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L*Z. 3, m 7 Dayton & Montgomery Public Library Co. APR 1 3 1965 WAGE IN D E X E S "1’6'" C0LLEC™ Long-Term Trend Data For Selected Occupations and Metropolitan Areas Bulletin No. 1427 UNITED STATES D E P A R T M E N T OF LABOR W. Willard Wirtz, Secretary BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS Ewan Clague, Commissioner WAGE INDEXES Long-Term Trend Data For Selected Occupations and Metropolitan Areas Bulletin No. 1427 January 1965 UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF LABOR W. Willard Wirtz, Secretary BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS Ewan Clagne, Commissioner For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C., 20402 - Price 15 cents Preface T h is b u lle t in is an a s s e m b l y o f v a r i o u s w a g e and s a l a r y i n d e x e s c o m p il e d b y the B u r e a u o f L a b o r S t a t i s t i c s . S o m e o f th e s e in d e x e s w e r e d e v e l o p e d f r o m s e c o n d a r y s o u r c e m a t e r i a l ; o t h e r s w e r e d e r i v e d f r o m data c o l l e c t e d b y the B u r e a u . T h e tex t is in ten d ed to b e o n ly a s u m m a r y e x p la n a t io n o f the s c o p e o f the in d e x e s and the m e t h o d o l o g y u s e d in t h e i r c o n s t r u c t i o n , s i n c e d e t a i le d e x p o s it i o n s a r e a v a i la b le in the o r i g i n a l s o u r c e s . R e f e r e n c e s to the s o u r c e p u b l i c a tio n s a r e co n ta in e d in the text. T h e t i m e p e r i o d c o v e r e d is n ot the s e r i e s is p r e s e n t e d f r o m the in itia l date o f in d e x . T h e e a r l i e s t i n d e x e s date f r o m 1907; d e riv ed fr o m com m u nity w age su rvey s start s a m e in the v a r i o u s s e r i e s . Each the c o m p i l a t i o n o f that p a r t i c u l a r s o m e b e g in in the 1920*s; and th o s e in 1952. T h e m a t e r i a l i n c lu d e d in this r e p o r t d o e s not ex h a u st the data on e a r n ings c u r r e n t l y i n c o r p o r a t e d in t i m e s e r i e s p r e p a r e d and p u b l is h e d b y the B u r e a u . F o r e x a m p l e , the t a b le s do not p r o v i d e i n f o r m a t i o n on h o u r l y o r w e e k l y e a r n in g s c o m p i l e d m o n t h l y b y the D i v i s i o n o f In d u s tr y E m p l o y m e n t S t a t i s t i c s . C h a n g es in v a r i o u s m e a s u r e s o f h o u r l y and w e e k l y e a r n in g s o f f a c t o r y p r o d u c t i o n w o r k e r s d u r in g 1939—64 a r e p r e s e n t e d as a b s o lu t e s and i n d e x e s in the S u m m a r y o f M a n u f a c t u r i n g E a r n in g s S e r i e s (B L S R e p o r t 229, R e v . 1964), and q u a r t e r l y s u p p l e m e n t s to that r e p o r t ; a b s o lu t e l e v e l s a r e p u b l is h e d m o n t h l y in e m p l o y m e n t and e a r n i n g s , and b y m o n th in E m p l o y m e n t and E a r n in g s S t a t is t i c s f o r the United S ta te s, 1909-62 (B L S B u lle tin 1 3 1 2 - 1 , 1963). T h e o c c u p a t i o n s and in d u s t r i e s i n c lu d e d in the i n d e x e s a r e n ot intend ed to b e r e p r e s e n t a t i v e o f a ll w a g e and s a l a r i e d w o r k e r s ; c o n s e q u e n t l y , o v e r a l l tr e n d s f o r a ll w o r k e r s ca n n ot b e o b ta in e d b y c o m b i n i n g the i n d e x e s . I n f o r m a t i o n on g e n e r a l w a g e c h a n g e s in m a j o r c o l l e c t i v e b a r g a i n in g s i t u a tion s is in c lu d e d to s u p p le m e n t the i n d e x e s . In d e x e s o f u nion w a g e s c a l e s and r e l a t e d s t a t i s t i c a l a n a l y s e s a r e p r e p a r e d in the D i v i s i o n o f N a tio n a l W a g e and S a la r y I n c o m e ; th o s e o f o c c u p a t i o n a l w a g e s in m a c h i n e r y m a n u f a c t u r i n g i n d u s t r i e s and o c c u p a t i o n a l e a r n in g s in s e l e c t e d m e t r o p o l i t a n a r e a s a r e s u m m a r i z e d in i n d e x e s c o n s t r u c t e d b y the D i v i s i o n o f O c c u p a t i o n a l P a y . T h e D i v i s i o n o f W ag e E c o n o m i c s m a in ta in s in d e x e s o f a n nual s a l a r i e s f o r g o v e r n m e n t e m p l o y e e s , i n c lu d in g F e d e r a l c l a s s i f i e d e m p l o y e e s , p u b l ic s c h o o l t e a c h e r s , p o l i c e m e n , and f i r e m e n , a s w e l l as the s e r i e s on w a g e c h a n g e s in m a j o r c o l l e c t i v e b a r g a i n in g s itu a tio n s . T h is b u lle t in was c o m p i l e d in the D i v i s i o n o f W a g e E c o n o m i c s , D a v id , C h ie f. iii L ily M a ry Contents Page S c o p e and m e t h o d o f in d e x c o n s t r u c t i o n _________________________________________ U nion w a g e s c a l e s _______________________________________________________________ P r o d u c t i o n w o r k e r s in m a c h i n e r y m a n u f a c t u r i n g , m a j o r m e t r o p o l i t a n a r e a s ; m a i n t e n a n c e , u n s k i ll e d w o r k e r s , o f f i c e c l e r i c a l w o r k e r s , and i n d u s t r i a l n u r s e s , a ll i n d u s t r i e s , s e l e c t e d m e t r o p o l i t a n a r e a s _________________________________________________ M a c h i n e r y m a n u f a c t u r i n g p r o d u c t i o n w o r k e r s _________________________ S k ille d p la n t m a in t e n a n c e and u n s k i ll e d w o r k e r s , o f f i c e c l e r i c a l w o r k e r s , and i n d u s t r i a l n u r s e s , in s e l e c t e d m e t r o p o l i t a n a r e a s _______________________________________________________ G o v e r n m e n t e m p l o y e e s ________________________________________________________ F e d e r a l c l a s s i f i e d e m p l o y e e s _____________________________________________ U rb a n p u b l i c s c h o o l t e a c h e r s ______________________________________________ P o l i c e m e n and f i r e m e n ____________________________________________________ G e n e r a l w a g e c h a n g e s _________________________________________________________ 1 1 4 4 7 15 15 18 19 22 Charts: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. T r e n d s o f un ion w a g e s c a l e s , 1907—64 ___________________________________ T re n d s of occu pational w age ra te s , m a ch in e r y m anufacturing, s e l e c t e d p e r i o d s , 1945—64 _______________________________________________ P e r c e n t a g e i n c r e a s e in h o u r l y o r w e e k l y e a r n in g s in s p e c i f i e d plant and o f f i c e o c c u p a t i o n s , 1952r-64 (a ll i n d u s t r i e s , s e l e c t e d m e t r o p o l i t a n a r e a s ) _____________________________________________ T r e n d s o f annual s a l a r i e s , F e d e r a l C l a s s i f i c a t i o n A c t e m p l o y e e s , 1939—64 _______________________________________________________ T r e n d s o f a v e r a g e annual s a l a r i e s o f p u b l ic s c h o o l t e a c h e r s , 1925—63, and m a x i m u m s a l a r y s c a l e s o f u r b a n f i r e f i g h t e r s and p o l i c e p a t r o l m e n , 1924—6 4 __________________________________________ 3 6 14 17 20 Tables: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. U nion w a g e s c a l e s --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------H o u r ly e a r n i n g s : M a c h i n e r y m a n u f a c t u r i n g ----------------------------------------H o u r ly e a r n i n g s : U n s k ille d plan t w o r k e r s ___________________________ H o u r ly e a r n i n g s : S k ille d m a in t e n a n c e t r a d e s ________________________ W e e k ly e a r n i n g s : O f f i c e w o r k e r s ______________________________________ W e e k ly e a r n i n g s : In d u s t r ia l n u r s e s ____________________________________ H o u r ly apd w e e k l y e a r n i n g s : S e l e c t e d o c c u p a t i o n a l g r o u p s , a ll m e t r o p o l i t a n a r e a s ------------------------------------------------------------A nnual s a l a r i e s o f g o v e r n m e n t e m p l o y e e s ____________________________ A v e r a g e (m e d i a n ) g e n e r a l w a g e c h a n g e s in m a j o r c o l l e c t i v e b a r g a i n in g s itu a tio n s _____________________________________________________ iY * 2 5 9 10 11 12 13 16 23 Wage Indexes: Long-Term Trend Data for Selected Occupations and Metropolitan Areas Scope and Method of Index Construction U nion W ag e S c a l e s The w a g e s c a l e i n d e x e s in t a b le 1 r e p r e s e n t the b a s i c h o u r l y r a te s o f p a y r e s u l t in g f r o m c o l l e c t i v e b a r g a i n in g . T h e s e r a te s a r e b a s i c ( m in i m u m ) w a g e s c a le s e x c lu s iv e of h olid ay, v acation, o r oth er b en efit paym ents re g u la rly m ade o r c r e d i t e d to the w o r k e r e a c h p a y p e r i o d . R ates in e x c e s s o f the n e g o t ia t e d m i n i m u m , w h ic h m a y b e p a id f o r s p e c i a l q u a l i f i c a t i o n s , o r o t h e r r e a s o n s , a r e a l s o e x c lu d e d . A s o f J u ly 1, 1964, the in d e x e s w e r e b a s e d on u n ion s c a l e s in e f f e c t f o r a p p r o x i m a t e l y 835, 000 j o u r n e y m e n , h e l p e r s , and l a b o r e r s in 33 b u ild in g c o n s t r u c t i o n c r a f t s , 6 3 , 0 0 0 l o c a l - t r a n s i t o p e r a t in g e m p l o y e e s , 1 0 7 ,0 0 0 w o r k e r s in Z0 n e w s p a p e r and j o b p r in t in g c r a f t s , and 344, 000 l o c a l m o t o r t r u c k d r i v e r s and h e l p e r s . 1 U nion o f f i c i a l s in 68 c i t i e s f u r n is h e d the data f o r the p r in t in g t r a d e s ; i n f o r m a t i o n f o r the o t h e r t r a d e s w a s g a t h e r e d f r o m o f f i c i a l s in 67 c i t i e s . O n ly c i t i e s h av in g a p o p u la tio n o f 100, 000 o r m o r e w e r e c o v e r e d in the s u r v e y s . A ll c i t i e s o f 5 00, 000 o r m o r e , and m o s t c i t i e s in the 250, 000 to 500, 000 r a n g e w e r e i n c lu d e d . T h o s e in the 100, 000 to 250, 000 c a t e g o r y r e p r e s e n t a w id e g e o g r a p h i c a l d i s p e r s i o n . T o c o m p e n s a t e f o r c i t i e s not s u r v e y e d , data f o r s e l e c t e d c i t i e s w e r e w e i g h t e d a c c o r d i n g to s e p a r a t e g e o g r a p h i c r e g i o n s to ob ta in n a tion a l i n d u s t r y and o c c u p a t i o n a l i n d e x e s . T h e p r o c e d u r e f o r d e r i v i n g l o n g - t e r m in d e x e s o f union w a g e s c a l e s i n v o l v e s c a l c u la t i n g a v e r a g e w a g e s c a l e s in 2 s u c c e s s i v e y e a r s , c o m p u t in g the p e r c e n t a g e ch a n g e ( o r r e l a t i v e ) and a p p ly in g that p e r c e n t a g e to the p r e v i o u s in d e x . A v e r a g e h o u r l y w a g e s c a l e s f o r a y e a r a r e c o m p u t e d b y w e ig h tin g the in d iv id u a l h o u r l y s c a l e b y the n u m b e r o f un ion m e m b e r s r e c e i v i n g that s c a l e d u r in g the y e a r . A c o m p a r a b l e a v e r a g e f o r the p r e c e d i n g y e a r is o b ta in e d b y a p p ly in g the c u r r e n t m e m b e r s h i p w e ig h ts to the w a g e s c a l e s f o r the i d e n t i c a l o c c u p a t i o n a l c l a s s i f i c a t i o n s in the f o r m e r p e r i o d . The y e a r - t o - y e a r p e r c e n t a g e ch a n g e ( r e l a t iv e ) is c a l c u l a t e d and a p p lie d to the in d e x f o r the e a r l i e r y e a r to o b ta in a c u r ren t in d e x f i g u r e . 1 For a list o f the occupations included in each index, as well as a description o f the number o f trades and cities included in earlier indexes, see the following Bureau of Labor Statistics bulletins: Union Wages and Hours: Local-Transit Operating Employees, July 1, 1963 and Trend 1929-63 (Bulletin 1396); Union Wages and Hours: Building Trades, July 1, 1963 and Trend 1907-63 (Bulletin 1397); Union Wages and Hours: Motortruck Drivers and Helpers, July 1, 1963 and Trend 1936-63 (Bulletin 1398); and Union Wages and Hours: Printing Industry, July 1, 1963 and Trend 1907-63 (Bulletin 1399). 1 2 Table 1. Union W age Scales (Indexes for selected trades in building, printing, local transit, and local trucking industries, 1907—65)1 (1957-59 = 100) Building trades Local transit Printing trades Book and job Period All trades Jour ney men Local trucking Newspapers Opera D rivers ting Labor print Compos - P ress C om pos and D rivers Helpers em ers All A ll a s s is t Bindery ing itors, M ailers ployees helpers ants and trades itors, trades women hand hand feeders May 15 of: 1907 1908 1909 1910 1911 ______________ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- _ _ 13.9 10.4 11.5 12. 3 13. 0 13. 3 12. 12. 12. 13. 13. 6 6 6 2 5 8.9 9. 9 10. 0 10. 2 10. 6 _ _ _ _ - 13. 8 14. 5 15. 1 15. 6 15.9 14. 4 15. 2 16.0 16. 7 17.0 . . . _ - . _ _ . - 9.3 9. 6 9. 7 9. 8 10. 1 14. 14. 14. 14. 14. 13. 5 13. 8 14. 1 14. 2 14.4 13. 8 14. 0 14. 4 14.4 14. 7 10. 8 11.0 11.4 11.4 11.6 _ _ 11.0 11. 2 16. 2 16. 5 16. 7 16.8 16. 8 17.4 17. 7 17.9 18. 0 18. 0 . . _ _ - _ - 5 2 8 8 4 11.2 12.9 14. 9 21. 7 21.9 15.4 16. 7 20. 5 26. 3 28. 8 14. 16. 20. 26. 29. 8 5 3 5 1 15.0 16. 6 20. 3 26. 7 30. 6 12. 2 14. 3 18.4 25. 2 27.3 12.0 13. 3 17. 3 23.9 27. 8 17. 3 18. 1 21.9 26. 7 29. 1 18. 5 19.3 23. 2 28. 2 30. 7 _ _ - 25. 6 28. 3 30. 5 31.7 33. 8 26. 7 29.5 31. 8 33. 0 35. 2 19.9 21. 1 22.8 23. 6 25. 7 29. 1 29. 9 31.4 31.9 32. 6 29. 3 30. 5 31.7 32. 0 32. 7 31. 1 31.9 33. 3 33. 1 33.8 26.4 29.6 29. 1 31.0 31.3 26.9 28.2 28. 6 28. 9 28.4 29.4 29. 7 31.5 32. 1 32. 8 31.5 31. 8 33.4 33. 6 34. 4 _ _ _ _ 35. 35. 35. 37. 37. 0 2 6 1 2 36. 36. 37. 38. 38. 4 7 1 7 8 26. 26. 26. 28. 28. 33. 6 34. 2 34/7 35. 2 35. 4 33. 34. 34. 35. 35. 6 0 5 1 3 34.4 34. 9 35. 1 35.9 36. 0 31.7 31.9 32. 2 32. 6 32. 8 29.0 29.2 29.4 29. 6 29.7 33. 34. 35. 35. 35. 7 5 2 5 6 35. 6 36. 3 36.9 37. 3 37. 3 _ _ _ - . . 32.7 33.0 33.0 31.8 30. 9 31.2 31.5 32. 6 34. 9 33. 32. 32. 32. 34. 36. 2 3 5 9 0 3 24. 0 22. 9 23. 6 23.7 25. 1 27. 3 35. 33. 33. 35. 35. 37. 2 1 8 0 9 0 34. 9 33. 0 33.9 34. 7 35. 6 36. 8 35.9 33. 8 34. 1 34. 7 35. 8 37. 1 31.4 29.3 30.4 31.0 32. 1 33. 7 29.0 27.8 29.3 29.5 30. 1 30. 6 35.5 33. 3 33. 7 35. 7 36. 2 37. 6 36.9 34.4 35. 0 37. 3 37.9 39.5 _ _ _ _ 31. 7 32.4 _ 31.5 32.6 32.9 34.5 _ _ _ 29.4 31.3 38. 38. 38. 40. 39. 39. 40. 41. 5 7 3 7 30. 30. 30. 32. 1 3 9 4 38. 38. 39. 39. 2 6 1 6 38. 38. 38. 39. 1 3 7 1 38. 3 38. 5 39.2 39. 8 35.5 35. 7 35.9 36.3 32. 1 32. 5 32. 7 33.4 38. 6 39. 1 39.9 40.4 40. 3 40. 6 41.5 42. 0 32.5 32.8 33. 8 35. 1 35.5 35.7 36. 1 37. 5 6 0 4 1 3 41.3 42. 5 43. 6 44. 2 51. 7 11.2 11.9 12. 5 13. 0 13. 2 11. 12. 13. 13. 14. 8 6 2 8 0 8. 3 8. 7 8.9 9.2 9.3 1912 -------------------1913 ---------------------1 9 1 4 ......... ................. 1915 ---------------------1 9 1 6 ........................... 13. 13. 14. 14. 14. 5 8 1 3 7 14. 14. 15. 15. 15. 3 6 0 1 6 1917 ---------------------1918 ---------------------1919 - ..................... 1920 ---------------------1 9 2 1 ........................... 15. 6 17. 3 19.9 26. 8 27. 3 16. 18. 20. 27. 28. 1922 1923 1924 1925 1926 ----------------------------------------------------- --------- ---------------------.......................... 1927 1928 1929 1930 1931 -------------------------------- ---------------------------------------------------.......................... 1932 1933 1934 I 935 1936 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------1937 ----------------- - 2 5 9 3 1 1 4 6 8 9 - > . _ _ _ . ' _ . . - . . . - _ _ _ - _ _ _ _ - _ . _ . - . _ _ _ - . _ _ - . _ _ - . . . - _ _ _ _ - _ _ _ _ _ . . _ - - _ _ - . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ . 31.8 _ _ _ 28. 5 32.4 33. 1 33. 8 35. 2 32.9 33. 6 34. 3 35. 6 29.5 30. 2 30. 9 32.4 June 1 of: 1938 ---------------------1939 ---------------------1940 .......................... 1941 ---------------------- 0 3 9 3 July 1 of: -------------------------------- --------------------------------------- ----------------------------- 42.8 43. 1 43. 5 44. 4 49. 5 44. 1 44. 3 44. 6 45.4 50. 3 35. 36. 36. 38. 44. 40. 8 41.9 43. 0 43. 6 51.2 41. 2 42. 4 43. 8 44. 3 51.7 38.5 39. 7 40. 6 41. 1 49. 7 35.4 36.5 38. 3 39. 1 47.5 42. 2 44. 0 45.0 45. 6 52.9 43. 8 45. 6 46. 5 47. 1 53.9 37. 8 39.4 39.9 40. 6 49.4 40. 42. 43. 43. 51. 2 8 1 6 1 37. 7 39.7 40. 6 41.5 46. 2 38. 40. 41. 41. 46. 0 1 0 9 6 35. 2 37. 2 38. 3 39.2 44. 0 1947 ........................... 1948 - ........................ 1949 ---------------------1950 — ...................... 1 9 5 1 .................. ........ 1952 ----------- -------- 56. 6 62. 6 65. 2 68. 0 72.4 76. 9 57. 63. 66. 68. 73. 77. _ _ 51.8 58.4 2 65. 7 2 65. 1 73. 6 73. 0 60. 6 75. 1 74. 7 63.9 68. 2 78. 3 77. 4 82.4 72. 7 82. 7 _ 266. 4 74. 6 75. 8 78.4 83. 2 _ 2 65.0 72. 1 73. 9 77. 1 81.4 _ 2 62. 3 68.4 70. 7 73. 7 78.6 _ 267. 0 75. 1 76. 3 80. 1 83. 6 . 2 69. 2 76. 2 77. 2 80. 7 84. 2 _ z62. 9 71. 7 72. 9 76.9 81. 6 1 57. 7 1 63.5 ‘ 66. 1 1 69.2 1 73. 8 1 79.3 53. 3 58. 0 62. 7 64.9 68. 6 72.4 53. 8 58. 5 63.3 65.4 69. 0 72. 6 50.4 55.9 60.2 62. 8 66.4 70. 9 1953 1954 1955 1956 1957 1958 .......................... -......................... -------------------------------------------......................... ---------------------- 80. 9 83. 8 86. 8 90. 8 95.5 99.8 81.3 84. 3 87. 1 85. 6 88. 1 90. 7 93.2 96. 6 99.9 86. 5 88. 7 91.4 93. 7 97. 1 100.0 84.9 87. 5 90. 5 93. 1 96.5 .1 82. 2 85. 6 88. 6 9 1.2 100 86.9 89.5 91.6 93.9 96.9 .1 100 87. 3 89. 7 91.6 94. 0 97. 0 .0 100 85. 1 88. 0 9 0.4 93.0 96.2 100.0 81. 1 85. 1 87. 6 91. 1 94.9 100. 6 78. 1 81.4 86. 0 90.2 95. 1 .1 100 78. 3 81.5 86. 1 90. 3 95. 1 .1 100 76.5 80. 5 85. 1 89.8 95.0 100. 2 1959 ---------------------I960 ______________ 1961 - ........................ 1962 ---------------------1963 .......................... 1964 3.......................... 1965 .......................... 104. 7 109. 0 113. 3 117. 5 121.7 126. 2 104. 5 105. 7 103. 3 103.5 108. 6 110. 6 106. 3 106. 9 112. 8 115. 9 109. 7 110. 6 117. 1 120. 1 112. 9 114. 0 121.3 124. 4 116. 2 117.4 125.7 129. 7 119. 3 120. 7 102. 8 106.4 109.9 113. 3 116. 7 119. 7 103.4 106.6 110.5 113. 7 117. 3 121. 3 104. 2 108.6 113. 1 117. 1 121.3 125. 3 103. 1 105.4 108.4 111. 3 114.4 117. 1 102.9 105. 1 107. 7 110. 8 113.9 117. 4 103. 8 106.5 .1 113.4 116. 8 118. 1 104.4 108.4 112.5 117. 1 121.5 126.4 104. 8 109.3 113.4 117.8 123. 1 127.7 104.9 109. 3 113.4 117. 8 123. 1 127.7 104. 7 109. 3 113.4 117.9 123. 6 128.2 1942 1943 1944 1945 1946 4 3 0 8 1 5 91.0 95. 6 99. 9 77. 7 81.0 84. 5 89. 6 94. 8 99.4 86. 0 88. 5 91.0 93.4 96. 7 100. 0 96.2 99.5 1 Oct. 1. 2 Jan. 2. 3 Prelim inary. NOTE: Dashes indicate no data or data that do not meet publication criteria. 110 Chart 1. Trends of Union Wage Scales, 1907-64 1905 So urce: 1910 T a b le 1. 1915 1920 1925 1930 1935 1940 1 945 1950 1955 I960 1965 1970 4 P r o d u c t io n W o r k e r s in M a c h in e r y M a n u fa ctu r in g , M a jo r M e tro p o lita n A r e a s ; M a in te n a n ce , U n s k ille d W o r k e r s , O f fi c e C l e r i c a l W o r k e r s , and In d u s tr ia l N u r s e s , A ll I n d u s tr ie s , S e le c t e d M e t r o p o lit a n A r e a s D ata f o r the in d e x e s w e r e c o m p ile d b y the D iv is io n o f O c c u p a tio n a l P a y f r o m data o b ta in e d in the B u r e a u 1s in d u s tr y w a g e s u r v e y s and the annual o c c u p a tio n a l w a g e s u r v e y s in s e le c t e d m e t r o p o lit a n a r e a s . T h e in fo r m a t io n r e f e r s to s t r a ig h t -t im e a v e r a g e h o u r ly e a r n in g s , e x c lu d ing p r e m iu m p a y f o r o v e r t im e and f o r w o r k on w e e k e n d s , h o lid a y s , and la te s h ifts . In c e n tiv e p a y is in c lu d e d as p a r t o f r e g u la r p a y , but n o n p r o d u c tio n b o n u s e s a r e e x c lu d e d . W e e k ly e a r n in g s f o r o f f i c e c l e r i c a l and in d u s t r ia l n u r s e s r e f e r to the s t r a ig h t -t im e s a la r y c o r r e s p o n d in g to the w o r k e r s * n o r m a l w e e k ly w o r k s c h e d u le e x c lu d in g o v e r t im e . D ata w e r e o b ta in e d f r o m a s a m p le o f e s ta b lis h m e n ts by p e r s o n a l v is it , o r , in the c a s e o f s o m e m a c h in e r y e s t a b lis h m e n t s , by m a il in a lte r n a te y e a r s . T o o b ta in a p p r o p r ia t e a c c u r a c y at m in im u m c o s t , a g r e a t e r p r o p o r t io n o f la r g e than s m a ll e s ta b lis h m e n ts w a s s tu d ie d . In c o m b in in g the d ata , h o w e v e r , a ll e s ta b lis h m e n ts w e r e g iv e n th e ir a p p r o p r ia t e w e ig h t. O c c u p a tio n a l c l a s s if i c a t io n w a s b a s e d on a u n ifo r m s e t o f jo b d e s c r i p t io n s d e s ig n e d to ta k e in to a c c o u n t m in o r in t e r e s t a b lis h m e n t v a r ia t io n in d u tie s w ith in the s a m e jo b . M a c h in e r y M a n u fa ctu rin g P r o d u c t io n W o r k e r s . T h e in d e x e s o f w a ge tr e n d s in the m a c h in e r y in d u s tr y r e p r e s e n t e s ta b lis h m e n ts w ith ZO e m p lo y e e s 2 o r m o r e in 21 m a jo r a r e a s o f m a c h in e r y p r o d u c t io n (ta b le 2). In 1964, th e s e a r e a s a c c o u n te d f o r n e a r ly t w o -fift h s o f the 1. 6 m i ll io n w o r k e r s in the N ation*s n o n e le c t r i c a l m a c h in e r y m a n u fa ctu rin g in d u s t r ie s . O n ly s e le c t e d o c c u p a tio n s c h o s e n f o r t h e ir n u m e r ic a l im p o r t a n c e , th e ir u s e fu ln e s s in c o l l e c t i v e b a r g a in in g , o r b e c a u s e th e y a r e r e p r e s e n t a t iv e o f the in d u s tr ia l w a ge s c a le s t r u c t u r e w e r e stu d ie d . O v e r the p e r i o d c o v e r e d b y th e s e in d e x e s , th e r e h a v e b e e n ch a n g e s in o c c u p a t io n a l and in d u s tr ia l c o v e r a g e . T h e in d e x e s f o r 1945, 1946, and 1947, a r e b a s e d on ^ m is c e lla n e o u s m a c h in e r y , " w h ich c o n s is t s o f a ll ty p e s o f m a c h in e r y e x c e p t e l e c t r i c a l , and m a c h in e to o ls and a c c e s s o r i e s . In 1949, and s u c c e s s iv e y e a r s , m a c h in e t o o ls and m a c h i n e - t o o l a c c e s s o r i e s w e r e add ed to m i s c e l la n e o u s m a c h in e r y . T h e 1959 and s u b s e q u e n t s u r v e y s w e r e b a s e d on a r e v is e d d e fin itio n o f the m a c h in e r y in d u s tr ie s g ro u p as p r o v id e d in the 1957 e d itio n o f the S tan dard In d u s tr ia l C la s s i f i c a t i o n M a n u a l. A lin k in g p r o c e d u r e w a s u s e d to m in im iz e the e f fe c t on the in d e x o f the ch a n ge in in d u s tr y d e fin it io n s . T h is w as a c c o m p lis h e d b y co m p u tin g the p e r c e n t o f ch a n ge f r o m 1958 to 1959 f o r th o s e e s ta b lis h m e n ts in c lu d e d in b oth s u r v e y s , and a p p ly in g the p e r c e n t a g e ch a n g e to the 1958 in d e x (c o m p u te d w ith r e f e r e n c e to the p r e v io u s d e fin itio n o f the in d u s try ) to o b ta in the 1959 in d e x . B e f o r e 1952, c o v e r a g e o f m a c h in e -t o o l o p e r a t io n s w a s lim ite d to c e r t a in ty p e s o f m a c h in e s . In 1952, the o c c u p a tio n a l c o v e r a g e o f the s u r v e y w as i n c r e a s e d to in c lu d e , w ith m in o r e x c e p t io n s , a ll m a c h i n e - t o o l o p e r a t o r s , c l a s s e s A , B , and C . T h e in d e x e s s in c e 1952 h av e b e e n co m p u te d on the b a s is o f the b r o a d e r o c c u p a t io n a l c o v e r a g e . 2 The index also includes establishments with 8 to 19 workers engaged primarily in the manufacture o f special dies and tools, die sets, jigs and fixtures, or m achine-tool accessories and measuring devices. 5 Table 2. Hourly Earnings: Machinery Manufacturing (I n d e x e s o f a v e r a g e s t r a i g h t - t i m e h o u r ly e a r n in g s o f m e n in s e l e c t e d p r o d u c t i o n o c c u p a t i o n s , s e l e c t e d m e t r o p o l i t a n a r e a s , 1945—64 1 ) (1 9 5 8 - 5 9 = 100 2) S e l e c t e d o c c u p a t io n s P e r io d m a t e r ia l h a n d lin g 1945 1 946 1947 1948 1949 1951 1952 1953 1954 1955 1 956 1958 1959 1960 J a n u a r y ______ O c t o b e r ______ N o v e m b e r ___ N o v e m b e r ___ N o v e m b e r ___ J a n u a r y ______ J a n u a r y _____ J a n u a r y ______ J a n u a r y ______ J a n u a r y ______ 1962 1963 1964 1965 M a r c h —J u n e „ M a r c h —M a y M a r c h —M a y __ 194 5: 194 6: 1947: 194 8: 1949:: 1951: 1952: 1953: 1954: 1955: 1956: 1958: 1959: 1960: 1961: 1962: 1963: 1964: 1965: _ _ _ __ J a n u a r y ______ J an u arv J an u arv _ _ J a n u a r y ______ O c t o b e r ______ N o v e m b e r ___ N o v e m b e r ___ N o v e m b e r ___ J a n u a r y ______ J a n u a r y ____ J a n u a r y ______ Jan u ary J a n u a r y .. . . . J a n u a r y ______ Jan u ary J a n u a r y ______ J a n u a r y ______ M a r c h —M a y M a r c h —Ju n e M a r c h —M a y M a r ch —M a y 40. 51 . 55 . 60 . 62 . 67. 72. 77. 80 . 83. 86 . 97. 102. 105. T o o l an d d ie m a k e r s (o t h e r than j o b b in g ) 7 0 1 8 5 4 0 1 7 7 7 7 3 7 48. 4 56 . 6 6 1 .0 65. 3 66. 5 70. 0 73. 5 77 . 9 82 . 7 85 . 1 89 . 2 98 . 0 102. 0 105. 9 109. 7 112. 7 1 1 5 .4 119. 2 112. 5 115. 8 119. 6 _______ _____ ... . _ _. . ..... _______ __ __ P r o d u c t i o n w o r k e r s in — B a lt i m ore B oston 45. 0 53. 8 59. 0 64. 1 65. 1 70. 0 73. 8 78. 7 82. 6 85. 2 89. 3 98. 4 1 0 1 .6 105. 8 109. 0 112. 1 115. 1 118. 2 43. 9 52 . 2 57 . 5 62. 6 62. 2 66. 2 67 . 9 73. 6 76 . 8 82. 9 87 . 8 97. 0 103. 0 105. 8 1 1 0 .4 112. 5 118. 0 121. 5 45. 4 53. 4 59. 4 66. 6 69. 6 72. 6 75. 2 79. 7 83. 7 8 6 .4 89 . 1 97. 7 102. 2 107. 4 112. 1 115. 4 118. 7 120. 4 Los A n g e le sL ong B each M il w aukee M in n e a p o lis — S t. P a u l N ew Y ork C ity N ew a rk and Jersey C ity P h ila d e lp h ia 48. 7 56. 3 60. 5 64. 3 65. 1 69. 9 73. 2 79. 0 81. 8 85. 0 89. 1 98. 7 101. 2 105. 2 110. 4 1 1 1 .8 1 15. 2 1 16. 5 4 1 .4 52 . 9 57 . 7 62. 6 62. 5 67. 6 73. 4 78. 7 81 . 8 84 . 3 8 8 .4 98 . 4 101. 6 105. 5 109. 2 112. 5 115. 3 118. 2 45. 3 53. 8 58. 7 64. 1 66 . 9 70. 3 74 . 6 80. 3 84 . 4 87. 1 90. 6 98 . 7 101. 3 105. 2 1 1 1 .4 113. 6 116. 4 121. 2 46. 7 55. 8 61. 5 66. 0 70. 7 75. 5 76. 7 8 1 .4 85 . 3 88 . 6 9 1 .4 99 . 3 100. 7 103. 6 107. 8 1 1 1 .8 115. 1 118. 6 47. 6 56 . 1 59 . 7 66. 5 68. 1 7 L. 4 76. 3 8 1 .0 83 . 4 85. 9 90 . 1 97 . 9 102. 1 103. 6 107. 9 1 1 1 .1 114. 1 119. 4 44. 54. 57. 63. 66. 70. 73. 80. 85. 87. 91. 97. 102. 106. 1 10. 1 12. 1 14. 1 16. com b in e d 1 3 2 B u ffa lo 47. 57. 57. 64. 63. 68. 72. 78. 83. 88. 98. 101. 104. 109. 111. 114. 118. 0 5 4 7 4 1 5 9 5 5 6 3 8 0 1 9 6 C h ic a g o 44. 3 53. 7 59. 5 65. 5 65 . 3 71. 6 74 . 4 79. 9 83 . 6 86 . 6 90 . 0 98. 2 1 0 1 .8 106. 2 107. 8 1 1 1 .1 1 1 4 .6 118. 8 1 2 3 C le v e la n d 48. 55. 63. 66. 67. 72. 76. 79. 83. 85. 90. 98. 101. 108. 1961 1 10. 1 14. 117. 120. D a ll a s D enver 51. 4 0 7 58. 2 6 62. 6 67. 0 5 1 69. 5 3 74. 4 0 76. 8 81. 1 6 6 85. 9 7 87. 4 4 89. 8 9 98. 3 1 101. 7 104. 8 0 3M a r108. c h —M0 a y 5 1 10. 9 6 1 13. 8 5 1 18. 4 7 2 9 8 4 1 8 8 0 7 1 6 4 6 0 7 1 8 P itts bu rgh 40. 1 49. 5 53. 2 60. 1 59. 7 67. 6 68. 5 73. 2 78. 7 80. 3 87. 1 97. 3 102. 7 105. 5 108. 5 1 10. 3 1 1 1 .0 1 12. 3 . - - (4) 80. 7 84. 7 98. 9 101. 1 104. 8 __108. 2 109. 4 112. 2 1 15. 1 P ort la n d (O r e g . ) _ _ - ( 4) 85. 6 88. 5 98. 4 101. 6 110. 8 1 13. 1 117. 0 120. 4 124. 1 D e tr o it H a rt fo r d 48. 6 55. 3 60. 3 63. 0 64. 4 69. 2 73. 5 77. 7 81. 9 84. 2 88. 7 98. 9 101. 1 105. 3 109. 108.92 1 10. 4 113. 0 115. 4 44. 52. 58. 64. 63. 68. 72. 78. 82. 84. 88. 98. 101. 106. 111. 1 14. 117. 12 2 . St. L o u is 40. 48. 56. 61. 62. 65. 69. 74. 81. 84. 89. 98. 101. 105. 110. 115. 119. 122. 7 0 9 2 3 6 9 3 7 9 6 3 7 5 1 7 7 2 5 8 2 8 7 9 3 6 2 6 5 4 5 3 3 0 7 3 H o u s to n 47. 52. 58. 65. 66. 70. 73. 78. 81. 84. 89. 99. 100. 107. 107. 109. 112. 113. 1 9 8 8 2 4 7 1 6 7 2 6 4 9 6 9 0 5 San F ran - W o rce s c is c o — te r O a k la n d 46. 53. 57. 61. 62. 64. 70. 72. 77. 80. 80. 95. 104. 106. 109. 112. 116. 119. 4 0 6 9 3 4 5 8 8 0 9 9 1 7 9 6 3 6 . _ - _ _ - (4) 84. 8 90. 4 98. 3 101. 6 103. 5 108. 9 111. 8 115. 9 118. 3 D a ta f o r th e p e r i o d s s h o w n a s J a n u a r y 195 1—60 c o v e r v a r i o u s m o n t h s , g e n e r a l l y w i n t e r , o f th e y e a r . M a c h in e r y s u r v e y w a s n o t c o n d u c t e d in 1 9 5 7 ; b a s e p e r i o d li m i t e d to 2 y e a r s . T h e a l l a r e a a v e r a g e f o r th e y e a r s 1945 t h r o u g h 1953 w a s m a d e up o f the a r e a s s h o w n an d P r o v i d e n c e , S y r a c u s e , A tla n t a , C h a tta n o o g a , T u l s a , C in c i n n a t i, I n d i a n a p o l is , an d S e a t t le —T a c o m a . 4 D a ta f o r 1 954 a n d e a r l i e r y e a r s w e r e n o t s u f f i c i e n t l y c o m p a r a b l e w ith in f o r m a t i o n f o r s u b s e q u e n t y e a r s to s h o w h e r e , b u t t h e s e d a ta w e r e in c l u d e d in th e t o t a l f o r a l l a r e a s s t u d i e d . NOTE: D ashes i n d ic a t e n o d a ta o r d a ta th at d o n o t m e e t p u b lic a t i o n c r ite r ia . Chart 2. Trends of Occupational Wage Rates, Machinery Manufacturing, Selected Periods, 1945-64 (1958-59=100) 1945 1946 1947 Source: Table 2. 1948 1949 1950 1951 1952 1953 1954 1955 1956 1957 1958 1959 I960 1961 1962 1963 19 6 4 7 D e fin itio n s f o r p r o d u c t io n and t o o l r o o m m a c h in e t o o l - o p e r a t o r s and to o l and d ie m a k e r s w e r e r e v is e d in I9 6 0 . In co m p u tin g the p e r c e n t o f ch a n ge f r o m 1959 to I9 6 0 in a r e a s a ffe c t e d b y the c h a n g e s , the a v e r a g e e a r n in g s u s e d in th e s e jo b s , f o r in d e x c o n s t r u c t io n p u r p o s e s , in b o th y e a r s , w e r e b a s e d on e a rn in g s o f w o r k e r s c l a s s i f i e d in a c c o r d a n c e w ith the r e v is e d d e fin it io n s . In d iv id u a l a r e a in d e x e s , w ith co n s ta n t a r e a w e ig h ts s in c e 1953, w e r e c o n s t r u c t e d in o r d e r to m in im iz e the e f fe c t s o f ch a n g e s in the o c c u p a t io n a l c o m p o s it io n o f the w o r k f o r c e , o r an y ch a n g e s in an a r e a ’ s r e la t iv e in d u s tr y i m p o r ta n c e . T h e c o m p o s it e in d e x f o r a ll c o m b in e d a r e a s h as a ls o b e e n co m p u te d w ith c o n s ta n t a r e a w e ig h ts s in c e 1953. F r o m 1953 th ro u g h 1961, the c o n s ta n t w e ig h ts w e r e b a s e d on the a v e r a g e e m p lo y m e n t f o r 1953—54; s in c e 1962, the w e ig h ts h av e b e e n b a s e d on the 1960—61 a v e r a g e e m p lo y m e n t. P r i o r to 1953, a r e a in d e x e s w e r e c o m p u te d b y w e ig h tin g the s e le c t e d jo b e a rn in g s in a 2 - y e a r p e r io d w ith the jo b e m p lo y m e n t r e c o r d e d f o r the s e c o n d y e a r . C o m p o s it e in d e x e s w e r e c o m p ile d in the s a m e m a n n e r , but to ta l a v e r a g e e a rn in g s w e r e w e ig h te d b y to ta l e m p lo y m e n t f o r the s e c o n d y e a r in e a ch a r e a . A ll in d e x e s h a v e b e e n c o n v e r t e d to a 1958—59 b a s e b y d iv id in g e a c h in d e x b y the a v e r a g e o f the in d e x e s f o r 1958—59. 3 S k ille d P la n t M a in te n a n ce and U n s k ille d W o r k e r s , O f fi c e C l e r i c a l W o r k e r s , and I n d u s tr ia l N u r s e s , in S e le c t e d M e t r o p o lita n A r e a s . T h e B u re a u o f L a b o r S t a t is t ic s c o n d u c ts annual s u r v e y s o f o c c u p a t io n a l e a r n in g s and r e la te d p r a c t i c e s in s e le c t e d m e t r o p o lit a n a r e a s . E a r n in g s d ata a r e p u b lis h e d f o r the f o llo w in g ty p e s o f o c c u p a t io n s : (a) O f fi c e c l e r i c a l ; (b) p r o f e s s i o n a l and t e c h n i c a l; (c ) m a in te n a n c e and p o w e r p la n t; and (d) c u s t o d ia l and m a t e r ia l m o v e m e n t . O f th e s e o c c u p a t io n s , in d e x e s f o r o f f i c e c l e r i c a l , in d u s t r ia l n u r s e s , s k ille d p lan t m a in te n a n c e w o r k e r s , and u n s k ille d w o r k e r s , a r e r e p r e s e n t e d in th is r e p o r t . P r i o r to I9 6 0 , the co m m u n ity w a g e s u r v e y s w e r e lim it e d to a p p r o x im a te ly 17 m e t r o p o lit a n a r e a s . In I9 6 0 , the p r o g r a m w as e xp a n d ed to 60 a r e a s , and in the fo llo w in g y e a r to 80 a r e a s . T h e s e a r e a s w e r e s e le c t e d to r e p r e s e n t a ll S ta n d a rd M e t r o p o lita n S t a t is t ic a l A r e a s in the U nited S ta tes b y c h o o s in g o n e a r e a fr o m a s tra tu m o f s im i la r a r e a s . A ll the a r e a s w e r e c l a s s i f i e d b y s i z e , r e g io n , and ty p e o f in d u s t r ia l a c t iv it y . P r o b a b ilit y s a m p lin g w a s u s e d to c h o o s e m o s t o f the a r e a s , e a c h a r e a h a v in g a ch a n ce o f s e le c t io n p r o p o r t io n a t e to its to ta l n o n a g r ic u ltu r a l e m p lo y m e n t. T h e 37 a r e a s that w e r e c e r t a in o f in c lu s io n b e c a u s e o f th e ir s i z e (a s m e a s u r e d b y the I9 6 0 C e n su s o f P o p u la tio n ) o r b e c a u s e o f the u n u s u a l n a tu re o f t h e ir in d u s t r ia l c o m p o s it io n , r e p r e s e n t e d t h e m s e lv e s ; e a ch o f the 43 o th e r a r e a s w a s w e ig h te d b y the r a tio o f to ta l n o n a g r ic u lt u r a l e m p lo y m e n t in the s tra tu m that it r e p r e s e n t e d to that in the s a m p le a r e a w h en p r e p a r in g e s tim a te s f o r a ll a r e a s c o m b in e d . W ith in e a ch a r e a a s a m p le o f e s ta b lis h m e n ts w as taken to o b ta in f ir m s r e p r e s e n t a t iv e o f e a c h b r o a d in d u s tr ia l g r o u p in g in c lu d e d in the s u r v e y . D ata w e r e o b ta in e d f r o m r e p r e s e n t a t iv e e s ta b lis h m e n ts w ith in s ix b r o a d in d u s tr y d iv is io n s : (1) M a n u fa ctu r in g ; (2) t r a n s p o r ta t io n , c o m m u n ic a tio n , and o t h e r p u b lic u t i li t ie s ; (3) w h o le s a le tr a d e ; (4) r e t a il t r a d e ; (5) fin a n c e , in s u r a n c e , and r e a l e s ta t e ; and (6) s e le c t e d s e r v i c e s . E x c lu d e d f r o m the s c o p e o f the s u r v e y s w e r e the c o n s t r u c t io n and e x t r a c t iv e in d u s t r ie s , as w e ll as g o v e r n m e n t in s t it u t io n s . 3 For further detail concerning procedures, see Industry Wage Survey: Machinery Manufacturing. March-May 1963 (BLS Bulletin 1388, 1964). 8 E s t a b lis h m e n ts o f a p r e s e l e c t e d s i z e w e r e s u r v e y e d . In 12 o f the l a r g e s t a r e a s , o n ly e s ta b lis h m e n ts w ith 100 e m p lo y e e s o r m o r e w e r e s tu d ie d in m a n u fa c t u r in g , p u b lic u t ilit ie s , and r e t a il t r a d e . In o th e r a r e a s and in d u s t r ie s , the l o w e r lim it w a s 50 e m p lo y e e s . S m a lle r e s ta b lis h m e n ts w e r e o m itte d b e c a u s e in th e s e f ir m s r e p r e s e n t a t io n o f the o c c u p a tio n s s tu d ie d ten d ed to b e in s u ffic ie n t to w a r r a n t in c lu s io n . O v e r 1 2 ,0 0 0 e s ta b lis h m e n ts e m p lo y in g 8 .3 m i ll io n w o r k e r s w e r e in c lu d e d in the 1963—64 s u r v e y f r o m an e s tim a te d u n iv e r s e o f m o r e than 6 4 ,0 0 0 e s t a b li s h m e n ts e m p lo y in g abou t 17. 6 m i ll io n w ith in the s c o p e o f the s tu d ie s in a ll m e t r o p o lita n a r e a s . T a b le s 3 th ro u g h 6 p r e s e n t in d e x e s o f e a r n in g s f o r s e le c t e d o c c u p a t io n s , in 23 m a jo r m e t r o p o lit a n a r e a s , f o r w o r k e r s in m a n u fa c tu r in g and a ll in d u s t r ie s . T h e in d e x e s in ta b le 3 r e p r e s e n t h o u r ly e a r n in g s f o r m e n in u n s k ille d p la n t o c c u p a t io n s ; ta b le 4 p r e s e n t s in d e x e s o f h o u r ly e a r n in g s o f s k ille d p la n t m a in te n a n c e m e n ; ta b le s 5 and 6, r e s p e c t i v e l y , p r e s e n t s w e e k ly e a r n in g s o f m*en and w o m e n o f f i c e w o r k e r s , and w e e k ly e a rn in g s o f m e n and w o m e n n u r s e s .4 T h e s e 23 a r e a s in c lu d e the 22 l a r g e s t S ta n da rd M e t r o p o lita n S t a t is t ic a l A r e a s , and A tla n ta , w h ich w a s s e le c t e d b e c a u s e o f g e o g r a p h ic a l c o n s i d e r a t i o n s . E x c e p t f o r San D ie g o , a ll a r e a s w ith o v e r on e m i ll io n p o p u la tio n w e r e in c lu d e d . In c o m p u tin g the in d e x e s , a v e r a g e w e e k ly s a l a r ie s o r h o u r ly e a rn in g s f o r e a c h o f the s e le c t e d o c c u p a t io n s o f an o c c u p a t io n a l g r o u p w e r e m u ltip lie d b y a co n s ta n t w e ig h t c o n s is t in g o f the a v e r a g e o f 1953 and 1954 e m p lo y m e n t. 5 T h e s e w e ig h te d e a r n in g s w e r e to ta le d f o r e a c h o c c u p a t io n a l g r o u p and c o m p a r e d w ith the c o r r e s p o n d i n g a g g r e g a t e o f the p r e v io u s y e a r to a r r i v e at the p e r c e n t a g e ch a n g e in e a r n in g s , w h ich is th en a p p lie d to th e p r e v io u s y e a r * s in d e x to a r r i v e at the c u r r e n t y e a r * s in d e x . Th e u s e o f co n s ta n t o c c u p a t io n a l e m p lo y m e n t w e ig h ts e l i m i n a tes the e f f e c t s o f ch a n g e s in the p r o p o r t io n o f w o r k e r s r e p r e s e n t e d in e a c h jo b . T a b le 7 p r e s e n t s n a tio n a l and r e g io n a l in d e x e s o f the o c c u p a tio n s r e p r e s e n te d in th e p r e c e d i n g 4 t a b le s , sp a n n in g the y e a r s I9 6 0 to 1964, w ith 1961 as th e b a s e p e r i o d . T h is s e r i e s is a ls o b a s e d o n 1961 e m p lo y m e n t w e ig h ts . A b o u t o n e -t h ir d o f the o f f i c e e m p lo y e e s w ith in the s c o p e o f th e s u r v e y w e r e e m p lo y e d in o c c u p a tio n s r e p r e s e n t e d in the o f f i c e w o r k e r * s in d e x , and n e a r ly h a lf o f a ll in d u s t r ia l n u r s e s in the U n ited S ta tes w e r e in c lu d e d in the in d e x e s f o r that o c c u p a t io n a l g r o u p . T h e s k ille d w o r k e r s in c lu d e d in the in d e x c o m p r i s e e ig h t m a in te n a n c e o c c u p a t io n s : C a r p e n t e r s , e l e c t r i c i a n s , m a c h in is t s , m e c h a n ic s , m e c h a n ic s (a u t o m o t iv e ), p a in t e r s , p ip e f i t t e r s , and t o o l and d ie m a k e r s . The un s k ille d c a t e g o r y c o n s i s t s o f c u s t o d ia l w o r k e r s and l a b o r e r s ( m a t e r ia l h a n d lin g ). C h a n g es in the in d e x m e a s u r e , p r i m a r i l y , the e f fe c t s o f (1 ) g e n e r a l s a l a r y and w a g e c h a n g e s ; (2) i n c r e a s e s in p a y r e c e i v e d b y in d iv id u a l w o r k e r s w h ile on th e ir s a m e j o b s ; and (3) ch a n g e s in a v e r a g e w a g e s d ue to c h a n g e s in the la b o r f o r c e and r e s u lt in g f r o m la b o r t u r n o v e r , f o r c e e x p a n s io n s , and r e d u c t io n s , as w e ll as c h a n g e s in the p r o p o r t io n o f w o r k e r s e m p lo y e d b y e s ta b lis h m e n ts at d i f fe r e n t l e v e ls o f p a y . It sh ou ld b e n o te d that tr e n d s in the in d e x e s d o n o t n e c e s s a r i l y r e f l e c t c h a n g e s in e a rn in g s a m o n g p r o d u c t io n w o r k e r s g e n e r a lly o r in th e a r e a c o v e r e d . 6 4 Indexes for office workers and industrial nurses represent women workers through 1959 and men and women thereafter. 5 Indexes from 1960 on are based on 1961 employment weights. 6 For further elaboration on these indexes, see Wages and Related Benefits, Part II: Metropolitan Areas, United States and Regional Summaries, 1962-63 (BLS Bulletin 1345-83, 1964), pp. 43r-45. 9 Table 3. Hourly Earnings: Unskilled Plant Workers (Ind exes o f a v e r a g e s t r a ig h t-tim e h ou rly ea rn in gs fo r m en in s e le c t e d u n sk illed plant o cc u p a tio n s , a ll in d u str ie s and m a n u fa ctu rin g , s e le c t e d m e tro p o lita n a r e a s , 1952—64) _____________________________________________________ (1961 = 100)_____________________________________________________ A ll in d u stries Y ea r1 A tlanta 1952 1953 1954 1955 1956 1957 1958 I959 1960 1961 1962 1963 1964 1965 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------.......... ......................... ----------------------------— ............................... ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------...................................------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 65. 3 6 9 .9 74. 0 75. 4 85. 7 8 9 .9 9 4 .9 95. 8 9 7 .4 100. 0 106. 4 108. 9 110. 5 B a lt i m ore 63. 4 73. 0 _ 88. 7 9 1 .0 96. 0 100. 0 104. 2 105. 1 109. 6 B oston B uffalo C h ica g o C in cin nati C le v e land 68. 8 71. 7 75. 4 77. 2 _ 82. 1 85. 9 9 2. 0 95. 6 100. 0 102. 8 106. 2 109. 2 64. 8 70. 0 75. 3 _ 82. 7 _ 92. 7 9 5 .7 100. 0 102. 3 105. 9 108. 4 68. 72. 76. 78. 82. 85. 90. 94. 96. 100. 102. 106. 109. _ _ _ . _ 94. 4 100. 0 104. 8 107. 8 111.1 65. 6 68. 4 76. 3 _ 85. 3 92 . 0 97. 2 100. 0 102. 3 105. 5 108. 5 7 1 2 9 5 8 0 2 5 0 5 4 2 D allas D etroit 72. 8 7 5 .4 7 7 .9 8 1 .6 84. 8 8 9 .9 95. 0 97. 6 100. 0 102. 7 105. 7 110. 3 _ _ _ _ _ 95. 4 100. 0 1 0 1 .8 105. 2 109. 1 H ouston _ . _ _ . _ 9 8 .9 100. 0 107. 3 108. 3 114. 3 K ansas C ity 69. 8 _ _ 86. 7 . 94. 1 100. 0 104. 5 105. 6 108. 6 L os A n g e le s Long B ea ch 65. 70. 75. 77. 80. 84. 89. 93. 96. 100. 103. 107. 110. 5 7 0 6 3 6 0 6 7 0 2 1 9 M anufacturing 64. 5 69.9 73. 3 74. 6 83. 1 88 . 6 95. 1 97. 0 96. 1 100 . 0 107. 6 107. 9 109. 3 1958 --------------------------1959 --------------------------1960 -......................... ..... 1961 1962 1963 1964 --------------------------196 * 61.2 71.6 86 . 2 89 . 2 94. 4 100 . 0 103. 6 105. 9 110. 2 69. 71. 75. 78. 3 7 6 64. 3 69. 3 0 74. 7 81.9 85. 6 92. 3 95. 6 100 . 0 100. 7 10 2 . 9 105. 3 91.9 96. 1 100 . 0 1 0 1 .9 105.0 107. 7 82. 4 65. 6 69. 1 68 . 2 72. 7 76. 2 78. 2 82. 1 86 . 1 90. 6 94. 0 96. 8 100 . 0 103. 2 105. 8 107. 5 75. 3 83. 8 89. 7 93. 8 ' 10 0.0 104. 8 108. 0 110. 6 95. 9 100 . 0 10 2 . 2 104. 8 108. 4 73. 2 80. 2 83. 3 84. 2 89 . 0 92.9 95. 6 97. 2 100 . 0 106. 7 107.4 112. 9 68 . I 86 . 0 100 . 0 10 1.8 97. 8 10 0 . 0 108. 0 105. 4 108. 4 109. 7 114. 0 95. 5 96. 2 100 . 0 103. 3 104. 3 107. 2 66. 7 71.8 75. 3 78. 0 81. 1 84. 7 89. 3 93. 0 97. 0 100 . 0 1 0 1 .9 105. 6 108. 4 A ll industries 1952 ----------------------------1953 ----------------------------- _______ - _____ 1955 ----------------------------- _____ I 9 5 4 ____________________ 1956 1957 1958 1959 1960 1961 1962 1963 1964 1965 ----------------------------...................... ............ --------------------------------------------------------- — ---- --------- ------------------------------------------......... ......................... ___________________ -------------------------................................... _____ M il waukee Minne apolis— St. Paul Newark and Jersey City New York City 65. 3 71.8 75. 1 _ 79.7 _ 90. 7 94. 2 96.5 100. 0 102.4 106. 3 109. 1 62. 1 67. 1 71.4 74. 9 78. 6 83. 6 87. 9 92. 2 95. 7 100. 0 104. 0 106. 7 110. 9 64. 6 69. 1 74. 0 77.0 81. 7 _ 88. 7 93. 2 96.0 100. 0 101.9 106. 0 109. 0 67. 8 71.0 74. 9 76. 8 80. 6 85. 0 88. 9 92. 6 96. 7 100. 0 103. 8 108. 2 112. 0 P a ter son— Clifton— Passaic - _ - 94. 0 100. 0 103. 7 108. 9 110. 4 Phila delphia 64. 69. 72. 75. 80. 83. 88. 93. 97. 100. 103. 105. 110. 7 4 5 7 2 9 9 4 7 0 0 9 1 Pitts burgh - - 97. 0 100. 0 103. 3 105. 7 107.4 St. Louis 66. 8 69. 8 75. 7 77. 9 81.4 89. 0 91.8 95. 5 100. 0 103. 6 107. 2 109. 6 San Fran c is c o — Oakland 64. 2 68. 6 72. 8 75. 0 77. 6 81.9 86. 3 91.5 95. 4 100. 0 103. 0 107. 6 111.4 Seattle _ 95. 8 100. 0 103. 5 109. 2 115. 0 Washing ton . - 96. 1 100. 0 102. 1 106. 7 110. 9 Manufacturing 1952 1953 1954 1955 1956 1957 1958 1959 I960 1961 1962 1963 1964 1965 --------------------------------------------------------- — ........... ........................ ................................... ................................... ___________________ — ................................ ................................ ..... .............................. -............................... ............................... ..... ............................. ................................... ................................... 64. 9 71.7 75. 8 _ 81.4 . 91.4 94. 3 96. 6 100.0 102. 3 106. 9 110. 5 65. 2 69.9 73.9 77. 5 80. 7 85. 0 88. 5 93.4 96. 5 100. 0 104. 0 106. 1 110. 3 61.3 66. 3 71.4 74. 4 79. 6 _ 87. 6 92.5 95. 7 100. 0 101.6 105. 0 108. 7 66. 4 69. 73. 76. 79. 85. 89. 93. 95. 100. 104. 107. 109. 0 4 1 0 0 6 0 0 0 2 0 9 _ _ 94.9 100.0 104. 7 107. 1 109. 2 1 Year ending June 30. NOTE: Dashes indicate no data or data that do not m eet publication criteria. 64. 4 70. 4 72. 75. 80. 83. 88. 92. 98. 100. 103. 105. 110. 7 9 1 7 6 9 2 0 5 7 0 _ 96. 2 100. 0 103. 6 107. 1 107. 9 66. 5 64. 6 69. 7 69. 1 74. 9 76. 8 80. 3 88. 3 92. 0 96. 4 100. 0 103. 7 107. 3 109. 9 72. 0 75. 0 77. 2 81.9 86. 3 92. 3 95. 7 100. 0 102. 7 106. 5 111. 1 96.9 100. 0 103. 2 106. 9 113. 3 - - 10 Table 4. Hourly Earnings: Skilled Maintenance Trades (In d exes o f a v era g e s t r a ig h t-tim e h ou rly ea rn in gs o f m en in s e le c t e d sk illed m ain ten a n ce tra d es , a ll in d u str ie s and m a n u fa ctu rin g , s e le c t e d m e tro p o lita n a r e a s , 1952—64) (1961 = 100) A ll in d u stries Y ea r 1 A tlanta 1952 1953 1954 1955 1956 1957 1958 1959 I960 1961 1962 1963 1964 1965 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------— ....................... — ----------------------------......... .......................... .................................... ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 65. 70. 74. 76. 80. 84. 89. 92. 96. 7 6 3 5 5 1 2 8 5 B a lt i m ore 66. 0 - 76. 3 - 88. 7 9 3 .4 96. 7 B oston B uffalo C h ica g o C in cin nati 67. 7 7 1 .0 74. 8 76. 2 82. 7 87. 0 9 1 .7 9 5 .5 65. 5 70. 4 6 5 .9 70. 2 74. 6 77. 1 81. 1 85. 2 89. 6 93. 8 96. 5 . _ _ _ _ _ 95. 1 100. 0 100. 0 100. 0 104. 1 107. 3 103. 8 105. 7 108. 3 102. 2 105. 8 109. 1 111.0 - 75. 1 84. 1 92. 4 95. 8 100. 0 102. 5 104. 5 106. 3 100. 0 103. 5 105. 7 109. 3 100. 0 1 0 1 .6 105. 6 108. 3 C le v e land 65. 3 69. 4 _ 76. 4 _ 84. 6 90. 6 _ 96. 9 D allas 70. 74. 77. 81. 84. 87. 93. 97. 6 8 6 2 3 7 0 1 100. 0 100. 0 102. 5 106. 0 109. 3 104. 7 106. 7 110. 6 D etroit H ouston _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 95. 8 _ . _ _ _ . 100. 0 1 0 1 .9 104. 8 107. 7 . 97. 2 100. 0 104. 0 106. 1 108. 2 K ansas City 68. 7 _ _ _ 85. 7 _ _ 97. 6 100. 0 104. 6 107. 5 1 1 1 .4 L os A n g e le s Long B ea ch 66. 70. 74. 76. 80. 83. 88. 93. 96. 2 3 1 4 7 9 3 1 1 100. 0 103. 2 105. 9 109. 2 M anufacturing 1955 --------------------------1956 ---------------------- 1959 --------------------------1960 1961 --------------------------1962 --------------------------1963 ] 9 A4 1 96« 67. 5 72. 1 75. 6 78. 0 81.9 85. 1 90. 8 93. 9 96. 8 100 . 0 103. 5 10 6 . 9 109.9 2 4 3 7 65. 8 70. 5 76. 2 67. 70. 74. 75. 84. 3 89. 1 93.9 96.9 100 . 0 103. 8 105. 0 107. 2 82. 4 86 . 9 91.5 95.4 100 . 0 101. 1 104. 6 107. 8 65. 3 75. 2 92.4 95.9 100 . 0 102. 3 104. 3 105. 9 66 . 4 70. 4 74. 5 76. 7 81.2 85. 6 90. 2 94. 3 96. 8 100 . 0 103. 4 105. 4 108. 7 65. 5 69. 5 76. 5 84. 8 90. 5 95. 2 97. 0 100 . 0 1 0 1 .3 100 . 0 10 2 . 8 105. 3 108. 1 106. 3 109. 4 73. 3 78. 5 81.2 84. 0 87. 5 91.3 95.0 99. 0 100 . 0 104. 4 106.4 110. 5 69. 0 86 . 1 95. 7 98.4 97. 7 100 . 0 1 0 1 .9 100 . 0 100 . 0 103. 1 104. 5 10 6 . 2 105. 1 107. 7 104.9 107. 7 111.2 65. 7 70. 1 74. 2 76. 3 80. 8 84. 0 88 . 6 93. 0 96. 0 100 . 0 10 2 . 8 105. 9 108. 6 All industries M il waukee 1952 1953 1954 1955 1956 1957 1958 1959 1960 1961 1962 1963 1964 1965 ............................ ....... ................................ ---------------------- - ---------------- ------------------- ------------------................................... ----------------------------- — ----------------------------- — ................................... --------------- -------------..... ............................. --------------------- ---------------- ---------------- — ----------------------------- 64. 4 69. 2 73. 2 _ 78. 1 . 88 . 7 92. 1 96. 6 10 0 . 0 10 2 . 6 10 6 . 6 109. 5 Minne apolis— St. Paul 65. 2 70. 3 75. 0 77. 5 81. 2 85. 6 89. 1 93. 3 96. 4 100 . 0 103. 5 107. 7 111. 6 Newark and Jersey City New York City 67. 8 70. 4 74. 3 77. 1 81.2 _ 89. 7 93. 1 96.7 10 0 . 0 10 2 . 6 105. 7 109. 6 67. 6 71. 7 74. 9 78. 6 81.3 84. 3 87. 9 91. 8 95. 7 10 0 . 0 104. 3 108. 8 112. 2 Pater son— Clifton— Passaic _ - _ _ _ - 96. 2 100 . 0 104. 1 106. 4 110. 4 P hila delphia 66 . 7 70. 0 75. 1 78. 4 81.5 85. 8 90 . 2 93. 1 97. 8 100 . 0 103. 5 106. 4 109. 8 P itts burgh St. Louis 66 . 0 San Fran cis co — Oakland Seattle 96. 0 100 . 0 102. 9 103. 6 103. 8 69. 4 74. 4 76. 7 81. 5 . 89. 6 93. 3 97. 3 100 . 0 103. 7 106.4 109.9 67. 4 71. 3 74. 1 75. 9 78. 7 84. 5 89. 5 94. 2 96 . 9 100 . 0 103. 2 10 6 . 6 110.4 10Z. 7 105. 2 110. 1 _ 96. 3 100.0 103. 0 103. 5 103. 3 66 . 5 69. 8 74. 7 76. 8 81. 6 89. 7 93. 4 97. 6 100. 0 103. 6 105. 8 109. 1 65. 5 69. 3 72. 1 73. 7 76. 7 83. 3 88. 6 93. 2 95.2 100. 0 102. 9 105. 9 110. 2 97. 2 100. 0 102. 1 104. 4 109. 3 _ - _ _ _ - _ _ _ _ - 97. 6 10 0.0 Washing ton - _ 95.0 100.0 103. 5 108. 8 111.6 Manufacturing 1952 ----------------------------- 1953 ----------------------------- — 1954 1955 1956 1957 1958 1959 I960 1961 1962 1963 1964 1965 ---------- ------------------------------------------ — ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- --------------------------------- — --------------------------------------------------------- — ---------------------------------------------------------................................. ---- 64. 3 68. 7 73. 0 78. 0 _ 88. 5 92. 2 96. 6 100. 0 102. 1 106. 0 108. 6 65. 4 71. 6 76.4 77. 4 81. 6 85. 7 89. 6 93. 2 96. 3 100. 0 103. 8 107. 2 111.0 67. 5 70. 3 74. 2 76.9 81.3 89. 7 92.9 96. 6 100. 0 102. 3 105. 2 109.4 67. 2 71.0 74. 6 77. 8 80. 3 84. 7 88. 1 92. 2 95. 7 100. 0 104. 8 107. 7 110. 7 - 96.4 100. 0 104. 0 106. 7 110. 1 1 Y e a r ending June 30. NOTE: Dashes indicate no data or data that do not m eet publication criteria. 67. 3 70. 7 75. 8 78. 7 81.8 86. 2 90. 6 93. 5 98. 2 100. 0 103.4 106. 5 110. 0 . - . - 11 Table 5. W eekly Earnings: Office W orkers (in d ex es o f a v e r a g e st r a ig h t -t im e w eek ly ea rn in gs o f m en and w om en in s e le c t e d o ff ic e c l e r i c a l o cc u p a tio n s , a ll in d u str ie s and m a n u fa ctu rin g , s e le c t e d m e tro p o lita n a r e a s , 1952—64) ____ ____________________________________________________(1961 = 100)_________________________________________________________ A ll in d u stries Y ea r 1 Atlanta 1952 1953 1954 1955 1956 1957 1958 1959 I960 1961 1962 1963 1964 1965 ----- -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------................................ ----------------------------- 69. 0 72. 8 75. 0 76. 6 8 1 .4 84. 2 88. 9 9 2 .4 96. 5 100. 0 103. 1 107. 4 110. 5 B a lti m ore 69. 2 _ 78. 2 _ . 89. 8 9 2 .9 96. 6 100. 0 103. 1 1 0 5 .9 109. 7 B oston B uffalo C hica g o 67. 9 70. 8 74. 5 76. 6 . 82. 8 87. 6 9 2 .2 95. 3 100. 0 103. 9 106. 4 109. 5 66. 8 73. 0 _ 76. 8 _ 84. 1 _ 93. 8 96. 5 100. 0 102. 2 1 0 5 .4 107. 7 69. 73. 77. 80. 83. 88. 92. 95. 97. 100. 103. 105. 108. 3 2 4 1 7 2 3 1 8 0 2 6 2 C in cin nati - . . _ - 9 7 .4 100. 0 103. 6 106. 7 109. 2 C le v e land 65. 3 70. 3 - 77. 6 - 85. 8 92. 8 96. 2 100. 0 102. 6 105. 3 107. 9 D allas 72. 0 7 6 .0 79. 8 83. 0 87. 8 9 1 .6 94. 7 97. 5 100. 0 103. 3 105. 5 108. 5 D etroit H ouston - - _ - 97. 100. 102. 105. 108. 0 0 5 6 7 9 6 .9 100. 0 102. 3 105. 6 107. 2 Kans as C ity 70. 2 - 86. 7 96. 8 100. 0 1 0 4 .0 106. 7 108. 2 L os A n g e le s Long B ea ch 66. 70. 74. 76. 80. 85. 88. 92. 96. 100. 103. 106. 109. 1 8 0 7 3 3 0 2 0 0 3 7 5 M anufacturing 1952 1953 1954 1955 1956 1957 1958 1959 I960 1961 1962 1963 1964 1965 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 68. 72. 75. 76. 79. 83. 89. 91. 97. 100. 104. 107. 110. 0 2 0 4 8 8 5 7 1 0 4 6 5 6 6 .4 _ 75. 8 87. 7 9 2 .4 96. 0 100. 0 1 0 1 .6 104. 7 108. 4 68. 8 72. 6 75. 8 77. 5 83. 2 88. 3 9 2 .5 96. 1 100. 0 103. 3 106. 5 109. 6 6 5 .4 7 1 .3 _ 75. 8 - 83. 2 . 9 4 .4 9 6 .5 100. 0 102. 1 105. 1 106. 8 68. 6 72. 2 76. 7 79. 3 82. 6 87. 1 9 1 .9 94. 6 97. 0 100. 0 103. 0 105. 6 109. 3 . . . _ . 97. 1 100. 0 103. 3 106. 1 108. 4 64. 7 69. 5 . 77. 4 85. 9 93. 6 97. 1 100. 0 102. 4 104. 8 107. 5 . 75. 0 77. 5 8 1 .3 84. 5 89. 2 9 3 .3 9 5 .6 9 8 .5 1 0 0 .0 102. 3 103. 6 107. 2 . _ _ 96. 3 100. 0 102. 0 105. 5 108. 7 . - 96. 9 100. 0 102. 9 108. 5 109. 0 . 6 8 .9 8 4 .9 97. 1 100. 0 103. 7 106. 3 107. 7 65. 3 70. 8 74. 5 77. 1 80. 5 85. 1 88. 8 92. 8 96. 7 100. 0 1 0 3 .4 107. 2 110. 8 A ll in d u stries M il waukee 1952 _______________ 1953 1954 1955 1956 1957 1958 1959 I960 1961 1962 1963 1964 1965 ----------------- ---------------------------------------------- ------------...... ............................................. -------------------------------------------------------------------------- -------.................................................... .......................... ........... --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------_________________ _________ --------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1952 1953 1954 1955 1956 1957 1958 1959 I960 1961 1962 1963 1964 1965 ------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------ --------------------------------____________________________ -------------------------------------------------------------------------- --------------------------------------- --------------------------------------------------------..................................... ............ --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------.......................................... .......... ____________________________ --------------------------------------- - Minne apolis— St. Paul Newark and Jersey City New York City 68. 3 72. 7 76. 0 _ 80.0 90.9 93.5 97. 0 100. 0 102. 3 105. 8 108. 7 67. 72. 77. 79. 82. 88. 90. 93. 96. 100. 103. 106. 108. 9 5 1 7 8 0 7 7 7 0 3 3 9 67. 0 71. 7 75. 8 78. 8 81.8 89. 7 92.7 97. 3 100.0 104. 2 107. 4 109. 3 68. 6 72. 4 75. 5 78. 1 82. 7 87. 0 90. 1 92. 8 96. 5 100. 0 103. 6 106. 6 110.4 65. 8 70. 3 74. 2 _ 79. 2 _ 89. 5 92. 8 96. 1 100. 0 102.5 106.0 109. 1 67. 9 74. 1 78. 4 81.2 83. 9 88. 4 91.0 93. 8 97. 0 100. 0 104. 2 106. 8 108. 7 67. 2 71.4 75. 7 78. 4 81.4 _ 90. 2 94. 3 97. 2 100. 0 103. 5 106. 6 109. 1 67. 1 70. 9 74. 5 78. 1 82. 2 87. 0 89. 6 92. 7 96. 6 100. 0 102. 8 106. 0 109.9 Pater son— C liftonPass aic _ - 97. 6 100. 0 103.9 106. 7 110. 0 Phila delphia 66. 7 69. 7 74. 7 77. 3 79. 9 85. 1 89.9 93. 5 96. 6 100. 0 103. 1 106. 0 109. 1 St. Louis San Fran cis c o Oakland _ 95. 8 100. 0 102.9 104. 4 105. 5 67.9 72. 2 76. 3 79. 5 82. 8 89. 5 93. 0 97. 1 100. 0 103. 0 105. 7 109. 0 68. 7 72. 3 75. 5 77. 8 81.5 85. 5 89. 2 93.4 96. 0 100.0 103. 0 106. 3 109. 6 97. 5 100. 0 103.9 107. 5 111.2 94. 7 100. 0 103. 1 104.9 105. 6 65. 0 69.9 75. 1 77. 0 80. 5 88. 6 92. 3 96. 7 100. 0 103. 5 105. 6 109. 3 67. 7 72. 4 75. 7 77.5 81.7 85.5 89.0 93. 6 96.0 100.0 102. 6 105. 1 108. 8 . 96.3 100. 0 103. 3 106. 9 111.1 P itts burgh - Seattle Washing ton . _ - - - 96.2 100.0 103. 3 106. 7 110. 3 Manufacturing _ _ . _ 98.0 100. 0 105. 6 108. 6 111.5 1 Y e a r ending June 30. NOTE: Dashes indicate no data or data that do not m eet publication criteria. 66. 70. 74. 78. 80. 84. 89. 93. 96. 100. 103. 105. 108. 7 2 9 4 5 6 8 6 5 0 2 4 6 - 12 Table 6. W eekly Earnings: Industrial Nurses (Indexes of average straight-tim e weekly earnings of men and women industrial nurses, all industries and manufacturing, selected m etropolitan areas, 1952—64) _______________________________________ (1961 = 100)_________________________________________ All industries Y ea r1 Atlanta 1952 1953 1954 1955 1956 1957 1958 1959 I960 1961 1962 1963 1964 1965 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------..... ........................... ................... ............ -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------— --------------------..... ........................ ----------------------------------------------------- 65. 3 69. 0 72. 6 75. 8 82. 6 85. 8 90. 5 94. 7 99.0 100 . 0 104. 7 107.9 113. 2 Balti m ore 66. 3 - 77. 7 - 88. 1 92. 2 96.9 100.0 106. 7 110. 9 112.4 Boston Buffalo 67. 7 70. 5 75. 0 76. 2 _ 82. 9 86.9 92. 0 96. 0 64. 3 69. 3 _ 74. 8 _ 81.2 100 . 0 - 91. 1 94. 6 100 . 0 104. 5 108. 5 111.4 102. 0 104. 0 105. 9 68. 1 71. 0 76. 1 76. 7 . 83. 5 86. 9 92. 6 96. 0 100. 0 104. 0 108. 5 110. 8 64. 4 68. 8 . 74. 1 80. 9 Chicago 65. 69. 73. 76. 81. 85. 90. 93. 97. 8 4 5 5 1 2 8 9 0 100 . 0 103. 0 105. 6 110. 2 Cincin nati . _ _ . _ _ - 95. 0 100. 0 101.0 104. 5 106. 5 C leve land Dallas 61. 5 66.5 _ 74. 5 . 83. 0 91.9 97. 0 74. 2 73. 6 79. 2 81.4 87. 1 91.0 94. 4 96. 6 100 . 0 103. 0 106. 1 109. 6 100. 0 103. 4 107. 8 110. 0 Detroit _ _ _ . _ _ _ 95. 8 100 . 0 103. 3 106. 1 109.4 Houston _ _ . _ _ _ 95. 3 100 . 0 101.9 103. 7 106. 1 Kansas City 67. 0 _ _ _ 84. 8 . _ 95. 8 100.0 102. 1 106. 3 111.5 Los A n gelesLong Beach 67. 7 71.6 75. 5 77. 4 80. 8 85. 6 89.9 93. 3 97. 1 100 . 0 103. 8 108. 6 112. 4 Manufacturing 1952 ----------------------------1953 ----------------------------1954 ------- ------------------1955 ----------------------------1956 ----------------------------1957 ----------------------------1958 ----------------------------1959 ----------------------------I960 .................................1961 ----------------------------1962 ----------------------------1963 ----------------------------1964 ----------------------------1 , 6 5 ----------------------------- 63. 0 67. 5 . 73. 5 80. 0 84. 0 89. 0 93. 5 98. 5 100. 0 1 06 .0 1 09 .0 1 12 .5 65. 0 . 76. 0 - 8 6 .9 9 1 .5 9 5 .0 1 00 .0 106. 0 109. 5 1 11 .5 - 90. 7 94. 1 100. 0 1 0 1 .5 103. 4 105. 4 66. 69. 73. 76. 80. 84. 90. 93. 97. 100. 103. 105. 109. 1 1 1 2 7 8 4 4 0 0 6 6 6 _ _ _ _ - 9 4 .9 100. 0 101 .0 104. 1 106. 6 61. 3 66. 8 . 74. 9 _ 82. 9 92. 4 - 97. 100. 103. 106. 109. 0 0 0 0 6 77. 2 74. 9 82. 3 8 3 .4 89. 7 94. 3 97. 2 98. 9 100. 0 104. 6 108. 6 . _ . . _ . _ . _ - - 94. 100. 102. 105. 108. - 9 0 3 5 3 93. 8 100. 0 1 0 0 .9 104. 0 107. 1 67. 4 . _ . 82. 4 - 9 5 .9 100. 0 1 0 1 .6 105. 2 1 1 0 .4 66. 70. 75. 77. 80. 84. 89. 93. 97. 100. 103. 108. 112. 7 5 3 2 5 8 5 3 1 0 3 1 4 A ll in d u str ie s M i l w aukee 1952 1953 1954 1955 1956 1957 1958 1959 I960 1961 1962 1963 1964 1965 -------------------------------....................................... -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------__________ -........................................................................ -----------------------------------------------------------...................................... ....................................... ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1952 1953 1954 1955 1956 1957 1958 1959 I960 1961 1962 1963 1964 1965 -------------------------------.......................... ............ — ------- --------------------.................................... --------------------------------— ----------------------- -----------------------------------............... ....................... ------------------------------- — ---------------- ------------....... ............................... ------------------------------....................................... ------------------------------- 64. 2 6 7 .9 7 1 .6 _ 78. 1 _ 89. 3 9 3 .0 95. 2 100. 0 104. 3 108. 0 1 1 1 .7 N ew ark and J ersey C ity New Y ork C ity 64. 8 68. 6 75. 1 78. 4 81. 1 85. 4 88. 6 9 1 .9 95. 1 100. 0 102. 7 106. 5 108. 6 67. 3 70. 5 74. 2 77. 4 78. 4 _ 88. 9 93. 2 96. 3 100. 0 104. 2 110. 5 113. 6 67. 3 70. 3 73. 3 77. 3 8 1 .2 85. 1 89. 2 92. 1 9 5 .5 100. 0 104. 5 107. 9 110. 9 65. 69. 75. 79. 81. 85. 89. 92. 95. 100. 101. 104. 107. 67. 5 70. 1 73. 8 77. 0 78. 0 88. 5 92. 7 95. 8 100. 0 103. 6 110. 9 113. 0 61. 6 65. 4 70. 6 75. 8 79. 6 83. 4 87. 7 9 1 .9 9 5 .3 100. 0 103. 8 108. 5 1 1 1 .4 M in n e a p o lis— St. P aul P ater son— C lifto n P a s s a ic - . - 9 4 .9 100. 0 105. 1 1 1 1 .2 112. 7 P h ila delphia P itts burgh 65. 2 68. 5 73. 3 75. 5 78. 8 83. 7 89. 1 9 2 .4 97. 3 100. 0 103. 2 106. 5 109. 7 _ 97. 5 100. 0 103. 4 105. 9 106. 9 St. L ou is San F ra n cis c o Oakland 62. 3 6 6 .5 70. 7 7 2 .9 77. 7 85. 6 90. 4 94. 7 100. 0 104. 3 106. 9 110. 1 62. 3 66. 5 70. 2 7 2 .9 Seattle W ashing ton 6 1 .7 6 6 .0 68. 8 73. 2 75. 1 7 9 .9 85. 1 8 9 .9 9 2 .3 100. 0 102. 4 106. 2 109. 1 _ _ . 1 01 .5 100. 0 103. 6 107. 2 1 1 1 .9 _ _ _ _ 95. 6 100. 0 103. 3 106. 1 _ 60. 7 6 5 .4 68. 7 73. 0 74. 9 80. 1 85. 3 90. 1 9 2 .4 1 00.0 1 02.4 106. 6 110. 0 _ _ . 1 0 1 .0 100 .0 103. 5 107. 6 112. 1 M anufacturing 6 3 .4 67. 6 7 1 .3 _ 77. 7 _ 88. 9 92. 6 9 5 .2 1 0 0 .0 104. 3 108. 0 1 1 1 .7 4 2 7 5 1 4 2 5 2 0 6 8 0 _ _ - 9 4 .9 100. 0 105. 1 1 1 1 .6 115. 7 1 Year ending June 30. NOTE: Dashes indicate no data or data that do not meet publication criteria . 6 5 .4 68. 7 74. 1 76. 2 80. 0 84. 9 89. 8 92. 0 97. 3 100. 0 103. 2 106. 5 109. 1 _ _ 98. 100. 103. 106. 106. 77. 7 0 0 9 4 9 85. 6 90. 4 94. 7 100. 0 104. 3 106. 9 110. 6 _ _ . . . _ _ 13 Table 7. Hourly and W eekly Earnings:1 Selected Occupational Groups, All Metropolitan Areas (In d exes o f h ou rly and w eek ly ea rn in gs o f s e le c t e d occ u p a tio n a l g ro u p s, a ll in d u str ie s and m a n u fa ctu rin g , a ll m e tro p o lita n a r e a s , 1 2 United States and r e g i o n s , 3 F e b r u a r y o f 1960—64) (F e b r u a r y 1961 = 100) A ll in d u stries W eekly ea rn in gs in dexes P e r io d and area O ffice c l e r i c a l (m en and w om en) In du stria l n u rses (m en and wom en) M anufacturing H ou rly ea rn in gs in dexes Skilled m ain ten a n ce tra d es (m en) W eekly ea rn in gs in dexes U n skilled plant w o rk e r s (m en) O ffice c l e r i c a l (m en and w om en) H ou rly ea rn in gs in dex es In du stria l n u rse s (m en and w om en) S killed m ain ten a n ce tra d es (m en) U n skilled plant w o rk e r s (m en) F e b r u a r y I960 United S t a t e s --------------N o r t h e a s t --------------S o u t h ----------------------N orth C e n t r a l-------W e s t ------------------------ 96. 8 9 6 .5 9 6 .9 97. 3 9 6 .4 96. 96. 96. 96. 96. 4 5 4 3 7 103. 3 1 0 3 .4 1 0 3 .4 103. 1 103. 3 103. 104. 103. 103. 103. 6 0 3 3 6 103. 103. 103. 102. 103. 1 2 4 9 3 103. 103. 104. 102. 103. 2 1 5 8 2 103. 103. 103. 103. 103. 106. 106. 106. 105. 106. 107. 107. 106. 106. 108. 0 7 6 3 1 105. 105. 106. 105. 106. 9 9 2 7 1 106. 106. 106. 106. 107. 6 8 9 1 5 110. 1 110. 3 109. 1 109. 7 1 11 .7 108. 108. 108. 108. 110. 8 5 6 7 0 110. 0 110. 1 110. 6 109. 3 1 11.0 96. 5 96. 4 96. 6 9 5 .5 96. 6 9 6 .5 96. 6 97. 4 96. 1 96. 5 96. 96. 96. 96. 96. 96. 96. 97. 96. 96. 5 4 1 2 7 4 7 3 1 8 96. 96. 96. 96. 96. 5 5 8 5 3 103. 4 103. 8 103. 2 1 0 3 .2 103. 3 102. 103. 103. 102. 102. 9 1 1 8 8 103. 2 1 03 .2 104. 2 103. 0 102. 6 106. 0 106. 1 106. 2 105. 7 1 06 .6 106. 107. 106. 106. 108. 8 5 2 1 0 105. 105. 105. 105. 105. 5 5 6 4 6 106. 106. 106. 106. 106. 0 0 4 0 0 109. 109. 108. 108. 110. 109. 110. 108. 109. 112. 8 0 8 2 1 108. 2 107. 9 107. 9 108. 2 1 09 .6 109. 109. 109. 108. 109. 1 1 8 8 9 96. 7 96. 4 96. 6 9 6 .9 96. 7 F e b r u a r y 1962 United S t a t e s --------------N orth ea st --------------South ----------------------N orth C e n t r a l-------W e s t ------------------------ 2 3 2 1 2 F e b r u a r y 1963 United S t a t e s --------------N orth ea st --------------S o u t h ----------------------N orth C e n t r a l-------W e s t ------------------------ 2 3 7 7 8 F e b r u a r y 1964 United S t a t e s --------------N orth ea st --------------South ----------------------N orth C e n t r a l-------W e s t ------------------------ 109. 2 1 09 .4 109. 8 108. 3 110. 0 0 0 3 5 5 F e b r u a r y 1965 1 E arn in g s o f o ff ic e c l e r i c a l w o r k e r s and in d u stria l n u rse s re la te to r e g u la r st r a ig h t -t im e s a la r ie s that a re paid f o r standard w o rk w e e k s. E a rn in g s o f s k ille d m a in ten a n ce and u n sk illed plant w o r k e r s re la te to h ou rly ea rn in gs ex clu d in g p r e m iu m pay fo r o v e rtim e and w ork on w eek en d s, h o lid a y s , and late sh ifts. 2 D ata fo r the F e b r u a r y 1964 in d ex es r e la te to a ll 212 Standard M etrop olita n S ta tistica l A r e a s in the U nited States as e sta b lis h e d by the B ureau o f the B udget through 1961. Data fo r e a r lie r in d ex es re la te to 188 a re a s as e sta b lis h ed through 1959. 3 The r e g io n s a re defin ed as fo llo w s : N orth ea st— C on n ecticu t, M ain e, M a ss a ch u setts, New H a m p sh ire, New J e r s e y , New Y ork , P en n sy lv a n ia , Rhode Island , and V erm on t; South— A lab a m a , A rk a n sa s , D ela w a re, D is tr ic t of C olu m bia, F lo r id a , G e o r g ia , K entuck y, L ou isia n a, M a ry lan d , M is s is s ip p i, N orth C a rolin a , O klahom a, South C a rolin a , T e n n e s s e e , T e x a s, V irg in ia , and W est V irg in ia ; North C en tra l— Illin o is, Indiana, Iow a, K an sas, M ich ig an , M in n esota , M is s o u r i, N eb ra sk a , N orth Dakota, O hio, South D akota, and W iscon s in ; and W est— A r iz o n a , C a lifo r n ia , C o lo ra d o , Idaho, M ontana, N evada, New M e x ico , O reg on , Utah, W ashington, and W yom ing. Chart 3. Percentage Increase in Hourly or W e e k ly Earnings in Specified Plant and O ffice Occupations, 1952-64 (A ll Industries, Selected Metropolitan Areas) PERCENT Source: PERCENT Based on Tables 3-6. 15 Governm ent Em ployees The three groups of governm ent em ployees fo r which indexes of salary changes are presented account, together, fo r approxim ately 1% m illion w ork ers, or roughly 17 percen t of all nonm ilitary governm ent em ployees in the United States in July 1963, Included are 1. 1 m illion em ployees whose sa la ries are set by the F ederal C lassification Act; about 318, 000 public sch ool te a ch e rs,7 and 193,000 p olicem en and firem en , both in cities of 100, 000 inhabitants or m ore. The indexes fo r the three groups of w ork ers d iffer by sou rce from each other and from other indexes in this report. The b a sic inform ation on pay of F ederal Governm ent em ployees is com piled by the United States Civil S ervice C om m ission; that on urban public sch ool teach ers, is collected by the National Education A ssocia tion ; that on p olicem en and firem en is obtained from the F r a ternal O rder of P olicem en and the International A ssociation of F irefigh ters, resp ectiv ely . 8 F ed era l C lassified E m ployees, The F ed era l em ployees covered by the indexes presented here are the p er annum w orkers whose sa la ries are subject to the F ed era l cla ssifica tion a cts0 These w orkers are engaged m ainly in c le r ic a l, adm inistrative, and p rofession a l functions, but subprofessionals who w ork directly with em ployees in p rofession a l and protective job s are also included. Excluded are (1) m em bers of the A rm ed F o rce s ; (2) cle rica l-m e ch a n ica l hourly em ployees o f the Bureau of Engraving and Printing and other b lu e -co lla r w orkers whose wages are fixed by wage board action; (3) postal em ployees; and (4) per diem em ployees who w ere covered by the C lassification A ct of 1923 but are not sub je c t to the current act. A w ork er under the F ederal C lassification Act is cla ssifie d into one of a s e rie s of salary grades in a ccordan ce with his duties. Each salary grade has a m inim um rate and a se rie s of additional pay steps into which w ork ers, who m eet certain standards of perform a n ce, may m ove after sp ecified periods of tim e. Three types of indexes are presented fo r F ederal C lassified em ployees: B asic salary sca le s, which re fle ct statutory changes in b a sic sa la ries; average salary rates, which re fle ct m erit o r in -grade in crea ses as w ell as statutory changes; and average sa la rie s, which m easure the effect, not only of statutory changes and in -grad e in cre a se s, but a lso changes in the distribution of em ployees among pay grades. P r io r to 1955, there w ere two schedules under the C lassification Act— a gen eral schedule and a cra fts, p rotective, and custodial schedule. Separate indexes w ere com piled fo r each. In July 1955, the wage schedule fo r the latter group was abolished, and tw o-thirds of the em ployees under it w ere tra n sferred 7 The proportion o f these teachers in the various city size groups studied was as follows: 51 percent in the cities with 500,000 population or more; 23 percent in cities with 250,000 to 50Q, 000; and 26 percent in cities with 100,000 to 250,000. 8 The pertinent references for firemen and policem en include: The International Association o f Firefighters (AFL- CIO): Fire Department Salaries and Working Conditions in the United States and Canada, Washington, D. C ., annual; the Fraternal Order o f Police, A Survey o f Salaries and Working Conditions o f the Police Departments in the United States. Philadelphia, annualj also see data published annually by the International City Managers Association, in the Municipal Yearbook. 1 6 Table 8. Annual Salaries o f Government Employees (in d ex es o f annual s a la r ie s o f city p u b lic s c h o o l t e a c h e r s , m a xim u m sa la r y s c a le s o f urban fir e fig h t e r s and p o lic e p a trolm en , and s a la r ie s o f F e d e r a l c la s s ifie d e m p lo y e e s , 1924—64) (1 9 5 7 -5 9 = 100)______________________________________________________ Y ea r1 1924 1925 1927 1929 1931 1932 1933 1934 1935 1937 1938 1939 1940 1941 1942 1943 1944 1945 1946 1947 1948 1949 1950 1951 1952 1953 1954 1955 1956 1957 1958 1959 1960 1961 1962 1963 1964 1965 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------.................................... -------------------------------------------- -------------------------- --------------------------------------------------------------------.................................... ----------------------------.................................... .................................... --------------------------------------------------------- C ity p u b lic s c h o o l te a ch e rs T e a c h e rs in fig h ters c it ie s o f— and A ll 1 00 ,00 0 tea ch 5 0 0 ,0 0 0 p o lic e and le s s e rs 1 2 or p a t r o l than m ore m en 3 2 5 0 ,0 0 0 37 38 40 41 - 38 37 39 _ 41 42 44 48 . 55 . 67 _ 71 _ 81 87 - 96 _ 104 _ 113 . 121 - 40 40 42 45 43 - 41 43 46 47 _ 48 50 58 . 68 . 72 _ 82 87 _ 98 . 103 . 113 33 35 37 37 _ 34 _ 33 35 . 37 _ 38 _ 40 45 _ 51 _ 65 70 _ 79 _ 86 95 106 114 _ - 119 . 122 - 38 . 42 F e d e r a l c la s s ifie d e m p loy ees B a sic A v e ra g e A v e r sa la ry age s a la ry s c a l e s 45 ra te4 s a la r y 4 _ - - - 43 - - 42 45 45 45 45 46 47 49 52 53 57 61 66 68 72 77 82 85 87 91 96 101 104 108 113 118 123 128 M inim um and a v era g e sa la r y ra tes in se le c te d g e n e ra l sch ed u le g ra des A ll e m p loy ees - _ . . _ . _ . - . 52. 3 5 2 .4 69. 0 69. 0 76. 2 76. 2 79. 3 87. 1 87. 1 87. 1 87. 1 93. 7 93. 7 93. 7 103. 2 103. 2 111. 1 111.1 111.1 117. 3 5127. 2 _ _ 49. 5 _ _ _ 49. 5 64. 8 66. 0 73. 9 74. 2 78. 1 84. 8 84. 9 85. 7 86. 4 93. 2 93. 1 93. 2 103. 5 103. 2 111. 1 111.1 1 1 1 .0 117. 8 *127. 7 G rade 2 M in i m um A v er age G ra de 4 M in i m um A ver age G ra de 7 M in i m um A ver age G ra de 15 M in i m um A v er age _ . _ _ . _ . _ _ _ _ _ . _ _ . _ _ _ _ _ _ . _ _ _ . _ . . _ _ . . _ _ _ . _ . . _ . _ . . _ . _ . . . . . _ . . . . . _ _ _ _ _ _ . _ _ . . . _ 51. 1 64. 6 65. 0 40. 4 45. 6 44. 0 4 9 .4 46. 7 5 3 .9 . . _ . . _ _ _ . _ _ _ _ . _ . _ . . . . _ . . . _ _ _ 45. 6 4 9 .4 64. 6 5 3 .9 6 5 .7 5 9 .5 70. 4 66. 6 76. 7 5 5 .0 80. 6 6 1 .9 6 1 .9 65. 7 60 6 63. 2 70. 4 68. 3 76. 7 58. 2 80. 6 6 1 .9 74. 8 75. 8 64. 8 72. 3 71. 1 72. 0 77. 2 83. 2 79. 3 65. 7 72. 3 7 1 .4 74. 8 72. 4 77. 2 76. 0 83. 2 79. 3 8 1 .2 77. 6 70. 6 78. 9 77. 6 78. 5 84. 8 79. 2 7 7 .9 75. 8 87. 1 84. 5 87. 2 87. 1 87. 2 86. 3 8 5 .0 84. 9 85. 8 77. 4 87. 1 85. 2 87. 2 85. 0 87. 1 8 5 .0 87. 2 7 9 .4 87. 1 86. 3 87. 2 85. 8 87. 1 85. 7 87. 2 85. 9 87. 2 86. 0 87. 1 86. 6 87. 1 8 6 .4 81. 0 87. 2 87. 2 92. 4 94. 1 93. 8 93. 7 93. 8 88. 2 93. 8 93. 5 93. 7 93. 7 92. 5 93. 8 93. 2 93. 8 93. 4 93. 8 93. 8 89. 2 93. 7 93. 8 93. 2 93. 8 93. 8 93. 8 93. 4 9 2 .9 91. 1 103. 5 103. 1 103. 3 103. 1 103. 2 103. 1 103. 3 103. 1 103. 8 105. 4 103. 1 103. 5 103. 1 103. 4 103. 1 102. 9 103. 1 103. 4 115. 4 110. 9 111. 1 110. 9 1 1 1 .4 110. 9 1 1 1 .3 110. 9 110. 9 116. 8 1 1 0 .9 110. 8 110. 9 1 1 1 .4 1 10 .9 1 1 1 .2 110. 9 110. 6 118. 1 110 .9 109. 6 110. 9 111.1 110. 9 111.1 no. 9 no. 2 128. 1 112. 8 113. 6 1 12.9 1 1 6 .9 114. 7 116. 2 117. 6 120. 4 51 42 .7 51 16. 6 5117. 9 512 3 .0 5127. 1 5125. 3 5125. 1 513 2. 9 5136. 3 1 F o r t e a c h e r s , p e r io d c o v e r e d is s c h o o l y e a r ending 1925, 1926, e t c . ; fo r fir e fig h t e r s and p a tro lm e n , the p e r io d c o v e r e d by the data fo r 1924—38 v a r ie s fr o m y e a r to y e a r ; subsequent y e a r s fo r fir e fig h t e r s r e f e r to January; fo r p o lic e p a tro lm e n to e ith er January, o r to D e ce m b e r o f the y e a r p r e ce d in g that fo r w h ich the data a re show n. The p e r io d fo r F e d e r a l c l a s s i fie d e m p lo y e e s is a p p r o x im a te ly m id y e a r . 2 C ities o f 100, 000 pop u la tion and o v e r in 1963; 50, 000 and o v e r b e fo r e 1963. 3 C itie s of 100, 000 pop ula tion and o v e r . 4 B a sic s a la ry s c a le s r e fle c t only sta tu tory ch a n g es in s a la r ie s ; a v e r a g e s a la ry ra te s m e a su re the e ffe c t of statutory ch a n ges and m e rit o r in -g r a d e sa la r y in c r e a s e s ; a v era g e s a la r ie s m e a su re the e ffe c t of sta tu tory ch a n g es, in -g r a d e in c r e a s e s , and ch a n ges in the p r o p o r tio n o f e m p lo y ees in the v a r io u s g r a d e s . 5 1964 in d ex es com p u ted using July 1963 em p loy m en t data. N O TE: D ashes in d ica te no data o r data that do not m e e t p u blica tion c r it e r ia . Chart 4. INDEX 1 5 01- Trends of Annual Salaries, Federal Classification Act Employees, 1939-64 (1957-59=100) INDEX -r 150 140 130 120 I 10 100 90 Basic Salary Scales : Average Salaries 80 70 Average Salary Rates B a s i c s a l a r y s c a l e s r e f l e c t o n ly s t a t u t o r y c h a n g e s in s a l a r i e s . A v e r a g e s a l a r y r a t e s s h o w , in a d d it io n , the e f f e c t o f m e r i t o r in - g r a d e s a la r y in c r e a s e s . A v e r a g e s a l a r i e s m e a s u r e the e f f e c t n o t o n l y o f s t a t u t o r y c h a n g e s in b a s i c p a y s c a l e s an d i n - g r a d e s a l a r y i n c r e a s e s , b u t a ls o the e f f e c t o f c h a n g e s in the p r o p o r t i o n o f w o r k e r s e m p l o y e d in the v a r io u s p a y g r a d e s . Data not available 1939 1940 1941 1942 1943 1944 1945 1946 1947 1948 1949 1950 1951 1952 1953 1954 1955 1956 1957 1958 1959 I960 1961 1962 1963 1964 1/ Source: Estim ate based on distribution of employees by grade and step in July 1963. Table 8. 60 50 40 18 to w age-board ju risd iction s; their pay since that tim e has been determ ined by v a r i ous w ag e-boa rd s. Adjustment of the general schedule indexes fo r 1955 to include the rem aining 35, 000 fo r m e r CPC (Craft, P rotectiv e and Custodial) w ork ers a f fected the general schedule indexes only slightly. Until 1963, the effect of changes in occupational o r grade structure on the average salary rate indexes was m inim ized by a linking p roced u re. A verages fo r each grade w ere computed fo r each p eriod by weighting each pay step within the grade by the number of people em ployed at that step in the grade. * Next, an average fo r all grades com bined was computed fo r each yea r; the individual grade averages fo r each pair of su cce ssiv e yea rs w ere m ultiplied by the number of people in the grade in the later y ea r. Finally, the percentage relationship between the overa ll averages fo r each pair of yea rs was computed and linked to the index fo r the preceding p eriod . This p roced u re shows the effect of in -grad e ra ises and any changes in b a sic pay structure that m ay have o ccu rre d , but m in i m izes the e ffect of shifts among grades. In computing the average salary indexes, which re fle c t the effect of em ploym ent shifts among grades, each salary rate (including all in -grad e steps) was m ultiplied by the number of people at that rate in each p eriod to produce an o v e r all average fo r the period . This average was then divided by the ov era ll average fo r the base p eriod to a rriv e at an index. F ed era l C la ssifica tion Act em ployees stationed in Alaska and Hawaii w ere included fo r the fir s t tim e in the I960 indexes. Since the distribution of em ploym ent at the various grades was changed little by the addition of a total of 15, 676 w ork ers in Alaska and Hawaii, the I960 index of average salary rates was in creased only 0. 1 percen t by their inclusion. Shifts in the distribution of em ploym ent by grade since 1939 n ecessitated som e m odification of p roced u res used in com piling the index of b a sic salary sca le s . The indexes fo r July 1963 and July 1964 w ere based on m inim um rates in each grade, weighted by the number of em ployees in the grade in the later of the two p eriod s co m p a re d .9 10 The original method of computation w ill be used in future index construction. Beginning with the 1963 index, m o re o v e r, it was d e cided to use constant em ploym ent weights by grade and step fo r the indexes. The weights w ill represen t the distribution of em ploym ent as of July 1963. Urban P ublic School T ea ch ers. The b a sic unit used in constructing the indexes fo r sch ool tea ch ers, shown in table 8, is the average annual salary fo r a s p e cific teacher in an urban sch ool system . High sch ool, junior high, elem en tary, kindergarten and, p rio r to 1959, teachers of atypical elem entary sch ool cla ss are represented in the indexes. N on cla ssroom o ffic ia ls , such as p r in c i pals, adm in istrators, and su p ervisors are excluded. The indexes are representative of all cities of 50, 000 population p r io r to 1963 and of all cities of 100,000 beginning in that yea r; but the indexes are not based on data fo r all these cities. Statistics w ere not available fo r som e cities in the 100, 000-250, 000 group. In addition, the num ber of com m unities of 50, 000 250,000 made it n ecessa ry to use inform ation fo r only som e of these cities in 9 Longevity steps are treated in the same manner as regular pay steps in the computation o f average salary rate indexes. 10 Additional information is provided in Salary Trends; Federal Classified Employees. 1939-60 (BLS Report 200, 1961), and Supplement to BLS Report 200, Salary Trends: Federal Classified Employees, July 1960-July 1961. 19 o r d e r to r e d u c e the w o r k lo a d . W hen data f o r a g iv e n c i t y - s i z e g r o u p w e r e c o m b in e d w ith o th e r s iz e g r o u p s , th ey w e r e w e ig h te d to r e p r e s e n t the m is s in g c i t i e s ; th u s, e a c h p o p u la tio n g r o u p h ad its a p p r o p r ia t e in flu e n c e on the t o t a ls . B e c a u s e o f ch a n g e s in p o p u la tio n , the c i t i e s c l a s s i f i e d in e a ch s iz e g ro u p ch a n g e f r o m d e c a d e to d e c a d e . It w a s d e c id e d to e lim in a te r e p r e s e n t a t io n o f c it ie s in the 50, 000 —100, 000 g r o u p b e c a u s e the I9 60 C e n su s o f P o p u la tio n s u b s ta n tia lly ch a n g ed the c i t i e s c l a s s i f i e d in th is s iz e g r o u p . T h e m e th o d o f in d e x c o n s t r u c t io n w a s d e s ig n e d to m in im iz e the e f f e c t on the in d e x e s o f ch a n g e s in p o p u la tio n and in the n u m b e r o f d iffe r e n t ty p e s o f t e a c h e r s f r o m on e p e r i o d to a n o t h e r .11 It c o n s is t s o f co m p u tin g a v e r a g e s a l a r ie s f o r a g r o u p o f c i t i e s , f o r e a ch p a ir o f s u c c e s s i v e y e a r s , b y f i r s t m u ltip ly in g the in d iv id u a l c it y a v e r a g e in the f i r s t y e a r b y the n u m b e r o f t e a c h e r s in the c it y in the s e c o n d o f the 2 y e a r s , add in g the r e s u ltin g p r o d u c t s f o r e a ch c it y , and d iv id ing the su m b y the to ta l n u m b e r o f t e a c h e r s in the s e c o n d y e a r . T h is p r o c e d u r e is fo llo w e d f o r the s a m e c it ie s in the s e c o n d y e a r , u s in g a v e r a g e s a l a r ie s and e m p lo y m e n t in the la tte r y e a r . R a tio s o f the s e c o n d y e a r c o m p o s it e a v e r a g e s a l a r ie s to the f i r s t y e a r a r e th en co m p u te d and c o n v e r t e d to in d e x n u m b e r s b y m u lt ip lic a t io n w ith the in d e x n u m b e r o f the p r e c e d in g y e a r . P o l ic e m e n and F i r e m e n . M u n ic ip a l e m p lo y e e s p e r f o r m in g fu n c tio n s o th e r than e d u c a tio n a l, co n s titu te a s u b s ta n tia l p r o p o r t io n o f a ll f u l l - t i m e g o v e r n m e n t e m p lo y e e s . In c i t i e s w ith a p o p u la tio n o f 1 0 0 ,0 0 0 o r m o r e , the w o r k e r s en g a g e d in p o l i c e and fir e fig h t in g fu n c tio n s c o m p r is e abou t 22 p e r c e n t o f to ta l m u n ic ip a l e m p lo y m e n t. T h e in d e x e s f o r th e s e e m p lo y e e s , p r e s e n t e d in ta b le 8, a r e b a s e d on m a x im u m annual s a la r y s c a le s (e x c lu d in g lo n g e v ity i n c r e a s e s ) in c it ie s o f 100, 000 o r m o r e , f o r the p o s t - 1938 p e r i o d , and on the a v e r a g e o f s a l a r ie s a c tu a lly p a id p r i o r to that p e r i o d . T h e f o r m in w h ich the data a r e a v a ila b le d ic ta te d th e typ e o f m e a s u r e u t iliz e d . H o w e v e r , th e s e tw o m e a s u r e s (a v e r a g e and m a x im u m s c a l e s ) a r e p r o b a b ly c l o s e l y r e la t e d b e c a u s e o f the r e la t iv e ly b r i e f tim e r e q u ir e d to q u a l ify f o r the m a x im u m r a te in m a n y m e t r o p o lit a n c o m m u n it ie s . It is p o s s i b l e that in s o m e p e r i o d s , n o ta b ly d u rin g W o r ld W a r II, ch a n g e s in a v e r a g e s o f r a te s m a y h a v e d if fe r e d s ig n ific a n t ly f r o m ch a n g e s in m a x im u m s a la r y s c a le s b e c a u s e o f ch a n g es in b oth the r a te o f tu r n o v e r and the ra te o f a d v a n c e m e n t to the m a x im u m s a la r y r a te . A c o m p a r is o n o f ch a n g e s in m a x im u m r a te s o f p o li c e m e n and fir e m e n w ith ch a n g e s in a v e r a g e r a te s f o r th o s e p e r io d s f o r w h ich b o th ty p e s o f i n f o r m a tio n w e r e a v a ila b le in d ic a te s that m o v e m e n t s o f the tw o ty p e s o f m e a s u r e s g e n e r a lly w e r e c l o s e l y p a r a l le l . A n y e f f e c t on the in d e x e s o f the s h ift f r o m u s e o f a v e r a g e s a la r y r a te s to data on m a x im u m p a y s c a le s h as b e e n e lim in a te d b y lin k in g th e s e r i e s f o r 1924—38 and the s u b s e q u e n t s e r i e s . T h e p a y p e r i o d c o v e r e d b y the d ata f o r 1924 th ro u g h 1938 v a r ie d f r o m y e a r to y e a r . S u b seq u en t d ata f o r p o lic e m e n r e f e r to th e f i r s t o f the y e a r o r , in s o m e c a s e s , to the la s t o f the y e a r p r e c e d in g that f o r w h ich in fo r m a t io n is sh ow n ; th o s e f o r f ir e m e n r e f e r to J a n u a ry 1 o f e a ch y e a r . 11 This procedure is explained in Salary Trends: 1961), p. 24. City Public School Teachers, 1925—59 (BLS Report 194, to O Chart 5. Trends of Average Annual Salaries of Public School Teachers, 1925-63, and Maximum Salary Scales of Urban Firefighters and Police Patrolmen, 1924-64 1920 1 9 2 5 1930 1935 1940 1945 1950 1955 I960 1965 1920 1925 1930 1935 1940 1945 1950 1955 I 960 I 9 6 r> _!/ Average maximum scale for firefighters and patrolmen in cities of 100,000 and over,* average salaries for teachers in cities of 50,000 and over before 1963, 100,000 and over in 1963, Source: Table 8. 21 T h e in d e x e s o f p o l i c e m e n 's s a l a r ie s a r e b a s e d on m a x im u m s a la r y s c a le s (e x c lu d in g lo n g e v ity r a t e s ) f o r p o li c e m e n e n g a g e d in g e n e r a l p o l i c e d u tie s in the p r e v e n t io n o f c r i m e o r in law e n fo r c e m e n t , p a t r o lm e n a s s ig n e d to s p e c i f i c a r e a s , th o s e e n g a g e d in t r a f f i c c o n t r o l and th o s e m a k in g c r im in a l in v e s t ig a t io n s . C h au f f e u r s , p o lic e w o m e n , and d e t e c t iv e s w e r e e x c lu d e d . T h e s a la r y data p e r ta in in g to f ir e m e n w e r e lim it e d to f i r e f i g h t e r s , and e x c lu d e d d r i v e r s and e n g in e e r s . A ll in fo r m a t io n r e f e r s to annual s a la r y r a t e s , r a th e r than to a ctu a l e a r n in g s w h ich m a y b e in flu e n c e d b y a b s e n c e s , p r o m o t io n s , and o th e r f a c t o r s . No a ttem p t h as b e e n m a d e to a d ju s t the in d e x e s to r e f l e c t the e f f e c t on h o u r ly e a r n in g s o f th e r e d u c t io n in h o u r s that h a s o c c u r r e d s in c e 192.4. T w o m e th o d s o f in d e x c o n s t r u c t io n h a v e b e e n u s e d o v e r the tim e span o f the s e r i e s . T h e p r e s e n t m e th o d in v o lv e s a c o m p u ta tio n o f a v e r a g e m a x im u m s a la r y s c a l e s f o r a ll c i t i e s c o m b in e d in e a c h o f 2 s u c c e s s i v e y e a r s , u sin g the n u m b e r o f p o li c e m e n and f ir e m e n e m p lo y e d in th e la t t e r y e a r to w e ig h t in d iv id u a l c it y a v e r a g e s . O n ly th o s e c i t i e s r e p o r t in g in b oth y e a r s a r e in c lu d e d in the c o m p u ta tion . Th e p e r c e n t a g e ch a n g e b e tw e e n th e s e a v e r a g e s is d e r iv e d and a p p lie d to the p r e c e d in g y e a r 's in d e x f ig u r e to o b ta in the la t e s t f ig u r e . P r i o r to the co m p u ta tio n o f the in d e x f o r 1951, co n s ta n t (1 9 4 9 ) w e ig h ts w e r e u s e d in c o m b in in g c i t i e s in o r d e r to e lim in a te the e f f e c t o f ch a n g e s in r e l a tiv e im p o r t a n c e in t e r m s o f e m p lo y m e n t f r o m y e a r to y e a r . F r o m the 1950—51 in d e x e s to the p r e s e n t , the u s e o f the lin k in g m e th o d h a s m in im iz e d the e f fe c t o f th is e m p lo y m e n t s h ift and h as f a c ilit a t e d in d e x c o n s t r u c t io n d e s p it e ch a n g e s in the c i t i e s in c lu d e d o v e r the p e r i o d o f the s e r i e s . 12 12 For additional explanation and analyses o f the indexes presented here, see Salary Trends: Policemen, 1924-61 (BLS Report 233, 1962). Firemen and 22 G e n e r a l W age C h a n g es Table 9 sum m arizes inform ation on general wage changes negotiated fo r production and related w ork ers by unions with individual em p loyers, groups of em p loyers, o r a ssociation s. It includes inform ation on agreem ents that apply to individual establishm ents with 1, 000 w ork ers o r m ore, as w ell as those co v ering se v e ra l plants or firm s that together em ploy m ore than 1, 000 w ork ers under co lle ctiv e bargaining but that individually m ay be sm a ller. T h e in fo r m a t io n in th is ta b le is b a s e d l a r g e ly on n e w s p a p e r r e p o r t s , and o th e r s e c o n d a r y s o u r c e s , o r u n ion a g r e e m e n t s on f il e w ith the B u r e a u o f L a b o r S t a t is t ic s . G e n e r a l w a g e ch a n g e s a r e d e fin e d as a d ju s tm e n ts — i n c r e a s e s o r d e c r e a s e s — th at a ff e c t 10 p e r c e n t o r m o r e o f th e p r o d u c t io n and r e la t e d w o r k e r s c o v e r e d b y a c o l l e c t i v e b a r g a in in g a g r e e m e n t at any o n e t im e . C o s t -o f-liv in g i n c r e a s e s a r e in c lu d e d , bu t m e r i t and a u to m a tic l e n g t h - o f - s e r v i c e i n c r e a s e s a r e e x c lu d e d . A d ju s tm e n ts in c lu d e s itu a tio n s w h e r e w a g e s w e r e n o t ch a n g e d o r w e r e i n c r e a s e d o r d e c r e a s e d ; i n c r e a s e s in c lu d e o n ly 't h o s e s itu a tio n s w h e r e w a g e r a te s w e re in c r e a s e d . T h e g e n e r a l w a g e ch a n g e s sh ow n r e p r e s e n t the a v e r a g e f o r a ll w o r k e r s c o v e r e d b y a c o l l e c t i v e b a r g a in in g a g r e e m e n t . T o o b ta in th e "c e n ts '* and " p e r c e n t " a d ju s tm e n ts and i n c r e a s e s , g e n e r a l w a g e ch a n g e s w e r e c o n v e r t e d f r o m ce n ts an h o u r in to p e r c e n t a g e s , o r f r o m p e r c e n t a g e s in to c e n t s , b y u s in g e s tim a te d a v e r a g e h o u r ly e a r n in g s e x c lu d in g p r e m iu m p a y f o r o v e r t im e . 23 Table 9. Average (Median) General Wage Changes in Major Collective Bargaining Situations (Wage changes negotiated in each year, 1954—64) A ll industries Year Median adjustment Cents 1954 - 1955 1956 . . . 1957 1958 — 1959 I960 1961 1962 1963 1964 1..... ....................... 1965 .......... 5. 6 10. 1 10. 7 10. 1 8. 6 8.8 8.5 6.9 7.0 7.4 9 .0 P ercent - - 3.9 3. 2 2. 8 2.9 3.0 3. 2 M anufacturing Median increase Cents 5 .7 10. 3 10. 7 10.4 8. 8 8. 8 8. 7 7. 0 8. 0 8. 5 9 .0 Percent _ - 3.9 3. 2 2.9 3. 6 3.4 3. 3 M edian a djustm ent Cents 5. 6 9.4 10. 7 9 .9 7. 1 7. 3 8. 7 6.0 5. 0 6. 8 6.0 P ercen t - _ 3. 5 3. 2 2. 4 2 .4 2. 5 2. 0 S e le c te d nonm a n u fa ctu rin g in d u stries M ed ian in c r e a s e Cents 5. 7 '9 . 5 10. 7 10. 4 7. 2 7 .4 8. 9 6 .5 6 .8 8 .0 6. 0 P ercen t _ - _ 3. 7 3. 2 2. 5 2 .9 3. 0 2. 2 M edian adju stm en t Cents 5. 6 13. 3 10. 5 10. 4 9 .7 8. 8 7 .4 9 .0 10. 2 8. 5 10. 0 P ercen t _ - > 4. 3. 3. 4. 3. 3. 0 3 6 0 4 6 M edian in c r e a s e Cents P ercen t 3. 6 13. 9 10. 6 10. 4 9 .8 8 .9 7. 5 10. 0 10. 2 9 .5 10. 0 - 4. 3. 3. 4. 3. 3. 0 3 6 1 5 6 1 Prelim inary. NOTE: Adjustments include situations where wages w ere not changed or were increased or decreased; increases include only those situ ations where wages were increased. Dashes indicate no data. ☆ U. S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING O FFICE: 1965 O - 763-280 BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS REGIONAL OFFICES HAWAII
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