The full text on this page is automatically extracted from the file linked above and may contain errors and inconsistencies.
Union Wages and Hours: The Baking Industry July 1, 1951 Bulletin No. 1053 UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF LABOR M a u r i c e J. T o b i n , S ecreta ry BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS E w a n Cl a g u e , C o m m issio n er Union Wages and Hours: The Baking Industry July 1, 1951 Bulletin No. 1053 UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF LABOR M a u r ic e J. T o b i n , Secretary BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS E w an Clague, For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U. S. Government Printing Office, Washington 25, D. C, Com m issioner Price 25 cents IETTER OF TRANSMITTAL UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF LABOR, Bureau of labor Statistics, Washington, D. C., January 15, 1952. The Secretary of Labor: I have the honor to transmit herewith the annual report on union wages and hours in the baking industry in 74 cities as of July 1, 1951# This report was prepared in the Bureau^ Division of Wages and Industrial Relations by Annette I. Sherier, under the direction of John F. Laciskey. Ewan Clague, Commissioner. Hon. Maurice J. Tobin, Secretary of Labor. CONTENTS Page Summary .......... ...... .........•••••«............... .........••••••••.••....... . Scope and method of s t u d y ....... ..... ......... «•••..... ...........«•••••••••••••• Trends in union wage scales ...... ......... ........ *. ••••.••••.............. •••• Rate variations by industry branch •••••.••••••••...... .. ,. ••...... ....... ••••.... City and regional rate variations ••••••.... .......... •.......................... .. Standard workweek....... ............ .......................... .............. . Union scales of wages and hours, by c i t y ....... ............ ....................... 1 1 1 2 2 3 3 Tables: 1. 2. 3* 4• 5. 6. 7. 8. 9* 10. 11. 12. 13 • 14* 15. Indexes of union hourly wage rates and weekly hours in the baking industry, 1939-51 A. 1939 • 1 0 0 . 0 ................................................. P. 1947-49 = 1 0 0 . 0 .............................................. Average unl-^n wage rates in the baking industry, July 1, 1951, and increases since July 1, 1950, by type of baking ............. . Percent increases in union wage rates and percent of workers affected, by type of baking, July 1, 1950, to July 1, 1 9 5 1 ...................... Cents-per-hour increases in union wage rates and percent of workers affected, by type of baking, July 1, 1950, to July 1, 1951 •»••••••••••• Distribution of union members in the baking industry, by type of baking and by hourly wage rates, July 1, 1951 ............. ....... ........ . Average union hourly wage rates and wage increases in bread and cake hand shops, by city, July 1, 1950, to July 1, 1951 ••••••••.... ..... .. Average union hourly wage rates and wage increases in bread and cake machine shops, by city, July 1, 195fy to July 1, 1951 ......... ••••••••• Average union hourly wage rates and wage increases in pie and pastry shops, by city, July 1, 1950, to July 1, 1951 •••••••••••••••••••••.•••• Average union hourly wage rates and wage increases in Hebrew bake shops, city, July 1, 1950, to July 1, 1951 ........... ............. Average union hourly wage rates and wage increases in other nationality bake shops, by city, July 1, 1950, to July 1, 1 9 5 1 ...... . Average union hourly wage rates and wage increases in cracker and cooky shops, by city, July 1, 1950, to July 1, 1951 •••••.•••••••••.•••. Average union wage rates in the baking industry, population group and by type of baking, July 1, 1951 ......... .............. Average union wage rates in the baking industry, by region and by type of baking, July 1, 1 9 5 1 .......................................... Distribution of union members in the baking industry, by straight-time weekly hours, and type of baking, July 1, 1951 •••••••••••••••••••••»••• Union scales of wages and hours in the baking industry, in selected cities, July 1, 1950, and July 1, 1 9 5 1 ........ ............... ...... . by by 4 4 4 4 5 5 5 6 6 6 7 7 7 7 7 8 Union Wages and Hours in the Baking Industry, July 1,1951 Summftry Hourly wage scales of organized bakery workers rose 5.7 percent, or 8 cents an hour, between July 1, 1950, and July 1, 1951, according to the Bureau of Labor Statistics1 thirteenth annual survey of union scales in the baking industry* On July 1, 1951, the average union scale for all bakery workers was f1 *4-5 an hour, and varied by type of baking from $1.18 in cracker and cooky plants to $2*04 in Hebrew bakeries* Mechanized bread and cake shops, which employed over half of the workers in the study, had scales averaging $ 1*4 2 an hour* Eighty-five percent of the workers covered in the current study received wage increases resulting from the negotiations of contracts effective during the 12 -month period* Straight-time hours averaged 40*7 a week and showed no change from the previous year* The 40-hour standard workweek was most prevalent in the industry and was in effect for over four-fifths of all bakery workers studied* are based on comparable quotations for the various classifications in both years weighted by the membership reported in 1951. Trend of Union Wage Scales The 5.7 peroent rise in average hour ly scales between July 1, 1950 ,and July 1, 1 9 5 1 , exceeded the 4 .3 percent increase during the previous year and advanced the index of union hourly rates to 20 3.4 2 / (table 1). On July 1, 1951, union hourly rates in the baking industry were 17.7 per cent above the average for the 3 years (1947-49) prior to the outbreak in Korea* the percent By type of baking, amount of in crease ranged from 5 .2 in bread and cake machine shops to 7*0 percent in cracker and cooky plants. In terms of cents-per-hour, the greatest average gain (12 cents) was made by workers in Hebrew bakeries* Machine bread and cake establish ments, with an average advance of 7 cents, was the only group to record such adjust ments averaging below the over-all aver age increase of 8 cents (table 2 ). Soop* and Method of Study The information presented in this re port is based on union scales in effect on July 1, 1951 which covered approximately 75,000 union bakery workers in 74 cities ranging in population from about 40,000 to over 1,000,000* Data were obtained pri marily from local unions by mail question naire; in some cities local union officials were visited by Bureau representatives for the desired information* Union scales are defined as the mini mum wage rates, or maximum schedules of hours agreed upon through collective bar gaining between employers and trade-unions* Rates in excess of the negotiated minimum which may be paid for special qualifica tions or other reasons are not included. Average hourly rates, designed to show current levels, are based on all rates re ported in effect on July 1, 1951; individu al rates are weighted by the number of union members working at the rate* These averages are not measures for yearly com parisons because of annual changes in union membership and in classifications studied* Average cents-per-hour and percentage changes from July 1, 1950, to July 1, 1951, Approximately 85 percent of the union bakery workers included in the survey re ceived wage advances during the year* The proportion of workers benefiting from scale revisions varied by type of baking and ranged from 81 percent in machine bread and cake establishments to 98 percent in Hebrew bakeries. Of the workers benefiting from scale adjustments between July 1, 1950, and July 1 , 1 9 5 1 , a fourth received in creases of less than 5 percent, over half from 5 to 10 percent, and a fifth from 10 to 15 percent. (See table 3.) Cracker and cooky plants, which had the lowest average 1/ In the index series, designed for trend purposes, year-to-year changes in union scales are based on comparable quo tations for the various occupations in the two consecutive years, weighted by the number of union members reported at each quotation in the current year* Beginning with this report, the base for the computation of the index series has been shifted from June 1, 1949, to the average of the 3 -year period 1947-49* In dex tables computed on both old and new bases are presented in this report. In future reports, indexes on the 1939 base will be discontinued. 2 scale, was the only branch of the industry in which a majority of the workers showed gains ranging from 10 to 15 percent. In the other 5 branches, at least half of the workers received adjustments ranging from 5 to 10 percent. About a third of the machine bread and cake shop workers record ed advances of less than 5 percent. Although individual increases ranged up to 38 cents an hour, raises of 5 to 15 cents were most frequent (table 4)• About half of the bakery workers receiving scale revisions had adjustments ranging from 10 to 1 5 cents an hour, and 3 of every 8 re ceived increases of from 5 to 10 cents. Rate Variations bv Industry Branch On July 1 1951, wage rates of union bakery workers engaged in preparing and processing bakery products averaged # 1 .4 5 an hour. In the baking industry such fac tors as baking process, type of product, and specialized or more standard baking have a marked influence in the over-all levels of hourly scales. Most of the baked goods are now standardized and produced by mass-production techniques in highly mecha nized establishments. Many of the workers perform routine tasks requiring little training. Standardized baking, found pri marily in bread and cake machine shops, pie and pastry bakeries, and cracker and cooky plants, employed about 80 percent of all bakery workers studied. In specialized baking and hand shops, the labor force is comprised mainly of skilled all-round journeymen; consequently, average union hourly scales in this type of baking exceed those in standardized baking. Rate levels for specialized baking ranged from #1.73 in bread and cake hand shops to #2,04 in Hebrew bakeries. In mechanized shops, which employ large num bers of lower skilled workers, average hourly scales varied from #1.18 in cracker and cooky plants to # 1 .4 2 in machine bread and cake shops. Although hourly scales of individual workers tended to cluster heavily around the average in each type of baking, these scales ranged from # 1 .2 0 to # 2 .1 0 in shops producing nationality baked goods other than Hebrew and from less than 90 cents to #2 or more in all other types of shops. Over two-thirds of the workers in shops baking Hebrew products were employed under negotiated contracts providing scales of at least #2 an hour (table 5 )* City and Regional Rate Variations Union scales for the various branches of the baking industry varied from city to city as well as within a city. Scale levels in the bakirg industry in the 74 cities in cluded in the study ranged from 85 oents for pie and pastry shops in Chattanooga to #2.31 for Hebrew bakeries in Detroit. Within individual cities there was no consistent relationship between the various braxiuut>3 oi industry. Hew York, for example, had the highest scale level for bread and cake hand shops, and the second lowest for other nationality baking; it ranked third in Hebrew baking, twelfth in v~ead and cake machine shops, and sixteenth in cracker and cooky plants. On July 1, 1951, average scales in the 72 cities having mechanized bread and cake shops in which over half of the union bakery workers studied were employed, ranged from 91 cents an hour in Jackson to #2,12 in Oakland. Five Pacific Coast cities were among the 6 having scales averaging at least # 1 .6 5 ; all 4 cities with levels under #1 were located in the Southeastern region. Scale levels in excess of #1.50 were recorded for about half of the 35 cities which had bread and cake hand shops. Aver age union scales for this branch of the industry ranged from #1.13 in Chattanooga to #1.98 in New York City. Among the 18 cities having Hebrew bakeries, average union scales ranged from #1.37 in Pittsburgh to #2.31 in Detroit. Levels in excess of #2 were recorded for 6 of these cities and of less than ♦i .5 0 for 2 cities. Rate levels for cracker and cooky plants varied from 95 cents in Salt Lake City to #1.46 in Houston. Half of the 34 cities in this group had average scales of # 1 . 1 0 to #1.30 an hour. San Francisco led in the other two branches of the industry with average scales of # 1 .9 8 for pie and pastry shops and # 1 .9 2 for other nationality baking. Chattanooga (85 cents) and Los Angeles (#1 .54 ), had the lowest city levels in the respective branches. When the cities in the survey are grouped according to population size, it is clearly indicated that average union hourly rates for all branches of the indus try combined were typically highest in the largest population centers and descended in accordance with city size (table 12)* Average scales generally followed a somewhat similar pattern among the indi vidual industry branches. Some of the major exceptions are noted herewith. Scale levels for pie and pastry shops and other nationality bakeries in cities with popu lations of 500,000 to 1,000,000 exceeded those with a 1,000,000 or more population by 7 and 9 cents, respectively. Cracker and cooky plants in the A0,000 to 100,000 population group had scales averaging 2.3 cents above the level in cities with popu lations of 500,000 to 1,000,000. On a regional basis, the national average for all baking ($1.45) was ex ceeded by two regions - the Middle Atlantic States ($1.58) and Pacific Coast ($1.63)* The scale level in the Southeast region was 34 cents below the national average and 52 cents below the level of the Pacific region (table 13)• Bread and cake machine shops and cracker and cooky shops were the only branches of the industry represented In all regions. The highest scale levels in these branches were ($1.75) for mechanized bread and cake shops on the Pacific Coast and ($1.28) for cracker and cooky baking in the Southwest. Standard Workweek The average straight-time workweek of 40.7 hours for all bakery workers remained unchanged between July 1, 1950, and July 1, 1951* The 40-hour workweek was most pre valent and was applicable to over fourfifths of all bakery workers studied. Union agreements in effect on July 1, 1951 provided standard work schedules of 40 hours or less for over 98 percent of the workers in 3 branches of the indus try - bread and cake machine shops, pie and pastry shops, and cracker and cooky shops. Over a fourth of the workers in bread and cake hand*shops and in other nationality bake shops were employed under agreements specifying standard workweeks of 48 hours; more than half of the Hebrew bakers had straight-time weekly schedules of at least 44 hours. (See table 14#) Union Scales of Wages and Hours by City Table 15 presents union hourly wage scales and straight-time hours per week in effect on July 1, 1950, and July 1, 1951, for each classification of bakery workers by type of baking in each of the 74 cities included in the study. Where more than one union rate was in effect for the same occu pation in a particular city, all rates are listed with the letters,A, B, C, etc., de signating the various effective agreements. The sequence of the letters does not indi cate the relative importance of the agree ments or rates. 4 TABUS 1A.—Indexes of union hourly wage rates and weekly hours in the baking industry, 1939 - 51 /June 1, 1939 = 1007 Tear 1939: 1940: 1941: 1942: 1943: 1944: 1945: 1946: 1947: 1948: 1949: 1950: 1951« June June June July July July July July Ju'y July July July July 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 TABUS IB.—Indexes of union hourly wage rates and weekly hours in the baking industry, 1939 - 51 /July 1, 1947, 48, 49 = ICO? Index of hourly rates Index of weekly hours 100.0 100.0 102.7 99.5 99.2 99.1 98.6 ........ ................. . .......... ................ ............ ............. . ...... .................... ..................... ..... ...................... ........................... ........................... ........... ............... .......................... .......................... ........ .............I.... ........................... 106.1 116.3 121.2 122.0 123.6 1939: June 1 1940: June 1 1941* June 1 1942: July 1 1943: July 1 1944: July 1 1945* July 1 1946: July 1 1947: July 1 1948: July 1 1949: July 1 1950: July 1 1951: July 1 98.6 98.6 98.3 98.2 93.2 97.8 97.8 97.7 141.6 160.6 173.4 184.5 192.4 203.4 Tear ................................................... .......................................... ..................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ..................... ................. ...................................................... ........................... ....................... ...................................................... ............................., ...................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... Index of hourly rates 57.9 59.4 61.4 67.3 70.1 70.6 71.5 81,9 92.9 100.3 106.8 111.3 117.7 Index of weekly hours ... 102.0 101.5 101.2 101.1 100.6 100.6 100.6 100.2 100.1 100.1 99.7 99.7 99.6 TABUS 2.—Average union wage rates in the baking industry, July 1, 1951, and increases since July 1, 1950, by type of baking Average rate per hour July 1. 1951 1 / $1.45 Type of baking All baking ..................................................................................................................... Bread and cake: Hand......................................................................................................................... Machine............................................................................................. ................... Pie and pastry ............................................................. ............................................ Nationality baking: Hebrew............................................................................................................... Other ....................... ........................................................ ................. Cracker and cooky ................................................................. ................................... Amount of increase July 1. 1950 - July 1. 1951 2/_ Percent Cents per hour 1.73 1.42 1.34 2.04 1.74 1.18 5.7 8 5.8 5.2 6.3 6.2 5.3 7.0 10 7 3 12 10 8 1/ Average rates are based on all rates in effect on July 1, 1951; individual rates are weighted by the number of union members reported at each rate. 2/ Based on comparable quotations for 1950 and 1951; weighted by the membership reported in 1951. TABUS 3.—Percent increases in union wage rates and percent of workers affected, by type of baking, July 1, 1950, to July 1, 1951 Type of baking All baking....................... . Bread and cake: Hand....................................... Machine ................................. Pie and pastry ......................... Nationality baking: Hebrew .......................... . Other ..................................... Cracker and cooky .................... Percent of union workers Percent of workers affected affected by Less 5 and 10 and 15 and No Increase Decrease than 5 under 10 under 15 tinder 20 change percent percent percent percent 0.1 15,4 34.5 20.1 44.9 18.2 1.0 84.6 15.4 19.2 80.7 9.0 91.0 1.3 98.4 5.8 94.2 11.3 88.0 ________ 1__________ 1/ Less than 0.05 of 1 percent. - .1 .2 .2 - 11.0 26.3 16.5 12,2 22.1 12.2 58.3 41.4 61.6 77.6 71.6 30.7 12.7 11.6 11.9 8.5 .5 44.4 2.6 .9 .9 .1 .6 by increase of 20 and 25 and under 25 ' under 30 30andpercent over percent percent 0.2 0.1 llA .3 .1 .1 (1/) 0.1 0 /) _ - - _ .1 Table 4.__Cents-por-hour increase in union wage rates and percent of workers affected by type of baking, July 1, 1950 to July 1, 1951 Percent of union workers affected by increase 84.5 All baking ..........................................*............ Bread and cake: 84.6 Hand .......................................................... 80,7 Machine ..................................................... 91.0 Pie and pastry Nationality baking: Hebrew ......................... ............. 93.4 94.2 Other ..................................................... 83.0 Cracker and cooky ............................................ Type of baking Percent of workers affected 10 and 15 and Less 5 and under under than under 5 cents 10 cents 15 oents 20 oents ,_7..2..... .....3.2*0 . ._2St2___ ___ 7.5 7.8 .5 8.6 6.0 9.7 12.1 37,2 55.4 9.2 42.1 32.1 by increasie of «* 20 and 25 and 30 cents and under under over 25 cents 30 cents 0.1 ....0JL 4.6 4.5 1.0 9.8 26.4 2.8 55.5 30.1 33.2 68.6 19.7 42.9 .1 .1 - 1.8 .1 (1/0 .1 3.1 .9 .8 2.2 .4 1/ Less than 0.05 of 1 percent. Table 5.—Distribution of union members in the baking industry by type of baking and by hourly wage rates, July 1, 1951 Type of baking All baking Bread and cake: Hand........................... Machine Pie and pastxy .............. Nationality baking: Hebrew ••••••••••••• Other ................. Cracker and cooky . . . . . ij Percent cf uniom meml>ers wtose r*tes (:In cen’tsi pei hour were Av6 r8|jc 80 90 100 110 120 130 140 150 “lScT 170 180 190 200 210 220 230 240 and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and Under per under under under under under under under under under under under under under under under and hour 80 under 90 100 110 120 130 140 150 160 170 330 190 200 210 220 230 240 ovex 0.3 ..Aa4 .,.4*3... 2 ** U..2 , 10,3. 19.6 ■ U.5 %9 8t2 ?t» ..2*4. ?** 3,3 1,0 P*.4. 0*4 1.731 1.420 1.341 2.040 1.7431.183 - .5 •U 1.5 3.0 8.6 .4 9.8 12.4 .3 -.2 .1 .3 . .5 3.8 10.5 19.6 .2 .6 .8 1.3 3.3 5.9 8.6 4.9 14.6 21.8 12.0 6.8 6 .0 7.8 1.3 9.5 12.2 12.2 16.6 14.7 9.7 3.6 1.6 3.0 3.3 .9 .1 10.1 13.0 13.6 11.0 13.1 5.0 4.4 .6 2.5 1.5 .7 .6 .1 1.4 2.0 1.5 2.1 2.5 10.3 n .7 18.1 30.1 13.3 .7 10.3 7.6 17.5 19.1 34.2 6.9 3.7 26.0 13.2 11.2 8.9 3.3 2.4 .4 .2 (i/> o o - 1.7 _ 3.8 - 3.6 .7 2.2 _ - Less than 0.05 of 1 percent. TABLE 6 .—Average union hourly wage rates and wage increases in bread and cake hand shops by city, July 1, 1950 to July 1, 1951 City New York, N.Y.................... Oakland, Calif. .............. San Francisco, Calif. .. Baltimore, Md. ••••••••• Los Angeles, Calif. •••• Portland, Oreg. . . . . . . . . Average, all cities . . . . Chicago, 111. ••••••«••• Rochester, N.X. . . . . . . . . Cleveland, Ohio • • ....• • Washington, D.C. . . . . . . . Butte, Mont. Denver, Colo. Springfield, Mass. ••••• Newark, N.J........................ Pittsburg, Pa. •••••••• Phoenix, Ariz.................... Average rate per hour July 1. 1951 ♦ 1.982 1.784 1.772 1.770 1.765 1.763 1.731 i 1.678 1.624 i 1.595 1.550 1.534 1.524 . 1.522 1.505 1.504 1.495 Amount of increase July 1. 1950 - July 1. 1951 Percent Gents per hour i ! i ! ! ! I 7.4 7.0 .2 6.4 6.6 6,7 5*8 7.0 3.? 1.3 0 10.0 5.5 0 0 10.5 10.0 13.7 11.7 *3 10.6 11.0 11.0 9.5 10.9 5.0 2 .0 C 13.9 8.0 0 0 14.3 13.6 1/ Includes Rock Island and Moline, 111., and Davenport, Iowa. 985312 0 - 52 - 2 City Average rate per hour Toledo, Ohio .................. *1.449 New Haven, Conn. . . . . . . 1.420 St. Paul, Minn................ 1.401 Minneapolis, Minn. . . . . 1.394 Duluth, Minn. ••••••••• 1.387 South Bend, Ind. . . . . . . 1.337 St. Louis, Mo. 1.377 Peoria, 111...................... 1.372 Providence, R.I.............. 2.343 Milwaukee, Wis. . . . . . . . 1.335 Rock Island, (111.) District 1 / ......... 1.332 Scranton, Pa. ••..••••• 2.304 Handiester, N.H. . . . . . . 1.270 Salt Lake City, Utah .. ! 1.265 Youngstown, Ohio........ . 1.264 Boston, Mass. 1.259 Chattanooga, Term, . . . . 1.125 Amount of increase July 1. 19'50 - July 1. 1951 Percent Cents per hour 1 I j i ! ; i 1.9 6.8 6.0 6.0 0 3.0 10.0 3.2 3.5 7.2 2.3 5.6 6.7 5.5 6.0 6 .0 13.0 2.7 9.0 8.0 7.9 0 4.0 12.5 4.2 4.5 8.9 3.0 7.0 8.0 6.6 7.1 7.2 12.9 6 TABLE 7.-— Average union hourly wage rates and wage increases in bread and cake machine shops, by city, July 1, 1950 to July 1, 1951 City Los Angeles, Calif. . . . . San Francisco, Calif. .. Butte, Mont................... .. Spokane, Wash. ••••........ Portland, Oreg........... Washington, D. C. . . . . . . Cincinnati, Ohio........... Phoenix, Aria. . . . . . . . . . Seattle, Wash. ................ Rochester, N.7.................. New York, N.Y................... Newark, N.J. . . . . . . . . . . . Denver, Colo................ Peoria, 111....................... Detroit, Mich. ................ Pittsburgh, Pa.................. Houston, Tex..................... Buffalo, N.Y..................... St. Louis, Mo.................... Dayton, Ohio ................ Average, a ll cities . .. . Kansas City, Mo.............. Youngstown, Ohio......... • Chicago, 111................. Des Moines, Iowa ............ Toledo, Ohio............. Salt Lake City, Utah ... Rock Island, (111.) District y .................. Minneapolis, Minn............ Philadelphia, Pa............. Oklahoma City, Okla. ... Uofn a Mnsfl, St. Paul, Minn.................. New Haven, Conn................ ft + .« T j X/ 7j . . . . . . . Average Average Amount of increase Amount of increase rate rate July 1. 1950 - July 1. 1951 July 1. 1950 - July 1. 1951 City per hour per hour Cents per hour Cents per how July 1, 1951 Percent July 1, 1951 Percent South Bend, Ind, . . . . . $1,346 8.2 $2,116 16.0 2.9 3.9 5.0 Portland, Me............. 1.332 1.830 6.4 12.5 7.3 Boston, Mass. ....• • • • 5.7 7.1 14.0 1.808 1.329 8.4 Duluth, Minn.................. 0 15.8 0 1.736 10.0 1.325 Syracuse, N.Y. .••••«• 5.6 1.710 1.323 9.1 9.5 11.4 7.2 Louisville, S y .......... 11.8 1.317 8.9 7.7 1.655 7.8 0 0 Scranton, Pa. . . . . . . . . 1.305 9.4 1.603 Reading, Pa.................. 6.8 1.295 1.594 5.3 8.3 3.4 Columbus, Ohio ...•• •• 1.288 .8 1.0 1.561 10.0 14.2 5.0 Cleveland, Ohio . . . . . . 0 0 1.285 7.4 1.554 4.8 Indianapolis, Ind. ... 1.527 1.285 3.3 (2/) (1/) Providence, R.I. . . . . . 8.6 4.8 7.0 1.282 7.2 1.519 Grand Rapids, Mich. •• 6.0 1.518 4.1 1.279 6.5 7.9 8.0 1.506 5.6 8.0 New Orleans, La. ........ 1.267 6.7 Omaha, Nebr, ............. 0 0 5.0 1.264 3.5 1.481 1.252 6.1 Charleston, W. Va. ... 7.2 10.2 13.5 1.457 13.2 Dallas, Tex. . . . . . . . . . 3.6 10.0 1.239 1.447 4.4 Wichita, Kans................ 1.236 11.6 15.0 0 0 1.441 5.8 Little Rock, Ark.......... 4.2 1.235 8.5 1.434 7.4 Milwaukee, Wis.............. 7.0 1.218 1.2 1.428 9.3 1.4 2.2 1.218 San Antonio, Tex. . .. . 5.2 6.0 3.1 1.425 5.2 Springfield, Mass. ... 7.0 0 0 1.420 1.203 0 Memphis, Term................ 1.197 0 3.5 4.1 1.417 Richmond, Va. .............. 2.6 3.0 0 0 1.193 1.417 Baltimore, Md................ 8.6 9.0 10.0 1.148 1.398 7.7 El Faso, Tex. ............. 1.111 10.0 7.0 1.397 9.9 5.3 3.8 Birmingham, Ala............ 1.107 1.387 3.3 2.5 4.1 3.6 3.8 Atlanta, Ga. . . . . . . . . . 1.100 1.378 4.9 6.4 0 0 Chattanooga, Tenn. ... 1.079 8.2 Norfolk, Va. . . . . . . . . . 8.2 2.2 3.0 1.368 1.073 Charlotto, N.C. . . . . . . 1.366 6.0 4-7 4.6 1.065 4.7 Jacksonville, Fla. ... 1.016 9.0 9.0 1.361 4.1 5.3 Knoxville, Tenn............ 6.0 1.360 0 0 .991 6.4 I .3 5 7 11.3 Miami, Fla. . . . . . . . . . . 6.1 7.8 .982 10.0 6.1 Charleston, S.C............ 1.352 4.7 5.6 6.4 .935 9.0 Jackson, Miss................ 2.6 7.1 1.350 .913 2.9 Includes Rock Island and Moline, 111., and Davenport, Iowa* Less than 0.05 of 1 percent (Decrease) Less than 1 mill (Decrease) TABLE 8.—Average union hourly wage rates and wage increases in pie TABLE 9.—Average union hourly wage rates and wage increases In Hebrew and pastry shops by city, July 1, 1950 to July 1, 1951 bake shops by city, July 1, 1950 to July 1, 1951 City San Francisco, Calif.......... Los Angeles, Calif.............. St. Paul, Minn...................... New York, N.Y....................... Detroit, Mich. ................... Average, a ll cities . . . . . . Toledo, Ohio ••••............. Boston, M ass..................... Worcester, Mass.................. Indianapolis, Ind................ Philadelphia, Pa. ............. Cleveland, Ohio . . . . . . . . . . Syracuse, N.Y. ................... Omaha, Nebr. ..................... . Buffalo, N.Y.......................... Columbus, Ohio ................... York, Pa................................. Providence, R.I............... Scranton, Pa..................... Chicago, 111. ...................... Baltimore, Md. .................... South Bend, Ind.................... Duluth, Minn, ...................... Chattanooga, Tenn................ Average Amount of increase rate July 1. 1950 - July 1. 1951 per hour Percent Cents per hour July 1, 1951 $1,980 9.3 4.9 9.8 14.0 1.564 1.557 4.0 6.0 9.2 1.533 6.4 11.1 1.439 8.4 1.341 6.3 7.9 1.336 2.5 1.9 10.0 1.297 8.4 7.6 9.0 1.297 0 1.296 0 6.1 1.281 5.0 1.261 0 0 13.6 12.7 1.209 0 0 1.204 10.2 1.202 9.3 0 0 1.191 1.158 5.0 4.5 1.110 10.0 9.9 1.097 7.3 7.5 6.0 5.9 1.075 6.8 7.2 1.024 5.2 5.0 1.020 .970 0 0 .848 0 0 City Detroit, Mich............... Los Angeles, Calif.......... New York, N.Y.................... Chicago, 111. .................. Rochester, N.Y................ Ayeiage^.all.cities . . . . Boston, Mass. .................. Newark, N.J....................... New Haven, Conn................ Providence, R.I. ............ Cleveland, Ohio .............. Philadelphia, Pa.............. Worcester, Mass................ Minneapolis, Minn.......... . Springfield, Mass........... Milwaukee, Wis. ..•••••• Denver, Colo. .................. St. Louis, Mo............... Pittsburgh, Pa. ••••..•• Average Amount of increase rate July 1. 195>0 - July 1. 1951 per hour Percent Cents per hour July 1, 1951 $2,308 2.173 2.128 2.121 2.077 2.040 2.010 1.924 1.908 1.885 1.842 1.802 1.700 1.592 1.523 1.512 1.509 1.416 1.374 5.7 8.9 6.6 7.3 3.1 6.2 10.2 7.5 5.8 3.6 5.1 .9 4.0 3.9 0 7.1 5.6 1.6 4.8 12.4 17.8 13.2 14.3 6.3 12.0 18.7 13.3 10.4 6.6 9.0 1.6 6.5 6.0 0 10.0 8.0 2.2 6.3 7 TABLE 10.—Average union hourly wage rates and wage increases in other nationality bake shops, by city, July 1, 1950, to July 1, 1951 Amount of increase Average rate per hour July 1. 1950 - July 1. 1951 City July 1, 1951 Percent Cents per hour 11.922 San Francisco, Calif. .. 15.0 8.5 7.2 Chicago, 111..................... 1.851 12.5 Detroit, Mich ................. 1.781 4.4 7.5 5.8 Average^ a ll cities . .. . 1.741 9.5 1.680 Buffalo, N.'Y. 7.............. 4.7 7.6 Cleveland, Ohio .............. 1.672 1.2 1.9 New York, N. Y.................. 5.8 8.8 1.593 1.538 Los Angeles, Calif.......... 0 0 TABUS 11.—Average union hourly wage rates and wage increases in cracker and cooky shops, by city, July 1, 1950, to July 1, 1951 Amount of increase Average rate City per hour July 1. 1950 - July 1. 1951 July 1. 1951 Percent Cents per hour Houston, Tex..................... 11.458 8.6 11.5 Rochester, N. Y................ 3.0 4.0 1.377 Newark, N. J............. .. 1.326 - 5.3 - 7.4 1.306 11.6 13.6 Pittsburgh, Pa................. Philadelphia, Pa.............. 1.298 10.0 11.8 1.278 Oakland, Calif................. 4.3 5.3 9.0 Buffalo, N. Y................... 1.277 10.5 Detroit, Mich................... 12.7 1.269 11.1 Chicago, 111................... . 9.6 1.263 8.3 Atlanta, Ga....................... 9.8 1.249 11.1 St. Louis, Mo................... 1.226 9.6 8.5 10.2 York, Pa............................. 1.205 11.1 1.200 Omaha, Nebr......................... 10.0 9.1 Kansas City, Mo................ 7.6 1.195 8.4 7.0 Average, a ll cities .. . . 7.8 1.183 Portland, Qreg.................. 1.180 Cl/) (l/> New York, N. Y.................. 1.171 4.9 5.5 Cincinnati, Ohio ............ 1.157 3.1 3.5 Cleveland, Ohio .............. 1.122 0 0 0 Boston, Mass..................... 0 1.113 Duluth, Minn..................... 1.108 0 0 Seattle, Wash................... 1.106 0 0 Dayton, Ohio ................... 6.7 5.4 1.105 St. Paul, Minn.................. 1.098 11.6 11.4 Los Angeles, Calif.......... 10.1 10.0 1.094 Denver, Colo..................... 1.07a 6.4 6.5 Richmond, Va..................... 7.x 7.0 1.057 Baltimore, Md................... 6.6 1.031 6.4 Milwaukee, Wis.................. 1.030 0 0 Columbus, Ohio ................ 0 0 1.003 Minneapolis, Minn............ 5.0 .989 5.3 Dallas, Tex....................... .986 6.8 6.3 Spokane, Wash................. .. 4.6 .985 4.4 Birmingham, Ala................ 8.0 .952 7.0 Salt Lake City, Utah ... .950 5.6 5.0 1 / Data not available for 1950. TABLE 12.—Average union wage rates in the baking industry, by population group and by type of baking, July 1, 1951 PODUliation grout) Cities Cities Cities Cities Cities with with with with with Type of baking 500,000 250,000 100,000 40,000 1,000,000 to to to to or more 1,000.000 500,000 250,000 100,000 All baking .................. *1.597 $1.4?4 __ *1.352 $1,260 Bread and cake: 1.592 1.621 1.356 1.398 Hand....................... 1.869 Machine .................. 1.509 1.406 1.422 1.298 1.253 1.422 1.332 1.174 1.158 Pie and pastry .......... 1.354 Nationality baking: Hebrew ................... 2.095 1.806 1.863 1.780 Other ..................... 1.724 1.813 1.182 1.163 1.080 1.205 Cracker and cooky ... 1.243 _ - TABLE 13. — Average union, wage rates in the baking industry, by region 1/ and by type of baking, July 1, 1951 United New Middle Border South States England Atlantic States east Type of baking All baking..................... Bread and cake: Hand........................... Machine ..................... Pie and pastry .............. Nationality baking: Hebrew..................... „ Other........................ Cracker and cooky........ tl.U 8 *1.365 SI.580 .JX.271 1.731 1.420 1.341 2.040 1.741 1.183 1.318 1.314 1.258 1.935 1.113 1.907 1.453 1.404 2.059 1.603 1.268 All baking ...................... Bread and cake: Hand ........................... Machine ..................... Pie and pastry............. Nationality baking: Hebrew....................... Other......................... Cracker and cooky ........ 1.635 1.125 1.316 1.079 1.024 .848 _ _ 1.049 1.194 Great Middle Lakes West South Moun Pacific west tain 1.367 1.322 1.289 1.273 1.629 1.595 1.377 1.195 2.005 1.813 1.167 1.377 1.384 1.204 1.416 1.204 1.437 1.772 1.291 1.506 1.748 1.669 1.509 2.173 1.790 1.276 1.056 1.181 l / The regions in this New England ............ Middle Atlantic . .. Border States ........ Southeast ................ Great Lakes ............ Middle West ............ Southwest ................ Mountain .................. Pacific .................... _ study include: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, Rhode Island, and Vermont; New Jersey, New York, and Pennsylvania; Delaware, District of Columbia, Ken tucky, Maryland, Virginia, and West Virginia; Alabama, Florida, Georgia, Mississippi, North Care'1ina, South Carolina, and Tennessee; Illin ois, Indiana, Michigan, Minnesota, Ohio,' and Wisconsin; Iowa, Kansas, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, and South Dakota; Arkansas, Louisiana, Oklahoma, and Texas; Arizona, Colorado, Idaho, Montana, New Mexico, Utah, and Wyoming; California, Nevada, Oregon, and Washington. TABLE 14.—Distribution of union members in the baking industry by straight-time weekly hours, and type of baking July 1, 1951 Type of baking All baking ................. Bread and cake: Hand....................... Machine .................. Pie and nastry .......... Nationality baking: Hebrew.................. Other ..................... Cracker and cooky ... 1/ Less than 0.05 Perctmt of w<sekly hours Average Over 40 Over 44 hours l&ider and 44 and 48 40 under per 40 under week 48 44 40.7 1.0 43.5 39.9 5.3 40.0 44.0 _ 42.8 40.0 of 1 percent. 81.9 4,3 0.4 4.7 ?.7 38.3 12.9 2.4 16.9 28.5 92.9 .5 <l/> .4 .9 .2 99.8 8.6 35.2 39.4 16.8 54.0 11.5 5.8 28.7 100.0 - TABLE 15.—Union scales of wages and hours in the baking industry, in selected cities, July 1, 1950 and July 1, 1951 ^/flours are AO per week for both years unless otherwise indicated/ City and occupation ATLANTA, GA. Bread and cake - Machine shops: Agreement A: Working foremen .................. Mixers, ovenmen, and doughnut-machine oper ators ................................... Roll-machine operators ... Dividers, depositors, wrapping-machine opera tors, and checkers .......... Holder operators, stockmen Mixers’ helpers .................. Icing-machine operators .. Oven feeders and dumpers . Pan-washing-machine opera tors, roll panners fe male, and make-up women . Twisters, panners, rackers, catchers, carton makers, flour dumpers, and pan greasers .............. Hand icers (cake) .............. Wrappers ............................... Agreement B: Bread: Foremen ............................. Dough mixers, ovenmen .. Dividermen ....................... Moldermen, roll-machine operators, and benchmen ................................... Oven loaders and dumpers ........................... Dough mixer helpers, pan greasers, set-off men, and bread rackers (all after 6 months) ............ Cake: Foremen ............................. Ovenmen ............................. Mixers ............................... Ingredient scalers, scaling-machine op erators, and floorladies ............................. Supervisors ..................... Cake-wrapping-machine operators ....................... Icers, checkers, wrap pers, packers, and cutters (after 6 months) ........................... Greas ing-machine operators...................... Helpers, male, (after 6 months) .......... Shipping: Shipping clerks .............. Wrapping-machine operators ....................... Bread checkers........... Cake checkers ................. Wrapping-machine helpers (after 6 months) .......... Bun trayers, hand wrappers, truck load ers, and helpers (after 6 months) .......... Crackers and cookies: Agreement A: Sponge and swset mixing: Head mixers ..................... Mixers ............................... Mixers’ helpers .............. City and occupation July 1, July 1, 1950 1951 I1.A30 1*350 1.280 1.330 1.280 1.200 1.2 3 0 1.150 1 .10 0 ^920 1.280 1 .2 3 0 1.2 3 0 1 .10 0 1.0A0 Crackers and cookies: Continued Agreement A: - Continued Sponge baking: Head bakers ........... Bakers ................ BALTIMORE, MD. - Continued $1.5A5 1.A45 1,385 1.335 1.255 Dough feeders, machine set-up men, and pan 1.205 Scalers, weighers, 1.065 .990 .990 .950 .920 .370 .990 .990 .990 1.5 2 0 1.3 2 0 1.2A0 1.550 1.350 1.270 1 .2 1 0 1.2A0 1 .0 10 1.QA0 .950 .980 1.370 1.300 1.2 2 0 1 .A00 1.330 1.250 1.0 90 .960 1 .1 2 0 .990 .920 .950 Icing: Head m i x e r s ......... . Base cake weighers .... Floormen .............. Machine operators, 1.A30 1.355 1.305 1.255 1.155 1.055 Packing: Supplyraen ............. Pastemen, assemblymen Head clerks, wrappingnachine op 'rators Sponge packers, bund!era (nand) Stitchers, formers .... Swe3t packers, closers, weighers, and carton formirs Agreement B: Foremen Mixers Ovennen, loaders ........ Wrapping-machine oper ators, cuttermen, and sealers __ Dumpers, enrobers, squeeze bagmen, hand wrappers, packers, and women helpers ................ .. ..... ....... ............... .................. ................... ........ ...... 1.305 1.255 1.205 1.075 1.C55 1.0A5 1.225 1.025 .875 .325 .775 BALTIMORE, MD. .920 .950 .910 .9A0 .910 .9A0 1.320 1.350 1.190 1.160 1.0 90 1.2 2 0 1.190 1 .1 2 0 .950 .980 .900 .930 1.505 1.A05 1.255 1.6 5 6 1.5A6 1.331 Bread and cake - Hand shops: Agreement A: Dough mixers, ovenmen .... Benchmen Agreement B: Dough mixers, journeymen b a k e r s ...... . H elpers......... ....... Bread and cake - Machine shops: Agreement A: Bread department: Mixers, oven operators (bread trays) Ingredient scalers Bench hands Wrapping setters Divider operators, molder operators Bread wrappers, machine, wrappingmachine heloers Mixers' helpers, oven feeders, oven dumpers, oven helpers .............. Pan greasers....... . ................. . ......... ..... ............. ....... ...... ....... July 1, July 1, 1950 1951 July 1, July 1, 1950 1951 Sweet baking: 1/ A5-hour workweek. 2/ A3-hour workweek. 2 / Information not available for rate and hours on July 1, 1950, City and occupation ATLANTA, GA. - Continued $1.A00 Rate per hour Rate per hour Rate per hour 1/1.756 1/1.689 2/1.125 V .79A 1.315 1.290 1.235 (2J) 1.190 1.115 1.090 .973 Bread and cake - Machine shops: - Continued Agreement A: - Continued Bread department: $1,700 Continued 1.590 Bread packers ........ . $1,015 $1,105 1.52A Flour blenders, (bread and cake) ...... 1.030 1.A69 .990 Bakery helpers 1.381 (men and women) ....... 1.0 68 .978 Cake and sweet department: Mixers, ovenmen 1.3 2 6 (first class) ......... 1.315 1.A15 Ingredient mixers’ 1.172 helpers ........ . 1.290 1.390 Bench hands ........... 1.285 1.385 1.573 Cooky mixers, icing mixers ........... . 1.A15 1.A91 1.315 Cake decorators 1.A36 1.2A0 1.A15 1.381 Ovenmen (second class) . 1.215 1.315 1.271 Dividers (depositor operators) ........... 1.165 1.255 1 .1 6 1 Oven feeders ........... 1.065 1.155 1 .1 3 0 Cake -'ackers 1.QA0 1.118 1.A36 .978 Pan greasers .......... 1.331 1.0A0 Packers ............... 1.105 Bascery helpers, bakers’ 1.3 2 6 helpers .............. .978 1.068 .850 Bench helpers (women) .9A0 Cake icers (women) 1.133 .325 .900 1 .1 6 1 Cake wrappers (women) .300 .875 Agreement B: Bread department: 1.150 1.290 1.390 1.330 Set-up men ............ 1.230 Dividermen 1.130 1.2 5 0 1.275 . Oven dumpers....... 1.130 1 .10C 1.075 Moldermen......... . .925 1.075 1.155 Cooleraen, bake-shop helpers, pan greasers ........... .375 1.0 20 1 .10 0 1.0 20 Wrapping-machine feeders .9A0 Wrapping-machine feed ers (women) .......... .320 .825 Cake department: .825 Mixers, ovenmen, 1.290 1.390 icing makers ......... Ingredient scalers, sugar grinders ....... 1.10 0 1.180 Oven dumpers.......... 1 .10 0 1.0 20 1/1.867 Flour blenders ........ .995 1.075 1/1.300 Packers and shippers .920 1.0A0 Pan greasers .......... .920 1.0 00 Tray and mold boys .... .905 .985 2/1.188 Wrappers and icers (women) ....... . V .35A .820 .885 Agreement C: General utilitymen ....... 1.370 1.275 Mixers ...... 1.320 1.225 Ovenmen 1.20 0 1.2 9 0 Machine operators, 1.A15 1.390 bread wrapping-machine 1.390 operators, depositor 1.3A0 operators 1.270 1.175 Cake bench hands 1.270 1.125 Bread benchmen_________ T 1.280 1.270 1.075 Oven loaders and d u m pers ..... 1.2 2 0 1.125 Ingredient scalers, 1.205 bread panners and r ackers......... ...... 1.170 1.075 Dough mixers’ helpers, 1.180 cake oven heloers ...... 1.050 1.170 1.118 Bread checkers .......... .350 1 .1 2 0 ........ ........... ......... Mivers . nvf>mni>n T.TtTtfl ............. . . ... ............. .................... ................ ......... .......... . 9 TABLE 15*— Union scales of wages and hours in the baking industry, in selected cities, July 1, 1950 and July 1, 1951 - Continued July 1, July 1, 1950 1951 molder operators, divider ooerators, wrapping-machine operators, roll-machine operators Ingredient scalers, oven feeders and dumpers, mixers' helpers .. Pan rackers (loaders), pan greasers, molders' helpers, bread packers, selectors and order packers .............. Flour handlers, pan washers .............. Panners and fillers, doughnut tray packers . Helpers (women) ....... Agreement E: Bakers, 1st class ....... Bakers, 2d class ........ General helpers ......... Women workers..... ... .... Agreement F: Dough mixers ......................................... Divider operators ....... Molder operators . . . . . . . . . Dough mixers1 helpers . . . . Wrapping-machine feeders ........................................................ General helpers: Starting rate ......... After 6 months ........ After 1 year .......... Pie and pastry shops: Doughnut shops: Agreement A: Doughnut-machine operators .......................................... Head packers (women) . . . Packers (women) ......................... Agreement B: Foremen .................................................... Mixers, machine operators .......................................... Bakery helpers . . . . . . . . . Doughnut f r y e r ..... ... Head packers .......... Packers and . (women) ................................................. Crackers and cookies: Mixing department: Working foremen ................................ Mixers ..................... ........................................ Mixers' helpers ................................ Flour dumpers ........... Baking department: Sponge peel e r ...................................... Bakers, peelers, cracker-meal millers, ingredient scalers, machine captains .................................................... Cuttermen .................................................... Overmen and reliefmen . . . . helpers 2/ City and occupation $0,925 .900 $1,0 20 1.000 .300 .900 1.345 1.445 1.295 1.395 1.245 1.345 1.195 1.295 1.145 1.225 .975 .955 1.055 1.035 1.175 1.025 .875 .750 1.325 1.125 .950 .825 1.330 1.305 1.2 3 0 1.230 1.430 1.355 1.305 1.2 3 0 1.0 20 1.150 1.015 1.043 1.093 1.005 1.043 1.093 1.10 0 .850 .800 1 .1 5 0 .900 .850 1.450 1.540 1.20 0 .975 .900 1.280 1.055 1.20 0 .970 .850 .920 1.375 1.325 1.125 .950 1.425 1.375 1.175 1 .0 0 0 1.375 1.425 (2/) 1.325 1.30 0 1.225 1.375 1.350 1.275 Crackers and cookies: Continued Baking department: Continued Rollermen ............... Fig grinders, ingredient scaler helpers ............... Stackers ................ Cracker-meal miller helpers, pan cleaners, pan feeders, fig grinder Other men workers (after 30 days) ........ Icing department: Working foremen, machine operators, enrobingmachine operators, marshmallow operators ....... Icing mixers ............ Working supervisors (women), sample-room girls, packers A ....... Trolley stickers and dippers ................ Floormen ................ Machine operators (women), D. L. operators, packers on D. L., scalers, weighers, cad die girls, depositor feeders, other women machine operators ...... Delmarvia operators ..... Hand dippers, strappers, stencil feeders and fillers, floor girls, other women help on D. L. machines ................................ Caddie girls' helpers, other women help (after 30 days) ............................ Packing department: Head flnorman T..... l t I „ t Utilitymen .............. Wrapping—machine opera tors and setters ......................... Checkers ....................................................... Wrapping-machine opera tors, floormen ......................... Sponge packers, bundlers, carton formers ..................... ... Cracker-meal packers ............... Sweet packers ...................................... Carton helpers ................................... Floormen B, other men h e l p ................... Weighers, chute tenders . . Machine operators women fillers ................................... R paolcera___ ..rr.fII< , Sealers, caddie formers . . Relief girls - packing gang, other women help (after 30 days) ............................ A Bread and cake - Machine shops: Agreement A: Bread: Mixers ....................................................... Molder operators ..................... Oven operators ............................ Divider operators .................. City and occupation July 1, July 1, 1950 1951 BIRMINGHAM, ALA. - Continued $1,150 $1,2 5 0 1.125 1.10 0 1.175 1.20 0 .950 1.000 .875 .925 1.225 .975 1.275 1.025 .955 1.005 .905 .875 .955 .925 .855 .805 .905 .905 .805 .855 .755 .805 1.325 1 .1 5 0 1.375 1.20 0 1.075 1.005 1.125 1.055 .975 1.025 .955 .950 .855 .905 1.0 0 5 1.005 1.005 .955 .875 .855 .925 .905 .755 .825 .755 .905 .875 !855 .755 .805 BIRMINGHAM, ALA. Information not available for rate and hours on July 1, 1950. July 1, July 1, 1950 1951 BALTIMORE, MD. - Continued BALTIMORE, ML. - Continued Bread and cake - Machine shops: - Continued Agreement C: - Continued Pan greasers ............ Hand mixers (women) ..... Checkers, packers and wrappers (women) ...... Agreement D: Bread department: O v e n operators, dough mixers, doughnutmachine operators .... Rate per hour Rate per hour Rate per hour City and occupation 1.350 1.175 1.315 1.250 1.390 1.215 1.355 1.290 Bread and cake - Machine shops: - Continued Agreement A: - Continued Bread: - Continued Panners, oven feeders, and dumpers .......... Sweet-roll panners .... Wrapping-machine operators ............ Slicers, feeders, wrapping-machine helpers .. Sugar grinders, flour dumpers .............. Pan greasers, stockroom helpers, and packers .... ......... Checkers .............. Cake: Mixers ................ Depositors ............ Oven operators ..... . Depositor helpers ...... Oven feeders and dumpers .............. Icing makers .......... Bake-shop helpers, pan greasers, and packers .............. Wrapping-machine operators, head icere ........................................................ leers and wrappers .... Agreement B: Bread: Mixers ................ Head ovenmen ................................... Overmen ................................................... Dividers, head roll-machine operators .......................................... Molders, benchmen .................. Roll-machine operators . Machine wrappers, utilitymen ........... Pan greasers, bakeshop helpers ......... Packers, shippers ..... Crackers and cookies: First floor: Mixing room: Head m i x e r s ............................ Mixers ....................................................... Mixers' helpers ......................... Bake shop: Machine operators, sponge peelers (after 6 months .. Machine feeders . . . . . . . . Machine helpers ....... Sponge peelers (1 st 6 months) ................................................. Sponge-oven bakers .................................................... Sponge-oven helpers, spongeoven traymen ................................ Dough rollers, sweet-oven bakers ............... Sweet-oven helpers ............... Stacking: 1 fit 8 months After 3 months ...................... W in pm Pan greasers ................................... $1,10 0 1.0 50 $1,140 1.0 90 1.145 1.185 .925 .965 1.000 1.0 40 1.000 1.055 1.0 40 1.095 1.350 1 .2 5 0 1.315 1.165 1.390 1.290 1.355 1.205 1.030 1.2 50 1.070 1.29 0 1.000 1.0 40 1.0 40 .945 1.080 .985 1.095 .995 .970 1.145 1.045 1.0 2 0 .945 .920 .870 .995 .970 .920 .820 .870 .770 .745 .820 .795 1.180 1.060 .980 1.260 1.140 1.0 60 llooo .750 1 260 l!o80 .800 1 180 1.0 60 1.140 1.180 1.2 6 0 1.080 1 .1 6 0 1.030 1 .0 10 1 .1 1 0 1.090 .750 .980 qon .900 l!o60 mn .800 i .980 10 TABLE 15.— Union scales of wages and hours in the baking industry, in selected cities, July 1, 1950 and July 1, 1951 - Continued Rate per hour Rate per hour City and occupation Crackers and cookies: Continued Second floor: Sponge packers, large wafer-machine operators .............. Large carton makers ..... Wrapping-machine operators .............. Packers, helpers, BOSTON, MASS. - Continued % 0.910 .910 % 0.990 .990 .850 .930 .750 .800 1.0 00 1.080 .930 1 .0 10 .750 .800 .910 .990 .850 .930 .750 1.060 .800 1.140 1.000 1.080 .980 1.060 .750 .800 1.0 20 .960 1 .10 0 1.0 40 .750 .800 Checkers, wrappingTray and pan dumpers ................ Machine helpers, male; helpers, mu! ^ Third floor: Cold-room packers ....... Machine feeders, capping ................ Icing caddy and carton makers .......... Head mixers ............. Mixers, wrappingIcing mixers, syrup cooking .......... Helpers; mixer he!pers ............ r____ Fruit cake: Mixers .................... ............ Scalers, bakers ........ .... Wrappers, packers, scalers, checkers * helpers, pan washers, and toppers . . . ... .............. BOSTON, MASS. Bread and cake - Hand shops: Agreement A: Dough mixers .................. Ovenmen, bench hands, divider operators . . . . . . . Molders ................. Wrapping-machine opera tors, wrapping-machine helpers, shippers (after 3 years) .............. Packers ............................ Bakers' helpers ............... Agreement B: Foremen, second hands . . . . Shipping clerks ............... Ovenmen (bread and pies) . Mixers .................. Ovenmen (cakes) ............... Frosting makers ............... Head benchmen ................... Benchmen ........................... Filling cooks . . . . . . . . . . . . Greasers, helpers, cleaners, frosters ..... Agreement C: First hands ............. Ovenmen, dough mixers . . . . Benchmen ................ Frosters (women) ............. Agreement D: Foremen ............................ Dough mixers, ovenmen . . . . Benchmen ........................... July 1, July 1, 1950 1951 July 1, July 1, 1950 1951 BIRMINGHAM, ALA. - Continued 2/1.555 2/1.659 2/1.445 2/1.549 2/1.395 2/1.499 2/1.345 2/1.449 2/1.345 2/1.449 2/1.255 2/1.359 1.540 1 .3 1 0 1.3 0 0 1.2 8 0 1.270 1.260 1.2 5 0 1.20 0 1 .1 6 0 1.610 1.38 0 1.370 1.350 1.340 1.330 1.320 1.270 1.2 3 0 .940 1 .0 10 1.495 1.385 1.330 .960 1.585 1.475 1.4 2 0 1.0 50 1.270 1.165 1.115 1.390 1.285 1.235 July 1, July 1, 1950 1951 BOSTON, MASS. - Continued Bread and cake - Machine Bread and cake - Hand shops: - Continued shops: - Continued Agreement C: - Continued Agreement E: % $ 4/1.51C Molders* helpers, pan Foremen................. 4/1.510 Dough mixers, benchmen, greasers, rackers, DeVelbi ss-machine ovenmen, shipping clerks 4/1.360 4 /1 .36C Bread and cake - Machine shops: operators, wrappingmachine operators, Agreement A: (General agreement) conveyor beltmen, Bread: frosting-machine oper Mixers ................ 1.540 1.64C ators, head foreladies, 1 .6 1C Head ovenmen .......... fondant-machine (y) helpers ....... ........ 1.430 ovenmen, bench hands .. 1.530 General bakery helpers, Mixers* helpers, ingreinspectors, foreladies .. Icers and decorators .... dient scalers, molder Doughnut tray packers, operators, oven feed1.4 8 0 1.3 8 0 cake-cutting machine Pan greasers, bench operators, hand icers, helpers, general helppanners and make-up ers, flour handlers and workers ................ unloaders, rackers' General bakery helpers ... helpers .............. 1.4 0 0 Pie and pastry shops: 1.300 Wrappers, packers, Mixers, ovenmen, benchmen .. floormen, checkers, Doughnut-machine conveyor men: operators ................ 1.240 1.340 Doughnut mixers ........... Up to 3 years ....... 1.330 After 3 years ....... 1.430 Checkers, dough cutters, Cake: filling cooks, pie fillers (women) .T..TT_..tT Mixers ................ 1.610 1.510 Ovenmen ............... 1.550 1.450 Bakery h elpers....... . Ingredient scalers, Baggers, packers, wrappers, 1.48 0 icing mixers ............... 1.380 boxers (women): Scalers, depositor Up to 1 year ............ operators, stock1 to 3 years ............ 1 years and over T ___ .. . men .................. 1.3 6 0 1.4 6 0 Shippers - over 3 years . 1.330 1.430 Hebrew baking: Dumpers, general helpers 1.2 4 0 1.340 Foremen ................................ Wrappers, packers, Second hands ........................ boxers, icers, pan Third hands ......................... greasers: Crackers and cookies: 1.0 50 .950 Up to 1 year .............. Agreement A: .990 1.0 90 1 to 3 years ............. Dog food department: 3 years and over ....... 1.030 1.130 Mi v e r s _. . . ______.. . Agreement B: Bakers, machine Ovenmen, icing mixers, captains ...................... m i x e r s .......... 1.430 1.430 Rel iefman 1 r i r T T i r T . . I l f Shippers ................ Dough f e e d e r s ......... 1.330 1.330 Ingredient scalers .......... 1.280 1.280 Oven firemen . . . . . . . . . . . Bakery helpers ................. Pen feeders 1.180 1.180 Shippers * helpers: Rakers * helpera T __ T __ 1 to 2 months ............... Kibblers . TTT ............ 1.130 1 .1 3 0 Over 2 months ............... 1.180 1.180 Packing department: Table head (women) .......... 1.130 1.130 FIoormen T T I . . . . T T 1 . . . t1 Wrappers (women): Handlers of broken 1 to 2 months ............... .980 .980 Alyl rejected goods • • • • Over 2 months ......... 1.030 1.0 30 Scaler8 , weighers, Agreement C: packers ........... - t - t Working foremen ............... 1.750 1.665 Shipping department: Doughnut-machine opera Shippers ................. tors, fondant mixers, Car checkers , , t , , , , , , Car assemblers t mixers ............................. 1.565 1.650 Divider operators, Head car loaders depositor operators, Assemblers ............ roll-machine operators, Assistant car loaders .. benchmen, receivers Stock clerks, and stockmen, docostockmen machine operators .......... 1.600 1.515 Agreement B: Molder operators, Machine captains ingredient scalers, Saltine mixers, selectors, mixers’ sweet mixers ................... helpers, steam-box Dough feeders, dough men, ovenmen, rollers, ovenmen, blenders ......................... bakers ____ TT .,.. 1.465 1.550 2/ 48-hour workweek. 2 / Information not available for rate and hours on July 1, 1950, j j 44-hour workweek. Rate per hour City and occupation City and occupation t 1.415 1 1.500 1.345 1.130 1.430 1.215 1.0 60 1 .0 1 0 1.145 1.095 1.410 1.510 1.3 8 0 1.320 1.4 8 0 1.4 2 0 1.270 1.240 1.370 1.340 .950 .990 1.0 30 1.0 5 0 1.0 90 1.130 1.999 1.853 1.706 2.193 2.041 1.88 8 1.2 4 0 1.240 1.215 1.185 1 .1 4 0 1.115 1.0 90 1.070 1.030 1.215 1 .1 8 5 1 .1 4 0 1.U5 1.090 1.070 1.030 1 .10 0 1 .10 0 •875 •0 ( j .865 .865 1 .1 9 0 1.155 1.135 1 .1 3 0 1.105 1.099 1 .1 9 0 1.155 1.135 1.130 1.105 1.099 1.070 1.070 1.445 1.445 1.365 1.365 1.345 1.345 11 TABLE 15.— Union scales of wages and hours in the baking industry, in selected cities, July 1, 1950 and July 1, 1951 - Continued City and occupation July 1, July 1, 1950 1951 Crackers and cookies: Continued Agreement B: - Continued Marshmallow mixers, spray-machine opera- $11t2 Q ci Supplymen ............... Weighers, general workers, beaters, stockmen, 1.195 1.14-5 $1,?Q5 1.195 1.145 1.095 1.075 1.095 1.075 department: 1.295 1.295 Sponge packers, relief girls, wrapp ing-machine 1.075 1.075 Breakers, box makers, bundlers, weight girls, sweet packers, box liners, box and label girls, box sweet goods bundler 1.075 1.075 BUFFALO, N.Y. Bread and cake - Machine shops: Agreement A (semimachine shops): Foremen ................. Oven hands and mixers .... Bench hands ............. Checkers, wrappingmachine operators, help ers, and pan greasers .... Hand wrappers ........... Agreement B: Foremen ................. Oven hands and mixers .... Bench hands ............. Scalers and machine operators .............. Ingredientmen ........... Packers and checkers .... Oven dumpers ............ Holders (women) ......... Helpers and pan greasers, flour dumpers (women) and blenders (women) .... Machine operators, bread and pan stackers ....... leers and wrappers (women) ................ Agreement C: Bread department: nTomon Traveling-oven men, assemblymen .......... Dividermen, bench hands Machine and moldermen .. Doughnut-mach ine operator ............. Oven feeders and dump ers , v *apping—machine operators ............ , , , , , , ___ TT-TBench helpers ......... Wrapping- and slicingmachine helper», flour handlers, packers .... Coolermen ............. Pan greasers, machine hand hftlpArs trTtT,TTlt City and occupation July 1, July 1, 1950 1951 BUFFALO, N. Y. - Continued BOSTON, MASS. - Continued 1.575 1.525 1.470 1.650 1.600 1.540 1.215 1.185 1.260 1.730 1.670 1.560 1.730 1.670 1.480 1.420 1.370 1.260 1.560 1.480 1.420 1.330 1.370 1.360 1.330 1.300 1.300 1.350 1.350 1.130 1.130 1.628 1.628 1.515 1.515 1.490 1.445 1.415 1.490 1.445 1.415 1.380 1.380 1.340 1.335 1.325 1.340 1.335 1.325 1.300 1.300 1.300 1.300 1.275 1.275 1.360 Rate per hour Rate per hour Rate per hour City and occupation Bread and cake - Machine shops: - Continued Agreement C: - Continued Cake department: Foremen ............... #1.628 #1.628 1.515 1.515 Assemblymen, traveling1.490 oven men ............. 1.490 Scalers ...... ........ 1.435 1.435 1.380 Pie mixers ............ 1.380 Wrapp ing-machine 1.340 1.340 1.340 Oven helpers .......... 1.340 1.320 Foreladies ............ 1.320 Machine helpers ....... 1.315 1.315 Pan greasers.... ..... 1.275 1.275 Pie-machine boys after 6 months ....... 1.205 1.205 Cake decorators - after 1.125 1.125 leers, packers, wrappers (women) ......... 1.105 1.105 Pie machine (women) .... 1.105 1.105 Agreement D: Bread department: 1.628 1.738 Mixers ................ 1.625 1.515 1.600 Overmen............... 1.490 Assemblymen ........... 1.465 1.575 Dividermen, bench hands 1.445 1.555 Mixers' helpers ....... 1.365 1.475 Assembly helpers ...... 1.340 1.450 Checkers .............. 1.335 1.445 Machine and moldermen .. 1.415 1.425 Oven feeders and dumpers 1.340 1.350 Packers ............... 1.305 1.415 Coolermen ............. 1.300 1.410 Pan greasers, machine hand helpers ......... 1.275 1.385 Bench helpers, wrappi ng-mac hine operators ............ 1.325 1.335 Wrapping- and slicingmachine helpers, flour handlers ....... 1.300 1.310 Cake department: F oremen............. 1.628 1.738 Mixers ................ 1.515 1.625 Ovenmen ............... 1.490 1.600 Depositors ............ 1.435 1.545 Ingredient scalers .... 1.425 1.535 Foreladies ............ 1.320 1.430 Machine helpers ....... 1.305 1.415 Pan greasers .......... 1.295 1.405 General helpers ....... 1.385 1.275 Icing-machine opera tors (women) ......... 1.140 1.250 leers, packers, wrap pers (women) ......... 1.105 1.215 Rollette department: Mixers ................ 1.455 1.565 Jam cookers ........... 1.480 1.370 Mixers' helpers ....... 1.305 1.415 General machine helpers 1.275 1.385 Foreladies ............ 1.320 1.330 Wrappers, rollers, boxers (women) ....... 1.105 1.215 Agreement E: Mixers, ovenmen ......... 1.535 1.645 Cake decorators ......... 1.515 1.625 Assemblymen, fried-cakemachine operators ...... 1.465 1.575 Bench hands, dividermen .. 1.445 1.555 Moldermen, peelmen ...... 1.415 1.525 Doughnut fryers, icingmachine operators, mix ers ' helpers, packers ... 1.365 1.475 Wrapping-machine operators .............. 1.345 1.455 July 1, July 1, 1950 1951 BUFFALO, N. Y. - Continued Bread and cake - Machine shops: - Continued Agreement E: - Continued Bench helpers, cookymachine operators, oven helpers, flour sifters and blenders ......tr,, #1.325 Bake-shop helpers, flour sifters and blenders' helpers, doughnut fill era TT..T., 1.275 leers, wrappers and packers fwomen^ ..... 1.105 Agreement F: Maie vnrlffirs TT..T..I1TI1 1.140 Agreement G : Working foremen ........ 1.625 Mixers, ovenmen, benchmen, dividermen, fried—cakemachine operators ..... 1.525 Bench helpers, checkers, flour dumpers, molder men, oven loaders and dumpers, wrappingmachlna opftrn+.nra 1.375 Pan greasers, bread packers y bread, parmers wrapping-machine helpers ............... 1.275 Hand icers, checkers, packers, wrappers and mitfarfl ( unmon^ 1.075 Agreement H: Frvrftmftn --T, 1.730 Dough mixers, ovenmen ... 1^670 RflnrthTnAn x«20U Dividermen ............. 1.480 Xfig-pfid1PTVfc i / on Oven loaders and dumpers 1.360 Moldermen .......... 1.330 Pan greasers, flour dumpers ......... 1.300 Bread rackers, wrapping-machine operators.... ........ 1.270 Hand 1tSfiTs 1.070 Agreement I: WfYplfin p f*rvr%fvm«, n 1.760 Oven operators, doughnut-machine operators, potato chip opAT*flt^ra ttH 1.560 Benchmen, divider deposltnrs ... 1.510 Ingredient scalers, wrapping-machine opera tors, molder operators, mixers' helpers, head selectors, filling cookgj*g a flnnT*l ftriiA*? 1.460 S6l@ctiors« oven feeders and dumpers, stock hand lers, muffin grillers, open-kettle fryers .... 1.410 Production workers ...... 1.360 Oliver-wrapper opera tors, roll- and sweet yeast-machine opera tors ...... 7 1.195 Icers and decorators, cake-pan v&sners and greasers, sweet yeast make-up panners, chip bagging-machine opera tors, chip fryers, order packers, doughnut tray packers, general he! tiers ,. _ 1.160 #1.435 1.385 1.215 1.140 1.735 1.635 1.485 1.385 1.185 1.670 1.480 1^360 1.330 1.300 1.270 1.070 1.870 1.670 1.620 1.570 1.520 1.470 l J"a X. Un*?; 1.270 1 2 TABLE 15.-— Union scales of wages and hours in the baking industry, in selected cities, July 1, 1950 and July 1, 1951 - Continued Rate ce«* hour City and occupation B UFFALO, K AG-hour workweek. 44-hour workweek. 42-hour workweek. Rate per hour July 1, Judy 1, 1950 1951 BUFFALO, N. Y. - Continued ». I . - Continued Bread and cake - Machine shops: - Continued Agreement Js Working foremen............. . Mixers ............. Ovenmen ..................... Assemblymen ..................... Dividermen, benchmen . . . . Machine and moldermen . . . Mixers' helpers . . . . . . . . . Ovsn feeders and dusters, assembly helpers.......... . Checkers ........................ Bench helpers, wrappingmachine operators, flour sifters and blenders ... Wrapping and slicer helpers, flour handlers, packers, icers, ro ll s]leers, coolermen........ Fan greasers, machine helpers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Agreement Ki Working foremen............. , Mixers ............................. Ovenmen ........................... Assemblymen ..................... Dividermen, benchmen ..... Machine and moldermen ..., Doughnut-machine operators ..................... . Mixers' helpers............. . Oven feeders and dumpers........................ . Checkers Bench helpers, wrappingmachine operators........ . Foreladies..................... . Wrapping and slicer helpers, flour handlers, packers........ . ............... Pan greasers, machine helpers ........................ Packers, wrappers (women) ........................ . Pie and pastry shopsi Agreement At Mixers •••••.................... Icing mixers . . . . . . . . . . . . . Ovenmen............. ............. Ingredient scalers . . . . . . . Cookies........................... Shop helpers................... Agreement Bt Scaling-machine opera tors, machine operators , Packers, checkers.......... . Floorladies................... . Packers and wrappers (women) ......................... Hebrew and Polish bakingt First hands, ovenmen, mixers............................. . Second hands, bench hands ., Crackers and cookiest Agreement At Mixing departmentt Head mixers ................. Sponge mixers.............. Flour dumpers .............. Mixers' helpers . . . . . . . . Baking departmentt Machine captains........ . Oven firemen ................ Cuttemen..................... 2/ July 1, July 1, 1950 1951 City and occupation ♦ 1.628 1.515 1.A90 1.465 1.AA5 1.415 1.365 * 1.628 1.515 1.490 1.465 1.445 1.415 1.365 1*340 1.335 1.340 1.335 1.325 1.325 1.300 1.300 1.275 1.275 1.628 1.515 1.490 1.465 1.445 1.415 1.628 1.515 1.490 1.465 1.445 1.415 1.380 1.365 1.380 1.365 1.340 1.335 1.340 1.335 1.325 1.320 1.325 1.320 1.300 1.300 1.275 1.275 1.105 1.105 1.305 1.155 1.305 1.155 1.305 1.155 1.515 1.515 1.495 1.490 1.380 1.325 1.270 1.135 1.105 1.270 1.135 1.105 1.025 1.025 1.750 1.550 1.760 1.650 1.545 1.460 1.330 1.360 1.700 1.605 1.495 1.495 1.460 1.360 1.340 1.605 1.530 1.505 Crackers end cookies! Continued Agreement At - Continued Bakiug departmentt Continued Bakers, (traveling and $ reel oven) ............... 1.360 Rollermen ................... 1.300 Graham oven feeders ... 1.290 Sponge rollermen . . . . . . 1.360 Tenant-machine operators 1.240 Floormen (class A) ..... 1.360 Floormsn (class B), pan feeders and greasers 1.240 Spray-machine opera tors, and inspectors, oven feeders and takers-out, dough feed ers, pan cleaners, and feeders ........ ............. 1.210 Forming-machine operators .................. 1.090 Icing departmentt Head mixers .................. 1.545 Machine captains . . . . . . . 1.460 Machine set-up men, machinemen, jelly and marshmallow men.......... 1.330 leers (women), other helpers (women) . . . . . . . 1.070 Machine operators (women)...................... 1.090 Packing departmentt Working supervisors (women) ...................... 1.190 Sponge packers ............. 1.110 Hand bundlers, fillin g machine operators ....... 1.090 Sweet packers ............... 1.080 Carton formers (machine), sealers and weighers .. 1.070 Agreement Bs Mixing department! Head mixers.................. 1.530 Sponge mixers 1.400 Sweet mixers ................ 1.370 Flour dumpers.............. 1.250 Baking departmentt Machine captains .......... 1.470 Cuttermen.................... 1.380 Sponge rollermen .......... 1.330 Pan feeders and greas ers, general helpers .. 1.250 Icing and cello-bag department} Head mixers........ ........ 1.380 Machine set-up men . . . . . 1.330 Paper cutters, icing mixers' helpers .......... 1.330 General helpers ........... 1.250 Forming-machine operators, carton formers, (women) ........ 1.110 Sealers, weighers (women) ....................... 1.060 Packing departments General helpers ............ 1.250 Sponge packers ............. 1.150 fond bundlers, and carton formers (machine table), sweet packers, carton formers (hand), "Q" formers, cover stitchers, repack girls, breakage girls ........ 1.100 * 1.495 1.430 1.420 1.405 1.395 1.395 1.365 1.365 1.090 1.665 1.665 1.495 1.175 1.090 1.310 1.220 1.200 1.190 1.175 1.565 1.480 1.445 1.315 1.550 1.455 1.445 1.315 1.480 1.420 1.370 1.315 1.150 1.110 1.315 1,208 1.150 City and occupation Rate per hour July 1, July 1, 1950 1951 BUTTE, MOST. Bread and cake - Hand shopst % $ Foreman, m ixers............. 4/1.673 4/1.840 Ovenmen ................................... 4/1.628 2/1.791 Bencnmen .............................. 4/1.537 2/1.691 Wrappers, hand (women) .................................. 4 / .830 ( J .913 Bread and cake-Machine shops; Foremen, dough mixers .......... 5/1.748 5/1.923 KoLl-macnine operators, machinemen ............................. 5/1.748 5/1.923 Ovenmen............... 5/1.700 5/1.870 Bench hands............................ 5/1.605 5/1.766 Wrapping-machine operators, wrappers (men) ...................................... 4/1.182 4/1.301 Wrappers (women) . . . . . . . . . . . y .830 4/ .913 CHARLESTON, S. C. Bread and cake- Machine shops* Bread! Miners ................................... 1.050 1.110 Ovenmen .............................. 1.050 1.110 Dividermen, moldermen, stockmen, and u tility men ........................... .......... .900 .960 Oven Loaders, dumpers . . . . .850 .910 Helpers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .750 •810 Cake: Working foremen, mixers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.150 1.210 Mixers, ovenmen .................. 1.050 1.110 Ingredient sca lers........... .950 1.010 Scalers, doughnutmachine operators, and wrappers . . . . . . . . . . . . .900 .960 Icers, packers, and helpers.............................. .750 .810 Bread and cake; Shippers .............................. .950 1.010 Wrappers ............................... .900 .960 Checkers ............................... .850 .910 Helpers ......................... .750 .810 CHARLESTON, W. VA. Bread and cake-Machine shops: Agreement At Bread: Mixers No. 1 .................... 2/1.500 2/1.580 Wrapping-machine operators ........................ 2/1.410 2/3.490 Mixers No. 2, dividers, ship ping clerks 2/1.350 2/1.430 Proof-box operators . . . . 2/1.300 2/1.380 Bakers' helpers, first class .................... 2/1.250 2/1.330 folders ............................. 2/1.150 2/1.230 Bakers' helpers, second class .................. 2/1.100 2/1.180 Dividers (women) ............ 2/1.350 2/1.430 Agreement Bt Bread: Dough mixers, sponge setters .............. 2/1.470 2/1.510 Wrapping-machine operators ....................... 2/U470 2/1.510 Dividermen, moldermen .. 2/1.300 2/1.340 Ovenmen, shipping and receiving clerks •••••• 2/1.290 2/1.330 Pan greasers, feeders, dough panners ................ 2/1.150 2/1.190 Bread raokers .................. 2/1.120 2/1.160 Bakers' helpers ............ 2/1.050 2/1.090 13 TABLE 15.— Union scales of wages and hours in the baking industry, in selected cities, July 1, 1950 and July 1, 1951 - Continued City and occupation July 1, July 1, 1950 1951 CHARLOTTE, N. C. Bread and cake - Machine shops: Agreement A: Bread: % 1.320 % 1.320 1.160 1.160 1.030 1.080 1.050 1.050 Bread and cake - Hand shops: - Continued Retail - Bread and 1.110 1.110 cake: - Continued Agreement B: 1.050 1.050 1 First hands, spongers, $ 1.030 1.030 ovenmen .............. 2/1.650 2/1.750 Second hands .......... 2/1.600 2/1.700 Third hands: First 6 months ...... 5/ .950 2/1.050 7 to 24 months ...... 2/1.140 2/1.240 .970 .970 25 to 36 months ..... 3/1.440 2/1.540 Wholesale - Bread: .920 .920 First hands, mixers, ovenmen, spongers ...... 1.100 1.100 1.675 1.575 Second hands, bench .910 .910 or machine hands, .800 .800 molders or dividers, ingredientmen .......... 1.525 1.625 .780 .780 Bread and cake - Machine shops: 1.690 1.690 Agreement A: 1.770 Foremen .................. 1.670 1.430 1.430 Oven operators, mixers, doughnut operators, 1.350 1.350 leader decorators ....... 1.660 1.560 1.320 1.320 Bench hands, ingredient scalers, divider and depositor operators, cooky-machine opera 1.280 1.280 tors, oven feeders and dumpers, floormen ...... 1.510 1.610 1.140 1.140 Molder operators, wrap ping machine set-up 1.100 1.100 men, dough dumpers, 1.080 1.080 assistant leader deco 1.510 rators ..... ....... . 1.410 .890 .390 Grease-machine opera .920 .920 tors , pan washing1.010 1.010 machine operators, rack washing-machine 1.150 1 .1 5 0 operators, experienced .990 .990 bake-shop helpers, .940 .940 stackmen ............... 1.300 1.400 .895 .895 General bakery helpers ... 1.190 1.290 .880 .830 Inspectors, floorladies, skilled cake 1.180 1.280 decorators ............. Bread and dough pan.780 .780 ners, doughnut tray .750 .750 packers, hand-icers, make-up girls .......... 1.110 1.210 1.150 1.150 Wrapping-machine .990 .990 feeders, Oliver .940 .940 wrapper operators, .840 .840 order fillers .790 .790 selectors, cake cuttingmachine operators, cooler girls ........... 1.060 1.160 Unskilled general .780 .780 bakery helpers, .750 .750 ( women) ............... 1.090 .990 Agreement B: Bread department: Group 1finders .T...TT... 1.665 1.765 Mixers, ingredient scalers, ovenmen ...... 1.560 1.660 Divider operators, 2/1.650 2/1 .7 7 0 soft—mill scaling 2/1.600 2/1.7 2 0 machine operators .... 1.510 1.610 2/1.245 5/1*345 Moldermen, oven dumpers and feeders benchmen, dough 5/1.175 5/1.260 dumpers ............... 1.460 1.560 Helpers....... ....... 1.300 1.400 Inside bakery cleaners . 1.190 1.290 5/1.055 5/1.140 Twisters, bench helpers, machine helpers, and wrapping-machine Wrapping-machine Cake: .830 .880 1.320 .830 .880 1.160 1.320 1.160 1.050 1.050 .940 .990 .940 .990 Oven loaders and Head benchmen, Foreladies ............ Helpers: 1st 3 months ........ After 3 m o n t h s .... .. leers, wrappers, and box makers: 1st 2 months ........ Next 2 months ....... After 4 months ...... Cake wrapping-machine operators, experienced i c e r s .... ........... Pan washers and greasers ............. Shipping: Shipping clerks ...... . Checkers .............. Agreement B: Overmen, mixers, and doughnut-machine operators .............. Dividers, rollmachine operators, depositors, and bread wrappingmachine operators ...... Scalers, molder opera tors, stockmen, and mixers' helpers ........ Cake wrappingmachine operators ...... Oven loaders, dumpers, cake icing-machine operators .............. Production employees, cake icers, hand ....... Helpers: 1st 90 days ........... After 90 days ......... Shipping: Shipping and receiv ing clerks ........... Selectors ............. .830 .880 .770 .830 .880 .940 .910 1.160 .940 1.270 1.220 1.170 1.140 1.060 Benchmen, machinemen, assistant mixers, dumpers, and wrappingmachine operators ...... Set-up men, wrappingmachine tall era TT...... .770 .830 Doughnut-machine .830 operators T............. Bread twisters .......... Helpers: 3at 3 mnn+.hs__TTT .T._1 .940 4 to 6 months ......... Over 6 months ........ _ .910 Agreement C: 1.160 Foremen Mixers .................. .940 Ovenmen ................. Foreladies ....... ...... Scalers, icing mixers .... 1.350 Cutting-machine opera tors, icers, wrappers, and wrapping-machine operators .............. Helpers ................. 1.300 Pie and pastry - Machine shops: F oremen...... ........ ... Mixers, first cooks ....... Ovenmen_____ ..,..T...T..TI 1.250 Cookers ................... 1.220 Shipping clerks ........... Wrappers, boxers, crust-machine opera tors, pie fillers, anH toppers ............. T 1.140 Pie glacers, helpers ...... .330 .880 .975 1.050 .875 .925 .950 CHICAGO, ILL. 1.120 1.060 1.000 Bread 1.200 1.140 CHATTANOOGA, TENN. Bread and cake - Hand shops: Head bakers ............... Second bakers ............. Helpers ................... 2/ 2/ 43-hour workweek. 42-hour workweek. 985312 0 - 52 - 3 Hand icers ............ Checkers, wrappers, Agreement B: Foremen......... ....... Machinemen, depositors, and ingredient 2/1.146 2/1.281 2/ .938 2/1.042 i! -625 V .833 July 1, July 1, 1950 1951 Bread and cake - Machine shops: Agreement A: Bread: hand wrappers, and Cake: Foremen ............... City and occupation CHICAGO, ILL.'- Continued Ovenmen .............. . Helpers: July 1, July 1, 1950 1951 CHATTANOOGA, TENN. - Continued Mixers, head Machinemen (rounders, molders, and roll dividers) ............ Overmen, wrapping- Rate per hour Rate per hour Rate per hour City and occupation and cake — Hand shops: Retail - Bread and cake: Agreement A: First hands ..T„........ Second hnnda .T. rr_ TT Icers, after 1 year .... General bake-shop helpers, after 1 year ............... Pan cleaners and greasers, after 6 months ............. $ $ 14 TABLE 15.— Union scales of wages and hours in the baking industry, in selected cities, July 1, 1950 and July 1, 1951 - Continued City and occupation July 1, July 1, 1950 1951 Bread and cake - Machine shops: - Continued Agreement B: - Continued Cake department: mixers, doughnutmachine mixers, ovenmen, ingredientmen, $1,520 Bake-shop helpers, After 1 year ........ City and occupation July 1, July 1, 1950 1951 Polish baking: - Continued Wholesale shops: Day work: Foremen, spongers ..... $1,835 1.710 Crackers and cookies: Agreement A: Men employees: $1,620 1.4C0 Second mixers ......... 1.150 1.260 1.360 1.150 1.250 .860 .910 .960 1.010 1.060 .960 1.010 1.060 1.110 1.160 (3/) 1.620 (2/) 1.250 (2/) 1.200 (3/) 1.080 (2/) 1.200 (2/) (2/) (2/) (2/) (2/) .960 1.010 1.060 1.110 1.160 1.210 1.500 1.300 1.050 1.180 .880 .950 .960 1.030 1.000 1.080 1.410 1.290 1.370 1.060 1.140 .970 1.020 .890 .940 5/2.023 5/2.167 5/1.952 5/2.095 5/1.715 5/1.815 5/1.645 5/1.745 1.850 1.775 1.950 1.875 2/1.729 2/1.879 2/1.604 2/1.754 .950 1.000 1.050 1.100 1.150 1.175 Women employees: 2 years .......... Agreement B: Sponge-mixing department: Mixers ................ Mixers * helDers ....... Sponge-baking department: Oven captains ......... Peelers-in....... . Rollermen ............. Draw boys ........ . Stackers... .......... Sweet-mixing department: Mixers ................ Mixers * h elpers..... .. Ingredient scalers ..... Sweet-baking department: Sweet—oven captains .... Cutting—machine operators ............ Ovenmen•s helpens ..... Pan feeders and greasers ............. Icing department: Mixers ................ Mixers* helpers, enrober operators ...... Packers, machine feeders Packing and wrapping department: Machinemen ............ Fiber-case scalers, bag-machine operators, automatic formingmachine operators .... Fiber-case stitchers ... Fiber-case stitchers, tapers, (women) ...... Sponge packers, under 16 oz. carton, bundlers ............. Sweet packers, pans .... Sponge packers, 16 oz. carton and over; sweet packers, cartons; car ton formers (women); bag fillers; conveyors Sweet packers, caddies, machine feeders, bag stitchers ............ Packers, cases; bag fillers; dump pack .... 2/ 48-hour workweek. 2/ Information not available for rate and hours on July 1, 1950. £/ 42-hour workweek. 1.450 1.200 .900 .850 .900 .900 .950 1.000 1.000 1.050 1.100 1.150 greasers, inside bakery cleaners ........ Helpers, men: First month ........... After 30 days ......... Helpers, women: First month ........... After 30 days ......... After 6 months ........ After 1 year .......... After 3 years ......... Doughnut shops: Doughnut and chocolate enrobing-machine operators .............. Utilitymen .............. Foremen (women) ......... Packers (women): Start ................. After 6 months ........ After 1 year .......... Pie and pastry shops: Pie shops: Ingredientmen, ovenmen, cooks, dough mixers .... Dough breakers, fruit mixers, servicemen, helpers ................ Pie-machine operators, cream toppers, oven helpers, (women) ....... Wrappers, cream-pie fillers, fruit clean ers, plate washers, sorters, inspectors .... Hebrew baking: Foremen or first hands .... Second hands .............. Bohemian baking - Bread: Small shops - Hand: First hands ............. Second hands ............ Large shops - Machine: First hands ............. Second hands .... ....... Polish baking: Retail shops: Day work: Foremen, spongers ..... Second hands .......... $1,985 1.860 .950 1.000 1.050 1.100 1.125 1 to ingredientmen, first July 1, July 1, 1950 1951 CHICAGO, ILL. - Continued CHICAGO, ILL. - Continued CHICAGO, ILL. - Continued Rate per hour Rate per hour Rate per hour City and occupation 1.420 .950 1.050 1.100 1.150 1.200 1.320 1.510 1.410 1.550 1.490 1.580 1.460 1.320 1.640 1.550 1.270 1.410 1.360 1.470 1.370 1.560 1.460 1.220 1.310 1.470 1.560 1.370 1.320 1.460 1.410 1.150 1.240 1.420 1.510 1.320 1.020 1.410 1.090 1.320 1.410 1.220 1.310 1.170 1.260 1.120 1.190 1.120 1.120 1.190 1.190 1.070 1.140 1.020 1.090 .970 1.040 Crackers and cookies: Continued Agreement C: Sponge baking: Machine captains ....... $1,530 $1,530 Rollermen, dough feeders, reliefmen .... 1.455 1.455 Dough cutters.... . 1.430 1.430 Scrap boys ............ 1.205 1.205 Sweet baking: 1.530 1.530 Machine captains ...... Machine sheeters ...... 1.380 1.380 Dough feeders ......... 1.255 1.255 Scrap boys ............ 1.205 1.205 Mixing room: Mixers, sweet and sponge .......... . 1.450 1.450 Raw material scalers ... 1.430 1.430 Helpers ............... 1.330 1.330 Flour dumpers ......... 1.230 1.230 Ovenmen ................. 1.380 1.380 Icing department: Machinemen, enrobers ... 1.330 1.330 Head mixers ........... 1.230 1.230 Stitchers ............. 1.180 1.180 Packers ............... 1.090 1.090 Trolley dippers, pin ners , tailors, packers 1.060 1.060 Head sample girls ..... 1.065 1.C65 Stitchers (women), cellophane packers, sample helpers, stickers ............. 1.020 1.020 Packing department: S tacking—mac hine captains: First 3 months ...... 1.105 1.105 Next 3 months ....... 1.330 1.330 After 6 months ...... 3$ 430 1.430 Wrapping-machine operators ............ 1.280 1.280 Stitchers ......... ,Tt1 1.180 1.180 General helpers ....... 1.130 1.130 Carton formers, bund— lers, sponge packers .. 1.100 1.100 Sweet packers ......... 1.060 1.060 Women carton and caddy stitchers, scalers .... 1.020 1.020 Stackers and feeders (women) ............T.990 .990 Receiving department: Flour unloaders ....... 1.300 1.300 Order fillers and stockmen ............. 1.260 1.260 Receiving clerks ...... 1.255 1.255 Paper cutters and sugar grinders ....... 1.205 1.205 Shipping department: Head shipping clerks ... 1.480 1.480 Men-in-charge, whole sale department..... T 1.330 1.330 Order fillers ......... 1.230 1.230 Stockmen ..... T. 1.180 1.180 Agreement D: Sweet-mixing department: Mixers ........ . . ] /on 1.435 He]pers ...... 1.340 1.395 Sweet-baking department: Mnnh] nemer» .... i ej n 1.485 Ovenmen....... t,t 1 1 X.AX'P 1.350 Oven relievers ........ li310 1.365 Oven helpers .......... 1.230 1.285 Pan feeders and greasers ...... . 1.130 1.185 General helpers ....... 1.015 l!o65 15 TABLE 15.— Union scales of wages and hours in the baking industry, in selected cities, July 1, 1950 and July 1, 1951 - Continued Rate per hour City and occupation Rate per hour City and occupation July 1 1950 July 1, 1951 CHICAGO, ILL. - Continued CINCINNATI, OHIO - Continued Crackers and cookies: Continued Agreement D: - Continued Icing department: Assistant foremen .... Machinemen ........... Mixers .......... . Packers, utility girls Cello baggers and makers .............. Machine feeders ....... Sweet-packing department: Floor boys ........... . Weighers ............. Packers.............. . Cello baggers........ . Floor girls .......... Carton and caddy forming: Women employees ...... . Agreement E: Mixing and baking department: Mixing supervisors ...., Baking supervisors ...., Machine captains ...... Peelers, mixers ....... Working supervisors, drawmen .............. Rollermen, cuttermen, reliefmen ....... Bakers ................ Pan dumpers........ . Oven firemen, flour dumpers ........ Overmen ............... Battermen ............. Pan cleaners and feeders .............. Machine set-up men, dough feeders ........ Wrapping and packing department, women: Tally c lerks......... . Sponge packers ........ Sweet packers, car ton formers, weigh ers, scalers, hand bundlers, machine operators ............ Icing department: Head mixers ........... Enrobermen ............ Stackers ............. . Icing mixers .......... Helpers ............. Jelly and marshmallowmen ............ Scrappers ............. Cleaners .............. Spreaders ............. General bakery workers: Ritz forming-machine operators .......... . Floormen .............. Working supervisors (women) .............. Women helpers ......... General help (women) ... Crackers and cookies: Head mixers, cuttingmachine operators ........ Reel-oven operators ........ Machine set-up captains, $1,500 1.350 1.300 1.030 $1,555 1.5^0 1.355 1.085 .960 .950 1.015 1.005 1.075 1.005 1.030 .960 .795 1.130 1.060 1.085 1.015 .865 .970 1.025 1.560 1.560 1.540 1.480 1.460 1.606 1.450 1.380 1.360 1.595 1.518 1.496 1.350 1.320 1.275 1.485 1.452 1.403 1.270 1.397 1.240 1.160 1.100 1.080 1.560 1.400 1.370 1.340 1.320 1.290 1.180 1.170 1.080 1.260 1.190 1.160 1.080 1.060 CINCINNATI, OHIO Bread and cake - Machine shops: Foremen or first bakers .... 1.665 Overmen, mixers ........... 1.578 Bench hands ............... 1.510 1/ 2/ 2/ 1.716 1.716 1.694 1.628 Upright and brake rollermen, mixers (baking and icing), band overmen ..... Assistant cuttingmachine operators, marshmallow depositor operators, receiving clerks, truck shipping clerks, assistant reeloven operators, inspectors, checker captains .... Assistant mixers, order checkers, spray-machine operators, auto-brake Sirup mixers, enrober helpers, grinding mill operators, slotting-machine operators, order chasers, car packers, cheese and fig grinders, spray-machine cleaners, shortening weighers ................. Women employees: Inspectors, box tapers, oven tenders, packers, ingredient weighers, machine operators (class A) .............. Machine operators (class B), breakers, (stackers) variable scalers, dump fillers, bundlers, magazine feeders, machine stock clerks, nesting makers .. Carton weighers, general helpers, supply girls, carton handlers and assemblers, machine helpers and machine operators (class C), scrap pickers .......... 1950 July 1, 1951 $1,380 $ 1,380 1.280 1.280 1.080 1.080 1.060 CLEVELAND, OHIO - Continued $1,515 1.465 $1,580 1.520 1.435 1.490 1.415 1.470 1.375 1.430 1.310 1.350 1.270 1.310 Small power truck operators, repairmen, marshmallow beaters, order fillers, flour dumpers, warehouse 1.230 1.270 Bread and cake - Machine shops: - Continued Mixers* helpers, oven feeders, helpers and dumpers, wrapping and slicer adjusters ......... Bake-shop helpers, shipping-room helpers, bread wrappers and slicers .................. Pie-machine operators (women) .................. Hand icers (women) ........ Women employees ........... Pie and pastry shops: Dough mixers, ovenmen ..... Bake-shop helpers ......... Wrapper g i r l s ....... ..... Hebrew baking: Ovenmen and dough mixers ... ] Bench workers ............. ] Helpers ................... ] Cake icers and miscella neous helpers, women: First 6 months .......... After 6 months .......... Crackers and cookies: Mixers, ovenmen, peelers, cracker ovenmen, machinemen ...................... Rollers ................... Cake-oven helpers, mixers’ helpers .......... Bake-shop helpers ....... T. All other helpers (women) .................. 1.060 1.010 1.010 1.550 1.280 1.550 1.280 1.010 ___ 1.010 1/1.910 1/1.800 1/1.378 2 ( /) (2/) 1/ .867 1 / .978 1.50 0 1.430 1.500 1.330 1.300 1.330 1.300 1.000 1 .000 1.430 COLUMBUS, OHIO 1.130 Bread and cake - Machine shops: Agreement A: Mixers, ovenmen ......... 1.500 1.276 Oven feeders and 1.210 dumpers ................ 1.400 Bench and machine operators, checkers, 1.050 1.C80 wrapping-machine operators (set-up) ..... 1.370 1.188 Bake-shop helpers, bread rackers, packers, 1 .7 1 6 flour blenders ......... 1.250 1.540 Women rackers, 1.507 packers (buns) ......... 1.250 1.000 1.030 Agreement B: 1.474 1.452 Bread department: CLEVELAND, OHIO Mixers, oven operators ............ 1.419 1.500 1.298 Bread and cake - Hand shops: Mixers * helpers, oven Agreement A: 1.287 loaders and unloaders, First hands ............. 2/1.668 2/1.687 1.188 dividermen and molder Second hands ............ 2/l.603 2/1.625 operators 1.370 Male bake-shop helpers Pan rack washers ...... 1.200 and shipping clerks .... 2/1.229 2/1.250 1.386 Roll department: Women, all classes ...... 1/ .933 I f .956 1.309 Mixers, oven operators . 1.500 Agreement B : Machinemen and Overmen................ 2/1.668 2/1.687 1.276 ingredient scalers, M i x e r s .................T : 2/1.668 2/1.687 1.188 wrapping-machine Benchmen ................ '2/1.6 0 3 ;2/1.625 1.166 operator* 1.370 Bake-shop helpers ....... :2/1.229 ;2/1.250 Branch loaders and Bread and cake - Machine shops: shippers ............. 1.300 Overmen, mixers, ingrediRoll panners, entmen, cake decorators ... 1.550 1.550 wrapping-machine Bench or machine hands, 1.710 helpers .............. 1.250 doughnut-machine 1.628 Hand icers and operators .............., 1.500 1.500 1.565 wrappers (women) ..... 1.080 1.364 45-hour workweek. 48-hour workweek. Information not available for rate and hours on July 1, 1950. Rate per hour City and occupation July 1, July 1, 1950 1951 1.100 1.530 1.430 1.400 1.280 1.280 1.500 1.370 1.200 1.500 1.370 1.300 1.250 1.080 16 TABLE 15.— Union scales of wages and hours in the baking industry, in selected cities, July 1, 1950 and July 1, 1951 - Continued Rate per hour Rate per hour City and occupation July 1, July 1, 1950 1951 Bread and cake - Machine shops: - Continued Agreement F : - Continued Cake department: Mixers, overmen $ decorators ........... 1.500 Machinemen, depositors . 1.370 Cooky-machine 1.250 1.200 Machine helpers ....... Pan washers and 1.150 $ 1.500 1.370 1.250 1.200 1.150 1.080 1.080 1.370 1.370 1.250 1.150 1.250 1.150 Shipping department: Wrapping-machine helpers, packers 1.260 1.260 1.210 1.210 1.500 1.530 1.400 1.430 Oven helpers, feeders e 1.250 $ 1.280 Pie and pastry shops: Pie cookers and pie mixers, ingredient scalers, Rollers, fillers, toppers and trimmers ••••.•••••••• Crackers and cookers: Head mixers •........ . Overmen, pan pullers ..... Dough machine set-up 1.370 1.250 1.370 1.250 1.080 1.080 1.400 1.375 1.400 1.375 1.320 1.320 1.270 1.270 1.210 1.150 1.210 1.150 Dough break roll feeders, Freight handlers and Agreement C: 45-hour workweek, Bread and cake - Machine shops: - Continued Agreement E: - Continued Flour dumpers, bench and machine helpers, wrapping-machine helpers, truck loaders and helpers, pan greasers, 1.370 1.400 1.250 1.280 1.400 1.375 1.400 1.375 1.320 1.270 1.210 1.320 1.270 1.210 1.150 1.150 1.500 1.400 1.530 1.430 1.370 1.370 1.250 1.650 1.500 1.400 1.370 1.400 1.400 1.280 1.680 1.530 1.430 1.400 Ingredient scalers, stockmen Feeders, greasers, cleaners, helpers (men): After 30 days .......... Pull and catch pans, helpers, 1st 30 days ....• Scrap pickers, packers, tray and carton sealers, box formers, machine tenders, wrappers ....... Stitchers, packers, magazine feeders, carton strippers ••••.... Women helpers, 1st 30 days .............. 1.080 1.080 1.010 1.010 .950 .950 .920 .920 .870 .870 1.595 1.485 1.465 1.640 1.530 1.510 DALLAS, TEX. Machine shops: Bread and cakeAgreement A: Working foremen ........ M i x e r s ......... ....... Overmen Machine operators, panners, twisters, ingredient scalers, stock clerks, ship ping clerks, checkers, and slicing-wrapping machine operators •••••, Foreladies....... ..... Pan greasers, cake dumpers, rackers, packers helpers and cake wrapping-machine operators (female) .... leers and wrappers: 1st 6 months ......... 2d 6 months After 1 year .......... Agreement B: Bread: Working foremen ...... Mixers ••••••.••.... . Overmen ...•••........ Dividermen, moldermen, panners, twisters, pan dumpers, slicing wrapping machine oper ators, bench hands and checkers ........ Rate per hour City and occupation July 1, July 1, 1950 1951 DALLAS, TEX. - Continued Receiving clerks, machine feeders, Warehouse department: Stock room and 1/ July 1, July 1, 1950 1951 COLUMBUS, OHIO - Continued COLUMBUS, OHIO - Continued Dividers, molders, hand wrappers, mixers1 helpers ........ Molders' helpers, pan greasers, bread rackers, flour blenders, wrapping-machine helpers ............... Agreement D: Mixers .......... . Ovpn nperahnrs tT.rT1rTT_ Dividers, tray-oven feeders and dumpers, doughnut-machine opera tors, icing m i x e r s .... Bench hands, oven feed ers and dumpers, ship pers, molders, depositors Order workers ........... Helpers, panners, pan setters, pan greasers, blenders, packers ..... Agreement E: Dough mixers, overmen ... Oven loaders and dumpers Dividermen, moldermen, wrapping-machine opera tors, bread panners, shipping and receiving clerks, checkers Dough mixers' helpers ... Bread rackers, pan greasers, flour dumpers, bench and machine helpers, truck loaders and helpers ............ Agreement F : Working foremen ••••••••• Dough mixers, overmen ... Oven loaders and dumpers Dough mixers' helpers, dividermen, moldermen, roll-machine operators, bread panners, shipping and receiving clerks, checkers, wrappingmachine operators ..... City and occupation 1.375 1.135 1.420 1.180 1.055 1.100 .805 .865 .985 .850 .910 1.030 1/1.655 1/1.700 1/1.545 1/1.590 1/1.495 1/1.540 1/1.385 1/1.430 Bread and cake - Machine shops: - Continued Agreement B: - Continued Bread: - Continued Pan greasers, rackers, slicing-wrapping machine feeders, take-off men (other than operators), and helpers: 1st 3 months ......... 2d 3 months TTtTTTTttr After 6 months tT,,,,, Cake: Foremen Mlxftrs ..TTTtTrTTttttttt Overmen ................ Machine operators, bench hands, and ingre dient sealers --T.__ Tt Floorladies: 1st 6 months ........ After 6 months ...... Wrapping—machine operators ............ Helpers: 1st 3 months 2d 3 months tTTTtTTT1T After 6 months ....... leers and wrappers: 1st 6 months ........ 2d 6 months ......TTTt After 1 yesr TTTTTTTtT Agreement C: Working foremen Mixers ....__ ...TTTrTtttt Overmen..... ....... .. Machine operators, panners, twisters, ingredient scalers, SLOCK Cl@rKSf shipping clerks, checkers, and slicing wrapping machine operators______ TTr.,Itt Floorladies ............. Pan greasers, cake dumpers, r&ckors^ psickorsi helpers, and cake wrapping machine operatorsj ferns1a .T.Tt,, leers and wrappers: 1st 6 m o n t h s .... •••••. 2d 6 months •...•••••••• After 1 year ..TT1TTttt, Crackers and cookies: Machine captains ...... M i x e r s ....... ........ Overmen .....f.rT.tTTTTT Machine set-up men, icing mixers (head) ........... . Machine operators, e m a l e __ TttTTtttTTTIt Jolly and rnsrsh— mallovmen •••«••••••••• Psn r*Teoners Pan feprloTs TT__ .T Pan Hiimpero Tally clerks, female .... .......... Floor-men .............. Scalers, weighers ..... Enrobermen ....... . Sweet packers, f e m a l e .... . ..... .. f $ $ 1/0.995 1/1.040 1/1.045 1/1.090 1/1.095 1/1.140 1/1.655 1/1.700 l/l•545 1/1.590 1/1.495 1/1.540 1/1.385 1/1.430 1/1.175 1/1.220 1/1.265 1 / 1 . 3 1 0 1/1.055 1/1.100 1/ .995 1/1.040 1/1.045 1/1.090 1/1.095 1/1.140 1/ .825 1/ .870 1/ .875 1/ .920 1/ .985 1/1.030 1/1.640 1/1.670 1/1.530 1/1.560 1/1.510 1/1.540 1/1.420 1/1.450 1/1.180 1/1.210 1/1.100 1/1.130 1/ .850 1/ .880 1/ .910 .940 1/1.030 1/1.060 1/ 1.280 1.255 1.190 1.370 1.345 1.260 1.100 1.175 1.005 1.135 1.050 .890 .890 .915 1.120 1.020 .970 .965 .910 .860 .765 .740 .960 .910 .835 .800 .755 .785 1? TABLE 15.— Union scales of wages and hours in the baking industry, in selected cities, July 1, 1950 and July 1, 1951 - Continued Rate per hour Rate per hour City and occupation July 1, July 1, 1950 1951 DAYTON, OHIO 1.525 $1,555 1*505 1.465 1.455 1.340 1.170 2/ 48-hour workweek. Crackers and cookies: Continued Agreement B: - Continued Icing mixers ............ Preparation men ......... Stockmen ................ Paper cuttermen ......... Assortment stockmen ..... Grinders, dough feeders, spray machinemen, sack $1,270 1.250 1.240 $1,350 1.320 1.310 1.230 1.290 1.210 1.205 1.180 .940 1.300 1.295 1.280 1.270 1.230 .940 DENVER, COLO. 1.475 1.435 l .425 1.405 1.360 1.505 1.465 1 .455 1.435 1.390 1.310 1.340 1.140 1.170 1.260 1.300 1.100 1.150 1.240 1.100 1.150 1.275 .830 .880 .970 .330 .880 1.010 1.050 1.100 1.190 1.050 1.100 1.220 1.515 1.490 1.615 1.590 1.465 1.565 1.415 1.390 1.385 1.385 1.505 1.480 1.480 1.470 1.365 1.365 1.340 1.315 1.450 1.445 1.420 1.395 1.310 1.390 1.300 1.280 1.380 1.360 F oremen......... ......... Dough mixers, spongers, overmen.................. Bench hands, machine operators ................ Hebrew baking Cake and pastry: Foremen ................... Dough mixers, spongers, nvRnmen .................. Bench hands, machine operators ................ Crackers and cookies: Agreement A: Machine captains ........ Head sponge and sweet mixers ........... Bakers ............ ..... Peelers ................. Mixers, rollermen, drawmen .............. . Mixers’ helpers ......... Stackers ................ General helpers (men) .................. Packing and icing departments: Icing mixers .......... Wrapping-machine set-up men ........... Floormen ............. Women employees: Working supervisors .. Sponge packers ...... Bundlers, machine operators, hand bundlers, scalers, and weighers ....... Agreement B: Baking department: Machinemen, sponge .... Machinemen, sweet ..... Peelers, ovenmen, sponge ............... Ovenmen (sweet), soonge reliefinen..... Dough mixers, rollermen ............ Dough feeders ......... Mixers' helpers ....... Sponge ovenmen’s helpers .............. Pan greasers .......... Rate per hour City and occupation July 1, July 1, 1950 1951 DENVER, COLO. - Continued machine operators, 1.555 wrappers, head shippers, moldermen, panners, oven feeders and dumpers, set- bread rackers, wrapping-machine helpers, other helpers ............ leers, wrappers, and packers (women) .......... Crackers and cookies: Agreement A: Machine captains ........ Mixers: First 2 weeks ......... 3 - 4 weeks ........... After 1 month ......... Packers and wrappers: First 2 weeks ......... 3 - 4 weeks ........... After 1 month ......... Handlers, shippers: First 2 weeks ......... 3 - 4 weeks ........... After 1 month ......... Agreement B: Head mixers, after 12 months ........ Senior machinemen ....... Head machinemen (packing and band-oven), mixers, band-oven operators and machinemen, mixers, receiving clerks ....... Band-oven laminators, after 6 months; cello-bag machine operators .............. Ovenmen, reel ........... Car and truck checkers ... Cuttermen ............... Receiving clerks' helpers, reliefmen, band-oven men, junior machinemen, syrup mixers, stores stockmen ........ Shredded wheat cookers ... Reel-ovenmen's helpers, car loaders and unloaders .............. Pan feeders ............. H.P.A. machinemen, assistant machinemen, packing and band-oven ... Truck loaders and order pickers .......... Power truck operators .... July 1, July 1, 1950 1951 DAYTON, OHIO - Continued Bread and cake Semimachine shops: Mixers, ovenmen ........... $1,525 Oven feeders and dumpers, molders, dividers, benchmen, wrapping-machine 1.475 Doughnut-machine operators . 1.435 1.425 Wrapping-machine helpers, other helpers, packers .... 1.310 leers, wrappers, packers (women) .......... 1.140 Doughnut-machine operators . City and occupation 2/1.540 2/1.620 2/1.450 2/1.530 2/1.400 2/1.480 1.540 1.620 1.450 1.530 1.400 1.480 Crackers and cookies: Continued Agreement B: - Continued Icing room: Machinemen; jelly, cream and icing mixers ............... Jelly, cream and icing mixers' helpers . Packing department: Wrapping and labeling machinemen ........... Wrapping- and labelingmachine helpers ...... General helpers (women): First month ........... Next 2 months ......... Second 3 months ....... Third 3 months ........ Thereafter ............ General helpers (men): First month ........... Next 2 months ......... Second 3 months ....... Third 3 months ......... Thereafter ............ $1,280 $1,330 1.130 1.180 1.350 1.400 1,180 1.230 .820 .860 .900 .940 .910 .870 .910 .950 .990 1.030 .950 .980 1.020 1.060 1.110 .980 1.030 1.070 1.110 1.160 1.600 1.670 1.500 1.570 DES MOINES, IOWA 1.540 1.620 1.450 1.530 1.400 1.480 1.385 1.525 1.335 1.305 1.335 1.470 1.435 1.470 1.285 1.190 1.190 1.190 1.285 1.235 1.140 1.030 1.035 1.010 1.410 1.390 1.350 1.330 1.280 1.210 1.180 1.170 1.150 Bread and cake - Machine shops: Working foremen ........... Dough mixers, ovenmen, pan setters, pan dumpers .................. Benchmen, machinemen, shipping clerks .......... Helpers: First 3 months .......... After 3 months .......... Miscellaneous employees: First 3 months .......... After 3 months .......... DETROIT, MICH. 1.415 1.310 Bread and cake - Machine shops: Agreement A: 1.310 Bread: Mixers, oven operators , 1.310 Flour blenders, ingredient scalers, mixers' helpers, 1.415 dividermen, twisters 1.360 and panners, hench men, oven feeders 1.255 and dumpers, molders .. Pan setters, pan 1.195 rackers, pan greas 1.140 ers, greasers fried foods ................ Bread rackers ......... Bun panners ........... 1.110 Cake: Dough mixers, icing 1.460 mixers, cooks, oven operators ............ 1.440 Ingredient scalers, 1.400 depositor operators, doughnut-machine operators ............ 1.380 Mixers' helpers, depositor helpers, 1.330 1.260 oven feeders and dumpers, icing1.230 machine operators .... 1.220 Pan greasers, cutters .. 1.200 Decorators ............ 1.380 1.450 .980 1.100 1.050 1.170 .980 1.050 1.050 1.120 1.560 1.680 1.460 1.580 1.410 1.320 1.210 1.530 1.430 1.310 1.560 1.680 1.460 1.580 1.410 1.340 1.310 1.530 1.450 1.420 18 TABLE 15.— Union scales of wages and hours in the baking industry, in selected cities, July 1, 1950 and July 1, 1953 - Continued July 1, July 1, 1950 1951 $1,300 $1,410 1.140 1.240 1.560 1.680 1.510 1.630 1.460 1.580 1.410 1^360 1.300 1.210 1.530 1.470 1.410 1.310 1.1 /,n 1.240 1.560 1.680 leers, all other help Sw6et yeast goods: Dough mixers, bakers, proofers, Benchmen, doughnut friers, doughnut *1 . Flour blenders, ingredient scalers, icing mixers and Oven feeders, Dough feeders, scalers • All other help (men) ... Packers, icers, all Pie: Working leaders, pie VmlfprSj f>nolfR ; f\ ...... Pie dough mixers, i.clng or msringn© mixers, ingredient scalers, raw material stockroom leaders ..... Cooks #2, pie peelers .. All other help (men) ... All other help (women) Wrapping: Wrapping-machine set-up men Cake wrappers, bun wrappers, and packers . Shipping, receiving: Checkers .T.1_____ ..... Packers TTT..T__ ....... Receiving and stock— room m e n ........ .. Agreement B: Bread and roll mixers: Starting r a t e ...... . After 2 months ......... Cake mixers, icing and filling cookers: Starting rate ......... After 2 months ......... Doughnut fryers, nft.pr 3 m o n th s Bakers—expert bench hands (after 2 months) ....... ........ Formula men experienced .. Ovenmen: S t s rt.ln g , , . T T t . . T T T . T . . 1.460 1.410 1.300 1.580 1.530 1.410 1.140 1.240 1.460 1.320 1.580 1.430 1.140 1.240 1.410 1.360 1.530 1.470 1.310 1.4 2 0 1.310 1.460 1.540 1.690 1.290 1.440 1.5 2 0 1.670 1.440 1.670 1.410 1.400 1.640 1.570 1.290 1.440 1.460 1.610 T n g r e d i o n t s o n ! e r s t t T. TTt S to c k m e n r e c e l v e r s _T_________ 1.260 1.380 1.410 1.370 1.490 1.610 1.580 1.580 Bakers all-round, benchmen: Start1 ng rate T . . . T . . . . . After 2 months ........ 1.260 1.360 1.450 1.550 A f t e r 2 m o n th s r i i i t t i t t Pie crust mixers: Starting rate . . . . . . . . . . After 2 months . . . . . . . . . 1/ 2 / City and occupation Bread and cake - Machine shops: - Continued Agreement B: - Continued Bread divider operators: Starting rate ......... $1,170 81.390 1.310 1.530 Bread oven loaders, after 3 months, cake depositor 1.530 operators .............. 1.310 Bread wrappingmachine operators: 1.380 1.170 Starting rate ......... After 2 months ...•••••• 1.310 1.520 1.480 1.310 Bread rackers 1.470 (after 3 m o n ths).... . 1.210 Cake decorators: 1.030 1.200 1.360 After 3 months •••••.... 1.190 1.460 1.290 • Pan pullers to washing-machine, washing-machine operators, baking utilitymen, shipping1.460 1.290 Machine operators (not otherwise specified), Habamfa machine 1.260 1.430 operators.... «••••••••• Bread and roll 1.470 mixers’ helpers ......... 1.260 Bread panners 1.470 (after 3 months) ........ 1.240 Pan conditioners, general bakery workers, bakery helpers, oven 1.380 helpers .•••.•••••••••••• 1.210 Decorators, finishing department .............. 1.030 1.200 Bread packers, shipping-room (women): Starting rate .......... 1.010 .770 .830 1.0 60 After 1 month .880 1.110 After 3 m o n t h s .... •••• 1.160 After 6 months .990 Order girls: Starting rate ......... .770 1.010 .990 1.160 After 6 m o n t h s ...... . Finishing department (women) - general icing workers, layer cake icers, bench girls, panners, order helpers, general bakery workers: Starting rate .770 1.010 .830 1.060 After 1 m o n t h ..... . .880 1.110 After 3 months ........ 1.160 After 6 m o n t h s .... . .990 Agreement C: Bread and roll department: 1.810 M i x e r s ...... . 1.515 1.630 Moldermen • • . • • • • • • • • • • • 1.345 Bench helpers . . . . . . . . . . 1.275 1.510 General utility .................................. 1.345 1.380 Panners (women) ....... .990 1.175 Cake department: Mixers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.810 1.515 Icers 1.710 1.415 Depositors ............................................... 1.630 1.345 Depositors’ helpers, icers' helpers •••••••• 1.275 1.510 Icers (women) ......... 1.005 1.210 4-5-hour workweek. Information not available for rate and hours on July 1, 1950 July 1, July 1, 1950 1951 DETROIT, MICH. - Continued DETROIT, MICH. - Continued Bread and cake - Machine shops: - Continued Agreement A: - Continued Cake: - Continued Pan washers, all other Rate per hour Rate per hour Rate per hour City and occupation City and occupation July 1, July 1, 1950 1951 DETROIT, MICH. - Continued Bread and cake - Machine shops: - Continued Agreement C: - Continued Coffee cake department: Benchmen: Clans A ............. Class B ............. Mixers’ helpers ....... Muffin girls ......... Finishers, general utility, leaders (women) .............. Fried cake department: Fried cake makers and leaders .......... Fried cake helpers .... Scaling and flour blending department: Oven $1 , 1eaders .TTT.. Scalers, leaders ...... Scalers, blendern ..... General utility.... .. Panners (women) ....... Specialty department: Decorators ............ General utility ...... Decorator $.1 (women) .• Decorator §2 (women) .. Decorator #3 (women) .. Panners (women) ....... Cooky department: Mlxern ...T.T.TTTTTTtri Depositors......... . Packing leaders (women) Packers (women) ....... General utility women . Hebrew baking: First hands-1 or 2 ovens, cake bakers .... . Second h a n d s .... . He!pers _____ *-,..TtTTTTrl Polish baking: First hands (either handling 2-ovens or mixing dough) ........... Fi rst hands—!-nvpn .T__ TT_ Second hands—partial dough mixers ............. Second hands—!—oven T.. TTt_ Crackers and cookies: Agreement A : Mixers ...............TT. Workers (women): Startdng ra +,e .TTf..tTT After 1 month ........ Agreement B: Mixers: $1,470 (y) 1 .2 7 5 1.030 $1,760 1.660 1.510 1.215 1.0 50 1.230 1 .5 7 5 1.275 1.360 1.510 1.615 1.445 1.345 1.345 .990 1.860 1.730 1.630 1.380 1.175 I .530 1.180 1.125 1.060 .990 .990 1.910 1.330 1.360 1.250 1.175 1.175 1.515 1.345 1.090 .990 .990 1.810 1.630 1.275 1.175 1.130 1/2.333 j/2.463 1/2.222 1/2.353 1/1.667 3/1.760 1.825 1.775 1.900 1.850 1.680 1.605 1.755 1.680 1.490 1.640 •990 1.070 1.100 1.200 Starting rate ..T..TTIT .t , 1.390 1.490 1.540 1.6 4 0 Sta rtl ng ra t e ..... T T, After 1 month 1 .14 0 1.230 1.280 1.330 .990 1.070 1.100 1.200 1.540 1.460 I .694 1.606 1.410 I.360 1.430 1.551 1.496 1.573 1.310 1.441 After 1 month T. Helpers (men): Helpers (women): Starting rate ........ After 1 month T,,,T, , Agreement C: Po V i T ier y U L L A l I l g CoLnH llU assembly department: Machine c a p t a l n a Bakers, sponge . . T. . t , t Assemblymen j f \ . y spnnpp Flour dumpers . . T . . . T t t Ritz mixers ................................................ Pan feeders, mixers’ helpers ..... 19 TABLE 15.— Union scales of wages and hours in the baking industry, in selected cities, July 1, 1950 and July 1, 1951 - Continued City and occupation Rate per hour July 1, July 1, 1950 1951 DETROIT, MICH. - Continued Crackers and cookies: Continued Agreement Ct - Continued Icing department: Working assistant foremen $1,560 $1,716 Head mixers (icing) ... . 1.510 1.661 1.160 1.276 1.140 1.254 1.130 1.243 Packing department: Working supervisors (men) 1.410 1.551 Machine set-up men . . . . . 1.410 1.551 Floormen..................... . 1.310 1.441 Working supervisors 1.210 1.331 Head carton formers, machine operators . . . . . 1.160 1.276 Sweet packers, hand carton formers, "Q" formers, stitchers, weighers, closers, bundlershand, cripple pickers, filling-machine operators, sealers, staplers, sample-room weight clerks, nSH packers and 1.150 1.265 DULUTH, MINN. Bread and cake - Hand shops: Foremen ..................................... 2/1.606 4/1.606 Mixers, overmen..................... 2/1.354 4/1.354 Bench hands ....................... .. 2/1.296 4/1.296 Hand wrappers and packers: First 100 days ................... 2/ . 788 4 / .788 After 100 days ................... 2/ .849 4/ .849 Foremen (women) ..................... 2/ .992 4/ .992 Helpers: After 600 days ................... 2/1.093 4/1.093 Bread and cake - Machine shops: Working foremen ..................... 1.660 1.660 Dough mixers, overmen .......... 1.500 1.500 Bench hands, doughnutmachine operators ................ 1.420 1.420 Machinemen (dividers and molders), wrappingmachine operators ............... 1.340 1.340 Stockmen, receiving clerks . 1.240 1.240 Helpers: After 600 days ................... 1.215 1.215 Dishwashers ............................. .930 .930 Hand wrappers and packers: First 100 days ................... .910 .910 After 100 days ................... .990 .990 Shipping department: Shipping clerks (when only 1 clerk on duty in a plant) 1.420 1.420 Shipping clerks, after 90 days ................... 1.235 1.235 Pie and pastry shops: Bakers ...................................... 1.370 1.370 Women employees: First 150 days ................... .775 .775 After 150 days ................... .870 .870 Crackers and cookies: Men employees: Foremen ................................. 1.640 1.640 Inexperienced ..................... 1.285 1.285 Experienced........................ 1.465 1.465 Women employees: Foremen ................................. 1.050 1.050 Inexperienced (first 300 days) .............. .875 .875 Experienced (after 300 days) .............. .940 .940 ij2/ 48-hour workweek. 44-hour workweek. City and occupation Rate per hour July 1, July 1, 1950 1951 EL PASO, TEX. Bread and cake - Machine shops: Dough mixers ........................... $1,280 Overmen..................................... 1.210 Dividers, machine bread wrappers ..................... 1.110 Oven helpers, 1.070 1.040 .970 Bread rackers (oven) ............ .950 Twisters, panners, and dough mixers' helpers . . . . . .930 Wrapping-machine helpers, pan greasers, icers and .910 GRAND RAPIDS, MICH. Bread and cake - Machine shops: Agreement A: Mixers, wrapping-machine set-up operators .............. 1.450 Divider operators . . . . . . . . 1.400 Shipping clerks, molders . 1.350 Doughnut-machine operators 1.350 Order fillers ..................... 1.300 1.250 1.250 Women cake-shop employees 1.080 Agreement B: Bread department: Foremen, mixers, dividermen, head overmen .. 1.420 Oven feeders, dumpers, loaders . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.320 Benchmen, molders, machine wrappers . . . . . . 1.270 Pan rackers, hand wrap pers, (women), mixers' helpers, ingredientmen, pan greasers, general helpers, bread rackers ........................... 1.170 Agreement C: Bread department: Dough mixers, oven oper ators, wrapping-machine set-up men, bun- and roll-machine operators 1.475 Divider operators .......... 1.375 Oven dumpers and load ers, pan oatfthars - ,- - 1.325 Checkers, molders .......... 1.275 Ingredient scalers ___T 1.225 Flour dumpers ................. 1.225 Dough mixers' helpers, molders' helpers, bread boxers, pan greasers .. 1.175 Miscellaneous help: Starting rate .............. .875 After 60 days ............. .925 After 6 months . . . . . . . 1.025 Cake department: Mixers ............................... 1.475 Wrapping-machine operators ....................... 1.425 Doughnut-machine, pie—machine, deposi tor, and icing-machine operators . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.375 Oven dumpers ................... 1.325 Oven loaders ................... 1.225 Miscellaneous help: Starting rate .............. .875 After 60 days .............. .925 After 6 months ............ 1.025 $1,380 1.310 1.210 1.170 1.140 1.070 1.050 1.030 1.010 1.530 1.430 1.430 1.380 1.380 1.330 1.330 1.130 1.500 1.400 1.350 1.250 1.555 1.455 1.405 1.355 1.355 1.305 1.255 .955 1.005 1.105 1.555 1.505 1.455 1.405 1.305 .955 1.005 1.105 City and occupation Rate per hour July 1, July 1, 1950 1951 GRAND RAPIDS, MICH. - Continued Bread and cake - Machine shops: - Continued Agreement D: Ovenmen, cake mixers ........ $1,430 Ingredient scalers, cakeoven operators, deposi tor operators ................... 1.380 Wrapping-machine operators 1.330 Benchmen ............................... 1.240 Oven loaders and dumpers . 1.230 Cooky-machine operators, pan greasers, order f i l l ers, stockroom helpers .. 1.210 Bread rackers ..................... 1.160 Foremen (women) ................. 1.180 Wrapping-machine operators' helpers . . . . . . 1.160 Pan rackers, shop helpers 1.110 Cake icers and wrappers (women), miscellaneous helpers (women) ............... 1.030 Agreement E: Mixers, doughnut-machine operators, stockmen ........ 1.330 Divider operators, cakeoven operators, bench hands, bread-oven dumpers 1.280 Shipping clerks .................. 1.255 Molders, oven feeders and dumpers; depositor operators, wrappingmachine set-up opera tors, order fillers ........ 1.230 Helpers .............................. 1.180 Doughnut packing-machine operators (women) ............ 1.060 Cake-shop employees (women) ........................... 1.010 HOUSTON, TEX. Bread and cake - Machine shops: Foremen ..................................... 1.575 Dough mixers, icing mixers, and spongers .......... 1.400 Ovenmen .................... .............. 1.350 Benchmen, machinemen, count ers, checkers, oven dumpers and loaders, weigh-up men, scaling-machine operators, cake dumpers, ingredient seal.ers, checkers; female, bread twisters, and bread panners................................. 1.300 Bread wrappers, slicers, and packers ........................... 1.150 Pan greasers, pan and bread rackers ....................... 1.125 Greasing-machine opera tors, female, cake wrapping-machine operators, femnle . . . . . . . . . .980 Wrappers and icers, female: 1st 30 days ......................... .780 Next 60 d ays................T--T .830 After 90 days ..................... .910 Crackers and cookies: Mixers, bakera ................. 1.505 Machinemen; mixers, icing .. 1.405 Rollermen............................. 1.355 Mixers' helpers, dough feeders, trough handlers, spray machinemen, cuttermen, mixers' helpers; icing, and machine set-up men; icing ............................. 1.305 $1,480 1.430 1.380 1.290 1.280 1.260 1.230 1.230 1.210 1.160 1.080 1.480 1.430 1.405 1.380 1.310 1.190 1.140 1.725 1.550 1.500 1.450 1.300 1.275 1.130 .930 .980 1.060 1.655 1^545 1.490 1.435 20 TAFLF. 1 5 .— Union scales of wages and hours in the baking industry, in selected cities, July 1, 1950 and July 1, 1951 - Continued City and occupation HOUSTON, TEX. - Continued Crackers and cookies: Continued Floormen ••••••««••••••••••• Machine operators, female ........... Icing, female •••••••••••••• INDIANAPOLIS, IND. Bread and cake - Machine shops: - Continued Agreement A: Bread department: Oven leadmen................. Oven feeders and dumpers, dividermen, moldermen, bench and machine hands, rollmachine operators, head Bake-shop helpers, wrappers and sackers, packers, pan greasers, Cleaners ••••••••••••••• Cake department: Bench hands, ovenmen, doughnut-machine opera tors, regular mixers •• Scaling-machine operators Dumpers, pan fcoys, helpers................... Wrappers and icers (women) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Agreement B: Bread only: Oven operators, dough mixers, make-up supervisors .............. Molders, dividers, roll-machine operators, machine and bench hands, oven helpers, wrapping-machine operators «*«.«.••••«.. Tngredientmen TTtT--TTtT Bread checkers . . . . . . . . . Bread and bun panners •• Bread rackers, pan greasers, bread carton fille r s, order f i l l ers, helpers, wrappingmachine operators' helpers •••••••••.............. flour dumpers, stockroom helpers........••••••• Cleaners, panroom helpers, bun wrappers Agreement C: Bread only: Mixers, oven operators............•••••• Bread-shipping supervisors, machine make-up supervisors........... Wrapping-machine operators, machine and bench hands Ingredientmen •••••••••• Helpers ............................. Stockroom helpers •••••• Cleaners and pan-room helpers .......................... Rate per hour July 1, July 1, 1950 1951 SL.305 1.205 1.080 1.065 1.580 1.480 SL.435 1.325 1.395 1.170 1.580 1.480 1.430 1.430 1.330 1.330 1.230 1.230 1.480 1.480 1.130 1.130 1.430 1.430 1.230 1.230 1.100 1.480 1.100 1.480 1.430 1.430 1.400 1.380 1.330 1.330 1.400 1.380 1.230 1.230 1.180 1.180 1.130 1.130 1.480 1.480 1.480 1.480 1.430 1.400 1.180 1.130 1.230 1.430 1.400 1.230 1 . 1,0 1.130 City and occupation Rate per hour July 1, July 1, 1950 1951 INDIANAPOLIS, IND. - Continued Bread and cake - Machine shops: - Continued Agreement D: Bread department: Scalers, oven operators, mixers . . . . . . . . . . 11.480 Dividermen, ovenmen, molders, machinemen ... 1.430 Shipping-mom and other 1.230 Cake department: Ingredient scalers, mixers, icing mixers, depositonnen, ovenmen, wrapping-machine operators •••••••••••«• 1.460 Depositors' helpers, dumpers................. 1.280 Shipping-room and other helpers ............•«...••• 1.230 Women workers: 1.020 After 4 mnths ••••••• 1.060 After 3 months ».1. . . . 1.100 1 year or more •••••.. 1.140 Agreement E: Bread department: Dough mixers, oven operators, bread-shipping supervisors . . . • • .......... 1.480 Machine and bench hands, oven helpers, bread machine wrappers •••••• 1.430 Bread checkers . . . . . . . . . 1.380 Order filler s, wrappingmachine helpers............ 1.230 Stockroom helpers . . . . . . 1.180 Cleaners and pan-room helpers ..................... . 1.130 Cake department: Mixers, cake and icing • 1.480 Depositor operators, bench hands, scalingmachine operators, oven helpers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.430 Ingredient scalers ........ 1.400 Checkers ........................... 1.380 Foremen (women) . . . . . . . . 1.300 Helpers ........................... 1.230 Pan cleaners . . . . . . . . . . . 1.130 Ice r s................................ 1.100 Agreement F: Bread only: Dough mixers, make up supervisors, oven operators ................tft. 1.480 Machine bench hands, oven helpers, molders, dividers, roll-machine operators, wrappingmachine operators ••••• 1.430 Bread checkers 1.380 Panners •••••••••••••••• 1.330 Wrapping-machine opera tors' helpers, bread rackers, pan greasers, carton filler s, order fillers ........................... 1.230 Flour dumpers, stockroom helpers 1.180 Bun wrappers cleaners and pan-room helpers, bun slicers 1.130 Agreement G: Oven operators, lead men • 1.625 Dough mixers, doughnut-machine operators . . . . . . . . . t. tTtt 1.525 City and occupation INDIANAPOLIS, IND. - Continued Bread and cake - Machine shops: - Continued Agreement G: - Continued Roll-machine operators, dividers, molders, oven 11.480 feeders and dumpers, wrapping-machine 1.430 operators, ^electors, reliefmen Pan greasers 1.230 Flour blenders............... Stock handlers, Oliver wrappers ............••••••... Bread rac ers and panners General helpers (women) 1.460 Agreement H: 1.280 Bread department: Dough mixers, ovenmen .. 1.230 Bench hands, dough mixers' helpers, oven 1.020 loao.ers and dumpers, 1.060 machine and bench 1.100 hands, dividers, mola1.140 ers, roll-machine operators, wrappingmachine operators T»*.T Oven helpers, bread panners Bread helpers, pan 1.480 greasers and setters, bread rackers, wrapping-machine operators' 1.430 helpers Roll helpers . . . . . . . . . . 1.380 Icers and wrappers ........ 1.230 Cake department: 1.180 Mixers, oven operators ................•••• Bench and machine 1.130 hands....................... 1.480 Order f i ll e r s ........ ••••• General helpers, panroom helpers, stockroom helpers .............. Icers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.430 1.400 Pie and pastry shops: 1.380 Pie fillin g cookers, oven operators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.300 1.230 Ingredient scalers, machine operators . . . . __. . . . . . . . . . 1.130 1.100 Rollers, filler s, trimmers, toppers ................... . JACKSON, MISS. 1.480 Bread and cake * Machine shops • Bread: Foremen, mixers, head nvftnmpn ....................... ■■■■ Divider and roll-machine 1.430 operators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I/wripTfi anr) Hiimpere f ( I . 38O Molder operators . . . . . . . . . 1.330 Panners................................ Roll ovenmen ••••••••••••• Pan greasers, bread rackers •••••••••............. 1.230 Helpers, set-off men, and flour dumpers: 1 st /, weeks , tti »«i i »..« 1.180 2d 4 weeks...................... After 8 weeks .................. 1.130 Cake: Foremen j heeH nrlvore i i i i i Mlvena TT) 1.625 Ovenmen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Depositor and greasing mnr*Mne opono+.one ( ( ( 1.525 Rate per hour July 1, July 1, 1950 1951 I .375 1.305 1.255 1.205 1.155 $1,425 I .375 1.305 1.255 1.205 1.155 1.480 1.480 1.430 1.430 1.330 1.330 1.230 1.230 1.130 1.130 1.100 1.100 1.480 1.480 1.430 1.430 1.230 1.230 1.130 1.130 1.100 1.100 1.430 1.430 1.400 1.400 1.100 1.100 1.130 1.210 1.070 1.150 1.040 1.020 1.000 .950 1 120 1.100 1.080 1.000 .890 .900 •790 .800 .860 .790 .800 .860 1.090 1.170 1.030 1.110 .930 i!cio .830 .910 21 ! 15._Union scales of wages and hours in the baking industry, in selected cities, July 1, 1950 and July 1, 1951 - Continued City and occupation JACKSON, MISS. - Continued Bread and cake - Machine shops: - Continued Cake: - Continued leers, packers, wrappers, and helpers: 4 weeks to 6 months •••• After 6 months ............. Shipping: Head wrapping-machine operators ........................... Wrapping-machine operators Foremen ................................. Checkers .............................. Helpers, supplymen: 1st 4 weeks..........•••••• y 110.790 |0.790 .300 .300 .860 .860 1.070 1.150 .980 1.000 .950 .950 .890 .890 .790 .790 .800 .800 1.250 1.330 1.200 1.280 1.150 %1.230 1.100 1.180 1.000 1.080 .925 1.000 .900 .900 .925 ‘ 1.000 .875 1.000 1.280 1.180 1.140 1.080 1.000 1.060 ,970 .980 .870 1.180 1.140 1.110 1.020 .920 .870 1.410 1.310 1.260 1.190 1.120 1.180 1.090 1.080 .95C 1.310 1.260 1.160 1.150 1.050 .950 1.060 1.190 .870 1.090 .870 .950 City and occupation JACKSONVILLE, FLA. - Continued Bread and cake - Machine shops: - Continued Agreement C: Bread: Mixers ................. Head ovenmen ••••••........ Wrapping-machine operators (standard machine) ••••................ Head machinemen, wrapping-machine operators (#35) ............ Loaders and dumpers •••• Mixers' helpers, bread panners............. Wrapping-machine helpers...........•••••••• Roll panners ••••............ Bakery helpers: 1st 6 weeks ................. After 6 weeks .............. Cake: Cake and icing mixers, head ovenmen Head icers, head wrappers •••••••.......... Wrapping-machine operators •••••........... Ovenmen .......................... Cake depositor operators ••••••••••••• Wrappers, icers, and helpers: 1st 6 weeks ••.••••••• After 6 weeks •••••••• Shipping: Head shipping clerks •••••••••••••••• Shipping clerks •••••••• Assistant shipping clerks, stock-room clerks, and cake shipping clerks ...•••• Shipping helpers ••••.». Agreement D: Bread: Mixers .............................. Oven operators •••.••••• Divider operators ...••• Roll-and wrap ping-machine operators ................... . Mixers' helpers, icing mixers, icing-machine operators, loaders and dumpers, bread and roll panners . . . . . . . . . . Bread helpers .................. Cake: Mixers Oven operators............... Utilitymen ....................... Depositor operators •••• Wrapping-machine operators . . . . . . . . . . . . . Icers and wrappers, helpers ••••••••••••••• Shipping: Shipping clerks, checkers..............•••••• Helpers: 1st 4 weeks................. 2d 4- weeks . . . . . . . . . . . After 8 weeks •••••••• Information not available for rate and hours on July 1, 1950. Rate per hour July 1, July 1, 1950 1951 (i/) (i/) ?1.200 1.150 (1/) 1.100 m (2/) (2/) (2/) (2/) 1.050 1.000 .950 .900 to£ JACKSONVILLE, FLA. Bread and cake - Machine shops: Agreement A: Ovenmen, mixers, and doughnut-machine Dividers, depositors, benchmen, wrappingmachine operators ••••••• Checkers, molders, and roll-machine operators •• Second class benchmen, ingredient scalers, icers, decorators, and stock clerks .............. Oven loaders and dumpers, shipping selectors, and icing-machine operators • Cake icers, panners, flour dumpers, pan greasers, twisters, molders' helpers, and bread rsekers..........••••• Bakers' helpers: 1<s+. ^ mnn+.hfi ^ mnn+.hjs tt.Tttttr Doughnut packers and catchers, cake cutters, packagers, wrappers, sugar-machine operators, carton makers, and catchers ••••••••.............. Agreement B: Bread: Working foremen •••••••• Mixers........••••••••••.. Ovenmen ............................. Wrapping-machine operators..........••••••• Moldermen ........................ D'jv^ey’mAn i t i t u t t m t t Wrapping-machine helpers Feeders and dumpers . . . . He!pnff! tiiit iiitt ttt iti Cake: Ovenmen............................. Depositormen ••••••••••• Unr»lfing f*nr*p1 as . t11 , Wrapping-machine Appratrirs t1tT-tttTTT. t Wrappers, icers, and helpers ............ Shipping: Shipping foremen . . . . . . . Checkers and unsold AhpAlfprs ttTTtrt. ttt.trT Packers, helpers ............ Rate per hour July 1, July 1, 1950 1951 (2/) (2/) .750 ••820 (2/) 1.000 83 <y) .950 .900 .860 .850 (2/) (2/) .750 .820 (.2/) (2/) 1.1X 1.050 (y ) (y ) 1.000 (y ) (y ) (y ) 1.310 1.210 1.160 (y ) 1.100 (2/) (y ) (y ) (y ) .860 1.000 (y ) .860 1.200 1.160 1.100 1.050 .950 .860 (2J) 1.000 (2/) (2/) (2/) .770 .810 .860 (20 (21) (2/) (2/) City and occupation KANSAS CITY, MO. Bread and cake - Machine shops: Foremen..................•••••••••• Ovenmen, drawers, mixers, spongers ................................. Bench hands •••••••••••••••• Auxiliary foremen •••••••••• Foremen (women) •••••••••••• Wrappers, ingredientmen, icing makers, head checkers •••••••••••••••••• Men helpers......................... Women helpers ••••........... Crackers and cookies: Agreement A: Head mixers ............... Head icing-room men •••••• Head machinemen •••••••••• Overmen, mixers •••••••••• Rollermen............................ Mixers' helpers........ . Wrapping-machine operators ..............••••••• Sandwich-machine feeders •••••........... Cracker packers •••••••••• .Sweet-work wrappers and bundlers (women) ••••••...........••••• Cooky packers •••••••••••. Agreement B: Machine captains, head mixers ••••••••••••• Working supervisors (men) ............... Mixers ••••••••••••••••••• Paper stockmen ••••••••••• Icing mixers ••••••••••••• Bakers ........................•••••• Receiving clerks ............. Assemblers........................... Drawers (sponge and sweet) •••••••••••••••••• Mixers' helpers, assemblers' helpers ••••• Warehousemen ....................... Dough feeders, flour dumpers .............................. Sack binders, car loaders, machine set-up men •••••• Working supervisors (women), stackers ••••••• Pan cleaners, pan dumpers, grahan-pan feeders, conveyermen...................... Women icing-machine operators, women machine carton formers Sweet packers, women helpers ••••••••••••••••• Agreement C: Bake shop (sponge): Machinemen, head sponge mixers................ Sponge mixers •••••........ Ovenraen •••••••••••.•••• Mixers' helpers •••••.•• Dough feeders •••••........ Tally clerks .................... Sack cleaners, miscella neous floor workers ••• Bake shop (sweet): Machinemen ....................... Head mixers..................... Ovenmen •••••••••••••••• Mixers' helpers ........ . Dough feeders .................. Miscellaneous workers •• Rate per hour July 1, July 1, 1950 1951 a .350 1.740 1.650 1.390 1.310 $1,850 1.740 1.650 1.390 1.310 1.290 1.290 1.190 1.190 1.110 1.110 1.530 1.380 1.400 1.300 1.140 1.200 1.140 1.000 1.000 1.580 1.430 1.450 1.350 1.190 1.250 1.190 1.050 1.050 1.000 1.050 .960 1.010 1.450 1.345 1.410 1.380 1.350 1.350 1.330 1.320 1.315 1.280 1.260 1.250 1.230 1.200 1.595 1.480 1.550 1.520 1.485 1.485 1.465 1.450 1.430 1.410 1.385 1.375 1.355 1.320 1.180 1.320 1.125 1.240 1.105 1.215 1.430 1.360 1.400 1.260 1.200 1.190 1.090 1.430 1.430 1.400 1.260 1.200 1.090 1.530 1.460 1.500 1.360 1.300 1.290 1.190 1.530 1.530 1.500 1.360 1.300 1.190 TABLE 15.— Union scales of wages and hours in the baking industry, in selected cities, July 1, 1950 and July 1, 1951 - Continued July 1, July 1, 1950 1951 $1,360 $1*460 1,TI0 1*410 1.460 Cooks •••••••••••••••••• 1.310 1.190 1.080 1.020 Supply girls 1.090 Bread - Machine shops: Continued Pan rackers and lidders: 1st 90 days •••••....... 2d 90 days ••••••••••••••• July 1, July 1, 1950 1951 1.070 $0,750 .810 .860 .750 .780 .810 1.130 LITTLE ROCK, ARK. 1.070 1.050 1.130 1.200 1.070 i,?no l.i30 1.050 1.110 Bread and cake - Machine shops: Bread: l .i i o 1.480 Mixers, ovenmen, and Sweet packing: Regular packers, hand Tally clerks, cello 1.370 1.290 Benchmen, molder-machine operators, machinemen, and wrapping-machine 1.230 Stockroom clerks, supply girl8 1.180 1.020 Caddy stitchers, general workers, T» ap o s*1t ot *ci i i i n l l l l i ‘ Label room: Mn r»VH n o m e n t t l T T t T T T t « Assistant machinemen • Truckmen, supply orq t t t t u r t T t t t t * Bundlers ............a Closing-machine opera tors , machine opera tors and feeders • • • • Stack caddies, general workers (casers, hand w ra p p e r's) l ) t t 1 1 T 1 t f . Shipping department: Head checkers . . . . . . . . . . Checkers Carloaders, order fill ers, packers, check ers , stockmen . . . . . . . . . Receiving and warehouse: Checkers . . . . . . . . . . . . . Requisition clerks, paper cutters ....... Car unloaders . . . . . . . . 1.080 .900 .960 1.410 1.360 1.510 1.460 1.200 1.160 1.040 1.300 1.260 1.100 1.020 1.080 .900 .960 1.280 1.210 1.380 1.310 1.210 1.310 1.280 1.380 1.210 1.210 1.310 1.310 1.170 1.110 1.230 1.170 1.000 .960 1.060 1.020 KNOXVILLE, TENN. Bread - Machine shops: Head ovenmen, mixers • • • • • • « Head machinemen . . . . . . . . . . . . Automatic roll-machine operators, wrappingmachine operators, and shipping clerks . . . . . . . . . . . Panners • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • Loaders, dumpers: 1st 90 days • • • • • . • • • • • • • • 2d 90 days After 6 months . • • • • • • • • • • Mixers' helpers: 1st 90 days .............. 2d 90 d a y s ..... .... . After 6 months • • « • • • • « « • « Roll panners.......... . 2/ 48-hour workweek. 44-hour workweek. 42-hour workweek. y .890 .950 1.000 .950 1.010 1.060 .810 .860 .920 .860 .870 .920 .980 .920 Assistant wrappingmachine operators • • • • • • • Helpers: 1st 6 months • • * • • • • . . . . 7 to 12 months ....... After 12 months • • • • • • • • Cake: Depositor operators, cinnamon roll dividers • • • • • Mixers, ovenmen Icing-machine operators, cinnamon roll-machine operators • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • Scalers, ingredientmen . . . Deposit-machine helpers • • Women workers: Floorladies • • • • • • • • • • • • Pan girls, boxers, icers, checkers, wrappers, and packers: 1st 3 months • • • • • • • • • 2d 3 months • • • • • • • • • • After 6 months • • • • • • • 1.090 .910 .980 1.030 1.290 1.260 1.230 1.180 1.070 1.040 .800 .860 .910 LOS ANGELES, CALIF. Bread - Hand shops: Working foremen Mixers, ovenmen • • • • • • • • • • • • Benchmen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Helpers . . • • . * . . * . * . ........ Bread and cake— Machine shops: Agreement A: Foremen, vnrklng tMtirMI Ovenmen, dough mixers • • • • Benchmen • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • Agreement B: Foremen Dough mixers, ovenmen, doughnutmen ___ Machine and bench hands Dough mixers' helpers • • • • Twisters, moldennen, oven dumpers Oven feeders, ingredientmen ........... Machinemen, wrapping • * • « * City and occupation July 1, July 1, 1950 1951 LOS ANGELES, CALIF. - Continued Roll helpers, bread rackers, wrapper feeders, and shipping clerks' helpers: 2d 90 da y s ......... •••• Sponge packing: (standard crews) •••• Conveyor packers (standard crews), packers from City and occupation KNOXVILLE, TENN. - Continued KANSAS CITY, MO. - Continued Crackers and cookies: Continued Agreement C: - Continued Icing department: Rate per hour Rate per hour Rate per horn* City and occupation 2/1.805 2/1.705 2/1.575 2/1.305 2.050 1.950 1.860 2.050 1.950 1.860 1.860 1.860 1.860 1.690 Bread and cake - Machine shops: - Continued Agreement B: - Continued $0,810 Machine and bench-hand .870 helpers, flour dumpers, .920 bread rackers ........... $1,540 $1,660 Pan washers, greasers •••• 1.660 1.540 Hand wrappers •••••*•••••• 1.520 1.640 Conveyermen, tailers, bun si 1eers, .810 1.470 1.590 .840 Agreement C: .870 Foremen .................. 2.050 2.170 Ovenmen, mixers, icing mixers •••••••••••• 1.950 2.070 Bench hands ••••••..... 1.980 Machine operators, depositors • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 1.980 Ingred1ent sos1ers 1.580 1.700 1.820 Oven helpers . . • • • • • • • • • • • 1.660 1.540 1.470 AinHIIsry unrlrers » » » » » « » » 1.500 1.620 1.390 Packers and helpers ..111. 1.450 1.570 Pan washers, unskilled help .................... 1.340 1.660 Women employees: 1.330 1.410 1.290 Machine wrappers • • • « • • • 1.240 1.360 ErperlencAd help ,,,,,,, 1.280 1.300 1.180 Inexperienced help ..... 1.050 1.170 1.190 Pie and pastry shops: Foremen .............. ... 1.870 2.010 .960 Head ovenmen ............... 1.770 1.910 1.030 Head cream cooks, 1.130 fruit cooks • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 1.770 1.910 Dough mixers ....... ... 1.770 1.910 Head checkers •••••••••••••• 1.500 1.640 1.390 Second ovenmen . • • « • • • . « • • • • 1.500 1.640 1.360 Tnnnlntr backers . . . . . . . . . __ 1.500 1.640 Second cream cooks . . . . . . . . . 1.500 1.640 Scalers .......... ... 1.450 1.590 1.330 Rollermen .................. 1,450 1.590 1.280 Toppers........... ........ 1.340 1.480 1.170 Foremen (women) • • • • • • • • • • « . 1.240 1.380 Helpers 1.280 1.420 1.140 Packers and wrappers . . . . . . . 1.130 1.270 Hebrew baking - Bread: First hands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5/2.071 5/2.249 Second hands • • • • • • • • • • • • • • « 5/1.906 3/2.085 .850 French baking - Machine shops: .910 Foremen, ovenmen, .960 mixers .................... 4/1.840 4/1.840 Mixers, ovenmen under a foreman ................. 4/1.690 4/1.690 • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 4/1.590 4/1.590 Benchmen Machine operators, hand wrappers * * * * . * . t t t t t t t t t t t 4/1.390 4/1.390 2/1.915 Helpers: 2/1.815 First year 2/1.685 4/1.240 / . s>/n Second year 2/1.415 4/1.340 4/1*340 Crackers and cookies: Head mixers, icing ....... 1.505 2.170 Ovenmen, cuttermen, re— 2.070 liefmen, peelers •••••••• 1.600 1.455 I.5 53 Mixers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.980 1.413 Rollermen........ • • • • • • 1.390 1.530 2.170 Flour dumpers, dough feeders, pan cleaners and 2.070 feeders, pan dumpers • • • • 1.293 1.423 Women: 1.980 Forming—machine 1.980 operators, sponge packers, spreaders, 1.980 sponge stackers, hand bundlers, scalers, weighers . . . . . 1.980 .978 1.078 1.810 Sweet packers • • • • • • • • • • .940 1.035 1.860 1.860 h 1.650 23 TABLE 15.— Union scales of wages and hours in the baking industry, in selected cities, July 1, 1950 and July 1, 1951 - Continued Rate per hour Rate per hour City and occupation 1,400 $1,500 first hands, divider operators, molders, utilitymen, first slicers, roll benchmen .... Head packers and checkers ............. Cake benchmen ............ Mixers' helpers, pan rackers, stockmen, packclass ................ Bread panners, twisters, pan setters, flour dumpers, after months .... Bakery helpers, pan greas- 4 July 1, July 1 1950 1951 LOUISVILLE, KY. - Continued LOUISVILLE, KY. Bread and cake - Machine shops: Agreement A: First mixers ........... $ Overmen, dumpers, feeders 1.370 Second cake mixers, wrap- 1.350 1.470 1.450 1.320 1.420 1.300 1.400 1.270 1.370 1.180 1.^60 1.110 Bread packers, after 4 1.100 Foremen (women) ......... 1.050 Women production workers, 1.020 and finishers .......... 1.000 Agreement Bs OwAnmen, cake .r...... Tt 1.480 Mixers ................... 1.380 Dividers, overmen, feeders and dumpers, machine operators ..... 1.330 Mixers' helpers, mnlders, r«"H efmen ___,. 1.280 Bread rackers .......... Pan spotters, machine pan-greasers .......... General helpers, packers, order fillers, wrappers' helpers .......... . Flour blenders ........ . 1.050 Agreement C: Mixers................ 1.425 Dividers, molders, deposi tors, oven feeders and dumpers, doughnut-machine operators, bread ingre dient scalers, shipping clerks, checkers, benchmen •••••••...... 1.375 Stockkeepers, twisters ... General helpers, flour dumpers, machine cleaners Women helpers (cake shop) ................ Agreement D: Head mixers 1.425 Mixers, ovenmen, feeders, shipping-and-receiving clerks ............ . 1.405 Machinemen, head check ers, head wrappers and slicers (machine) ..... . 1.345 Piim p at*a f t t _ T_ 1.315 Flour dumpers, general helpers 1.245 WI appillg*auu OAiwiiig" machine helpers, pan rackers, greasers, mixAp,A * hfilpAT*S -T.-T.------ 1.235 Bread rackers, bench and machine helpers .... 1.195 1.580 1.480 1.430 1.200 1.300 1.150 1.500 1.450 1.325 1.195 1.075 1.500 1.480 1.310 1.270 Wrapping-machine helpers (rolls), women breadrackers ............. . Pan cleaners ........... Krum employees, roll boxers ............... Agreement F: Oven operators ......... Mixers ............... . Divider operators, molder operators, benchmen, roll-machine operators, bread feeders and dumpers, cake oven feeders ..... Wrapping-machine opera tors, ingredient scalers, cake depositors, pan greasers, shipping clerks and checkers .......... Selectors, bread rackers, machinemen, pan rackers, bread packers .......... Cake dumpers, stock hand lers, flour dumpers, mixers' helpers, general production workers ...... Foremen (women) ........ Wrapping-machine feeders and helpers, cake wrap pers and icers, cooky and doughnut girls, roll and bread panners ......... General bakery helpers, cake ................. 1.330 1.310 1.385 1.280 1.355 1.280 1.355 1.260 1.210 1.180 1.335 1.285 1.252 1.170 1.245 1.120 1.030 1.020 1.520 1.470 1.370 1.195 1.105 1.270 Bread and cake - Machine shops: - Continued Bread: - Continued FH vlHprs ,,,, Molders, wrappers, oven helpers ........ Tr (3/) Rackers, helners ....... Q/) Icers and packers (female) ............. (3/) Cake and doughnut: Foremen (cake bakers) .... Ovenmen and depositors ... Mixers helpers^ doughnut-machine operator...... ....... General he pars -i,,,>-t.■ ( /) Foreladies (cake wrapping and finishing) ............ ( /) Cake decorators.... . /) Icers ................. ( /) Wrapping machine operators ............. Helpers (fenisle) doughnut pnrkprs fTTT.T(f Shipping: ( /) Head shippers__,, Afl.cnflhflnt. «sIrfpp<*t*c Helpers .... 1.-,-rT. 1 (22 2 ,, TtTT1 an $1,255 1.205 1.155 1.035 1.555 1.305 1.205 1.155 1.125 1.135 1.075 an 1.035 an .985 3 3 05 3* .5 } (i/) 111*90* an 1.155 MEMPHIS, TENN. 3read and cake - Machine shops: Agreement A: Bread: Foremen....... TtTTttt 1.570 Mixers, ovenmen, end leadmen ........... Tt Divider operators, bun-machine ope"ators ........ . 1.470 Molder operators, bench hands, and oven he!pars Bread rackers ........ Helpers: 1st 3 months ,,T,,rt«. to months ...... After 9 months ...... 1.370 Cake: Foremen ............. Leadmen ............. Mixers .........T.trr, Ovenmen ............ Tt Doughnut-machine operators ........... Ingredient scalers .... Scaling-machine operators, benchmen ... ChAokers .... ,,, ,, 1.150 Leadwomen ..... ....... Icing-machine operators Wrapping-machine operators ........... Scaling-machine opera 1/1.457 tors' helpers, bench 1/1.324 helpers, and helpers: 1st 3 months -.... . . 1/1.235 6/1.026 /, to months After 9 months ....... Female helpers: st months ........ /, t.o months ........ 1.355 1.330 After 9 months ....... 1.620 4 9 1.050 1.000 1.100 6 an an an 2 1 1.200 1.300 1.250 1.150 an 1.095 1.320 1.420 Bread and cake - Hand shops: Foremen .................... 1/1.377 Mixers .................. 1/1.244 Ovenmen, bench hands ••••••• 1/1.155 Hand icers (women) •••••■... / .946 Bread and cake - Machine shops: Bread: Head ovenmen, general relief ............... (3/) Mixer ................ 8 1.495 1.435 1.405 MANCHESTER, N. H. 1.420 1.380 1.320 $1,505 1.160 1.235 1.150 1.225 Wrapping-machine operators' helpers (bread) ... Bakery helpers, mixers' 1/ 45-hour workweek. 3/ Information not available for rate and hours on July 1, 1950, 6/ 43-hour workweek. 1.420 1.360 Wrapping-ma chine 1.380 1.230 1.330 1.200 1.300 1.250 1.120 1.000 $1,430 1.160 1.080 Julv 1, July 1 1950 1951 MANCHESTER, N. H. - Continued Bread and cake - Machine shops: - Continued Agreement E: Dough mixers ........... Batchmen, ingredientmen, oven operators ...... . Utilitymen, dough mixers' helpers .............. Head packers and checkers Dividers, roll-machine operators ............. Oven feeders and dumpers, bread wrapping-machine operators ............. Wrapping-machine operators (bread) .......... Roll-machine helpers, panners, reliefmen after 60 days, pan greasers, pan rackers, molders .... Flour blenders, dumpers .. 1.190 1.130 1.100 Rate per hour City and occupation City and occupation July 1, July 1 1950 1951 9 1 3 9 $1,710 1.750 1.430 1.470 1.320 1.360 1.270 1.130 1.310 1.170 .920 .960 1.010 1.020 1.060 .970 1.550 1.430 1.410 1.350 1.590 1.470 1.450 1.390 1.230 1.270 1.240 (2/) 1.180 1.220 1.330 1.370 1.130 l!l70 1.100 1.000 1.040 1.060 .920 .970 1.020 .840 .890 .940 .960 1.010 1.060 .880 .930 .980 24 TABLE 15.— Union scales of wages and hours in the baking industry, in selected cities, July 1, 1950 and July 1, 1951 - Continued July 1, July 1, 1950 1951 Bread and cake - Machine shops: - Continued Agreement C: Mixers, ovenmen Bread and cake - Machine shops: - Continued Agreement B: Miners, overmen Overmen ............. . Dividermen, roll- operators ........... Bench helpers, machine helpers, and wrappingmachine helpers ....... Helpers: 4 to 9 months •••••••••• After 9 months...... $1,22*5 $1.29 <5 1.150 1.210 1.130 1.100 1.085 1.190 1.1*55 1.155 1.070 1.120 U/) (V) (3/) (2/) .875 MIAMI, FLA. Bread and cake - Machine shops: Shipping clerks, stockroom clerks, and wrapping— machine operators •••••.••• Loaders and dumpers..... . Mixers* helpers ............ Helpers: Inexperienced (1st 13 weeks) .......... Experienced (after 13 weeks) ........ City and occupation 1.250 1.150 1.040 .980 .950 .900 .710 .770 MILWAUKEE, WIS. Bread and cake - Hand shops: Foremen .................... 2/1.470 First hands •.•••••••••••••» 2/1.380 Benchmen: First hands .............. 2/1.300 Second hands ............. 2/1.200 Third hands........ . 2/1.090 Bread and cake - Machine shops: Agreement A: Mixers, overmen, doughnut1.500 machine operators •••••<>• Depositor operators, dividermen, ingredient scalers, oven feeders and dumpers (bread) ••••. 1.400 Clerks, shipping and receiving ••••••••••••••, 1.400 Oven feeders and dumpers (cake), bench hands, wrapping-machine opera tors, moldermen •••••.••, 1.310 Bench and machine helpers ............ ... 1.190 Miscellaneous helpers: Men .................... 1.190 Women .••••••••••••••••• 1.100 Agreement B: Working foremen .......... 1.720 Mixers, shipping clerks •• 1.470 Dividermen ..... . 1.410 Overmen, molders ......... 1.360 Wrapping-machine operators 1.240 Miscellaneous helpers, shipping-roan workers ••• 1.170 .920 .860 bench hands, doughnutmachine operators, stockroom workers ....... Miscellaneous helpers: Agreement D : Mixers, ovenmen, cake decorators ••••••••• Wrapping-machine ,32fi .860 .920 $1,420 $1,420 1.360 1.360 1.160 .950 1.160 .950 1.440 1.440 July 1, July 1, 1950 1951 Crackers and cookies: Continued Wrapping and cellophane Women employees: Checkers ............... $1,000 $1,000 Carton-forming machine operators, machine girls, packers, handlers .............. Carton—caddy and cases . •920 Feeders ................ .890 .890 .940 ,920 .940 MINNEAPOLIS, MINN. 1.420 tors, molders, flour dumpers, ingredient scalers, depositor operators ............. Shipping-room workers Miscellaneous helpers: City and occupation MILWAUKEE, WIS. - Continued 1.420 Dividermen, bench hands, Bread and cake - Hand shops: Foremen ............. . 1/1.470 2/1.555 Mixers, ovenmen, bench hands ..................... I/I 4/1.445 Wrapping-machine operators • 2/1.130 4/1.185 Helpers: First 1,000 hours ....... 1/ .820 1/ .868 Second 1 ,000 hour's .TTtftD 1/ .890 T/ JL/ Third 1,000 hours •••••••• 1/ 1950 / Fourth 1,000 hours ...... 1/1.020 1/1.075 Fifth 1,000 hours ........ 2/1.090 4/1.157 Sixth 1,000 hours ........ 4/1.230 4/1.302 Women hand icers ........... 1/1.030 1/1.070 Bread and cake - Machine shops: Foremen •••••••••••••••••••• 1.740 1.800 Doughnut machine operators • 1.570 1.630 Icing and batter mixers •••• 1.570 1.630 Sponge and dough mixers, oven operators and ovenmen 1.570 1.630 Depositors, and/or dropmachine operators ......... 1.460 1.520 Dividers, molders, bench hand s, bun—machine operators ...... . 1.460 I Cake ingredient scalers, fruit cookers, kettle fryers .................... I 1.460 Traveling—oven feeders and dumpers, doughroom men, slicing- and wrappingmachine operators ....TtTTT 1.460 1.520 Foremen (women), twisters, dough panners, oven and bench helpers ••••••••••••• 1.250 1.310 Jell- or icing-machine operators, cake wrappers, and semiautomatic cake wrappers ............. 1.250 1.310 Helpers: First 8 weeks ......tt.TTt 1.100 1.160 After 8 weeks 1.310 Women employees: Finishers, wrappers, packers: First 8 weeks ..M t ,1IH •900 •960 After 8 weeks 1.000 1.060 Hebrew baking: Hand shops: Foremen, all-round cakemen ...............__ 2/1.610 4/1.670 General cakemen, mixers, ovenmen /I / Bench hands, machinemen .. 1/1*413 1/1*473 Helpers, inexperienced •.. 4/1.012 4/1.072 Finishers (women) ........ /I.O O (i/) Machine shops: Foremen, all.—round cakemen 1.903 1.843 General cakemen, mixers, ovenmen ...........____ 1.653 1.593 Bench hands, machinemen •• 1.533 1.593 .360 1.380 1.280 1.380 1.280 1,350 1.160 1.160 1.250 Women ...... ••«•••••••• .960 .960 Bread only Machine shops: 1.140 Foremen ........... ..... . 1.470 1.470 Mixers, ovenmen ............ 1.420 1.420 Oven loaders and dumpers, 1.080 1.050 wrapping-machine operators, moldermen, dividermen ..... 1.000 1.360 1.360 Stockroom workers ......... 1.360 1.360 Miscellaneous helpers (men) .810 1.160 1.160 Cake only - Machine shops: Foremen •••••••••••••••••••• 1.470 .870 1.470 Mixers, ovenmen ............ 1.420 1.420 Depositor operators ..... 1.360 1.360 Miscellaneous helpers: M e n ...... ......... . 1.160 1.160 Women 2/1.570 .950 .950 2/1.480 Hebrew baking - Bread and cake: Cake bakers, bread workers ................... 2/1.440 2/1.540 2/1.400 Dough mixers, benchmen .,,,, 1/1.360 1/1.460 2/1.300 2/1.150 Crackers and cookies: Sponge department: Head mixers............ 1.450 1.450 Ovenmen ............ . 1.370 1.370 Mixers, relief rollermen, 1.525 peelers-in ....... . 1.350 1.350 Rollermen, peelers-out ... 1.250 1.250 Mixers1 helpers .......... 1.220 1.220 Packers ............ . 1.425 .970 .970 Sweet department: Mixers, relief i.425 rollermen ......... .. 1.350 1.350. Machinemen, ovenmen ...... 1.300 1.300 Mixers1 helpers .......... 1.220 1.220 Ovenmen1s helpers ........ 1.335 1.150 1.150 Pan feeders, greasers, general 1.215 helpers .•••••••••••••••• 1.070 1.070 1.215 Pnnkers ___ m - T M t i m n .940 .940 Icing room: 1.125 Machinemen ............. 1.300 1.300 Packers .................. 1.820 •940 •940 1.570 Feeders and stackers ..... .890 .890 Packing department: 1.510 Floormen 1.460 1.200 1.200 Floormen's helpers ••••••« 1.340 1.100 1.100 Scalers •••••••••«•••••••• •940 • .940 1.270 Women employees ...... . .890 .890 1/ 45-hour workweek. 2/ 48-hour workweek. Information not available for rate and hours on July 1, 1950. 2/ July 1, July 1» 1950 1951 MILWAUKEE, WIS. - Continued MEMPHIS, TENN. - Continued Rate p<jr hour Rate per hour Bate per hour City and occupation 9/1 1 1.013 .520 .520 1.250 4 .466 4 1.526 4 8 TABLE 15.— Union scales of wages and hours in the baking industry, in selected cities, July 1, 1950 and July 1, 1951 - Continued July i, Jjly 1, 1950 1951 City and occupation MINNEAPOLIS, MINN. - Continued MINNEAPOLIS, MINN. - Continued Hebrew baking: - Continued Machine shops: - Continued Helpers: First 6 months •••••••«• 7 - 1 2 months ••••••«••* 1 - 1 1/2 years •••••••« 1 1/2 - 2 years ••»•••.* After 2 years •••••.•••» Crackers and cookies: Baking department: Sponge mixers Senior sweet mixers •••••• Sweet mixers ••••••••••••• Assembly sweet mixers •••• Sirup mixers *.......... Assistant sweet mixers ••• Sponge department: Overmen •••••••••••••••••• Peelers •••••••••••••••••• Laminator operators, machinemen •••••••••••••• Liai overmen ••••••••••••• Taxe-out men •••••••.••••. Laminator sheet feeders •• Stackers .............. Swept department: Oven firemen ••••••••••••• Ovenmen and machinemen ••• Overmen's helpers and relief ....... ..... . Panmen, hand ••••••••••••• Inexperienced workers (men) $ First 30 days •••••••••• Second 30 days ••••••••• After 60 days •••••••••• Icing department: Mixers, machinemen ••••••• Mar shmallovmen: First 30 days Second 30 days ••••••••• Third 30 days ....... . 90 to 130 days ••••••••• Experienced, after 6 months •••••••••••••• Floormen: First 30 days •••••••••• Second 30 days ••••••«•• Third 30 days •••••••••• 90 to 180 days ••••••••• Experienced, after 6 months •••,•••••••••• Icing sandwich operators (women) •»«•»•••••••••••• Checkers (women) ••••••••• Packers (chill room) ••••• Packers •••••••••»•••«•••• Enrober operators (women) Weighers and baggers •«••• Tray feeders (women) .«••• Miscellaneous girls •••••• Inexperienced workers (women): First 30 days •••••••••• Second 30 days ••••••••« Third 30 days •••••••••• After 6 months ••••••••• Packing department: Wrapping-machine men •••«• Assistant stock clerks ••• Stock room helpers •»••••« Helpers - men: First 30 days •••••••••• Second 30 days •••••••.. After 60 days •••••••••• Crackers and cookies: Continued Packing department: Continued Inexperienced workers (women): First 30 days •••••••••• Second 30 days ••••••••. After days •••••••••• Case sealers •••.••••••••• 1/ 4-5-hour workweek, 2/ 48-hour workweek, 4/ 44-hour workweek, $1*037 1.138 1.183 1.238 1.233 $1.U7 1.198 1,248 1.29< 1.34r 1*320 1.310 1.265 1,225 1.205 1.120 1.370 1.360 1.315 1.2 75 1.255 1.1 1,400 1.3*0 1.450 1.430 1.265 1.265 1.210 1.210 1.150 70 1.315 1.310 1.260 1.260 1.200 1.325 1.265 1.375 1.315 1.210 1.120 1.260 1.170 •900 .950 1.000 1.000 1.050 1.130 1.265 1,315 .940 .990 1.040 1.080 .990 1.040 1.080 1.120 1.120 1.170 .350 .900 .950 1.000 .900 .950 1.000 1.040 1.040 1,090 1,020 1.000 .970 .950 .915 .360 .360 .330 1.070 1.050 1.020 1.000 .965 .910 •910 .830 .750 .775 .795 .835 .770 .310 .835 .880 1.230 1.225 1.175 1.280 1.275 1.225 .850 •900 .950 .900 .950 1.000 Rate per hour Pate per hour Bate per hour City and occupation 60 Sponge packers (cartons and 1 pound Krispies), checkers and relief (women) ••••••••••••••••• Sponge packers ..••«•••••• Graham packers ••••••••.•• Carton formers, caddy stitchers, senior (women) ••••••••••••••••• Handlers »•••••.••*•••••.« July 1, July 1, 1950 1951 City ur.d occupation July 1, July 1, 1950 1951 NEWARK, N. J. - Continued $0,750 .775 .795 1.165 1.040 *0.7% .810 .335 1.215 1.090 1.000 .980 .980 .950 1.050 1.030 1.030 1.000 .905 .905 .955 .955 NEWARK, N. J. Bread and cake - Hand shops: Foremen, oven workers, Bread and cak* - Machine shops: - Continued Agreement B: - Continued Bread department: Continued Pan greasers, flour dumpers, uuoekmen, bench and machine helpers Wrappi ng-mnehine he 1DAT"!-* Bread rackers ........ . Hand wrappers (women) ••••••••••••••• Cake department: Ingredient scalers and sealjr.^-machine operators Depot:}tor ope rators ’ helpers ............... Dumpers, grease-machine operator?, auxiliary workers ••••••••••••••• Hand wrappers (women) •••••••••••«••• Hebrew Baking: Foremen, overmen 55orond h«nrisj ml rArs Bread carriers, helpers .... Crackers and cookies: Doughnut-machine operators, mixers ••••••••• Ovenmen Icing mixers Ingredient scalers •••.••••• Forklift operators, scalingmachine operators ••••••••• Cake dumpers ••••••••••»•••• Oreose-machine operators, cake wrapping-machine operators, feeders, depositor operators, and auxiliary workers *«tT_ Pack era and rialpers Checkers ••*••••••••••..... Checkers, packers (women) ••••••••.•••••••••• *1.415 $1,475 1.415 1.415 1.475 1.475 1.175 1,235 1.655 1.715 1.475 1.535 1.415 1.475 1.175 1.235 3/2.067 1/2.200 1/1.933 1/2,067 1/1.267 1/1.400 2/1.646 2/1,646 Bench workers, second hands 1/1.479 1/1.479 Third hands ••••••••••••••«• 1/1.292 2/1.292 Bread and cake - Machine shops: Agreement A : 1,740 Keymen (Ovenmen).......... 1.790 1.850 1.740 Ovenmen, mixers ••••••*••• 1.740 1.800 1.620 Keymen (checkers, cake), 1.620 molders, henchmen, divi ders, peelers, scalers, 1.440 oven dumpers, mixers' 1.390 helpers, scaler-feedera, icing makers •••••••••••• 1.620 1.680 Roll panners ............. 1.620 1.680 Keymen (wrapping-machine I operators) •••«..•••••»•• 1.585 1.380 Checkers (cake) •••«•••«•• 1.580 1.640 1.355 Keymen (checkers, bread) • 1.495 1.550 1.305 Icing-machine opera tors, scaler-feeders' 1.100 helpers ••••••••••••••••• 1.440 1.500 Checkers (bread) ••••••••• 1.420 1.480 NEW HAVEN, CONN. Flour dumpers, machine helpers, pan greasers Bread and cake - Hand shops: cake dumpers, auxiliary Agreement A: workers, packers and Foremen .................. 4/1.410 helpers (cake) ...... . 1.330 1.440 Assistant foremen, Slicers, wrappers, mixers, end ovenmen ••••• 4/1.380 packers (bread) ••••••••• 1.330 1.440 Henchmen..... 4/1.330 Cake wrapping-machine Agreement B: operators (women), Foremen ....... •••••••••• 1.360 machine operators Assistant foremen, $ v o t *? j a n fl n v a n m A n (women) »«.»•••...••••••• 1.305 1.365 leers (women) «••••••••••• Benchmen 1.165 1.225 1.280 Hand wrappers (women) .... 1.200 Bread and cake - Machine shops: 1.140 Agreement B: Agreement A: Bread department: Foremen ....... . 1.615 Dough mixers, proof-box Dough mixers .•••»•••••••• 1.480 workers, ovenmen •••••• 1.335 1.775 Dough mixers' helpers, Pan dumpers, dividermen, dividers, ovenmen ••••••• 1.370 molders, roll-machine Molders, checkers, wrap operators, henchmen, pers, head packers •••••• 1.320 machinemen, dough Receiving clerks, wrap mixers' helpers ingreping-machine helpers, dient seeders ••••••••• 1.655 1.715 bench and machine Keymen (wrappinghelpers, pan rackers, 1.680 pan greftflArs machine) .««••••••.•»•* 1.620 1.240 Checkers Krum girls 1.455 1.515 1.120 .645 1.740 1.740 1,620 1.620 1.440 1.390 1.380 1.355 1.305 1.100 1.480 1.450 1.400 1.480 -L.ZOU 1.400 1.745 1.595 1.420 1.420 1.330 1.200 26 TABLE 15.— Union scales of wages and hours in the baking industry, in selected cities, July 1, 1950 and July 1, 1951 - Continued Rate per hour City and occupation July 1, July 1, 1950 1951 Icing mixers ••••••••••••. Receivers, stock clerks .. Shippers (after Dumpers ••••......... .. Utilitymen, pan greasers • Wrappers (women), icers (women) ••.•••••••• Hebrew baking: $ 1.575 * 1.460 1.410 1.360 1.290 1.270 1.520 1.465 1*385 1.365 1.190 1.170 1.150 1.275 1.225 1.230 .920 .980 2/1.875 2/1.980 2/1.750 2/1.854 NEW ORLEANS, LA. Bread and cake -Machine shops: Working foremen...... . Mixers, overmen, reliefmen, Bench hands, dividermen, moldsrmen, wrapping-machine operators and adjusters, automatic-machine operators, and cake depositor operators ............... Ingredientmen ........... . Panners, flour blenders, mixers' helpers, stock and receiving clerks, shipping clerks, and checkers .... Cake slicing-machine operators...... .•••••••• Feeders, off bearers, and pan greasers .......... Cake icers, wrappers, packers, crumb packers, and miscellaneous helpers: 1st 2 months ........... 2d 2 months .............. After 4 months ••••••••••• 1.650 1.730 1.330 1.410 1.220 1.170 1.300 1.250 1.100 1.180 1.040 1.120 .980 1.060 .810 .870 .920 .890 .950 1.000 NEW YORK, N.Y. Bread and cake - Hand shops: Agreement A: First hands, oven workers (foremen) ....... 1.740 Second hands ••••••••••••• 1.630 Helpers .................. 1.410 Shippers and packers ••••• 1.190 Shippers and packers (women) ••••••••••••••••• 1.200 1.025 Agreement B: First hands, oven workers, mixers ........ 1.233 2.033 Second hands ............. 1.720 1.920 Helpers ............... . 1.425 1.625 Packers (men and women) .. 1.325 1.525 Agreement C: Foremen...... ........ . 2/1.781 2/1.894 Bench and second hands ••• /I 2/1.769 Third hands .............. 2/1.531 g/l Agreement D: First hands, oven workers, mixers ......... 1.950 2.100 Second hands....•••••••• 1.997 1.844 Wrapping-machine operators ••••••••••••••• 1.820 1.971 Oven loaders and dumpers • 1.851 1.919 Helpers .......... 1.691 1.841 Miscellaneous workers •••• 1.639 1.789 1.915 1.805 1.585 1.365 2 .656 1/ 2/ 45~hour workweek, 48-hour workweek, July 1, July 1, 1950 1951 NEW YORK, N. Y. - Continued NEW HAVEN, CONN. - Continued Bread and cake - Machine shops: - Continued Agreement B: Rate per hour City and occupation .665 July 1, July 1, 1950 1951 NEW YORK, N. Y. - Continued Bread and cake - Hand shops: - Continued Agreement E: First hands, overmen •<>••• 1/2.000 Second hands ............. 1/1.867 Helpers ••••••••••••••••«• 1/1.500 Agreement F: First hands.....•••••••• 1.769 Second hands ••••••••••••• 1.706 Helpers .................. 1.456 Cake and pastry - Hand shops: First hands ........ . 2.125 Second hands ........... . 1.938 Frankfurter rolls-Hand shops: Mixers ................. . 1.840 Overmen .................... 1.765 Bench hands, packers 1.500 Retail - Hand shops: First hands 1/2.000 Second hands ..••••••••••••• 1/1.875 Third hands 1/1.500 Restaurants - Hand shops: First hands ......... . 2/2.350 Second hands ............... 2/2.150 Third hands .......... . 1/1.750 Cafeteria - Hand shops: First hands........ •••••• 2/2.250 Second hands ............. 2/1.850 Bread and cake Semimachine shops: Foremen .............TTT..TT 1.940 Ovenmen, mixers .......... 1.770 Bench hands 1.640 Packers.............. . 1.270 Bread and cake - Machine shops : Agreement A : Bread department: Mixers, ovenmen ..... . 1.675 Dividermen ............. 1.585 Benchmen ............... 1.575 Ingredient scalers, molder operators .... 1.525 Oven loaders and dumpers 1.495 FI our dumpers .TTTTtrTtt 1.475 Wrappers, head packers and checkers ..•••••••• 1.445 General helpers....•••• 1.435 Cake department: Mixers and ovenmen .... 1.655 Depositors, ingredient scalers, benchmen, frvers ....... .. ....t 1.555 General helpers 1.405 He!pers (women TTTlrTTI 1.200 Agreement B: Mixers ...... . 1.675 Dividers, molders 1.575 Oven loaders and dumpers • 1.535 Mixers' helpers..... . 1.530 Checkers ...... ...T...... 1.480 Flour dumpers ............ 1.475 Wrapping-machine operators 1.450 Pan greasers 1.435 Bakery helpers ......... J-.415 Agreement C : Mixers.............. 1.679 Ovenmen .................. 1.675 Dividers ............... 1.599 Flour dumpers •••••••••••• 1.582 Molders .................. 1.541 Oven dumpers ............. 1.532 Mixers' helpers ......... 1.531 Bakery he!pers 1.480 Checkers .............. 1.445 Wrapping-machine operators .......... 1.440 $ ) Rate per hour City and occupation e 1/2.133 1/1.900 1/1.633 2.044 1.881 1.656 2.338 2.132 1.990 1.960 1.620 1/2.125 1/2.000 1/1.625 2/2.475 2/2.275 2/1.875 2/2.325 2/1.975 2.000 1.820 1.700 1.340 1.735 1.645 1.635 1.585 1.555 1.535 1.505 1.495 1.715 1.615 1.465 1.260 1.735 1.635 1.595 1.590 1.540 1.535 1.510 1.495 1.475 1.739 1.735 1.659 1.642 1.601 1.592 1.591 1.540 1.505 1.500 Bread and cake - Machine shops: - Continued Agreement D: Mixers •........•••••••••• 1.705 Dividers .............. 1.585 Flour dumpers ••••.••••••• 1.545 Mixers' helpers, molders • 1.525 Oven loaders and dumpers . 1.495 Checkers ........... . 1.445 Oven and bakery helpers, pan greasers .......... 1.435 Wrapping-machine operators 1.405 Agreement E: Mixers, ovenmen ....... . 1.575 Dividermen 1.485 Mixers' helpers, molder operators, ingredient scalers 1.425 Oven loaders and dumpers • 1.395 Flour dumpers..... ••••• 1.375 Head wrappers and siic ers, checkers...... . 1.345 General helpers 1.335 Packers ••••...... . 1.305 Agreement F: Mixers, ovenmen....••••• 1.675 Dividermen....... . 1.575 Benchmen ..... ..... 1.575 Mixers' helpers, ingre dient scalers, molder operators 1.525 Oven loaders and dumpers • 1.495 Flour dumpers .......... 1.475 Head wrappers and slicers, checkers ..... 1.445 Packers, general helpers . 1.405 Agreement G: Mixers, ovenmen ........ .1.575 Dividermen........ . 1.485 Mixers' helpers, ingre dient scalers, molder operators............. 1.425 Oven loaders and dumpers . 1.395 Flour dumpers 1.375 Head slicers or wrappers, checkers 1.345 General helpers ......... 1.335 Packers ................ 1.305 Agreement H: Ovenmen ..... . 1.685 Dough mixers ........... 1.675 Dough mixers' helpers •••• 1.625 Dividermen ........ . 1.588 Ingredientmen ...••••••••• 1 o 565 Moldermen..... . 1.525 Oven dumpers......... . 1.485 Wrapping-machine opera tors, flour dumpers ..... 1.475 General bake-shop helpers 1.450 Packers ............... 1.400 Agreement I : Tray-oven operators .... 1.575 Mixers ................ 1.555 Scaling-machine operators 1.530 Confectioners ,..... . 1.525 Oven helpers....... . 1.515 Ovenmen ................ 1.520 Icing mixers ........... 1.495 Depositor operators, ring makers, flour blenders .. 1.485 Ingx*edient scalers, kitchen helpers, bench hands......... . 1.465 Packers and helpers, pan greasers .............. 1.380 General helpers (women) .. 1.175 * $ 1.765 1.645 1.605 1.585 1.555 1.505 1.495 1.465 1.635 1.545 1.485 1.455 1.435 1.405 1.395 1.365 1.735 1.635 1.635 1.585 1.555 1.535 1.505 1.465 1.635 1.545 1.485 1.455 1.435 1.405 1.395 1.365 1.745 1.735 1.685 1.648 1.625 1.585 1.545 1.535 1.510 1.460 1.635 1.615 1.590 1.585 1.575 1.580 1.555 1.545 1.525 1.440 1.235 27 TART.E 15.— Union scales of wages and hours in the baking industry, in selected cities, July 1, 1950 and July 1, 1951 - Continued C ity a n d o c c u p a tio n Bate per hour July 1, July 1, 1950 1951 NEW YORK, N . Y . - C o n t i n u e d B r e a d a n d c a k e - M a c h in e s h o p s : - C o n tin u e d A g re e m e n t J : A s s is ta n t fo re m e n • • • • • • • • D ough m ix e rs a n d o v e rm e n , b re a d • • • . • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • D ough m ix e rs , c a k e , c o o k s M u ffin p la te m e n • • • • • • • • • • J e ll-d o u g h n u t-m a c h in e #1.703 1.673 1.665 1.598 helpers ............................... I1.595 .575 D i v i d e r m e n ....................... B e n c h h a n d s • • • • • • • . • • • • « • 1.565 #1.763 1.733 1.725 1.515 1U65 1.460 1.448 1.575 1.528 1.525 D ough m ix e r s ' h e lp e r s and in g re d ie n t s c a le r s , c a k e ................................ .......................... H ead c h e c k e r s , b re a d • • • • • F lo u r d u m p e rs , b re a d • • • • • D o u g h n u t - m a c h in e h e l p e r s • S c a lin g -m a c h in e h e lp e r s • • B read c h e c k e r s , w ra p p in g m a c h in e o p e r a to r s • • • • • • • B en ch a n d m a c h in e h e l p e r s , b re a d • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • P a c k e rs an d h e lp e rs • • • • • • A g re e m e n t K : T ra y -o v e n o p e ra to r s , ov en o p e r a t o r s ..................................... ... Mixers .......................... M ix e rs ' h e lp e r s • • • • • • • • • • D iv id e rm e n • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • T ra y -o v e n o p e r a to r s ' h e lp e rs , d e p o s ito rs • • • • • D ough b ra k e o p e r a to r s • • • • I c in g m a k e rs » • • • • • • • • • • • • R in g m a k e r s , b l e n d e r s • • • • K itc h e n o p e r a to r s , b e n c h m en, f in is h e r s , s e a le r s • P a c k e rs , pan g re a s e rs • • • • F o r e m e n (w o m e n ) • • • • • • • • • • G e n e r a l h e l p e r s (w o m e n ) • • A g re e m e n t L ( c a k e s , p i e s , c o o k ie s ): O venm en, m ix e rs • • • • • • • • • • B enchm en, ic in g m a k e rs , c o o k e rs • • « • • • • • .• • • • • • « • C h e c k e r s ............................. ... S w e e t- y e a s t m en • • • • • • • • • • P a c k e r s a n d f lo o r m e n • • • • • B ak e-sh o p h e lp e r s • • • • • • • « Wrappers and icers (w o m e n ) ................................................. A g re e m e n t M : O venm en, d o u g h m ix e rs • • • • I c in g m a k e rs • • • • • • • • • • • • • D ough s c a le r s • • • • • • • • • • • • C h e c k e r s , s h i p p e r s ................. G en eral h e lp e rs • • • • • • • • • • C o o k e rs • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • W om en w o r k e r s • • • • • • • • • • • • A g re e m e n t N : B read d e p a r tm e n t: O venm en • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • Mixers ••••••••••••••••• Dividers, molders, oven helpers, partners, benchmen, general helpers ••••«•••••••••• Mixers' helpers •••••••. C ake d e p a r tm e n t: Mixers •«••••••••••••••• O venm en, i c i n g m ix e rs , i c e r s , d e c o r a to r s • • • • • Benchmen . ........ . D oughnut m en, d e c o ra t o r s ' h e lp e rs , oven h e lp e rs I c e r s ( w o m e n ) ..........................• P an w a sh e rs, w ra p p e rs, f ru it-r o o m w o rk e rs • • • • 1.468 1.428 1.658 1.655 1.635 1.625 1.520 1.508 1.488 City and occupation NEW YORK, N. Y. - Continued Bread and cake - Machine shops: - Continued Agreement 0: Dough mixers, ovenmen . . . . Benchmen «•••••••••••••••• Miscellaneous workers •••• Agreement P (bread and doughnuts): Dividers ••••••••••••••••• Mixers' helpers, molders Oven feeders and dumpers • Hand wrappers and General helpers, pan 1.425 1.485 1.378 1.438 Agreement Q: 1.580 Oven helpers, blenders, panners ••••••••••••••••• Flour handlers, floormen •••••••••••••••• RronH t/T*»pp«*T»a TrrrTTTrTf .t Agreement R: Foremen Mixers, ovenmen •••••••••• n«pn<Ht.nt* np.nit.nn » | t t M t TVHng m l y b t s t t t t t t t i t t t t t Ingredient scalers • • • • • • • Oven Humper*?* t t t t T t t t 1 t t t t Checkers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . P a n k .r s } h .1 pa r's • t ( t i t t Wrapping-machine operators (vnmAn) tTTtttt1t1ttttttt Helpers (women) • • • • • • • • • • Agreement S: Mixers, peelers, ovenmen, 1.570 1.555 1.525 1.515 1.505 1.495 1.485 1.465 1.380 1.355 1.175 1.640 1.630 1.615 1.585 1.575 1.565 1.555 1.545 1.525 1.440 1.415 1.235 1.585 1.485 1.395 1.385 1.355 1.345 1.585 1.485 1.395 1.385 1.355 1.345 1.110 1.110 1.675 1.575 1.525 1.485 1.435 1.415 1.735 1.635 1.585 1.545 1.495 1.475 1.200 1.650 1.600 1.260 1.740 1.690 1.590 1.355 1.440 1.600 1.690 1.500 1.590 1.395 1.485 1.500 1.355 1.445 1.315 1.405 1.145 1.235 r*el 1 a f* mlVAr*s t t t t t i t t t t t Dividers Molders, mixers' helpers, 1n g T M lI.n t. anal at*s tt(ttt Oven loaders and dumpers .......... Checkers Flour dumpers •••••••••••• Gatiat*a 1 h e l p e r s t t t t t t t t t t Slicers, wrappers, pack ers , key s i ioers t ) t t l t t , Agreement T: Bread department: Mixers, ovenmen •••••••• Benchmen, dividermen . . . Holder operators, mix ers* helpers . . . . . . . . . . Oven feeders and dump ers, pan greasers . . . . . Checkers, head slicers, bread wrappers . . . . . . . . Rack pushers, helpers •• Wrappers (restaurant) • • Cake department: Mixers, ovenmen •••••••• Depositors, dough scal ers, ingredient scalers Icing mixers Oven feeders and delivery General helpers • • • • • • • • Wrappers and packers (women) Rate per hour July 1, July 1, 1950 1951 #2.100 #2.180 1.860 1.940 1.805 1.885 1.750 1.830 1.155 1.220 1.265 1.680 1.620 1.570 1.615 .495 1.435 1.418 1.405 1.385 1.355 I .345 1.325 1.740 1.680 1.630 1.520 1.500 1.580 1.560 1.555 1.435 1.375 I .358 1.345 1.325 1.295 1.285 1.470 1.530 1.450 1.510 2.050 1.675 1.585 I .575 1.525 1.495 1.440 1.435 2.110 1.735 1.645 1.635 1.587 1.555 1.500 1.495 1.210 1.270 1.200 1.260 1.585 1.525 I .495 1.478 1.475 1.415 1.405 1.683 1.743 1.645 1.585 I .555 1.538 1.535 1.475 1.465 1.675 1.585 1.525 1.495 1.445 1.435 1.415 1.675 1.585 1.575 1.485 1.435 1.735 1.645 1.585 1.555 I .505 1.495 1.475 1.735 1.645 1.635 1.545 1.495 1.200 1.260 City and occupation NEW YORK, N. Y. - Continued Bread and cake - Machine shops: - Continued Agreement U: Head ovenmen . . . . . . . . . . . . . Mixers ............................. Dividermen, bread . . . . . . . . Dividermen and platemen, English muffins ..........••••«•••«•• Molder operators, bread . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Mixers' helpers, ingredient scalers •••••••••.. Roundermen, English muffins ••••••••••••••.•• Flour handlers, bread wrappers Pan greasers, bread rackers Box carriers, general helpers, packers ••••.••. Helpers (women) ••«.•••••• Agreement V: Foremen Ovenmen, mixers •••••••••• Bench hands Helpers •••••••.................... Agreement W: Mixers, benchmen, ovenmen ••••••••••••••••• Second class packers, helpers ••••••••••••••••• Third class packers •••••• Pie and pastry shops: Agreement A: Foremen .............................. First hands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Second hands, mixers • « • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • Third hands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Helpers Agreement B: Dough mixers . . . . . . . . . . . . . Dough mixers helpers • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • Traveling-oven operators Machine operators • • • • • • • • Rotary-oven operators • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • Female helpers • • • • • ........ .. General helpers •••••••••• Doughnuts only: Agreement A: Assistant foremen ••••••.. Mixers, cruller fryers, cooks Benchmen ••••••••••••••••• Ingredient scalers ••••••• Doughnut-machine operators........... Checkers, helpers •••••••• Packers, sugarers . . . . . . . . Agreement B: Foremen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Machine operators .••••••• Foremen (women) Slippers, helpers •••••••• Assistant foremen (women) ••••••••••••••••• Packers (less than 1 year) ••••••••••••••••• Agreement C: Foremen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Bench hands •••••••••••••• Packers, helpers . . . . . . . . . Checkers, pack ers, wrappers (women) • • • • • « • • • • • • • • • • . Rate p<ir hour July 1, July 1, 1950 1951 #1*725 #1.785 1.675 1.735 1.625 1.685 1.608 1.668 1.610 1.550 1.525 1.585 1.500 1.560 1.475 1.535 1.435 1.495 1.425 1.485 1.250 1.310 2,040 2.140 1,600 1.200 1.100 1.725 1.325 1.225 1.800 1.625 1.500 1.400 1.225 1.875 1.700 I1.575 .475 1.300 1.470 1.275 1.470 1.275 1.475 1.100 1.275 1,840 1.940 1.740 1.840 1.640 1.740 1.420 1.170 1.450 1.100 1.370 1.000 1.100 1.588 1.555 1.455 1.405 1.365 1.358 1.288 1.648 1.615 1.515 1.465 1.425 1.418 1.348 1.600 I .650 1.500 1.550 1.380 1.430 1.350 1.400 1.330 1.380 1.120 1.170 2.600 1.600 1.200 1.725 1.325 2.825 1.100 1.225 28 TABLE 15*— Union scales of wages and hours in the baking industry, in selected cities, July 1, 1950 and July 1, 1951 - Continued City and occupation NEW YORK, N. Y. - Continued Hebrew baking - Machine shops: Agreement A: First hands Second hands , , , , , , , , , , , , , Helpers ,•«.«••••••,,««»«• Agreement B: First hands Second hands , , , , , , , , , , , , , Helpers •••••........ •» ,,,••• Hebrew baking - Hand shops: Agreement A: Foremen, first hands , , , , , Swingmen, jobbers • • • •,,,• Second hands, third hands Agreement B: First hands, ovenmen »•••• Second hands Third hands •••••••••........ Agreement C: First hands, ovenmen Second hands , , , , , , , , , , , , , Agreement Dx Ovenmen, mixers •••••••••• Bench hinds ,,•••«•«•••••• Third hands Agreement Ex Large shops: Foremen, first hands . . . Mixers, ovenmen • • • • ,,,, Second hands «••••,••••• Helpers in travelingoven shop Small shops: Foremen, first hand , , , , Mixers, ovenmen ••••«••• Second hands ..........,«•«, Third hands •••••••••.•• Bohemian baking - Hand shops: Dough mixers, ovenmen , , , , , , Benchmen •••••••.................. French baking: Bread: Agreement Ax Day work: First hands ••••« ••,,• Bench hands , Agreement Bx Day work: Foremen •« ,,,, Second hands »«•«,•••• Third hands Italian baking: Day work: First hands «••••••••«•••• Second hands , , , , « • , , , , , , , Scandinavian baking: Foremen Second hands •«,,,,•••••««•• Bench hands Helpers ..................... .............. Crackers and cookies: Agreement A: Bakers ••••••••••••••«•••» Packers........ Packers (women) •••••••••• Agreement B: Beltmen , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , Head flounoen Bakers.............. ................... Icing and sugar mixers ••• Flour dumpers ,,,,,, Batter mixers Cutters, washers, plate setters , , , , , , , , , 1/ 45-hour workweek, 2/ 48-hour workweek, 5/ 42-hour workweek, 2/ 37^-hour workweek, Bate per hour July 1, July 1, 1950 1951 $ $ 5/2.143 5/2.263 1 / 2.000 5/2.125 5/ 1.571 5/1.696 1/ 2.000 1/2.125 i/l.367 I / 1.992 y u i h i 1/1.592 2/2.375 2/ 2.500 2/2.313 1/2.438 2/2.250 2/2.375 j/2.143 1/2.286 1/2.143 1/2.000 1/ 1.500 J/l.643 2 / 2.000 2/2.133 2/l.867 2/2.000 2/1.781 2/1.394 2/ 1.656 1/1.769 1/1.531 2/1.665 2.044 1.981 1.881 1.719 2.044 1 . 9a 1.381 1.656 2.244 2.181 2.081 1.918 2.168 2.106 2.006 1.781 1.900 1.980 1.800 1.880 1.770 1.820 1.640 1.700 1.690 1.766 1.643 1.719 1.595 1.671 2/ 1.500 i/l.250 g/1.771 2/ 1.667 2/1.583 i/l.250 1.650 .875 •800 1.590 1.490 1.450 1.440 1.425 1.415 1.400 gA.596 2/ 1.346 2/ 1.896 i/l.792 1/1.708 i/l.375 1.650 .925 .850 1.690 1.580 1.540 1.530 1.505 1.495 1.480 City and occupation NEW YORK, N. Y. - Continued Crackers and cookies: Continued Agreement B: - Continued Fig and jam mixers, marshmallow beaters, mixers* Grinders, cheese and crackers •••••••••••••••• Icing and stager mixers' helpers •••••••••••••.••• Flour dumpers* helpers . .. Rate per hour July 1, July 1, 1950 1951 1 1.375 1.350 1.340 1.325 1.320 1.300 1.275 Bake-shop general helpers 1.250 Checkers, u tility •••••••• 1.125 Feeders, sugar wafers •••• 1.100 Women employees: Feeders •••••••••••••• 1.075 Weighers and checkers 1.075 General helpers •••••• 1.005 Agreement C: Baking department: Machine captains (sweet and sponge)........•••••• 1.510 1,510 Cuttermen •••••••••••••• 1.460 Mixers ......................... 1.430 Bakers, mixers* helpers, rollermen 1.410 Cracker meal grinder . . . 1.310 Utilitymen ..................... . 1.230 Nabisco department: Head fille r and batter mixers ..«»»«..««••..»« 1.430 Machine captains I .430 Filler mixers 1.380 Assemblymen, batter mix ers, meal grinders, and assemblers, spreaders and trimmers •••••••••• 1.330 Machine operators and packers 1.130 General help (women) . . . 1.080 Icing department: Chocolate temperer ••••• 1.430 Mixers 1.380 Checkers and floormen •• 1.280 Superintendents (women) 1.180 Hand bundlers, and machine operators (women) ......................... 1.130 Icing machine operators, packers ••••••••••••••• 1.110 General help (women) . . . 1.080 Packing department: Weight girls and packers 1.130 General help (women) . . . 1.080 NORFOLK, VA. Bread and cake-Machine shops: Mixers, scalers •••••••••••• 1.280 Checkers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.230 Oven supervisors . . . . . . . . . . . 1.180 Truck loaders •••••••••••••• 1.090 Wrapping-machine setters . .. 1.080 Molder operators, divider operators, and rollmachine operators . . . . . . . . . 1.030 Oven feed and delivery ••••• 1.005 Flour blenders . . . . . . . . . . . . . .985 Mixers* helpers, wrappingmachine feeders ••••••••••• .955 ♦ 1.455 1.430 1.410 1.405 1.390 I . 37O 1.345 1.320 1.185 1.150 1.125 1.125 1.050 1.660 1.660 1.605 1.575 I . 55O 1.440 1.355 I .575 1.575 1.520 1.465 1.245 1.190 1.575 1.520 1.410 1.300 1.245 1.220 1.190 1.245 1.190 1.370 1.340 1.270 1.190 1.170 1.120 1.110 1.070 1.040 City and occupation NORFOLK, VA. - Continued Bread and cake - Machine shops: - Continued Bakery helpers ••••••••••••• Pan greasers, molder operators* helpers, and bread packers . . . . . . . . . . . . . Roll baggers ........... OAKIAND, CALIF. Bread - Hand shops: Foremen, ovenmen ••••••.•••• Bench hands Pan cleaners . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Bread and cake- Machine shops: Foremen, dough mixers, ovenmen ••••••••••••••••••• Dividers, molders, roll-machine operators ..........••••••••••• Crackers and cookies: Agreement A: Mixing supervisors, mixers •••••.•••••••••••• Ovenmen •••••••••••••••••• Laminator men Mixers' helpers: First 3 months . . . . . . . . . Second 3 months •••••••• Third 3 months . . . . . . . . . After 9 months ••••••••• Icing-machine hand mixers.............•••••••••• Wax- and cellophanemachine operators . . . . . . . Enrobermen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Icing helpers . . . . . . . . . . . . Women assemblers ••••••••• Flour dumpers •••••••••••• Dough feeders •••••••••••• Floormen: First month •••••••••••• Second month Third month «••••••«•••• After 3 months ••••••••• Women supervisors, working ••••••••••••••••. Women tally clerks ............ Women machine carton formers, packagemachine operators ••••••• Sugar-wafer oven girls ••••.......... ................ Scalers and weighers (women) ••••••••••••••••• Filling-machine operators (women) ••••••••••••••••• Sponge packers, wrappers, bundle weighers and car ton formers ••••••••••••• Sweet packers •••••••........ Agreement B: Ovenmen, machinemen, mixers . . . . . . . ttMTftHlt Mixers* helpers • Cellophane or wax wrapping-machine operators •• Floor women •••••••••••••• Icing women, sweet packers .............................. Agreement C: foktpg supervisors . . . . . . . Mixing supervisors, machine captains •••••••• Rate per hour July 1, July 1, 1950 1951 t * 0.905 0.990 .980 .750 .990 .840 5/1.870 2.000 5/1.710 1.830 y i.0 50 1.130 2/1.985 2/2.145 2/1.895 2/2.055 1.740 1.870 1.680 1.800 1.710 1.440 1.540 1.490 1.590 1*540 1.650 1.590 1.700 1.530 1.630 1.520 1.620 I .475 1.630 I .475 1.580 1.340 1.430 1.290 1.370 1.290 1.370 1.600 1.140 1.210 1.190 1.260 1.240 1.320 1.290 1.370 1.150 1.240 1.155 1.230 1.140 1.210 1.170 1.140 1.080 1.230 1.110 1.080 1.080 1.140 1.080 1.140 1.785 1*920 1.615 1.730 1.580 1.695 1.210 1.300 1.110 1.175 2.090 2.090 1.800 1.800 29 TABLE 15.— Union scales of wages and hours in the baking industry, in selected cities, July 1, 1950 and July 1, 1951 - Continued City and occupation OAKLAND, CALIF. - Continued Crackers and cookies: Continued Agreement C: - Continued Mixers, reliefmen, head icing mixers.......... Mixers1 helpers, bakers, rollemen, oven helpers, wrapping-machine operators, set-up men, oven feeders, icing helpers............................. Dough feeders, pan feeders, fig grinders, table feeders, cellophane-bag machine operators, rack and pan-men, jelly and marshmallowmen's helpers ............................... Floormen............................. Women: Working supervisors Sweet packers, weighers and baggers, cellophane-bag formers, enrobers ........ Assistant fore ladies ............................. Rate per hour July 1, July 1, 1950 1951 OMAHA, NEBR. Bread and cake - Machine shops: % % 1.740 1.740 1.590 1.590 1.440 1.440 1.390 1.390 1.300 1.300 1.100 1.100 1.100 1.100 OKLAHOMA CITY, OKU. Bread and cake - Machine shops: Baking department: Foremen .......................... Dough mixers, overmen, icing mixers................ . Bench and machinemen, cake depositor opera tors, loaders and dumpers ...................... Scalers ........................... Helpers: 1st 6 months ................ 2d 6 months .................. After 1 year ................ Wrapping department and miscellaneous: Foremen ........................ Wrapping-machine operators ........... .......... Checkers .......... ............... Flour dumpers, clerks (store or stale roam) ....................... Inexperienced wrappingroom helpers, bread handlers, packers, pan greasers cake, pan washers, and cake dumpers: 1st 6 months ••••........ . 2d 6 months...... ........ . After 1 year ................ Cake department, female workers: Foreladies, first ........... Foreladies, second .......... Wrappers, cake filling, cake icing, cake cutters, machine operators ......... Hand icers, hand wrappers, labelers, boxers................. New girls: 1st 90 days After 90 days 2/ y 48-hour workweek. workweek. 42-hour City and occupation 1.675 1.675 1.525 1.525 1.425 1.400 .975 1.100 1.175 1.425 1.400 .975 1.100 1.175 1.375 1.375 1.275 1.275 1.250 1.250 1.175 1.175 .975 .975 1.100 1.100 1.175 1.175 1.300 1.300 1.200 1.200 1.175 1.175 1.075 1.075 .900 .900 .950 .950 Rate per hour July 1, July 1, 1950 1951 % % 1.640 1.600 1.500 1.430 1.410 1.400 1.320 1.640 1.600 1.500 1.430 1.410 1.400 1.320 1.100 1.130 1.200 Stockmen .................................. 1.200 Coolermen, wrapping-machine 1.150 1.090 Women cake-machine operators, twisters 1.090 Wrappers, icers, packers (women): Starting ............................... .960 After 6 months................... .930 After 1 year ....................... 1.010 Pie and pastry shops: PI ft mlYftTS 1.450 Working foremen (women) . .. . 1.280 Fnil t fionlr«rs . t. TTt 1.320 Miscellaneous helpers ...••• 1.090 Pie fillers and wra* pers ................................. 1.010 Crackers and cookies: Baking department: Machine captains ................ l.*50 Chrenmen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.300 Reliefmen ............................. 1.260 Peelers-in, rollemen •••• 1.240 Edgers, drawmen 1.170 Pan loaders, take-out men, pan feeders and greasers............................ 1.150 Mixing department: Hfi«d miYftra . . . TTT. TT. . TT, 1.290 Dough-up men, No. 2 1.240 Sponge setters, assemblymen..................... .. 1.205 Mixers' helpers, assem blers' helpers, u tility mixers and helpers, flour dumpers 1.150 Icing department: Machinemen, mixers ••••••• 1.250 Women helpers ..................... .930 Shipping department: Head stockmen, head car loaders, head load assemblymen, checkers, labelers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.190 Order flllers . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.160 Packing department: Machine operators .............. 1.190 Machine operators* helpers ............................... 1.170 Paper cutting-machine operators 1.095 Casers ................................... 1.040 Reliefwomen .............. .970 Women helpers ................. .930 Receiving and storage department: Head stockmen . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.230 Helpers ttt.......... 1.150 1.100 1.130 1.200 1.200 1.150 1.090 Dough mixers, ovenmen, Benchraen ................... Ingredient scalers ............... Dough-room helpers, checkBake-shop helpers and packers: Starting.............................. 1.090 .960 .930 1.010 1.450 1.280 1.320 1.090 1.010 1.450 1.400 1.360 1.340 1.270 1.250 1.390 1.340 1.305 1.250 1.350 1.030 1.290 1.260 1.290 1.270 1.195 1.140 1.070 1.030 X.330 1.250 City and occupation Rate per hour July 1, 1950 1951 PEORIA, ILL. Bread and cake - Hand shops: $ 2/1.490 Foremen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . < Ovenmen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 2/1.365 2/1.302 Benchmen...................................S Hand icers (women) ............... 2 2/ .955 Bread and cake- Machine shops: 1.720 1.770 Foremen Ovenmen, spongers, oven loaders and dumpers, lnvredientmen . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.590 1.640 Benchmen, machine operators, dividermen, raolders, rollmachine operators, twist ers , bread panners •••••••• 1.520 1.570 2/1.370 Shipping clerks . . . . . . . . . . . . 2/1.320 * Men workers: Wrapping-machine set-up operators *••••••••#••••• j Rake—shop helpers . . . . . . . . 1 Wrapping-machine feeders 2/ 1.200 and take-off men............. ‘ i^.190 Wrappers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 Hand wrappers (women) ......... ‘ 2/1. HO PHILADELPHIA, PA. Bread and cake-Machine shops: Agreement A: Head nvenmen . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.620 1.670 Cake decorators, .nvenmen . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.545 1.595 Dough mixers, icing m ixers................................ 1.520 1.575 Bench ani machinemen, steam-box tenders, ingredient scalers •••••• 1.4*0 1.530 Traveling-oven feeders and delivervmen ............... 1.455 1.505 Bread coolers, mixers' 1.430 1. 4*0 helpers, dough punchers Route packers, pastry packers, breai wrappers and packers ....................... 1.395 1.445 Flour pilers, dumpers, baking helpers, pan pr68iS6rs •«••••••••••••»• 1.315 1.365 Wrappers, icers (women) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.030 1.080 Agreement B: Tray- and traveling-oven supervisors, oil-ovenmen, reel- and rotaryovenmen, mixers, icing mfllrftm - r. __. . . _T__ __ 1.495 1.545 Tray- and traveling-oven feeders, deliverymen •••• 1.445 1.495 Bench hands, machine operators, steam-box tenders, depositor operators, ingredient 1.405 1.455 sca lers..................... . 1.370 1.420 Mixers' helpers Fleur blenders . . . . . . . . . . . 1.345 1.395 Wrapping-machine operators, route packers .............................. 1.345 1.395 Reel-oven helpers, bakery helpers, bench helpers, oven helpers, depositor helpers, wrappers, pilers, handlers, roll baggers and wrappers, 1.290 1.240 pan greasers............. Wrappers and icers (women) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.005 1.055 Floor!adifts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.105 1.150 30 TABLE 15.— Union scales of wages and hours in the baking industry, in selected cities, July 1, 1950 and July 1, 1951 - Continued City and occupation Rate per hour July 1, July 1, 1950 1951 PHILADELPHIA, PA. - Continued Bread and cake - Machine shops: - Continued Agreement C: ♦ 1.630 Mixers, traveling-oven operators, head cake decorators, inventory 1.545 Steam-box tenders .............. 1.505 Oven feeders, deliverymen 1.495 Divider operators, moldermen, greasing-machine operators, icing-machine operators, depositor benchmen, doughnut fryWorking supervisors Selectors, flour blenders, assemblers, wrappingmachine operators ............ Rack and panwashingmachine operators ............ General baking helpers, pan greasers, pan wash ers, machine helpers, dumpers, rolls and sweet goods washers, roll panners, rackers, pan feeders, bread packers, carton makers, Vienna and rye cutters, deposi tors • helpo ra T-T. . . . . . . . Hand icers, cake rackers, doughnut tray packers (women) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Pan liners, cake hand wrappers, roll packers (unman ) , . ____ . . . . __ _ . Agreement D: Working foremen .................. Dough mixers, ovenmen, ingredient scalers .......... Benchmen Depositor operators, \cing— machine operators, cutting-machine opera tors, wrapping-machine operators _r. T. __ Pan greasers1 helpers . .. . Floorledies ......................... Wrappers and icers (woman) Tt. t. T. . . . . . . . . . . Pie and pastry shops: Agreement A: Working foremen Mixers, ovenmen, first hands ........................... Second hands . • . . ............. Packers ............... Third hands . . . . . . .............. Agreement B: Working foremen................ Head order packers, oven men, cooks, dough mixers, custard mixers ............... Floorlsdies t. . . . . . . . . . . . . Order packers, ingredient sca le rs........................... . Cooks’ helpers, overmen’s helpers ............................... 1/ 4/ 45-hour workweek. 44-hour workweek. $1,730 1.645 1.605 1.595 1.455 1.555 1.440 1.540 1.425 1.525 1.395 1.495 1.370 1.470 1.360 1.460 1.310 1.410 1.105 1.205 1.065 1.450 1.350 1.210 1.165 1.450 1.350 1.210 1.210 1.210 1.050 1.050 .940 .940 .900 .900 1.600 1.500 1.410 1.325 1.245 1.550 1.730 1.630 1.540 1.455 1.375 1.600 1.450 1.300 1.250 1.250 1.500 1.350 1.300 1.300 City and occupation PHILADELPHIA, PA. - Continued Pie and pastry shops: Continued Agreement B: - Continued Pie makers, shell Dish washers, helpers, wrappers, utilitymen Pie wrappers, crown makers ................................. Hebrew baking: Bread and cake: Foremen, oven hands .......... Second hands, dough Rate per hour f July 1, July 1, 1950 1951 City and occupation Rate per hour July 1, July 1, 1950 1951 PHILADELPHIA, PA. - Continued Crackers and cookies: Continued Agreement B: - Continued $1,150 $1,200 Bake house: Machinemen .............. $1,600 Ovenmen T. TTTT. TT. TtttTT $1,455 1.150 1.200 1.405 1.545 Dough rollers .................. 1.360 1.495 Reliefmen ......................... 1.345 1.480 Rake—hnnsft hoipern , , , t T 1.255 1.050 1.100 1.380 Stockroom packing .900 .950 materials: Supervisors ..................... 1.575 1.735 Loaders ............................. 1.360 1.495 Icing, wrapping, and 1/1.933 1/1.940 packing department: Mach1nomen______ T. . t 1.455 1.600 1/1.867 l / l . 880 Icing mixers . . . . . . . . . . . 1.380 1.520 1/1.733 1/1.750 Fourth hands ....................... 1/1.267 1/1.320 Wrapping department Cake only: helpers . ......................., 1.325 1.450 Foremen, ovenmen ................ 1/1.356 1/1.356 Supervisors (women) Tt. . T. . . . . TTTff 1.300 1.430 1/1.222 1/1.222 Miscellaneous packing Auxiliary workers .............. 1/1.000 1/1.000 room helpers (women) Crackers and cookies: icing room helpers, Agreement A: magazine feeders Sponge and sweet baking: (women) ....................... ... 1.100 1.210 Working supervisors . .. . 1.580 1.740 Packers, bundlers, 1.480 1.630 weighers, stitchers, Mixers..................... . inspectors, stitching1.455 1.600 Bakers, reel or travel . 1.430 1.575 machine operators, Rollermen ....................... . 1.360 1.495 sugarers, baggers and Sewing-machine crimpers of lady operators ....................... 1.360 1.495 fingers, machine opera Ovenmen, reel ................. 1.340 1.475 tors, hand carton formers . . tT. . . . . . . . . . . 1.100 1.210 1.330 1.465 Mixers' helpers Ovenmen, g a s .................. 1.320 1.450 Pan feeders (fast) ........ 1.280 1.410 PHOENIX, ARIZ. Dough feeders . . . . . . . . . . 1.250 1.375 Nabisco department: Bread and cake - Hand shops: Mixers, bakers, Foremen .................................... 4/1.591 4/1.750 machine adjustors . . . . . 1.375 1.515 Mixers, ovenmen ................. 4/L.447 4/1.592 Grinders, mixers' help Machine and bench ers, spreaders and hands ...................................... 4/1.392 4/1.531 trimmer3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.280 1.410 Wrapping—machine Floormen ................... «••• 1.250 1.375 operators ............................. 4/1.243 4/1.367 Packing and icing Pan washers and department: greasers ................................. 4/ .943 4/1.037 Pin trolley operators .. 1.480 1.630 Hand wrappers: Working foremen ............. 1.430 1.560 First 6 months . . . . . . . . . . . 4/ .818 4 / .900 Next ft months . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 / .9 4 3 4/1.037 Tally clerk ................ 1.^60 1.495 Thereafter . . . . . . __. . . . . . 4/1.043 4/1.147 Supplymen .................... 1.330 1.465 Cutting-machine Bread and cake - Machine shops: operators ....................... 1.225 1.460 Baking department: Pan dumpers (fast) ••••. 1.320 1.450 Foremen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.780 1.958 Machine set-up men, Dough mixers, ovenmen •••• 1.670 1.837 paste makers, and icing Machinemen, bench hands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.550 1.705 mixers' helpers ••••.•• 1.280 1.410 Pan washers etrT . . . T, , , t 1.060 1.166 Stockmen ................. 1.260 1.385 Pan dumpers (slow), Wrapping department: rltz baking machine Foremen................... ............ 1.500 1.650 operators and tallymen 1.230 1.355 Machine operators . . . . . . . . 1.400 1.540 Scalers and weighers ... 1.220 1.340 Machine helpers: Floormen ...................... . 1.210 1.330 Fi rnt. 3 months __,, 1.010 1.111 Women employees: Second 3 months . . . . . . . . 1.060 1.166 Thereafter . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.170 1.287 Working foreladies ... 1.280 1.380 Working supervisors .. 1.180 1.300 Flour dumpers ................ 1.170 1.287 General packing .......... 1.120 1.230 First class packers .. 1.090 1.200 PITTSBURGH, PA. Second class packers 1.060 1.165 Agreement B: Bread and cake - Hand shops: Mixing department: Foremen ....................... .. 1. .. . 1.570 1.720 Dough mixers, mixers’ Ovenmen ................................... 1.470 1.620 assemblers................... 1.455 1.600 Dough mixers . . . . . . . _____ _ 1.420 1.620 Assemblers............. ....I 1.360 1.495 Benchmen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.420 1.560 Dough mixers' helpers .• 1.330 1.465 Helpers ................................... 1.300 1.430 Mixing room helpers 1.225 1.380 Wrappers and icers .990 1.090 31 TABLE 15.— Union scales of wages and hours in the baking industry, in selected cities, July 1, 1950 and July 1, 1951 - Continued City and occupation PITTSBURGH, PA. - Continued Bread and cake- Machine shops: Working foremen ..................... Mixers, overmen, ingredient scalez*s, cookers.................. Holders, dividers, benchmen, machine hands, bread panners ................................... Oven feeders, dumpers......... Mixers' helpers, bake-shop helpers ................................... Checkers and shipping clerks, wrapping-machine operators ............................... Wrapping-machine helpers ... Helpers (women) ..................... Hebrew shops: Bread: First hands, overmen ........ Second hands, mixers ••••• Third hands, bench hands Wrappers ............................... Pan greasers ....................... Wrappers and helpers (women) ............................... Cake: First hands ......................... Second hands, bench hands Dumpers, icers, wrappers and packers (women) . . . . . Bread and cake - Retail shops: Foremen ................................... Dough mixers ........................... Benchmen ................................... Pan greasers ........................... Crackers and cookies: Agreement A: Mixing supervisors ............ Rollermen ............................ Overmen ................................. Flour dumpers ..................... Cuttermen, relieftnen . . . . . Dough feeders, pan clean ers and feeders, pan dumpers ............................... Floormen ............................... Sealers and weighers ........ Women workers: Working supervisors . . . . Sponge packers............... Sweet packers .................. Carton formers, scalers and weighers .................. Agreement B: Mixers and machine captains ............................. Machinemen ........................... Head icing mixers .............. Rollermen .......................... Oven firemen ....................... Overmen and utilitymen . .. Dough feeders ............••*.. Cuttermen and reliefmen .• Pan cleaners and feeders Machine set-up men ............ Floormen ............................... Scalers, weighers . . . . . . . . Women workers: Sponge packers ................ Sweet packers, machine operators, and carton formers ........................... Scalers, weighers, and hand bundlers . . . . . . . . . Rate per hour July 1, July 1, 1950 1951 City and occupation City and occupation Rate per hour July 1, July 1, 1950 1951 PORTLAND, OREG. - Continued Crackers and cookies: Continued $1,570 $1,720 $1,400 $1,485 Packing department (male): Machine set-up man . . . . . . . (1/) 1.4-70 1.620 Floor man ............................ 1.340 1.420 Packing department (female): (2/) Working supervisor ............ (2/) 1./20 1.560 Packer, machine operator (2/) 1,360 1.500 Miscellaneous helpers •••• (2/) Icing department (men): 1.300 1.430 Mixer ..................................... 1.280 1.355 Mixers' helper .................. (2/) Q/) Machine set-up men 1.250 1.375 (2/) *1.200 1.265 Floorman............................... (2/) 1.210 1.330 1.150 1.210 Icing department (female): .990 1.090 1.000 1.045 Working supervisor ............ (20 Machine operator............... Q/) 1.400 1.400 Miscellaneous helpers . . . . (2/) 2/1.708 2/1.771 1.350 1.350 Cone department: 2/L.645 2 /l.708 Mixers ................................... (2/) 2/ I .562 i/l.625 1.300 1.300 Mixers' helpers.................. (1/) 2/ .999 2/1.062 1.250 1.250 Packers (female) ................ (2/) 2 / .895 2/ .958 .950 .950 General: Inexperienced female workers : 2/ .749 2/ .812 PORTLAND, OREG. First 30 days ..................... Second 30 days ................... (2/0 2/1.645 2/1.708 (2/) 2/1.562 2/1.625 Bread and cake - Hand shops: Foremen................... 1.930 2.040 PROVIDENCE, R. I. 2 / .729 2 / .792 Overmen, mixers .......... . 1.820 1.930 Bench hands ................ 1.690 1.800 Bread and cake - Hand shops: 2/1.770 2A.833 Head checkers ............ . 1.490 1.600 Working foremen, mixers, 2/1.708 |/1.771 Assistant checkers....... . 1.320 1.430 ovenmen .................................. $1,365 i/l.625 2/1.688 Packers, hand wrappers ..... 1.290 1.400 General helpers ..................... 1.165 2/ .916 2/ .979 Helpers: Bread and cake - Machine shops: First y e a r ............. . 1.130 1.240 Agreement A: 2/ .749 2/ .812 Second year ...... ..... . 1.180 1.290 Mixers, head ovenmen ••••. 1.450 Third year ............. 1.340 1.450 Divider operators, head benchmen, roll-ovenmen .. 1.350 1.525 1.675 Bread and cake - Machine shops Agreement A: 1.590 1.440 Molder operators ............... 1.300 Foremen..... .......... . 8/2.000 8/2.130 Utilitymen ........................... 1.275 1.405 1.545 Overmen, mixers .......... 8/1.910 8/2.020 Ingredient scalers, 1.355 1.499 Bench hands, cake ....... f/1.810 1/1.920 1.325 1.455 mixers' helpers ................ 1.250 Machinemen, depositor Benchmen, head wrappers .. 1.230 1.285 1.415 operators .......... . 8/1.810 8/1.920 Roll-oven helpers . . . . . . . . 1.220 Wrapping-machine Flour dumpers ..................... 1.205 operators .............. 8/1.630 8/1.740 Ovenmen's helpers, mold1.255 1.380 Ingredient scalers, cake; 1.205 1.325 ers' helpers, checkers .. 1.200 flour blenders ......... i/1.540 8/1.650 Wrappers ............................... 1.155 1.105 1.215 Scaling-machine operators, Packers ................................. 1.150 dumpers ................ $/l.460 8/1.570 Agreement B: 1.105 1.215 Helpers: Mixers - 2d class .............. 1.450 1.085 1.195 First year ............ 8/1.220 8/1.330 Dividers ............................... 1.350 1.015 1.150 After 1 y e a r ........ . 8/1.460 1/1.570 Holders ................................. 1.300 Machine operators' Ingredient scalers, 1.015 1.115 helpers .............. 8 / 1.400 8/1.510 mixers' helpers ................ 1.250 Women icers, hand; cake Flour dumpers ..................... 1.205 wrapping machine opera 1.510 1.660 Molders' helpers, oventor's .................. 8/ .944 8/1.120 1.430 1.605 men's helpers checkers .. 1.200 1.410 1.550 Agreement B: Wrappers ............................... 1.155 Cake and pie workers: 1.390 1.550 Pan greasers ....................... 1.110 1.380 1.495 Foreladies-in-charge of Packers ............................ 1.150 4 or more girls ...... 1.340 1.495 1.235 1.285 Agreement C: Cake decorators ....... 1.290 1.495 1.175 1.225 Working foremen .................. 1.770 Women icers ........... 1.270 1.495 1.045 1.120 Mixer scalers ..................... 1.420 Women with 1 year of 1.240 1.495 Mixers ................................... 1.370 experience ........... 1.210 1.440 1.045 1.120 Ovenmen ................................. 1.320 1.290 1.330 Divider operators, first 1.060 1.165 Baking department: benchmen ............................. 1.245 Mixers .................. (2/) 1.540 Molders ................................. 1.195 1.090 1.200 Mixers’ helpers • 1.430 Wrapping-machine opera Q/> 1.650 Baker ................... tors, checkers, pan m Machinemen .......... 1.540 greasers........................... . 1.115 (2/ 1.060 1.200 Rollerman ............ 1.485 Oven helpers, general o/> Utility man . . . . . 1.430 helpers, benchmen, ship WX 1.060 1.165 Floor man ............ 1.320 ping-room helpers ............ 1.095 (2/) PORTLAND, MAINE Bread and cake- Machine shops Agreement A: Dough mixers, overmen ... Dividennen, roll-machine operators, ingredientmen, benchmen ......... Dough mixers’ helpers, oven loaders and dumpers moldermen, wrappingmachine operators, shipping and receiving clerks ................ Pan greasers, bread rackers ............... Flour dumpers.......... Twisters (women) Agreement Bs Dough mixers ........... Dough mixers' helpers .,. Dividermen, wrappingmachine operators..... . Moldermen, ingredientmen Twisters (women) ....... . 2 / 48-hour workweek. 3/ Information not available for rate and hours on July 1, 1950, 8/ 36-hour workweek. Rate per hour July 1, July 1, 1950 1951 $1,430 1.430 1.155 1.045 .990 1.485 1.320 1.430 1.320 1.155 1.045 .990 1.485 1.320 1.045 .925 .945 1.410 1.210 1.540 1.440 1.390 1.360 1.340 1.320 1.310 1.290 1.290 1.240 1.240 1.540 1.440 1.390 1.340 1.290 1.290 1.200 1.250 1.240 1.855 1.505 1.455 1.405 1.330 1.280 1.200 1.180 32 TABLE 15.— Union scales of wages and hours in the baking Industry, in selected cities, July 1, 1950 and July 1, 1951 - Continued Rate per hour || City and occupation PROVIDENCE, R. I. - Continued July 1, July 1, 1950 1951 Rate per hour City and occupation READING, PA. - Continued July 1, July.1, 1950 1951 Rate per hour City and occupation RICHMOND, VA. - Continued Bread and cake- Machine Bread and cake-Machine Bread and cake-Machine shops; - Continued shops; - Continued shops: - Continued Agreement A; - Continued Agreement Dt Agreement A; - Continued Bench or machine helpers, Mixers (cake) •••••••••••• *L.460 ♦1.540 Cake: - Continued cake dumpers, pan rackOvenmen ........................... Pan washers, grease1.375 1.465 ers, wrapped loaf stackScalers, fried cake mixmachine operators . . . . . ers, sweet-bun leers, ers, icing mixers, fryIcing-machine operators, semiautomatic wrappers, ers, icing- and cuttingcake cutter-machine helpers, (oven and mechine operators ••••••• 1.265 1.345 operators, and cake counters other) .*•«•••..«•••••••• ♦1.165 ♦1.255 Women employees: cake helpers (after 2 leers and wrappers, female . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Icing mixers, cake deco1.155 1.245 rators, pan greasers Stock clerks, cake and Helpers (male): and washers, cake fried cake helpers 1st 6 months ..••»•••• wrapping-machine (first 2 months) ............ 1.075 1.160 After 6 months . . . . . . . operators Pan greasers, pan wishers, Helpers (female): 1.165 1.255 Checkers, packers, 1st 6 months . . . . . . . . . 1.0*5 1.130 wrappers and cutters, Women helpers; After 6 months . . . . . . . .925 1,015 .985 1.075 Agreement B: Cake and sweet wrappers After 2 months ............. Working foremen, shipping .945 1.035 .995 1.075 Agreement B: Agreement E; foremen ................ Foremen....................... . 1.390 Head mixers and Dough mixer3, cake 1.465 mixers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Ingredient scalers, oven 1.550 1.640 1*375 1.460 1.365 1.440 Oven operators, icing and Dividers''......................... 1.350 1.440 filling mixers, and 1.365 1.435 Head wrapping-machine Ovenmen, benchmen, moldreceiver clerks........ . ers, divider operators, Divider operators, rolloperators •••••••••........ 1.325 1.410 Holders ............................ 1.300 1.390 bread panners, flour machine operators, First benchmen ••••••••••• 1.275 1.360 dumpers, wrapring-machine doughnut operators, Mixers * helpers operators, checkers 1.250 1.340 wrapping-machine opera 1.315 1.390 Ovenmen, roll-evenmen, Bench or machine helpers • 1.235 1.310 tors (bread), benchmen, ovenmen*s helpers, Bread and cake helpers, relief&en, molder opera benchmen ........................ 1.225 1.310 pan greasers, bread rack tors, fo^eladies, and ingredient scalers . . . . . . Benchmen*a helpers, check ets , oven helpers »••••«. 1.165 1.240 ers, adders’ helpers . . . 1.200 1.290 Women employees: Packers, checkers, Cake decorators . . . . . . . . 1.315 1.390 temporary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Wrapping-machine operators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.155 1.240 Hand leers . . . . . . . . . . . . . .925 1.000 Selectors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Depositor operators Packers..................... . 1.150 1.240 Hand wrappers, helpers • .905 .980 (female), eak-' wrapPan greasers • •••• ............ 1.105 1.190 RICHMOND, VA. Fie and pastry shops; ping-machine operators (female) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Cooks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.230 1.^30 Mixers1 heloers, oven Dough mixers ................ . 1.330 Bread and cake- Machine shops 1 Q/) Bakers ........ ....................... 1.180 1.280 Agreement A: feeders and dumpers, Filling mixers, dough Breed: stockmen breakers, helpers . . . . . ___ 1.130 1.230 Dough mixers 1.410 1.410 Holders * helpers, greaseWomen employees; Oven operators, fruit machine operators, cookers, and filling .850 Beginners •••••••••.......... .750 pan washing-machine .870 .770 mixers 1.330 1.360 After 3 months ••••••••••• operators, icing and .830 .930 Divider operators, After 9 months ............. . enrobing-machine opera After 12 monthe molder operators 1.330 1.330 •900 1.000 tors, blenders, rack Wrapping-machine opera After 18 months ............. . washers and greasers, .950 1.050 wrappers* helpers Hebrew baking; tors, roll-machine operators . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.280 1.310 Working foremen i/1.889 1/1.956 General bakery helpers ••« Mixers* helpers Second hands................... . 1/1.778 1/1.844 Female workers: (advanced), pan roll Hand leers, make-up pan cutter operators •••••• 1.280 1.280 ners, doughnut tray READING, PA. Oven feeders and dumpers 1.260 1.260 packers, cake-slicer Bread box makers ••••••• 1.230 1.230 Bread and cake- Machine shops; operators, depositors* Agreement A; Dough room helpers, helpers, and doughnut leers ................. 1.460 wrapping-machine feed Mixers ............................ 1.385 General bakery ers, benchmen (female), Oven feeders - bread, ovenmen - cake and sweet, and flour blenders •••• 1.180 1.180 helpers . . . . . ............... all-round bakers ............ 1.365 1.440 Helpers: Crackers a nd cookies: 1st 6 months . . . . . . . . . Dough mixers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .980 Dividers, solders, bench .930 After 6 months . . . . . . . 1.080 1.080 Checkers ................... hands, batter scalers, Cake: Machinemen, enrobers, oven deliverymen, bread ovenmen ............. . wraptdng-aachine opera Cake mixers, icing tors, machinemen, ro llmixers •••............... . 1.330 1.330 Wrappers and automatic Doughnut-machine canton formers........... . machine operators operators . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.280 1.310 Dough rollers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . bread, reliefmen, deposi tor operators . . . . . . . . . . . 1.315 1.390 Stockmen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Cake oven operators «••• 1.280 1.280 Ingredient scalers, mix Depositor operators, Finished goods stockmen, ers1 helpers, bread cake vrapoing-aachine icingHnachine men and checkers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . mixers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.290 1.380 operators, ingredient Oake checkers, bread scalers, and fore Receiving clerks, mixers, and bakers* helpers .......... rackers, blenders .......... ladles ........ •••••••••• 1.180 1.180 1.215 1.305 1/ 4.5-hour workweek* j/ Information not available for rate and hours on July 1, 1950* July 1, July 1, 1950 1951 ♦1.130 ♦1.130 1.080 1.080 1.030 1.030 .980 1.080 .980 1.080 .930 1.030 .930 1.030 1.550 1.650 1.370 1.470 1.350 1.450 1.290 1.390 1.260 1.170 1.360 1.270 1.140 1.240 1.230 1.330 1.130 1.090 1.230 1.190 1.050 1.150 1.000 1.100 1.205 1.180 1.275 1.250 1.155 1.225 1.130 1.105 1.080 1.200 1.175 1.150 1.055 1.125 1.030 1.100 33 TABLE 15,— Onion scales of wages and hours in the baking Industry, in selected cities, July 1, 1950 and July 1, 1951 - Continued City and occupation July 1, July 1, 1950 1951 WV’.IJRS-Ttt'Kf !tf. V. Bread and cake - Hand shops: First hands, working foremen, decorators . . . . . . . era, feeders, dumpers ••••• Third hands, fryers, bench hands ...................... Agreement A: Flr*t hands, working foremen, decorators Second hands, mixers, ovenmen, feeders, 1.680 1.730 1.580 1.630 1.510 1.530 i 1.025 1.000 +j> .955 •910 m Women employees, Crackers and cookies: Continued *0.980 *1.045 Flour blenders, mixers* helpers, batch scalers, machine operators, feeders, dumpers, pan cleanera, carton packers and Wrapping-machine operators Pan greasers, bench helpers, pan rackers, checkers and packers ............. Wrapping and slicing Cooky dumpers, rack pullers ...............••••••• Women employees: Wrappers and helpers .. . 1.810 *1.420 *1.460 1.370 1.410 1.345 1.385 1.320 1.360 1.295 1.335 1.270 1.310 1.190 1.120 1.230 1.160 1.86C ROCK ISLAND (ILL. ) DISTRICT % / Bread - Hand shops: 2/1.458 2/1.488 1.700 1.750 First bakers ....................... gA.354 2/1*334 Third hands, molderaen, bench hands ••••••••••*•# 1.650 1.700 Second bakers, henchmen •••• aA .292 2/1*322 Wrappers, machine •••»••*. 1.530 1.630 Helpers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2/1.021 2/1.051 jBread and cake- Machine shops: Women employees: 1.330 1.380 | Working foremen . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.620 1.650 Foreladies, decorators 1.520 1.550 leers, general helpers 1.130 1.220 Dough mixers, ovenmen . . . . . . Bench or machinemen, Agreement B: Mixers........ .................... 1.570 1.610 wrapping-machine pitriderman operators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.470 1.500 1.520 1.560 Checkers, shipping clerks, Chrenraen, oven dumpers and feeders pen rackers ........ .......... 1.270 1.300 1.520 1.560 1.520 1.560 Hour dumpers, stockmen, Oven leaders and dumpers packers, wrapping-machine Molderaen, roll-machine helpers, rackers, open operators, henchmen, kettle fryers, pan ingredientmen, machinegreasers, icing-machine men, assemblymen, operators, helpers, women 1.470 1.510 batchaen.......•••••......... cake wrapping-machine Flour blenders and dump1.120 1.150 1.420 1.460 operators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . em, mixers* helpers . . . . Women hand wrappers and Wrapping-machine operatftM. rliArk-ons ltMtffft. 1.370 1.410 icers .•••••••»................ 1.020 1.050 Pan greasers, bread or ST. LOUIS, MO. pan rackers .................. . 1.320 1.360 Wrapping and slicing helpers .......................... 1.295 1.335 Bread and cake - Hand shops: 1 Leadmen or first hands 2/1.296 2/1.425 Hebrew baking: j Second hands, henchmen . . . . . 2/LU93 |/1.312 Ovenmen, mixers, first cake hakera 1/2.073 1/2.160|■Bread and cake j Semi machine shope: Bench hands, second cake 2/1*933 2A.971 Leadmen, mixers, ovenmen . . . 1.603 1.603 bakers Bench or machine hands ttt.. 1.492 1.492 Crackers and cookies: Miscellaneous helpers, Agreement A: Shop foremen, dough mixers 1.470 1.510 men ».•••»••••«••.»••«••••• 1.070 1.070 Sunday help and miscella Batch scalers, machine neous helpersT women . . . . . . 1.000 1.000 operators, oven feeders, depositor operatom *•«.. 1.420 1.460 bread - Machine shops: Leadmen ........................... . Cooky dumpers, pan clean 1.853 1.853 Oven hands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.743 1.743 ers, carton packers 1.270 1.310 Assistant spongers ...•••••. 1.688 1.688 tiiiiM ttttfttm First bench hands, Women employees: Aft______ __ 1.270 1.310 scalers .«».••••••••••••••• 1.660 1.660 1.120 1.160 Bench and machine hands •••• 1.633 1.633 Wrappers and packers ... ivr>AAi)iAnt. St Bread counters «• •••••••••v. •• 1.468 1.468 Agivaunllv Mixers , , , , , , , , 1.570 1.610 Helpers, pan greasers •••••• 1.440 1.440 |>jvi <1AratATt fttff t. ttTt1. tt 1.520 1.560 Ingredient scalers ............. 1.323 1.323 Wrapping- and slicingMolderaen, ovenmen, machine operators . .7.(l| ..... 1.248 1.248 0wllvU.lttC iWAvl & f Beltmen: assemblymen, batchmen, First 6 months ••••••••••• 1.173 1.173 dumpers, foremen, Experienced........ 1.248 1.248 1.470 1.510 dough mixers .................. ,t,,TtTTTtr 2/ 4.5-hour workweek. 2/ 48-hour workweek. 2/ Includes Rock Island and Moline, 111., and Davenport, Iowa. City and occupation July 1, Jhly 1, 1950 1951 ST. LOUIS, MO. - Continued 11 I Icing helpers, shippers, stock®en*3 helpers, and packing department July 1, July 1, 1950 1951 ROCHESTER, H.-Y. - Continued RICHMOND, VA. - Continued Crackers and cookies: Continued Rate per hour Rate per hour Rata par hour City and occupation Cake - Machine shops: Leadmen............................... *1.853 *1.853 Ovenmen, mixers «»••»••••••• 1*743 1.743 Machine hands ..................... 1.633 1.468 Cake counters ..................... 1.468 1.468 Helpers .............................. 1.440 1.440 Icing mixers, ingredient scalers ••••••••.......... . 1.409 1.409 Car crews: Inexperienced ••••«••••••• 1.260 1.260 Experienced . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.335 1.335 Miscellaneous helpers: Inexperienced (first 6 months) . . . . . . . 1.135 1.135 Experienced (after 6 months) . . . . . . . 1.210 1*210 Leadladies ................... 1.160 1.160 Women helpers: Inexperienced (first monthft) . . . . . . . 1.035 1.035 Experienced (after 6 months) . . . . . . . 1.110 1.U0 Hebrew - Hand shops: Leadmen, bakers, ovenmen .. . 2/1.626 2/1.719 Second hands ...................... 2A.417 2/1.490 Miscellaneous helpers . . . . . . 2/ .813 y £ 2 $ Crackers and cookies: Agreement A: I .575 1.675 leadmen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Oven operators ................ 1.575 1.675 Cracker-dough mixers, sweet-dough mixers, graham-dough mixers, dough-machine set-up and operators, sponge mixers, enrobing-machine set-up and operators . . . . . . . . . . . 1.550 1.650 Marshmallow-machine set-up and operators, icingmachine set-up and operators ...................... 1.525 1.625 Head stock keepers ••••..» 1.400 1.500 Dough-break roll feeders 1.375 1.475 Wrapping-machine sat—up mm tttttttttfttt 1.260 1.360 Agreement B: Sponge mixing department: Head mixers ................ . 1.360 1.430 Sponge and dough mixers 1.250 1.320 Mixers* helpers 1.150 1.220 Sweet mixing department: Head mixers •••••*•••««• 1.360 1.430 Mixers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.250 1.320 Mixers * helpers . . . . . . . . 1.150 1.220 Baking department: 1.350 1.420 Machinemen Peelers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.310 1.380 Ovenmen................... 1.250 1.320 Oven take-out men . . . . . . 1.210 1.280 Sheeters and laminators, rellefVsen (sweet) . . .... 1.180 1.250 Stackers, men . . . . . . . . . . 1.160 1.230 Cost and raw material checkers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.150 1.220 General help, semi skilled..................... . 1.080 1.150 Sponge and inroot—pw ng department: • Sunnlvmen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.120 1.195 General help, semi skilled men ........ . 1.080 1.150 Working supervisors, women . . . . . . __. . . . . . . . 1.005 1.055 Checkers, women............ .965 1.015 General help, sod skilled, women •••••••• •805 *855 34 TABLE 15.— Ifoion scales of wages and hours in the baking industry, in selected cities, July 1, 1950 and July 1, 1951 - Continued City and occupation ST. LOUIS, MO. - Continued Crackers and cookies: Continued Agreement B: - Continued Marshmallow and icing General help, semiWomen employees: Machine operators •••• General help, semiskilled women, trolley Carton and caddy forming and wrapping department: Machinemen (set-up and Machine operators, men . Receiving department: Working supervisors •••• loaders and unloaders • Working supervisors, Checkers, men . . . . . . . . . . Assemblers and load— ers, men ••••••••••.••• Agreement C: RfllHng and wHvirig departments: Head mixers . . . . . . . . . . . . Bakers ••••••••••••••••• Sponge . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Rollermen •••••••••••«•• Assemblymen . . . . . . . . . . . . Mixers' helpers, stack ers, general help ••••• Packing department: Floormen •••••••••«•••«. Women employees: Working supervisors •• Packers, sponge ••«••• Tally clerks . . . . . . . . . Machine operators •••• Other helpers «•....«« ST. PAUL, MINN. Bread and cake - Hand shops: Foremen, supervising 6 or more workers •••••••••••••• Foremen, supervising 5 or less workers, first hands • Overmen, mixers . . . . . . . . . . . . Bench hands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Wrapping-machine operators ••••••••••••••••• Helpers: First 6 months •••.......... . After 6 months •«••••••••• Bread and cake Semimachine shops: Foremen, supervising 6 or more workers ••.••••••••••• Foremen, supervising 5 or less workers *•««««..•««••• Overmen, dough mixers «••««. Bench hands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Wrapping-machine operators «•••«•••••••••••• j/ J 45-hour workweek. Rate per hour July l, July 1, I 1950 1951 1 City and occupation City and occupation Rate per hour July 1, July 1, 1950 1951 ST. PAUL, MINN. - Continued Crackers and cookies: Continued Women workers: £ * * FLoorladies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.950 .1 .110 10/1 .055 $ 10/0.970 m $ mm/ Assistant floorladies •••• .910 1.060 1.250 1.320 12/1.090 12/1.125 Cracker packers .................. .930 1.050 Women hand workers: Wrappers, packers, 1.220 1.290 12/ .920 12/1.008 cracker-machine opera After 6 months 12/1.040 12/1.125 tors, checkers •...•••••• .910 1.030 1.080 1.150 Helpers: Foremen 1.740 1.800 Start ................................. .770 .800 .990 1.040 Sponge and dough mixers, After 3 months . . . . . . . . . .820 .880 1.570 1.630 .885 .935 After 6 months ••••••••• ,370 .950 Bench hands, dividers, After 1 year ••••••••••• .990 molders, bun chine (2/> .805 .855 operators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.460 1.520 SALT LAKE CITY, UTAH Oven feeders end dumpers, slicing- or wrappingmachine operators *••••.••. 1.460 1.520 Bread and cake - Hand shops: 1.310 1.370 Foremen g/1.410 2/1.470 ] ,rao 1 »3?n Ovenmen, dough mixers •••••• j^L.250 2/ 1.320 1.220 1.290 Twisters, panners, oven helpers, bench helpers •••• 1.250 1.310 Bench hands •••••••••••••••• g/ 1.230 2/1.300 Ingredient scalers ........ . 1/1.230 2/1.280 1.230 1.300 Helpers: 2/1,070 2/ 1.120 1.100 1.160 Checkers 1.150 1.250 1.250 1.310 Women hand icers . . . . . . . . . . . 2/L .040 2/1.090 Helpers: 1.100 1.170 Women workers: g / .850 2/ .920 First year 1.250 1.310 Second year ....................... 2/ .930 2 /x.ooo Finishers, packers, 1.210 1.300 Third year . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2/1.040 2/1.100 First 8 weeks . . . . . . . . . . •900 1.150 1.250 •960 Bread and cake - Machine shops: After 8 weeks . . . . . . . . . . 1.000 1.060 Foremen 1.660 1.725 Dough mixers and ovenmen . .. 1.520 1.585 1.100 1.170 Pies and doughnuts: Ingredient scalers ••••••••• 1.450 1.515 Doughnut-machine operators 1.570 1.630 Machine and henchmen . . . . . . . 1.400 I .465 Head wrappers............. Fruit and kettle 1.330 1.395 1*505 1.655 fryers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.460 1.520 Checkers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.280 1*345 Cake - Machine shops: Bread rackers, pan greasers, 1.455 1.600 1*405 I .545 Forem>*n . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.740 1.800 women foremen 1.170 1.235 Helpers: 1.305 1.435 Mixers, ovenmen, doughnutmachine operators . . . . . . . . . First year ••••«•••••••••« 1.570 1.630 1.060 1.125 1.275 1.405 Second year •••••••••••••• 1.170 1.235 Depositors, drop-machine 1.255 1.380 operators, fruit cooks •••• 1.460 1.520 Women wrapping-machine operators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.040 1.105 Kettle fTyers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.460 1.520 1.155 1.270 Ingredient scalers . . . . . . . . . 1.460 1.520 Women wrappers, packers, labelers, sweet-roll Icing-machine operators, panners, and icers . . . . . . . . .990 1.055 1.155 1.270 wrapping-machine operators, 1.055 1.160 semiautomatic . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.250 1.310 Crackers and cookies: Machine captains . . . . . . . . . . . 1.200 1.250 1.035 1.140 Helpers: First 8 weeks . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.100 1.160 Ovenmen «••••••••.•••••••••• 1.175 I .235 1.085 I.I 95 After 8 weeks . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.250 1.310 Rollermen, assistant icing 1.005 1.105 foremen ••••••••••••••••••• 1.125 1.175 Women workers: Foremen 1.250 1.310 Out-panners . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.100 1.150 In-panners . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.075 1.125 Finishers, wrappers, packers: Pan cleaners, feeders .••••• 1.000 1.050 First 8 weeks . . . . . . . . . . •900 •960 Cracker edgers . . . . . . . . . . . . . •950 1.000 After 8 weeks . . . . . . . . . . 1.000 1.060 Sponge packers ••••«.••••••• *925 . .975 1/1.540 1/1.619 Women machine operators . . . . •875 Crackers and cookies: .925 1/1*430 1A.508 Head sweet-dough mixers ••«• 1.360 1.520 Scalers and weighers ••••••• •860 .910 I /I .360 1/1.441 Foremen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I .330 1.540 Sweet packers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . •825 .875 1/1*315 1/1.396 Heed sponge mixers . . . . . . . . . 1.280 1.440 Cellophane-machine Rollermen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.260 1.300 operators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . •800 .850 1/ 1.166 1/ 1.196 Assistant sweet- and spongeFilling-machine dough mixers ..••••••••••« . 1.240 1.400 operators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . •800 .850 .916 1/ .996 Machinemen, marshmallow mix 1/1*037 1/1*107 ers, sweet-ovenmen, oven SAN ANTONIO, TEX. firemen, drawmen 1.200 1.360 Bread - Machine shops: Pan greasers, flour dumpers, dough scalers, sweet-oven Foremen •••••••••••••••••••• 1.400 1.460 Dough and sponge mixers, lQ/l.630 10/1.714 reliefmen, cracker stackers •••••••••••••••••• 1.160 1.300 ovenmen and shipping 10/ 1.510 ig /l .596 Helpers: clerks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.175 1 235 Start . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . IOA.440 12/1.525 •970 1.000 Dividers, wrapping10/1.390 12/1.478 After 3 months 1.040 1.100 machine operators, After 6 months 1.110 1.190 receiving clerks 12/1.182 12/1.267 After 1 year . . . . . . . . . . . ,, w 1.250 and molders . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.050 • 1.110 ST. PAUL, MINN. - Continued Bread and cake - Semimachine shops: - Continued Men helpers: 2/ 48-hour workweek. Information not available for rate and hours on July 1, 1950. 10/ 42&-hour workweek. Rate per hour July 1, July 1, 1950 1951 35 TABLE 15.— Union scales of wages and hours in the brJcing industry, in selected cities, July 1, 1950 and July 1, 1951 - Continued City and occupation Rate per hour July 1, July 1 1950 1951 City and occupation Rate per hour July 1, July 1, 1950 1951 City and occupation SCRANTON, PA. - Continued Bread and cake - Machine Bread and cake Machine Bread and cake - Hand shops: shops: - Continued shops: - Continued Dairy lunches, restaurants, Agreement B: Wholesale cake: - Continued cafeterias: $ * Bread department: Agreement B: 1.857 1.940 $ Foremen, overmen ••..••••• % Foremen...... . Mixers, scalers, relief3/2.047 2/2.205 1.732 1.866 Bench hands .......... men, sponge dough ........ Mixers, overmen ...... 2/1.986 2/2.145 Retail bread and cake: Tray-oven feeders and Bench hands, women aux Bread: dumpers .......................... iliary workers ...... 2/1.894 2/2.055 n /2 .0 0 3 11/2.003 Foremen........ .. J/1.601 2/1.765 Helpers ••••....... Mixers' assistants ........ Dough mixers, overmen •• U /l.927 U/1.927 Bread rackers .................. Pan cleaners.... . 11 / 1.840 2/1.535 2/1.419 Benchmen... ........ U /1.840 Packers, wrappers, Dividers, molder Bench and machine cutters (women) ..... 12A.237 12/1.275 operators helpers ........... 11/1.563 U/1.563 Pie and pastry shops: Wrapping-machine Cake: 2.150 2.245 operators ....................... Foremen ............ 13/2.003 11/2.003 Foremen ............... 2.080 2.175 Flour blenders ................ Mixers, overmen..... U/1.927 U /l.927 Overmen, mixers........ 1.960 2.055 Pan greasers ................... Bench hands ........ 13/1.840 U/l.840 Journeymen pie-makers .... Helpers, after first year •• 1.630 1.725 Cake department: Helpers: Working foremen............. First year... . 11/1.411 U / L . 4 H Pan cleaners.......... . 1.540 1.630 4.470 1.535 Mixers and scalers, After first year ... 13/1.563 llA.563 Wrappers, packers ....... icing mixers.................. Fan cleaners ........ 11/1.411 n/1.411 French and Italian baking: Foremen, overmen, Overmen ............................. Retail cake only: Depositors ....................... 1.940 1.940 mixers ............... 1.860 2.010 Foremen............ Wrapping-machine Mixers, overmen.... . 1.867 1.867 Molders, dividers, bench 1.740 1.890 operators ....................... Bench hands ........ 1.783 1.783 hands ............... Bench and machine helpers, Oven helpers .................... Helpers: 1.490 1.640 after 6 months ......... Depositors* helpers, 1.420 1.420 First year....... . ingredientmen ........... Second year... . 1.514 1.514 SCRANTON, PA. Packers, dumpers, pan Hand icers, women •••••• 1.514 1.514 greasers..................... .. Packers, wrappers, Box sorters ..................... cutters ........ . 1.373 1.373 Bread and cake - Hand shops: Women employees: 1.367 1.367 Agreement A: Fan cleaners ........ Overmen, dough mixers, Wrapping-machine Bread and cake- Machine shops: operators ................... second hands....... . 4/1.460 4/1.500 Bread department: Bench hands ........... 4A.283 4A.433 Wrappers, packers, Foremen ............. 2/2.045 3/2.205 Helpers......... . box makers, icers and Dough mixers, overmen •••• 7/1.985 2/2.145 V .993 4/1.033 Agreement B: general helpers after Dividermen, molders, rollMixers, overmen, first 3 months ...................... machine operators, ingre2 / 1.240 3/1.305 hands.... Icers and general dientmen, benchmen, bread Bench hands, oven helpers 2A.115 3/1.180 helpers, first 3 rackers, pan greasing Wrappers, utilitymen ..... 2 / .948 1A.008 months ......................... machine operators, women Helpers........ . y .750 3/ .810 Variety department: bench helpers ........ 7/1.895 2/2.055 Sponge and dough mixers, Flour dumpers........ 7/1.805 2/2.055 Bread and cake- Machine shops: Agreement A: scalers ........................... Bench-machine helpers: Bread and rolls Traveling-oven feeders First year ......... 2/1.525 7/1.685 department: and dumpers.............. Second year......... 2/1.605 2/1.765 Proof-box men .......... Wrapping-machine Fan greasers....... . 2/1.425 3/1.585 1.473 1.548 Dividers ........... operators ....................... Cake department: 1.463 1.538 Bun-madline operators •• Mixers ............ 1.403 1.478 Foremen ........ 2/2.045 2/2.205 Molders, third mixers .. Biscuit dough rollers, Mixers, icing mixers, 1.403 1.473 1.358 1.428 Molding-machine helpers 7/1.986 2/2.055 assistant bench hands, overmen... ...... . Pan setters....... . machine packers, Ingredient scalers, 1.343 1.418 machine operators ........ Overmen........... scaling-machine 1.333 1.408 Bun packers, variety Packers ............ operators, cake 1.295 1.370 Flour blenders, rackers, pan greasers dumpers, bench hands, molders' helpers, and rackers ................... grease-machine 1.288 1.358 Agreement C: mixers' helpers ••••••• operators, women Hand wrappers... ••••• 1.258 1.333 Reliefmen ............................. auxiliary workers ...•••• 2/1.895 2/2.055 Wrappers, pan greasers 1.238 1.308 Helpers: Doughnut-machine opera Bench hands ......... First year ........ tors, oven operators, 1.225 1.300 2/1.525 3/1.685 mixers.............................. . Second year ........ 3/1.605 3/1.765 General helpers ..... 1.193 1.268 Cake department: Fan cleaners .......... 2/1.425 3/1*585 Wrapping-machine opera 1.420 1.495 General utilitymen ••••• tors, scalers, divider Women workers: Flour blenders, molders operators, molder Cake wrapping-machine operators.......................... and helpers ........ 1.388 1.338 operators ......... 32/1.175 32/1.275 Overmen, mixers..... Wholesale cake: 1.295 1.370 Industrial pan washers . .. Tray overmen ..................... .. Agreement A: Depositor operators, pan greasers...... . 1.240 1.315 Pan rackers ......................... Foremen ........... . 2/2.069 2/2.205 Helpers ............ 1.178 1.178 Cake depositors . . . . . . . . . . Mixers, overmen ...... 2A.995 2/2.145 Flour blenders, doughnutWomen employees: Bench hands ........ 2/1.883 2/2.055 1.040 1.315 Machine operators .... machine helpers Pan greasers •••...... 2/1.344 2A.585 Icers ........... Packers, wrappers, .990 .990 Depositor helpers, Other jobs ........ 1.000 cutters (women) ...•••• 12A.195 12/1.275 1.000 benchmen..................... . SAN FRANCISCO, CALIF. 1/ 2/ 4/ 7/ 11 / 12/ 45-hour workweek. 48 -hour workweek. 44-hour workweek. 37 1/2 hour workweek. 38 3/4 hour workweek. 38-hour workweek. Rate per hour July 1, July 1, 1950 1951 SAN FRANCISCO CALIF.-Continued % 1.475 1.425 1.350 1.325 ♦ 1.550 1.500 1.425 1.425 1.300 1.400 1.275 1.275 1.150 1.550 1.475 1.425 1.350 1.275 1.375 1.350 1.250 1.125 1.625 1.550 1.500 1.450 1.375 1.350 l.**25 1.300 1.225 1.000 1.075 1.000 1.075 .950 1.025 1.475 1.425 1.275 1.550 1.250 1.225 1.200 1.500 1.200 1.375 1.300 1.175 1.275 1.125 1.505 1.225 1.430 1.555 1.380 1.505 1.455 1.455 1.430 1.430 1.430 1.430 1.330 1.330 1.305 1.305 1.305 1.305 1.630 36 TABLE 15.— Union scales of wages and hours in the baking industry, in selected cities, July 1, 1950 and July 1, 1951 - Continued City and occupation SCRANTON, FA. - Continued Bread and cake - Machine shops: - Continued Agreement C: - Continued Mixers' helpers, oven dumpers and feeders, oven break rackers, cake dumpers •••••••••••• xfread packers, pan greasers •••••.•••••••••• General baking helpers ••• Women employees: Working foremen .»•••••• Depositor helpers, doughr.iit-maehine helpers ••••••••••»•••• Fan greasers Bench helpers Cake cutters, machine wiuppers •»••«••••••••• selectors, floor girls, icers •••••••......... Bread only - Machine shops: Peel-oven men, molders, divider operators mixers .• Utilitymen Mixers’ helpers........... Flour blenders ••••••••••••• Machine wrappers ••••••••••• Holders’ helpers, travelingoven feeders and dumpers .• Pan greasers ••••••••••••••• Bread rackers and pick ups: First 3 months ••••••••••• After 3 months .................... Pie and pastry shops: Fruit cookers ••*••••••••••• Ovenmen ••••••.••••••••••••• Fruit cookers’ helpers Helpers ....................... . General helpers •••••••••••• SEATTLE, WASH. Bread - Hand and machine shops: Foremen •••••••••••••••••••• Mixers, ovenmen, machinemen Bench hands •••••••••••••••• Control-room men ••••••••••• Helpers: 1 year's experience •••••• 2 years' experience •••••• Bread and cake - Machine shops: Men-in-charge of miscella neous help •••••••••••••••• Miscellaneous help: 1 to 6 months •••••••••••• 7 to 12 months ••«•••••••• After 1 year ••••••••••••• Women employees: Floor la d ie s.......... . . . . . . . Assistant floor ladies ••• Machine operators, experienced ••••••••••••• General workers: 1 to 6 months •••••••••••• 7 to 12 months . . . . . . . . . . . After 1 year Crackers and cookies: Agreement A: First mixers, machinemen •••••••••••••• Second mixers, peelers First ovenmen ••••••........ . Rate per hour July 1, July 1, 1950 1951 City and occupation SEATTLE, WASH. - Continued Crackers and cookies: Continued Agreement A: - Continued Second overmen ••••••••••• $1.460 Rollermen ................. 1.430 Scalers, wrappers •••••••• 1.410 Pan cleaners, feeders, $1,280 $1,405 other helpers: First 30 days •••••••••• 1.050 1*235 Second 3d days ••••••••• 1.150 1.230 Thereafter ••••••••••••• 1.280 Women workers: 1.285 1.365 Experienced sponge packers ••••••••••••••• 1.030 Hand handlers •••••••••• 1.030 1.100 Hain swe*=t packers . . . . .980 1.050 A.^reemcnt B: 1.050 Machinemen ••.•••••••••••• 1.660 Mixers.................••••••••• 1.660 1.100 Peelers •••••••••••••••••• 1.530 Ovenmen •••••••••••••••••• 1.510 1.050 1.130 Rollermen ..........•••••••• 1.430 Feeders and other helpers: First 30 day3 1.050 ,560 1.480 Second 30 days •••••••.. 1.150 1.470 ,550 After 60 days................ 1.280 ,430 1.380 leers' helpers ••••••••••• 1.360 ,430 1.360 Women: ,430 1.330 Experienced sponge packers ••••••••••••••• 1.030 ,430 1.320 Plain sweet packers •••• .980 ,420 1.320 Hand bundlers •••••••••• 1.030 ,295 Agreement C: 1.195 Machinemen •«•••••.••••••• 1.650 ,420 1.320 Mixers .............................. 1.530 Ovenmen ••••••••••••••••.. 1.400 1.550 ,625 1.2c ,387 Mixing helpers .................. 1.370 Scalers and wrappers ••••• 1.330 ,200 1.100 Scalers, weighing •••••••• 1.330 ,175 1.075 Icing helpers ................. 1.300 ,050 .950 Other male helpers: First month .••••••••••• 1.130 Second month ••••••••••• 1.160 Thereafter ••••••••••••• 1.280 3/2.106 12/ 2 , SOUTH BEND, 3NT). jy 1.981 12/2. jjyl.904 12/ 1 8/1.605 U/i< Bread and cake - Hand shops: Working foremen •••••••••••• 2/1.630 First class bench 8/1.599 12/1. jy 1.721 12/1 hands ••••••••••••••••••••• 2/1.470 Checkers ................................ 2/1.230 Bench helpers •••••.............. 2/1.000 1.250 1.310 Bread and cake - Machine shops: Agreement A: Dividermen, henchmen ••••• 2/1.400 1.050 Ovenmen •••••••••••••••••• 2/1.300 1.100 Wrappers ••••••••••••••••• 2/1.080 1.190 Agreement B: Mixers, ovenmen •••••••••• 1.520 1.170 Dividers, head bench1.120 men, molder opera tors, receiving 1.110 1.170 clerks •••••••••••••••••• 1.470 Henchmen ••••••••••••••••• 1.420 .910 .850 Traveling-oven dumpers, .900 .960 stockroom men, mixers’ .990 1.050 helpers ••••••••••••••••• 1.370 Checkers........ . 1.320 Bake-shop helpers, conveyormen, packers, 1.660 machine setters ••••••••• 1.300 1.530 Slicers, wrappers •••••••• 1.220 1.510 , < Information not available for rate and hours on July 1, 1950. 42-hour workweek. 36-hour workweek. 12/ 38-hour workweek. 13/ 35-hour workweek. 2/ 2/ 8/ Rate per hour July 1, July 1, 1950 1951 City and occupation Rate per hour July 1, July 1, 1950 1951 SOUTH BEND, IND. - Continued Bread and cake - Machine shops: - Continued Agreement C: $1,460 Dough mixers, dividers, 1.430 ovenmen ••••••••......... $1,550 $1,550 1.410 Sponge mixers •••••••........ 1.450 1.450 Molderraen ............................ 1.440 1.440 Wrappers 1.370 1.370 1.050 Oven feeders’ helpers •••• 1.300 1.400 1.150 Checkers ............•••••••••• 1.220 1.370 1.280 Siioers 1.150 1.370 Wrapping-machine operators 1.150 1.250 Molders’ helpers, bread 1.030 panners 1.190 1.L90 1.030 Hour dumpers •••••••••••• 1.150 1.150 .980 Bake-shop helpers, loaders 1.100 1.100 Boxers, cartons •••••••••• 1.050 1.050 1.660 Pie ami pastry shops: 1.660 Ovenmen, loaders, dough 1.530 mixers, cookers, ingredi1.510 entmen 1.170 l.i20 1.430 Fie table operators •••••••• 1.140 1.190 Oven helpers ................•••••• 1.090 1.140 1.050 Fruit mixers, pie filler s, 1.150 wrappers......... 1.070 1.120 1.280 Bough feeders ••••••••.......... 1.020 1.070 1.360 Receivers’ helpers ................ .960 1.010 Women supervisors............ .930 .980 Miscellaneous women 1.030 workers ••••••••••........... .890 .940 .980 1.030 SPOKANE, WASH. 1.650 Bread and cake - Hand and 1.530 machine shops: 1.400 Foremen, mixers, ovenmen, 1.370 cake ingredient scalers . . . 12/1.910 8/2,020 1.330 Machine hands, dividers, 1.330 molders, machine cake 1.30O depositors ••.••••••••••••• 12/1.850 2/1.950 Bench hands, hand cake 1.130 depositors ••••••••*••••••• 12/1.790 6^1.890 1.160 Hour dumpers, bread rack 1.280 ers, machine wrappers, bread and cake packers •••• 1.360 12/1.430 Pan greasers, cleaners and helpers ••••••••••••••• 1.220 12/1.290 Bread packers and 2/1.670 cutters, cake dumpers and wrappers •••••••••••••• 1.030 12/1.090 2/1.510 Crackers and cookies: 2/1.270 Agreement A: 2/1.040 Machinemen ....................... 1.430 1.485 Mixers 1.400 1.435 Ovenmen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.300 1.435 2/1.440 Other helpers ................. 1.150 1.215 2/1.340 Miscellaneous workers •••• 1.080 1.125 2/1.120 Women: First 30 days •••••••••• .750 .790 1.560 Second 30 days •••.••••• .775 .815 Third 30 days ................. .800 .840 Fourth 30 days ............. .825 .865 Fifth 30 days .................. .850 .890 1.510 Thereafter ............•••••• .900 .940 1.460 Working supervisors •••• 1.070 1.110 Asst, supervisors •••••• (2/) 1.050 Machine operators, 1.410 wrapping •••••••••••••• (a/) 1.000 1.360 Agreement B: Machinemen .•••••••••••••• 1.430 1.485 Mixers •.••••••••••••••••• 1.400 1.455 1.340 P eelers......................... . 1.350 1.405 1.260 Ovenmen •••••••••••••••••• 1.300 1.355 57 TABLE 15.— Onion scales of wages and hours in tpe baking industry, in selected cities, July 1, 1950 and July 1, 1951 - Continued City and occupation Rate per hour July 1, July 1, 1950 1951 SPOKANE, WASH. - Continued Crackers and cookies: Continued Agreement B: - Continued Overmen's helpers ........ Mixers' helpers ....... laminator operators .... Rollennen's helpers, dough feeders ....... . Stackers........ . Icing helpers ........ Ran cleaners and feeders Miscellaneous workers •••• Women: First 30 days....... $econd 30 days Third 30 days...... Fourth 30 days ......... Fifth 30 days....... Thereafter ........ ♦ 1.250 $1,300 1.220 1.270 1.220 1.270 1.170 1.215 1.150 1.195 1.150 1.195 1.350 1.195 1.080 1.125 .750 .790 .815 .775 .800 .840 .865 .825 .850 .890 .900 .940 SPRINGFIELD, MASS. Bread and cake - Hand shops: Foremen ............... 2/1.602 Second hands, dough mixers, bench hands ........... 2/1.502 Bread and cake - Machine shops: Agreement A: Working foremen, cake* •••• 1.490 1.430 Dough mixers ......... . 1.350 Overmen, cake ........ 1.310 Shipping-room ......... 1.290 Oven dumpers, Bench hands Dividers, molders, relief1.270 men, oven helpers ..... 1.180 Machine wrappers ...... 1.000 Cake icers (women) ..... .950 Helpers (women) ....... Agreement B: Foremen .............. 1.490 Dough mixers, overmen 1.430 (bread) ......... . 1.^90 Cake mixers...... 1.350 Overmen, cake ........ . 1.290 Bench hands ...... . Dividers, flour blenders, 1.270 molders, scalers... . Dough-room helpers ••..... 1.250 1.110 Floor ladies (cake) .... Hand cake icers (women) •• 1.000 Agreement C: 1.490 Foremen .... ....... . 1.430 Dough mixers ......... Bench hands, ordermen (retail shops), oven 1.290 dumpers ............ Dividers, scalers, floormen, flour blenders, molders, relieftoen •••••• 1.270 1.250 Dough-room helpers ..... Packers, slicers, icers, machine wrappers, helpers (®en)............ . 1.180 .950 Helpers (women)..... . Hebrew - Hand shops: Foremen 1.639 Second hands, dough-mixers 1.523 1.406 Bench hands ........... . 2/1.602 2/1.502 1.570 1.510 1.430 1.390 1.370 1.350 1.260 1.070 1.020 1.570 1.510 1.470 1.430 1.370 1.350 1.330 1.180 1.070 1.570 1.510 1.370 1.350 1.330 1.260 1.020 1.639 1.523 1.406 SYRACUSE, N. Y. Bread and cake- Machine shops: Agreement A: Ovenmen ............. Dough mixers .......... Dividers.......... . 2/ !£/ 48-hour workweek. 46-hour workweek, 1.595 1.570 1.470 1.595 1.570 1.470 City and occupation Rate per hour July 1, July 1, 1950 1951 City and occupation Rate per hour July 1, July 1, 1950 1951 SYRACUSE, N. Y. - Continued TOLEDO, OHIO - Continued Bread and cake - Machine Bread and cake - Machine shops: - Continued shops: - Continued Agreement A: - Continued A: - Continued (folders................................ $1,445 $1,445 Agreement Major shops - Bread Wrapping-machine operators 1.395 1.395 division: - Continued Ingredientmen ..................... 1.320 1.320 Mixers' helpers, divi Flour dumpers............. 1.395 1.395 ders, molders, wrapOven loaders and dumpers 1.370 1.370 ping-machine set-up Bread rt.ckers, packers, men, bread benchmen ... $1,440 $1,475 general helpers ................ 1.320 1.320 Flour blenders, ingreAgreement B: dientmen........................ 1.390 1.425 Bread department: Bake-shop helpers, help Foremen, ovenmen ............ 2/1.555 2/1.655 ers in packing, wrap Benchmen, hesd ................ 2/1.505 2/1.605 ping and shipping rooms 1.340 1.375 Flour blenders, Women wrappers and wrapping-machine helpers........................... 1.340 1.175 operators .................... 2/1.295 2/1.395 Cake division: Oven loaders and dumpers IA.275 2A.375 Ingredient scalers, 2/L.220 2A.320 Pan greasers ............. dough mixers, General helpers .............. 2/U220 I / 1.320 mlvarfi ntranmAnicing 1.550 1.550 Hand wrappers and other Dumpers, depositors' I4/ I . 060 l^ /l.360 Vwmlpmrc s>Viaj’*Vat*ci helpers (women) 1.^40 1 .^ 0 Cake department: Stockroom men.................. 1.330 1.330 Foremen ............................. 2/1.555 2/1.655 Loaders, miscellaneous Mixers .............................. 2A.470 2A.570 1.300 1.^00 Overmen ............................. 2/1.495 2/1.595 Women workers: Bench hands..................... 2/1.295 2A.395 Cake wrapring-machine Ingredient scalers, operators, wrappers, scaling-machine packers, helpers, operators ....................... 2/1.295 2A.395 1.140 1.140 Decorators (women) . . . . . U / l . 205 L4/1.305 Agreement B: Assistant decorators Bread only: (women) ........................... I4/I .I 7O 14/1.270 Dough mixers, ovenmen •• 1.570 1.605 Wrappers, packers, Shipping checkers (women) ..•••• I4 /I.O 6O 34/ 1 .160 iHnr*clerks, nl a*wires 1.470 1.505 Agreement C: Wrapping-machine opera Foremen ................................. 1.415 1*482 tors, oven loaders and Ovenmen, mixers .................. 1.315 1.382 dumpers, dividers, Benchmen ............................... 1.235 1.302 molders, roll-machine Helpers ................................. .945 1.012 operators,TTTbread Helpers (women) .................. .942 .875 pannATfi , T( , ( t 1.440 1 / 7* Pie and pastry shops: Pan greasers .................... 1.390 1.425 Foremen ..................................... 2/1.372 2/1. "*72 l.^so 1.385 Cooks ........................................ 2/1.151 2/1.151 Bread rackers, checkers l.^O 1.355 Bakers......................... ............ 2/1.213 2/1.213 1.150 1.115 Ovenmen ..................................... 2A.388 2/1.188 Agreement C: Machinemen, mixers ................ 2/1.365 2/1.165 Smaller shops: Foremen .............................. 1.620 1.645 TOLEDO, OHIO First mixers, cake mixers, head oven Bread and cake - Hand shops: operators ........................ 1.570 1.595 Bread: Cake and reel-oven men, Dough mixers....................... 1.590 1.615 aecnnd ........t - - i i 1.480 X#jyJj Ovenmen ................................. 1.590 1.615 Roll bench hands, cake Bench foremen ..................... 1.510 1.535 henchman T__r, 1 1.460 1.485 Benchmen ............................... 1.460 1.485 Dividers, molders, mix Utilitymen ........................... 1.440 1.445 ers' helpers, bread Hand wrappers ..................... 1.190 1.215 panners, second f i ll , Cake: prllers and shovers, Mixers................................. 1.570 1.595 wrapping-machine Women bench hands .............. 1.420 1.445 operators ____ _ T.., ,, , 1.420 1.445 Women shippers ................... 1.300 1.325 Ingredientmen, bench Women hand icers ............. 1.240 1.265 and machine helpers . .. 1.370 1.395 Women helpers ..................... 1.350 1.375 Rackers, helpers, Cleaners: wraptdng-machine help First 3 months ................ 1.390 1.215 ers, shipping room 4 to 6 months ................. 1.240 1.265 helpens . . . T- . . 1IfI1(l 1.320 1.345 After 6 months ................ l.n o 1.335 Agreement D: Bread and cake-Machine shops: Smaller shops: Agreement A: Bread bench foremen . . . . 1.510 1.545 Shipping and receiving Major shops - Bread division: clerks, stock clerks 1.470 1.505 First and second mixers, Yeast raised products oven operators, travelfrymen, bread bench hands, bread bench ing-ovenmen.................... 1.590 1.625 foremen ....................... ... 1.460 1.495 Head shipping clerk . . . . 1.490 1.525 TABLE 15 ._Union scales of wages and hours in the baking industry, in selected cities, July 1, 1950 and July 1, 1951 - Continued City and occupation TOLEDO, OHIO - Continued Bread and cake - Machine shops: - Continued Agreement D: - Continued Smaller shops: - Continued Wrapping-machine operators ....................... Cake bench helpers ........ Automatic machine frymen, cake and doughnut Women foremen, hand Pan greasers, cleaners, women, final decorators Conveyor bread women, women helpers ................ Working foremen, shipping Piemaker ovenmen, class A . . Bench hands, filler s, (class days......................................... Women helpers, WASHINGTON, D. C. Bread - Hand shops: Day work: Journeymen . T........ Helpers........ .. ...................... Miscellaneous workers . .. . Bread and cake - Machine shops: Day work: Journeymen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Helpers ................................. Miscellaneous workers .... Cake wrappers (women) .... WICHITA, KANS. Bread and cake- Machine shops: Foremen .................... Dough mixers, spongers, ovenmen, head pastry men .. Shipping and receiving c lerk s........ ........................... Dividers, panners, bench hands, machinemen ......... Second pastry men . . . . . . . . . . Bread tw isters.............. .. Checkers . . . __ . . . . . . . . . . . . . Pan greasers, bake-shop helpers, after 90 days . .. . Wrapping-machine operators: First 3 months ............................. After 3 months • • • • ........ .. Wrapping-mechiiy> helpers, after 90 days.................... WORCESTER, MASS. Bread and cake - Machine shops: Agreement A: Working foremen .......................... Dough mixers .......................... Dividermen, ovenmen, reliefmen ........................................ Mixers’ helpers, moldermen, oven feeders, ingredient scalers, machine operators (shipping), checkers ............................. General helpers, flour handlers, packers ............ Rate per hour July 1, July 1, 1950 1951 11.420 1.370 1.360 1.300 1.240 1.150 $1,455 1.405 1.395 1.335 1.275 1.185 1.430 1.455 1.380 1.405 City and occupation WORCESTER, MASS. - Continued Bread and cake - Machine shops: - Continued Agreement B: Working foremen .................. $1,630 Mixers................................... 1.470 Bench hands, divider operators, ovenmen, reliefmen, receivers .. . . 1.360 Mixers' helpers, molder operators, ingredient dumpers, wrapping-machine operators, checkers ........ 1.310 Pan greasers, molders' helpers, rackers, 1.230 Doughnut department: 1.420 Mixers, machine operators ....................... .310 1.100 Agreement C: Shift foremen ..................... 1.630 (2/) Mixers ................................... 1.470 1.360 Moldermen, oven loaders, oven dumpers, mixers' helpers, batchmen, mnftMwft wrappers .............. 1.310 Bakery helpers, bread rackers, flour blenders . 1.230 Women employees: Bench helpers, icingmachine operators ........ 1.230 leers, packers, wrap pers , cleaners . . . . . . . . 1.100 Agreement D: Head benchmen ..................... 1.540 Foremen (shipper) .............. (2/) Mixers ....................... .......... 1.470 Bench hands, dividermen, receivers ............... 1.360 Molders, oven feeders, mixers' helpers, wrap ping-machine operators, shipping packers (check ers), ingredient scalers, shippers ............................. 1.310 Bread rackers, pen greas ers , general helpers (men), shipping—room helpers, flour handlers . 1.230 Agreement E: Foremen ............................................. .. 1.750 Cake bakers, benchmen . . . . 1.330 Dough mixers....................... 1.250 Dividermen . . . . . . . . ............ 1.230 Wreppj ngHmachj ne operators 1.200 Cake decorators .................. 1.150 Packers ................................. 1.150 Rotary-ovenmen................... 1.150 Tray-ovenmen......... 1.150 Cake depositors .................. 1.100 Pie girls ............................ ............. 1.030 Bench and machine helpers, moldermen ........................................ 1.000 Doughnut-machine opera tors, bread panners ............ 1.000 Checkers ............................... .990 Hand icers ... ............... ......... .970 Pan greasers, bread rackers................ ............... .950 Pie and pastry shops: 1.570 Working foremen........... Head shippers (night) .......... 1.410 a 1.290 1.315 1.160 1.185 1.750 1.750 1.350 1.350 1.250 1.250 1.750 1.350 1.250 1.150 1.750 1.350 1.250 1.150 1.54-5 1.405 1.340 1.290 1.250 1.230 1.110 1.020 1.040 1.290 1.020 1.545 1.405 1.340 1.290 1.250 1.230 1.110 1.020 1.040 1.290 1.020 1.630 1.710 1.470 1.550 1.360 1.440 1.310 1.390 1.230 1.310 1/ 4-5-hour workweek. 2 / Information not available for rate and hours on July 1, 1950. Rate per hour July 1, July 1, 1950 1951 $1,710 1.550 1.440 1.390 1.310 1.500 1.390 1.180 1.710 1.540 1.550 1.440 1.390 1.310 1.310 1.180 1.620 1.590 1.550 1.440 1.390 1.310 1.310 1.390 1.310 1.290 1.260 1.210 1.210 1.210 1.210 1.160 1.140 1.110 1.060 1.050 1.050 1.010 1.695 1.570 City and occupation WORCESTER, MASS. - Continued Pie and pastry shops: Continued Mixers, dough dividers, oven men, head shippers (day) .. Filling cook, reliefmen ... . Head machine washers, assistant mixers, dough dividers' helpers, machine feeders................................. Filling-room helpers ............ Checkers and receivers ........ R im ers..................................... Mixers’ helpers, fillers' helpers, checkers' helpers, apple-machine operators, homogenizers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Pie machine and cake: Fillers (women) .......................... Apple-machine helpers, fruit cleaners, pie packers, boxers . . . . . . . . . Apple- and pie-machine operators (women), packers (women) Hebrew baking: Foremen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Second hands ........................... First cake baker, mixers . . . Second cake baker, bench hande . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . YORK, PA. Pie and pastry shops: Head ordermen, cooks, pack ers, dough mixers, custard mixer3, ovenmen . . . . . . . . . . . Ingredient scalers, cooks' helpers, washing-machine men, ovenmen's helpers, order packers ............ . Pie makers, shell makers, toppers and fillers ............ Utilitymen and helpers, dishwashers ........................... Pie wrappers and crown makers, women ....................... Crackers and cookies: Mach*ne captains , Dough mixers . . . __ . . . . . . . . . . Flour dumpers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Cookerinen t o v e n m e n __ . . ____ Dough brakemen ....................... Machine set-up men ................ K1 lnttiftn ..................................i i r t t i t Mixers ’ helpers........ .. ........ Dough feeders Supervisors, women . . . . . . . . . Helpers, women . . . ___ . . . . . . YOUNGSTOWN, OHIO Bread and cake - Hand shops: Bread: Foremen _______ . . . . . . . . . . Dough mixers, ovenmen . . . . Bench hands . . . ____ . . . . . . Wrapping-machine operators Benchmen.................................. .......... Hand urappA'ra , , , , , , Cake: Working foremen .................. Ovenmen , mixers . . . . . . . . . . Henen hands Helpers (oven) . . . . , .( ( Hand icers, women ..................... Rate per hour July 1, July 1, 1950 1951 $1,410 $1,520 (2/) 1.520 1.310 a /) 1.270 (2/) 1.400 1.400 1.365 1.365 1.210 1.300 1.080 1.170 1.080 1.160 1.030 1.110 1/1.778 1/1.778 2/1.667 1/1.667 1/1.778 1/1.778 1/1.667 1/1.667 1.400 1.450 1.200 1.100 1.020 .900 1.310 1.235 1.180 1.170 1.210 1.190 1.170 1.165 1.155 1.080 1.000 1.250 1.150 1.070 .950 1.440 1.360 1.300 1.340 1.330 1.310 1.285 1.280 1.270 1.190 1.100 1.510 1.420 1.360 1.270 1.150 .350 1.510 1.420 1.360 1.160 .850 1.605 1.520 1.440 1.360 1.210 .390 1.605 1.520 1.440 1.230 .890 39 TABLE 15.— Union scales of wages and hours in the baking industry, in selected cities, July 1, 1950 and July 1, 1951 - Continued City and occupation YOUNGSTOWN, OHIO - Continued Bread and cake - Machine shops: Agreement As Foremen ................................. Mixers, ovenmen .................. Oven dumpers and feeders, dividers, twisters, bread p8nners . ....................... ... Wrapping-machine operators, checkers, shipping and receiving clerk s................................. Pan greasers, flour dumpers ............................... Bread rackers, wrapping-machine helpers, truck loaders and helpers Hand wrappers ..................... Hate per hour July 1, July 1, 1950 1951 $1,680 $1,680 1.580 1.580 1.480 1.4-80 1.380 1.380 1.330 1.330 1.300 1.300 1.300 1.100 City and occupation YOUNGSTOWN, OHIO - Continued Bread and cake - Machine shops: - Continued Agreement Bt Breads Foremen ............................. Dough mixers, ovenmen Oven loaders and dumpers, divid ers, benchmen and machinemen, bread panners ........................... Shipping and receiving clerks, checkers, wrapping-machine operators ....................... Pan greasers ................... Flour dumpers ................. Rate per hour July 1, July 1, 1950 1951 $1,680 $1,680 1.580 1.580 1.480 1.480 1.380 1.380 1.330 l.*30 1.320 1.320 City and occupation YOUNGSTOWN, OHIO - Continued Bread and cake- Machine shops: - Continued Agreement B: - Continued Bread: - Continued Bread rackers, wrappingmachine operators* helper's _T, tTttTTTttttT Hand wrappers .TTTfTttti Cake: Foremen............................. Mixers, ovenmen .............. Ingredient scalers, s caling-machine operators, depositor operators ....................... Checkers, cake wrappingmachine operators (women) ........................... Packers and helpers . . . . Hand le e r s ................ Rate per hour July 1, July 1, 1950 1951 $1,300 1.100 1.680 1.580 $1*300 1.100 1.680 1.580 1.480 1.4-80 1.380 1.380 l.i»00 1.9Q0 1.100 i!ioo U. S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE :O — 1952
@FedFRASER