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Union Wages and Hours:
The Baking Industry
July 1,1952
Bulletin No. 1123
UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF LABOR
M a u r i c e J. T o b i n , Secretary
BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS
E
w a n
Cl
a g u e
,
Commissioner
Union Wages and Hours:
The Baking Industry
July 1, 1952
Bulletin No. 1123
UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF LABOR
M aurice J. T obin, Secretary
BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS
E wan Clague, Commissioner
Letter of T ransm ittal
UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF LABOR,
Bureau of Labor Statistics,
Washington, D. C., December 22, 1952.
The Secretary of Labor:
I have the honor to transmit herewith the annual, report on union wages and hours
in the baking industry in 7A cities as of July 1, 1952.
This report was prepared in the Bureau's Division of Wages and Industrial Rela
tions by John F. Laciskey.
Ewan Clague, Commissioner.
Hon. Maurice J. Tobin,
Secretary of Labor.
(iii)
Contents
Page
Summary................................................................
Scope and
method of study..............................................
Trend of union wage scales....... .......................... *............
Bate variations by industry branch ................................. .......
City and regional rate variations........
Standard workweek................................ .......................
Union scales of wages and hours, by c i t y ............ ......................
1
1
1
2
2
3
3
Tables:
1.
2.
3.
A.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
1A.
15.
Indexes of union hourly wage rates and weekly hours in the baking
industry, 1939-52 .........
Average union wage rates in the baking industry, July 1, 1952, and
increases since July 1, 1951, by type of baking ..................
Percent increases in union wage rates and percent of workers affected,
by type of baking, July 1, 1951 - July 1, 1952 ...................
Cents-per-hour increase in union wage rates and percent of workers
affected, by type of baking, July 1, 1951 - July 1, 1952 ..........
Distribution of union members in the baking industry, by type of
baking and hourly wage rates, July 1, 1952 ...... ................
Average union hourly wage rates and wage increases in bread and cake
hand shops, by city, July 1, 1951 - July 1, 1952 .................
Average union hourly wage rates and wage increases in bread and cake
machine shops, by city, July 1, 1951 - July 1, 1952 ...............
Average union hourly wage rates and wage increases in pie and pastry
shops, by city, July 1, 1951 - July 1, 1952 ......................
Average union hourly wage rates and wage increases in Hebrew bake
shops, by city, July 1, 1951 - July 1, 1952 ......................
A
A
A
5
5
5
6
6
6
Average union hourly wage rates and wage increases in other nationality
bake shops, by city, July 1, 1951 - July 1, 1952 .................
Average union hourly wage rates and wage increases in cracker and
cooky shops, by city, July 1, 1951 - July 1, 1952 .................
Average union wage rates in the baking industry, by population group
and type of baking, July 1, 1952 ................................
Average union wage rates in the baking industry, by region and type
of baking, July 1, 1952 .........................................
Distribution of union members in the baking industry, by straight-time
weekly hours and type of baking, July 1, 1952 ....................
Union scales of wages and hours in the baking industry, in selected
cities, July 1, 1951, and July 1, 1952 ..........................
December 1952
(!▼)
7
7
7
7
7
8
Union Wages and Hours in the Baking Industry,
July I, 1952
Summary
Union wage
scales of bakery workers in
creased 5*3 percent between July 1, 1951 , and
July 1, 1952, according to the Bureau of Labor
Statistics* fourteenth annual survey of union
scales in the baking industry. The over-all in
crease of 8 cents an hour advanced the average
wage scale of unionized bakery workers to $1.51
on July 1, 1952.
The negotiation of new con
tracts effective during the 12-month period re
sulted in wage increases for nine-tenths of all
workers covered in the study.
The straight-time workweek averaged 40.7
hours on July 1, 1952, and showed no change from
the previous July. The 40-hour workweek wa s the
most common straight-time work schedule and was
applicable to five-sixths of the union workers
in the bakery industry.
Scope and Method of Study
The information presented in this report
is based on union scales in effect on July 1,
1952, which covered approximately 77,000 union
bakery workers in 74 cities ranging in popu
lation from about 40,000 to over a million.
Data were obtained primarily by mail question
naire from local unions;
in some cities Bureau
representatives visited local union officials
to secure the desired information.
Union scales are defined as the minimum
wage rates or maximum schedules of hours agreed
upon through collective bargaining between em
ployers and trade-unions.
Bates in excess of
the negotiated minimum which m a y be paid to
workers with special qualifications or other
reasons are not included.
Average hourly scales,
designed to show
current levels, are based on all scales reported
in effect on July 1, 1952; individual scales are
weighted by the number of union members reported
at the scale.
These averages are not designed
for close year-to-year comparisons because of
changes in union membership and in classifica
tions studied.
Average
cents-per-hour and
percentage
changes from July 1, 1951, to July 1, 1952, are
based on comparable
quotations for the various
classifications in both years weighted by the
membership reported in 1952.
Trend of Union Wage Scales
Between July 1, 1951, and
July 1, 1952,
union hourly wage scales of bakery workers rose
5*3 percent.
This rise,
slightly smaller than
the 5*7 gain in the previous 12-month period,
a)
advanced the Bureau's index of union wage scales
in the bakery industry to 123.9 on a 1947-49
base 1 / (table 1).
The amount of increase varied by type of
baking and ranged from 4*0 percent in Hebrew
bakeries to 11.5 percent in shops baking nation
ality goods other than Hebrew.
In other types
of shops, the advances were grouped between 4*3
and 5*8 percent.
The greatest gain in terms of
cents-per-hour was made by workers in nation
ality bakeries other than Hebrew with an average
increase of 20 cents.
Cracker and cooky estab
lishments and pie and pastry shops with average
advances of 5 and 7 cents, respectively, were
the only branches to register gains below the
over-all industry average (table 2).
Wage scale increases resulting from con
tract revisions during the year affected 90 per
cent of the union bakery workers included in
the study.
The proportion of workers receiving
upward scale adjustments varied by type of bak
ing, and ranged from 75 percent in bread and
cake hand shops to 98 percent in bakeries pro
ducing nationality goods other than Hebrew.
Of
the workers benefiting from scale revisions dur
ing the year ending July 1, 1952, slightly more
than two-fifths received increases of less than
5 percent, a similar proportion from 5 to 10
percent, and a tenth from 10 to 15 percent
(table 3).
In each type of baking studied, the
increase amounted to less than 10 percent for
at least 70 percent of the workers.
The only
branch in which the advance was less than 5 per
cent for a majority of the workers w as crackers
and cookies.
Increases of 10 percent or more
were
significant in only two branches of the
industry - bread and cake machine
shops and
nationality other than Hebrew; about a sixth of
the union workers in the former type shops and
a fourth of those in the latter type increased
their scale by 10 percent or more.
Although scale adjustments in excess of 30
cents an hour were reported for some workers,
raises of 5 to 10 cents an hour were typical
(table 4)« More than half the bakery workers
for w h o m new agreements were negotiated received
increases of 5 to 10 cents an hour and a fifth
received from 10 to 15 cents.
For a
seventh,
the advance amounted to less than 5 cents.
In
each branch, a t least 3 of every 5 workers had
their scales adjusted
amounts ranging from 5
to 15 cents an hour during the 12 months ending
July 1, 1952.
by
1/ In the index series, designed for trend
purposes, year-to-year changes in union scales
are based on comparable quotations for the var
ious occupations in two consecutive years,,
weighted by number of union members reported at
each quotation in the current year.
2
Rate Variations by Industry Branch
Union bakery workers had wage scales which
averaged $1*51 an hour on July 1, 1952.
Wage
scales in the industry are generally affeGted
by such factors as product, baking process, ex
tent of mechanization,
and specialized or more
standard baking* The greater proportion of baked
goods is standardized and produced in highly
mechanized plants by mass-production methods*
Such establishments employed 80 percent of the
bakery workers included in the
study* A sub
stantial proportion of these workers perform
routine tasks that require relatively little
training* In specialized baking, found primari
ly in bread and cake hand shops and nationality
bakeries, skilled all-round journeymen comprise
most of the work force*
The level of union scales is higher in
specialized baking than in plants producing
standard products*
Gfa July 1, 1952, average
hourly scales of workers in hand bread and cake
shops and in nationality baking exceeded the
national average of $1*51 for all types of bak
ing by 30 cents or more an hour*
In standard
ized shops, average hourly scales ranged from
$1*26 in cracker and cooky plants to $1*50 in
mechanized bread and cake shops*
For the industry as a whole,
union hourly
scales of individual bakery workers ranged from
less than 90 cents to more than $2*50* The mid
dle 50 percent, however, were grouped between
$1*20 and $1*80 an hour.
3y type of baking,
scales ranged from $1.30 to $2*40 an hour in
shops baking nationality goods other than He
brew,
from less than 90 cents to $2 in cracker
and cooky plants, and from less than 90 cents
to $2.4-0 or more in each of the others (table 5)*
Hourly scales of $2 or more were applicable
to a greater proportion of workers in special
ized shops than in 'die standardized plants* Such
scales prevailed for three-fourths of the work
ers in shops producing Hebrew baked goods, about
a fourth of those in other specialized shops,
and for less than a tenth in the mechanized
standard shops.
In each type of baking, how
ever, hourly scales of individual workers tended
to concentrate around the average*
There w a s no consistent relationship be
tween the various branches of the industry w i t h
in individual cities*
Detroit,
for example,
had the highest scale level for Hebrew baking
and the third highest far other nationality bak
ing*
It ranked fifth, however, in pie and pas
try shops; seventh in cracker and cooky plants,
and eighteenth in bread and cake machine shops*
More than half of the union bakery workers
included in the study were employed in mechani
zed bread and cake shops*
Qa July 1, 1952, the
hourly wage scales in such shops averaged $1*50*
About a third of the 7 3 cities studied had scale
levels exceeding this amount*
Among the indi
vidual cities, levels for this branch ranged
from 99 cents in Charleston, S* C*, to $1*92 in
Oakland, Calif*
Five of the
six cities having
average scales in excess of $1*70 were on the
Pacific Coast* All five cities with average
scales of less than $1*10 were in the Southeast
region*
Increases ranging from 3 to 7 percent
were registered by machine bread and cake shops
in three-fifths of the studied cities*
A third of the 34 cities which had union
ized bread and cake hand shops recorded scale
levels of at least $1*60* Average scales for
this branch of the industry ranged from $1.12
in Chattanooga to $2*02 in New York City*
Scale levels in Hebrew bake shops ranged
from $1*42 in St* Louis to $2*31 in Detroit. Of
the 18 cities having such bakeries, 7 registered
levels in excess of $2 and 2 cities had wage
levels of less than $1*50* In other nationality
bake shops, average scales were highest in New
York ($2*07) and lowest in Los Angeles ($1*69)*
Among the 23 cities having pie and pastry
shops, union scales averaged from 91 cents in
Chattanooga to $2*05 in San Francisco.
City and Regional Rate Variations
Cracker and cooky plants, which employed a
fourth of the workers in the union bakeries in
cluded in the study, had levels ranging from
$1*02 in Salt Lake City to $1*44 in Newark*
Scales averaged in excess of $1*35 for 5 cities
a nd below $1.10 for 5 others.
Half of the 33
cities in this branch of the industry had levels
of $1*15 to $1.35.
Differences in union scales of bakery
workers exist not only between cities and re
gions but also between the various types of bak
eries within a city*
Scale levels in the 74cities studied ranged from 91 cents for pie and
pastry shops in Chattanooga to $2.31 for Hebrew
bake shops in Detroit.
When the 74 cities included in the survey
are grouped according to population, average
union hourly scales for all branches of the in
dustry combined were highest in the larger met
ropolitan cities and descended in accordance
with the city-size grouping (table 12).
3
Among the individual branches of the in
dustry, a somewhat similar pattern existed. Some
of the major exceptions were noted in the two
smallest-sized population groups; the levels for
hand bread and cake shops,and cracker and cooky
establishments in the group of cities with less
than 1 0 0 ,0 0 0 population exceeded those in the
1 0 0 ,0 0 0 to 250,000 grouping by 13 cents*
By region, average union hourly scales for
the baking industry ranged from $1.18 in the
Southeast region to $1*69 on the Pacific Coast*
The level in the Middle Atlantic States (*1.64)
also exceeded the *1*51 over-all national aver
age (table 13).
of the union bakery workers in the 74 cities
studied. More than 98 percent of the employment
in shops baking standardized goods were on such
schedules.
More than half the
Hebrew bakers
were employed under agreements
specifying a
work schedule of at least 44 hours; two-sevenths
of the workers in other nationality bake shops,
and three-eighths of those in hand bread and
cake shops, had a 48-hour standard work schedule
(table 14).
The average straight-time workweek of 40.7
hours for all baking workers remained unchanged
between July 1, 1951, and July 1, 1952.
Union Scales of Wages and Hours by City
The only branches of the industry repre
sented in all regions were cracker and cooky
shops, and machine bread and cake
shops.
The
highest scale level in these branches was *1.36
in the Middle Atlantic States for cracker and
cooky bakeries, and |GL.81 on the Pacific Coast
for machine bread and cake shops.
Standard Workweek
Collective-bargaining agreements in effect
on July 1, 1952, provided standard weekly work
schedules of 40 hours or less for six-sevenths
Uhion hourly wage scales and straight-time
hours per week in effect on July 1, 1951,
and
July 1, 1952, are presented in table 15 for each
classification of bakery workers by type c£ bak
ing in each of the 74 cities included in the
study. Where more than one union agreement was
in effect for the same type of baking in a par
ticular city,
the letters A, B, C, etc., are
used to designate the various effective agree
ments.
The sequence of the letters does not
indicate the relative importance of the agree
ments or the rates.
4
TABLE 1.— Indexes of union hourly wage rates and weekly hours
in the baking industry, 1939 - 1952
£ 9 4 7 - 49 = 1007
Year
1939:
1940:
19a:
1942:
1943:
1944:
1945:
1946:
1947:
1948:
1949:
1950:
1951:
1952:
June
June
June
July
July
July
July
July
July
July
July
July
July
July
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
........................
........................
........................
........................
........................
........................
........................
........................
........................
............. ......... .
.........................
.............. ..........
........................
........................
Index of
hourly
rates
Index of
weekly
hours
57.9
59.4
61.4
67.3
70.1
70.6
71.5
81.9
92.9
100.3
106.8
111.3
117.7
123.9
102.0
101.5
101.2
101.1
100.6
100.6
100.6
100.2
100.1
100.1
99.7
99.7
99.6
99.6
TABLE 2.— Average union wage rates in the baking industry, July 1, 1952,and
increases since July 1, 1951, by type of baking
Average rate
per hour
July ,
y
Type of baking
1 1952
All baking.................
Amount of increase
July 1. 1951
July 1. 1952 2/
Cents-per-hour
Percent
-
_ *1.51
5.3
8
1.81
1.50
1.39
4.4
5.8
5.3
8
8
7
2.11
1.94
1.26
4.0
11.5
4.3
20
:
Bread and cake
H a n d ............. ......
Machine .................
Pie and pastry.............
Nationality baking:
Hebrew ...... ...... .....
Other ...................
Cracker and cooky ...........
8
5
1/ Average rates are based on all rates in effect on July 1, 1952; in
dividual rates are weighted by the number of union members reported at each
rate*
2/ Based on comparable quotations for 1951 and 1952; weighted by the mem
bership reported in 1952*
TABLE 3.— Percent increases in union wage rates and percent of workers affected, by type of baking, July 1, 1951 - July 1, 1952
Percent of union workers
affected by Type of baking
Increase
All baking................. .
Bread and cake:
H a n d .......................
Machine........ ............
Pie and pastry .................
Nationality baking:
Hebrew.......... ...........
Other ......................
Cracker and cooky..............
1/
Less than 0*05 percent*
Decrease
Percent of workers affected by increase of -
16
change
Less
than 5
percent
10 and
20 and
5 and
15 and
25 and
30
under 10 under 15 under 20 under 25 under 30 percent
nercent
percent
percent
percent
90.3
0.3
9.4
38.2
40.1
9.5
1.7
0.3
75.5
92.9
90.2
1.0
23.5
24.2
44.4
43.7
55.6
4.6
15.4
_
6.8
2.3
1.5
.9
80.7
97.5
93.5
.3
(1/)
.4
-
.1
6.8
31.8
9.8
26.8
18.9
2.5
21.6
59.1
_
31.3
63.8
38.8
2.1
24.4
2.8
6.4
percent
and over
0.5
Cl/)
.5
_
.1
•
_
-
_
_
.
2.5
.
-
.
25.3
5
Table
4 .—Cents-per-hoxar
increase in union wage rates and percent of workers affected, by type of baking, July
All b a k i n g ........ ................. .
Bread and cake:
Hand ..................................
Machine ................... ..........
Pie and pastry ...........................
Nationality baking:
H e b r e w ...............................
Other .............
.
Cracker and c o o k y ................ .
.
.
1/
- July
90.3
H.3
47.7
20.0
6.2
1.1
0.3
75.5
92.9
6.3
10.3
10.3
35.6
49.6
57.7
24.8
14.7
15.9
6.2
2.7
3.0
1.2
(1/)
.5
-
.8
3.0
13.0
35.2
56.8
64.7
31.2
1.8
80.7
97.5
93.5
-
30.7
18.6
-
-
30 cents
and
over
_ 0.7
-
3.7
.5
__
.3
.1
-
5.8
1, 1952
-
Percent of worke rs affected by increase of
20 and
10 and
5 and
25 and
15 and
under
under
under ,
under
xander
20 cents
30 cents
10 cents 15 cents
25 cents
Less
than
5 cents
90.2
..
..................................
............
.
5
Percent of
union workers
affected by
increase
Type of baking
1, 1951
-
25.3
~
Less than 0.05 percent.
Table 5o— Distribution of union members in the baking industry, by type of baking and hourly wage rates, July 1, 1952
Type of baking
All baking ........
Bread and cake:
H a n d ...........
Machine ........
Pie and pastry ....
Nationality baking:
H e b r e w .... .
Other ..........
Cracker and cooky ..
1/
Average
rate
per
hour
$1,511
1.805
1.497
1.392
2.111
1.939
1.259
120
100
100
0.8
2 .?
a/ )
.5
1.2
1.2
.6
1.8
.9
1.9
-
5.8
110
130
130
120
150
150
7.1
9.7
12.2
10.3
1.1
.5
2.3
4.9
?.? 10.8
9.7
5.2
16.3
13.0
6.3
8.8 9.3 12.9 11.1
6.2 11.6 11.6 16.2
.2
.2
.1 1.3 1.1
1.0
.9
13.1 19.0 26.1 10.1 11.1
5.7
20.4
6.8
9.7
8.5
1.9
2.2
5.7
5.4
.6
-
190
200
210
220
200
210
220
230
2.2
?•? ?.8
6.4
5*7
9.7
8.4
5.4
18.0
4.2
3.7
18.9
1.3
2.9
8.7
34.1
.3
5.2
26.2
11.1
1.5
2.8
.1
7.6
3.8
.3
15.6
5.7
-
10.1
2.5
1.6
n.o
9.4
230
0.9
.8
.1
.2
.7
.3
26.2
6.9
12.5
4.1
1.4
-
-
240 250
°*?
°-2
3.3
-
-
.8
2.8
-
4.5
-
-
-
Lass than 0.05 percent.
Table
6 .—
Average union hourly wage rates and wage increases in bread and cake hand shops, by city, July 1, 1951 - July 1, 1952
City
Average
rate
per hour
July 1. 1952
¥ . .........
7<v=s A n g e l e s , rial if*- 1TTt-
New York, N.
San Francisco, Calif. ...
Baltimore, Md. ..........
n^lflAnd, H fllif-. -111 TTT--
P n f t l and , Onog
Average, all cities ............
f.binq gn, Til- ,«1tfrf1TIITtT1T
Newark, N. J ........... .
pi■ht.fihnngh, Pa.
Rochester, N. Y. ........
Cleveland, Ohio ........
Bn+.f.pj pfnn+.T -T-I-l7.71tTr
ppjyirp'p, P.nl
T1lntTtTT.»
Pp'pingfial d , Maas. .„TT„T
New Haven, Conn.........
1/
2/
Percent of union members whose reites (in cents) per hour were no
160
90
170
180
no
Under and
and
and
and
and
and
and
and
and
and
and
and
and
and
and
and and
under under under under under xander under xander under xander xander xander under xander xander under over
90
250
170
140
160
180
190
240
0
Amount f increase
Julv 1. 1951. - July 1. 1952
Percent
Cents-per-hoxar
$2,019
I
1.919
1.899
1.859
1.847
1.9
9.1
8,4
7.3
4.2
4.8
3.7
16.0
14.9
12.9
7.5
8.4
1.805
1.768
1.734
1.677
1.674
1.595
1.566
I
1.512
1.485
4.4
5.7
15.3
11.5
3.1
0
7.6
9.5
23.0
17.4
5.0
0
5.9
0
-1.0
6.5
.925
.523
3.9
0
-.6
4.6
Less than 0.05 percent.
Includes Rock Island and Moline, H I., and Davenport, Iowa,
City
Phoenix, Ariz...........
Duluth, Minn. ......... ..
Minneapolis, Minn. . . * • • •
Manchester, N . H. . . . . . . .
St. Paxal, Minn. . . . . . . . . .
St. Louis, Mo. . . • • • • • • • •
Toledo, Ohio ...............................
Providence, R. I .......................
Peoria, 111.............
Scranton, Pa. .••••«•••«.
South Bend, Ind. ........
Milwaukee, Wis. .........
Salt Lake City, Utah ....
Rock Island (111.)
District 2/ ..........
Yoxangstown, Ohio ••••..0.
Boston, Mass. .•••••o....
Chattanooga, Tenn. ••••••
Average
Amoxant cif increase
rate
Jxaly 1. 1951 - July 1, 1952
per hoxar
Cents-pe — hoxar
Percent
July 1, 1952
1
$
1,482
1.476
1.476
1.466
1.461
1.426
1.398
1.383
1.372
1.370
1.348
1.335
1.335
1.329
1.317
1.303
1.115
(V)
5.7
4.2
14.9
4.3
3.6
4.7
3.8
0
6.3
.7
0
7.8
0
4.2
3.6
-.9
(2/)
7.9
5.9
19.0
6.1
5.0
6.3
5.0
0
8.2
1 .0
0
9.7
0
5.4
4.5
-1 .0
6
TABLE 7.— Average union hourly wage rates and wage increases in bread and cake machine shops, by city, July 1, 1951
City
Halrl arid , Cfllllf
San Francisco, Calif. ..
Los Angeles, Calif.....
Butte, Mont............
Spokane, Wash..........
Portland, Oreg.........
Washington, D. C .......
Cincinnati, Ohio ......
Pittsburgh, Pa.........
Seattle, Wash..........
New York, N. Y.........
Newark, N. J...........
Peoria, 111............
Phoenix, Ariz..........
Rochester, N. Y........
St. Louis, Mo..........
Youngstown, Ohio ......
Detroit, Mich..........
Kansas City, Mo........
Philadelphia, Pa.......
Denver, Colo...........
Chicago, 111...........
Average, all cities ....
Buffalo,
Y..........
Dayton, Ohio ...........
Houston,
.......... .
South Bend, Ind........
..........
Salt Lake City, Utah ...
Des Moines, Iowa ......
Minneapolis, Minn......
Indianapolis, Ind......
St. Paul, Minn.........
Worcester, Mass........
Scranton,
.........
Boston, Mass...........
New Haven, Conn........
N.
Tex
Toledo, (Mo
Fa.
1/
TABLE
Average
rate
per hour
July 1. 1952
,919
1.908
1.900
1.799
1.780
1.727
1.688
1.6741.637
1.608
1.600
1.581
1.577
1.570
1.570
1.54-8
1.534
1.513
1.513
1.510
1.506
1.501
1.497
1.487
1.485
1.482
1.482
1.471
1.466
1.450
1.431
1.430
1.412
1.403
1.398
1.392
1.392
Amount of increase
July 1. 1951 - July 1, 1952
Percent
Cents-per-hour
6.1
5.5
3.8
3.9
4.3
4.4
6.6
2.2
13.1
3.5
5.0
4.3
6.1
.2
3.5
8.4
8.3
4.1
6.6
11.0
0
6.4
5.8
3.6
4.2
3.5
9.1
4.2
9.3
4.3
11.0
10.0
7.0
6.8
7.3
7.2
10.5
3.6
19.0
5.4
7.6
6.5
9.1
.3
5.4
12.0
11.7
5.9
9.4
15.0
0
9.0
8.2
5.2
6.0
5.0
12.3
5.9
12.5
6.0
6.0
13.2
6.1
4.4
10.1
4.5
3.5
6.2
4.2
3.3
4.7
8.1
5.6
4.5
City
Duluth. Minn.........
Rock Island (ill.)
District 1/ ........
Syracuse, N. Y .......
Oklahoma City, Okla. .
Columbus, Ohio ......
Louisville, Ky.......
New Orleans, La......
dosha, Nebr. .........
Wichita, Kans.........
Grand Rapids, Mich. ..
Reading, Pa. ........
Providence, R. I.....
Springfield, Mass. ...
Milwaukee, Wis.......
Dallas, Tex..........
Cleveland, Ohio ......
Little Rock, Ark.....
Memphis, Tenn........
Portland, Maine .....
Charleston, W. Va. ...
Richmond, Va.........
San Antonio, Tex.....
Birmingham, Ala......
Baltimore,
Manchester, N. H .....
Chattanooga, Tenn. ...
Atlanta, Ga..........
Charlotte,
C. .....
Norfolk, Va..........
El Paso, Tex.........
Knoxville, Tenn......
Jacksonville, Fla. ...
Miami, Fla. ..........
Jackson, Miss. .......
Charleston, S. C.....
Md...........
N.
Average
rate
per hour
July 1. 1952
July 1, 1952
Amount of increase
July 1. 1951 - July 1. 1952
Percent
Cents-per-hour
$1,390
7.0
9.1
1.390
1.383
1.381
1.365
1.365
1.355
1.353
1.347
2.2
4.2
4.9
6.0
3.6
5.4
7.2
8.9
4.8
3.1
3.1
9.8
7.5
4.0
0
4.1
7.0
5.4
1.1
5.2
7.4
11.3
5.3
0
8.7
5.6
6.4
5.6
0
5.9
6.0
5.0
11.0
3.0
5.6
6.5
7.7
4.3
7.0
9.1
11.0
6.2
4.0
4.0
11.8
9.2
5.0
0
5.0
8.3
6.5
1.4
6.1
8.5
12.5
6.0
0
9.4
6.2
6.8
6.0
0
6.0
6.1
5.0
10.0
5.1
1.3a
1.328
1.324
1.321
1.315
1.291
1.285
1.277
1.276
1.270
1.266
1.249
1.240
1.232
1.200
1.197
1.177
1.162
1.137
1.127
1.113
1.072
1.068
1.050
1.009
.988
5.5
Includes Rock Island and Moline, 111., and Davenport, Iowa.
8.— Average union hourly wage rates and wage increases in pie
and pastry shops, by city, July 1, 1951 — July 1, 1952
City
San Francisco, Calif. ..
Los Angeles, Calif.....
St. Paul, Minn........
New York, N. Y ........
Detroit, Mich.........
Toledo, Chio .........
Indianapolis, Ind......
Average, all cities ....
Philadelphia, Pa......
Boston, Mass ..........
Worcester, Mass. .......
Ctaaha, Nebr...........
Scranton, Pa..........
York, Pa..............
Cleveland, Ohio ......
Columbus, Ohio .......
Syracuse, N. Y........
Buffalo, N. Y..........
Chicago,
Providence, R. I......
Baltimore, Md.........
South Bend, Ind.......
Duluth, Minn..........
Chattanooga, Tenn......
111.....................
Average
rate
per hour
July 1. 1952
$2,054
1.625
1.617
1.613
1.517
1.438
1.420
1.392
1.386
1.342
.a
1 3
1.279
1.273
1.264
1.261
1.261
1.209
1.204
1.143
1.120
1.081
1.070
.952
.914
Amount of increase
July 1. 1951 - July 1. 1952
Percent
Cents-per-hour
5.2
3.8
3.9
5.1
5.6
8.9
10.9
5.3
8.2
3.5
3.4
7.6
5.7
9.1
0
5.9
0
1.8
6.4
2.6
5.1
4.9
6.5
12.4
10.2
6.0
6.0
7.8
8.0
11.7
14.0
7.1
10.5
4.5
4.4
9.0
6.8
10.6
0
7.0
0
2.1
6.8
2.8
5.2
5.0
5.8
10.1
TABLE 9.— Average union hourly wage rates and wage increases in Hebrew
bake shops, by city, July 1, 1951 - July 1, 1952
City
Average
rate
per hour
July 1. 1952
Amount of increase
July 1. 1951 - July 1. 1952
Percent
Cents-per-hour
Detroit, Mich........
Los Angeles, Calif. ...
New York, N. Y.......
Rochester, N. Y......
Boston, Mass.........
Chicago, 111.........
$2,310
2.281
2.223
2.147
2.132
2.121
0.1
4.9
4.7
3.4
6.1
0
0.2
10.7
10.0
7.0
12.2
0
Average, all cities ...
2.111
4.0
8.0
Newark, N. J ..........
New Haven, Conn......
Providence, R. I. .....
Cleveland, Chio ......
Philadelphia, Pa......
Worcester, Mass. .%....
Minneapolis, Minn.....
Milwaukee, Wis........
Springfield, Mass.....
Denver, Colo......
Pittsburgh, Pa.......
St. Louis, Mo........
2.050
1.969
1.932
1.909
1.802
1.695
1.650
1.612
1.563
1.512
1.447
6.6
3.3
2.5
3.6
0
0
3.8
6.6
2.6
0
4.5
0
12.6
6.4
4.7
6.7
0
0
6.0
10.0
4.0
0
6.2
0
i.a 6
7
TABLE 10.— Average union hourly wage rates and wage increases in
other nationality bake shops, by city,
July 1, 1951 - July 1, 1952
City
Average rate
per hour
July 1. 1952
New York, N. Y.........
San Francisco, Calif. ..
Average, all cities ....
Detroit, Mich..........
Chicago, 111...... .
Cleveland, Ohio .......
Buffalo, N. Y. .........
Los Angeles, Calif. ....
TABLE 13.— Average union wage rates in the baking industry, by region 1/
and type of baking, July 1, 1952
Amount of increase
July 1. 1951 - July 1. 1952
Cent s-per-hour
Percent
$2,070
2.021
1.939
1.900
1.894
1.810
1.758
1.688
30.0
5.2
11.5
6.7
2.7
8.8
4.6
9.8
47.7
10.0
20.0
11.9
5.0
14.6
7.8
15.0
United
States
All baking ..........
City
Average rate
per hour
July 1. 1952
*1.51
*1.42
$1.64
$1.32
_ *1,18
1.81
1.50
1.39
1.38
1.36
1.29
1.96
1.56
1.46
1.90
1.38
1.08
1.12
1.16
.91
2.11
1.94
1.26
2.03
1.16
2.14
2.04
1.36
Great
Lakes
Middle
West
South
west
1.43
1.41
1.34
1.67
1.44
1.26
1.43
1.48
1.28
1.35
-
2.03
1.89
1.22
1.42
-
-
-
-
-
1.11
1.25
Moun
tain
Pacific
1.46
1.53
-
1.90
1.811.73
1.51
2.28
1.91
1.23
Amount of increase
July 1. 1951 - July 1. 1952
Percent
Cents-Der-hour
All baking ...........
Newark, N. J...........
Rochester, N. Y........
Pittsburgh, Pa. .......
Nov York, N. Y.........
Philadelphia, Fa.......
Houston, Tex...........
Detroit, Mich..........
Atlanta, Ga......... .
Chicago, 111...........
Buffalo, N. Y. .........
Oakland, Calif.........
St. Louis, Mo..........
Average, all cities ....
York, Pa...............
Kansas City, Mo........
Portland, Oreg.........
Duluth, Minn...........
Seattle, Wash..........
Los Angeles, Calif.....
Cincinnati, O h i o ..... .
St. Paul, Minn.........
Cknaha, Nebr............
Boston, Mass...........
Columbus, Ohio ........
Dayton, Ohio ...........
Cleveland, Ohio .......
Richmond, Va. ..........
Baltimore, Mcl..........
Denver, Colo...........
Spokane, Wash..........
Dallas, Tex. ...........
Minneapolis, Minn. .....
Birmingham, Ala........
Salt Lake City, Utah ...
South
east
Middle
Atlantic
Bread and cake:
H a n d .............
Machine ...........
Pie and pastry ......
Nationality baking:
Hebrew ...........
O t h e r ............
Cracker and cooky ....
TABLE 11.— Average union hourly wage rates and wage increases in
cracker and cooky shops, by city,
July 1, 1951 - July 1, 1952
Border
States
New
England
Type of baking
$1,442
1.440
1.398
1.370
1.358
1.318
1.315
1.313
1.312
1.306
1.278
1.271
1.259
1.249
1.241
1.226
1.208
1.204
1.200
1.193
1.182
1.164
1.158
1.144
1.128
1.122
1.111
1.109
1.107
1.078
1.059
1.040
1.020
1.016
11.6
5.5
5.7
5.8
5.4
2.7
4.6
6.4
4.5
4.9
0
4.3
5.2
5.3
5.7
4.7
10.0
9.9
7.3
3.5
8.4
5.0
4.5
14.7
1.6
0
5.5
7.5
3.5
6.3
6.6
5.4
5.0
6.6
8.7
4.0
4.2
4.4
4.2
2.1
3.6
5.1
3.6
3.9
0
3.5
4.3
4.4
4.8
4.0
9.0
8.6
6.5
3.0
7.6
4.5
4.0
14.7
1.4
0
5.2
7.3
3.3
6.2
6.6
5.5
5.1
6.9
Bread and cake:
Hand .............
Machine ..........
Pie and pastry ......
Nationality baking:
Hebrew ...........
O t h e r ....... .
Cracker and cooky ....
1/
-
1.24
-
1.28
-
1.09
The regions in this study include:
New England ......
Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New
Hampshire, Rhode Island, and Vermont;
Middle Atlantic ... New Jersey, New York, and Pennsylvania;
Border States .... Delaware, District of Columbia, Kentucky,
Maryland, Virginia, and West Virginia;
Southeast ........ Alabama, Florida, Georgia, Mississippi,
North Carolina, South Carolina, and
Tennessee;
Great Lakes ...... Illinois, Indiana, Michigan, Minnesota,
Ohio, and Wisconsin;
Middle West ...... Iowa, Kansas, Missouri, Nebraska, North
Dakota, and South Dakota;
Southwest .......
Arkansas, Louisiana, Oklahoma, and Texas;
Mountain .........
Arizona, Colorado, Idaho, Montana, New
Mexico, Utah, and Wyoming;
California, Nevada, Oregon, and Washington.
Pacific ..........
TABLE 14.— Distribution of union members in the baking industry, by
straight-time weekly hours and type of baking,
July 1, 1952
TABLE 12.— Average union wage rates in the baking industry, by
population group and type of baking, July 1, 1952
T^pe of baking
All baking ...........
Bread and cake:
H a n d ..............
Machine ...........
Pie and pastry .......
Nationality baking:
Hebrew .............
Other ..............
Cracker and cooky ....
Ponula tion ctoi
Cities
Cities Cities Cities
Cities
with
with
with
with
with
500,000
250,000 100,000 40,000
1,000,000
to
to
to
to
or more
1 . 000.000 500.000 250.000 100.000
*1,65
$1.48
*1.42
1.93
1.60
1.41
1.71
1.49
1.45
1.71
1.50
1.42
1.39
1.36
1.21
2.17
1.94
1.33
1.89
1.92
1.24
1.95
1.82
_
_
1.22
1.12
1.25
$1.29
1.52
1.29
1.26
Type of baking
All baking ........
Bread and cake:
H a n d ...........
Machine ........
Pie and pastry ....
Nationality baking:
Hebrew .........
Other ..........
Cracker and cooky ..
1/
Average
horn's
per
Under
week
40
Percent of weekly hours -
40
Over 40
and
under
44
44
Over 44
and
under
48
48
40.7
?,1
83t2 B ?-7
0.8
2.9
6,5
43.7
39.9
40.0
1.2
5.4
-
38.2
93.0
99.8
13.2
.3
6.5
(1/)
3.1
.4
37.8
.9
.2
44.1
42.5
40.0
10.0
-
31.5
11.2
41.5
17.0
28.8
Less than 0.05 percent.
-
60.0
100.0
-
-
8
TABIE 15.— Union scales of wages and hours in the baking industry, in selected cities, July 1, 1951, and July 1, 1952
/Hours are 4.0 per week for both years unless otherwise indicated/
Rate per hour
City and occupation
July 1,
1951
July 1,
1952
Rate per hour
City and occupation
July 1,
1951
ATLANTA, GA.
ATLANTA, GA. - Continued
Bread and cake - Machine shops:
Agreement A:
Working foremen ..........................
Mixers, overmen and doughnut-machine
operators ................................
Roll-machine operators ...................
Dividers, depositors, wrapping-machine
Crackers and cookies: - Continued
Agreement A: - Continued
Packing:
Supplymen ...............................
Pastemen, assemblymen ..................
Head clerks, wrapping-machine
operators ..............................
Sponge packers, bundlars (hand) ........
Stitchers, formers ............... ......
Sweet packers, closers, weighers, and
carton formers ........................
Agreement B :
F o r e m e n .... ..............................
Mixers ....................................
Ovenmen, loaders .........................
Wrapping-machine operators, cuttermen,
and scalers ..............................
Dumpers, enrobers, squeeze bagmen,
hand wrappers, packers, and
women helpers ...........................
Molder operators, stockmen, and
mixers' helpers .........................
Icing-machine operators ..................
Oven feeders and dumpers .................
Pan-washing-machine operators, roll
panners (female), make-up women,
twisters, panners, rackers, catchers,
carton makers, flour dumpers, pan
greasers, hand icers (cake), and
wrappers .................................
Agreement B:
Bread:
F o r e m e n ............ ....................
Dough mixers, ovenmen ..................
Dividermen ..............................
Moldermen, roll-machine operators,
and henchmen ..........................
Dough mixer helpers, pan greasers,
set-off men, and bread rackers
(all after 6 months) ..................
Cake:
Foremen .................................
Ovenmen .................................
Mixers ..................................
Ingredient scalers, scaling-machine
operators, and floorladies ............
Supervisors ............................
Cake-wrapping-machine operators, icers,
checkers, wrappers, packers, and
cutters (after 6 months) ..............
Greasing-machine operators .............
Helpers, male (after
months) ........ .
Shipping:
Shipping clerks .........................
Wrapping-machine operators .............
Bread checkers .........................
Cake checkers .......................... .
Wrapping-machine helpers ( after
months) .............................
Bun trayers, hand wrappers, truck
loaders, and helpers (after
months) .............................
trackers and cookies:
Agreement A :
Sponge and sweet mixing:
Head mixers ............................
Mixers ..................................
Mixers' helpers ..........................
Sponge baking:
Head bakers ............................
Machine captains ........................
Bakers .................................
Rollermen ..............................
Sweet baking:
Ovenmen
............
Dough feeders, machine set-up men,
pun /*"]AnnATft ltl
iiit-Tt-ii t t ___ Scalers, weighers, dough ...............
Icing:.
Reed mlTers ,t.It T
T
.T.
Mi Tftrs ........__ .......................
Mixers' helpers ........................
Base-cake weighers .....................
Floormen ................................
Machine operators' helpers .............
$1,470
1.380
1.280
1.420
1.320
1.320
1.230
1.100
1.040
1.270
1.140
1.080
1.280
.990
1.030
1.550
1.350
1.270
1.420
1.240
1.040
1.310
1.110
1.400
1.320
1.190
.990
1.060
1.050
1.470
6
1.220
1.190
1.120
.980
6
.930
1.000
4.5-hour workweek,
48-hour workweek,
1.350
1.656
1.546
1.381
1.730
1.615
1.445
1.700
1.590
1.524
1.469
1.730
1.665
1.585
1.535
1.381
1.445
1.326
1.172
1.385
1.225
1.573
1.491
1.436
1.645
1.560
1.500
1.271
1.161
1.445
1.330
1.385
1.381
$1,500
1.445
1.326
1.183
1.385
1.161
1.215
1.240
1.150
1.205
1.275
1.075
.925
1.325
1.125
.975
.875
.925
.825
.875
BALTIMORE, MD.
1.340
.980
1.400
1.330
1.250
1.120
.950
.940
.940
$1,436
1.381
1.620
1.020
1.010
1.010
1.420
1.290
1.260
1.190
1.050
6
1/
2/
*1.430
July 1,
1952
Bread and cake - Hand shops:
Agreement A:
Dough mixers, ovenmen ....................
Benchmen ..................................
Agreement B:
Dough mixers, b a k e r s ..... ............... .
Bread and cake - Machine shops:
Agreement A:
Bread department:
Mixers, oven operators (bread trays) ....
Ingredient scalers .....................
Bench hands .............................
Wrapping setters .......................
Divider operators, molder operators ....
Bread wrappers, machine ................
Mixers' helpers, oven feeders, oven
dumpers, and oven helpers .............
Ban greasers ............................
Bread packers ..........................
Flour blenders (bread and cake) ........
Bakery helpers (men and women) .........
Cake and sweet department:
Mixers, ovenmen (first class) ...........
Ingredient mixers ......................
Bench hands ........... .................
Cooky mixers, icing mixers ...........
Cake decorators ........................
Ovenmen (second class) .................
Dividers (depositor operators) .........
Oven feeders ............................
Cake packers ............................
Ban greasers .......................... .
Backers .................................
Bakery helpers, bakers' helpers ........
Bench helpers (women) ..................
Cake icers (women) ............ .........
Cake wrappers (women) ..................
Agreement B:
Bread department:
Mixers, ovenmen ........................
Set-up m e n ..............................
Dividermen ..............................
Oven dumpers ................... ........
Molde r m e n.......................... .
C o d e m e n , bake-shop helpers, and
pan greasers ................. ..........
Wrapping-machine feeders (women) ........
Cake department:
Mixers, ovenmen, and icing makers ......
Ingredient scalers, sugar grinders .....
Oven dumpers ............................
1 / 1.867
1/1.800
2/1.875
2/1.813
2/1.188
2/1.280
1.415
1.390
1.390
1.340
1.280
1.205
1.435
1.430
1.385
1.325
1.250
1.180
1.118
1.105
1.080
1.068
1.415
1.390
1.385
1.415
1.415
1.315
1.255
1.155
1.130
1.118
1.105
1.068
.940
.900
.875
1.390
1.330
1.250
1.180
1.155
1.100
1.460
1.225
1.163
1.150
1.125
1.113
1.460
1.435
1.430
1.460
1.460
1.360
1.300
1.200
1.175
1.163
1.150
1.113
.985
.945
.945
1.440
1.380
1.310
1.230
1.205
1.150
.825
.935
1.390
1.180
1.440
1.100
1.230
1.150
9
TABUS 15.— Union scales of wages and hours in the baking industry, in selected cities, July 1, 1951, and July 1, 1952 - Continued
Rate per hour
City and occupation
July 1,
1951
U
Rate per hour
City and occupation
July 1,
1952
July 1,
1951
BALTIMORE, MD. - Continued
BALTIMORE, MD. - Continued
Bread and cake - Machine shops: - Continued
Agreement B: - Continued
Cake department: - Continued
Flour blenders ..........................
Packers and shippers ....................
Crackers and cookies: - Continued
Baking department:
Sponge peelers ........................... .
Bakers, peelers, cracker-meal millers,
ingredient scalers, and machine
captains ......... .................... .
Cuttermen .................................
Ovenmen and reliefmen ....................
Rolle r m e n .......... ......................
Fig grinders, ingredient scaler helpers ...
Stackers ..................................
Cracker-meal millers' helpers, pan
cleaners, pan feeders, and fig grinders'
helpers ..................................
Other men workers (after 30 days) .... .
Icing department:
Working foremen, machine operators, and
marshmallow operators ............ .
Enrobing-machine operators ................
Icing mixers ............................. .
Working supervisors (women), sample-room
girls, and packers A ........ .......
Trolley stickers and dippers, h a n d ........
F l o o r m e n ............... ..................
Machine operators (women), D. L. operators,
packers on D. L., scalers, weighers,
caddie girls, depositor feeders, other
women machine operators, and delmarvis
operators .......................... .
Strappers, stencil feeders
and fillers, floor girls,
and other women help on D. L#
machines .................................
Caddie girls' helpers, other women help
(after
days) .........................
Backing department:
Head f o r e m e n .............. ...............
Utilitymen................................
Wrapping-machine operators and setters ....
C h e c k e r s.... ........................ .
Wrapping-machine operators, floormen A ....
Sponge packers, bundlers, carton formers,
cracker-meal packers, and sweet packers ..
Carton helpers .......................... .
Floormen B, other men h e l p ......... .
Weighers, chute tenders, machine operators,
and fillers ......................... .
B packers ............. ..................
Sealers, caddie formers ................. .
Relief girls, packing gang, and other
help (after
days) .....................
Tray and mold boys ......................
Wrappers and icers (women) .............
Agreement C:
General utilitymen ........................
O v e n m e n ................. .................
Machine operators, bread wrapping-machine
operators, depositor operators, cake
$1,075
1.040
1.000
*1.125
.985
.885
1.035
.935
1.370
1.320
1.290
1.400
1.270
Oven loaders and dumpers .................
Ingredient scalers, bread panners and
Dough mixers' helpers, cake oven helpers ..
Bread checkers, selectors, and order
packers ..................................
Hand icers (women) ........................
Checkers, packers and wrappers (women) ....
Agreement D:
Bread department:
Oven operators, dough mixers, doughnutmachine operators, and shipping-andreceiving clerks .......................
All around bench hands, molder operators,
divider operators, wrapping-machine
operators, and roll-machine operators ..
Ingredient scalers, oven feeders and
dumpers, mixers' helpers, icingmachine operators, and stock clerks ....
Ban racksrs (loaders), pan greasers,
molders' helpers, bread packers,
selectors, order packers, and floor
men wrapping ...........................
Fleur handlers, pan w a s h e r s .... .
Panners and fillers ....................
Doughnut tray packers .................. .
Helpers (women) .........................
Agreement E:
P^]fA<
ps
s+. r ass TTtTt.tTI.T..rT.T.....T..
Bakers, 2d class ..........................
General helpers ..........................
Vranefi wn^-lcers T..rTTT........... ...........
Agreement F:
Dough mixers ..............................
Divider operators ...................... .
Molder operators ................ .........
Dough mixers helpers ................. .
Wrapping-machine feeders .................
General helpers:
Starting rate ...........................
After
months ..........................
Aftej* 1 year ................... .
Pie and pastry shops:
Doughnut shops:
Agreement A:
Doughnut-machine operators, enrobers, and
glazing-machine operators .............
Shipping-and-receiving clerks ..........
ffand pshirers (women) T_______ ...........
Packers (wom e n )...... ..................
Agreement B:
Foremen .................................
Assistant working foremen ..............
Mixers, machine operators ..............
Bakery helpers ..........................
Doughnut friers .........................
Head packers .......................... .
Packers and helpers (women) .............
Crackers and cookies:
Mixing department:
Working f o r e m e n .................. ........
Mixers ....................................
Mixers' helpers ....................... .
Flour dumpers .............................
»1
6
1.220
1.170
1.170
1.120
1.020
1.000
1.090
1.050
1.450
1.370
1.350
1.300
1.250
1.250
1.200
1.100
.900
1.080
.980
1.445
1.535
1.395
1.485
1.345
1.295
1.225
1.435
1.385
1.315
1.145
1.055
1.055
1.035
1.200
1.325
1.125
.950
.825
1.325
1.125
.950
.825
1.430
1.355
1.305
' 1.455
1.230
1.150
1.005
1.043
1.093
1.125
1.380
1.330
1.255
1.175
1.030
1.068
1.118
1.040
.900
1.230
1.120
.980
.850
.930
1.150
1.540
1.365
1.280
1.055
1.020
.970
.920
1.425
1.375
1.175
1.000
1.580
1.405
1.320
1.095
1.060
1.010
.960
1.500
1.450
1.250
1.075
30
30
$1,425
.375
I
1.350
1.275
1.250
1.175
1.200
1.000
July 1,
1952
$1,500
1.450
1.425
1.350
1.325
1.250
1.275
1.075
.925
1.000
1.275
1.225
1.025
1.300
1.100
1.005
.955
.925
1.080
.905
1.350
1.030
1.000
.980
.855
.930
.805
•880
1.375
1.450
1.275
1.200
1.125
1.055
1.025
1.200
1.130
1.100
1.005
.955
.925
1.030
1.000
.905
.875
.855
.980
.950
.930
.805
.880
1.390
1.355
1.480
1.080
BIRMINGHAM, ALA.
Bread and cake - Machine shops:
Agreement A:
Bread:
Mixers .... ..................... .
Oven operators ..........................
Divider operators .......................
Molder operators .......................
Banners, oven feeders, and dumpers ......
Sweet-roll panners .................... .
Wrapping-machine operators .............
Checkers ................................
Slicers, feeders, wrapping-machine
helpers ...............................
Sugar grinders, flour dumpers, pan
greasers, stock room helpers and
packers ............ ...................
Cake:
Mixers ..................................
Oven operators .............. ...........
Depositors, icing makers ...............
Depositor helpers ............. .........
Wrapping-machine operators, head icers ..
Oven feeders and dumpers ...............
Bake-shop helpers, pan greasers, and
packers ................................
Icers and wrappers ......................
1.290
1.215
1.140
1.090
1.185
1.095
.965
1.040
1.515
1.415
1.330
1.265
1.215
1.310
1.220
1.090
1.165
1.390
1.355
1.480
1.205
1.080
1.070
1.415
1.330
1.205
1.195
1.040
1.165
1.290
.985
1.515
1.110
10
TAB IE 15.— Union scales of wages and hours in the baking industry, in selected cities, July 1, 1951, and July 1, 1952 - Continued
Rate per hour
Rate per hour
City and occupation
July 1,
1951
City and occupation
July 1,
1952
$1,145
1.045
1.020
Dividers, head roll-machine operators ...
Roll-machine operators .................
Fan greasers, bake shop helpers ........
Packers, shippers ......................
Crackers and cookies:
First floor:
Mixing room:
Mixers ..................................
Bake shop:
Machine operators, sponge-oven bakers ...
Sponge-oven helpers, sponge-oven
trayers ................................
Dough rollers, sweet-oven bakers .......
Sweet-oven helpers .....................
Machine feeders .............. ..........
Fan greasers ...........................
Stackers:
st
months .... ........
After
months .......................
Machine helpers ........................
Second floor:
Checkers, male, wrapping-machine
operators ................................
Tray and pan operators ...................
Sponge packers, large wafer-machine
operators, large carton makers ..........
Wrapping-machine bundlers ..........
Packers, machine helpers, and general
helpers ..................................
Third floor:
Head mixers ..............................
Mixers, wrapping-machine operators .......
Icing mixers, syrup cookers ..............
Cold-room packers ........................
Machine f e e d e r s ............ ..............
Capping operators ........................
Icing caddy, carton makers and helpers ....
Fruit cake:
Mixers ....................... .............
Scalers, bakers ............................
Wrappers, packers, scalers, checkers,
helpers, pan washers, and toppers .........
8
3
.995
.970
.920
.870
.820
.795
1.260
1.140
1.060
1.260
1.160
1.110
1.090
1.080
1.010
1.140
.980
.800
1.060
.800
$1,270
1.245
1.170
1.120
1.095
1.045
.995
.945
.920
1.310
1.190
1.110
1.310
1.210
1.160
1.140
1.110
1.060
1.040
1.030
.890
1.110
.850
1.100
1.130
1.060
1.040
.980
.850
1.190
1.130
1.110
1.040
1.040
.980
.850
1.150
1.040
1.090
.800
.850
1.080
1.010
.990
.930
.800
1.140
1.080
1.060
.990
.930
.930
.800
BOSTON, MASS.
Bread and cake - Hand shops:
Agreement A:
Dough mixers .............................
Ovenmen, bench hands, divider operators ...
Molders ...................................
Wrapping-machine operators, wrappingmachine helpers, shippers (after
years)
Packers ...................................
Bakers' helpers ...........................
Agreement B:
Foremen, second hands ....................
Shipping clerks ...........................
Ovenmen (bread and pies) ..................
Mixers ....................................
Ovenmen (cakes) .......... ................
Frosting makers ...........................
Head benchmsn ......................... ••••
B e n c h m e n ....... ..........................
Filling cooks .......................... .
Greasers, helpers, cleaners, frosters ....
3
2/
1/
4.8-hour workweek.
44--hour workweek.
July 1,
1952
BOSTON, MASS. - Continued
BIRMINGHAM, ALA. - Continued
Bread and cake - Machine shops: - Continued
Agreement B:
Bread:
1
July 1,
1951
2/1.659
2/1.549
2/1.499
2/1.704
1/1.594
I/l.544
2/1.449
2/1.449
2/1.359
2/1.494
2/1.494
/
1.610
1.380
1.370
1.350
1.340
1.330
1.320
1.270
1.230
1.010
1.655
1.425
1.415
1.395
1.385
1.375
1.365
1.315
1.275
1.055
2 1.404
Bread and cake - Hand shops: - Continued
Agreement C:
First hands ..............................
Ovenmen, dough mixers ....................
Benchmen ..................................
Frosters (women) .........................
’Agreement D:
Foremen ...................................
Dough mixers, benchmen, ovenmen, shipping
clerks ...................................
Bread and cake - Machine shops:
Agreement A:
(General agreement)
Bread:
Mixers ........ .........................
Head ovenmen ...........................
Divider operators, ovenmen, bench
hands ..................................
Mixers' helpers, ingredient scalers,
molder operators, oven feeders, rackers
Pan greasers, bench helpers, general
helpers, flour handlers and unloaders,
rackers' helpers ......................
Wrappers, packers, floormen, checkers,
conveyor men:
Up to
years ................... .
After 3 y e a r s .... ....................
Cake:
Mixers ..................................
Ovenmen ...................... T.........,
Ingredient scalers, icing mixers .......
Scalers, depositor operators, stockmen ..
Shippers - over
years ................
Dumpers, general helpers ...............
Wrappers, packers, boxers, icers, pan
greasers (women):
Up to 1 y e a r ........................ .
1
years .........................
years and over .... .........
Agreement B :
Ovenmen, icing mixers, mixers T-,t-t-tIfltt
Shippers ..................................
Ingredient scalers .......................
Bakery helpers ............................
Shippers' helpers:
First m o n t h ..... .......................
After first, month ..T.,....ITIir.IITITTIt
Table head (women) .......................
Wrappers (women):
to 2 months ..........................
Over ? months .............. I1..IT111I ,,
Agreement C:
Working foremen ...........................
Doughnut-machine operators, fondant
mixers, mixers ..........................
Divider operators, depositor operators,
roll-machine operators, benchmen,
receivers and stockmen, doco-machine
operators, English muffin grillers ......
Molder operators, ingredient scaler,
selectors, mixers' helpers, steam-box
men, ovenmen, blenders ..................
Molders' helpers, pan greasers, rackers
DeVelbiss-machine operators, wrappingmachine operators, conveyor beltmen,
frosting-machine operators, head fore
ladies, fondant-machine helpers .........
General bakery helpers, inspectors,
foreladies ...............................
Icers and decorators .....................
Doughnut tray packers, cake-cutting
machine operators, hand icers, panners
and make-up workers .....................
3
3
8
to 3
1
1
Pie
General bakery helpers ................ .. ,
$1,585
1.475
1.420
1.050
1,630
1.520
$
1.465
1.095
1/1.510
2/1.555
1/1.360
2/1.405
1.640
1.610
1.685
1.655
1.530
1.575
1.480
1.525
1.400
1.445
1.340
1.430
1.385
1.475
1.610
1.550
1.480
1.460
1.430
1.340
1.655
1.595
1.525
1.505
1.475
1.385
1.050
1.090
1.130
1.095
1.135
1.175
1.430
1.330
1.280
1.180
1.375
1.325
1.225
I
.475
1.130
1.180
1.130
.980
1.030
1.025
1.075
1.750
1.820
1.650
1.720
1.600
1.670
1.550
1.620
1.500
1.570
1.430
1.215
1.500
1.285
1.145
1.095
1.215
1.165
1.510
1.480
1.555
1.525
1.175
1.225
1.175
and pastry shops:
Mixers, ovenmen, benchmen ........ .
Doughnut-machine operators .................
11
TABLE 15. —
Union scales
of
wages and hours in the baking industry, in selected cities, July
1, 1951,
and July
1, 1952
Rate per hour
City and occupation
July 1,
1951
July 1,
1952
Rate per hour
City and occupation
BOSTON, MASS. - Continued
BUFFALO, N. Y. - Continued
Pie and pastry shops: - Continued
Doughnut mixers ............................
Checkers, dough cutters, filling cooks .....
Pie fillers (women) ........... .
Bakery helpers .............................
Baggers, packers, wrappers, boxers (women):
Up to 1 y e a r .... .............
1 to 3 years ........... ................. .
3 years and over .........................
Hebrew baking:
Foremen .....................................
Second hands ........................... .
Third hands .............. ..................
Crackers and cookies:
Agreement A:
Dog food department:
Mixers ...................... .......
Bakers, machine captains ...............
Bread and cake - Machine shops: - Continued
Agreement B: - Continued
Bread department: - Continued
Bench helpers ......... .................
Wrapping- and slicing-machine helpers,
flour handlers, packers ...............
Coolermen ....................T.........
Fan greasers, machine hand helpers .....
Cake department:
F o r e m e n .............................. .
Mixer8 ____..............................
Assemblymen, traveling—oven m e n .... ....
S c a l e r s ____ ___________________________t
Pie mixers ........ .....................
Wrapping-machine operators .............
Oven h e l p e r s ...... ..................
Foreladies ............T......,......,.tt
Machine helpers .... ....................
Ran greasers ......... .............
Pie-machine bpys - after 6 months ......
Cake decorators - after 6 months
(women) ............ ...................
leers, packers, wrappers (women) .......
Pie machine (women) ....................
Agreement C:
Bread department:
Working foremen ........................
Mixers ....... ..................
O v e n m e n ............. ...................
Assemblymen .............................
Dividermen, bench hands ................
Mixers * helpers ...................... T,,
Assembly helpers .......................
Checkers ........ ............... ........
Wrapping-machine operators .............
Machine and moldermen ...................
Oven feeders and dumpers ...............
Packers ......... .......................
Coolermen ....... .......................
Pan greasers, machine hand helpers .....
Bench helpers .......... ...............
Wrapping- and slicing-machine helpers,
flour handlers ........................
Cake department:
Foremen ................................
Mixers ..................................
Ovenmen .................... ............ .
Depositors .............................
Ingredient scalers .....................
Foreladies ..............................
Machine helpers ........................
Pan greasers ................. ..........
General helpers ........................
Icing-machine operators (women) ........
leers, packers, wrappers (women) .......
Rollette department:
Mixers .............. ...................
Jam cookers ................ ............
Mixers' helpers ........................
General machine helpers ................
Fore ladies ........................ .
Wrappers, rollers, boxers (women) ......
Agreement D:
Mixers, ovenmen ...T....... ...... ..........
Cake decorators ..........................
Assemblymen, fried-cake-machine
operators ...............................
Bench hands, dividermen ...................
Moldermen, peelmen ........................
Doughnut friers, icing-machine operators,
mixers' helpers, p a c k e r s ..... ...........
Wrapping-machine operators ...........
Bench helpers, cooky-machine operators,
oven helpers, flour sifters and
blenders ......................... .
Bake-shop helpers, flour sifters and
blenders' helpers, doughnut fillers .....
leers, wrappers and packers (women)......
Dough feeders ..........................
Oven f i r e m e n ...................... .
Pan feeders ........................... .
Bakers' helpers ........................
Kibblers ...............................
Packing department:
Floormen ................................
Handlers of broken and rejected goods ...
Scalers, weighers, p a c k e r s .... .........
Slipping department:
Shippers ............ ...................
Car checkers .................... .......
Car assemblers ..........................
Head car loaders .......................
Assemblers ................ .............
Assistant car loaders ..................
Stock clerks, s t o c k m e n......... .
Agreement B:
Machine captains ......................... .
Saltlne mixers, sweet mixers .............
Dough feeders, dough rollers,
overmen, bakers .............. .
Marshmallow mixers, spray-machine operators
Mixers' helpers ..........................
Supply men ................................
Weighers, general workers, beaters,
stockmen, machine feeders ...............
Feeders ...................................
Wrapping and packing department:
Wrapping-machine operators .............
Sponge packers, relief girls, wrappingmachine feeders .......................
Breakers, box makers, bundlers,
weighers, sweet packers, box liners,
box and label girls, box closers,
stitchers, bundle tapers ..............
$1,420
1.370
1.370
1.340
♦1.465
1.415
1.415
1.385
1.050
1.090
1.130
1.095
1.135
1.175
1/2.193
1/2.041
1/1.888
1/2.310
1/2.180
1/2.000
1.240
1.215
1.185
1.140
1.115
1.090
1.070
1.030
1.285
1.260
1.230
1.185
1.160
1.135
1.115
1.075
1.100
.875
.865
1.145
.920
.910
1.190
1.155
1.135
1.130
1.105
1.099
1.070
1.235
1.200
1.180
1.175
1.150
1.144
1.115
1.445
1.365
1.490
1.410
1.345
1.295
1.195
1.145
1.390
1.340
1.240
1.190
1.095
1.075
1.140
1.120
1.295
1.340
1.075
1.120
1.075
1.120
BUFFALO, N. Y.
Bread and cake - Machine shops:
Agreement A (semi-machine shops):
Foremen ...................................
Oven hands and mixers ....................
Bench hands ..............................
HeTpe-ps find pan greasers ............
Hand wrappers, checkers, wrappingmachine operators ..................... ..
Agreement B:
Bread department:
-Working foremen ................. .
Mixers ................................ .
Traveling-oven men, assemblymen ........
Bench hands ....T................ .
Dividermen .............................
Machine and m o l d e r m e n........ ..........
Doughnut—machine operators
Oven feeders and dumpers, wrappingmachine operators .....................
Checkers ......................... ......
1/
4-5-hour workweek,
1.650
1.600
1.540
1.260
1.710
1.660
1.590
1.300
1.260
1.260
1.628
1.515
1.490
1.445
1.445
1.415
1.380
1.683
1.560
1.545
1.500
1.490
1.460
1.435
1.340
1.335
1.395
1.390
- Continued
July 1,
1951
July 1,
1952
♦1.325
♦1.380
1.300
1.300
1.275
1.355
1.355
1.330
1.628
1.515
1.490
1.435
1.380
1.340
1.340
1.320
1.315
1.275
1.205
1.683
1.560
1.545
1.490
1.435
1.395
1.395
1.375
1.370
1.330
1.260
1.125
1.105
1.105
1.180
1.160
1.160
1.738
1.625
1.600
1.575
1.555
1.475
1.450
1.445
1.435
1.425
1.350
1.415
1.410
1.385
1.335
1.793
1.680
1.655
1.630
1.610
1.530
1.505
1.500
1.490
1.480
1.405
1.470
1.465
1.440
1.390
1.310
1.365
1.738
1.625
1.600
1.545
1.535
1.430
1.415
1.405
1.385
1.250
1.215
1.793
1.680
1.655
1.600
1.590
1.490
1.460
1.460
1.440
1.305
1.270
1.565
1.480
1.415
1.385
1.330
1.215
1.620
1.535
1.470
1.440
1.385
1.270
1.645
1.625
1.700
1.680
1.575
1.555
1.525
1.630
1.610
1.580
1.475
1.455
1.530
1.500
1.435
1.490
1.385
1.215
1.440
1.270
12
TABIE 15*— Union scales of wages and hours in the baking industry, in selected cities, July 1, 1951, and July 1, 1952 - Continued
Rate per hour
City and occupation
July 1,
1951
July 1,
1952
Rate per hour
City and occupation
BUFFALO, N. Y. - Continued
BUFFALO, N. Y. - Continued
Bread and cake - Machine shops: - Continued
Agreement E:
Male workers .............................
Agreement F:
Working foremen ..........................
Mixers, overmen, henchmen, dividermen,
fried-cake-machine operators ............
Bench helpers, checkers, flour dumpers,
moldermen, oven loaders and dumpers,
wrapping-machine operators ..............
Pan greasers, bread rackers, bread
panners, wrapping-machine helpers .......
Hand icers, checkers, packers, wrappers
and cutters (women) .....................
Agreement G:
Foremen ...................................
Bread and cake - Machine shops: - Continued
Agreement J: - Continued
Pen greasers, machine helpers ............
Packers, wrappers (wcmen) ................
Pie and pastry shops:
Agreement A:
Mixers ....................................
Icing mixers .............................
Ovenmen ...................................
Ingredient scalers .......................
Cookers ...................................
Shop helpers ...................... .......
Foreladles ................................
Helpers (women) ..........................
Agreement B:
Scaling-machine operators, machine
operators .............................. .
Packers, checkers ........................
Floorladies ..............................
Packers and wrappers (women) .............
Hebrew and Polish baking:
First hands, ovenmen, mixers ....... ........
Second hands, bench hands ..................
Crackers and cookies:
Agreement A:
Mixing department:
Head mixers ............................
Machine captains .......................
Mixers ..................................
Flour dumpers ..................... ......
Mixers 1 helpers ........................
Rollermen ............... .............. ..
Spray-machine operators and inspectors,
oven feeders and takers-out.......... .
Baking department:
Machine captains .............. .........
Oven firemen ...........................
Cuttermen ..............................
Bakers
(traveling and reel oven) ......
Graham oven feeders .................... .
Sponge rollermen .......................
Tenant-machine operators ...............
Floormen (class A) .....................
Floormen (class B), pan feeders
and greasers ..........................
Dough feeders, pan cleaners and
feeders ............... ................
Forming-machine operators ..............
Icing department:
Head mixers ............................
Machine set-up men, machinemen .........
Jelly and marshmallow m e n ..............
Icers (women), other helpers (women) ....
Machine operators (women) ..............
Packing department:
Working supervisors (women) ............
Sponge packers .........................
Hand bundlers, filling-machine
operators .............................
Sweet packers ..........................
Carton formers (machine), sealers
and weighers ................. ..........
Agreement B:
Mixing department:
Head mixers ................. ...........
Sponge mixers ............. .............
Sweet mixers .......................... .
Flour dumpers ...........................
Baking department:
Machine captains ....... ................
Cutte r m e n...... ..................... .
Sponge rollermen .......................
Pan feeders and greasers, general
helpers ........................ .......
Icing and cello-bag department:
Head mixers ............................
Machine set-up men ......................
Paper cutters ............... .
Icing mixers' helpers ..................
General helpers ........................
Dividermen ................................
Oven loaders and dumpers .................
Set-up m e n ........ .......................
M o l d e r m e n........... .....................
Pan greasers, flour dumpers ..............
'Bread rackers ............................
Machine icers ............................
Agreement H:
Working foremen ..........................
Oven operators, doughnut-machine
operators, potato chip operators,
mixers .................................
Benchmen, divider depositors ............ .
Ingredient scalers, wrapping-machine
operators, molder operators, mixers*
helpers, head selectors, filling
ccokers j floor"Ladies ...... t......
Selectors, oven feeders and dumpers,
stock handlers, muffin grillers, openkettle friers ••»•«•••»»«••••»••»•»•»•».»•
Production workers .......................
Oliver-wrapper operators, roll- and
sweet-yeast-machine operators ...........
Icers and decorators, cake-pan washers
and greasers, sweet yeast make-up
panners, ship bagging-machine operators,
chip friers, order packers, doughnut
tray packers, general helpers ............
Agreement I:
Working foremen ........................
Mixers ..................................
Overmen .................................
Assemblymen............................
Dividermen, benchmen ...................
Machine and mol d e r m e n..... .
Mixers' helpers ........ ................
Oven feeders and dumpers, assembly
helpers ....................... .......
Checkers ................................
Bench helpers, wrapping-machine
operators, flour sifters and blenders ..
Wrapping and slicer helpers, flour
handlers, packers, icers, roll
slicers, coolermen ....................
Pan greasers, machine helpers ...........
Agreement J:
Working foremen ........................
Mixers ...................... ..........
O v e r m a n .......... ........T......
Assemblymen............................
Dividermen, benchmen ...................
Machine moldermen .................. .
Doughnut-machine operators .............
Mixers' helpers ........................
Oven feeders and dumpers ...............
Checkers ................................
Bench helpers, wrapping-machine
operators ..........
Foreladies ................. ............
Wrapping and slicer helpers, flour
handlers, p a c k e r s ...... ...............
*1.140
*
1.195
1.735
1.735
1.635
1.635
1.485
1.485
1.385
1.385
1.185
1.185
1.760
1.700
1.590
1.390
1.350
1.4.50
1.360
1.330
1.330
1.100
1.810
1.750
1.640
1.560
1.560
1.560
1.500
1.410
1.380
1.380
1.150
1.870
1.870
1.670
1.620
1.670
1.620
1.570
1.570
1.520
1.470
1.520
1.470
1.305
1.305
1.270
1.270
1.628
1.515
1.A90
1.465
1.445
1.415
1.365
1.683
1.560
1.545
1.520
1.500
1.460
1.420
1.340
1.335
1.395
1.390
1.325
1.380
1.300
1.275
1.355
1.330
1.628
1.515
1.490
1.465
1.445
1.415
1.380
1.365
1.340
1.335
1.683
1.560
1.545
1.520
1.500
1.470
1.435
1.420
1.395
1.390
1.325
1.320
1.380
1.375
1.300
1.355
i . 5io
July 1,
1951
July 1,
1952
$1,275
1.105
$1,330
1.160
1.515
1.515
1.495
1.490
1.380
1.325
1.320
1.105
1.515
1.515
1.495
1.490
1.380
1.325
1.320
1.105
1.320
1.185
1.155
1.075
1.320
1.185
1.155
1.075
1.760
1.650
1.845
1.725
1.700
1.605
1.605
1.495
1.495
1.430
1.770
1.675
1.675
1.560
1.560
1.490
1.365
1.605
1.530
1.505
1.530
1.420
1.495
1.395
1.395
1.425
1.675
1.595
1.570
1.595
1.480
1.560
1.455
1.455
1.365
1.425
1.365
1.200
1.425
. 1.250
1.665
1.565
1.465
1.175
1.200
1.735
1.640
1.525
1.225
1.250
1.310
1.220
1.365
1.270
1.200
1.190
1.250
1.240
1.175
1.225
1.565
1.480
1.445
1.315
1.610
1.520
1.485
1.350
1.550
1.455
1.445
1.600
1.495
1.485
1.315
1.350
1.480
1.400
1.520
1.440
1.440
1.410
1.350
1.400
1.370
1.315
13
TABIE 15. —
Union scales of wages and hours in the baking industry, in selected cities, July
1, 1951,
and July
1, 1952
Rate per hour
July 1,
1951
July 1,
1952
Sponge packers ........................ .
Hand bund lars, and carton formers
(machine table), sweet packers,
carton formers (hand), "Q" formers,
cover stitchers, repack girls,
breakage g i r l s .... ................... .
$1,150
1.105
$1,180
1.135
1.315
1.205
1.240
1.150
1.350
1.180
BUTTE, MONT.
Bread and cake - Hand shops:
Foremen, mixers .............................
2A.840
2/1.791
2/1*691
2/ .9i3
Bread and cake - Machine shops:
Roll-machine operators ......................
Ovenmen .....................................
Bench hands ....... .............. .......
Wrapping-machine operators, wrappers
(men) .............. ............ ............
Wrappers (women) ................ ..........
4/1.923
4/1*923
4/1.923
4/1.870
4/1.766
1/1.920
3 A . 850
3A.750
/
2 .950
4 / 2.010
4/1.980
4 A .950
4 /1.940
4/1.850
1/1.301
y .913
1 A .370
1 / .950
1.110
1.160
.960
.910
.810
1.010
.960
.860
1.210
1.110
1.010
1.260
1.160
1.060
.960
.810
1.010
.860
1.010
.960
.910
.810
1.060
1.010
.960
.860
CHARLESTON, S. C.
Bread and cake - Machine shops:
Bread:
Mixers, ovenmen ...........................
Divide m e n , moldermen, stockmen, and
utility m e n ......... .................. .
Oven loaders, dumpers ....................
Helpers ........ ..........................
Cake:
Working foremen, mixers ...................
Mixers, ovenmen ...........................
Ingredient scalers .......................
Scalers, doughnut-machine operators,
and wrappers ................... .........
leers, packers, and helpers ..............
Bread and cake:
Shippers .................... .............
Wrappers .... .............................
Checkers ..................................
Helpers ...................... ..........
CHARLESTON, W. VA.
4.8-hour workweek.
44-hour workweek.
42-hour workweek,
July 1,
1952
2/1.510
2/1.340
2/1.330
£A.190
2/1.160
2/1.090
2/1.580
2/1.490
2/1.430
2/1.380
2/1.330
2/1.230
2/l. 180
2/1.570
2/1*400
/
g/1.250
2/1.220
2/1.150
2 1.390
$
1,320
1.160
$1,370
1.210
1.080
1.050
1.130
1.100
.830
.880
.880
.930
1.320
1.160
1.370
1.210
1.050
1.100
.940
.990
.910
1.040
.830
.880
.880
.930
.770
.830
.880
.820
.880
.930
1.160
1.210
.990
1.350
1.470
1.300
1.420
1.250
1.220
1.370
1.340
1.140
1.050
1.260
1.100
.950
1.000
1.050
1.320
1.200
1.140
.990
.960
1.000
1.260
CHATTANOOGA, TENN.
Bread and cake - Hand shops:
Head bakers .................................
Second bakers ................... ..........
Helpers .....................................
Bread and cake - Machine shops:
Agreement A:
Bread:
Dough m i x e r s .............. .............
Ovenmen ........... ........•••...........
B a n c h m e n ........ .......................
Twisters, bench helpers, machine
helpers, and wrapping-machine
operators .............................
Wrapping-machine helpers, general
helpers ............... ................
Cake:
Mixers ..... ......................... .
Machine operators ......................
Hand leers ........................... .
Checkers ................ .............. .
Wrappers, packers, and cutters .........
2/1.281
/I.O
2
C'l
to
2/
2/
y
2/1.580
2/1.490
2/1.430
2/1.380
2 A . 330
2/1.230
2/1.180
Bread and cake - Machine shops:
Agreement A:
Bread:
Foremen .................................
Mixers, head ovenmen ...................
Machinemen (rounders, molders, and
roll divid e r s )................... .
Ovenmen, wrapping-machine operators .....
General helpers, hand wrappers, and
machine helpers:
1st 3 m o n t h s ...... ...................
After 3 months .......................
Cake:
Foremen .................. .............. .
Mixers, overmen ........................
Machinemen, depositors, and ingredient
scalers ................................
Oven loaders and unloaders, cake
wrapping-machine operators, and
experienced l e e r s ....... .......
Foreladies ..............................
Ban washers and gr e a s e r s.... ...........
Helpers:
1st 3 months ............. ............
After 3 months ................ .......
leers, wrappers, and boxmakers:
1st 2 months .........................
Next 2 months ................. .......
After 4 months .......................
Shipping:
Shipping clerks ............ ........
Checkers, packers ......................
Agreement B:
Ovenmen, mixers, and doughnut-machine
operators ................. ..............
Dividers, roll-machine operators,
depositors, bread wrapping-machine
operators, and doughnut-cutter operators
Scalers, molder operators, stockmen,
mixers* helpers, and doughnut-frier
operators ....................... ........
Cake wrapping-machine operators ..........
Oven loaders, dumpers, cake icing-machine
operators .......... ................ .
Production employees, cake leers (hand) ...
Helpers:
1st 90 days .............................
After 90 days ..........................
Shipping:
Shipping-and-receiving clerks ..........
Selectors ...............................
lev!
Bread and cake - Machine shops:
Agreement A:
Bread:
Mixers No. 1 ............................
Wrapping-machine operators .... .........
Mixers No. 2, dividers, shipping clerks .
Proof-box operators ....TT...............
Rnlre'rs • yifiljwrs^ first. r.lflAfl T......... ,
Molders .................................
Bakers* helpers, second class ..........
Agreement B:
Bread:
Dough mixers, sponge setters, and
wrapping-machine operators .......... .
mnldofinAn T.TTt___ .TTT.....
Ovenmen, shipping c l e r k s ..... ..........
Ban greasers, feeders, dough panners ....
p-ponrl ^orlrnra tl ,, iiiitiriittii______
Bakers* helpers .........................
July 1,
1951
CHARLOTTE, N. C.
BUFFALO, N. T. - Continued
Crackers and cookies: - Continued
Agreement B: - Continued
Icing and cello-bag department: - Continued
Forming-machine operators, carton
Sealers, weighers (women) ...............
Packing department:
Rate per hour
City and occupation
l!
City and occupation
- Continued
42
2/1.283
2A.050
2/ .700
1.110
1.050
1.030
1.150
1.100
1.080
.970
1.020
.920
.960
1.100
.910
.800
.780
.780
1.150
.910
.880
.850
.880
14
TABIZ 15.— Union scales of wages and hours in the baking industry, in selected cities, July 1, 1951, and July 1, 1952 - Continued
Rate pier hour
City and occupation
July 1,
1951
CHATTANOOGA, TENN. - Continued
1
3
Over 6
months ...........................
Agreement C:
F o r e m e n ..................................
Mixers ...................... ............. t
O v e n m e n ...................................
Foreladies ................................
Scalers, icing mixers ............... .
Cutting-machine operators, icers, wrappers,
and wrapping-machine operators ........ ..
Helpers (men) .............................
Helpers (women) ..........................
Pie and pastry - Machine shops:
Foremen .....................................
Mixers, first cooks .........................
Cookers ............................. ........
Shipping clerks ........ ....................
Wrappers, boxers, crust-machine operators.
pie fillers, and toppers
Pie gla sers
Helpers ............................T.
$1,690
1.4.30
1.350
$1,790
1.530
1.450
1.280
1.140
1.380
1.240
1.200
1.320
1.100
1.420
1.080
1.180
.890
*920
1.010
1.000
I.O30
1.110
] .250
1.090
1.040
.995
.980
1.150
•990
.940
.895
.880
.780
.750
.750
1.150
.880
.850
.750
.990
•940
1.250
1.090
1.040
.790
.940
.890
•780
.750
.750
.880
.880
.850
.840
CHICAGO, ILL.
6
4 1.260
4 1
4 1.700
4 1.050
4 1.240
1.400
2/
4/
4.8-hour workweek.
42-hour workweek.
Bread and cake - Machine shops: - Continued
Agreement A: - Continued
Bread and dough panners, doughnut-tray
packers, hand-icers, make-up girls .... T_
Wrapping-machine feeders, Oliver wrapper
operators, order fillers and selectors,
cake cutting-machine operators, cooler
girls ....................................
Unskilled general bakery helpers (women) .
Agreement B:
Bread department:
Group leaders ........................
Mixers, ingredient scalers, ovenmen .....
Divider operators, soft-mill scalingmachine operators ............... rrr.tr
Moldermen, oven dumpers and feeders,
benchmen, dough dumpers ...............
Helpers ................................,
Inside bakery cleaners ................ .
Cake department:
Cake mixers, icing mixers, doughnutmachine mixers, ovenmen, ingredientmen, first scalers .....................
Bake-shop helpers, dumpers ............ .
Inside bakery cleaners ..................
Helpers, women:
First month ..........................
After
days ...........TT,T,
After
months ....__ ,
After 1 year ............. ......,, T, .
After 3 years ............ T.. Tr., t,, ,
Doughnut shops:
Doughnut and chocolate enrobing-machine
operators ........................... .,
Utility men .............................
Foremen (women) .........................
Packers (women):
Starting r a t e .........................
After
months ........................
After 1 year .............. ............
Pie and pastry shops:
Pie shops:
Ingredientmen, overmen, cooks, dough mixers
Dough breakers, fruit mixers, servicemen,
helpers ..................................
Pie-machine operators, cream toppers,
oven helpers (women) ...................
Wrappers, cream-pie fillers, fruit
cleaners, plate washers, sorters,
inspectors ...............................
Hebrew baking:
Foremen or first hands .......... ............
Second hands ................................
Bohemian baking - Bread:
Small shops - Hand:
First hands ...............................
Second hands ..............................
large shops - Machine:
First hands ...............................
Second hands ......................... .
Polish baking:
Retail shops:
Day work:
Foremen, spongers .............. .........
Second hands ...........................
Wholesale shops:
Day work:
Foremen, spongers ...................... .
Second hands ...........................
Crackers and cookies:
Agreement A:
Men employees:
First mixers .......... .................
Second mixers ...........................
Other men helpers:
Starting rate .................... .
months ..........................
II
3 - 22 months .................... .
A
?0
6
6
Bread and cake - Hand shops:
Retail - Bread and cake:
Agreement A:
First hands ............................. 4/1.770
Second hands ............................ 4/1.720
Icers, after 1 year ..................... 4/1.345
/
General bake-shop helpers, after 1 year .
/ .H O
Pan cleaners and greasers, after
months
Agreement B:
First hands, spongers, overmen .........
4/1.750
S«r»or>d hnndn -TfTT,.tT.T.llt.flT-Ttt..TTt
/
Third hands:
First
months .......................
/
. TO Tnrm+V|e
rr iT -ii
ni i-i i/
m o n t h s ...... .................
4/1.540
Wholesale - Bread:
First hands, mixers, overmen, spongers ....
1.675
Second hands, bench or machine hands,
molders or dividers, ingredientmen ......
1.625
Miscellaneous bakery workers .............
1.315
Bread and cake - Machine shops:
Agreement A:
Foremen ...................................
1.770
Oven operators, mixers, doughnut operators,
"|an/jap dnpnrfit.nro
,(
1.660
Bench hands, ingredient scalers, divider
and depositor operators, cooky-machine
operators, oven feeders and dumpers,
fl nnnwtn
_|
rTTT...11.T__TT______
1.610
Molder operators, wrapping machine set-up
men, dough dumpers, assistant leader
1.510
decorators ...............................
Grease-machine operators, pan washingmachine operators, rack washing-machine
operators, experienced bake-shop helpers,
stockmen .................................
1.290
Housekeepers, general bakery helpers .....
Inspectors, floorladies, skilled cake
...
1.280
6
36
July 1,
1951
July 1,
1952
CHICAGO, ILL. - Continued
Bread and cake - Machine shops: - Continued
Agreement B:
Foremen ...................................
Mixers, overman.............................
Head benchmen, divider operators .........
Shipping clerks ................. .......
Benchmen, machinemen, assistant mixers,
dumpers, and wrapping-machine
operators ......................... .
Set-up men, wrapping-machine tailers .....
Doughnut-machine operators ................
Bread twisters .......... .................
Helpers:
st
months .................. .........
24
Rate per hour
City and occupation
July 1,
1952
4/1.870
4/1.820
4/1-425
4/1.340
4/1.220
4/1.850
4/L.800
4/1.150
4/1.340
4/1.640
1.760
1.710
1.400
1.830
1.720
1.670
1.570
1.460
1.350
1.340
1 -3
$
1,210
$1,270
1.160
1.090
1.220
1.150
1.765
1.660
1.865
1.760
1.610
1.710
1.560
1.400
1.290
1.660
1.500
1.390
1.620
1.360
1.460
1.250
.960
1.010
1.060
1.110
1.160
1.720
1.350
1.060
i Tin
1.160
1.210
!260
l
1.500
1.300
1.500
1.180
1.180
.960
1.030
.960
1.030
1.080
1.080
1.370
1.300
1.440
1.020
1.210
1.090
.940
1.010
4/2.167
4/2.095
4/2.167
4/2-095
4/1-815
4/1-745
4/1.865
4/1.795
1.H0
1.950
1.875
2.000
1.925
2/1.879
1/1.754
2/1.929
1/1.804
1.985
1.860
2.035
1.910
1.450
1.200
.950
1.000
1.050
1.500
1.250
1.000
1.050
1.100
15
TABUS' 15.— Onion scales of wages and hours in the baking industry, in selected cities, July 1, 1951, and July 1, 1952 - Continued
City and occupation
Rate per hour
July 1,
1951
July 1,
1952
Rate per hour
City and occupation
CHICAGO, ILL. - Continued
CHICAGO, ILL. - Continued
Crackers and cookies: - Continued
Agreement A: - Continued
Men employees: - Continued
Other men helpers: - Continued
1 2 y e a r s ......................
2 3 years ........................
Over 3 years .........................
Women employees:
Starting r a t e .... ..................... ,
1 - 3 months ........................ ...
3 - 1 2 months .......................... .
1 2 years .......................... .
2 3 years .......................... .
Over 3 years .......................... .
Foreladies ............................ .
Agreement B:
Sponge-mixing department:
Mixers ............... .................
Mixers' helpers ....... .................
Sponge-baking department:
Oven captains ..........................
Peelers-in .............................
Rol l e r m e n........................... .
Draw beys ...............................
Stackers ................. .........
Sweet-mixing department:
Mixers ............. ................. .
Mixers1 helpers .........................
Ingredient scalers .....................
Sweet-baking department:
Sweet-oven captains ....................
Cutting-machine operator ...............
Overmen’s helpers ......................
Pan feeders and greasers .............. .
Icing department:
Mixers ........... .................. .
Mixers’ helpers, enrober operators .... .
Packers, machine feeders ....... ........
Packing and wrapping department:
Machinemen....................... ......
Fiber-case scalers, bag-machine
operators, automatic forming-machine
operators .............. ................
Fiber-case stitchers ....................
Fiber-case stitchers, tapers (women) ...
Sponge packers, under 16 oz. carton,
bundlers ............ ..................
Sweet packers, pans ...................
Sponge packers, 16 oz. carton and over;
sweet packers, carbons; carton formers
(women); bag fillers, c o n v e y o r .... .
Sweet packers, caddies, machine feeders,
bag stitchers .......... ..........
Packers, cases; bag fillers, dump pack ..
Agreement C:
Sponge baking:
Machine captains .......................
R e l i e f m e n.................. ............
Dough cutters ..........................
Sweet baking:
Machine captains .......................
Machine sheeters ........................
Dough feeders .......................... .
Mixing room:
Mixers, sweet and sponge ............... .
Raw material scalers ........... ........
Helpers .................................
Ovenmen (sweet and sponge) ..............
Icing department:
Machinemen............... ..............
Enrobers ................................
Head mixers .................. .........
Sandwich packers, casers, tapers,
magazine feeders ............. .........
Stickers ................................
Packing department:
Wrapping-machine operators .............
General helpers ........... ...........
Carton formers, bundlers, sponge packers
Crackers and cookies: - Continued
Agreement C: - Continued
Packing department: - Continued
Sweet packers ......................... .
Women carton and caddy stitchers,
scalers ................................
Receiving department:
Flour unloaders .............. .
Order fillers ..........................
Paper cutters and sugar grinders ........
S t o c k m e n ................................
Shipping department:
Head shipping clerks ................ .
Men-in-charge, wholesale department ....
Order fillers ....................... .
Stockmen ................................
Agreement D:
Sweet-mixing department:
Mixers ..................................
Helpers .................................
Sweet-baking department:
Head o v e n m e n ...... .....................
Machinemen................... ..........
Ovenmen ................................
Oven relievers ............ .............
Oven helpers ...........................
Pan feeders and greasers .......... .
General helpers ........................
Icing department:
Machinemen.......................... .
Mixers ............................... .
Backers, utility g i r l s ...... ...........
Cello-baggers and makers ............. .
Machine f e e d e r s ..... ...................
Sweet-packing department:
Floor boys ........ .....................
Weighers ...............................
P a c k e r s ...... ..........................
Cello baggers ..........................
Floor g i r l s ...... ......................
Carton and caddy forming:
Women employees .........................
Agreement E:
Mixing and baking department:
Mixing supervisors ............. ........
Baking supervisors .....................
Machine c a p t a i n s...... .................
Peelers, mixers ......... ...............
Working supervisors, drawmen ............
Rollermen, cuttermen, reliefmen .........
B a k e r s ..... ........................... .
Pan d u m p e r s ...... .................... ..
Oven firemen, flour dumpers ............
O v e n m e n ................... .............
Battermen ...............................
Pan cleaners and feeders ................
Machine set-up men, dough f e e d e r s ..... .
Wrapping and packing department, women:
Tally c l e r k s ............ ...............
Sponge p a c k e r s ..... ....................
Sweet packers, carton formers, weighers,
scalers, hand bundlers, machine
operators ................... .......
Icing department:
Head mixers ............................
E n r obermen........................ .
Stackers .......................... .
Icing mixers ...........................
Helpers ............. ...................
Jelly and marshmallow men ............. .
Scrappers ............. .............
$1,100
1.150
1.175
$1,150
1.200
1.225
.900
.950
1.000
1.050
1.100
1.150
1.200
.950
1.000
1.050
1.100
1.150
1.200
1.250
1.510
1.410
1.540
1.440
1.640
1.580
1.550
1.410
1.360
1.670
1.610
1.580
1.440
1.390
1.560
1.460
1.310
1.590
1.490
1.340
1.560
1.460
1.410
1.240
1.590
1.490
1.440
1.270
1.510
1.410
1.090
1.540
1.440
1.120
1.410
1.440
1.310
1.260
1.190
1.340
1.290
1.220
1.190
1.190
1.220
1.220
1.140
1.170
1.090
1.040
1.120
1.070
1.530
1.455
1.430
1.680
1.605
1.480
1.530
1.380
1.255
1.680
1.530
1.405
1.450
1.430
1.330
1.380
1.600
1.580
1.480
1.530
1.330
1.330
1.230
1.530
1.480
1.380
1.240
1.090
1.020
1.170
1.280
1.130
1.100
1.430
1.280
1.250
Spreaders ........... ...................
General bakery workers:
Ritz forming-machine operators .........
Floormen ...............................
Working supervisors (women) .............
Women helpers ......................... .
General help (women) ...................
July 1,
1951
$1,060
July 1
1952
$1,210
1.020
1.170
1.300
1.260
1.205
1.260
1.450
1.380
1.355
1.330
1.480
1.330
1.230
1.180
1.630
1.530
1.380
1.330
1.490
1.395
1.560
1.465
1.555
1.540
1.405
1.365
1.285
1.185
1.065
1.630
1.610
1.475
1.435
1.355
1.255
1.140
1.405
1.355
1.085
1.015
1.005
1.475
1.425
1.155
1.085
1.075
1.130
1.060
1.085
1.015
.865
1.200
1.130
1.155
1.085
.935
1.025
1.095
1.716
1.716
1.694
1.628
1.606
1.595
1.518
1.496
1.485
1.452
1.403
1.397
1.364
1.750
1.750
1.718
1.661
1.638
1.627
1.548
1.526
1.515
1.481
1.431
1.425
1.391
1.276
1.210
1.302
1.234
1.188
1.222
1.716
1.540
1.507
1.474
1.452
1.419
1.298
1.287
1.188
1.750
1.571
1.537
1.504
1.481
1.447
1.324
1.313
1.222
1.386
1.309
1.276
1.188
1.166
1.414
1.335
1.302
1.222
1.189
l6
TABUS 15.— Union scales of wages and hours in the baking industry, in selected cities, July 1, 1951, and July 1, 1952 - Continued
Rate per hour
City and occupation
July 1,
1951
July 1,
1952
CINCINNATI, OHIO
Bread and cake - Machine shops:
Foremen or first bakers ....................
Overmen, m i x e r s ...... ............... .
Crackers and cookies:
Head mixers, eutting-*iaehin« operators.....
Machine set-up captains, peelers ............
Upright and brake rollermen, mixers (baking
and icing), band o v e n m e n ...... ............
Assistant cutting-machine operators, marshmallow-depositor operators, receiving
clerks, truck-shipping clerks, assistant
reel-oven operators, inspectors, checker
captains ...................................
Assistant mixers, order checkers, spraymachine operators, auto-brake operators ....
Small power truck operators, repairmen,
marshmallow beaters, order fillers, flour
dumpers, warehouse storekeepers ......... .
Syrup mixers, enrober helpers, grinding-mill
operators, slotting-machine operators,
order chasers, car packers, cheese and fig
grinders, spray-machine cleaners,
shortening weighers ................ .......
Women employees:
Captains and clerks .......... ............
Inspectors, box tapers, oven tenders,
packers, ingredient weighers (class A),
machine operators (class A ) ...... .......
Machine operators (class B), breakers
(stackers \ variable scalers, dump fillers,
bundlers, magazine feeders, machine stock
clerks, nesting makers ..................
Carton weighers, general helpers, supply
girls, carton handlers and assemblers,
machine helpers and machine operators
(class C), scrap pickers ................
1/
2/
4-5-hour workweek,
4-8-hour workweek,
July 1,
1951
July 1,
1952
CLEVELAND, OHIO - Continued
$1,710
1.628
1.565
$1,745
1.664
1.600
1.580
1.520
1.490
1.615
1.555
1.525
1.4.70
1.505
Crackers and cookies:
Mixers, ovenmen, peelers, cracker ovenmen,
machinemen .................................
Rollers ............ ......
Cake-oven helpers, mixers* helpers .........
Bake-shop helpers .................. TTTTT..»,
All other helpers (women) ...........
$1,500
1.430
1.330
1.300
1.000
$1,500
1.430
1.330
1.300
1.000
1.530
1.430
1.570
1.470
COLUMBUS, OHIO
1.430
1.465
1.350
1.385
1.310
1.345
1.270
1.305
1.190
1.225
1.130
1.165
1.080
1.115
1.030
1.065
CLEVELAND, OHIO
Bread and cake - Hand shops:
Agreement A:
First hands ...............................
Second hands ........................... .
Male bake-shop helpers and shipping
clerks ......... .... .... .
Women, all classes .......................
Agreement B:
OVBIUQBn eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee
Mixers ....................................
TirTTtfTIIiTIt.ttrttTTI____ ......
Bake-shop h e l p e r s .... ....................
Bread and cake - Machine shops:
Overmen, mixers, ingredientmen, cake
decorators .................................
Bench or machine hands, doughnut-machine
operators ..................................
Mixers* helpers, oven feeders, helpers and
dumpers, wrapping and slicer adjusters ....
Bake-shop helpers, shipping-room helpers,
bread wrappers and slicers .... ............
Pie-machine operators ( w o men)............. .
tlonri Aaat 1^ turvnPTi 1 ____.. _ .____^^^__... .A ..
Women employees .............................
Pie and pastry shops:
Dough mixers, ovenmen .......................
Bake—shop helpers
Wrapper girls
Hebrew baking:
Ovenmen and dough m i x e r s ..... ............. .
1*0
.
.......... .........
. ...
....... ......... .........
Cake icers and miscellaneous helpers, women:
First 6 months ........ .................. .
A
A
niAniVie
..... ...........
Rate per hour
City and occupation
1.687
1.625
2/1.687
2/1.625
1.250
.956
2/1.250
1/ .956
1.687
1.687
1.625
1.250
2/1.835
2/1.835
2/1.770
2/1.354
1.550
1.550
1.500
1.500
1.380
1.380
1.280
1.080
1.060
1.010
1.280
1.080
1.060
1.010
1.550
1.280
1.010
1.550
1.280
1.010
1.910
1.800
1.378
1/1.977
1/1.866
1/1.444
.867
.978
1/ .933
I/
1.044
Bread and cake - Machine shops:
Agreement A:
Mixers, o v e n m e n ................... .
Oven feeders and d u m p e r s ..... ............
Bench and machine operators, checkers,
wrapping-machine operators (set-up) .... .
Bake-shop helpers, bread rackers, packers,
flour b l e n d e r s ...... ................... .
Women rackers, packers ( b u n s ) .......... ..
Agreement B:
Bread department:
Mixers, oven operators........... ......
Mixers * helpers, oven loaders and
unloaders, dividermen and molder
operators............. ............... .
Fan rack washers .............. .........
Roll department:
Mixers, oven operators .................
Machinemen and ingredient scalers,
wrapping-machine operators ............
Branch loaders and shippers ............
Roll panners, wrapping-machine helpers ..
Hand icers and wrappers (women) ........
Cake department:
Mixers, ovenmen, decorators .............
Machinemen, depositors ........ .........
Cooky-machine operators ......... .......
Machine h e l p e r s ....... .................
Pan washers arid greasers ...............
Hand icers and wrappers (women) ........
Shipping department:
Wrapping-machine operators .............
Wrapping-machine helpers, packers and
shippers ...............................
Order fillers ...........................
Warehouse department:
Stock room and receiving clerks ........
Freight handlers and flour dumpers ......
Agreement C:
Mixers, ovenmen ...........................
Oven helpers, feeders and dumpers ........
Dividers, molders, hand wrappers, mixers*
helpers ........ .........................
Molders* helpers, pan greasers, bread
rackers, flour blenders, wrapping-machine
helpers ..................................
Agreement D:
Mixers ............ .......................
Oven operators ............................
Dividers, tray-oven feeders and dumpers,
doughnut-machine operators, icing
mixers .................................. .
Bench hands, oven feeders and dumpers,
shippers, molders, depositors ...... .
Order workers ............... ..............
Helpers, panners, pan setters, pan
greasers, blenders, packers .......... .
Agreement E:
Dough mixer 8, ovenmen
Oven loaders «nd d u m p e r s .... .........
Dividermen, moldermen, wrapping-machine
operators, bread panners, shipping-andreceiving clerks, c h e c k e r s ..... .........
Dough mixers * helpers ............ .
Bread rackers, pan greasers, flour dumpers,
bench and machine helpers, truck loaders
and helpers
1.400
1.440
1.280
1.280
1.320
1.320
1.500
1.570
1.370
1.200
1.440
1.270
1.500
1.570
1.370
1.300
1.250
1.080
1.440
1.370
1.320
1.150
1.500
1.370
1.250
1.200
1.150
1.080
1.570
1.440
1.320
1.270
1.220
1.150
1.370
1.440
1.250
1.150
1.320
1.220
1.260
1.210
1.330
1.280
1.530
1.430
1.570
1.470
1.400
1.440
1.280
1.320
1.400
1.375
1.580
1.555
1.320
1.500
1.270
1.210
1.390
1.390
1.150
1.130
1.530
1.430
1.570
1.430
1.400
1.400
1.440
1.440
1.280
1.320
17
TABU? 15. — Union scales of wages and hours in the baking industry, in selected cities, July 1, 1951, and July 1, 1952 - Continued
Rate per hour
City and occupation
July 1,
1951
COLUMBUS, OHIO - Continued
Bread and cake - Machine shops: - Continued
Agreement F:
Working f o r e m e n ................ ..........
Dough mixers, o v e n m e n ....................
Oven loaders and dumpers ..................
Dough mixers* helpers, divide m e n , moldermen, roll-machine operators, bread
panners, shipping-and-receiving clerks,
checkers, wrapping-machine operators .....
Flour dumpers, bench and machine helpers,
wrapping-machine helpers, truck loaders
and helpers, pan greasers, bread rackers .
Pie and pastry shops:
Pie cookers and pie mixers, ingredient
scalers, and s c o o p e r s....... ...............
O v e r m e n .....................................
Rollers, fillers, toppers and trimmers .....
Crackers and cookies:
Head m i x e r s ........ ................... .
Overmen, pan p u l l e r s ......... .
Dough machine set-up operators........ ..
Receiving clerks, machine feeders, bandoven tenders ....................... ........
Dough break roll feeders, mixers* helpers ...
Ingredient scalers, s t o c k m e n ..... ..........
Feeders, greasers, cleaners, helpers (men):
After 30 days .............................
Rill and catch pans, helpers, 1st
days ...
Scrap pickers, packers, tray and carton
sealers, box formers, machine tenders,
wrappers ...................................
Stitchers, packers, magazine feeders, carton
strippers ..................................
Women helpers, 1st 30 days .................
30
%
1.680
1.530
1.430
%
1.720
1.570
1.470
1.400
1.440
1.280
1.320
1.370
1.250
1.080
1.440
1.150
1.320
1.400
1.375
1.320
1.580
1.555
1.500
1.270
1.210
1.150
1.450
1.390
1.330
1.080
1.010
1.260
1.160
.950
1.100
.920
.870
1.070
.950
1.640
1.530
1.510
1.690
1.580
1.560
DALLAS, TEX.
Bread and cake - Machine shops:
Agreement A:
Working foremen ...........................
Mixers ....................................
O v e r m e n ................ ..................
Machine operators, panners, twisters,
ingredient scalers, stock clerks, shipping
clerks, checkers, and slicing-wrapping
machine operators ............. ...........
Foreladies............ ...................
Pan greasers, cake dumpers, rackers,
packers, helpers and cake wrappingmachine operators (female) ..............
leers and wrappers:
1st 6 months ............. .........*. •. •
2d 6 months ............... .........
After 1 year ............................
Agreement B:
Bread:
Working foremen .........................
Mixers ............ ................... . •
Overmen ................. ................
Dividermen, moldermen, panners, twisters,
pan dumpers, slicing-wrapping machine
operators, bench hands and checkers ....
Pan greasers, rackers, slicing-wrapping
machine feeders, take-off men (other
than operators), and helpers:
1st 3 months .................. .
2d 3 months .................... .
After 6 m o n t h s ..... .
Cake:
F o r e m e n ..... ....................... .
Mixers ..................................
Overmen ......................................................
Machine operators, bench hands, and
ingredient scalers ................... .
Floorladies:
1st 6 months ........................ .
After 6 months ...................... . •
p
45-hour workweek,
1.420
Rate per hour
City and occupation
July 1,
1952
1.180
1.470
I
1.100
1.150
.850
.910
1.030
.900
.960
1.080
p i . 700
p l . 590
p i . 540
pl.750
pl.640
pl.590
pl.430
pl.480
.230
July 1,
1951
July 1,
1952
DAILAS, TEX. - Continued
Bread and cake - Machine shops: - Continued
Agreement B: - Continued
Cake: - Continued
*
Wrapping-machine operators ......................... 1/ 1.100 p l . 1 5 0
Helpers:
1st 3 months.............................................. 1/1.040 p L . 0 9 0
2d 3 months .....................................
p i .090
pl.140
After 6 months ........................................... 1/1.U 0 p i . 190
leers and wrappers:
1st 6 months................. ............................. 1/ .870
.920
2d 6 months............................................... P .920 PP .970
After 1 y ea r............................................... 1/1.030 p i . o e o
Agreement C:
Working foremen................... ................ .
1/1.670
p i . 720
Mixers.............................................................. ^1.560 p l . 6 1 0
Overmen ............................................................. p i . 540 p L . 5 9 0
Machine operators, panners, twisters,
ingredient scalers, stock clerks, shipping
clerks, checkers, and slicing-wrapping
p i . 450
machine operators ..................................
pL.500
Floorladies....................................................... p i . 210 p i .260
Fan greasers, cake dumpers, rackers,
packers, helpers, and cake-wrapping
machine operators, female ............................. p l . 1 3 0 p l . 1 8 0
leers and wrappers:
p .880
1st 6 months ........................................... ..
P .930
2d 6 months ..................................................... P .940 P .99°
After 1 year ................................................... p i . 060 p L . 1 1 0
l3rackers and cookies:
Mix and bake department:
1.370
1.430
Machinemsn.............................. .........................
Mixers, head (sponge and sweet) ................... 1.360
1.405
1.390
Peelers ............................ .................................. 1.350
1.380
Mixers, sweet ..................................................... 1.345
1.320
Overmen, sponge and sweet .............................. 1.260
Mixers* assistant, sponge .............................. 1.210
1.275
1.260
Ovenmen*a helpers ............................................. 1.190
1.080
1.020
Fan greasers............................. ......................
Mixers* helpers, dough feeders, and pan
.970
1.030
feeders ................. ...........................................
Icing department:
Machine set-up men............................ .............. 1.175
1.235
1.230
Mixers .................................................................. 1.175
1.030
1.150
Enrober operators...........................................
1.030
.970
Mixers* helpers................................................
.890
Packers and sea lers................... .....................
.835
.860
.800
Cake feeders .......................................................
Packing department:
Machine operators .......................................
1.135
1.135
Pan dumpers ............... ........................................
1.025
.965
.890
Packers, sponge ............... ...............................
.835
•890
Packers, sw eet.................................................
.785
.860
General help, female.........
.800
Shipping department:
1.290
Checkers head, receiving clerks ................... 1.230
1.230
Checkers ............................................................. 1.195
Order fillers ..................................................... 1.020 1.080
DAYTON, OHIO
I
.040
p l
Pl.090
pl.140
Mixers, o v e n m e n .......... ..........
Oven feeders and dumpers, molders, dividers,
benchmen, wrapping-machine set-up m e n .....
Doughnut-machine operators .................
Mixers* helpers .............. ..............
Wrapping-machine helpers, other helpers,
packers ..................... ...........
leers, wrappers, packers ( w o m e n )..... ......
Pl.090
pl.UO
1/1.190
1.555
1.615
1.505
1.465
1.455
1.565
1.525
1.515
1.340
1.170
1.405
1.235
1.555
1.615
1.505
1.465
1.455
1.434
1.390
1.565
1.525
1.515
1.495
1.450
E
pl.700
1/1.590
pl.540
pl.750
pL.640
pl.590
pL.430
pl.480
.
pl.220
pl.310
pl.270
pl.360
:
Mixers, o v e n m e n ...... .....................
Benchmen, machinemen, head wrappers, head
shippers, moldermen, panners, oven feeders
and dumpers, set-up men, dividers ........
Doughnut-machine operators .................
Mixers* helpers ...........................
Flour blenders ............................
Fan greasers ...............................
18
TABLE 15.— Union scales of wages and hours in the baking industry, in selected cities, July 1, 1951, and July 1, 1952 - Continued
Rate per hour
City and occupation
.July 1,
1951
July 1,
1952
2 - 4 weeks ............................
Packers and wrappers:
First 2 w e e k s ............ ..............
$1,340
1.170
$1,400
1.230
1.300
1.330
1.100
1.150
1.275
1.125
1.175
1.305
.830
.880
1.010
.850
.900
1.030
1.050
1.100
1.220
1.075
1.125
1.245
1.615
1.590
1.660
1.635
1.565
1.610
1.505
1.480
1.480
1.470
1.545
1.520
1.520
1.510
1.450
1.445
1.490
1.485
1.420
1.460
1.390
1.380
1.360
1.350
1.310
1.430
1.420
1.400
1.385
±•355
1.345
1.300
1.295
1.280
1.335
1.330
1.315
1.270
1.230
1.080
.940
1.305
1.260
1.110
.940
Handlers, shippers:
Agreement B:
Head mixers, after 12 months .............
Head machinemen (packing and band-oven),
mixers, band-oven operators and
Band-oven laminators, after 6 months,
cello-bag machine operators, machinemen
packing ............................ .
Car and track ch e c k e r s..... ..............
Receiving clerks’ helpers, reliefmen,
junior machinemen, syrup mixers, stores
stockmen....... .........................
Shredded wheat cookers ....................
Reel-ovenmen's helpers, car loaders and
unloaders ....................... ........
H.P.A. machinemen, assistant machinemen,
packing and band-oven........ ...........
Truck loaders and order pickers ...........
Power truck operators ............ ........
Icing mixers ..............................
Preparation men ........................ .
Stock m e n....... ........... ...............
Utensil washing-machine operators,
carton loaders ...........................
Paper cuttermen ..........................
Assortment stockmen ......................
Grinders, dough feeders, spray machinemen,
sack cleaners ............................
F l o o r m e n....................... ..........
Weight check e r s .......... ................
Women on base r a t e .... ...................
1.320
DENVER, COLO.
Bread and cake - Hand shops:
Foremen ............................... .
Dough mixers, ovenmen ......................
Bench hands ................... ..............
Bread and cake - Machine shops:
Foremen .....................................
Dough mixers, spongers, o v e n m e n .... .
Bench hands, machine operators .............
Hebrew baking - Cake and pastry:
F o r e m e n .......................... ..........
Dough mixers, spongers, ovenmen .............
Bench hands, machine operators .............
Crackers and cookies:
Agreement A:
Baking department:
Machine cap t a i n s........... ............
Head sponge and sweet mixers, and
peelers ............. ..................
Bakers .............................. .
Mixers, rollermen, drawmen ..............
Mixers' helpers ................ ........
Stackers ...................... ..........
General helpers (men) ..................
2/
48-hour workweek,
City and occupation
July 1,
1951
July 1,
1952
DENVER, COLO. - Continued
DAYTON, OHIO - Continued
Bread and cake - Machine shops: - Continued
Wrappers and packers, bread packers, wrapping-machine helpers, other helpers .......
leers, wrappers, and packers (women) .......
Crackers and cookies:
Agreement A:
Machine captains ...................... .
Mixers:
Rate per hour
(1
2/1.620
1/1.530
2/1.430
2/1.620
2/1.530
2/1.480
1.620
1.530
1.480
1.620
1.530
1.480
1.620
1.530
1.480
1.620
1.530
1.480
1.525
1.590
1.470
1.435
1.415
1.310
1.310
1.310
1.530
1.495
1.475
1.365
1.365
1.365
Crackers and cookies: - Continued
Agreement A : - Continued
Packing and icing departments:
Icing m i x e r s .................... .......
Wrapping-machine set-up men ............
Floormen ................................
Women employees:
Working supervisors........ .
Sponge p a c k e r s .................. .
Bundlers, machine operators, hand
bundlers, seeders, and weighers ......
Agreement B :
Baking department:
Machinemen, sponge ......................
Machinemen, s w e e t ............. .
Peelers, ovenmen, sponge ...............
Ovenmen (sweet), sponge reliefmen ......
Dough mixers, rollermen ................
Dough feeders .............. .............
Mixers' helpers ........................
Sponge ovenmen's helpers ...............
Pan greasers .................. ........
Icing room:
Machinemen; jelly, cream, and icing
mixers .................................
Jelly, cream and icing mixers'
helpers ................................
Packing department:
Wrapping and labeling maohineman ........
Wrapping and labeling-machine
helpers ................................
General helpers (men):
First month ........................... .
Next 2 months ...........................
Second 3 months ........................
Third 3 months .........................
Thereafter ......__ ..........____.......
General helpers (women):
First month .............................
Next 2 months ......................... .
Second 3 m o n t h s ..... ...................
Third 3 months .........................
Thereafter ................. .............
$1,415
1.360
1.255
$1,475
1.195
1.140
1.245
1.190
1.110
1.160
1.460
1.440
1.400
1.380
1.330
1.260
1.230
1.220
1.200
1.490
1.470
1.430
1.410
1.360
1.290
1.260
1.230
1.230
1.330
1.360
1.180
1.210
1.420
1.310
1.400
1.430
1.230
1.260
.980
1.030
1.070
1.110
1.160
1.010
1.060
1.100
1.140
1.190
.870
.910
.950
.990
1.030
.900
.940
.980
1.020
1.060
1.670
1.720
1.570
1.450
1.620
1.500
1.050
1.170
1.100
1.220
1.050
1.120
1.100
1.170
1.680
1.760
1.580
1.660
1.530
1.430
1.310
1.610
1.510
i ^on
1.680
1.760
1.580
1.660
DES MOINES, IOWA
Bread and cake - Machine shops:
Working f o r e m e n ....... .....................
Dough mixers, ovenmen, pan setters, pan
dumpers ....................................
Benchmen, machinemen, shipping clerks .......
Helpers:
First 3 months ...........................
After 3 m o n t h s ....... ....................
Miscellaneous employees:
First 3 months ............................
After 8 months ......... ....TtT lt
DETROIT, MICH.
Bread and cake - Machine shops:
Agreement A:
Bread:
Mixers, oven o p erators...... .
Flour blenders, ingredient scalers,
mixers' helpers, dividermen, twisters
and panners, benchmen, oven feeders and
dumpers, molders .......... .............
Pan setters, pan rackers, pan greasers,
greasers fried foods ..................
Bread rackers ...........................
Bun pannars ..... .....Tt. t
Cake:
Dough mixers, icing mixers, cooks, oven
operators
,
Ingredient scalers, depositor operators,
doughnut-machine operators ............
19
TABLE 15.— Union scales of wages and hours in the baking industry, in selected cities, July 1, 1951, and July 1, 1952 - Continued
Rate per hour
Rate per hour
City and occupation
July 1,
1951
July 1,
1952
Bread and cake - Machine shops: - Continued
Agreement A: - Continued
Cake: - Continued
Mixers' helpers, depositor helpers, oven
feeders and dumpers, icing-machine
Pan washers, all other help (men) ......
leers, all other help (women) ..........
Sweet yeast goods:
Dough mixers, bakers, proofers, bench
Benchmen, doughnut friers, doughnut
g l a z e r s ............. ..................
Flour blenders, ingredient scalers,
icing mixers and cookers, depositors,
and dividermen........ ........... .
Oven feeders, pan greasers .............
Dough feeders, s c a l e r s ............... .
All other help (men) ...................
Panners, d u m p e r s .... .............. .
Packers, icers, all other help (women) ..
Pie:
Working leaders, pie bakers, cooks #1 ...
Pie dough mixers, icing or meringue
mixers, ingredient scalers, raw
Cooks #2, pie peelers ..................
All other help (men) ................. .
All other help (women) .................
Wrapping:
Wrapping-machine set-up men ........ .
Bread wrappers rr ___________________.....
Cake wrappers, bun wrappers, and
packers ................................
Shipping, receiving:
Checkers ................................
Packers ......................__ ........
Receiving and stockroom men .............
Agreement B:
Bread and roll mixers:
Starting rate ...........................
After 2 m o n t h s ................ .........
Cake mixers, icing and filling cookers:
Starting rate ..........................
After 2 months ..........................
Doughnut friers, after 3 m o n t h s ..... .
Bakers - expert bench hands (after 2
months) ........................ ..........
Formula men (experienced) ................
Overmen:
Starting rate • ••••.....................
After 2 months ..........................
Pie crust mixers:
Starting rate ...........................
After 2 m o n t h s ........... ..............
• Ingredient s c a l e r s......... ..............
Stockmen receivers .......................
Bakers - all-round, benchmen:
Starting rate ...........................
After 2 months .........................
Bread divider operators:
Starting rate ..........................
After 2 months ............... .
Bread oven loaders, after 3 months; cakedepositor operators .....................
Bread wrapping-machine operators:
Starting rate ...........................
After 2 m o n t h s ..... ....................
Stockmen ..............
Bread rackers (after 3 m o n t h s ) .... .......
Cake decorators:
Starting rate ...........................
After 3 m o n t h s ...... ...................
After 6 months ..........................
Pan pullers to washing-machine, washingmachine operators, baking utilityraen,
shipping-room servicemen .................
1/
45-hour workweek,
July 1,
1951
July 1,
1952
DETROIT, MICH. - Continued
DETROIT, MICH. - Continued
Pan greasers, cutters ...................
City and occupation
$1*530
1.450
1.420
1.410
1.240
$1,610
1.530
1.500
1.490
1.320
1.680
1.760
1.630
1.710
1.580
1.530
1.470
1.410
1.310
1.240
1.660
1.610
1.550
1.490
1.390
1.320
1.680
1.760
1.580
1.530
1.410
1.240
1.660
1.610
1.490
1.320
1.580
1.430
1.660
1.510
1.240
1.320
1.530
1.470
1.420
1.610
1.550
1.500
1.540
1.690
1.540
1.690
1.520
1.670
1.670
1.520
1.670
1.670
1.640
1.570
1.640
1.570
1.460
1.610
1.460
1.510
1.490
1.610
1.580
1.580
1.490
1.610
1.580
1.580
1.450
1.550
1.450
1.550
1.390
1.530
1.390
1.530
1.530
1.530
1.380
1.520
1.480
1.470
1.380
1.520
1.480
1.470
1.200
1.360
1.460
1.200
1.360
1.460
1.460
1.460
Bread and cake - Machine shops: - Continued
Agreement B: - Continued
Machine operators (not otherwise specified^
Habamfa machine opera t o r s............ .
$1,430
1.470
Bread and roll mixers' helpers ...........
1.470
Bread panners (after 3 months) ..... .
Pan conditioners, general bakery workers,
bakery helper,, oven h e l p e r s ............
1.380
1.200
Decorat >rs, finishing department.........
Bread packers, shipping-room (women):
1.010
Starting rate ..........................
1.060
After 1 m o n t h ............ ..............
1.110
After 3 m o n t h s ................... ......
After 6 m o n t h s ...... ...................
1.160
Order girls:
Starting r a t e ...........................
1.010
After 6 months .........................
1.160
Finishing department (women) - general
icing workers, layer cake icers, bench
girls, panners, order helpers, general
bakery workers:
1.010
Starting r a t e ..........................
After 1 m o n t h .................. ........
1.060
After 3 months .........................
1.110
After 6 m o n t h s ............... ........
1.160
Agreement C:
Bread and roll department:
Mixers .................... ..............
1.810
M o l d e r m e n................ .......... .
1.630
Bench h e l p e r s ........ ..................
1.510
General u t i l i t y ........... .............
1.380
Panners (women) ........................
1.175
Cake department:
Mixers ........................... .......
1.810
I c e r s ............ ......................
1.710
Depositors .............................
1.630
Depositors' helpers, icers'
helpers ................................
1.510
leers (women) ...........................
1.210
Coffee cake department:
Benchmen:
Class A ...............................
1.760
Class B .............................. ,
1.660
Mixers' helpers ........................
1.510
Muffin girls ............................
1.215
Finishers, general utility, leaders
(women) ................................
1.230
Fried cake department:
Fried cake makers and leaders ..........
1.860
Fried cake helpers .....................
1.510
Scaling and flour blending department:
Oven #1, leaders ........................
1.860
Scalers, leaders .......................
1.730
Scalers, blenders ................... .
1.630
General u t i l i t y ........... .............
1.380
Panners (women) ........................
1.175
Specialty department:
Decorators...................... .......
1.910
General utility .........................
1.380
Decorator
(women) .... ...............
1.360
Decorator #2 (women) ....................
1.250
Decorator #3 (women) ...................
1.175
Panners (women) ........................
1.175
Cooky department:
Mixers ...........................
1.810
Depositors ..............................
1.630
Packing leaders (women) .................
1.275
Packers (women) ........................
1.175
General utility women ............ .......
1.130
Hebrew baking:
First hands — 1 or ? ovens, oaVe ha Irens ... .. 1/2.466
Second h a n d s .... ......................... .. 1/2.356
H e l p e r s ................. ...................
1/1.756
Polish baking:
First hands (either handling 2-ovens or
mixing dough) ..............................
1.900
First hands - 1-oven .......................
1.850
Second hands - partial dough mixers .........
1.755
Second hands - 1-oven .............___ ______
1.680
$1,430
1.470
1.470
1.380
1.200
1.010
1.060
1.110
1.160
1.010
1.160
1.010
1.060
1.110
1.160
1.810
1.630
1.510
1.380
1.175
1.810
1.710
1.630
1.510
1.210
1.760
1.660
1.510
1.215
1.230
1.860
1.510
1.860
1.730
I
1.380
1.175
.630
1.910
1.380
1.360
1.250
1.175
1.175
1.810
1.630
1.275
1.175
1.130
1/2.466
1/2**356
1/1.756
2.020
1.970
1.870
1.800
20
TABUS 15.— Union scales of wages and hours in the baking industry, in selected cities, July 1, 1951, and July 1, 1952 - Continued
Rate per hour
City and occupation
July 1,
1951
July 1,
1952
DETROIT, MICH. - Continued
$1,640
$1,700
1.100
1.200
1.160
1.260
1.540
1.640
1.600
1.700
1.280
1.3&0
1.340
1.440
1.100
1.200
1.160
1.260
1.765
1.675
1.694
1.606
1.573
1.551
1.496
1.441
1.500
1.716
1.661
1.276
1.254
1.243
1.790
1.730
1.330
1.310
1.295
1.551
1.551
1.441
1.331
1.276
1.615
1.615
1.640
1.615
1.560
44-hour workweek,
July 1,
1952
Crackers and cookies:
MBn employees:
Foremen .....................
Inexperienced ................
Experienced .................
Women employees:
F o r e m e n .....................
Inexperienced (first 300 days)
Experienced (after 300 days) .
$1,640
1.285
1.465
$1,740
1.385
1.565
1.050
1.150
.875
.940
.975
1 .04 0
1.380
1.380
E L PASO, TEX.
Bread and cake - Machine shops:
Dough mixers ............ .............
Overmen ...............................
Dividers, machine bread wrappers .....
Oven helpers, doughnut f r i e r s .... .
Bench hands .................... .
Moldermen........................
Bread rackers (oven) ...... ...........
Twisters, panners, and dough mixers*
helpers ........................ ......
Wrapping-machine helpers, pan greasers,
leers and helpers ...................
1.310
1.310
1.210
1.210
1.170
1.170
1.140
1.070
1.140
1.070
1.050
1.050
1.030
1.030
1.010
1.010
1.530
1.430
1.430
1.580
1.480
1.480
1.330
1.330
1.380
1.380
1.130
1.180
1.500
1.400
1.350
1.550
1.450
1.400
1.250
1.300
1.555
1.455
1.405
1.355
1.355
1.305
1.635
1.535
1.485
1.435
1.435
1.385
GRAND RAPIDS, MICH.
1.265
1.500
1.385
1.330
1.320
DULUTH, MINN.
2/
July 1,
1951
DULUTH, MINN. - Continued
Crackers and cookies:
Agreement A:
Mixers ...................... .............
Women workers:
Starting rate ...........................
After 1 m o n t h ................... .......
Agreement B:
Mixers:
Starting rate ...................... .
After 1 month ........................ ...
Helpers (men):
Starting r a t e ...... ....................
After 1 m o n t h .... ..................
Helpers (women):
Starting rate ...........................
After 1 month •.. •..................... .
Agreement C:
Baking, mixing and assembly department:
Machine captains .......................
Bakers, sponge ..........................
Fits mixers ..................... .......
Assemblymen #1, sponge drawmen ..........
Flour dumpers .................. ........
Pan feeders, mixers1 helpers ...........
Icing department:
Working assistant foremen ..............
Head mixers (icing) .......... ...........
Machine operators ............. .
Icing p a c k e r s .............. ............
Other helpers ......... ........
Packing department:
Working supervisors (men) ...............
Machine set-up m e n .....................
F l o o r m e n ............................ .
Working supervisors ( w o men)............
Head carton formers, machine operators ..
Sweet packers, hand carton formers, nQ"
formers, stitchers, weighers, closers,
bundlar«-hand, cripple pickers,
filling-machine operators, sealers,
staplers, sample-room weight clerks,
"S" packers and "S" formers ............
Bread and cake - Hand shops:
F o r e m e n .................. ............
Mixers, o v e n m e n ....... ...........
Bench hands ...........................
Hand wrappers and packers:
First 100 days .....................
After 100 davs ..................... .
Foremen (women) .......... .............
Helpers:
After 600 days ..................... .
Bread and cake - Machine shops:
Working f o r e m e n ....................... ,
Dough mixers, o v e n m e n .......
.
Bench hands, doughnut-machine operators
Machinemen (dividers and molders),
wrapping-machine operators...... .
Stockmen, receiving c l e r k s ..... ...... ,
Helpers:
After 600 days ...................... ,
Dishwashers ............ ........ ......
Hand wrappers and packers:
First 100 d a y s .......... ...........
After 100 d a y s ..................... .
Shipping department:
Shipping clerks (when only 1 clerk on
duty in a plant) ...................
Shipping clerks, after 90 days ......
Pie and pastry shops:
Bakers ................................
Women employees:
First 150 days
After 150 days
Rate per hour
City and occupation
2/ 1.606
1/1.354
2/1.296
.788
2/ ■
.849
2/ -
2/1.685
2/1.434
2/1.376
.992
2 / .940
2/ . " 5
2/1.072
2/1.093
2A.172
1.660
1.500
1.760
1.600
1.420
1.520
V
1.340
1 .24 0
1.440
1.340
1.215
.930
1.315
1 .03 0
.910
.990
1.010
1.4 2 0
1.235
1.520
1.370
1 .30 0
,775
,870
.865
.980
1.090
1.235
Bread and cake - Machine shops:
Agreement A:
Mixers, wrapping-machine set-up
operators .................. ........
Divider operators ................ ..
Shipping clerks, molders ........... .
Doughnut-machine operators ..........
Order fillers .................. .
Observers ................ .......
Stockmen ............................ .
Women cake-shop emp l o y e e s....... .
Agreement B:
Bread department:
Foremen, mixers,. dividermen, head
o v e n m e n ..........................
Oven feeders, dumpers, loaders ....
Benchmen, molders, machine wrappers
Mixers* helpers, ingredientmen, pan
greasers, general helpers, bread
rackers ................................
Agreement C:
Bread department:
Dough mixers, oven operators, wrappingmachine set-up men, bun-and-roll-machine
operators ................ .......
Divider operators ........... ...........
Oven dumpers and loaders, pan catchers ..
Checkers, molders ............ ...........
Ingredient scalers .....................
Flour dumpers ..........................
Dough mixers' helpers, molders' helpers,
bread boxers, pan greasers ............
Miscellaneous help:
Starting rate ........................
After 60 days ........................
After 6 months .......................
Cake department:
Mixers .................................
Wrapping-machine operators .............
Doughnut-machine, pie-machine, deposi
tors , and icing-machine operators ......
Oven d u m p e r s .... .......................
Oven loaders ...........................
Miscellaneous help:
Starting rate .........................
After 60 days ......... ...............
After 6 months .......................
Agreement D:
Ovenmen, cake mixers ................. .
Ingredient scalers, cake-oven operators,
depositor o p e r a t o r ............ ..........
1.380
1.380
1.430
1.430
1.255
1.335
.955
1.005
1.105
1.035
1.085
1.185
1.555
1.505
1.635
1.585
1.455
1.405
1.305
1.535
1.485
1.385
.955
1.005
1.105
1.035
1.085
1.185
1.480
1.530
1.430
1.480
21
TAB IE 15.— Union scales of wages and hours in the baking industry, in selected cities, July 1, 1951, and July 1, 1952 - Continued
Rate per hour
City and occupation
July 1,
1951
GRAND RAPIDS, MICH. - Continued
Bread and cake - Machine shops: - Continued
Agreement D: - Continued
Wrapping-machine o p e r a t o r ............. .
B e n c h m e n .................... .............
Oven loaders and dumpers .................
Cooky-machine operators, pan greasers,
order fillers, stockroom helpers ........
Foremen (women) ..........................
Wrapping-machine operators* helpers ......
$
1*380
1.290
1.280
$1,430
1.340
1.330
1.260
1.230
1.230
1.210
1.280
1.280
1.260
1.080
1.480
1.430
1.405
1.380
1.310
1.190
1.140
1.310
1.210
1.130
1.530
1.480
1.455
1.430
1.360
1.240
1.190
HOUSTON, TEX.
Bread and cake - Machine shops:
F o r e m e n ................. ........ ...........
Dough mixers, icing mixers, and spongers ....
O v e r m e n .....................................
Benchmen, machinemen, counters, checkers,
oven dumpers and loaders, weigh-up men,
scaling-machine operators, cake dumpers,
ingredient scalers, checkers (female),
bread twisters, and bread panners .........
Frend
and
TTT.TTT.
Ban greasers, pan and bread rackers ........
Greasing-machine operators (female), cake
wrapping-machine operators (female) .......
Wrappers and icers (female):
in
mnnt.hs Tiir.....TT..T..Tt..T..t.t.T.
to
months .............................
After 90 days .............................
Crackers and cookies:
Ml T or*S , hfllrATfl T__T____ ___....___...........
Machinemen, mixers (icing) ......... ........
Pol 1AT'mem tI.t.T,r,T...r..T.....1.T...T.......
Mixers* helpers, dough feeders, trough
handlers, spray machinemen, cuttermen,
mixers* helpers (icing), and machine
set- ip men (icing) .........................
F l o o r m e n .... ...............................
Machine operators (female) .................
Backers (female) ..................... ......
Icers (female) ..............................
1
2
2
3
4
1.725
1.550
1.500
1.775
1.600
1.550
1.275
1.500
1.350
1.325
1.130
1.180
1.450
1.300
.930
.980
1,060
1.655
1.545
1.490
1.435
1.325
1.215
1.195
1.170
.980
1.030
1.110
1.690
1.580
1.525
1.465
1.355
1.240
1.220
1.195
INDIANAPOLIS, IND.
Bread and cake - Machine shops:
Agreement A:
Bread department:
rWmava Imo/immn
. ... ............
Mixers ..................................
Oven feeders and dumpers, dividemen,
moldermen, bench and machine hands,
roll-machine operators, head
Bake-shop helpers, wrappers and sackers,
packers, pan greasers, flour dumpers ...
1.680
1.580
1.720
1.620
1.530
1.430
1.570
1.470
1.330
1.230
1.370
1.270
1.580
I. O
1.330
1.200
1.620
1.570
1.370
1.240
Cake department:
Bench hands, overmen, doughnut-machine
**ioaK4nm
....... .
Dumpers, pan boys, h e l p e r s ............ .
Wrappers and icers (women) .............
July 1,
1951
July 1,
1952
INDIANAPOLIS, IND. - Continued
1.160
Cake icers and wrappers (women), miscellaneous helpers (women) .................
Agreement E:
Mixers, doughnut-machine operators,
s t o c k m e n .......... ......... ............
Divider operators, cake-oven operators,
bench hands, bread-oven dumpers ..........
Shipping clerks ...........................
Holders, oven feeders and dumpers,
depositor operators, wrapping-machine
set-up operators, order fillers .........
Helpers ....... ...........................
Doughnut packing-machine operators
(women) ..................................
Cake-shop employees (women) ..............
Rate per hour
City and occupation
July 1,
1952
53
Bread and cake - Machine shops: - Continued
Agreement B:
Bread only:
Oven operators, dough mixers, make-up
supervisors..... ......................
Holders, dividers, roll-machine operators,
machine and bench hands, oven helpers,
w r » « p p i o p e r a t o r s ......... ..T
Ingredientmen........... ...............
Bread checkers ..........................
Bread and bun panne ra ________ ______T.tf
Bread rackers, pan greasers, bread
carton fillers, order fillers, helpers,
wrapping-machine operators* helpers ....
Flour dumpers, stockroom helpers .......
Cleaners, pan-room helpers, bun
wrappers ...............................
Agreement C:
Bread only:
Mixers, oven operators .................
Bread-shipping supervisors, machine
make-up supervisors ...................
Wrapping-machine operators, machine
and bench hands .......................
Ingredientmen ........... ................
Helpers ........... .....................
Stockroom helpers ................. .
Cleaners and pan-room h e l p e r s ......... .
Agreement D:
Bread department:
Scalers, oven operators, mixers ........
Dividermen, overmen, molders, machinemen
Shipping room and other helpers ........
Cake department:
Wrapping-machine operators....... ......
Ingredient scalers, mixers, icing mixers,
depositormen, ovenmen .................
Depositors* helpers, d u m p e r s .... .......
Shipping room and other helpers ........
Women workers:
Starting rate ............... ........
After 4 months .................. ......
After
months ........... .............
year or more ••••••••••••••••••.••••*
Agreement E:
Bread department:
Dough mixers, oven operators, breadshipping supervisors ...................
Machine and bench hands, oven helpers,
bread-machine wrappers •••.•••••••••••••
Bread c h e c k e r s ..... ....................
Order fillers, wrapping-machine helpers .
Stockroom h e l p e r s .......... ..........
Cleaners and pan-room helpers ..........
Cake department:
Mixers, cake and i c i n g ...... ...........
Depositor operators, bench hands,
scaling-machine operators, oven
h e l p e r s .... ...........................
Ingredient scalers .......... *...........
Checkers .............................. ..
Foremen (women) ....................... .*
Helpers .................................
Ban c l e a n e r s .... .......................
I c e r s ..... .................... .........
Agreement F:
Bread only:
Dough mixers, make-up supervisors,
oven operators .............. ..........
Machine bench hands, oven helpers,
molders, dividers, roll-machine operators, wrapping-machine operators ......
Bread checkers ............ ..............
Banners ...................... ........
Wrappingwaachine operators' helpers,
bread rackers, pan greasers, carton
fillers, order f i l l e r s ..... .
Flour dumpers, stockroom helpers ........
Bun wrappers, cleaners and pan-room
helpers, bun slicers ..................
1
8
1,580
$1,620
I. O
1.500
53
1.480
I. O
1.540
1.430
1.470
1.330
1.280
1.320
1.230
1.270
1.580
1.580
1.620
1.620
1.530
1.570
1.540
1.370
$
1.500
1.330
1.280
1.230
1.480
1.430
1.230
1.480
1.460
1.280
1.230
1.020
1.060
1.100
57
1.520
1.370
1.320
1.270
1.580
1.530
1.330
1.580
1.560
1.380
1.330
1.140
1.120
1.160
1.200
1.240
1.580
1.620
1.530
1.480
1.330
1.280
1.230
1.580
1.530
1.500
1.480
1.400
1.570
1.520
1.370
1.320
1.270
1.620
1.570
1.540
1.520
1.330
1.230
1.200
1.44°
1.370
1.270
1.240
1.580
1.620
1.530
1*480
1.430
1.570
1.520
1.470
1.330
1.280
1.370
1.320
1.230
1.270
22
TABLE
1 5 .—
liiion scales of wages and hours in the baking industry, in selected cities, July
1 , 1951,
and July
1 , 1952
Rate per hour
Rate per hour
City and occupation
July 1,
1951
July 1,
1952
Flour hlenders ...........................
Stock handlers, Oliver wrappers ..........
Bread rackers and panners ................
General helpers (women) ...................
Agreement H:
Bread department:
Bench hands, dough mixers' helpers,
oven loaders and dumpers, machine
and bench hands, dividers, molders,
roll-machine operators, wrappingmachine operators ......................
Oven helpers, bread panners ............
Bread helpers, pan greasers and setters,
bread rackers, wrapping-machine
operators' h e l p e r s ................... .
leers and wrappers .....................
Cake department:
Bench and machine h a n d s ................
Order fillers .............. ............
General helpers, pan-room helpers,
stockroom h e l p e r s ..... ................
leers ...................... .
Pie and pastry shops:
Pie-filling cookers, oven operators ........
Ingredient scalers, machine operators .... .
Rollers, fillers, trimmers, toppers ........
$1,720
1.620
$1,755
1.655
1.520
1.A70
1.A00
1.350
1.300
1.250
1.555
1.505
1.A35
1.385
1.A35
1.285
1.580
1.620
1.530
1.A30
1.570
1.A70
1.330
1.230
1.200
1.370
1.270
1.2A0
1.580
1.530
1.330
1.620
1.570
1.370
1.230
1.200
1.270
1.2 AO
1.530
1.500
1.200
1.570
1.5A0
1.2AO
JACKSON, MISS.
Bread and cake - Machine shops:
Bread:
Foremen ...................................
Mixers, head ovenmen .....................
Dividers and roll-machine operators ......
Loaders and dumpers ......................
Molder operators .........................
Panners .................... ..............
Roll ovenmen ..............................
Pan greasers, bread rackers ...............
Helpers, set-off men, and flour dumpers:
1st A w e e k s ..... ............... ........
2d A weeks ..............................
After 8 weeks ...........................
Cake:
Foremen, head mixers .....................
M i x e r s ....................................
Ovenmen ...................................
Depositor- and greasing-machine operators .
Foreladies ................................
leers, packers, wrappers, and helpers:
1st A weeks .............................
A weeks to 6 m o n t h s ........ ............
After 6 months ...................... .
Shipping:
Head wrapping-machine operators ..........
Wrapping-machine operators ...............
Foremen ................ ..................
Che c k e r s ..................................
Helpers, supplymen:
1st A w e e k s ..... .......................
After A weeks ...........................
1.210
1.210
1.150
1.120
1.100
1.080
1.000
.900
1.350
1.330
1.290
1.260
1.2A0
1.170
1.120
1.060
.790
.800
.860
.870
.880
.9A0
1.170
1.110
1.010
.910
.900
1.310
1.250
1.110
.980
.9AO
.790
.800
.860
.870
.880
•9A0
1.150
1.000
.950
.890
1.290
1.220
1.130
1.060
.790
.800
.870
.880
JACKSONVILLE, FLA.
Bread and cake - Machine shops:
Agreement A:
Ovenmen, mixers, and doughnut-machine
operators ................ ................
City and occupation
July 1,
1951
July 1,
1952
JACKSONVILLE, FLA. - Continued
INDIANAPOLIS, IND. - Continued
Bread and cake - Machine shops: - Continued
Agreement G:
Oven operators, lead men .................
Dough mixers, doughnut-machine operators ..
Roll-machine operators, dividers, molders,
oven feeders and dumpers, wrappingmachine operators, selectors,
relieftoen................................
- Continued
1.330
1.A00
Bread and cake - Machine shops: - Continued
Agreement A: - Continued
Dividers, depositors, benchmen, Docomachine operators, wrapping-machine
operators, utilitymen .................. .
Checkers, molders, roll-machine operators,
Frialator operators '.................. .
Second class benchmen, ingredient scalers,
icers, decorators, and stock clerks ______
Oven loaders and dumpers, shipping selec
tors, and icing-machine operators .......
Cake icers, panners, flour dumpers, pan
greasers, twisters, molders' helpers,
bread rackers, and make-up men ..........
Bakers' helpers:
1st 3 months ............................
After 3 m o n t h s ..... ....................
Doughnut packers and catchers, cake
cutters, packagers, wrappers, sugarmachine operators, carton makers,
catchers, and shipping-room workers ......
Agreement B:
Bread:
Working f o r e m e n .... ....................
Mixers ............. .....................
Ovenmen ................... .............,
Wrapping-machine operators .............
Dividermen.... .........................
Moldermen ........................ ......
Wrapping-machine helpers ...............
Feeders and dumpers ....................
Helpers .................................
Cake:
Mixers ........... T....ltTT.TTT,tt,ttt,,.
O v e n m e n ........................ ........
Depositormen..... ......................
Working foreladies .....................
Wrapping-machine o p erators......... .
Wrappers, icers, and helpers ............
Shipping:
Shipping foremen ...... .................
Checkers and unsold checkers ...........
Packers, helpers .......................
Agreement C:
Bread:
Mixers ............. .............tttT
Heed ovenmen _______ 7 7___T., (.
Wrapping-machine operators (standard
machine) ____ T..T.tltIII1 T
Head machinemen, wrapping-machine
operators (#35) .......................
Loaders and dumpers ....................
Mi vers • helperSj Hr*end psnnave
Wrapping-machine helpers ...............
Rnl] panners ...._________ tTT ,
Bakery helpers:
1st 6 weeks __________tTTgt ,
After 6 u p a Ito
Cake:
Cake and icing mixers, head
overman ________
Head icers, head wrappers ..............
Wrapping—machine operators
Ovenmen helpers ........................
Cake-depositor operators ...............
Wrappers, icers, and helpers:
1st 6 weeks _____T..T.TTtttt, , ,
After 6 weeks ........T
Porters — p a V a shop
Shipping:
Head shipping clerks ...................
Shipping c l e r k s ........
Assistant shipping clerks, stockroom
clerks, and cake-shipping clerks ......
Shipping helpers .......................
Agreement D:
Bread:
Mixers ..................................
Oven operators ..........................
Divider operators .....
$1,280
$1,350
1.230
1.300
1.180
1.250
1.080
1.150
1.000
1.070
.900
1.000
.970
1.070
1.000
1.070
1.410
1.310
H260
1.190
1.180
1.120
1.090
1.080
.950
1.A60
1.360
1.310
1.2A0
1.230
1.170
1.1A0
1.130
1.000
1.310
1.260
1.160
1.150
1.050
.950
1.360
1.310
1.210
1.200
1.100
1.000
1.190
1.090
.950
1.2A0
1.140
1.000
1.200
1.150
1.260
1.210
1.100
1.160
1.050
1.000
ocn
.900
.850
1.110
1.060
v m u
n
l«Ui
.960
.910
• fpu
.820
«OJlU
.880
i nnn
x*uuu
.950
#QAA
7w
.860
.850
i •UOU
rvAn
x
1.010
!soo
750
820
.810
880
!s 60
1.100
1.050
1.160
1.110
1.000
.860
1.060
.920
1.310
1.210
1.160
1.370
1.270
1.220
-.960
.920
.910
23
TABLE 15._[ M o n scales of wages and hours in the baking industry, in selected cities, July 1, 1951* and July 1, 1952 - Continued
Rate p<
Rate per hour
City and occupation
City and occupation
July 1,
1951
July 1,
1952
JACKSONVILLE, FLA. - Continued
KANSAS CITY, M0. - Continued
Bread and cake - Machine shops: - Continued
Agreement D: - Continued
Bread: - Continued
Roll and wrapping-machine operators ••••
Mixers' helpers, icing mixers, icingmachine operators, loaders and dumpers,
and bread and roll panners ............
Crackers and cookies: - Continued
Agreement B: - Continued
Packing departments - Continued
Sweet packing: - Continued
Regular packers, hand carton formers ..
Tally clerks, cello-bag operators,
supply girls, scalers, machine
operators (female) ..................
Caddy stitchers, general workers,
repackers ...........................
Label room:
Machinemen .......... ...................
Assistant machinemen
Truckmen, supply men
Scalers ...............................
Bundlers .................... .
Closing-machine operators, machine
operators and feeders ................
Stack caddies, general workers
(casers, hand wrappers) .......... .
Shipping department:
Head c h e c k e r s.............. ............
Bill clerks .............................
Carloaders, order fillers, packers,
checkers, stock m e n............ ........
Receiving and warehouse:
Checkers ............ .......
Requisition clerks, paper cutters ......
Gar unloaders ..........................
$1,100
$1,160
1.000
,860
1.060
.920
1.200
lll60
1.050
*950
.860
1.260
1.220
1.110
1.010
.920
1,000
1.060
.770
.810
.860
.830
.870
.920
Cake:
Oven operators ..........................
Shipping:
Helpers:
2d 4 weeks ............................
KANSAS CITY, MO.
Bread and cake - Machine shops:
Overmen, drawers, mixers, spongers .........
Wrappers, ingredientmen, icing makers, head
checkers ...................................
Men helpers .......... ................ ......
Women helpers ...............................
Crackers and cookies:
Agreement A:
Head mixers ...............................
Head icing-room men ......................
Hand machinemen ...........................
Dvfinmpn} mit a t h ...........................
Mixers' helpers ..........................
Shipping helpers, truck loaders, receiving
helpers, receiving stockmen .............
Wrapping-machine operators, rollermen ....
Sandwich-machine feeders, cracker
packers ..................................
Sweet-work wrappers and bundlers
(women) ..................................
Oo«ky penicera _____........................
Agreement B:
Bake shop (sponge):
Machinemen, head sponge mixers .........
Ou#anm«n ,,T,,-tttT-TT-T--1T--------.-----Sponge m i x e r s ......................... .
laminator operators ....................
Mixers' helpers .............. ..........
Dough feeders ..........................
Tally c l e r k s ......... ..................
Sack cleaners, miscellaneous floor
workers ............... ................
Bake shop (sweet):
Machinemen, head mixers ................
Ovenmen .................................
Sheeter operators ......................
Mixers' helpers ..................... .
Dough feeders ...........................
Bar-separator operators, relief men ....
Miscellaneous workers .......... ........
Icing department:
Ma o hi nemen , cnnlcs .,__ .T.............___
Icing mixers, trolley men ..............
Tray w a s h e r s ..... ......................
Supply girls ...........................
Packing department:
Sponge packing:
Packers ...............................
Oflddy unrlcers .........................
Sweet packing:
Machinemen (sugar wafers) ............
Mixers ................................
Floormen truckers ....................
Graham packers, heat scalers, casers ..
1.850
1.740
1.650
1.390
1.310
2.005
1.880
1.780
1.480
1.385
1.290
1.190
1.110
1.365
1.250
1.160
1.580
1.430
1.450
1.350
1.250
1.630
1.480
1.500
1.400
1.300
1.190
1.250
1.240
Bread - Machine shops:
Head ovenmen, m i x e r s .............. .......
Head machinemen ............................
Automatic roll-machine operators, wrappingmachine operators, and shipping
clerks .....................................
P a n n e r s ...... .
Loaders, dumpers:
1st 90 days ...............................
2d 90 days ................................
After 6 months ...........................
Mixers' helpers:
1st 90 days ...............................
2d 90 days ................................
After 6 months ............................
Roll panners ............. .
Pan rackers and lidders:
1st 90 days ...............................
2d 90 days ................................
After 6 months ............................
Roll helpers, bread rackers, wrapper feeders,
and shipping clerks' helpers:
1st 90 days ..............................
2d 90 d a y s ................... ............
After 6 months ............................
1.100
1.050
1.010
1.100
1.060
1.530
1.500
1.460
1.460
1.360
1.300
1.290
1.585
1.555
1.535
1.515
1.415
1.355
1.345
1.190
1.245
LITTLE ROCK, ARK.
1.530
1.500
1.460
1.360
1.300
1.290
1.190
1.585
1.555
1.515
1.415
1.355
1.345
1.245
1.460
1.410
1.190
1.080
1.515
1.465
1.245
1.135
1.130
1.110
1.185
1.165
Bread and cake - Machine shops:
Bread:
Foremen ...................................
Mixers, ovenmen, and checkers ............
Dividers ..................................
Benchmen, molder-machine operators, and
wrapping-machine operators ..............
Stockroom clerks, assistant checkers .....
Assistant urapping—machine operators .......
Helpers:
1st 6 months ...........................
7 to 12 months ................. ........
After 12 months ............ ............
Cake:
Depositor operators, cinnamon-roll
dividers .........1........... ...........
Mixers, ovenmen ..........................
Icing-machine operators, cinnamon-rollmachine operators ........................
Scalers, ingredientmen, and
depositors ..............................
-
1.515
1.465
1.355
1.185
hour
July 1,
1952
$1,110
$1,165
1.080
1.135
, .960
1.015
1.510
1.460
1.300
1.260
1.100
1.565
1.515
1.355
1.315
1.155
1.080
1.135
.960
1.015
1.380
1.370
1.435
1.425
1.310
1.365
1.380
1.310
1.310
1.435
1.365
1.365
1.230
1.170
1.290
1.230
1.060
1.020
1.120
1.080
.950
1.010
1.060
1.010
1.070
1.120
.870
.920
.980
.920
.930
.980
1.040
.980
.810
.870
.920
.870
.930
.980
.810
.840
.870
.870
.900
.930
1.580
1.470
1.390
1.630
1.520
1.440
1.330
1.280
1.190
1.380
1.330
1.240
.960
1.030
1.130
1.010
1.080
1.180
1.390
1.360
1.440
1.410
KNOXVILLE, TENN.
1.050
1.300
1.130
July 1,
- 1951
1.330
1.380
1.280
1.330
TABLE 15.— Union scales of wages and hours in the baking industry, in selected cities, July 1, 1951, and July 1, 1952 - Continued
Rate p er hour
Rate per hour
City and occupation
City and occupation
July 1,
1952
July 1,
1951
LITTLE ROCK, ARK. - Continued
LOS ANGELES, CALIF. - Continued
Bread and cake - Machine shops: - Continued
Cake: - Continued
Depositors and scalers helpers ...........
Women workers:
Crackers and cookies:
Head mixers .................................
Ovenmen, cuttermen, reliefmen and
peelers ....................................
M i x e r s ...... ....................... ........
Rollermen...................................
Flour dumpers, dough feeders, pan cleaners,
feeders and pan dumpers ....................
Women:
Forming-machine operators, sponge packers,
spreaders, sponge stackers, hand bundlers,
scalers and weighers .....................
Sweet packers ............................. .
Pan girls, boxers, icers, checkers,
wrappers, and packers:
2d 3
months ...........................
After
months .......................
6
1.140
1,220
1.190
.850
.900
$1,170
.910
.960
$
.960
1.010
LOS ANGELES, CALIF.
Bread - Hand shops:
Working foremen .............................
Mixers, o v e n m e n ....................... .
Bench m e n ....................................
Helpers .....................................
Bread and cake - Machine shops:
Agreement A:
Foremen, working .........................
Ovenmen and dough mixers ..................
Bench m e n ..................................
Agreement B:
Foremen ...................................
Dough mixers, ovenmen and doughnut men ....
Machine and bench hands ..................
Dough mixers' helpers ....................
Twisters, moldermen and oven dumpers ......
Oven feeders and ingredientmen ...........
Machinemen, w r a p p i n g ........... ..........
Machine and bench-hand helpers, flour
dumpers, and ^*read
tTTIttr.TT-TT-T
Pq.I Q
9 £pT°99^T*9 ||||aaai|tirtTrr---T
Hand w r a p p e r s ............. ...............
Conveyormen, tailers, bun slicers,
packers ..................................
Agreement C:
Foremen ...................................
Ovenmen, mixers and icing m i x e r s .........
Bench h a n d s .......... .............. .
M&ehi ne operstnrs, dftpnfiitnrn .............
Tngredi fijit snni «rs T.._..T.....T... ........
Oven helpers ..............................
Auxiliary w o r k e r s ........................
Packers and h e l p e r s ........ ..........
Pan washers, unskilled h e l p ..... .........
Women:
I c e r s .......................... ........
Machine wrappers ............. ...........
Experienced helpers ....................
Inexperienced helpers ..................
Pie and pastry shops:
Foremen .....................................
Head ovenmen ................................
Head cream and fruit cooks .................
Dough m i x e r s ................................
Head c h e c k e r s ......................... .
Second ovenmen ••••....... ......... ........
Topping baggers .............................
Second cream cooks ..........................
Scalers .....................................
Rollermen................................
T o p p e r s .................................... .
Foreladies ..................................
H e l p e r s ...... .............. ................
Packers and wrappers ...............................................
Hebrew baking - Bread:
First h a n d s ....................................................... .....
Second hands ................................
French baking - Machine shops:
Foremen, ovenmen and m i x e r s ................
Mixers and ovenmen under a f o r e m a n .........
Benchmen ....................................... ............................ .
Machine operators and hand
w r a p p e r s ................................................. ....................
Helpers:
First year ................................................................
Second y e a r ..............................................................
1
2/
44-hour workweek.
y
42-hour workweek.
2/1.915
2/1.815
yi.685
2/1.415
2/2.089
2/1.979
2/1*838
2/1.543
2.170
2.070
1.980
2.245
2.145
2.055
2.170
2.070
1.980
1.980
1.980
1.980
1.810
2.245
2.145
2.055
2.055
2.055
2.055
1.885
1.660
1.660
1.640
1.590
2.170
2.070
1.980
1.980
1.820
1.660
1.620
1.570
1.660
1.410
1.360
1.300
1.170
2.010
1.910
1.910
1.910
1.640
1.640
1.640
1.640
1.590
1.590
1.480
1.380
1.420
.735
I
1.735
1.715
1.665
2.245
2.145
2.055
2.055
1.895
1.735
1.695
1.645
1.735
1.485
1.435
1.375
1.245
2.070
1.970
1.970
1.970
1.700
1.700
1.700
1.700
1.650
1.650
1.270
1.540
1.440
1.480
1.330
U 2.249
4/2.085
4/2.357
£/2.192
1.840
1.990
1.690
1.590
1.390
1.240
1.340
1.840
1.740
1.540
1.390
1.490
July 1,
1951
1,650
1.600
$
1.553
1.530
July 1,
1952
$1,725
1.670
1.618
1.595
1.423
1.488
1.078
1.035
1.123
1.123
LOUISVILLE, KY.
Bread and cake - Machine shops:
Agreement A:
First mixers ..............................
Ovenmen, dumpers, feeders ...... ..........
Second cake mixers, wrapping-machine
operators, first hands, divider opera
tors, molders, utilitymen, first slicers,
roll b e n c h m e n.......... '.................
Head packers and checkers ................
Cake b e n c h m e n.................. ..........
Mixers’ helpers, pan rackers, stockmen,
packers and checkers, first class .......
Bread panners, twisters, pan setters,
flour dumpers, after
months ...........
Bakery helpers, pan greasers, after 4
months ..................... ..........
Bread rackers, after 4 m o n t h s .... .
Foremen (women) ...........................
Women production workers, after 4 months ..
Women icers, wrappers and finishers ......
Agreement B:
Ovenmen, cake .............................
Mixers .............r................ .....
Dividers, ovenmen, feeders and dumpers,
machine operators .......................
Mixers’ helpers, molders, reliefmen .......
Bread rackers ............................ .
Pan spotters, machine—pan greasers ........
General helpers, packers, order fillers,
wrappers' helpers .......................
Flour blenders ............................
Agreement C:
Mixers ....................................
Dividers, molders, depositors, oven
feeders and dumpers, doughnut-machine
operators, bread ingredient scalers,
shipping clerks, checkers, benchmen .....
Stockkeepers, twisters ....................
General helpers, flour dumpers, machine
cleaners .................................
Women helpers (cake shop) ................
Agreement D:
Head mixers .............................TT
Mixers, ovenmen, feeders, shipping—and—
receiving clerks .... ....................
Machinemen, head checkers, head wrappers
and slicers (machine) ...................
D u m p e r s ...... •..................... ......
Flour dumpers, general h e l p e r s ____
Wrapping- and slicing-machine helpers,
pan rackers, greasers, mixers' helpers . . .
Bread rackers, bench and machine helpers . .
Agreement E:
Dough m i x e r s ..............................
Batchmen, ingredientmen, oven operators . . .
Utilitymen, dough mixers' helpers .........
Head packers and checkers ............ .
Dividers ^ m i l —m o nV H no n p o r o +.r»Y*Q _ _ 1 . 1 . . , 1
Oven feeders and dumpers, bread-wrappingmachins npsrstors___ ___. T . . T T r . . T . T T T t T .
Roll-machine helpers, panners, reliefmen
after
days, pan greasers, pan rackers,
m o l d e r s ___ . . _______
4
1.500
1.470
1.450
1.550
1.520
1.420
1.400
1.500
1.470
1.450
1.370
1.420
1.260
1.310
1.190
1.240
1.210
1.160
1.130
1.100
1.080
1.580
1.480
1.430
1.180
1.150
1.130
1.630
1.530
1.380
1.480
1.430
1.330
1.300
1.350
1.300
1.380
1.350
1.500
1.200
1.520
1.450
1.325
1.470
1.345
1.195
1.075
1.215
1.095
1.150
1.500
1.480
1.420
1.380
1.320
1.540
1.520
1.460
1.430
1.360
1.310
1.270
1.350
1.310
1.505
1.495
1.435
1.405
1.385
1.555
1.545
1.485
1.455
1.435
1.355
1.405
1.335
1.385
60
25
TABLE 15.— Union scales of wages and hours in the baking industry, in selected cities, July 1, 1951, and July 1, 1952 - Continued
Rate per hour
Rate per hour
City and occupation
July 1,
1951
July 1,
1952
City and occupation
LOUISVILLE, KY. - Continued
MEMPHIS, TENN. - Continued
Bread and cake - Machine shops: - Continued
Agreement E: - Continued
Flour blenders, dumpers ..................
Packers1 helpers .........................
Wrapping-machine operators (rolls) .......
Wrapping-machine operators* helpers
(bread) ..................................
Bakery helpers, mixers* helpers .... ......
Wrapping-machine helpers (rolls), women
bread rackers ............................
Pan cleaners .......... ...................
Krum employees, roll boxers ............ .
Agreement F:
Oven operators ............................
Mixers ....................................
Divider operators, molder operators,
benchmen, roll-machine operators, bread
feeders and dumpers, cake-oven feeders ...
Wrapping-machine operators, ingredient
scalers, cake depositors, pan greasers,
shipping clerks and checkers ............
Selectors, bread rackers, machinemen,
pan rackers, bread rackers .............. .
Cake dumpers, stock handlers, flour
dumpers, mixers' helpers, general
production workers .......................
Floorladies ...............................
Wrapping-machine feeders and helpers,
cake wrappers and icers, cooky and
doughnut girls, roll and bread pannera ...
General bakery helpers, c a k e ....... .
Bread and cake - Machine shops: - Continued
Agreement A: - Continued
Bread: - Continued
Helpers:
1st 3 months ..........................
4 to 9 months ........................ .
After 9 m o n t h s ................ .......
Cake:
Foremen .................................
l e a d m e n .......... ......................
Mixers ..................... .............
O v e n m e n ............... ...............
Doughnut-machine operators .......... .
Ingredient scalers ......................
Scaling-machine operators, benchmen ....
Checkers ......... ......................
Ieadwomen......... .................... .
Icing-machine operators ................
Wrapping-machine o p erators..... ........
Helpers:
1st 3 months ..........................
4 to 9 months .........................
After 9 months .......................
Female helpers (cake):
1st 3 months .........................
4 to 9 months .............. .
After 9 months .......................
Agreement B:
Bread:
Working f o r e m e n ....................... .
Mixers, ovenmen (first) ................
Ovenmen (second) .......................
Dividermen, bun-machine operators..... .
Moldermen, benchmen .....................
Wrapping-machine operators .............
Helpers:*
titader 3 m o n t h s ...... .................
3 to 9 months ................ ........
After 9 months ........................
Cake:
O v e n m e n .................................
B e n c h m e n ................................
Helpers:
Under 3 months .......... ............
3 to 9 m o n t h s .............. ..........
After 9 months ............. ........
Wrappers ................................
*1.285
1.255
1.24-5
♦1.335
1.305
1.295
1.235
1.225
1.285
1.275
1.195
1.105
1.095
1.245
1.155
1.145
1.620
1.570
1.685
1.635
1.470
1*535
1.420
1.485
1.370
1.435
1.300
1.250
1.355
1.315
1.150
1.100
1.215
1.165
1/1.235
1/1.457
1A.324
1/1.235
1/1.026
1/1.418
1A.6 6 3
1/1.529
MANCHESTER, N. H.
Bread and cake - Hand shops:
Bench hands .................................
Foremen .....................................
Mixers ......................................
O v e n m e n ............ ...................... .
Hand icers (women) .................. .......
Bread and cake - Machine shops:
Bread:
Head ovenmen, general relief ..............
M i x e r s ....... .............. ..............
Dividers ................... ............
Holders, wrappers, oven helpers ..........
Rackers, helpers ................... ......
Icers and packers (women) ................
Cake and doughnut:
Foremen (cake bakers) ....................
Ovenmen and depositors ...................
Mixers' helpers, doughnut-machine
operators ......................... .
General helpers ............... ...........
Foreladies (cake wrapping and finishing) ..
Cake decorators........... ...............
Icers .....................................
Wrapping-machine operator's ............... .
Helpers (women), doughnut packers ........
Shipping:
Head shippers .............................
Assistant shippers ................. .
Helpers .......... ........ ...........
2/1.054
1.355
1.330
1.255
1.205
1.155
1.035
1.355
1.330
1.255
1.205
1.155
1.035
1.555
1.305
1.555
1.305
1.205
1.155
1.135
1.125
1.075
1.035
.985
1.205
1.155
1.135
1.125
1.075
1.035
.985
1.355
1.205
1.155
1.355
1.205
1.155
July 1,
1951
July 1,
1952
*0.960
1.010
1.060
*1.050
1.100
1.150
1*590
1.470
1.450
1.390
1.370
1.270
1.240
1.220
1.170
1.100
1.040
1.680
1.560
1.540
1.480
1.460
1.360
1.330
1.310
1.260
1.190
1.130
.960
1.010
1.060
1.050
1.100
1.150
.880
.930
.980
.970
1.020
1.070
1.555
1.295
1.210
1.190
1.155
1.120
1.605
1.345
1.260
1.240
1.205
1.170
.820
.860
.920
.870
.910
.970
1.210
1.155
1.260
1.205
.760
.800
.860
.860
.810
.850
.910
.910
MIAMI, FLA.
Bread and cake - Machine shops:
Foremen .................................. .
Mixers, ovenmen (head) ......................
Machine operators ..........................
Shipping clerks, stockroom clerks, and
wrapping-machine operators ................
Loaders and dumpers .........................
Mixers' h e l p e r s ........... ............. .
Helpers:
Inexperienced (1st 13 weeks) .............
Experienced (after 13 weeks) .............
1.350
1.250
1.140
1.400
1.300
1.190
1.080
1.050
1.000
1.130
1.100
1.050
.810
.870
.860
.920
Ij1.570
2/1.480
2/1.570
2/1.480
MILWAUKEE, WIS.
Bread and cake - Hand shops:
F o r e m e n ..... ................. .........
First hands .......... ................... .
Benchmen:
First hands ...............................
Second hands ..............................
Third hands ........................ ......
Bread and cake - Machine shops:
Agreement A:
Working foremen ...................... ..
Mixers, ovenmen, doughnut-machine
operators, dividexmen ....................
MEMPHIS, TENN.
Bread and cake - Machine shops:
Agreement A:
Bread:
F o r e m e n .............................
Mixers, ovenmen, and leadmen ........... .
Divider operators, bun-machine operators
Molder operators, bench hands, oven
helpers, wrapping-machine operators ....
Checkers and order fillers .......... .
Bread rackers ..........................
1.750
1.470
1.360
1.840
1.560
1.450
1.310
1.260
1.170
1.370
1.260
1.400
-
1/
2/
£/
4.5-hour workweek,
4-8-hour workweek,
4.3-hour workweek.
2 1.400
\/
\!/i .300
\[/1.150
2/1.400
/
2/1.150
1.725
1.825
1.525
1.625
2 1.300
26
TAB IE 15.— Union scales of wages and hours in the baking industry, in selected cities, July 1, 1951, and July 1, 1952 - Continued
Rate per hour
City and occupation
July 1,
1951
July 1,
1952
MILWAUKEE, WIS. - Continued
1.420
1.420
1 1.540
.460
7/
$
1.525
1.525
1.435
1.315
1.315
1.025
1.035
1.885
1.635
1.575
1.525
1.405
1.335
1.535
1.475
1.275
1.065
1.530
1.530
1.470
1.370
1.250
1.250
1.040
1.050
1.535
1.510
1.450
1.250
1.060
1.635
1.635
1.535
1.535
1.475
1.475
1.275
1.635
1.535
1.475
1.275
1.065
:1/1.640
:/1.560
45-hour workweek.
Information not available for rate and hours on July 1, 1951.
42^-hour workweek.
July 1,
1951
July 1,
1952
MINNEAPOLIS, MINN.
Bread and cake - Machine shops: - Continued
Agreement A: - Continued
Depositor operators, ingredient scalers,
$
oven feeders and dumpers ( b r ead)....... .
1.425
Clerks, shipping and r e ceiving.......... .
1.425
Oven feeders and dumpers (cake), bench
hands, wrapping-machine operators,
m o l d e i m e n ................................
1.335
Bench and machine helpers ................
1.215
Miscellaneous helpers:
M a n ....................................
1.215
W o m e n ..................................
.975
Female:
Make-up icing, helpers .................
.985
Agreement B:
Working f o r e m e n ........ ..................
1.820
Mixers, shipping clerks ..................
1.570
Dividermen ...............................
1.510
Ovenmen, molders ................ .........
1.460
Wrapping-machine operators ...............
1.340
Miscellaneous helpers, shipping-room
workers ..................................
1.270
Agreement C:
Mixers, ovenmen, wrapping-machine
' operators ................................
1.420
Dividermen, moldeimen, bench hands, stockroom workers, doughnut-machine operators,
1.360
oven feeders and dumpers ................
Miscellaneous helpers:
M a n .....................................
1.160
W o m e n ...................................
.950
Agreement D:
Mixers, ovenmen, cake decorators ....... .
1.440
1.420
Wrapping-machine operators ...............
Dividermen, bench hands, doughnut-machine
operators, molders, flour dumpers, ingre
1.380
dient scalers, depositor operators .... ..
1.230
Shipping-room workers ....................
Pan greasers, bread rackers, bread panners,
1.160
auxiliary workers .......................
Miscellaneous helpers:
1.160
M a n .....................................
.960
Women ...................................
Female:
Band icere, checkers, packers, wrappers,
.960
cutters ........ .......................
Agreement E:
1.420
Wrapping-machine operators ...............
Mixers, ovenmen ...........................
Roll-machine operators, doughnut-machine
operators, bench hands, moldermen,
1.360
dividermen ...............................
Miscellaneous helpers:
1.160
Man .....................................
.950
W o m e n ...................................
Bread only - Machine shops:
1.470
Foremen .....................................
1.420
Ov e r m e n ....... .............................
1.420
Mixers ......................................
1.360
Wrapping-machine operators .................
Oven feeders and dumpers, moldermen,
1.360
dividermen........... .....................
1.360
Stockroom workers ..........................
1.160
Miscellaneous helpers (men) ................
Cake only - Machine shops:
1.470
Foremen .....................................
Mixers, ovenmen ............... ..............
1.360
Depositor operators .........................
Miscellaneous helpers:
1.360
M B n .......................................
.950
Women .....................................
Hebrew baking - Bread and cake:
/
Cake bakers, bread workers ................ .
pi
Dough mixers, b e n c h m e n .....................
1/
Rate per hour
City and occupation
Bread and cake - Band shops:
Foremen .....................................
Mixers, ovenmen, bench hands ........... .
Wrapping-machine operators .................
Helpers:
First 6 months .................. .........
Second 6 months ...................... .
Biird 6 months ...........................
Fourth 6 months ..........................
Fifth 6 months ...........................
Sixth 6 months ...........................
Female workers (finishing, icing, wrapping
and packing):
First 3 months ........................ .
Second 3 months ..........................
After 6 months ............................
After 1 y e a r .............................
Bread and cake - Machine shops:
Agreement A:
Foremen ...................................
Doughnut-machine operators ...............
Icing and batter mixers ...................
Sponge and dough mixers, oven operators
and ovenmen ..............................
Depositors, and/or drop-machine operators .
Dividers, molders, bench hand, bun-machine
operators ................................
Cake-ingredient scalers, fruit cookers,
kettle friers ............................
Traveling-oven feeders and dumpers,
doughroom men, slicing- and wrappingmachine operators .......................
Foremen (women), twisters, dough panners,
oven and bench helpers ..................
Jell- or icing-machine operators, cake
wrappers, and semiautomatic cake
wrappers .................................
Agreement B:
F o r e m e n .......... ....................... .
Mixers, ovenmen ..........................
Wrapping-machine operators ............... .
Helpers:
First 8 weeks ................ ..........
After 8 weeks ...........................
Women employees:
Finishers, wrappers, packers:
First 8 weeks .........................
After 8 w e e k s .... ....................
I
Hand shops:
Foremen, all-around cakemen ....
General cakemen, mixers, ovenmen
Bench hands, machinemen ........
Helpers, inexperienced .........
Finishers (women) ..............
Machine shops:
Foremen, all-around c a k e m e n ....
General cakemen, mixers,
ovenmen ...........
Bench hands, machinemen ........
Helpers:
First 6 months ................ .
7 - 12 months ................ .
1 years ................. .
l£ - 2 years ..................
After 2 years ................ .
C
Baking department:
Sponge mixers ........
Senior sweet mixers •..
Sweet mixers .........
Assembly sweet mixers .
Syrup mixers ..........
Assistant sweet mixers
*
1.555
1.445
1.185
.868
.9a
1.013
1.075
1.157
1.302
%
1/1.620
I/1.505
pl.240
1/ .905
.980
1/1.055
p l .130
1/ 1.200
1/1.355
.960
1.020
1.070
1.130
1.800
1.860
1.630
1.630
1.690
1.690
1.630
1.690
1.520
1.580
1.520
1.580
1.520
1.580
1.520
1.580
1.310
1.370
1.310
( 6/ )
8#
1.160
1.310
1.370
2/1.680
p i . 570
2/1.280
1.220
1.370
.960
1.020
1.060
1.320
1/1.670
1/ 1.526
pl.473
pl.072
J/1.080
pl.533
p i . 072
p i . 340
1.903
1.963
1.653
1.593
1.713
1.653
1/1.730
pi. 586
1.147
1.207
1.198
1.258
1.248
1.298
1.348
1.308
1.358
1.370
1.360
1.315
1.275
1.255
1.170
1.408
1.460
1.450
1.405
1.355
1.335
1.240
27
TABLE 15.— Union scales of wages and hours in the baking industry, in selected cities, July 1, 1951, and July 1, 1952 - Continued
Rate per hour
Rate per hour
City and occupation
July 1,
1951
July 1,
1952
Sweet department:
Oven f i r e m e n ........... .
..............
Ovenmen and machinemen ...................
Ovenmen1s helpers and relief ..............
Panmen, h a n d ................. ............
Inexperienced workers (men):
First 30 days ..........................
Second 30 days .........................
After 60 days ...........................
Icing department:
Marshmallow men:
First 30 d a y s .............. .......... .
Second 30 days .........................
Third 30 days ...........................
90 days to 180 days ....................
Experienced, after 6 m o n t h s ......... .
Floormen:
Second 30 days ..........................
90 days to 180 days ....................
Experienced, after 6 months ............
Icing-sandwich operators (women) .........
Cheekers (unmsn) _T___ T____T_______...____
Packers (chill room) .....................
Packers ...................................
Enrober operators (women) ................
Weighers and baggers .....................
Tray feeders (women) ......................
Miscellaneous girls .......................
Inexperienced workers (women):
First 30 days ...........................
Second 30 days ..........................
Third 30 days ............ ............. .
Packing department:
Wrapping-machine men ................. .
Assistant stock clerks ...................
Stockroom helpers ........................
Helpers (men):
First 30 days ...........................
Second 30 days .......................
After 60 days ...........................
Inexperienced workers (women):
First 30 days ...........................
Second 30 days ..........................
After 60 days ..........................
Case s e a l e r s ..............................
Floormen ............... ...............
Sponge packers (cartons and 1 pound
Krispies), checkers and relief (women) ...
Sponge packers .........................
Graham packers .......... ...............
Sweet packers ..........................
Carton formers, caddy stitchers,
senior (women) ........................
Bundlers ........ .................. .......
$1,450
1.430
1.315
1.310
1.260
1.260
1.200
$1,540
1.520
1.405
1.400
1.340
1.340
1.280
1.375
1.315
1.260
1.170
1.465
1.405
1.340
1.240
1.000
1.050
1.130
1.050
1.100
1.180
1.315
1.405
.990
1.040
1.080
1.120
1.170
1.040
1.090
1.130
1.170
1.240
•900
.950
1.000
1.040
1.090
1.070
1.050
1.020
1.000
.965
.910
.910
.880
•950
1.000
1.050
1.100
1.160
1.130
1.110
1.080
1.060
1.025
.970
.970
.930
.770
.810
.835
.800
.840
.870
1.280
1.275
1.225
1.360
1.355
1.305
.900
.950
1.000
.950
1.000
1.050
.770
.810
.835
1.215
1.090
.800
.840
.870
1.295
1.160
1.050
1.030
1.030
1.000
1.110
1.090
1.090
1.060
.955
.955
1.015
1.015
NEWARK, N. J.
Bread and cake - Hand shops:
Foremen, oven workers, dough mixers ........
Bench workers, second hands ...............
Third hands ..............................
Bread and cake - Machine shops:
Agreement A:
Keymen (ovenmen) .......................
Ovenmen, mixers ........................
1/
4-5-hour workweek,
48-hour workweek,
Digitized for2/FRASER
July 1,
1951
July 1,
1952
NEWARK, N. J. - Continued
MINNEAPOLIS, MINN. - Continued
Crackers and cookies: - Continued
Sponge department:
Peelers ...................................
Laminator operators, machinemen ...........
City and occupation
2/1.646
2/1.479
2/1.292
2/1.875
2/1.703
2/1.528
1.850
1.800
1.915
1.865
Bread and cake - Machine shops: - Continued
Agreement A: - Continued
Keymen (checkers, cake), molders, benchmen,
dividers, peelers, scalers, oven dumpers,
mixers’ helpers, scaler-feeders, icing
makers ........ ................. .
Roll panners ................ ..............
Keymen (wrapping-machine operators) .......
Checkers (cake) ..........................
Keymen (checkers, bread) .................
Icing-machine operators, scaler-feeders'
helpers ..................................
Checkers (bread) .........................
Flour dumpers, sifters, machine helpers,
pan greasers, cake dumpers, auxiliary
workers, packers and helpers (cake) .....
Slicers, wrappers, packers (bread) .......
Cake-wrapping-machine operators (women),
machine operators (women) ...............
leers (women) ............
Hand wrappers (women) ....................
Agreement B:
Bread department:
Dough mixers, proof-box workers, ovenmen
Pan dumpers, dividermen, molders, rollmachine operators, benchmen, machinemen, dough mixers' helpers, ingredient
scalers .........___ .......____________
Keymen (wrapping machine) ...............
Checkers ................................
Pan greasers, flour dumpers, stockmen,
bench and machine helpers ..............
Wrapping-machine helpers ...............
Bread rackers ...........................
Hand wrappers (women) ..................
Cake department:
Ingredient scalers and scaling-machine
o p erators.................... .........
Depositor operators' helpers ...........
Dumpers, grease-machine operators,
auxiliary workers .....................
Hand wrappers (women) ..................
Hebrew baking:
Foremen, o v e n m e n .... ...................... .
Second hands, mixers .......................
Bread carriers, helpers ....................
Crackers and cookies:
Doughnut-machine operators, mixers .........
Ovenmen .....................................
Icing mixers .............................
Ingredient scalers ..........................
Fork-lift operators, scaling-machine
operators................... ..............
Cake d u m p e r s ................................
Grease-machine operators, cake-wrappingmachine operators, feeders and auxiliary
workers .....T....t..T.TT.,.tI. Tn,t ■> , ,
___
Packers and he!pers
Checkers, packers (women) .................
Elevator operators .......... ....... '.... .
Porters ..................................
tTTirT11II11
$1,680
1.680
1.645
2/1.645
1.550
$1,745
1.745
1.710
1.710
1.615
1.500
1.480
1.565
1.545
1.440
1.440
1.505
1.505
1.365
1.225
1.200
1.430
1.285
1.265
1.835
1.900
1.715
1.680
1.515
1.780
1.745
1.580
1.475
1.475
1.475
1.235
1.540
1.540
1.540
1.300
1.715
1.535
1.780
1.600
1.475
1.235
1.540
1.300
1/2.200
1/2.067
1/1.400
1/2.320
5/2.200
/
1.740
1.740
1.620
1.620
1.840
1.840
1.720
1.720
1.440
1.390
1.540
1.490
1.380
1.355
1.140
1.390
1.330
1.480
1.480
1.240
1.490
1.430
1.480
1.450
1.400
1.570
1.530
1.490
1.480
1.450
1.400
1.020
1.575
1.545
1.495
1.115
1.745
1.595
1.800
1.650
1 1.520
NEW HAVEN, CONN.
Bread and cake - Hand shops:
Agreement A:
F o r e m e n ..................... .............
Assistant foremen, mixers and ovenmen ....
Benchmen ............... ............. .
Agreement B:
Foremen ...................................
Assistant foremen, mixers and ovenmen ....
Benchmen .......... T....T.,.,Tttt,T,t,T,,,
H e l p e r s ............ ..............
Bread and cake - Machine shops:
Agreement A:
Foremen ................. T.TTTTTTIttlTtt,
Dough mixers ......,..T.1T.....T.Ttt
, ,
28
TABLE 15.— Union scales of wages and hours in the baking industry, in selected cities, Judy 1, 1951, and July 1, 1952 - Continued
Rate per hour
City and occupation
July 1,
1951
July 1,
1952
Rate per hour
City and occupation
NEW HAVEN, CONN. - Continued
NEW YORK, N. Y. - Continued
Bread and cake - Machine shops: - Continued
Agreement A: - Continued
Doug): mixers' helpers, dividers, molders,
ovenmen, checkers, wrappers, head
packers ...... ........... .............
Receiving clerks, wrapping-machine helpers,
bench and machine helpers, pan rackers,
pan greasers ...................... ..
Krum girls .............................
Agreement B:
Foremen ............................. .
Dough mixers ...........................
Overmen..................... ..........
Icing mixers ................... .
Receivers, stock clerks .................
Shippers (aftar 1 year) .................
Dumpers ............... ................
Utilitymen, pan greasers ........ .......
Wrappers (women), leers (women) .........
Hebrew baking:
Foremen, ovenmen.........................
Second hands .............................
Cake and pastry - Hand shops:
First hands .................................
Second hands .............................. .
Frankfurter rolls - Hand shops:
Mixers ......................................
Ovenmen .....................................
Bench hands, packers ............ ...........
Retail - Hand shops:
First hands .................................
Second hands ...............................
Third hands ......... ........... ............
Restaurants - Hand shops:
First hands ....................... ..... .
Second hands ................................
Third hands .................................
Cafeteria - Hand shops:
First hands ................... .............
Second hands ...............................
Bread and cake - Semimachine shops:
F o r e m e n .......... ............. .............
Ovenmen, mixers ............................
Bench hands .............................. .
Packers .....................................
Bread and cake - Machine shops:
Agreement A:
Bread department:
Mixers, o v e n m e n ................. .......
Dividermen ..............................
B e n c h m e n ............ ............ .
Ingredient scalers, molder operators ....
Oven loaders and dumpers ................
Flour dumpers ..........................
Wrappers, head packers and checkers ....
General helpers ........................
Cake department:
Mixers and ovenmen .....................
Friers ..................................
Depositors ....................... .
Ingredient scalers, benchmen .............
General helpers .........................
Helpers (women) ........................
Agreement B:
Mixers ....................................
Dividers ..................................
Holders ...................................
Mixers' h e l p e r s ........... ............
Oven loaders and dumpers ............... .
Flour dumpers ............................
Checkers ..................................
Pan greasers ....... .............. .
Bakery helpers ............................
Wrapping-machine operators ...............
Agreement C:
Mixers ....................................
Dividers ....................... .
Flour dumpers ............ ................
Mixers' helpers, molders .................
Oven loaders and dumpers .................
Checkers .......... .................... .
Oven and bakery helpers, pan greasers ....
Wrapping-machine operators ................
Agreement D:
Mixers, o v e n m e n ......................... .
Dividermen................... ............
B e n c h m e n ..................................
Mixers' helpers, ingredient scalers,
molder operators .........................
Oven loaders and dumpers ..................
Head wrappers and slicers .... ............
Flour dumpers ............................ .
Checkers ..................................
General helpers ......................... .
Packers .............. .......... ..........
Agreement E:
Assistant f o r e m e n ................. .......
Dough mixers and ovenmen (bread) .........
Dough mixers (cake), cooks ...............
*1.420
W.475
1.330
1.200
1.385
1.255
1.575
1.520
1.465
1.385
1.365
1.275
1.225
.980
1.680
1.580
1.525
1.440
1.470
1.325
1.305
1.280
1.040
2 A .980
2/1.854
2.043
1.918
1.730
1.800
1.410
1.480
1.300
1.250
1.370
1.180
1.250
1.120
1.190
1.060
1.130
.890
.950
1.000
.960
1.020
1.070
1.915
1.805
1.585
1.365
1.200
1.940
1.830
1.610
1.390
1.225
2.033
1.920
1.625
1.525
2.107
1.995
1.731
1.600
1.894
1.769
1.665
1.987
1.863
1.758
2.100
1.997
1.971
1.919
1.841
1.789
2.100
1.997
1.971
1.919
2.044
1.881
1.656
2.116
1.966
1.731
1.230
NEW ORLEANS, LA.
Bread and cake - Machine shops:
Working foremen .......... ...................
Mixers, ovenmen, relief men, and shipping
foremen ....................................
Bench hands, dividermen, moldermen,
wrapping-machine operators and adjusters,
automatic-machine operators, and cakedepositor operators .............. .
Ingredientmen...............................
Fanners, flour blenders, mixer helpers,
stock clerks, ahipping-and-receiving clerks,
and c h e c k e r s.......................... .
Cake-slicing-machine operators, doughnut
glasers and enrobers ......................
Wrapping-machine feeders, off bearers, and
bread pan greasers .........................
Bread rackers, cake leers, cake pan
greasers, crumb packers, set-off men,
wrappers, and miscellaneous helpers:.......
1st 2 months .............................
2d 2 m o n t h s ..... .........................
After A months ............................
1.320
NEW YORK, N. I.
Bread and cake - Hand shops:
Agreement A:
First hands, oven workers (foremen)......
Second hands ..............................
Helpers ...................................
Shippers and packers .....................
Shippers and packers (women) .............
Agreement B :
First hands, oven workers, mixers ........
Second h a n d s ...... ................ .......
Helpers ............ ......................
Packers (men and women) .........
Agreement Ct
F o r e m e n .................... ............. .
Bench and second hands ............... ..
Third hands ............................ .
Agreement D:
First hands, oven workers, m i x e r s .........
Second hands ..............................
Wrapping-machine operators ...............
Oven loaders and dumpers .................
Helpers ...................................
Miscellaneous workers ....................
Agreement E:
First hands, oven workers, mixers ........
Second hands ............... ..............
Helpers ...................................
2/
^ 8-hour workweek,
1.8a
1.789
July 1,
1951
July 1,
1952
*2.338
2.132
*2.356
2.156
1.990
1.960
1.620
1.990
1.960
1.620
2/2.125
2/2.000
2/1.625
2/2.125
2/2.000
2/1.625
2/2.475
2/2.275
%/1.875
2/2.475
2/2.275
2/L.970
2/2.325
2/1.975
2/2.420
1/1.975
2.000
1.820
1.700
1.340
2.080
1.900
1.780
1.420
1.735
1.645
1.635
1.585
1.555
1.535
1.505
1.495
1.795
1.705
1.695
1.645
1.615
1.595
1.565
1.555
1.715
1.615
1.615
1.615
1.465
1.260
1.795
1.795
1.705
1.695
1.555
1.320
1.735
1.645
1.633
1.590
1.555
1.535
1.528
1.495
1.495
1.465
1.795
1.705
1.693
1.650
1.615
1.595
1.588
1.555
1.555
1.525
1.765
1.645
1.605
1.585
1.555
1.505
1.495
1.465
1.825
1.705
1.665
1.645
1.615
1.565
1.555
1.525
1.735
1.635
1.635
1.795
1.660
1.660
1.585
1.585
1.505
1.535
1.505
1.465
1.465
1.645
1.645
1.615
1.595
1.565
1.555
1.525
1.763
1.733
1.725
1.833
1.803
1.795
29
TABLE 15.— Union scales of wages and hours in the baking industry, in selected cities, July 1, 1951, and July 1, 1952 - Continued
Rate per hour
City and occupation
July 1,
1951
July 1,
1952
Rate per hour
City and occupation
NEW YORK, N. Y. - Continued
NEW YORK, N. Y. - Continued
Bread and cake - Machine shops: - Continued
Agreement E: - Continued
Muffin platemen .........................
Jelly doughnut-machine operators....... .
Dividermen..............................
Bench hands .............................
Dough mixers1 helpers and ingredient
scalers (cake) .........................
Head checkers ............................
Flour dumpers ...........................
Doughnut-machine helpers ........ ........
Scaling-machine helpers .................
Bread checkers, wrapping-machine operators
Shop helpers (bread) ....................
Packers and helpers ................. ..
Agreement F:
M i x e r s ..... .............................
Tray-oven operators .....................
Oven operators ............... ............
Icing makers ............................. ,
D i v idermen.............................. .
Oven helpers .............................
Depositors, blenders ........... .......
Dough brake operators ................. ...
Bing makers ..............................
Benchmen, scalers, kitchen operators,
finishers ................................
Mixers' helpers ...........................
Packers and c h e c k e r s........ ...........
Pan greasers ..............................
Foremen (women) ..........................
General helpers (women) .............. ....
Agreement G (cakes, pies, cookies):
Overmen, mixers ...........................
Benchmen, icing makers, cookers ..........
Checkers ..................................
Sweet-yeast m e n ..... ............ .........
Packers and flo o r m e n..... ......
Bake-shop helpers ........................
Wrappers and icers (women) ...............
Agreement H:
Overmen, doughmixers ............... ......
Dough scalers ........................... .
Icing makers ..............................
Ingredient scalers ............ ............
Oven feeders and dumpers .................
C h e c k e r s .... .............................
General helpers ...........................
Women workers ......... .................. .
Agreement I:
Bread department:
O v e r m e n .................... ............
Mixers ..................................
Dividers, molders, oven helpers, panners,
benchmen, general helpers .............
Mixers' helpers ........................
Cake department:
Mixers .................. .............. .
Overmen, icing mixers, icers,
decorators ...... ............... .
B e n c h m e n .............................. .
Doughnut men, decorators' helpers,
oven helpers ........................ ..
Icers ( women)...........................
Wrappers, fruit-room w o r k e r s ....... .
Pan washers ........... .................
Agreement J:
F o r e m e n ...................................
Dough mixers, overmen .......... .
Dividermen.............. ................ .
Benchmen ..................................
Miscellaneous workers .....................
Agreement K (bread and doughnuts):
Mixers and head overmen ..................
Dividers ..................................
Mixers* helpers ..........................
Molders ...................................
Oven feeders ..............................
Oven dumpers ..............................
General helpers, pan greasers ........... .
Flour dumpers ............................ .
Bread and cake - Machine shops: - Continued
Agreement K (bread and doughnuts): - Continued
Machine cleaners .............. ...........
Checkers ........................... .
Hand wrappers and packers ................
Agreement L:
Oven tenders .............. ...............
Mixers ....................................
Dividermen....................... ........
Banners ...................................
Oven helpers, blenders .......... ..........
Checkers ..................................
Flour handlers, flo o n n e n .................
Bread wrappers ............. ..............
Agreement M:
Mixers
............. ................. .
Belief m i x e r s .............................
O v e r m e n ........................... .......
D i v i d e r s............... ..................
Molders, mixers' helpers, ingredient scalers
Oven loaders and dumpers ..................
Key s l i c e r s .............. ................
Flour dumpers ............................
Checkers ..................................
Slicers, wrappers and packers ............
Agreement N:
Bread department:
Mixers, overmen .......... ..............
Benchmen, dividermen................. .
Molder operators, mixers' helpers ......
Oven feeders and dumpers, pan greasers ..
Flour dumpers ................... .......
Checkers, head slicers .................
Helpers ............... .................
Wrappers (restaurant)........... .......
Packers ............................ .
Cake department:
Mixers, o v e r m e n ................ ........
Depositors, dough scalers ........ ......
Ingredient scalars .....................
Icing mixers ...........................
General helpers (male) .................
Packers .................................
Wrappers and packers (women) ...........
Agreement 0:
Head o v e r m e n .... .........................
Mixers ....................................
Dividermen (bread) ...................... .
Dividermen (rolls) .......................
Molder operators (bread) ..................
Mixers' helpers, ingredient scalers ......
Rcundermen (rolls) .......................
Flour dumpers, bread wrappers ............
General helpers (male) ....................
Packers ...................................
Helpers (women) .............. .............
Agreement P:
F o r e m e n ...................................
Ovenmen, mixers ............ .
Bench hands ..............................
Helpers ...................................
Agreement Q:
Mixers, benchmen, o v e n m e n ................
Second class packers, helpers ............
Third class packers ......................
Pie and pastry shops:
Agreement A:
Foremen ...................................
First hands ...............................
Second hands, mixers .....................
Third hands ................ ..............
Agreement B:
Rotary-oven operators ....................
Dough mixers, traveling-oven operators,
kitchen-oven operators ...................
Kitchen helpers, dry mixers ....... .......
Dough mixers helpers, machine operators,
general helpers, dough breakers, travel
ing-oven loaders, traveling-oven
unloaders ...............................
Helpers (women) ..........................
*1.658
1.655
1.635
1.625
$1,728
1.725
1.705
1.695
1.575
1.528
1.525
1.520
1.508
1.488
1.485
1.438
1.645
1.598
1.595
1.590
1.578
1.558
1.555
1.508
1.670
1.675
1.635
1.600
1.605
1.605
1.580
1.590
1.575
1.770
1.765
1.745
1.705
1.685
1.680
1.675
1.675
1.665
1.565
1.585
1.465
1.460
1.460
1.245
1.645
1.545
1.540
1.520
1.315
1.585
1.485
1.395
1.385
1.355
1.345
1.110
1.585
1.485
1.395
1.385
1.355
1.345
1.110
1.735
1.585
1.635
1.595
1.555
1.545
1.495
1.260
1.795
1.705
1.695
1.645
1.615
1.605
1.555
1.320
1.740
1.690
1.810
1.760
1.590
1.440
1.660
1.510
1.660
1.690
1.765
1.590
1.485
1.660
1.555
1.445
1.405
1.265
1.235
1.515
1.475
1.335
1.305
2.180
1.940
1.885
1.830
1.220
2.230
1.990
1.935
1.880
1.303
1.735
1.645
1.633
1.627
1.589
1.570
1.537
1.535
1.795
1.705
1.693
1.687
1.649
1.630
1.597
1.595
July 1,
1951
July 1,
1952
♦1.524
1.505
1.447
♦1.584
1.565
1.525
1.740
1.680
1.630
1.580
1.576
1.560
1.530
1.510
1.800
1.740
1.690
1.640
1.638
1.620
1.590
1.570
1.743
1.743
1.743
1.645
1.585
1.555
1.465
1.535
1.538
1.465
1.808
1.803
1.795
1.705
1.645
1.615
1.608
1.595
1.565
1.525
1.735
1.645
1.585
1.555
1.555
1.505
1.495
1.475
1.465
1.795
1.705
1.645
1.615
1.595
1.565
1.555
1.535
1.525
1.735
1.645
1.645
1.635
1.495
1.465
1.260
1.795
1.705
1.695
1.695
1.535
1.525
1.785
1.735
1.685
1.668
1.610
1.585
1.560
1.535
1.485
1.485
1.310
1.845
1.795
1.745
1.728
1.670
1.645
1.620
1.595
1.555
1.545
1.370
2.140
1.940
1.840
1.740
2.170
1.970
1.870
1.770
1.725
1.325
1.225
1.800
1.400
1.300
1.875
1.700
1.575
1.475
2.130
1.955
1.830
1.730
1.475
1.475
1.470
1.375
1.470
1.375
1.275
1.100
1.275
1.100
1.320
30
TABLE 1$.— Union scales of wages and hours in the baking industry, in selected cities, July 1, 1951, and July 1, 1952 - Continued
Rate per hour
Bate per hour
City and occupation
July 1,
1951
July 1,
1952
H/.
4.5-hour
4.8-hour
%
1.615
1.615
1.608
1.425
1.685
1.515
1.465
1.418
1
1.803
1.795
1.728
1.725
1.710
1.695
1.645
1.578
1.650
1.550
1.430
1.400
1.380
1.200
1.170
1.690
1.590
1.470
1.440
1.420
1.240
1.220
2.825
1.725
1.325
2.900
1.800
1.400
1.225
1.300
4/2.268
4/2.125
4/1.696
4/2.368
4/2.245
4/1.796
1/2.125
1/1.992
1/1.592
1/2.225
i/2.092
1/1.692
2/2.500
2/2.438
2/2.375
2/2.625
2/2.563
2/2.500
1/2.286
1/2.143
1/1.643
4/2.403
4/2.250
4/1.750
2/2.133
2/2.000
1/2.233
1/2.100
2/1.894
1/1.769
2/1.665
2/1.988
1/1.863
1/1.759
2.244
2.ia
2.081
1.919
2.244
2.181
2.081
1.919
2.168
2.106
2.006
1.781
2.243
.ia
2.081
1.856
1.980
1.880
1.980
1.880
1.820
1.700
1/1.900
1/1.780
1.766
1.719
1.671
2.304
2.257
2.209
2
workweek,
workweek,
42-hour workweek.
Information not available for rate and hours on July 1, 1951.
y
July 1,
1951
July 1,
1952
NEW YORK, N. Y. - Continued
NEW YORK, N. Y. - Continued
Pie and pastry shops: - Continued
Doughnuts only:
Agreement A:
M i x e r s ............ •...........
Cruller friers, cooks ........ .
P l a t e m e n..................... .
Doughnut-machine operators .....
Dividermen ...................
B enchmen..................... .
Ingredient scalers ...........
Helpers ......................
Agreement B:
Foremen .......................
Machine operators ............
Foremen (women) ..............
Shippers, helpers ............
Assistant foremen (women) ....
Packers (over 1 year) .........
Packers (less then 1 year) ....
Agreement C:
Foremen ......................
Bench hands ..................
Packers, helpers .............
Checkers, packers, wrappers
(women) .....................
Hebrew baking - Machine shops:
Agreement A:
First hands ....................
Second hands ...................
Helpers ........................
Agreement B:
First hands ....................
Second hands ...................
Helpers ........................
Hebrew baking - Hand shops:
Agreement A:
Foremen, first hands ...........
Swingmen, jobbers .... ..........
Second hands, third hands ......
Agreement B:
First hands, ovenmen ...........
Second hands ...................
Third hands ....................
Agreement C:
First hands, ovenmen ...........
Second hands ...................
Agreement D :
Ovenmen, mixers ................
Bench hands ....................
Third hands ....................
Agreement E:
Large shops:
Foremen, first hands .........
Mixers, ovenmen ..............
Second hands ..................
Helpers in traveling-oven shops
Small shops:
Foremen, first hand ..........
Mixers, ovenmen ............
Second hands .................
Helpers ......................
Bohemian baking - Hand shops:
Dough mixers, o v e n m e n ............ .
Be nchmen......................... .
French baking:
Bread:
Agreement A:
Day work:
First hands, mixers, ovenmen .
Bench hands, 2d h a n d s ...... .
Agreement B:
Day work:
F o r e m e n .................... .
Second hands ................
Third hands .................
City and occupation
Italian baking:
Day work:
First hands ..............................
Second hands .............................
Scandinavian baking:
F o r e m e n .......... ............. .............
Second hands ................................
Bench hands ................................
Helpers .....................................
Crackers and cookies:
Agreement A:
Packers ...................................
Packers (women) ..........................
Agreement B:
Beltmen ...................................
Mixers, all items ........................
Head f l o u r m e n...... .............. ........
Bakers ....................................
Icing and sugar mixers ...................
Flour dumpers ............................
Batter mixers ............................
Cutters, washers, plate setters ..........
Fig and jam mixers, marshmallow beaters ...
Mixers' helpers, all items ...............
Grinders, cheese and crackers ............
Mixers' helpers ..........................
Icing and sugar mixers' helpers ..........
Flour dumpers' helpers ...................
Flourmen ..................................
Broken m e n ....... ........................
Bake-shop utilitymen .....................
Bake-shop general helpers ................
Checkers, utility ........................
Plate feeders, sugar wafers ..............
Packers, sugar w a f e r s .......... ..........
Women employees:
Feeders and weight girls ...............
Weighers and checkers ..................
Sample-room girls ......................
General helpers ........................
Agreement C:
Assembly department:
Assemblymen, h e a d ................ ......
Fig-jam mixers .........................
Assemblymen, general .................. .
Meal grinders and assemblers ............
Floormen ...............................
Baking department:
Machine captains (sweet and sponge) ....
Peelers ................................
Cuttermen ..............................
Mixers .................................
Bakers, mixers' helpers, rollermen .....
Cracker-meal grinders ..................
Floormen ...............................
Utilitymen .............................
Nabisco department:
Head fillers and batter mixers .........
Machine captains .......................
Filler mixers ..........................
Plate setters ..........................
Assemblymen, batter mixers, meal
grinders, and assemblers, spreaders
and trimmers ..........................
Machine operators and packers ..........
General help (women) ...................
Icing department:
Chocolate temperers ....................
Mixers .................................
Checkers and floormen ..................
Superintendents (women) and tally clerks
Hand bundlers, machine operators (women)
and weight girls ......................
Icing-machine operators, packers .......
General help (women) ...................
t
2/1.596
1/1.346
$
2/2.134
2/1.884
2/1.896
1/1.792
2/1.708
i/l.375
2/1.896
2/1.792
2/1.708
2/1.375
.925
.800
1.000
.850
1.690
(6/)
1.580
1.540
1.530
1.505
1.495
1.480
1.455
(6/)
1.430
1.455
1.410
1.405
1.390
1.370
1.345
1.320
1.185
1.150
1.150
1.745
1.655
1.630
1.595
1.580
1.560
1.550
1.530
1.510
1.510
1.485
1.465
1.465
1.460
1.445
1.420
1.400
1.375
1.240
1.215
1.205
1.125
1.125
(6/)
1.050
1.180
1.180
1.135
1.105
1.459
1.520
1.359
1.465
1.410
1.675
1.585
1.560
1.525
1.470
1.660
1.660
1.605
1.575
1.550
1.440
1.410
1.355
1.730
1.730
1.675
1.640
1.615
1.500
1.470
1.415
1.575
1.575
1.520
1.495
1.640
1.640
1.585
1.560
1.465
1.245
1.190
1.525
1.295
1.240
1.575
1.520
1.410
1.300
1.640
1.585
1.470
1.355
1.245
1.220
1.190
1.295
1.270
1.240
31
TABLE 15.— Union scales of wages and hours in the baking industry, in selected cities, July 1, 1951, and July 1, 1952 - Continued
Rate per hour
Rate per hour
City and occupation
July 1,
1951
July 1,
1952
Inspectors (women) .....................
Weight g i r l s ......... ..................
Bundlers, hand and packers .............
General help (women) ...................
1,440
$
1.410
1.355
1.300
1.275
1.245
1.190
$1,500
1.470
1.415
1.355
1.330
1.295
1.240
1.370
1.340
1.270
1.190
1.170
1.430
1.400
1.330
1.250
1.230
1.120
1.110
1.070
1.040
1.180
1.170
1.130
1.100
.990
.840
1.050
.900
NORFOLK, VA.
Bread and cake - Machine shops:
Checkers ...................................
Oven supervisors ...........................
Truck loaders ..............................
Wrapping-machine setters ...................
Molder operators, divider operators, and
roll-machine operators ....................
Oven feed and delivery .....................
Flour blenders ..............................
Mixers’ helpers, wrapping-machine feeders ...
Bakery helpers, pan greasers, molder
operators' helpers, and bread packers .....
OAKLAND, CALIF.
Bread - Hand shops:
Foremen, o v e r m e n ..................... ......
Bench hands .................................
Pan cleaners ...............................
Bread and cake - Machine shops:
Foremen, dough mixers, ovenmen ........__ ...
Dividers, molders, roll-machine operators ...
Crackers and cookies:
Agreement A:
Mixing supervisors, mixers .............. .
Ovenmen ................................ .
Laminator men .............................
Mixers' helpers, after 9 months ..........
Icing-machine hand mixers ................
Wax- and cellophane-machine operators ....
Enrobermen ................................
Icing helpers ............................
Women assemblers .........................
Flour dumpers ............................
Dough feeders ............................
Floormen:
First month ............................
Second m o n t h ........................ .
Third month ............................
After 3 months .........................
Women supervisors, working ...............
Women tally clerks ..................... .
Women machine-carton formers, packagemachine operators ........................
Sugar-wafer oven girls ...................
Scalers and weighers (women) .............
Filling-machine operators (women) ........
Sponge packers, wrappers, bundle weighers
and carton formers ......................
Sweet packers ............................
Agreement B:
Ovenmen, machinemen, mixers ..............
Mixers' helpers ..........................
Cellophane- or wax-wrapping-machine
operators ................................
Floorwomen..... ..........................
Icing women, sweet packers ...............
Agreement C:
Cutting machinemen .......................
Helpers, after 9 months ................
6/
8/
2.000
1.830
1.130
2.075
1.905
1.205
8/2.145
8/2.055
8/2.395
5/2.155
1.870
1.800
1.710
1.700
1.630
1.620
1.630
1.580
1.430
1.370
1.370
1.870
1.800
1.710
1.700
1.630
1.620
1.630
1.580
1.430
1.370
1.370
1.210
1.260
1.320
1.370
1.240
1.230
1.210
1.260
1.320
1.370
1.240
1.230
1.210
1.170
1.140
1.230
1.210
1.170
1.140
1.230
1.140
1.140
1.140
1.140
1.920
1.730
1.920
1.730
1.695
1.300
1.175
1.695
1.300
1.175
(6/)
(6/)
1.920
1.700
Information not available for rate and hours on July 1, 1951
37^-hour workweek.
July 1,
1951
July 1,
1952
OAKLAND, CALIF. - Continued
NEW YORK, N. Y. - Continued
Crackers and cookies: - Continued
Agreement C: - Continued
Packing department:
Cracker meal-machine operators .........
Checkers and floormen ..................
City and occupation
Crackers and cookies: - Continued
Agreement C: - Continued
Relief men, ovenmen and mixers ...........
Helpers:
Oven operators, after 3 months .......
Mixers and sweet oven ..........1......
Wrap machine set-up men ..................
Helpers ................................
Icing-machine m e n ............. ...........
Helpers ................................
Dough dumpers ............................
Floormen .................................
Women:
Foreladies .............................
Apprentices, first 2 m o n t h s ........... .
Experienced help, after second month ....
(§/)
$1,870
H I
(6/)
(6/)
1.800
1.700
1.690
1.480
1.630
1.580
1.573
1.450
H I
(6/)
(6/)
1.400
1.035
1.175
$1,675
1.525
1.740
1.590
1.425
1.400
1.490
1.465
.975
1.10Q
1.175
1.040
1.165
1.240
1.375
1.275
1.250
1.440
1.340
1.315
1.175
1.240
.975
1.100
1.175
1.040
1.165
1.240
1.300
1.200
1.365
1.265
1.175
1.075
1.240
1.140
.900
.950
.965
1.015
1.640
1.600
1.500
1.430
1.410
1.400
1.320
1.730
1.690
1.590
1.520
1.100
1.130
1.200
1.200
1.150
1.090
1.190
1.220
1.290
1.290
1.240
1.190
W X
(6/)
H X
(6/)
OKLAHOMA CITY, O K U .
Bread and cake - Machine shops:
Baking department:
F o r e m e n .......... ........................
Dough mixers, ovenmen, icing mixers ......
Cough mixers' assistants, bench and
machinemen, cake-depositor operators,
loaders and dumpers .....................
Scalers ..................... .............
Helpers:
1st 6 months ...........................
2d 6 months ............................
After 1 year ............................
Wrapping department and miscellaneous:
Foremen .................................
Wrapping-machine operators .............
Checkers ...............................
Flour dumpers, clerks (store or stale
room) ................... ...........____
Inexperienced wrapping-room helpers,
bread handlers, packers, pan greasers
cake, pan washers, and cake dumpers:
1st 6 months .........................
2d 6 months ..................... ......
After 1 year ..........................
Cake department, female workers:
Foreladies, first ......................
Foreladies, second .....................
Wrappers, cake fillers, cake icers,
cake cutting-machine operators ........
Icers, hand wrappers, labelers, boxers ..
New girls:
1st 90 days ..........................
After 90 days ........................
OMAHA, NEBR.
Bread and cake - Machine shops:
Working foremen ............................
Cake decorators .............. ...........
Dough mixers, ovenmen, cake m i x e r s .........
Benchmen ....................................
Machinemen............................. tT_t
Ingredient scalers .........................
Dough-room helpers, checkers, oven dumpers ..
Bake-shop helpers and packers:
Starting rate ............................
After 6 months ............................
After 1 year .............................
Stockmen ...................................
Coolermen, wrapping-machine operators (women)
Pan gre a s e r s....................... ........
Women cake icing-machine operators, twisters
and panners ................... .............
Wrappers, icers, packers (women):
Starting rate ............................
After 6 m o n t h s ................ ...........
After 1 year .............................
1.500
1.490
1.410
1.090
1.180
.960
.980
1.010
1.050
1.070
1.100
32
TAB IE 15.— Union scales of wages and hours in the baking industry, in selected cities, July 1, 1951, and July 1, 1952 - Continued
Rate per hour
City and occupation
July 1,
1951
July 1,
1952
Pie and pastry shops*
Fie mixers ..................................
Working foremen (women) ................ .
Fruit cookers ...............................
Miscellaneous helpers .................. .
Pie fillers and wrappers ...................
Crackers and cookies:
Baking department:
Machine captains ........................ .
$1,450
1.280
1.320
1.090
1.010
$1,540
1.370
1.410
1.180
1.100
1.450
1.360
1.340
1.270
1.500
1.450
1.410
1.390
1.320
1.250
1.300
1.390
1.340
1.305
1.440
1.390
1.355
1.250
1.300
1.350
1.070
1.030
1.120
1.080
1.290
1.260
1.340
1.310
1.290
1.270
1.195
1.140
1.070
1.030
1.340
1.320
1.240
1.190
1.120
1.080
1.330
1.250
1.380
1.300
2A.490
2A.365
2A.302
2/ .955
2/1.490
2/1.365
/L
2/ .955
1.770
1.850
1.640
1.720
1.400
Reliefmen.................................
Edgers, drawmen ..........................
Pan loaders, take-out men, pan feeders and
greasers ...............................
Mixing department:
Sponge setters, assemblymen............ .
Mixers' helpers, assemblers' helpers,
utility mixers and helpers, flour dumpers
Icing department:
Machinemen, mixers ............... ........
Relief girls ..............................
Women helpers ............................
Shipping department:
Head stockmen, head-car loaders, head-load
assemblymen, checkers, labelers .........
Order f i l l e r s .... ........................
Packing department:
Machine operators .......... ..............
Machine operators* helpers ...... .........
Paper-cutting-machine operators ..........
("lasers .............. .
Reliefwomen...............................
Women helpers ............................
Raceiving-and-storage department:
Head stockmen .............................
H e l p e r s ..... ............................ .
1.400
PEORIA, ILL.
Bread and cake - Hand shops:
l t T i t t t > t I I . r - T t - T T T T - ___ T. r - - - - __ -*r
O v e r m e n ............. .......................
, Ttt Tt Tr T rT TT T ... T TT . . . . ............
Hand icers (women).........................
Bread and cake - Machine shops:
Foremen .....................................
Overmen, spongers, oven loaders and dumpers,
ingredientmen .............................
Benchmen, machine operators, dividermen,
molders, roll-machine operators, twisters,
bread panners .............................
Shipping clerks ............................
Men workers:
Wrapping-machine set-up operators ........
Bake-shop helpers ........................
Wrapping-machine feeders and take-off men .
Wrappers ..................................
Hand wrappers (women) ......................
2 .302
1.570
4/1.370
1.650
4A.450
4/1.370
/I. O
4/1.200
4A.190
4/1.140
4A.450
*4 A . 3 3 0
4/1.450
4A.270
4/1.220
4
25
PHILADELPHIA, PA.
Bread and cake - Machine shops:
Agreement A:
Head o v e r m e n ..............................
Cake decorators, peel-overmen .................
Dough mixers, icing mixers ...............
Traveling-oven feeders and deliverymen . . . .
Bench and machinemen, steam-box tenders,
ingredient scalers ...............................
Route packers, pastry packers, bread
wrappers and packers ............................
Mixers' helpers, dough punchers ..............
Flour pilers, dumpers, baking helpers,
it j t t
... ........
Wrappers, icers (women) ...................
2/
y
43-hour workweek,
42-hour workweek,
July 1,
1951
July 1,
1952
PHILADELPHIA, PA. - Continued
OMAHA, NEBR. - Continued
p*n
Rate per hour
City and occupation
1.670
1.595
1.575
1.505
2.025
1.845
1.845
1.845
1.530
1.745
1.445
1.480
1.745
1.655
1.365
1.080
1.540
1.255
Bread and cake - Machine shops: - Continued
Agreement B:
Tray- and traveling-oven supervisors,
oil-ovenmen, reel- and rotary-overmen,
mixers, icing makers ....................
Tray- and traveling-oven feeders,
delivery m e n ..... .......................
Bench hands, machine operators, steam-box
tenders, depositor operators, ingredient
scalers ..................................
Mixers' helpers ..........................
Flour blenders ........ ..................
Wrapping-machine operators, route packers .
Reel-oven helpers, bakery helpers, bench
helpers, oven helpers, depositor helpers,
wrappers, pilers, handlers, roll baggers
and wrappers, pan greasers ............. .
Floor ladies ................ ...........«...
Wrappers and icers (women) ...............
Agreement C:
Head b e n c h m e n .............................
Traveling-oven operators, tray-oven
operators ................................
Mixers, head-cake decorators, inventory
s t o c k m e n ........... .....................
Steam-box tenders ........................
Oven feeders, deliverymen............... .
Divider operators, moldermen, greasingmachine operators, icing-machine
operators, depositor operators, roll
dividers, ingredient scalers, benchmen,
doughnut friers, filling cooks ..........
Working supervisors (women) ..............
Mixers' helpers ..........................
Selectors, flour blenders, assemblers,
wrapping-machine operators ..............
Rack and pan washing-machine operators ....
Cake cutters ... ........
General baking helpers, pan greasers, pan
washers, machine helpers, dumpers, rolls
and sweet-goods washers, roll panners,
rackers, pan feeders, bread packers,
carton makers, Vienna and rye cutters,
depositor helpers ......... ..............
Hand icers, cake rackers, doughnut-tray
packers (women) .........................
Pan liners, cake hand wrappers, roll
packers (women) .........................
Agreement D:
Working foremen ........ ..................
Dough mixers, overmen, ingredient
scalers ..................................
B e n c h m e n ..... ............................
Depositor operators, icing-machine
operators, cutting-machine operators,
wrapping-machine operators ..............
Pan greasers' helpers ....................
Floorladies ...............................
Wrappers and icers (women) ...............
Pie and pastry shops:
Agreement A:
Working foremen ..........................
Mixers, ovenmen, first hands .............
Second hands ............................ .
Packers ...................................
Third hands ..............................
Agreement B:
Working f o r e m e n ................................... .
Head order packers, ovenmen, cooks, dough
mixers, custard mixers .........................
Floorladies ..........................................
Order packers, ingredient scalers ...........
Cooks' helpers, ovenmens' helpers ....... .
Toppers and fillers ...............................
Pie makers, shell makers ........................
Dish washers, helpers, wrappers,
utilitymen and cleaners ..................... ..
Pie wrappers, crown makers ...............
U
$1,545
$1,685
1.495
1.635
1.455
1.420
1.395
1.395
1.595
1.560
1.535
1.535
1.290
1.155
1.055
1.435
1.295
1.195
1.730
1.850
1.655
1.775
1.645
1.605
1.595
1.765
1.725
1.715
1.555
1.540
1.525
1.675
1.660
1.645
1.495
1.470
1.460
1.615
1.590
1.580
1.410
1.530
1.205
1.325
1.165
1.285
1.450
1.550
1.350
1.210
1.450
1.310
1.210
1.050
.940
.900
1.310
1.150
1.040
1.000
1.730
1.630
1.540
1.455
1.375
1.880
1.780
1.690
1.595
1.525
1.600
1.700
1.500
1.350
1.300
1.600
1.450
1.400
1.300
1.200
1.200
1.400
1.300
1.300
1.100
.950
1.200
1.050
33
TABLE 15.— Union scales of wages and hours in the baking industry in selected cities, July 1, 1951, and July 1, 1952 - Continued
Rate per hour
City and occupation
July 1,
1951
July 1,
1952
PHILADELPHIA, PA. - Continued
Hebrew baking:
Bread and cake:
Foremen, oven hands .....................
Second hands, dough mixers ..............
Third hands, helpers .... ................
Fourth hands ............................
Cake only:
Foremen, o v e n m e n ........................
Second hands, dough mixers ........ ......
Auxiliary workers .......................
Crackers and cookies:
Agreement A:
Sponge and sweet baking:
Machine captains ......................
Mixers ......................... .......
Bakers, reel or travel ................
Rollermen ..............................
Ovenmen, reel ..........................
Mixers' helpers ........................
Ovenmen, gas ..........................
Pan feeders (fast) ....................
Dough feeders .................. .......
Nabisco department:
Mixers, bakers, machine adjustors ......
Grinders, mixers' helpers, spreaders
and trimmers .........................
Floormen ...............................
Packing-and-icing department:
Pin-trolley operators ...... ...........
Tally clerks ..........................
Su p p l y m e n............... ..............
Cutting-machine operators .............
Pan dumpers (fast) .................. .
Machine set-up men, paste makers and
icing mixers' helpers ................ .
S t o c k m e n ........................... ....
Pan dumpers (slow), Ritz baking machineoperators and t a l l y m e n ................
Scalers and weighers (male) ............
Floormen ...............................
Women employees:
Working supervisors ..................
General packers ......................
First class packers ..................
Second class packers .................
Agreement B:
Mixing department:
Dough mixers, mixers' assemblers ........
Assemblers ..............................
Dough mixers' helpers, assemblers*
helpers ...............................
Mixing-room helpers .................... .
Bake house:
Machinemen .............................
Ovenmen .................................
Dough rollers ................. .........
Reliefmen ........ ......................
Sheetermen............ .................
Bake-house helpers ......................
Stockroom packing materials:
Supervisors .............................
Loaders .................................
Conveyors and putting away stock .......
Icing, wrapping, and packing department:
Set-up mechanics .......... .............
Supervisors .............................
Machinemen .............................
Conveyor set-up m e n ....................
Icing mixers .......................... .
Wrapping-department helpers ............
Supervisors (women) ....................
General h e l p .......................... .
list girls ................. ............
2/
/
/
July 1,
1951
July 1,
1952
PHILADELPHIA, PA, - Continued
*
2/1.940
2/1.880
gA.750
2/1.320
%
2/1.940
2/1.880
2/1.750
i/l.320
1.356
1.222
1.000
1.356
1.222
1.000
Crackers and cookies: - Continued
Agreement B: - Continued
Icing, wrapping, and packing
department: - Continued
Miscellaneous packing-rocm helpers
(women), icing-roc® helpers, magazine
feeders (wcmen), packers, bundlers,
weighers, stitchers, inspectors,
stitching-m&chine operators, sugarers,
baggers and crimpers of lady fingers,
machine operators, hand-carton formers
♦
*
1.210
1.260
PHCENIX, ARIZ.
1.630
1.600
1*575
1.495
1.475
1.465
1.450
1.410
1.375
1.700
1.670
1.640
1.560
1.535
1.525
1.510
1.470
1.435
1.515
1.580
1.410
1.375
1.470
1.435
1.630
1.495
1.465
1.460
1.450
1.700
1.560
1.525
1.520
1.510
1.410
1.385
1.470
1.445
1.355
1.340
1.330
1.415
1.395
1.385
1.300
1.230
1.200
1.165
1.355
1.280
1.250
1.215
1.600
1.495
1.670
1.560
1.465
1.380
1.525
1.440
1.600
1.545
1.495
1.480
(6/)
1.380
1.670
1.610
1.560
1.545
1.470
1.440
1.735
1.495
1.380
1.810
1.560
1.440
(6/)
W )
1.600
(6/)
1.520
1.450
1.430
(6/)
(5/)
1.870
1.860
1.670
1.630
1.585
1.515
1.490
1.440
1.340
48 -hour workweek.
44 -hour workweek.
Information not available for rate and hours on July 1, 1951.
Rate per hour
City and occupation
Bread and cake - Hand shops:
Foremen .............................. .....«.
Mixers, ovenmen ............................
Machine and bench hands ............... .
Wrapping-machine operators......... ........
Pan washers and greasers ...................
Hand wrappers:
First 6 m o n t h s .... .......................
Next 6 months .............................
Thereafter ...............................
Bread and cake - Machine shops:
Baking department:
F o r e m e n ...................................
Dough mixers, ovenmen ................ .
Machinemen, bench hands ................ .
Pan washers, etc. ..................... .
Wrapping department:
Foremen ...................................
Machine operators ........................
Machine helpers:
First 3 months .........................
Second 3 months ........................
Thereafter.................... .........
Flour dumpers .......... ..............
2/1.680 2A.730
2/ 1. 470 2/ 1.620
JA.470
2/1.620
2/1.300 2/1.360
2A.040
2 / .920
.990
2A«040
2A.150
1.890
1.945
1.780
1.830
1.650
1.130
1.705
1.185
1.600
1.655
1.545
1.490
1.070
1.130
1.240
1.240
1.3251.185
1.295
1.295
PITTSBURGH, PA.
Bread and cake - Hand shops:
Foremen ............ .........................
Dough mixers ................................
B e n c h m e n ....... ............................
Ovenmen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Helpers .....................................
Wrappers and leers .........................
Bread and cake - Machine shops:
Working foremen ............................
Mixers, ovenmen, ingredient scalers,
cookers ....................................
Molders, dividers, benchmen, machine
hands, bread panners ......................
Oven feeders, dumpers .......... ............
Mixers* helpers, bake-shop helpers .........
Checkers and shipping clerks, wrappingmachine operators .........................
Wrapping-machine helpers ............. .
Helpers (women) ....... .....................
Hebrew shops:
Bread:
First hands, ovenmen .....................
Second hands, mixers .....................
Third hands, bench hands .................
Wrappers .......... .......................
Pan greasers ............................ .
Wrappers and helpers (women) ..............
Cake:
First hands ..............................
Second hands, bench h a n d s ..... ...........
Dumpers, icers, wrappers and packers
(women) ..................................
1.720
1.620
1.625
1.565
1.490
1 .09 0
1.615
1.2 1 0
1.720
1.915
1.620
1.815
1.560
1.500
1.690
1.430
1.615
1.375
1.330
1.090
1.615
1.615
2
2 1.708
2
2
2
2 .812
2/L.883
‘ '1.771
1.915
1.815
1.750
1.690
1.750
1.210
..688
1/1.125
2/1.021
2/ .875
2
2
2A.771
2A . 688
2/ .792
2
2/ .854
TABLE 15.— Union scales of wages and hours in the baking industry, in selected cities, July 1, 1951, and July 1, 1952 - Continued
Rate per hour
City and occupation
July 1,
1951
July 1,
1952
Dough m i x e r s ...............................
Pan greasers ...............................
Hand icers (women) .........................
Crackers and cookies:
Agreement A:
Rollermen....... .........................
O v e r m e n ...................................
Flour dumpers ............................
Cuttermen, reliefmen .....................
Dough feeders, pan cleaners and feeders,
pan dumpers .............................
Floormen ..................................
Sealers and weighers .....................
Women workers:
Working supervisors ..................
Sponge packers .......................
Sweet packers ........................
Carton formers, sealers and
w e i g h e r s ...... ................ ......
'Agreement B:
Mixers and machine captains ..............
Machinemen ................................
Head icing mixers ........................
Rollermen .................................
Overmen, utilitymen, dough feeders, pan
cleaners and feeders, cuttermen, reliefmen, oven greasers .......................
Machine set-up men ........................
Floormen ..................................
Women workers:
Sponge packers, sweet packers, machine
operators, hand carton formers ......
$
2/1.833
2/1.771
2/1.688
l! .979
y .812
1
2/1.895
2/1.833
2/1.750
2/1.041
2/ .875
1.675
1.590
1.545
1.490
1.455
1.415
1.745
1.660
1.610
1.555
1.515
1.475
1.380
1.325
1.215
1.440
1.380
1.265
1.215
1.195
1.150
1.265
1.245
1.200
1.115
1.165
1.660
1.605
1.550
1.550
1.730
1.675
1.675
1.615
1.495
1.440
1.330
1.560
1.500
1.385
1.200
1.250
PORTLAND, MAINE
Bread and cake - Machine shops:
Agreement A:
Mixers, ovenmen, doughnut-machine
operators ...............................
Benchmen, divider operators, depositor
operators, roll-machine operators,
receiving clerks, stockmen, ingredient
scalers, reliefmen, Doco-machine
operators, pie-filling cooks ............
Molder operators, selectors, oven feeders
and dumpers, bread wrapping-machine
operators, mixer helpers, open kettle
friers ..................................
Pan greasers, rackers, shipping-line
checkers, yeast-raised doughnut
g l a z e r s ........... ......................
General bakery helpers, stock handlers ....
Women employees:
Doughnut-tray packers, panners and
make-up workers, wrapping-machine
operators, hot bread rackers, shipping
line p a c k e r s .......... ................
General bakery helpers ..................
Agreement B:
Dough mixers, doughnut mixers, ovenmen ....
Sponge mixers ............................
Divider men, bread-wrapping-machine
operators, material handlers ...'.........
Molders, panner operators, depannermen ....
General helpers ..........................
Women employees:
Machine operators:
First 6 months .......................
After 6 months .......................
2/
6/
2/
1.485
1.545
1.420
1.480
1.355
1.410
1.265
1.210
1.315
1.260
July 1,
1952
Bread and cake - Hand shops:
Foremen ............................ .........
Ovenmen and mixers .........................
Bench hands ............................. .
Head checkers ..............................
Assistant checkers .........................
Packers and hand wrappers ..................
Helpers:
First y e a r ........................ .......
After first y e a r ...... ...................
Bread and cake - Machine shops:
Agreement A:
Foremen ...................................
Ovenmen and mixers .......................
Bench hands, cake ........................
Machinemen and depositor operators .......
Wrapping-machine operators ................
Ingredient scalers, cake; flour blenders ..
Scaling-machine operators and dumpers ....
Helpers ..................................
Machine operators' helpers ...............
Women hand icers and cake-wrapping,machine operators .......................
Agreement B:
Cake and pie workers:
Foreladies-in-charge of 4 or more girls .
Cake decorators ........................
Women icers ............................
Women with 1 year of experience ........
Crackers and cookies:
Baking department:
Mixers ...................... ..............
Mixers' helpers ...........................
B a k e r s ...... .................... .........
Machinemen.............. .................
Rollermen ................................
Utilitymen ...............................
Floormen .................................
Packing department (men):
Machine set-up men .......................
Floormen .................................
Packing department (women):
Working supervisors..... .................
Packers and machine operators ............
Miscellaneous helpers ....................
Icing department (men):
Mixers ...................................
Mixers' helpers ..........................
Machine set-up men .......................
Floormen .................................
Icing department (women):
Working supervisors ......................
Machine operators ........................
Miscellaneous helpers ....................
Cone department:
Bakers ................... ................
Mixers ...................................
Mixers' helpers ..........................
Packers (women) ............ ..............
*
2.040
‘ 1.930
1.800
1.600
1.430
1.400
$
2.110
2.000
1.870
1.670
1.500
1.470
1.290
1.450
1.360
1.520
2/2.130
2/2.020
2/1.920
2/1.920
2/1.740
2/1.650
2/1.570
2/1.570
2/1.510
2/2.200
2/2.090
1/1.990
2/1.990
2/1.810
2/1.720
2/1.640
2/1.640
2/1.580
2 /1.120
2/1.190
1.285
1.225
1.120
1.095
1.335
1.275
1.170
1.145
1.540
1.430
I
1.540
1.485
1.430
1.320
1.605
1.490
1.720
1.605
1.550
1.490
1.375
1.430
1.320
1.490
1.375
1.155
1.045
.990
1.205
1.090
1.030
1.485
1.320
1.430
1.320
1.550
1.375
1.490
1.375
1.155
1.040
.990
1.205
1.090
1.030
(6/)
1.485
1.320
1.045
1.720
1.550
1.375
1.090
1.410
1.210
I. O
1^260
1.540
1.580
1.440
1.390
1.360
1.340
1.320
1.310
1.480
1.430
1.400
1.380
1.360
1.350
.650
PROVIDENCE, R. I.
1.045
.995
1.090
1.035
1.400
1.350
1.575
1.525
1.300
1.250
1.100
1.475
1.425
1.275
(6/)
1.000
1.050
48-hour workweek.
Information not available for rate and hours on July 1, 1951.
36-hour workweek.
July 1,
1951
PORTLAND, 0REG.
PITTSBURGH, PA. - Continued
Bread and cake - Retail shops:
Rate per hour
City and occupation
Bread and cake - Hand shops:
Working foremen, mivera, ovenmen .... T .
General helpers ............................
Bread and cake - Machine shops:
Agreement A:
Mixers, head ovenmen .....................
Divider operators, head benchmen,
roll-ovenmen ............................
Molder operators .........................
Utilitymen ...............................
Ingredient scalers, mixers' helpers ......
Benchmen, head wrappers ..................
Roll-oven helpers ........................
46
35
TABLE 15.— Union scales of wages and hours in the baking industry, in selected cities, July 1, 1951, and July 1, 1952 - Continued
Rate per hour
City and occupation
July 1,
1951
July 1,
1952
Rate per hour
1
City and occupation
PROVIDENCE, R. I. - Continued
READING, PA. - Continued
Bread and cake - Machine shops: - Continued
Agreement A: - Continued
Overmen's helpers, molders' helpers,
checkers, flour dumpers .................
Wrappers, packers ........................
Agreement B:
Mixers - 2d class ........................
Dividers ..................................
Bread and cake - Machine shops: - Continued
Agreement A: - Continued
Dividers, molders, bench hands, batter
scalers, oven delivexymen, bread-wrappingmachine operators, machinemen, rollmachine operators - bread, reliefmen,
depositor operators.................. ...
Ingredient scalers, mixers' helpers,
bread c h e c k e r s ........ .........
Cake checkers, cake packers, blenders ....
Bench or machine helpers, cake dumpers,
wrapped-loaf stackers, sweet-bun icers,
semiautomatic wrappers, helpers,
janitors .................................
Women employees:
Cake decorators, pan greasers and
washers, cake-wrapping-machine
operators .......... ............ ........
Icing mixers ............................
Cake i c e r s .................. .........
Class A - cake: checkers, packers,
wrappers and cutters
Glass B - sweets: cake and sweet
wrappers .................. .............
Agreement B:
Foremen ...................................
Ingredient scalers, oven supervisors,
mixers ............... .
Overmen, benchmen, molders, divider opera
tors, bread panners, flour dumpers,
wrapping-machine operators, checkers ....
Bench or machine helpers .................
Bread and cake helpers, pan greasers,
bread rackers, oven helpers .............
Women employees:
Cake decorators ........................
Hand icers .............................
Hand wrappers, h e l p e r s ................ .
Ingredient scalers, mixers' helpers ......
Molders' helpers, overmen's helpers,
checkers, flour dumpers .................
Pan greasers .............................
Wrappers .................................
Agreement C :
Working f o r e m e n ............... ...........
Divider operators, first benchmen . . .....
$1,290
1.240
$1,330
1.280
1.540
• 1.440
1.390
1.340
1.580
1.480
1.430
1.380
1.290
1.250
1.240
1.200
1.330
1.290
1.280
1.240
1.855
1.505
1.4*5*5
1.405
1.330
1.280
1.895
1.545
1.495
1.445
1.370
1.320
1.200
1.240
1.180
1.220
1.540
1.465
1.580
1.505
1.345
1.385
1.245
1.285
1.160
1.130
1.200
1.170
1.015
1.075
1.055
1.115
1.640
1.460
1.440
1.410
1.390
1.360
1.340
1.680
1.500
1.480
1.450
1.430
1.400
1.380
Wrapping-machine operators, checkers,
Oven helpers, general helpers, benchmen,
shipping-room helpers ...................
Agreement D:
O v e r m e n ...................................
Scalers, fried cake mixers, icing mixers,
friers, icing-and-cutting machine
operators ................................
Floormen, cake and fried cake helpers
(after 2 months) ....... .................
Stock clerks, cake and fried cake helpers
(first 2 months) ........................
Pan greasers, pan washers, pan paperers ...
Women helpers:
First 2 m o n t h s ........ .................
After 2 months .........................
Agreement E:
Head mixers and scalers ..................
Traveling o v e r m e n .................... .
Dividers ..................................
Head wrapping-machine operators ..........
Molders ...................................
First benchmen ...........................
Mixers' helpers ..........................
Overmen, roll-ovenmen, overmen's helpers,
benchmen .................................
Benchmen's helpers, checkers, molders'
helpers ..................................
Wrapping-machine operators ...............
Packers ...................................
Pan g r e a s e r s............ .................
Pie and pastry shops:
Cooks, dough mixers .........................
Bakers ......................................
Filling mixers, dough breakers, helpers ....
Women employees:
Beginners................... .............
After 3 months ...........................
After 9 months ...........................
After 12 months ..........................
After 18 months ..........................
Hebrew baking:
Working foremen ............................
Second h a n d s ........................... .
1.310
1.350
1.290
1.240
1.240
1.190
1.330
1.280
1.280
1.230
1.330
1.280
1.230
1.370
1.320
1.270
.850
.870
.930
1.000
1.050
.850
.870
.930
1.030
1.080
1/1.956
1/1.844
1/2.002
1/1.891
READING, PA.
Bread and cake - Machine shops:
Agreement A:
Mixers ....................................
Oven feeders - bread, overmen - cake and
sweet, all-around bakers ................
1/
45-hour workweek,
1.475
1.515
1.455
1.495
July 1,
1951
July 1,
1952
$1,405
$1,445
1.380
1.305
1.420
1.345
1.255
1.295
1.255
1.255
1.075
1.295
1.275
1.115
1.075
1.095
1.035
1.055
1.480
1.520
1.455
1.495
1.405
1.330
1.445
1.370
1.255
1.295
1.090
1.015
.995
1.130
1.055
1.035
1.410
1.470
1.360
1.330
1.420
1.390
1.310
1.370
1.280
1.260
1.230
1.320
1.180
1.240
.980
1.080
1.040
1.140
1.330
1.310
1.280
1.390
1.370
1.340
1.180
1.130
1.240
1.190
1,080
1.030
1.140
1.090
.980
1.080
1.040
1.140
.930
1.030
.990
1.090
RICHMOND, VA.
Bread and cake - Machine shops:
Agreement A:
Bread:
Dough mixers ...........................
Oven operators, fruit cookers, and
filling mixers ........................
Divider operators, molder operators ....
Wrapping-machine operators, roll-machine
operators........ ................... ..
Mixers' helpers (advanced), pan—rollcutter operators ......................
Oven feeders and dumpers ...............
Bread box makers .......................
Dough-room helpers, wrapping-machine
feeders, benchmen (female), and flour
blenders .............................. .
Helpers:
1st 6 m o n t h s ............... ..........
After 6 months .......................
Cake:
Cake mixers, icing mixers ..............
°oughnut-machine operators .............
Cake-oven operators ....................
Depositor operators, cake-wrappingmachine operators, ingredient scalers,
and foreladies ........................
Pan washers, grease-machine operators ...
Icing-machine operators, cake-cuttermachine operators, and cake counters ...
Icers and wrappers, female .............
Helpers (male):
1st 6 months .........................
After 6 months ........................
Helpers (female):
1st 6 months .........................
After 6 months .......................
1.340
1.290
36
TART.R
15 .—
Union scales of wages and hours in the baking industry, in selected cities, July 1, 1951, and July 1, 1952 - Continued
Rate per hour
Rate per hour
City and occupation
July 1,
1951
July 1,
1952
Depositor operators (female), cake
wrapping-machine operators (female) .....
Mixers' helpers, oven feeders and dumpers,
and sto c k m e n............................
Molder helpers, grease-machine operators,
pan-washing-machine operators, icing- and
enrobing-machine operators, blenders,
rack washers and greasers, and wrappers'
helpers ..................................
General bakery helpers ...................
Female workers:
' Hand icers, make-up panners, doughnuttray packers, cake-slicer operators,
depositor helpers, and doughnut icers ..
General bakery helpers .................
Crackers and cookies:
Dough m i x e r s ................................
Checkers ........................... ........
Machinamen, enrobers, and overmen ...........
Wrappers and automatic-carton formers ......
Dough r o l l e r s ............ ..................
Stockmen ....................................
Finished goods stockmen, icing-machine men,
and mixers .............. ...................
Receiving clerks, mixers, and bakers'
helpers ............
Dough rollers' helpers .....................
Icing helpers, shippers, stockmen helpers,
and packing department helpers ............
General helpers:
Under 3 months ...........................
to 6 months ............................
After 6 months ..............
3
1,650
$
1.470
$1,715
1.535
1.450
1.515
1.390
1.360
1.270
1.455
1.425
1.335
1.240
1.305
1.330
1.395
1.230
1.190
1.295
1.255
1.150
1.100
1.215
1.165
1.275
1.250
1.225
1.200
1.175
1.150
1.330
1.305
1.280
1.255
2/ 4.8-hour workweek.
http://fraser.stlouisfed.org/
10/ Includes Rock Island
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
July 1,
1952
1.230
1.125
1.180
1.100
1.155
1.045
1.100
1.025
1.080
.850
.900
1.000
.905
.955
1.055
1.730
1.780
1.630
1.680
1.580
Hebrew baking:
Ovenmen, mixers, first cake bakers .........
Bench hands, second cake bakers ............
Crackers and cookies:
Agreement A:
Shop foremen, dough mixers ...............
Batch scalers, machine operators, oven
feeders, depositor operators ...........
Cooky dumpers, pan cleaners, carton
packers and helpers .....................
Women employees:
Foreladies ..............................
Wrappers and p a c k e r s .... ............
Agreement B:
Mixers ....................................
Dividermen ................................
Moldermen, ovenmen, benchmen, feeders,
assemblymen, batchmen, dumpers, foremen,
dough mixers ............................
Flour blenders, mixers' helpers, batch
scalers, machine operators, feeders,
dumpers, pan cleaners, carton packers
and helpers ..............................
Wrapping-machine operators ...............
Flour handlers ...........................
Pan greasers, bench helpers, pan rackers,
checkers and packers ....................
Wrapping-and-slicing helpers .............
Cooky dumpers, rack pullers ..............
Women employees:
Floor ladies ...........................
Wrappers and helpers ....................
2,160
$
1.971
$2,230
2.041
1.510
1.565
1.460
1.515
1.310
1.365
1.310
1.365
1.215
1.160
1.610
1.560
1.510
1.460
1.665
1.615
1.565
1.385
1.515
1.465
1.440
1.360
1.335
1.310
1.415
1.390
1.365
1.230
1.160
1.285
1.215
1.410
ROCK ISLAND (ILL.) DISTRICT 10/
1.205
ROCHESTER, N. Y.
Bread and cake - Hand shops:
First hands, working foremen, decorators ....
Second hands, ovenmen, mixers, feeders,
dumpers ....................................
Third hands, friers, bench hands ...........
Bread and cake - Machine shops:
Agreement A:
First hands, working foremen, decorators ..
Second hands, mixers, ovenmen, feeders,
dumpers ..................................
Third hands, moldermen, bench h a n d s ..... .
Wrappers, machine ...................... ..
Women employees:
Foreladies, decorators .................
Icers, general helpers .................
Agreements B and C:
M i x e r s ........... ..................... .
Dividermen ................................
Ovenmen, oven dumpers and feeders ........
Oven loaders and dumpers .................
Molders, roll-machine operators (C only) ..
Moldermen, roll-machine operators (B only)
Benchmen, ingredientmen, machinemen,
assemblymen, batchmen ...................
Flour blenders and dumpers, mixers'
helpers ..................................
Wrapping-machine operators, checkers .....
Wrapping-machine operators’ helpers
(C only) .......... ......................
Pan greasers, bread or pan rackers ........
Wrapping-and-siicing helpers (B only) ....
July 1,
1951
ROCHESTER, N. Y. - Continued
RICHMOND, VA. - Continued
Bread and cake - Machine shops: - Continued
Agreement B:
Working foremen, shipping foremen ........
Dough mixers, cake mixers ................
Oven operators, icing and filling mixers,
and receiving clerks ....................
Divider operators, roll-machine operators,
doughnut operators, wrapping-machine
operators (bread), benchmen, molder
operators, foreladies, ingredient scalers,
and doughnut friers ......................
Packers, checkers, temporary .............
City and occupation
1.630
1.860
1.910
1.750
1.700
1.630
1.800
1.750
1.680
1.380
1.220
1.430
1.270
1.610
1.560
1.560
1.560
1.560
1.510
I
1.615
1.615
1.615
1.615
1.565
.665
1.510
1.565
1.460
1.410
1.515
1.465
1.410
1.360
1.335
1.465
1.415
1.390
and Moline, 111., and Davenport, Iowa,
Bread - Hand shops:
Foremen .....................................
First bakers ...............................
Second bakers, benchmen .......................
Helpers .....................................
Bread and cake - Machine shops:
Working foremen ............................
Dough mixers, o v e n m e n ......................
Bench or machinemen, wrapping-machine
operators .......................... .......
Checkers, shipping clerks, pan rankers T__ TT
Flour dumpers, stockmen, packers, wrappingmachine helpers, rackers, open kettle
friers, pan greasers, icing-machine opera
tors, helpers, women cake-wrapping-machine
operators ..................................
Women hand wrappers and i c e r s ....... .......
2/1.488
2/1.384
2/ 1.322
2 1.488
2 1.322
2/1.051
/
1/1.384
/
2/1.051
1.650
1.680
1.550
1.580
1.500
1.300
1.530
1.330
1.150
1.050
1.180
1.080
2/1.425
1/1.312
2/1.476
/
ST. LOUIS, M0.
Bread and cake - Hand shops:
Leadmen or first hands .....................
Second hands, benchmen .....................
Bread and cake - Semimachine shops:
Leadmen, mixers, ovenmen .........___
Bench or mechine hands ....... TT.. T ..T T , ,
Miscellaneous helpers, men .................
Sunday help and miscellaneous helpers, women
Bread - Machine shops:
Leadmen .....................................
Oven h a n d s .. ...........T-rr
Assistant .spongers ......r.tT■ ,
First bench hands, scalers .................
Bench and machine h a n d s .......... ,-Tt ,
Bread counters ..............................
Helpers, pan greasers ......................
Ingredient s c a l e r s..... ........... .
Wrapping— and si ining-^nanhina npann+j-ma
Beltmen:
First 6 months ..........t _ _t
•
Experienced .......... ...........
Cake - Machine shops:
Leadmen ................... . ,,, ,
Ovenmen, mixers ................... T..tt, ,,
Machine h a n d s ................ T___,..,, T,,,,
1.603
2 1.360
I .723
1.492
1.070
1.000
1.120
1.853
1L.7J.'K
1.688
1.660
1.633
1.468
1.440
1.323
1.248
1.173
1^248
1.853
I
.743
1.633
1.612
1.190
1.973
1 808
1.780
1.750
1.588
1.560
1.343
1.368
1.368
1
1
Q7^
J-.7
J
1.863
1.753
37
TAB IE 15.— Union scales of wages and hours in the baking industry, in selected cities, July 1, 1951, and July 1, 1952 - Continued
Rate per hour
City and occupation
July 1,
1951
July 1,
1952
ST. LOUIS, NO. - Continued
Cake - Machine shops: - Continued
Cake counters ...........................
Helpers ............... ..................
Icing mixers, ingredient scalers ........
Car crews:
Inexperienced...... ...................
Experienced ............................
Miscellaneous helpers:
Inexperienced (first 6 months) ........
Experienced (after 6 months) ..........
Leadladies ..............................
Wcsten helpers:
Inexperienced (first 6 months) ........
Experienced (after 6 months) ..........
Hebrew - Hand shops:
headmen, bakers, ovenmen ................
Second hands ........... .................
Miscellaneous helpers ........ ...........
Crackers and cookies:
Agreement A:
headmen ...... .........................
Oven operators .................. ......
Cracker-dough mixers, sweet-dough mixers
graham-dough mixers, dough-machine
set-up and operators, sponge mixers,
enrobing-machine set-up and operators .
Marshmallow-machine set-up and operators
icing-machine set-up and operators ....
Head stock keepers .....................
Dough-break roll feeders ..............
Wrapping-machine set-up men ...........
Agreement B:
Sponge mixing department:
Head m i x e r s .... .............. ........
Sponge and dough mixers ............. .
Mixers' helpers ...................... ■
Sweet mixing department:
Head mixers .......................... ,
Mixers ............................... ,
Mixers' helpers ......... .............
Baking department:
Machinemen ........................... .
Peelers ......... .................... .
Ovenmen ...............................
Oven take-out m e n ................... .
Sheeters and laminators, reliefmen
(sweet) .............................
Stackers, men ........................
General help, semiskilled ............
Sponge and sweet-packing department:
Supplymen ........... .................
General help, semiskilled, men .......
Working supervisors, w o m e n .......... .
Checkers, w o m e n ..................... .
General help, semiskilled, w o m e n .... .
Icing department:
Mixers, m achinemen................. ..
Marshmallow and icing mixers .........
General help, semiskilled, men ........
Women employees:
Machine operators ............ .....
Machine feeders ................... ..
General help, semiskilled women, trolley
g i r l s ..... ............................
Carton and caddy forming-and-wrapping
department:
Machinemen (set-up and adjusters) .....
Machine operators, m e n ...... .........
Receiving department:
Working supervisors .............. .
Receivers ......... ...................
Receivers' helpers, loaders and
u n l o a d e r s.... .......................
Shipping department:
Working supervisors, men .... ........
Checkers, men ................ ........
Assemblers and loaders, men ...........
1/ 45-hour workweek.
2/ 48-hour workweek.
7/
^-hour workweek,
42
Rate per hour
City and occupation
July 1,
1951
July 1
1952
ST. LOUIS, MO. - Continued
*1.468
1.440
1.409
$1,488
1.560
1.529
1.260
1.335
1.380
1.455
1.135
1.210
1.160
1.255
1.330
1.280
1.035
1.110
1.153
1.230
2/1.719
2/1.490
V .825
2/1.719
2/1.490
2/ .825
1.675
1.675
1.745
1.720
1.650
1.720
1.625
1.500
1.475
1.360
1.695
1.570
1.545
1.430
1.430
1.320
1.220
1.495
1.375
1.275
1.430
1.320
1.220
1.495
1.375
1.275
1.420
1.380
1.320
1.280
1.480
1.440
1.375
1.335
1.250
1.230
1.150
1.305
1.285
1.200
1.195
1.150
1.055
1.015
.855
1.245
1.200
1.100
1.060
.895
1.320
1.290
1.150
1.375
1.345
1.200
1.040
.935
1.085
.975
.855
.895
1.320
1.290
1.410
1.345
1.300
1.250
1.355
1.305
1.170
1.220
1.300
1.250
1.170
1.355
1.305
1.220
Crackers and cookies: - Continued
Agreement C:
Baking and mixing departments:
Head mixers ............................
Bakers ..................................
Sponge mixers ..........................
R o l lermen........................ .
Assemblymen.............................
Mixers' helpers, stackers, general
h e l p ...................................
Packing department:
F l o o r m e n ......... ............... .......
Women employees:
Working supervisors ..................
Backers, sponge ......................
Tally clerks ..........................
Machine operators ............ .........
Other helpers ................... .....
$1,655
1.600
1.545
1.435
1.405
$1,690
1.635
1.580
1.465
1.435
1.380
1.410
1.270
1.300
1.270
1.160
1.140
1.195
1.105
1.300
1.185
1.165
1.195
1.185
ST. PAUL, MINN.
Bread and cake - Hand shops:
Foremen, supervising 6 or more workers .....
Foremen, supervising 5 or less workers,
first hands ..................... ..........
Ovenmen, mixers ............................
Bench hands .................................
Wrapping-machine operators .................
Helpers:
first 6 months ...........................
After 6 m o n t h s ...... .....................
Bread and cake - Semimachine shops:
Foremen, supervising 6 or more workers .....
Foremen, supervising 5 or less workers .....
Ovenmen, dough mixers ......... ............ •
Bench hands .................................
Wrapping-machine operators...... ...........
Men helpers:
First 6 months ...........................
After 6 months ...........................
Women hand workers:
First 6 months .......... .................
After 6 months ........................... .
Bread - Machine shops:
F o r e m e n ......................... ...........
Sponge and dough mixers, ovenmen ...........
Bench hands, dividers, molders, bun-machine
operators ..................................
Oven feeders and dumpers, slicing- or
wrapping-machine operators ................
Twisters, panners, oven helpers, bench
helpers ....................................
Helpers:
First 8 weeks ................... .
After 8 weeks ............................
Women workers:
F o r e m e n ............... ...................
Finishers, packers, wrappers:
First 8 weeks ....... ...................
After 8 weeks ..........................
Pies and doughnuts:
Doughnut-machine operators .............. .
Fruit and kettle friers ............. .
Cake - Machine shops:
F o r e m e n ............................ ........
Mixers, ovenmen, doughnut-machine
operators ............................... .
Depositors, drop-machine operators, fruit
Kettle friers .................... ..........
Ingredient scalers .............. ..........
Icing-machine operators, wrapping-machine
operators, semiautomatic ...................
Helpers:
First 8 weeks ................. ...........
After 8 weeks ............ .............
1/1.619
1/1-679
1/1.508
1/1.441
1/1.396
1/1.196
1/1.568
/
1A . 4 5 7
1/1.257
1/ .996
1/1.107
1/1.057
1/1.168
7/1.714
J/l.596
7/1.525
y i . m
£/l.267
7/1.778
7/1.660
7/1.589
7/1.542
2/1*331
7/1.055
7/1.125
7/1.119
2/1.236
7/ 1.325
7/1.008
2/1.072
2/1*189
1.800
1.630
1.860
1.690
1.520
1.580
1.520
1.580
1 1.501
1.310
1.370
1.160
1.310
1.220
1.370
1.310
1.370
.960
1.060
1.020
1.120
1.630
1.520
1.690
1.580
1.800
1.860
1.630
1.690
1.520
1.520
1.520
1.580
1.580
1.580
1.310
1.370
1.160
1.310
1.220
1.370
38
TAB IE 15.— Union scales of wages and hours in the baking industry, in selected cities, July 1, 1951, and July 1, 1952 - Continued
Rate per hour
Rate per hour
City and occupation
July 1,
1952
July 1,
1951
3read - Machine shops:
♦1.310
♦1.370
.960
1.060
1.020
1.120
1.520
1.540
1.440
1.300
1.620
1.740
1.540
1.400
1.400
1.360
1.460
1.300
1.400
1.000
1.100
1.190
1.250
1.100
1.200
1.240
1.350
1.110
1.060
1.050
1.230
1.130
1.120
1.030
1.100
.800
•880
.950
.990
.870
.950
1.020
1.060
2/ 1.470
2/ 1.320
y
y 1.280
y
y
y
V
y
y
y
y
2/ .920
y 1.000
y l.ioo
2 / .980
2 / 1.070
2 / 1.150
1.725
1.585
1.515
1.465
1.395
1.345
1.890
1.735
1.660
1.600
1.525
1.470
1.235
1.350
1.125
1.235
1.105
1.230
1.350
1.210
1.055
1.155
1.250
1.235
1.175
1.150
1.125
1.050
1.000
.975
.925
.910
.875
.850
.850
1.330
1.305
1.250
1.225
1.195
1.115
1.065
1.035
1.010
.970
.930
.905
.905
1.300
1.120
1.090
1.600
1.470
1.400
1.330
i.i7o
1.140
2/
48-hour workweek.
6/
Information not available for rate and hours on July 1, 1951.
8/
37 l/2-hour workweek.
11/ 38 3/A-hour workweek.
12/ 38-hour workweek.
Ju ly 1,
1952
♦1.460
1.235
(6/)
♦1.535
1.310
1.210
1.110
.935
.985
1.185
1.060
1.110
1.940
1.867
1.783
2.090
2.036
1.932
n / 2.003
' 11A . 927
11/1.840
11/1.563
13/2.158
11/2.088
llA .9 9 8
n/1.718
Mixers, ovenmen, and shipping clerks ........
Assistant shipping clerks ..................
Dividers, Wrapping-machine operators,
receiving clerks, and m o l d e r a .......... .
Helpers, 1st 30 days .......................
Helpers, after 30 days ......................
SAN FRANCISCO, CALIF.
1.500
SALT LAKE CITY, UTAH
Bread and cake - Hand shops:
Foremen.................................
Overmen, doughmixers ......................
Bench hands ........................... .
Ingredient scalars ............. ..........
Checkers .................................
Women hand leers......... .......... .....
Helpers:
First y e a r .............................
Second year ............... .............
Third y e a r ....... .....................
Bread and cake - Machine shops:
Foremen........................... .
Dough mixers and overmen ............... .
Ingredient scalers .....................
Machine and henchmen....................
Head wrappers........... ..............
Checkers .............................. .
Bread rackers, pan greasers, and women
foremen ......... ............... ......
Helpers:
First y e a r ...........................
Second y e a r ..........................
Women wrapping-machine operators ........
Women wrappers, packers, labelers, sweetroll panners, and icers ................
Crackers and cookies:
Machine captains ...................... .
Overmen............ ................. .
Rollermen, assistant icing foremen ........
Out-panners ..............................
In-panners ........................ .
Ban feeders ..............................
Cracker edgers ...........................
Sponge packers ......... ................
Women machine operators ...................
Scalers and weighers......................
Sweet packers ............................
Cellophane-machine operators ..............
Filling-machine operators .................
July 1,
1951
SAN ANTONIO, TEX.
ST. PAUL, MINN. - Continued
Cake - Machine shops:— Continued
Women workers:
Foremen................................
Finishers, wrappers, packers:
First 8 weeks ........................
After 8 weeks .........................
Crackers and cookies:
Head sweet-dough mixers........... .......
Foremen............ .....................
Head sponge mixers ........................
Rollsr m e n ........................... .
Assistant sweet- and sponge-dough mixers ....
Machinemen, marshmallow mixers, sweetovenmen, oven firemen, drawmen...........
Pan greasers, flour dumpers, dough scalers,
sweet-oven relieftaen, cracker stackers....
Helpers:
Starting r a t e ..........................
After 3 months .........................
After 6 months ..........................
After 1 year ................. ..........
Women workers:
Floorladies ............................
Assistant floorladies ...................
Cracker packers ........................
Wrappers, packers, cracker-machine
operators, checkers....................
Helpers:
^
Starting rats'............. ...........
After 3 months .......................
After 6 months............ ...........
After 1 y e a r .........................
City and occupation
Bread and cake - Hand shops:
Dairy lunches, restaurants, cafeteria:
F o r e m e n ............................... .
O v e n m e n ...... ............................
Bench hands ...............................
Retail bread and cake:
Bread:
F o r e m e n ........................ ........
Dough mixers, o v e n m e n ..................
Benchmen ................................
Bench and machine helpers ..............
Cake:
F o r e m e n ............. ...................
Mixers, ovenmen ........................
Bench hands ............................
Helpers;
First 6 months .............. ..........
After first y e a r .....................
Ban cleaners .............. .............
Retail cake only:
F o r e m e n ........................ ........
Mixers, o v e r m e n ....................... .
Bench hands ............................
Helpers:
Second 6 months .......................
Second year ..........................
Women hand icers •.......................
Packers, wrappers, cutters .............
Ban cleaners ...........................
Bread and cake - Machine shops:
Bread department:
F o r e m e n ...................................
Dough mixers, o v e n m e n ........... .........
Dividermen, molders, roll-machine
operators, ingredientmen, benchmen, bread rackers, pan-greasingmachine operators, women bench
helpers ..................................
Flour dumpers ............................
Bench-machine helpers:
First y e a r ..............................
Second y e a r ......................... .
Fan greasers .............................
Cake department:
F o r e m e n ......................... .........
Mixers, icing mixers, o v e n m e n ............
Ingredient scalers, scaling-machine
operators, cake dumpers, bench hands,
grease-machine operators, women auxiliary
workers ..................................
Helpers:
First y e a r .............................
Second y e a r ............... .............
Ban cleaners ..............................
Women workers:
Cake-wrapping-machine operators ........
Wholesale cake:
Agreement A:
Foremen ................................
Mixers, o v e n m e n ...................... ..
Bench hands .............................
Ban greasers ............... ............
Women packers, wrappers, cutters .......
11/2.158
11A.927 11/2.088
11/1.840 11/1.998
11 / 2.003
11/1.568
13/1.563 11/1.718
n / 1 .4 11 11/1.568
11 A .411
1.940
1.867
1.783
2.090
2.017
1.933
1.4 20
1.568
1.664
1.664
1.517
1.517
1.514
1.514
1.373
1.367
8/ 2.205 8/2.305
8/2.145 y 2.245
8/2.055 8/ 2.155
8/ 2.055 y 2.155
8/ 1.685 8/ 1.785
1.865
1.685
B / 1.765 y
y 1.585 8/
8/ 2.205 8/2.305
2.055 y 2.155
y
y
y
y
y
2.055
1.685
1.765
1.585
y 2 .1 5 5
y 1.785
y 1.865
1 / 1.685
32/1.275 12/L.375
y
2.205
8 / 2 . 14.5
8/2.055
8/1.585
8/ 1.275
y
y
y
y
y
2 .3 0 5
2 .2 4 5
2 .1 5 5
1.685
1 .3 75
39
TABLE 15.~ U n i o n scales of wages and hours In the baking Industry, in selected cities, July 1, 1951, and July 1, 1952 - Continued
Rate per hour
City and occupation
July 1,
1951
July 1,
1952
Rate per hour
City and occupation
SAN FRANCISCO, CALIF. - Continued
SCRANTON, PA. - Continued
Bread and cake - Machine shops: - Continued
Wholesale cake: - Continued
Agreement B:
Foremen .................................
Mixers, o v e r m e n ........................
Bench hands, women auxiliary workers ....
Helpers .................... ............
Pan clean e r s................... .
Women packers, wrappers, c u t t e r s ...... .
Pie and pastry shops:
F o r e m e n .............. ......................
Overmen, mixers .............................
Journeymen pie-makers ......................
Helpers, after first y e a r ..................
Fan cleaners ................................
Wrappers, packers ..........................
French and Italian baking:
Foremen, overmen, m i x e r s ...... .............
Holders, dividers, bench h a n d s ....... ......
Bench and machine helpers, after 6 months ...
Bread and cake - Machine shops: - Continued
Agreement B: - Continued
Cake department: - Continued
Cake cutters........... ..............
Women employees:
Wrapping-machine operators, packers,
box makers, icers and general helpers
after 3 months ............... .
General helpers, first 3 months......
Variety department:
Sponge and dough mixers, scalers.......
Wrapping-machine operators ............
Biscuit-dough rollers, assistant bench
hands, machine packers, machine
operators ...........................
Bun packers, bun rackers, pan greasers
and rackers ...... ...................
Agreement C:
Rslieftasn..............................
Mixers .................................
Doughnut-machine operators, oven operators
Wrapping-machine operators, scalers,
divider operators, molder operators.....
Doughnut-machine operators* helpers .......
Industrial pan washers, tray overmen.....
Pan rackers ............................
Cake depositors, benchmen ...............
Flour blenders, doughnut-machine helpers ••
Depositor helpers..................... .
Mixers* helpers, oven dumpers and feeders, k
oven bread rackers, cake dumpers........*
Bread packers, pan greasers .............
General baking helpers ..................
Women employees:
Working foreladies ....................
Depositor helpers, packers .............
Pan greasers .........................
Cake cutters, machine wrappers ....... .
Bench helpers ................ ........
Selectors, floor girls, icers
Bread only - Machine shope:
Feel-oven men, molders, divider operators
mixers, utilitymen........... ...........
Mixers* helpers ......................... .
Flour blenders............... ........... .
Machine wrappers, molders* helpers,
traveling-oven feeders and dumpers ........
Pan greasers.............................
Bread rackers and pick-ups:
First 3 months......... ......... ......
After 3 months .........................
Pie and pastry shops:
Fruit cookers.... ...... .................
Overmen..................................
Fruit cookers* helpers, mixer-machine
operators .................. .............
Oven helpers.................... •••••••..
General helpers ............ ..............
$
8/ 2.205
*
8/2.305
y 2.145 y 2.245
1/2.055 y 2.155
t/ 1.765 8/ 1.865
%/ 1.585 8/ 1.685
y 1.275 %/ 1.375
2.245
2.175
2.055
1.725
1.635
1.535
2.348
2.274
2.159
1.823
1.739
1.634
2.010
1.890
1.640
2.110
1.990
1.740
SCRANTON, PA.
Bread and cake - Hand shops:
Agreement A:
Overmen, dough mixers, second hands ......
Bench hands ........................... .
Helpers ...................................
Agreement B:
Mixers, overmen, first hands .............
Bench hands, oven helpers ................
Wrappers, utilitymen ......................
H e l p e r s ........ ................ ..........
Bread and cake - Machine shops:
Agreement A:
Bread and rolls department:
Proof-box men ............................
Dividers .......... .....................
General utilitymen..... ................
Mixers, molders .........................
Molding-machine helpers ........... .
Flour blenders, molders* helpers,
mixers* helpers .................. ......
Pan s e t t e r s ..... .......................
Packers .................................
Oven feeders and dumpers ................
Wrappers ................................
Bench hands ............................
Overmen ................. .............
General h e l p e r s ..... .................. .
Pan g r e a s e r s........ ...................
Machine operators (w o m e n )...... ........
Agreement B:
Bread department:
Mixers, scalers, reliefmen, sponge
d o u g h ................ .................
Tray-oven operators ....................
Mixers* assistants ................... .
Divider operators ......................
Bread rackers ...........................
Holder operators ............ ...........
Wrapping-machine operators .... .........
Flour blenders ...................... ..
Tray-oven feeders and dumpers ..........
Molder operators* helpers ...............
Pan greasers ...........................
Cake department:
Working f o r e m e n .......... ..............
Mixers and scalers, icing m i x e r s .... .
O v e r m e n .... ............................
Depositors ......... ....................
Wrapping-machine operators .............
Depositors * helpers, ingredientmen.....
Rackers, dumpers, pan greasers, pan
washers ..................... ..........
Box s o r t e r s .......... ..................
1/
45-hour workweek.
2/
44-hour workweek.
8/
37^-hour workweek,
for FRASER
13/ 35-hour workweek.
Digitized
2/ 1.500
2/ 1.433
y 1.033
2/ 1.500
y 1.433
2/ 1.033
1/ 1.388
V 1.255
1/ 1.077
y 1.000
y
y
y
y
1.455
1.322
1.144
1.066
1.545
1.545
1.545
1.545
1.435
1.575
1.575
1.575
1.575
1.465
1.435
1.395
1.395
1.395
1.395
1.395
1.295
1.275
1.245
1.075
1.465
1.425
1.425
1.425
1.425
1.425
1.325
1.305
1.275
1.105
1.650
1.650
1.525
1.525
1.500
1.475
1.475
1.475
1.425
1.425
1.375
1.725
1.650
1.650
1.525
1.475
1.425
1.425
1.375
1.725
1.725
1.600
1.600
1.575
1.550
1.550
1.550
1.500
1.500
1.450
1.800
1.725
1.725
1.600
1.550
1.500
1.500
1.450
July 1,,
1951
Jhly 1,
1952
*
1.12.
1
1.200
1*075
1.025
1.150
1.100
1.650
1.475
1.725
1.550
1.425
1.500
1*375
1.450
1.630
1.555
1.555
1.705
1.680
1.630
1.505
1.430
1.455
1.430
1.430
1.430
1.430
1.580
1.555
1.530
1.505
1.580
1.505
1.505
1.405
1.360
1.335
1.480
1.435
1.335
1.365
1.180
1.130
1.130
1.130
1.130
1.365
1.180
1.180
1.180
1.130
1.130
1.550
1.450
1.440
1.625
1.525
1.515
1.420
1.420
1.495
1.495
1.295
1.420
1.370
1.495
1.650
1.387
1.700
1.437
1.200
1.150
1.100
1.275
1.200
1.175
.
IS/? *195
'12/2.070
12/1-995
!12/1.695
12/2.265
L2/2.140
L2/2.065
L2A.765
12/1.690
L2/1.760
L2A-S80
SEATTLE, WASH.
Bread - Hand and machine shops:
Foremen ..................................
Mixers, overmen, machinemen..... .
Bench hands ............. ..... ....... .
Control-room m e n ................ .........
Helpers:
1 year's experience ....................
2 years' experience ....................
Bread and cake - Machine shops:
MBn-in-charge of miscellaneous help .......
Miscellaneous help:
First 6 months ........................ .
Second 6 months ....... ............... .
After 1 y e a r ...........................
\12/1.810
1.310
1.350
1.110
1.160
1.250
1.150
1.200
1.290
40
TAB IE 15.— Union scales of wages and hours in the baking industry, in selected cities, July 1, 1951, and July 1, 1952 - Continued
Rate per hour
Rate per hour
City and occupation
July 1,
1951
July 1,
1952
City and occupation
Assistant floorladies ....................
General workers:
First 6 months .........................
Second 6 months ...................... .
$
1*230
1.180
1.170
%
1.270
1.220
1.210
.910
.960
1.050
.950
1.000
1.090
1.660
1.660
1.530
1.510
1.430
1.750
1.750
1.620
1.600
1.520
1.050
1.150
1.280
1.360
1.150
1.370
1.460
1.0^0
.980
1.030
1.100
1.100
1.100
Crackers and cookies:
Mixers ......................................
Peelers .....................................
Feeders and other helpers:
First 30 days ............................
Second 30 days ...........................
Women employees:
Experienced sponge packers ...............
Plain sweet packers .......................
1.250
SOUTH BEND, IND.
Bread and cake - Hand shops:
Working f o r e m e n ..................... .......
First class bench hands ....................
Checkers ............................................................................. ....
Bench helpers ..............................
Bread and cake - Machine shops:
Agreement A:
D1yldermen, henchman . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Overmen
___ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Wrappers ...................................
Agreement B :
Mixers, overmen ..........................
Dividers, head benchmen, molder operators,
receiving clerks .......... .......................................................................
Benchmen ............................................................................................................................................
Traveling-oven dumpers, stockroom men,
mixers1 helpers .................................................................................... . ..................................
Checkers ....................................... ......................................................................................................................
Bake-shop helpers, conveyormen, packers,
machine setters .........................................................................................................................
Slicers, wrappers .....................................................................................................................
Agreement C :
Dough mixers, dividers, overmen . . . . . . . . . . .
Sponge mixers ............................
Mbldermen ............... ................ ....
Oven feeders1 helpers ....................
Wrappers ................................................................................................................................................................
Checkers ................................................................................................................... ....
Slicers .......................................................... .........................................................................................................
Mnlders * helpers, breed p n n n e r s ........... ..........................
Flour dumpers .......................................................................................................................................
Bake-shop helpers .....................................................................................................................
Loaders ....................................................................................................................................................................
Boxers , cartons .... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Pie and pastry shops:
Overmen, loaders, dough mixers, cookers,
ingredientmen......... .................. ..........
Pie table operators ....................... .....
Oven helpers riT............ ...............................................
Fruit mixers, pie fillers, wrappers . . . . . . . . .
Dough feeders .....................................................................................................
Becelve'ps * helpers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Women supervisors ..........................
Miscellaneous women w o r k e r s ...... ..........
2/
y
2/
12/
48-hour
42-hour
36-hour
38-hour
workweek.
workweek.
workweek.
workweek.
July 1,
1952
SPOKANE, WASH.
SEATTLE, WASH. - Continued
Bread and cake - Machine shops: - Continued
Women employees:
July 1,
1951
4/ 1.670
U 1.510
£ / 1.270
y
1.040
1.680
1.520
1.280
1.050
1.440
1.340
1.120
1.450
1.370
1.130
1.560
1.720
1.510
1.460
1.640
1.410
1.360
1.570
1.520
1.340
1.260
1.500
1.420
1.550
1.450
1.440
1.400
1.370
1.370
1.250
1.190
1.150
1.100
1.100
1.050
1.220
1.190
1.140
1.320
1.070
1.010
.980
.940
1.670
1.630
1.530
1.520
1.480
1.450
1.450
1.330
1.330
1.330
1.280
1.150
1.130
1.270
1.240
1.190
1.170
1.120
1.060
1.030
.995
Bread and cake - Hand and machine shops:
Foremen, mixers, overmen, cake ingredient
scalers ................................... .
Machine hands, dividers, molders, machine
cake depositors ...........................
Bench hands, hand cake depositors ..........
Flour dumpers, bread rackers, machine
wrappers, bread and cake packers ..........
Pan greasers, cleaners and helpers ..........
Bread packers and cutters, cake dumpers
and wrappers .................... .
Crackers and cookies:
Agreement A:
Machinemen........ ............ ..........
Mixers ................................... .
O v e r m e n ...................................
Miscellaneous workers ....................
Women:
First 30 days ..........................
Second 30 days .............. ..........
Third 30 days ..........................
Fourth 30 days .........................
Fifth 30 days ..........................
Thereafter.................... .........
Working supervisors ....................
Assistant supervisors ..................
Agreement B:
Machinemen...................... .........
Mixers ....................................
Peelers ...................................
Overmen ....................... .
Overmen's helpers ...................... .
Mixers 1 helpers ..........................
Ieminator operators ...........................................................................................................
Dough feeders ......................... .
Stackers .................................. ....
Icing helpers ............................
Pan cleaners and feeders .................
Miscellaneous workers ....................
Women:
First 30 days ..........................
Second
days ..........................................................................................................................
Third
day's ..............................................................................................................................
Fourth
days ..........................................................................................................................
Fifth 30 davs ..............................................................................................................................
Thereafter .........................* - , r ...................................... T ., _T.................................
30
30
30
%
2 / 2.020
2/ 1.950
1/ 1.890
%
2 / 2.090
2 / 2.020
2/ 1.960
12/1.430
12/1.290
12 A . 500
12/1.360
12/1.090
12/1.160
1.485
1.485
1.485
1.125
1.580
1.580
1.580
1.250
.790
.815
.840
.865
.890
.940
1.110
1.050
.800
.825
.850
.875
.900
1.020
1.200
1.130
1.485
1.455
1.405
1.355
1.300
1.270
1.270
1.215
1.195
1.195
1.195
1.125
1.580
1.550
1.500
1.430
1.380
1.340
1.340
1.290
1.270
1.270
1.270
1,200
.790
.815
.840
.865
.890
.940
.800
.825
.850
.875
.900
.990
2 / 1.602
2/ 1.502
2 / 1.348
2/ 1.770
2/ 1.562
2 / 1.410
1.570
1.510
1.430
1.390
1.370
1.625
1.565
1.485
1.445
1.425
1.350
1.260
1.070
1.020
1.405
1.315
1.125
1.075
1.570
1.510
1.470
1.430
1.370
1.350
1.625
1.565
1.525
1.485
1.425
1.405
SPRINGFIELD, MASS.
Bread and cake - Hand shops:
F o r e m e n ......................................................................... ....................................................................................................
Second hands, dough mixers .................
Bench hands ..... .... ........... .... ..............
Bread and cake - Machine shops:
Agreement A:
Working foremen, c a k e .................................................................................................
Dough mixers .............................................................................................................................................
Overmen, cake .............................................................................................................................. ....
Shipping room ........................................................................................................................................
Oven dumpers, bench h a n d s .... ..........................................
Dividers, molders, reliefmen, oven
helpers ................................................................................................................................................................
Machine wrappers ................... ......................................
Cake icers (women) ..............................................................................................................
Helpers (women) ..........................
Agreement B:
F o r e m e n ..................... T ........................................................................................................ .......
Dough mixers, overmen (bread ) ...........................................................
Cake mixers .................................................................................................................................................
Overmen, cake ....................................... .....................................................................
Bench hands ..............................
Dividers, flour blenders, molders, scaler's
4i
TABLE 15*— Union scales of wages and hours in the baking industry, in selected cities, July 1, 1951, and July 1, 1952 - Continued
Rate per hour
City and occupation
July 1,
1951
July 1,
1952
$1,330
1.180
1.070
$1,385
1.235
1.125
1.570
1.510
1.625
1.565
1.370
1.425
1.350
1.330
1.405
1.385
1.260
1.020
1.315
1.075
1.639
1.523
1.406
1.679
1.563
1.446
SYRACUSE, N. Y.
Bread and cake - Machine shops:
Agreement A:
O v e r m e n .............. ....................
Dough mixers ..............................
Dividers ..................................
Molders ...................................
Flour dumpers ............................
Wrapping-machine operators ...............
Oven loaders and dumpers .................
General helpers ..........................
Bread rackers, packers ...................
Agreement B:
Bread department:
Foremen, overmen .......................
Benchmen, head .........................
Flour blenders, wrapping-machine
operators ................ .............
Oven loaders and dumpers ...............
Pan greasers ...........................
General helpers .........................
Hand wrappers and other helpers (women) .
Cake department:
F o r e m e n ....... .................... .....
Mixers ..................................
Overxmen.... ............................
Dividermen........................... ..
Moldermen ..............................
Bench hands .............................
Mixers' helpers ............... ..........
Ingredient scalers, scaling-machine
operators ..............................
Bench help (women) .....................
Decorators (women) .................. .
Assistant decorators (women) ...........
Wrappers, packers, checkers (women) ....
Agreement C:
F o r e m e n ...................................
Overmen, m i x e r s ....... .................. .
Benchmen ..................................
Helpers (male) ............................
Helpers (women) ...........................
Pie and pastry shops:
Foremen .....................................
Bakers ............... ..................... .
O v e n m e n .................................... .
Machinemen, mixers ........................ .
Cookers .....................................
1.595
1.570
1.470
1.445
1.395
1.395
1.370
1.320
1.320
1.685
1.660
1.556
1.530
1.490
1.485
1.460
1.410
1.380
2 / 1.655
2 / 1.605
2/ 1.740
2 / 1.690
yy
%
J 1.320 yy
14 1.160
2/ 1 . 3 9 5
1.375
1.320
/
2 / 1.655
2/ 1.570
1.595
y &/)
(I/O
2 / 1.395
(6/)
2 / 1.480
2/ 1.460
1.405
1.405
26/1.245
2 / 1.740
2/ 1.705
2 / 1.680
2/1.560
2/
y 1.530
y
1.^30
1.505
MA.305
1^/1.270
26/1.160
2 / 1.480
3 £ A *405
M/1.390
U / l . 355
SA*245
1.482
1.382
1.302
1.032
•942
1.522
1.422
1.342
1.052
.982
y 1.213 y
yy i1.151
m y
2 / 1.372
2/ 1.188
2 / 1.372
1.213
1.188
1/1.365
1.151
TOLEDO, OHIO
Bread and cake - Hand shops:
Bread:
Dough mixers ............
O v e n m e n .................
1.615
1.615
1.675
1.675
2/
4.8-hour workweek*
Zj
Information not available for rate and hours on July 1, 1951.
1U
-hour workweek.
46
July 1,
1951
July 1,
1952
$1,535
1.485
1.445
1.215
$1,595
1.565
1.505
1.275
1.595
1.445
1.325
1.265
1.175
1.655
1.505
1.385
1.325
1.235
1.215
1.265
1.335
1.275
1.325
1.395
1.625
1.525
1.675
1.585
1.475
1.425
1.530
1.480
1.375
1.175
1.435
1.235
1.550
1.340
1.330
1.300
1.600
1.390
1.380
1.350
1.140
1.190
1.605
1.505
1.665
1.565
1.475
1.425
1.385
1.355
1.150
1.535
1.485
1.445
1.415
1.210
1.645
1.705
1.595
1.505
1.485
1.655
1.565
1.565
1.445
1.395
1.505
1.455
1.345
1.405
1.545
1.605
TOLEDO, OHIO - Continued
SPRINGFIELD, MASS. - Continued
Bread and cake - Machine shops: - Continued
Agreement B: - Continued
/
Dough-room helpers ......................
Floorladies (cake) ......................
Hand cake icers (women) .................
Agreement C:
Foremen ..................................
Dough mixers .......... ..................
Bench hands, ordermen (retail shops),
oven dumpers ................ ...........
Dividers, scalers, floormen, flour
blenders, molders, reliefmen ............
Dough-roan helpers ......................
Packers, slicers, icers, machine wrappers,
helpers (men) ..........................
Helpers (women) ............... ..........
Hebrew - Hand shops:
F o r e m e n ........................... ........
Second hands, dough mixers ................
Bench hands ................................
Rate per hour
City and occupation
Bread and cake - Hand shops: - Continued
Bread: - Continued
Bench f o r e m e n ......... .................. .
Benchmen ......................... .
Utilitymen................................
Hand wrappers ........................... .
Cake:
Mixers ....................................
Women bench hands ............... ..........
Women s h i p p e r s ..... .............. ........
Women hand icers ..........................
Women helpers ........................... .
Cleaners:
First 3 m o n t h s .... .....................
4 to 6 m o n t h s ..... .....................
After 6 months __________________________
Bread and cake - Machine shops:
Agreement A:
Major shops - Bread division:
First and second mixers, oven operators,
traveling-ovenmen .................... .
Head shipping clerks .................. .
Mixers* helpers, dividers, molders,
wrapping-machine set-up men, bread
b e n c h m e n ..... .............. .
Flour blenders, ingredientmen......... .
Bake-shop helpers,in packing, wrapping
and shipping r o o m s ..... .............
Women helpers ..........................
Cake division:
Ingredient scalers, dough mixers, icing
mixers, ovenmen .......................
Dumpers, depositors* helpers, checkers ..*
Stockroom men ..........................
Loaders, miscellaneous helpers .........
Women workers:
Cake-wrapping-machine operators, wrap
pers, packers, helpers, icers (hand) .
Agreement B:
Bread only:
Dough mixers, ovenmen ...................
Shipping clerks, receiving clerks .......
Wrapping-machine operators, oven loaders
and dumpers, dividers, molders, rollmachine operators, bread panners ......
Pan greasers ...........................
Flour dumpers ..........................
Bread rackers, checkers ............ .
Female helpers ............... ..........
Agreement C:
Smaller shops:
Foremen .................................
First mixers, cake mixers, head oven
operators .............................
Cake and reel-oven men, s e c o n d .... .
Roll bench hands, cake benchmen ........
Dividers, molders, mixers' helpers, bread
panners, second fill, pullers and
shovers, wrapping-machine operators ....
Ingredientmen, bench and machine helpers
Rackers, helpers, wrapping-machine
helpers, shipping-j'oom helpers ........
Agreement D:
Smaller shops:
Bread bench foremen ................... .
Shipping-and-receiving clerks, stock
,
clerks .... ................... ........
Automatic machine frymen, cake and
doughnut ...............................
Yeast raised products frymen, bread
bench hands .............. .............
Wrapping-machine operators .............
Cake bench helpers .............. .......
Women foremen, hand wrappers ...........
Pan greasers, cleaners (women), final
decorators ............................
Conveyor bread women, women helpers ....
1.505
1.565
1.395
1.565
1.495
1.455
1.405
1.335
1.555
1.515
1.465
1.395
1.275
1.185
1.335
1.245
42
TAB IE 15.— Union scales of wages and hours in the baking industry, in selected cities, July 1, 1951, and July 1, 1952 - Continued
Rate per hour
Rate per hour
City and occupation
July 1,
1951
July 1,
1952
TOIEDO, OHIO - Continued
Fie and pastry shops:
Working foremen, shipping clerks ,
Fiemaker overmen, class A ........
Bench hands, fillers, class B ....
Female pie trimmers on b e l t .... .
Male helpers, after 90 d a y s ..... .
Women helpers, after 90 days .....
♦1.455
1.4^5
1.315
1.365
1.315
1.185
♦1.550
1.550
1.510
1.460
1.410
1.280
1.750
1.350
1.250
1.150
1.850
1.450
1.350
1.950
1.450
2.050
1.550
1.200
1.300
1.545
1.655
1.405
1.340
1.290
1.110
1.400
1.220
1.020
1.130
1.040
1.290
1.020
1.150
1.710
1.550
1.440
1.755
1.595
1.485
1.300
1.300
1.400
WICHITA, KANS.
Bread and cake - Machine shops:
F o r e m e n .....................................
Dough mixers, spongers, overmen, head
pastry m e n ............ ....................
Shipping-and-receiving clerks ...............
Dividers, panners, bench hands, machinemen ..
Checkers ....................................
Pan greasers, bake-shop helpers, after 90
days .......................................
Wrapping-machine operators:
First 3 months ...........................
After 3 months ............................
Wrapping-machine helpers, after 90 days •••..
1.515
1.450
1.400
1.130
WORCESTER, MASS.
Bread and cake - Machine shops:
Agreement A:
Working foremen .......... ................
Dough mixers .............................
Dividermen, overmen, reliefmen, receivers .
Mixers* helpers, moldermen, oven feeders,
ingredient scalers, machine operators
(shipping), checkers ....................
General helpers, flour handlers, rackers ..
Agreement B:
Working f o r e m e n ........ ..................
Mixers ....................................
Bench hands, divider operators, overmen,
relieftnen...............................
Mixers’ helpers, molder operators,
ingredient scalers, oven feeders,
dumpers, wrapping-machine operators,
checkers ................................
Pan greasers, molder helpers, rackers,
bench helpers ...........................
Doughnut department:
Head machine operators .................
Mixers, machine operators ............. .
Packers, boxers ........................
Agreement C:
Shift foremen ............................
Mixers ....................................
Shipper foremen ..........................
Dividermen ................................
Moldermen, oven loaders, oven dumpers,
mixers’ helpers, batchmen, machine
w r a p p e r s ....... .............. ...........
Bakery helpers, bread rackers, flour
blenders ........ ............ ............
Women employees:
Bench helpers, icing-machine operators ..
leers, packers, wrappers, cleaners .....
1/
45-hour workweek,
July 1,
1951
July 1,
1952
WORCESTER, MASS. - Continued
WASHINGTON, D. C.
Bread and cake - Machine shops:
Day work:
Bake r8 .................... ...............
Bakers1 h e l p e r s ..... .....................
Miscellaneous workers ....................
Cake wrappers ............................
Night work:
Bakers ...................................
Bakers* helpers ................ ..........
Miscellaneous workers ....................
Cake wrappers ............................
City and occupation
1.390
1.310
1.435
1.355
1.710
1.550
1.755
1.595
1.440
1.485
1.390
1.435
1.310
1.355
1.500
1.390
1.180
1.545
1.435
1.225
1.710
1.550
1.540
1.440
1.755
1.595
1.585
1.485
1.390
1.435
1.310
1.355
1.310
1.180
1.355
1.235
Bread and cake - Machine shops: - Continued
Agreement D:
Head b e n c h m e n ............................
Foremen (shipper) ..................... .
Mixers ....................................
Bench hands, dividermen, receivers .......
Molders, oven feeders, mixers’ helpers,
wrapping-machine operators, shipping
packers (checkers), ingredient scalers,
shippers .................................
Bread rackers. pan greasers, general
helpers (men), shipping-room helpers,
flour handlers ......... .................
Agreement E :
Foremen ...................................
Cake bakers, bread bakers on bench, softpie m e n ..................................
Dough mixers .................... .........
Dividermen................................
Rotary overmen, tray overmen .............
Wrapping-machine operators ...............
Cake decorators, packers .............. .
Cake depositors ..........................
Pie girls .................................
Bench and machine helpers, bread panners,
moldermen ................................
Doughnut-machine operators ...............
Pan greasers, bread rackers ..............
Checkers, hand icers .....................
Pie and pastry shops:
Working foremen ............................
Head shippers (night) ......................
Mixers, dough dividers, overmen, head
shippers (day) ...................... .......
Filling cooks, relieftnen................. .
Head machine washers, assistant mixers, dough
dividers, helpers, machine feeders ........
Filling-room helpers ........................
Checkers and receivers, rimmers ............
Mixers’ helpers, fillers' helpers, checkers’
helpers, apple-machine operators, hemogenizers, assistant receivers ......... .
Pie machine and cake:
Fillers (women) ................. ..........
Apple-machine helpers, fruit cleaners, pie
packers, boxers ....................... .
Apple- and pie-machine operators (women),
packers (women) .........................
Hebrew baking:
Foremen .....................................
Second hands .......... .....................
First cake bakers, mixers ..................
Second cake bakers, bench hands ......... .
♦1.620
1.590
1.550
1.440
♦1.665
1.635
1.595
1.485
1.390
1.435
1.310
1.355
1.660
1.705
1.390
1.310
1.390
1.390
1.260
1.210
1.160
1.140
1.435
1.435
1.435
1.435
1.305
1.255
1.205
1.185
1.110
1.060
1.010
1.050
1.155
1.155
1.155
1.075
1.695
1.570
1.750
1.620
1.520
1.520
1.570
1.570
1.400
1.400
1.365
1.450
1.450
1.410
1.300
1.350
1.170
1.205
1.160
1.195
1.110
1.150
1/1.778
1/1.667
1/1.778
1/1.667
1/1.778
T/1.667
1/1.778
1/1.667
1.450
1*550
1.250
1.350
1.150
1.070
.950
1.250
1.170
1.050
1.440
1.360
1.340
1.330
1.310
1.300
1.285
1.280
1.270
1.190
1.100
1.500
YORK, PA.
Pie and pastry:
Head ordermen, ingredient scalers, cooks,
packers, dough mixers, custard mixers,
overmen .............................. .
Cooks' helpers, washing-machine men, ovenmen's helpers, order packers ..............
Pie makers, shell makers, toppers and
fillers ....................................
Utilitymen and helpers, dishwashers ........
Pie wrappers and crown makers, w o m e n .......
Crackers and cookies:
Machine captains ................... ........
Dough mixers ................................
Cooke rmen, o v e r m e n .............. ..........*.
Dough b r a k e m e n ....... ................ *.....
Machine set-up men ..........................
Flour dumpers ...............................
K i l n m e n ....................... .............
Mixers' helpers .............................
Dough feeders ...............................
Supervisors, women .........................
Helpers, women .............................
1.420
1.395
1.385
1.365
1.355
1.340
1.335
1.325
1.240
1.150
43
TABU? 15.— Union scales of wages and hours in the baking industry, in selected cities, July 1, 1951, and July 1, 1952 - Continued
Rate per hour
City and occupation
July 1,
1951
July 1,
1952
July 1,
1951
July 1,
1952
YOUNGSTOWN, OHIO - Continued
YOUNGSTOWN, OHIO
Bread and cake - Hand shops:
Bread:
Dough mixers, o v e r m e n ................. .
Bench hands ...... ........................
Wrapping-machine operators -_____
Ranchmen ..................................
Hand wrappers ............................
Cake:
Working foremen ...........................
Overmen, m i x e r s ......... .................
Bench hands ...............................
Helpers (oven) ..................... ....TTt
Hand icers, w o m e n .... ....................
Bread and cake - Machine shops:
Agreement A:
Foremen ...................................
Mirers, overmen ...........................
Oven dumpers and feeders, dividers,
machinemen, henchmen, bread panners,
mixers * helpers ............... ..........
Wrapping-machine operators, checkers .....
Pan greasers ..............................
Shipping-and-receiving clerks ............
Flour dumpers ............................
Bread rackers, wrapping-machine helpers,
truck loaders and helpers ................
Rate per hour
City and occupation
$1.605
1.520
1.440
1.360
1.210
.890
$1,655
1.570
1.490
1.410
1.260
.950
1.605
1.520
1.440
1.230
.890
1.655
1.570
1.490
1.280
.950
1.680
1.580
1.780
1.680
1.^80
1.380
1.330
1.380
1.330
1.580
1.580
1.580
1.480
1.430
1.300
1.400
Bread and cedes - Machine shops: - Continued
Agreement A: - Continued
Hand wrappers ........................ .
•
Agreement B:
Bread:
Foremen .................................
Dough mixers, o v e r m e n ................ .
Oven loaders and dumpers, dividers,
henchmen and machinemen, bread
panner8 .............................. .
Checkers, wrapping-machine
operators ........................ ..
Pan greasers ......... ..................
Shipping-and-receiving clerks . . . .....
Flour d u m p e r s ...... ....................
Bread rackers, wrapping-machine
operators' helpers .......... ..........
Hand wrappers .............. .
Cake:
F o r e m e n .............. ................. •
Mirers, overmen .........................
Ingredient scalers, scaling-machine
operators, depositor operators .........
Checkers, cake-wrapping-machine
operators (women) .....................
Packers and helpers ....................
Hand icers ....... .......... .
#
$1,100
$1,200
1*680
1.580
1.780
1.680
1.480
1.580
1.380
1.330
1.380
1.320
1.580
1.580
1.480
1.420
1.300
1.100
1.400
1.200
1.680
1.580
1.780
1.680
1.480
1.580
1.380
1.300
1.100
1.200
1.580
1.400
U. S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE : 1953 0 — 237179
@FedFRASER