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U. S. DEPARTMENT OP LABOR
BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS
ROYAL M EEKER, Comm issioner
BULLETIN OF THE UNITED STATES\
BUREAU OF LABOR S T A T IS T IC S /
W AGES
AND
HOURS
OF
LABOR
* * *
/WHOLE 1£1
\ NUMBER 1 0 1
S E R IE S :
N o.
14
WAGES AND HOURS OF LABOR IN THE
CLOTHING AND CIGAR INDUSTRIES
1911 TO 1913
O C T O B E R 2 4, 1914
W A SH IN G TO N
GO VE R N M EN T P R IN T IN G OFFICE
1915
CONTENTS.
Page.
Clothing manufacturing.................................................................................................. 5-59
Summary..................................................................................................................... 5-14
Explanation of scope and method......................................................................... 14-19
Table I.—Average and classified rates of wages per hour in the United
States, by years, 1911 to 1913.............................................................................. 20-26
Table II.—Average and classified rates of wages per hour in each year, by
cities, 1912 and 1913............................................................................................. 27-37
Table III.— Average and classified full-time hours per week in the United
States, by years, 1911 to 1913............................................................................. 38-43
Table IV.—Average and classified full-time hours per week in each year,
by cities, 1912 and 1913....................................................................................... 44-53
Table V.—Average full-time hours per week and average full-time weekly
earnings, by cities, 1912 and 1913..................................................................... 54-59
Cigar manufacturing........................................................................................................ 61-77
Summary..................................................................................................................... 61-64
Explanation of scope and method......................................................................... 64-66
Rates of wages in Pittsburgh..................................................................................
67
Table I.—Average and classified rates of wages per hour in the United
States, by years, 1911 to 1913............................................................................. 68-71
Table II.—Average and classified rates of wages per hour in each year, by
cities, 1912 and 1913............................................ : .............................................72-77
3
BULLETIN OF THE
U. S. BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS.
W H O LE N O . 161.
W ASH IN G TO N .
O C T O B E R 24, 1914.
WAGES IN THE CLOTHING AND CIGAR INDUSTRIES,
1911 TO 1913.
MEN’S CLOTHING MANUFACTURING.
SUMMARY.
In this report are shown the prevailing full-time weekly earnings,
full-time hours of labor per week, and rates of wages (or earnings) per
hour of employees in the principal occupations in the manufacture of
men’s factory-made clothing in the United States. The information
herein contained was furnished by representative establishments in
the leading clothing-manufacturing cities. Figures are given for the
years 1911, 1912, and 1913. Earlier reports have presented rates of
wages and hours of labor in this industry for tKe years 1890 to 1907
and for the years 1911 and 1912.1 Data were not collected by this
Bureau for the years 1908 to 1910.
Full-time weekly earnings in this industry in 1913 were 8.3 per cent
higher than in 1912, and 10.7 per cent higher than in 1911. Full-time
hours of labor per week in 1913 were 5.1 per cent lower than in 1912
and 5.3 per cent lower than in 1911. Kates of wages or earnings per
hour in 1913 were 13.5 per cent higher than in 1912 and 16.3 per cent
higher than in 1911.
Summary figures for each occupation covered by this report are
given in the table below. According to the plan of the table direct
comparisons can be made properly only between the data for succes
sive years coming from identical establishments. Data from iden
tical establishments for successive years are grouped in the table.
A greater number of the establishments have been canvassed each
succeeding year.
The data are for one pay-roll period in each year, generally a pay
period in July or August. With few exceptions the pay period cov
ered one week.
1 The Nineteenth Annual R eport covers 1890 to 1903; Bulletin N o. 59 (July, 1905) covers 1903 and 1904;
Bulletin N o. 65 (July, 1906) covers 1904 and 1905; Bulletin No. 71 (July, 1907) covers 1905 and 1906; Bulletin
N o. 77 (July, 1908) covers 1906 and 1907; and Bulletin N o. 135 (September, 1913) covers 1911 and 1912.
5
6
BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS.
A V E R A G E A N D C L A S S IF IE D F U L L -T IM E H O U R S P E R W E E K , A V E R A G E A N D C LAS
S IF IE D R A T E S OF W A G E S P E R H O U R , A N D A V E R A G E F U L L -T IM E W E E K L Y E A R N
IN GS, IN E AC H OF T H E P R IN C IP A L OC C U PA TIO N S IN M E N ’ S C L O S I N G M A N U F A C
T U R IN G , 1911 TO 1913.
[The figures for each tw o years grouped are for identical establishments.]
Occupation, sex, and
number of establish
ments.
Per cent of em ploy
ees whose full
tim e hours per
week were—
Num Averber
of
Year. em tim e
Over 57
54
ploy hours
to
per Un
ees. week.
60,
der
54 and
un in
54.
der clu
57. sive.
Basters, coat, female:
36 establishments.. 1911
1912
full
IU
11-
Per cent of employees
earning each classified
rate of wages per hour. A ver
A ver
age
age
full
rate of
tim e
12
16
20
wages
week
Un and and and 25
per
ly
hour. der un un un cts. earn
12 der der der and ings.
25 over.
cts.
16
20
cts. cts. cts.
2.3 61.2 20.6 15.9 SO. 1756 15.9 29.2 23.5 18.7 12.6 $9.64
2.1 65.6 17.1 15.2 .1776 17.3 25.6 23.1 21.0 13.0 9.76
603
668
55.2
55.1
50 establishments.. 1912
1913
Basters, pants, female:
11 establishments.. 1911
1912
839
924
55.5 3.2 52.0 22.5 22.3
52.4 81.9 18.1
.1654 25.3 26.6 20.7 17.4 10.0
.1843 18.7 23.7 21.4 17.6 18.5
9.15
9.64
152
166
55.0
54.8
4.6 63.2 18.4 13.8
3.0 68.1 17.5 11.4
.1529 32.8 26.3 25.6 10.5 4.6
.1774 15.6 27.8 25.9 20.5 10.2
8.42
9.71
20 establishments.. 1912
1913
Basters, vest, female:
17 establishments.. 1911
1912
183
127
54.8 2.7 67.8 14.8 14.8
52.7 73.2 26.8
.1682 27.3 26.8 18.0 16.4 11.5
.1659 16.5 38.6 22.8 13.4 8.7
9.20
8.74
161
212
54.7 11.2 44.7 34.2
54.7 3.3 59.9 27.4
9.9
9.4
.1806 10.4 23.6 26.7 34.2 4.9 9.86
.2007 10.4 18.9 21.2 26.9 22.7 10.96
274
207
55.4 1.8 46.4 30.3 21.5
52.9 54.1 37.2 8.7
.1845 19.0 21.2 19.0 23.4 17.5 10.17
.2041 11.1 19.8 15.9 29.5 23.7 10.76
916
1,046
55.0
55.0
.1727 17.8 27.7 24.4 20.1 10.0
.1823 15.7 24.6 23.1 22.1 14.5
9. 48
9.99
1,296
1,258
55.4 2.9 53.0 23.1 21.1 *. 1698 24.2 25.5 20.0 18.5 11.8
52.5 76.5 22.1 1.4
.1857 17.2 24.6 20.7 19.2 18.4
9.37
9.73
2,668
2,427
54.8
54.8
56 establishments.. 1912
1913
Hand sewers, pants,
female:
25 establishments.. 1911
1912
2,888
2,779
55.2 7.5 49.6 24.4 18.4
52.1 86.2 13.8
656
819
54.9
54.5
8.5 15.3
5.7 9.3
35 establishments.. 1912
1913
H and sewers, vest, fe
male:
21 establishments.. 1911
1912
937
830
26 establishments.. 1912
1913
Basters, all, fem ale:1
50 establishments.. 1911
1912
73 establishments.. 1912
1913
H and sewers, coat, fe
male:
39 establishments.. 1911
1912
30 establishments.. 1912
1913
H and sewers, all, fe
male: 2
61 establishments.. 1911
1912
.....
.....
4.3 58.6 22.6 14.5
2.5 64.8 19.2 13.5
3.6 60.7 27.7
6.2 59.4 24.8
5.7
6.0
8. 45
8.60
.1526 30.3 30.7 21.3 12.4 5.3
.1776 14.4 30.7 25.7 18.4 10.9
8.40
9.25
.1407 40.4 25.6 19.9 11.3
.1530 30.4 28.1 23.9 13.9
2.8
3.7
7.69
8.32
54.7 6.0 68.6 13.2 12.2
52.0 88.0 12.0
.1497 31.4 30.1 23.3 12.0
.1633 17.0 33.7 27.8 17.5
3.3
4.0
8.18
8.50
339
512
54.6
54.3
.1671 19.8 27.2 26.0 20.6
.1731 18.7 22.7 28.1 25.0
6.5
5.7
9.10
9.40
570
552
54.9 3.3 58.9 25.8 11.9
52.2 84.1 11.6 4.3
7.4 68.9
7.7 77.3
3.8 58.7 32.4
3.7 72.7 21.3
8.1
9.7
5.0
2.3
.....
4.3 62.0 24.7
6.2 65.1 20.1
.1545 30.0 29.1 20.3 14.9
.1571 26.8 30.3 23.3 13.6
.1646 23.9 24.7 25.4 21.1 4.9 9.00
.1921 11.2 16.7 27.2 30.8 14.1 10.01
3,663
3,758
54.8
54.7
9.1
8.5
.1532 30.8 28.4 20.7 14.8
.1584 26.3 28.7 24.1 15.2
5.2
5.4
8.37
8.65
89 establishments.. 1912
1913
Operators, coat, fe
male:
34 establishments.. 1911
1912
4,395
4,161
55.1 6.7 54.9 22.2 16.2
52.1 86.3 13.1
.6
.1535 29.7 29.8 22.3 13.4
.1767 14.5 29.4 26.3 19.8
4.8
9.9
8.43
9.20
54.2
54.1
44 establishments.. 1912
1913
949
1,031
756
833
.....
7.1 76.7 13.6
8.1 80.2 9.6
2.5
2.1
.1945 14.7 21.4 20.2 25.3 18.4 10.53
.1908 15.9 21.3 21.3 21.8 19.5 10.32
54.3 7.4 73.8 15.3
52.1 86.1 13.9
3.6
.1835 19.0 23.2 21.3 19.3 17.3 9.95
.1989 10.9 23.1 21.2 20.3 24.5 10.36
.....
1 This group is a com bination of the preceding female coat, pants, and vest basters.
2 This group is a com bination of the preceding female coat, pants, and vest hand sewers.
WAGES AND HOURS OF LABOR, 1911 TO 1913---- MEN*S CLOTHING.
7
A V E R A G E A N D C L A S S IF IE D F U L L -T IM E H O U R S P E R W E E K , A V E R A G E A N D C L A S
S IF IE D R A T E S O F W A G E S P E R H O U R , A N D A V E R A G E F U L L -T IM E W E E K L Y E A R N
IN G S IN E A C H O F T H E P R IN C IP A L O C C U PA TIO N S IN M E N 'S C L O T H IN G M A N U F A C
T U R IN G , 1911 TO 1913—Continued.
Occupation, sex, and
number of establish
ments.
Per cent of em ploy
ees whose full
time hours per
week were—
N um Aver
age
ber
full
of
Year em time
Over 57
54
to
ploy hours
per U n
ees. week. der
54 and 60,
un in
54.
der clu
57. sive.
Operators, pants, fe
male:
26 establishments.. 1911
1912
39 establishments.. 1912
1913
Operators, vest, fe
male:
17 establishments.. 1911
1912
Per cent of employees
earning each classified Aver
rate of wages per hour.
A ver
age
full
age
rate of
time
12
16
20
wages
week
Un and and and 25
per
ly
hour. der un un un cts. earn
12 der der der and ings.
cts.
16
25 over.
20
cts. cts. cts.
599
752
54.8 10.2 57.3 21.5 11.0 $0.1803 17.4 26.0 25.6 16.9 14.1 $9.83
54.6 7.8 64.2 17.7 10.2 .1870 16.7 23.2 21.1 21.7 17.2 10.21
806
890
54.8 6.2 57.9 23.6 12.3
52.3 78.3 21.7
312
366
54.4
54.2
407
397
54.6 4.2 53.6 31.4 10.8
52.3 78.6 16.1 5.3 ........
.2068 12.0 18.9 21.4 22.1 25.6 11.27
.2364 7.8 12.6 17.4 23.2 39.0 12.36
7.9 66.6 18.8
7.5 71.8 14.9
5.4 59.9 26.3
5.0 68.0 21.3
8.3
5.7
.1819 18.4 24.3 21.0 21.7 14.6 9.9$
.2019 9.3 23.7 21.7 21.2 24.0 10.55
.2064
.2181
6.7 19.9 26.3 23.7 23.4 11.28
6.2 17.7 23.3 23.$ 29.0 11.82
22 establishments.. 1912
1913
Operators, all, female:
55 establishments.. 1911
1912
1,667
1,951
54.5
54.3
6.7
5.9
.1916 14.2 22.8 23.2 22.0 17.8 10.43
.1945 14.4 21.4 21.6 22.1 20.5 10.56
76 establishments.. 1912
1913
2,162
2,318
54.5 6.3 64.1 21.4 8.2
52.2 81.8 17.3
.9 ........
.1873 17.4 22.8 21.2 20.7 17.9 10.20
.2065 9.7 21.5 20.8 21.1 26.8 10.77
16
25
20
Un and and and 30
der un un un cts.
16 der der der and
cts. 20
25
30 over.
cts. cts. cts.
Basters, coat, male:
30 establishments.
1911
1912
1,112
1,036
55.3
55.2
7.0 41.7 38.1 13.1
7.4 46.2 33.2 13.1
.2203 21.6 20.1 24.8 20.2 13.2 12.15
.2179 21.0 21.0 26.4 18.1 13.6 12.01
54 establishments. 1912
1913
Hand sewers, coat,
male:
18 establishments.. 1911
1912
1,409
1,472
55.7 8.7 34.6 31.9 24.9
52.5 74.0 26.0 ........ ........
.2151 22.4 22.4 25.6 16.4 13.2 11.94
.2540 12.9 14.9 23.8 21.7 26.6 13.30
221
190
55.8 6.8 31.7 37.6 23.9
56.0 11.6 25.8 37.4 25.3
.2037 29.5 27.2 19.9 10.9 12.7 11.34
.2171 18.4 24.7 27.4 18.4 11.0 12.11
1912
1913
305
145
56.2 9.8 19.7 25.4 35.1
52.2 84.1 15.9 ........ ........
.2120 21.3 22.0 29.8 17.7 9.2 11.90
.2564 17.2 17.2 17.9 10.3 37.2 13.34
1911
1912
913
878
53 establishments. 1912
Operators,pants,male: 1913
20 establishments.. 1911
1912
40 establishments.. 1912
Operators, vest, male: 1913
16 establishments.. 1911
1912
25 establishments.. 1912
1913
Operators, all, male:2
46 establishments.. 1911
1912
87 establishments.. 1912
1913
Pressers, coat, male:
40 establishments. 1911
1912
1,364
1,653
55.9 4.7
56.0 5.9
56.2 9.8
52.5 66.9
56.8 5.9
56.8 6.6
56.5 3.8
52.3 76.6
55.2 10.1
54.7 5.7
56.3 3.1
52.8 58.0
56.1 5.5
56.1 6.1
35 establishments.
Operators, coat, male:
31 establishments..
57 establishments.. 1912
1913
439
515
890
704
109
140
226
224
1,461
1.533
2,480
2,581
1,573
1,606
2,027
2,274
30.7 40.6 24.0
30.4 37.8 25.8
23.5 39.6 36.1
33.1
26.0 23.2 44.8
32.4 15.9 45.1
27.2 29.7 39.2
23.0
.4 ........
31.2 43.1 15.6
26.4
57.9
10.0
35.8 25.2 35.8
35.7 6.3 ........
29.3 35.6 29.6
33.6 29.4 30.9
27.0 29.8 37.2
30.6
.7 ........
52.2 33.0 10.4
52.9 30.0 10.1
56.3 7.1
52.5 68.8
55.1 4.5
55.0) 7.0
55.4! 8.1 42.0 30.1 19.8
52.3' 81.6 18.4 ........ ........
.2641 13.0
.2656 11.1
.2615 11.1
.2948 11.6
.2418 16.9
.2427 14.9
.2495 12.1
.3253 8.5
.3103 5.5
.3258 2.8
.3041
.3627
.2608
.2659
.2610
.3090
.2397
.2482
10.6
4.5
13.6
11.5
11.4
10.1
13.0
9.9
.2441 11.9
.287* 5.8
9.3 23.9 21.5
8.4 23.3 26.2
9.8 25.2 25.1
8.5 15.2 18.0
11.8 26.7 21.6
14.4 26.4 22.5
12.6 24.4 27.9
6.3 11.2 16.2
6.5 13.8 18.3
3.6 7.1 17.1
4.0 15.0 19.9
3.6 8.0 12.5
9.9 24.0 21.3
10.0 22.9 24.1
10.3 24.0 25.6
7.5 13.5 17.0
16.9 23.2 28.7
14.4 25.3 29.9
13.5 27.1 28.3
10.5 16.3 21.7
1 This group is a com bination of the preceding female coat, pants, and vest operators.
of the preceding male coat, pants, and vest operators.
2 This group Is a com bination
32.4 14.70
31.0 14.80
28.7 14.63
46.6 15.41
23.0 13. 71
22.0 13.76
23.0 14.08
57.8 16.98
55.9 17.11
69.2 19.28
50.4 16.95
71.4 19.07
31.4 14.58
31.5 14.86
28.7 14.64
51.8 16.16
18.3 13.18
20.4 13.63
19.2 13.49
45.8 15.03
8
BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS.
A V E R A G E A N D C L A S S IF IE D F U L L -T IM E H O U R S P E R W E E K , A V E R A G E A N D C LAS
S IF IE D R A T E S OF W A G E S P E R H O U R , A N D A V E R A G E F U L L -T IM E W E E K L Y E A R N
IN G S IN E A C H O F T H E P R IN C IP A L OC C U PA TIO N S IN M E N ’ S C L O T H IN G M A N U F A C
T U R IN G , 1911 TO 1913—Concluded.
Occupation, sex, and
number of establish
ments.
Per cent of em ploy
ees whose full
tim e hours per
Aver
week were—
N um age
ber full
of
time
Year. em
Over 57
54
p loy hours
to
per U n
60,
ees. week. der
54 and
un in
54.
der clu
57. sive.
Pressers, pants, male:
29 establishments.. 1911
1912
Per cent of employees
earning each classified
rate of wages per hour.
Aver
age
rate of
25
wages
16
20
per
U n and and and 30
hour. der un un un cts.
16 der der der and
30 over.
cts.
20
25
cts. cts. cts.
Avertime
week
ly
earn
ings.
7.5 47.4 23.9 21.2 $0.2496 15.0 20.4 16.2 20.2 27.9 $13.84
7.2 57.5 17.6 17.8 .2788 6.8 15.6 19.3 18.9 39.5 15.40
401
461
55.4
55.2
47 establishments.. 1912
1913
Pressers, vest, male:
20 GstEblishments. • 1911
1912
637
586
55.4 4.7 45.1 29.8 20.4
52.2 86.2 13.5
.3 ........
.2706
.3104
6.4 13.3 22.3 25.1 32.8 14.99
4.3 9.7 15.4 18.3 52.4 16.19
186
225
54.7
54.5
4.8 54.8 29.0 11.3
4.9 64.4 23.6 7.1
.2629
.2852
5.9 18.3 20.4 22.6 32.8 14.37
7 .1 6.7 16.9 22.7 46.6 15.52
31 establishments.. 1912
1913
274
251
55.1 3.3 50.4 30.7 15.7
52.5 74.9 21.1 4.0 ........
.2749
.3360
9.9
3.6
Pressers, all, male:1
64 establishments..
7.3 20.8 21.5 40.5 15.10
7.2 12.4 20.3 56.6 17.60
1911
1912
2,160
2,292
55.1
55.0
5.0 51.5 31.0 12.4
6.8 55.0 26.9 11.3
.2435 12.8 17.6 21.7 26.6 21.4 13.40
.2580 9.1 13.9 23.3 27.0 26.8 14.17
102 establishments. 1912
1913
2,938
3,111
55.4 6.9 43.4 30.1 19.5
52.3 81.9 17.7
.4 ........
.2527 10.5 12.9 25.5 27.0 24.1 13.97
.2959 5.3 10.1 15.8 20.9 47.9 15.45
30
25
20
Un and and and 40
der un un un cts.
20 der der der and
40 over.
cts. 25
30
cts. cts. cts.
Bushelers and tailors,
male:
42 establishments.. 1911
1912
496
454
54.2 23.4 27.4 37.1 12.1
54.2 23.3 31.7 32.4 12.6
.2475 21.8 27.0 32.9 17.3
.2477 17.3 33.9 28.0 20.5
1.0 13.33
.2 13.34
574
644
54.8 19.9 29.1 31.7 19.3
52.4 82.8 13.7 ........ 3.6
.2434 20.6 34.3 27.4 17.6
.2683 10.6 27.6 32.5 26.7
.2 13.28
2.6 14.01
1,545
1,694
49.9 73.9 24.1 1.3
49.9 68.5 30.6 ........
.4035
.4032
50 establishments.. 1912
1913
Cutters,cloth,machine,
male:
26 establishments.. 1911
1912
1,865
1,743
42 establishments.. 1912
1913
Examiners, shop and
stock room , male:
31 establishments.. 1911
1912
58 establishments.. 1912
1913
Cutters, cloth, hand,
male:
39 establishments.. 1911
1912
.6
.8
1.0
.9
3.0
2.3
7.6 35.7 52.7 20.01
9.0 34.2 53.7 19.99
.8
49.7 73.5 25.7
.9 ........ ........
48.9 99.1
.4083
.8
. 4355 ........
2.0
.6
8.2 32.9 56.1 20.18
1.7 30.2 67.5 21.22
101
90
50.3 75.2 5.0 12.9
49.9 73.4 23.3 ........
.4412
.4371
5.0
5.5
1.0
2.2
6.9 18.8 68.3 21.89
4.4 17.8 69.9 21.61
147
166
50.5 67.3 21.1
11.6
49.3 95.2 4.8 ........ ........
.4366 3.4
.4512 ........
1.4
1.8
5.4 21.8 68.0 21.82
1.8 20.5 75.9 22.19
269
268
52.4 37.9 53.5
52.2 39.2 54.9
5.6
3.4
3.0
2.6
.2914
.3023
4.0 19.3 33.5 38.3
6.3 10.8 39.6 35.4
4.8 15.20
7.8 15.67
1912
1913
403
418
53.1 39.7 37.5
51.8 70.3 29.2
7.2 15.6
.5 ........
.2920
.2978
5.7 15.4 39.2 33.7
4.1 14.1 35.4 40.7
6.0 15.39
5.7 15.37
Fitters or trimmers,
coat, male:
32 establishments.. 1911
1912
140
131
54.5
54.4
2.1
2.3
.2943 10.0 16.4 36.4 25.7 11.5 16.05
.2970 9.2 17.6 35.9 29.0 8.4 16.16
48 establishments.. 1912
1913
194
180
55.1 9.3 47.9 27.8 14.9
52.1 79.4 20.6
........
........
.2915 11.3 18. CI 33.0 27.3 10.3 16.05
.3450 3.9 8.SI 25.6 28.9• 32.8 17.97
51 establishments.
6.4 59.3 32.1
6.1 70.2 21.4
6.9
3.3
This group is a com bination of the preceding male coa t, pants, and vest pressors.
WAGES AND HOTJES OF LABOR, 1011 TO 1913--- M EN
V
CLOTHING.
9
From the table it is seen that in 1913 the average full time weekly
earnings of male employees, represented by 13 occupations, ranged
from $13.30 for basters, coats, to $22.19 for cutters, cloth, machine.
For females, represented by 9 occupations, the average full-time
weekly earnings varied from $8.50 for hand sewers, pants, to $12.36
for operators, vests. The average hours of labor in 1913 of nearly
all occupations were between 52 and 53 per week. For cutters, the
average was about 49 hours per week.
It will be observed that the full-time weekly earnings are not
exactly the same as the product of the average rate of wages per
hour and the average full-time hours per week. The difference is
explained on page 18.
Wages and hours of labor differ in different establishments, hence
the inclusion or exclusion of one or more establishments in a group,
if the wages and hours thereof differ considerably from, the average,
may raise or lower the average for the group. Referring to the above
table it is seen that the average full-time weekly earnings of female
coat basters in 36 establishments in 1912 was $9.76, while in 50
establishments, in the same year, the average was $9.15. In 36
establishments there was an increase in full-time weekly earnings
from $9.64 in 1911 to $9.76 in 1912, and in 50 establishments there
was an increase from $9.15 in 1912 to $9.64 in 1913. While the
average weekly earnings of the two different groups of establishments
happen to be the same in 1911 and 1913, the first group of comparable
figures shows an increase from 1911 to 1912 and the second group
of comparable figures shows an increase from 1912 to 1913. Thus,
the figures of the two groups considered together indicate an increase
of weekly earnings for the occupation between 1911 and 1913. As
before stated, direct comparison can be made only between the data
for identical establishments in two consecutive years.
Owing to a change in the number of establishments from year to
year, and the consequent change in the averages, it is difficult to make
a comparison of the actual data over a period of years which will give
an exact measure of the changes. To aid in the making of such a
comparison, relative (or index) numbers have been computed from
the averages of the preceding table for full-time hours per week, rates
of wages per hour, and full-time weekly earnings for each occupation
for the years 1911 to 1913, inclusive. These relative numbers are
simply percentages in which the figures for 1913 are taken as the base,
or 100 per cent. The relative for each year is the per cent that the
average for that year is of the average for 1913, as determined by the
method explained and illustrated on page 18. Thus, in the table
below, the full-time weekly earnings of female coat basters in 1911
were 93.8 per cent of the full-time weekly earnings in 1913, as de
termined from the two groups of comparable averages shown in the
table above. In 1912 the relative full-time weekly earnings in this
occupation were 94.9 per cent of such earnings in 1913.
10
BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS.
R E L A T I V E F U L L -T IM E H O U R S P E R W E E K , R A T E S OF W A G E S P E R H O U R , A N D F U L L
T IM E W E E K L Y E A R N IN G S IN T H E P R IN C IP A L O C C U PA TIO N S IN M E N ’S C L O T H IN G
M A N U F A C T U R IN G , 1911 TO 1913.
Basters, coat, male.
Year.
Basters, pants, fe
male.
85.6
84.7
100.0
90.8
89.8
100.0
106.1
105.9
100.0
88.7
89.7
100.0
93.8
94.9
100.0
104.4
104.0
100.0
87.4
101.4
100.0
91.3
105.3
100.0
Basters, all, female.1 Bushelers and tailors, Cutters, cloth, hand,
male.
male.
191 1
191 2
191 3
*.............
191 1
191 2
191 3
105.5
105.5
100.0
86.6
91.4
100.0
91.4
96.3
100.0
74.7
94.8
100.0
102.9
102.5
100.0
106.0
105.8
100.0
9-1.5
98.1
100.0
97.1
100.1
100.0
84.3
91.7
100.0
89.0
96.2
100.0
Operators, coat, fe
male.
104.4
104.2
100.0
94.0
92.3
100.0
98.0
96.0
100.0
Operators, vest, fe
male.
104.8
104.4
100.0
191 1
191 2
191 3
90.6
90.7
100.0
Fitters or trimmers,
coat., male.
106.0
105.2
100.0
191 1
191 2
191 3
104.6
104.6
100.0
Examiners, shop and
stock room , male.
Hand sewers, pants,
female.
191 1
191 2
191 3
82.8
87.5
100.0
86.6
91.2
100.0
83.7
84.5
100.0
88.7
89.3
100.0
H and sewers, vest,
female.
105.8
105.2
100.0
82.7
85.7
100.0
87.0
89.9
100.0
Operators, pants,
male.
108.0
108.0
100.0
76.4
82.6
76.7 f 82.9
! ioo. o
!
ioo. o
Operators, all, male.a
107.2
107.2
100.0
82.8
84.5
100.0
88.9
90.6
100.0
Pressers, pants, male. Pressers, vest, male.
191 1
191 2
191 3
106.5
106.1
100.0
1 This
2 This
» This
4 This
5 This
Basters, vest, female.
Rela
Rela Rela
Rela Rela
Rela Rela
Rela Rela
Rela tive
Rela tive
Rela tive
tive
tive
tive
tive
tive
full
tive
tive
full
tive
full
full
tive
full
full rate of time
full rate of tim e
full rate of tim e
rate of time
time wages week tim e wages week time wages week tim e wages week
hours
hours
hours
hours
per
per
per
per
ly
ly
ly
ly
per
per
per
per
hour. earn week.
hour. earn week. hour. earn week. hour. earn
week.
ings.
ings.
ings.
ings.
106.3
106.1
100.0
191 1
191 2
191 3
Basters, coat, female.
group
group
group
group
group
is
is
is
is
is
78.0
87.2
100.0
83.2
92.6
100.0
a com bination
a com bination
a com bination
a com bination
a com bination
105.3
105.0
100.0
of
of
of
of
of
75.4
81.8
100.0
79.4
85.8
100.0
the preceding
the preceding
the preceding
the preceding
the preceding
101.6
101.6
100.0
93.8
95.2
93.8 j 95.1
100.0 100.0
Hand sewers, coat,
male.
107.3
107.7
100.0
77.6
82.7
100.0
83.5
89.2
100.0
Hand sewers, all,
female.2
106.0
105.8
100.0
84.0
86.9
100.0
88.7
91.6
100.0
Operators, pants,
female.
105.2
104.8
100.0
86.9
90.1
100.0
91.3
94.3
100.0
Operators, all, fe
male.4
104.8
104.4
100.0
89.3
90.7
100.0
93.5
94.7
100.0
104.7
104.7
100.0
81.3
90.4
100.0
Cutters, cloth, ma
chine, male.
103.3
102.4
100.0
97.7
96.8
100.0
80.6
85.4
100.0
99.6
98.3
100.0
Hand sewers, coat,
female.
106.0| 84.5
106.0
85.9
100.0 100.0
89.2
90.8
100.0
Operators, coat, male.
106.9| 88.2
107.1
88. 7
100.0 100.0
94.3
94.9
100.0
Operators, vest, male.
107.6
106.6
100.0
79.9
83.8
100.0
78.9
88.9
100.0
Pressers, coa l, male.
106.1
105.9
100.0
81.9
84.8
100.0
Pressers, all, male.5
106.1
105.9
100.0
85.0
94.5
100.0
85.5
90.4
100.0
female coat, pants, and vest basters.
female coat, pants, and vest hand sewers.
male coat, pants, and vest operators.
female coat, pants, and vest operators.
male coat, pants, and vest pressers.
86. S
89.8
100.0
WAGES AND HOURS OF LABOR, 1911 TQ 1913---- MEN^S CLOTHING.
11
The relative numbers for the several occupations in the above table
show a general tendency toward a reduction of working hours and
increase in rates of wages and of earnings per full week in this industry.
No data are available to show the amount of work afforded employ
ees each year or the variation from year to year. The relative full
time hours per week indicate the change in the hours of labor of
employees working full time, but do not reflect in any way a greater
or less amount of full-time work afforded. Likewise the relative full
time weekly earnings are based on the earnings of employees who
worked full time and the equivalent full-time earnings of such employ
ees who worked less than full time. This subject is further discussed
on page 17.
A like table of relative (or index) numbers is next shown for the
industry as a whole as determined by a combination of the data for
the several occupations covered. Data were obtained for the prin
cipal occupations of the industry, as before stated, but not for all occu
pations. The method of computing this table is explained on page 12,
R E L A T I V E F U L L -T IM E H O U R S P E R W E E K , R A T E S OF W A G E S P E R H O U R , A N D
F U L L -T IM E W E E K L Y E A R N IN G S IN M E N ’S C L O T H IN G M A N U F A C T U R IN G , 1911 T O
1913.
(1 9 1 3 = 1 0 0 .0 )
Year.
1911......................................
1912......................................
1913......................................
Relative
full-time
hours per
week.
105.6
105.4
100.0
Relative
rates of
wages per
hour.
86.0
88.1
100.0
Relative
full-time
weekly
earnings.
90.3
92.3
100.0
From the table above it is seen that the relative (or index) numbers
for full-time hours per week in the manufacture of men’s ready-mad©
clothing decreased from 105.6 in 1911 to 100.0 in 1913; or, in other
words, full-time hours per week were 105.6 per cent in 1911 of what
they were in 1913, and in 1912 105.4 per cent of what they were in
1913. The relative number for rates of wages per hour increased from
86.0 in 1911 to 88.1 in 1912 and 100.0 in 1913. The increase in full
time weekly earnings was somewhat less than in rates of wages per
hour because of the reduction of hours in the industry. Relative full
time weekly earnings increased from 90.3 in 1911 to 92.3 in 1912, and
to 100.0 in 1913.
The relative (or index) numbers for the several occupations and for
the industry as a whole have been computed with 1913 taken as the
base, or 100 per cent, in conformity with the policy of the Bureau in
recent wage bulletins. A greater quantity of material was collected
in 1913 than in either of the two preceding years. Thus the most
12
BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS.
comprehensive data are used as the basis for comparison. Also com
parisons are most frequently made between the last or current year
and different preceding years, and with the last year represented by
an even 100 the relation between such year and any preceding year
is readily grasped.
The relative numbers for each year from 1911 to 1913 for the indus
try as a whole were computed, not from the relative numbers for the
several occupations but from the actual hours, rates of wages per
hour, and weekly earnings of all employees in the several occupations.
For each year the average hours, rates of wages,' and weekly earnings
were computed for all employees in all occupations combined, and the
average for each preceding year was compared with the average for
1913 to determine the relative (or index) number for the industry.
The method of computing the relative is illustrated on page — .
In addition to the relative numbers shown for the several occupa
tions and for the industry, a table is here presented showing the per
cent of increase or decrease in full-time hours of labor per week, rates
of wages per hour, and full-time weekly earnings in 1913, as compared
with each preceding year. These percentages were computed from
the relative numbers shown in the preceding tables and simply change
the method of comparison. The table also shows the increase or
decrease in 1912 as compared with 1911.
Referring to the first section of the table below, it is seen that the
full-time hours per week of “ basters, coat, male” in 1913 were 5.9
per cent lower than in 1911 and 5.7 per cent lower than in 1912, and
0.2 per cent lower in 1912 than in 1911. In the second section of the
table it is seen that rates of wages per hour in 1913 in the occupa
tion named were 16.8 per cent higher than in 1911 and 18.1 per cent
higher thanin 1912, and 1.1 per cent lower in 1912 than in 1911. The
third section of the table shows that the full-time weekly earnings in
1913 in this occupation were 10.1 per cent higher than in 1911 and
11.4 per cent higher than in 1912, and 1.1 per cent lower in 1912
than in 1911.
The last line of the table shows the increase or decrease in wages
and hours in the industry as a whole.
WAGES AND HOURS OF LABOR, 1911 TO 1913— M E N 'S CLOTHING.
13
P E R C E N T OF IN C R E A S E O R D E C R E A S E IN F U L L -T IM E H O U R S P E R W E E K , R A T E S OF
W A G E S P E R H O U R , A N D F U L L -T IM E W E E K L Y E A R N IN G S IN T H E P R IN C IP A L OCCU
P A T IO N S IN M E N 'S C L O T H IN G M A N U F A C T U R IN G : 1913 C O M P A R E D W IT H 1911 A N D
1912, A N D 1912 W I T H 1911, B Y OC C U PA TIO N S.
Occupation.
Basters, coat, m ale..................................
Basters, coat, female...............................
Basters, pants, fem ale............................
Basters, vest, female...............................
Basters, all, fem ale2................................
Bushelers and tailors, m ale...................
Cutters, cloth, hand, m ale.....................
Cutters, cloth, machine, male...............
Examiners, shop and stock room , male
Fitters or trimmers, coat, m ale.............
Hand sewers, coat, m ale— ................
H and sewers, coat, fem ale.....................
H and sewers, pants, female...................
H and sewers, vest, fem ale.....................
H and sewers, all, fem ale3......................
Operators, coat, m ale..............................
Operators, coat, fem ale..........................
Operators, pants, m ale...........................
Operators, pants, female........................
Operators, vest, m ale..............................
Operators, vest, fem ale..........................
Operators, all, m ale4..............................
Operators, all, fem ale5............................
Pressers, coat, male.................................
Pressers, pants, m ale..............................
Pressers, vest, male.................................
Pressers, all, male®..................................
The industry.................................
1 N o change.
2 This group is
3 This group is
* This group is
» This group is
« This group is
a com bination
a com bination
a com bination
a com bination
a com bination
Full-time hours per
week.
Rates of wages per
hour.
Full-time weekly
earnings.
Per cent higher ( + )
or lower ( —) i n -
Per cent higher ( + )
or lower ( —) i n -
Per cent higher ( + )
or lower ( —) i n -
1913
than
in
1911.
1913
than
in
1912.
1912
than
in
1911.
1913
than
in
1911.
1913
than
in
1912.
1912
than
in
1911.
1913
than
in
1911.
1913
than
in
1912.
-5 .9
-5 .7
-4 .2
-4 .5
-5 .2
- 4 .4
- 1 .6
-3 .2
- 2 .8
-5 .7
- 6 .8
- 5 .7
-5 .7
- 5 .5
- 5 .7
- 6 .5
-4 .2
- 7 .4
- 4 .9
- 7 .1
-4 .6
- 6 .7
- 4 .6
- 5 .7
- 6 .1
- 5 .0
- 5 .7
-5 .7
- 5 .6
- 3 .8
- 4 .5
- 5 .2
- 4 .4
- 1 .6
-2 .3
- 2 .4
-5 .5
-7 .1
-5 .7
- 4 .9
-4 .9
- 5 .5
- 6 .6
-4 .0
-7 .4
-4 .6
-6 .2
-4 .2
- 6 .7
-4 .2
- 5 .6
-5 .7
- 4 .8
- 5 .6
- 0 .2
- .2
- .4
0)
0)
0)
- .9
- .4
- .2
+ .4
0)
- .8
- .6
- .2
+ .2
- .2
0)
- .4
- .9
- .4
0)
- .4
- .2
- .4
- .3
- .2
+16.8
+12.7
+ 14.4
+23.0
+15.5
+10.4
+ 6.6
+ 2.4
+ 5.8
+19.5
+28.9
+18.3
+ 18.6
+20.9
+ 19.0
+ 13.4
+ 6.4
+30.9
+15.1
+ 25.2
+20.8
+ 20.8
+12.0
+22.1
+28.2
+ 32.6
+24.1
+18.1
+11.5
- 1.4
+10.6
+ 9.4
+10.3
+ 6.6
+ 3.3
+ 1.9
+18.3
+20.9
+16.4
+ 9.1
+16.7
+15.1
+12.7
+ 8.3
+30.4
+ 11.0
+19.3
+14.3
+18.3
+10.3
+17.9
+14.7
+ 22.2
+17.1
-1 .1
+ 1.1
+ 16.0
+ 11 .2
+ 5.5
+ -1
0)
.9
+ 3.8
+ 1.0
+ 6.6
+ 1.7
+ 8.8
+ 3.6
+ 3.5
+ .6
- 1.8
+ .4
+ 3.7
+ 4.9
+ 5.7
+ 2.1
+ 1.6
+ 3.5
+11.8
+ 8.5
+ 6.0
+10.1
+ 6.6
+ 9.5
+17.6
+ 9.4
+33.9
+ 5.0
+ *4
+ 3.0
+12.7
+19.8
+12.1
+12.4
+14.9
+ 12.7
+ 6.0
+ 2.0
+21.1
+ 9.5
+26.7
+15.5
+ 12.5
+ 7.0
+15.2
+20.2
+ 25.9
+ 17.0
+11.4
+ 5.4
- 5.0
+ 5.8
+ 3.8
+ 5.5
+ 5.2
+ 1.7
.1
+12.0
+12.1
+10.1
+ 4.0
+11.2
+ 9.2
+ 5.4
+ 4.2
+20.6
+ 6.0
+ 12.5
+ 9.6
+10.4
+ 5.6
+11.4
+ 8.0
+ 16.6
+ 10.6
- 1.1
+ 1.2
+15.3
+ 11 .2
+ 5.4
+26.9
.1
- 1.3
+ 3.1
+ .7
+ 6.8
+ ’1.8
+ 8.1
+ 3.3
+ 3.3
+ .6
.2
+ •4
+ 3.3
+ 12.7
+ 5.3
+ 1.9
+ 1.3
+ 3.5
+11.3
+ 8.1
+ 5.7
-5 .3
-5 .1
-
.2 +16.3 +13.5 + 2.4 +10.7 + 8.3
+ 2.2
1912
than
in
1911.
of the preceding female coat, pants, and vest basters.
of the preceding female coat, pants, and vest hand sewers.
o f the preceding male coat, pants, and vest operators.
of the preceding female coat, pants, and vest operators.
of the preceding male coat, pants, and vest pressers.
In addition to the text tables presented in this summary, five
general tables are given in the succeeding pages of this report,
namely:
Table I.—Average and classified rates of wages per hour in the
United States, by years, 1911 to 1913.
Table II.—Average and classified rates of wages per hour in each
year, by cities, 1912 and 1913.
Table III.—Average and classified full-time hours per week in the
United States, by years, 1911 to 1913.
Table IV.—Average and classified full-time hours per week in
each year, by cities, 1912 and 1913.
Table V.—Average full-time hours per week and average full-time
weekly earnings, by cities, 1912 and 1913.
14
BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS.
In Tables I and III, in addition to actual figures, percentages com
puted therefrom are given. The data from these tables are sum
marized in the text table on page 6. In Tables II and IV the
figures for 1912 and 1913 are for identical establishments, hence
all figures for 1913 in these tables are directly comparable with those
for 1912.
EXPLANATION OF SCOPE AND METHOD.
A partial explanation of scope and method is given in the pre
ceding summary in connection with a discussion of the figures of the
report.
The material for this report was obtained from establishments
making men’s outer garments—coats, pants, vests, and overcoats—
for the trade; or, in other words, what is commonly known as men’s
ready-made clothing. Special-order and merchant-tailor firms are
not included. All grades of ready-made men’s clothing from cheap
to high grade are covered in the figures presented.
The information for this report was secured by agents of the Bureau
from the pay rolls and time books of the establishments visited.
Many of the large firms furnished data for several of their shops.
The number of establishments and shops for which comparable data
are presented are as follows:
For 1911 and 1912, from 80 identical establishments and 158
identical shops.
For 1912 and 1913, from 117 identical establishments and 221
identical shops.
The Bureau could not undertake to collect data from all estab
lishments in the country. In selecting the representative establish
ments from which to collect data, the Bureau sought to represent
the cities of the greatest importance in the industry, the measure of
importance being the number of employees in this particular industry.
The table which follows shows the leading cities in the manufacture
of men-s clothing, the number of employees in the industry in each
city in 1910 as determined by the United States Census Office, the
number of establishments and shops from which data were collected
in 1913, the total number of employees on the pay rolls of such shops,
and the number of employees for whom data were taken and shown
in this report.
WAGES A ND HOURS OF LABOR, 1911 TO 1913---- M e n 's CLOTHING.
15
T O T A L N U M B E R O F E M P L O Y E E S IN M E N ’S C LO T H IN G M A N U F A C T U R IN G A N D NUM
B E R OF E M P L O Y E E S IN E S T A B L IS H M E N T S F O R W H IC H D A T A A R E SH O W N F O R 1913.
City.
N ew Y ork ...........................................................
Chicago...............................................................
Baltim ore...........................................................
Philadelphia......................................................
Rochester............................................................
Cincinnati...........................................................
B oston.................................................................I
St. L ouis.............................................................
Cleveland............................................................
Milwaukee..........................................................
D etroit................................................................
Other cities........................................................
Total.........................................................
Establishments for which data are shown b y the
Bureau of Labor Statistics for 1913.
Number of
employees
reported b y
N um ber of em ployees—
United
States
Num ber of N um ber of
Census
establish
separate
For whom
Office, 1910.
ments.
shops.
On pay roll. data are
shown.
61,275
32,890
15,090
8,233
7,732
4,769
4,292
2,614
2,560
2,639
2,740
46,349
63
6
3
14
5
22
4
89
34
16
28
15
27
12
6,450
7,303
2,885
2,129
2,081
1,270
648
5,359
5,797
2,349
1,752
1,564
952
424
191,183
117
221
' 22,766
18,197
Men’s factory-made clothing is made almost exclusively in large
cities. The table shows 191,183 persons employed in this industry in
1910. Of this number 134,281, or 70.2 per cent, were employed in the
7 cities in which data were collected. Other cities in which this
industry is of importance are named in the table. Because of the
limited resources of the Bureau the inquiry has been limited to repre
sentative cities and representative establishments. Data are pre
sented in this bulletin for 18,197 employees in 1913, or 9.5 per cent
of the total number of employees in the industry in the United States
in 1910.
There are two distinct groups of employers in the clothing manufac
turing industry—the clothing house, or firm proper, and the con
tractor. The former finances the business, buys and cuts the mate
rial, and sells the product, and may or may not maintain shops for
the making of the garments. The contractor receives the cut material
and the trimmings from the clothing house and makes the garments
at a piece price. The contractor provides his own help and machinery
and generally his own workmen. A few clothing houses manufacture
all of their garments in their own shops. Many put out all their
garments to be made by contract; but the greater number of houses
manufacture a part of their product in their own shops and give out
a part to contractors. More pants and vests than coats are made by
contract, the work on coats being considered more important and
requiring closer supervision. Data were obtained for this report from
both clothing houses and contractors.
There are usually two busy seasons and two dull seasons in the year
in the manufacture of men’s ready-made clothing. The busy seasons
are midsummer and midwinter. In midsummer clothing is made for
16
BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS.
fall and winter wear, and in midwinter for spring and summer wear.
In some establishments there is a fairly uniform amount of work
throughout the year; in others work fluctuates materially. The
fluctuation is heaviest in the shops of contractors. Some shops
close down in the dull season or run with a reduced force or on
reduced working hours. The greater part of the data for the report
was taken for July or August each year.
Coats (including overcoats), pants, and vests are made in separate
shops. While employees go from one establishment to another, as
in any line of manufacture, they seldom change from the making of
one land of garment to another. A pants-shop employee, for exam
ple, seldom changes to work in a coat shop. The shops making the
different garments are kept separate in the tables.
As a rule a clothing-shop employee performs only a single operation
or a limited number of operations in the making of a garment. In
a highly systematized shop the garment passes from hand to hand,
each person doing on it his particular division of the work. There
are wide variations in the extent of specialization in different shops,
however, as in some shops the making of a garment may be limited
to only a few persons. While there are many operations in the making
of a garment, they may be divided into a few distinct or nearly dis
tinct occupation groups, the principal groups being cutters, fitters,
sewing-machine operators, pressers, basters, hand sewers, examiners,
and bushelers and tailors. Data are shown in this report for these
occupations. A short description of the several operations and occu
pations can be found in Bulletin No. 135. In addition to the occupa
tions named, there are a few other occupations covering a small
number of persons for whom wage data are not presented.
The employees of the different establishments can be fairly well
classified into the occupation groups named, as generally the work
of a person is limited to one of these occupations. When a person
works at two or more of these occupations interchangeably he is classi
fied according to the kind of work performed in the greatest amount.
A clothing-shop employee does not often change from one of these
occupation groups to another, nor do many employees work at more
than one occupation. Such overlapping as occurs is generally between
basting and hand sewing.
A tabulation of the data in greater detail, showing figures for the
several operations under each occupation named, would be desirable,
but is impracticable in so extensive a study, owing to the fact that
no two shops have exactly the same operations in the making of a
garment, nor do any two shops group their operations in exactly the
same way. In one shop one person may perform operation A, in a
second shop one person may perform operations A and B, in a third
shop one person may perform operations A and C, while in a fourth
WAGES AND HOURS OF LABOR, 1911 TO 1913---- M E N 'S CLOTHING.
17
shop one person may perform operations A, B, and C. A comparison
of data, shop by shop or city by city, for a specific operation could be
made only to a limited extent and then after an intensive study.
Cutting and nearly all pressing are done by men. Hand sewing,
which includes felling, finishing, button sewing, buttonhole making,
tacking, and other fine needlework, is done mostly by females. The
sexes are about equally divided in sewing-machine operating and
basting. The proportion of male and female em p^ees varies mate
rially in the different cities, males outnumbering females in New
York, Philadelphia, Baltimore, and Boston, and females outnumber
ing males in Rochester, Chicago, and Cincinnati. The variation is
greatest in New York and least in Rochester.
The full-time hours of labor per week shown in the tables of the
report are the regular full-time hours of work of the occupation under
normal conditions in the establishment. The working time is the
hours on duty, including intervals of waiting for work. The full
time hours per week and the relatives based thereon do not in any
way indicate the extent of unemployment. Employees may work
overtime or broken time, or be laid off, or a temporary reduction may
be made in working hours, without such change affecting the regular
full-time hours per week as presented in this bulletin.
The rates of wages per hour appearing in the tables include the
wages of time workers and the earnings of pieceworkers. All time
rates by the day or week have been reduced to rates per hour and the
earnings of pieceworkers or persons working both at time and piece
rates have been reduced to rates per hour by dividing the earnings
in the pay period by the hours worked. The time workers and piece
workers of each occupation are combined as one group. Where there
was no record regularly kept by the establishment of the actual time
worked by pieceworkers, at the request of the agents of the Bureau,
the actual time worked was kept for the pay period taken.
The proportion of time workers and pieceworkers varies in different
shops and in different cities. Cutting is usually time work. In the
shops in all the cities considered, the work is about evenly divided
between time work and piecework, some cities working very largely
on time work, others very largely on piecework.
A change in the earnings per hour of pieceworkers does not of
necessity indicate a change in piece rates. Without a change of piece
rates, a change in methods or of machinery, a speeding up, or more
steady work resulting from greater volume of business, may increase
the hourly earnings; while, on the other hand, changes in methods,
slowing down of speed, or a lull in business, may reduce the hourly
earnings. Varying intervals of waiting for work while on duty may
also affect hourly earnings.
67479°—Bull. 161—15------ 2
18
BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS.
Tlie full-time weekly earnings presented in this report are the
earnings per week of employees working full time and the equivalent
earnings for a full week of employees working broken time. In con
sidering changes in full-time earnings per week, notice should also
be taken of changes in full-time hours of labor per week. A reduction
in the hours of a pieceworker may reduce his earnings in a week and
leave his earnings per hour unchanged; while a reduction of hours
for a week worker will, if his weekly rate remains the same, increase
his rate per hour.
The averages of full-time hours per week, rates of wages per hour
and full-time weekly earnings are computed by adding the data for
the individual employees and dividing the total by the number of
employees.
It will be observed that the average full-time weekly earnings gen
erally are not exactly the same as the result that would be obtained
by multiplying the average rate per hour by the average hours per
week, owing to the fact that hourly rates for individual employees
are based on varying hours per week, which has the effect of chang
ing the relative weighting of the wages of the several employees. A
hypothetical illustration shows the difference:
Employees.
i Full-time
j hours per
•
week.
Rate of
wages per
week.
Rate of
wages per
hour.
48
54
54
60
$15.00
14.00
16,00
12.00
$0.3125
.2593
.2963
.2000
Total (4 )..................
216
57.00
1.0681
Average..............................
54
14.25
.2670
1........................................... i
1 ...........................................
1 ...........................................
1 ...........................................
The product of $0.2670 multiplied by 54 is $14.42, while the average
earnings per week are $14.25.
Relative (or index) numbers for the several occupations and for the
industry as a whole for the 3 years 1911 to 1913 are presented in the
foregoing pages. The method of computing such relative (or index)
numbers for an occupation can be explained best by an illustration.
The rates of wages per hour of “ Hand sewers, coat, female,” are taken
as an example.
Number
of identi
cal estab
lishments.
Average rate of wages per hour...........................................................
{
Relative rate of wages per hour com puted therefrom....................
Average rate of wages per hour in identical establishments cov
ering the full three years................................................................... :
■Rp.lntir-p rntp
waro? nA.r hour r.nmrmtp.d t.hp.rp.frrvm _ _ _____
1
S
37
Year.
1911
1912
1913
$0.1545
84.5
$0.1571
.1526
85.9
$0.1776
100.0
.1553
85.9
.1567
86.7
.1808
100.0
WAGES AND HOURS OF LABOR, 1911 TO 1913---- M E N 'S CLOTHING.
19
The rate per hour for 1913 is taken as the base, or 100 per cent, for
reasons stated on pages 11 and 12; then $0.1526 divided by $0.1776
equals 85.9, the relative for 1912. The ratio of 1911 to 1912 is $0.1545
divided by $0.1571. The relative for 1912 just determined, 85.9,
multiplied by $0.1545 divided by $0.1571 equals 84.5, the relative
for 1911.
In making the computations the decimal in the relative is carried
to two places to obtain closer accuracy, but in the tables the relative
is shown to but one decimal place.
The method of computing relative numbers over a period of years
illustrated above is used because of the changes which occur in the
establishments canvassed. A method of computing a series of
relative numbers should take into account an enlargement of the
scope of the inquiry and also changes in establishments from year to
year, as changes naturally occur, some establishments discontinuing
operations or ceasing to be representative, and new establishments
entering the field. The method explained above, bringing in new
establishments, has been followed in computing the relatives in this
report, otherwise no use could have been made in the relative, or
index, of the data from the additional establishments obtained for
the later years.
Of the 39 establishments reporting data for “ Hand sewers, coat,
female,” for 1911 and 1912, 37 reported for the year 1913. The
average rate of wages per hour for the 37 establishments reporting
for the entire period of three years is also shown in the above table,
with relatives computed therefrom. As might be expected, these
relatives differ from the relatives based on the greater number of
establishments. Presumptively they are not so nearly representative
as are the relatives based on the greater number of establishments
but they are given here as an illustration of the difference shown by
relatives based on different amounts of data.
A word of caution is given as to the use of relative numbers. The
per cent of increase or decrease from one year to another is not the
difference between the relative numbers for the years. Thus, in the
table above, the relative rate of wages per hour increased from 84.5
in 1911 to 100 in 1913, an increase in the relative of 15.5 over the
relative 84.5, making an increase of 18.3 per cent.
The relative numbers for the industry presented in this bulletin,
page 11, are computed directly from the average hours of labor, rates
of wages per hour, and weekly earnings for all employees in all occu
pations combined into one group. In other words, the relatives for
the industry as a whole have been computed for this report in the same
manner as the relatives for each occupation.
20
T
BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OP LABOR STATISTICS.
able
I . —AVERAGE AND CLASSIFIED RATES OF WAGES PER HOUR IN
THE UNITED STATES, B Y YEARS, 1911 TO 1913.
MEN'S CLOTHING MANUFACTURING.
[The figures for each tw o years grouped are for identical establishments.]
NUMBER.
Num
ber of
Occupation, sex,
and number of Year. em
ploy
establishments.
ees.
Basters, coat, fe
male:
36 establish
ments.
Employees earning each classified rate of wages
Aver Aver
age
age
full
9
rate
7
10 12
8
16
14
18
20
Un and and and and and and and and and
time
of
hours wages der un un un un un un un un un
per
per
7 der der der der der der der der der
week. hour. cts. 8
9 10 12 14
16
20
18
25
cts. cts. cts. cts. cts. cts. cts. cts. cts.
per hour.
25
and 30
un cts
der and
30 over.
cts.
1911
1912
603
668
55.2 $0.1756
55.1 .1776
6
9
8
7
17
16
16
30
49
54
76
78
100
93
76
92
66
62
113
140
64
59
12
28
50 establish
ments.
Basters, pants,
female:
11 establish
ments.
1912
1913
839
924
55.5
52.4
.1654
.1843
20
1
14
8
33
12
43 102
45 107
109
112
114
107
106
106
68
92
146
163
57
109
27
62
1911
1912
152
166
55.0
54.8
.1529
.1774
2
1
2
2
4
1
14
3
28
19
17
24
23
22
23
19
16
24
16
34
3
13
4
4
20 establish
ments.
Basters, vest, fe
male:
17 establish
ments.
1912
1913
183
127
54.8
52.7
.1682
.1659
1
4
1
9
2
10
2
26
16
23
23
26
26
15
13
18
16
30
17
15
11
6
1911
1912
161
212
54.7
54.7
.1806
.2007
2
2
1
1
5
2
3
10
13
19
21
19
19
25
22
18
23
55
57
6
33
2
15
26 establish
ments.
Basters, all, fe
male: 1
50 establish
ments.
1912
1913
274
207
55.4
52.9
.1845
.2041
4
4
3
9
6
3
29
17
33
20
25
21
27
17
25
16
64
61
33
32
15
17
1911
1912
916
1,046
55.0
55.0
.1727
.1823
10
12
10
22
22
32
36
87
86
112
123
142
134
124
133
100
109
184
231
73
105
18
47
73 establish
ments.
Hand
sewers,
coat, female:
39 establish
ments.
1912
1913
1,296
1,258
55.4
52.5
.1698
.1857
25
1
22
12
51
14
59 157
50 140
165
155
165
154
148
136
111
124
240
241
105
152
48
79
1911
1912
2,668
2,427
54.8
54.8
.1545
.1571
62
44
79 100 216 343
41 74 142 349
398
371
380
364
288
340
253
226
397
330
115
117
37
29
56 establish
ments.
Hand
sewers,
pants, female:
25 establish
ments.
1912
1913
2,888
2,779
55.2
52.1
.1526
.1776
61
9
69 115 173 458
16 35 88 252
454
399
432
453
369
391
246
323
358
510
123
191
30
112
1911
1912
656
819
54.9
54.5
.1407
.1530
38
16
16
10
16
35
87 108
69 119
95
109
73
121
81
96
50
100
74
114
17
25
1
5
35 establish
ments.
Hand
sewers,
vest, female:
21 establish
ments.
1912
1913
937
830
54.7
52.0
.1497
.1633
20
2
15
4
44
13
85 130
31 91
139
158
143
122
110
121
108
110
112
145
26
26
5
7
1911
1912
339
512
54.6
54.3
.1671
.1731
3
2
2
6
8
8
20
31
34
48
48
44
44
72
46
64
42
80
70
128
19
24
3
5
30 establish
ments.
Hand sewers, all,
fem ale:2
61 establish
ments.
1912
1913
570
552
54.9
52.2
.1646
.1921
9
1
8
4
20
4
32
13
67
40
56
49
85
43
67
76
78
74
120
170
23
61
5
17
1911
1912
3,663
3,758
54.8
54.7
.1532 103
.1584 62
97 124 323 485
57 117 242 516
541
524
497
557
415
500
345
406
541
572
151
166
41
39
89 establish
ments.
Operators, coat,
female:
34 establish
ments.
1912
1913
4,395
4,161
55.1
52.1
.1535
.1767
90
12
92 179 290 655
24 52 132 383
649
606
660
618
546
588
432
507
590
825
172
278
40
136
1911
1912
756
833
54.2
54.1
.1945
.1908
2
2
10
12
12
19
28
44
59
56
87
92
75
86
74
98
79
79
191
182
71
96
68
67
44 establish
ments.
1912
1913
949
1,031
54.3
52.1
.1835
.1989
8
3
15
4
23
6
54
25
80
74
116 . 104
100 138
113
118
89
101
183
209
97
132
67
121
....
i This group is a com bination o f the preceding female coat, -pants, and vest basters.
* This group is a com bination of the preceding female coat, pants, and vest hand sewers.
WAGES AND HOURS OF LABOR, 1911 TO 1913---- M e n 's CLOTHING.
T a b le
21
AVERAGE AND CLASSIFIED RATES OP WAGES PER HOUR IN
THE UNITED STATES, B Y YEARS, 1911 TO 1913— Continued.
I .—
M E N ’S CLOTHING M A N U F A C T U R IN G — Continued.
N U M B E R —Continued.
Employees earning each classified rate of wages
Aver Aver
Num age
age
7
10 12
14
20
16
ber of full
Occupation, sex,
rate
18
Un and and and and and and and and and
and number of Year. em tim e
of
der un un un un un un un un un
establishments.
ploy- hours
per
per
7 der der der der der der der der der
9
10 12 14 16 18 20 25
hour. cts.
cts. cts. cts. cts. cts. cts. cts. cts.
Operators, pants,
female:
26 establish
ments.
39 establish
ments.
Operators, vest,
female:
17 establish
ments.
1911
1912
599
752
54.8 $0.1803
54.6 .1870
1912
1913
806
890
54.8
52.3
.1819
.2019
1911
1912
312
366
54.4
54.2
.2064
.2181
22 establish
ments.
Operators, all, fe
male: *
55 establish
ments.
1912
1913
407
54.6
52.3
.2068
.2364
1911
1912
1,667
1,951
54.5
54.3
.1916
.1945
76 establish
ments.
1912
1913
2,162
2,318
54.5
52.2
.1873
.2065
20
63
175
105
25
8
1911
1912
1,112
1,036
55.3
55.2
.2203
.2179
54 establish
ments.
H and
sewers,
coat, male:
18 establish
ments.
1912
1913
1,409
1,472
55.7
52.5
.2151
.2540
1911
1912
221
190
55.8
56.0
.2037
.2171
35 establish
ments.
Operators, coat,
male:
31 establish
ments.
1912
1913
305
145
56.2
52.2
.2564
1911
1912
913
878
55.9
56.0
.2641
.2656
53 establish
ments.
1912
1913
1,364
1,653
56.2
52.5
.2615
Operators, pants,
male:
20 establish
ments.
1911
1912
439
515
56.
56.8
.2418
.2427
120
33
184
213
196
205
220
256
249
237
250
239
255
1912
1913
704
56.5
52.3
.2495
.3253
1911
1912
109
140
55.2
54.7
.3103
.3258
25 establish
ments.
1912
1913
226
224
56.3
52.8
.3041
. 3627'
50
94
32
57
184
219
226
57
82
168
366
432
222
129
177
448
490
212
325
174
297
30
10 12 14
25
16
20
18
and and and and and and and and 40
u n un un un un un un un cts.
der der der der der der der der and
12 14 16
40 over.
30
18
20 25
cts.
cts. cts. cts. cts. cts. cts.
106
12
126
85
111
225
187
126
135
160
107
231
320
178
317
121
75
32
.2120
40 establish
ments.
Operators, vest,
male:
16 establish
ments.
29
53
90
and and
Un un un
der der der
8 9 10
cts. cts. cts.
Basters,
coat,
male:
30 establish
ments.
25
and 30
un cts.
der and
30 over.
101
163
93
28
per hour.
4
14
30
19
11
196
230
221
215
75
57
343
304
476
295
17
83
67
88
18
24
34
186
19
38
1....
4 .....
* This group is a com bination of the preceding female coat, pants, and vest operators.
81
22
T a b le
BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS.
I . —AVERAGE AND CLASSIFIED RATES OF WAGES PER HOUR IN
THE UNITED STATES, B Y YEARS, 1911 TO 1913—Continued.
M E N ’S CLOTHING M A N U F A C T U R IN G — Continued.
N U M B E R —Continued.
N um
ber
Occupation, sex,
of
and number of Year. em
establishments.
ploy
ees.
Operators, all,
male: i
46 establish
ments.
Employees
Aver A ver
age
age
8
full rate
U n and and
time
of
der un un
hours
per
8 der der
per
10
week hour. cts. 9
cts. cts.
1911
1912
1,461
1,533
56.1 $0.2608
56.1 .2659
1912
1913
2,480
2,581
56.3
52.5
.2610
.3090
1911
1912
1,573
1, <—
55.1
55.0
.2397
57 establish
ments.
Pressers, pants
male:
29 establish
ments.
1912
1913
2,027
2,274
55.4
52.3
.2441
.2878
1911
1912
401
461
55.4
55.2
.2496
.2788
47 establish
ments.
P r e s s e r s , vest
male:
20 establish
ments.
1912
1913
637
586
55.4
52.2
.2706
.3104
1911
1912
186
225
54.7
54.5
.2852
31 establish
ments.
P r e s s e r s , all,
male: 2
64 establish
ments.
1912
1913
274
251
55.1
52.5
.2749
.3360
1911
1912
2,160
2,292
55.1
55.0
.2435
.2580
102 establish
ments.
1912
1913
2,938
3,111
55.4
52.3
.2527
.2959
87 establish
ments.
Pressers,
coat
male:
40 establish
ments.
12
earning each classified rate o f wages per hour.
10
and
un
der
12
cts.
14
16
20
25
18
30
and and and and and and 40
un un un un un un cts.
der der der der der der and
16
25
18
20
30
40 over.
cts. cts. cts. cts. cts. cts.
57
80
18
73
70
Ill
350
351
311
370
346
112
119
119
104
136
595
349
636
440
550
776
161
562
149
106
116
125
407
451
480
265
305
23
23
126
96
148
142
549
370
574
493
360
214
65
35
141
142
90
160
107
165
201
24
41
44
106
6
15
10
13
51
119
102
31
11
10 12 14 16
and and and and
un un un un
der der der der
12 14 16 18
cts. cts. cts. cts.
Bushelers
and
tailors, male:
42 establish
ments.
12
and
un
der
14
cts.
142
18
and
un
der
20
cts.
147
178
171
468
534
574
618
408
541
53
74
176
132
203
181
748
491
793 623
651 1,106
385
20
25
30
50
and and and and and and 70
un un un un un un cts.
der der der der der der and
25
30
40
50
70 over.
60
cts. cts. cts. cts. cts. cts.
1911
1912
496
454
54.2
54.2
.2475
.2477
134
154
163
127
86
93
4
1
1912
1913
574
644
54.8
52.4
.2434
197
178
157
209
101
172
1
12
4
1
1911
1912
1,545
1,694
49.9
.4035
.4032
118
153
551
580
61$
711
170
169
23
23
5
5
50 establish
ments.
Cutters,
cloth,
machine, male:
26 establish
ments.
1912
1913
1,865
1,743
49.7
48.9
.4083
.4355
153
29
614
527
809
845
191
277
33
40
14
15
1911
1912
101
50.3
.4412
.4371
7
4
19
16
29
31
34
2-8
6
4
42 establishments.
1912
1913
147
166
50.5
49.3
. 4366
. 4512
8
3
32
34
49
61
46
54
5
9
58 establish
ments.
Cutters, cloth,
hand, male:
39 establish/ments.
90
13
1 This g>/oup is a com bination of the preceding male coat, pants, and vest operators.
2 This group is a com bination of the preceding male coat, pants, and vest pressers.
2
WAGES AND HOURS OF LABOR, 1911 TO 1913---- MEN*S CLOTHING,
T a b le
23
I . —AVERAGE AND CLASSIFIED RATES OF WAGES PER HOUR IN
THE UNITED STATES, B Y YEARS, 1911 TO 1913—Continued.
M E N ’S CLOTHING M A N U F A C T U R IN G — Continued.
N U M B E R —Concluded.
Employees earning each classified rate of wages per hour.
AverN um age
ber of full
Occupation, sex,
and number of Year. em- time
ploy- hours
establishments.
per
week.
Examiners, shop
and stock room,
male:
31 establish
ments.
Aver
age
10 12 14
rate of and
and and
wages un un un
per
der der der
hour.
12 14 16
cts. cts. cts.
16
and
undei
18
cts.
25
30
40
50
18 20
60 !
and and and and and and and | 70
un un un un un un un- j cts.
der der der der der der der |and
30
20 25
50
60
40
70 jover.
cts. cts. cts. cts. cts. cts. Cts. ;
52.4 $0.2914
52.2 .3023
1911
1912
51 establish
ments.
Fitters or trimm e r s, c o a t ,
male:
32 establish
ments.
1912
1913
418
53.1
51.
.2920
.2978
1911
1912
140
131
54.5
54.4
.2943
48 establish
ments.
1912
1913
194
180
55.1
52.1
.2915
.3450
10
90
106
103
95
158
148
136
170
12
PE R CENT.
Employees earning each classified rate o f wages per hour.
Aver- Aver
N um
age
9
10 12
20 | 25
rate
7
14
16
Occupation, sex,
8
18
ber of S t
Un and and and and and and and and and i and 30
of
and number of Year. em tim e
un un un cts.
establishments.
p loy hours wages der un un un un un un
per
per
7 der der der der der der
ees.
der der der and
10 12 14
9
16
20
25 | 30 over.
week. hour. cts. 8
18
cts. cts. cts. cts. cts. cts. cts. cts. cts. i cts.
Basters, coat, fe
male:
36 establish
ments.
!
!
i
|
1911
1912
603
668
55.2$0.1756 1.0 1.3 2.8 2.7 8.1 12.6 16.6 12.6 10.9 18.7 10.6
55.1 .1776 1.3 1.0 2.4 4.5 8.1 11.7 13.9 13.8 9.3 21.0! 8.8
2.0
4.2
1912
1913
839
924
55.5
52.4
.1654 2.4 1.7 3.9 5.1 12.2 13.0 13.6 12.6 8.1 17.4 1 6.8
.1843 .1 .9 1.3 4.9 11.6 12.1 U .6 11.5 10.0 17.6! 11.8
3.2
6.7
1911
1912
152
166
55.0
54.8
.1529 1.3 1.3 2.6 9.2 18.4 11.2 15.1 15.1 10.5 10.5 i 2.0
.1774 .6 1.2 .6 i.8 11.4 14.5 13.3 11.4 14.5 20.5 | 7.8
2.6
2.4
20 establish
ments.
Basters, vest, fe
male:
17 establish
ments.
1912
1913
183
127
54.8
52.7
.1682
.1659
8.2
8.7
.....
1911
1912
161
212
54.7
54.7
.1806 1.2 1.2 .6 1.2 6.2 11.8 11.8 15.5 11.2 34.2 3.7
.5 2.4 1.4 6.1 9.9 9.0 10.4 10.8 26.9 15.6
.2007
1.2
7.1
26 establish
ments.
Basters, all, fe
male: 1
50 establish
ments.
1912
1913
274
207
55.4
52.9
.1845 1.5 1.5 3.3 2.2 10.6 12.0 9.1
1.4 8.2 9.7 10.1
.2041 .... 1.4
9.1 23.4 12.0
7.7 29.5 15.5
5.5
8.2
1911
1912
916
1,046
55.0
55.0
.1727 1.1 1.3 2.4 3.5 9.5 12.2 15.5 13.5 10.9 20.1 8.0
.1823 1.0 1.0 2.1 3.4 8.2 11.8 12.8 12.7 10.4 22.1 10.0
2.0
4.5
73 establish
ments.
1912
1913
1,296
1,258
55.4
52.5
.1698 1.9 1.7 3.9 4.6 12.1 12.7 12.7 11.4
.1857 .1 1.0 1.1 4.0 11.1 12.3 12.2 10.8
3.7
6.3
50 establish
ments.
Basters, pants,
female:
11 establish
ments.
i
.5 2.2 4.9 5.5 14.2 12.6 14.2 8.2 9.8 16.4
.8 1.6 1.6 12.6 18.1 20.5 10.2 12.6 13.4
9.9
8.2
8.6 18.5 8.1
9.9 19.2 12.1
i This group is a com bination of the preceding female coat, pants, and vest basters.
3.3
24
BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS.
T a b le
I . —AVERAGE AND CLASSIFIED RATES OF WAGES PER HOUR IN
THE UNITED STATES, B Y YEARS, 1911 TO 1913—Continued.
M E N 'S CLOTHING M A N U F A C T U R IN G — Continued.
P E R C E N T —Continued.
N um
ber of
Occupation, sex,
Year.
and number of
em
ploy
establishments.
ees.
H and
sewers,
coat, female:
39 establish
ments.
Employees earning each classified rate of wages
Aver Aver
1
age
age
full
rate
10 12
7
8
9
14
16
20
18
Un and and and and and and and and and
tim e
of
hours wages der un un un un un un un un un
per
per
7 der der der der der der der der der
9
10 12 14
week. hour. cts. 8
16
18
20
25
cts. cts. cts. cts. cts. cts. cts. cts. cts.
1911
1912
2,668
2,427
1
54.8|$0.1545 2.3 3.0 3.7 8.1 12.9 14.9 14.2 10.8
54.8j .1571 1.8 1.7 3.0 5.9 14.4 15.3 15.0 14.0
56 establish
ments.
H and
sewers,
pants, female:
25 establish
ments.
1912
1913
2,888
2,779
1911
1912
35 establish
ments.
H and
sewers,
vest, female:
21 establish
ments.
30 establish
ments.
H and sewers, all,
fem ale:1
61 establish
ments.
per hour.
25
and 30
un cts.
der and
30 over.
cts.
9.5 14.9
9.3 13.6
4.3
4.8
1.4
1.2
55.2
52.1
.1526 2.1 2.4 4.0 6.0 15.9 15.7 15.0 12.8 8.5 12.4
.1776 .3 .6 1.3 3.2 9.1 14.4 16.3 14.1 11.6 18.4
4.3
6.9
1.0
4.0
656
819
54.9
54.5
.1407 5.8 2.4 2.4! 13.3 16.5 14.5 11.1 12.3 7.6 11.3
.1530 2.0 1.2 4.3 ! 8.4 14.5 13.3 14.8 11.7 12.2 13.9
2.6
3.1
.2
1912
1913
937
830
54.7
52.0
.1497 2.1 1.6 4.7 9.1 13.9 14.8 15.3 11.7 11.5 12.0
.1633 .2 .5 1.6 3.7 11.0 19.0 14.7 14.6 13.3 17.5
2.8
3.1
.5
1911
1912
339
512
54.6
54.3
.1671
.1731
5.6
4.7
.9
1.0
1912
1913
570
552
54.9
52.2
.1646 1.6 i.4 3.5 5.6 11.8
.1921 .2
2.4 7.2
9.8 14.9 11.8 13.7 21.1 4.0
8.9 7.8 13.8 13.4 30.8 11.1
.9
3.1
1911
1912
3,663
3,768
54.8
64.7
.1532 2.8 2.6 3.4 8.8 13.2 14.8 13.6 11.3 9.4 14.8
.1584 1.6 1.5 3.1 6.4 13.7 13.9 14.8 13.3 10.8 15.2
4.1
4.4
1.1
1.0
1912
1913
4,395
4,161
55.1
52.1
. 1535 2.0 2.1 4.1 6.6 14.9 14.8 15.0 12.4 9.8 13.4
.1767 .3 .6 1.2 3.2 9.2 14.6 14.9 14.1 12.2 19.8
3.9
6.7
.9
3.3
1911
1912
756
833
54.2
54.1
.1945
.1908
.3 1.3 1.6 3.7 7.8 11.5 9.9 9.8 10.4 25.3 9.4
.2 1.4 2.3 5.3 6.7 11.0 10.3 11.8 9.5 21.8 11.5
9.0
8.0
44 establish
ments.
Operators, pants
female:
28 establish
ments.
1912
1913
949
1,031
54.3
52.1
.1835
.1989
.8 1.6 2.4 5.7 8.4 12.2 11.0 11.9
.3 .4 .6 2.4 7.2 9.7 13.4 11.4
1911
1912
599
752
54.8
54.6
.1803 1.2 3.3 1.0 3.2 8.7 10.5 15.5 12.9 12.7 16.9 9.3
.1870 1.5 .5 1.9 3. lj 9*7 11.8 11.4 11.0 10.1 21.7 10.2
39 establish
ments.
Operators, vest
female:
17 establish
ments.
1912
1913
806
890
54.8
52.3
.1819 1.6
.2019
1911
1912
312
366
54.4
54.2
.2064
.2181
22 establish
ments.
Operators, all, fe
m ale:2
55 establish
ments.
1912
1913
407
397
54.6
52.3
.2068 1.0
.2364
1911
1912
1,667
1,951
54.5
54.3
.1916
.1945
76 establish
ments.
1912
1913
2,162
2,318
54.5
52.2
.1873 1.2 1.2 2.2
.2065 .1 .6 .7
89 establish
ments.
Operators, coat,
female:
34 establish
ments.
.9 .6 2.4 5.9 10.0 14.2 13.0 13.6 12.4 20.6
.4 1.2 1.6 6.1 9.4 8.6 14.1 12.5 15.6 25.0
.8
9.4 19.3 10.2 7.1
9.8 20.3 12.8 11.7
4.8
7.0
.9 2.1 3.710.0 12.5 11.8 10.7 10.3 21.7 8.4 6.2
.9 .9 1.8: 5.7 13.9 9.8 11.8 9.9 21.2 13.5 10.6
.3
“ .'3 ‘ *.‘ 5
'.3
i
1.3’ 5.1 10.9
1.6.; 3.8 8.7
2.0 2.0!! 6.4
.5 2.3 ; 4.8
.6 1.8 1.1
.7 .9 1.8 d
9.6
6.3
9.0 10.6 15.7 23.7 13.1 10.3
9.0 10.7 12.6 23.8 13.4 15.6
9.3
6.3
9.8 11.5 22.1 11.5 14.0
8.1 9.3 23.2 18.4 20,7
1 7.6 11.0 11.8 11.0 12.2 22.0 10.1
j 7.3 10.9 10.5 11.3 10.3 22.1 11.4
7.7
9.1
! 8.6 11.8| 11.0 11.1 10.1 20.7 9.8 8.0
6.2 10.71
1 10.8 11.0 9.7 21.1 14.0 12.8
2.1i
1 This group is a com bination of the preceding female coat, pants, and vest hand sewers,
2 This group is a com bination of the preceding female coat, pants, and vest operators.
.6
WAGES AND HOURS OF LABOR, 1911 TO 1913---- M e n 's CLOTHING.
T able
25
I . —AVERAGE AND CLASSIFIED RATES OF WAGES PER HOUR IN
THE UNITED STATES, B Y YEARS, 1911 TO 1913— Continued.
M E N ’ S CLOTHING- M A N U F A C T U R IN G — Continued.
P E R C E N T —Continued.
Aver
N um age
ber
Occupation, sex,
full
and number of Year. of
time
em hours
establishments.
ploy per
ees.
week.
Basters,
coat,
male:
30 establish
ments.
Employees earning each classified rate of wages
A ver
age
8
16
25
rate
18
20
9
10 12 14
Un and and and and and and and and and
of
wages der un un un un un un un un un
per
8 der der der der der der der der der
hour. cts. 9 10 12 14 16
25
18
20
30
cts. cts. cts. cts. cts. cts. cts. cts. cts.
per hour.
30
and 40
un cts.
der and
40 over.
cts.
1911
1912
1,112
1,036
55.3 $0.2203 0.4 0.9 1.2 4.5 5.1
55.2 .2179 .9 1.2 1.0 3.8 6.2
9.5 10.9 9.2 24^8 20.2 11.3
7.9 10.7 10.3 29.4 18.1 13.0
1.9
.6
1912
1913
1,409
1,472
55.7
52.5
.2151
.2540
.9 4.8 6.1
.6 2.0 4.1
8.9 11.4 11.0 25.6 16.4 12.6
5.8 7.3 7.6 23.8 21.7 21.5
.6
5.1
1911
1912
221
190
55.8
56.0
.2037 1.8 1.4
.2171 .5 . . . .
.9 5.0 10.4 10.0 14.5 12.7 19.9 10.9 11.3
.5 5.8 5.8 5.8 14.7 10.0 27.4 18.4 8.9
1.4
2.1
1912
1913
305
145
56.2
52.2
.2120
.2564
1911
1912
913
878
55.9
56.0
.2641 1.0 1.1
.2656 .6 1.0
1912
1913
1,364
1,653
56.2
52.5
.2615
.2948
1911
1912
439
515
56.8
56.8
40 establish
ments.
Operators, vest,
male:
16 establish
ments.
1912
1913
890
704
1911
1912
25 establish
ments.
Operators, a l l ,
m ale:1
46 establish
ments.
54 establish
ments.
Hand ' sewers,
coat, male:
18 establish
ments.
35 establish
ments.
Operators, coat,
male:
31 establish
ments.
53 establish
ments.
Operators, pants,
male:
20 establish
ments.
87 establish
ments.
Pressers,
coat,
male:
40 establish
ments.
57 establish
ments.
Pressers, pants,
male:
29 establish
ments.
47 establish
ments.
Pressers,
vest,
male:
20 establish
ments.
31 establish
ments.
P r e s s e r s , all,
m ale:2
64 establish
ments.
102 establish
ments.
.7 1.1
.2 .2
7.9 12.5
6.9 7.6
9.5 29.8 17.7 7.9
9.7 17.9 10.3 29.7
1.3
7.6
.9 3.6 3.1
.6 2.2 2.6
3.3
4.1
4.7
4.0
4.6 23.9 21.5 24.2
4.4 23.3 26.2 24.5
8.2
6.5
.7 .4 2.2 2.5
.2 1.1 2.5 4.2
4.3
3.3
5.1
4.8
4.7 25.2 25.1 22.3 6.5
3.7 15.2 18.0 28.8 17.8
.2418 1.6
.2427 .8
.7
.8
.9 5.2 4.6
.8 3.1 4.9
3.9
4.5
6.8
6.6
5.0 26.7 21.6 18.9
7.8 26.4 22.5 17.3
56.5
52.3
.2495 .8
.3253 1.0
.8
.3
.4 2.7 4.0
.3 1.4 2.7
3.4
2.8
5.1
2.6
7.5 24.4 27.9 19.2 3.8
3.7 11.2 16.2 31.4 26.4
109
140
55.2
54.7
.3103
.3258 . . . . . . . .
.9
.7
.9
.7
3.7
1.4
2.8
2.9
3.7 13.8 18.3 38.5 17.4
.7 7.1 17.1 42.1 27.1
1912
1913
226
224
56.3
52.8
.3041 2.7
.3627 .4
.4
3.5 1.3
.9 1.8
2.7
1.8
2.7
2.2 15.0 19.9 33.2 17.3
.9 8.0 12.5 35.3 36.2
1911
1912
1,461
1,533
56.1
56.1
.2608 1.1
.2659 .6
.9
.8
.8 3.9 3.4
.6 2.3 3.2
3.5
4.0
5.2
4.8
4.7 24.0 21.3 23.7
5.2 22.9 24.1 23.7
1912
1913
2,480
2,581
56.3
52.5
.2610 1.0
.3090 .5
.7
.2
.4 2.5 2.9
.9 2.1 3.6
3.8
2.9
4.8
4.0
5.5 24.0 25.6 22.2 6.5
3.4 13.5 17.0 30.1 21.8
1911
1912
1912
1913
1,573
1,606
55.1
55.0
55.4
52.3
. 2397 .1 .3
.2482 ----- .2
.2441 .1 .3
.2878 ___ . . . .
.2 1.8 4.8
.5 1.7 2.9
.4 2.2 3.5
.3 .7 1.7
5.8
4.6
9.5
6.6
5.5
3.0
6.2
4.2
7.4 23.2 28.7 16.8
7.8 25.3 29.9 19.0
7.3 27.1 28.3 17.8
6.2 16.3 21.7 36.4
.2496 .2 .2 1.0 1.7 6.2
.4 .9 2.2
.2788 ----- —
.2706
.3 .8 2.8
___
.3104
.2 .2 1.5
....
5.7
3.3
2.5
2.4
9.7 10.7 16.2 20.2 21.9 6.0
7.6 8.0 19.3 18.9 30.6 8.9
6.6 6.8 22.3 25.1 25.9 6.9
4.6 5.1 15.4 18.3 34.3 18.1
2.7
5.8
2,027
2,274
.3
.9
.2
.7 .3 5.9 6.2
.7 3.4 3.4 2.8
*i.*3
4.1
4.7
7.7
7.8
1.5
1.4
1.4
9.4
1911
1912
1912
1913
637
586
55.4
55.2
55.4
52.2
1911
1912
1912
1913
186
225
274
251
54.7
54.5
55.1
52.5
.2629 1.1 . . . . . . . .
.5 1.6
.2852 . . . . — ----- ----- 1.3
.4 1.1 2.9
.2749 ___ ___
.4 .4 .8
.3360 . . . . ___
5.5
2.0
8.1 10.2 20.4 22.6 29.6 3.2
2.7 4.0 16.9 22.7 42.2 4.4
2.9 4.4 20.8 21.5 35.8 4.7
3.6 3.6 12.4 20.3 30.7 25.9
1911
1912
1912
1913
2,160
2,292
2,938
3,111
55.1
55.0
55.4
52.3
.2435 .2 .3
.2580 ----- .2
.2527 .1 .2
.2959 ___ ___
5.5
4.5
4.8
2.8
9.4
6.4
6.0
4.2
401
461
.3 1.7 4.8
.4 1.4 2.6
.4 1.8 3.3
.3 .6 1.6
8.2
7.5
6.9
5.8
21.7
23.3
25.5
15.8
26.6
27.0
27.0
20.9
1 This group is a com bination of the preceding male coat, pants, and vest operators.
vest pressers.
2 This group is a com bination of the preceding male coat, pants, and
18.9 2.5
23.6 3.2
21.2 2.9
35.6 12.4
26
T
BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS.
able
I . —AVERAGE AND CLASSIFIED RATES OF WAGES PER HOUR IN
THE UNITED STATES, B Y YEARS, 1911 TO 1913—Concluded.
M E N ’S CLOTHING M A N U F A C T U R IN G —Continued.
P E R C E N T —Concluded.
Occupation, sex,
and number of Year.
establishments.
Bushelers
and
tailors, male:
42 establish
ments.
N um
ber
of
em
p loy
ees.
Aver A ver
age
age
full rate
tim e
of
hours wages
per
per
week. hour.
10
and
un
der
12
cts.
12
and
un
der
14
cts.
14
and
un
der
16
cts.
16
and
un
der
18
cts.
18
and
un
der
20
cts.
50
20
25
30
40
60
70
and and and and and and
un un un un un un cts.
der der der der der der and
60
25
40
70 over.
30
50
cts. cts. cts. cts. cts. cts.
1911
1912
m
454
54.2 10.2475 0.2 1.4 3.6 8.3 8.3 27.0 32.9 17.3
54.2 .2477 1.1 1.8 2.6 4.8 7.0 33.9 28.0 20.5
1912
1913
574
044
54. S
52.4
.2434 1.2 2.1 3.0 6.3 8.0 34.3 27.4 17.6
.2683 .2 .5 2.0 2.6 5.3 27.6 32.5 26.7
1911
1912
1,545
1,694
49.9
49.9
.4035
.4032
. ... . ...
50 establish
ments.
Cutters,
cloth,
machine, male:
28 establish
ments.
1912
1913
1,865
1,743
49.7
48.9
.4083
.4355
__
1911
1912
101
90
50.3
49.9
42 establish
ments.
Examiners, shop
and stock room,
male:
31 establish
ments.
1912
1913
147
166
1911
1912
51 establish
ments.
Fitters or trim
m ers, c o a t,
male:
32 establish
ments.
48 establish
ments.
58 establish
ments.
Cutters,
cloth,
hand, male:
39 establish
ments.
0.8
.2
0.2 ....... .......
.2
1.9 “ '.’ 6
0.2
.1
.4
.8
.5
3.0
2.3
7.6 35.7 39.9 11.0
9.0 34.2 42.0 10.0
1.5
1.4
0.3
.3
.3
.4
2.0
.6
8.2 32.9 43.4 10.2
1.7 30.2 48.5 15.9
1.8
2.3
.8
.9
.4412
.4371
4.0
1.0
2.2 i.'i 2.2
1.0
2.2
6.9 18.8 28.7 33.7
4.4 17.8 34.4 31.1
5.9
4.4 ........
50.5
49.3
.4366
.4512 . ...
1.4
1.4
1.8
5.4 21.8 33.3 31.3
1.8 20.5 36.7 32.5
3.4
5.4 "i.* 2
269
268
52.4
52.2
.2914
.3023
.7
1.1
.4 .7 2.2 19.3 33.5 38.3
. 7 1.5 3.0 10.8 39.6 35.4
3.3
4.9
1.5
1.5
1912
1913
403
418
53.1
51.8
.2920
.2978
.5
.2
.7 2.0 2.5 15.4 39.2 33.7
. 7 1.2 1.9 14.1 35.4 40.7
4.2
5.0
1.7
.7
1911
1912
140
131
54.5
54.4
.2943
.2970 .. ..
1.4 1.4 3.6 3.6 16.4 36.4 25.7
2.3 3.1 3.8 17.6 35.9 29.0
8.6
6.9
2.9
1.5
1912
1913
194
180
55.1
52.1
.2915 2.1 1.0 2.1 3.1 3.1 18.0 33.0 27.3 8.8
.3450
.. .. .6 3.3 8.9 25.6 28.9 28.9
1.0
3.3
.1
. 7 1.4
.7
.7
.......
l1
.5
.6
27
WAGES AND HOUBS OF LABOR, 1911 TO 1913— M e n ’ s CLOTHING.
T
able
I I . —AVERAGE AND CLASSIFIED RATES OF WAGES PER HOUR
IN EACH YEAR, B Y CITIES, 1912 AND 1913.
MEN’ S CLOTHING MANUFACTURING— C o n t i n u e d .
B A S T E R S , C O A T : F e m a le .
[The figures for 1912 and 1913 are for identical establishments, hence all figures for 1913 are directly com
parable w ith those for 1912.1
Number of employees earning each classified rate of wages
per hour.
Year and city.
N um
ber of
estab
lish
ments.
N um
ber of
em
ploy
ees.
3
218
1913.
Baltim ore...........
Boston.................
Chicago...............
Cincinnati...........
N ew Y o r k ..........
Philadelphia___
R ochester...........
4
21
T otal.........
Aver- Aver
age
rate
s s .
7
9
8
of
tim e
n and and and
hours wages U
un
un
der
un
per
per
7 der der der
week. hour.
10
cts. 8
9
cts. cts. cts.
12
20
14
10
25
16
18
and and and and and and and 30
un un un un un un un cts.
der der der der der der der and
12
14
20
18
25
16
30 over.
cts. cts. cts. cts. cts. cts. cts.
i
16
21
7
3
342
51
104
50
53
58.2 $0.1352
54. C . 1272
54.0 .1996
53.5 .1517
57.0 .1306
54.4 .1379
54.8 .1921
50
839
55.5
.1654
20
3
243
8
333
.1346
.1606
.2254
.1783
.1564
.1641
.2239
.1843
1913.
Baltimore. _
B oston.................
Chicago...............
Cincinnati...........
N ew Y o r k ..........
Philadelphia___
Rochester...........
7
21
7
3
100
94
91
53.0
50.0
52.0
50.9
52.3
53.9
52.0
T otal.........
50
924
52.4
1
16
6
2
1
4
40
42
5
22
2
2
7
3
14
5
6
6
1
13
1
29
9
3
20
8
.3
9
3
3
9
” ‘i
9
37
25
43 102
109
114
106
7
10
26
64
1
10
4
15
11
3
50
2
17
4
21
10
8
32
1
27
7
14
17
9
25
2
35
13
6
17
8
45 107
112
107
106
1
1
1
8
12
9
8
1
6!
4
108:
!
6
6
15j
146
57
10
17
3
39 ***86
11
11
7
22
9
11
13
16
75
5
4
9
14
19
163 ' 109
62
3
33
9
i
43;
1
1
1
5
33 ‘ **40 ‘ **42
5
16
13
4
12
13
3
6
5
6
7
10
14
2
8
68
92
9.
21
2
27
2
43
B A S T E R S , P A N T S : F e m a le .
1912.
Baltimore...........
Boston.................
Chicago.........
N ew Y o r k ..........
P hiladelphia.. . .
2
2
3
9
4
17
5
107
40
14
55.0 $0.1168
54.0 .1885
54.0 . 1880
56.9 .1573
54.3 .1025
Total
20
183
54.8
.1682
1913.
Baltimore...........
Boston.................
Chicago...............
N ew Y o r k ..........
P h ila d elp h ia ....
2
2
3
9
4
5
4
50
51
17
53.4
50.0
52.0
53.1
53.6
.1632
.2137
.1699
.1684
.1365
Total.........
20
127
52.7
. 1659
1
....
1
5
4
1
1
2
2
2
3
2
9
9
3
2
1
1
1
2 " ’3
11
7
3
16
8
1
12
2
1
1
12 *'*25
4
5
2
13
10
26
23
26
15
18
30
15
1
1
5
1
3
10
4
1
1
9
1 ....
1
1
1
9
6
7
8
14
3
5
6
2
2
23
26
13
16
3
20
1
1
9
12
3
2
9
8
8
33
25
27
*‘ *i
1
7
7
1
2
2
16
3
5
6
17
11
9
7
1
30
23
10
32
1!
25
64
33|
7
4
2
6
B A S T E R S , V E S T : F e m a le •
1912.
Baltimore...........
Chicago...............
N ew Y o r k ..........
Philadelphia___
2
3
16
5
28
118
99
29
58.2 $0.1087
54.0 .2216
56.6 .1605
54.6 .1879
3
1
2
Total.........
26
274
55.4
4
4
.1845
2
3
6
3
1
2
10
7
12
9
6
29
9
9
1913.
12
3
1
15
i
Baltimore...........
Chicago...............
N ew Y o r k ..........
P hiladelphia.. . .
2
3
16
5
24
64
90
29
54.3
52.0
53.1
53.5
.1409
.2385
.1943
.2110
1
1
1
Total
26
207
52.9
.2041
3
1
....
6
1
1
10
1
3
17
7
3
10
3
5
13
4
3
8
2
10
2
1
21
18
21
20
21
17
16
61
4
1
17
10
13
6
2 ........
17
32i
28
T
BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS.
able
AVERAGE AND CLASSIFIED RATES OF WAGES PER HOUR
IN EACH YEAR, B Y CITIES, 1912 AND 1913— Continued.
I I .—
M E N ’S CLOTHING M A N U F A C T U R IN G — Continued.
B A S T E R S , A L L : F e m a le .'
N um
ber of
estab
Year and city.
lish
m ents.
Num ber of employees earning each classified rate of wages
per hour.
Aver Aver
N um age
age
ber of M i rate
9 10 12
14
em tim e
of
7
8
20
25
16
18
ploy hours wages U n and and and and and and and and and and 30
per der u n u n un u n un un un un un un cts.
ees.
per
7 der der der der der der der der der der and
week. hour.
9 10 12 14
30 over
cts. 8
20
16
25
18
cts. cts. cts. cts. cts. cts. cts. cts. cts. cts.
1912.
Baltirrmrp.
B oston.................
Chicago...............
Cincinnati...........
N ew Y o r k ..........
Philadelphia___
Rochester...........
T otal.........
58.0 D
54.0
54.0
53.8
56.8
54.4
54.8
8 24
1312 19
2
,1390 ....
” 3
4
?020
1
.1517
1472 "*i
7 ’ is
2
6
3
.1481
1
.1921
73 1,296
55.4
.1698
25
22
272
12
447
55
241
140
91
53.1
50.0
52.0
50.9
52.8
53.8
52.0
,1357
1783
, 2210
1783
1731
.1704 * * 'i
.2239
8
73 1,258
52.5
.1857
3
4
6
7
37
13
3
263
26
567
51
243
93
53
51
16
2
17
5
10
8
1
11
8
1
2
63 163
5
18 ’ *33
10
16
6
15
53
9
29
1
50
12
3
47
5
42
9
47
12
3
59 157
165
165
148
111
240
17
4
32
13
3
58
2
29
4
37
17
8
36
1
40
7
41
20
9
29
2
43
13
20
21
8
11
4
48
11
24
13
13
19
3
117
11
43
32
16
50 140
155
154
136
124
241
39
28
3
58 " * 6 i
16
13
32
23
10
13
10
7
6
4
2
88 ’ **37
1 .....
2
1 .....
5
105
48
2
1
1913.
Baltim ore...........
Boston.................
Chicago...............
Cincinnati...........
N ew Y o r k ..........
Philadelphia___
R ochester...........
T otal.........
3
4
6
7
37
13
3
1
10 •27
1
1
1
2
1
2
1
11
10
1
12
14
71
97 ‘ **53
5
23 “ **6
11
14 ’ **i9
152
79
H A N D S E W E R S , C O A T : F e m a le .
1912.
‘Baltimore............
B oston.................
Chicago...............
Cincinnati...........
N ew Y ork...........
Philadelphia___
R ochester...........
3
303
4
47
5 1,017
9
216
821
25
246
7
3
238
SR. 2 *0.1332 15
52.9 .1522
54.0 .1740 *io
9
53.4 .1450
56.6 .1361 18
8
54.3 .1337
1
54.6 .1695
13
2
7
4
32
10
1
17 58
1 10
55 106
10 21
59 181
21 54
10 28
55
8
107
60
140
49
35
48
8
151
35
125
32
33
32
5
147
38
81
29
37
22
4
130
11
37
13
29
20
5
194
18
63
15
43
Total
56 2,888
55.2
. 1526
69 115 173 458
454
432
369
246
358
255
98
845
210
852
245
274
53.6
50.0
52.0
50.5
52.0
53.1
52.0
1
.1608
.1649
.1924
.1604 ” 3
.1697
3
1
.1748
1
.1926
29
5
62
10
91
37
18
38
17
95
34
141
40
34
48
26
105
58
135
40
41
36
18
105
30
140
33
29
33
9
133
30
61
19
38
41
19
191
22
139
29
69
56 2,779
52.1
.1776
88 252
399
453
391
323
510
191
87
19
4
3
2
20
1
1
4
1
112
26
5
61
21
1
9
6
64
12
2
2
3
79
22
4
16
5
3
16 “ * 3
123
30
1913.
Baltimore...........
B oston.................
Chicago...............
Cincinnati...........
New Y ork ...........
Philadelphia___
Rochester...........
Total.........
3
4
5
9
25
7
3
9
3
3
1
2
6
3
1
3
7
14
8
16
35
15
1
15
3
32
18
4
8
3
80 ‘ **55
6
5
64
26
9
8
22
17
112
H A N D S E W E R S , P A N T S : F e m a le
1912.
Baltimore...........
B oston.................
Chicago...............
Cincinnati...........
N ew Y ork ...........
Philadelphia___
Rochester...........
3
3
5
5
11
5
3
106
27
506
29
117
67
85
57.5 $0.1201
54.0 .1397
54.0 .1646
53.9 .1425
56.4 .1220
54.2 .1198
54.3 .1651
Total ___
35,
937
54.7
.1497
9
4
7
1
2
6
3
1
5
2
2
8
1
13
11
20
15
4
44
28
3
48
6
29
10
6
20
3
64
4
22
14
12
18
11
76
10
9
5
14
12
5
70
3
5
4
11
‘ 1
1
83
4
8
3
8
85 130
139
143
110
108
6
4
44
1
15
12
3
1
This group is a combination of the preceding female coat, pants, and vest basters.
29
WAGES AND HOtTES OF LABOR, 1911 TO 1913---- M E N ’ S CLOTHING.
T able
I I . —AVERAGE AND CLASSIFIED RATES OF WAGES PER HOUR
IN EACH YEAR, B Y CITIES, 1912 AND 1913— Continued.
M E N ’ S CLOTHING M A N U F A C T U R IN G — Continued.
HAND SEW ERS, P AN TS: Female-Concluded.
N um
ber of
Year and city. estab
lish
ments.
Number of employees earning each classified rate of wages
per hour.
Aver- Aver
N um
age
ber of
rate
em- time
of
7
10 12
14
20
16
25
8
18
U n and and and and and and and and and and 30
pioy- hours
per der un un u n u n un un un un un un cts.
per
7 der der der der der der der der der der and
week. hour.
14
cts. 8
20
9 10 12
16
25
30 over.
18
cts. cts. cts. cts. cts. cts. cts. cts. cts. cts.
1913.
B altim ore...
B oston..........
Chicago........
C incinnati...
N ew Y o r k ...
Philadelphia
R och ester...
T otal..
35
39
32
461
31
117
54
53.4 $0.1618
50.0 .1511
52.0 .1673
50.5 .1705
52.1 .1547
53.5 .1309
52.0 .1751
830
52.0
.1633
4
13
31
91
158
122
121
110
145
26
85
67
78
120
23
HAND SEWERS, VEST: Female.
1913.
B altim ore...
Chicago........
C incinnati...
New Y o r k ...
Philadelphia
R ochester...
Total..
30
44
295
23
97
23
59.1 $0.1050
54.0 .1843
54.0 .1266
56.4 .1577
54.7 .1430
54.4 .1517
570
54.9
.1646
44
291
19
91
25
54.3
52.0
50.6
52.0
54.1
52.0
.1307
.2089
.1369
.1928
.1758
.1826
552
52.2
.1921
20
32
67
56
1913.
B altim ore...
Chicago........
Cincinnati.. .
N ew Y o r k ...
Philadelphia
Rochester___
Total..
30
3
121
43
1
26
7
12
1
4
4
13
40
43
76
74
170
61
17
HAND SEWERS, ALL: Female.*
1913.
9
25
12
2
18
2
10
4
40
13
5
37 25 99
1
5 13
20 114 175
13
36
7
82 76 220
25 35 65
7 22 47
80
U
180
72
176
67
63
70
19
269
47
155
41
59
46
10
258
41
102
35
54
24
5
262
16
54
18
53
20
5
373
19
78
21
74
3
3
117
4
19
4
22
90
92 179 290 655
649
660
546
432
590
172
40
18 45
3
8
32 112
7 17
38 116
26 48
8 37
52
22
188
40
176
64
64
57
33
195
70
160
46
57
49
23
213
36
166
43
58
44
10
246
36
79
24
68
50
26
398
28
185
38
100
g
3
138
7
77
10
35
66
7
33
8
22
52 132 383
606
618
588
507
825
278
136
Baltimore...........
Boston.................
Chicago...............
Cincinnati...........
N ew Y ork ..........
Philadelphia___
Rochester...........
3
453
4
74
6 1,818
18
268
39 1,035
14
336
5
411
58.1 $0.1274
53.3 .1476
54.0 .1730
53.5 .1432
56.6 .1365
54.4 .1316
54.5 .1648
31
Total.........
89 4,395
55.1
.1535
Baltimore...........
Boston.................
Chicago...............
Cincinnati...........
N ew Y ork ..........
Philadelphia___
Rochester...........
3
338
4
130
6 1,597
18
260
39 1,060
14
324
452
5
53.7
50.0
52.0
50.5
52.0
53.3
52.0
2
6
.1570
1
.1615
.1881
*’ *3
.1599 ’ **3
2
.1700
4
8
.1675
1
4
.1871
1
1
Total
89 4,161
52.1
.1767
29
.....
.....
1913.
12
24
7
1
6
7
18
12
1
* This group is a combination of the preceding female coat, pants, and vest hand sewers.
30
BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS.
T a b l e I I . — AVERAGE AND CLASSIFIED RATES
OF WAGES PER HOUR
IN EACH YEAR, B Y CITIES, 1912 AND 1913— Continued.
M EN ’S CLOTHING MANUFACTURING—Continued.
OPERATORS, COAT: Female.
Number of employees earning each classified rate of wages
per hour.
Year and city.
Aver A ver
age
Num N um age
rate
ber of ber of full
7
9
8
of
estab em tim e
U n and and and
lish p loy hours wages der un un un
per
per
ments. ees.
der der der
week. hour. cts. 8
9 10
cts. cts. cts.
10
and
un
der
12
cts.
25
12
14
18
20
16
and and and and and and 30
un un un un un un cts.
der der der der der der and
14
25
16
18
20
30 over.
cts. cts. cts. cts. cts. cts.
1912.
Baltimore...........
B oston.................
Chicago...............
Cincinnati...........
New Y ork ...........
Philadelphia___
Rochester...........
3
3
5
9
15
6
3
113
16
514
135
41
67
63
56.2 $0.1322
54.0 .1568
54.0 .2089
53.3 .1605
56.0 .1377
IKfU
54.1
54.6 . 1897!
Total.........
44
949
54.3
152
9
527
138
57
74
74
44 1,031
5
14
6
11
7
1
2
3
1
5
6
3
1
2
29
6
4
4
4
21
3
23
12
11
5
5
18
5
35
34
5
11
8
15
5
45
16
5
10
8
. 18351
8
15
23
54
80
116
104
113
53.2
50.0
52.0
50.6
52.5
53.7
52.0
.1512
.1583
.2233
.1831
. 1707
.1708
.2073
2
2
9
28
7
2
3
2
2
18
5
6
10
7
34
1
25
13
7
15
5
27
2:
58
19.
12
9
11
15
4
60
19
7
5
8
52.1
. 1989
3
25
74
100
138
118
7
57 *"'52
20
12
3
4
11
10
8
4
89
8
1
123
22
5
9
15
1
1
86
3
6
5
183
97
67
1
58
3
1913.
Baltimore...........
B oston.................
Chicago...............
Cincinnati...........
N ew Y ork ...........
Philadelphia___
R ochester...........
Total.........
3
3
5
9
15
6
3I
1
2
3
3
4
6
1
13
16
5
2
45 " i i 7 *93 **io4
4
21
38
11
1
5
13
3
5
16 ' 6
3
14
8
12
7
121
101
209
132
11
12
11
2
37 * *33 ***37
10
17
10
11
16
12
3
6
6
12
11
7
10
2
96
7
28
6
26
43
1
8
2
12
.....
50
OPERATORS, PANTS: Female.
1912.
Baltimore...........
Boston.................
Chicago...............
Cincinnati __ .
N ew Y ork...........
Philadelphia___
Rochester...........
3
2
5
6
15
5
3
117
7
374
67
97
45
99
57.1 $0.1339
54.0 .1565
54.0 .2013
53.5 . 1567
56.6 .1928
54.1 .1579
54.7 .1840
Total.........
39
806
54.8
.1819
Baltimore...........
B oston.................
Chicago...............
Cincinnati .
N ew Y ork ...........
Philadelphia___
R ochester...........
3
2
5
6
15
5
3
115
9
432
69
98
75
92
53.8
50.0
52.0
50.5
52.9
53.6
52.0
.1461
.1707
.2218
.1970
.2212
.1525
.2050
Total.........
39
890
52.3
.2019
7
6
10
2
1
2
1
1
4
2
1
13
7
7 25
1
13 ’ *25
2
8
1
4
2
9
4 10
16
2
42
11
7
9
14
2
41
1
2
17
30
81
101
95
86
83
175
68
2
5
11
2
5
2
2
2
14
2
5
14
5
69
1
24
8
10
8
4
4
2
37
11
8
13
12
3
1
64
13
6
7
11
2
3
41
13
10
4
15
15
2
109
9
21
9
24
74
4
21
5
12
62
7
15
2
8
16
51
124
87
105
88
189
120
94
53
1913.
8
3
1
8
8
4
OPERATORS, VEST: Female.
1912.
B altimore...........
Chicago...............
Cincinnati...........
N ew Y ork ...........
Rochester...........
2
3
4
10
3
47
195
28
54
83
5fi.
54.0
53.2
56.0
54.5
1193
.2493
.1319
.1941
.1901
4
T otal.........
22
407
54.6
.2068
4
1
1
6
1
1
1
3
8
2
4
11
14
4
3
7
8
26
39
2
1
3
11
4
7
5
9
11
3
10
3'
14
2
6
15
3
13
1
15
15
1
53
32
19
17
6
9
4
38
40
47
90
47
57
WAGES AND HOUBS OF LABOR, 1911 TO 1913---- M E N ’s CLOTHING.
T
able
31
I I . — AVERAGE AND CLASSIFIED RATES OF WAGES PER HOUR
IN EACH YEAR, B Y CITIES, 1912 AND 1913—Continued.
MEN’ S CLOTHING MANUFACTUXING— Continued.
O P E R A T O R S , V E S T : F e m a le —Concluded.
Number of employees earning each classified rate of wages
per hour.
Year and city.
N um N um
ber of ber of
estab em
lish p loy
ments. ees.
Aver Aver
age
age
full
rate
8
7
of
tim e
Un and and
hours wages der un un
per
per
7 der der
week. hour.
cts. 8
9
cts. cts.
9
and
un
der
10
cts.
10
and
un
der
12
cts.
1
1
7
2
8
7
2
2
15
5
4
1
19
25
12
14
20
16
18
25
and and and and and and 30
un un un un un un cts.
der der der der der der and
14
25
18
20
30 over.
16
cts. cts. cts. cts. cts. cts.
1913.
Baltimore...........
Chicago...............
Cincinnati...........
New Y ork ...........
Rochester...........
2
3
4
10
3
51
204
28
39
75
54.4 $0.1381
52.0 .2723
49.9 .1526
53.8 .2322
52.0 .2394
1
Total.........
22
397
52.3
.2364
1
2
9
6
7
10
2
4
8
5
3
12
4
17
3
5
8
5
43
4
15
25
25
32
37
31
29
21
7
91 **i04 *i02
44
32
23
19
25
31
16
14
16
35
29
26
48
66
14
11
16
92
73
82
19
3
272
29
52
15
58
3
1
161
4
14
2
27
1
152
3
6
1
11
212
174
O P E R A T O R S , A L L : Fem ale.*
1912.
Baltimore...........
Boston .............
Chicago...............
Cincinnati...........
N ew Y ork ...........
Philadelphia___
Rochester...........
3
277
3
23
6 1,083
230
19
32
192
112
8
5
245
56.7 $0.1307
54.0 .1567
54.0 .2136
53.3 .1559
56.3 .1814
54.1 .1534
54.6 .1875
16
13
27
2
2
4
1
2
3
2
5
11
3
4
2
1
16
1
43
11
5
6
10
57
3
52
27
15
14
19
45
7
91
49
15
20
29
Total.........
76 2,162
54.5
.1873
25
25
48
92 187
256
237
239
219
448
Baltimore...........
Boston.................
Chicago...............
Cincinnati...........
New Y ork .
Philadelphia___
Rochester...........
3
318
3
18
6 1,163
235
19
32
194
149
8
5
241
53.6
50.0
52.0
50.5
52.9
53.6
52.0
.1472
.1645
.2313
.1836
.2086
.1616
.2164
2
3
3
21
47
2
3
3
8
6
1
14
4
5
4
2
39
9
13
24
12
118
2
54
25
17
23
10
37
4
102
40
20
22
25
22
5
132
37
16
12
31
22
5
103
37
20
9
30
33
2
269
51
49
25
61
Total.........
76 2,318
52.2
.2065
3
13
16
50 144
249
250
255
226
490
1913.
1
1 This group is a com bination of the preceding female coat, pants, and vest operators.
9
1
215
15
38
11
37
*232
11
16
5
32
325
297
32
BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS.
T a b le
I I . — AVERAGE AND CLASSIFIED RATES OF WAGES PER HOUR
IN EACH YEAR, B Y CITIES, 1912 AND 1913— Continued.
M E N ’S CLOTHING M A N U F A C T U R IN G — Continued.
BASTERS, COAT: Male.
Year an 1 city .
N um
ber o f
estab
lish
ments.
A ver
N um age
ber of full
em tim e
p loy hours
per
ees.
week.
Num ber of employees earning each classified rate of wages
per hour.
Aver
age
rate of
wages U n and
per der un
der
hour.
cts. 9
cts.
,
10 I 2
and and and
un un 1un
der der der
10 12 14
cts. cts. cts.
14
16
18
20 25 30
and and and and and and 40
un un un un un un cts.
der der der der der der and
16
18
20
25
30
40 over.
cts. cts. cts. cts. cts. cts.
1912.
B altim ore...
B oston.........
Chicago........
C incinnati..
N ew Y o r k ..
Philadelphia
R ochester...
195
42
301
7
598
180
T ota l..
54 1,409
55.7
.2151
B altim ore...
Boston.........
Chicago........
C in cinnati...
N ew Y o r k ..
Philadelphia
R ochester...,
217
38
266
18
573
254
106
53.8
50.0
52.0
50.6
52.1
53.5
52.0
.2188
.2800
.3031
.2245
.2614
.2109
.2618
T ota l..
54 1,472
52.5
. 2540
58. $0.1862
53.4 .2335
54.0 .2490
53.8 .2993
56.3 .2113
54.3 . 1822
54.5 .2413
49
11
63
2
166
42
28
10
15
12
67
126
160
155
361
231
178
1913.
20
3
3
9
30
60
54
14
43
5
142
75
18
62
4
134
41
31
137
18
29
*35
351
320
317
75
37
11
26
10
95
4
2
30
2
2
2
85
107
3
7
1
13 ***is
1
1
12
3
16
1
6
4
5
12
1
7
19
10
49
5
8
14
7
25
2
6
3
8
2
10
1
1 .....
2
24
38
29
91
54
24
4
6
1
2
1
4
5
1
1
9
3
14
10
4
6
16
22
2
5
HAND SEWERS, COAT: Male.
1912.
B altimore...........
Chicago...............
N ew Y o r k ..........
Philadelphia. ..
Rochester...........
Total.
.
3
5
19
5
3
69
36
152
13
35
58.4 $0.1987
54.0 .2516
56.3 .2086
54.3 .2061
54.6 .2141
1
35
305
56.2
.2120
1
3
5
19
5
3
4
56
58
7
20
54.0
52.0
52.2
54.0
52.0
. 1046
.2472
.2721
.1255
.3127
1
35
145
52.2
.2564
1
1
”
6
1
9
1
2
1
18
19
i
2
1913.
Baltimore...........
Chicago...............
N ew Y ork . . . .
Philadelphia___
Rochester. . ..
T ota l., .
1
1
2
2
3
1
1
1
1
1
5
5
4
2
2
5
5
4
14
26
15
43
11
22
2
3
3
33
6
1
18
2
4
2
27
7
4
97
19
24
1
154
40
9
62
26
35
4
156
45
15
12
28 **‘ i2
53
31
1
165
38
23
4
22
3
70
64
344
343
304
10
11
OPERATORS, COAT: Male.
1912.
Baltimore...........
B oston.................
Chicago...............
Cincinnati
N ew Y o r k ..........
P h ila d elp h ia ....
Rochester...........
T ota l........
3
4
5
5
26
7
3
289
90
160
16
614
139
56
53 1,364
59.2 $0.1996
8
5
53.2 .3065
1
54.0 .3125 ___
53.8 .2078
3
3
56.5 .2721
54.4 .2512
1 ....
1
54.6 .2863
56.2
.2615
12
10
3
17
17
28
1 .....
2
2
1
9
2
’ i
9
5
1
4
15
5
6
30
34
59
88
WAGES AND HOXJKS OF LABOR, 1911 TO 1913— M e n ’ s CLOTHING.
33
AVERAGE AND CLASSIFIED RATES OF WAGES PER HOUR
IN EACH YE A R , B Y CITIES, 1912 AND 1913— Continued.
T able I I . —
M E N ’ S CLOTHING M A N U F A C T U R IN G —Continued.
O P E R A T O R S , C O A T : M a le —Concluded.
Year and city.
N um
ber of
estab
lish
ments.
N um
ber of
em
p loy
ees.
3
4
5
5
26
7
3
436
53
225
20
647
186
86
A v er
age
full
tim e
hours
per
week.
N um ber of employees earning each classified rate of wages
per hour.
A ver
age
rate of
8
wages U n and
un
per
der der
hour.
8
9
cts. cts.
9
and
un
der
10
cts.
10
and
un
der
12
cts.
12
and
un
der
14
cts.
10
25
46
29
41
29
4
6
6
5
1
17
9
20
25
14
16
18
30
and and and and and and 40
un un un un un un cts.
der der der der der der and
25
40 over.
16
18
20
30
cts. cts. cts. cts. cts. cts.
1913.
Baltimore...........
Boston.................
Chicago...............
Cincinnati..........
New Y o r k ..........
Philadelphia___
Rochester...........
T o t a l . ..
53 1,653
53.9 $0.2176
50.0 .3929
52.0 .3433
50.9 .2918
51.7 .3228
53.6 .2678
52.0 .3467
4
.2948
4
52.5
2
90
3
20
3
93
36
7
104
3
33
5
88
49
16
53
28
71
9
242
45
28
3
19
72
1
157
15
28
1
1
7
1
8
4
1
6
9
2
12
6
1
8
1
16
11
3
4
18
42
69
54
80
61
252
298
476
295
O P E R A T O R S , P A N T S : M a le .
1912.
Baltimore...........
B oston.................
Chicago...............
N ew Y o r k ..........
Philadelphia___
Rochester...........
3
3
5
21
5
3
167
41
137
468
69
8
58.4 $0.2081
54.0 .3064
54.0 .2709
57.0 .2578
54.9 .2135
54.4 .2757
2
2
3
T otal.........
40
890
56.5
.2495
7
Baltimore...........
B oston.................
Chicago...............
New Y o r k ..........
Philadelphia___
Rochester..........
3
3
5
21
5
3
39
32
115
440
72
6
53.4
50.0
52.0
52.3
53.3
52.0
.2718
.3666
.3341
.3369
.2528
.3024
T otal.........
40
704
52.3
.3253
2
8
13
11
14
1
3
1
1
3
10
3
2
15
6
6
12
1
5
20
6
23
4
7
29
4
47
9
32
109
20
29
10
41
147
14
7
12
12
31
108
7
1
3
6
10
14
1
7
4
24
36
30
45
67
217
248
171
34
4
6
4
2
1
2
12
3
1
1
12
6
9
6
12
7
10
3
14
46
6
9
2
22
68
11
2
10
14
41
138
14
4
3
12
30
131
10
10
19
20
18
26
79
114
221
186
3
1913.
5
2
'7
1
1 ***2
2
2
..... .....
O P E R A T O R S , V E S T : M a le .
1913.
59.5 $0.1925
54.0 .3766
56.6 .3067
55.2 .3157
7
1
2
3
1
3
2
2
3
1
1
18
5
8
3
10
13
14
8
5
26
27
17
28
11
8
3
6
4
5
34
45
75
39
3
1
3
1
4
1
1
1
8
3
7
14
6
8
10
19
34
16
1
45
23
12
3
2
4
6
2
18
28
79
81
Baltimore...........
Chicago...........
New Y o r k ..........
Philadelphia___
2
3
15
5
54
76
68
28
T ota l........
25
226
56.3
.3041
6
1
....
Baltimore...........
Chicago. . . . . . .
New York
Philadelphia___
2
3
15
5
46
75
73
30
54.0
52.0
52.4
53.5
.2420
.4286
.3641
.3795
1
....
T otal........
25
224
52.8
.3627
1
5
1
1
1913.
67479®—B ull. 161—13------3
1
1
34
BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS.
T a b le
I I . — AVERAGE AND CLASSIFIED RATES OF WAGES PER HOUR
IN EACH YE A R , B Y CITIES, 1912 AND 1913— Continued.
M E N ’S CLOTHING M A N U F A C T U R IN G — Continued.
OPERATORS, ALL: Male. *
Year and city.
Num N um
ber o f ber of
estab em
lish p loy
ments. ees.
Num ber of employees earning each classified rate of wages
per hour.
A v er
age
full
tim e
hours
per
week.
A ver
age
rate of
wages U n and
per
der un
hour.
der
cts. 9
cts.
10 12 14 16 18 20 25 30
and and and and and and and and and 40
un un un un un un un un un cts.
der der der der der der der der der and
10 12 14 16
25
30
40 over.
18
20
cts. cts. cts. cts. cts. cts. cts. cts. cts.
1912.
32
59.0$0. 2017
53.5
3065
54.0
3103
2078
53.8
2683
56.7
2479
54.7
54.
2849
Baltim ore___
B oston...........
C hicago........
Cincinnati__
N ew Y o r k ...
Philadelphia
R ochester___
510
131
373
16
1,150
236
64
T otal..
87 2,480
56.3
.2610
521
85
415
.3830
.3561
.2918
.3308
.2757
.3438
.3090
42
162
28
61
1
18
10
62
73
95
119
136
46
34
4
317
67
29
40
110
1
3
18
69
22
300
47
23
636
550
161
37
3
146
42
7
127
5
61
5
164
60
18
73
42
131
9
414
75
32
7
31
147
271
63
25
101
1913.
Baltimore___
B oston..........
Chicago........
C incinnati...
N ew Y o r k ..
Philadelphia
R och ester...
1,160
288
92
53.9
50.0
52.0
50.9
52.0
53.5
52.0
T otal..
87 2,581
52.5
20
13
108
6
23
54
1
311
37
28
74
104
89
349
440
33
1
17
4
41
15
17
3
31
5
43
20
7
20
2
35
2
56
15
18
64
10
138
33
212
46
46
55
1
174
40
194
25
85
20
14
181
8
108
20
9
2
6
13
562
PRESSERS, COAT: Male.
1912.
Baltimore...........
B oston...............
Chicago.............
Cincinnati...........
N ew Y o r k ........
Philadelphia___
Rochester...........
Total.
...
3
4
5
9
26
7
3
255
37
596
96
716
155
172
57.9 $0.2077
53.5 .2971
54.0 .2712
53.7 . 2411
56.4 .2371
54.3 .2194
54.7 .2459
2
2
57 2,027
55.4
.2441
3
4
5
9
26
7
3
309
48
636
91
758
247
185
53.5
50.0
52.0
50.9
52.1
53.6
52.0
.2415
.3207
.3209
.2713
.2987
.2297
.2842
57 2,274
52.3
.2 8 7 81 ...
i
2
20
20
4
3
3
2
16
1
2
4
1
30
13
2
8
44
70
111
126
148
549
574
360
29
1
9
17
22
32
1
13
3
19
24
4
31
2
30
2
29
39
9
51
5
93
24
104
72
21
77
17
115
13
172
39
60
61
11
252
40
355
31
78
8
12
122
2
56
8
6
96
142
370
493
828
214
6
1
4
8
1913.
Baltimore...........
Boston.................
Chicago...............
Cincinnati...........
N ew Y o r k ..........
Philadelphia. . . .
Rochester...........
Total
...
4
2
2
1
4
1
1
11
9
11
4
7
19
6
7
17
38
69
PRESSERS, PANTS: Male.
1912.
Baltim ore..........
B oston.................
Chicago...............
Cincinnati...........
N ew Y o r k ..........
P h ila d elp h ia ....
Rochester...........
Total . . . .
i This
47
56
21
193
30
237
45
55
57.4 $0.2529
54.0 .2922
54.0 .3098
.2105
53.
56.8 .2563
54.5 .2316
54.6 .2686
637!
55.4
.2706
J
4;
3
10
94
18
37i
13
8
:
1
4
19
18
16
42
43i 142
160:
group is a com bination of the preceding male coat, pants, and vest operators.
165!
1
1
1
44
35
WAGES AND HOURS OF LABOR, 1911 3^0 1913---- M E N 'S CLOTHING.
T
able
I I . — AVERAGE AND CLASSIFIED RATES OF WAGES PER HOUR
IN EACH YEAR, B Y CITIES, 1912 AND 1913— Continued.
M E N ’ S CLOTHING M A N U F A C T U R IN G — Continued.
P R E S S E R S , P A N T S : M a le —Concluded.
Year and city.
N um
ber of
estab
lish
ments.
Aver
N um age
ber of full
em tim e
p loy hours
ees. per
week.
N um ber of employees earning each classified rate of wages
per hour.
A ver
age
8
9
rate of
wages Un and and
per der un un
hour. 8 der der
cts. 9 10
cts. cts.
10
and
un
der
12
cts.
12
and
un
der
14
cts.
14
16
18
20
25
30
and and and and and and 40
un un un un un un cts.
der der der der der der and
20
30
40 over.
18
25
16
cts. cts. cts. cts. cts. cts.
1913.
Baltim ore...........
B oston.................
Chicago...............
Cincinnati...........
N ew Y o r k ..........
Philadelphia___
R ochester......... .
3
3
5
6
22
5
3
29
18
207
32
193
46
61
53.3 10.2294
50.0 .3909
52.0 .3430
50.7 .2350
52.5 .3139
53.3 .2651
52.0 .2773
1
Total
47
586
52.2
.3104
1
1
1
1
2
5
5
4
1
2
1
1
3
3
4
1
8
1
9
3
1
4
3
14
3
1
3
2
23
8
28
8
18
7
4
18
9
40
9
20
6
5
89
5
61
17
18
36
1
2
9
14
27
30
90
107
201
106
2
5
3
1
4
7
18
1
17
2
12
1
24
2
26
3
3
1
66
1
14
5
11
1
10
4
4
3
1
2
1
1
12
57
59
98
13
1
3
6
20
1
15
1
8
5
37
2
16
9
8
3
44
*i2
2
4
51
77
65
7
60
P R E S S E R S , V E S T : M ale.
1912.
2
4
2
1
2
Baltimore...........
Chicago...............
Cincinnati...........
N ew Y o r k ..........
P h ila d elp h ia ....
Rochester...........
2
3
2
16
5
3
25
129
5
70
13
32
58.0 $0.2003
54.0 .3038
54.0 .2566
56.3 .2513
55.2 .3240
54.4 .2514
1
Total.........
31
274
55.1
.2749
1
3
8
15
B altimore...........
Chicago..........
Cincinnati...........
N ew Y o r k ..........
Philadelphia___
R o c h e s te r .........
2
3
2
16
5
3
23
113
5
58
16
36
54.2
52.0
50.0
52.9
53.5
52.0
.2695
.3823
.2698
.3164
.3119
.2846
1
1
2
2
1
Total.........
31
251
52.5
.3360
1
4
8
2
1913.
1
3
1
2
1
2
3
2
5
1
10
3
10
5
9
9
31
25
3
39
6
67
25
11
28
2
43
8
74
22
26
85
14
185
44
295
59
66
1
66i
24
8!
22
232j 341
51!
9
293! 159
401 29
1031 39
21
3
1
86
1
1
2
2
P R E S S E R S , A L L : M a le .i
I
1912.
57.8 $0.2147
53.7 .2953
54.0 .2839
53.7 .2347
56.5 .2425
54.4 .2283
54.6 .2514
2
102 2,938
55.4
.2527
2
Baltimore...........
Boston.................
Chicago...............
Cincinnati
N ew Y o r k ..........
Philadelphia. . . .
Rochester...........
3
361
4
66
6
956
128
17
53 1,009
14
309
5
282
53.5
50.0
52.0
50.8
52.2
53.6
52.0
Total.........
102 3,111
52.3
Baltimore...........
Boston
....
Chicago...............
Cincinnati...........
N ew Y o r k ..........
P hiladelphia.. . .
R ochester...........
Total
336
3
4
58
918
6
131
17
53 1,023
14
213
5
259
2
23
32
4
2
4
1
4
4
4
17
2
2
10
1
37
14
2
36
2
23
6
52
18
5
6
11
52
96
142
176
203
748
793, 623
.2423
. 3399
.3329
.2522
.3026
.2392
.2828
2
10
20
26
1
4
2
3
1
4
1
4
2
13
10
13
7
11
23
8
37
1
24
5
30
28
7
37
2
37
5
45
42
13
56
7
121
33
142
83
49
90;
72
21
16
153i 378
23!
47
227: 432
49!
57
88j 104
11
19
226
2
104
11
12
.2959
9
19
49
88
132
181
491
65ljl, 106
385
1913.
13
7
41
|
i This group is a combination of the preceding male coat, pants, and vest pressers.
36
T
BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS.
able
I I . — AVERAGE AND CLASSIFIED RATES OF WAGES PER HOUR
IN EACH YEAR, B Y CITIES, 1912 AND 1913— Continued.
MEN’ S CLOTHING MANUFACTURING—Continued.
BTJSHELERS AND TAILORS: Male.
Employees earning each classified rate of wages per hour.
Aver
age
full
time
hours
per
week.
Aver
age
rate of 10 12 14
wages and and and
per un un un
hour. der der der
12 14 16
cts. cts. cts.
N um
ber of
estab
lish
ments.
N um
ber of
em
ploy
ees.
Baltimore...........
Chicago...............
Cincinnati..........
N ew Y o r k ..........
Philadelphia—
Rochester...........
3
5
8
32
57.3 $0.2086
52.9 .2502
53.7 .2252
55.1 .2513
56.1 .2150
54.5 .2878
3
1
1
2
3
51
136
33
271
70
13
T ota l........
58
574
54.8
.2434
7
Baltimore...........
Chicago...............
Cincinnati..........
N ew Y o r k ..........
Philadelphia___
Rochester...........
3
5
8
32
3
73
144
28
315
74
10
53.5
51.4
51.5
51.9
55.4
52.0
.2532
.2744
.2712
.2774
.2258
.3058
T otal........
58
644
52.4
.2683
Year and city.
20
25
40
30
50
60
and and and and and and 70
un un un un un un cts.
der der der der der der and
50
60
25
30
40
70 over.
cts. cts. cts. cts. cts. cts.
16
and
un
der
18
cts.
18
and
un
der
20
cts.
7
2
5
19
3
10
10
1
18
2
3
3
1
9
1
15
42
14
78
46
2
7i
oo10]
70
9
6|
3
23
1
67
2
5
12
17
36
40
197
157j
101
1
6
6
7
31
22
3
74
48
10
79
14
89
11
6
19
33
9
101
6
4
10
4
1
178
209
172
12
4
1
3
17
4
2
6
5
10
18
194
74
461
37
15
13
112
7
57
2
1
3
1
28
83
2
164
37
83
81
164
11
18
3
59
6
11
12
48
6
8
37
153
614
809
191
33
14
*21
16
213
113
388
43
51
3
13
155
3
96
6
1
12
25
8
1
2
3
277
40
15
25
5
1912.
3
1
1913.
1
1
*” i
1
1 11
1
10 " i 3
8
1
3
17
13
34
2
CUTTERS, CLOTH, HAND: Male.
1912.
3
Baltimore...........
4
Boston
. ........
5
Chicago ...........
7
Cincinnati. . . . . .
N ew Y o r k .. . .23
..
5
___
3
Rochester...........
T ota l........
113
53
551
131
615
136
260
52.4 $0.3362
48.9 .5751
48.0 .4267
50.2 .3941
48.4 .4357
52.0
.3831
Philadelphia
54.0 .3242
50 1 1,865
49.7
3
4
5
7
23
5
3
49.2 .3739
45.1 .5576
48.0 .4573
49.4 .4231
48.3 .4505
.4196
50.4
Philadelphia—
52. 0 . 3668
.4083
1913.
Baltimore...........
B o s t o n ...............
Chicago...............
Cincinnati. . . . . .
New Y o r k ..........
Rochester...........
T ota l........
114
55
536
149
535
127
227
50 1,743
48.9j
i
j
i
1
!
!
i
.4355
j
i
10
15
90
4
132
29
49
73
150
10
29
527
845
.3
4
2
4
18
1
3
4
12
11
17
5
32
49
2
i
4
1
i
i
.. J . . . .
|
i
C U T T E R S , C L O T H , M A C H IN E : M a le .
1912.
Baltimore...........
Chicago...............
Cincinnati..........
N ew Y o r k ..........
Philadelphia—
Rochester...........
3
5
7
22
3
2
16
44
15
62
7
3
T o ta l........
42
147
53.5 $0.2925
48.0 .5234
50.8 .4150
50.9 .4233
54.0 .4100
54.0 .3766
2
---j
2
50.5
. 4366
1
2
2
1
2
4
1
2
8
21
46
5
9
4
4
WAGES AND HOXJES OF LABOR, 1911 TO 1913— MEN
T a b le
37
CLOTHING.
I I . —AVERAGE AND CLASSIFIED RATES OF WAGES PER HOUR
IN EACH YEAR, B Y CITIES, 1912 AND 1913— Concluded.
MEN’ S CLOTHING MANUFACTURING— Continued.
C U T T E R S , C L O T H , M A C H IN E : M a le —Concluded.
Employees earning each classified rate of wages per hour.
Year and city.
N um
ber of
estab
lish
ments.
Aver A ver
N um age
age
ber of full rate of
em time
ploy- hours per
per hour.
week.
10
and
un
der
12
cts.
12
and
un
der
14
cts.
14
and
un
der
16
cts.
16
and
un
der
18
cts.
18
and
un
der
20
cts.
40
20
25
30
50
60
and and and and and and 70
un un un un un un cts.
der der der der der der and
50
60
70 over
25
30
40
cts. cts. cts. cts. cts. cts.
1913.
49. 7$0..3591
48.0 .5507
50.1 .4181
49.0 .4488
52.9 .3900
52.0 .3590
B altim ore...
Chicago........
Cincinnati. . .
New Y o r k ..,
Philadelphia
R ochester...
T ota l..
42
166
49.3
.4512
3!
I
34
61
54
1
4
3
5
1
2
1
3
E X A M I N E R S , S H O P A N D S T O C K R O O M : M a le .
1912.
Baltimore...........
Boston.................
Chicago...............
Cincinnati..........
New Y o r k ..........
Philadelphia___
Rochester...........
3
4
5
7
23
5
4
58
13
113
23
132
44
20
59.1 $0.2341
49.6 .3621
52.9 .3006
51.4 .3230
50.8 .303*2
54.2 .256?
54.2 .3328
1
Total
m.
403
53.1
.2920
Baltimore...........
Boston.................
Chicago .............
Cincinnati..........
New Y o r k ..........
Philadelphia___
Rochester...........
3
4
5
7
23
5
4
82
12
128
25
111
42
18
53.8
50.3
51.2
50.5
50.6
53.9
52.0
.2619
.3364
.3114
.3248
.3040
.2626
.3449
1
T ota l........
51
418
51.8
.2978
1
---
1
1
2
2
3
4
1
25
I
25
1
56
8
40
20
8
2
10
35
8
66
7
8
4
2
1
10
3
9
15
8
10
62
158
136
17
2
3
23
40
1
6
1
13
14
2
59
7
21
21
12
12
52
15
60
6
13
10
2
5
59
148
170
21
3
1
5
4
7
1913.
3
3
3
5
3
1
8
1
3
3
3
F I T T E R S O R T R I M M E R S , C O A T : M a le .
1912.
3
4
5
9
18
6
3
30
10
52
19
45
19
19
48
Baltimore...........
B oston............
Chicago...............
Cincinnati..........
N ew Y o r k ..........
Philadelphia___
Rochester...........
Total
57.8 $0.2410
53.0 .2924
54.0 .2959
53.6 .2696
56.2 .3314
54.3 .2925
54.5 .2853
14
194
55.1
.2915
14
3
4
5
9
18
6
3
25
8
46
15
41
26
19
53.6
50.0
52.0
50.7
51.6
53.5
52.0
48
180
52.1
Baltimore...........
Boston.................
Chicago...............
C incinnati..........
New Y o r k ..........
Philadelphia___
R ochester.. . . . . .
Total . . .
1
1
2
1
1
2
7
2
19
13
8
7
8
5
4
14
17
7
6
2
1
1
5
1
10
4
6
5
4
6
6
35
64
53
2
1
.2851
.3729
.3668
.2822
.3869
.3122
.3635
1
4
5
1
2
1
4
2
1
8
1
8
11
3
U
4
4
1
21
3
10
7
. 6
2
4
12
1
1
3
23
3
8
1
. 3450j
1
16
46
52
52
6
2
2
2
4
1
2
1
1
1913.
2
6
1 Including 1 whose rate was 9 and under 10 cents.
1
1
38
BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS.
T able
I I I . —AVERAGE AND CLASSIFIED FULL-TIME HOURS PER W EEK
IN THE UNITED STATES, B Y YEARS, 1911 TO 1913.
MEN’ S CLOTHING MANUFACTURING— Continued.
[The figures for each tw o years grouped are for identical establishments.]
NUMBER.
Aver
age
N um
ber of full
Occupation, sex, and num ber of Year. em
time
establishments.
ploy hours
ees.
per
week.
Basters, coat, male:
30 establishments.
54 establishments.
Basters, coat, female:
36 establishments..
1911
1912
112
036
Employees whose full-time hours per week w ereOver
51
48
and
and under
under 54
51
Under
48.
55.3
55.2
122
1912
1913
52.5
200
Over
57
54
and
and under
under
60.
57.
464
479
424
344
487
383
449
438
124
114
1911
1912
603
668
55.2
55.1
1912
1913
839
924
55.5
52.4
1911
1912
152
166
55.0
54.8
96
113
20 establishments...................I 1912
1 1913
183
127
54.8
52.7
124
34
1911
I 1912
161
212
54.7
54.7
26 establishments...................j 1912
1913
274
207
55.4
52.9
916
,046
55.0
55.0
50 establishments.
Basters, pants, female:
11 establishments...
Basters, vest, female:
17 establishments................... i
Basters, all, female:*
50 establishments,
73 establishments.
Bushelers and tailors, male:
42 establishments.............
58 establishments.
Cutters, cloth, hand, male:
39 establishments............
50 establishments.,
Cutters, cloth, machine, male:
26 establishments.................
42 establishments.
Exam iners, shop and stock
room , male:
31 establishments..................
51 establishments..
Fitters or trimmers, coat, male:
32 establishments...................
48 establishments..........
1911
1912
1912
1913
55.4
52.5
1911
1912
496
454
54.2
54.2
1912
1913
574
644
54.8
52.4
49. <3
1911
1912
1912
1913
48. fl
1911
1912
101
90
50.3
49.9
1912
1913
147
166
50.5
49.3
1911
1912
268
52.4
52.2
1912
1913
403
418
53.1
51.8
1911
1912
140
131
54.5
54.4
1912
1913
194
180
55.1
52.1
27
697
436
167
75
208
143
54
133
18
127
77
15
1
207
201
687
278
299
18
136
144
184
147
36
38
56
421
167
88
182
45
23
61
372
519
20
19
361
480
15
93 j.
1,068 !
12 1,134 i
i
1,268 i , 60
1,204 ' 115
81
99
537
678
37
883
j
41
122
151
14
59 j
90 j
144 |
147 |
4 ! 105
5 I 65
10
35
41
189
45
151 i
122
83 ;
92 j
18 I
36 ! 107 l
93 l
37
54
1 This group is a com bination of the preceding female coat, pants, and vest, basters.
60
13
IS
WAGES ANT> HOURS OF LABOR, 1911 TO 1913---- M e n ’ s CLOTHING.
39
I I I . —AVERAGE AND CLASSIFIED FULL-TIME HOURS PER W EEK
IN THE UNITED STATES, B Y YEARS, 1911 TO 1913— Continued.
T a b le
M EN ’ S CLOTHING M ANUFACTURING— Continued.
N U M B E R —Continued.
Aver
N um
age
ber of full
Occupation, sex, and num ber of Year. em
time
establishments.
p loy hours
per
ees.
week.
Hand sewers, coat, male:
18 establishments........
Employees whose full-time hours per week were—
Un
der
48.
48
1911
1912
221
190
55.8
56.0
1912
1913
305
145
56.2
52.2
1911
1912
2,668
2,427
54.8
54.8
1912
1913
2,888
2,779
55.2
52.1
1911
1912
656
819
54.9
54.5
1912
1913
937
830
54.7
52.0
1911
1912
339
512
54.6
54.3
1912
1913
570
552
54.9
52.2
1911
1912
3,663
3,758
54.8
54.7
1912
1913
4,395
4,161
55.1
52.1
31 esta b lish m en ts..
1911
1912
913
878
55.9
56.0
53 establishments..
1912
1913
1,364
1,653
56.2
52.5
1911
1912
756
833
54.2
54.1
1912
1913
949
1,031
54.3
52.1
1911
1912
439
515
56.8
56.8
! 1912
1913
890
704
56.5
52.3
1911
1912
599
752
54.8
54.6
1
1912
1913
806
890
54.8
52.3
1
1911
1912
109
140
55.2
54.7
1912
1913
226
224
56.3
52.8
1911
1912
312
366
54.4
54.2
1912
1913
407
397
54.6
52.3 ......................
35 establishments.
H and sewers, coat, female:
39 establishments...........
56 establishments.
H and sewers, pants, female:
25 establishments.............
35 establishments.
H and sewers, vest, female:
21 establishments...........
30 establishments..
H and sewers, all, fem ales
61 establishments.........
89 establishments..
Over
51
48
and
and under
under
54.
51.
83
71
16
11
37
37
30
102
60
23
108
64
43
8
95 1,619
143 1,441
738
601
101
109
115
125
8
7
210 1,433
475 1,911
383
706
328
203
41
60
452
633
56
47
30
23
70
53
53
636
643
100
124
61
53
13
19
199
372
110
109
17
12
19
415
336
64
147
24
32
36
149 2,270
222 2,446
904
757
148
144
185
178
282 2,412
547
618 2,962
977
24
421
292
43
52
280
267
371
332
65
74
154
153
134
779
321
547
417
251
241
54
62
580
668
103
80
4
19
13
64
783
700
143
145
15
19
26
34
114
167
102
82
102
123
95
109
34
386
243
162
264
3
240
109
61
54
343
483
129
133
30
27
36
50
48
631
467
193
190
49
50
11
8
34
81
47
37
17
14
7
105
81
80
57
14
32
25
5
5
12
13
187
249
82
78
26
21
5
28
12
284
218
64
128
21
26
7
3
94
49
7
11
11
7
Operators, coat, male:
Operators, coat, female:
34 establishments___
44 establishments..
Operators, pants, male:
20 establishments...
Operators, pants, female:
26 establishments.
ablisl
39 establishments..
Operators, vest, male:
16 establishments..
25 establishments..
Operators, vest, female:
17 establishments___
22 establishments........
327
6
3
6
4
98
"m
4
2
65
i This group is a com bination of the preceding female coat, pants, and vest hand sewers.
60
70
49
3
3
Over
57
54
and
and under
under
60.
57.
15
22
20
3
54
49
18
40
T
BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS.
I I I . —AVERAGE AND CLASSIFIED FULL-TIME HOURS PER W EEK
IN THE UNITED STATES, B Y YEARS, 1911 TO 1913— Continued.
able
M EN’ S CLOTHING MANUFACTURING— Continued.
N U M B E R —C oncluded.
A ver
age
ber of full
Occupation, sex, and num ber of Year. em
time
establishments.
ploy hours
per
ees.
week.
Operators, all, male:*
46 establishments._______
Em ployees whose full-time hours per week were—
Un
der
48.
48
Over
51
48
and
and under
under : 54.
51. |
54
Over
57
54
and
and under
under
60.
57.
60
1911
1912
1,461
1,533
56.1
56.1
80
94
428
515
520
451
184
211
249
262
1912
1913
2,480
2,581
56.3
52.5
175
505 1,270
645
789
738
17
523
399
1911
1912
1j 667
1,951
54.5
54.3
1
10
127 1,110
129 1,400
314
291
56
52
55
63
1912
1913
2,162
2,318
54.5
52.2
8
4
5
124 1,385
400
191 1,698
463
21
90
87
4
1911
1912
1,573
1,606
55.1
55.0
70
112
821
850
519
482
55
59
108
103
1912
1913
9 ,027
55.4
52.3
165
313 1,542
851
419
610
268
133
2,274
1911
1912
401
461
55.4
55.2
30
33
190
265
96
81
48
58
37
24
1912
1913
637
586
55.4
52.2
30
427
287
79
190
2
106
24
1911
1912
186
225
54.7
54.5
9
11
102
145
54
53
21
16
31 establishments................... 1912
1913
Pressers, all, male:3
64 establishments................... 1911
1912
274
251
55.1
52.5
9
171
138
53
84
10
28
15
2,160
2,292
55.1
55.0
109 1,113
156 1,260
669
616
124
133
145
127
1912
1913
2,938
3,111
55.4
52.3
204 1,276
408 2,140
551
884
12
402
172
87 establishments...................
Operators, all, female:2
55 ftstnhlish merits......... .........
76 establishments...................
Pressers, coat, male:
40 establishments...................
57 establish ments. - T__
Pressers, pants, male:
29 establishments...................
47 establishments...................
Pressers, vest, male:
20 establishments...................
102 establishments.................
5
5
1
78
17
PE R CENT.
Basters, coat, male:
30 establishments...................
1911
1912
1,112
1,036
55.3
55.2
54 establishments................... 1912
1913
1,409
1,472
55.7
52.5
Basters, coat, female:
36 establishments................... 1911
1912
603
668
55.2
55.1
50 establishments................... 1912
1913
839
924
55.5
52.4
Basters, pants, female:
11 establishments................... 1911
1912
152
166
55.0
54.8
20 establishments................... 1912
1913
183
127
54.8
52.7
13.6
0.1
6.4
3 .i
7.0
7.4
41.7
46.2
38.1
33.2
5.2
5.9
7.9
7.2
8.7
60.4
34.6
26.0
31.9
14.8
10.1
2.3
2.1
61.2
65.6
20.6
17.1
2.5
.4
13.4
14.8
3.2
75.4
52.0
18.1
22.5
6.4
15.9
4.6
3.0
63.2
68.1
18.4
17.5
13.8
11.4
2.7
70.1
67.8
26.8
14.8
14.8
1 This group is a com bination of the preceding male coat, pants, and vest operators.
2 This group is a com bination o f the preceding female coat, pants, and vest operators.
3 This group is a com bination o f the preceding male coat, pants, and vest pressers.
WAGES AND HOURS OF LABOR, 1911 TO 1913:— M E N ’ s CLOTHING.
41
I I I . —AVERAGE AND CLASSIFIED FULL-TIME HOURS PER W E E K
IN THE UNITED STATES, B Y YEARS, 1911 TO 1913— Continued.
T able
MEN’ S CLOTHING MANUFACTURING--Continued.
P E E C E N T -C o n tm u e d .
A ver
N um
age
full
ber
of
Occupation, sex, and num ber of Year.
em
time
establishments.
ploy- hours
per
week.
Basters, vest, female:
17 establishments..
26 establishments..
Basters, all, fem ale:1
50 establishments.
73 establishments.
Bushelers and tailors, male:
42 establishments.............
58 establishments.
Cutters, cloth, hand, male:
39 establishments...........
50 establishments..
Cutters, cloth, machine, male:
26 establishments.................
42 establishments..
Examiners, shop and stock
room , male:
31 establishments..................
51 establishments.
Fitters or trimmers, coat, male:
32 establishments..................
48 establishments..
Hand sewers; coat, male:
18 establishments........
35 establishments.,
Hand sewers, coat, female:
39 establishments...........
56 establishments.
Employees whose full-time hours per week w ere-
Under
48.
48
Over
51
48
and
and under
under
54.
51.
54
Over
57
54
and
and under
under
60.
57.
1911
1912
161
212
54.7
54.7
11.2
3.3
44.7
59.9
34.2
27.4
9.9
9.4
1912
1913
274
207
55.4
52.9
1.8
46.9
46.4
37.2
30.3
8.7
15.0
1911
1912
916
1,046
55.0
55.0
4.3
2.5
58.6
64.8
22.6
19.2
5.7
4.0
8.8
9.5
1912
1913
1,296
1,258
55.4
52.5
2.9
70.2
53.0
22.1
23.1
1.4
9.4
11.7
1911
1912
496
454
54.2
54.2
4.6
5.9
27.4
31.7
37.1
32.4
4.8
4.2
7.3
8.4
1912
1913
574
644
54.8
52.4
29.1
13.7
31.7
11.5
65.4
7.8
3.6
1911
1912
1,545
1,694
49.9
49.9
3.9
24.1
30.6
1.3
1912
1913
1,865
1,743
49.7
48.9
1.0
20.7
25.7
.9
1911
1912
101
90
1.0
5.0
23.3
1912
1913
147
166
1911
1912
0.1
0.2
6.2
18.8
17.2
6.4
.2
11.0
.7
69.1
66.9
.9
1.3
2.8
68.0
69.1
3.2
6.6
50.3
49.9
68.3
65.6
7.8
50.5
49.3
61.2
54.2
6.1
27.7
13.3
52.4
52.2
24.9
28.0
5.6
4.5
7.4
6.0
53.5
54.9
5.6
3.4
3.0
2.6
26.1
15.6
2.5
8.4
10.2
45.2
37.5
7.2
.5
4.5
12.9
11.6
21.1
11.2
1912
1913
403
418
53.1
51.8
1911
1912
140
131
54.5
54.4
6.4
6.1
59.3
70.2
32.1
21.4
2.1
2.3
1912
1913
194
180
55.1
52.1
9.3
59.4
47.9
20.6
27.8
6.7
8.2
1911
1912
221
190
55.8
56.0
11.6
31.7
25.8
37.6
37.4
7.2
5.8
16.7
19.5
1912
1913
305
145
56.2
52.2
19.7
15.9
35.4
21.0
14.1
70.3
1911
1912
2,668
2,427
54.5
54.5
3.6
5.9
60.7
59.4
27.7
24.8
3.8
4.5
4.3
5.2
1912
1913
2,888
2,779
55.2
52.1
7.3
68.8
49.6
13.8
24.4
11.4
7.0
1.0
1.2
.3
i This group is a combination of the preceding female coat, pants, and vest basters.
6.9
3.3
42
T
BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS.
able
I I I . — AVERAGE AND CLASSIFIED FULL-TIME HOURS PER WEEK
IN THE UNITED STATES, B Y YEARS, 1911 to 1913—Continued.
M EN’S CLOTHING MANUFACTURING— Continued.
P E R C E N T —Continued.
Occupation, sex, and num ber of Year
establishments.
H and sewers, pants, female:
25 establishments.............
LEm ployees whose full-time hours per week were—
A ver- r
N um
age
ber of full
Over
Over
time
51
em
U n
48
54
p loy hours der
and and
48
and and
54
60
ees.
per
under
under under
48.
week.
54.
51.
57.
1911
1912
656
819
54.9
54.5
0.4
1912
1913
937
830
54.7
52.0
.3
1911
1912
339
512
54.6
54.3
1912
1913
570
552
54.9
52.2
1911
1912
3,663
3,758
54.8
54.7
.3
1912
1913
4,395
4,161
55.1
52.1 ' 0*i*i
.3
.2
1911
1912
913
878
55.9
56.0
1912
1913
1,364
1,653
56.2
52.5
1911
1912
756
833
54.2
54.1
1912
1913
949
1,031
54.3
52.1
439
515
56.8
56.8
704
56.5
52.3 ......... !..........
752
54.8
54.6
1912
1913
890
54. t
52. J
1911
1912
109
140
55.2
54.7
1912
1913
226
224
56.3
52.8
1911
1912
312
366
1912
1913
1.1
6.3 ‘ 68.9
7.3 77.3
8.5
5.7
4.6
2.8
10.7
6.5
13.2
6.5
5.7
5.0
5.7
*ii.*3* 76.6
12.0
3.8
3.7
58.7
72.7
32.4
21.3
3.3
75.2
58.9
11.6
25.8
4.3
4.1
5.9
62.0
65.1
24.7
20.1
6.4
71.2
54.9
13.1
22.2
4.7
5.9
30.7
30.4
40.6
37.8
7.1
8.4
16.9
17.4
18.4
17.7
47.1
23.5
33.1
0.6
19.8
- 7 .........
7.1
7.4
76.7
80.2
13.6
9.6
.5
2.5
1.6
6.7
75.9
73.8
13.9
15.3
1.6
2.0
5.9
6.6
26.0
32.4
23.2
15.9
23.2
23.9
21.6
21.2
3.8
54.8
27.3
23.0
27.0
12.2
10.2
7.2
57.3
64.2
21.5
17.7
5.0
3.6
6.0
6.0
70.9
57.9
21.7
23.6
6.1
6.2
10.1
5.7
31.1
57.9
43.1
26.4
15.6
10.0
3.1
46.9
35.8
35.7
25.2
6.3
14.2
11.2
54.4
54.2
1.6
1.4
3.8
3.6
68.0
26.3
21.3
8.3
5.7
407
397
54.6
52.3
1.2
2.9
7 .i j 71.5
53.6
16.1
31.4
5.3
6.4
4.4
Operators, all, m a le :2
46 establishments...................! 1911
j 1912
1,461
1,533
56.1
56.1
1 5.5
6.1
29.3
33.6
35.6
29.4
12.6
13.8
17.0
17.1
87 establishments...................j 1912
' 1913
2,480
2,581
56.3
52.5
26.0 j 29.8 21.1
.7 I
30.6
16.1
35 establishm ents..
H and sewers, vest, female:
21 establishments...........
30 establishments..
H and sewers, all, fem ale:1
61 <
89 establishm ents..
Operators, coat, male:
31 establishments..
53 establishments.,
Operators, coat, female:
34 establishments___
44 establishments...
pants, male:
40 establishments...................; 1912
I 1913
Operators, pants, female:
S
26 establishments...................j 1911
i 1912
39 establishments..
Operators, vest, male:
16 establishments..
25 establishments..
Operators, vest, female:
17 establishments___
22 establishments.,
8.9
.2
i
!
*
.3
.6
•4
14.9
9.5
i
j
.1
21.7
.5
i .2
.1 i.........
i
i
7.3
!
i
!
J 19.6
7.1
49.2
6.3
4.0
3.8
6.6
1 This group is a com bination of the preceding female coat, pants, and vest hand sewers.
2 This group is a com bination of the preceding male coat, pants, and vest operators.
5.1
4.7
21.7
WAGES AND HOURS OF LABOR, 1911 TO 1913---- M E N 'S CLOTHING.
T
able
43
I I I . —AVERAGE AND CLASSIFIED FULL-TIME HOURS PER WEEK
IN THE UNITED STATES, B Y YEARS, 1911 to 1913— Concluded.
M EN’S CLOTHING MANUFACTURING— Continued.
P E R C E N T —Concluded.
A ver
N um age
full
ber
of
Occupation, sex, and num ber of Year.
em
tim e
ploy* hours
per
week.
Operators, all, fem ale:1
55 establishm ents..
76 establishm ents..
Pressers, coat, male:
40 establishm ents..
57 establishm ents..
Pressers, pants, male:
29 establishments..
47 establishm ents..
Pressers, vest, male:
20 establishm ents..
31 establishments..
Pressers, all, m a le:2
64 establishments..
102 establishments.
E mployees whose full-time hours per week were—
Over
51
48
and and
under under
54.
51.
U n
der
48.
1911
1912
1,667
1,951
54.5
54.3
0.1
1912
1913
2,162
2,318
54.5
52.2
‘ ‘ .'2
1911
1912
1,573
1,606
55.1
55.0
1912
1913
2,027
2,274
55.4
52.3
1911
1912
401
461
55.4
55.2
1912
1913
637
586
55.4
52.2
1911
1912
186
225
1912
1913
54
Over
57
54
and and
under under
57.
0.3
7.6
66.6
71.8
18.8
14.9
3.4
2.7
3.3
3.2
.2
8.2
5.7
73.3
64.1
17.3
21.4
4.2
40
4.5
7.0
52.2
52.9
33.0
30.0
3.5
3.7
6.9
6.4
8.1
67.8
42.0
18.4
30.1
13.2
6.6
7.5
7.2
47.4
57.5
23.9
17.6
12.0
12.6
9.2
5.2
4.7
72.9
45.1
13.5
16.6
3.8
54.7
54.5
4.8
4.9
54.8
64.4
29.0
23.6
11.3
7.1
274
251
55.1
52.5
50.4
21.1
30.7
4.0
10.2
5.5
68.1
1911
1912
2,160
2,292
55.1
55.0
5.0
6.8
51.5
55.0
31.0
5.7
5.8
6.7
5.5
1912
1913
2,938
3,111
55.4
52.3
43.4
17.7
30.1
.4
13.7
5.9
0.5
13.8
13.3
13.1
1 This group is a com bination of the preceding female coat, pants, and vest operators.
2 This group is a com bination of the preceding male coat, pants, and vest pressers.
44
T
BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS.
able
I V . —AVERAGE AND CLASSIFIED FULL-TIME HOURS PER W EEK
IN EACH YEAR, B Y CITIES, 1912 AND 1913.
MEN’ S CLOTHING MANUFACTURING— Continued.
RASTERS, COAT: Male.
[The figures for 1912 and 1913 are for identical establishments, hence all figures for 1913 are directly com
parable with those for 1912.]
Number o f employees whose full-time hours per
week were—
Year and city.
N um
ber of
estab
lish
ments.
1912.
Baltim ore.........................
B oston..........................
Chicago.......................
Cincinnati.....................
New Y o r k .................
Philadelphia - ..............
R ochester.........................
T otal......................
1913.
Baltim ore.....................
B oston..........................
Chicago.....................
Cincinnati................................
N ew
................
Y ork
Philadelphia..........
R ochester..............
Total..........................
N um A vber
IS P
of
em time U n
hours
p loy per
der
ees. week. 48.
Over
48
and
un
der
51.
48
195
42
301
7
598
180
86
58.8
53.4
54.0
53.8
56.3
54.3
54.5
54 1,409
55.7
217
38
266
18
573
254
106
53.8
50.0
52.0
50.6
52.1
53.5
52.0
13
149
54 1,472
52.5
200
3
4
5
6
26
7
3
3
4
5
6
26
7
3
51
and
un
der
54.
17
1
104
Over
54
and
un
der
57.
54
12
301
6
57
and
un
der
60.
60
143
52
13
286
54
44
208
126
42
122
487
449
208
47
170
143
38
266
5
418
47
106
6
207
-------- -
889
383
5
8
342
41
B A S T E R S , C O A T : F e m a le .
1912.
B altim ore.......................................
B oston.............................................
Chicago......................
Cincinnati.......................................
New Y o r k ......................................
Philadelphia..................................
R ochester.......................................
3
4
5
7
21
7
3
218
21
342
51
104
50
53
58.2
54.0
54.0
53.8
57.0
54.4
54.8
839 55.5
50
Total.....................................
1913.
243 53.0
3
B altim ore.......................................
8 50.0
B oston.............................................
4
333 52.0
Chicago...........................................
5
55 50.9
Cincinnati.......................................
7
100 52.3
New Y o r k .......................................
21
94 53.9
Philadel phia.............................
7
Rochester.......................................
3
91 52.0
T otal.....................................
50
924
52.4
10
12
85
8
"*32
13
38
18
40
54
27
436
189
54
167
76
8
1
1
28
23
59
133
333
26
76
4
91
697
V
1
90
167
BASTERS, PANTS: Female.
1912.
Baltim ore................. .
B oston.............................................
Chicago. . . . . . __ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
N ew Y ork
. . . . ........... .
Philadelphia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2
2
3
9
4
17
5
107
40
14
55.0
54.0
54.0
56.9
54.3
T otal.....................................
20
183
54.8
1913.
B altim ore.......................................
B oston.............................................
Chicago .........................................
New Y ork
..........................
Philadelphia..................................
2
2
3
9
4
5
4
50
51
17
53.4
50.0
52.0
53.1
53.6
T otal.....................................
20
127
52.7
17
5
5
107
8
2
27
12
5
124
27
27
3
2
50
34
2
17
15
89
34
4
4
133
WAGES AND HOURS OF LABOR, 1911 TO 1913---- M E N 'S CLOTHING.
T able
45
I V . —AVERAGE AND CLASSIFIED FULL-TIME HOURS PER WEEK
IN EACH YEAR, B Y CITIES, 1912 AND 1913— Continued.
MEN’ S CLOTHING MANUFACTURING— Continued.
BASTERS, VEST: Female.
Number of employees whose full-time hours per
week were—
um
N um Nber
ber of
of
estab
em
lish
ploy
ments. ees.
Year and c it y .
A v
erage
full
time
hours U n
per
der
week. 48.
1913.
Baltim ore......................................
Chicago............................................
New Y ork .......................................
Philadelphia..................................
2
3
16
5
28
118
99
29
58.2
54.0
56.6
54.6
T otal....................................
26
274
55.4
48
Over
48
and
un
der
51.
26
207
Over
54
and
un
der
57.
57
and
un
der
60.
41
12
10
3
53
17
127
83
41
18
6
54
115
5
5
1913.
24 54.3
Baltim ore.......................................
2
Chicago............................................
3
64 52.0
N aw Y o r k ._______r_____________
16
90 53.1
5
Philadelphia..................................
29 53.5
T otal.....................................
51
and
un
der
54.
9
6
52.9
15
64
33
48
11
12
97
77
18
5
13
564
41
60
18
18
BASTERS, ALL: Female.!
1913.
Baltim ore.......................................
3
4
B o sto n ............................................
6
Chicago............................................
Cincinnati.......................................
7
New Y ork ............................
..........
37
Philadelphia..................................
13
R och ester......................................
3
Total.............................
1913.
Baltim ore........................ ..............
B o s to n ............................................
Chicago............................................
Cincinnati......................................
New Y ork .......................................
..............Philadelphia
...................
Rochester.......................................
T otal.....................................
263
26
567
51
243
93
53
58.0
54.0
54.0
53.8
56.8
54.4
54.8
73 1,296
55.4
272
12
447
55
241
140
91
53.1
50.0
52.0
50.9
52.8
53.8
52.0
1
73 1,258
52.5
1
3
4
6
7
37
13
3
10
22
112
8
3
151
99
37
40
122
56
13
37
687
299
122
151
170
96
6
28
32
6
447
26
143
6
91
66
116
12
78
883
278
18
3
98
28
1
31
6
24
21
4
29
2
137
14
7
65
1
22
182
66
45
12
BUSHELERS AND TAILORS: Male.
1912.
Baltim ore.......................................
Chicago............................................
Cincinnati.......................................
New Y ork.......................................
Philadelphia..................................
Rochester........ ...............................
3
5
8
32
7
3
51
136
33
271
70
13
57.3
52.9
53.7
55.1
56.1
54.5
T otal.....................................
58
574
54.8
57
1
56
167
1913.
Baltimore.......................................
Chicago...........................................
Cincinnati.......................................
N ew Y ork .......................................
Philadelphia..................................
Rochester...................................
3
5
8
32
7
3
73
144
28
315
74
10
53.5
51.4
51.5
51.9
55.4
52.0
1
5
65
27
122
22
229
11
10
45
22
1
18
3
40
23
Total.....................................
58
644
52.4
41
421
88
23
1
17
1
39
71
5This group is a combination of the preceding female coat, pants, and vest basters.
23
46
T
BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS.
able
I V . — AVERAGE AND CLASSIFIED FULL-TIME HOURS PER W E E K
IN EACH YEAR, B Y CITIES, 1912 AND 1913— Continued.
MEN’ S CLOTHING MANUFACTURING— Continued.
CUTTERS, CLOTH, HAND: Male.
Number of employees whose full time hours per
week were—
N um
ber of
estab
lish
ments.
Year and city.
19 12 .
B altim ore.......................................
B oston.............................................
Chicago...........................................
Cincinnati......................................
N ew Y o rk ................ - ................
Philadelphia..................................
Rochester............... ........... ...........
T otal........... ........................
19 13 .
Baltimore .....................................
B oston.............................................
Chicago
..
..........................
Cincinnati.......................................
New Y ork .......................................
Philadelphia..................................
Rochester.......................................
T otal.....................................
N um
ber
of
em
ploy
ees.
Av
erage
full
time
hours U n
der
per
week. 48.
113
53
551
131
615
136
266
52.4
48.9
48.0
50.2
48.4
52.0
54.0
50 1,865
49.7
114
55
536
149
535
127
227
49.2
45.1
48.0
49.4
48.3
50.4
52.0
50 1,743
48.9
3
4
5
7
23
5
3
3
4
5
7
23
5
3
48
Over
48
and
un
der
51.
51
and
un
der
54.
45
24
16
551
82
573
46
6
46
68
7
48 1,204
60
68
7
13
14
90
266
60
’ *536*
95
480
47
57
and
un
der
60.
49
15
24 1,268
48
54
Over
54
and
un
der
57.
19
480
14
i
54
40
15
80
227
115
361
15
CUTTERS, CLOTH, M ACHINE: Male.
1912.
Baltim ore.......................................
Chicago...........................................
Cincinnati......................................
N ew Y ork . . .
..........................
Philadelphia..................................
Rochester .....................................
3
5
7
22
3
2
T otal.....................................
42
1913.
16
44
15
62
7
3
53.5
48.0
50.8
50.9
54.0
54.0
2
44
8
38
Baltimore .....................................
Chicago
....................................
Cincinnati - ...................- ............
New York .....................................
Philadelphia..................................
Rochester . . . ............................
24
43
19
62
12
6
T o t a l ...................................
42
166
7
7
I|
17
7
3
!
147 j 50.5
3
5
7
22
3
2
14
90
9
49.7 ......... '
48.0
50.1
49.0
52.9
52.0
4
43
9
34
20
49.3
90
31
17
10
26
6
6
46
22
2
6
8
EXAM INERS, SHOP AND STOCK ROOM: Male.
Baltimore
Boston
Cincinnati
N ew Y ork
Philadelphia
Rochester
Total
1912.
..............
*
.....
.............
. . .
- - - .....
58
13
113
23
132
44
20
.................................
51
403 | 53.1
...............
1 913.
Baltimore ..
........................
Boston
.....................................
Chicago
......................
Cincinnati
.
...........
N ew Y ork
........................
Philadelphia
......................
Rochester
Total
59.1
S 49.6
I! 52.9
I 51.4
|
I 50.8
54.2
| 54.2
3
4
5
7
23
5
4
.
............................
3
4
5
23
5
4
82
12
128
25
111
42
18
51
418 j
53.8
50.3
51.2
50.5
50.6
53.9
52.0
I51.8;i
4
4
5
18
8
74
105
5
5
10
10
1
9
6
21
4
41
15
17
65
35
13
1
12
37
17
3
151
29
2
13
67
4
104
8
45
1
18
io
41
189
122
3
24
2
39
2
86
9
2
45
15
3
18
45
WAGES AND HOURS OF LABOR, 1911 TO 1913---- M E N 'S CLOTHING.
T
able
47
I V . — AVERAGE AND CLASSIFIED FULL-TIME HOURS PER W EEK
IN EACH YEAR, B Y CITIES, 1912 AND 1913— Continued.
MEN’ S CLOTHING MANUFACTURING— Continued.
FITTERS OR TRIMM ERS, COAT: Male.
Year and city.
19 13 .
Number of
A vN um
ber
ber of
of
time
estab em
Un
lish
hours der
48
ploy
per
ments. ees.
48.
week.
S 6
Baltim ore.......................................
B oston.............................................
Chicago............................................
Cincinnati.......................................
New Y ork .......................................
Philadelphia..................................
Rochester.......................................
3
4
5
9
18
6
3
30
10
52
19
45
19
19
57.8
53.0
54.0
53.6
56.2
54.3
54.5
Total.....................................
48
194
55.1
Baltimore.......................................
B oston.............................................
Chicago...........................................
Cincinnati.......................................
N ew Y ork .......................................
Philadelphia..................................
Rochester.......................................
3
4
5
9
18
6
3
25
8
46
15
41
26
19
53.6
50.0
52.0
50.7
51.6
53.5
52.0
Total.....................................
48
180
52.1
1913.
employees whose full-time hours per
week were—
Over
48
and
un
der
51.
51
and
un
der
54.
4
6
8
54
5
52
13
Over
54
and
un
der
57.
57
and
un
der
60.
14
1
60
16
24
6
9
13
13
10
18
93
54
13
10
15
16
8
10
18
36
46
5
23
4
19
107
22
37
HAND SEWERS, COAT: Male.
1913•
Baltim ore.......................................
Chicago...........................................
N ew Y ork.......................................
Philadelphia..................................
Rochester
.......................................
3
5
19
5
3
69
36
152
13
35
58.4
54.0
56.3
54.3
54.6
30
Total.....................................
35
305
56.2
30
4
3
Baltim ore......................................
56
5
Chicago...........................................
N ew Y ork .......................................
19
58
5
7
Philadelphia..................................
20
Rochester.......................................
3
54.0
52.0
52.2
54.0
52.0
20
56
26
52.2
20
102
1913.
T otal.....................................
35
145
26
43
36
64
9
15
58
4
20
60
108
64
43
4
12
7
20
23
HAND SEWERS, COAT: Female.
1913.
B altim ore.......................................
B oston .............................................
Chicago............................................
Cincinnati.......................................
New Y ork .......................................
Philadelphia...................................
Rochester.......................................
303
3
4
47
5 1,017
9
216
25
821
246
7
238
3
58.2
52.9
54.0
53.4
56.6
54.3
54.6
8
T otal.....................................
56 2,888
55.2
8
255
98
845
210
852
245
274
53.6
50.0
52.0
50.5
52.0
53.1
52.0
3
56 2,779
52.1
3
1913.
Baltimore.......................................
B oston.............................................
Chicago............................................
Cincinnati.......................................
N ew Y ork .......................................
Philadelphia..................................
Rochester........................................
T otal.....................................
3
4
5
9
25
7
3
25
20
328
210 1,433
706
328
84
7
131
246
203
408
86
134
171
98
7
75
3
24
1,017
80
128
85
160
104
845
69
597
42
274
475 1,911
9
203
383
203
48
T
BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS.
able
IV
___ AVERAGE AND CLASSIFIED FULL-TIME HOURS PER W EEK
IN EACH YEAR, B Y CITIES, 1912 AND 1913—Continued.
MEN’ S CLOTHING MANUFACTURING— Continued.
HAND SEWERS, PANTS! Female.
Number of employees whose full-time hours per
week were—
Year and city.
1912.
Baltim ore.......................................
B oston............................................
Chicago............................................
Cincinnati.......................................
N ew Y o rk ......................................
Philadelphia..................................
Rochester.......................................
Total.....................................
1913.
B altim ore.......................................
B o sto n ............................................
Chicago............................................
Cincinnati.......................................
N ew Y ork .......................................
..................................
Philadelphia
R ochester.......................................
T otal.....................................
N um
ber of
estab
lish
ments.
N um A v ber
of
em time
U n
ploy hours
per
der
ees. week. 48.
3*
Over
48
and
un
der
51.
48
3
3
5
5
11
5
3
106
27
506
29
117
67
85
57.5
54.0
54.0
53.9
56.4
54.2
54.3
3
35
S37
54.7
3
3
3
5
5
11
5
3
39
32
461
31
117
54
96
53.4
50.0
52.0
50.5
52.1
53.5
52.0
35
830
52.0
51
and
un
der
54.
54
Over
54
and
un
der
57.
57
and
un
der
60.
53
12
41
27
506
13
60
53
4
15
8
44
61
“ ‘ 59*
38
53
643
124
61
23
16
53
32
19
43
461
12
34
10
96
94
636
40
44
100
HAND SEW EES, VEST: Female.
1912.
B altim ore. . . ................................
Chicago............................................
Cincinnati.......................................
N ew Y o r k .......................................
Philadelphia ...............................
R ochester.......................................
Total ...................................
1913.
B altim ore......................................
Chicago
...........
Cincinnati
.............................
N ew Y ork
.................................
Philadelphia
........
R ochester. . . .
__
Total
...................... .
2
3
4
13
5
3
44
295
23
97
23
88
59.1
54.0
54.0
56.4
54.7
54.4
3
16
30
570
54.9
19
2
3
4
13
5
3
44
291
19
91
25
82
54.3
52.0
50.6
52.0
54.1
52.0
16
31
2
30
552
52.2
49
276
20
8
19
36
49
17
54
32
6
34
336
147
32
32
12
3
18
11
12
64
24
136
3
19
4
472
111
232
977
36
291
42
82
415
HAND SEWERS, ALL: Female.1
1912.
B a ltim o r e ... . . . .
__
B oston . . .
..............................
Chicago
....
Cincinnati . . . . . .
.............
N ew Y ork
Philadelphia
Rochester . . . . . .
___
25
20
3
453
4
74
6 1,818
268
18
39 1,035
14
336
411
5
58.1
53.3
54.0
53.5
56.6
54.4
54.5
8
3
51
1,799
95
161
142
225
176
...............................
1913.
B altim ore.......................................
B oston. .
Chicago
Cincinnati
N ew Y ork
Philadelphia
R ochester. . .
89 4,395
55.1
11
282 2,412
338
130
1,597
260
1.060
324
452
53.7
50.0
52.0
50.5
52.0
53.3
52.0
3
T o t a l ...................................
89 4,161
52.1
3
Total
3
4
6
18
39
14
5
107
219
12
1,597
81
673
52
452
3
67
258
12
618 2,962
547
24
292
421
421
130
7
7
166
320
2
1This group is a com bination of the preceding female coat, pants, and vest hand sewers.
292
49
WAGES AND HOURS OF LABOR, 1911 TO 1913— M E N 'S CLOTHING.
T able
I V . —AVERAGE AND CLASSIFIED FULL-TIME HOURS PER W EEK
IN EACH YEAR, B Y CITIES, 1912 AND 1913— Continued.
MEN’ S CLOTHING MANUFACTURING— Continued.
OPERATORS, COAT: Male.
Number of employees whose full-time hours per
week were—
Year and city.
1912.
Baltim ore. . ...................................
B oston.............................................
C h ica g o..........................................
Cincinnati.......................................
New Y ork .......................................
Philadelphia..................................
R och ester......................................
T otal.....................................
1913.
Baltim ore.......................................
B oston............................................
Chicago...........................................
Cincinnati.......................................
N ew Y ork .......................................
..................................
Philadelphia
Rochester.......................................
T otal.....................................
N um
ber of
estab
lish
ments.
3
4
5
5
26
7
3
N um
ber
of
em
ploy
ees.
A v
erage
fufltime
hours Un
per
der
week. 48.
289
90
160
16
614
139
56
59.2
53.2
54.0
53.8
56.5
54.4
54.6
53 1,364
56.2
3
4
5
5
26
7
3
436
53
225
20
647
186
86
53.9
50.0
52.0
50.9
51.7
53.6
52.0
53 1,653
52.5
48
Over
48
and
un
der
51.
51
and
un
der
54.
30
54
50
160
13
Over
54
and
un
der
57.
57
and
un
der
60.
48
10
241
" ’ 77*
21
1
261
62
35
251
134
321
417
251
53
383
2
102
60
241
53
11
263
225
9
376
30
86
327
779
8
156
547
OPERATORS, COAT: Female.
1913.
3
113
B altim ore.......................................
3
16
B o sto n ............................................
514
5
Chicago............................................
9
135
Cincinnati.......................................
41
15
New Y ork .......................................
67
6
Philadelphia..................................
63
3
Rochester
.......................................
56.2
54.0
54.0
53.3
56.0
54.1
54.6
6
949
54.3
6
152
9
527
138
57
74
74
53.2
50.0
52.0
50.6
52.5
53.7
52.0
3
44 1,031
52.1
3
44
T otal.....................................
1913.
3
Baltim ore.......................................
3
Boston.............................................
5
Chicago............................................
Cincinnati.......................................
9
15
N ew Y ork .......................................
..................................
6
Philadelphia
Rochester.......................................
3
T otal.....................................
94
49
15
19
16
514
80
11
5
35
15
62
28
64
700
145
15
86
66
19
9
4
80
9
4
98
527
51
38
7
74
10
67
783
143
34
41
137
20
40
5
174
29
3
240
34
243
264
240
OPERATORS, PANTS: Male.
1913.
Baltim ore.......................................
Boston.............................................
Chicago............................................
N ew Y ork .......................................
Philadelphia...................................
Rochester.......................................
3
3
5
21
5
3
167
41
137
468
69
8
58.4
54.0
54.0
57.0
54.9
54.4
T otal.....................................
1913.
Baltim ore.......................................
B oston............................................
Chicago............................................
New Y ork .......................................
Philadelphia..................................
R ochester.......................................
40
890
56.5
3
3
5
21
5
3
39
32
115
440
72
6
53.4
50.0
52.0
52.3
53.3
52.0
T otal.....................................
40
704
52.3
67479°—Bull. 161—15------4
58
22
17
115
222
21
6
94
51
3
386
162
3
109
109
32
121
153
.
50
T
BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS.
able
I V . —AVERAGE AND CLASSIFIED FULL-TIME HOURS PER WEEK
IN EACH YEAR, B Y CITIES, 1912 AND 1913— Continued.
MEN’ S CLOTHING MANUFACTURING— Continued.
OPERATORS, PANTS: Female.
Num ber o f employees whose full-time hours per
week were—
N um N um
ber of ber of
estab em
lish ploy
ments. ees.
Year and city.
A v e r
age
full
time
hours U n
der 1 48
per
week. 48. |
Over
48
and
un
der
51.
51
and
un
der
54.
Over
54
and
un
der
57.
54
57
and
un
der
60.
60
!
i
1912.
B altim ore.......................................
B oston.............................................
Chicago............................................
Cincinnati.......................................
New Y ork .......................................
Philadelphia..................................
R ochester.......................................
3
2
5
6
15
5
3
117
7
374
67
97
45
99
57.1
54.0
54.0
53.5
56.6
54.1
54.7
!
1
T otal.....................................
39
806
54.8 ......... 1
2
1913.
Baltim ore.......................................
B oston.............................................
Chicago............................................
Cincinnati.......................................
N ew Y ork................................. .....
Philadelphia..................................
R ochester.......................................
3
2
5
6
15
5
3
115
9
432
69
98
75
92
53.8
50.0
52.0
50.5
52.9
53.6
52.0
1
Total.....................................
39
890
52.3
1
50
67
1
28
-20
7
374
20
44
22
18
28
1
76
48
467
190
28
87
43
13
432
25
43
11
92
42
64
65
631
193
49
I
i
49
50
9
1
..........i..........
!
O P E R A T O R S , V E S T : M a le .
1912.
B altim ore.......................................
Chicago............................................
N ew Y ork .......................................
Philadelphia
..........................
2
3
15
5
54
76
68
28
59.5
54.0
56.6
55.2
7
T otal.....................................
25
226
56.3
7
1913.
Baltim ore.......................................
Chicago .........................................
N ew York.......................................
......................
Philadelphia
2
3
15
5
46
75
73
30
54.0
52.0
52.4
53.5
i9
6
Total.....................................
25
224
52.8
25
6
5
1
35
16
26
6
81
57
32
44
2
24
12
12
80
14
75
75
30
105
49
49
OPERATORS, VEST: Female.
1912.
...............
......................
......................
. . .
......................
2
3
4
10
3
47
195
28
54
83
56.9
54.0
53.2
56.0
54.5
5
..........................
22
407
54.6
5
2
3
4
10
3
51
204
28
39
75
54.4
52.0
49.9
53.8
52.0
28
22
397
52.3
28
Baltimore
Chicago
Cincinnati
N ew Y ork
Rochester
Total
2
10
12
1913.
Baltimore
Chicago
Cincinnati
N ew Y ork
Rochester
Total
......................
...........
175
21
29
20
18
18
61
26
22
218
128
26
30
21
204
5
75
34
284
64
21
18
WAGES AND HOURS OF LABOR, 1911 TO 1913---- M E N 'S CLOTHING.
T able
51
AVERAGE AND CLASSIFIED FULL-TIME HOURS PER W EEK
IN EACH YEAR, B Y CITIES, 1912 AND 1913— Continued.
I V .—
MEN’ S CLOTHING MANUFACTURING—Continued.
OPERATORS, ALL: Male.*
Num ber of employees whose full-time hours per
week were—
Year and city.
Num
ber of
estab
lish
ments.
A ver
N um age
ber of full
em time
ploy hours Un
der
per
ees.
week. 48.
Over
48
and
un
der
51.
48
51
and
un
der
54.
54
Over
54
and
un
der
57.
57
and
un
der
60.
60
1912.
Rochester.......................................
3
510
4
131
6
373
5
16
51 1,150
236
14
4
64
59.0
53.5
54.0
53.8
56.7
54.7
54.6
87 2,480
56.3
2
143
91
372
13
20
123
26
I ll
10
1
1
470
107
38
175
645
738
75
444
2
126
219
3
12
789
17
30
399
517
6
523
399
1913.
521 53.9
3
B altim ore.......................................
85 50.0
4
B oston.............................................
415 52.0
6
Chicago.
.....................................
20 50.9
5
Cincinnati.......................................
51 1,160 52.0
New Y ork .......................................
14
288 53.5
Philadelphia...................................
4
92 52.0
Rochester.......................................
T otal.....................................
87 2,581
85
11
403
6
52.5
415
9
628
51
92
505 1,270
OPERATORS, ALL: Female.?
1912.
Baltim ore.......................................
B oston ............................................
Chicago .......................................
Cincinnati.......................................
N ew Y o r k .....................................
Philadelphia.. ____ - - ______
Rochester.......................................
3
277
3
23
6 1,083
19
230
32
192
8
112
5
245
56.7
54.0
54.0
53.3
56.3
54.1
54.6
7
T otal.....................................
76 2,162
54.5
8
3
318
Baltim ore.......................................
3
Boston............................................
18
6 1,163
Chicago............................................
19
235
Cincinnati.......................................
32
194
N ew Y ork.......................................
149
Philadelphia...................................
8
5
241
Rochester.......................................
53.6
50.0
52.0
50.5
52.9
53.6
52.0
4
76 2,318
52.2
4
190
5
1
5
20
18
57
6
172
90
124 1,385
463
90
1913.
Total.....................................
114
183
21
18
4
4
1,163
151
76
86
22
18
241
191 1,698
86
131
400
21
1 This group is a com bination of the preceding male coat, pants, and vest operators.
2 This group is a com bination of the preceding female coat, pants, and vest operators.
87
23
1,063
79
121
45
106
72
87
52
T
BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS.
able
I V . —AVERAGE AND CLASSIFIED FULL-TIME HOURS PER W EEK
IN EACH YEAR, B Y CITIES, 1912 AND 1913— Continued.
MEN’ S CLOTHING MANUFACTURING— Continued.
PRESSERS, COAT: Male.
Num ber o f employees whose full-time hours per
week were—
2
Year and city.
1912.
Baltimore.......................... ...........
B oston.............................................
Chicago...........................................
Cincinnati.......................................
N ew Y o r k . . . ................................
Philadelphia..................................
Rochester.......................................
T otal.....................................
1913.
B altimore.......................................
B oston.............................................
C h ica g o .........................................
Cincinnati.......................................
N ew Y ork .......................................
Philadelphia..................................
R ochester......................................
T otal.....................................
N um
ber of
estab
lish
ments.
A v e r
N um age
ber of full
em time
p loy hours U n
der
ees.
per
week. 48.
48
Over
48
and
un
der
51.
51
and
un
der
54.
Over
54
and
un
der
57.
54
57
and
un
der
60.
122
12
255
37
596
96
716
155
172
57.9
53.5
54.0
53.7
56.4
54.3
54.7
27
124
57 2,027
55.4
3
4
5
9
26
7
3
309
48
636
91
758
247
185
53.5
50.0
52.0
50.9
52.1
53.6
52.0
50
215
57 2,274
52.3
313 1.542
7
419
7
106
11
34
106
190
106
3
4
5
9
26
7
3
14
11
596
69
60
133
324
40
112
268
115
60
165
851
610
268
116
193
636
41
529
35
185
14
212
133
48
PRESSERS, PANTS: Male.
1912.
Baltimore.......................................
B oston.............................................
C h ica go..........................................
Cincinnati.......................................
N ew Y ork .......................................
Philadelphia..................................
Rochester.......................................
32
3
3
5
6
22
5
3
56
21
193
30
237
45
55
57.4
54.0
54.0
53.6
56.8
54.5
54.6
13
17
21
193
10
8
34
21
Total.....................................
1913.
Baltimore.......................................
B oston.............................................
Chicago...........................................
Cincinnati.......................................
N ew
.......................................
Y ork
Philadelphia..................................
Rochester........................................
47
637
55.4
30
287
3
3
5
6
22
5
3
29
18
207
32
193
46
61
53.3
50.0
52.0
50.7
52.5
53.3
52.0
26
3
17
43
207
15
106
12
61
42
34
2
T otal.....................................
47
586
52.2
78
427
79
2
24
24
18
PRESSERS, VEST: Male.
1912.
Baltimore.......................................
Chicago...........................................
Cincinnati.......................................
New Y ork ................ .....................
Philadelphia..................................
R ochester......................................
2
3
2
16
5
3
25
129
5
70
13
32
Total.....................................
31
274
55.1
1913.
B altim ore......................................
Chicago...........................................
Cincinnati.......................................
N ew Y o r k .....................................
Philadelphia..................................
R ochester.......................................
2
3
2
16
5
3
23
113
5
58
16
36
54.2
52.0
50.0
52.9
53.5
52.0
T otal.....................................
31
. 251
52.5
58.0
54.0
54.0
56.3
55.2
54.4
121
5
3
9
36
7
23
25
3
138
84
28
18
5
27
8
5
53
10
9
9
113
5
9
3
22
**’ 36'
17
171
15
10
8
15
WAGES AND HOURS OF LABOR, 1911 TO 1913— M E N 'S CLOTHING.
T
able
53
I V . —AVERAGE AND CLASSIFIED FULL-TIME HOURS PER WEEK
IN EACH YEAR, B Y CITIES, 1911 AND 1913— Concluded.
MEN’ S CLOTHING MANUFACTURING—Continued.
P R E S S E R S , A L L : Male.*
Num ber of employees whose full-time hours per
week were—
Year and city.
N um
ber of
estab
lish
ments.
N um A v
erage
ber
full
of
em time Un
hours
ploy per
der
ees. week. 48.
48
Over
48
and
un
der
51.
1912.
Baltimore.......................................
B o sto n ............................................
C h ica go.......................................
Cincinnati.......................................
New Y ork .......................................
336 57.8
3
4
58 53.7
6
918 54.0
17
131 53.7
53 1,023 56.5
14
213 54.4
Philadelphia..................................
5
259 54.6
Rochester.......................................
Total.....................................
3
361
4
66
6
956
17
128
53 1,009
14
309
282
5
53.5
50.0
52.0
50.8
52.2
53.6
52.0
Total.....................................
102 3,111
52.3
Over
54
and
un
der
57.
32
910
84
8
152
90
164
12
8
7
466
58
169
204 1,276
884
14
40
150
102 2,938' 55.4
1913.
Baltimore.......................................
B o s t o n ...........................................
Chicago...........................................
Cincinnati.......................... ...........
N ew Y ork.......................................
Philadelphia..................................
Rochester.......................................
54
51
and
un
der
54.
142
214
5
956
56
657
47
282
83
254
2
5
408 2,140
551
12
66
72
267
3
i This group is a combination of the preceding male coat, pants, and vest pressers.
57
and
un
der
60.
60
172
399
3
402
172
54
BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS.
T able V . —AVERAGE FULL-TIME HOURS PER W EEK AND AVERAGE
FULL-TIME W E E K LY EARNINGS, B Y CITIES, 1912 AND 1913.
MEN’ S CLOTHING MANUFACTURING^Continued.
BASTERS, COAT: Male.
1913
1913
Number
of estab
lish
ments.
Number
of em
ployees.
Baltimore.......................................
B oston.............................................
Chicago...........................................
Cincinnati.......................................
N ew Y ork .......................................
Philadelphia..................................
Rochester.......................................
3
4
5
6
26
7
3
195
42
301
7
598
180
86
58.8
53.4
54.0
53.8
56.3
54.3
54.5
$10.89
12.40
13.45
16.10
11.89
9.90
13.15
217
38
266
18
573
254
106
53.8
50.0
52.0
50.6
52.1
53.5
52.0
$11.75
14.00
15.77
11.36
13.60
11.28
13.61
T otal.....................................
54
1,409
55.7
11.94
1,472
52.5
13.30
City.
Average Average Number
full-time full-time
of em
hours per weekly
week.
earnings. ployees.
Average Average
full-time full-time
hours per weekly
week.
earnings.
BASTERS, COAT: Female.
Baltimore.......................................
B oston.............................................
Chicago...........................................
Cincinnati.......................................
N ew Y ork .......................................
Philadelphia..................................
Rochester.......................................
3
4
5
7
21
7
3
218
21
342
51
104
50
53
58.2
54.0
54.0
53.8
57.0
54.4
54.8
$7.89
C.87
10.78
8.17
7.43
7.51
10.51
243
8
333
55
100
94
91
53.0
50.0
52.0
50.9
52.3
53.9
52.0
$7.15
8.03
11.72
9.09
8.14
8.84
11.64
Total.....................................
50
839
55.5
9.15
924
52.4
9.64
BASTERS, PANTS: Female.
Baltimore.......................................
B oston.............................................
Chicago..........................................
New Y ork .......................................
Philadelphia..................................
2
2
3
9
4
17
5
107
40
14
55.0
54.0
54.0
56.9
54.3
$6.42
10.18
10.15
8.96
5.56
5
4
50
51
17
53.4
50.0
52.0
53.1
53.6
$8.73
10.68
8.84
8.97
7.31
Total.....................................
20
183
54.8
9.20
127
52.7
8.74
BASTERS, VEST: Female.
Baltimore.......................................
Chicago............................................
New Y ork .......................................
Philadelphia..................................
2
3
16
5
28
118
99
29
58.2
54.0
56.6
54.6
$6.35
11.97
9.07
10.25
24
64
90
29
54.3
52.0
53.1
53.5
$7.64
12.41
10.27
11.27
Total.....................................
26
274
55.4
10.17
207
52.9
10.-76
BASTERS, ALL: Female.*
Baltimore......................................
B oston.............................................
Chicago...........................................
Cincinnati.......................................
N ew Y ork .......................................
Philadelphia..................................
Rochester.......................................
3
4
6
7
37
13
3
263
26
567
51
243
93
53
58.0
54.0
54.0
53.8
56.8
54.4
54.8
$7.63
7.50
10.91
8.17
8.35
8.07
10.51
272
12
447
55
241
140
91
53.1
50.0
52.0
50.9
52.8
53.8
52.0
$7.22
8.91
11.49
9.09
9.11
9.16
11.64
Total.....................................
73
1,296
55.4
9.37
1,258
52.5
9.73
i This group is a combination of the preceding female coat, pants, and vest basters.
WAGES AND HOURS OF LABOR, 1911 TO 1913— M E N ’ S CLOTHING.
T
55
V . —AVERAGE FULL-TIME HOURS PER W EEK AND AVERAGE
FULL-TIME W E E K LY EARNINGS, B Y CITIES, 1912 AND 1913— Contd.
able
MEN’ S CLOTHING MANUFACTURING— Continued.
BUSHELERS AND TAILORS: Male.
Number
of estab
lish
ments.
City.
1912
1913
Number Average Average
full-time full-time
of em
per weekly
ployees. hours
week.
earnings.
Average Average
Num ber full-time
full-time
of em
hours
per weekly
ployees.
week.
earnings.
Baltim ore.......................................
Chicago............................................
Cincinnati.......................................
N ew Y ork .......................................
Philadelphia..................................
R ochester........................................
3
5
8
32
7
3
51
136
33
271
70
13
57.3
52.9
53.7
55.1
56.1
54.5
$11.85
13.51
12.09
13.78
12.03
15.69
73
144
28
315
74
10
53.5
51.4
51.5
51.9
55.4
52.0
$13.58
14.08
13.95
14.38
12.46
15.90
T otal.....................................
58
574
54.8
13.28
644
52.4
11.01
CUTTERS, CLOTH, HAND: Male.
Cincinnati.......................................
N ew Y ork.......................................
Philadelphia..................................
Rochester........................................
3
4
5
7
23
5
3
113
53
551
131
615
136
266
52.4
48.9
48.0
50.2
48.4
52.0
54.0
$17.62
28.08
20.48
19.67
21.04
19.84
17.51
114
55
536
149
535
127
227
49.2
45.1
48.0
49.4
48.3
50.4
52.0
$18.40
25.01
21.95
20.86
21.74
21.06
19.08
Total.....................................
50
1,865
49.7
20.18
1,743
48.9
21.22
Baltimore........................................
B oston.............................................
CUTTERS, CLOTH, M ACHINE: Male.
Baltim ore.......................................
Chicago...........................................
Cincinnati.......................................
New Y ork.......................................
Philadelphia..................................
Rochester.......................................
3
5
7
22
3
2
16
44
15
62
7
3
53.5
48.0
50.8
50.9
54.0
54.0
$15.59
25.12
21.00
21.31
22.14
20./33
24
43
19
62
12
6
49.7
48.0
50.1
49.0
52.9
52.0
$17.82
26.43
20.90
21.99
20.54
18.67
T otal.....................................
42
147
50.5
21.82
166
49.3
22.19
EXAMINERS, SHOP AND STOCK ROOM : Male.
Baltimore.......................................
B oston.............................................
Chicago...........................................
Cincinnati.......................................
N ew M exico...................................
Philadelphia..................................
Rochester.......................................
3
4
5
7
23
5
4
58
13
113
23
132
44
20
59.1
49.6
52.9
51.4
50.8
54.2
54.2
$13.81
17.90
15.86
16.54
15.31
13.91
18.02
82
12
128
25
111
42
18
53.8
50.3
51.2
50.5
50.6
53.9
52.0
$14.09
16.92
15.94
16.38
15.32
14.17
17.93
Total.....................................
51
403
53.1
15.39
418
51.8
15.37
FITTERS OR TRIMMERS, COAT: Male.
Baltimore.......................................
B oston.............................................
Chicago...........................................
Cincinnati.......................................
New Y ork.......................................
Philadelphia..................................
Rochester........................................
3
4
5
9
18
6
3
30
10
52
19
45
19
19
57.8
53.0
54.0
53.6
56.2
54.3
54.5
$14.00
15.58
15.98
14.47
18.57
15.88
15.55
25
8
46
15
41
26
19
53.6
50.0
52.0
50.7
51.6
53.5
52.0
$15.29
18.64
19.07
14.30
19.94
16.72
18.89
Total.....................................
48
194
55.1
16.05
180
52.1
17.97
56
T
BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS.
V . — AVERAGE FULL-TIME HOURS PER W EEK AND AVERAGE
FULL-TIME W E E K LY EARNINGS, B Y CITIES, 1912 AND 1913— Contd.
able
M E N ’ S CLOTHING MANUFACTURING—Continued.
HAND SEWERS, COAT; Male.
1912
City.
Number
of estab
lish,
ments.
1913
N um ber Average Average N um ber Average Average
full-time full-time
full-time full-time
of em
of em
hours per weekly
hours per weekly
ployees.
earnings.
week.
earnings. ployees.
week.
■Raltimora.. r________ , - , _____
Chicago............................................
N ew Y ork .......................................
Philadelphia..................................
Rochester........................................
3
5
19
5
3
69
36
152
13
35
58.4
54.0
56.3
54.3
54.6
$11.58
13.59
11.75
11.18
11.69
4
56
58
7
20
54.0
52.0
52.2
54.0
52.0
$5.65
12.85
14.11
6.79
16.26
Total.....................................
35
305
56.2
11.90
145
52.2
13.34
255
98
845
210
852
245
274
53.6
50.0
52.0
50.5
52.0
53.1
52.0
$8.63
8.24
10.00
8.12
8.81
9.37
10.01
2,779
52.1
9.25
H A N D S E W E R S , C O A T : F e m a le .
Baltim ore.......................................
Chicago............................................
Cincinnati.......................................
N ew Y ork .......................................
Philadelphia..................................
Total.....................................
58.2
303
3
$7.76
4 oston.............................................
52.9
8.01
47
B
54.0
5
1,017
9.39
53.4
7.76
9
216
821
56.6
7.70
25
7
246
54.3
7.27
3
238
54.6
9.25
R ochester........................................
56
2,888
55.2
8.40
H A N D S E W E R S , P A N T S : F e m a le .
Baltimore.......................................
B oston.............................................
Chicago............................................
Cincinnati............................ ..........
New Y ork .......................................
Philadelphia..................................
R ochester.......................................
3
3
5
5
11
5
3
106
27
506
29
117
67
85
57.5
54.0
54.0
53.9
56.4
54.2
54.3
$6.88
7.54
8.89
7.68
6.89
6.51
9.03
39
32
461
31
117
54
96
53.4
50.0
52.0
50.5
52.1
53.5
52.0
$8.63
7.55
9.00
8.60
8.07
7.00
9.11
T otal.....................................
35
937
54.7
8.18
830
52.0
8.50
HAND SEW ERS, VEST: Female.
Baltimore.......................................
Chicago....................... ...............
Cincinnati.......................................
New Y ork .......................................
Philadelphia..................................
R ochester........................................
2
3
4
13
5
3
44
295
23
97
23
88
59.1
54.0
54.0
56.4
54.7
54.4
$6.19
9.96
6.83
8.87
7.82
8.25
44
291
19
91
25
82
54.3
52.0
50.6
52.0
54.1
52.0
$7.09
10.86
6.92
10.00
9.27
9.50
T otal.....................................
30
570
54.9
9.00
552
52.2
10.01
HAND SEWERS, ALL: Female;
Baltimore.......................................
B oston.............................................
Chicago...........................................
Cincinnati.......................................
N ew Y ork .......................................
Philadelphia..................................
Rochester.......................................
3
4
6
18
39
14
5
453
74
1,818
268
1,035
336
411
58.1
53.3
54.0
53.5
56.6
54.4
54.5
$7.40
7.84
9.34
7.67
7.72
7.16
8.99
338
130
1,597
260
1,060
324
452
53.7
50.0
52.0
50.5
52.0
53.3
52.0
$8.43
8.07
9.78
8.09
8.83
8.97
9.73
T otal.....................................
89
4,395
55.1
8.43
4,161
52.1
9.20
i This group is a combination of the preceding female coat, pants, and vest hand sewers.
WAGES AND HOURS OF LABOR, 1911 TO 1913— M E N 'S CLOTHING.
T
57
V . —AVERAGE FULL-TIME HOURS PER W EEK AND AVERAGE
FULL-TIME W E E K LY EARNINGS, B Y CITIES, 1912 AND 1913— Contd.
able
MEN’ S CLOTHING MANUFACTURING— Continued.
OPERATORS, COAT: Male.
1913
1913
City.
Number
of estab
lish
ments.
Average Average
N umber Average Average Num ber full-time
full-time full-time
full-time
of em
of em
hours
per weekly
hours per weekly
ployees.
ployees.
week.
earnings.
week.
earnings.
Baltimore........................................
Boston.............................................
Chicago............................................
Cincinnati.......................................
New Y o r k ...............................
Philadelphia...................................
Rochester........................................
3
4
5
5
26
7
3
289
90
160
16
614
139
56
59.2
53.2
54.0
53.8
56.5
54.4
54.6
$11.80
16.33
16.88
11.17
15.34
13.67
15.63
436
53
225
20
647
186
86
53.9
50.0
52.0
50.9
51.7
53.6
52.0
$11.72
19.65
17.85
14.87
16.69
14.33
18.03
T otal.....................................
53
1,364
56.2
14.63
1,653
52.5
15.41
152
9
527
138
57
74
74
53.2
50.0
52.0
50.6
52.5
53.7
52.0
$8.04
7.92
11.61
9.29
8.93
9.18
10.78
1,031
52.1
10.36
OPERATORS, COAT: Female.
Baltimore........................................
Chicago............................................
Cincinnati.......................................
New Y o r k ................................. .
Philadelphia...................................
Rochester........................................
T otal.....................................
3
113
56.2
$7.41
3
16
54.0
8.47
Boston.............................................
5
514
54.0
11.28
9
135
53.3
8.57
15
41
56.0
7.68
6
67
54.1
8.13
3
63
54.6
10.34
44
54.3
949
9.95
OPERATORS, PANTS: Male.
Baltimore........................................
Boston.............................................
Chicago......................................
New Y o rk .......................................
Philadelphia...................................
Rochester........................................
3
3
5
21
5
3
167
41
137
468
69
8
58.4
54.0
54.0
57.0
54.9
54.4
$12.18
16.54
14.63
14.71
11.73
15.00
39
32
115
440
72
6
53.4
50.0
52.0
52.3
53.3
52.0
$14.51
18.33
17.37
17.59
13.44
15.73
T otal.....................................
40
890
56.5
14.08
704
52.3
16.98
OPERATORS, PANTS: Female.
Baltimore........................................
Boston.............................................
Chicago............................................
Cincinnati.......................................
New Y o r k .......................................
Philadelphia...................................
Rochester........................................
3
2
5
6
15
5
3
117
.7
374
67
97
45
99
T otal.....................................
39
806
57.1
54.0
54.0
53.5
56.6
54.1
54.7
$7.64
8.45
10.87
8.39
10.91
8.53
10.08
115
9
432
69
98
75
92
53.8
50.0
52.0
50.5
52.9
53.6
52.0
$7.85
~ 8.53
11.53
9.94
11.70
8.16
10.66
54.8
9.95
890
52.3
10.55
i
OPERATORS, VEST: Male.
Baltimore........................................
Chicago............................................
New Y o r k .......................................
Philadelphia...................................
2
3
15
5
54
76
68
28
59.5
54.0
56.6
55.2
$11.47
20.34
17.33
17.43
46
75
73
30
54.0
52.0
52.4
53.5
$13.08
22.29
19.07
20.24
T otal.....................................
25
226
56.3
16.95
224
52.8
19.07
58
T
BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS.
Y . —AVERAGE FULL-TIME HOURS PER WEEK AND AVERAGE
FULL-TIME W E E K LY EARNINGS, B Y CITIES, 1912 AND 1913— Contd.
able
M EN'S CLOTHING MANUFACTURING—-Continued.
OPERATORS, VEST: Female.
City.
Number
of estab
lish
ments.
1912
1913
Average Average
Num ber full-time
full-tim e
of em
hours
per weekly
ployees.
week.
earnings.
Average Average
Number full-time
o f em hours per full-time
weekly
ployees.
week.
earnings.
Baltimore........................................
Chicago............................................
Cincinnati.......................................
New Y o r k .......................................
Rochester........................................
2
3
4
10
3
47
195
28
54
83
56.9
54.0
53.2
56.0
54.5
$6.78
13.47
7.02
10.87
10.35
51
204
28
39
75
54.4
52.0
49.9
53.8
52.0
$7.52
14.16
7.62
12.49
12.45
T otal.....................................
22
407
54.6
11.27
397
52.3
12.36
OPERATORS, ALL: Male.*
Baltimore........................................
Boston.............................................
Chicago............................................
Cincinnati.......................................
N ew Y o r k .......................................
Philadelphia...................................
Rochester........................................
3
4
6
5
51
14
4
510
131
373
16
1,150
236
64
59.2
53.5
54.0
53.8
56.7
54.7
54.6
$11.89
16.39
16.76
11.17
15.20
13.55
15.55
521
85
415
20
1,160
288
92
53.9
50.0
52.0
50.9
52.0
53.5
52.0
$12.05
19.15
18.52
14.87
17.18
14.72
17.88
T otal.....................................
87
2,480
56.3
14.64
2,581
52.5
16.16
OPERATORS, ALL: Females
Baltimore........................................
B oston....................... .....................
Chicago............................................
Cincinnati.......................................
New Y o r k .......................................
Philadelphia...................................
Rochester........................................
3
3
6
19
32
8
5
277
23
1,083
230
192
112
245
56.7
54.0
54.0
53.3
56.3
54.1
54.6
$7.40
8.46
11.53
8.33
10.21
8.29
10.24
318
18
1,163
235
194
149
241
53.6
50.0
52.0
50.5
*2.9
53.6
52.0
$7.89
8.22
12.03
9.28
11.04
8.67
11.25
T otal.....................................
76
2,162
54.5
10.20
2,318
52.2
10.77
PRESSERS, COAT: Male.
Baltimore........................................
Boston.............................................
Chicago............................................
Cincinnati.......................................
New Y o r k .......................................
Philadelphia...................................
Rochester........................................
3
4
5
9
26
7
3
255
37
596
96
716
155
172
57.9
53.5
54.0
53.7
56.4
54.3
54.7
$12.04
15.89
14.65
12.94
13.35
11.91
13.44
309
48
636
91
758
247
185
53.5
50.0
52.0
50.9
52.1
53.6
52.0
$12.92
16.04
16.69
13.81
15.52
12.30
14.78
T otal.....................................
57
2,027
55.4
13.49
2,274
52.3
15.03
PRESSERS, PANTS: Male.
Baltimore........................................
Boston.............................................
Chicago............................................
Cincinnati.......................................
New Y o r k .......................................
Philadelphia...................................
Rochester........................................
3
3
5
6
22
5
3
56
21
193
30
237
45
55
57.4
54.0
54.0
53.6
56.8
54.5
54.6
$14.66
15.78
16.73
11.30
14.57
12.63
14.69
29
18
207
32
193
46
61
53.3
50.0
52.0
50.7
52.5
53.3
52.0
$12.23
19.55
17.84
11.89
16.47
14.11
14.42
T otal.....................................
47
637
55.4
14.99
586
52.2
16.19
1 This group is a combination of the preceding male coat, pants, and vest operators.
2 This group is a combination of the preceding female coat, pants, and vest operators.
WAGES AND HOURS OF LABOR, 1911 TO 1913---- M e n 's CLOTHING.
59
V . —AVERAGE FULL-TIME HOURS PER W EEK AND AVERAGE
FULL-TIME W E E K LY EARNINGS, B Y CITIES, 1912 AND 1913— Concld.
T able
MEN’ S CLOTHING MANUFACTURING— Concluded.
PRESSERS, VEST: Male.
1913
City.
Number
of estab
lish
ments.
Number
of em
ployees.
1913
Average Average
full-time full-time
hours per weekly
week.
earnings.
Num ber Average Average
full-time full-time
o f em
hours per weekly
ployees.
week.
earnings.
Baltimore........................................
Chicago............................................
Cincinnati.......................................
New Y o r k .......................................
Philadelphia...................................
Rochester........................................
2
3
2
16
5
3
25
129
5
70
13
32
58.0
54.0
54,0
56.3
55.2
54.4
$11.68
16.41
13.86
14.13
17.86
13.70
23
113
5
58
16
36
54.2
52.0
50.0
52.9
53.5
52.0
$14.59
19.88
13.49
16.69
16.66
14.80
T otal.....................................
31
274
55.1
15.10
251
52.5
17.60
PRESSERS, ALL: Male.*
Baltimore........................................
Boston.............................................
Chicago............................................
Cincinnati.......................................
New Y o r k .......................................
Philadelphia...................................
Rochester........................................
3
4
6
17
53
14
5
336
58
918
131
1,023
213
259
57.8
53.7
54.0
53.7
56.5
54.4
54.6
$12.45
15.85
15.33
12.60
13.69
12.43
13.74
361
66
956
128
1,009
309
282
53.5
50.0
52.0
50.8
52.2
53.6
52.0
$12.97
16.99
17.31
13.32
15.77
12.80
14.70
T otal.....................................
102
2,938
55.4
13.97
3,111
52.3
15.45
i This group is a combination of the preceding male coat, pants, and vest pressers.
CIGAR MANUFACTURINGSUMMARY.
This report shows the rates of wages (or earnings) per hour in the
principal occupations of cigar manufacturing in the United States.
The data were collected from representative establishments in the
leading cigar-manufacturing cities. Figures are here given for 1911,
1912, and 1913. Earlier reports have presented data concerning
wages in this industry for the years 1890 to 1907, and for the years
1911 and 1912.1 Data were not collected by this Bureau for the years
1908 to 1910. While regular hours are worked in some cigar factories,
in many other factories no regular hours are observed, the employees
going and coming as they desire. Because so many of the fac
tories have no regular hours of work, it has not been practicable to
present figures for full-time hours of labor per week nor full-time
weekly earnings.
In the industry as a”whole, rates of wages per hour in 1913 were 4.5
per cent higher than in 1912 and 8.8 per cent higher than in 1911.
Figures showing the rates of wages (or earnings) per hour for each
occupation covered by this report for each of the three years will be
found in Table I on page 68. The data for each year, covering a
week’s pay roll, were gathered in the latter half of the year. A
greater number of |establishments have been canvassed each suc
ceeding year/ Direct comparisons can be made properly only between
the data for successive years coming from identical establishments,
which are indicated by the grouping in the table. Information for
an establishment enters into the table only when figures for such
establishment are available for at least two successive years.
From an examination of the table referred to, it is seen that in
1913 the rates of wages per hour of male employees in this industry,
represented by 5 occupations, ranged from $0.1525 for stemmers or
strippers to $0.4769 for packers. For females, represented by 8
occupations, the average rates of wages per hour in 1913 ranged from
$0.1277 for stemmers or strippers to $0.2558 for cigar makers.
Rates of wages (or earnings) per hour differ in different establish
ments, hence the inclusion or exclusion of one or more establishments
in a group, if the rates of wages differ materially from the average,
will raise or lower the average for the group. Referring again to
Table I it is seen, for example, that the average rate of wages per hour
i The Nineteenth Annual R eport covers 1890 to 1903; Bulletin No. 59 (July, 1905) covers 1903 and 1904;
Bulletin N o. 65 (July, 1906) covers 1904 and 1905; Bulletin N o. 71 (July, 1907) covers 1905 and 1906; Bulletin
N o. 77 (July, 1908) covers 1906 and 1907; and Bulletin No. 135 (Sept., 1913) covers 1911 and 1912.
61
62
BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS,
of “ Banders, female,” in 1912 in 31 establishments was $0.1513, while
in 71 establishments in the same year, the average was $0.1516. In
31 establishments there was an increase in rate of wages per hour
from $0.1409 in 1911 to $0.1513 in 1912. In 71 establishments there
was an increase from $0.1516 in 1912 to $0.1610 in 1913. Thus the
figures for this occupation indicate an increase of wage each year from
1911 to 1913.
Because of the change in the Establishments from year to year and
the consequent change in the average rate of wages per hour, it is
difficult to make a comparison of the actual data over a period of
years which will give an exact measure of the movement in wages in
the several occupations. To aid in the making of such a study, rel
ative (or index) numbers have been computed from the average rate
of wages per hour of each occupation which appears in Table I for the
years 1911 to 1913, inclusive. These relative numbers are simply
percentages in which the figures for 1913 are taken as the base, or 100
per cent. The relative for each year is the per cent that the average
for that year is of the average for 1913, as determined by the method
explained and illustrated on page 18. The table follows:
R E L A T IV E R A T E S OF W A G E S P E R H O U R IN T H E P R IN C IP A L O C C U PA TIO N S IN C IG A R
M A N U F A C T U R IN G , 1911 TO 1913.
(19 1 3 = 1 0 0 .0 .)
Year.
Bunch Bunch
Cigar
R oll
Bunch mak mak Cigar mak
oll
ers,
Pack Pack Rers,
ers,
mak
Band mak
ers,
ers,
ers, ers, fe
ers, hand,
ers, fe ers, hand, ma
hand,
male. male. hand,
chine,
hand,
fe
male. hand,
fe
fe
male.
fe
male. male.
male. male.
male.
male.
1911___
87.7
1 9 1 2 .... 94.2
1 9 1 3 .... 100.0
88.7
94.9
100.0
93.2
96.7
100.0
90.0
93.0
100.0
100.4
97.1
100.0
94.9
99.0
100.0
91.6
99.4
100.0
86.2
96.1
100.0
90.5
95.1
100.0
92.9
97.0
100.0
R oll
ers,
suc
tion,
fe
male.
Stem- Stemmers
mers
or
or
strip
strip
pers,
pers,
fe
male. male.
85.4
92.8
100.0
92.1
92.1
100.0
89.7
96.3
100.0
In the above table it is shown, for example, that the rates of wages
per hour for “ Banders, female,” in 1911 were 87.7 per cent of the
rates of wages per hour in 1913, as determined from the two groups
of comparable averages shown in Table I, page 68. In 1912 the rates
of wages per hour in this occupation were 94.2 per cent of such earn
ings in 1913. Each occupation shows an increase in rates of wage3
per hour in 1913 as compared with 1912. Only one occupation,
“ Cigar makers, hand, male,” shows a decrease in rates of wages per
hour in 1913 as compared with 1911.
A like table of relative (or index) numbers is next given for the
industry as a whole, as determined by a combination of the data for
the several occupations covered. Data were obtained for the prin
cipal occupations of the industry, as before stated, but not for all
occupations. The method of computing this table is explained on
page 63.
WAGES AND HOURS OF LABOR, 1911 TO 1913---- CIGARS.
68
R E L A T IV E R A T E S O F W A G E S P E R H O U R IN C IG A R M A N U F A C T U R IN G , 1911 TO 1913.
(1 9 1 3= 1 00 .0 .)
Year.
1911........................
1912........................
1913........................
Relative
rates of
wages per
hour.
91.9
95.7
100.0
From this table it is seen that relative rates of wages per hour
increased from 91.9 in 1911 to 95.7 in 1912 and to 100 in 1913. In
other words, the rates of wages per hour in 1911 were 91.9 per cent
of rates of wages per hour in 1913, and in 1912, 95.7 per cent of rates
of wages per hour in 1913.
A word of caution is given as to the use of relative numbers. The
per cent of increase or decrease from one year to another is not the
difference between the relative numbers for the years. Thus, in the
table above the relative rates of wages for this industry increased
from 91.9 in 1911 to 100 in 1913, an increase in the relative of 8.1
over the relative 91.9, making an increase of 8.8 per cent.
The relative (or index) numbers for the several occupations and
for the industry as a whole have been computed with 1913 as the
base, or 100 per cent, in conformity with the policy of the Bureau in
recent wage bulletins. The year 1913 is taken as the base because a
greater amount of data was collected in 1913 than in either of the
two preceding years, and thus the greatest volume of data is used
as the basis for comparison. Another reason for taking 1913 as the
base is that comparisons are most frequently made between the last
or current year and different preceding years; with the last year
represented by an even 100 the relation between such year and any
preceding year is easily understood.
The relative numbers for each year from 1911 to 1913 for the
industry as a whole were computed, not from the relative numbers
for the several occupations, but from averages of the actual rates
of wages per hour of all employees in all occupations. For each
year the average rates of wages per hour were computed for all
employees in all occupations combined, and the average for each
preceding year was compared with the average for 1913 to determine
the relative (or index) number for the industry.
In addition to the relative numbers shown for the several occupa
tions and for the industry, a table is here presented showing the per
cent of increase or decrease in rates of wages per hour in 1913 as
compared with each preceding year. These percentages are com
puted from the relative numbers shown in the preceding tables and
simply change the method of comparison. The table also shows the
64
BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS.
increase or decrease in rates of wages per hour in 1912 as compared
with 1911.
Referring to the table below, it is seen, for example, that the rates
of wages per hour of “ Banders, female,” in 1913 were 14 per cent
higher than in 1911 and 6.2 per cent higher than in 1912; also that
rates of wages per hour in this occupation were 7.4 per cent higher
in 1912 than in 1911. The last line of the table shows the changes
in the rates of wages per hour in the industry as a whole.
P E R C E N T O F IN C R E A S E O R D E C R E A S E IN R A T E S O F W A G E S P E R H O U R IN T H E
P R IN C IP A L O C C U P A T IO N S IN C IG A R M A N U F A C T U R IN G : 1913 C O M P A R E D W I T H 1911
A N D 1912, A N D 1912 W I T H 1911, B Y O C C U PA TIO N S.
Per cent higher ( + ) or lower ( —) in—
Occupation and sex.
1913 than i n 1911
1912 than
in 1911
1912
Banders, female............................
B unch makers, hand, m ale........
B unch makers, hand, fem ale___
Bunch makers, machine, female
Cigar makers, hand, m ale...........
Cigar makers, hand, fem ale........
Packers, m ale................................
Packers, fem ale.............................
Rollers, hand, m ale......................
Rollers, hand, female...................
Rollers, suction, female...............
Stemmers or strippers, male —
Stemmers or strippers, fem ale. . .
+ 14.0
+12.7
+ 7.3
+11.1
.4
+ 5.4
+ 9.2
+ 16.0
+10.5
+ 7.6
+17.1
+ 8.6
+11.5
+ 6 .2
+ 5 .4
+ 3 .4
+ 7 .5
+ 3 .0
+ 1 .0
+ .6
+ 4 .1
+ 5 .2
+ 3 .1
+ 7 .8
+ 8 .6
+ 3 .8
+ 7.4
+ 7.0
+ 3.8
+ 3.3
- 3.3
+ 4.3
+ 8.5
+11.5
+ 5.1
+ 4.4
+ 8.7
0)
+ 7.4
The industry......................
+ 8.8
+ 4 .5
+ 4.1
i N o change.
In addition to the text tables given on preceding pages, two gen
eral tables are presented in this report, as follows:
Table I.—Average and classified rates of wages per hour in the
United States, by years, 1911 to 1913.
Table II.—Average and classified rates of wages per hour in each
year, by cities, 1912 and 1913.
Table I is divided into two parts, one part showing the actual
numbers, the other showing percentages computed therefrom.
In Table II the figures for 1912 and 1913 are for identical estab
lishments, hence all figures for 1913 in this table are directly com
parable with the figures for 1912. The total figures for each occupa
tion appearing in Table II are the same as the figures for 1912 and
1913 grouped in Table I.
EXPLANATION OF SCOPE AND METHOD.'
A partial explanation of scope and method appears in the preceding
summary in connection with a discussion of the figures of the report.
The information included in this report, except that collected in
WAGES AND HOURS OF LABOR, 1911 TO 1913---- CIGARS.
65
Pittsburgh, was obtained from factories making cigars classed for
revenue purposes as full size, of different grades, retailing from 5 cents
up, and made by methods in which handwork largely or entirely pre
vails. Figures were not taken from factories making cigarettes or
little cigars or from factories using automatic power machinery.
While certain machines are used in many of the factories furnishing
data, they require so much handwork in addition that they are more
properly helpful appliances than machines; they aid but do not super
sede handwork. To such a very limited extent are automatic machines
used that data were not taken for persons who operate them. As a
rule the higher grade cigars are entirely handmade.
Comparable figures are presented in this report as follows:
For 1911 and 1912, from 49 identical factories.
For 1912 and 1913, from 100 identical factories.
In selecting the representative establishments from which to col
lect data the Bureau undertook to represent the cities of greatest
importance in the industry, the measure of importance being the
number of employees in this industry. The table which follows shows
the leading cities in the manufacture of cigars, the number of em
ployees in the industry in each city in 1910, as determined by the
United States Census Office, the number of factories from which data
_were collected in 1913, the number of employees on the pay rolls of
such factories, and the number of employees for whom data were
taken and are shown in this report.
N U M B E R OF E M P L O Y E E S IN C IG A R M A N U F A C T U R IN G A N D N U M B E R O F E M P L O Y E E S
IN E S T A B L IS H M E N T S F O R W H IC H D A T A A R E S H O W N F O R 1913.
City.
Establishments for which data are
shown b y the Bureau of Labor
Number of
Statistics for 1913.
employees
reported
b y United
Num ber of employees—
States
Census
Number of
Office,
establish
For whom
1910.1
ments.
On p a yroll. data are
shown.
New Y o r k .................................................................................
Tam pa........................................................................................
Philadelphia.............................................................................
D etroit.......................................................................................
Chicago............. ........................................................................
Pittsburgh 2..............................................................................
Baltimore........ .........................................................................
C incinnati.................................................................................
Richm ond.................................................................................
K ey W est.......................................................... .......................
Boston........................................................................................
Binghamton..............................................................................
Harrisburg................................................................................
Lancaster...................................................................................
D ayton......................................................................................
Other cities...............................................................................
22,416
8,061
6,216
4,354
4,161
3,061
2,648
2,437
2,414
2,345
2,310
2,213
1,579
1,449
1,428
72,486
22
13
14
7
19
5
9
7
5,802
3,352
3,294
2,669
1,911
1,135
1,138
1,058
5,175
3,128
2,636
2,349
1,717
758
982
906
2
2
682
533
590
439
Total.......................................7.......................................
139, o/8
100
21,574
18,680
1 Including cigar, stogy, little cigar, and cigarette manufacturing.
2 The cigar industry in Pittsburgh is largely confined to manufacture of cheap cigars, stogies, and tobies.
For wage data for Pittsburgh see page 67.
67479°—Bull. 161—15------5
66
BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS.
Information for 1913 was collected for this report for 18,680
employees, equal to 13.4 per cent of the total number employed in
the industry in 1910. The number of employees in the representa
tive occupations covered, for which information was secured, was
86.6 per cent of the total number of employees on the pay rolls in
the establishments covered.
Cigar making is almost entirely a piecework industry, nearly all
employees being thus paid. The greater number of strippers are
paid at piece rates, and virtually all cigar makers, bunch makers,
rollers, and packers are paid by the thousand cigars.
In many cigar factories the employees do not work all the hours
the factory is open and work afforded, and no regular working hours
are recognized. The work is so largely individual in many factories
that the coming and going of an employee does not interfere mate
rially with the work of others, and expensive machinery does not
stand idle when he is absent. So irregular are the hours of labor in
many factories that it was not deemed advisable to attempt to
present figures for full-time hours of labor per week nor for full-time
weekly earnings.
No cigar factory visited keeps regularly a record of the time worked
by its pieceworkers. The earnings of pieceworkers are determined by
the quantity produced, and the size, shape, and quality of the cigar
made. To determine the earnings per hour of cigar factory em
ployees when actually at work, it is necessary to know the time
worked by each employee to earn the wages shown by the pay roll.
To provide such information, the manufacturers visited willingly
cooperated with the Bureau by keeping a record of the time worked
by their pieceworkers during the representative pay period taken.
All data presented were obtained by agents of the Bureau from the
pay rolls of the establishments and the time records above named.
The rates of wages per hour appearing in the tables include the
wages of time workers with the earnings of pieceworkers. Time
*ates by the day or week have been reduced to rates per hour and
the earnings of pieceworkers or persons working at both time and
piece rates have been reduced to rates per hour by dividing the earn
ings in the pay period by the hours worked. A change in earnings
per hour of pieceworkers does not of necessity indicate a change in
piece rates. Without a change in piece rates, a change in method,
or speeding up, or more steady work resulting from a greater volume
of business, may increase the earnings per hour; while, on the other
hand, changes in methods, slowing down in speed, or a period of slack
business may reduce the hourly earnings.
A description of the occupations named in this report may be found
in Bulletin No. 135.
67
WAGES AKD HOURS OF LABOR, 1911 TO 1913---- CIGARS.
RATES OF WAGES IN PITTSBURGH.
Data were collected in Pittsburgh from a few factories the product
of which was mainly cheap cigars, stogies, and tobies. The figures
for Pittsburgh are not included with the figures for other cities, owing
to the material difference in the character of the product, but are
presented separately below.
A V E R A G E A N D C L A S S IF IE D R A T E S OF W A G E S P E R H O U R IN P IT T S B U R G H , IN E S T A B
L ISH M E N TS M A N U F A C T U R IN G C H E A P C IG A R S , M A IN L Y S T O G IE S A N D T O B IE S , B Y
Y E A R S , 1911 TO 1913.
Number o f employees earning each classified rate o f wages
per hour.
A ver
Num
age
ber of rate of
6
7
Occupation, sex, and num
9
em
U n and and and and
Year.
wages
ber of establishments.
p loy per der un un un un
ees. hour.
der der der der
cts. 7
8
9
10
cts. ets. cts. ets.
10
and
un
der
12
cts.
12
and
un
der
14
cts.
14
and
un
der
16
cts.
B unch makers, hand,male:
2 establishments.......... 1911
1912
1913
Bunch makers, hand,
female:
1911
6 establishments........
1912
133
200
.1570
.1578
1912
1913
184
161
.1579
.1738
1911
1912
1913
20
54
53
.1087
.0982
.1284
5
10
2
1.
1
16
1911
1912
43
68
.1259
.1426
4
1
7
11
1912
1913
63
64
.1460
.1537
1911
1912
216
304
.1569
.1590
1912
1913
281
278
.1585
.1688
1911
1912
134
211
. 1039
.1038
1912
1913
204
197
.1032 119
.1227
5 establishments........
Buneh makers, machine,
female:
2 establishments........
Packers, female:
6 establishments........
5 establishments........
Rollers, hand, female: .
6 establishments........ .
5 establishments........
Stemmers or strippers,
female:
6 establishments........
5 establishments........
16
and
un
der
18
cts.
21 $0.2592
9 .2487
5 .2984
.
10
51
51
14
i Seven earned under 5 cents, and 12 earned 5 and under 6 cents.
18
and
un
der
20
20
and
un
der
25
cts.
25
and
un
der
30
cts.
30
and
un
der
40
cts.
68
T
BULLETIN OP THE BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS.
able
I . —AVERAGE AND CLASSIFIED RATES OF WAGES PER HOUR IN
THE UNITED STATES, B Y YEARS, 1911 TO 1913.
CIGAR MANUFACTURING.
[The figures for each tw o years grouped are for identical establishments.!
NUM BER.
Employees earning each classified rate of wages per hour.
A ver
N um age
5
6
7
ber of rate of
Occupation, sex,
U n and and and
Mid niimber of Year. em
establishments.
ploy* per der un un un
5 der der der
hour.
7
cts. 6
8
cts. cts. cts.
Banders, female:
31 establish
ments...........
and
un
der
9
cts.
10
14
12
16
18
20
and and and and and and and 25
un un un un un un un cts.
der der der der der der der and
10
12
14
20
25 over*
18
16
cts. cts. cts. cts. cts. cts. cts.
1911
1912
275
$0.1409
.1513
1912
1913
437
415
.1516
.1610
60
1911
1912
343
317
.1753
.1811
37
1912
1913
Rollers, suction, fe
male:
12 establish
m e n t s ...___ 1911
1912
802
775
71 establish
m ents..........
Bunch
makers,
machine, female:
5
establish
ments...........
17 establish
ments...........
1912
1913
2,797
2,483
.1725
.1858
1911
1912
130
148
.1301
.1301
1912
1913
282
224
.1404
.1525
1911
1912
1,
1,700
.1109
.1191
90 establish
ments___ . . . ! 1912
i 1913
2,766
2,834
.1230
.1277
Stemmers or strip
pers, male:
14 establish
ments...........
37 establish
ments...........
Stemmers or strip
pers, female:
39 establish
ments...........
45
10
12
25
10
144
124
217
180
216
147
292
236
56
316
130
80
132
116
232
265
96
143
320
298
260
279
320
418
89
198
432
397
442
383
203
225
12
12
15
25
21
35
27
10
.1807
8
15
36
12
1,820
1,879
23 establish
ments. . . ; . .
16
52
35
59
20
75 154
59 102
191
157
479
531
226
347
192
237
74
104
220
267
792
685
585
676
419
437
188
216
99
123
-17
69
WAGES AND HOURS OF LABOR, 1911 TO 1913— CIGARS.
T
able
AVERAGE AND CLASSIFIED RATES OF WAGES PER HOUR IN
THE UNITED STATES, BY YEARS, 1911 TO 1913— Continued.
I .—
CIGAR MANUFACTURING— Continued.
N U M B E R -C o n clu d e d .
Employees earning each classified rate of wages per hour.
Occupation, sex,
and number of
establishments.
Bunch m a k e r s ,
hand, male:
22 establish
ments.........
45 establish
ments......... .
Bunch m a k e r s ,
hand, female:
27 establish
ments......... .
48 establish
ments......... .
Cigar m a k e r s ,
hand, male:
28 establish
ments.........
establish
ments.........
Cigar m a k e r s ,
hand, female:
13 establish
ments.........
30 establish
ments.........
Packers, male:
35 establish
ments.........
74 establish
ments.........
Parkers, female:
16 establish
ments.........
36 establish
ments...........
H o l l e r s , hand,
male:
23 establish
ments...........
48 establish
ments...........
R o l l e r s , hajid,
female:
26 establish
ments...........
52 establish
ments...........
Aver
Num age
ber of
9 I 10 12 I 14 | 10 I 18
of
Year. em rate
and and and: and i and
wages Un and'
u
n - un
u n - : un
der
ployper
der
;
dcr
der ; der
hour.
cts, 10 | 12
18 i 20
cts. cts.
cts. ! cts.
1911
1912
340 $0.2628
355 .2810
1912
1913
654
686
20
and
under
25
cts.
i
| 25
30
40 | 50
and and and : and 60
J un un un un cts.
i der der der der and
40
50
GO. over.
> 30
1els cts. cts. cts.
104
74
12
.2875
. 3030
114
104
14
156
191
240
1911
1912
1, 30 ;
1,298
.2160
.2240
1.912
1913
1,882
1,736
.2261
.2339
1911
1912
2,298
2,602
.SO^
. 2971
1912
1913
4,071
4,024.
•30“ 1
.3163
1911
244
.2451
1912
278
.2556
103
100
1912
1913
42'
408
.2532
.2558
130
121
1911
1912
35‘
.4263
.4627
105
104
1912
1913
594
583
.4741
.4
146
13‘
1911
1912
33:
344
.2214
1912
1913
504
502
.2257
90
1911
1912
491
583
.2513
.2641
139
163
1912
1913
1,122
.2864
.3011
1911
1912
1,473
1,364
.2200
.2295
1912
1913
2,091
2,053
.2227
. 229;
27
12
14’
118
185
141
481
45;
188
226
107
136
18
155
143
203
175
621
566
393
197
232
. 26
21
384
536
580
680
928
103
200
228
41
36
13
5
744
920 1,457
943 1,385
495
554
83
144
17
24
93
128
1-0
150
10’
103
40
.2 V 0
38
110
30
46- 90
141
112
201
160
204
199
293
213
255
220
141
87
136
315
283
295
731
637
191
428
15
44
71
123
134
123
113
70
T
BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS.
able
I ___ AVERAGE AND CLASSIFIED RATES OF WAGES PER HOUR IN
THE UNITED STATES, B Y YEARS, 1911 TO 1913—Continued. ‘
CIGAR M ANTTFACTURING— Continued.
PE R CENT.
Employees earning each classified rate of wages per hour.
Occupation, sex,
and number of
establishments.
N um
ber
Year. of
em
ploy
ees.
Banders, female:
31 establish
ments...........
Aver
age
6
5
rate of Un and and
wages der un un
per
5 der der
hour.
7
cts. 6
cts. cts.
i
7
and
un
der
8
and
un
der
8
9
cts. cts.
9
10
16
20
12 i 14
18
and and and and and and and 25
un un un- ; un un un un cts.
der der der 1 der der der der and
12
10
20
25 over.
14 ! 16
18
cts. cts. cts. cts. cts. cts. cts.
|
4.2 12.7 13.9 9.7 13.9 10.8 10.8
6 .2 9.8 16.0 12.7 13.1 12.7 9.8
!
3.1
5.5
11.2 13.7 10.3 13.5 10.3 12.8
8.4 15.9 16.4 14.2 10.6 16.6
5.7
5.1
1911
1912
259 $0.1409 1 .2 5.8 4.6 3.1 6.2
275 . 1513 . 7 .7 5.5 4.0 3.3
1912
1913
437
415
.1516
.1610
Bunch
makers,
m achine, female:
5
establish
ments........... 1911
1912
343
317
.1753 .3 1.2 1.5 .9
.18111
.6 1.3 1.3
|
1912
1913
802
775
. 1888!
.2030
1911
1912
1,820
1,879
.1662
.1807
1912
1913
2,797
2,483
.1725
.1858
1911
1912
130
148
.1301 3.1 .4.6 2.3 5.4 5.4
.1301 1.4 2.7 2.7 3.4 6.8
6.9 16.9 14.6 13.1 10.8
8.1 18.2 16.9 12.2 14.9
1912
1913
Stemmers or strip
pers, female:
39 establish
m ents........... 1911
1912
282
224
.1404 1.1 1.4 1.4 2.5 5.3
.1525
1.3 3.1 3.6
7.4 18.4 17.4 12.1 13.5 9.6 7.8
4.9 14.7 16.1 14.3 15.6 11.6 12.5
71 establish
ments...........
17 establish
m ents...........
Rollers, suction,
female:
12 establish
ments...........
23 establish
ments...........
Stemmers or strip
pers, male:
14 establish
ments...........
37 establish
ments...........
90 establish
ments...........
1912
1913
.9
.2
i
.7 4.3 5.5 4.8
. 7 1.0 2.4 3.1
.9
.9
.5 1.5 1.1 1.5
.3
__ 1__
.5
....
6.2
5.3
3.8
1.6
1.1
1.3
6.1 10.8 16.3 17.2 13.1 17.8 10.2
4.1 8.2 15.8 17.7 14.2 25.9 8.5
5.4
5.0
5.7
6.8
9.6 16.2 16.5 28.9 12.0
8.6 10.3 15.0 34.2 18.5
.7 1.3 . 1.2 1.8
.4 .7 1.3 2.1
2.9
1.6
6 .6
.4
2.1
7.7 10.4 15.2 15.4 15.8 20.5
5.9 9.5 14.6 16.0 15.4 27.7
__
.9 1 .6 2.6
.2
.3
__
1.4
7.9 11.9 17.4 17.6 14.3 17.6 4.9
9.6 14.3 15.9 14.8 22.2 10.5
1,589
1,700
.1109 2.5 3.2 3.7 4.7 9.7 12.0 30.1 14.2 12.1
.1191 1 .0 2.4 2.1 3.5 6.0 9.2 31.2 20.4! 13.9
2,766
2,834
.1230
. 1277
.7 1.8 2.1 4.0 5.5
.4 1 .8 3.5 5.4
.1
8.0 28.6 21.1 15.1
9.4 24.2 23.9:|15.4
7.7
8.1
7.3
9.1
9.2
4.7 ........
2.1
2 .2
4.7
2.1
6.1
2.9
.8
.1
1.2 ........
6 .8
3.6
4.3
2.3
3.3
7.6
.3
.6
71
WAGES AND HOURS OF LABOR, 1911 TO 1913---- CIGARS.
T a b l e I . —AVERAGE AND CLASSIFIED RATES OF WAGES PER HOUR IN
THE UNITED STATES, B Y YEARS, 1911 TO 1913— Concluded.
CIGAR MANUFACTURING— Continued.
P E R C E N T —Concluded.
Employees earning each classified rate of wages per hour.
Occupation, sex,
and number of
establishments.
B unch
makers,
hand, male:
22 establish
ments...........
Num Aver
ber
age
10
rate of Un and and
of
Year. em
wages der un un
per
ploy9 der der
hour.
cts. 10 12
cts. cts,
12
and
un
der
14
cts.
14
and
un
der
16
cts.
16
30
40
50
18
20
25
and and and and and and and 60
un un un un un un un cts.
der der der der der der der and
40
18
20 25
50
30
60 over.
cts. cts. cts. cts. cts. cts. cts.
5.
8.7
8.5 20.0 30.6 22.4
19.2 20.8 26.5
7.
6.7
3.6
6.3 17.4 22.5 29.2 7.0
5.2 15.2 22.7 35.0 13.3
4.1
5.1
1911
1912
340 $0.2628
355 .2810 0.3
1912
1913
686
1911
1912
1,307
1,298
.2160
.2240
1912
1913
1,
1,736
.2261 1.4
.2339
1911
1912
2,298
2,
.3072
.2971
.3
1912
1913
4,071
4,024
.3071
.3163
.3
1911
1912
244
278
.2451
.2556
3.7 13.1 42.2 21.3 13.1
4.0 5.4 36.0 30.2 18.0
2.0
1.4
1912
1913
Packers, male:
35 establish
ments........... ! 1911
1912
74 establish
ments........... 1912
1913
Packers, female:
16 establish
ments........... 1911
1912
427
408
.2532
.2558
5.9
7.1
7.7 30.4 25.1 18.7
7.8 29.7 25.2 17.9
3.3
4.7
357
.4263
.4627
45 establish
ments.........
Bunch
makers,
hand, female:
27 establish
ments...........
48 establish
ments...........
Cigar
makers,
hand, male:
28 establish
ments...........
63 establish
ments...........
Cigar
makers,
hand, female:
13 establish
ments...........
30 establish
ments...........
36 establish
ments...........
Rollers, h a n d ,
male:
23 establish
ments...........
48 establish
ments..........
Rollers, h a n d ,
female:
26 establish
ments...........
52 establish
ments...........
654
.2875
.3
3.1
.1
11.2 14.2 36.8 14.4
1.4
8.2
9.1 10.9 35.2 17.4 10.5
.5
1.4
8.2 10.8 33.0 20.9 10.5
10.1 32.6 22.6 13.4
1.2
1.2
1.0
.9
1.4
.1
.1
.6
1.8
1.4
.2
2.3
3.2
4.2 18.3 22.6 35.8 12.2
3.7 15.6 23.4 34.4 13.8
2.0
3.6
.6
2.5
4.0
.4
.2
9.0 33.3 29.4 11.5 12.3
8.0 23.6 26.1 18.1 17.8
6.7 21.4 24. 20. 20.7
7.2 22.0 23.5 23.0 19.4
.4741
.4769
337
344
.2214
11.9 15.1 24.9 12.5
14.5 9.9 34.6 14.0 10.2
1912
1913
504
502
.2170 3.4
.2257
10.8 12.0 31.9 17.9 10.
1911
1912
491
583
.2513
.2641
1912
1913
1,122
1,199
.2864
.3011
1911
1912
1,473
1,364
.2295
1912
1913
2,091
2,053
0.8
3.3 16.7 25.2 40.4
4.0 20. 26.1 34.
594
583
.2
12.3 11.1 32.1 13.7
4.3
.2
1.0
.4 1.
9.9
5.5
3.9
9.2 26.5 28.3 20.2
6.5 28.0 28.0 24.2
3.2
2.3
22.7 25.8 30.0
.6
2.3
2.6
2.0
1.8
2.6
.7
7.8
18.3 26.3 34.8 11.3
1.2
13.6 33.7 19.2 8.4
11.7 37.0 21.6 10.5
.2 1.1
.2227
.2297 (i)
.8
1.7
2.2
1.3
.2200
0 . 6 .......
7.1
9.8 14.0 35.2 18.5 9.1
10.4 31.0 20.8 13.1
1 Less than one-tenth of 1 per cent.
1.1
0)
.3
72
T
BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS.
able
I I . — AVERAGE AND CLASSIFIED RATES OF WAGES PER HOUR
IN EACH YEAR, 13Y CITIES, 1912 AND 1913.
CIGAR MANUFACTURING— Con tinned.
BANDERS: Female.
fT he figures for 1912 and 1913 arc for identical establishments, hence all figures for 1913 are directly com
parable with those for 1912.]
N um ber of employees earning each classified rate of wages per
hour.
Year and city.
Num N um Aver
ber
age
ber
rate
of
of
6
5
esof
and
em
wages Un and
tabun un
p
loy
der
per
, lishees. hour. 5 der der
inents.
7
cts. 6
cts. cts.
and
un
der
8
cts.
and
un
der
9
cts.
10 12 14
10
y
18
20
and and and and and and and 25
un un un un un un un cts.
der der der der der der der and
10
12
14
16
18
20
25 over.
cts. cts. cts. cts. cts. cts. cts.
1912.
7 $0.1032
51 . 1318
14 .1262
22 .0916
51 .1145
21 .0933
116 .1732
71 .1545
84 .1922
B altimore____
Chicago..........
Cincinnati___
D a yton..........
Detroit...........
L a n ca ster....
New Y o r k ___
Philadelphia.
Tampa.:.........
T otal.,.
437
12 ,
1:
1:
5
1:
201
2
1!
J
2',
1'___ I
.1516
19
24;
211
2
15
27
49|
60;
45
59
25
1913.
Baltim ore____
Chicago..........
Cincinnati
D a y ton ..........
Detroit...........
Lancaster____
N ew Y o r k .. .
Philadelphia.
T am pa...........
88
.1344
.1540
.1412
.1203
.1041
.1082
.1888
.1697
. 1745
1
.J
....
415
. 1610:
10
13
51
13
18
43
17
112
66
Total..
32;
10
22 >
3
22
11
4
6
44
69
21
9
17
14
BUNCH M AKERS, MACHINE: Female.
1912.
Baltim ore.............
D a y t o n ...............
Lancaster.............
N ew Y o r k ............
Philadelphia........
Other cities. . . .
2
2
2
3
7
1
Total...........
17
52 $0.1625
72 .1848
99 .1607
161 .2124
341 .2021
77 . 1377
802
. 1888
1913.
3
4
1
4 ....
1........
2
i;
2
2i
2
2
2 .....
6
4.
2
8
2
3.
10
2
19
10
81
2;
10;
1;
15
10
17
7
27
7
12
16
23
19
46
14
7
19
15
31
52
8
109
6
2
3
2
24
64
1
12
9i
43
46:
77
130
132
232
96
12
9
2
2
2
3
1
58
84
92
128
358
55j
.1926
. 2045
.1853
.2160
.2133
.1446
Total...........
17
775
.2030
|.
i
i
.............. i 1
..............! 1
- 7 - 1
2
5
14
!
:
Baltimore
........
D a v ton . . .
Lancaster.............
N ew York . . .
Philadelphia.
Other cities..........
1
3
3
5
5
6
3
14
13
4i
11;
2!
23j
10j
9
9
3
7
20
9
4
9
17
6
36
8
13
16
14
18
51
4
20
38
19
67
115
6
6
8
11
24
94
10
39
53j
67
80
116
265
143
73
WAGES AND HOURS OF .LABOR, 1(J11 TO 1913---- CIGARS.
T a b le
I I . —AVERAGE AND CLASSIFIED RATES OF WAGES PER HOUR
IN EACH YEAR, BY CITIES, 1912 AND 1913—Continued.
CIGAR MANUFACTURING— Continued.
ROLLERS, SUCTION: Female.
Number of employees earning each classified rate of wages per
hour.
Nbu“ - Num-j Average
ber
rate
of
o
6
of
em wages
Un- and;and
p lo y p?r dor. un-j un5 ■derider
ments. ees'. hour. cts.
6 ! 7
. cts.j cts.
of
establish-
Year and cilv.
1912
and and
un un
der der
8
9
cts. cts.
12
14
16
18
20
10
and and and and and and and 25
un un un un un un un cts.
der der der der der der der and
12
10
14
25 over.
10
18
20
cts. cts. cts. cts. cts. cts. cts.
.
Baltimore........
Chicago...........
Lancaster........
New Y o r k ___
P hiladelphia..
Other c it ie s ...
326 SO.1537
107 .2040
201 .1307
1)31 .1917
73S . 1726
404 . 1589
Total___
23 2. 797
.1725
Baltimore.............
Chicago.................;
Lancaster............. 1
New Y ork ............j
Philadelphia........:
Other cities..........
287'
, 140
180
809
638
429
.2133
.1517
. 1957
.1839
.1726
Total.......... :
23, 2,483
.1858
19 13 .
19
66
12;
25
73
50
13
40
98
108
115
292
60
11
17
145
120
70
49
25
16
168
113
71
432
33
37
8
17
265 'i i s
48
163
66
14
572
j~
8!
3
28
33
45
30
35
T
147
135
96
74
236
362
21
145
100
64
39 ;
94
49
17
261
169
97
18
35
■■ 1
95
59
17
681
225
STEMMERS OR STRIPPERS: Male.
1912.
B altim ore...
New Y o r k . . ,
Philadelphia
Tam pa.........
13:
12;
Total..
I
4t>!$0.1359
6lj .1695
1661 .1311
9' . 1374
282
.1404
42
. 1558
.1083
. 1450
.1263
,!j
2i
2'
1
4!..
9!
18
2
4!
34
13
7
1913.
Baltimore___
New Y o r k . . .
Philadelphia
Tam pa.........
Total..
13
12 .
37:
22
2241 .1525
8
11
33 j
36
32
35
28
STEMMERS OR STRIPPERS: Female.
1912.
Baltimore___
Chicago.........
Cincinnati___
D ayton..........
Detroit...........
Lancaster___
New Y o r k . . .
Philadelphia.
Tampa...........
Total..
6i
19!
137$0.0854'
355 .1366
185 .1301
26 .1159
44
.1174
. 1045
.1344
394 .1109
359 .1212
£
90; 2,766
1913.
Baltimore___
Chicago..........
Cincinnati___
D ayton..........
Detroit...........
Lancaster.___
New Y o r k .. .
Philadelphia.
Tampa...........
Total..
.1230
32
78
39
12
71
35
1
149
40
197
113
96
13
203
81
69
68
12
4
149
38
4‘
4i.
l '.
27
2.
792:
585,
419
188
63!
22 .
7;
11
10
20
110 153
51
220
6
65
40
I
(>!
19:
113
392
153
34
420
84
760
398
480
.0934
. 1437
. 1587
.1463
.1146
.1191
.1341
.1168
.1233
90! 2.834!
.1277
15
15
71
83,
14.
25j
2.
15!
147, 1261
261 27i
152. 212;
99!
73:
152
108
i L ..4
12
52; 100 154
26;
6S5| 676| 43;
11
29j
1
2
3f
3
216
123j
93
17
74
BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS.
T able I I . — AVERAGE AND CLASSIFIED RATES OF WAGES PER HOUR
IN EACH YEAR, B Y CITIES, 1912 AND 1913— Continued.
CIGAR MANUFACTURING— Continued.
B U N C H M A K E R S , H A N D : M a le .
N um ber of employees earning each classified rate of wages per
hour.
Year and city.
N um
ber of
estab
lish
ments.
Aver
N um age
ber of rate of
em
wages U n
ployper der
hour.
9
cts.
25
30
40
20
18
50
10 12 14 16
and and and and and and and and and and 60
un un un un un un un un cts.
un
der der der der der der der der and
der
16 18
20 25 30 40 50 60 over.
10 12
cts. cts. cts. cts. cts. cts. cts. cts.
cts. cts.
9
and
un
der
1912.
B altim ore...
Chicago.........
C in cin n a ti...
D etroit..........
Lancaster___
New Y o r k ...
Philadelphia.
Other citie s..
T otal. .
51.$ .2312
21 O
j .3191
61
14
15
262
36
24
.2492
.3221
.1752
.2875
. 2590
.44
.2875
45
1,
2
2j
3
114
14 ;
191
40
1913.
Baltimore___
Chicago........
C in cin n a ti...
D etroit..........
Lancaster___
N ew Y o r k ...
Philadelphia
Other citie s..
46
240
53
12
9
T otal..
1
103
.2298
.3413
.2258
.3409
.1973
.2967
.2920
.4302
10
109
10
2
14
.3030
25
36
B U N C H M A K E R S , H A N D : F e m a le .
1912.
Baltimore___
Chicago.........
Cincinnati...
D etroit..........
L ancaster....
New Y o r k ...
Philadelphia,
T o ta l..
04
159 $0.1931
44 .2073:
198 . 2046
059 .2204
35 .1577
743 .2407
44 .2057
1,882
12
09
249
5
203
19
.2201 %
10
50
8:) 119
155i
203
25
174
10;.
43
133;
1
393
.
197;
19
20
1913.
Baltimore___
Chicago........
C incinnati...
Detroit.........
L ancaster...
N ew Y o r k ...
Philadelphia
142
42
145
613
24
714
50
T otal..
48 1,730
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
10
52
20
*"23
53
3
45
3
01
208
21
10 .
lj.
139|
5i.
11
27
141
4
170
13
.2339 .
143
566
393
232
21
. 2115
.2901
.2150
.2258
.2085
.2404
.2357
12
201
13
WAGES AND HOURS OF LABOR, 1911 TO 1913---- CIGARS.
75
T a b l e I I - — AVERAGE AND CLASSIFIED RATES OF WAGES PER HOUR
IN EACH YEAR, B Y CITIES, 1912 AND 1913— Continued.
CIGAR MANUFACTURING— Continued.
CIGAR M AKERS, HAND: Male.
N um ber of employees earning each classified rate of wages per
hour.
N um
ber of
estab
lish
ments.
A ver
N um
ber of age
rate
of
em
wages U n
ploy per der
ees. hour.
9
cts.
10
and
un
der
12
cts.
12
and
un
der
14
cts.
!
53 $0.2454
18
363 .4043
2
74 .3027
2
11, .3323
13
697 .3360
8
663 .2807
13; 2,139 .2932
lj
71 .2399
2
3
3
63| 4,071
.3071
12
Baltimore.............
C hicago.................
Cincinnati............
D etroit..................
N ew Y o r k ............
Philadelphia........
T am pa..................
Other cities..........
50
6!
450
18
21 117
2
15
700
13
8
500
13 2,120
72
1
.2702
.4183
.3520
.3310
.3395
.2941
.2927
.2727
T ota l..........
63 4,024
.3163
Year and city.
9
and
un
der
10
cts.
14
and
un
der
16
cts.
16
18 ! 20
25
30
40
50
and and ! and and and and and 60
un un i un- un un un un Cts.
der der ! der der der der der and
18
20 I 25
30
40
50
60 over.
cts. cts. cts. cts. cts. cts. cts.
1 9 13 .
B altim ore.. . . ___
Chicago.................
Cincinnati............
D etroit..................
N ew Y o r k ............
Philadelphia
T am pa...................
Other cities..........
T ota l..........
fi
4
2
4
1
2
5
10
1
6
17
25
3
15
20
50
5
21
59
93
3
1
5
3
1
1
18
40
92
10
12
7
13
146
32
8
272
236
742
8
1
135
6
1
142
29
181
37
9
89
148
456
18
11
26
16
1
117
163
560
26
31
2
13
*3
i"o
744
920 1,457
495
83
17
2
1
4
1
16
19
104
11
12
6
1
74
90
417
17
19
26
24
1
139
134
583
17
11
155
52
12
2~9
203
647
26
2
170
25
68
6
17
14
1
5
1 9 13 .
2
1
1
2
3
1
3
18
1
1
4
29
2
92
5
1
1
5
25
3G
128
10
V7
3i
150; 628
943 1,385
1
149
30
2
26
181
38
6
1 ........ ........
554
144
2
2
1
24
CIGAR MAKERS, HAND: Female.
19 13 .
Chicago.................
N ew Y ork .............
Philadelphia........
Tam pa...................
Other cities..........
5
5
4
13
3
6: $0.4372
22: .2869
86 .2475
270 . 2578
43 .1930
1
T otal..........
30
427
.2532
1
Chicago.................
New Y ork.............
Philadelphia........
T am pa..................
Other cities..........
5
5
4
13
3
15
17
66
270
40
.4008
.2776
.2329
.2569
.2221
T otal..........
30
408
.2558
1
3
1
1
2
7
3
9
7
8
11
6
1
4
10
19
25
7
4
6
6
2
11
14
2
13
13
5i
33
1
5
7
17
21
98
70
!
4
8
130 107j
1
7
22
1
12
80
14
3
5
5
7
51
6
1
2
1913.
1
1
2
2
1
5
ic .
7
6
23
3
29
32j
3
27
83
8,
12lj
2!
71
15|
68
11
103
5
73
12;
1
.....i.....
19;
i
2
1
1
B U L L E T IN
T able
OF
THE
BUREAU
OF
LABOR
S T A T IS T IC S .
II.—AVERAGE AND CLASSIFIED RATES OF WAGES PER HOUR
IN EACH YEAR, BY CITIES, 1912 AND 1913—Continued.
CIGAR MANUFACTURING— Continued.
P A C K E R S : M a le .
! Num ber of employees earning each classified rate of wages per
hour.
Year and city.
Aver
n u m N um
age
ber of ber of rate
of
! 9
estab em
wages L n- and
lish ploy per der un
ments. ees. hour.
der
10 12 | 14 ! 16
18
25
30
40
40 j
20
and and and and and and and ; and and and ; 60
un un un un un un un- ! un un un- : cts.
der der der der der der der I der der der ; and
10 12 14 16 18 20 25 30 i 40 50 60 over,
cts. cts. cts. cts. cts. cts. cts. cts. cts. cts. cts.
1912.
B altim ore...
Chicago........
Cincinnati....
L ancaster...
New Y o r k ...
Philadelphia.
T am pa.........
29
63
46
11
230
81
134
1.3000
. 5238
.3374
. 2(584.
. 4047;
.3830
. 0235
T o t a l-
594
. 4741;.
1913.
I
B altim ore...
Chicago........
C incinnati,..
Lancaster___
New Y o r k ...
Philadelphia
Tam pa.........
5
16
7
2
21
10
13
29:
63!
43|
10i
245j
64!
129:
.2894:
•o281 1
.3694'
. 2428:
. 4729j
. 3740
. 6065j
T otal..
74
583
. 4709.1.
8
19
1
10
2
12
6
1
40
34
'70
127:
140
T otal...
30
112|
.2200
504:
.2170
42
128
13
61!
12';
16
38!
1341
34'
87j
120
. 196'
.3764
.2415
.2074
.2229
. 1563
.2472
. 2362
2
,
2.
10
15
6
3!.
1
3!
C ........I.
4j
r.
28;
14
31..........
lo:
27j
5;
2;
162
50|
10
17
11
16.
20;
*1
*1
26]
62
56
13!.
1913.
Baltimore___
Chicago..........
Cincinnati___
D ayton..........
Detroit...........
Lancaster___
New Y ork ___
Philadelphia.
T otal...
36
502)
20
15
38
1912.
50 $0.2083
.3731
15 .2405
39 .2021
138 .2104
37 .1581
AS1 .2378
105
123
"oo
P A C K E R S : F e m a le .
Baltimore____
Chicago..........
Cincinnati___
D ayton ..........
Detroit...........
Lancaster____
New Y ork ___
Philadelphia.
123
j
.2 2 5 7 .... |
I.
1|.
15 .
20
20' .
3j_10|
7i
17j
18:
33;
121
54
60
ICO
90,
I
53;
I
10'.
S
113
W AGES
AND
HOURS
OF
L A B O R , 1 011
TO
77
1 9 1 3 ----- C I G A R S .
AVERAGE AND CLASSIFIED RATES OF WAGES PER HOUR
IN EACH YEAR, 13Y CITIES, 1912 AND 1913— Concluded.
T able I I .—
CIGAR MANUFACTURING— Concluded.
R O L L E R S , H A N D : M a le .
1
|
Year and city.
N um ber of employees earning eash classified rate of wages per
hour.
N u m -!N um Aver
ber of ber of age
10
estab-| em- rate of Un 9
lish- 'p loy - wages der and and
per
un un
m ents.! ees. hour.
9 der der
cts. 10 12
*
cts. cts.
j
12
and
un
der
14
cts.
14
and
un
der
16
cts.
18
16
20
25
30
40. 40
and and and and and and and 60
un un un un un un un cts.
der der der der der der der and
20
25
18
30
40
50
60 over.
cts. cts. cts. cts. cts. cts. cts.
1912.
0
8
5
Baltimore.............
Chicago.................
Cincinnati............
Detroit..................
Lancaster.............
New Y o r k ............
Philadelphia........
-Other cities..........
2
2
19
4
2
Total..........
94 $0.2009
219 .2938
53 .2251
5 .1882
10 .1790
038 .2989
85 .2710
18 .2257
48 1,122
2
j
1
. 28 ‘4
1
4
.. !
4'
0
8
5
2
2
19
4
2
Baltimore.............
Chicago.................
Cincinnati............
Detroit..................
Lancaster.............
New Y o r k ............
Philadelphia........
Other cities..........
Total...........
87
244
65
X
3
.2587
.3106
.2152
.2282
.3115
.2997
.2902
48 1 ,199j
.3011
59
10
25
30
— v — i
1
4
4
4
4
5
4
.2402
4
044:
124!
23j
11
0
11
11
1
1
24
5
38
62
11
20
87
3
7
140
28
4
255
27
23
45
20
2
4
133
21
10
1
205
20
2
73
4
13
2
289
337
87
14
2
31
61
13
18
120
2
1
26
1
!
!
1913.
2
1
1
3
0
5
3
2
1
1
18
2
4
1
.......
4
7
4
12
7
2
1
is:
1
12
1
27
2I
5
8
1
20
15
4
3
30
4
2
104
25
2
1
100
42
38]
220
1
229
30
11
90
13
9
1
1
315
417
13oj
11
1
21
20
48
159
3
18
9
53
4*
121
94
4
7
380
191
R O L L E R S , H A N D : F e m a le .
1
i1
!
Baltimore............. 1!
Chicago.................!!
Cincinnati............ <!
Detroit.................. ii
Lancaster............. ■!
New Y ork............ j
Philadelphia........:
Other cities..........!
1912.
0
8
5
7
2
17
o
2
!
Total...........
75 $0.2272
72 . 2044
252 . 2201
980 .2112
39 . 1021
500 .2415
04 . 2108
49 .2392
52 2.091
.2227
i
!
1
1
1
4
3
4 ! 20
10
l!
2
2
1
1
2:
3
___ !j___
0
45
6
15
1
9
81
13
8
30
X
27
5
4
74 138
j
29
0i!i io
o
3
18
17
38 122
119! 149 330
9
4i
40
CO 184
20
9
0
15
6
10
204ji 293
737
j
~
i
|
8i1
!
3i......
ioi!
1913.
i
j
|
0
8
5
Baltimore.............
Chicago.................
Cincinnati............
Detroit..................
Lancaster..............
New Y o r k ............
Philadelphia........
Other cities..........
Total
1
....
2
17
5
2
58
08
190
942
27
020
89
59
52 2,053
. 2302
.2792
.2349
.2112
.2045
.2457
.2534
.2533
1
.2297 * 1
1
1
2
2
3
1
5
71 108
1
15 24
2
4
1
15
120
5
52
1
3
4
3
10
104
4
04
12
0
25
15
8“
270
9
171
30
24
21
20
50
131
4
165
21
10
3
23
17
89
1
100
17
13
40
90 14£
199|| 213
037
428
269
34
1
10
1
i1
12'
2
V\
!
»i.....
@FedFRASER