Full text of Wages and Hours of Labor in Cotton-Goods Manufacturing and Finishing : Wages and Hours of Labor in Cotton-Goods Manufacturing, 1924 : Bulletin of the United States Bureau of Labor Statistics, No. 371

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U. S. DEPARTMENT OF LABOR
JAMES J. DAVIS, Secretary

BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS
ETHELBERT STEWART, Commissioner

B U L L E T IN O F T H E U N IT E D S T A T E S )
B U R E A U O F L A B O R S T A T IS T IC S f
WAGES

AND

HOURS

OF

• • • •
LABOR

■No. 371
SERIES

WAGES AND HOURS OF LABOR IN
COTTON-GOODS MANUFACTURING




1924

FEBRUARY, 1925

WASHINGTON
GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE
1925




ADDITIONAL COPIES
OP THIS PUBLICATION MAY B E PROCURED FROM
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CONTENTS
Page
Introduction and summary---------------------------------------- ------------------------------1-11
Explanation of scope and method------------------------------------------------------------- 12,13
General tables___________________________________________________________________ 13-43
Table A.— Average earnings per hour and full-time earnings per week,
and average and classified full-time hours per week, 1924, b y occu­
pation, sex, and State_________________________________________________ 15-25
Table B.— Average number of days worked in pay period b y estab­
lishments and by employees, average full-time hours, average hours
worked, per cent of full time worked, average full-time earnings, and
average actual earnings, 1924, by occupation, sex, pay period, and
S tate------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 26-35
Table C.— Average and classified earnings per hour for spinners and
weavers, 1924, by sex and State------------------------------------------------------ 36, 37
Table D .— Average and classified actual hours worked in pay period
by spinners and weavers who worked on as many days as the mills
operated in pay period, 1924, by sex and State----------------------------- 38-40
Table E.— Average and classified actual earnings in pay period of
spinners and weavers who worked on as many days as the mills
operated in pay period, 1924, by sex and State_______ ______________ 41-43

c<**




hi




BULLETIN OF THE

U. S. BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS
no.

37»

WASHINGTON

Fe b r u a r y , 192s

WAGES AND HOURS OF LABOR IN COTTON-GOODS
MANUFACTURING: 1924
INTRODUCTION AND SUMMARY
During the early months of 1924 a survey of the hours of labor and
earnings in the cotton-goods manufacturing industry was made and
figures compiled b y the United States Bureau of Labor Statistics.
Data for 77,995 wage earners employed in 114 representative cotton
mills are shown in this bulletin. These mills are located in 12 dif­
ferent States. P ay periods were covered for 96 mills in January,
17 mills in February, and 1 m ill in March.
Wages have been generally increased since January 1, 1923. O f
the 114 mills canvassed only 22 reported no change in rates during
that period. A n increase of 10 per cent was made by 44 mills, 12
per cent b y 41 mills, and the other 7 mills reported increases from
5 to 15 per cent. The increases averaged approxim ately 13 per cent.
Average hourly earnings in the industry as a whole were 151 per cent
higher in 1924 than in 1913. A t the same time they were approxi­
m ately 23 per cent lower than in 1920. Table 1 shows the index
numbers o f average full-tim e hours per week, earnings per hour,
and full-tim e weeldy earnings in the industry in specified years from
1910 to 1924.
T able 1.—INDEX

NUMBERS FOR THE INDUSTRY
Index numbers of average—

Year

1910._................................
1911...................................
1912...................................
1913...................................
1914...................................
1916...................................
1918...................................
1920...................................
1922..................................
1924...................................

Full-time Earnings Full-time
earnings
per
hours
per week hour per week
102
102
100
100
98
99
97
90
91
92

88
90
99
100
103
120
179
324
222
251

90
92
99
100
101
118
176
292
205
231

Previous reports of this bureau 1 have presented wages and hours
of labor in the industry from 1890 to 1918 for both manufacturing
and finishing. Since 1918 data for finishing have not been collected.
1Nineteenth Annual Report; Bulletin No. 59. July, 1905; Bulletin No. 65, July, 1906; Bulletin No. 71,
July, 1907; Bulletin No. 77, July, 1906; Bulletin No. 128, August, 1913; Bulletin No. 150, May, 1914;
Bulletin No. 190, May, 1916; Bulletin No. 239, April, 1918; Bulletin No. 262, November, 1919; Bulletin
No. 288, September, 1921; and Bulletin No. 345, August, 1923.




1

2

WAGES AND HOURS— COTTON-GOODS MANUFACTURING

Summaries are shown for each year from 1910 to 1924, except
1915j 1917, 1919, 1921, and 1923, for which "years no data were
obtained.
Table 2 shows a summary of available, data for the principal
occupations in the years 1910 to 1924, inclusive, covering average
earnings per hour, average full-tim e earnings per week, ana average
and classified full-tim e hours per week. The classification is shown
b y percentages.
Referring to the occupation of mule spinners as illustrative of the
figures shown in the table, hourly earnings in 1910 were 21.9 cents and
gradually increased from year to year until 1930 when the high point,
82.6 cents, was reached. In 1922 the rate dropped to 63.8 cents and in
1924 increased to 74.6 cents per hour.
Average full-tim e hours per week of mule spinners in 1910 were
57, and decreased from year to year until in 1920 they reached the
low point of 48.9. In 1922 the average was 50 and in 1924 they had
dropped again to 49.1.
The classified horns for the same occupation shows that 53 per
cent of the employees in 1910 worked over 54 and under 57 hours per
week and the remaining 47 per cent worked longer hours. In 1920,
85 per cent worked only 48 hours per week and 15 per cent worked 54
hours.
The other, occupations ay be studied in a similar manner.
TAB1E 2.—SUMMARY OF EARNINGS AND HOURS IN THE UNITED STATES,

PATION AND SEX, IN SPECIFIED YEARS, 1910 TO 1924

Num­ Num­
ber ber of
of em­
Occupation, sex, and year estab­
lish­ ploy­
ments ees
Picker tenders:
Male________1920..
19221924Card tendersandstrippers:
Male................... 192019221924Card grinders:
Male................... 192019221924Drawing-frame tenders:
Main__,_____ 191n__
19111912..
1913..
1914..
.1916..
191819201922..
1924..
Femalfl.—_____ 1910..
1911..
1912..
1913—
1914..
1916—
19181920.
19221924Less than 1per cent



93
95
114
96
96
114
92
94
111
56
84
84
82
76
82
84
75
79
96
27
45
45
32
32
43
55
52
49
55

919
777
1,048
1,156
1,096
1,367
355
332
418
436
750
723
624660
681
515
567
552
762
359
502
525
594
574
660
818
693
623
653

Aver­
age
full­
time
hours
per
week

BY OCCU­

Per cent of employees whose full-time
hours per week were1Aver­ Aver­
age
age full­
earn­ time
Over 57
Over
ings weekly
54
48
per earn­ Un­ 48 and .54 and and
60 Over
hour ings der
un­ un­
un­
60
der der
der
48
6
0
54
57

52.3 $0,436
53.1 .305
53.6 .331
52.9 .471
53.5 .325
53.6 .356
52.5 .590
52.9 .424
52.9 .470
59.5 .096
59.5 .097
57.9 .108
58.0 .109
57.9 .116
58.4 .126
57.3 .199
54.1 .427
53.8 .270
54.9 .295
58.2 .090
57.8 .095
57.0 .110
56.7 .115
55.5 .118
55.6 .136
54.8 .209
50.5 .371
51.5 .276
6L3 .311

$22.80
16.20
17.74
24.92
17.39
19.08
30.98
22.43
24.86
5.70
5.73
6.22
6.31
6.66
7.32
11.37
23.10
14.53
16.20
5.20
5.46
6.23
6.50
6.51
7.53
11.40
18.74
14.21
15.95

45 1 8
25 4 18
(0 23 0) 17
<0 38 1 7
22 3 19
22 1 16
41 0) 9
30 4 14
30 0) 18

8
2 15
2 12
e> 6

1
(1)
4
2
1

27
26
28
19
25
3 6
7 4
1 8

36
40
43
40
75
67 0) 9
49 3 26
22
52

33
49
52
41
50
55
40
49
48
33
28
5
6
6
7
3
65
71
76
38
34
2
2
32
32
4
12
17
24

1 11
—- 4
7
3 11
—— 6
6
0) 9
4
— 3
12 25
17 31
17 48
12 55
5 60
5 69
63
—II 9
3
— —
— 9
39 16
51 11
44 16
45 14
11 14
13 14
18
10
__ 5
3

<*)
0)
"<»)
29
23
2
1
1
1
2
(»)
8
4
2

3

INTRODUCTION AND SUMMARY
TABLE

2.—SUMMARY OF EARNINGS AND HOURS IN THE UNITED STATES, BY
OCCUPATION AND SEX, IN SPECIFIED YEARS, 1910 TO 1924—Continued

Num­ Num­
ber ber of
of em­
Occupation, sex, and year estab­
lish­ ploy­
ments ees

Slubber tenders:
__
MnlA

191B_ 100
1918— 103
1920- 92
1922- 92
1924- 112
13
1918— 17
1920— 11
1922— 15
1924— 9
Speeder tenders:
MtfA
1910
32
1911— 62
1912.. 62
1913— 61
1914— 58
1916— 95
1918— 98
1920- 87
1922.. 90
1924.. 109
EemalA
_ 1910
57
1911— 82
1912.. 82
1913— 79
1914.. 79
1916- 95
1918.. 100
1920.. 82
1922.. 89
1924.. 105
Spinners, mule:
M aIa
1010
14
1911.. 16
1912.. 16
1913.. 16
1914— 14
1916.. 17
1918— 17
1920.. 14
1922.. n
1924..
8
Spinners, frame:
IUaIa
1910
36
1911.. 46
1912- 49
1913.. 49
1914.. 38
1916.. 41
1918— 53
1920.. 34
1922.. 49
1924.. 64
Female______ 1910— 59
1911— 88
1912.. 88
1913- 90
1914- 90
1916- 104
1918-. 105
1920- 95
1922.. 96
1924.. 114
Doflers:
Male................... 1916.. 99
1918.. 102
1920„ 89
1922.. 91
1924-1 109
i Less than 1per cent.




834
766
695
689
859
60
74
52
73
37
426
623
666
745
799
1,739
l' 478
1,506
1,745
2,177
1,175
1,753
1,784
1,946
2,001
2,986
3,214
2,476
2,372
2,703
222
288
266
258
245
334
303
253
220
186
261
700
564
530
483
489
383
345
547
906
3,704
5,981
6,364
6,762
6,906
7,706
7,752
6,330
6,634
8,314
3,206
2,857
2,717
2,716
3,133

Aver­
age
full­
time
hours
per
week

Per cent of employees whose full-time
hours per week were—
AverAver­ age
age full­
earn­ time
Over
Over 57
54
48
ings weekly Un­
per earn­ der 48 and 54 and and
60 Over
un­ un­
un­
60
hour ings 48
der der
der
6
0
54
57

57.5
56.7
53.0
53.5
53.5
54.2
54.1
49.0
50.1
50.8
61.4
61.2
59.7
59.8
59.3
58.5
58.2
54.2
54.1
54.3
57.8
57.9
56.6
56.5
55.8
55.6
55.0
50.2
51.0
51.2
57.0
56.8
55.7
55.6
54.9
54.7
54.3
48.9
50.0
49.1
57.2
57.2
56.7
56.9
54.7
56.6
54.3
50.7
53.4
53.2
59.0
59.1
58.0
57.8
56.9
57.2
56.1
51.8
52.6
53.1
57.6
56.1
53.1
53.5
54.0

$0,192
.307
.551
.390
.421
.188
.257
.499
.388
.448
.131
.135
.142
.145
.153
.174
.265
.533
.358
.394
.133
.136
.149
.153
.155
.188
.277
.486
.369
.411
.219
.255
.279
.281
.291
.345
.487
.826
.638
.746
9
.120
.126
.144
.143
.150
.164
.248
.475
.292
.369
.108
.111
.124
.128
.132
.149
.233
.427
.301
.319
.139
.231
.453
.302
.334

$11.21
17.22
29.20
20.87
22.52
10.18
13.89
24.45
19.44
22.76
8.03
8.24
8.47
8.72
9.04
10.13
15.28
28.89
19.37
21.39
7.68
7.86
8.42
8.61
8.61
10.38
15.10
24.40
18.82
21.04
12.50
14.44
15.48
15.58
15.95
18.85
26.40
40.39
31.90
36.63
6.83
7.18
8.14
8.07
8.19
9.21
13.48
24.08
13.59
19.63
6.33
6.51
6.98
7.33
7.45
&24
12.89
22.12
15.83
16.94
8.15
12.87
24.05
16.16
18.04

i
m

36 I
22 3
24 0)
79
60
46

0
0
0

6
10
11

20
16 2
15 ....

(1)
0

0)
69
8 54
52
0

0

1

3
1

85
68
83

3
14*
12 48
11 13
0 32

(l)
0)5
6
3
1
1
12
8
4
0

2
1

42
30
26

__

I

2
1
0

25
19 2
18 0

24 19 10 47
53 2
43
7 44 II— 11
17 53 __ 6
14 58
5
95 2 3
95 4
1
15
25 5
41 3
64
3 76
0
8
2 87
5
1 93
11
1
1 87
15 11 3 71
28 3
69
4 62 IIII 13
6 70 __ 6
8 69 —
8
51 27 14
46 31 15
44 6 30 18
46 5 31 18
50 19 10 21
51 23 11 16
79 5 _____ 15
12 13 ___ 4
22 19 __! 2
23 21
3
53 43 4
62 35 3
44 24 32
47 23 29
67 15 18
20 69 12
75 25
15
21 11
3 13
61 20 17
57 33 7
42
48 8
38 3 35 22
44 34 4 16
47 11 3 39
58 3
25
5 31 IIII 4
11 50 —_ 13
49 — 12 0
35 17 29
27 27 30
27 3 26 41
28 3 26 41
33 20 5 42
29 18 7 45
54 2 0 38
8 35
8
16 46
3
16 53 __ 4
19 13 4 61
34 2 0 51
4 51
12
6 63 __ 5
8 67 — a

1
1

36
21
3
1
0
0

....
8
8
2
1
0
0
0
0

2
3
2
1

6
18
16
3
2
0
0

0

1
1
1

0

0

4

WAGES AND HOUBS----COTTON-GOODS MANUFACTURING

' Less than 1per cent.




INTRODUCTION AND SUMMARY
T able

2.— SUMMARY

OF EARNINGS AND HOURS IN THE UNITED STATES, BY
OCCUPATION AND SEX, IN SPECIFIED YEARS, 1910 TO 1924—Concluded

Num­ Num­
ber ber of
of em­
Occupation, sex, and :year estab­
lish­ ploy­
ments ees
Loom fixers:

1910 .
1911 _
1912..
1913—
1914—
19161918—
1920..
1922..
1924..
Weavers:
.1910..
Male1911—
1912—
19131914 .
19161918
19201922„
19241910—
1911—
1912—
1913—
1914 _
19161918 .
192019221924Trimmers or inspectors:
Male____
1920—
1922..
1924..
Female1910..
1911..
1912..
19131914—
1916—
1918—
1920„
19221924..
Other employees:
Male____
1914..
19161918192019221924..
1914..
Female..
19161918192019221924..
Male___

59 1,267
88 2,200
88 2,290
90 2'370
90 2^491
102 2,776
103 2,709
93 2,366
95 2,456
114 2,962
58 5,334
88 8' 855
88 9'775
89 9,485
89 9,755
100 10,279
103 8,301
93 6,077
95 7,410
114 9,024
59 6,334
88 10,792
88 10,998
89 11,236
89 11,188
101 11,546
103 10,993
92 7,681
95 7,644
114 8,493
22
76
28
78
36 158
46 408
75 712
77 708
77 687
74 720
83 971
87 1,175
76 1,045
78 1,056
92 1,602
88 29,861
105 27,395
106 25,740
96 13,336
97 14,991
114 20,578
88 12,143
101 5,913
102 6,350
94 4,685
96 4,421
110 5,092

Aver­
age
full­
time
hours
per
week

Per cent of employees whose full-time
hours per week were—
Aver­ Aver­
age
age full­
Over 57
Over
earn­ time
54
48
ings weekly Un­
per earn­ der 48 and 54 and and
un­ 60 Over
un­ der
un­
hour ings 48
60
der 60
der
54
57

58.7
58.6
57.7
57.6
56.8
56.8
56.4
52.2
52.9
52.9
58.8
58.6
57.5
57.6
56.8
56.7
56.2
51.8
52.6
52.8
57.8
57.9
56.9
56.7
55.8
55.7
55.4
50.3
51.6
51.8
53.4
54.3
55.3
58.3
58.7
57.7
57.9
57.2
56.7
55.6
51.6
52.5
52.7
57.5
57.7
56.8
52.6
53.9
53.7
56.3
55.7
54.4
51.1
51.8
51.9

$0,200 $11.64
.203 11.80
.224 12.84
.227 12.96
.233 13.09
.270 15.17
.391 21.79
.685 35.76
.500 26.45
.553 29.25
.151 8.83
.156 9.08
.169 9.67
.170 9.73
.176 9.93
.205 11.54
.301 16.78
.573 29.68
.389 20.44
.449 23.71
.147 8.47
.148 8.54
.163 9.26
.164 9.30
.167 9.30
.201 11.12
.285 15.62
.528 26.56
.380 19.59
.429 22.22
.426 22.75
.251 13.63
.304 16.81
.099 5.78
.103 6.02
.112 6.41
.111 6.39
.113 6.41
.129 7.25
.186 10.29
.333 17.18
.246 12.92
.268 14.12
.151 8.59
.176 10.05
.270 15.18
.419 22.04
.289 15.58
.347 18.63
.123 6.89
.140 7.82
.224 12.06
.322 16.45
.244 12.64
.292 15.15

46
(0 32
32

25
27
33
33
60
1 8
4 13
1 15
.............

"(i)‘
0)
1
0) 47 0)
1 35 2
(*) 33 0)

30
29
34
36
58
7
10
12

35
39
0)
43
0) ____ 0) 44
1
73
1 66 1 10
1 46 3 22
0) 44 1 20
1
25
12
8
10
5

2
3
3
1
0)
1
1
4
6
3
1
1
3
10
12
6
3

45
34
31

1
1
1

0)
T1)" 0)
33 1
24 2
24 1
0)

0)
W
42 1
32
38

5
1

29
27
33
33
64
16
20
20
26
25
51
8
12
14
38
39
66
5
16
22

42 18
33 30
8 31
8 29
24 6
23 7
3 (!)
37
42 W
49
41 13
35 27
8 24
6 23
20 4
•19 7
4 0)
41
48 __
51 —
51 26
39 41
6 41
5 39
29 7
30 7
3
19
26 ____
33 —
74
81
77 ____
39 25
32 28
3 27
5 26
11 14
17 17
4
30
41 __
45 —
24 5
22 7
3 0)
42 0)
48 0)
53 0)
24 7
30 5
2 __
28 __
37 __
32 —

23
25
34
34
36
35
34
8
6
4
27
25
37
41
41
39
37
4
5
3
13
13
17
17
21
19
23
4
3
2

17
12
2
2
1
2
4
1
1
0)
19
13
1
1
ft)
(0

0)

1
9
7
1
1
(i)
0)

8
9
27
29 11
38
2
39
4
42
1
30
1
30
6
3
1
2
41
3
41
4
4
37
1
10
3
6
2
4
31 0)
23
21 0)
11
4
4

1Less than 1 per cent.

In Table 3 the average earnings per hour and a classification of
employees, in percentage form, b y hourly rates, are shownfor male mule
spinners, female frame spinners, and both male and female weavers for
all available years from 1910 to 1924. These occupations are prob­
ably the most typical in the industry and have been selected as ex­
amples to show the spread of individual hourly earnings.
106526°— 25f----- 2




T able 3.—SUMMARY OF AVERAGE AND CLASSIFIED EARNINGS PER HOUR FOR SPINNERS AND WEAVERS IN THE UNITED STATES, BY SEX,
IN SPECIFIED YEARS, 1910 TO 1924

Spinners, mule:
Male:...........................1910—
191119121913191419161918192019221924Spinners, frame:
Female..........................1910..
191119121913191419161918192019221924Weavers:
Male____ ________1910..
1911..
1912191319141916..
1918192019221924..




14
16
16
16
14
17
17
14
11
8
59
88
88
90
90
104
105
95
96
114
58
88
88
89
89
100
103
93
95
114

222 $0,219
288 .255
266 .279
258 .281
245 .291
334 .345
303 .487
253 .826
220 .638
186 .746
3,704 .108 40
35
5,981 .111
6,364 .124 21
6,762 .128 20
6,906 .132 18
7,706 .149 17
1
7,752 .233
6,330 .427 (*)
1
6,634 .301
1
8,314 .319
5
5,334 .151
4
8,855 .156
3
9,775 .169
3
9,485 .170
3
9,755 .176
10,279 .205 0
8,301 .301 0
6,077 .573
7,410 .389 0
9,024 .449 0

«
0

1
2

1
0

5
2
2
3
2

19
11
8
5
7
0

63 »12
51 133
36 155
33 158
27 164
6 29
1
1
0

23
26
23
22
21
13
3
0
1
2
16
12
9
10
7
4
0
0
0

3
23 11
3
25 11
7
21 25
18 25 10
17 24 14
13 10 12
8
9
5
1
0
0
W2 W3
4
4
3
3
21 21 17
19 22 19
15 16 19
14 15 18
12 15 17
8 11
12
1
2
3
0
0
1
vv 0
0
0
0

0
0
U3
4
5
21
9
1
8
6
10
13
16
16
16
12
4
0
2
1

(2)
01
W
1
1
12
20
4
19
18
9
11
19
21
25
29
18
(2)
9
5

37
18
0

827

39
1
23
13

26 <15
11
12 28
26 12 - 15
19
8
5

0
0
1 0
28 16
1 0
10 23 29 24
1
13 28 19
7
15 19 23
U
11
13
13
15
18
4 0
1
22 36 11
1
9 20 29
14 30 26 13
9 26 24 21

13
18
28

1

0

0

0

0
25
4
11

11
0
3

0
0

5

15
6
24

0
0

6 0

0

' 0
0

3

i5
4

1

0
0

0
(2)
0

0
0

WAGES AND HOURS— COTTON-GOODS MANUFACTURING

Occupation, sex, and year

Per cent of employees whose earnings per hour were—
Num­ Num­ Average
ber of
10 12 14 16 18 20 25 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 $1 $1.10
of earn­
estab­ ber
and and and and and and and and and and and and and cents and
em­ ings Un­
and $1.25
lish­ ployees
der under
and
under under under under under under under under under under under under and under under
per
10
ments
12
14
under
over
16
18
25
3
0
4
0
50
6
0
8
0
9
0
2
0
70
hour cents
cents cents cents cents cents cents cents cents cents cents cents cents cents $1 $1.10 $1.25

Female.

.1910..
1911..
1912..
1913..
1914..
1916..
1918..
1920..
1922..
1924..

59
88
88
89
89
101
103
92
95
114

6,334
10,792
10,998
11,236
11,188
11,546
10,993
7,681
7,644
8,493

.147
.148
.163
.164
.167
.201
.285
.528
.380
.429

6 19 22
5 16 22
3 10 15
3 10 15
3 10 13
5
7
(2)
2
1
(2)
(2) (0 (2)
(2) (2) (2)
(2) (2) (2)




20
11

4

(2)

1
1

8
10

16
16
16
15
5
(2)

2

1

4
6
15
16
19
36
17
1
9
6

2
37
12
32
24

®
6
26
31
27

(2) CO
6
31 20
1 (2)
10
22
1
7

8

(2)
(2)
(2)

(2)
<2)

(2)

INTRODUCTION AND SUMMARY

1 Classified in former bulletins as “ 25 cents and over.”
2Less than 1 per cent.
2Classified in former bulletins as “ 40cents and over.”
4Classified in former bulletins as “60cents and over.”
* Less than 1 per cent and classified in former bulletins as “40cents and over.”
9Less than 1 per cent and classified in former bulletins as “60cents and over.”

15
18

20
20

-a

8

WAGES AND HOURS----COTTON-GOODS MANUFACTURING

Index numbers have been computed for full-time horns per week,
full-time weekly earnings, and earnings per hour for all occupations
for which data are available 1910 to 1924, inclusive, and are shown
in Table 4. These index numbers are based on the averages shown
in Table 1 and are percentages in which the figures for 1913 are used
as the base, or 100 pes cent; that is, the index number for each year
is the per cent that the average for that year is of the average for
1913.
The figures for 1913 are used as the base in order to bring into
direct comparison the earlier and later years with the year imme­
diately preceding the beginning of the World War.
The figures for the industry as a whole have been shown in Table 1.
T able 4.—INDEX NUMBERS OF AVERAGE FULL-TIME HOURS PER WEEK, EARN­

INGS PER HOUR, AND FULL-TIME WEEKLY EARNINGS, BY OCCUPATION AND
SEX, IN SPECIFIED YEARS, 1910 TO 1924
Index numbers
of average—

Occupation, sex, and year

Drawing-frame tenders:
Male............. ....1910..
191119121913191419161918192019221924-

Full­ Earn­
time
hours ings
per
per
week hour

Index numbers
of average—

Full­
time
earn­
ings
per
week

103
103
100
100
100
101
99
93
93
95

88
89
99
100
106
116
183
392
248
271

90
91
99
100
106
116
180
366
230
257

Female................1910..
19ll„
19121913191419161918192019221924Speeder tenders:
Male................ -1910191119121913191419161918192019221924-

‘ 103
102
101
100
98
98
97
89
91
90

78
83
96
100
103
118
182
323
2*0
271

80
84
96
100
100
116
175
288
219
245

103
102
100
100
99
98
97
91
90
91

90
93
98
100
106
120
183
368
247
272

92
94
97
100
104
116
175
331
222
245

Female................ 1910—
191119121913191419161918192019221924-

102
102
100
100
99
98
97
89
90
91

87
89
97
100
101
123
181
318
241
269

89
91
98
100
101
121
175
283
219
244




Occupation, sex, and year

Spinners, mule:
Male................... 191019111912191319141916—
1918192019221924„
Spinners, frame:
Male...................1910191119121913191419161918192019221924Female................1910..
191119121913191419161918192019221924Slasher tenders:
Male-.................. 191019111912191319141916191819201922..
1924-

Full­ Earn­ Full­
time
time
earn­
hours ings
per
ings
per
per
week hour week
103
102
100
100
99
98
98
88
90
88

78
91
99
100
104
123
173
294
227
265

80
93
99
100
102
121
169
259
205
235

101
101
100
100
96
99
95
89
94
93

84
88
101
100
105
115
173
332
204
258

85
89
101
100
101
114
167
298
193
243

102
102
100
100
98
99
97
90
91
92

84
87
97
100
103
116
182
334
235
249

86
89
95
100
102
112
176
302
216
231

102
102
100
100
99
99
98
91
92
92

84
92
102
100
100
114
160
273
201
220

85
93
102
100
98
111
155
250
186
205

INTRODUCTION AND SUMMARY

9

T a b l e 4.— INDEX

NUMBERS OF AVERAGE FULL-TIME HOURS PER WEEK. EARN­
INGS PER HOUR, AND FULL-TIME WEEKLY EARNINGS, BY OCCUPATION AND
SEX, IN SPECIFIED YEARS, 1910 TO 1924—Concluded
Index numbers
of average—

Occupation, sex, and year

Loom fixers:
Male................... 1910..
1911..
1912..
1913..
1914..
1916..
1918..
1920..
1922..
1924..
Weavers:
Male....................1910..
1911..
1912..
19131914..
19161918..
1920..
1922..
1924..

Full­ Earn­
time
hours ings
per
per
week hour

Index numbers
of average—

Full­
time
earn­
ings
per
week

102
102
100
100
99
99
98
91
92
92

88
89
99
100
103
119
172
302
220
244

90
91
99
100
101
117
168
276
204
226

102
102
100
100
99
98
98
90
91
92

89
92
99
100
104
121
177
337
229
264

91
93
99
100
102
119
172
305
210
244

Full­ Earn­ Full­
time
time
earn­
hours ings
per
ings
per
per
week hour week

Occupation, sex, and year

Weavers—Concluded.
Female................1910—
1911..
1912..
19131914..
1916..
1918..
19201922..
1924Trimmers or inspectors:
Female__ -____ 1910—
19111912..
1913191419161918192019221924..

102
102
100
100
98
98
98
89
91
91

90
90
99
100
102
123
174
322
232
262

91
92
100
100
100
120
168
286
211
239

101
101
100
100
99
98
96
89
91
91

89
93
101
100
102
116
168
300
222
241

90
94
100
100
100
113
161
269
202
221

In Table 5 are shown the average and classified days the mills
canvassed were in operation and the number of days idle b y specified
causes for the year ending December 31, 1923. O f the 114 establish­
ments reported, 67 operated 300 or more days, and 104 operated 270
or more days.
The most important cause of idleness was slack business and the
next important cause was holidays and vacations. The mills aver­
aged 294.8 days in operation and 18.2 week days idle. South Caro­
lina led, with an average of 310 days operated, and New Hampshire
showed the lowest average, 250.2 days.
5.—AVERAGE AND CLASSIFIED NUMBER OF DAYS MILLS WERE IN OPERA­
TION, AND AVERAGE NUMBER OF WEEK DAYS IDLE WITH CAUSE OF IDLENESS,
FOR YEAR ENDING DECEMBER 31, 1923, BY STATE

T able

State

Number of
estab­
lish­
ments

Alabama.................
Connecticut...........
Georgia...................
Maine.....................
Massachusetts.......
New Hampshire.. .
New York..............
North Carolina___
Pennsylvania.........
Rhode Island.........
South Carolina___
Virginia..................
Total.............




Number of
days
in
opera­
tion
during
year

Un­
der
225
days

225
and
un­
der
240
days

240
and
un­
der
255
days

255
and
un­
der
270
days

270
and
un­
der
285
days

and
un­
der
300
days

306.8

6 293.8

10

5
15
5
4
27
4
9

20

3

309.4
293.4
286.4
250.2
282.5
293.9
296.3
283.0
310.0
300.0

114 294.8

Average number of week days
idle during year on account
of—

Number of establishments in
operation—

2

3

1

In300 Holi­ Slack ven- Lack
tory of Other
days days
and
busi­
and
causes
ness and
over vaca­
re­ power
tion
pairs
6 3.3 1.8 0.8
4 8.8 9.2
10 3.6
2 8.8 ' Y T 2.0
6 10.0 16.4

"T

"II' 11
1
1

2

3

20
2

16

21

67

0.2
1.2

.4

48.2 Y<T
1.5
6.0 23.0
8.9 7.3 .7 2.3
8.3 6.8 1.8
11.4 18.6
3.1
13.0

.2

12.0

7.6

9.4

.5

.6

.1

10

WAGES AND HOURS— COTTON-GOODS MANUFACTURING

Table 6 presents the number of calendar days on which the mills
operated and the employees worked and shows the opportunity afforded
for work and the regularity on the part of the employees. Data are
shown for four selected occupational groups only, but these groups
may be accepted as representative of all employees in this respect.
There are two sections of the table. The first section relates to
a one-week pay period, the second to a two-week pay period. A
two-week pay period was taken for all weavers because of more or
less unfinished work carried over from week to week.
Of the 114 establishments canvassed, 8 had pay periods of 2 weeks
and 106 paid each week. In the one-week section of the table the
mills employing mule spinners operated an average of 5.7 days in
that occupation and for female frame spinners, the average of the
mills was 5.2. The employees in these occupations averaged 5.6 and
4.3 days, respectively.
In the two-week section the average of the mills for both male
and female weavers was 11.5 days. The male weavers worked on
an average of 9.8 days and the female weavers 9.6 days.
Table 6.—AVERAGE AND CLASSIFIED NUMBER OF DAYS PER PAY PERIOD ON
WHICH MILLS WERE IN OPERATION AND ON WHICH SPINNERS AND WEAVERS
WORKED, 1924
One-week pay period

Occupation and sez

Spinners, mnlfl, malA

Spinners,

Average
number
of days
of work
in occupation
in one
week
8
5.7
5.2
106

Num­
ber of
estab­
lish
usnments
_

femalft

Average
number
of days
worked
Number of employees
by employees
in one
week
Spinner, Tn«i«, male
__
186
5.6
4.3
Spinners, frame, fenmle 7,944
Num­
ber of
em­
ploy­
ees

Number of establishments in which days of
work in occupation in one week were—

1

2

3

1

1

6

6

5

4

6
86

7

7

Number of employees who in one week
worked specified number of days

1

2

349

1
457

, 4

3
11
1,102

6

5

13
1,622

5
1,589

156
2,825

Two-week pay period

Num­
ber of
Occupation and sex estab1.VsuU
H
ments
Spinners, frame, fem^" ____ ___
Weavers, male___
WApVftTSj fATTiala

8
114
114

Num­
ber of
Occupation and sex em­
ploy­
ees
Spinners, frame, fe»

370
- —
^
9,024
Weavers, female_ 8,493

malOr___
Weavers,

t

t




Average
number
of days
of work
in occupation
in two
weeks
11.3
11.5
11.5

Number of establishments in which days of work in occu­
pation in two weeks were—
5

7

6
4
4

8

9
4
4

10
3
3

11
2
3
3

12
1
1

6
99
99

Average
number Number of employees who in two weeks worked specified
of days
number of days
worked
by em­
ployees
in two 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
weeks
9.1 8 4 6 9 21 16 23 34 40 73 70
66
9.8 119 120 166 168 281 739 250 606 614 849 670 4,442
9.9 84 84 126 174 190 874 263 993 734 555 535 3,881

INTRODUCTION AND SUMMARY

11

Table 7 shows the number of establishments, number of employees,
average earnings per hour, average full-time hours, average hours
worked, per cent of full-time worked, average actual earnings, and
average lull-time earnings for all employees, by States, in separate
sections for the one-week and the two-week pay periods.
These figures are for the industry. I t will be noted that the average
hourly earnings are higher in that section of the table containing the
two-week pay periods. This is accounted for by the fact that data
for all weavers were taken for two weeks. This being a high-paid
occupation, the higher earnings have been reflected in the averages
for all occupations. The object of this table is not to show a com­
parison between one-week and two-week pay periods, but to show
actual time worked and earnings as compared with the hours and
earnings that would have been shown had all employees worked
full-time.
T able

7.—AVERAGE HOURS AND EARNINGS IN THE INDUSTRY, 1924, BY LENGTH
OF PAY PERIOD AND BY STATE

State

Average Percent Average Average
Num­ Num­ Average Average
full­
full­ hours of full­ earn­
ber of ber of earn­ time
ings
time
time actually
estab­ em­ ings per hours actually
earn­
worked hours
lish­
ings per
pay per pay actually made
pay pay
ments ployes hour per
period period worked per
period period

One-week pay period
Alabama..............................................
Connecticut........................................
Georgia...............................................
Maine.................................................
Massachusetts..............................—
New Hampshire.................................
New York................................. .........
North Carolina...........-......................
Pennsylvania............................... ......
Rhode Island......................................
South Carolina-..................................
Virginia...............................................

5 4,552 $0,235
.434
6 2,200
.252
10 6,137
.379
5 2,899
.459
15 13,020
.458
5 4,151
.450
4 2,382
.311
22 6,874
.362
2
716
.431
9 2.987
20 9,474
.253
.364
3 2,138

54.8
51.5
56.3
54.3
48.4
54.0
49.6
55.5
52.1
51.5
55.1
55.6

45.0
48.2
46.0
48.7
41.2
44.5
38.2
46.7
44.7
36.2
43.5
46.7

82 $10.62
94 20.99
82 11.66
90 18.53
85 18.94
83 20.39
77 17.25
84 14.66
86 16.24
70 15.67
79 11.16
84 17.00

Total.........................................

106 57,’530 ' .356

53.0

43.8

83

$12.88
22.35
14.19
20.58
22.22
24.73
22.32
17.26
18.86
22.20
13.94
20.24

15.53

18.87

Two-week pay period
Alabama..............................................
Connecticut........................................
Georgia............... ...............................
Maine.................................................
Massachusetts....................................
New Hampshire.................................
New York...........................................
North Carolina...................................
Pennsylvania......................................
Rhode Island......................................
South Carolina...................................
Virginia...............................................

Total..................................




6
6
10
5
15
5
4
27
4
9
20

3

1,681 $0,254
1,260
.496
.303
1,195
.496
695
.511
4,965
1,487
.507
.541
591
.346
4,539
.378
416
1,057
.530
2,142
.317
.478
437

114 20,465

.418

114.4
101.1
112.1
108.1
96.2
108.1
100.0
110.6
104.7
103.3
110.0
110.4

89.3
96.5
86.2
97.1
82.1
84.3
76.4
92.9
90.6
73.5
83.7

84.0

78 $22.67
95 47.95
77 26.21
90 48.21
85 41.95
78 42.76
76 41.29
84 32.23
86 34.54
71 38.91
76 26.52
76 40.31

$29.06
50.15
33.97
53.62
49.16
54.81
54.10
38.27
39.58
54.75
34.87
52.77

105.8

86.7

82 35.96

44.22

12

WAGES AND HOURS— COTTON-GOODS MANUFACTURING

EXPLANATION OF SCOPE AND METHOD
This report includes data from establishments which make woven
cotton goods having a wide range of weight and quality but not
including narrow goods and novelties. A ll data were obtained
from the pay rolls and records of the various establishments b y
agents of the bureau.
The number of establishments included in the reports has varied
since 1910 as follows:
1910 __________________________________________________
59 establishments
1911 _______________________________
88 establishments
1912 __________________________________________________
88 establishments
1913 __________________________________________________
90 establishments
1914 ________________________________________________ 90 establishments
1916____________________________________________________ 105establishments
1918____________________________________ ________ :______106 establishments
1920____________________________________________________ 96 establishments
1922___________________________________
97 establishments
1924____________________________________________________ 114establishments

The number of establishments covered has varied from year to
year, but even the lowest number is believed to be fairly repre­
sentative.
In the selection of establishments from which to obtain data, all
States in which cotton manufacturing is of material importance have
been represented, the measure of importance being the number of wage
earners as reported b y the United States Census of Manufactures.

Table 8 shows by States the number of wage earners in the industry
as reported by the United States Census of Manufactures for 1921,
the number of establishments from which the bureau obtained data
for 1924, and the number of employees in such establishments.
According to the census figures, about 93 per cent of the total
number of wage earners in the industry are found in the States in
which the establishments furnishing information to the Bureau of
Labor Statistics are located. The number of employees for which
the bureau obtained 1924 data and for which detailed information
for 1924 is here presented is about 19 per cent of the total as shown
by the 1921 census.
T able 8.—TOTAL

NUMBER OF EMPLOYEES IN COTTON-GOODS MANUFACTURING
IN THE UNITED STATES AS REPORTED BY THE UNITED STATES CENSUS FOR
1821 AND NUMBER OF EMPLOYEES FOR WHICH DATA ARE SHOWN FOR 1821




State

A lab am a ___ ___
Connecticut _. _
Georgia____
M aine.
__ ___
Massachusetts _ __
N e w Hampshire. _ r_
N e w Y ork
_ ___
North Carolina _ ___
Pennsylvania

Establishments and
Numberof employees for which
employees data are shown for
1924 in this report
reported
by U. S.
Census, Number of Number of
establish­ employees
1821
ments

18,275
14,278
35,237
13,264
106,337
_ 22,733
8,360
_ 66,316
10,078
Rhode Island............ .
29,328
South Carolina............
51,509
Virginia
7,395
Other States ....
28,947
Total.
_ _________ 412,058

6
6
10

5
15
5
4
27
4
9
20
3

6,233
3,460
7,332
3,594
17,985
5,638
2,973
11,413
1,132
4,044
11,616
2,575

114

77,995

EXPLANATION OP SCOPE AND METHOD

13

Full-time hours per week are the regular hours during which, under
normal conditions, employees are on duty. Such hours do not in
any way indicate the extent of employment. Employees may work
overtime or broken time, or be laid off, or a temporary reduction may
be made in working hours without affecting the full-time hours as
here presented.
The rates of wages or earnings per hour as shown include the wages
of time workers and the earnings of piece workers and are obtained
by dividing the total earnings by the total number of hours worked.
In cases where no record of the actual time worked was regularly
kept, the establishments, at the request of the bureau, kept a record
for the pay period selected. The full-time earnings per week are the
earnings of employees working full time, or the earnings on broken
time reduced to equivalent earnings for a full week. Figures relating
to wages and hours are shown separately for 19 of the more important
occupations, and all employees not included under any of the selected
occupations are combined and shown under “ Other employees.”
The occupations are arranged in the tables approximately in the order
of manufacture, as follows:
Picker tenders.
Card tenders and strippers.
Card grinders.
Drawing-frame tenders.
Slubber tenders.
Speeder tenders.
Spinners, mule.
Spinners, frame.
Doffers.
Spooler tenders.

Creelers or tiers-in.
W arper tenders.
Beamer tenders.
Slasher tenders.
Drawers-in.
Warp-tying-machine tenders.
Loom fixers.
Weavers.
Trimmers or inspectors.
Other employees.

Of the 19 occupations tabulated, data are shown for males only in
7 and for both males and females in the other 12 occupations.
GENERAL TABLES
In addition to the text tables already shown, five general tables
arepresented, as follows:
T a b l e A .— Average earnings per hour and full-time earnings per
week, and average and classified full-time hours per week, 1924, by
occupation, sex, and State.
T a b l e B.— Number of days worked in pay period by establish­
ments and by employees, average full-time hours, average hours
worked, per cent of full time worked, average full-time earnings, and
average actual earnings, 1924, by occupation, sex, pay period, and
State.
T a b l e C.— Average and classified earnings per hour for spinners
and weavers, 1924, by sex, and State.
These occupations illustrate the spread of individual earnings.
T a b l e D.— Average and classified actual hours worked in pay
period by spinners and weavers who worked on as many days as the
mills operated in pay period, 1924, by sex and State.
This table presents the average full-time hours of all employees in
these selected major occupations in comparison with the average
hours actually worked by the employees who worked on as many

106526°—25f--- 3




14

WAGES AND HOURS— COTTON-GOODS MANUFACTURING

days as the mills operated. Further, the table presents in classified
form the hours actually worked by the spinners and weavers who
worked on as many days as the mills were operated. Although an
employee may have worked on as many different days as the mill was
in operation, he or she may not have worked the full mill-hours each
day, or even on any day. Such employees as did not work on as
many days as mill in which they worked operated are omitted from
the table.
T able E.— Average and classified actual earnings in pay period of
spinners and weavers who worked on as many days as the mills
operated in pay period, 1924, by sex and State.




T a b l e A . — AVERAGE

EARNINGS PER HOUR AND FULL-TIME EARNINGS PER WEEK, AND AVERAGE AND
CLASSIFIED FULL-TIME HOURS PER WEEK, 1924, BY OCCUPATION, SEX, AND STATE
Num­
Average Average
ber of Number Average full-time full-time
earnings
estab­ of em­ earnings
hours
per
lish­ ployees
per
Under
per
hour
week
week
ments
48 ^

Occupation, sex, and State

6
6
10
5
15
5
4
27
4
9
20
3

125
27
132
54
184
112
43
127
19
43
144
38

$0,221
.420
.216
.408
.445
.444
.426
.299
.378
.425
.223
.317

$12.24
21.80
12.18
22.15
21.67
24.06
20.75
16.59
19.77
22.27
12.27
17.47

55.4
51.9
56.4
54.3
48.7
54.2
48.7
55.5
52.3
52.4
55.0
55.1

Total.....................................................

114

1,048

.331

17.74

53.6

6
6
10
5
15
5
4
27
4
9
20
3

138
48
144
66
217
161
52
206
20
54
214
47

238
.405
.229
.423
.494
.460
.470
.311
.404
.472
.256
.343

13.19
20.70
12.89
23.35
23.86
24.93
23.03
17.20
21.01
24.78
14.08
18.93

114

1,367

.356

19.08

55.4
51.1
56.3
55.2
48.3
54.2
49.0
55.3
52.0
52.5
55.0
...
55.2 1i............
53.6 1_____

Card tenders and strippers, male:
...... - -Alabama.
Connecticut__
___ ___
Georgia __
. .„
Maine..
__
_ 1L, ^
Massachusetts........................................
New Hampshire......................................
New York...............................................
North Carolina

Pennsylvania___ ___________
Rhode Island_______________ _____

South Carolina. _

_

_

Virginia________ _____ ___
Total_______________________
Card grinders, male:
Alabama______ ________________ _
Connecticut,
Georgia__ __
M aine.__________ __ _______________

.

Massachusetts____

_rrr




_____

r

6
6
10
5
15

36
16
39
20
86

.353
.512
.347
.538
.577

19.52
25.91
19.57
29.05
27.75

i
55.3 i

Over
48 and
under 54

48

12
1

3
49

173

93
5

38

1

50.6 l______
56.4
54.0
48.1

Over
54 and
under 57

54

2
17

5

242

5

27

12
21
183

3
53

211

i23
5

44
2
20

7

304

7

10
85 i__________

il
29
224

i
20

114
15
92
19
119
144
38
541
127
21
103
38
3
200

57 and
under 60

60

Over 60

11
37
4
11
8
4

1

75

1

11
38 i_______
13
6
6
3

2

753

77

2

34
6
27

11

214
47

2
1

GENER AL TABLES

Picker tenders, male:
Alabama________________________
_____ „ .
„
Connecticut-_
Georgia__________ _________ _____
Maine_____________________
__
Massachusetts _ , ....
New Hampshire_____________ ____
New Yorkl._____ ________________
North Carolina___________________
Pennsylvania____ ________________
Rhode Island____ __________
South Carolina_______ ______
Virginia_____________________

Number of employees whose full-time hours per week were—

T able A . — AVERAGE

EARNINGS PER HOUR AND FULL-TIME EARNINGS PER WEEK, AND AVERAGE AND
CLASSIFIED FULL-TIME HOURS PER WEEK, 1924, BY OCCUPATION, SEX, AND STATE—Continued*

Total___ __________________ . . .
Drawing-frame tenders, male:
Alabama____ ____
____ __
Connecticut__ _. _ __
Georgia______ __
Maine____
. ..
__ .
Massachusetts______
___
New Hampshire___
New York___ _______
North Carolina_________
Pennsylvania_
Rhode Island_______
South Carolina_________ _ ___
Virginia___
__
"Total..
Drawing-frame tenders, female:
Alabama_________________ . . . ____
Connecticut.
___
Georgia_______ __________ . . . . ___ _
Maine__________________________
Massachusetts ____
____ _
New Hampshire______________ ___
New York___ ___________________
Pennsylvania.
Rhode Island....................................... —




54.1
48.9
55.1
52.7
51.6
55.0
55.3

5
4
26
3
9
19
3

39
21
65
6
23
61
16

$0,616
.504
.409
.502
.522
.376
.409

$33.33
24.65
22.54
26.46
26.94
20.68
22.62

111

418

.470

24.86

52.9

a

20
3

61
15
94
22
57
29
10
181
6
25
234
38

.211
.350
.214
.350
.415
.400
.378
.304
.325
.418
.260
.350

11.63
18.76
12.11
19.50
21.29
21. 76
20.49
16.84
16.48
22.66
14.30
19.29

55.1
53.6
56.6
55.7
51.3
54.4
54.2
55.4
50.7
54.2
55.0
55.1

96

762

.295

16.20

54.9

5
5
7
4
14
4
3
3
6

77
29
74
50
237
70
54
14
32

.183
.339
.206
.306
.366
.336
.342
.316
.343

10.17
16.61
11.43
16.52
17. 57
18.14
16.42
16. 53
17.43

55. 6
49.0
55.5
54.0
48.0
54.0
48.0
52.3
50.1

4
10
3

9
4
2
27
2
6

'

Over
48 and
under 54

48

37
2

18
11
124

2

2

3
1

Over
54 and
under 57

54

4
11
75

2
13

41

18
8

5
1

49

5

5

58

21
237
54
4
21

50
70
10
11

60

Over 60

2
1
55
1

61
16
202

14

50
12
61

31

1

1
8

11
2
170

I

16

57 and
under 60

16
11
2

2

578

69

2

68
8
66

8

234
38

9

H O U R S ----- C O T T O N -G O O D S M A N U F A C T U R I N G

Card grinders, male—Concluded.
New Hampshire..
New York.. _
North Carolina.
Pannsylvania_____ _
Rhode Island...
...
South Carolina.
_
_ _
Virginia___
___ _ _____ _

Number of employees whose full-time hours per week were—

WAGES AND

Occupation, sex, and State

Num­
Average Average
ber of Number Average full-time full-time
earnings hours
estab­ of em­ .earnings
per
Under
lish­ ployees
per
per
hour
week
48
week
ments

051

Total___________

284

15.62

55.0

653

.311

15.95

51.3

Slubber tenders, male:
Alabama............. .
Connecticut......... .
Georgia................
Maine................. .
Massachusetts........
New Hampshire___
New York.............
North Carolina.......
Pennsylvania........
Rhode Island........
South Carolina.....
Virginia................

6
6
10
5

77
32
97
37
148
59
35
135

36
160
35

.294
.498
.319
.544
.564
.580
.532
.360
.418
.540
.321
.378

16.32
25.75
17.90
29.65
27.30
31.38
26.01
19.91
21.74
27.70
17.66
20.90

55.5
51.7
56.1
54.5
48.4
54.1
48.9
55.3
52.0
51.3
55.0
55.3

15
5
4
27

3
8
20

8

16

141

158

17

2

70
17
74
—-

21

"S '

55
5

4

17

5
18
119

337
"IB*

"111"

859

.421

22.52

53.5

205

Slubber tenders, female:
Massachusetts_____
Pennsylvania..... ..
Rhode Island______
Other States........ .

12
6

.494
.364

23.71
18.67

.465

24.13

48.0
51.3
54.0
51.9

12

21.11

Total.................

37

.448

22.76

50.8

17

162
69
247
52
243
72
92
519
85
486
135
15

.284
.515
.306
.477
.565
.515
.562
.371
.495
.302
.470
.353

15.68
27.04
17.26
26.57
28.19
27.86
28.21
20.52
26.19
16.61
25.99
19.06

55.2
52.5
56.4
55.7
49.9
54.1
50.2
55.3
52.9
55.0
55.3
54.0

"ei"

.394

21.39

54.3

319

.440
.289
.330
.462
.467

14.65
22.40
16.18
17.82
22.18
25.22

55.9
50.9
56.0
54.0
48.0
54.0

Total___________

Speeder tenders, male:
Alabama.. ...........
Connecticut........ .
Georgia............... .
Maine................. .
Massachusetts.......
New Hampshire___
New York............
North Carolina.......
Rhode Island........ .
South Carolina.......
Virginia...............
Other States......... .

112

5
14

6
6
10

5
14
4
4
27
9

20

3

1

Total.................

109

2,177

Speeder tenders, female:
Alabama....... .......
Connecticut..........
Georgia___________
Maine............. ....
Massachusetts_____
New Hampshire___

9
5
15
5

6
6

222




125

154
216
972
234

33

34

8

67

12

"§ i'
15

97o'

‘i§o‘
160
35
494

40

155
24
170

12

15

37

138

3
3

*24*
5
19
495
'486'
135

7

15
25
24
15

178

1,513

167

102

1

71
123

23
13
30

216

S W l%V£ T Y g a N B Q

16

55

South Carolina..........

234
-Or

T able A .—AVERAGE EARNINGS PER HOUR AND FULL-TIME EARNINGS PER WEEK, AND

AVERAGE AND
CLASSIFIED FULL-TIME HOURS PER WEEK, 1924, BY OCCUPATION, SEX, AND STATE—Continued

Speeder tenders, female—Concluded.
New York.................................... .
North Carolina____________ —
Pennsylvania____ ___________
Rhode Island............................... .
South Carolina______________
Virginia____________________

4
19
4
9
20

48
226
180

Total................ ........................

105

Spinners, mule:
Connecticut________________
Massachusetts_______________
Other States________________
Total____________________
8pinners, frame, male:
Alabama............................ .........
Connecticut....... ..................... .
Georgia..........................................
Massachusetts............................. .
New Hampshire.......................... .
New York.....................................
North Carolina............................ .
Rhode Island............................... .
South Carolina............................ .
Virginia.........................................
Other States________________
Total......................................... .
Spinners, frame, female:
Alabama_____ ___________ ...
Connecticut..................................
Georgia.......... .............................
Maine.................... ......................
Massachusetts............................. .




6
2
6
8

4
3
8
4
18
3
2

64
6

6
10

5
15

Number of employees whose full-time hours per week were—
Over
48 and
under 54

48

48.4
55.4
52.3
51.8
55.0
55.3

213

.440
.286
.424

$21.73
19.33
17.05
22.79
15.73
23.45

2,703

.411

21.04

51.2

1,417

52
118
16

.701
.785
.610

36.03
37.68
30.68

51.4
48.0
50.3

27
118

186

.746

36.63

49.1

155

45
27
44
317
29

10.36
30.67
12.55
25.76
25.92
26.06
11.93
27.13

20

.355

18.99
20.79

55.1
59.1
55.3
50.8
54.0
51.8
56.0
53.1
55.0
53.5
54.0

“ 44

12

.188
.519
.227
.507
.480
.503
.213
.511

19.63

53.2

291

11.21

55.5
50.8
56.1
54.0
48.0

230

66

101

31

276
4

$0,449

.200

906
243
855
379
1,596

.202

.406
.437

11.00

20.62
12.51
17.98
20.98

Over
54 and
under 57

54

17
14

17

30
124
622

57 and
under 60

Over 60

63
180
30
569
25

10

25

243

276
17
448

20

649

622

27

“if"

50

111

1,579

379

105
2

186

W AG ES A N D H O URS— COTTON-GOODS M A N U F A C T U R IN G

Oceupation, sex, and State

NumAverage Average
ber of Number Average full-time full-time
earnings hours
estab­ of em­ earnings
per
Under
per
per
lish­ ployees
hour
week
48
ments

J-*
00

24.62
22.40
14.16
18.70
21.76
12.05
19.12
16.94

54.0
48.8
55.3
52.1
51.2
55.0
55.1
53.1

.255

3
15
4
4
27
2
9
20
3
109

373
85
404
33
373
94
137
635
19
175
684

14.18
19.37
15.88
19.33
23.08
24.79
23.25
17.17
20.58
23.92
14.41

3,133

.334

18.04

55.6
52.5
56.1
54.0
48.9
54.0
49.9
55.4
52.9
50.9
55.0
55.3
54.0

.379
.428
.394
.345

27

5
161
167
36
8
33
4
64
478

19.25
18.22
20.50
21.28
12.93
17.77
12.98
19.47
19.34

50.8
53.9
47.9
54.0
55.0
51.5
55.0
48.8
50.9

Spooler tenders, male:
Alabama.................
Georgia....................
South Carolina.......
Other States_____

13
6
17

Total....................

37

.188
.146
.207
.270
.192

10.34
8.03
11.39
14.85
10.56

55.0
55.0
55.0
55.0
55.0

334
138
399
140

.182
.343
.196
.313

10.12

55.6
51.2
56.0
54.0

Total___ ____. . .
Doffers, male:
Alabama.................
Connecticut...... —.
Georgia....................
Maine......................
Massachusetts........
New Hampshire__
New York.......... .
North Carolina.......
Pennsylvania..........
Rhode Island..........
South Carolina----Virginia_________
Total__________

5
4
27
4
9
20
3
114

10

Goffers, female:
Connecticut______
Maine.....................
Massachusetts........
New Hampshire__
North Carolina.......
Pennsylvania..........
Virginia...................
Other States............
Total....................

Spooler tenders, female:
Alabama.................
Connecticut............
Georgia....................
Maine____ __. . . . .




607
309
1,325
101
446
1,552
210

8,314

121

1

6
6
10

5

.358
.472
.459
.466
.310
.389
.470

20.02

17.56
10.98
16.90

188

31
27

607
43
58
230

2,147

58

265
12

48

27
*341*
'"*96"

1,266

59

1,337

1,552
208
4,408

316

10

325
54
304

94
20
10

14
78

15

249

15

159
**36*
*14*

5

48
1
90
‘30*

21

602
684
121

550
163
“T

2,111

202

*57*
21

13
6
17

1

37
63

10

140

294
67
311

40
"78*

GENERAL* TABLES

.456
.459
.256
.359
.425
.219
.347
.319

New Hampshire__
New York...............
North Carolina.......
Pennsylvania..........
Rhode Island..........
South Carolina___
Virginia_____ ____

T able A .—AVERAGE EARNINGS PER HOUR AND FULL-TIME EARNINGS PER WEEK, AND AVERAGE AND

CLASSIFIED FULL-TIME HOURS PER WEEK, 1924, BY OCCUPATION, SEX, AND STATE—Continued

Spooler tenders, female—Concluded.
Massachusetts__________________
New Hampshire . _r__ _ _
New Yorkl______ _ ______________
North Carolina___________________
Pennsylvania_____________________

Number of employees whose full-time hours per week were—
Over
48 and
under 54

48

15
4
4
27
4
9
20
3

845
138
115
704
51
166
676
140

$0,415
.408
.419
.260
.291
.382
.202
.276

$19.88
22.03
20.41
14.40
15.22
19.37
11.11
15.24

47.9
54.0
48.7
55.4
52.3
50.7
55.0
55.2

14

6

9
82

8

Total....................................................

113

3,646

.285

15.19

53.3

28

887

8

Creelers or tiers-in, male:
Georgia_________________________
NorthCarolina _ _ _
_
South Carolina. _ _ _
_
Other States______________________

3
14
2
2

5
44
2
8

.196
.290
.224
.421

11.17
15.95
12.32
24.21

21

59

.298

5
3
9
3
12
4
3
18
7
17
3

56
13
80
16
116
18
20
91
38
86
9

84

543

Rhnda Island

South Carolina___________________

Virginia

Total__ ___________________
Creelers or tiers-in, female:
Alabama________________________
__ _
Connecticut_____________
fienrgia
_
M aine____________________________________

Massachusetts____________________

N e w TTampshire .............. _ _ _

New York.

________ _

._

7

_

North Carolina___ . . . ___ _____

Rhode Island_____________________
South Carolina_____ _______________

Virginia__________________________________

Total.. _ _ _ _ _ _ _




___ ___

631

Over
54 and
under 57

54

138
13

102

34
78

676

57 and
under 60

60

Over 60

28

676
140
2,164

146

57.0
55.0
55.0
57.5

3
44
2
2

2

16.54

55.5

51

8

.200
.349
.208
.278
.336
.379
.386
.261
.297
.234
.274

11.08
17.52
11.65
15.01
16.13
20.47
18.53
14.40
14.97
12.87
15.23

55.4
50.2
56.0
54.0
48.0
54.0
48.0
55.2
50.4
55.0
55.6

52
4
64

16

90

1

.272

14.42

53.0

413

9
116
20

16

6

4

18

23

15

168

49

86
9
305

21

W AGES A N D H OURS— COTTON-GOODS M A N U F A C T U R IN G

Num­
Average Average
ber of Number Average full-time full-time
estab­ of em­ earnings
earnings hours
per
lish­ ployees
Under
per
hour
week
week
48
ments

Occupation, sex, and State

J©
°

Warper tenders, male:
Alabama--...............
Georgia.....................
Massachusetts____
North Carolina____
South Carolina____
Other States.............

24
8
3

3
7
18
76
15
14

. Total....................

41

133

6
5

27
26
51
29
175
33

Total___ ______

.291
.510

55.0
55.7
56.7
55.2
55.0
49.4

5

21.22

54.7

16

14.65
22.48
15.15
21.89
26.41
27.10
17.21
18.29
20.95
15.57
22.80

55.9
53.9
55.7
54.0
48.0
54.0
49.1
55.5
53.0
51.6
55.0
55.2

~'l8‘
1
18

8
27
105

24

.391

20.41

52.2

216

.478
.779
.504
.579
.481

25.53
37.39
27.77
28.54
26.21

53.4
48.0
55.1
49.3
54.5

1
145

2

11
145
107
9

27

153

13
3

22

36

10

45

66

21.01

331

.621

32.11

51.7

3
105

.449
.448

24.71
23.21

55.0
51.8

Total....................

108

.448

23.25

51.9

41
19
58
24
148
52

.286
.575

15.93
29.96
16.94
30.80
30.53
33.43
28.41

55.7
52.1
55.9
54.8
48.0
54.0
48.9
55.3
51.4




6

6
10

5
15
5
4
27
4

21

115
10

.562
.619
.581
.509

21.12

26.16

6
*74"
15

1
13
2

2

544

5
15
5
4
14
3
9
16
3

Beamer tenders, female:
North Carolina— r.
Other States............
Slasher tenders, male:
Alabama................
Connecticut............
Georgia...................
Maine.....................
Massachusetts.........
New Hampshire___
New York.............
North Carolina____
Pennsylvania_.....

3

15.84
16.99
30.84
19.82
16.01
25.19

.262
.417
.272
.389
.456
.489
.552
.310
.345
.406
.283
.413

8

Total....................
Beamer tenders, male:
Connecticut............
Massachusetts.........
North Carolina.......
Pennsylvania.......—
Other States............

.305
.544

100

4
29

175

22
22

34
24

107
2

17
28

15

28

*’§r

30

147

58

17
35
1

148

*'i§"

20

52
3

11

46

11

GENER AL TABLES

Warper tenders, female:
Alabama.................
Connecticut............
Georgia....................
Maine......................
Massachusetts.......
New Hampshire___
New York...............
North Carolina.......
Pennsylvania..........
Rhode Island..........
South Carolina.......
Virginia...................

2
2
2

T able A . — AVERAGE EARNINGS PER HOUR AND FULL-TIME EARNINGS PER WEEK, AND

AVERAGE AND
CLASSIFIED FULL-TIME HOURS PER WEEK, 1924, BY OCCUPATION, SEX, AND STATE—Continued

Slasher tenders, male—Concluded.
Rhode Island.............................
South Carolina....................... .
Virginia.....................................
Total..

114

Drawers-in, male:
North CarolinaOther States___
Total..

18

Drawers-in, female:
Alabama..............
Connecticut____
Georgia................
Maine..................
Massachusetts....
New HampshireNew York...........
North Carolina...
Pennsylvania___
Rhode Island......
South Carolina...
Virginia...............
Total­

ly arp-tying-machine tenders, male:
Alabama..................................
Connecticut...............................
Georgia.......................................
Maine.........................................
Massachusetts............. .............
New Hampshire........................
New York..................................
North Carolina..........................
Pennsylvania.............................




91

Over
48 and
under 54

48

Over
54 and
under 57

54

$0,593
.288
.405

$30.60
15.84
22.40

51.6
55.0
55.3

14

15

.467

24.75

53.0

189

95

.350
.218

19.43
11.90

55.5
54.6

18.81

55.5

20.34
14.93
21.28
21 70
26.03
23 81
17.77
15.63
22.35
13.86
23.61

11.10

55.8
52.3
55.3
54.0
47.9
54.0
48.1
55.2
52.8
48.9
55.0
55.3

19.84

51.8

19.50
28.78
19.91
28.62
29.38
31.59
27.01
22.84
30.67

55.4
53.0
56.1
54.0
48.0
54.0
48.4
55.3
50.7

61
44
44
39
34
245
56
24
70
13
41
90
26

Number of employees whose full-time hours per week were—

.199
.389
.270
.388
.453
.482
.495
.322
.296
.457
.252
.427

726
.352
.543
.355
.530
.612
.585
.558
.413
.605

57 and
under 60

Over €

60

20

53
17
"245"
70
35
319

10

110

35

W AG ES A N D H OURS— COTTON-GOODS M A N U F A C T U R IN G

Occupation, sex, and State

Num­
Average Average
ber of Number Average full-time full-time
estab­ of em­ earnings
hours
earnings
per
Under
lish­ ployees
per
per
hour
48
week
week
ments

to
to

.606
.364

Rhode Island...
South Carolina.
Virginia______
Total..

Weavers, male:
Alabama..............
Connecticut____
Georgia................
Maine..................
Massachusetts__
New Hampshire..
New York...........
North Carolina...
Pennsylvania......
Rhode Island......
South Carolina...
Virginia...............
Total................
Weavers, female:
Alabama..............
Connecticut.........
Georgia................
Maine..................
Massachusetts__
New HampshireNew York...........
North Carolina...
Pennsylvania......
Rhode Island___
South Carolina...
Virginia...............
Total________




91

221

.452

128
259
135
682

.673
.363

220

115
432
33
185
459
114

114

.705
.680
.457
.558
.695
.391
.558

20.02

21.73
24.18
22.06
34.52
20.40
35.17
33.83
38.14
33.12
25.27
35.45
21.51
30.80

2,962
752
743
326
2,088
488
295
1,552
66
571
1,308
300
9,024
476
508
452
369
2,877
999
296
900
159
486
834
137
8,493

.298
.522
.314
.539
.543
.532
.551
.401
.391
.542
.328
.503
.262
.458
.286
.458
.487
.495
.531
.351
.387
.515
.299
.422
.429

51.0
55.0
55.3
53.5
55.7
51.3
56.2
54.1
48.6
54.1
48.7
55.3
51.4
51.0
55.0
55.2
52.9

16.54
26.52
17.62
29.16
26.06
28.83
28.05
22.18
20.25
28.51
18.04
27.77
23.71

55.5
50.8
56.1
54.1
48.0
54.2
50.9
55.3
51.8
52.6
55.0
55.2
52.8

14.54
22.99
15.96
24.73
23.42
26.73
26.02
19.38
19.81
26.06
16.45
23.34

55.5
50.2
55.8
54.0
48.1
54.0
49.0
55.2
51.2
50.6
55.0
55.3
51.8

22.22

47

30

67

4
128
209
13

676
7
105

134
196
61
194
7

61

11

13
416

16

88

944

17

442

22

13
326
397
37

438
2,066
172
19
248

262
1,074

2,943
10

10

3,777

478
306
558
91
86
1,512

44
44

51
'"69
211

1,707

107
57
'm l .

40

1,308
300
4,619
428
164

334
2,877
245
46
275

1,445

GENER AL TABLES

Loom fixers, male:
Alabama..............
Connecticut........
Georgia................
Maine..................
Massachusetts__
New Hampshire..
New York...........
North Carolina...
Pennsylvania......
Rhode Island......
South Carolina...
Virginia...............
Total___ ____

30.91

61
48
"78*

884

16

834
137
2,813

142

to

CO

T able A .—AVERAGE EARNINGS PER HOUR AND FULL-TIME EARNINGS PER WEEK, AND AVERAGE AND

CLASSIFIED FULL-TIME HOURS PER WEEK, 1924, BY OCCUPATION, SEX, AND STATE—Concluded

Trimmers or inspectors, male:
Alabama..............................
Georgia................................
Massachusetts.................. *._
New Hampshire..................
North Carolina....................
Pennsylvania_______ ___
Other States........................

2
3
2
2

15
10

7

12

23

106

2
2

2
6

$0,184
.241
.532
.533
.281
.470

$10.67
13.66
25.54
28.78
15.60
23.97
18.98

58.0
56.7
48.0
54.0
55.5
51.0
55.0

Total.................................

36

158

.304

16.81

55.3

Trimmers or inspectors, female:
Alabama..............................
Connecticut.........................
Georgia................................
Maine..................................
Massachusetts.....................
New Hampshire..................
New York...........................
North Carolina....... ............
Pennsylvania.......................
Rhode Island.......................
South Carolina....................
Virginia...............................

5
9
5
15
5
3
14
3
9
15
3

6

142
77
180
143
336
94
85
133
32
113
237
30

.171
.311
.191
.270
.319
.347
.342
.251
.189
.327

9.46
15.71
10.64
14.58
15.28
18.74
16.62
13.81
17.15
18.90
10.40
18.08

55.3
50.5
55.7
54.0
47.9
54.0
48.6
55.0
52.3
52.5
55.0
55.3

Total.................................

92

1,602

.268

14.12

52.7

1,9
10

2,376
987
4,049
1,225
694
3,223

.241
.440
.258
.410
.454
.466
.422
.311
.367

13.35
22.75
14.60
22.39

55.4
51.7
56.6
54.6
48.7
53.8
50.8
55.7
52.2

Other employees, male:
Alabama.............................
Connecticut—..... ...............
Georgia................................
Maine..................................
Massachusetts.....................
New Hampshire..................
New'York__ -___ . . . . ___
North Carolina...................
Pennsylvania___________




6-_

5
15
5
4
27
4

22.11

25.07
21.44
17.32
19.16

Number of employees whose full-time hours per week were—
Over
48 and
under 54

54

Over
54 and
under 57

57 and
under 60

Over 60

60

9
4
106

49
143

33i*
"76*
‘l i*
497

3,748

5

“ 499*

10

2

"‘"48

13

133
28
154

26

9

133

14

237
30
715

14

65
50
143

121

51
929
3
1,143
108
147

123*

1,654
309
1,734
20

3
71
58
3,112

35

9

11

15
34
15
96

22

13

557
23
36
63
4

1

24
46
7

WAGES AND HOURS— COTTON-GOODS MANUFACTURING

Occupation, sex, and State

Num­
Average Average
ber of Number Average full-time full-time
earnings
estab­ of em­ earnings
hours
per
lish­ ployees
Under
hour
week
ments
48
&

^

399

428

9
20
3

911
3,348
781

.404
.258
.375

21.05
14.27
21.15

52.1
55.3
56.4

3

Total.......................

114

20,578

.347

18.63

53.7

285

4,997

6
6
10
5
15

.160
.305
.199
.280
.349
.358
.314
.242
.298
.325
.190
.265

8.85
15.49
11.20
15.09
16.68
19.33
15.39
13.33
14.99
16.35
10.45
14.63

55.3
50.8
56.3
53.9
47.8
54.0
49.0
55.1
50.3
50.3
55.0
55.2

39
18

76

2
95
1

1,586

5

12
153

44
3

39
102

.292

15.15

51.9

160

1,931

47

1,102

Other employees, female:
Alabama................... .
Connecticut...............
Georgia..................... .
Maine....................... .
Massachusetts.......... .
New Hampshire........
New York................ .
North Carolina.........
Pennsylvania.............
Rhode Island.............
South Carolina..........
Virginia.................... .

4
24
4
9
19
3

428
165
339
284
1,681
656
126
440
95
263
324
291

Total.....................

110

5,092




5

7

19
173

2,785

2
282
655
22

104

11
3,318
718

2

11,009

15

7

40
30
58

926

388

259
67
247

130
4
90

439

1

324
291
1,627

225

GENERAL. TABLES

Rhode Island.............
South Carolina..........
Virginia......................

to
Oi

WAGES AND HOURS— COTTON-GOODS MANUFACTURING

26

B .—AVERAGE NUMBER OF DAYS WORKED IN PAY PERIOD
BY ESTABLISHMENTS AND BY EMPLOYEES, AVERAGE FULL­
TIME HOURS, AVERAGE HOURS WORKED, PER CENT OF FULL
TIME WORKED, AVERAGE FULL-TIME EARNINGS, AND AVERAGE
ACTUAL EARNINGS, 1924, BY OCCUPATION, SEX, PAY PERIOD,
AND STATE

T able

Occupation, sex, pay period,
and State

Num­
ber of
estab­
lish­
ments

Average number
of days worked
in pay period Aver­
Num­
age
by—
ber of
full­
em­
time
hours
ploy­
ees Estab­ Em­ in pay
lish­ ploy­ period
ments
ees

Per
Aver­ cent
age
full
hours of
time
actually actually
worked worked
in pay in pay
period period

Aver­
Aver­ age
age earn­
full­ ings
time actu­
earn­ ally
ings per re­
pay ceived
period in pay
period

P i c k e r te n d e rs , m a le

One week:
Alabama................................
Connecticut..........................
Georgia..................................
Maine....................................
Massachusetts.......................
New Hampshire....................
New York.............................
North Carolina......................
Pennsylvania........................
Rhode Island.........................
South Carolina......................
Virginia.................................
Total..................................

114
27
132
54
184
112
43
93
16
43
144
38

5.5
6.0
5.7
5.7
5.3
5.1
5.6
5.8
6.0
3.5
5.9
5.7

4.4
5.5
5.0
5.3
4.8
4.9
4.8
5.2
5.3
3.4
4.9
5.2

55.0
51.9
56.4
54.3
48.7
54.2
48.7
55.4
52.8
52.4
55.0
55.1

41.8
47.9
49.6
48.1
42.0
47.6
39.1
48.4
47.3
31.9
44.8
49.2

76 $12.21 $9.28
92 21.80 20.12
88 12.18 1 10.70
89 22.15 : 19.64
86 21.67 18.72
88 24.06 21.13
80 20.75 16.67
87 17.06 14.92
90 19.96 17.85
61 22.27 13.53
81 12.27 10.01
89 17.47 15.59

106 1,000

5.5

4.8 |

53.4

44.9

84

17.84 14.89

5
6
10
5
15
5
4
22
2
9
20
3

Two weeks:
North Carolina......................
Pennsylvania.........................
Other States.................. ........

5
2
1

34
3
11

11.5
12.0
10.0

10.7
11.3
8.9

111.2
100.0
120.0

96.6
97.8
97.6

87
98
81

30.47 26.51
37.70 36.85
25.20 20.50

Total..................................

8

48

11.2

10.3 |[ 112.5

96.9

86

29.93 25.78

5
6
10
5
15
5
4
22
2
9
20
3

127
48
144
66
217
161
52
156
17
54
214
47

5.4
5.7
5.8
5.4
5.2
5.2
5.2
5.6
6.0
3.8
5.7
5.6

4.4
A. 5
4.6
5.2
4.9
5.1
4.3
4.8
4.9
3.8
4.6
4.9

55.0
51.1
56.3
55.2
48.3
54.2
49.0
55.3
52.4
52.5
55.0
55.2

42.0
47.7
45.4
48.4
42.3
49.9
36.1
45.0
43.7
36.3
42.5
46.7

76
93
81
88
88
92
74
81
83
69
77
85

13.20
20.70
12.89
23.35
23.86
24.93
23.03
17.47
21.22
24.78
14.08
18.93

106 1,303

5.4

4.8

53.5

44.1

82

19.26 15.87

C a r d te n d e rs a n d s tr ip p e r s , m a le

One week:
Alabama...............................
Connecticut..........................
Georgia..................................
Maine....................................
Massachusetts.......................
New Hampshire............. .
New York.............................
North Carolina.....................
Pennsylvania........................
Rhode Island.........................
South Carolina......................
Virginia.................................
Total..................................

10.05
19.31
10.39
20.47
20.87
22.95
16.98
14.20
17.70
17.12
10.86
16.03

Two weeks:
North Carolina.....................
Pennsylvania........................
Other States..........................

5
2
1

50
3
11

11.6
11.3
10.0

9.6
11.0
9.0

110.6
100.0
120.0

89.7
91.0
98.0

81
91
82

32.52 26.36
39.90 36.32
25.20 20.58

Total..................................

8

64

11.3

9.6

111.7

91.2

82

31.72 25.83

One week:
Alabama...............................
Connecticut..........................
Georgia.................................
Maine...................................
Massachusetts......................
New Hampshire...................
New York.............................
North Carolina.....................
Pennsylvania........................
Rhode Island........................
South Carolina......................
Virginia.................................

5
6
10
5
15
5
4
21
2
9
19
3

34
16
39
20
86
39
21
40
5
23
61
16

5.4
6.0
5.8
5.7
5.3
4.9
5.2
5.8
6.0
4.0
5.9
5.5

5.2
5.9
5.4
5.7
5.0
4.8
4.7
5.7
4.6
4.0
5.4
5.4

55.0
50.6
56.4
54.0
48.1
54.1
48.9
55.2
52.4
51.6
,55.0
55.3

50.8
49.5
54.6
51.2
42.9
45.6
39.1
52.6
38.7
37.8
50.8
50.9

92
98
97
95
89
84
80
95
74
73
92
92

19.42
25.91
19.57
29.05
27.75
33.33
24.65
23.24
26.93
26.94
20.68
22.62

Total..................................

104

400

5.4

5.2

52.8

47.6

90

25.03 22.21

C a rd g r in d e r s , m a le




17.94
25.37
18.95
27.56
2179
28.09
19.71
22.14
19.89
19.74
19.08
20.84

GENERAL TABLES

27

T able B __ AVERAGE NUMBER OF DAYS WORKED IN PAY PERIOD

BY ESTABLISHMENTS AND BY EMPLOYEES, AVERAGE FULLTIME HOURS, AVERAGE HOURS WORKED, PER CENT OF FULL
TIME WORKED, AVERAGE FULL-TIME EARNINGS, AND AVERAGE
ACTUAL EARNINGS, 1924, BY OCCUPATION, SEX, PAY PERIOD,
AND STATE—Continued

Occupation, sex, pay period,
and State

C a rd g r in d e r s , wale—Concluded
Two weeks:
North Carolina.....................
Other States..........................
Total..................................

Average number
of days worked Aver­
Num­ Num­ in pay period
age
by—
full­
ber of ber of
time
estab- emlish- ployhours
ments ees Estab­ Em­ in pay
lish­ ploy­ period
ees
ments

Per
Aver­ cent
age of full
hours time
actually actually
worked worked
in pay i n pay
period period

Aver­
Aver­ age
age earn­
full­ ings
time actu­
earn­ ally
ings per re­
pay ceived
period in pay
period

90 $41.58 $37.52
100 45.01 45.08
92 42.18 38.78

5
2
7

15
3
18

12.0
11.3
11.9

10.9
11.3
10.9

110.0
116.0
111.0

99.4
116.1
102.2

One week:
Alabama...............................
Connecticut...........................
Georgia..................................
Maine...................................
Massachusetts.......................
New Hampshire...................
New York.............................
North Carolina.....................
Rhode Island........................
South Carolina......................
Virginia.................................
Other States..........................
Total..................................

5
4
10
a
9
4
2
22
6
20
3
1
89

50
15
94
22
57
29
10
136
25
234
38
5
715

5.4
5.7
5.4
5.1
5.2
4.9
5.4
5.6
4.0
5.8
5.7
4.0
5.5

4.3
5.7
3.9
4.6
5.0
4.2
5.4
4.8
3.9
4.7
4.4
3.8
4.6

55.0
53.6
56.6
55.7
51.3
54.4
54.2
55.4
54.2
55.0
55.1
50.0
54.9

43.1
51.6
38.8
44.9
47.0
41.7
49.8
45.3
39.0
43.1
40.6
32.0
43.1

78
96
69
81
92
77
92
82
72
78
74
64
79

11.61
18.76
12.11
19.50
21.29
21.76
20.49
16.90
22.66
14.30
19.29
16.15
16.14

Two weeks:
North Carolina.___ ______
Other States..........................
Total..................................

5
2
7

45
2
47

11.5
11.0
11.5

8.7
10.0
8.7

110.7
114.0
110.8

83.4
98.3
84.0

75
86
76

33.32 25.13
31.01 27.33
33.24 25.23

D r a w in g - f r a m e te n d e rs , m a le

9.09
18.06
8.31
15.72
19.48
16.69
18.80
13.81
16.30
11.22
14.20
10.34
12.76

D r a w in g - f r a m e te n d e rs , f e m a le

One week:
Alabama......................... ......
Connecticut..........................
Georgia..................................
Maine...................................
Massachusetts.......................
New Hampshire....................
New York.............................
Rhode Island.........................
South Carolina......................
Other States..........................
Total________ ________

4
5
7
4
14
4
3
6
4
1
52

68
29
74
50
237
70
54
32
16 "
9
639

5.2
5.7
5.8
5.8
5.0
4.9
5.2
3,7
5.9
6.0
5.2

4.4
5.5
4.5
5.6
4.6
4.7
4.5
3.7
5.0
5.7
4.7

55.0
49.0
55.5
54.0
48.0
54.0
48.0
50.1
55.0
54.0
51.2

41.4
45.3
42.7
50.8
38.7
42.9
36.9
33.4
45.9
51.3
41.1

75
92
77
94
81
79
77
67
83
95
80

9.96
16.61
11.43
16.52
17.57
18.14
16.42
17.43
15.62
17.71
16.03

Two weeks:
Pennsylvania........................
Other States..........................
Total..................................

2
1
3

5
9
14

10.4
10.0
10.1

9.6
9.6
9.6

98.4
120.0
112.3

79.1
104.6
95.5

80
87
85

28.93 23.25
23.52 20.46
25.94 21.46

S lu b b e r te n d e r s , m a le
One week:
Alabama................................
Connecticut..........................
Georgia..................................
Maine....................................
Massachusetts.......................
New Hampshire....................
New York.............................
North Carolina.....................
Pennsylvania........................
Rhode Island........................
South Carolina......................
Virginia.................................
Total..................................

5
6
10
5
15
5
4
22
2
8
20
3
105

70
32
97
37
148
59
35
104
6
36
160
35
819

5.3
5.8
5.7
5.6
5.3
4.9
5.3
5.6
5.8
3.9
5.9
5.3
5.4

4.4
5.4
4.4
5.4
4.9
4.6
4.8
5.1
5.0
. 3.9
4.8
4.3
4.7

55.0
51.7
56.1
54.5
48.4
54.1
48.9
55.3
53.3
51.3
55.0
55.3
53.3

42.1
46.2
41.5
49.3
40.9
43.6
38.8
47.3
42.5
34.2
44.5
38.7
42.9

77
89
74
90
85
81
79
86
80
67
81
70
80

16.23
25.75
17.90
29.65
27.30
31.38
26.01
20.24
24.46
27.70
17.66
20.90
22.71




7.52
15.34
8.81
15.54
14.15
14.41
12.61
11.61
13.03
16.82
12.77

12.41
23.00
13.23
26.84
23.08
25.30
20.64
17.33
19.51
18.47
14.28
14.65
18.19

WAGES AND HOURS— COTTON-GOODS MANUFACTURING

28

B .—AVERAGE NUMBER OF DAYS WORKED IN PAY PERIOD
BY ESTABLISHMENTS AND BY EMPLOYEES, AVERAGE FULL­
TIM E HOURS, AVERAGE HOURS WORKED, PER CENT OF FULL
TIM E WORKED, AVERAGE FULL-TIME EARNINGS, AND AVERAGE
ACTUAL EARNINGS, 1924, BY OCCUPATION, SEX, PAY PERIOD,
AND STATE—Continued

T able

Occupation, sex, pay period,
and State

S lu b b e r te n d e rs , m a le —

Average number
of days worked
in pay period Aver­
Num­
age
by—
full­
ber of
em­
time
ploy­
hours
ees Estab­ Em­ in pay
lish­ ploy­ period
ments
ees

Num­
ber of
estab­
lish­
ments

Per
Aver­ cent
age
full
hours of
time
actually actually
worked worked
in pay in pay
period period

Aver­
Aver­ age
age earn­
full­ ings
time actu­
earn­ ally
ings per re­
pay ceived
period in pay
period

Concluded

Two weeks:
North Carolina.....................
Other States..........................

5
2

31
9

11.2
10.0

9.3
9.9

110.6
114.7

88.8
100.4

Total..................................

7

40

10.9

9.4

111.6

91.4

82

36.49 29.73

One week:
Massachusetts.......................
Rhode Island.........................
Other States..........................

2
2
4

12
5
18

3.8
5.8
4.6

3.8
5.8
4.3

48.0
54.0
51.5

32.3
53.1
37.2

67
98
72

23.71 15.96
21.11 20.73
23.33 16.40

Total..................................

8

35

4.5

4.3

50.7

37.8

75

23.02 16.87

Two weeks:
All States...........................

1

2

12.0

11.5

108.0

103.1

95

36.61 35.00

5
6
10
5
14
4
4
22
9
20
3
1

155
69
247
52
243
72
92
382
85
486
135
15

5.3
5.8
5.7
5.1
5.4
5.3
5.2
5.8
4.0
5.9
5.5
6.0

4.4
5.3
4.3
4.9
5.2
5.2
4.6
5.0
3.8
4.6
4.6
4.7

55.0
52.5
56.4
55.7
49.9
54.1
50.2
55.4
52.9
55.0
55.3
54.0

42.6
47.3
42.6
46.5
42.7
49.6
38.8
47.7
35.7
42.9
43.4
40.1

77
90
76
83
86
92
77
86
67
78
78
74

15.68
27.04
17.26
26.57
28.19
27.86
28.21
20.66
26.19
16.61
25.99
19.06

103 2,033

5.6

4.7

54.2

43.7

81

21.52 17.30

80 $37.49 $30.11
88 32.57 28.45

S lu b b e r te n d e rs , f e m a le

S p e e d e r te n d e rs , m a le

One week:
Alabama....... .......................
Connecticut..........................
Georgia........................... ......
Maine....................................
Massachusetts.......................
New Hampshire....................
New York.......................... .
North Carolina...................
Rhode Island........................
South Carolina......................
Virginia.................................
Other States..........................
Total..................................

12.13
24.36
13.03
22.17
24.15
25.52
21.80
17.76
17.67
12.94
20.36
14.15

Two weeks:
North Carolina......................
Other States..........................

5
1

137
7

11.6
10.0

9.6
9.1

110.4
120.0

90.8
100.6

82
84

40.41 33.22
32.40 27.14

Total..................................

6

144

11.5

9.5

110.9

91.2

82

40.03 32.92

43.7
46.2
44.9
48.9
40.2
44.5
33.5
45.1
46.0
33.7
44.2
43.7

79
91
80
91
84
82
69
82
87
65
80
79

14.58
22.40
16.18
17.82
22.18
25.22
21.73
19.24
17.57
22.79
15.73
23.45

•

S p e e d e r te n d e r s , f e m a le

One week:
Alabama..........—.................
Connecticut....... ...................
Georgia..................................
Maine....................................
Massachusetts.......................
New Hampshire....................
New York.............................
North Carolina.....................
Pennsylvania........................
Rhode Island........................
South Carolina......................
Virginia.................................

5
6
9
5
15
5
4
16
2
9
20
3

102
222
154
216
972
234
230
50
40
226
180
30

5.4
5.9
5.8
5.7
5.3
5.0
4.8
5.4
5.7
3.9
5.9
5.3

4.6
5.6
4.7
5.3
4.9
4.8
4.1
4.9
5.3
3.8
5.0
4.7

•
55.0
50.9
56.0
54.0
48.0
54.0
48.4
55.3
52.6
51.8
55.0
55.3

11.56
20.32
13.00
16.13
18.60
20.80
15.04
15.82
15.37
14.82
12.66
18.53

Total..................................

99

2,656

5.3

4.8

51.1

41.6

81

21.10 17.00

Two weeks:
North Carolina.....................
Pennsylvania........................
Other States..........................

3
2
1

16
8
23

11.8
12.0
10.0

10.9
10.9
8.9

111.3
102.0
120.0

104.8
90.1
97.0

94
88
81

39.07 36.76
29.38 25.97
29.52 23.90

Total..................................

6

47

10.9

9.9

114.0

98.5




-

-S L .~

86 32.95 28.63
—=■ ■«-'. s--:-.-,. .-.7

GENERAL TABLES

29

AVERAGE NUMBER OF DAYS WORKED IN PAY PERIOD
BY ESTABLISHMENTS AND BY EMPLOYEES, AVERAGE FULL­
TIME HOURS, AVERAGE HOURS WORKED, PER CENT OF FULL
TIM E WORKED, AVERAGE FULL-TIME EARNINGS, AND AVERAGE
ACTUAL EARNINGS, 1924, BY OCCUPATION, SEX, PAY PERIOD,
AND STATE—Continued

T able B .—

Occupation, sex, pay period,
and State

Num­
ber of
estab­
lish­
ments

Average number
of days worked
in pay period Aver­
Num­
age
by—
ber of
fullem­
time
hours
ploy­
ees Estab­ Em­ in pay
lish­
ploy­ period
ments
ees

Aver­
Per
Aver­ age
Aver­ cent
earn
age
age
full full­ ings
hours of
time
time
actually actually earn­ actu­
worked worked ings per ally
re­
in pay in pay
pay ceived
period period period
inpay
period

Spinners, m ule, male

One week:
Connecticut.....................
Massachusetts..................
Other States....................

3
3
2

52
118
16

6.0
5.8
4.1

6.0
5.7
3.8

51.4
48.0
50.3

51.1
46.2
34.1

99 $36.03 $35.83
96 37.68 36.25
68 30.68 20.82

8

186

5.7

5.6

49.1

46.5

95

5
2
6
8
4
3
5
4
18
3
2

44
27
44
317
29
101
24
12
276
20
4

4.9
6.0
5.6
4*8
4.9
4.8
5.5
3.3
5.8
5.8
5.8

3.8
5.9
4.4
4.2
4.8
4.2
4.5
3.3
4.4
3.3
5.5

55.0
59.1
55.3
50.8
54.0
51.8
56.0
53.1
55.0
53.5
54.0

39.1
61.9
45.9
32.6
41.8
36.9
43.4
29.6
38.7
27.8
49.2

71
105
83
64
77
71
78
56
70
52
91

60

898

5.2

4.3

53.2

37.3

70

19.68 13.51

Two weeks:
North Carolina.................
Other States....................

3
1

7
1

11.7
10.0

9.3
10.0

111.4
120.0

86.1
102.0

77
85

33.42 25.81
25.20 21.40

Total...........................

4

8

11.5

9.4

112.5

88.1

78

32.51 25.26

One week:
Alabama.........................
Connecticut.....................
Georgia...........................
Maine............................
Massachusetts..................
New Hampshire...............
New York.......................
North Carolina.................
Pennsylvania...................
Rhode Island...................
South Carolina.................
Virginia..........................

622
5
243
6
10
855
379
5
15 1,596
607
5
309
4
22 1,043
2
82
9
446
20 1,552
3
210

5.5
6.0
5.9
5.7
5.1
5.2
4.7
5.8
6.0
4.0
5.9
5.5

4.3
5.7
4.2
5.0
4.7
4.8
4.1
4.6
4.6
3.8
4.4
4.8

55.0
50.8
56.1
54.0
48.0
54.0
48.8
55.4
52.5
51.2
55.0
55.1

42.6
48.0
39.1
45.5
38.6
43.1
34.2
42.1
39.5
33.9
38.7
44.0

77
94
70
84
80
80
70
76
75
66
70
80

10.95
20.62
12.51
17.98
20.98
24.62
22.40
13.68
20.21
21.76
12.05
19.12

Total...........................

106 7,944

5.5

4.5

53.0

40.1

76

17.01 12.81

Total....................... .

36.63 34.80

Spinners fram e, male

One week:
Alabama.........................
Connecticut.....................
Georgia...........................
Massachusetts..................
New Hampshire...............
New York.......................
North Carolina.................
Rhode Island...................
South Carolina.............. .
Virginia..........................
Other States....................
Total.......................

10.34
30.67
12.55
25.76
25.92
26.06
10.53
27.13
11.00
18.99
20.79

7.33
32.11
10.42
16.54
20.07
18.55
8.15
15.11
7.75
9.85
18.91

Spinners, fram e, female

8.49
19.49
8.73
15.17
16.85
19.66
15.70
10.40
15.21
14.40
8.47
15.28

Two weeks:
North Carolina.................
Pennsylvania...................
Other States....................

5
2
1

282
19
69

11.7
10.7
10.0

9.2
9.5
8.5

110.4
100.4
120.0

85.7
79.9
91.6

78
80
76

31.68 24.61
24.80 19.72
27.48 20.93

Total........ ..................

8

270

11.3

9.1

111.7

86.5

77

30.61 23.67

5
6
10
3
15
4
4

325
85
404
33
373
94
137

5.6
6.0
5.9
6.0
5.2
5.1
4.7

4.3
5.8
4.6
5.9
4.6
4.7
4.2

55.0
52.5
56.1
54.0
48.9
54.0
49.9

41.9
50.9
43.1
53.0
39.0
41.9
35.4

76
97
77
98
80
78
71

14.03
19.37
15.88
19.33
23.08
24.79
23.25

Doffers, male

One week:
Alabama........................
Connecticut.....................
Georgia..........................
Maine............................
Massachusetts..................
New Hampshire...............
New York.... ..................




10.69
18.75
12.20
18.98
18.38
19.22
16.49

SO
T

WAGES AND HONES— COTTON-GOODS MANUFACTURING

B .—AVERAGE NUMBER OF DAYS WORKED IN PAY PERIOD
BY ESTABLISHMENTS AND BY EMPLOYEES, AVERAGE FULL­
TIM E HOURS, AVERAGE HOURS WORKED, PER CENT OF FULL
TIM E WORKED, AVERAGE FULL-TIME EARNINGS, AND AVERAGE
ACTUAL EARNINGS, 1924, BY OCCUPATION, SEX, PAY PERIOD,
AND STATE—Continued

able

Occupation, sex, pay period,
and State

Num­
ber of
estab­
lish­
ments

Average number
of days worked
in pay period Aver­
Num­
age
by—
ber of
fullem­
time
ploy­
hours
ees Estab­ Em ­ in pay
lish­
ploy­ period
ments
ees

Per
Aver­ cent
age
of
full
hours
time
actually actually
worked worked
in pay in pay
period period

Aver­
Aver­ age
age earn­
full­ ings
time actu­
earn­ ally
ings per re­
pay ceived
period in pay
period

Doffers, mate—Concluded.

One week—Concluded.
North Carolina_______ ____
Pennsylvania.........................
Rhode Island..........................
South Carolina.......................
Virginia...................................
Total....................................

516
19
175
684
121

5.7
6.0
4.1
5.9
5.3

4.7
5.6
4.0
4.3
4.6

65.4
52.9
5a 9
55.0
65.3

43.7
49.9
35.8
39.2
42.3

79 $16.95 $13.34
94 20.58 19.39
70 23.92 16.81
71 14.41 10.27
76 20.02 15.31

103 2,966

5.5

4.5

53.9

41.2

76

18.06 13.69

22
2
9
20
3

Two weeks:
North Carolina.......................
Other States............................

5
1

119
48

11.8
10.0

9.3
8.5

110.8
120.0

87.8
90.8

79
76

36.56 28.96
30.84 23.35

Total....... ...........................

6

167

11.3

9.1

113.4

88.7

78

35.04 27.34

One week:
Connecticut.... .......................
Maine......................................
Massachusetts........................
New Hampshire.....................
North Carolina......................
Pennsylvania........ ................
Virginia...................................
Other States....... ....................

2
4
7
2
3
2
2
3

5
161
167
36
8
25
4
64

5.6
5.9
4.8
4.0
2.8
6.0
4.8
6.0

5.6
5.2
4.6
3.6
2.0
5.0
3.8
4.8

50.8
48.8
46.9
53.9
38.0
47.9
64.0
34.3
55.0 • 18.3
43.1
51.6
33.8
55.0
39.4
48.8

96
'87
79
64
33
84
61
81

19.25
18.22
20.50
21.28
12.93
19.56
12.98
19.47

T o ta l..................................

25

470

5.3

4.8

50.9

41.0

81

19.49 15.60

Two weeks:
All States............................

2

8

11.0

10.8

102.0

91.2

89

24.17 21.60

3
2
2
1
8

13
6
17
1
37

5.7
5.3
6.0
5.0
5.8

4.2
4.5
4.8
5.0
4.5

55.0
55.0
55.0
£5.0
55.0

36.5
40.8
42.2
45.0
40.0

66
74
77
82
73

10.34 6.88
8.03 5.94
11.39 8.75
14.85 12.15
10.56 7.73

294
5
138
6
399
10
5
140
645
15
4
138
4
115
22
515
2
38
9
166
20
676
3
140
105 3,404

5.6
6.0
5.8
5.7
5.2
4.7
4.6
5.7
5.9
4.2
5.9
5.5
5.5

4.8
6.7
4.6
5.3
4.9
4.5
4.2
4.6
4.7
4.0
4.5
4.9
4*7

55.0
51.2
56.0
54.0
47.9
54.0
48.7
55.6
53.2
50.7
55.0
55.2
53.2

45.4
48.0
43.9
48.2
40.0
41.8
35.0
42.2
39.7
34.4
40.1
43.9
41.7

83
94
78
89
84
77
72
76
75
68
73
80
78

9.85
17.56
10.98
16.90
19.88
22.03
20.41
14.07
16.39
19.37
11.11
15.24
15.22

8.11
16.48
8.62
15.10
16.61
17.06
14.66
10.69
12.24
13.14
8.09
12.11
11.83

189
13
40
242

11.7
10.6
10.0
11.4

9.4
8.4
7.6
9.1

110.3
99.7
120.0
111.3

85.6
69.2
82.8
84.3

78
69
69
76

30.66
24.03
24.96
29.38

23.84
16.67
17.26
22.37

Doffers, female

18.48
15.84
16.29
13.51
4.28
16.34
7.96
15.73

Spooler tenders, male

One week:
Alabama........... .....................
Georgia...................................
South Carolina.......................
Other States...........................
Total....................................
Spooler tenders, female

One week:
Alabama__________1______
Connecticut............................
Georgia...................................
Maine......................................
Massachusetts........................
New Hampshire....................
New York ................ ...........
N orth Carolina....................
Pennsylvania..........................
Rhode Island..........................
South Carolina.......................
Virginia...................................
Total____________ ______
Two weeks:
N orth Carolina......................
Pennsylvania..........................
Other States...........................
Total.................... ...............




5
2
1
8

31

GENERAL TABLES

AVERAGE NUMBER OF DAYS WORKED IN PAY PERIOD
BY ESTABLISHMENTS AND BY EMPLOYEES, AVERAGE FULL­
TIME HOURS, AVERAGE HOURS WORKED, PER CENT OF FULL
TIME WORKED, AVERAGE FULL-TIME EARNINGS, AND AVERAGE
ACTUAL EARNINGS, 1924, BY OCCUPATION, SEX, PAY PERIOD,
AND STATE—Continued

T able B .—

Occupation, sex, pay period,
and State

Num­
ber of
estab­
lish­
ments

Average number
of days worked
in pay period Aver­
Num­
age
by—
ber of
full­
em­
time
hours
ploy­
ees Estab­ Em­ in pay
lish­
ploy­ period
ments
ees

Creelers or tiers in, male
One week:
Georgia.A.......................
North Carolina............... .
South Carolina.................
Other States....................
Total...........................

3
9
2
2
16

5
31
2
8
46

Two weeks:
North Carolina.................

5

13

One week:
Alabama.........................
Connecticut.....................
Georgia..........................
Maine............................
Massachusetts..................
New Hampshire...............
New York.......................
North Carolina.................
Rhode Island...................
South Carolina.................
Virginia..........................
Total..........................

4
3
9
3
12
4
3
15
7
17
3
80

Two weeks:
North Carolina........ ........
Other States....................
Total............. .............

Aver­
Per
Aver­ age
Aver­ cent
age earn­
age
full full­ ings
hours of
time
time actu­
actually actually
earn­ ally
worked worked ings
per re­
in pay in pay
pay ceived
period period period
inpay
period

4.0
5.4
5.0
4.8
5.1

57.0
55.1
55.0
57.5
55.7

39.2
50.1
47.5
56.5
49.9

11.4

10.*5

110.0

100.3

91

29.70 27.09

52
13
80
16
116
18
20
54
38
86
9
502

5.7
6.0
5.6
5.7
5.1
5.1
4.3
5.6
4.0
5.7
4.9
5.3

4.9
5.9
4.0
5.4
4.8
4.7
3.5
4.7
4.0
4.6
4.3
4.6

55.0
50.2
56.0
54.0
48.0
54.0
48.0
55.3
50.4
55.0
55.6
52.8

47.8
49.5
37.6
49.7
39.1
43.4
28.6
43.8
33.8
42.0
39.2
40.7

87
99
67
92
81
80
60
79
67
76
71
77

11.17
17.52
11.65
15.01
16.13
20.47
18.53
14.38
14.97
12.87
15.23
14.47

3
1
4

37
4
41

11.5
10.0
11.3

8.7
8.3
8.6

110.0
120.0
111.0

83.7
89.5
84.2

76
75
76

28.82 21.93
18.60 13.88
27.97 21.14

Warper tenders, male
One week:
Alabama.........................
Georgia..........................
Massachusetts..................
North Carolina.................
South Carolina.................
Other States....................
Total...........................

2
2
2
19
8
2
35

3
7
18
61
15
13
117

5.0
6.0
4.4
5.9
5.6
6.0
5.6

4.0
5.7
4.4
5.4
5.3
6.0
5.3

55.0
55.7
56.7
55.2
55.0
49.1
54.8

43.3
54.3
50.6
50.4
49.9
48.7
50.2

79
97
89
91
91
99
92

15.84
16.99
30.84
19.98
16.01
25.09
21.48

Two weeks:
North Carolina.................
Other States....................
Total...........................

5
1
6

15
1
16

11.6
12.0
11.6

9.9
12.0
10.0

110.0
108.0
109.9

94.4
108.0
95.3

86
100
87

5
5
8
5
15
5
4
12
2
9
16
3
89

22
26
51
29
175
33
22
26
9
45
66
24
528

5.8
6.0
5.9
5.6
5.0
4.8
4.6
5.0
5.9
4.4
6.0
5.7
5.3

4.7
5.8
4.9
5.1
4.8
4.7
4.0
4.5
4.4
4.3
5.2
5.4
4.8

55.0
53.9
55.7
54.0
48.0
54.0
49.1
55.5
53.6
51.6
55.0
55.2
52.0

43.5
52.3
47.8
46.3
39.3
43.0
33.4
42.9
38.7
37.5
47.3
48.9
42.7

79
97
86
86
82
80
68
77
72
73
86
89
92

4.6
5.8
5.0
5.0
5.5 |

69 $11.17 $7.68
91 16.47 14.99
86 12.32 10.65
98 24.21 23.81
90 17.04 15.54

Creelers or tiers-in, female

9.71
17.31
7.84
13.81
13.15
16.44
11.02
11.41
10.03
9.83
10.75
11.07

12.50
16.56
27.55
18.22
14.51
24.86
19.67

38.39 32.96
54.00 54.00
39.34 34.28

Warper tenders, female

One week:
Alabama. ......................
Connecticut.....................
Georgia...........................
Maine............................
Massachusetts..................
New Hampshire...............
New York......................
North Carolina.................
Pennsylvania...................
Rhode Island...................
South Carolina.................
Virginia..........................
Total...........................




15.18
22.48
15.15
21.01
21.89
26.41
27.10
17.65
17.58
20.95
15.57
22.80
20.49

12.01
21.80
13.01
18.00
17.91
21.06
18.42
13.66
12.68
15.23
13.41
20.19
16.62

WAGES AND HOURS— COTTON-GOODS MANUFACTURING

32

B .—AVERAGE NUMBER OF DAYS WORKED IN PAY PERIOD
BY ESTABLISHMENTS AND BY EMPLOYEES, AVERAGE FULL­
TIM E HOURS, AVERAGE HOURS WORKED, PER CENT OF FULL
TIM E WORKED, AVERAGE FULL-TIME EARNINGS, AND AVERAGE
ACTUAL EARNtNGS, 1924, BY OCCUPATION, SEX, PAY PERIOD,
AND STATE—Continued

T able

Occupation, sex, pay period,
and State

Num­
ber of
estab­
lish­
ments

Average number
of days worked
in pay period Aver­
age
Num­
by—
full­
ber of
time
em­
hours
ploy­
ees Estab­ Em­ in pay
lish­
ploy­ period
ments
ees

Aver­
Aver­ age
Per
Aver­ cent
age earn­
age
full full­ ings
hours of
time actu­
time
actually actually
earn­ ally
worked worked ings
per re­
in pay in pay pay
period period period ceived
inpay
period

Warper tenders, female— Concld

Two weeks:
North Carolina........ ... .....
Other States....................

2
2

10
6

11.6
10.0

9.9
9.7

111.0
116.0

93.7
101.2

Total...........................

4

16

11.0

9.8

112.9

96.5

85

31.05 26.09

One week:
Connecticut_____________
Massachusetts..................
North Carolina.... ............
Other States.....................

3
6
11
3

11
145
99
59

5.5
4.3
5.5
5.5

5.3
4.3
5.4
5.2

53.4
48.0
55.2
54.5

49.4
35.1
49.6
49.0

93
73
90
90

25.53
37.39
28.10
26.21

314
5.0
- ===== =

4.8
51.7
= = =

42.8
, ---

83

84 $32.19 $27.21
87 29.00 24.23

Beamer tenders, male

2a 58
27.34
25.26
23.56

3a 42 25.84
= — ■■

Total...........................

23

Two weeks:
North Carolina___________
Pennsylvania...................

2
2

8
9

11.8
15.4

10.8
14.9

110.0
98.7

101.9
94.8

93
96

4a 40 44.83
57.15 54.87

Total........ ..................

4

17

11.9

11.2

104.0

98.1

94

53.46 50.14

One week:
North Carolina_____ ____—
Other States............... .....

2
5

3
105

6.0
5.3

6.0
4.9

55.0
51.8

55.0
44.4

100
86

24.71 24.71
23.21 19.91

Total...........................

7

108

5.3

5.0

51.9

44.7

86

23.25 20.04

One week:
Alabama.........................
Connecticut.....................
Georgia...........................
Maine............................
Massachusetts..................
New Hampshire...............
‘ New York.......................
North Carolina.................
Pennsylvania...................
Rhode Island...................
South Carolina.................
Virginia..........................

5
6
10
5
15
5
4
22
2
9
20
3

35
19
58
24
148
52
21
97
8
30
86
32

5.5
6.0
5.9
5.8
5.4
5.0
4.9
5.7
6.0
4.4
5.9
5.4

5.2

5.9
5.4
5.4
5.0
4.9
4.8
5.2
5.9
4.4
5.2
4.9

55.0
52.1
55.9
54.8
48.0
54.0
48.9
55.2
51.5
51.6
55.0
55.3

53.2
50.8
56.5
50.7
41.6
4a 6
41.5
49.8
50.7
37.6
48.3
43.5

97
98
101
93
87
81
85
90
98
73
88
79

16.17
29.96
1&94
30.80
30.53
33.43
2a 41
20.87
26.83
30.60
15.84
22.40

1&64
29.17
17.10
2a 50
2a 42
26.99
24.07
ia 8 3
26.43
22.30
13.89
17.64

24.87

21.42

s

Beamer tenders, female

Slasher tenders, male

Total...........................

106

610

5.5

5.1

52.8

46.8

89

Two weeks:
North Carolina.................
Pennsylvania................ —
Other States....................

5
2
1

18
2
6

11.9
12.0
10.0

11.9
12.0
8.7

110.6
102.0
120.0

114.6
105.5
95.4

104
103
80

44.90 46.56
4A 82 48.41
2a 80 22.89

Total...........................

8

26

11.5

11.2

112.1

109.5

98

41.70 41.24

One week:
North Carolina.................
Other States....................

14
3

55
5

5.7
5.6

4.7
5.2

55.5
54.6

42.0
46.6

76
85

19.48 14.74
11.90 iai8

Total...........................

17

60

5.7

4.8

55.5

42.4

76

18.87 14.36

Two weeks:
All States........................

1

1

12.0

12.0

110.0

110.0

100

32.26 3Z 26

Drawers-in, male




GENERAL. TABLES

33

B ___ AVERAGE NUMBER OF DAYS WORKED IN PAY PERIOD
BY ESTABLISHMENTS AND BY EMPLOYEES, AVERAGE FULL­
TIM E HOURS, AVERAGE HOURS WORKED, PER CENT OF FULL
TIM E WORKED, AVERAGE FULL-TIME EARNINGS, AND AVERAGE
ACTUAL EARNINGS, 1924, BY OCCUPATION, SEX, PAY PERIOD,
AND STATE—Continued

T able

Occupation, sex, pay period,
and State

Num­
ber of
estab­
lish­
ments

Average number
of days worked
in pay period Aver­
Num­
age
by—
fullber of
time
em­
hours
ploy­
ees Estab­ Em­ in pay
lish­
ploy­ period
ments
ees

Aver­
Per
Aver­ age
Aver­ cent
earn­
age
age
full full­ ings
hours of
time
time
actually actually earn­ actu­
worked worked ings per ally
re­
in pay in pay
pay ceived
period period period
inpay
period

Drawers-in, female

One week:
Alabama.........................
Connecticut.....................
Georgia...........................
Maine............................
Massachusetts..................
New Hampshire...............
New York.......................
North Carolina.................
Pennsylvania...................
Rhode Island...................
South Carolina.................
Virginia..........................

5
5
8
5
14
5
4
13
2
5
17
2

37
44
39
34
245
56
24
59
9
41
90
26

5.9
5.9
5.7
5.6
5.2
4.8
5.4
5.7
5.6
6.0
5.9
5.4

5.6
5.4
5.1
5.5
5.0
4.5
4.9
5.1
4.7
5.8
5.1
5.1

55.0
52.3
55.3
54.0
47.9
54.0
48.1
55.2
52.2
48.9
55.0
55.3

50.7
47.4
47.3
48.8
40.8
40.6
39.5
45.5
41.1
46.5
46.2
45.9

92 $11.22 $10.32
91 20.34 18.46
86 14.93 12.77
90 21.28 18.93
85 21.70 18.47
75 26.03 19.58
82 23.81 19.58
82 17.77 14.65
79 16.23 12.78
95 22.35 21.25
84 13.86 11.64
83 23.61 19.60

Total........ ..................

85

704

5.5

5.1

51.7

44.0

85

20.01

Two weeks:
North Carolina.................
Other States.....................

16.81

4
2

11
11

12.0
10.7

9.7
9.0

110.0
115.6

87.7
90.1

80
78

35.31 28.12
23.93 18.02

Total...........................

6

22

11.4

9.4

112.8

88.9

79

29.78 23.07

One week:
Alabama.........................
Connecticut.....................
Georgia...........................
Maine............................
Massachusetts..................
New Hampshire...............
New York......... .............
North Carolina-................
Pennsylvania...................
Rhode Island...................
South Carolina.................
Virginia..........................

5
6
10
5
10
4
4
8
2
6
20
3

21
7
22
10
24
11
15
25
3
10
50
7

5.6
5.9
6.0
5.8
5.5
5.0
5.8
5.9
6.0
5.1
5.8
5.4

5.0
5.9
5.5
5.8
5.5
4.9
5.6
5.4
5.7
4.7
4.9
4.9

55.0
53.0
56.1
54.0
48.0
54.0
48.4
55.2
51.3
51.0
55.0
55.3

49.1
53.4
53.7
53.6
45.1
45.2
47.1
52.4
48.7
40.7
45.7
40.6

89
101
96
99
94
84
97
95
95
80
83
73

Warp-tying-machine tenders, male

19.53
28.78
19.91
28.62
29.38
31.59
27.01
22.52
25.65
30.91
20.02
21.73

17.46
29.00
19.05
28.40
27.59
26.41
26.26
21.37
24.33
24.67
16.65
15.95

Total...........................

83

205

5.7

5.2

53.4

48.0

90

24.14 21.55

Two weeks:
North Carolina.................
Pennsylvania...................
Other States....................

5
2
1

11
3
2

11.5
12.0
12.0

11.4
1210
12.0

110.9
100.0
120.0

110.0
100.0
121.0

99
100
101

46.91 46.57
71.03 71.03
38.16 38.43

Total...........................

8

16

11.6

11.6

110.0

109.5

100

51.04 50.14

5
6
10
5
15
5
4
22
2
9
20
3

196
128
259
135
682
220
115
350
25
185
459
88

5.6
5.9
5.9
5.9
5.3
5.1
5.5
5.9
6.0
4.7
5.9
5.6

5.2
5.8
5.3
5.8
5.2
5.0
5.4
5.5
5.9
4.6
5.4
5.3

55.0
51.3
56.2
54.1
48.6
54.1
48.7
55.3
52.2
51.0
55.0
55.2

50.2
50.4
51.4
52,7
42.9
44.5
44.2
52.0
51.5
40.2
51.5
49.4

91
98
91
97
88
82
91
94
99
79
94
89

21.56
34.52
20.40
35.17
33.83
38.14
33.12
25.05
29.23
35.45
21.51
30.80

19.67
33.92
18.65
34.25
29.89
31.41
30.03
23.56
28.84
27.94
20.14
27.55

106 2,842

5.6

5.3

52.8

47.8

91

29.41

26.11

L oom fixers , male

One week:
Alabama........................
Connecticut.....................
Georgia...........................
Maine............................
Massachusetts..................
New Hampshire..............
New York.......................
North Carolina.................
Pennsylvania...................
Rhode Island...................
South Carolina.................
Virginia..........................
Total...........................




WAGES AND HOURS---- COTTON-GOODS MANUFACTURING

34

B .—-AVERAGE NUMBER OF DAYS WORKED IN PAY PERIOD
BY ESTABLISHMENTS AND BY EMPLOYEES, AVERAGE FULL­
TIM E HOURS, AVERAGE HOURS WORKED, PER CENT OF FULL
TIM E WORKED, AVERAGE FULL-TIME EARNINGS, AND AVERAGE
ACTUAL EARNINGS, 1924, BY OCCUPATION, SEX, PAY PERIOD,
AND STATE—Continued

T able

Occupation, sex, pay period,
and State

L o o m fixers,

Num­
ber of
estab­
lish­
ments

Averagenumber
of days worked
in pay period Aver­
Num­
age
by—
ber of
fullem­
time
ploy­
hours
ees Estab­ Em­ in pay
lish­
ploy­ period
ments
ees

Aver­
Per
Aver­ age
Aver­ cent
earn­
age
age
full full­ ings
hours of
time
time actu­
actually actually
earn­ ally
worked worked ings
per re­
in pay in pay
period period period ceived
in pay
period

mate—Concluded

Two weeks:
North Carolina.................
Pennsylvania...................
Other States.....................

5
2
1

82
8
30

11.5
12.0
10.0

10.8
12.0
9.1

110.7
97.5
120.0

107.3
97.5
95.9

Total...........................

8

120
=====

11.1

10.5

112.2
=====

103.8

535
6
752
6
743
10
326
5
15 2,088
488
5
295
4
27 1,552
66
4
571
9
20 1,308
300
3

10.9
11.9
11.8
11.5
11.2
10.3
10.0
11.6
12.0
9.1
11.8
11.3

8.7
It 4
9.1
10i7
10.4
9.4
8.5
10.0
10.0
8.4
9.3
9.4

111.1
101.6
112.3
108.2
96.1
108.4
101.9
110.6
103.6
105.1
110.0
110.3

86.0
97.7
87.4
99.3
84.3
86.0
74.8
92.7
84.2
73.8
85.2
86.8

77
96
78
92
88
79
73
84
81
70
77
79

33.11
5a 04
3a 26
58.32
52.18
57.67
5a 15
44.35
40.51
56.96
3a 08
55.48

114 9,024

11.2

9.8

105.7

’ 87.1

82

47.46 39.04

Two weeks:
Alabama.........................
Connecticut_________ _
Georgia..........................
Maine..... ......................
Massachusetts..................
New Hampshire...............
New York.......................
North Carolina.................
Pennsylvania...................
Rhode Island...................
South Carolina____ ______
Virginia..........................

476
6
508
6
452
10
369
5
15 2,877
999
5
296
4
900
27
159
4
487
9
834
20
137
3

11.1
12.0
11.9
11.4
10.4
10.3
10.7
11.6
12.0
9.5
11.7
10.7

9.0
11.3
8.9
10.5
9.8
9.4
9.4
9.9
11.1
8.5
9.2
8.4

111.0
100.4
111. 7
108.0
96.2
108.0
98.1
110.4
102.3
101.2
110.0
110.6

86.0
94.8
84.3
95.1
80.6
83.5
77.9
92.3
94.0
73.1
81.2
77.9

77
94
75
88
84
77
79
84
92
72
74
70

29.0$
4a 98
31.95
49.46
4a 85
53.46
52.09
38.75
39.59
52.12
32.89
4a 89

Total...........................

114 8,494

10.9

9.6

103.6

83.9

81

44.44 35.80

97 $52.47 $50.84
100 53.95 £3.95
80 sa 88 40.68
93
■ g--v

52.40 48.51
!"J - ~

Weavers, male

Two weeks:
Alabama.........................
Connecticut.....................
Georgia..........................
Maine............................
Massachusetts..................
New Hampshire...............
New York.......................
North Carolina.................
Pennsylvania...................
Rhode Island...................
South Carolina..... ...........
Virginia..........................
Total___ _______ ______

2a 63
51.01
27.47
53.47
4a 74
4a 73
4L22
37.17
32.94
39.99
27.95
43.67

Weavers, female

22.52.
43.41
24.14
4a 56
39.20
41.30
41.36
32.39
36.40
37.65
24.27
32.97

Trim m ers or inspectors , male

One week:
Georgia...........................
Massachusetts..................
New Hampshire...............
North Carolina.................
Other States....................

3
2
2
18
3

10
7
12
59
12

6.0
4.0
5.9
5.8
6.0

5.1
4.0
3.6
5.3
5.8

56.7
48.0
54.0
55.8
55.0

44.4
35.0
34.0
48.4
53.0

78
73
63
87
96

13.66
2a 54
28.78
iai8
14.25

10.70
18.64
18.14
14.01
ia74

TotaL.........................

28

100

5.7

5.0

55.1

45.9

83

18.02 14.47

Two weeks:
North Carolina.................
Pennsylvania...................
Other States.......... -........

5
2
1

47
2
9

1L5.
12.0
10.0

10.6
11.5
9.0

110.0
102.0
120.0

100.9
97.1
98.3

92
95
82

29.59 27.17
47.94 45.66
22.92 18.78

TotaL..........................

8

58

11.3

10.3

111.3

100.4

90

29.38 26.51




GENERAL TABLES

35

AVERAGE NUMBER OF DAYS WORKED IN PAY PERIOD
BY ESTABLISHMENTS AND BY EMPLOYEES, AVERAGE FULLTIME HOURS, AVERAGE HOURS WORKED, PER CENT OF FULL
TIME WORKED, AVERAGE FULL-TIME EARNINGS, AND AVERAGE
ACTUAL EARNINGS, 1924, BY OCCUPATION, SEX, PAY PERIOD,
AND STATE—Concluded

T able B .—

Occupation, sex, pay period,
and State

Trimmers or inspectors, female
One week:
Alabama________________
Connecticut .... ............
Georgia__________________
Maine..................... ......
Massachusetts..................
New Hampshire................
New York............... .......
North Carolina.................
Pennsylvania...................
Rhode Island...................
South Carolina........ -.......
Virginia..........................
Total...........................
Two weeks:
North Carolina___ _______
Other States....................
Total...........................

Num­
ber of
estab­
lish­
ments

Averagenumber
of days wofked
in pay period Aver­
age
Num­
by—
fullber of
time
em­
hours
ploy­
ees Estab­ Em­ in pay
lish­
ploy­ period
ments ees

Aver­
Per
Aver­ age
Aver­ cent
earn­
age
age
full full­ ings
hours of
time
time actu­
actually actually
earn­ ally
worked worked ings
per re­
in pay in pay
pay ceived
period period period
in pay
period

133
5
77
5
180
9
143
5
336
15
94
5
85
3
11
96
2
31
113
9
237
15
3
30
87 1,555

5.8
6.0
6.0
5.8
5.6
5.4
5.6
6.0
6.0
4.1
6.0
5.5
5.7

5.5
5.8
5.0
5.5
5.4
5.0
5.0
5.6
5.6
3.9
5.1
5.1
5.2

55.0
50.5
55.7
54.0
47.9
54.0
48.6
55.0
52.2
52.5
55.0
55.3
52.6

50.4
48.9
46.4
49.5
43.1
44.9
39.8
50.8
48.7
32.8
45.6
47.9
45.2

92
97
83
92
90
83
82
92
93
62
83
87
86

$9.41
15.71
10.64
14.58
15.28
18.74
16.62
14.03
17.28
18.90
10.40
18.08
14.15

37
10
47

12.0
10.2
11.6

9.3
9.1
9.3

110.0
118.8
111.9

84.4
97.7
87.2

77
82
78

26.40 20.26
21.98 18.21
25.51 19.83

5.6
5.9
5.9
5.9
5.3
5.3
4.9
5.9
5.6
4.3
5.9
5.6
5.4

4.7
5.6
4.7
5.3
4.9
4.9
4.2
4.8
5.0
4.1
4.9
5.1
4.9

53.5
50.8
56.3
53.9
47.8
54.0
49.0
55.1
50.6
50.3
55.0
55.2
51.7

44.3
46.4
45.1
47.1
39.8
44.6
34.8
44.5
42.2
34.4
42.4
46.8
42.3

83
91
80
87
83
83
71
81
83
68
77
85
82

9.15
15.49
11.20
15.09
16.68
19.33
15.39
13.17
14.88
16.35
10.45
14.63
15.35

7.59
14.13
8.99
13.17
13.90
15.95
10.93
10.62
12.40
11.17
8.05
12.39
12.47

11.8
12.0
10.0
11.0

10.1
10.6
8.0
9.1

110.0
98.4
118.3
113.4

85
93.5
88
86.2
71
83.7
88.4 ___ 78_

27.50
31.68
16.21
22.57

23.34
27.74
11.45
17.80

84
46.2
92
47.7
49.4
87
91
49.8
90
43.7
84
45.3
42.2
83
49.3
88
90
46.8
73
38.1
84
46.2
50.2
89
46.3 ____87

13.37
22.75
14.60
22.39
22.11
25.07
21.44
17.69
18.70
21.05
14.27
21.15
18.78

11.27
20.98
12.74
20.42
19.86
21.09
17.80
15.63
16.79
15.41
11.92
18.82
16.11

32.30
41.16
25.97
31.73

28.56
36.95
22.02
27.76

3
2
5

$8.61
15.21
8.85
13.33
13.75
15.55
13.61
12.95
16.11
11.82
8.62
15.67
11.99

Other employees, female

One week:
5
290
Alabama________________
6
165
Connecticut______________
10
339
Georgia___ ______________
284
5
Maine______ ____________
15 1,681
Massachusetts............... .
5
656
New Hampshire...............
4
126
New York_______________
19
309
North Carolina.................
2
80
Pennsylvania...................
9
263
Rhode Island...................
19
324
South Carolina.—________
291
3
Virginia.........................
102 4,808
Total...............................
Two weeks:
5
131
North Carolina...... ...........
2
15
Pennsylvania...................
138
1
Other States....................
Total........................... ___ 8_ 284
Other employees, male

One week:
Alabama..... ......................
Connecticut.....................
Georgia......................... .....
Maine________________
Massachusetts.....................
New Hampshire.............. .
New York.;.....................
North Carolina.................
Pennsylvania...................
Rhode Island...................
South Carolina.................
Virginia..........................
Total...........................
Two weeks:
North Carolina___ _______
Pennsylvania........... .......
Other States....... ....... —
Total...........................




5
6
10
5
15
5
4
22
2
9
20
3
106

1,735
688
2,376
987
4,049
1,225
694
2,482
250
911
3,348
781
19,526

5.7
6.0
5.9
5.9
5.5
5.2
5.3
5.9
6.0
4.6
5.9
5.7
5.7

4.8
5.8
5.1
5.5
5.3
5.0
4.9
5.3
5.4
4.3
5.0
5.2
5.1

54.8
51.7
56.6
54.6
48.7
53.8
50.8
55.8
52.1
52.1
55.3
56.4
53.5

5

741

11,8
12.1
10.7
11.6

10.5
10.8
9.6
10.3

111.0
105.0
119.7
112.5

2
80
231
1
8 1,052

98.2
94.2
101.7
98.7

88

90

85

88

C .—AVERAGE AND CLASSIFIED EARNINGS PER HOUR FOR SPINNERS AND WEAVERS, 1924, BY SEX AND
STATE

co
o*

Number of employees whose earnings per hour w ere—
Num­ Average
ber of earn­
14
10
12
16
20
25
30
40
50
18
60
70
80
90
Un­ and
em­
and and and and and and and and and and and and cents $1.00 $1.10
der under under
ploy­ ings
and and $1.25
per
under
under
under
under
under
under
under
under
under
under
under
and
and
10
ees
under over
hour cents
12
14
18
25
16
20
30
50
40
60
70
80
90 under under
cents cents cents cents cents cents cents cents cents cents cents cents cents $1.00 $1.10 $1.25

WAGES AND HOURS— COTTON-GOODS MANUFACTURING

T able

Occupation, sex, and State

Spinners, mule, male:
Connecticut.
_
__ ____
__________
Massachusetts _
Other States _ _
_ ______ ___

Num­
ber of
estab­
lish­
ments

3
3
2

52 $0,701
118
.785
16
.610

23
1

23
8
4

4
1
9

8
2

8

186

.748

24

35

14

10

691
6
243
6
855
10
5
379
15 1,596
607
5
4
309
27 1,325
4
101
9
446
20 1,552
3
210

.202
.406
.223
.333
.437
.456
.459
.256
.359
.425
.219
.347

Total_______________________

114 8,314

Weavers, male:
A lab am a.___
Connecticut _ __ _ __ ......
Georgia _ . r____ __ _ __ _ _
Maine. _.
_ _ ____ __
Massachusetts. _ .
.......
New Hampshire..
... ___ ...
New York
_ _ _ _ _ _
North Carolina ____ ._
Pennsylvania
.
Rhode Island
......
___
South Carolina.........................

6
535
6
752
10
743
5
326
15 2,088
5
488
4
295
27 1,552
4
66
9
571
20 1,308

Total___________
Spinners, frame, female:
A labam a_____ _
_- —
Connecticut____
Georgia __T . .
__ __ T__
Maine
,
_. _ __ ___,_
Massachusetts _ __
_ _ ___
New Hampshire _
_ __ . _
New York.
North Carolina___
Pennsylvania _ _ _ _ _ ___ ___
Rhode Island __ __ _
South Carolina... __ _
Virginia_____________ _________




277
10
286
32
17
5
3
296
13
3
534
23

81
15
217
57
40
23
9
415
14
29
330
24

37

33

60

60

27

46
7

28
7
44
1

40
9
3
3
2
57
3

77
2

132
4

171
16

486 1,499 1,254 1,567 1,925

1
35

1
27
1

44

91
1
119
22
2
1
63

48

32
1

1
85
3

.319

117

125

220

219

313

.298
.522
.314
.539
.543
.532
.551
.401
.391
.542
.328

4

2

4

9

16

20

4

3

9

12

107
5
101

1
1

2
4

11
2

44
5

io

172

1

1
3

3

1
1

7

4

5

33
76
65
145
368
159
41
333
34
105
137
71

1
117
1
94
982
226
129
10
33
263
6
63

18
15

196
90
350
21
191
73
6
632
22
53
660

140
4
197
5
20
12
1
125
6
5
284

/

32
227
63
70
643
116
69
568
22
147
148

23
11
6
173
163
124
2
45

20
32

5
39

7

52

44

7

1
7
26

4

1

3
550

34

1
239
2
145
676
134
157
131
8
191
12

1
147
1
78
380
95
61
24
134

4

1

36

1
4

1

7
149
52
1
7

18
1

5

39 i
1

i
2

1
2

1

300

.503

114 9,024

.449

5

5

12

18

37

63

443

814 2,341 2,158 1,850

949

292

Weavers, female:
Alabama.........
Connecticut.....
Georgia...........
Maine.............
Massachusetts...
New Hampshire
New York_____
North Carolina..
Pennsylvania....
Rhode Island__
South Carolina..
Virginia..........

6
476
508
6
452
10
369
5
15 2,877
999
5
4
296
27
900
4
159
9
486
834
20
137
3

.262
.458
.286
.458
.487
.495
.531
.351
.387
.515
.299
.422

2

10

10

15
14

8
1
12

25

7

153
13
99
4
13
15

107
8
124 187
164
17
89 126
453 1,079
177 289
18
90
430 200
63
36
49 132
29
363
43
46

1
130
1
101
969
293
132
31
20
182
1
26

37
1
28
251
154
53
8
1
96

5

66
11
4
121
5

137
11
113
17
49
44
2
121
20
5
269
12

Total...........

114 8,493

.429

504

800 2,053 2,266 1,887

632

Virginia..........
Total...........

3

5

1

19
1
3
1

2

4

3
1

8
4

23
3

2

6

5

5

13
2

19

9

18

26

38

49

94

15

47

53

154

28

2
49
23
1

27

6

1
9
2

1

1

15

2
1

95

16

3

2

1

1

1

1
1

2

3

3

GENERAL TABLES




3

CO

D .—AVERAGE AND CLASSIFIED ACTUAL HOURS WORKED IN PAY PERIOD BY SPINNERS AND WEAVERS
WHO WORKED ON AS MANY DAYS AS THE MILLS OPERATED IN PAY PERIOD, 1924, BY SEX AND STATE

T able

00

ONE-WEEK PAT PERIOD

Occupation, sex, and
State

Spinners, frame, female:

Alabam a
__
Connecticut
Georgia
_ _
M aine
Massachusetts
N e w Hampshire
N e w York
North Carolina
___
Pennsylvania.
____
Rhode Island
______
South Carolina _ _
Virginia ,
_____
Total

_____________

Spinners, mule, male:
Connecticut ___
Massachusetts______
Other States_______
Total




Num­
ber of
estab­
lish­
ments

Aver­
16 20 24
age
and and
full­ Num­ Average
hours and
Num­ time
un­
un­
ber hours ber actually der un­
der der
worked
20 24 28
per
week

5 622 55.0 230
6 243 50.8 208
10 855 56.1 215
5 379 54.0 236
15 1,596 48.0 1,244
5 607 54.0 433
4 309 48.8 222
22 1,043 55.4 470
82 52.5
2
27
9 446 51.2 380
20 1,552 55.0 506
3 210 55.1 140

54.6
50.3
54.4
51.8
41.2
47.7
39.4
52.3
52. 5
35.6
51.6
50.2

106 7,944 53.0 4,311

46.5

3
3
8

Number of employees whose hours actually worked in pay period were—

1
2

1

28
and
un­
der
32

32
and
un­
der
34

34
and
un­
der
36

36
and
un­
der
38

38
and
un­
der
40

40
and
un­
der
42

1

*
1

3

22

25

8

5 319
51 19
1

4

89 135
2
2
1

2
3

39
1
2

1
1

6
1

4
31

62 384

5

62

75

1
2

1

3

2 333 205

52 51.4
118 48.0
16 50.3

51
113
12

51.4
46.8
30.9

10

186 49.1

176

47.1

10

10
10

2
52
1

7

2
1
11

8
7
52

178
5
55

42
and
un­
der
44

3

44
and
un­
der
46

18
15
2
16
7
7
43
4

Over 50 52
46
48 and and
and
un­ 48 and
un­ un­ 54
un­
der
der
der der
48
50 52 54

Over
54
and
un­
der
56

56
and
un­
der
58

22
11
6
1

1
8
1
3
1 12
2 170

113
81
84

6

2

54

13

i

58

41

1 267
30
2
23
1 41
1
7

315

9

1

7

28

4

119

1
31

88

1
1 690
18
85
1
5

9 117
2

44
4

40 123 155 931
1

3
1
45
1
6
1
29
1

5

30
4

25
103

1 128

314
95

21 555 1,002

87 115

25
2

1

2

58
and 60
un­ and
der over
60

25

WAGES AND HOURS ---- COTTON-GOODS MANUFACTURING

All em­
ployees

Employees
who worked on
all days on
which there
was work in
occupation in
pay period

D .—AVERAGE AND CLASSIFIED ACTUAL HOURS WORKED IN PAY PERIOD BY SPINNERS AND WEAVERS
WHO WORKED ON AS MANY DAYS AS THE MILLS OPERATED IN PAY PERIOD, 1924, BY SEX AND STATE—Con.

T able

TWO-WEEK PA T PERIOD

All

Occupation, sex, and
State

Total...
Weavers, male:
Alabama.............
Connecticut____
Georgia................
Maine..................
Massachusetts__
New HampshireNew York...........
North Carolina...
Pennsylvania___
Rhode Island.......
South Carolina...
Virginia...............

Total..




Number of employees whose hours actually worked in pay period were—

Aver­
age
Over 115
Over 100 104
Over
Over
56 60 64 68 72 76 80 84 88 92
full­
108
110 and
96 and and
Average 48 48 52 and
and and and and and and and and and
time
and
and
Num­ hours Num­ hours and and and
un­ 120 Over
un­ un­ un­ un­ un­ un­ un­ un­ un­ un­ 96 un­ un­ un­ 108 un­ 110 and
un­
120
ber per ber actually un­ un­ un­
der
der der der der der der der der der der der
der der
der
der
der
der
der
worked
120
104 108
56 60 64 68 72 76 80 84 88 92 96
pay
52
115
110
100
peri­
od

5
2
1

282 110.4
19 100.4
69 120.0

75
11
22

110.0
89.7
109.5

1

6

8

370 111.7

108

107.9

1

6

6 535 111.1 222
6 752 101.6 661
10 743 112:3 243
5 326 108.2 267
15 2,088 96.1 1,726
5 488 108.4 381
4 295 101.9 172
27 1,552 110.6 898
4
40
66 103.6
9 571 105.1 422
20 1,308 110.0 403
3 300 110.3 149

105.3
101.3
113.9
105.9
91.0
95.0
90.1
107.4
100.3
81.3
108.2
104.2

114 9,024 105.7 5,584

98.3

60
8

1
2

3

1

10

1

1

1 20

1 146 2

2 318
2
1
1

5

1 12 147 23

9
6
3 166
42
40
1 48
28 24
1

1

1 24

397

1
1 11 1,327
2
60
2
1 1
12
2 2 147
4
10

7 318 72 192 88 42 74 27 1,947

2

4

1

2

3
2

1
2

3

6

5

1 7 1
1
1
6
204
34 1
22 26"
1
130
30
2 6 29 31
6
18
64
3 35 34 19
2
41 73 97 503

65

4

11

3

1

3

76

3

5

1

125
254
122
18

6

5 16

1
35

44

36

586

2

296
120

GENERAL TABLES

Spinners, frame, female:
North Carolina........
Pennsylvania...........
Other States.............

Num«
ber of
estab­
lish­
ments

Employees
who worked on
all days on
which there
was work in
occupation in
pay period

1 34 78

7 26

5

75 1,565 104 46 120

5

97

CO
ZD

AVERAGE AND CLASSIFIED ACTUAL HOURS WORKED IN PAY PERIOD BY SPINNERS AND WEAVERS
WHO WORKED ON AS MANY DAYS AS THE MILLS OPERATED IN PAY PERIOD, 1924, BY SEX AND STATE—Con.

T able D —

£
°

TWO-WEEK PAT PEBIOD-Concluded

Num­
ber ofestab­
lish­
ments

Number of employees whose hours actually worked in pay period were—

Aver-

Over 115
Over
Over
Over 100 104
56 60 64 68 72 76 80 84 88 92
110 and
108
48 48 52 and
96 and and
and and and and and and and and and
time Num­ Average
Num­ hours
and
and
hours and and and
un­ 120 Over
un­ un­ un­ un­ un­ un­ un­ un­ un­ un­ 96 un­ un­ un­ 108 un­ 110 and
un­
ber per ber actually un­ un­ un­
120
der
der
der
der
der
der
der der der der der der der der
der
der
der
der
der
worked
120
104 108
56 60 64 68 72 76 80 84 88 92 96
pay
115
100
52
110
peri­
od

Weavers, female:
Alabama............
Connecticut___
Georgia,.............
Maine.................
Massachusetts...
New Hampshire.
New York..........
North Carolina..
Pennsylvania__
Rhode Island__
South Carolina..
Virginia..............
Total.




6

6

10

5
15
5
4
27
4

9
20
3

476
508
452
369
2,877
999
296
900
159
486
834
137

111.0

100.4
111.7

ioao
96.2
ioao
oa i
110.4
102.3
101.2
110.0
110.6

185
428
116
286
2,424
773
211
497
124
311
250
64

114 8,493 103.6 5,669

104.8
100.2
112.9
i
104.4
85.6 3
91.5
88.9 1
106.6 4
101.9
81.9
103.3 14
100.7
92.7 22

57
9

1
222
28
1 11
1

130

1

1 222 jl31 40

28
4 641
42 5 334
1
45
1 26
1
2
1

60

5 683 52 335 75

8 1,527
93
2
1

18
....

3

284

35
133
3

126 11 2,075

32

1

94
134
66

5
5
225

332
43
3 5 16 16
1 37 . . . . 50
1
41
2 17 20 15
2
40 64 42 727

2

6 18

4 22 19
19

14

356

25

2 17

177
43
14

870

31 30 73

WAGES AND HOURS— COTTON-GOODS MANUFACTURING

Occupation, sex, and
State

Employees
who worked on
all
days on
All
which there
employees was
work in
occupation in
pay period

T a b l e

E .—AVERAGE AND CLASSIFIED ACTUAL EARNINGS IN PAY PERIOD OF SPINNERS AND WEAVERS WHO
WORKED ON AS MANY DAYS AS THE MILLS OPERATED IN PAY PERIOD, 1924, BY SEX AND STATE
ONE-WEEK PAY PERIOD

All employees

Occupation, sex, and State

Number of employees whose actual earnings in pay period were—

Average
$10 $11 $12 $13 $14 $15 $16 $18 $20 $22 $24 $26 $28 $30 $32 $34 $36 $38 $40 $42 $44
full­
time Num­ Average Un­ and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and $46
Num­ earn­
un­ un­ un­ un­ un­ un­ un­ un­ un­ un­ un­ un­ un­ un­ un­ un­ un­ un­ un­ un­ un­ and
actual
der
ber
ber
ings
earnings $10 der der der der der der der der der der der der der der der der der der der der der over
$11 $12 $13 $14 $15 $16 $18 $20 $22 $24 $26 $28 $30 $32 $34 $36 $38 $40 $42 $44 $46
per pay
period

622 $10.95
243 20.62
12.51
379 17.98
1,596 20.98
607 24.62
309 22.40
1,043 13.68
82 20.21
446 21.76
1,552 12.05
210
19.12
855

230
208
215
236
1,244
433
222
470
27
380
506
140

$11.14
20.50
12.50
17.17
18.05
22.81
18.52
13.41
22.61
15.07
11.44
17.20

76 25 41
4
5
49' 27 26
23 g 7
22 34 168
2 1
" 9 ' 3 40
82 16 58

31
3
15
9
34
2
5
43
1
25 23 62 55
159 66 64 55
18 10 12 12

21
2
22
17
65
1
49
49
1
34
43
9

13
7
23
15
85
16
86’
31*
53
6

9
7
16
16
40
11

12
20
22
33
100
79
1
4
19 43
2
15 43
18 38
1 3

2
31
12
36
201
63
6
58

61
3
34
167
30
6
12
6
31 14
7 1
10 19

30 19 12
21
239
39
3
2
4
32
1
15

6

1

14 3
73 11 4 1
45 62 29 30 12 10
93 2 1
2
7 6
8 6 1
1
15 9
1

16.43 463 218 484 265 313 335 158 394 457 353 386 277 111 41 33 12 10

Total...............

106 7,944

17. 01

4,311

Spinners, mule, male:
Connecticut.........
Massachusetts......
Other States........

52
118
16

36.03
37. 68
30.68

51
113
12

35.94
36. 90
20. 05

7

2
1

5 15

2
6 ” 2"

7
2

8
1
1

2

2

186

36.63

176

35.47

2

7

3

5 15

8

9 15 10

2

T o t a l .......................




2

8
7

1

1
"T

4 9 9 2
9 10 14 11 "23
1

6 14 19 23 13

23

GENER AL TABLES

Spinners, frame, female:
Alabama.............
Connecticut.........
Georgia...............
Maine................
Massachusetts......
New Hampshire. _.
New York...........
North Carolina___
Pennsylvania.......
Rhode Island.......
South Carolina___
Virginia..............

Num­
ber of
estab­
lish­
ments

Employees who
worked on all
days on which
there was work
in occupation in
pay period

t
T able E .— AVERAGE

A ND CLASSIFIED ACTUAL EARNINGS IN PAY PERIOD OF SPINNERS AND WEAVERS WHO
WORKED ON AS MANY DAYS AS THE MILLS OPERATED IN PAY PERIOD, 1924, BY SEX AND STATE—Concluded

&
150

TWO-WEEK PAY PERIOD

Occupation, sex, and State

Num­
ber of
estab­
lish­
ments

Spinners, frame, female:
North Carolina----Pennsylvania........
Other States........ .
Total................




$32.24
21. 60
25.00

1
1

370

30.61

108

29.68

635
762
743
326
2,088
488
295
1,552

222

571
1,308
300

33.08
53.04
35.24
58.32
52.12
57.66
56.10
44.36
40.50
57.02
36.08
55.54

661
243
267
1,728
381
172
898
40
422
403
149

33.
53.
36.
57.
49.
50.
50.
43.
39.
44.
36.
52.

9,024

47.42

5,584

46.91 — -

66

114

Number of employees whose actual earnings in pay period were—

Average
$10 $12 $14 $16 $18 $20 $24 $28 $32 $36 $40 $44 $48 $52 $56 $60 $64 $68 $72 $76 $80
Average
full­
actual Un­ and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and $84
Num­ time Num­ earnings
un­
un­ un­ un­ un­ un­ un­ un­ un­ un­ un­ un­ un­ un­ un­ un­ un­ un­ un­ un­ un­ and
der
ber earnings ber
in pay $10 der der der der der der der der der der der der der der der der der der der der der over
in pay
$
1
2
$14 $16 $18 $20 $24 $28 $32 $36 $40 $44 $48 $52 $56 $60 $64 $68 $72 $76 $80 $84
period
period

282 $31.68
19 24.80
69 27.48

Weavers, male:
Alabama............. .
Connecticut..........
Georgia.............. .
Maine................ .
Massachusetts.......
New Hampshire__
New York............
North Carolina___
Pennsylvania....... .
Rhode Island....... .
South Carolina__...
Virginia.............. .
T otal.......................

Employees who
worked on all
days on which
there was work
in occupation in
pay period

8

1

3

6 12 19 19 21 15

8

1

1

5 22
4
5
1
4 23
3 3

36
2
18
1
50
19

2 15
1 4
3 12
1 9
4

28
3
20
35
12

33
63
44
16
190
15
24
149
4
37
83
7

14
89
20
17
184
12
36
193
5
30
38
14

....

2
1

2

1

1

4

1

1

2 12 12 20 15
4
7 3 1

2

1

2

1
1 2
1
3 'T

1 ! 2 10

2
4

10

35
8
32
1
83
37
2
53
3
41
48
10

31
14
42
4
115
42
6
68
2
62
95
2

36
45
68
4
113
35
13
137
3
63
77

2
81
13
28
215
16
14
116
5
31
9
6

1
89
1
33
209
27
15
71

1
86 79 37 25 24 10

64
176
37
25
28
6
i r 23
2
6 28

32
126
44
21
12
1
31

4

1

35 17 10 4
111 68 31 18
32 27 18 19
12 3 1
5 4 7 5

5
3

3

1

3

1

1

20

8

7

37 13

9

1

7 19 102 224 353 483 594 665 652 536 485 474 383 265 161 99 48 14

7

W AGES A N D H OURS— COTTON-GOODS M A N U F A C T U R IN G

All
employees

Weavers, female:
Alabama.........
Connecticut___
Georgia...........
Maine............
Massachusetts..
New Hampshire.
New York.......
North Carolina..
Pennsylvania__
Rhode Island__
South Carolina..
Virginia.......... .
Total.......... .

29.08
45.98
31.92
49.46
46.84
53.46
52.04
38.76
39. 62
52.12
32.90
46.68

185
428
116
286
2,424
773
497
124
311
250
64

28. 51 ...
46.19 . . .
35.09
47. 58
41.67
45.
47.
38.
39.79
41.86
31.01 14
43.14

114 8,493

44.44

5,669

41.74 15

5
15
5
4
27
4
9

20

3

211

1

2

3

....

'T

1
4

5

___

1
1

2

_____

4

1

5
1
2
15
1
3
..2
1
2

9 32
9
4
4
18 66
7 22
4
1 26
6 7
1 9
5 15
—
1

__
__

38
5
13
2
225
47
9
44
10
13
24
10

40
10
12
12
266
77
15
39
17
35
49
6

28
39
21
29
222
109
22
77
6
55
57
—

14
53
34
23
256
104
11
102
7
52
55
2

10
67
18
36
309
52
14
79
10
39
17
4

3
62
5
41
285
50
6
63
19
17
4
17

53
5
36
283
26
21
27
19
31
3
5

1

2

13 14 2 1
73 34 20 12
80 52 26 20
10 . . . . 1
3
2 2

6
4

2

1

1

56 41 20
39
204
40
40
13
13
11

34
122
46
57
9
6
16

4 11

19
1

5

4

4

6

2

7

2

4

1

9 10 32 47 199 440 578 665 713 655 572 509 420 342 221 112 61 39 14 10

2

O
GENERAL. TABLES




476
508
452
369
2,877
999
296
900
159
486
834
137

6
6
10

4^
Co