1
2
14
110
45.5
48.4
53.5
52.4
51.8
49.6
51.3
47.2
48.4
47.4
55.4
52.6
51.1
51.6
46.8
50.6
50.0
50.1
46.6
51.2
48.1
51.5
50.9
50.6
46.8
47.2
53.0
2,850
50.4
77
25
145
10
366
76
15
7
13
11
73
364
144
22
28
19
88
367
463
4
197
178
10
22
350
O
10
31
8
37
29
71
100
14
24
3
50
1
6
20
11
17
160
52
31
67
14
109
14
27
3
72
25
1
27
58
25
1
2
171
371
2
81
9
1
1
25
3
27
20
1
1
1
11
35
9
74
30
89
26
47
11
.....
.....
209
16
75
42
. . ..
5
14
1
4~
4
16
7
84
17
31
1
2
1
26
20
119
2
43
11
10
3
1
2
16
18
7
14
8
16
4
"34"
9
7
2
1
2
1
35
4
16"
2
2
1
4
12
49
18
11
2
1
14
4
7
50
16
'23'
14
....
15
1
15
1
13
7
9
1
12
2
6
16
1
1
1
11
50
384
66
TABLES
Total________
50.0
GENERAL
Toolmakers, male:
Alabama_______
California..____
Colorado_______
Connecticut.......
Georgia________
Illinois_________
Indiana________
I o w a ....—. ____
Kansas______ . . .
Kentucky______
Maine.................
Maryland...........
Massachusetts__
Michigan............
Minnesota_____
Missouri.............
New Hampshire.
New Jersey........
New York_____
Ohio___________
Oregon.. ............
Pennsylvania__
Rhode Island___
Tennessee...........
Texas____ _____
Washington____
Wisconsin______
<9
30
74
51
124
250
45
239
11
1 Data included in total.
to
CO
and State
4,233
26.59
3
18
11
140
30.69
40.99
1
1
4
5
4
1
4
5
2
1
2
2
1
6
6
2
1
1
11
12
2
3
1
9
3
4
18
1
22
8
31
9
1
2
28
86
208
2
3
3
3
4
13
8
1
8
1
5
2
8
4
1
1
36
15
4
4
3
1
3
14
2
5
15
12
32
It
38
17
3
27
1
16
27
56
3
9
4
16
13
50
1
63
14
18
11
3
9
22
15
38
43
12
36
28
6
14
17
3
4
3
1
2
1
77
70
19
15
9
7
26
8
151
65
22
22
8
77
59
123
8
146
56
3
5
6
42
106
37
15
1
116
17
8
49
16
11
23
7
5
17
3
1
2
1
23
54
4
2
9
24
38
39
21
490 1,099
1
3
2
$65
and
un
der
$70
$70
and
un
der
$75
$75
and
un
der
$80
$80
and
un
der
$85
$85
and $90
un and
der over
$90
1
1
4
2
2
13
6
1
4
9
35
12
7
17
2
2
3
1
2
7
13
68
89
7
28
5
63
92
88
15
173
42
5
4
43
66
6
5
2
74
54
39
102
16
51
11
15
1
5
4
3
10
40
6
47
6
30
11
11
10
3
993
660
381
159
80
31
30
4
3
13
1
3
16 1 89
15
1
1
1
3
1
4
1
1
1
3
1
____ ____ _____
SHOPS
367
Core makers, male:
Alabama__________________ ____
California_____________________
1
2
$60
$50 $55
and and and
under under under
$65
$55 $60
MACHINE
Total________________________
23 $14.87
28.76
123
44
25.11
25.53
111
12.74
50
29.16
449
26.35
170
24.29
103
19.23
37
22.13
15
16.98
39
24.78
44
43
22.01
24.78
346
401
28.71
46
24.38
71
24.58
19
23.80
28.84
293
334
30.18
365
24.88
26
24.58
26.84
593
149
25.08
60
13.71
30
16.97
32
27.69
217 31.18
$45
$35 $40
$30
and and and and
under under under under
$45
$35
$50
$40
AND
3
18
3
15
7
26
16
9
9
6
3
4
7
26
32
6
15
5
14
24
38
5
39
8
5
5
7
12
$5
$10 $15 $20 $25
Un
and and and and
der and under
under under under
$5 under
$30
$10 $15 $20 $25
HOTJRS— FOUNDRIES
Chippers and rough grinders, male:
___
___ _
Alabama
California______ __ ___________
Colorado _____ ___________
Connecticut __ _ _ _____
G eorgia__ ______
___ _ _
Illinois___________ ______ ___
Indiana__ _____________ _______
Iowa___ _______ ________ _______
Kansas_________ _______ _______
Kentucky._______________ ___ _
Louisiana_____ . _______________
Maine___________________ _____
Maryland_______ ________ _____
Massachusetts___________ ____
Michigan_______ ___ __ ____ __
Minnesota_______ . ___________
Missouri__________ _____ ______
New Hampshire________ ______
New Jersey______________ _____
New York___ ________________
Ohio_____________ _________ ___
Oregon_______ ___ ______ __ __
Pennsylvania____ . ______ ______
Rhode Island____ ________ _____
Tennessee____________ ______ _
Texas____ _____ __ ______ ___ __
Washington____________ . . . . . . . .
Wisconsin____
Number of employees whose earnings in one week were—
AND
Occupation, sex, and State
Aver
Num Num
age
ber of ber of actual
earn
estab em
lish ployees ings in
one
ments
week
WAGES
FOUNDRIES
130
T able E*— Average and classified actual earnings in one week in 8 specified occupations in foundries and 17 in machine shops, 1929f by sex
22
114
33
331
177
88
19
12
9
13
43
169
344
41
66
8
128
282
393
15
522
87
34
23
24
222
37.38
34.92
20.94
35.28
34.50
35.00
29.25
30.42
37.39
21.78
29.78
37.06
33.38
28.28
34.93
28.88
39.91
35.26
38.18
32.22
33.52
33.45
26.10
24.52
35.46
35.32
Total. ................... .....
387
3,370
34.95
Core makers, female:
Georgia..................... .
Illinois....... ....................
Indiana.........................
K entucky....................
Massachusetts..............
Michigan.......................
New Jersey...................
New Y ork........... ..........
Ohio...............................
Pennsylvania................
Rhode Island_________
Wisconsin......................
1
4
2
2
1
10
3
5
1
2
3
4
0)
Total..........................
Laborers, male:
Alabama............ ...........
California.............. ........
Colorado........................
Connecticut............ ......
Georgia..........................
* Data included in total.
24
22
3
70
35
51
(9
17.11
20.89
21.43
(0
13.45
20.77
20.73
38
280
19.51
4
18
3
16
8
64
295
55
481
157
14.45
28.45
20.62
24.31
13.63
1
1
5
3
6
1
1
1
11
1
1
1
2
7
S
1
7
4
5
13
6
6
2
12
5
36
25
16
3
3
3
38
2
49
54
24
6
7
1
11
41
2
78
31
20
4
14
3
9
14
59
2
10
3
10
35
38
2
104
15
8.
2
1
31
3
10
57
5
6
2
11
44
42
2
109
19
9
3
9
55
5
7
31
10
6
2
2
3
11
14
37
14
3
2
10
25
21
2
42
8
6
5
2
1
8
1
2
3
2
4
4
16
8
1
18
5
5
5
2
9
12
29
58
156
285
452
586
1
2
1
5
2
2
5
4
1
4
14
6
14
7
3
8
1
2
4
1
0)
18.49
22.88
19.92
10
36
WI7
i
1
,
3 !
12
17
3 .
2
3
3
1
2
6
9
5
10
3
4
(9
8
4
16
7
11
<9
(9
<9
(9
16
10
10
2
3
9
3
4
11
6
7
!
6
1
1
74
20
8
1
51
5
9
8
1
1
1
4
8
65
70
8
9
1
25
46
74
6
135
15
1
5
3
41
6
36
49
4
2
1
8
23
22
35
87
2
71
10
1
17
5
4
2
1
2
2
26
1
1
26
30
80
9
20
24
5
8
2
3
2
2
2
2
3
23
11
1
4
1
2
1
4
1
1
33
19
13
3
35
11
18
719
570
319
115
4
3
2
1
4
1
4
2
3
3
8
<9
1
8
1
6
5
21
63
62
34
18
4
1
2
1
1
9
3
8
10
7
21
5
34
24
51
82
8
18
14
66
173
154
53 — ' 11
91
5
31
26
8
3
18
10
2
15
96
65 !
8
2
1
10
6
4
3
4
1
2
1
3
1
TABLES
3
16
7
27
16
9
8
7
3
4
6
28
35
6
15
5
15
27
44
5
38
9
7
6
7
13
GENERAL
Colorado............ ..........
Connecticut...................
Georgia_______ _______
Illinois...........................
Indiana..........................
Iowa............ ..................
Kansas_______________
Kentucky......................
Louisiana.......................
Maine-----------------------Maryland......................
Massachusetts..............
Michigan.......................
Minnesota___________
Missouri....... ................
New Hampshire.........._
New Jersey....................
New York.....................
Ohio...............................
Oregon...........................
Pennsylvania...............
Rhode Island......... ......
Tennessee......................
Texas.............................
Washington............... —
Wisconsin____ _______
1
....... 1........
1
1
CO
E.— Average and classified actual earnings in one week in 8 specified occupations in foundries and 17 in machine shopsf 1929> by sex
and State— Continued
28
16
g
g
0
4
1
7
Massachusetts— ------ -----------—
26
33
0
Wisconsin.............................. .......
Molders, hand, bench, male:
384
1
17
2
16
Georgia........— ..............................
Indiana............................. .............
6
24
15
1,356
38
1,350
230
100
86
62
514
24.59
0)
0)
40.48
31.91
31. 79
27! 17
37.36
35.06
2
142
30
169
126
1
3
5
2
0)
4
14
1
3
16
35
12
3
2
9
1
g
28
5
8
26
79
14
3
2
37
5
17
62
29
17
21.02
20! 06
24] 48 " l 7 '""28" '" " 42"
18
27
12
28.41
35
59
18
24.41
1
1
2
23.64
0
20
88
23. 71
3
3
1
27! 65
47
14
8
12! 49
0
25
1
16 13
1
3
24! 83
12
2
3
27.58
10,980
71
37
156
1
1
1
301
2
1
1
1
130
109
48
26
17
54
(i)
33
89
113
22
47
g
94
72
170
5
315
312
68
20
26
4
<■>
42
206
246
32
46
4
190
231
492
20
286
422
45
31
37
9
37
16
15
128
21
253
178
47
6
172
61
37
1
5
(,)6
101
0)
286
201
3
19
114
29
4
178
196
357
5
297
11
7
11
3
2
3
3
16
7
7
6
37
9
4
1
20
3
3
5
5
1
3
51
20
7
1
2
1
2
11
3
15
3
5
2
2
3
1
2
1
2
1
1
1
1
3
7
6
108
232
118
48
132
66
56
34
86
139
33
70
28
19
4
I
23
174
7
85
3
36
30
4
1
I
709
280
81
31
16
7
(9
13
44
5
41
31
12
7
1
1
29
34
38
29
37
19
30
14
6
2
1
1
2
1
5
10
1
0)
40
2
725 1,645 3,129 2,502 1,394
1
1
2
77
37
16
20
10
20
13
4
8
2
1
2
1
2
2
$70
and
un
der
$75
$75
and
un
der
$80
$80
and
un
der
$85
$85
and $90
un and
der over
$90
1
1
1
1
2
1
1
1
SHOPS
Total...........................................
7
13
1,000
11
$65
and
un
der
$70
MACHINE
7
5
493
1,147
114
169
17
723
$26 61
22.30
23! 85
19* 01
18* 01
14* 56
0)
20.56
23.68
26! 84
20! 46
$60
$55
$45
$50
$35
$30
$25
$40
$15 $20
and and and and and and and and and and
under
under
under
under
under
under
under under under under
$20 $25 $30 $35 $40 $45 $50 $55 $60 $65
AND
15
A
D
14
27
44
5
38
g
1,067
865
247
63
57
106
$10
$5
Un and
and
der under under
$5
$10 $15
H O U R S — FOUNDRIES
Laborers, male—Continued.
Number of employees whose earnings in one week were—
AND
Occupation, sex, and State
Aver
Num Num
age
ber of ber of actual
earn
estab em
ings in
lish
ments ployees one
week
WAGES
FOUNDRIES—Continued
132
T able
Total...........................
1Data included in total
4
2
4
5
25
34
6
7
5
14
25
32
4
26
9
3
3
4
13
321
4
18
3
16
8
28
16
9
9
7
4
4
7
28
34
16
27
40
5
37
8
7
6
42
9
7
5
2
3
1
1
3
6
18
9
2
4
2
3
21
12
15
7
84
35.74
27.29
33.21
23.19
34.37
31.74
34.56
37.30
27.18
34.14
27.98
38.52
34.32
37.77
35.33
34.37
36.29
27.12
24.17
34.13
34.21
2,098
15.12
207
33
286
54
438
347
129
54
51
52
46
81
312
435
62
146
37
246
370
657
32
708
131
74
55
33.86
41.40
40.51
36.21
31.71
39.90
33.98
35.14
32.67
31.69
35.67
30.99
34.94
40.24
37.38
31.16
34.78
32.17
41.43
38.72
40.41
38.25
37.01
37.79
31.02
31.30
20
19
209
268
26
31
24
88
199
142
13
250
88
11
3
3
2
3
2
3
18
2
2
15
19
8
4
9
6
30
9
1
32
10
1
3
3
4
77
58
1
1
1
14
35
36
7
48
17
10
3
37
46
3
1
1
21
19
23
2
56
11
16
1
2
22
62
5
2
9
12
53
14
2
47
24
5
3
4
27
12
10
2
3
5
2
169
243
409
446
366
217
58
15
2
2
13
3
4
23
6
18
51
6
8
12
8
22
11
15
35
14
23
3
12
29
38
1
78
17
14
9
12
118
9
36
3
97
61
21
7
1
2
38
5
10
2
26
4
2
108 ’ “ 34"
42
6
4
1
2
2
3
2
3
4
38
15*
32
22
1
1
48
1
26
5
3
5
1
6
10
4
21
20
4
7
8
3
8
8
10
7
7
18
6
12
39
49
6
2
5
fi
2
11
25
7
1
100
75
21
11
47
82
57
70
36
51
11
14
21
6
12
16
3
13 " " 26'
27
116
105
105
24
6
16
17
16
14
15
59
64
68
57
155
3
18
143
165
36
22
31
4
21
9
10
1
5
2
19
65
76
6
8
2
54
70
100
9
107
16
11
3
2
1
1
1
6
26
1
8
12
2
5
5
3
5
2
14
24
22
34
4
3
4
3
15
11
7
3
1
.. .. ..
61
69
138
1
93
10
3
3
1
2
1
1
2
2
1
12
11
4
1
1
5
1
7
4
1
1
1
4
1
2
1
1
9
13
2
1
9
5
TABLES
Molders, hand, floor, male:
Alabama........................
California____ ________
Colorado............ ...........
Connecticut..................
Georgia..........................
Illinois...........................
Indiana......... ................
Iowa..............................
Kansas...........................
Kentucky............ ..........
Louisiana.......................
Maine........ ....................
Maryland......................
Massachusetts...............
Michigan...... ................
Minnesota.....................
Missouri.......................
New Hampshire______
New Jersey....................
New York...... ...............
Ohio......... .....................
Oregon.......... ................
Pennsylvania...... ..........
Rhode Island...... ..........
Tennessee......................
Texas......... ...................
0
6
GENERAL
Iowa____ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Kansas_______________
Kentucky____________
Louisiana.....................
M a in e ..____ _________
Maryland......................
Massachusetts------------Michigan............. .........
Minnesota..................—
Missouri........................
New Hampshire______
New Jersey................
New York____________
O h io .............................
Oregon...........................
Pennsylvania_________
Rhode Island...............
Tennessee......................
T exas............................
Washington............ ......
Wisconsin____________
1
1
3
5
2
2
1
1
11
20
62
9
5
16
6
5
21
1
6
6
32
4
18
10
3
6
1
1
1
1
1
1
E.— Average and classified actual earnings in one week in 8 specified occupations in foundries and 17 in machine shops, 1929, by sex
and State— Continued
Total______________________
37.75
0)
0)
32.38
31.81
32.19
30.87
35.87
33.26
32.17
30.17
24.15
22.28
0)
29.94
34.66
31.38
25.05
32.95
29.54
36.98
35.64
36.78
0)
32.83
35.30
23.90
26.73
31.62
20
22
118
18
387
244
89
17
16
3
0)
39
284
566
34
44
10
180
434
427
0)
413
176
7
12
11
18
54
1
55
9
1
20
4
9
1
1
1
1
6
20
6
13
40
4
1
5
34
81
11
4
2
2
2
8
6
1
5
10
6
19
12
12
21
24
1
1
2
6
3
1
2
7
4
42
13
2
1
2
1
1
2
1
1
2
2
1
1
4
956 1,195
979
817
264
115
68
25
9
0)
0)
2
7
1
1
1
2
0)
4
10
10
2
2
0)
1
0)
11
512
268
1
2
3
3
2
30
114
3
3
2
1
1
13
67
7
32
2
5
15
3
26
22
6
3
6
1
1
12
50
3
7
1
2
11
50
7
2
2
1
5
7
1
$80
and
un
der
$85
4
7
16
3
43
59
13
3
4
1
(i)
5
55
92
8
8
7
22
42
54
106
33
4
2
3
13
44
7
33
3
69
48
15
6
2
(l)
10
43
119
5
17
2
37
95
52
0)
111
26
3
4
3
1
23
3
77
32
20
3
1
0)
3
3
9
3
84
27
9
1
(l)
4
50
78
3
5
1
26
96
97
8
29
52
1
1
24
84
83
86
44
28
20
3
2
1
” 35~
22
6
(0
1
13
14
2
0)
17
32
7
3
1
2
3
0)
15
17
7
4
33
36
46
11
20
25
6
5
10
7
13
8
12
3
4
5
4
1
5
3
1
2
3
1
1
7
1
1
SHOPS
5,453
1
2
1
$85
and $90
un and
der over
$90
$75
and
un
der
$80
$70
and
un
der
$75
MACHINE
385
$36.85
40.52
$65
and
un
der
$70
AND
Molders, machine, male:
Alabama.....................................
California....... ............................
Colorado....................................
Connecticut................................
Georgia........... ............................
Illinois____________ __________
Indiana.— ........................... .
Iowa_....... ..................................
Kansas.......................................
Kentucky....... ............................
Louisiana......... ..........................
Maine_______________________
Maryland..... .......................... .
Massachusetts_____________ _
Michigan-----------------------------Minnesota___________________
Missouri__________ ________
New Hampshire...... ..................
New Jersey------------- ------------New York..................................
Ohio............................................
Oregon........................................
Pennsylvania.............................
Rhode Island.............................
Tennessee............ - ................ —
Texas_______________________
Washington_____. . . ____ _____
308
$25
$45
$60
$10 $15 $20
$35
$40
$50 $55
$5
$30
Un and
and and and and and and and and and and and
der under under
under
under
under under
under
under under
under under under
$5
$65
$30
$60
$35
$50 $55
$10 $15 $20 $25
$40 $45
HOTJRS— FOUNDRIES
Molders, hand, floor, male—Contd,
Washington................................
Wisconsin_________ ___ ______
Number of employees whose earnings in one week were—
AND
Occupation, sex, and State
Aver
Num
age
ber of Num actual
of earn
estab ber
em
lish
ings in
ments ployees one
week
WAGES
FOUNDRIES—Continued
134
T able
255
249
3,854
34.12
3
13
3
11
4
12
14
4
2
5
1
3
3
15
26
5
9
3
14
20
20
4
32
5
4
4
6
6
12
75
40
83
23
76
103
30
3
9
0)
26
18
79
196
32
88
9
169
143
195
24
294
37
19
17
30
84
17.87
28.64
24.94
22.08
11.69
28.44
22.54
19.24
21.95
17.39
0)
16.76
17.88
23.85
25.56
17.91
25.10
20.48
27.37
31.26
21.69
24.09
24.11
23.56
15.21
20.92
22.61
24.77
251
1,919
24.36
3
10
3
5
6
22
9
6
6
1
1
1
6
8
10
32
20
12
12
149
54
17
8
34.93
48.78
39.55
32.10
39.38
37.91
46.39
35.99
46.72
(i)
(i)
(i)
37.09
34.35
Molders’ helpers, floor, male:
Alabama.............................
California_______________
Colorado________ _______
Connecticut------------------Georgia------------------------Illinois_________________
Indiana..............................
Iowa________.----------------Kansas............ ...................
Kentucky...........................
Louisiana...........................
Maine_________ _____ —
Maryland......................
Massachusetts...................
Michigan...... .....................
Minnesota_____ _____ —
Missouri.......................—
New Hampshire_________
New Jersey...... ........... —
New York......... ................
Ohio.................................. .
Oregon................................
Pennsylvania___________
Rhode Island___________
Tennessee_______________
Texas .................................
Washington_____________
Wisconsin______________
Total.
Pattern makers, male:
Alabama.................
California....... .......
Colorado_________
Connecticut______
Georgia...................
Illinois____ _______
Indiana__________
Iowa_____________
Kansas...................
Kentucky________
Louisiana......... ......
Maine___________
Maryland------------Massachusetts.......
1 Data included in total.
0)
24
124
17
36.20 (
169
26
1
15
2
5
3
8
1
5
19
2
4
17
17
1
1
11
8
17
19
12
1
6
"T
2
16
2
3
1
18
8
43
1
37
10
11
7
6
5
40
357
3
755
12
28
13
44
1
12
11
29
6
2
3
0)
8
3
8
14
5
47
27
78
13
97
9
1
5
6
31
566
1
12
1
"is"
13
28
1
1
14
8
13
101
43
18
33
3
6
2
2
3
5
1
3
45
15
2
4
7
1
1
15
24
39
23
"
22"
6
1
20
2
0)
______
1
11
6
33
1
11
-(f)4
22
16
156
7
12
470
22
22
286
26’
5
2
"
2
20
52
"47"
1
45
20
28
6
90
10
44
516
60
23
21
5
5
10
"28"
22
2
46
710
W
0)
11
(,)«
8
TABLES
11
Total—
GENERAL
Wisconsin-
10
1
CO
Oi
Average and classified actual earnings in one week in 8 specified occupations in foundries and 17 in machine shopsf 1929, by sex
and State—Continued
1
$45.29
34.34
46.02
39.25
102
41.49
41.14
103
70
45.86
42.15
7
38.54
110
0)
0)
42.42
31.63
46.55
16
38.83
35
151
6
33
4
191
1,127
40.69
1
4
3
1
3
3
4
12
15
1
1
11
7
2
1
5
2
4
2
12
V/
1
25
0)
1
2
10
0)
i
2
5
33
110
135
2
1
10
2
2
24
2
2
1
20
29
9
2
13
0)
1
1
26
1
10
2
15
31
15
4
11
$70
and
un
der
$75
$75
and
un
der
$80
$80
and
un
der
$85
4
1
1
2
4
3
1
2 .......
1
1
5
10
9
6
3
16
8
2
4
1
1
8
10
4
28
10
5
14
44
15
17
1
16
3
4
1
1
87
45
19
12
lZ
1
2
7
1
1
7
6
230
220
204
MACHINE
MACHINE SHOPS
0)
124
C)
138
13
888
391
101
59
47
(0
40
0)
$34.88
0)
39.45
19.16
34.69
26.76
27.46
18.61
20.94
0)
28.21
1
VV
2
3
3
1
1
4A
4
t1
0c
1
1
10
*11
11
a
O
A
%
2
V/4
3
7
97
Z
i
07
o(
3
23
1A
10
(U
\
i
V)
1
V/
15
4
DO
197
lot
21
20
10
0)
V
.)
14
(i)
10
\)
13
luO
/O
46
g
14
\/
12
28
(l)
24
1
144
51
25
67
9
1
3
19
13
18
15
6
6
2
349
34
4
83
22
1
33
11
19
2
7
4
2
1
(i)
4
1
1
3
2
2
SHOPS
Assemblers, male:
Alabama------California----Colorado____
Connecticut..
Georgia-------Illinois______
Indiana_____
Iowa________
Kansas______
Kentucky___
Louisiana____
Maine___ . . . .
$85
and $90
un and
der over
$90
$65
and
un
der
$70
AND
Total_____________________
$60
$50 $55
$35 $40 $45
$25
$30
$10 $15 $20
$5
Un and
and and and and and and and and and and and
der under under under under under under under under under under under under
$5
$50 $55 $60 $65
$30 $35 $40 $45
$10 $15 $20 $25
HOtJRS— FOUNDRIES
Pattern makers, male—Continued
Michigan...... .............................
Minnesota__________________
Missouri.................................. .
New Hampshire_____________
New Jersey_________________
New York__________________ _
Ohio............................................
Oregon— .................................. .
Pennsylvania.............................
Rhode Island________________
Tennessee_________ _________ _
Texas____ __________________
Washington_________________
Wisconsin-----------------------------
Number of employees whose earnings in one week were—
AND
Occupation, sex, and State
Aver
Num Num
age
ber of ber of actual
earn
estab em
lish
ings in
ments ployees one
week
WAGES
FOUNDRIES—Continued
136
T a b l e E*—
70
1,284
564
68
113
57
Maryland___________ _
Massachusetts_______ _
Michigan____ . . ______
Minnesota___________
Missouri........................
New Hampshire______
New Jersey_____ _____
New York___________
Ohio____ - ____________
Oregon...........................
Pennsylvania_________
Rhode Isla n d ..............
Tennessee____________
Texas________________
Washington__________
Wisconsin______ _____
T o ta l--.......................
i Data included in total.
7,670
32.68
16
68
0)
142
10
249
44
19
6
8
9
14
18
150
90
27
38
4
94
167
473
12
400
48
15
5
27
163
35.06
38.46
221
735
977
27
921
315
335
Boring-mill operators, male:
Alabama........................
California......................
Colorado____ _________
Connecticut__________
Georgia______________
Illinois_______________
Indiana..______ ______
Iowa....... - .....................
Kansas...........................
Kentucky..... ................
Louisiana..................—
M aine.......... - ..............
Maryland......................
Massachusetts..............
Michigan.......................
Minnesota_____ ______
Missouri........................
New Hampshire______
New Jersey....................
New York______ _____
Ohio......... - ...............—
Oregon...........................
Pennsylvania........... . . .
Rhode Island...............
Tennessee......................
Texas.............................
Washington__________
Wisconsin____ _______
Total----------------------
345
32.73
31.97
33.29
25.26
31.22
31.85
34.45
33.91
34.04
35.46
34.77
30.25
26.14
19.76
32.83
32.72
372
2,333
7
2
2
1
1
2
23
(9
39.60
22.99
40.75
35.46
31.93
29.26
33.29
28.34
25.74
37.60
36.30
36.11
33.07
36.04
34.66
42.46
38.24
39.29
44.41
39.81
31.20
32.61
27.94
38.19
41.93
27
10
1
1
3
4
5
3
2
9
25
11
17
1 __
"34"
10
6
3
5
14
1
2
3
3
17
7
3
1
1
56
(i)
2
5
40
14
15
2
7
2
2
2
1
1
119
322
1
1
4
0)
3
1
1
1
3
8
1
1
2
1
2
1
4
3
2
3
9
166
49
16
15
8
14
38
53
1
121
49
8
19
14
263
168
14
19
5
47
292
285
8
189
78
10
21
207
106
1
30
27
57
127
227
8
175
47
2
4
132
65
1
11
3
37
81
82
4
74
12
11
99
28
62
905 1,530 1,784 1,599
38
5
34
19
3
1
1
11
3
10
0)
23
3
37
10
6
1
4
4
2
3
37
28
6
6
1
23
37
91
2
73
13
6
1
2
25
96
229
459
7
1
7
4
1
1
1
7
2
11
8
3
1
2
2
12
9
10
3
1
1
6
7
4
2
2
1
49
13
1
5
2
0)
4
13
13
328
101
16
32
14
38
94
215
3
159
106
8
3
9
67
0)
9
2
16
3
7
1
1
1
5
2
23
4
9
5
1
2
13
46
5
23
32
46
16
2
2
3
1
7
25
15
3
7
1
26
57
108
4
1
69
27
2
1
2
28
12
14
42
32
1
57
10
1
4
13
22
1
34
2
3
31
1
14
669
338
4
11
0)
36
1
9
43
6
3
22
11
4
13
1
12
16
73
2
70
5
1
5
6
3
2
2
3
10
3
8
2
1
5
5
20
2
18
4
11
9
1
1
1
3
168
62
46
19
1
2
2
3
21
1
17
4
1
5
9
3
3
2
1
1
3
11
16
54
1
50
1
1
7
7
37
5
4
2
3
13
4
2
8
6
2
0)
10
40
2
2
13
9
1
2
0)
15
2
14
1
2
2
2
3
3
2
2
1
1
1
1
0)
0)
1
1
1
1
1
1
5
**
1
2
97
4
3
1
17
36
7
32
13
17
13
6
4
541
373
235
142
85
46
30
28
1
1
20
4
9
1
1
1
1
1
1
"
7
r “1
5
3
1
S
Average and classified actual earnings in one week in 8 specified occupations in foundries and 17 in machine shops, 1929, by sex
and State— Continued
138
T a b l e E .—
MACHINE SHOPS—Continued
440
5,291
$23.43
31.20
32.62
32.61
18.07
34.96
24.81
27.92
21.55
22.56
22.76
28.15
34.75
30.12
29.83
26.69
25.89
28.68
35.71
30.89
31.63
26.00
37
8
43
3
167
59
31
2
11
11
7
76
47
13
9
123
74
22
7
27
46
92
3
116
13
5
27
5
25
24.31
22.09
29.26
31.17
6
21
70
89
12
12
2
40
111
208
7
187
33
5
5
9
70
19
181
27
31
2
2
1
5
7
109
36
10
24
193
7
1
2
1
9
51
29
3
3
8
10
55
115
185
7
139
41
65
118
750 |1,282 X 148
136
5
$70
$75
$80
$70
$75
$80
$85
$85
2
103
20
2
5
9
57
24
780
431
209
124
46
21
SHOPS
22
74
47
278
$60
$65
MACHINE
41
466
238
47
77
30
261
417
760
27
709
114
$5
$5
$10
$15
$20 $25
$40
$45
$55
$60
$50
and and and $90
and and and and and and and and and and and and and and
un un un un and
under under under under under under under under under under under under un
der
der
der der der over
$15
$20
$25
$35
$10
$30
$40
$45
$50
$55
$65
AND
924
211
Un
der
HOURS— FOUNDRIES
Total—.....................
20
Number of employees whose earnings in one week were—
AND
Drill-press operators, male:
Alabama......................
California____ _______
Colorado____________
Connecticut_________
Georgia........................
Illinois....... ..................
Indiana_____________
Iowa............................
Kansas.........................
Kentucky....... .............
Louisiana....... .............
Maine..........................
Maryland....................
Massachusetts......... .
Michigan.....................
Minnesota...................
Missouri......................
New Hampshire.........
New Jersey..................
New York...................
Ohio.............................
Oregon.........................
Pennsylvania..............
Rhode Island..............
Tennessee.......... ........Texas.............. ............
Washington_________
Wisconsin___________
WAGES
Occupation, sex, and State
Aver
Num Num
age
ber of ber of actual
estab em
earn
lish
ings in
ments ployees one
week
Total_____________________
367
7,715
Grinding-machine operators, male:
Alabama....... ............................
California___________________
Colorado___________________
Connecticut________________
Illinois____ ______ ___________
Indiana......... ............................
Iowa_______________ ________
Kansas______________ _____
Kentucky___________ _____
Louisiana......... ........................
Maine_______________ ____
Maryland............ .....................
Massachusetts...... ...................
Michigan___________________
Minnesota........... ....................
Missouri___________________
New Hampshire_____ _______
New Jersey_____ _____ ______
1
12
2
18
23
14
2
1
5
1
3
3
30
25
4
9
(9
1Data included in total.
6
13
2
14
13
204
41
659
4
788
163
19
16
57
(9
17
(9
35.25
38.82
33.06
34.53
29.46
36.98
32.15
31.12
28.91
28.75
(9
21.98
(9
356
32.28
283
32.53
17
28.24
80
28.53
35
32.77
545
37.62
936
35.75
1,786
33.10
19
34.00
899
33.72
340
29.25
11
33.08
34 ' 35.11
62
35.04
324
34.49
34.19 !
(9
69
21
184
453
47
51
36.78
38.81
34.45
38.65
30.66
28.42
<9
20
(9
22.81
23
31
235
403
19
26
21
76
(9
(9
29.54
40.36
34.85 1
36.08
28.72
29.12
31.22 1
33.79 j
1
3
4
1
1
3
1
2
2
1
8
8
3
10
1
2
4
7
1
1
7
2
2
12
1
1
6
36
8
1
11
3
33
19
9
3
14
1
3
5
10
2
1
4
17
7
41
23
6
25
3
34
62
166
1
90
43
3
3
6
9
17
1
23
9
1
4
5
1
4
21
59
57"
14
1
1
1
5
1
3
21
45
106 | 235
1
1
3
6
1
2
31
9
190
3
190
47
10
2
17
<9
6
(9
(1)i
67
54
5
15
6
83
146
434
1
152
107
2
1
6
61
%
91
1
6
11
107
226
408
7
198
93
1
9
14
91
1
98
6
120
3
36
5
66
1
16
1
49
1
8
1
19
193
39
3
3
5
123
13
65
5
34
2
81
65
3
15
11
87
233
335
7
152
42
2
16
34
76
29
22
635 1,454 1,858 1,627
2
5
2
2
4
1
(9
1
(9
1
1
16
18
8
17
8
4
7
4
14
2
1
1
1
23
60
5
9
4
7
l
6
17
4
5
8
134
1
96
33
6
8
9
1
9
8
2
39
51
16
17
16
1
43
57
8
11
(9
17
6
46
107
4
5
3
4
11
5
46
57
2
4
6
7
7
59
60
8
7
11
11
2
3
47
67
2
3
3
13
12
9
2
87
123
178
94
17
1
8
5
1
7
1
13
8
5
1
1
1
2
12
8
2
6
1
1
5
38
32
108
1
63
4
1
56
23
36
1
36
18
22
17
1
1
3
16
1
1
4
420
236
107
13
3
20
101
5
1
5
5
7
57
1
2
2
3
17
2
4
26
37
4
14
28
2
14
849
(9
1
1
1
1
1
5
3
38
3
2
3
21
2
1
3
9
3
2
2
21
4
3
2
2
1
5
3
1
2
10
11
7
oZ
j
2
1
1
2
62 [ 30
2
1
1
3
4
TABLES
2
20
2
19
2
29
13
4
3
9
1
2
1
27
23
4
10
3
24
27
61
3
43
8
3
5
GENERAL
Fitters and bench hands, male:
Alabama________ ___________
California___________________
Colorado....................................
Connecticut__________ ____
Georgia____ ________________
Illinois.......................................
Indiana_____________________
Iowa--------------------------------Kansas______________ _____
Kentucky__________ ________
Louisiana................ ..................
Maine___________ . __________
Maryland____ ______________
Massachusetts........—..............
Michigan..................................
Minnesota_______ ____ ______
Missouri.............. ........... .........
New Hampshire____________
New Jersey_________________
New York__________________
Ohio________________ _______
Oregon.......................................
Pennsylvania_______________
Rhode Island_______________
Tennessee. __________ _____
Texas______ _________ _______
Washington_________________
Wisconsin__________________
1
1
5
1
1
1
2
2
2
6
4
2
1
I
1
1
6
3
5
10
31
8
2
21
2
2
1
1
1
OO
CO
E.— Average and classified actual earnings in one week in 8 specified' occupations in foundries and 17 in machine shops, 1929, by sex
and State— Continued
222
429
0
225
179
8
Texas............
Washington..
Wisconsin__
Total.
34.99
31.85
28.40
36.08
36.01
2,888
35.19
88
15.66
26.33
22.82
25.83
11.88
25.48
21.29
20.98
18.00
16.92
15.25
18.94
20.63
24.50
24.18
19.03
103
29
406
737
22.61
25.60
24.92
68
1,313
330
167
75
50
55
39
40
619
480
1
0
0
111
180
19
14
19
0
0
34
72
21
26
16
13
72
88
31
21.22
11
43
37
3
52
96
0
50
74
2
0
12
16
279
494
128
111
10
7
27
9
116
62
46
23
40
72
0
350
51
24
6
13
16
299
152
38
37
9
134
311
3
5
141
119
6
21
7
129
206
61
24
18
1
0
%
10
27
612
54
13
509
167
76
37
18
$65
$55
591
350
194
116
65
$70
$75
and and and and and
un un un un un and
der der der der der over
$70 $75 $80 $85 $90
32
150
10
8
SHOPS
0)
$50
MACHINE
Kentucky______
Louisiana_______
Maine__________
Maryland............
Massachusetts...
Michigan.............
Minnesota______
Missouri..............
New HampshireNew Jersey.........
New York______
313
14
16
$35.07
35.66
$45
and and and and
under under under under
$55
$50
$60 $65
AND
Laborers, male:
Alabama___
California___
Colorado.......
Connecticut..
Georgia.........
Illinois_____
Indiana_____
Iowa_______
0
$5
$25
$10 $15 $20
$35
$40
Un and
and and and and and and and
der under under
under
under
under
under
under
under
$5
$15 $20 $25
$45
$10
$40
$30
$35
HOURS— FOUNDRIES
Grinding-machine Operators, maleContinued.
New York___________________
Ohio____ ____________________
Oregon_______________________
Pennsylvania______________ __
Rhode Island...... ....................... .
Number of employees whose earnings in one week were—
AND
Occupation, sex, and State
Aver
Num Num
age
ber of ber of actual
earn
estab em
lish ployees ings in
one
ments
week
WAGES
MACHINE SHOPS—Continued
140
T able
9
18
19
3
6
2
2ft
1
56
5
31
25
1
2
2
Total__
452
8,506
23.66
81
136
3
20
2
18
5
30
13
6
5
7
5
31
27
8
14
5
24
29
74
6
42
9
6
6
6
14
29
248
28
336
38
613
90
64
34
27
16
22
39
468
316
52
128
44
212
487
953
52
687
208
35
125
69
220
36.53
39.26
36.48
34.56
29.57
39.07
35.25
29.49
31.50
31.37
32.87
27.91
31.46
32.89
33.78
29.84
34.23
31.53
39.38
39.08
35.49
37.73
38.13
30.54
36.18
33.13
36.29
37.50
421
5,640
36.01
1
16
2
18
4
25
0
117
48
164
10
556
120
0
35.23
33.91
35. 61
20. 71
40.20
31.15
or— os—osfrssii
Lathe operators, engine, male:
Alabama_________ ____ . . .
California________________
Colorado............ ............ ....
Connecticut....... ............. ....
Georgia__________________
Illinois___________________
Indiana___________ i______
Iowa___ __________________
Kansas__________________
Kentucky________________
Louisiana________________
Maine___________________
Maryland________________
Massachusetts___________
Michigan____ ______ _____
Minnesota__ ____________
Missouri_________________
New Hampshire__________
New Jersey______________
New York........ ...................
Ohio____________________
Oregon______ ___________
Pennsylvania................... .
Rhode Island_____ _____
Tennessee_______________
Texas. .................................
Washington______________
Wisconsin________________
Total.
Lathe operators, turret, male:
Alabama.............................
California.................... .......
Colorado________________
Connecticut_____________
Georgia____ _____________
Illinois__________________
Indiana..____ ___________
* Data included in totaL
3
3
14
1
1
2
3
3
1
47
5
60
27
1
3
1
39
36
8
18
3
6
2
4
1
9
1
1
4
1
407 1,342 3,382 1,928
747
325
104
34
16
2
2
4
29
5
100
14
95
18
28
2
10
6
3
11
142
108
16
21
22
29
120
229
6
155
59
12
25
13
54
6
105
3
72
3
161
25
5
3
2
9
39
8
43
3
113
14
1
8
1
1
1
1
17
2
21
2
14
2
3
9
1
7
4
1
1
2
63
8
28
3
20
21
6
3
1
1
1
8
8
2
6
2
3
7
1
2
1
3
2
16
29
30
1
48
8
29
21
1
16
3
12
4
1
21
1
5
2
1
6
2
1
1
1
4
1
122
2
1
1
1
5
1
1
265
1
281
51
4
2
7
77
1
2
3
2
5
5
9
4
1
3
3
3
4
3
3
11
1
54
7
64
14
19
8
12
5
11
8
114
69
13
21
8
17
32
148
1
79
53
3
16
3
28
2
55
107
328
822 1,336 1,345
1
5
3
6
3
9
0
0
2
1
3
3
2
3
1
2
3
11
1
2
5
1
2
46
5
2
6
2
8
1
2
1
524
4
548
91
8
9
16
129
24
8
21
6
7
3
1
2
3
5
43
14
6
21
3
5
10
57
2
24
22
2
21
4
7
1
20
189
1
301
18
35
26
5
22
3
2
1
2
5
6
1
2
1
10
19
1
14
13
1
3
4
8
9
7
1
15
10
9
10
23
1
44
28
0
32
4
42
1
76
24
1
6
91
33
6
29
5
58
132
211
29
176
36
9
43
38
57
0
27
8
42
1
117
36
31
35
3
12
4
40
60
112
6
80
11
5
4
3
33
1
2
23
20
6
1
22
37
94
3
50
7
1
3
2
17
3
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
1
2
1
9
3
12
1
4
1
2
3
3
2
2
2
6
5
1
1
1
1
2
2
1
4
1
680
405
229
132
78
25
14
7
5
21
6
20
8
5
15
2
3
8
1
2
155
7
57
33
21
4
2
1
1
2
1
2
1
16
2
4
TABLES
23.74
22.10
22.81
24.47
15.73
19.62
25.68
25.32
GENERAL
1,205
7
1,337
212
89
74
32
285
9
4
4
.Texas.
Washington..
Wisconsin__
82
4
48
10
7
7
5
15
Ohio_________
Oregon_______
Pennsylvania.
Rhode Island.
Average and classified actual earnings in one week in 8 specified occupations in foundries and 17 in machine shops, 1929, by sex
and State—Continued
142
T a b l e E .—
MACHINE SHOPS—Continued
0)
$25
$30
$35
$40
$45
$50
$55
$60
$65
2
4
0)
12
10
38
3
71
39
15
4
109
52
6
6
4
7
7
26
57
101
6
9
31
62
1
112
2
5
6
80
31
3
4
7
31
69
104
6
56
1
6
144
31
3
11
119
27
5
7
31
114 I 327 1 .626
32
807
8
25
41
5
9
12
37.
$85
Ti
22
12
7
12
10
262 ( 1 6 1
42
14
25
5
109
20
9
25
5
11
16
3
4
80
49
1
11
2
17
13
3
$70
$75
$80
$85
$90
1
2
83
14
SHOPS
81
$20
2
1
2
98
35
90
27
381
82
40
$80
MACHINE
15
$15
14
24.83
37.39
35. 53
31.29
27.58
29.93
32.34
39.58
34.17
35. 50
29.80
34.10
30.45
31.47
32.81
33.84
37.85
34.92
$75
AND
359
119
33
448
191
19
29
25
163
241
436
14
574
155
11
51
46
210
3,855
$10
18.31
26.05
0
$70
$55
$40
$45
$50
$25
$30
$15 $20
$5
$10
and and and and and $90
Un and
and and and and and and and and and and and un un un un un and
der under under
under under under under under under under under der der der der der over
under
under
$5
HOtTKS— FOUNDRIES
36
5
23
Number of employees whose earnings in one week were—
AND
Lathe operators, turret, male—Con.
Iowa............ ........ ........................
Kansas............ ........ .....................
Kentucky.....................................
Louisiana......... ............................
Maine.................. ....................
Maryland....... ........ .....................
Massachusetts.............................
Michigan......................................
Minnesota............................. ......
Missouri.................................... ...
New Hampshire..........................
New Jersey..................................
New York................................. .
Ohio..............................................
Oregon..........................................
Pennsylvania...... ........................
Rhode Island...........................
Tennessee.........— .......................
Texas.............. ........................ ....
Washington..................................
Wisconsin________ ____ _______
Total..........................................
Machinists, male:
Alabama.......................................
California................................ —
Colorado............ ..........................
Connecticut— ........................ . .
Georgia.................................... —
Illinois...........................................
Indiana........................................
Iowa...........................................—
Kansas........................................ Kentucky________ ____ _______
Louisiana______ . . . . . ____ . . . . . .
WAGES
Occupation, sex, and State
Aver
Num Num
age
ber of ber of actual
earn
estab em
lish
ings in
ments ployees one
week
Maine.................
Maryland.......
Massachusetts__
Michigan_______
Minnesota______
Missouri..............
New Hampshire.
New Jersey..........
New York.........
Ohio.....................
Oregon.................
Pennsylvania___
Rhode Island___
iData included in total.
1
26
82
51
129
267
300
8
455
149
43
52
63
64
379
2
11
6
17
31
81
80
17
7
15
56
57
58
6
143
47
7
48
12
60
22.80
30.10
26.78
27.30
0)
29.10
24.44
22.99
16.68
20.55
21.32
23.18
24.04
23.32
24.89
21.33
23.78
20.49
27.70
27.49
26.60
23.22
25.20
24.22
21.83
18.52
29.78
26.73
1,006
25.20
11
2
3
3
1
5
3
1
17
4
3
2
I
33
5
5
3
19
1
28
9
2
2
2
5
113
1
40
1
1
1
3
2
1
1
1
1
1
3
5
2
9
3
3
4
1
3
2
1
4
37.11
5
28
9
58
C1)
72
48
15
229
1
1
1
2
2
1
1
3
2
0)
1
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
6
1
1
3
2
1
5
3
1
6
2
7
1
2
5
3
3
9
5
14
6
3
2
1
9
19
3
1
16
1
13
15
30
=-~= •===== ■■■■■
118
12
18
43
7
22
10
34
96
86
2
101
16
11
15
28
14
771
5
12
56
4
15
5
16
37
46
3
61
12
9
11
17
13
489
1
6
3
19
1
8
2
18
1
6
2
7
5
1
3
15
6
9
3
2
1
8
7
42
27
10
4
2
11
17
16
2
58
24
4
11
2
28
20
24
1
2
3
2
3
9
20
24
14
6
3
9
2
338
=
19
15
6
23
23
50
20
44
9
3
7
25
6
25
15
29
19
58
20
81
1
58 ~"I6o’
62
36
4
5
11
6
2
5
5
12
339
714
1
5•
30
2
8
8
16
3
4
10
18
5
2
1
1
4
114
13
2
1
1
1
7
2
3
1
1
1
2
1
1
74
3
8
4
1
2
1
1
3
2
2
2
1
1
1
1
4
3
2
1
1
1
1
46
20
1
2
2
1
12
8
9
6
6
5
2
1
3
1
19
5
3
3
2
4
4
6
2
283
115
- '=
58
3~
6
21
21
14
3
29
15
1
9
5
19
1
6
5
1
14
22
25
1
40
2
3
3
6
9
251
2
1
3
6
3
4
6
1
1
3
10
TABLES
Total.
220
1
1
1
GENEBAL
Texas...........
Washington..
Wisconsin__
Total_______________________
Machinists’ and toolmakers’ helpers,
male:
Alabama____ _________________
California_____________ _______
Colorado______________________
Connecticut________ ______ ___
Georgia......... ........... ...................
Illinois______ ________ ______ _
Indiana______________ ____ ___
Iowa_____ ________________ ___
Kansas______ _________ ____ _
Kentucky____________________
Louisiana................ ........... ........
Maine___________ _____________
Maryland________ ____________
Massachusetts..................... ........
Michigan.............. ...................
Minnesota______________ _____
Missouri.....................................
New Hampshire..................... .
New Jersey...................................
New York__________ __________
Ohio..............................................
Oregon______________ _________
Pennsylvania____________ ____
Rhode Island_______ ______ ___
Tennessee____________________
Texas...................... ..... ..............
Washington............ ....................
Wisconsin____________________
42
51
127
1
1
1
2
1
1
25
=====
7
1
=====
__
!
i
CO
Average and classified actual earnings in one week in 8 specified occupations in foundries and 17 in machine shops, 1929, by sex
and State—Continued
22
35
33
96
481
676
10
425
175
7
45
33
112
358
3,440
0)
68
0)
$20
$25
$30
$35
$40
$45
$50
417
227
130
14
22
$70
$31.86
36.35
35.01
33.54
29.33
35.90
24.81
0)
0)
27.59
43.34
33.79
33.18
31. 50
30.27
32.56
39.67
37.39
35.96
41.39
35.43
29.72
34.63
22.03
33.93
36.48
35.27
0)
50.66
0)
2
7
103
51
4
9
16
18
118
115
11
1
101
41
50
2
3
4
25
11
40
104
312
558
$80
$75
$80
$85
$85
8
16
131
113
3
75
30
2
1
21
13
18
709
11
0)
0)
34
22
SHOPS
27
27
402
164
$15
$75
MACHINE
Pattern makers, male:
Alabama_________ ___ _____
California________. . . . . _____
Colorado__________________
0)
$10
$70
and and and and
un un un un and
der der der der over
AND
Total______ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
10
62
26
194
379
55
25
3
15
$65
$55
$50
$35
$45
$15
$20
$25
$30
$40
$5
$10
and
Un and
and and and and and and and and and and and un
der under under
under under under under under under under under under under der
$5
$65
$55
$60
HOUES— FOUNDRIES
Milling-machine operators, male:
Alabama__________________
California________- ________
Colorado_______. ____ . ____
Connecticut_______________
Illinois________ . __________
Indiana___________________
Iowa______________________
Kansas__________ - ________
Kentucky____. . . __________
Louisiana______. . . ________
Maine____________________
Maryland_______ _________
Massachusetts_____________
Michigan_____ ____________
Minnesota------------ -----------Missouri---------------. . . . . ____
New Hampshire___________
New Jersey__ ________ _____
New York________________
Ohio........................................
Oregon.................... —______
Pennsylvania_____ — ____
Rhode Island_____ ________
Tennessee____________ ____
Texas_____________________
Washington___. . . . . . . . __ ...
Wisconsin____. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Number of employees whose earnings in one week were—
AND
Occupation, sex, and State
Aver
age
Num Num
ber of ber of actual
earn
estab em
ings in
lish
ments ployees one
week
WAGES
MACHINE SHOPS—Continued
144
T a b l e E .—
44.54
33.80
43.36
39.01
33.11
0
33.05
43.99
31.95
0
37.76
39.15
33.91
48.25
41.49
45.45
42.03
41.99
44.49
43.34
34.47
37.30
0
45. 69
41. 57
Total............................
288
1,652
41.70
Planer operators, male:
Alabama—................... .
California_____________
Colorado..... ...................
Connecticut___________
Georgia_______ ________
Illinois________________
Indiana...........................
Iowa......... ............ ........
Kansas________ _______
Kentucky.........—...........
Louisiana........................
Maine. ...........................
Maryland...........- ...........
Massachusetts................
Michigan_________ ____
Minnesota____________
Missouri........................
New Hampshire............
New Jersey___________
New York____________
Ohio................................
Oregon..... .......................
3
13
1
16
3
24
12
4
5
6
1
3
3
33
20
8
6
3
23
21
66
3
6
27
0)
190
3
171
36
10
7
13
0
20
14
208
98
12
25
14
85
155
463
4
* Data included in total.
1
1
1
0
0
1
1
1
1
1
1
0
6
0
6
3
5
7
1
5
3
5
8
1
17
1
16
10
1
3
4
5
1
6
6
3
4
9
3
1
0
31
12
5
0)
55
10
12
5
14
14
13
32
38
1
2
2
3
1
1
16
5
3
3
3
3
2
1
3
2
22
50
55
2
38
1
1
7
12
16
1
1
7
19
1
1
1
46
9
6
46
1
1
48
23
5
4
26
49
31
82
185
347
399
1
1
4
1
10
2
7
2
1
2
3
2
18
22
4
9
(,)2
2
1
1
9
2
1
3
2
59
1
35
15
23
1
1
1
1
1
42
2
38
5
6
25
2
15
3
27
6
11
6
1
3
1
2
1
1
2
60
11
4
10
1
26
43
102
2
2
3
23
14
2
15
5
10
3
1
4
2
10
2
12
18
71
1
2
1
13
14
60
7
6
28
7
9
14
1
n
I
i
2
3
2
1
1
1
2
2
6
1
1
5
6
2
14
7
1
6
2
28
19
1
1
3
1
17
51
1
4
19
5
(,)4
48
28
4
3
6
13
37
80
5
0)
30
8
3
0
2
1
1
1
12
2
1
0
1
1
35.43
40.57
1
0
39.35
34.07
41.97
37.95
26.95
1
31.93
32.93
0
30.01 _____1_____
31.04
1
35.92
1
34.44
2
33.60
39.56
33.23
41.24
1
38.19
39.16
4
36.28
5
5
4
1
2
8 !
6
2
6
1
3
11
6
21
7
4
11
44
64
2
71
8
1
0
3
48
3
1
22
20
5
1
6
11
1
2
i
26
2
44
10
5
1
7
3
3
3
9
25
2
17
3
1
1
2
293
168
61
21
21
6
3
2
1
1
2
I
1
1
1
TABLES
100
9
115
47
3
(0
14
9
14
0)
174
39
21
5
6
66
173
230
4
283
48
16
0)
15
177
GENEKAL
15
2
15
9
2
1
8
2
3
1
33
14
5
3
4
17
26
48
2
32
8
8
1
3
10
Connecticut___________
Georgia_______________
Illinois.............................
Indiana...........................
Iowa....... - .......................
Kansas............................
Kentucky..... ..................
Louisiana— ...................
M a in e ............ - .............
Maryland.........- ............
Massachusetts_________
Michigan_______ ______
Minnesota_____ _____ —
Missouri..........................
New Hampshire—.........
New Jersey___________
New York......................
Ohio................................
Oregon............................
Pennsylvania .................
Rhode Island.... ............
Tennessee............ ...........
Texas..............................
Washington______ ____
Wisconsin......................
1
I
1
1
2
3
9
1
1
10
1
1
1
2
1
1
E*— Average and classified actual earnings in one week in 8 specified occupations in foundries and 17 in machine shops, 1929, by sex
and State— Continued
"Washington
W isconsin
Total...........................................
New Jersey
Vaw Vnrlr
Ohio
Pon nairlvo ni
Phnrlo Island
Tennessee
W iconn n
Total________________________
$41.91
34.04
34.40
34. 24
35.04
41.02
344
1,963
38. 72
3
7
11
6
1
3
1
2
18
11
2
3
1
4
16
38
10
7
2
g
4
31
74
17
(,)2
108
83
3
9
0)
29
99
264
53
115
2
58
28.09
31.88
35.55
30.07
0)
29.17
0)
30.94
34.07
38.69
29.42
26.87
0)
38. 24
32. 56
33.85
33.14
28. 66
31.20
33.87
155
966
33.42
(1>7
2
2
11
14
9
10
3
1
76
197
399
469
275
195
125
89
33
22
1
4
4
3
2
5
11
1
6
8
6
1
2
23
5
7
13
3
3
3
2
1
1
1
4
11
20
30
1
1
1
2
1
2
3
1
0)
1
1
1
1
0)
11
8
15
13
3
4
1
1
5
2
12
3
2
(,>5
31
71
13
38
2
7
29
5
4
9
3
97
68
1
13
16
°1
19
55
9
7
1
9
40
91
184
251
162
11
1
9
14
19
7
(I)X
28
41
14
36
3
4
9
1
7
1
12
8
31
16
5
4
17
5
21
1
4
3
1
1
$75
and
un
der
$80
1
7
3
4
$80
and
un
der
$85
$85
and
un
der
$90
!
$90
and
over
1
9
6
1
1
!
1
(,)4
3
1
4
7
i
4
9
1
1
18
3
1
1
20
6
42
2
10
23
$70
and
un
der
$75
39
9
2
3
15
15
8
1
23
3
$65
and
un
der
$70
27
16
3
2
5
18
2
2
$55
$50
$60
and and and
under under under
$65
$55
$60
2
2
1
i
1
2
...!
—
'i
I
1
5
3
26
2
3
1
5
2
1
1
1
2
1
23
16
3
2
!
1
....... 1........
1
____ 1........
I
7
....... |
1
i i....... ....... I........
MACHI?."', SHOPS
tsjpttt TTcimr'shirA
230
37
6
6
24
96
$45
$35
$40
$25
$30
and and and and and
under under under under under
$45
$50
$35
$40
$30
AND
Screw-machine operators, hand, male:
California
C onnecticut
Illinois
Indiana
Kansas
Kentucky
Maine
Maryland
Massachusetts
Michigan
Minnesota
39
7
3
3
5
10
$10 $15 $20
$5
Un and
and and and
der under under
under under
$5
$10 $15 $20 $25
HOURS— FOUNDRIES
Planer operators, male—Continued.
Pennsylvania
Rhode Island
Tennessee
Number of employees whose earnings in one week were—
AND
Occupation, sex, and State
Aver
Num Num
age
ber of ber of actual
earn
estab em
lish
ings in
ments ployees one
week
WAGES
MACHINE SHOPS—Continued
146
T a b le
Cerew-machine operators, semiauto
matic, male:
Alabama..______ ______________
Connecticut_____________ _____ _
Georgia.............- .......................... .
Indiana_______________ ______
Kentucky.................................... .
Massachusetts............................. .
Michigan. .....................................
New Jersey..................................
New York...... ........... - ................ .
Ohio.............................................. .
Pennsylvania............._........... .....
Rhode Island.......................... .....
0
0)
(0
24.71
26.02
30.73
29.57
40.45
35.12
36.64
34.05
(0
29.79
Total.
41
0
0
1
0 4 28.91
0
013 31.89
0
80
49
15
23
8
057
79
05
2
34
46
202
49
144
762
40.54
32.56
29.17
22.78
32.78
0
37.58
43.72
0
25.48
28.44
41.83
40.10
41.56
36.42
37.16
30.58
0
0)
37.13
38.73
1
1
2
1
0
10
1
3
2
1
3
4
3
1
9
6
2
8
2
5
7.
6
2
6
1
3
8
4
i
1
32
29
(0
0
3
8
2
6
1
2
2
6
4
29
1
3
1
1
3
1
0
1
2
1
8
1
1
2
2
1
8
4
3
0
3
9
12
5
1
2
3
2
11
6
3
2
1
3
6
0
2
2
2
6
5
10
6
3
1
1
10
3
4
1
2
8
6
11
2
3
8
4
16
1
1
4
9
1
2
2
1
9
1
2
19
9
5
1
1
2
1
1
1
1
14
7
0
1
11
8
39
14
9
1
1
4
2
2
1
1
2
0
11
24
40
83
153
4
8
8
1
3
8
1
1
3
12
8
3
7
2
1
3
2
0
1
•
0
37
3
0
1
4
19
12
1
0
5
10
4
14
38
10
11
1
0
0
1
12
3
2
0
7
4
TABLES'
Total..
32.16
2
1
1
0)
GENERAL
Ccrew-machine operators, automatic,
male:
Alabama_____________ ____ ___
California___________ _____ ___
Colorado.......................................
Connecticut............. ....................
Illinois......... ...............................
Indiana....... ............................... .
Iowa..............................................
Kentucky.....................................
Maine...........................................
Maryland.....................................
Massachusetts.............................
Michigan......... ........... ................
Minnesota___________ ________
Missouri................. .....................
New Hampshire...........................
New Jersey.................................
New York....................................
O h io ............................................
Pennsylvania...............................
Rhode Island...............................
Tennessee_____________________
Texas.............. ............ ................
Washington_____________ _____
Wisconsin_____________________
171
2
1
0<
0 0
Texas. _
1
0
3
0
9
8
6
13
0
4
3
4
5
37 * ?4
8
1
7
1
0
0
0
1
1
1
0
1
1
0
5
6
2
138
108
79
1
54
38
1
3
1
2
1
* Data included in total.
«<t
E.— Average and classified actual earnings in one week in 8 specified occupations in foundries and 17 in machine shops, 1929, by sex
and State— Continued
73
364
144
22
28
19
88
367
463
4
197
178
10
2,850
39.26
4
1
1
1
1
3
2
1
1
3
1
1
2
2
2
3
2
2
2
16
19
1
1
1
1
5
1
5
2
1
3
1
10
2
1
7
10
1
3
3
3
1
35
2
4
1
-3
34
7
6
3
1
4
11
28
1
17
31
2
1
1
5
1
3
1
12
1
2
1
28
53
204
2
1
11
3
50
10
6
2
1
13
107
20
7
2
5
7
40
70
38
66
1
4
14
480
19
6
47
3
96
28
2
7
1
17
86
29
6
11
7
26
117
131
2
64
45
5
6
9
41
811
1
22
6
32
1
104
18
4
2
2
6
63
35
7
2
34
132
95
1
30
14
2
7
3
23
646
7
5
17
2
23
8
1
1
1
13
16
21
1
1
1
10
33
53
16
11
2
2
1
13
259
1
8
2
19
5
1
10
3
1
2
4
21
5
8
2
4
3
2
11
18
12
1
8
13
5
3
9
2
2
1
4
8
48
1
1
2
9
1
6
11
6
8
4
1
1
7
3
1
76
35
185
$75 $80 $85
and and and $90
un un un and
der der der over
$80 $85 $90
1
3
1
1
1
4
1
3
1
1
1
1
1
2
1
1
19
6
5
2
3
1
SHOPS
22
14
110
38.54
40.18
41.10
38.79
34.95
40.45
39.90
39.19
40.20
2
2
$70
and
un
der
$75
MACHINE
11
$34.18
47.60
40.72
42.43
37.17
38.85
38.92
32.27
31.40
36.42
37.64
41.96
37.61
42.71
32.51
34.41
$65
and
un
der
$70
AND
Total................
2
77
25
145
10
366
76
15
7
13
$5
$25
$55
$60
$10 $15 $20
$30 $35
$40 $45
$50
Un and
and and and and and and and and and and and
der under under
under under under under under under under under under under
$5
$65
$45
$10 $15 $20 $25
$30
$35
$40
$50 $55
$60
HOURS— FOUNDRIES
Toolmakers, male:
Alabama....... .....
California______
Colorado............
Connecticut____
Georgia________
Illinois................
Indiana________
Iowa____ ______
Kansas________
Kentucky______
Maine........ ........
Maryland..........
Massachusetts. .
Michigan______
Minnesota_____
Missouri............
New Hampshire.
New Jersey........
New York_____
Ohio__________
Oregon................
Pennsylvania.._
Rhode Island__
Tennessee....... —
Texas..................
Washington____
Wisconsin______
Number of employees whose earnings in one week were—
AND
Occupation, sex, and State
Aver
age
Num Num
ber of
actual
estab ber of earn
em
lish
ings in
ments ployees one
week
WAGES
MACHINE SHOPS—Continued
148
T able
APPENDIX
DESCRIPTION OP FOUNDRY AND MACHINE-SHOP
OCCUPATIONS
FOUNDRY
Chippers and rough grinders cut or chip projecting points, fins, or
lugs from castings, using hand hammer and cold chisel or pneumatic
chisel, and smooth the rough surface by means of a rough grinding
machine.
Core makers make cores of sand and a liquid binder and possibly
other substances, using a mold or core box to shape the cores. Cores
are used to make hollows in castings.
Crane operators use power cranes for moving heavy stock, machin
ery, castings, ladles, molds, etc., about the foundry.
Cupola tenders are usually responsible for the charging and tend
the cupola in which pig iron, scrap, or steel is melted, tap or open the
cupola, and run the molten metal into ladles.
Laborers are unskilled employees who, in general, do work requir
ing little experience wherever needed. They include the following
occupations: Annealing firemen, annealers, helpers, assorters (sepa
rate castings), breakers (sprues), casting breakers, casting cutters,
casting wheelers or carriers, chain carriers, chainmen, chargers,
cleaners, churners, core carriers, core cleaners, core handlers, core
makers' helpers, core oven firemen, core oven men, core pasters, core
pilers, core wire cutters, cupola helpers, cupola laborers, dumpers,
gaggers, flaggers, flask carriers, flask cleaners, flask men, furnace
helpers, iron carriers, knockers-off, ladle cleaners, ladle pushers, metal
carriers, mill tenders (tumbler), molders ’ laborers, oven tenders’
helpers, packers (heat treating), pattern carriers, pattern cleaners,
picklers, pourers, rattler runners, rollers, sackers (castings), sand
blast helpers, sand cleaners, sand cutters (hand), sand cutters' helpers
(machine), sandmen, sand mill operators, sand mixers, sand shovelers,
sand wheelers, sand testers, scrap breakers, shakers, shifters, slag
breakers, stockers, truckers, tumblers, unloaders, washers, wire
cutters, and yardmen.
Molders make the molds for castings and often pour molten metal
from ladles into the molds. The molds are hollow impressions made
in sand or loam by packing such sand around patterns and cores.
The molder then removes the pattern and the sand retains its hollow
shape without the support of the pattern. The molds are made in
boxes or flasks. Cores are placed in the molds by the molders when
hollow castings are to be made. Figures are shown in this report for
three classes of molders, namely:
Molders, hand, bench, work at a bench making small-sized molds
by hand.
149
150
WAGES AND HOURS— FOUNDRIES AND MACHINE SHOPS
Molders, hand, floor, make by hand on the floor of the foundry molds
that are too large to be made at a bench and are not readily adaptable
to machine molding.
Molders, machine, use machines in making molds.
Molders’ helpers, floor, assist floor molders (hand) in making molds.
Pattern makers make wood or metal patterns, which are models for
making castings.
Rough carpenters make wooden flasks for molds and do general rough
repair work or assist pattern makers.
Sand blasters use a sand-blast apparatus to clean the sand and scale
from the surface of castings.
Other employees include all other skilled or semiskilled workers not
properly included in any occupation above, such as acetylene welders,
air-compressor operators, all-round men, annealers, apprentices,
assistant foremen, blacksmiths, blacksmiths’ helpers, boss core
makers, boss chippers, bricklayers, brick masons, casting inspectors,
casting markers, core setters, crane operators (hand), cupola liners,
electric-furnace operators, electricians, electric welders, enamelers,
engineers (derrick), furnace firemen, furnace tenders (coke, oil, or
electric), handy men, handy men’s helpers, inspectors, iron pourers,
ladle liners and repair men, machine molders’ helpers, machine repair
men, machinists, maintenance men, melters, melters’ helpers, messen
ger boys, metal men, millwrights, molders’ learners, oilers, order men,
oven men, packers and craters, painters, pattern chasers, pattern
keepers, pattern repair men, pattern shellackers, pattern storage men,
pattern tenders, polishers, press operators, pyrometer men, repair
men, sand cutters (machine), sand-slinger operators, sand screeners,
saw filers, scale clerks, shippers, sorters, and packers, sprue cutters,
stock keepers, stopper setters, straightening-press operators, straw
bosses, sweepers, tool repair men, tractor drivers, varnishers, water
testers, weighmen, welders, and welders’ helpers.
MACHINE SHOP
Assemblers bring together the various small parts, pieces, or units
of which a machine or engine consists and fasten them together with
bolts and nuts, screws, rivets, etc., thereby forming larger units or a
complete final unit. The distinction between assemblers and fitters
is that the assemblers do little or no filing, scraping, or other fitting.
Blacksmiths are skilled workers who make light and medium-sized
forgings, dress tools, and do general anvil work, using forge, anvil,
and hammer. Often they are required to harden hand and machine
tool bits by heating in the forge and quenching in oil, water, or other
liquid.
Blacksmiths' helpers are persons of some degree of skill who assist
blacksmiths and tool dressers in their work.
Boring-mill operators operate vertical machines known as boring
mills, horizontal boring machines, nonautomatic bullards, and
hole-hog machines.
Crane operators run overhead traveling cranes, boom power cranes,
or locomotive cranes to move heavy stock, machinery, or products.
Drill-press operators operate radial, multiple, spindle, gang, or
automatic drill presses.
DESCRIPTION OF FOUNDRY AND MACHINE-SHOP OCCUPATIONS
151
Fitters and bench hands.—Fitters do necessary chipping, filing,
scraping, reaming, and fitting of machine parts to give them proper
relation to each other and allow for correct mechanical adjustment in
connection with fitting such parts together. Bench hands work at a
bench performing similar work on parts to make them of proper shape
and measurement, but do not usually assemble the parts. The
group includes workers who perform both fitting and assembling.
Grinding-machine operators operate the many designs of grinding
machines which are usually known by the particular sort of grinding
which they are designed to do, as surface, external, internal, rough,
plain, tool, universal, cutter, etc. The group includes lappingmachine operators.
Hammersmiths set up dies and operate steam or Bradley hammers to
make forgings and are capable of shaping the forgings without the
aid of dies. The group includes drop forgers and trip hammermen.
Helpers, not otherwise specified, are certain workers who exercise
some degree of skill in assisting workers engaged in the more highly
skilled occupations, such as assemblers’ helpers, babbitters’ helpers,
boiler makers’ helpers, bricklayers’ helpers, buffers’ helpers, carpen
ters’ helpers, chain makers’ helpers, coppersmiths’ helpers, drill-press
operators’ helpers, electricians’ helpers, enamelers’ helpers, erectors’
helpers, fitters’ helpers, fianger helpers, gear-cutter operators’ helpers,
inspectors’ helpers, ironworkers’ helpers, layout men’s helpers, machine-tool operators’ helpers, millwrights’ helpers, pattern makers’
helpers, pipe fitters’ helpers, planer-operators’ helpers, plumbers’
helpers, riggers’ helpers, roll turners’ helpers, sheet-metal workers’
helpers, steamfitters’ helpers, and tinners’ helpers.
Laborers are unskilled employees who in general do work requiring
little experience wherever needed about the machine shop and yard.
They include the following occupations: Carriers, casting cleaners,
chippers (chip pullers), furnace-tenders’ helpers, heat-treaters’ helpers,
loaders, machine rubbers, machine-shop and maintenance labor, oil
extractors, packers for case hardening, painters’ helpers, pattern tend
ers’ helpers, picklers, plating-room and receiving labor, roustabouts,
sand blasters, scrap wheelers, shipping labor, stock men, stock keepers’
helpers, stock pilers, stock-room and storeroom labor, sweepers, test
ers’ helpers, tool-crib and tool-room helpers, truckers (not electric),
tumbler operators, warehouse labor, wheelers, window washers, yard
labor, and any other general or common labor.
Lathe operators, engine, operate lead screw, low swing, cam and tool
(engine) lathes, including roll-turning lathes.
Lathe operators, turret, are operators of chucking lathes and all
other turret lathes, such as monitors, Gisholts, Jones and Lamson (J.
& L.), American, Libbys, etc.
Machinists are persons who (a) repair or adjust one or more kinds of
machines used in a machine shop; (b) set one or more kinds of auto
matic or semiautomatic machines without operating them; (c) set
up and operate most of the kinds of machines usually found in ma
chine shops. Each of these three groups may also do bench wrork
or fitting. A man may have been qualified as an all-round machinist,
but if he was actually employed as a machine operator during the
pay period taken he is so classified in this study, while if required to
operate various tools he is classified as a ‘‘ machinist.” In highly
specialized shops few employees were found who could be properly
152
W AGES AND HOURS— FOUNDRIES AND MACHINE SHOPS
classed as machinists. A man who both set up and operated one
machine only, or a man who operated one or even several machines
but did not also set them up, was classed as a machine operator.
Includes machine tool repair men, machine setters and those actually
working as all-round machinists.
Machinists’ and tool makers’ helpers are persons with some degree of
skill who assist machinists and toolmakers in their work.
#Milling-machine operators operate plain, universal, horizontal, ver
tical, cam, hand, automatic, keyway, and thread mills, profilers, and
any other milling machines not specified.
Packers and craters wrap, pack, and crate materials for shipment.
They do not as a rule make the boxes or crates used in the process,
but often assemble the parts of the box or crate about the article
or object to be shipped.
Pattern makers make wood or metal patterns. These models are
sent to a foundry where they are used as forms to shape the castings.
Planer operators operate all types of planers, except milling planers
(milling-machine operators) and shapers (other precision-machine
operators).
Polishers and buffers use grinding wheels to polish metals that are to
be plated and buffing wheels to buff the plated parts.
Screw-machine operators, hand, operate hand screw machines and
are required to set the tools, chuck the work, and attend each oper
ation, stopping the machine when the operation is completed.
Screw-machine operators, semiautomatic, usually chuck each individ
ual piece of stock and start the machine. The cutting tools and
other mechanism are usually properly adjusted by a machine setter.
Several of these machines may be run simultaneously by the same
operator. Once started the machine completes an operation and
stops automatically.
Screw-machine operators, automatic, operate full automatic screw
machines, which ordinarily use bar stock and machine a large number
of small pieces without attention, and automatic lathes which ordi
narily perform multiple operations on individual pieces of stock.
These machines, like the semiautomatic screw machines, are adjusted
by a machine setter.
Sheet-metal machine operators rim various sheet-metal machines
such as bending, breaking, crimping, flanging, rolling machines, square
and round shears, and punch presses.
Toolmakers are skilled workers who make and repair cutting tools
such as reamers, milling cutters, twist drills, boring tools, facers,
also dies, jigs, gauges, and other things of like nature. In shops
where the operations in the tool room are not specialized the tool
makers operate various machines. In specialized shops some opera
tions are performed by machine operators who are not classified as
toolmakers but rather as milling-machine operators, lathe operators, etc.
Other precision-machine operators.are skilled workers who operate
broachers, bolt cutters, burring and centering machines, gear cutters
and gear generators, hobbers, keyseaters, pointing machines, shapers,
slotters, special and single purpose lathes (except roll turners) such
as facing, pulley, speed, spinning, and wristing lathes, tapping
machines, threaders, trimming machines, and other precision ma
chines not elsewhere specified.
DESCRIPTION OF FOUNDRY AND MACHINE-SHOP OCCUPATIONS
153
Other skilled occupations.—This group includes all skilled workers
not covered in other occupations. They are all put in this one
class because no one occupation includes a sufficient number to
warrant a separate tabulation. The more important occupations
in this group are as follows: Air-hammer men, annealers, armature
winders, babbitters, balancers, boilermakers, box makers, bricklayers,
burnishers, carpenters, calkers, chain makers, cleaners and fillers of
sinker heads (textile), coil winders, cold trimmers, coppersmiths,
die setters, dippers, electricians, etchers, flask makers (metal), forgingpress operators, furnace tenders, galvanizers, glazers, heaters, heat
treaters, inspectors, iron workers, japanners, lacquerers, layout men,
letterers, machine adjusters (other than machine tool), masons, mill
wright, needle-bar fillers (textile), nipple-machine operators, painters
(except casting), pipe fitter, platers, plumbers, pumpmen, riggers,
riveters, saw filers, sawyers, set-up men (other than machine tool),
sheet-metal hand workers, solderers, sprayers, stencilers, straighteners, stripers, swaging-machine operators, template makers (wood),
testers, tinners, tinsmiths, transferrers, vamishers, welders, wood
workers, and working foremen whose positions require skill as well
as judgment.
Other employees include apprentices and other workers whose duties
require little or no skill, as well as all others who are not provided
for elsewhere, such as beltmen, boltheaders, brakemen, casting paint
ers, cold-saw operators, conveyor operators, crane followers, or hitch
ers, electric truckers, elevator operators, errand boys, expeditors,
greasers, hookers-on, hydraulic-press operators, learners, markers,
messenger boys (shop), oilers, order pickers, pressmen (air), pressmen
(hydraulic), pattern shellackers, pattern storemen, pipe cutters,
power-saw men, rivet buckers, rivet heaters, rivet passers, shipping
clerks, sorters, stock keepers, stock tracers, tool chasers, tool-crib
tenders, truckers (electric), weighmen, water testers, and working
foremen whose positions require judgment rather than skill.
LIST OF BULLETINS OF THE BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS
The following is a list o f all bulletins of the Bureau of Labor Statistics published since
July, 1912, except that in the case of bulletins giving the results o f periodic surveys o f the
bureau only the latest bulletin on any one subject is here listed.
A complete list of the reports and bulletins issued prior to July, 1912, as well as the bulletins
published since that date, will be furnished on application . Bulletins marked thus (*) are
out o f print.
Conciliation and Arbitration (including strikes and lockouts).
*No. 124. Conciliation and arbitration in the building trades of Greater New York. [1913.]
♦No. 133. Report of the industrial council of the British Board of Trade on its inquiry into industrial
agreements. [1913.]
No. 139. Michigan copper district strike. [1914.]
♦No. 144. Industrial court of the cloak, suit, and skirt industry of New York City. [1914.]
♦No. 145. Conciliation, arbitration, and sanitation in the dress and waist industry of New York City,
[1914.]
♦No. 191. Collective bargaining in the anthracite-coal industry. [1916.]
♦No. 198. Collective agreements in the men’s clothing industry. [1916.]
No. 233. Operation of the industrial disputes investigation act of Canada. [1918.]
No. 255. Joint industrial councils in Great Britain. [1919.]
No. 283. History of the Shipbuilding Labor Adjustment Board, 1917 to 1919.
No. 287. National War Labor Board: History of its formation, activities, etc. [1921.
♦No. 303. Use of Federal power in settlement of railway labor disputes. [1922.]
No. 341. Trade agreement in the silk-ribbon industry of New York City. [1923.]
No. 402. Collective bargaining by actors. [1926.]
No. 468. Trade agreements, 1927.
No. 481. Joint industrial control in the book and job printing industry. [1928.]
Cooperation.
No. 313. Consumers’ cooperative societies in the United States in 1920.
No. 314. Cooperative credit societies (credit unions) in America and in foreign countries. [1922.]
No. 437. Cooperative movement in the United States in 1925 (other than agricultural).
Employment and Unemployment.
♦No. 109.
No. 172.
♦No. 183.
♦No. 195.
No. 196.
♦No. 202.
No. 206.
♦No. 227.
No. 235.
♦No. 241.
No. 247.
♦No. 310.
No. 409.
No. 520.
Statistics of unemployment and the work of employment offices in the United States. [1913.]
Unemployment in New York City, N. Y. [1915.]
Regularity of employment in the women’s ready-to-wear garment industries. [1915.]
Unemployment in the United States. [1916.]
Proceedings of the Employment Managers’ Conference held at Minneapolis, Minn., Janu
ary 19 and 20,1916.
Proceedings of the conference of Employment Managers’ Association of Boston, Mass., held
May 10,1916.
The British system of labor exchanges. [1916.]
Proceedings of the Employment Managers’ Conference, Philadelphia, Pa., April 2 and 3,1917.
Employment system of the Lake Carriers’ Association. [1918.]
Public employment offices in the United States. [1918.]
Proceedings of Employment Managers’ Conference, Rochester, N. Y., May 9-11,1918.
Industrial unemployment: A statistical study of its extent and causes. [1922.]
Unemployment in Columbus, Ohio, 1921 to 1925.
Social and economic character of unemployment in Philadelphia, April, 1929.
Foreign Labor Laws.
*No. 142. Administration of labor laws and factory inspection in certain European countries. [1914.]
No. 494. Labor legislation of Uruguay. [1929.]
No. 510. Labor legislation of Argentina. [1930.]
Housing.
♦No. 158.
No. 263.
No. 295.
No. 500.
Government aid to home owning and housing of working people in foreign countries. [1914.](
Housing by employers in the United States. [1920.]
Building operations in representative cities in 1920.
Building permits in the principal cities of the United States in [1921 to] 1928.,
(i)
Industrial Accidents and Hygiene.
♦No. 104. Lead poisoning in potteries, tile works, and porcelain enameled sanitary ware factories.
[1912.]
No. 120. Hygiene of painters’ trade. [1913.]
♦No. 127. Danger to workers from dust and fumes, and methods of protection. [1913.]
•No. 141. Lead poisoning in the smelting and refining of lead. [1914.]
♦No. 157. Industrial accident statistics. [1915.]
*No. 165. Lead poisoning in the manufacture of storage batteries. [1914.]
♦No. 179. Industrial poisons used in the rubber industry. [1915.]
No. 188. Report of British departmental committee on the danger in the use of lead in the painting
of buildings. [1916.]
♦No. 201. Report of the committee on statistics and compensation insurance cost of the International
Association of Industrial Accident Boards and Commissions. [1916.]
•No. 209. Hygiene of the printing trades. [1917.]
•No. 219. Industrial poisons used or produced in the manufacture of explosives. [1917.]
No. 221. Hours, fatigue, and health in British munition factories. [1917.]
No. 230. Industrial efficiency and fatigue in British munition factories. [1917.]
•No. 231. Mortality from respiratory diseases in dusty trades (inorganic dusts). [1918.]
•No. 234. Safety movement in the iron and steel industry, 1907 to 1917.
No. 236. Effects of the air hammer on the hands of stonecutters. [1918.]
No. 249. Industrial health and efficiency. Final report of British Health of Munition Workers*
Committee. [1919.]
No. 251. Preventable death in the cotton-manufacturing industry. [1919.]
No. 256. Accidents and accident prevention in machine building. [1919.]
No. 267. Anthrax as an occupational disease. [1920.]
No. 276. Standardization of industrial accident statistics. [1920.]
No. 280. Industrial poisoning in making coal-tar dyes and dye-intermediates. [1921.]
•No. 291. Carbon-monoxide poisoning. [1921.]
No. 293. The problem of dust phthisis in the granite-stone industry. [1922.]
No. 298. Causes and prevention of accidents in the iron and steel industry, 1910-1919.
No. 306. Occupational hazard and diagnostic signs: A guide to impairments to be looked for in haz
ardous occupations. [1922.]
No. 392. Survey of hygienic conditions in the printing trades. [1925.]
No. 405. Phosphorus necrosis in the manufacture of fireworks and in the preparation of phosphorus.
[1926.]
No. 427. Health survey of the printing trades, 1922 to 1925.
No. 428. Proceedings of the Industrial Accident Prevention Conference, held at Washington, D . C „
July 14-16, 1926.
No. 460. A new test for industrial lead poisoning. [1928.]
No. 466. Settlement for accidents to American seamen. [1928.]
No. 488. Deaths from lead poisoning, 1925-1927.
No. 490. Statistics of industrial accidents in the United States to the end of 1927*
No. 507. Causes of death by occupation. [1929.]
Industrial Relations and Labor Conditions.
No. 237. Industrial unrest in Great Britain. [1917.]
No. 340. Chinese migrations, with special reference to labor conditions. [1923.)
No. 349. Industrial relations in the West Coast lumber industry. [1923.]
No. 361. Labor relations in the Fairmont (W. Va.) bituminous-coal field. [1924.1
No. 380. Postwar labor conditions in Germany. [1925.]
No. 383. Works council movement in Germany. [1924.]
No. 384. Labor conditions in the shoe industry in Massachusetts, 1920-1924.
No. 399. Labor relations in the lace and lace-curtain industries in the United States. C1925J
lab or Laws o f the United States (including decisions o f courts relating to labor).
No. 211. Labor laws and their administration in the Pacific States. [1917.]
No. 229. Wage-payment legislation in the United States. [1917.]
No. 285. Minimum wage laws of the United States: Construction and operation. [19214
No. 321. Labor laws that have been declared unconstitutional. [1922.]
No. 322. Kansas Court of Industrial Relations. [1923.]
No. 343. Laws providing for bureaus of labor statistics, etc. [1923.]
No. 370. Labor laws of the United States, with decisions of courts relating thereto. [19264
No. 408. Laws relating to payment of wages. [1926.]
No. 486. Labor legislation of 1928.
No. 517. Decisions of courts and opinions affecting labor, 1927*1928.
TO
Proceedings of Annual Conventions of the Association of Governmental Labor Officials of the United
States and Canada. (Name changed in 1928 to Association of Governmental Officials in Industry of
the United States and Canada.)
No. 266.
No. 307.
No. 323.
•No. 352.
♦No. 389.
♦No. 411.
No. 429.
♦No. 455.
No. 480.
No. 509.
Seventh, Seattle, Wash., July 12-15,1920.
Eighth, New Orleans, La., May 2-6,1921.
Ninth, Harrisburg, Pa., May 22-26, 1922.
Tenth, Richmond, Va., May 1-4, 1923.
Eleventh, Chicago, III., May 19-23, 1924.
Twelfth, Salt Lake City, Utah, August 13-15, 1925.
Thirteenth, Columbus, Ohio, June 7-10, 1926.
Fourteenth, Paterson, N. J., May 31 to June 3, 1927.
Fifteenth, New Orleans, La., May 21-24, 1928.
Sixteenth, Toronto, Canada, June 4-7, 1929.
Proceedings of Annual Meetings of the International Association of Industrial Accident Boards and
Commissions.
No. 210.
No. 248.
No. 264.
♦No. 273.
No. 281.
No. 304.
No. 333.
♦No. 359.
No. 385.
No. 395.
No. 406.
No. 432.
♦No. 456.
No. 485.
No. 511.
Third, Columbus, Ohio, April 25-28, 1916.
Fourth, Boston, Mass., August 21-25,1917.
Fifth, Madison, Wis., September 24-27, 1918.
Sixth, Toronto, Canada, September 23-26, 1919.
Seventh, San Francisco, Calif., September 20-24, 1920.
Eighth, Chicago, 111., September 19-23, 1921.
Ninth, Baltimore, Md., October 9-13, 1922.
Tenth, St. Paul* Minn., September 24-26, 1923.
Eleventh, Halifax, Nova Scotia, August 26-28,1924.
Index to proceedings, 1914-1924.
Twelfth, Salt Lake City, Utah, August 17-20, 1925.
Thirteenth, Hartford, Conn., September 14-17, 1926.
Fourteenth, Atlanta, Ga., September 27-29,1927.
Fifteenth, Paterson, N. J., September 11-14,1928.
Sixteenth, Buffalo, N. Y ., October 8-11, 1929.
Proceedings of Annual Meetings of the International Association of Public Employment Services.
No. 192. First, Chicago, December 19 and 20,1913; second, Indianapolis, September 24 and 25,1914;
third, Detroit, July 1 and 2,1915.
No. 220. Fourth, Buffalo, N. Y., July 20 and 21,1916.
No. 311. Ninth, Buffalo, N. Y., September 7-9,1921.
No. 337. Tenth, Washington, D. C., September 11-13, 1922.
No. 355. Eleventh, Toronto, Canada, September 4-7,1923.
No. 400. Twelfth, Chicago, HI., May 19-23, 1924.
No. 414. Thirteenth, Rochester, N. Y., September 15-17,1925.
No. 478. Fifteenth, Detroit, Mich., October 25-28, 1927.
No. 501. Sixteenth, Cleveland, Ohio, September 18-21, 1928.
Productivity o f Labor.
No. 326. Productivity costs in the common-brick industry. [1924.]
No. 360. Time and labor costs in manufacturing .100 pairs of shoes, 1923.
No. 407. Labor cost of production and wages and hours of labor in the paper box-board industry.
[1926.]
No. 412. Wages, hours, and productivity in the pottery industry, 1925.
No. 441. Productivity of labor in the glass industry. [1927.]
No. 474. Productivity of labor in merchant blast furnaces. [1928.]
No. 475. Productivity of labor in newspaper printing. [1929.]
Retail Prices and Cost of living.
♦No. 121.
♦No. 130.
♦No. 164.
No. 170.
No. 357.
No. 369.
No. 495.
Sugar prices, from refiner to consumer. [1913.]
Wheat and flour prices, from farmer to consumer. [1913.]
Butter prices, from producer to consumer. [1914.]
Foreign food prices as affected by the war. [1915].
Cost of living in the United States. [1924.] *
The use of cost-of-living figures in wage adjustments. [1925.]
Retail prices, 1899 to 1927.
Safety Codes.
♦No. 331. Code of lighting: Factories, mills, and other work places.
No. 336. Safety code for the protection of industrial workers in foundries.
No. 350. Specifications of laboratory tests for approval of electric headlighting devices for motor
vehicles.
♦No. 351. Safety code for the construction, care, and use of ladders.
No. 375. Safety code for laundry machinery and operations.
115343°— 30------ 11
(in )
Safety Codes—Continued
No. 382. Code of lighting school buildings.
No. 410. Safety code for paper and pulp mills.
No. 430. Safety code for power presses and foot and hand presses.
No. 433. Safety codes for the prevention of dust explosions.
No. 436. Safety code for the use, care, and protection of abrasive wheels.
No. 447. Safety code for rubber mills and calenders.
No. 451. Safety code for forging and hot-metal stamping.
No. 463. Safety code for mechanical power-transmission apparatus—first revision.
No. 509. Textile safety code.
No. 512. Code for identification of gas-mask canisters.
No. 519. Safety code for woodworking plants, as revised 1930.
Vocational and Workers* Education.
♦No. 159. Short-unit courses for wage earners, and a factory school experiment. [1915.]
•No. 162. Vocational education survey of Richmond, Va. [1915.1
•No. 199. Vocational education survey of Minneapolis, Minn. [1917.1
No. 271. Adult working-class education in Great Britain and the United States. [1920.1
No. 459. Apprenticeship in building construction. [1928.]
Wages and Hours o f Labor.
♦No. 146. Wages and regularity of employment and standardization of piece rates in the dress and*
waist industry of New York City. [1914.]
♦No. 147. Wages and regularity of employment in the cloak, suit, and skirt industry. [1914.]
No. 161. Wages and hours of labor in the clothing and cigar industries, 1911 to 1913.
No. 163. Wages and hours of labor in the building and repairing of steam railroad cars, 1907 to 1913.
♦No. 190. Wages and hours of labor in the cotton, woolen, and silk industries, 1907 to 1914.
No. 204. Street-railway employment in the United States. [1917.]
No. 225. Wages and hours of labor in the lumber, millwork, and furniture industries, 1915.
No. 265. Industrial survey in selected industries in the United States, 1919.
No. 297. Wages and hours of labor in the petroleum industry, 1920.
No. 356. Productivity costs in the common-brick industry. [1924.]
No. 358. Wages and hours of labor in the automobile-tire industry, 1923.
No. 360. Time and labor costs in manufacturing 100 pairs of shoes, 1923.
No. 365. Wages and hours of labor in the paper and pulp industry, 1923.
No. 394. Wages and hours of labor in metalliferous mines, 1924.
No. 407. Labor costs of production and wages and hours of labor in the paper box-board industry*.
[1926.]
No. 412. Wages, hours, and productivity in the pottery industry, 1925.,
No. 416. Hours and earnings in anthracite and bituminous ccal mining, 1922 and 1924*
No. 471. Wages and hours of labor in foundries and machine shops, 1927.
No. 472. Wages and hours of labor in the slaughtering and meat-packing industry, 1927.
No. 476. Union scales of wages and hours of labor 1927. [Supplement to Bulletin 457.]
No. 484. Wages and hours of labor of common street laborers, 1928.
No. 487. Wages and hours of labor in woolen and worsted goods manufacturing, 1910 to 1928.
No. 492. Wages and hours of labor in cotton-goods manufacturing, 1910 to 1928.
No. 497. Wages and hours of labor in the lumber industry in the United States, 1928.
No. 498. Wages and hours of labor in the boot and shoe industry, 1910 to 1928.
No. 499. History of wages in the United States from colonial times to 1928.
No. 502. Wages and hours of labor in the motor-vehicles industry, 1928.
No. 503. Wages and hours of labor in the men’s clothing industry, 1911 to 1928.
No. 504. Wages and hours of labor in the hosiery and underwear industries, 1907 to 1928.
No. 513. Wages and hours of labor in the iron and steel industry, 1929.
No. 514. Pennsylvania Railroad wage data. From Report of Joint Fact Finding Committee in wag•
negotiations in 1927.
No. 515. Union scales of wages, May 15,1929.
No* 516. Hours and earnings in bituminous coal mining, 1929.
Welfare Work.
•No. 123. Employer’s welfare work. [1915TJ
No. 222. Welfare work in British munitions factories. [1917.]
•No. 250. Welfare work for employees in industrial establishments in the United States. [1919.1
No. 458. Health and recreation activities in industrial establishments, 1926.
Wholesale Prices.
No. 284. Index number of wholesale prices in the United States and foreign countries. [1921.]
No. 453. Revised index numbers of wholesale prices, 1923 to July, 1927.
No. 521. Wholesale prices, 1929.
(If)
Women and Children fn Industry.
No. 116. Hours, earnings, and duration of employment of wage-earning women in selected industries
in the District of Columbia. [1913.J
•No. 117. Prohibition of night work of young persons. [1913.]
♦No. 118. Ten-hour maximum working-day for women and young persons. [1913.]
No. 119. Working hours of women in the pea canneries of Wisconsin. [1913.]
•No. 122. Employment of women in power laundries in Milwaukee. [1913.]
•No. 160. Hours, earnings, and conditions of labor of women in Indiana mercantile establishments and
garment factories. [1914.]
•No. 167. Minimum-wage legislation in the United States and foreign countries. [1915.]
•No. 175. Summary of the report on conditions of women and child wage earners in the United States.
[1915.]
•No. 176. Effect of minimum-wage determinations in Oregon. [1915.]
•No. 180. The boot and shoe industry in Massachusetts as a vocation for women. [1915.]
•No. 182. Unemployment among women in department and other retail stores of Boston, Mass.
[1916]
No. 193. Dressmaking as a trade for women in Massachusetts. [1916.]
No. 215. industrial experience of trade-school girls in Massachusetts. [1917.]
•No. 217. Effect of workmen’s compensation laws in diminishing the necessity of industrial employ
ment of women and children. [1918.]
•No. 223. Employment of women and juveniles in Great Britain during the war. [1917.]
No. 253. Women in the lead industries. [1919.]
Workmen’s Insurance and Compensation (including laws relating thereto).
•No.
•No.
No.
No.
•No.
•No.
101.
102.
103.
107.
155.
212.
•No. 243.
No. 301.
No. 312.
No. 379.
No. 477.
No. 496.
Care of tuberculous wage earners in Germany. [1912.]
British national insurance act, 1911.
Sickness and accident insurance law in Switzerland. [1912.]
Law relating to insurance of salaried employees in Germany. [1913.]
Compensation for accidents to employees of the United States. [1914.]
Proceedings of the conference of social insurance called by the International Association of
Industrial Accident Boards and Commissions, Washington, D. C., December 5-9,1916.
Workmen’s compensation legislation in the United States and foreign countries, 1917 and
1918.
Comparison of workmen’s compensation insurance and administration. [1922.]
National health insurance in Great Britain, 1911 to 1921.
Comparison of workmen’s compensation laws of the United States as of January 1, 1925.
Public-service retirement systems, United States and Europe. [1929.]
Workmen’s compensation legislation of the United States and Canada as of January, 1929.
(With text of legislation enacted in 1927 and 1928.)
Miscellaneous series.
•No. 174. Subject index of the publications of the United States Bureau of Labor Statistics up to
May 1, 1915.
No. 208. Profit sharing in the United States. [1916.]
No. 242. Food situation in central Europe, 1917.
No. 254. International labor legislation and the society of nations. [1919.]
No. 268. Historical survey of international action affecting labor. [1920.]
No. 282. Mutual relief associations among Government employees in Washington, D. C. [1921.]
No. 299. Personal research agencies: A guide to organized research in employment management,
industrial relations, training, and working conditions. [1921.]
No. 319. The Bureau of Labor Statistics: Its history, activities, and organization. [1922.]
No. 326. Methods of procuring and computing statistical information of the Bureau of Labor Sta
tistics. T1923.]
No. 342. International Seamen's Union of America: A study of its history and problems. [1923.]
No. 346. Humanity in government. [1923.]
No. 372. Convict labor in 1923.
No. 386. Cost of American almshouses. [1925.]
No. 398. Growth of legal-aid work in the United States. [1926.]
No. 401. Family allowances in foreign countries. [1926.]
No. 461. Labor organization in Chile. [1928.]
No. 462. Park recreation areas in the United States. [1928.]
No. 465. Beneficial activities of American trade-unions. [1928.]
No. 479. Activities and functions of a State department of labor. [1928.J
No. 483. Conditions in the shoe industry in Haverhill, Mass., 1928.
No. 489. Care of aged persons in United States. [1929.1
No. 491. Handbook of labor statistics, 1929 edition.
No. 505. Directory of homes for the aged in the United States. [1929.]
No. 506. Handbook of American trade-unions: 1929 edition.
No. 518. Personnel research agencies, 1930 edition.
(V)
@FedFRASER