Full text of Wages and Hours of Labor in the Automobile Tire Industry, 1923 : Bulletin of the United States Bureau of Labor Statistics, No. 358

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U. S. DEPARTMENT OF LABOR
JAMES J. DAVIS, Secretary

BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS
ETHELBERT STEWART, Commissioner

BULLETIN OF THE UNITED STATES ?
B U R E A U OF LA B O R S T A T IS T IC S )
W A G E S

AND

HOURS

OF

• • • •

LABOR

• No. 358
SERI ES

WAGES AND HOURS OF LABOR IN
THE AUTOMOBILE TIRE INDUSTRY




1923

APRIL, 1924

WASHINGTON
GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE
1924




ADDITION AL COPIES
OF THIS

PUBLICATION M AY BE PROCURED FROM

THE SUPERINTENDENT OF DOCUMENTS
GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE
WASHINGTON, D. C.
AT

10 CENTS P E R COPY

CONTENTS.

Page.

Introduction and summary______________________________________________
Importance of the industry____________________________________________
Regular or customary hours of operation________________________________
Reduction in wage rates since April 1, 1920_____________________________
Bonus systems__________________________________________________________
Rates for overtime and for work on Sundays and holidays______________
Number of days worked in one pay period_____________________________
General tables__________________________________________________________
Table A.— Average hours and earnings and classified full-time hours
per week, by occupation, sex, and district, 1923___________________
Table B.— Average number of days of work in occupation and num­
ber actually worked b y employees and average hours and earn­
ings, 1923, b y occupation, sex, length of pay period, and districtTable C.— Average and classified earnings per hour in selected occu­
pations, 1923, by sex and district_________ ______________________
Table D.— Number of employees in selected occupations working on
as many days as there was work in the occupation during the pay
period, classified by hours actually worked, 1923, by sex and districtTable E.— Number of employees in selected occupations working on
as many days as there was work in the occupation during the pay
period, classified by actual earnings, 1923, by sex and district_____
Occupations in the automobile tire industry______ ______________________
Glossary of terms found in the automobile tire industry_________________




hi

1-4
4 ,5
6 .7
7 .8
8 .9
9,10
10-14
15-53
16-25
26-39
40,41
42-47
48-53
54, 55
55-58




BULLETIN OF THE

U. S. BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS
no . 358

WASHINGTON

april , 1924

WAGES AND HOURS OF LABOR IN THE AUTOMOBILE TIRE
INDUSTRY, 1923.
INTRODUCTION AND SUM M ARY.

This report presents the results of a study of wages and hours of
labor in tne automobile tire industry in 1923.
The information compiled covers 22,535 male wage earners and
1,624 female wage earners working in 49 representative establish­
ments located in Connecticut, Indiana, Massachusetts, Michigan,
New Jersey, New York, Ohio, Pennsylvania, and Wisconsin.
Many o f the establishments canvassed were engaged in the manu­
facture of various rubber products. Data from these establishments
were confined to the automobile tire departments. Thus all of the
information herein contained relates to conditions of employees
engaged only in the manufacture of automobile tires and tubes.
The data were taken by agents of the bureau directly from the
March pay rolls and other records of 33 establishments; the April
records of 6 establishments; the May records of 6 establishments;
and the June records of 4 establishments. The mass of information,
therefore, shows average conditions as of March, 1923.
The tables show earnings per hour, full time or customary hours
per week; hours and days actually worked, and earnings actually
received in the representative pay period taken. These figures are
shown b y occupation, sex, and district.
The report also presents other pertinent information concerning
the industry.
A summary of average full-time hours per week, average earnings
per hour, average full-time earnings per week, and per cent of em­
ployees whose full-time hours per week fall under each classified
group for each occupation ana for all occupations combined are
shown in Table 1. T he group “ Other employees” includes em­
ployees in occupations having too few in number to warrant a separate
classification. It will be observed at the end of the table that the
average earnings per hour are $0,741 for males and $0,460 for females;
that the average full-time earnings per week are $36.75 for males
and $22.54 for females; that the average full-time hours per week
are 49.6 for males and 49 for females; and that the full-time hours
of 36 per cent of all employees are 48 per week.
An inspection of the figures for the several occupations shows
that the average earnings per hour of males range from $0,514 for
laborers to $0,912 for calender men, and of females from $0,435 for
splicers of tubes to $0,563 for finishers and treaders, cord tires.




1

table

1.—AVERAGE HOURS AND EARNINGS AND CLASSIFIED FULL-TIME HOURS PER W EEK, B Y OCCUPATION AND SEX, 1923.

Air baggers: Male.................................................
Assemblers:
Male....................................................................
Eftiuaift-,...........................................................
Bead makers:
Male........................... .......................................
Female........................................................... r.
Beads, other employees:
Male....................................................................
Female..............................................................
Bias-cutter operators: Male.................................
Bias cutters' helpers: Male..................................
Buffers, tubes: M ale..
..............................T_

Buildera and finishers: I^aIa
Builders or ■piairera^nnrd tires* TWele
Builders or makers, fahrin tires: Male

Calender m en: Male..............................................
Calender men. first: Male.....................................
Calender m en's helpers: Male..............................
Compounders: Male.... .......................................
Curers, beads: Male...............................................
Curers, tires: Male....................
Curers,tubes: M ale...
Finishers and treaders, cord tires:
M ale.............................
.....................

Bernale
,
’EMnisher.s and t.reador<o fahfie tirep* "Male

Finishers, tubes:
*
Male....................................................................

Bemale

Laborers: Male.......................................................
M illmen: M a le .......................................................
Bimmers: Male___
-- - ................. .......

Skivers tubes:

Splicers, tubes:

Male.

...............................................

Female..............................................................




42

292

$0,843

Average
Average
full­
full­
time
time
earn­
hours
Un­
ings
per
der
per
week.
40.
week.

$41.56

763
396

.670
.498

33.57
24.10

50.1
48.4

42
16

204
96

.636
.466

32.31
22.69

50.8
48.7

43
10
49
47
35
31
35
31
47
45
47
48
43
49
34

466
78
149
342
140
1,043
3,056
404
222
231
662
333
298
1,651
108

.649
.513
.732
.608
.734
.893
.900
.874
.912
.776
.674
.685
.780
.869
.709

32.77
24.37
36.60
30.64
36.92
43.13
43.38
42.39
46.33
39.27
33.77
34.73
40.17
42.75
35.88

50.5
47.5
50.0
50.4
50.3
48.3
48.2
48.5
50.8
50.6
50.1
50.7
51.5
49.2
50.6

37
3
29

1,406
27
599

.866
.563
.840

41.31
28.15
41.08

47.7
50.0
48.9

28
10
49
49
38
25

209
45
1,604
1,397
313
57

.786
.439
.514
.735
.834
.700

38.75
22.83
26.52
36.97
40.28
35.07

49.3
52.0
51.6
50.3
48.3
50.1

31
2

158
9

.756
.435

36.82
21.58

48.7
49.6

40

Over
40
and
under
45.

18

49.3

44
22

Per cent of employees whose full-time hours per week were—

2

3
2

0)
4
2
2
2
0
0
0

2

4

10
34

1

42

26
13

4
3

3

26
49

2
4

14
11

6
4

0
14

3
21
7
2
6
3
8
7
5
6
3
0
3
1
2

9
10
18
19
15
7
16
. 26
13
13
9
4
10
2
12

5

0

3
6
1
4
2
2
2
2
1
2
1
2

12
100
23

1
6

2
27
5
5
4
15
4
10
5
7
6
4
1
7
10

8
4
1
1
1
3
3
12
1

32
35
19
27
29
46
28
19
32
33
35
53
41
41
25

13

8

9

35

6

12

7

6

24

9

4

12

8

7

4
4
4
2

1
3
2
4

44
24
27
50
53
32

3

3

8

44
22

8

2
2
18
7
6

3
7
1
6
3
0

0
W7
2
2

4

i

l

8
7
16
7
3
9
11
78

0

55

Over
55
60
and
under
60.

12

0

8
7

6

3
4
5

2

54

16
26

7
18

4
3
5
3
13
13
3
3
3

50

Over
50
and
under
54.

2

0

2

2
0

5

48

Over
48
and
under
50.

5

3
14
8

0

45

Over
45
and
under
48.

1
1
1

1
1
0)
1
1

23
13
34

3

7

5

2

31

5

28
25
29
13
15
15
28
26
28
22
16
5
32

T
2
3
2
3
2
4
4
3
2
1
3
5

2

10

4

15

4

2
5
2
1

21
47
28
18
10
33

6
3
2
7

12

4

1

1

5
0
2

0

2
13
1

Over
60.

1

0
1
1

2
3

4
3
4
4
15
7
2

1
1
1
2
3
7
3

0

3
6
2

3
2
3

WAGES AND HOURS IN AUTOMOBILE TIRE INDUSTRY,

Occupation and sox.

Average
earn­
Estab­ Em­
lish­ ployees. ings
per
ments.
hour.

b©

275
145
198
235
136
1,075
92
96
260
237

.856
.839
.764
.862
.668
.683
.650
.738
.733
.745

41.17
39.60
37.59
40.69
33.47
33.88
33.02
37.79
36.36
36.95

48.1
47.2
49.2
47.2
50.1
49.6
50.8
51.2
49.6
49.6

31
3

114
5

.694
.521

34.42
24.64

49.6
47.3

49
37

5,565
968

.680
.437

33.86
21.50

49.8
49.2

0)
0)

A ll occupations:
Male........................................................
FATna?ft

49
39

22,535
1,624

.741
.460

36.75
22.54

49.6
49.0

0

A ll occupations: Male and female...........

49

24,159

.722

35.74

49.5

Tmp.lrfirs: M ale......................................................

__

Tube-roaeMne operators* Mata
r
'PQ^MmljArs! Mdjp
Tube wrappers: Mata
...........
Valve inserters:
......................
Mala
17oma1o
Other employees:
M ale..................................................................
'Female
- - - T- - __

1Less than 1 per cent.




25
20
8
20
10
4
2
2
7
6

0

7
4
|..........
1
1

7
6

1
2
1
0

5
12
2
6
11
6
10
7
9
3

2

6
9

43
52
36
59
29
43
36
30
24
31

7
2
6

2
2
2
1
5
4

2
6
15
2
13
8
10
15
17
13

9

2

9
6
20
6
14
16
32
33
20
26

1
2
9
3
1
3
5
0

3
1
3
0

4
6
3
5
7
7

23

3

16
12

4

7

2
2

0)
6

17
12

4

2

1

17

4

4

4
20

11
20

26
60

6

16

2
3

6
17

4
1

41
32

3
10

12
15

2
2

.0

1
3

6
21

4
1

37
31

4
9

12
16

2

7

4

36

4

12

4
3

4
1

2
1
2
3
2

1
7
1
1
1

2

2

-—,n-2

3

-2

2

INTRODUCTION AND SUMMARY,

39
21
35
29
36
41
33
40
38
35

Co

4

WAGES AND HOURS IN AUTOMOBILE TIRE INDUSTRY.

Table 2 shows for each of 10 representative occupations, the num­
ber of establishments and employees, average earnings per hour,
and the per cent of employees whose earnings per hour fall in each
classified group.
Data are shown for males in all, and for females in 2, of the 10
selected occupations. The males in these particular occupations
represent 45 per cent of the total number oi males covered by the
study, and the females represent 26 per cent of the total number of
females. The males and females combined represent 44 per cent of
all employees (24,159) covered.
T able 2 . —A V E R A G E AN D CLASSIFIED E A R N IN G S P ER H O U R OF EM PLO YEES IN
SELECTED O CCUPATIONS, B Y S E X , 1923.
Per cent of employees whose earnings per hour
were—
Aver­
age
Estab­ Em­ earn­
30 35
lish­ ploy­
ings
Un­ and and
ments. ees.
per der un­ un­
hour. 30 der der
cts. 35 40
cts. cts.

Occupation and sex.

Assemblers:
Male...........................................
Female......................................
Builders and finishers: Male___
Builders or makers, cord tires:
M ale..............................................
Builders or makers, fabric tires:
M ale..............................................
Curers, tires: Male..........................
Finishers and treaders, cord
tires:
Male...........................................
Female.......................................
Finishers and treaders, fabric
tires: M ale...................................
Laborers: Male...............................
Millmen: M ale................................
Tube rollers: Male.........................

44
763 10.670
22
.498
396
31 1,043
.893

0)
4

2
10

2
9

40
and
un­
der
50
cts.

50
and
un­
der
60
cts.

60
and
un­
der
70
cts.

70
and
un­
der
80
cts.

14
21
(i)

20
39
3

15
14
8

21
1
16

21
1
24

4
(!)
24

24

i

1

2

8

14

18

36

18

2

80
and 90 $1 $1.25
un­ cts. and and
der and un­ un­
90 un- der der
cts. $1. $1.25 $1.50

2

35 1,056

.900

404
31
49 1,651

.874
.869

0)

0)
(i)

0)
2

5
5

10
11

16
25

21
14

36
16

11
25

2
1

37 1,406
27
3

.866
.563

0)

0)
4

1
15

7
44

9
30

12
7

18

35

15

1

599
29
49 1,604
49 1,397
38
260

.840
.514
.735
.733

0 ) G)
4 11
1
G)
1
(1>

1
44
5
6

7
18
15
14

16
12
16
28

17
5
18
13

17
4
38
21

27
3
6
10

14
0)
1
7

0)
0)

1
0)

1 Less than 1 per cent.

IM PORTANCE OP THE INDUSTRY.

The automobile tire industry, like the automobile industry, is com­
paratively new. It has been less than 25 years since the first auto­
mobile was sold, and as the automobile industry is the controlling
factor of the tire industry thev both have experienced phenomenal
growth. Indeed, the first “ cultivated rubber, consisting of 4 tons,
was marketed in 1900. Before 1900 the rubber industry of the whole
world depended on “ wild rubber,” which averages about 40,000
tons annually. In 1922 approximately 320,000 tons of “ cultivated”
and 17,000 tons of “ wild rubber” were imported into the United
States, which indicates the enormous expansion of the industry in
this country.
N o definite figures are available to show the actual changes for
automobile tires alone. However, the United States Census of
Manufactures, 1919, shows figures lor the industrial group “ rubber
tires, tubes, and other rubber goods ” in which the value of rubber
tires and tubes produced was 65 per cent in 1914 and 76 per cent in
1919 of the value of products for the total group. The above group




IMPORTANCE OF THE INDUSTRY.

5

does not include establishments whose principal products are rubber
belting, hose, and boots and shoes. The importance of the automo­
bile tire industry is necessarily dependent upon the automobile in­
dustry, and according to the United States Census of Manufactures
it is shown that between 1909 and 1914 there was a 68 per cent in­
crease in the number of wage earners in the automobile industry
while there was an 89 per cent increase in the number in the census
group “ rubber tires, tubes, and other rubber goods.77 Between 1914
and 1919 there was an increase in the number of wage earners of 170
per cent in the automobile industry, while in “ rubber tires, tubes,
and other rubber goods77 the number increased 139 per cent.
This report is compiled from data from the records of establish­
ments manufacturing cord tires, fabric tires, solid tires, and tubes^
and covers the wage earners through all the processes of manufacture
from those unloading the material and supplies to those loading the
finished product for shipment, and excepts only executive employees,
clerks, power-house employees, and employees engaged in tne con­
struction and repair of buildings.
Data for a few large establishments are for only a part of the total
number of wage earners in such establishments because inclusion of the
total number would tend to give undue weighting to those establish­
ments and therefore would impair the representative character of the
averages, especially for the districts in which such similar large estab­
lishments are located.
In selecting establishments from which to obtain data the bureau
undertook to represent all geographical districts in which the auto­
mobile tire industry is of material importance, the measure of impor­
tance being the number of wage earners as reported by the United
States Census of Manufactures for the group of establishments whose
principal products were rubber tires, tubes, and other rubber goods.
The data are presented in this report by districts because the figures
compiled for several States were of such a nature as would reveal the
identity of the establishments from which they were obtained. It
was found that, by grouping the States, those whose averages were
nearly coincident formed geographical units, and in so doing the
resultant district averages are approximately the same as the average
for each State included in the district. Table 3 shows the number
of establishments in each district from which the data were obtained
in 1923, the number of wage earners in such establishments, average
earnings per hour, average full-time earnings, and average full-time
hours per week for all wage earners in each district.
Average full-time hours per week were computed by dividing the
total full-time hours of all employees in the occupation by the number
of employees in the occupation during the pay period covered. The
full-time hours of each employee were considered in arriving at this
average, even though some employees worked more or less than full
time on account of overtime, sickness, disability, or some other cause.
Average full-time earnings per pay period for employees of each
occupation were computed by multiplying the average earnings per
hour of all employees in the occupation by the average full-time hours
er pay period. This assumes tnat the earnings for full time would
ave been at the same average rate per hour as during the time that
was actually worked in the pay period covered.

E

77479°—24---- 2



6

WAGES AND HOURS IN AUTOMOBILE TIRE INDUSTRY.
REGULAR OR CUSTOMARY HOURS OF OPERATION.

The regular or customary full-time hours per pay period are the
hours during which, under normal conditions, employees may expect
work.
The extent to which employees avail themselves of this opportunity
is indicated in the comparison of u average full-time hours per pay
period” with “ average hours actually worked in one pav period,”
which averages are shown in parallel columns in General Table 6 ,
pages 26 to 39, for all occupations in the industry. The average in
one column shows the possible hours of work in one pay period under
normal conditions, while the other column shows the average of the
hours actually worked.
While Table 1, pages 2 and 3, shows the per cent of employees in
each classified group of regular or customary full-time hours per week,
Table A, pages 16 to 25, snows the number of employees within each
district and in all districts combined. Data on line 1 are for Akron,
Ohio, and the other districts follow in the order of importance as
determined by the number of wage earners.
Average full-time hours per week, by districts, range from 48.2 for
the 9,746 wage earners covered in Akron to 55.1 for the 2,010 wage
earners covered in Indiana and Wisconsin. Average earnings per
hour range from $0,567 for the 2,010 wage earners covered in Indiana
and Wisconsin to $0,835 for the 9,746 wage earners covered in Akron,
and average full-time earnings per week range from $31.24 in Indiana
and Wisconsin to $40.25 in Akron.
Table 3 .—N U M BER OF ESTABLISH M EN TS A N D OF W A G E EAR N ER S IN TH E AUTOM O­
B ILE T IR E IN D U STR Y FOR W H ICH 1023 D ATA AR E PR ESEN TED IN TH IS R E P O R T,
A V E R A G E E A R N IN G S, A N D A V E R A G E F U L L -T IM E H O U R S, B Y DISTRICTS.

District.

Akron (Ohio)........................................................................
Connecticut, Massachusetts, and New York................
Ohio (except Akron) and Michigan................................
New Jersey and Pennsylvania.........................................
Indiana and Wisconsin......................................................
A ll districts combined............................................. '

Estab­
lish­
ments.

Average Average
full-time full-time
earnings hours per
per week. week.

Wage
earners.

Average
earnings
per hour.

7
12
11
12
7

9,746
4,376
4,017
4,010
2,010

$0,835
.649
.709
.614
.567

$40.25
31.87
34.88
31.25
31.24

48.2
49.1
49.2
50.9
55.1

49

24,159

.722

35.74

49.5

These figures are for wage earners in representative establish­
ments* It is therefore assumed that the averages at least approxi­
mate averages as they would have been had data been taken lor all
employees m the industry in each district and in all districts com­
bined.
The majority of wage earners in this industry are pieceworkers,
with their average earnings per hour dependent upon the number of
jobs or pieces they complete in a specified time. The industry has
not yet passed the experimental stage, hence there are many methods
used in building and curing the tires. Each method is constantly
being improved, mainly by use of better machinery. Each improve­
ment as a rule results in decreased piece rates. These decreases, how­
ever, seldom reduce the average hourly earning capacity of the
individual. Indeed, a well-known tire manufacturer stated that,




REDUCTION IN WAGE RATES.

7

“ due to the refinements in the industry, employees are able to earn
more than ever before. ”
The average earnings per hour for employees of each occupation,
as presented in the various tables of this report, were computed by
dividing the total earnings of all employees in the occupation during
the pay period covered by the total hours worked by all employees
in the occupation.
The regular or customary hours per day under normal conditions
of 53 per cent of the employees covered remain the same from
Monday to Friday and differ on Saturday and the hours per day
of 47 per cent remain the same from Monday to Saturday, inclusive.
The hours per day of over 96 per cent of the employees range from 8
to 10 Monday to Friday, and from 4| to 8 on Saturday.
Between April 1, 1920, and the period covered in 1923 the regular
or customary full-time hours per week of 7 establishments were
changed, the hours of 42 establishments remaining the same through­
out the period or for that part of the period during which they were
in operation. The only establishment which made a reduction
changed from 50 to 48 hours per week. The full-time hours of one
establishment were increased from 44 to 55 hours per week; of one
from 45 J to 5 5 of one from 48 to 50; of one from 48 to 55; and of
one from 50 to 55. The full-time hours per week of one establish­
ment were increased from 45 to 55, and later were reduced to a
48-hour basis.
REDUCTION IN WAGE RATES SINCE APRIL 1, 1920.

Forty of the 49 establishments for which data are presented made
one or more changes in wage rates between April 1, 1920, and the
period for which 1923 data are shown. All changes in Table 4 are
general changes except eight, which were accomplished by individual
changes from time to time. Twenty-one changes were increases
and one establishment gave an increase to machine builders, cord
tires, and made a reduction to the hand builders of cord tires. The
increases ranged from 4 per cent to 50 per cent, and one establish­
ment gave a general increase of 5 cents per hour. The decreases
ranged from 5.5 per cent to 63 per cent, and two establishments made
reductions over a period of time by individual changes which left the
level of rates 50 per cent below that of April 1, 1920. Several of
these decreases, however, followed installation of better equipment or
change of method, and although the wage rates were reduced, it was
usually possible for the wage earner to earn as much or more in a
given time than before the change.




8

WAGES AND HOURS IN AUTOMOBILE TIRE INDUSTRY.

T able 4 .—CHANGE IN W AG E RATES OF EM PLOYEES IN THE AUTOMOBILE TIRE
IN D U STRY IN TH E U N ITED STATES BE TW E E N A P R IL X, 1920, AND THE PERIOD
COVERED B Y TH E 1923 STU DY.
Per cent of increase ( + ) or decrease (—) in
wage rates.

Num­
ber of
estab­
lish­
ments.

8
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
<1
1
1
1
1
1
1
79

Employees affected.
First
change.
All employees.....................................................
....... d o "................................................................
....... do..................................................................
....... do..................................................................
....... do..................................................................
.......do..................................................................
....... do..................................................................
.......do..................................................................
____do..................................................................
.......do..................................................................
____ do..................................................................
....... do..................................................................
....... do..................................................................
....... do..................................................................
....... do..................................................................
....... do..................................................................
....... do..................................................................
. ..d o ..................................................................
....... do..................................................................
.......do..................................................................
.......do..................................................................
.......do..................................................................
.......do..................................................................
.......do..................................................................
.......do..................................................................
Builders and vulcanizers...................................
Builders.........................................................
Builders-—
male........ ...............................................
female......................................................
cord, machine...................... .................
cord, hand...............................................
Piece workers................................................
Day workers............................ .....................
do...........................................................

Second
change.

Third
change.

Fourth
change.

-1 0
+10
-1 2
-2 0
-6
-5 *
-1 0
-2 0
-2 0
-1 0
-4 3
-2 5
-2 5
-2 0
- 12!
+8
-1 0
-1 0
3 —121
8 —15
8 -2 0
8 -2 3
8 -5 0
+50
+ 15
-1 0
+ 14
+9
+4
-1 5
-2 0
-1 0
(6)

+4
-1 0
-1 0
-9
+ 10
+10
-1 5
-1 2
-2 0
-1 0
-1 0
- 12!
+10
-1 0

+15

-1 0
+5
-1 0
!+ 7
+12
+ 10
-1 0
-1 2
-1 0
0)
(2)

+9

+10
+6
+10

6+9

-1 0

3+10

1 Individual reductions from time to time since second change have reduced wage rates to the level which
prevailed after first change, or 10 per cent below the rates of April 1, 1920.
2 Individual increasesfrom time to time since second change have restored the wage level which prevailed
after first change.
s This change was the result of individual changes from time to time.
* Opened after being closed with wage rates 66§ per cent below those of April 1, 1920.
6 A'fifth increase (9 per cent) was made which raised the wage rates to approximately 74 per cent of the
rates of April 1, 1920.
6 Increase of 5 cents per hour.
^No change, except one establishment, which increased the hiring rate 15 per cent.

BONUS SYSTEMS.

Fifteen of the 49 establishments had bonus or premium systems
in operation all or part of the time between April 1, 1920, and the
period covered by this study, by which the earnings of wage earners
were increased by the addition of a specified amount or per cent of
their earnings at regular time or piece rates. Thirteen of the 49
establishments had bonus systems m operation when the 1923 data
were obtained. Thirty-four establishments did not have bonus or
premium systems at any time between April 1, 1920, and the period
covered by this study.
Bonus and premium systems are based on attendance, earnings,
efficiency or production, night work, or service.
Attendance bonus.

Four establishments had bonus systems based on attendance all or
a part of the time that there was work in the establishment for the



KATES FOB' OVERTIME AND SUNDAYS AND HOLIDAYS.

9

wage earners during the pay period. One establishment paid 10 per
cent extra to all wage earners who were not absent unless excused for
certain causes. Two establishments paid 10 per cent extra to all
wage earners who had perfect attendance. One establishment paid
$5 extra per pay period (one-half month) if an employee worked at
least five hours each day in the pay period. However, allowances and
exceptions for certain causes are made. All of these systems were in
operation when the 1923 data were taken.
Earnings bonus.

Seven establishments had bonus systems whereby each employee
received 10 per cent o f his earnings extra. This bonus system was
put in operation in five of the seven establishments early in 1923. In
one establishment it was in operation during the entire period covered
by this study and in another was discontinued July 1, 1920.
Efficiency or production bonus.

One of the 16 establishments had a bonus system based on efficiency
or production. This system is based on the amount of work completed
in a specified time. Example: The standard of the system is 60 points
per houror480pointsineighthours. A ttheendof the day an employee
may have completed enough work to give him 608 points, or 128 points
extra. His base rate is 60 cents per hour, making the limit cost per
point 1 cent. The 128 points extra equals $1.28, of which the employee
received one-fourth, or 32 cents, making his earnings for the day $5.12.
The balance of the $1.28 is divided among the foremen, assistant fore­
men, and other supervisors who can not be included on a direct pro­
duction basis. This system was in operation when the 1923 data
Were collected.
Night-work bonus.

Two of the 16 establishments had bonus systems whereby wage
earners’ earnings were increased for working at night or on night
shifts. One of the two establishments paid 5 per cent additional on
the earnings at regular rates. The other increased the earnings of all
wage earners in the tire room by the addition of 10 per cent of their
earnings at regular rates, while wage earners in the mill room received
15 per cent additional for night work. The system of the second
establishment was discontinued in November, 1922.
Service bonus.

One establishment has a bonus system based on length of con­
tinuous service. Each wage earner received $1 extra per week after
one year of service; $1.50 per week after two and one-half years’
service; $2 per week extra after five years’ service; and $2.50 per week
extra after ten years’ service. This system was in operation when the
1923 data were obtained.
RATES FOR OVERTIME AND FOR WORK ON SUNDAYS AND HOLIDAYS.

Between April 1, 1920, and the period for which 1923 data are
presented only 15 of the 49 establishments covered paid all or a part
of their employees more than regular rates for time worked over and
above the regular or customary full-time hours per day or week or
for work on Sundays and holidays. Thirty-four establishments paid
the regular or single rate for overtime and for work on Sundays and
holidays.



WAGES AND HOURS IN AUTOMOBILE TIRE INDUSTRY.

10

5 .—ESTABLISHMENTS PAYING FOR OVERTIME AND FOR W O R K ON SUNDAYS
AND HOLIDAYS, EM PLOYEES EN TITLED TO SUCH PA Y, PERIOD, AND R A TE .

T able

Num­
ber of
estab­
lish­
ments.

34

1
1
i7
1
1
1
1
1
1

Times regular rate
for—
Employees entitled.

All employees...
____do.................
____do.................
____do.................
___ do.................
___ do.................
____do.................
____do.................
____do.................
___ do.................
___ do.................
____do.................
Day workers....
Night workers...
Time employees.

Period during which employees were entitled to
extra pay.

Over­
time.

Apr. 1,1920, to date of this study.
___ do.............................................
.......do.............................................
.......do.............................................
.......do.............................................
Apr. 1,1920, to Nov. 1,1921..........
Nov. 1,1921, to May 1, 1923..........
May 1,1923, to date of this study
Apr. 1, 1920, to Apr. 10,1921.......
Apr. 10,1921, to Deo. 1,1921.......
Dec. 1,1921, to date of this stud y.
Apr. 1,1920, to July 1,1920..........
Apr. 1,1920, to date of this study
____do..............................................
____do.............................................

Sundays
and holi­
days.

1

2U

i*

1
1

P

2

i*
1
1

1 Including one establishment which pays 50 per cent extra for Saturday afternoon.
2 For involuntary service; straight time for voluntary service.
* After 10 hours.
4 After 12 hours.

NUMBER OF DAYS WORKED IN ONE PAY PERIOD.

Table 6 shows for 10 representative occupations average and
specified number of days of work in the occupation and days worked
by employees during the pay period for which data are presented in
this report. The data are presented in two sections. The first sec­
tion relates to establishments in which employees are paid weekly
and the second section to establishments in which employees are
paid biweekly or semimonthly.
Days of work in the occupation means the number of calendar
days or parts of days on which there was work for the occupa­
tion as a whole. Any part of a day worked is counted a day for
the purpose of this table.
The average number of days of work in the occupation was obtained
by weighting the number of days on which there was work in the
occupation in each establishment by the number of employees of each
establishment, without regard to the actual days worked by indi­
vidual employees.
The average number of days worked by employees in the occupa­
tion is a simple average, obtained by dividing the aggregate number
of days on which some work was done by the total number of
employees in the occupation.
Reading line 1 of the first section of the table, it is seen that for
the occupation “ Assemblers, m a le/7 data are presented for 28 estab­
lishments having a weekly pay period; that the average number of
possible days of work in the occupation in one pay period is 5.9 days;
that employees of four establishments had opportunity to work but
five days in the occupation ; and that employees of 24 establishments
had opportunity to work six days during the week. Continuing on
the same line, it is seen that there were 556 employees in the occu­
pation in the 28 establishments; that the average number of days




NUMBER OF DAYS WORKED IN ONE PAY PERIOD.

11

on which work was done by them was 5.5; that 6 of the 556 employees
worked on one day during the pay period; that 11 worked on two days;
that 7 worked on three days; that 27 worked on four days; that
138 worked on five days; that 367 worked on six days, and that none
worked on more than six days.
In each occupation the average days on which employees worked
is less than the average days of work in the occupation, due to the
fact that some employees did not work the entire time that there was
work for them in the occupation.
It will also be noted that individual employees worked more days
than there was work for the occupation as a whole. Thus on line 6
in the first section of the table four curers, tires, male, are shown as
having worked on 7 days although there was work for the occupation
as a whole for not more than 6 days. These four employees worked
on Sunday when there was no work for other employees in the occu­
pation.




T able 6 .—AVERAGE AND SPECIFIED DAYS OF WORK IN OCCUPATION, AND AVERAGE AND SPECIFIED DAYS ON WHICH EMPL6YEES
W ORKED, 1923, B Y LENGTH OF P A Y PERIOD AND OCCUPATION.

to

O N E-W EEK PAY PERIOD.

Assemblers" M"aJa
__ ___ - A.ssembler''" t'pmflip.
"Builders end
a/TaIp
BuilderS nr makers, nnrd tires: Male.
Builders AfTyialrers fahrie tires* Male
Curers, tires: Male
..................................
T?inicVipra
and trpaders
eord
Male . ••
T
lHLollcl o aiiu
11odUvi w
iu tires*
wucoi iviaic
T
iQVi£>rQ
nnrri tllCOt T
Ip*
F?in
ilUoIlui
&onH
ctliU, tiwirtarQ
tlodUEiwlU
1^ptha
CU-ldlC
Finishers and treaders, fabric tires: Male..
Laborers: Male
.......................................
Milbnen: Male .
..................................
r£'\'l'|-»Arrkllors" Atale




Estab­
lish­
ments.

28
15
20
20
19
30
21
3
18
30
30
22

5.9
5.9
5.8
5.7
5,7
5.8
5.8
5. 8
5.8
6.0
5.9'
5.8

Number of establishments
in which days of work
in occupation in pay
period were—
7

6

5
4
4
2
4
3
1
1
3
1
4

24
15
16
18
15
27
20
2
15
29
29
18

1

Average Number of employees in occupation who in pay period worked
specified number of days.
number
of days
Employ­ on which
employees
ees.
worked
5
6
7
1
2
3
4
in pay
period.
" 556
322
578
759
299
1,136
1 059
27
479
1,155
1,067
185

5.5
5.5
5.5
5.6
5.4
5.5
5.5
5.3
5.4
5.6
5.6
5.5

6
4
3
1
1
5
2
1
3
17
15

11
4
1
4
2
16
6
1
13
25
12
4

7
15
10
15
7
28
20

27
16
25
18
18
64
45

12

31
51
45
11

29
8
1

138
61
182
238
104
324
293
9
146
157
182
55

367
222
357
482
167
695
693
16
274
846
804
114

1
4

30
1

WAGES AND HOURS IN AUTOMOBILE TIRE INDUSTRY,

Occupation and sex.

Average
number
of days
of work
in occu­
pation
m pay
period.

Occupation and sex.

Assemblers: Male............................
Assemblers: Female........................
Builders and finishers: Male...........
Builders or makers, cord tires: Male.
Builders or makers, fabric tires:
Male..............................................
Curers, tires: Male...........................
Finishers or treaders, cord tires:
Male..............................................
Finishers and treaders, fabric tires:
Male..............................................
Laborers: Male.................................
Millmen: Male..................................
Tube rollers: Male...........................




Es­
tab­
lishments

Average
Average Number of establishments in which
number
number
da vs nf work in occunation in nav
of days
of days
period were—
Em­ on
which
of work
ploy­ employees
in occuees.
pation
worked
in pay
in pay
12 13
11
14
9 10
15
period.
period.

Number of employees in occupation who in pay period worked
specified number of days.

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

13

207
74
465
297

3
10.9
11.3
11.9
11.2 * 2

5
1
2
2

4

1
1
3

2
1
4
2

4
2
1
6 *4
7
1

6
3
7

11
4
15
13

27 46
3 26
42 112
33 91

30

2
2

22 43
1
23
67 147
66 14

4
8 ‘' 6

6
21

7
15 47
51 115 112

12
93

10
78
25

14

1

4
3
2
4

2
2
4
4

2
2
1
5

3
1

11.7
12.2

1
1

5
3

2
7

3
2

1
6

105
515

11.0
11.4

1

2

5

4

2

4
15

16

11.8

1

6

2

3

4

347

10.7

2

1

4

5

2

7

5

16

20

53 113

58

38

11
19
19
16

11.5
13.0
12.3
12.3

2

4
]
3
2

2
4
6
6

1
2
3
3

2
11
5
5

120
449
330
75

9.9
11.0
11.4
11.3

2
7
2

2
8
3

3
5

5
11

2
19

5
19
6
3

2
9
5
2

6
16
10
3

6
10
12
2

21
19
41
8

13
99
80
19

10 11
56 127
60 43
12 10

16
7
11
15

12.4
12.2
13.0
12.1

12
19

1

1

2

7
1

i

32
44
60
15

7

53
57

15

16

4
3 *—
3 *

2

2

1
1

NUMBER OF DAYS WORKED IN ONE FAY PERIOD,

■tz—omu

TWO WEEKS OR HALF-MONTH PAY PERIOD.

09

14

WAGES AND HOURS IN AUTOMOBILE TIRE INDUSTRY,

Table 7 shows for each district and for all districts combined
average and classified days of operation during the year ending
March 31, 1923.
The days of operation of 46 of the 49 establishments ranged from
217 to 308 and the average for all was 294 days. The average by
districts ranged from 290 for Connecticut, Massachusetts, and New
York to 302 for Akron. Twenty-seven establishments worked as
many as 300 days and one establishment worked only 217 days.
Data for one establishment were not available and two establish­
ments began operations early in 1923. Data for these three estab­
lishments are not included in this table.
T able 7. —AVER AG E AN D CLASSIFIED D A Y S OF O PER ATIO N D U R IN G Y E A R EN D IN G
M ARCH 31, 1923, B Y DISTR ICTS.

Number of establishments whose days
of operation were—
Average
Estab­ days of
lish­
operation
272 285 291 300
ments.
in one
217 249 255 264 to
year.
to
to
to
277. 289. 299. 308.

District.

7

302

Akron.................................................................
Connecticut, Massachusetts, and New
York................................................................
Ohio (except Akron) and Michigan.............
New Jersey and Pennsylvania.....................
Indiana and Wisconsin.............. ..................

110
11
12
26

290
295
293
295

1

All districts combined............................

8 46

294

1

1

2
1

3

1

2

5

2
1
1

4
1
1

2
7
9
4

4

8

27

1

1

1

1

1 Not including 2 establishments that began business early in 1923.
2 Not including 1 establishment for which records were not available.
8 Not including 2 establishments that began business early in 1923 and 1 establishment for which records
were not available.

The difference between the average days of operation (294) and
the possible full-time of 313 week days was due, as shown in Table 8,
to the 46 establishments as a whole having been closed an average
of 3 Saturdays, 6 holidays, 2 days for inventory, 6 days on account
of slack business, and 2 days for other causes.
T able 8 .—A V ER AG E NUM BER OF D A Y S OF O PER ATIO N AN D OF D A Y S ID L E ON AC­
COUNT OF SPECIFIED CAUSES D U R IN G Y E A R EN D IN G M ARCH 31,1923, B Y DISTR ICTS.

District.

Average days idle during year on account of—
E s- Days of
oper­
tablish- ation in Satur­
Slack
Other
Sun­
Holi­ Inven­
ments. year.
tory. business. causes.
day.
day.
day.

Akron.......................................................
Connecticut, Massachusetts and
New Y ork...........................................
Ohio (except Akron) and Michigan..
N#vw Jersey and Pennsylvania______
Indiana and Wisconsin........................

7

302

52

6

3

1

110
11
12
26

290
295
293
295

5
4
2 J

52
52
52
52

8
6
6
6

3
3
3

7
4
7
9

6
1

Total..............................................

8 46

294

3

52

6

2

6

2

2

1 Not including 2 establishments that began operation early in 1923.
2 Not including 1 establishment for which records were not available.
8 Not including 2 establishments that began business early in 1923 and 1 establishment for which records
were not available.




WAGES AND HOURS IN AUTOMOBILE TIRE INDUSTRY.

15

GENERAL TABLES.

In addition to the text tables already shown, five general tables
are presented, as follows:
T a b l e A.— Average hours and earnings and classified full-time
hours per week, 1923, by occupation, sex, and district.
T a b l e B.— Average number of days of work in occupation and
number actually worked by employees and average hours and earn­
ings, 1923, by occupation, sex, length of pay period, and district.
T a b l e C . — Average and classified earnings per hour in selected
occupations, 1923, by sex and district.
T a b l e D . — Number of employees in selected occupations working
on as many days as there was work in the occupation during the pay
period, classified by hours actually worked, 1923, by sex and district.
T a b l e E.— Number of employees in selected occupations working
on as many days as there was work in the occupation during the pay
period, classified by actual earnings, 1923, by sex and district.
The presentation in Table B in parallel columns of “ Average
full-time hours per pay period” and “ Average hours actually worked
in one pay period?? is for the purpose of comparing the regular hours
during vrhich it was possible for employees in an occupation to work
with the hours actually worked. One shows the possible hours for
work under normal conditions while the other shows what was actually
done during one pay period by all employees in the occupation,
including those who worked less than the hours of opportunity.
Tables C, D, and E are limited to 10 representative occupations
which include 44 per cent of all wage earners covered.
Tables D and E are shown in two sections because some establish­
ments had two-week or half-month pay periods and a separation of
the data on the basis of one week was impracticable.
In Tables D and E the average full-time hours and earnings per
pay period are given for all of the employees covered in each of the
10 representative occupations. In addition, these tables show the
average and classified hours actually worked and the average and
classified earnings actuafiy received by such employees as worked
on as many days as there was work in the occupation during the pay
period covered.
All employees who worked on less than the number of days that
there was work in the occupation have been excluded from the aver­
age and classified hours actually worked and average and classified
earnings actually received, because it is the purpose of these tables
to show as nearly as possible the hours and earnings actually made
by employees who worked all the time that there was work in the
occupation and to compare therewith the average hours and earnings
that would have been made had each employee worked the regular
or customary full-time hours of the pay period. This assumes that
each employee would have earned the same average amount per hour
during the full-time as was earned during the time actually worked
in the pay period covered.
Some employees worked on less than the number of days that there
was work in the occupation on account of being sick, disabled, laid
off, absent by own accord, termination of service before end of pay
period, or entering service after beginning of pay period.




T able A . — AVERAGE HOURS AND EARNINGS AND CLASSIFIED FULL-TIME HOURS PER WEEK, 1923, BY OCCUPA-

m

TION, SEX, AND DISTRICT.

05

Employees whose full-time hours per week were—
Average
full-time
hours
Un­
per
der
week.
40.

40

Over
40
and
under
45.

45

Over
45
and
under
48.

48

Over
48
and
under
50.

50

Over
50
and 54
under
54.

AIR BAGGERS, MALE.

42

Total.

Over
55
and 60
under
60.

12

$0.990
.727
.840
.745
.752

$48.31
39.91
39.40
34.79
43.69

48.8
54.9
46.9
46.7
58.1

292

.843

41.56

49.3

218
192
134
139
80

.819
.638

48.6
48.7
48.0
53.9
54.6

18

.517
.604

39.80
31.07
32.06
27. 87
32. 98

763

.670

33. 57

50.1

18

146
89
62
93

.550
.532
.384
.460
.404

25.47
24.84
18.47
24.47
21. 05

46.3
46.7
48.1
53.2
52.1

396

.498

24.10

48.4

21

59
50
43
31

.773
.617
.651
.635
.561

38.65
30.60
32.29
32.26
31.14

50.0
49.6
49.6
50.8
55.5

204

.636

32.31

50.8

Akron.......... ....................................................
Connecticut, Massachusetts, and New York.
Ohio (except Akron) and Michigan...............
New Jersey and Pennsylvania.......................
Indiana and Wisconsin...................................

55

54

14

11

13

34

123

20

ASSEMBLERS, MALE.

Akron................................................................
Connecticut, Massachusetts, and New Y ork..
Ohio (except Akron) and Michigan...............
New Jersey and Pennsylvania........................
Indiana and Wisconsin...................................
Total.

.668

44

36

102
11

25

79

25

124

60

31
17

23

197

28

172

ASSEMBLERS, FEMALE.

Akron................................................................
Connecticut, Massachusetts, and New York..
Ohio (except Akron) and Michigan................
New Jersey and Pennsylvania........................
Indiana and Wisconsin...................................
Total.

22

6

136

102

14

53

BEAD M AKERS, MALE.

Akron...............................................................
Connecticut, Massachusetts,and New York..
Ohio (except Akron) and Michigan................
New Jersey and Pennsylvania........................
Indiana and Wisconsin...................................
Total.




10

28

50

10

13

51

13

51

Over
60.

1

5

35

11

35

17

16

WAGES AND HOURS IN AUTOMOBILE TIRE INDUSTRY,

Occupation, sex, and district.

Average
full-time
Estab­ Em­ Average
lish­ ployees. earnings
earnings
per
per
ments.
hour.
week.

BEAD MAKERS, FEMALE.

4
3
4
3
2

43
7
27
15
4

.540
.391
.403
.426
.392

25.33
19.94
19.55
22.37
20.34

46.9
51.0
48.5
52.5
51.9

16
1

16

96

.466

22.69

48.7

17

6
8
11
12
6

155
58
120
107
26

.800
.639
.596
.510
.586

38.80
32. 21
29.68
26. 98
32.23

48.5
50.4
49.8
52.9
55.0

2

43

466

.649

32. 77

50.5

2

4
3
3

57
16
5

;541
.426
.462

25.43
20.70
22.92

10

78

.513

7
12
11
12
7

54
25
28
21
21

49

O h jn
Aljfrrvp) ‘^ nrj MinV)]p^n
Mi bit
Torcpv
PpTvncvIvQTiifl
A
vW U
Cl ooj cUXUX
OliUOJ VdiUui .........................
TnHioiiQ qrH Wkr»nTKin

Total.........................................................

Akron..
Connecticut, Massachusetts, and New Y o r k ..

Total.........................................................

27
20

4

3
7

3

1

1
3

47

4

11

4

13

98
22
20
10

11

10
5
9
16
4

2

2

150

12

16
11

16

27

10

BEADS, OTHER EMPLOYEES, MALE.

Akron. : .......... : ................
Connecticut, Massachusetts, and New Y o r k ..

Total.........................................................

18
29

8
6
8

47.0
48.6
49.6

4

21

24.37

47.5

5

.887
.681
.719
.549
.599

41.96
33.37
36.38
29.21
32. 53

47.3
49.0
50.6
53.2
54.3

6

149

.732

36. 60

50.0

6

7
11
10
12
7

109
84
54
55
40

.790
. 551
.595
.463
.446

37.60
27. 22
29.93
24.86
24.89

47.6
49.4
50.3
53.7
55.8

6

47

342

.608

30.64

50.4

18

44

19
21

2

144

1

1
1
2

25
25

1

6

1

6

1

7

2

7

2

4
general

6

29

1

14
19
62
29
20

BEADS, OTHER EMPLOYEES, FEMALE.
A lcron

Connecticut, Massachusetts, and New Y o r k ..
N e w J e r s e y a n d P e n n s y lv a n ia .

Total.........................................................

1

16

8

1

21
5
2
1

10
1

6
13

1

1
7

3
1

5

29

11

27

5

1

12

70
15
7
2

8

8
51

2

3

1
6

14
4

94

8

66

20

21

tables,

5
3

1

BIAS CUTTER OPERATORS, MALE.
Alrrnn

Connecticut, Massachusetts, and New York..
OViin teYPe.pt A lrrn n l a n d \fipViiga.n
N e w J e r s e y a n d P e n n s y lv a n ia
Indiana ^.nd ^ATjsermsin
T o t a l ............................................................................

5
4
2
6

3
5

8

1

6
1
17
7
10
41

3
3

BIAS CUTTERS’ HELPERS, MALE.

Connecticut, Massachusetts, and New York..

X




9
2

10
7

10
6

11

17

12

3

5
3
31
27
20
86

10

T able A . — AVERAGE HOURS AND EARNINGS AND CLASSIFIED FULL-TIME HOURS PER WEEK, 1923, BY OCCUPA-

TION, SEX, AND DISTRICT— Continued.

Occupation, sox, and district.

Average
full-time
hours
Un­
per
der
week.
40.

40

Over
40
and
under
45.

45

Over
45
and
under
48.

48

Over
48
and
under
50.

50

Over
50
and 54
under
54.

55

Over
55
and 60
under
60.

Over
60.

BUFFERS, TUBES, MALE.

iuui,qiUm

nnd Wiflnnnein
tt
............................................................

Tnt.al

..............

6
6
$
10
5

53
23
27
18
19

$0.860
.725
.684
.549

$41.54
31.96
37.92
34.54
29.76

48.3
49.1
52.3
50.5
54.2

5
2

3

35

140

.734

36.92

sa 3

7

4

6

5
10
6
7
3

369
313
228
63
70

.937
.921
.874
.758
.718

45.35
43.38
41. 78
37.07
39.27

48.4
47.1
47.8
48.9
54.7

16

70

31

1,043

.893

43.13

48.3

16

7

.959
.782
.862
.870
.730

46.42
38.47
40.08
40.63
40.66

48.4
49.2
46.5
46.7
55.7

25

.900

43.38

48.2

25

1

7
6

30
2
7

6
10

9

i

7

2
3

2

21

2

11
64

26

40

9

55
78
20

305
81
88
1

12
17

153

475

29

75

224
14
47
9

72

79
81

17

14

294

89

174

_________ _________ ____- __

1
4
15
4
16
40

4
4

BUILDERS AND FINISHERS, MALE.
Akron
PnnnAPtipnt
n n r t N p w York
OViin fPYCPpi: Alrmn^ and Afif»V»ign.n
New tp.rspy a?id Pennsylvania
Indiana and Wisconsin _
Total.........................................................

17
11
28

70

25
7
7

45
7
63

17

40

140

17

17
1

65
2
44
18
28

19
13

18

157

32

BUILDERS OR MAKERS, CORD TIRES, MALEAtcr-on
f^Armpptfmit
M$iwfi/»hn9Ptt^
H KFcp w
vK
mUICv Uv t i l; J X
»I<*OO^Vllu a v t t o f q
t *rllu
vy York
X ua ia . . .
Oliio Ip.YCPpf. Akron) and Afich(Pan
N^w Tprspy and Pennsylvania.
Indiana and Wisconsin....... ...........................

9
9
4

547
110
159
198
42

Total.........................................................

35

1,056

6

1
13
68
70

34

138

47

82

82

BUILDERS OR MAKERS, FABRIQ TIRES, MALE.
Akrfm
Connecticut Massachusetts and New York...
Ohio ( e Y c e p f : Al^mn'l and A^ichigan
New Jersey and P e n n s y lv a n i a . .................




‘

5
4
9
8

108
82
122

58

. 957
.823
.898
.821

46.32
40.90
42.48
38.09

48.4
49.7
47.3
46.4

39
15

5
16
21

18

48
3
27

20
7

20
72
"

2

2
2
5

40
3

5

_______

-

WAGES AND HOURS IN AUTOMOBILE TIRE INDUSTRY,

Employees whose full-time hours per week were—
Average Average
full-time
Estab­
lish­
earnings
Em­ earnings
per
per
ments. ployees. hour.
week.

£
05

Indiana and Wisconsin.....................................
Total.........................................................
CALENDER M E N , M ALE.

34

.728

38-80

53.3

31

404

.874

42.39

48.5

7

84
42
36
39

1.077
.825
.831
.817
.724

52-23
41.17
44.96
42.32
39.24

48.5
49.9
54.1
51.8
54-2

.912

46.33

50.8

1

.944 .

22

45.69
33.68
38.36
33.33
32-96

48.4
49.1
53.2
51-6
54.3

1

.721
.646
.607

231

.776

39.27

50.6

1

5

Indiana and Wisconsin.....................................

12
u
11
6

Total.........................................................

47

Connecticut, Massachusetts, and New Y ork...

21
222

13
42

54
1

3
7
7

3

6
6
12

18

78

27

107

2

56

10
1

11
8

10
3
1

1

16

4

8

61

9

4

2

4
5

4
4

2

70

11

28

2

56
16
3

14

7
13

2

12
19
15
13

6

6
2

2

63

9

8

2

3

C A L E N D E R M E N , F IR S T , M A L E .

7

Connecticut, Massachusetts, and New York...

45

84
38
50
37

.686

4

12

7
7

16

CALENDER M E N ’S H ELPER S, M A LE .
A lr r o n

o n d i-iCVV
"Mpw VTvrlr
vUiluCL'l/JA/IX0 y i T l d ^ a v X l U o v tto^ ClUU
i v lix c ,
Ohio fPY^ftpt Akr’QTi^ find Minhi^n
N e w J e rsey a n d P e n n s v lv a n ia ,
In d ia n a , a n d W i s c o n s i n

Total........................................................
co m fo tjn d ers

.828
.602
. 635
.588
,513

39.99
28.90
33.78
30.28
27.75

48.3
48.0
53.2
51.5
54.1

1

7

217
174
129
91
51

47

662

.674

33.77

50.1

1

1
11
1
12

7

7

173
54
46
35
25

.788
.592
!587
!569
.509

37.98
30.07
31.23
32.32
27.74

48.2
50. 8
53. 2
56.8
54.5

48

333

.685

34.73

50.7

7

5

89
74
69
43
23

.878
.756
.768
.707
.646

43.02
39,69
39.32
36.27
38.18

49.0
52.5
51.2
51.3
59.1

43

298 j

.780

40.17

51.5

7

38

2
6

76
168
50

8
q

33

17
17

10

1

3

15

29

4

20
2

!
15 1
18 |
15

11 i

38

43

6

. -

N p .w J e r s e y a n d P e n n s y l v a n i a .
Tn
ifl.n
a . CvUU
fin d W
X
i id
lU
auw
TViioQp^vn.QiB
C v lI S U A . • - • • - ................. .. .....................

.....................................................

9

6

9

7

9

13

9

229

22

156
14
7

1

177

2

5
4

, M ALE.

A Irrn n

PnTvnopfipnf lY
Moccophnc^lfQ
or»H
XIow
la o o ciC U U o C /1 1 o . cU
iU V
i C W VAflr
I U iiA *
Ahin ^ A Y P P 'n t A lr r r m ^ a n d Til l p h i c r a n

Total

10
11
12

1

1

59

1
10
1
2
14

1
2
2

7

1
8

2

4

2

27
13
14

6

6
2

2

3

60

9

8

2

7
54
63
28
35

18

7

15
4

187

19

24

7

6

GENERAL TABLES,

Total..... ...................................................

10
11
11
6

7

1
6

2 12
26
6
22
2 73

1

2 11

5

8

6
7

8

8

13

8

16
5
3

2

20
10
6
9

3
7

48

2

45

10

CURERS, B E A D S, M A LE.
A Irrn n
AU
rnTnP
fin d XTp
v
li lit /thtihn'l'
U C U t ^ M o c c c » p lin Q o ttQ ^ cUiU.

r ..
lViaooaCUUotjtto
INCYwY VAnUrilA.
Ohin fPYOPn'i’ AIrrnn ^and TVTipTiip'fin

M e w J e r s e y e n d P e n n s y lv a n ia .
T
n d icum
a n d TV iu C U U D U l.............................................................
AJUUI
Ufi
m CtlLU.

WicnnnQin

Total.........................................................




g

11
11

1

1

4

2
8

1

10

1

9

48
31
38

9

6

4

9

123

9
5

3
9
4
9

30

13

3
4

2

CO

T able A . — AVERAGE HOURS AND EARNINGS AND CLASSIFIED FULL-TIME HOURS PER WEEK, 1923, B’iJ OCCUPA-

TION, SEX, AND DISTRICT— Continued.

Occupation, sex, and district.

Over
40
and
under
45.

45

Over
45
and
under
48.

48

Over
48
and
under
50.

50

Over
50
and
under
54.

Over
55
and 60
under
60.

Over
60.

6

22

CURERS, TIRES, MALE.

Akron................. ................................................
Connecticut, Massachusetts, and New Y ork ...
Ohio (except Akron) and Michigan.................
New Jersey and Pennyslvania.........................
Indiana and Wisconsin.....................................
Total.........................................................

47.7
52.6
45.7
46.2
58.9

87
140

**2i‘

295
141

$46.27
41.71
42.14
36.54
40.11

1,651

.869

42.75

49.2

227

196

.800
.651
.760
.605
.524

38.88
31.31
38.38
32.67
29.50

48.6
48.1
50.5
54.0
56.3

108

.709

35.88

50.6

681
129
234
276

. 965
.715
.793
.796
.715

45.84
34.75
36.87
37.01
39.83

47.5
48.6
46.5
46.5
55.7

24

.866

41.31

47.7

24

.563

28.15

221

49

167

SO. 970
.793
.922
.791
.681

619
375

427
105
87
57

54

10

13
56

30

CURERS, TUBES, MALE.

Akron.................................................................
Connecticut, Massachusetts, and New Y o rk ..
Ohio (except Akron) and Michigan.................
New Jersey and Pennsylvania.........................
Indiana and Wisconsin.....................................
Total.........................................................

34

27

35

FINISHERS AND TREADERS, CORD TIRES, MALE.

Akron...................................... ..........................
Connecticut, Massachusetts, and New Y ork...
Ohio (except Akron) and Michigan.................
New Jersey and Pennsylvania........................
Indiana and Wisconsin....................................
Total....................................................... .

86

37

70

411
19
59

110

8

180

108

25
60

80

FINISHERS AND TREADERS, CORD TIRES, FEMALE.

New Jersey and Pennsylvania..........................




27

27

46

122

WAGES AND HOURS IN AUTOMOBILE TIRE INDUSTRY,

Employees whose full-time hours per week were—
Average Average
Estab­ Em­ Average
full-time full-time
lish­ ployees, earnings
earnings hours
Un­
per
per
per
ments.
der
hour.
week.
week.
40.

to
°

(
1

F IN IS H E R S A N D T R E A D E R S , F A B R IC T I R E S , M A L E .

s in i

Connecticut, Massachusetts, and New Y o r k ..

5
4
8
7
5

216
82
154
88
59

.931
.816
.848
.723
.676

44.97
40.31
40. 79
34.92
35. 69

48.3
49.4
48.1
48.3
52.8

47
23

8
19
12

35

29

599

.840

41.08

48.9

70

39

7
5
6
6
4

131
25
19
18
16

.880
.626
.793
547
.516

42. 42
29.55
39.33
29.70
28.38

48.2
47.2
49.6
54.3
55. 0

28

209

.786

38. 75

49.3

4
4
2

16
13
16

.428
.382
.495

20.33
20.70
27.08

47.5
542
54.7

3

10

45

.439

22.83

52.0

3

7
12
11
12
7

476
373
269
290
196

.654
.500
.448
.422
.430

32.24
24.65
23. 74
23. OS
23.74

49.3
49.3
53.0
54.7
55.2

28
7

49

1,604

.514

26.21

51.0

35

7
12
11
12
7

753
158
175
211
100

.823
.645
.665
.605
.597

39.75
31.73
34. 51
32.97
32. 54

48.3
49.2
51.9
54.5
54.5

1

49

1,397

.735

36.97

50.3

1

101
11
31

41

37
59

2
4

12

12
27

6
3

57
6
24

13

89

35

143

53

135

25

76
9
6

17

9
6

91

17

16
5

1

21

1

F IN IS H E R S , T U B E S , M A L E .

Connecticut, Massachusetts, and New Y o r k ..

TUBES

(M O U N T ,

W ASH,

AND

9

4

_ _ _ _

4

1

9

25

4

2

1

9
15
16

17

1

44

-

-

-

_______

CE­

M E N T ), F E M A L E .

Connecticut, Massachusetts, and New Y o r k ..
N

p.w

J ersey a n d P e n n s y lv a n ia

T n d i a,n a, a n d W i s o o n s i n

Total

11

2
1

6

6
15

1

6

21
46
35
181
83
103

21

7
12

62
19

14
11
22
2

4
5
17
22

19

448

102

49

48

28
27
71
61
70

2
24
12

36
41

23

257

38

77

33

1
11

3

— —

—
_________

LABORERS, M A L E .

Akron
Connecticut, Massachusetts, and New Y o r k ..
Ohio ( p.xnp.pt Akron) and Mi oh iran
New Jersey and Pennsvlvania,
Indiana, and Wisconsin
Total.......................................................

327
43
30
26

10
5

19

426

35

19
33

65
2
3

33

70

27

19
23
10

53
157 | 10
1
46

69
4

15

257

83

635
26
35

12
4

26
45

16

11
15

15
3

696

16

GENERAL TABLES,

F IN IS H E R S ,

1

M IL L M E N , M A L E S .

Akron
Connecticut, Massachusetts, and New Y o rk ..
O h io f e x c e p t A k r o n ) a n d M io h ira n

New Jersev and Pennsylvania
In d ia n a a n d W is c o n s in

Total

......................................




8
26
34

27

52

35

34
97
= = ;= != = =

10

to

T able A — AVERAGE HOURS AND EARNINGS AND CLASSIFIED FULL-TIME HOURS PER WEEK, 1923, BY OCCUPA-

TION, SEX, AND DISTRICT— Continued.

Occupation, sex, and district.

40

Over
40
and
under
45.

45

Over
45
and
under
48.

48

Over
48
and
under
50.

50

Over
50
54
and
under
54.

55

Over
55
60
and
under
60.

Over
60.

RIMMERS, MALE.

Akron..»...................................................................
Connecticut, Massachusetts, and New Y o rk ..
Ohio (except Akron) and Michigan...................
New Jersey and Pennsylvania............................
Indiana and Wisconsin.......................... ..............

6
5
11
11
5

102
47
70
76
18

$0,972
.759
.816
.759
.608

$47.43
37.57
37.70
35.60
34.35

48.8
49.5
46.2
46.9
56.5

Total..............................................................

38

313

.834

4 0 .2 8

48.3

56

5
5
5
8
2

18
6
10
15
8

.761
.664
.611
.736
.628

36.76
31.54
31.77
36.73
34.16

48.3
47.5
52.0
49.9
54.4

2
2

3

25

57

.700

35.07

50.1

4

4

1

Akron.......................................................................
Connecticut, Massachusetts, and New Y ork ..
Ohio (except Akron) and Michigan...................
......... ..................

7
7
7
10

80
34
21
23

.858
.585
.731
.677

41.53
27.90
36.04
34.12

48.4
47.7
49.3
50.4

1

5

Total........... .......................... ......................

31

158

.756

36.82

48.7

2

9

.436

21.63

49.6

5
21
35

12

2

84
35
43
3

—

5
6

—
12

2

4

7

165

10

2

15
2

2

5

2

13
4 .........
6
6
4
3
3

3
2

6
4

32

7

10

7

2

SKIVERS, TUBES, MALE.

Akron............................................................
Connecticut, Massachusetts, and New Y ork ..
Ohio (except Akron) and Michigan...................
New Jersey and Pennsylvania............................
Indiana and Wisconsin.........................................
Total.........................................................

1

1

1

1

2
1

8
3
7

2

18

5

19

12

12

11
5

2

7
New Jersey
and
4 Pennsylvania
2

43
23
2
2

5

70

12

4
4

SPLICERS, TUBES, MALE.

9

5

12

2

2

12
5

6

18

2

19

6

SPLICERS, TUBES, FEMALE.

Ohio (except Akron) and Michigan__ _




—

r. ..

2

=

:

7

= =

.■=—

-----

---------

WAGES AND HOURS IN AUTOMOBILE TIRE INDUSTRY,

Employees whoso full-time hours per Week were—
Average
Average Average full-time
Estab­
full-time
Em­
earnings
lish­
earnings hours
per
per
ployees.
Un­
per
ments.
der
hour.
week.
week.
40.

^
1:0

GENERAL TABLES.




to
CO

T able A — AVERAGE HOURS AND EARNINGS AND CLASSIFIED FULL-TIME HOURS PER W EEK, 1923, BY OCCUPA-

TION, SEX, AND DISTRICT— Concluded.

Occupation, sex, and district.

40

Over
40
and
under
45.

45

Over
45
and
under
48.

48

Over
48
and
under
50.

50

Over
50
and 54
under
54.

55

Over
55
60
and
under
60.

Over
60.

TRUCKERS, MALE.

...............
Akrnn
Connecticut, Massachusetts, and New Y ork...
Ohio (e x c e p t . Akron) and Michigan__
New Jersey and Pennsylvania

4

7
7
11
10
6

574
107
186
111
97

$0,816
.539
.595
.461
.474

$39.41
25.76
29.33
24.66
26.16

48.3
47.8
49.3
53.5
55.2

41

1,075

.683

33.88

49.6

Akron ..........................................
Connecticut, Massachusetts,and New Y ork ..
Ohio ("except A k r o n Va n d M i c h i g a n ....................
New Jersey and P e n n s y l v a n i a ................
I n d i a n a a n d Wisconsin.......................................

7
8
11
9
5

27
14
26
18
11

.892
.717
.764
.583
.579

43.26
34.77
40.49
31.25
30.63

48.5
48.5
53.0
53.6
52.9

Total..............................................................

40

96

.738

37.79

51.2

Akron ..................................................................
Connecticut, Massachusetts, and New Y ork ...
Ohio (except Akron) and M i c h i g a n .......................
New Jersey and Pennsylvania............................
I n d i a n a and Wisconsin........................................

7
5
10
7
4

27
15
25
13
12

.779
.587
.674
.519
.525

37.94
27.77
35.86
27.46
27.77

48.7
47.3
53.2
52.9
52.9

Total.................... „........................................

33

92

.650

33.02

50.8

2

7
9
9

79
62
40

.894
.662
.685

43.36
31.84
34.80

48.5
48.1
50.8

7

Total.............................................................

17
3

31
14

4

45

17

416
24
65
28
15
51
20
30
43
* r5
4
Indiana and Wisconsin. * -9

19

466

24

91

22
3
3
1

1

3
7

67

65

13
4
57
22
73

17
33
9

8
12
3

6
3

31

169

64

23

97

4

2
1

1
1
17
7
6

3

32

1

15
5
7

3

29

3

12

5

TUBE MACHINE OPERATORS, MALE.

3
4
2
2

7

29

1

14

21
8
3
1

2

5
4

2
2

2
5
5

1
2

1

TUBE MACHINE FEEDERS, MALE.

2

2

5
9

33

2

9

1

39
13
9

12

9
21

.7

TUBE ROLLERS, MALE.

Akron.......................................................................
Connecticut, Massachusetts, and New Y o rk ...
Ohio (except Akron) and Michigan...................




15
2

19

4
24

3
1
3

1

WAGES AND HOURS IN AUTOMOBILE TIRE INDUSTRY.

Employees whose full-time hours per week were—
Average Average
Average
full-time full-time
Estab­
earnings
Em­
lish­
earnings hours
Un­
per
ployees.
per
per
ments.
der
hour.
week.
week.
40.

»
^

New Jersey and Pennsylvania.
Indiana and Wisconsin.............
Total.

8
5

44
35

.687
.590

33.39
32.21

48.6
54.6

12

38

260

.733

36.36

49.6

19

7
6
9
9

95
33
38
37

.900
.590
.698
.688

43.47
28.38
33.22
35.57
30.25

48.3
48.1
47.6
51.7
54.4

4

5
2

24

1

5

2

23

11
6

14

51

17

3
5

1

21
10
27

14
2

1

62

16

7
6

7

15

63

12

43

22

49
15
9
1

10

10
12

22

74

10

30

10

27

7

7
7

TUBE WRAPPERS, MALE.

Akron....................................................................
Connecticut, Massachusetts, and New York.
Ohio (except Akron) and Michigan............... .
New Jersey and Pennsylvania........................
Indiana and Wisconsin..................................... .
Total.

8
6
34

2
.556

1

7

1

4

35

237

.745

36.95

49.6

14

Akron....................................................................
Connecticut, Massachusetts, and New York..
Ohio (except Akron) and Michigan.................
New Jersey and Pennsylvania..........................
Indiana and Wisconsin.......................................

7
4
9
8
3

52
12
20
18
12

.753
.704
.646
.624

36.37
26.58
36.47
31.65
34.07

48.3
47.8
51.8
49.0
54.6

7
1

4

Total............... ............................................

31

114

.694

34.42

49.6

8

5

3

5

.521

24.64

47.3

Akron......................................................................
Connecticut, Massachusetts, and New Y o rk .
Ohio (except Akron) and Michigan.................
New Jersey and Pennsylvania..........................
Indiana and Wisconsin.......................................

7
12
11
12
7

2,397
1,038
795
890
445

.808
.586
.674
.516
.551

39.03
28.36
33.43
27.30
30.19

48.3
48.4
49.6
52.9
54.8

25

Total................................... .............

49

5,565

.680

33.86

49.8

25

6
9
6
9
7

442
1S9
67
142
128

.485
.425
.434
.345
.385

22.89
20.57
21.05
17.97
20.87

47.2
48.4
48.5
52.1
54.2

1

37

968

.437

21.50

49.2

1

4

VALVE INSERTERS, MALE.

2
1

4

13

30

1

1

3

3
1

3

7

18

26

3.

241
309
3
36
101

8
12
2
72
15

81
61
233
295
228

24

VALVE INSERTERS, FEMALE.

Connecticut, Massachusetts, and New Y ork..
OTHER EMPLOYEES, MALE.

244 1,595
234
2
389
45

179
8

19

285
43
19

99

347

246 2,263

187

690

109

8

898

28
4

139
22
4

10
1

149
85
45
28

95

20
75
15
21
16

2
1
10
10

1
69

1
14
102

32

165

31

307

95

147

23

70

117

80
87
131
218

8

159
64

26
34
44
26

15
2
70
11

247

130

98

GENEKALr TABLES,

3

1
11
3
11

OTHER EMPLOYEES, FEMALE.

Akron....................................................................
Connecticut, Massachusetts, and New Y ork.
Ohio (except Akron) and Michigan.............
New Jersey and Pennsylvania......................
Indiana and Wisconsin......................................
Total.




to

CJl

WAGES AND HOURS IN AUTOMOBILE TIKE INDUSTRY,

26
T

B — A V E R A G E N U M B E R OF D A YS OF W O R K I N OCCU P A TIO N
A N D N U M B E R A C T U A L L Y W O R K E D B Y E M P LO YE E S A N D A V E R ­
A G E H OUR S A N D E A R N IN G S, 1923, B Y OCCUPATION, S E X , L E N G T H
OF P A Y P E R IO D , A N D D IST R IC T .

ablp

Average
number of
days on
which—

Occupation,^x^payperiod, and

Aver­
Aver­
age
Aver- Aver­
age
Per
age
earn­
nge
full­
ings
full­ hours cent
Estab­ Em­ There Em­ time actu­
of
time actu­
lish­ ploy­
was ploy­
ally
full
earn­
ally
hours worked
work
ments. ees.
ees
time
ings
re­
per
inoc­ actu­
in one work­ per ceived
pay,
cupa­ ally period.
ed.
pay
in
pay,
tion worked
penod.
penod. pay
in
in
period.
pay, pay
period. penod.

AIR BAGGERS, MALE.

One week:
Akron..................................................
Connecticut, Massachusetts, and
New York.......................................
Ohio (except Akron) and Michigan.
New Jersey and Pennsylvania___
Indiana and Wisconsin...................

3

81

6.0

5.7

47.9

43.6

9
3
8
2

43
19
64
3

5.7
5.8
5.4
5.3

5.3
5.2
5.3
5.3

54.9
48.3
47.1
51.7

49.8
42.8
47.0
45.0

91
.89
100
87

39.91
41.73
34.81
49.99

36.17
37.00
34.75
43.53

91 $49.62

$45.20

Total................................................

25

210

5.7

5.4

49.2

45.9

93

42.26

39.40

Two weeks or one-half month:
Akron..................................................
Ohio (except Akron) and Michigan.
New Jersey and Pennsylvania___
Indiana and Wisconsin...................

3
8
3
3

16
39
14
13

12.5
11.7
12.1
12.3

10.8
10.7
11.6
11.9

117.5
104.4
98.1
125.3

114.1
90.3
92.7
118.9

97
86
94
95

89.30
86.44
75.54
87.96

86.68
74.72
71.37
83.49

Total................................................

17

82

12.0

11.1

109.2

99.9

91

85.18

77.87

ASSEMBLERS, MALE.

One week:
Akron............................ .....................
Connecticut, Massachusetts, and
New York.......................................
Ohio (except Akron) and Michigan.
New Jersey and Pennsylvania___
Indiana and Wisconsin...................

2

153

6.0

5.8

46.8

45.0

96

40.01

38.51

11
3
9
3

192
70
117
24

6.3
6.0
5.7
6.0

5.4
5.2
5.4
5.2

48.7
48.3
54.3
51.5

45.6
43.1
50.3
43.7

94
89
93
•85

31.07
37.19
27.75
30.13

29.08
33.17
25.74
25.58

Total................................................

28

556

6.0

5.5

49.5

46.0

93

33.71

31.34

Two weeks or one-half month:
Akron..................................................
Ohio (except Akron) andMichigan.
New Jersey and Pennsylvania___
Indiana and Wisconsin...................

4
7
2
.3

65
64
22
56

12.6
11.7
12.2
12.5

11.4
10.4
9.5
11.6

119.3
107.5
114.4
118.9

102.1
95.3
80.4
110.0

86
89
70
.93

87.57
59.77
63.15
82.87

74.98
53.02
44.40
67.35

Total................................................

16

207

12.3

10.9

115.0

99.9

87

72.45

62.88

89

25.97

23.05

89
77
92
92

24.84
18.29
25.62
21.05

22.07
14.10
23.68
19.33

ASSEMBLERS, FEMALE.

One w e e k :
Akron..................................................
Connecticut, Massachusetts, and
New York.......................... . ..........
Ohio (exceptAkron) and Michigan.
New Jersey and Pennsylvania___
Indiana and Wisconsin...................

2

132

6.0

5.5

46.3

41.1

4
2
5
2

89
14
81
6

5.7
6.0
6.0
5.8

5.4
4.4
5.6
5.7

46.7
46.9
53.6
52.1

41.5
36.2;
49.5;
47.9

322
5.9
5.5
= = = " "
-- ""■■■ -

Total................................................

15

Two weeks or one-half month:
Akron..................................................
Ohio (exceptAkron) and Michigan.
New Jersey and Pennsylvania___

2
3
.2

14
48
12

10.9
12.3
13.3

10.4
11.3
12.1

98.1
108.7
110.7

87.7
86.9
82.8

89
80
75

43.65,
41.52
37.08

39.07
33.17
27.79

Total................................................

7

74

12.2

11.3

107.0

86.4

81

41.41

33.41




48.4
43.2
1 - —-■-g . - —

89 25.17
22.48
— ■— —
—

GENERAL TABLES,
T

27

B — A V E R A G E N U M B E R OF D A Y S OF W O R K I N OC CU PATIO N
A N D N U M B E R A C T U A L L Y W O R K E D B Y E M P LO YE E S A N D A V E R ­
A G E HOURS A N D E A R N IN G S, 1923, B Y OCCUPATION, SE X , L E N G T H
OF P A Y PERIOD, A N D D ISTR IC T— Continued.

able

Average
number of
days on
which—

Occupation, sex, pay period, and
district.

Aver­
Aver­
Aver­
age
age
Per
age
earn­
hours cent
full­
ings
actu­
Estab­ Em­ There Em­
of
time actu­
lish­ ploy­
was ploy­
ally
full
earn­
ally
work
ees
worked time
ments. ees.
ings
re­
in oc­ actu­
in one work­ per ceived
pay,
cupa­ ally
pay
ed.
in
pay
tion worked period. period.
period. p a y ,
in
in
period.
pay
pay
period. period.
Average
full­
time
hours
per

BEAD M AKERS, MALE.

One week:
Connecticut, Massachusetts, and
New York.......................................
Ohio (except Akron) and Mich­
igan..................................... .............
New Jersey and Pennsylvania___
Indiana arid Wisconsin...................
Total................................................

12

59

5.9

5.6

49.6

47.5

96 $30.60

3
8
2

8
36
6

5.8
5.7
6.0

5.8
5.4
5.7

54.1
51.2
51.7

52.7
46.1
48.9

97
90
95

43.17
33.13
33.45

42.06
29.78
31.65

25

109

5.8

5.6

50.6

47.5

94

32.54

30.51

$29.28

Two weeks or one-half month:
Akron..................................................
Ohio (except Akron) and Mich­
igan..................................................
New Jersey and Pennsylvania___
Indiana and Wisconsin...................

3

21

12.9

12.0

115.5

95.7

83

89.28

73.93

7
3
4

42
7
25

12.6
12.1
12.2

12.0
11.7
11.2

111.4
106.1
117.0

103.2
102.5
105.5

93
97
90

69.40
60.80
63.18

64.26
58.73
57.00

Total................................................

17

95

12.5

11.8

113.4

102.1

90

71.22

64. OS

23.32

BEAD M AKERS, FEMALE.

One week:
Akron..................................................
Connecticut, Massachusetts, and
New York.......................................
Ohio (except Akron) and Mich­
igan..................................................
New Jersey and Pennsylvania___
Indiana and Wisconsin...................

2

34

5.8

5.3

46.6

40.9

88

26.61

3

7

5.9

5.6

51.0

48.6

95

19.94

18.97

2

3
2

13
15
4

6.0
6.0
5.3

5.2
5.7
5.3

48.0
52.5
51.9

41.2
50.1
47.3

86
95
91

19.63
22.37
20.34

16.85
21.35
18.54

Total................................................

12

73

5.9

5.4

48.8

43.9

90

23.42

21.08

Two weeks or one-half month:
Akron..................................................
Ohio (except Akron) and Mich­
igan..................................................
Total................................................

2

9

9.4

9.3

97.8

72.7

74

41.17

30.59

2

14

13.0

12.1

109.3

98.1

90

43.39

38.90

4

23

11.6

11.0

104.8

88.2

84

42.34

35.65

3

124

5.9

5.7

47.9

43.6

91

38.85

35.34

8

58

5.8

5.7

50.4

49.8

99

32.21

31.83

3
9
3

35
90
10

6.0
6.0
6.0

6.0
5.5
5.2

53.6
53.3
53.0

54.0
48.4
48.3

101
91
91

38.97
27.18
32.97

39.27
24.70
30.07

317

5.9

5.6

50.7

47.4

93

34.17

3k 94

BEADS, OTHER EMPLOYEES, MALE.

One week:
Akron..................................................
Connecticut, Massachusetts, and
New York.......................................
Ohio (except Akron) and Mich­
igan..................................................
New Jersey and Pennsylvania___
Indiana and Wisconsin...................
Total................................................

26

Two weeks or one-half month:
Akron..................................................
Ohio (except Akron) and Mich­
igan..................................................
New Jersey and Pennsylvania___
Indiana and Wisconsin...................

3

31

13.8

13.2

116.7

111.7

96

87.99

84.22

8
3
3

85
17
16

12.3
13.1
12.6

10.8
12.6
12.0

108.3
113.1
119.1

101.4
110.3
119.6

94
98
100

58.70
57.79
67.17

54.96
58.32
67.42

Total...............................................

17

149

12.7

11.6

111.7

106.5

95

66.68

62.54




28
T

WAGES AND HOURS IN AUTOMOBILE TIBE INDUSTBY.

B — A V E R A G E N U M B E R OF D A Y S OF W O R K IN OC CU PATIO N
A N D N U M B E R A C T U A L L Y W O R K E D B Y E M P LO YE E S A N D A V E R ­
A G E H OURS A N D E A R N IN G S, 1923, B Y OCCUPATION, S E X , L E N G T H
OF P A Y P E R IO D , A N D D IS T R IC T — Continued.

able

I

Average
number of
days on
which--

Occupation, sex, pay period, and
district.

Aver­
Aver­
age
Aver- Aver­
age
Per
age
earn­
age hours
M icent
ings
full­
Estab­ Em­ There Em­
actu­
of
time actu­
lish­ ploy­ was ploy­ time
full
earn­
ally
hours ally
ments. ees.
work
ees
worked
time
ings
re­
per
inoc­ actu­
in one work­ per ceived
in
cupa­ ally
ed.
pay
pay,
penod.
tion worked p S S l period.
in
in
period.
pay
pay
period. period.

BEADS, OTH ER EMPLOYEES, FEMALE.

One week:
Akron..................................................
Connecticut, Massachusetts, and
New York......................................
New Jersey and Pennsylvania___

2

38

5.9

5.3

45.9

39.7

86 $26.44

$22.87

3
3

16
6

6.0
5.0

5.6
4.8

48.6
49.6.

44.2
43.9

91
89

2a 70
22.92

18.82
20.28

Total................................................

8

59

5.8

5.4

47.0

41.3

88

24.53

21.55

Two weeks or one-half month:
Akron..................................................

2

19

13.4

11.5

109.9

91.6

83

51.65

43.05

BIAS CUTTER OPERATORS, MALE.

One week:
Akron..................................................
Connecticut, Massachusetts, and
New York.......................................
Ohio (except Akron) and Mich­
igan..................................................
New Jersey and Pennsylvania.......
Indiana and Wisconsin....................
Total.............................................
Two weeks or one-halfmonth:
Akron..................................................
Ohio (except Akron) and Mich­
igan..................................................
New Jersey and Pennsylvania___
Indiana and Wisconsin...................
Total................................................

3

44

6.0

5.8

46.2

45.1

98

42.46

41.48

12

25

5.9

5.8

49.0

50.3

103

33.37

34.24

3
9
3

8
14
9

5.8
5.7
6.0

5.6
5.7
5.1

48.8
55.0
51.1

4a 1
56.9
47.8

99
103
94

38.11
30.58
29.02

37.52
31.66
27.14

30

100

5.9

5.7

48.8

48.5

99

36.89

36.68

4

10

12.5

12.4

116.6

116.9

100

86.98

87.25

8
3
4

20
7
12

11.9
11.9
12.0

10.7
10.6
11.8

115.8
105.3
118.3

93.2
105.1
113.8

80
100
96

80.37
56.23
73.58

64.64
56.13
70.81

19

49

12.0

11.3

115.1

104.8

91

76.43

69.55

3

BIAS CUTTERS7 HELPERS, MALE.

One week:
Akron..................................................
Ohio (except Akron) and Mich­
igan..................................................
New Jersey and Pennsylvania.......
Connecticut, Massachusetts, and
New York.......................... ............
Indiana and Wisconsin...................

87

6.0

5.8

47.1

44.7

95

39.94

37.95

3
9

15
46

6.0
5.9

5.5
4.9

50.3
54.6

46.3
45.8

92
84

36.01
25.23

33.14
21.17

11
3

84
13

5.9
6.0

5.7
5.1

49.4
52.7

47.9
46.3

97
88

27.22
25.51

26.39
22.41

Total................................................

29

245

5.9

5.5

49.8

46.2

93

32.02

29.72

4

22

12.4

12.0

111.0

104.1

94

62.27

58.45

7
3
4

39
9
27

11.9
12.4
11.6

10.8
11.6
11.4

114.1
106.0
124.3

93.0
107.6
111.5

82
102
90

62.64
49.71
53.08

51.03
50.43
47.63

18

97

12.0

11.3

115.5

102.0

88

58.56

51.71

Two weeks or one-half month:
Akron..................................................
Ohio (except Akron) and Mich­
igan..................................................
*New Jersey and Pennsylvania.......
Indiana and Wisconsin....................
Total................................................




GENERAL TABLES,
T

29,

B — A V E R A G E N U M B E R OF D A Y S OF W O R K IN OCCUPATION
A N D N U M B E R A C T U A L L Y W O R K E D B Y E M P LO YE E S A N D A V E R ­
AGE HOURS A N D E A R N IN G S, 1923, B Y OCCUPATION, S E X , L E N G T H
OF P A Y PERIOD, A N D D IST R IC T — Continued.

able

Average
number of
days on
which—

Occupation, sex, pay period, and
district.

Estab­ Em­
lish­ ploy­
ments. ees.

There
was
work
inoc­
cupa­
tion
in

Aver­
Aver­
age
Aver- Aver­
age
Per
age
earn­
age
hours cent
full­
ings
full­
Em­
actu­
of
time actu­
ploy­ time
ally
full
earn­
ally
hours
ees
worked time
ings
re­
per
actu­
in one work­ per ceived
ally
ed.
in
pay
pay
worked period. penod.
penod. pay
penod.
in

v S S d . period.
BUFFERS, TUBES, HA LE.

One week:
Akron..................................................
Connecticut, Massachusetts, and
New York.......................................
Ohio (except Akron) and Michigan
New Jersey and Pennsylvania___

3

48

5.8

5.6

48.2

42.6

88 $41.84

TtwH atia Anri W i s m n s i n ......................

6
2
7
3

23
7
13
13

5.6
5.9
5.8
6.0

5.3
5.4
5.8
5.7

49.1
55.0
51.8
53.8

46.3
46.1
49.6
47.9

94
84
96
89

31.96
42.02
35.02
29.70

30.14
35.22
33.52
26.44

$37.00

Total................................................

21

104

5.8

5.6

50.0

45.2

90

37.15

33.61

Two weeks or one-half month:
Akron..................................................
Ohio (except Akron) and Michigan
New Jersey and Pennsylvania—
TnrHAnA and Wisconsin..................

3
6
3
2

5
20
5
6

13.2
12.3
10.2
12.3

12.8
11.1
10.2
11.8

111.4
116.3
103.0
112.5

121.6
97.2
91.4
105.9

109
84
89
94

86.67
82.69
72.72
60.86

94.55
69.16
64.52
57.34

Total................................................

14

36

12.1

11.3

113.1

101.2

89

78.27

70.07

BUILDERS AND FINISHERS, MALE.

One week:
Akron..................................................
Connecticut, Massachusetts, and
New York.......................................
Ohio (except Akron) and Michigan
New Jersey and Pennsylvania—

2

60

5.7

5.5

46.7

42.8

92

44.79

41.04

10
3
5

313
162
43

5.8
5.9
5.2

5.5
5.6
5.2

47.1
46.8
46.7

43.7
43.3
42.6

93
93
91

43.38
41.51
37.45

40.26
38.39
34.20

92

42.63

39.36

83 104.22
79 96.16
97 72.03
89 88.24

86.06
75.68
70.07
78.75

84

98.83

82.80

43.80

Total................................................

20

578

5.8

5.5

47.0

43.4

Two weeks or one-half month:
Akron..................................................
Ohio (except Akron) and Michigan
New Jersey and Pennsylvania—
Indiana and Wisconsin..................

3
3
2
3

309
66
20
70

12.9
11.8
12.5
13.8

12.0
11.0
11.9
12.4

111.7
114.2
108.8
122.9

92.2
89.9
105.9
109.7

Total................................................

11

465

12.9

11.9

113.6

95.1

BUILDERS OR MAKERS, CORD TIRES,
MALE.

One week:
Akron..................................................
Connecticut, Massachusetts, and
New York.......................................
Ohio (except Akron) and Mich­
igan..................................................
New Jersey and Pennsylvania—
Indiana and Wisconsin..................

3

453

5.8

5.7

47.4

44.4

94

46.74

6

110

5.7

5.5

49.2

47.1

96

38.47

36.81

2
7
2

25
161
10

5.7
5.5
6.0

5.2
5.3
6.0

45.7
46.9
55.0

38.8
41.0
54.1

85
94
98

43.23
41.88
38.50

36.73
39.31
37.91

Total................................................

20

759

5.7

5.6

47.6

44.7

94

44.22

41.52

Two weeks or one-half month:
Akron..................................................
Ohio (except Akron) and Michigan
New Jersey and Pennsylvania___
Indiana and Wisconsin..................

4
7
2
2

94
134
37
32

12.7
12.0
12.0
11.0

11.4
11.2
12.0
9.1

119.5
104.8
102.0
111.8

101.5
94.9
97.6
93.4

85
91
96
84

98.83
88.66
78.44
82.62

83.93
80.29
75.08
69.02

Total................................................

15

297

12.1

11.2

109.8

97.2

89

89.93

79.58




30

WAGES AND HOTJKS IN AUTOMOBILE TIBE INDUSTRY.

T able B . — A V E R A G E N U M B E R OP D A Y S OF W O R K IN O C CU P A TIO N
A N D N U M B E R A C T U A L L Y W O R K E D B Y E M P LO YE E S A N D A V E R ­
A G E HOURS A N D E A R N IN G S, 1923, B Y O C CUPATION, S E X , L E N G T H
OP P A Y P E R IO D , A N D D IST R IC T — Continued.
Average
number of
days on
which—

Occupation, sex, pay period, and
district.

Aver­
age
full­
Estab­ Em­ There Em­
time
lish­ ploy­
was ploy­
hours
work
ees
ments. ees.
per
inoc­ actu­
pay,
cupa­ ally
period.
tion worked
in
in
pay
pay,
penod. period.

Aver­
Aver­
age
Per
age
hours cent
full­
actu­
of
time
ally
full
earn­
worked time
ings
in one work­ per
ed.
pay,
period.
penod.

Aver­
age
earn­
ings
actu­
ally
re­
ceived
in
pay
period.

BUILDERS OR MAKERS, FABRIC TIRES,
MALE.

One week:
Akron..................................................
Connecticut, Massachusetts, and
New York.......................................
Ohio (except Akron) and Michi­
gan....................................................
New Jersey and Pennsylvania___
Indiana and Wisconsin...................

3

103

6 .0

5.8

48.3

45.8

95 $46.51

4

82

5.6

5.2

49.7

45.8

92

40.90

37.66

2
8
2

40
58
16

5.8
5.3
6 .0

5.4
5.2
5.1

45.0
46.4
50.9

39.9
45.6
41.2

89
98
81

44.87
38.09
36.04

39.76
37.45
29.20

299

5.7

5.4

48.0

44.7

93

42.58

39.64

$44.04

Total................................................

19

Two weeks or one-half month:
Akron...... ...........................................
Ohio (except Akron) and Michi­
gan....................................................
Indiana and Wisconsin...................

2

5

11.4

10.4

117.2

91.7

78

97.51

76.28

7
3

82
18

11.8
12.2

11.0
11.1

109.0
116.6

92.5
104.9

85
90

92.54
86.98

78.60
78.20

Total...........................................1..

12

105

11.8

11.0

110.7

94.6

85

91.77

78.42

CALENDER MEN, MALE.

One week:
Akron..................................................
Connecticut, Massachusetts, and
New York.......................................
Ohio (except Akron) and Michi­
gan....................................................
New Jersey and Pennsylvania___
Indiana and Wisconsin...................

3

66

5.8

5.7

48.2

45.1

94

52.88

49.45

12

42

5.7

5.7

49.9

48.8

98

41.17

40.26

3
9
3

13
35
8

5.8
5.7
6 .0

5.8
5.6
5.6

50.4
52.4
51.9

49.4
52.1
48.3

98
99
93

42.39
41.97
33.32

41.51
41.77
31.02

Total................................................

30

164

5.8

5.7

49.9

48.0

96

45.66

43.93

4

18

13.4

12.6

112.7

106.0

94 112.93

106.14

8
2
3

23
4
13

12.6
12.3
12.3

12.5
11.3
12.2

126.6
99.8
116.9

117.4
97.2
114.8

93 104.57
97 95.81
98 90.60

97.00
93.33
88.94

Two weeks or one-half month:
Akron..................................................
Ohio (except Akron) and Michi­
gan....................................................
New Jersey and Pennsylvania___
Indiana and Wisconsin..................
Total................................................

17

CALENDER M E N , FIRST, MALE.

:

58

:'

12.8

12.3
’

118.3 !| 111.9
_____

95 103.39
97.78
— "— = = = = = = = = =

One week:
Akron..................................................
Conneticut, Massachusetts, and
New York.......................................
Ohio (except Akron) and Michi­
gan....................................................
New Jersey and Pennsylvania___
Indiana and Wisconsin...................

3

69

5.9

5.8

48.1

45.5

95

46.03

10

38

5.8

5.6

49.1

46.5

95

33.68

31.87

3
8
2

21
32
7

6 .0

5.6
6.0 .

5.6
5.6
5.6

49.3
52.2
52.1

46.8
52.4
49.6

95
100
95

35.74
32.36
26.05

33.95
32.51
24.83

167

5.8

5.7

49.4

47.4

96

38.33

36.80

43.59

Total................................................

26

Two weeks or one-half month:
Akron..................................................
Ohio (except Akron) and Michi­
gan....................................................
New Jersey and Pennsylvania___
Indiana and Wisconsin...................

4

15

12.8

12.1

112.8

108.9

97

99.83

96.30

8
3
4

29
5
15

12.5
12.8
12.4

11.3
12.6
12.3

125.6
103.0
116.6

97.3
101.4
117.4

77
98
101

90.18
83.64
76.61

69.81
82.25
77.10

Total................................................

19

64

12.6

11.8

118.7

105.0

88

88.91

78.70




GENERAL TABLES,
T

31

B . — A V E R A G E N U M B E R OF D A Y S OF W O R K I N OCCUPATION
A N D N U M B E R A C T U A L L Y W O R K E D B Y EM PLO YEES A N D A V E R ­
AG E HOURS A N D E A R N IN G S, 1928, B Y O CCUPATION, SE X , L E N G T H
OF P A Y PERIOD, A N D D IST R IC T — Continued.

able

Average
number of
days on
which—

Occupation, sex, pay period, and
district.

Estab­ Em­ There
lish­ ploy* was
ments.
work
in oc­
cupa­
tion
period.

Aver­
Aver­ age
Aver­ Aver­
age
Per
age
age
full­
ings
full­ hours cent
actu­
Em­
of
time actu­
ploy­ time
ally
full
earn­
ally i
hours
ees
time
ings
re­
per worked work­
actu­
in one
per ceived
pay, pay,
ally period.
ed.
in
pay^
worked
period.
period. pay
in
period.
pay
period,

earn­

CALENDER MEN'S HELPERS, MALR.

One week:
Akron...... .........................................
Connecticut, Massachusetts, and
New York..................................... .
Ohio (except Akron >and Michigan
New Jersey and Pennsylvania...
Indiana and Wisconsin........... .
Total..............................................

28

137

5.9

5.6

48.1

44.1

$41.80

$38.37

174
51
79
23

5.8
5.7
5.6
6.0

5.5
5.6
5.4
5.4

48.0
48.5
52.4
52.6

47.7
45.1
50.4
46.4

28.90
34.82
30.03
24.20

28.72
32.40
28.86
21.34

464

5.8

5.5

:9. 1

46.8

33.19

31.63

12.8

11.7
11.4
11.6

126.5

100.6

119.1

95.1
113.5

85.35
73.37
68.71
66.33

72.84
58.39
64.95
63. IS

118.3

100.3

85

77.01

65.30

Two weeks or one-half month:
Akron................................................
Ohio (except Akron) and Michigan
New Jersey and Pennsylvania___
Indiana and Wisconsin.................
Total..............................................

12.7
.12.3

12.8
19

12.2

112.6
100.6

95

96.2

198

12.7

11.6

140

5.9

5.8

47.9

46.0

96

38.75

37.20

54
12
26
16

5.8
6.0
5.9
6.0

5.6
6.0
5.6
5.9

50.8
49.2
57.3
54.4

50.2
51.1
56.9
51.7

99
104
95

30.07
36.51
33.06
24.70

29.67
37.95
32. SI
23.43

248

5.9

5.7

50.0

48.7

97

35.20

34.25

12.3
11.0
12.4

113.3
123.3
116.0
114.3

123.5
114.6
102.0
119.9

109
93
88
105

78.97
65.60
63.22
69.49

86.09
60.90
55.55
72.97

12.6

12.0

117.7

117.3

100

71.68

71.39

5.8

5.7

48.0

44.1

5.8
5.9
5.7
6.0

5.6
5.9
5.5
5.5

52.5
47.7
52.5
51.7

50.2
47.2
51.0
46.4

5.8

5.7

50.4

48.0

12.3
12.4
12.3
11.3

11.7

12.2

COMPOUNDERS, MALE.

One week:
Akron................................................
Connecticut, Massachusetts, and
New York.......................................
Ohio (except Akron) and Michigan
New Jersey and Pennsylvania___
Indianaand Wisconsin.............
Total..........................................

29

Two weeks or one-half month:
Akron............................................
Ohio (except Akron) and Michigan
New Jersey and Pennsylvania.. . .
Indiana and Wisconsin.................
Total..............................................

12.7

12.6
12.4
12.4

19

11.8

CURERS, BEADS, MALE.

One week:
Akron................................................
Connecticut, Massachusetts, and
New York.....................................
Ohio (except Akron) and Michigan
New Jersey and New York___
Indiana and Wisconsin.............
Total..........................................

25

204

Two weeks or one-half month:
Akron............................................ .
Ohio (except Akron) and Michigan
New Jersey and New York___
Indiana and Wisconsin.............
Total...........................................




18

91

11.6

113.8

108.7

10.8

103.0
125.1

100.6

11. a

118.0

109.2

12.1

95

122.0 106.4

121.3
93

43.68

40.17

41.69
38.96
38.88

37.94
41.31
37.35
34.89

40.98

39.01

92.29
83.20
60.77
76.19

88.15
72.51
59.32
73.83

82.36

76. IS

32
T

1

WAGES AND HOURS IN AUTOMOBILE TIRE INDUSTRY,

B — A V E R A G E N U M B E R OF D A Y S OF W O R K IN OC CU PATIO N
A N D N U M B E R A C T U A L L Y W O R K E D B Y E M P LO YE E S A N D A V E R i A G E H OURS A N D E A R N IN G S, 1923, B Y OCCUPATION, S E X , L E N G T H
' OF P A Y P ERIOD, A N D D ISTR IC T— Continued.
able

—t . i :

------

■ ■■=
Average
number of
days on
which—

Occupation, sex, pay period, and
district.

Aver­
Aver­
age
Aver­ Aver­
age
age
Per
age
hours cent
tailtags
full­
Estab­ Em­ There Em­
actu­
of
time actu­
lish­ ploy­
was ploy­ time
ally
earn­
ally
hours worked full
ments. ees.
work
ees
time
ings
re­
per
inoc­ actu­
in one work­ per ceived
pay
cupa­ ally
ed.
in
tion worked penod. period.
period. pay
in
in
period.
pay
pay
penod. period.

CTJRERS, TIRES, MALE.

One week:
Akron..................................................
Connecticut, Massachusetts, and
New York.......................................
Ohio (except Akron) and Michigan
New Jersey and Pennsylvania—
Indiana and Wisconsin...................

3

455

6.0

5.6

47.9

43.4

91 $49.53

12
3
9
3

375
51
220
35

5.8
5.7
5.4
6.0

5.5
5.6
5.1
5.2

52.6
48.0
46.9
55.0

47.3
46.4
43.9
50.6

90
97
94
92

41.71
47.23
36.91
41.25

37.45
45.69
34*56
37.94

Total................................................

30

1,136

5.8

5.5

49.5

45.1

91

44.15

40.26

Two weeks or one-half month:
Akron..................................................
Ohio (except Akron) and Michigan
New Jersey and Pennsylvania—
Indiana and Wisconsin...................

4
8
3
4

164
170
75
106

13.1
12.0
12.1
11.2

12.5
10.6
11.6
10.8

106.4
101.4
97.3
121.3

104.8
86.9
92.9
117.3

98
86
95
97

SU
O
xL» to
91.56
77.94
79.82

83.27
78.45
74.45
77.25

Total................................................

19
515
12.2
11.4
===== = = = = = = =

$44.90

106.5
99.7
94 84.56
79.15
-■ -■ —= = = = = = = ^ = ....... —

CTJRERS, TUBES, MALES.

One week:
Akron..................................................
Connecticut, Massachusetts, and
New York.......................................
Ohio (except Akron) and Michigan.
New Jersey and Pennsylvania___
Indiana and Wisconsin...................

3

19

5.8

5.7

48.3

46.4

96

38.59

37.04

5
2
6
3

21
9
12
4

5.3
5.9
5.8
6.0

5.1
5.7
5.0
5.5

48.1
50.2
56.7
53.8

45.3
47.4
51.2
51.5

94
94
90
96

31.31
37.55
32.15
25.02

29.53
35.46
29.05
23.94

Total................................................

19

65

5.7

5.4

50.4

47.4

94

34.17

32.11

Two weeks or one-half month:
Akron..................................................
Ohio (except Akron) and Michigan.
New Jersey and Pennsylvania___
Indiana and Wisconsin...................

3
7
2
3

4
30
5
4

10.0
12.2
12.4
12.0

10.0
10.3
12.2
12.0

111.3
114.7
102.0
124.3

86.5
87.5
108.1
120.6

78
76
106
97

89.26
87.52
71.09
72.34

A
Q
OO
V« O
do
66.74
75.35
70.17

15
—

43

12.0

10.7

113.8

92.9

82

83.64

68.31

Total................................................
FINISHERS AND TREADERS, CORD TIRES,
MALE.

One week:
Akron..................................................
Connecticut, Massachusetts, and
New York..........*.............. ...........
Ohio (except Akron) and Michigan.
New Jersey and Pennsylvania___
Indiana and Wisconsin...................

3

595

5.9

5.7

47.4

43.5

92

46.03

*A AM
4A Z o

6
3
6
3

129
75
240
20

5.7
5.9
5.5
6.0

5.6
5.7
5.2
5.8

48.6
45.6
46.5
54.8

47.5
41.6
43.5
57.6

98
91
94
105

34.75
42.54
37.06
35.02

49 (M
38.76
34.67
OD
A« 7/*7
u
«

93

42.09

Q
Q 17
09*
XI

79 103.74
86 76.63
92 80.93
89 82.58

70 Q*
65.71
74.29
73.80

85

83.91

71
Q
•It A
09

5.3
50.0
45.8
92 28.15
= ==== ~ ~ •=■
■■■

25.77
■■.

Total................................................

21

1,059

5.8

5.5

47.4

44.1

Two weeks or one-half month:
Akron..................................................
Ohio (except Akron) and Michigan.
New Jersey and Pennsylvania___
Indiana and Wisconsin...................

4
8
2
2

86
159
36
66

12.2
11.6
11.7
11.1

11.2
10.7
11.5
9.7

109.1
105.4
102.7
111.9

86.6
90.5
94.3
100.0

Total................................................

16

347

11.7

10.7

107.3

91.7

oo. w

FINISHERS AND TREADERS, CORD TIRES,
FEMALE.

One week:
New Jersey and Pennsylvania___




3
------- —

27
—-

5.8
'■

-

GENERAL, TABLES.
T

33

B . — A V ER A G E N U M B E R OF D A YS OF W O R K IN OCCUPATION
A N D N U M B E R A C T U A L L Y W O R K E D B Y E M P LO YE E S A N D A V E R ­
A GE HOURS A N D E A R N IN G S, 1923, B Y OCCUPATION, SE X , LE N G T H
OF P A Y PERIOD, A N D D ISTR IC T— Continued.

able

Average
number of
days on
which—

Occupation, sex, pay period, and
district.

FINISHERS

AND TREADERS,
TIRES, MALE*

Aver­
Aver­
age
Aver- Aver­
age
Per
earn­
age
age hours
full­
cent
ings
frill,.
Estab­ Em­ There Em­
actu­
of
time actu­
lish- ploy­
was ploy­ time
ally
full
earn­
ally
hours
ments. ees.
work
ees
worked time
ings
re­
per
inoc­ actu­
in one work­ per ceived
pay
cupa­ ally period.
ed.
in
pay
pay
tion worked
penod.
penod. pay
in
in
penod.
pay
pay,
period. period.

FABRIC

One week:
Akron..................................................
Connecticut, Massachusetts, and
New York......................................
Ohio (except Akron) andMichigan
New Jersey and Pennsylvania___
Indiana and Wisconsin...................

3

212

6.0

5.7

48.3

43.8

91 $45.02

4
2
7
2

82
68
88
29

5.5
5.7
5.4
6.0

5.3
5.3
4.9
4.9

49.4
45.0
48.3
50.7

46.6
37.2
43.1
39.5

94
83
89
78

40.31
44.87
3492
32.30

38.00
37.08
31.19
25.15

89

41.60

37.09

80 106.53
74 82.01
88 82.49

84 84
60.55
72.25
6428

$40.81

Total................................................

18

479

5.8

5.4

48.2

43.0

Two weeks or one-half month:
Akron..................................................
Ohio (except Akron) andMichigan
Indiana and Wisconsin...................

2
6
3

4
86
30

12.5
11.2
12.1

11.0
9.6
10.8

118.5
112.2
115.7

94.4
82.8
101.4

Total................................................

11

120

11.5

9.9

113.3

87.8

77

3

116

5.8

5.6

48,0

43.1

90

43.15

38.73

5
6
2

25
9
18
9

6.0
6.0
5.9
6.0

5.6
5.8
5.6
5.8

47.2
50.3
54.3
55.0

46.8
47.1
50.0
49.3

99
94
92
90

29.55
38.93
29.70
28.55

29.28
36.43
27.37
25.59

Total................................................

18

177

5.9

5.6

49.0

44.8

91

38.76

35.46

Two weeks or one-half month:
Akron..................................................
Ohio (except Akron) andMichigan
Indiana and Wisconsin...................

4
4
2

15
10
7

13.2
11.6
12.3

12.0
11.3
11.9

113.9
110.2
112.1

104.5
98.8
108.4

92
90
97

83.72
89.37
57.28

76.76
80.17
55.46

10

32

12.5

11.8

112.3

103.6

92

79.28

73.16

One week:
Connecticut, Massachusetts, and
New York.......................................
New Jersey and Pennsylvania.. . .
Indiana and Wisconsin..................

4
4
2

16
13
16

5.1
6.0
5.9

4.9
6.0
5.7

47.5
54.2
54.7

41.5
52.6
42.5

87
97
78

20.33
20.70
27.08

17.73
20.08
21.05

Total................................................

10

45

5.6

5.5

52.0

45.0

87

22.62

19.59

82.94

FINISHERS, TUBES, MALE.

One week:
Akron..................................................
Connecticut, Massachssetts, and
New York.......................................
Ohio (except Akron) andMichigan
New Jersey and Pennsylvania—
Indiana and Wisconsin...................

Total..............................................

2

FINISHERS, TUBES, FEMALE.

LABORERS, MALE.

One week:
Akron..................................................
Connecticut, Massachusetts, and
New York........................... ..........
Ohio (except Akron) and Michigan
New Jersey and Pennsylvania___
Indiana and Wisconsin...................

3

340

6.0

5.8

48.2

47.0

98

34.61

33.79

12
3
9
3

373
104
239
99

5.9
6.0
5.9
6.0

5.5
5.5
5.4
5.3

49.3
54.1
55.4
52.7

49.4
52.0
51.8
46.4

100
96
94
88

24.65
26.02
23.16
21.40

24.71
25.00
21.65
18.83

Total................................................
Two weeks or one-half month:
Akron..................................................
Ohio (except Akron) and Michigan
New Jersey and Pennsylvania___
Indiana and Wisconsin..................

30

1,155

6.0

5.6

51.0

49.2

96

27.23

26.27

4
8
3
4

136
165
51
97

13.6
13.2
13.3
11.8

12.1
11.0
10.7
9.5

117.8
117.7
104.6
117.0

113.2
106.6
95.6
95.6

96
91
91
82

58.19
50.26
45.81
53.12

55.89
45.52
41.89
43.41

Total................................................

19

449

13.0

11.0

116.1

105.0

90

52.83

47.79




WAGES AND HOURS IN AUTOMOBILE TIRE INDUSTRY,

34
T

B . — A V E R A G E N U M B E R OF D A Y S OF W O R K IN O C CU PATIO N
AND NUM BER ACTUALLY W ORKED B Y EM PLOYEES AN D AVER­
A G E H OURS A N D E A R N IN G S , 1923, B Y O C CUPATION, S E X , L E N G T H
OF P A Y PERIOD, A N D D IST R IC T — Continued.

able

Average
number of
days on
which—

Occupation, sex, pay period, and
district.

Estab­ Em ­ There
lish­ ploy­
was
work
ments. ees.
inoc­
cupa­
tion
in
pay
period.

Aver­
age
Aver­
Aver­ Aver­
age
earn­
age
Per
age hours cent
full­
ings
fu
ll
lu ll actu­
of
Em­ time
time actu­
full
earn­
ally
ploy­ hours ally
worked time
ees
ings
re­
per in one work­ per ceived
actu­
pay
in
ally period. pay
ed.
pay
worked
period.
penod. pay .
in
period.
pay
period.

MILLMEN, MALE.

One week:
Akron..................................................
Connecticut, Massachusetts, and
New York.......................................
Ohio (except Akron) and Michigan
New Jersey and Pennsylvania___

3

622

5 .9

5 .8

4 8 .1

4 5 .9

95 $ 4 0 .8 4

$ 3 8 .9 6

..................

12
3
9
3

158
59
177
15

5 .8
5 .8
5 .6
6 .0

5 .5
5 .4
5 .1
5 .6

4 9 .2
4 7 .4
5 3 .0
5 3 .5

4 9 .2
4 4 .6
5 0 .6
5 0 .0

100
94
95
93

3 1 .7 3
3 5 .2 2
3 2 .1 2
2 9 .3 2

3 1 .7 2
3 3 .1 7
3 0 .6 3
2 7 .4 3

Total................................................

30

1 ,0 6 7

5 .8

5 .6

4 9 .3

4 7 .3

96

3 7 .1 7

3 5 .6 3

Two weeks or one-half month:
Akron..................................................
Ohio (except Akron) and Michigan
New Jersey and Pennsylvania___
Indiana and Wisconsin...................

4
8
3
4

131
116
34
49

1 2 .4
1 2 .2
1 2 .0
1 2 .1

1 1 .4
1 1 .2
1 1 .3
1 1 .6

1 1 2 .4
1 2 1 .7
1 3 4 .5
1 1 6 .4

102 .1
1 0 7 .2
1 1 0 .6
1 0 9 .4

91
88
82
94

7 8 .7 9
7 6 .0 6
8 0 .3 0
7 5 .5 4

7 1 .5 4
6 6 .9 9
6 6 .0 3
7 0 .9 9

Total................................................

19

330

1 2 .2

1 1 .4

1 1 8 .5

1 0 5 .9

89

7 7 .6 2

6 9 .3 0

3

T n d ift-n a a n d W i s c o n s in

RIMMERS, MALE.

One week:
Akron......................................... ..
Connecticut, Massachusetts, and
New Y o rk .....................................
Ohio (except Akron) and Michi­
gan....................................................
New Jersey and Pennsylvania___
Indiana and Wisconsin...................

82

6 .0

5 .8

4 7 .9

4 4 .1

92

4 8 .9 1

4 5 .0 2

5

47

5 .8

5 .5

4 9 .5

4 8 .9

99

3 7 .5 7

3 7 .1 1

3
8
2

37
62
5

5 .7
5 .4
6 .0

5 -3
4 .9
6 .0

1 7 .5
4 7 .4
5 1 .0

4 3 .8
4 3 .7
4 7 .4

92
92
93

4 0 .2 3
8 5 .3 6
3 9 .3 7

3 7 .1 0
3 2 .6 2
3 6 .5 9

Total............................ ....................

21

233

5 .8

5 .4

4 8 .1

4 5 .0

94

4 1 .3 7

3 8 .6 9

3

20

1 2 .2

1 1 .8

1 1 4 .3

1 1 9 .0

104

8 7 .9 0

9 1 .4 5

8
3
3

33
14
13

1 1 .8
1 2 .1
1 1 .5

1 1 .4
1 1 .6
1 0 .2

9 9 .5
9 8 .1
1 2 3 .0

9 3 .9
9 2 .8
1 0 4 .3

94
95
85

7 7 .8 1
8 0 .1 5
6 7 .0 4

7 3 .4 2
7 5 .7 8
5 6 .9 0

17

80

1 1 .9

1 1 .3

1 0 6 .8

1 0 1 .7

95

7 9 .4 6

7 5 .6 5

Two weeks or one-half month:
Akron..................................................
Ohio (except Akron) and Michi­
gan....................................................
New Jersey and Pennsylvania.. . .
Indiana and Wisconsin...................
Total................................................
SKIVERS, TUBES, MALE.

One week:
Akron....................... .......................
Connecticut, Massachusetts, and
New York.......................................
New Jersey and Pennsylvania___
Indiana and Wisconsin...................

2

12

6 .0

5 .8

4 7 .8

4 4 .7

94

3 6 .5 2

3 4 .1 1

5
6
2

6
10
8

5 .0
5 .9
6 .0

4 .8
5 .7
4 .9

4 7 .5
5 1 .0
5 4 .4

4 1 .3
4 8 .5
3 6 .6

87
95
67

3 1 .5 4
3 8 .5 1
3 4 .1 6

2 7 .4 3
3 6 .6 1
2 3 .0 2

36

5 .8

5 .4

5 0 .1

4 3 .4

87

3 6 .0 7

3 1 .2 3

Total................................................

15

Two weeks or one-half month:
Akron..................................................
Ohio (except Akron) and Michi­
gan....................................................
New Jersey and Pennsylvania___

3

6

1 3 .0

1 3 .0

1 1 1 .5

1 27 .1

114

8 4 .2 9

9 6 .1 2

5
.2

Id
5

1 2 .6
1 2 .4

1 1 .1
1 1 .2

1 1 7 .6
1 0 2 .0

9 9 .0
1 0 1 .6

84
100

7 1 .8 5
7 1 .3 0

6 0 .5 5
7 1 .0 2

Total................................................

10

21

1 2 .7

1 1 .7

1 1 2 .1

1 0 7 .7

96

7 6 .2 3

7 3 .2 0




GENERAL TABLES,
T

35

B . — A V E R A G E N U M B E R OF D A YS OF W O R K IN OC CU PATIO N
A N D N U M B E R A C T U A L L Y W O R K E D B Y E M P LO YE E S A N D A V E R ­
A G E HOURS A N D E A R N IN G S, 1923, B Y OCCUPATION, S E X , LE N G TH
OF P A Y PERIOD, A N D D IS T R IC T — Continued.

able

Average
number of
days on
which—

Occupation, sex^, pay period, and

Aver­
age
full­
Em­
time
ploy­
hours
ees
per
actu­
pay
ally period.
worked
in

Estab­ Em­ There
lish­ ploy-* was
work
ments. ees.
in oc­
cupa­
tion
in
pay
pay,
peno$. period.

Aver­
Aver­
age
age
Per
hours cent
full­
actu­
time
of
earn­
ally
fnll
worked time
ings
in one work­
per
ed.
pay
pay
period.
period.

Aver­
age
earn­
ings
actu­
ally
re­
ceived
in
pay
period.

•

SPLICERS, TUBES, MALE.

One week:
Akron..................................................
Connecticut, Massachusetts, and
New York.......................................
Ohio (except Akron) and Michi­
gan....................................................
New Jersey and Pennsylvania___

3

71

5.7

5.5

48.2

42.3

88 $41.98

$36.80

7

34

5.8

5.5

47.7

47.1

99

27.90

27.51

2
7

4
15

5.8
5.9

5.8
5 9

47.8
51.5

47.2
52.0

99
101

39.39
35.23

38.88
35.56

124

5.8

5.5

48.5

44.9

93

36.91

34.17

Total................................................

19

Two weeks or one-half month:
Akron..................................................
Ohio (except Akron) and Michi­
gan....................................................
New Jersey and Pennsylvania___

1

9

12.9

12.8

110.9

109.9

99

83.29

82.54

5
3

17
8

12.6
12.3

10.6
12.0

111.9
104.1

91.8
101.1

82
97

79.34
69.23

65.07
67.18

Total................................................

12

34

12.6

11.5

1C9.8

98.8

90

78.07

70.19

2

9

12.2

9.7

111.9

70.8

63

48.79

30.86

3

59

6.0

5.7

48.0

43.5

91

47.95

43.47

5

43

5.9

5.6

51.1

49.4

97

39.65

38.27

3
9
2

15
69
3

5.7
5.3
6.0

5.7
4.7
6.0

47.9
45.0
51.7

46.8
38.3
45.0

98
85
87

48.42
37.53
42.70

47.34
31.89
37.17

22

189

5.7

5.3

47.7

43.2

91

42.26

38.27

3

15

13.1

11.5

119.5

118.3

99

92.25

91.29

8
3
3

38
14
19

11.4
12.1
11.4

10.8
11.8
10.5

99.3
98.1
121.9

88.0
93.5
116.3

89
95
95

84.01
80.44
79.72

74.47
76.67
75.99

17

86

11.8

11.0

107.7

100.4

93

83.79

78.10

2

SPLICERS, TUBES, FEMALE.

Two weeks or one-half month:
Ohio (except Akron) and Michi­
gan....................................................
STRIPPERS, AIR BAGS, MALE.

One week:
Akron..................................................
Connecticut, Massachusetts, and
New York.......................................
Ohio (except Akron) and Michi­
gan....................................................
New Jersey and Pennsylvania___
Indiana and Wisconsin...................
Total................................................
Two weeks or one-half month:
Akron..................................................
Ohio (except Akron) and Michi­
gan....................................................
New Jersey and Pennsylvania___
Indiana and Wisconsin...................
Total................................................
STRIPPERS, CORE, MALE.

One week:
Akron..................................................
Connecticut, Massachusetts, and
New York.......................................
Ohio (except Akron) and Michi­
gan....................................................
New Jersey and Pennsylvania___

33

5.9

5.7

48.0

43.8

91

47.38

43.25

4

20

5.7

5.6

48.2

47.3

98

37.69

3& 97

2
3

13
27

5.5
5.4

5.2
5.0

45.2
44.8

40.5
41.4

90
92

48.54
35.35

43.45
32.64

Total................................................

11

93

5.6

5.4

46.7

43.4

93

41.80

38.85

Two weeks or one-half month'
Akron..................................................
Ohio (except Akron) and Michi­
gan....................................................
Indiana and Wisconsin...................

3

24

13.2

12.4

111.3

99.6

89

86.81

77.67

5
2

24
4

11.7
10.5

10.2
10.8

102.4
126.8

91.1
113.0

89
89

72.91
78.11

64.85
69.55

T o ta ls............................................

10

52

12.3

11.3

108.4

96.7

89

79.78

71.13




36
T

WAGES AND HOUBS IN AUTOMOBILE TIBE INDUSTBY,

B . — A V E R A G E N U M B E R OF D A Y S OF W O R K IN OC CU P A TIO N
A N D N U M B E R A C T U A L L Y W O R K E D B Y E M P LO YE E S A N D A V E R ­
A G E HOURS A N D E A R N IN G S, 1923, B Y O C CUPATION, S E X , L E N G T H
OF P A Y P E R IO D , A N D D IST R IC T — Continued.

able

Average
number of
days on
which—

Occupation, sex, pay period, and

Aver­
Aver­
Aver­
age
Aver­
age
Per
age
earn­
age
hours cent
full­
ings
full­ actu­
Estab­ Em­ There Em­
of
time actu­
lish­ ploy­ * was ploy­ time
ally
full
earn­
ally
hours
work
ments. ees.
ees
worked time
re­
per in one work­ ings
inoc­ actu­
per ceived
pay
cupa­ ally
ed.
in
pay
pay
tion worked penod. penod.
penod. pay
in
in
penod.
pay
period. penod.

STRIPPERS, TUBES, MALE.

One week:
Akron..................................................
Connecticut, Massachusetts, and
New York.......................................
Ohio (except Akron) and Michi­
gan....................................................
New Jersey and Pennsylvania___
Indiana and Wisconsin...................
Total................................................

3

74

5.8

5.6

48.4

44.4

92 $44.04

$40.44

5

31

5.9

5.6

48.4

47.7

99

28.31

27.90

2
7
3

7
24
15

5.6
5.6
6.0

5.6
5.5
5.9

49.0
48.2
54.0

41.5
47.2
45.0

85
98
83

43.37
33.74
34.51

36.73
33.04
28.74

20

151

5.8

5.6

48.9

45.5

93

38.04

35.35

Two weeks or one-half month:
Akron..................................................
Ohio (except Akron) and Michi­
gan....................................................
New Jersey and Pennsylvania___
Indiana and Wisconsin...................

4

10

12.7

12.1

113.9

109.5

96

86.56

83.19

7
2
2

24
7
6

12.3
12.3
12.0

11.2
10.6
11.2

113.5
93.1
116.7

94.2
89.5
109.9

83
96
94

76.50
70.10
74.80

63.52
67.36
70.41

Total................................................

15

47

12.3

11.3

111.0

98.8

89

77.70

69.16

TEAR-DOWN MEN, MALE.

One week:
Akron..................................................
Connecticut, Massachusetts, and
New York......................................
Ohio (except Akron) and Michi­
gan....................................................
New Jersey and Pennsylvania___
Indiana and Wisconsin...................
Total................................................

3

86

6.0

5.7

48.0

43.6

91

48.91

44.45

4

23

5.7

5.5

49.5

47.8

97

35.15

33.96

3
7
2

29
55
5

5.9
5.3
6.0

5.9
4.7
5.6

48.5
46.0
51.0

47.7
40.8
41.4

98
89
81

39.14
35.37
36.87

38.53
31.35
29.92

198

5.8

5.4

47.7

43.9

92

41.69

38.36

19
=====

'Two weeks or one-half month:
Ohio (except Akron) and Michi­
gan....................................................
New Jersey and Pennsylvania___

7
3

23
14

11.5
11.6

10.8
11.6

98.3
98.1

87.4
94.4

89
96

77.36
77.89

68.80
74.97

Total................................................

10

37

11.5

11.1

98.2

90.1

92

77.57

71.13

37.33

TREAD CUTTERS, MALE.

One week:
Akron..................................................
Connecticut, Massachusetts, and
New York......................................
Ohio (except Akron) and Michi­
gan....................................................
New Jersey and Pennsylvania___
Indiana and Wisconsin ..................

3

26

6.0

5.8

48.0

42.7

89

41.95

10

35

5.8

5.6

48.4

47.9

99

33.01

32.67

2
8
2

5
37
3

6.0
5.4
6.0

5.8
4.9
5.7

55.0
53.2
51.7

54.9
45.5
48.0

100
86
93

44.00
29.47
21.35

43.90
25.21
19.84

Total................................................

25

106

5.7

5.4

50.4

46.1

91

34.27

31.37

Two weeks or one-half month:
Akron..................................................
Ohio (except Akron) and Michi­
gan....................................................
New Jersey and Pennsylvania___
Indiana and Wisconsin...................

2

3

13.0

13.0

112.0

115.1

103

71.23

73.26

5
2
2

22
3
2

12.1
12.0
14.0

10.0
12.0
14.0

108.0
114.3
125.0

83.5
101.7
122.0

77
89
98

69.23
43.78
63.13

53.59
38.90
61.58

Total................................................

11

30

12.3

10.7

110.2

91.1

83

66.12

54.62




GENERAL TABLES.
T

87

B . — A V ER A GE N U M B E R OF D A Y S OF W O R K IN OCCUPATION
A N D N U M B E R A C T U A L L Y W O R K E D B Y E M P LO YE E S A N D A V E R ­
AGE HOURS A N D E A R N IN G S, 1923, B Y OCCUPATION, SE X , L E N G T H
OF P A Y PERIOD, A N D D IST R IC T — Continued.

able

Average
number of
days on
which—

Occupation, sex, pay period, and

Estab­ Em­
lish­ ploy­
ments. ees.

There
was
work
inoc­
cupa­
tion
in
pay
period.

Em­
ploy­
ees
actu­
ally
worked
in
pay
period.

Aver­
age
full­
time
hours
per
pay
penod.

Aver­
Aver­
age
age
Per
hours cent
full­
actu­
time
of
ally
full
earn­
worked time
ings
in one work­ per
ed.
Pay
pay
period.
period.

Aver­
age
earn­
ings
actu­
ally
re­
ceived
in
pay
period.

TRUCKERS, MALE.

One week:
Akron..................................................
Connecticut, Massachusetts, and
New York.......................................
Ohio (except Akron) ;andMichigan
New Jersey and Pennsylvania___
Indiana and Wisconsin...................

3

512

5.9

5.8

48.1

46.3

7
3
8
3

107
88
89
43

5.9
5.8
5.5
6.0

5.6
5.5
4.6
5.5

47.8
47.5
55.2
54.0

51.7
44.7
44.8
48.2

5.9

5.6

49.0

46.7

96 $40.45

$38.90

108
94
81
89

25.76
32.25
25.28
23.54

27.85
30.34
20.51
20.95

95

35.38

33.72

Total................................................

24

839

Two weeks or one-half month:
Akron..................................................
Ohio (except Akron) and Michigan..................................................
New Jersey and Pennsylvania___
Indiana and Wisconsin...................

4

62

13.1

11.1

113.5

95.2

84

69.46

58.31

8
2
3

98
22
54

12.2
12.3
11.9

10.6 114.7
12.2 •100.8
9.4 114.2

99.2
114.6
92.9

86
114
81

59.53
47.48
57.67

51.49
53.92
46.93

Total................................................

17

236

12.4

10.6

112.9

98.1

87

CO. 40

52.46

TUBE MACHINE OPERATORS, MALE.

One week:
Akron..................................................
Connecticut, Massachusetts, and
New York......................................
Ohio (except Akron) and Michigan
New Jersey and Pennsylvania___
Indianapolis and Wisconsin..........

3

19

5.9

5.9

48.3

49.3

102

45.50

46.42

8
3
6
2

14
8
13
7

6.0
5.9
5.7
6.0

6.0
5.9
5.0
5.1

48.5
50.0
56.0
52.1

55.2
50.4
48.5
41.6

114
101
87
80

34.77
45.95
29.62
27.87

39.58
46.37
25.69
22.27

Total................................................

22

61

5.9

5.6

50.7

49.7

98

38.38

37.65

Two weeks or one-half month:
Akron..................................................
Ohio (except Akron) and Michi­
gan...................................................
New Jersey and Pennsylvania___
Indiana and Wisconsin...................

4

8

12.5

11.9

111.6

104.4

94

86.16

80.62

8
3
3

18
5
4

12.7
11.4
11.8

11.9
11.2
11.8

123.1
103.0
112.3

107.0
90.7
104.3

87
88
93

85.55
74.37
73.67

74.41
65.49
68.38

Total................................................

18

35

12.3

11.8

116.3

103.8

89

82.81

73.87

TUBE MACHINE FEEDERS, MALE.

One week:
Akron..................................................
Connecticut, Massachusetts, and
New York......................................
Ohio (except Akron) and Michi­
gan....................................................
New Jersey and Pennsylvania___
Indiana and Wisconsin...................

3

16

5.8

5.5

48.3

45.7

95

41.73

39.51

5

15

6.0

5.6

47.3

50.6

107

27.77

29.70

2
5
2

6
9
8

5.8
5.8
6.0

5.5
5.8
5.6

48.3
56.1
51.9

46.6
57.9
45.6

96
103
88

41.63
22.44
24.34

40.17
23.15
21.39

Total................................................

17

54

5.9

5.6

AQ S i

A Q 9.

99

31.82

31.44

4

11

12.5

11.8

112.9

103.5

92

73.95

67.77

8
2 i
2 1

19
4
4

12.6
11.8
12.5

11.7
11.0
12.5

123.5
99.8
113.8

102.2
84.8
108.1

S3
85
95

75.95
78.64
72.49

62.87
66.79
68.89

16 ! :

38

12.5

11.8

116.9

101.3

87

75.49

65.33

Two weeks or one-half month:
Akron..................................................
Ohio (except Akron) and Michi­
gan....................................................
New Jersey and Pennsylvania—
Indiana and Wisconsin...................
Total................................................




3$
T

WAGES AND HOURS IN AUTOMOBILE TIRE INDUSTRY.

B . — A V E R A G E N U M B E R OF B A Y S OF W O R K IN OC CU P A TIO N
A N D N U M B E R ACTU ALLY W O R K ED B Y EM PLOYEES A N D AVER­
A G E H O U R S A N D E A R N IN G S, 1923, B Y O C C U P A TIO N , S E X , L E N G T H
OF P A Y P E R IO D , A N D D IST R IC T — Continued.

a m e

Average
number of
days on
which—

Occupation1
, sex^pay period, and

Estab­ Em­
lish­ ploy­
ments. ees.

There
was
work
in oc­
cupa­
tion
in
pay
period.

Aver­
age
full­
. Em ­
ploy­ time
hours
ees
per
actu­
pay
ally
worked period.
in
pay
period.

Aver­
Aver­
Aver­ age
age
Per
age
earn­
hours cent
full­
ings
actu­
of
time actu­
full
earn- ally
ally
worked <time * ings
re­
in one work­
per ceived
pay
ed.
in
pay
period.
period. pay
period.

TUBE ROLLERS, MALE.

One week:
Akron....................... .................. ..
Connecticut, Massachusetts, and
New York............. ........................
Ohio (except Akron) and Michigan.......................... ............. ..........
New Jersey and Pennsylvania.-..
Indiana and Wisconsin................
Total................................................

3

67

5.9

5.8

48.1

45.0

94 $4401

9

62

5.8

5.3

48.1

44.8

93

31.84

29.67

2
5
3

6
28
22

5.7
5.5
6.0

5.5
5.2
5.5

50.3
47.7
53.6

41.8
44.9
42.9

83
94
80

40.20
3420
31.78

33.43
32.24
25.43

22

185

5.8

5.5

48.8

44.6

91

37.04

33.84

$41.17

Two weeks or one-half month:
Akron................................... .............
Ohio (except Akron) and Michi­
gan................. , .................................
New Jersey and Pennsylvania. . . .
Indiana and Wisconsin.. . - ............

4

12

12.8

11.9

113.0

109.0

96

88.03

84.84

7
3
2

34
16
13

12.4
12.3
11.4

11.1
11.3
11.3

114.9
106.9
114.6

100.1
96.0
111.3

87 76.41
90 .67.77
97 67.44

66.61
60.87
65.11

Total................................................

16

75

12.3

11.3

112.8

102.6

91

74 79

68.05

3

82

5.9

5.5

48.0

44.0

92

44.21

40.54

6

33

5.8

5.5

48.1

46.3

96

28.33

27.36

2
7
2

8
26
26

5.3
5.7
6.0

5.3
5.2
5.5

47.8
51.5
54.0

42.2
46.4
41.5

88
90
77

38.48
35.17
29.75

33.92
31.68
22.90

90

37.72

33.82

TUBE WRAPPERS, MALE.

One week:
Akron..................................................
Connecticut, Massachusetts, and
New York.......................... ............
Ohio (except Akron) and Michi­
gan............... .............. ......................
New Jersey and Pennsylvania___
Indiana and Wisconsin...................
Total................................................

20

175

5.8

5.5

49.5

44.4

Two weeks or one-half month:
Akron................................... - ............
Ohio (except Akron) and Michi­
gan.......................... .........................
New Jersey and Pennsylvania.. . .
Indiana and Wisconsin...................

13
4
7
2
2

T2.5

11.9

112.9

10T.2

95

87.05

82.68

30
11
8

12.1
12.1
12.0

10.9
11.0
11.8

114.6
106.9
115.0

94.9
97.0
110.0

83
01
96

76.67
74 94
65.67

63.47
67.95
62.79

Total...............................................

15

62

12.2
=

11.3

One week:
Akron.................................................
Connecticut, Massachusetts, and
New York.......................... . ..........
Ohio (except Akron) and Michi­
gan...................................................
New Jersey and Pennsylvania___
Indiana and Wisconsin...................
Total................................................
Two weeks or one-half month:
Akron..................................................
Ohio (except Akron) and Michi­
gan...................................................
New Jersey and Pennsylvania___
Total................................................




112.9
“

VALVE INSERTERS, MALE.

99.8
88 77. U
68.20
' 1'' = = S B ...... ' |J' 1==s=s=

3

47

5.7

5.5

48.2

41.8

87

36.82

4

12

5.6

5.5

47.8

447

94

26.58

24 84

2
6
3

7
13
12

5.6
5.9
5.9

5.4
5.2
5.8

44.4
50.8
54.6

46.1
43.8
45. T

104
86
84

35.83
35.66
3407

37.22
30.77
28.51

18

91

5.8

5.5

49.0

43.3

88

34.84

30.80

4

5

12.8

12.8

111.4

1143

103

72.63

7452

7
2

13
5

12.7
12.4

10.8
12.2

125.7
93.0

95.0
111.0

76
119

$1.45
46.60

6460
55.69

13

23

12.7

11.5

115.5

102.7

89

69.88

63.12

31.96

GENERAL TABLES,
T

39

B . — A V E R A G E N U M B E R OF D A YS OF W O R K IN O C CU P A TIO N
A N D N U M B E R A C T U A L L Y W O R K E D B Y E M P LO YE E S A N D A V E R ­
AG E HOURS A N D E A R N IN G S, 1923, B Y OCCUPATION, SE X , L E N G T H
OF P A Y P ERIOD, A N D D ISTR IC T— Concluded.

able

Average
number of
days on
which—

Occupation, sex, _ „
district.

and

Estab­ Em ­
lish­ ploy­
ments. ees.

There
was
work
in oc­
cupa­
tion
in
pay
penod.

Average
full­
Em­ time
ploy­
hours
ees
per
actu­
pay
ally penod.
worked
in
pay
penod.

Aver­
age
Aver­
Aver­
age
age
earn­
Per
ings
hours cent
full­
actu­
of
time actu­
ally
full
earn­
ally
worked time
re­
ings
in one work­
per ceived
in
ed.
pay,
pay
penod.
penod. pay,
penod.

VALVE INSERTERS, FEMALE.

One week:
Connecticut, Massachusetts, and
New York..................................... .

3

5

5.2

5.2

47.3

44.5

94 $24.64

$23.18

OTHER EMPLOYEES, MALE.

One week:
Akron................................................ .
Connecticut, Massachusetts, and
New York..................................... .
Ohio (except Akron) and Michigan
New Jersey and Pennsylvania—
Indiana and Wisconsin.............

3

2,038

5.9

5.7

48.1

45.1

94

39.97

37.47

12
3
9
. 3

1,038
513
702
168

5.9
5.9
5.8
6.0

5.6
5.6
5.3
5.4

48.4
48.4
54.8
52.3

47.6
46.3
50.0
45.7

98
96
91
87

28.36
35.62
27.73
31.69

27.88
34.08
25.30
27.68

30

4,459

5.9

5.6

49.4

46.6

94

34.53

32.56

Two weeks or one-half month:
Akron............... - .............. - ..........
Ohio (except Akron) and Michigan
New Jersey and Pennsylvania—
Indiana and Wisconsin..................

4
8
3
4

359
282
188
277

13.1
12.7
12.8
11.6

11.6
11.6
12.0
9.4

113.0
116.5
100.8
114.8

101.1
109.8
102.8
93.6

89
94
102
82

76.73
65.47
55.74
59.35

68.63
61.68
56.86
48.38

Total................................................

19

1,106

12.6

11.1

112.3

101.7

91

66.03

59.79

Total...........................................

OTHER EMPLOYEES, FEMALE.

One week:
Akron.................................................
Connecticut, Massachusetts, and
New York..................................... .
Ohio (except Akron) and Michigan
New Jersey and Pennsylvania___
Indiana and Wisconsin.............
Total...........................................
Two weeks or one-half month:
Akron.............................................
Ohio (except Akron) and Michi^
New Jersey and Pennsylvania___
Indiana and Wisconsin.............
Total...........................................




3

367

6.0

5.6

46.8

41.8

89

23.31

20.84

9
3
7
3

189
21
81
74

5.7
6.0
5.8
6.0

5.4
5.4
5.2
5.7

48.4
48.2
52.6
53.8

44.2
42.9
45.6
42.9

91
89
87
80

20.57
27.96
18.62
21.36

18.80
24.88
16.15
17.04

25

732

5.9

5.5

48.6

43.0

88

22.06

19.52

3
3
2
4

75
46
61
54

11.5
12.5
12.5
12.0

9.8
12.2
11.5
11.2

110.9
109.0
109.7
110.6

82.5
94.3
94.9
98.1

74
87
87
89

47.02
40.11
36.53
40.81

34.95
34.71
31.65
36.26

12

236

12.0

11.0

110.2

91.6

83

41.33

34.35

40

WAGES AND HOURS IN AUTOMOBILE TIRE INDUSTRY.

T able C .— A V E R A G E A N D CLASSIFIED E A R N IN G S PER H OUR IN
SE L E C T E D OCCUPATIONS, 1923, B Y S E X A N D D IST R IC T .
Employees whose earnings per hour were—

| Occupation, sex, and district.

Aver­
age
Estab­ Em­ earn­
25 30 35
lish­ ployand and and
ings
un­ un­ un­
ments.
per
der
der
hour. 30 der
35 40
cts. cts. cts.

40
and
un­
der
50
cts.

50
and
un­
der
60
cts.

60
and
un­
der
70
cts.

70
and
un­
der
80
cts.

80
and
un­
der
90
cts.

$1

90
$1.25
cts.
and
and and
un­
un­
un­
der
der
der
$1.25
$1.50
$.

1

ASSEMBLERS, MALE.

218 $0,819

Akron...............................................
Connecticut, Massachusetts, and
New Y o rk ...................................
Ohio (except Akron) and Michi­
gan.................................................
New Jersey and Pennsylvania..
Indiana and Wisconsin................
Total...............................

192

44

134
139
80

.665
.518
.607

14

763

.670

14

146

.550

13

12

104 154

158 158

28

18

ASSEMBLERS, FEMALE.

Akron...............................................
Connecticut, Massachusetts, and
New York.................................. .
Ohio (except Akron) and Michi­
gan................................................
New Jersey and Pennsylvania...
Indiana and Wisconsin...........
Total......................................

86

.536

.404

22

.498 219

38

36

84 156

54

BUILDERS AND FINISHERS, MALE.

Akron...............................................
Connecticut, Massachusetts, and
New York....................................
Ohio (except Akron) and Mich­
igan...............................................
New Jersey and Pennsylvania..
Indiana and Wisconsin...........
Total.
BUILDERS

.937

3

313

.919

11

228
63
70

.877
.758
.719

1

31 1,043

28

83 167

249

247

15

OR MAKERS, CORD
TIRES, MALE.

547

Akron...............................................
Connecticut, Massachusetts, and
New Y ork...................................
Ohio (except Akron) and Michi­
gan................................................
New Jersey and Pennsylvania..
Indiana and Wisconsin...........
Total.

8 19

110

.784

159
198
42

.871
.730

35 1,056

.900

108

.957

82

.823

24

151 185 385

195

83 144

44

8 21

BUILDERS OR MAKERS, FABRIC
TIRES, MALE.

Akron...............................................
Connecticut, Massachusetts, and
New Y ork...................................
Ohio (except Akron) and Michi­
gan................................................
New Jersey and Pennsylvania..
Indiana and Wisconsin...........
Total.

122
31

58
34

.900
.822
.728

404

.874

20

39

64

1 Including 1 whose earnings per hour were “ 20 and under 25 cents.”
• Including 1 whose earnings per hour were “ 20 and under 25 cents,” and 1 whose earnings per hour
were “ Under 20 cents.”
8 Including 1 whose earnings per hour were “ $1.50 and over.”




GENERAL TABLES,
T

41

C ____A V E R A G E A N D CLASSIFIED E A R N IN G S PER H OUR IN
SE LE C TE D OCCUPATIONS, 1923, B Y S E X A N D D IST R IC T — Concld.

able

Employees whose earnings per hour were—

Occupation, sex, and district.

Aver­
age
25 30 35
Estab­ Em­ earn­
lish­ ploy­ ings and and and
un­ un­
un­
ments. ees.
per der
der der
hour.
30 35 40
cts. cts. cts.

40
and
un­
der
50
cts.

50
and
un­
der
60
cts.

60
and
un­
der
70
cts.

70
and
un­
der
80
cts.

80
and
un­
der
90
cts.

90
cts. $1 $1.25
and and and
un­ un­ un­
der der der
$1.25 $1.50
$1.
'

CURERS, TIRES, MALE.

Akron...............................................
Connecticut, Massachusetts, and
New York....................................
Ohio (except Akron) and Michigan................................................
New Jersey and Pennsylvania..
Indiana and Wisconsin*!..............
Total......................................

7
12

4 129

619 $0,970
375

.793

11
221
12
295
141
7
49 1,651

.925
.794
.689
.869

1
4
4
8

11
13
25

48

94 148

38 114
21

49

3 34 90 37
18 29 68 72 68
18 48 39 10
3
84 178 418 231 271

325

9

14
7
50
25
5 * 1
419
17

FINISHERS AND TREADERS, CORD
TIRES, MALE.

Akron...............................................
Connecticut, Massachusetts, and
New York....................................
Ohio (except Akron) and Michigan.................................................
New Jersey and Pennsylvania. . .
Indiana and Wisconsin.................
Total......................................

7

681

.965

6

129

.715

11
234
8
276
5
86
37 1,406

2

23

44

85 325

186

29

27

26

27

16

1

5 35 22 46 70 35
7 22 30 47 47 113
5
3 13 29 11 23
18 101 131 174 252 494

19
8
1
215

3

.795
.801
.715 —
.866

2
1
1

2

16

2

18

FINISHERS AND TREADERS, CORD
TIRES, FEMALE.

New Jersey and Pennsylvania. .

3

27

.563

1

5

216

.931

4

82

.820

3

8
7
5
29

154
88
59
599

.849
.732
.676
.840

4

12

8

2

5

18

33 121

9

25

27

FINISHERS AND TREADERS,
FABRIC TIRES, MALE.

Akron...............................................
Connecticut, Massachusetts, and
New York....................................
Ohio (except Akron) and Michi­
gan.................................................
New Jersey and Pennsylvania. . .
Indiana and Wisconsin.................
Total......................................

8

1
. 4
1
5

16
9
15
43

30 22 23 26
5
26 29 17
2
23
8
93 102 102 162

32

5

5
84

5

9

95

95

7

8 187 110

54

1
2
2

39

10

LABORERS, MALE.

Akron..............................................
Connecticut, Massachusetts, and
New York......................... ..........
Ohio (except Akron) and Michi­
gan.................................................
New Jersey and Pennsylvania__
Indiana and Wisconsin.................
Total......................................

82

56

39

18
6
12

3

3
4
1

2
2

58 169 702 286 185

86

64

43

7

40 131 485

76

11

1

3

1

7

476

.654

12

373

.499

11
12
7

269
290
196

.448
.422
.430

3
1

21
5
18

49 1,604

.514

4

14

93

51 132
57 197
44 93

39
16
26

MILLMEN, MALE.

Akron...............................................
Connecticut, Massachusetts, and
New York......................... ..........
Ohio (except Akron) and Michi­
gan.................................................
New Jersey and Pennsylvania.. .
Indiana and Wisconsin.................
Total......................................

7

753

.823

2

7

12

158

.647

4

50

65

31

4

11
12
7

175
211
100

.666
.606
.599 . . . .

15
43
6

33
74
42

48
35
34

51
26
7

21
20
5

5
8

2

2
3
4

49 1,397

.735 . . . .

2

9

70 206 222 246 535

89

16

1

17

30

14

17

34

7

6

2

8
9
5
7 13 ’ *6* 13
8 ’ 16
4
36 72 34 54

11

2

TUBE ROLLERS, MALE.

Akron...............................................
Connecticut, Massachusetts, and
New York........................... .
Ohio (except Akron) and Michi­
gan................................................
New Jersey and Pennsylvania..
Indiana and Wisconsin.................
Total......................................




7

79

.894

9

62

.663

9
8
5
38

40
44
35
260

.693
.692
.592
.733

1

l

1

1

1

1
2

5
4
6
16

12

27

17

2

T able D .— NUMBER OF EMPLOYEES IN SELECTED OCCUPATIONS WORKING ON AS M ANY DAYS AS THERE WAS
WORK IN THE OCCUPATION DURING THE PAY PERIOD, CLASSIFIED BY HOURS ACTUALLY WORKED, 1923,
BY SEX AND DISTRICT,
ONE-WEEK PAY PERIOD.

WAGES AND HOURS IN AUTOMOBILE TIRE INDUSTRY.




^
**

GENERAL. TABLES,




09

T able D __ NUMBER OF EMPLOYEES IN SELECTED OCCUPATIONS WORKING ON AS M AN Y DAYS AS THERE WAS
WORK IN THE OCCUPATION DURING THE PAY PERIOD, CLASSIFIED BY HOURS ACTUALLY WORKED, 1923,
BY SEX AND DISTRICT— Continued.

£

ONE-WEEK PAY PERIOD—Concluded.

WAGES AND HOURS IN AUTOMOBILE TIRE INDUSTRY,

A ll employees.

Occupation, sex, and district.

Estab­
lish­
ments.

Employees work­
ing on all days of
operation.

Average
Num­ full-time Num­
ber.
ber.
hours
per week.

Employees who during the pay period worked—

24 28 32 36
Average and and and and
un­ un­ un­ un­ 40
hours
der der der der hrs.
per
28 32 36 40
week.
hrs. hrs. hrs. hrs.

40
and
un­ 45
der hrs.
45
hrs.

45
and
un­ 48
der hrs.
48
hrs.

48
and
un­ 50
der hrs.
50
hrs.

50
55
and
and
un­ 54 55 un­ 60
der hrs. hrs. der hrs.
60
54
hrs.
hrs.

60
and
un­
der
64
hrs.

64
and
un­
der
68
hrs.

68
and 72
un­ hrs.
der and
72 over.
hrs.

LABORERS, MALE.
Akron....................................................................
Connecticut, Massachusetts, and New York.
Ohio (except Akron) and Michigan...............
New Jersey and Pennsylvania........................
tTuifatifl, and Wisconsin.....................................

3
12
3
9
3

340
373
104
239
99

48.2
49.3
54.1
55.4
52.7

280
297
77
185
73

48.7
53.2
58.1
57.1
52.8

1
1 ”2

1

14
11

3

5

1
6

Total...........................................................

30

1,155

51.0

912

53.0

2

5

6

32 102

53

2

24

1

2
1

3
12

42 227
1
21
4 15
5

74 108 27
6
9
5
9
2
2
1
2
3
2 *T

2

5

39

67 248

90 125

12
6

10

71 31 43 34
7 22
23 15
1
2
3
2
2 *2*
5 *2* 4
4
55

1
40
6
3
9

52
49
1
18
3

3
12 ‘ ie*
•5 19
7 37
9 14

24
2
48 ‘ *6* 29
7
7 10
50 17 14
11
2

5
3
10
18

30

15

7
20
1
2
2

42
2
14
4
10
8
6 " *4* 20
1
4 ’ *3* 1
2
14 ” 5* 24 25 14 10
6
5
1 15

1
1

1
10

13

3
1

2

36

32

45

21

15

15

3

3
4

2
8

1
10

1

1

2
2 *Y

2

1

1

59 123

36

30

3
1
7
4

57

63

86 140

3
8
12
7

MILLMEN, MALE.
576
48.1
622
Akron....................................................................
3
123
12
49.2
158
Connecticut, Massachusetts, and New York.
49
3
47.4
Ohio (<oi«ept Akron) and Michigan..............
59
53.0
134
9
177
........................ New Jersey
and Pennsylvania
53.5
36
Indiana and W isconsin....................................
3
51
Total...........................................................

46.9 . . . .
52.9
48.0
55.5
53.8

1

1

T

30

1,067

49.3

918

49.3

3
9
2
5
3

67
62
6
28
22

48.1
48.1
50.3
47.7
53.6

62
40
5
25
14

45.7
49.4
44.8
46.9
46.0

3

22

185

48.8

146

46.9

3

16

44

97

17

TUBE ROLLERS, MALE.
Akron
..
-- _____________ __________
Connecticut, Massachusetts, and New York.
Ohio (except Akron) and Michigan..............
New Jersey and Pennsylvania......................
Indiana and Wisconsin.................................
Total -

T.................................... -




31
2

3

8

4

7
6

2
2

2
2

1

4

31

37

14

12

2

11

12

13

5

....

2

5

....

1

TW O -W EE K OR H ALF-M O N TH PAY PERIOD.

A ll employees.

Occupation, sex, and district.

Employees work­
ing on all days of
operation.

Num­
ber
of estabAverage
lish- Num­ full-time Num­
ments. ber. hours per ber.
pay
period.

Average
hours per
pay
period.

Employees who during the pay period worked—

64
and
un­
der
68
hrs.

68
and
un­
der
72
hrs.

72
and
un­
der
76
hrs.

76
SO 84
88
92
104
96
112
120
and
and and
and and
and
and
and
and
un­ 80 un­ un­ 88 un­ un­ 96 un­ 104 un­ 112 un­ 120 un­ 125
der hrs. der der hrs. der der hrs. der hrs. der hrs. der hrs. der hrs.
80
92 96
84 88
104
112
120
125
hrs. hrs.
hrs.
hrs. hrs.
hrs.
hrs.
hrs.
hrs.

125
and
un­
der
132
hrs.

132
and 140
un­ hrs.
der and
140 over.
hrs.

ASSEMBLERS, MALE.

Total..........................................

1

2
3

65
64
22
56

119.3
107.5
114.4
118.9

42
30
7
38

112.9
104.5
109.1
121.3

16

207

115.0

117

112.4

2
3
2

14
48
12

98.1
108.7
110.7

11
34
4

93.6
95.3
83.8

4

7

74

107.0

49

94.0

4

3
3

309
66

172
41
9
46

98.1
97.6
113.1
121.4

8

8

7

New Jersey and Pennsylvania w
Indiana and Wisconsin -.

1

1

1

1

4

1
6
2
1

*2*

11
2
2

1

4
2

2
1

5

2

3
3
1
4

5

5

1
7

8

7

1
1
3

1

10

8

20

11

13

10

8

2

4
1

4

....

1

10

2

15

1

2
1

4

1

6
5

11

1

11

5

11

1 * y 106
16
1
1
4

1
1

7
3
5

8

2

15

2

2

12

22
12

5
7

7

3

1

ASSEMBLERS, FEMALE.
Akron.............
... Ohio (except Akron) and Michigan.

New jersey and Pennsylvania
Total..........................

1

1

1

2

2

i

1

3

3

3

4

3

7
2

29

2
4

6

1
1

1

2

*

GENERAL TABLES,

4

Akron.............

BUILDERS AND FINISHERS, MALE.
Akron...............
Ohio (except Akron) and Michigan.

Pennsylvania and New Jersey
Indiana and Wisconsin

Total.....................................

3

70

111.7
114.2
108.8
122.9

11

465

113.6

268

102.6

4
7

94
134
37
32

119.5
104.8

102.0
111.8

38
92
34
15

105.5
100.4
99.2
116.4

1

2
2
15

297

109.8

179

102.6 ....

1

2

20

1

4

9

29

2

4
27

6

7 127

7

1
1
1

1

9 *24'

4

1

3

1

10

1

12

24

5

1

6

6
7

1
2

1
1

1
1

2

24

13

3

2

2

3

builders or makers, cord

TIRES, MALE.

.

Akron...................................................
Ohio (except Akron) and Michigan.

New Jersey and Pennsylvania
Indiana and Wisconsin__

Total...........'..............................




2

1

2

2

2

1
8

7

i
i

7

1
2

1

1

15

1

4

2

4

31

l - 16 • 2

21

36

13

....

crc

T able D ,— NUMBER OF EMPLOYEES IN SELECTED OCCUPATIONS WORKING ON AS M AN Y DAYS AS THERE WAS
WORK IN THE OCCUPATION DURING THE PAY PERIOD, CLASSIFIED BY HOURS ACTUALLY WORKED, 1923,
B Y SEX AND DISTRICT— Concluded.

A ll employees.

Occupation, sex, and district.

Employees work­
ing on all days of
operation.

Number
ofestabAverage
lishfull-time Num­
hours per ber.
ments. Num­
ber.
pay
period.

Average
hours per
pay
period.

Employees who during the pay period worked—

64
and
un­
der
68
hrs.

68
and
un­
der
72
hrs.

72
and
un­
der
76
hrs.

1

....

1

104
125 132
112
120
96
76
88 92
80 84
and and 140
and
and
and
and
and and
and
and and
un­ 80 un­ un­ 88 un­ un­ 96 un­ 104 un­ 112 un­ 120 un­ 125 un­ un­ hrs.
der hrs. der der hrs. der der hrs. der hrs. der hrs. der hrs. der hrs. der der and
112
92 96
104
132 140 over.
80
120
125
84 88
hrs.
hrs.
hrs.
hrs. hrs.
hrs.
hrs.
hrs. hrs.
hrs. hrs.

BUILDERS AND MAKERS, FABRIC
TIRES, MALE.
Alnw ru .

Ohio (except Akron) and Michigan.
rndiiin)iH Ti(l W i^ n n K in

Total............................

2
7
3

5
82
18

117.2
109.0
110.6

2
50
9

105.8
98.2
115.5

12

105

110.7

67

100.7

4
8
3
4

164
170
75
106

106.4
101.4
97.3
121.3

131
95
65
77

110.4
97.7
95.3
126.9

19

515

106.5

368

107.9

4
8
2
2

86
159
36
66

109.1
105.4
102.7
111.9

47
96
28
41

93.5
98.6
98.2
114.8

1

16

347

107.3

212

100.6

1

1

10

1
==========— —

=====

19

lm

19

1

1
10

1

....

1
2
3

===== ===== •
--- :---

=

4

....

4
= = = =

3

1

1
4
5

3

4

1
2

2
1

3
=====

1

10

3

4

3

3

=====

CURERS, TIRES, MALE.
A kron

Ohio (except Akron) and Michigan.
N o w J e r s e y a n d P e n n s y lv a n ia

I n d i a n a a n d W isn n n sin

Total..........................................

10
8

4
26
4

2
4
3

“ s’

2
1
5

17
9
6
1

32
13
5

34
3
11
2

14
1
2

3
2

11

11

15

24

4

5

18

34

9

24

8

33

50

50

17

12

10

14

12

19

38

9

1
3
3

22
28

3

1

2

14
2
13 “ 3* 12
2
8'
2
1
2

9

2

4

1

....

2

1
2

1

6

1

2

3

1

5
1

3

2

1

3

2

14
2

1
8
1

*7*

2
1

1

14

FINISHERS AND TREADERS, CORD
TIRES, MALE.
A k r o n ________

,,

Ohio (except Akron) and Michigan.
New J e r s e y a n d P e n n s y l v a n i a , »I n d i a n a a n d W is e ^ n s in

Total...................... ...................




2
2

....

1

7

1

50

6

19

5

35

3
'i d

3

1

37
16

18

3

41

1

1

5

*4*

WAGES AND HOURS IN AUTOMOBILE TIRE INDUSTRY,

TW O -W EEK OR HALF-MONTH PAY PERIOD— Concluded.

£

FINISHERS AND TREADERS, FABRIC
TIRES, MALE.
Ohio (except Akron) and Michigan.

2
6
3

4
86
30

118.5
112.2
115.7

3
47
19

100.3
102.2
113.7

6

9

Total..........................................

11

120

113.3

69

105.4

6

9

*T
3

2
2

1

8
2

3

5
1

4

1

10

3

6

1

2
5

....

5
8

3

1
1

13

3

1
24

2
2

2
1

2

2

4

3

2

13
10

4
1

15
12
1
6

22
18
1

—

LABORERS, MALE.
Ohio (except Akron) and Michigan.
T n r lfa tia n n H W i c P A n o in

1

4
8
3
4

136
165
51
97

117.8
117.7
104.6
117.0

89
87
23
54

151.1
125.7
117.2
117.7

2

19

449

116.1

253

132.1

2

1

... .

1

1

7

4
8
3
4

131
116
34
49

112.4
121.7
134.5
116.4

74
78
22
40

108.5
117.7
118.6
115.7

1

3
2
1

4

7
1
1

8

4
1

1

... .

11
12
3
4

1

6

4

9

9

5

30

4

1

1

....

6
5
6
12

*T

4
4
10
13

....

4

4

19
7
2
13

29

4

31

25

27

9

41

34

41

’io'

1
8

... .

6
7

3
11

10

4

... .

9
4
6
1

26

11

9

10

17

14

20

3

1
4

4

1

MILLMEN, MALE.
’KT
w ilfA
on rl A
P av ni U
r iIootjjrIivrAwlilUia*
n iQ
A iva W
o fleoAvijr (3>UvL
« ••
T n H if l.n « a n d W k p A n a i n

Total

- T- -

. T................. - ................

19

330

118.5

214

114.2

4
7
3
2

12
34
16
13

113.0
114.9
106.9
114.6

9
18
11
12

117.8
110.0
104.3
112.0

16

75

112.8

50

110.6

TUBE ROLLERS, MALE.
Ohio (except Akron) and Michigan.
Mi vaW
w JlA
n iej tuy 1l vv na n
x
o fQ
iaA
c ytt oe n
ud
u iP fvlunU
u il cn* . • • • •
T n r H a n o Qi*»d W t o n A n o i n

Total




... .

... .

2

2

_____

... .

1
... .

2

9
5
7 *4* 11
8
1
11
9
35

4

1

•
1
1

1

1

2
1

1

4

*2*

8

1

11

1

....

**2*
4

5

6

2

9

4
1
1

5

5

....

1

j....

4

GENERAL TABLES,

Akron........... . ......................................
Ohio (except Akron) and Michigan.

T able E .— NUMBER OF EMPLOYEES IN SELECTED OCCUPATIONS WORKING ON AS M AN Y DAYS AS THERE WAS
WORK IN THE OCCUPATION DURING THE PAY PERIOD, 1923, CLASSIFIED BY ACTUAL EARNINGS, BY SEX
AND DISTRICT.
ONE-W EEK PAY PERIOD.

WAGES AND HOURS IN AUTOMOBILE TIRE INDUSTRY,




£
00

GENEBAL TABLES.

49




T able E ___NUMBER OF EMPLOYEES IN SELECTED OCCUPATIONS WORKING ON AS M ANY DAYS AS THERE WAS
WORK IN THE OCCUPATION DURING THE PAY PERIOD, 1923, CLASSIFIED BY ACTUAL EARNINGS BY SEX AND
DISTRICT— Continued.
ONE-WEEK PAY PERIOD— Concluded.

WAGES AND HOURS IN AUTOMOBILE TIRE INDUSTRY,




°

TW O -W EE K OR H ALF-M O N TH PAY PERIOD.

A ll employees.

Occupation, sex, and district.

Num­
ber of
Average
estab­
full-time
lish­ Num­ earnings
ments. ber.
per pay
penod.

Employees who during the pay period earned

Employees work­
ing on all days of
operation.

Num­
ber.

$25 $30 $35 $40 $45 $50 $55 $60 $65 $70 $75 $80 $85 $90 $95
and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and
Average un­ un­ un­ un­ un­ un­ un­ un­ un­ un­ un­ un­ un­ un un­
earnings der der der der der der der der der der der der der der der
per pay $30. $35. $40. $45. $50. $55. $60. $65. $70. $75. $80. $85. $90. $95. $100.
period.

$100
and
un­
der
$110.

$110
and
un­
der
$120.

$120
and
un­
der
$130.

$130
and
un­
der
$140.

$140
and $150
un­ and
der over.
$150.

ASSEMBLERS, MALE.

Total.......................................

4
7
2
3

65
64
22
56

$87.57
59.77
63.15
82.87

42
30
7
38

1

4

1

2

11

7

13

5
2
1
5 ‘Y

4
7
2
4 " 2

2
1
5

1
2

8

2

4

1

1
1

47

$85.28
56.45
57.09
73.48

1

2
1

2

6

1
3

3

6

11

3

4

2

1

12
2

13
2

7

14

18

11

2

1

1

16

207

72.45

117

72.37

2

14

43.65

11

42.57

1

3
2

48
12

41.52
37.08

34
4

35.98
34.40

2

7

74

41.41

49

37.33

3

3

309

104.22

172

92.28

3
2
3

66
20
70

96.16
72.03
88.24

41
9
46

84.11
76.04
88.54

1

11

465

98.83

268

89.84

1

6

3

GENERAL TABLES,

Alrron.
Ohio (except Akron) and Michigan
New Jersey and Pennsylvania___
Indian^ and ^rismnsin.

10

13

9

5

19

9

17

4

1

8

10

14

20

26

20

11

8
1
*2* 12

7

10

5

4

16

7
1
1

2

2
6

3

31

52

29

18

55

18

ASSEMBLERS, FEMALE.
Akron__T
Ohio (except Akron) and Michigan
New Jersey and Pennsylvania___
Total

.

BUILDERS AND FINISHERS, MALE.
Akron.......
.
. . . .
Ohio (except Akron) and Michi­
gan
........................
New Jersey and Pennsylvania.. . .
I n d i a n a anr| "V^isoonsin__

Total.................................... ...




*2*
2

1
1
3

2

"2

10

14

35

15

T able E .— NUMBER OP EMPLOYEES IN SELECTED OCCUPATIONS WORKING ON AS M AN Y DAYS AS THERE WAS
WORK IN THE OCCUPATION DURING THE PAY PERIOD, 1923, CLASSIFIED BY ACTUAL EARNINGS, BY SEX AND
DISTRICT— Concluded.

A ll employees.

Occupation, sex, and district.

Num­
ber of
Average
estab­
lish­ Num­ full-time
earnings
ments. ber.
per pay
period.

Employees who during the pay period earned-

Employees work­
ing on all days of
operation.

MA
$25 $30 $35 $40 $45 fOU $55 $OU $65 $70 $75 $80 $85 $90
Num­
ber.

and and and and
Average un­ un­ un­ un­
earnings der der der der
per pay $30. $35. $40.
$45.
period.

$95

$100 $110 $120 $130 $140

and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and $150
un­ un­ un­ un­ un­ un­ un­ un­ un­ un­ un­ un­ un­ un­ un­ un­ and
der der der der der der der der der der der der der der der der over.
$50. $55. $60. $65. $70. $75. $80. $85. $90. $95. $100. $ 110. $ 120. $130. $140. $150.

BUILDERS OR MAKERS, CORD TIRES,
MALE.
4

94

$ 9 8 .8 3

38

$90 .40

New Jersey and Pennsylvania___
Indiana and Wisconsin..................

7
2
2

134
37
32

8 8 .6 6
7 8 .4 4
8 2 .6 2

92
34
15

8 5 .4 9
5 5.3 8
9 0 .3 5

4
1

Total........................................

15

297

8 9 .9 3

179

8 1 .2 2

5

2

5

9 7 .5 1

2

8 7 .5 5

A kron
Ohio (except Akron) and Michi-

BUILDERS

1

3

4

4

6

1
1

1
8

5
2
2

18
4

23
4
2

13

26

35

3

12

1

4

12

20
8
1

12
2
2

9
1

3
1
6

29

17

14

22

6
1

1

7

2

3

3

OR MAKERS, FABRIC
TIRES, MALE.
1

Ohio, (except Akron) and MichTnliMm e nr1 W js n n n s in __
Total........................................
CURERS, TIRES, MALE.

Akron___, , , , , , T
____ _______
Ohio (except Akron) and Mich­
igan ................................................
New Jersey and Pennsylvania....
Indiana and W isconsin................
Total........................................




1

7
3

82
18

9 2 .5 4
8 6 .9 8

56
9

8 5 .6 3
8 2 .2 5

1

3
2

4
1

10
1

9

10

9
3

3

12

105

9 1 .7 7

67

8 5 .2 4

1

5

5

12

9

10

12

3

4

3

2

6

39

50

4

2

6

8

5

1

16
14
6

13
8
12

15
16
7

9
10
4

12
2
25

9
1
8

3

6

6

1

3

1

2

38

39

77

73

43

20

12

15

13

11

= =

=====

4

164

8 4 .4 8

131

8 6 .4 6

170
75
106

9 1 .5 6
7 7 .9 4
7 9 .8 2

95
65
77

8 8 .1 2
7 6 .7 7
8 5 .7 5

1

3
1

2
1

3
1

5
6
5

368

8 5 .0 3

1

4

3

8

19

515

8 4 .5 6

1

= = = = =

8
3
4
19

1

=

=

=

=

===== = =

—

1

1

2

—

—

to

WAGES AND HOURS IN AUTOMOBILE TIRE INDUSTRY

TW O -W E E K OR H ALF-M O N TH PAY PERIOD— Concluded.

CTf

F IN IS H E R S A N D T R E A D E R S , CO RD
T IR E S , M A L E .

4

A k r o n ____

86

Ohio (except Akron) and Mich­
ig a n . _

New Jersey and Pennsylvania....
T n H iA iift A n d W i s c o n s i n ___

Total......................................

103.74

47

87.54
5
3

2

4

5
4
4

7
4

12
1
6

14
1
2

13
1
1

8

5

5

17

13

14

23

30

3
1

2

4

3
2

11
2

4

3

4

5

1

2
2

159
36
66

76.63
80.93
82.58

96
28
41

71.17
77.25
86.68

16

347

83.91

212

78.60

2

4

106.53

3

96.60

6
3

86
30

82.01
82.49

47
19

74.39
85.97

1

1
1

11

120

82.94

69

78.55

1

2

g

4
1

4

15

1

1

1

13

4

7

2

3

5

10
4
1

5
3
6

1
4
8

1
3
8

5

i

19

22

16

16

17

6

1

1

7
1

7
3

7

1
2

1
1

13

8

10

8

4

2

3

1

1

F IN IS H E R S A N D T R E A D E R S , F A B ­
R IC T IR E S , M A L E .
A k r o n . . .............................................................

Ohio (except Akron) and Michig a n ..,
.......................................
T n J iA n A A n d W i s p .o n s i n ._ _

Total........................................

1

1

1

A k r o n .......

......................

Ohio (except Akron) and Mich­
ig a n _

New Jersey and Pennsylvania—
I n d i a n a a n d W i s c o n s i n ___

Total...............................
.

4

136

58.19

89

63.17

8
3
4

165
51
9?

50.26
45.81
53.12

87
23
54

52.35
53.28
52.81

2

449

52.83

253

56.34

2

19

3

7

5

21

19

15

6

5

4

27
7
6

10
1
21

19
3
9

4
4

4
3
3

1

1

1

1
1

16
4
7

3

1

1

5

30

47

37

52

27

25

10

7

6

3

1

1

5

1

14

13

9

8

5

3

6

3

4

2

1

2
1

6
4
2

2
1

15
3
2

15

8

7
4
4
2 *y

1
1

1

1

4
2

13

2
1
5

2

5

9
1
8

17

4

34

33

30

26

13

16

13

6

10

4

2

1

1

5

1

1

1
i
5

5
4

‘Y

4
2
3

2

6

9

10

3

1
1

M IL L M E N , M A L E .

A k r o n ...........................................

4

131

78.79

74

76.31

Ohio (except Akron) and Mich­
ig a n .......... ...............................
New Jersey and Pennsylvania....
I n d i a n a a n d Wisconsin.........

8
3
4

116
34
49

76.06
80.30
75.54

78
22
40

73.73
70.38
74.92

3

Total........................................

19

330

77.62

214

74.50

3

3

1
1 * i"
2

2

2

2

GENERAL TABLES.

LABO RERS, M ALE.

2

T U B E RO LLERS, M A LE .

4

12

88.03

9

92.73

New Jersey and Pennsylvania....
I n d i a n a a n d W isconsin...

7
3
2

34
16
13

76.41
67.77
67.44

18
11
12

75.80
70.45
65.40

1

1
1
1

Total........................................

16

75

74.79

50

75.17

1

3

A k r o n ..................................

Ohio (except Akron) and Mich­
ig a n ..

.............




1

2

4
1

1

5

1

6

1

3

Or

CO

54

WAGES AND HOURS IN AUTOMOBILE TIRE INDUSTRY,

OCCUPATIONS IN TH E AUTOM OBILE TIRE IN DU STRY.

The occupations for which data are presented in this report are
arranged below alphabetically, each followed by the terms of opera­
tions which were found to be comparable in regard to duties per­
formed. The operation terms are defined in the glossary which
follows this list.
On account of the variation in the degree of specialization developed
in different establishments, it was found extremely difficult to select
a list of occupations under which each employee o f all establishments
covered could be classified so that all employees in each classification
would be performing like or similar operations regardless of the
methods used by the different establishments. Operation terms
varied in name and number according to the organization and number
of employees in each establishment. The name of the occupation
as it appears in the various tables is shown below in italics and is
followed by the job or operation terms found in use in various estab­
lishments for the same class of work.
A ir bagger.— Includes water bagger.
Assem bler. — Includes band builder, breaker layer, ply assembler, ply bander,

ply splicer, pocket builder, stock roller, tread assembler, and tread builder. .
B ead maker.
Beads , other em ployees. — Include bead buffer, cementer, coverer, cutter, dipper,
flapper, splicer, tape cutter, trimmer, wire insulator, and wire taper.
Bias-cutter operator.
Bias-cutter helper.
B u ffer , tube.— Includes rougher.
Builder , cord tire.
B uilder , fabric tire.
Builder and finisher.
Calender m an.
Calender m a n , first.— Includes wind-up man.
Calender m a n ’s helper.
Com pounder.— Includes weigher and employee who “ puts up batches.”
Curer , bead.-^-Includes moldman and pressman.
Curer, tire.— Includes loader, pitman, and unloader.
Curer , tube.— Includes kettle tender.
Finisher and treader, cord tire.— Includes coverer.
Finisher and treader, fabric tire.— Includes coverer.
F in ish er , tube.— Includes cementer, mandreler, mounter, and washer.
Laborer .— Includes carrier, cleaner, core pusher, drum handler, janitor, racker,

receiving and shipping laborer, salvage man, scrap man, soapstoner, tire duster, etc.
M illm a n . — Includes break-down man, cracking, mixing, warming-up, and
washing mill.
R im m er .— Includes rim pressman.
Skiver , tube .
Splicer , tube .— Includes steam and acid splicer.
Stripper , air-bag.— Includes water-bag stripper.
S tripper , core.— Stripper of core from cured tire only.
Stripper , tube.— Includes blow-off man.
Tear-down man.
&
Tread cutter.— Includes cut-off man.
Trucker.— Employee using hand truck only.
Tube-m achine feeder.
Tube-m achine operator.
Tube roller ,— Includes tube builder.




GLOSSARY OF TERMS IN AUTOMOBILE TIRE INDUSTRY,

55

Tube wrapper.— Includes cross wrapper.
Valve inserter.— Includes fitter, inserter, stemmer, and valver.
Other em ployees .— Include air-bag builder, booker, box maker, dryer, heater

man, inspector, repairer, packer, and all employees not listed above.
GLOSSARY OF TERM S FOUND IN THE AUTOM OBILE TIRE IN D U STR Y,
1923.
A ir-ba g builder .— Makes the tubes which are used to inflate the green tire
during the curing process.
A ir bagger.— Inserts a tube made of rubberized fabric, but similar in other
respects to an ordinary inner tube, in uncured tires to inflate them during the
curing process.
A ssem bler .
(See specified part , as Ply and Tread.)
B a n d builder.— Arranges and splices the ends of plies together on a drum, one
ply upon another to the proper number, preparatory to the builders shaping
the band into a tire over a metal core.
Bead huger.— Roughens the surface of beads by buffing before they are placed
between the plies of the unfinished tire. Buffing removes all excess threads.
Bead cementer.— Prepares the bead stock for its covering by dipping it in
liquid cement.
Bead coverer.
(See Bead flapper or Bead-wire taper.)
Bead cutter.— Cuts wire which forms the core of the bead to proper lengths,
or more often cuts tubed bead rubber to proper lengths as it comes from the
tubing machine.
Bead dipper.
(See Bead cementer.)
Bead-filler cutter.
(See Bead cutter.)
Bead flapper. — Cements a strip or flap of rubberized fabric over bead stock
to form a covered bead.
Bead maker.— Performs all the operations of making the bead; i. e., splicing,
covering, trimming, and buffing.
B ead presser.— Places the uncured beads in a mold which is placed in a press
while the bead is being cured or semicured.
Bead splicer.— Joins the ends of the bead wire, splices and solders, or splices
and cements the ends of the tubed rubber bead core.
Bead-tape cutter.— Cuts the tape after the bead is completely wrapped.
B ead trim m er.
(S ee Bead buffer.)
B ead-w ire insulator.— Operates a machine which covers several bead-wire cores,
side by side, with soft rubber. These are later cut apart, each forming a separate.
bead.
B ead-w ire taper.— Wraps with tape, by hand or on a machine, the wire core
of the bead.
Bead wrapper.— Wraps with tape, by hand or on a machine, the rubber or
wire core of the bead.
Bias-cutter helper.— Assists the operator by helping place the rolls of fabric,
removing the bias strips after they are cut to length, booking them, and doing
other things as the type of bias cutter may necessitate.
Bias-cutter vperator.— W ith the aid of helper adjusts heavy rolls of rubberized
fabric in the machine and adjusts the machine for cutting the fabric into proper
lengths and widths for use in building tires.
B lo w -o g m an. — Removes the cured tube from the mandrel or pole after the
curing process, blowing it loose from the pole with a strong jet of compressed air.
Booker.— Takes the strips of raw gum and fabric as they come from the bias
cutters and tread cutters and places them in books with cloth leaves to prevent
their adhering one to another.
B o x maker.— Assembles pasteboard cartons in which inner tubes are packed.
Breakdown m an.
(See Cracker; Tear-down man.)
Breaker layer.— Lays properly the breaker strip on the tread.
B u g er , tube.— Makes the beveled ends of the unfinished tube rough, so the
splicing operation will make a perfect joint.
Builder , cord tire (machine).— Places metal core coated with cement on tire
building machine; places band (or pocket) on the core; puts on the beads which
are like hoops; arranges necessary plies over the beads; stitches and trims them;
and removes the core and unfinished tire from the machine. It then goes to the
finisher.
Builder , fabric tire (machine). — Places cemented metal core in machine; places
drum of fabric plies in the machine; arranges the proper number of plies on




56

WAGES AND HOURS IN AUTOMOBILE TIRE INDUSTRY;

the core, putting the beads between the proper plies; stitches the plies down and
trims them ; and then removes core and unfinished tire from machine. It is
then ready for the finisher.
Builder and finisher .— Usually cements the core; puts the core on a buck;
removes the plies from books; places them on the core; inserts the beads at
the proper place; and stitches down the plies. He then trims the fabric, applies
the wearing strip, side wall, cushion, breaker strip, and tread, thus finishing the
tire.
Calender m an.— Guages and checks the rubber stock to see that it is of proper
thickness and sufficiently warmed up for running through the calendering ma­
chine.
Calender m an, first .— Regulates the rolls; keeps the stock straight as it passes
through the rolls; sees that the rubber is evenly distributed on the fabric, and
that the fabric is properly started on the liners.
Calender m an *s helper .— Usually brings the rubber stock to the calender machine;
takes the calendered stock away, and generally assists wherever necessary
with the work about the calendering machine.
Carrier.— Carries wraps, poles, etc., in the tube department from the tube
strippers to the tube wrappers and tube rollers.
Cementer.
(S ee Finisher, tube.)
Cleaner.— Cleans molds, poles, mandrels, cores, etc., usually by the use of
soapstone, to remove rubber refuse.
Com pounder. — Weighs the proportions of various ingredients according to
formulas and places the same in receptacle along with the proper amount of
rubber ready to be mixed.
Core pusher.— Rolls the core from the tire-strippers’ bench to the cooling room
and from the cooling room to the tire-building department.
Coverer.
(See Finisher, cord tires; Finisher, fabric tires; Bead flapper; Beadwire taper.)
Cracker .— Operates mill used in breaking down or cracking crude rubber.
Cross wrapper.
(See Tube wrapper.)
Curer.— Places uncured tires in molds; lowers them into a heater; allows them
to remain for a specified time and removes them, or places poles of mandrels
over which tubes have been rolled into heating kettles and cures them. (See
Bead pressers.)
C u t-off m an.
(See Tread cutter.)
D ru m handler.— Rolls drum, from which the builder has removed the ply fabric,
to the bias-cutting machines, where more plies are spliced and rolled upon them.
D ryer. — Hangs washed sheets of rubber over poles to dry, in a room where a
high temperature is maintained, or lays the rubber in trays and places in a
vacuum chamber.
Finisher, cord tire.— Takes the cord-tire pocket as it comes from the builder
and applies the wearing strip and side wall; puts on the cushion strip, breaker
strip, and applies the tread, and usually removes the core from the uncured tire.
fin is h e r , fabric tire.— Performs same operations as finisher, cord tire, except
that the core is usually left in the fabric tire until after it is cured.
F inisher, tube .— Mounts the cured tube on a mandrel, washes the buffed ends
of the tube in an acid solution, coats them with cement, and places the valve
stem inside, making the tube ready for the splicer to join the ends.
H eater m an. — Watches the indicators showing pressure and temperature in the
curing kettles, in highly specialized establishments.
Inspector. — Examines the finished product for possible defects.
Janitor. — Looks after the needs of the factory, helping to keep scraps cleaned
up, and other things of a general nature.
Kettle tender.
(See Curer.)
Laborer.
(See Carrier; Cleaner; Core pusher; Drum handler; Janitor; Racker;
Receiving laborer; Shipping laborer; Salvage man; Scrap man; Soapstoner;
Sweeper; and Tire duster.)
Loader.— Loads and unloads molds, tires, and molds containing tires onto and
off the automatic conveyor at necessary places; often applied to employee who
loads the molds into curing pit or chamber.
M andreler.
(See Finisher, tube.)
M illm a n . — Operates a mixing mill which mixes raw rubber with the various
mixtures put up by the compounder into a homogeneous batch.
M ix e r . — Same as millman.
M o ld m an.
(See Bead presser.)




GLOSSARY OF TERMS IN AUTOMOBILE TIRE INDUSTRY.

57

M ou n ter.
(See Finisher, tube.)
P itm a n .— Lowers the tire molds into the pit where the tires are cured. This
process is found in specialized establishments. (See Curer.)
P ly assembler .— Receives plies from the bias-cutting machine; smooths out

any wrinkles; trims them for width; splices the ends together; and rolls them on
a spool or drum ready for the band builders.
P ly bander,
(See Band builder.)
P ly splicer.
(See Ply assembler.)
Pocket builder.
(See Band builder.)
Pressm an,
(See Bead presser.)
P u ts-u p batches,
(See Compounder.)
Packer .— Places tires, tubes, molds, etc., in racks to prevent congestion about
the workroom.
Receiving laborer.— Unloads freight; breaks open boxes of raw rubber; and does
general work in and about the receiving department.
Repairer.— Makes any necessary repairs on new tires found defective by the
inspector.
R im m er. — Places the rims or rings on uncured air-bagged tires, and secures
them with bolts.
R im pressm an .— Same as rimmer, except that the rims are drawn well together
in a press before securing.
Rougher.
(See Buffer, tube.)
Salvage m an.— Picks from scraps materials that can be used again.
Scrap m an.— Collects the scraps of rubber, fabric, and cord stock, and removes
them from the workrooms.
Sheeter.— Operates a machine which rolls the raw batch out into sheets.
S h ippin g laborer.— Packs, nails boxes, assists in loading cars, and performs
other general work about the shipping department.
Skiver , tube.— Bevels the inside of one end and the outside of the other end of
the tube, making it ready for finishing.
Soapstoner.
(See Cleaner.)
Splicer, tube.— Splices the ends of the finished tube together either by the use
of steam or an acid.
Stem m er .
(See Valve inserter.)
Stock roller.
(See Ply assembler.)
Stripper , air bagr— Removes the air bag used in the process of curing from the
cured tire.
Stripper , core.— Removes the core used in the process of curing from the cured
tire.
Stripper , tube.— Removes the wrap from the tube after it is cured.
Sweeper.— Uses a broom and cleans refuse from the factory floors.
Tear-dow n m an. — Removes the bolts and the two rims or rings from the tires
cured on air bags.
T ire duster.— Dries tires by wiping them with a powder after curing.
Tread assembler.— Builds treads by laying the proper number of thin pieces of
tread stock one upon another in order of width, trims them, and weighs the
assembled tread.
Tread builder.
(See Tread assembler.)
Tread cutter.— Cuts tread stock to proper length, as it comes from the tubing
machine, weighs it, and puts it in books.
Trucker.— Conveys materials and supplies about the factory by means of hand
trucks.
Tube builder.
(See Tube roller.)
Tube-m achine feeder. — Feeds warm rubber stock into the hopper of the tube
machine.
Tube-machine operator.— Runs the tube machine which forces warm rubber
stock through dies of desired shape, forming tread stock, solid-tire stock, bead
and tube stock, etc.
Tube roller.— Wraps a specified number of layers of thin uncured gum around
poles or mandrels. The layers unite in the curing process and form the wall
of the tube.
Tube wrapper.— Takes the poles from the tube roller, places them on a machine,
and cross wraps them with a narrow strip of cloth before they are placed in the
curing kettles.
Unloader.
(See Loader.)
Valve fitter.
(See Valve inserter.)




58

WAGES AND HOURS IN AUTOMOBILE TIRE INDUSTRY,

Valve inserter .— Puts stem of valve through hole in tube; applies the valve
patch; puts on the fittings, and tightens them with a machine.
Valver.
(See Valve inserter.)
W a rm -u p m an. — Operates a mill in which mixed rubber is warmed up to a
certain temperature preparatory to running the rubber through the calender
and tube machines.
W a sh er .— Operates a mill equipped with water facilities for washing crude
rubber. (See Finisher, tube.)
W ater bagger.— Inserts a tube in an uncured tire, the tube being afterwards
filled with water under pressure to inflate the tire during the curing process.
W eigher .
{See Compounder.)
W in d -u p m an .
(See Calender man, first.)




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