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Union Wages and Hours:
The Baking Industry
July 1,1950
Bulletin No. 1014
UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF LABOR
Maubice J. Tobin, Secretary
BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS
Ewan Clagce, Com m issioner
Union Wages and Hours:
The Baking Industry
July 1,1950
Bulletin No. 1014
UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF LABOR
M aurice J. T obin , Secretary
BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS
E wan Clague, Com m issioner
For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U. S. Government Printing Office, Washington 25, D. C.
Price 25 cents
Letter of Transmittal
U nited States D epartment of L abor,
B ureau of L abor Statistics,
W a s h in g to n , D . C ., F e b r u a r y 1 , 1 9 5 1 .
The Secretary
of
L abor :
I have the honor to transmit herewith the annual report on union wages
and hours in the baking industry in 74 cities as of July 1, 1950.
This report was prepared in the Bureau’s Division of Wage Statistics by
Annette Y. Sherier, under the direction of John F. Laciskey.
E wan C lague, C o m m is s io n e r .
Hon. M aurice J. T obin,
S e c r e ta r y o f L a b o r .
(in)
Contents
Sum m ary___________________________________________________________________
Scope and m ethod of stu d y ___________________________________________________
T rends in union wage scales__________________________________________________
R ate variations by industry branch___________________________________________
City and regional rate variations______________________________________________
S tandard workweek______________________________________________ '___________
Union scales of wages and hours, by city ______________________________________
Tables:
1. Indexes of union hourly wage rates and weekly hours in the baking industry,
1939-50___________________________________________________________
2. Average union wage rates in the baking industry, July 1, 1950, and in
creases since July 1, 1949, by type of baking_________________________
3. Percent increases in union wage rates and percent of workers affected, by
type of baking, July 1, 1949, to Ju ly 1, 1950_.________________________
4. Cents-per-hour increases in union wage rates and percent of workers
affected, by type of baking, Ju ly 1, 1949, to July 1, 1950______________
5. D istribution of union members in the baking industry, by type of baking
and by hourly wage rates, July 1, 1950______________________________
6. Average union hourly wage rates and wage increases in bread and cake
hand shops, by city, July 1, 1949, to July 1, 1950____________________
7. Average union hourly wage rates and wage increases in bread and cake
machine shops, by city, July 1, 1949, to Ju ly 1, 1950_________________
8. Average union hourly wage rates and wage increases in pie and p astry
shops, by city, July 1, 1949, to July 1, 1950_________________________
9. Average union hourly wage rates and wage increases in Hebrew bake shops,
by city, July 1, 1949, to July 1, 1950________________________________
10. Average union hourly wage rates and wage increases in other nationality
bake shops, by city, July 1, 1949, to July 1, 1950____________________
11. Average union hourly wage rates and wage increases in cracker and cooky
shops, by city, July 1, 1949, to July 1, 1950_________________________
12. Average union wage rates in the baking industry, by population group and
by type of baking, July 1, 1950_______________ - _____________________
13. Average union wage rates in the baking industry, by region and by type of
baking, July 1, 1950_______________________________________________
14. D istribution of union members in the baking industry, by straight-tim e
weekly hours, and type of baking, July 1, 1950______________________
15. Union scales of wages and hours in the baking industry, in selected cities,
July 1, 1949, and July 1, 1950______________________________________
(V)
Page
1
1
1
2
4
6
6
1
2
2
2
3
3
4
4
5
5
5
6
6
6
7
Union Wages and Hours in the Baking Industry, July 1,1950
quotations for the various occupations in both
years, weighted by the membership reported in
1950.
Summary
Hourly wage scales of unionized workers ad
vanced 4 percent between July 1, 1949, and July 1,
1950, according to the Bureau of Labor Statistics’
twelfth annual survey of union scales in the baking
industry. On July 1, 1950, union hourly scales
for all bakery workers averaged $1.37, an increase
of 6 cents an hour over the previous July. Con
tract negotiations effective in the 12 months
ending July 1, 1950, provided wage increases for
77 percent of all bakery workers studied. The
straight-time workweek remained unchanged from
the previous year, averaging 40.7 for all workers.
The 40-hour straight-time work schedule was the
most prevalent in the industry and affected five of
every six unionized bakery workers studied.
Trends in Union Wage Scales
Between June 1, 1939, and July 1, 1950, the
index of union hourly scales of bakery workers
advanced 92.4 percent.1 Nearly three-fourths of
this upward movement occurred after July 1945.
The 4-percent increase in wage scales of unionized
bakery workers in the year ending July 1, 1950,
was the smallest annual gain recorded since VJday and was substantially below the increases
achieved in the 2 years immediately following the
cessation of hostilities in 1945, when advances of
15 and 13 percent were registered. (See table 1.)
T a ble 1.— Indexes of union hourly wage rates and weekly
Scope and Method of Study
hours in the baking industry, 1989-50
[June 1,1939=100]
The information presented in this report is
based on union scales in effect on July 1, 1950,
and covered approximately 75,000 union bakery
workers in 74 cities ranging in population from
40,000 to over 1,000,000. Data were obtained
primarily from local unions by mail questionnaire;
in some cities local union officials were visited by
Bureau representatives for the desired information.
Union scales are defined as the minimum wage
rates, or maximum schedules of hours agreed upon
through collective bargaining between employers
and trade-unions. Rates in excess of the nego
tiated minimum which may be paid for special
qualifications or other reasons are not included.
Average hourly rates presented in this report
are designed to show current levels and are based
on all rates reported in effect on July 1, 1950;
individual union rates are weighted by the number
of union members reported working at each rate.
These averages are not measures for yearly com
parisons because of annual changes in union mem
bership and in classifications studied. Average
cents-per-hour and percentage changes from July
1, 1949, to July 1, 1950, are based on comparable
Year
193Q- .Trine 1
194.0* .Tune 1
1941- June>1 .
1049.* Inly 1
1Q43* .Tilly 1
1Q44* Inly 1
1945: July 1____ ___________________
1946: July 1________________________
1Q47* Inly 1
1948r Tilly 1 . _
_ __
__
1Q4Q: Inly 1
10K0! Inly 1
Index of hourly Index of weekly
rates
hours
100.0
102.7
106.1
116.3
121.2
122.0
123.6
141.6
160.6
173.4
184.5
192.4
100.0
99.5
99.2
99.1
98.6
98.6
98.6
98.3
98.2
98.2
97.8
97.8
Three of every four union bakery workers in the
cities included in the survey had upward adjust
ments in their pay scale between July 1, 1949, and
July 1, 1950. The proportion of workers receiving
increases in bake shops producing nationality
products other than Hebrew—which employed
about 2 percent of all workers studied—was con
siderably below that of the other five branches of
the industry. Only one-ninth of the other nation
ality bakers had scale advances, as compared with at
1 In the index series designed for trend purposes, year-to-year changes in
union scales are based on comparable, quotations for the various occupations
in both years, weighted by the membership reported ' . 1950.
jt
(1)
2
T a b l e 2. — Average
union wage rates in the baking industry,
July 1 , 1 9 5 0 , and increases since July 1 ,
&2/
a/ baking
Average
rate per
hour July
1,1950 1
Type of baking
All b a k i n g , ,
Bread and cake:
H and
M a n h in a
_
.
Pip a n d p a s t r y _ _
Nationality baking:
H ebrew .
O th er
_______
______
Cracker and cooky_______________
had their scale advanced from 5 to 10 percent.
(See table 3.) Although individual wage adjust
ments ranged up to 30 cents an hour, raises gen
erally varied from 5 to 10 cents an hour. (See
table 4.)
Amount of increase
July 1,1949-July
1,1950 2
Percent
Cents per
hour
Rate Variations by Industry Branch
$1.37
4.3
6
1.63
1.35
1.23
1.4
5.2
4.1
2
7
5
1.93
1.65
1.11
3.2
.5
5.1
6
1
5
Wage scales in the bakery industry are generally
affected by such factors as product, baking process,
extent of mechanization and specialized or more
standard baking. Most of the baked goods are
now standardized and produced by mass-produc
tion techniques in large and highly mechanized
establishments.
Specialized baking is found
primarily in bread and cake hand shops and in
shops producing Hebrew, French, Italian, and other
nationality baked goods.
Over three-fourths of the workers included in
the study were employed in the highly mechan
ized mass-production shops, and a large proportion
of these workers performed routine tasks which
require relatively little training. In specialized
or hand shops, the labor force is composed mainly
of skilled all-round journeymen.
1Average rates are based on all rates in effect on July 1, 1950; individual
rates are weighted by the number of union members reported at each rate.
2 Based on comparable quotations for 1949 and 1950; weighted by the
membership reported in 1950.
least half in each of the other types of shops; over
four-fifths of the workers in machine bread and
cake shops, and cracker and cooky establishments,
which had 75 percent of the total employment in
the survey, were affected by upward scale revisions.
Of those receiving increases between July 1,
1949, and July 1, 1950, about three of every five
T a b l e 3.—Percent
increases in union wage rates and percent of workers affected, by type of baking, July 1,1949, to July 1, 1950
Percent of union workers
affected by—
Type of baking
No
change
All baking------------------------------------------------Bread and cake:
Hand_________________________________
Machine_______________________________
P ie a n d p a s t r y
Nationality baking:
H ebrew
O th e r
_
_
Cracker and cooky__________________________
i
Increase Decrease
Percent of workers affected by increase of—
Less
than 5
percent
5 and
15 and
10 and
20 and
25 and
30 per
under 10 under 15 under 20 under 25 under 30 cent and
percent percent percent percent percent
over
21.9
77.3
0.8
24.5
45.6
4.4
2.5
0.2
0)
43.4
13.0
34.1
51.6
86.6
65.6
5.0
.4
.3
30.1
25.3
21.0
17.0
53.2
36.4
3.6
5.2
4.7
.1
2.7
3.5
.3
.1
0)
45.6
88.8
15.8
54.0
11.2
84.2
.4
13.4
6.3
24.8
39.0
4.9
50.4
4.0
4.0
.6
0)
0.1
.5
.1
1.6
.4
Less than 0.05 of 1 percent.
T a b l e 4. — Cents-per-hour
increases in union wage rates and percent of workers affected, by type of baking, July 1, 1949, to
July 1, 1950
Type of baking
All b a k i n g
_
_
_
Bread and cake:
Hand _ ______________
M a o b in p .
P ie a n d p a s t r y
_
__
........
__
.
,-
______
_
Nationality baking:
Hp.brp.w
Other
_ ____
Cracker and cooky_________________________
Less than 0.05 of 1 percent.
___
Percent of workers affected by increase of—
Percent of
union
workers
affected by Less than
5 cents
increase
5 and
under 10
cents
10 and
under 15
cents
15 and
under 20
cents
20 and
under 25
cents
25 and
under 30
cents
77.3
8.6
50.8
13.7
3.8
0.2
0.1
51.6
86.6
65.6
6.5
7.6
10.9
35.9
56.5
40.0
5.1
18.7
8.4
3.2
3.7
6.3
.1
.1
54.0
11.2
84.2
5.6
9.3
10.2
62.6
38.2
.2
1.0
5.2
.7
13.5
2.2
.6
30 cents
and over
(0
.8
(*)
<9
.1
0)
3
T a b l e 5.— Distribution of union members in the baking industry , by type of baking and by hourly wage rates, July l t 1950
Percent of union members whose rates (in cents) per hour were—
Average
rate per
hour
Type of baking
100 110 120 130 140 150 160 170 180 190 200
80
90
Un and
and and and and and and and and and and and and
der under under
under
under under under under under under under under under under
80
90
100 110 120 130 140 150 160 170 180 190 200 210
210 220 230
and and and
under under over
220 230
All baking___ _______________
$1.367
0.7
2.2
8.2
12.5
10.8
11.0
11.6
11.3
8.7
6.1
4.6
4.8
2.7
3.1
0.9
0.4
Bread and cake:
Hand___________________
Machine_________________
Pie and pastry_______________
Nationality baking:
Hebrew_________________
1.632
1.352
1.232
.1
.3
1.4
.7
1.2
9.3
1.4
6.7
11.7
1.8
8.4
13.4
4.2
10.8
14.5
4.8
13.5
13.6
6.6
16.1
9.7
6.1
17.1
9.6
11.4
11.9
7.0
22.2
4.6
4.9
18.5
2.1
2.4
8.0
3.5
.3
2.0
3.4
.4
7.6
.3
.6
1.4
.1
.6
___
___
”6
1.925
1. 652
1.108
.1
.2
.2
.1
___
17.5
1.9
14.1
1.5
1.9
6.2 26.7 10.5
.5
27. 6 31. 7 14. 9
.3
.3
0)
2.2
31.5
2.0
.4
4.8
3.8
17.8
.4
1. 5
8.5
10.0
4.7
2.2
9.3
10.8
31.6
2.3
O th er
Cracker and cooky____________
1.6
0.4
1.6
0)
1 Less than 0.05 of 1 percent.
Since the study included all union workers
engaged in preparing or processing bakery pro
ducts, the over-all level of hourly scales is affected
by the different occupational structures in special
ized and standard bake shops. On July 1, 1950,
average union hourly scales of workers in each
branch of specialized shops exceeded the $1.37
industry average, and ranged from $1.63 for
T a b l e 6.— Average
union hourly wage rates and wage increases in bread and cake hand shops, by city, July 1,
1949, to July 1, 1950
bread and cake hand shops to $1.93 for bakers of
Hebrew products. In contrast, in the mechanized
standard bake shops, with their large proportion
of lower skilled workers, the average hourly scales
varied from $1.11 in cracker and cooky plants
to $1.35 in bread and cake machine shops.
In each type of baking hourly scales of individual
workers clustered heavily around the average,
even though in each type, except other nation
ality, the hourly scales varied from less than 80
cents to $2 or more an hour. (See table 5.)
Indexes of Union Hourly W age Rates and W eekly
City
Average rate
per hour
July 1,1950
Amount of increase
July 1 ,1940-July 1,1950
Percent
Cents per
hour
New York, N . Y__________
San Francisco, Calif_________
Portland, Oreg___________
Oakland, Calif_____________
Los Angeles, Calif___________
Baltimore, Md_____________
$1.852
1.770
1.670
1.667
1.655
1.653
-1 .6
4.8
3.0
4.2
3.1
0
-3 .0
8.1
5.0
7.0
5.0
0
Miami, Fla_____ _________
Cleveland, Ohio____________
Rochester, N . Y____________
Chicago, 111________________
Washington, D. C___________
Springfield, Mass...................
Newark, N . J___
„ ____
Denver, Colo____ ________
Butte, Mont_______________
Houston, Tex______________
Duluth, Minn_____________
Toledo, Ohio______ _______
Pittsburgh, Pa___ __ __ __
Phoenix, Ariz
South Bend, Ind.. . _______
New Haven, Conn__________
Peoria, 111____ ____________
St. Paul, Minn_____________
Minneapolis, Minn__________
Rock Island (111.) District1___
Providence, R. I____________
St. Louis, Mo__ __ ______
Scranton, Pa_______________
Manchester, N. H___________
Youngstown, Ohio__________
Salt Lake City, Utah
Boston, Mass___ __ _______
Milwaukee, Wis_____________
Chattanooga, Tenn___ _ ___
1.625
1.606
1. 574
1. 569
1. 550
1. 522
1.505
1.444
1.395
1.392
1.387
1.376
1.361
1.359
1.347
1.338
1.329
1.321
1.310
1.303
1.288
1.252
1.235
1.196
1.193
1.169
1.168
1.144
.996
0
9.2
6.8
.9
6.9
3.5
0
3.6
0
0
3.7
21.3
0
2.8
2.2
2.3
2.4
4.0
3.9
10.8
0
0
5.9
3.8
4.4
0
3.3
0
0
0
13.5
10.0
1.4
10.0
5.2
0
5.0
0
0
5.0
24.1
0
3.7
3.0
3.0
3.1
5.0
4.9
12.7
0
0
6.9
4.4
5.0
0
3.7
0
0
Average, all cities
1Includes
_ ____
1 .68&
1.4
Rock Island and Moline, 111., and Davenport, Iowa.
929630— 51--------2
9.S
4
T a b l e 7.—Average
union hourly wage rates and wage increases in bread and cake machine shops, by city, July 1, 1949, to
July 1, 1950
Average rate
per hour
July 1,1950
C ity
Am ount of increase July 1
1949-July 1,1950
C ity
Percent
Oakland, Calif
San Francisco, Calif_____________
Los Angeles, Calif
Washington, T), C
Spnkane, Wash
Cents per
hour
$1.956
1.804
1.705
1.641
1.616
1.3
1.4
3.0
6.5
4.7
Bnt.te, Mont
_
Cincinnati, Ohio
Portland, Oreg
Rochester, N, V
Newark, "NT .T
1.578
1.538
1.525
1.477
1.458
0
8.2
1.2
6.6
6.6
•NTaw York 1ST V
Seattle, Wash
Peoria, Til
Tlanvar, Coin
Phoenix, Ariz
1.453
1.441
1.440
1.425
1.419
6.4
5.2
4.6
3.6
3.7
8.8
Kansas City, Mn
Youngstown, Ohio______________
Dayton, Ohio
Buffalo, N Y
_
Tolado, Ohio
1.417
1.417
1.395
1.378
1.361
7.6
10.0
A vp.rngp.t all. citipn
1.852
St Lnnis, Mo
Oklahoma C ity, Okla___________
Dnlnth, Minn_
.. ..
Pittsburgh, Pa__________________
6 .2
1.346
1.340
1.335
1.315
0
8.1
5.3
0
Salt Lake. City, Utah
Minneapolis, Minn
South Band, Tnd
Chicago, TU
Datmit, Mich
1.314
1.306
1.306
1.302
1.300
4.8
5.9
5.6
4.2
4.2
Boston, Mass
St, Paid, Minn
Indianapolis, Tnd
TT ston, Tav
Philadelphia, Pa________________
1.298
1.296
1.287
1.286
. 286
5.7
6.5
3.6
7.0
7.9
5.9
7.2
..............
017
Average rate
per hour
July 1,1950
6.6
7.9
7.1
7.9
2.5
2.5
5.0
10.0
7.2
0
11.7
1.9
9.2
9.0
7.1
6.3
6.0
5.0
8.7
10.3
9.2
10.0
6 .7
0
10.0
7.0
0
6.0
7.2
6.9
5.2
6.2
2.8
0
1
0
Am ount of increase July 1,
1949-July 1,1950
Cents per
hour
Percent
Cleveland, O hio_ _
R ock Island (111.) D istrict _____
Des Moines, Iowa_
Columbus, Ohio
Worcester, Mass
$1.285
1.282
1.279
1.278
1.277
1*
Dallas, Tex
'
Portland, Maine.
.... .
Omaha, Nehr
N ew Haven, Conn
Wichita, TCans
15.8
8.5
4.1
7.0
4.3
17.5
10.0
5.0
8.3
5.3
1.268
1.268
1. 264
1.259
1.236
8.6
2.4
5.8
10.0
3.0
6.8
1.231
.
1.217
.
1.209
1 220
1 210
3.8
9.6
7.5
4.7
2.5
4.5
10. 7
8.4
5.5
3.0
Grand Rapids, Mich
_ _ _
Providence, R . I ________________
Little R ock, Ark
Springfield, Mass
N ew Orleans, La _ _
1.205
1.205
1. 204
1.203
1.188
4.2
2.5
4.8
3.0
7.0
4.0
5.0
Charleston, WTVa
_
Richm ond, Va _
_ _
Memphis, Tenn_________________
San Antonio, Tex
Chattanooga, Term_____________
1.175
1.149
1.130
1.128
1.081
13.0
7.6
6.9
13.5
0
6.1
8.1
7.3
0
6.2
Atlanta, Ga
Birmingham, Ala
Baltimore, Md
El Paso, Tex _
Knoxville, Tenn
1.059
1.058
1.037
1.004
1.003
5.8
4.9
5.4
5.8
5.0
5.3
Louisville, K y
Milwaukee, Wis
Reading, Pa
Scranton, Pa.... _
Syracuse, N . Y
_
_ _
_
_
_
_
___
Charlotte, N . C__
Jacksonville, Fla _
Jackson, Miss .
Norfolk, Va . _
Miami, F la______________________
.997
.984
.975
.954
.935
6.3
4.1
7.5
5.0
6.2
3.4
4.4
0
0
0
0
3.1
2
()
2.2
0
.4
3.0
(3)
2.1
0
.3
i Includes Rock Island and Moline, 111., and Davenport, Iowa.
* Less than 0.05 of 1 percent.
» Less than 1 mill.
T
8.— Average union hourly wage rates and wage in
creases in pie and pastry shops, by city, July 1, 1949,
to July 1, 1950
able
1
C ity
Average rate
per hour
July 1,1950
Am ount of increase July ,
1949-July 1,1950
Percent
San Francisco, Calif......
Los Angeles, Calif
Dayton, Ohio _
N ew York, N. Y ______________
Detroit, Mich __ ....
Toledo, Ohio__________________
Tndianapolis, Tnd
Cleveland, Ohio
Avp.rn.np, all r.itips
_
Philadelphia, P a ______________
Omaha, Nehr
Colnmhns, Ohio
Worcester, Mass________________
Boston, Mass
_ ...
Scranton, P a __________________
York, Pa______________________
Syracuse, N. Y
Buffalo, N. Y _________________
South Bend, In d ______________
Chicago, TU
Providence, R. I _______________
Dnlnth, Minn
Baltimore, Md
....
Chattanooga, Tenn .
$1.792
1.425
1.405
1.346
1.336
1.276
1.271
1.261
5.6
4.1
7.7
5.1
5.5
4.1
6.7
15.8
1.232
U
1.219
1.204
1.191
1.184
1.132
1.108
1.108
1.071
1.056
1.012
1.003
.982
.970
.962
.843
2.4
9.1
9.6
2.3
1.7
0
4.1
0
6.1
5.2
0
0
5.0
5.6
4.8
Cents per
hour
9.4
5.8
10.0
6.5
7.0
5.0
8.0
17.2
18
2.9
10.0
10.4
2.6
1.8
0
4.3
0
6.1
5.0
0
0
4.6
5.1
3.9
City and Regional Rate Variations
Scale negotiations in the bakery industry are
generally conducted locally and wage scales,
therefore, tend to vary from city to city. There
was no consistent relationship between the scale
levels in the various branches within a city.
New York City, for example, had the highest
average scale for bread and cake hand shops,
the eleventh for bread and cake machine shops,
the eighth for cracker and cooky plants, and the
lowest for other nationality baking.
For the 71 cities studied with mechanized
bread and cake shops, which employed over half
of the bakery workers studied, July 1 , 1950,
levels were highest in Pacific Coast cities and
lowest in Southeastern cities, and ranged from 94
cents in Miami to $1.96 in Oakland.
Among the 42 cities having cracker and cooky
plants, union scales varied from 84 cents in Dallas
5
T a b l e 9.—
Average union hourly wage rates and wage in
creases in Hebrew bake shops, by city, July 1, 1949,
to July 1, 1950
Average rate
per hour
July 1,1950
City
D e t r o i t , M ic h .
L o s A n g e le s , C a lif
C h ic a g o , Til ............
_
....
...
N ew Y ork , N . V
R o ch ester, N . Y
.....
....
A v e r a g e , a ll c itie s
_
....
. ..
B o sto n , M ass.
...
P r o v id e n c e , R . I
N e w H aven , Conn
N e w a r k , N . .T
P h il a d e lp h ia , P a
C le v e la n d , O h io
W o r c e s te r , M a s s
M in n e a p o lis , M in n
S p r in g fie ld , M a s s
____
M ia m i, F la
. ____
D e n v e r , C o lo
P it.tsT m rg h , P a
_
M ilw a u k e e , W is
S t . L o u is , M o _
_ _
____
$2.184
2.000
1.997
1.995
1.990
1 .9 2 5
1.823
1.819
1.804
1.801
1.787
1. 752
1.634
1.525
1.523
1.500
1.431
1. 425
1. 411
1.394
Amount of increase July 1,
1949-July 1,1950
Percent
0
0
0
4.5
5.3
S .2
0
13.6
1.7
0
0
2.5
6.7
5.5
0
0
3.6
3.0
0
8.3
Cents per
hour
0
0
0
8.7
10.0
5 .9
0
21.8
2.9
0
0
4.4
10.2
8.0
0
0
5.0
4.1
0
10.6
to $1.41 in Newark; in nearly half of the cities,
scales averaged between $1.05 and $1.20 an hour.
Average union scales in bread and cake hand
shops ranged from $1 in Chattanooga to $1.85 in
New York. Levels below $1.25 applied to 7 of
the 37 cities in this group.
In the other branches of the baking industry
Detroit led in Hebrew baking with a scale of $2.18
and San Francisco ranked highest in pie and
pastry shops and other nationality baking with
levels of $1.79 and $1.77, respectively. The
lowest city level reported for these branches of the
industry was 84 cents an hour for pie and pastry
workers in Chattanooga.
When the cities included in the survey were
grouped according to population, the average
union hourly scale for all branches of the industry
combined was highest in the more densely popu
lated centers and descended in accordance with
T a b l e 10.—
Average union hourly wage rates and wage in
creases in other nationality bake shops, by city, July 1,
1949, to July 1, 1950
Amount of increase July 1,
1949-July 1,1950
Average rate
per hour
July 1,1950
Cents per
Percent
hour
City
San
F r a n c is c o , C a li f
C h ic a g o , Til
D e t r o i t , M ic h
Ane.rn.gp., n i l c i t i e s
B u f f a lo , N V
L o s A n g e le s , C a lif
N ew V ork, N . Y
_ ....
$1.772
1. 734
1.710
1 .6 5 2
1.604
1. 538
1. 505
0
0
0
.6
5.0
4.8
.3
0
0
0
.8
7.7
7.0
.5
city size except for the 40,000 to 100,000 size group
which averaged slightly above the next larger size
classification. Among the individual branches,
average scales generally followed a somewhat
similar pattern. In pie and pastry shops and
other nationality baking, the average for cities
with a population of 500,000 to 1,000,000 exceeded
those with populations of 1 million or more by 11
and 9 cents an hour, respectively. (See table 12.)
11.— Average union hourly wage rates and wage
increases in cracker and cooky shops, by city, July l t
1949, to July 1, 1950
T able
C ity
A v e r a g e ra te
per h our
J u l y 1 ,1 9 5 0
A m o u n t o f in crea se J u l y 1,
1 9 4 9 -J u ly 1 ,1 9 5 0
P ercen t
N e w a r k , N . .T __
R o ch ester, N . Y
S a n F r a n c is c o , C a lif _
O a k la n d , C a lif ____________________
H o u s t o n , T e x _____________________
P h ila d e lp h ia , P a
P it t s b u r g h , P a ____________________
N ew Y ork, N . Y
C h ic a g o Til
B u ffa lo , N . Y
A t la n t a , G a
D a y t o n , O h io
D u lu t h , M in n
D e t r o it , M ic h
K an sas C ity , M o
C le v e la n d , O h io
...........
B o s t o n , M ass
S e a ttle , W a s h .
C in c in n a t i, O h io
,
A v e r a g e all c ities
___________
O m aha, N ebr.
Y ork , Pa
D e s M o in e s , Tow a_ _
S t. L o u is , M o
T o l e d o , O h io
...
M ilw a u k e e , W is
P o r t la n d , O reg
D e n v e r , C o l o .......... _ __ ______
L o s A n g e le s, C a lif _ ______
S t. P a u l, M in n
.... ____ ______
C o l u m b u s , O h io _ .... ....
R i c h m o n d , Va . _ „
S p o k a n e , W a sh
......
B a lt im o r e , M d
R o c k I s la n d (111.) D i s t r i c t 1_____
S cra n ton , P a
____ ... ....
M in n e a p o lis , M in n
C h a r le s t o n , S. C ....
. ..
B ir m in g h a m , A la
S a lt L a k e C i t y , TTt.ah
D a lla s , T e x
....
C e n ts p e r
hour
$1.405
1.337
1.300
1.218
1.177
1.175
1.173
1.169
1.167
1.164
1.155
1.155
1.148
1.140
1.131
1.122
1.113
1.113
1.111
6 .8
7 .2
4 .7
3 .3
6 .6
4 .4
15 .8
4 .4
4 .9
5 .4
5 .0
4 .3
5. 5
5 .1
1 1 .6
2 7 .2
4 .2
4 .3
7 .0
9 .0
9 .0
5 .8
3 .9
7 .3
4 .9
1 6 .0
4. 9
5 .4
5 .9
5 .5
4 .8
6 .0
5. 6
1 1 .8
2 4 .0
4. 5
4 .6
7 .3
1 .1 0 8
5 .1
5 .4
1.100
1.095
1.094
1.079
1.066
1. 026
1. 010
1.008
1.003
1.003
4 .8
5 .0
4 .9
6 .8
0
9 .2
0
6 .8
0
0
0
3 .1
3 .4
5 .0
5 .2
5 .1
6 .9
.989
.9 8 4
.9 7 3
.9 7 0
.9 6 7
.9 4 6
.9 4 2
.9 1 2
.8 9 5
.8 8 3
.8 4 4
GO
0
8. 7
0
6 .4
0
0
0
3 .0
3 .2
00
5 .6
4 .0
5 .2
0
7 .5
2 .9
0
5 .1
3 .7
4 .7
0
6 .2
2. 5
0
1Includes Rock Island and Moline, 111., and Davenport, Iowa.
Data not available for 1949.
2
On a regional basis, hourly scales averaged
highest on the Pacific Coast and lowest in the
Southeast. Only two regions, the Pacific ($1.54)
and Middle Atlantic ($1.49), had levels exceeding
the $1.37 national hourly average. (See table 13.)
Of the three branches represented in all regions,
average hourly scales were highest for bread and
cake machine shops on the Pacific Coast and for
bread and cake hand shops and cracker and cooky
shops in the Middle Atlantic States.
6
T a b l e 12. — Average union wage rates in the baking industry ,
by 'population group and by type of baking, July 1, 1950
Population group
Cities Cities Cities
Cities
Cities
with
with
with
with
with
250.000
100,000 40.000
1,000,000 500,000 to
to
to
to
or more 1,000,000 500.000 250,000 100.000
Type of baking
______
$1.490
$1.358
$1.277
$1.206
$1,223
Bread and cake;
Hand_______________
Machine_____________
Pie and pastry___________
Nationality baking:
Hebrew_______ ____
1.742
1.421
1.236
1. 556
1.347
1.350
1.523
1.349
1.093
1.277
1.248
1.083
1.337
1.241
• 1.108
1.975
1.638
1.140
1.717
1.730
1.137
1.743
1.670
1.084
1.063
All baking___
O th e r
Cracker and cooky_______
T a b l e 13.—
1.065
Standard Workweek
Changes in straight-time weekly hours between
July 1, 1949, and July 1, 1950, affected relatively
few bakery workers. The average standard work
week consisted of 40.7 hours, the same as the
previous year.
Over 98 percent of all workers in three branches
of the industry— cracker and cooky, pie and
pastry, and bread and cake machine shops— were
covered by agreements stipulating standard work
weeks of 40 hours or less on July 1, 1950. Twothirds of the Hebrew bakers and over two-fifths
of the union members in bread and cake hand
Average union wage rates in the baking industry, by region 1 and by type of baking, July jf, 1950
United New Eng Middle
States
land
Atlantic
Type of baking
All baking________ -- -----------------------------Bread and cake;
Hand_________________________________
Machine_______________________________
Pie an<1 pastry
...................
Nationality baking;
Hebrew
_ .
other
... .
.
Cracker and cooky__________________________
Border Southeast
States
Great
Lakes
Middle
West
South
west
Moun
tain
Pacific
$1.367
$1.306
$1,486
$1. 212
$1.067
$1.296
$1.257
$1.207
$1.196
$1.535
1.632
1.352
1.232
1.246
1.264
1.120
1.786
1.376
1.267
1. 589
1.253
.962
1.059
1.057
.843
1.506
1.315
1.139
1.252
1.341
1.204
1.392
1.237
1.349
1.408
1.721
1.640
1.527
1. 925
1.652
1.108
1.787
1.950
1.516
1.175
1.500
.980
1.096
1.885
1.723
1.107
1.431
1.113
1.110
2.000
1.691
1.110
1.394
1.076
.995
i The regions used in this study include:
N e w E n g l a n d : Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, Rhode Island, and Vermont; M id d le A t l a n t i c : New Jersey, New York, and Penn
sylvania; B o r d e r S ta te s : Delaware, District of Columbia, Kentucky, Maryland, Virginia, and West Virginia; S o u th e a st: Alabama, Florida, Georgia, Missis
sippi, North Carolina, South Carolina, and Tennessee; G reat L a k e s : Illinois, Indiana, Michigan, Minnesota, Ohio, and Wisconsin; M id d le W e s t : Iowa, Kansas,
Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, and South Dakota; S o u th w e s t: Arkansas, Louisiana, Oklahoma, and Texas; M o u n t a i n : Arizona, Colorado, Idaho, Mon
tana, New Mexico, Utah, and Wyoming; P a c ific : California, Nevada, Oregon, and Washington.
T a b l e 14.—
Distribution of union members in the baking
industry, by straight-time weekly hoursf and type of
baking, July 1, 1950
Type of baking
All baking__________
Bread and cake:
Hand__________
M anhinft
P ip a n d p a s t r y
Nationality baking;
Hebrew_________
Othp.r
("V^.(»ker a n d
nnnlry
Union Scales of Wages and Hours, by City
Percent of weekly hours—
Aver
age
hours
per
week
Un
der
40
40
40.7
2.4
82.6
4.0
0.4
5.1
5.5
43.5
40.0
40.0
.9
4.4
35.8
93.9
99.7
16.6
.5
2.3
0)
15.7
.3
28.7
.9
.3
9.0
62.6
100.0
24.3
11.0
5.7
49.1
17.6
20.7
44.3
42.1
40.0
1 Less than 0.05 of 1 percent.
Over
40 and
under
44
44
Over
44 and
under
48
shops had straight-time weekly schedules exceed
ing 44 hours. (See table 14.)
48
Table 15 presents union scales of wages and
hours in effect on July 1, 1949, and July 1, 1950,
for each classification of bakery workers, by type
of baking, in each of the 74 cities included in the
study. Where more than one union rate was in
effect for the same occupation in a particular city,
all the rates are listed with the letters A, B, C,
etc., designating the various effective agreements.
The sequence of the letters does not indicate the
relative importance of the agreements or rates.
7
T able
15.— Union scales of wages and hours in the baking industry, in selected cities, July 1, 1949, and July 1, 1950
[Hours are 40 per week for both years unless otherwise indicated]
City and occupation
July 1, July 1,
1949,
1950,
rate per rate per
hour
hour
ATLANTA. GA.
Bread and cake—Machine shops:
Agreement A:
Bread mixers and ovenmen.. $1.350
1.300
Checkers, wrapping-machine operators, dividers__ 1.200
Mixers’ helpers and molders. 1.150
Selectors _
1.050
Bench hands___ ________
.940
Twisters, panners, oven
loaders, bread rackers,
dumpers, wrapping-machine operators’ helpers,
women icers and wrappers,
grease-machine operators..
.920
Packers_____________ __ .870
Agreement B:
Bread:
1.440
Foremen____
Dough mixers, ovenmen__ 1.240
Dividers
_ _
1.160
Benchmen, rolling-m achine men, moldermen. _ 1.130
Wrapping-machine operators________________ 1.100
Bun - wrapping - machine
operators------------------- 1.080
Dumpers
.940
.930
Truck loaders and helpers.
Bread rackers, oven helpers, pan greasers (after 6
months); wrapping-ma
chine operators’ helpers.
.880
Grease machine operators.
.840
Bun trayers, hand wrappers------------------------.830
Cake:
Foremen. . . .
1.370
Mixers and ovenmen____
1.220
Ingredient scalers, check
ers, foreladies, and scal
ing-machine operators__ 1.010
Supervisors (women)
.890
Icers, checkers, wrappers,
packers, cutters; after 6
months, cake-wrappingmachine operators _
.850
Pan greasers and cake
dumpers
.750
Shipping:
Shipping elerks _ _
1.240
Checkers___ _
1.080
Agreement C:
Bread:
Foremen______________ 1.440
Ovenmen, dough mixers... 1.240
Dividers
1.160
Molders, bench hands,
benchmen, roll-machine
operators.
1.130
Wrapping-machine opera
tors___ .
1.110
Checkers _
1.080
Oven loaders and dump
ers, panners _
.940
Mixers’ helpers, wrappingmachine operators’ help
ers, rackers, pan greasers,
after 6 months ..
.880
Packers and slicers (wom
en), after 6 months____
.850
Dough mixers’ helpers,
first 6 months; and hand
wrappers, after 6 months.
.830
Cake:
Foremen
1. 370
Mixers, ovenmen_______
1. 220
Scaling-machine operators,
checkers, ingredientmen. 1.010
Wrapping-machine opera
tors, packers and icers
(women); after 6 months.
.850
Wrapping-machine help
ers, first 6 months
.830
Dumpers, scaling-machine
operators’ helpers_____
.750
1 45-hour workweek.
$1.350
1.300
1.200
1.150
1.050
.940
.920
.870
1.520
1.320
1.240
1.210
1.190
1.160
1. 010
1.000
.950
.910
.900
1.450
1. 300
1.090
.960
.920
.820
1.320
1.160
1.520
1.320
1.240
1. 210
1.190
1.160
1. 010
.950
.920
.900
1.450
1. 300
1.090
.920
.900
.820
City and occupation
July 1, July 1,
1949,
1950,
rate per rate per
hour
hour
City and occupation
ATLANTA, GA.—Continued
ATLANTA, GA.—Continued
Bread and cake—Machine shops—
Continued
Agreement C—Continued
Shipping:
Shipping Clerks .
Agreement D:
Bread:
Foremen............... .........
Dough mixers, ovenmen,
shipping and receiving
clerks __
Dividers____ _____ . . . .
Eoll-machine operators,
benchmen, molders____
Wrapping-machine operators
Checkers______________
Oven loaders and dumpers.
Dough mixers’ helpers,
pan greasers, bread rackers, bread panners, flour
dumpers, wrapping-machine helpers; after 6
months_____________
Hand wrappers, truck loaders and helpers_______
Cake:
Foremen____________
Mixers, ovenmen, and icing
mixers_ _
Ingredient scalers, scaler
operators and checkers_
Women wrapping-machine
operators, hand icers,
packers, wrappers, cutters.
Grease machine operators.
Cake dumpers_________
Crackers and cookies:
Agreement A:
Sponge and sweet mixing:
Head mixers___________
Mixers
Mixers’ helpers _.
Sponge baking:
Head bakers__________
Machine captains
Bakers (including sweet
baking)_____________
"Rollerman
Sweet baking:
Machine captains
Ovenmen
Dough feeders, pan clean
ers and feeders_______
Icing:
Head mixers___________
Mixers
Mixers’ helpers
Base cake weighers___ _
Floormen
Machine operators, women
helpers
Packing:
Supervisors and supplymen.
Pastemen.
Machine set-up men,
wrapping-machine oper
ators, head elerks
Floormen _
Women:
Supervisors___________
Sponge packers, hand
bundlers____ _____
Scalers and weighers__
Formers, stitchers,
wrapping-machine op
erators, helpers
Sweet packers, carton
formers, weighers and
closers
Shipping:
Supervisors and stockmen.
Assemblymen _ ..
Car loaders.
Clerks (women)________
Crackers and cookies—Continued
Agreement B:
Foremen___ ___________
Mixers
Ovenmen, loaders________
Wrapping-machine opera
tors, cuttermen, scalers__
Dumpers, enrobers, squeeze
bagmen (icers), hand
wrappers, packers, women
helpers
3 48-hour workweek.
$1.240
$1.320
1.440
1.520
1.240
1.160
1.320
1.240
1.130
1.210
DAJLi 1liYIV/uu, JTl U ,
1.110
1.080
.940
1.190
1.160
1.010
Bread and cake—Hand shops:
Agreement A:
Dough mixers, ovenmen___
Benchmen
Agreement B:
Dough mixers______ _____
Journeymen bakers----------Helpers________________
Bread and cake—Machine shops:
Agreement A:
Bread department:
Mixers, oven operators
thread t.ravs')
Ingredient scalers______
Bench hands________
Divider operators, molder
operators-------------- __
Bread wrappers, machine__
Wrapping-machine helpers.
Mixers’ helpers, oven feed
ers, oven dumpers, oven
helpers, molder oper
ators (women V
Bread wrappers (women) __
Bread packers__________
Flour blenders (bread and
cakel
Pan greasers, bakery help
ers (men and women) __.
Cake and sweet department:
Mixers, ovenmen (first
class)
Ingredient mixers’ helpers.
Bench hands
Cooky mixers, icing mixers.
Cake decorators (men and
women)
Ovenmen (second class)__
Dividers (depositor oper
ators) ..... ._ _
Oven feeders.___ ______
Cake packers
Packers. ______________
Pan greasers, bakery help
ers, bakers’ helpers____
Bench helpers (women)__
Cake icers (women) ______
Cake wrappers (women). _
Agreement B:
Bread department:
Mixers, ovenmen_______
Set-up men____________
Dividermen. _________
Oven dumpers_________
Moldermen _
Ovenmen’s helpers, coolermen, bake-shop help
ers, pan greasers______
Wrapping-machine feeders.
Wrapping-machine feeders
(women)
Cake department:
Mixers, ovenmen
Icing makers__________
Ingredient scalers, sugar
grinders
__
Oven dumpers___ _____
Flour blenders_________
Pan greasers, packers and
shippers
Tray and mold boys_____
.880
.950
.830
.900
1.370
1.450
1. 220
1. 300
1. 010
1.090
.850
.840
.750
.920
.910
.820
1. 450
1.350
1.200
1.505
1.405
1. 255
1. 490
1.390
1.545
1.445
1.330
1.280
1.385
1. 335
1.390
1.200
1.445
1. 255
1.150
1.205
1. 375
1.300
1. 250
1.200
1.100
1.430
1. 355
1.305
1.255
1.155
1.000
1.055
1. 250
1.200
1.305
1.255
1.150
1.100
1.205
1.155
1.120
1.175
1.020
1.010
1.075
1.065
1.000
1.055
.990
1.045
1.250
1.200
1.150
1. 090
1. 305
1.255
1.205
1.145
July 1, July 1,
1949,
1950,
rate per rate per
hour
hour
$1.175
.975
.825
$1. 225
1.025
.875
.775
.825
.725
.775
1 1. 756
i 1.689
1 1.756
1 1. 689
3 1.125
3 1.125
2.794
3 1.125
3 1.125
3. 794
1.250
1.225
1.220
1.315
1. 290
1.285
1.125
1.050
1. 050
1.190
1.115
1.115
1.025
.955
.950
1.090
1.020
1. 015
.925
.990
.913
.978
1. 250
1. 225
1.220
1.200
1. 315
1. 290
1.285
1.315
1.175
1.150
1. 240
1. 215
1.100
1.000
.975
.975
1.165
1.065
1.040
1.040
.913
.825
.800
.775
.978
.850
.825
.800
1.240
1.180
1.130
1.050
1.025
1.290
1.230
1.180
1.100
1.075
.970
.890
1.020
.940
. 770
.820
1.240
1.240
1.290
1.290
1.050
.970
.945
1.100
1.020
.995
.870
.855
.920
.905
8
T able
15.'— Union scales of wages and hours in the baking industry, in selected cities, July 1, 19J+.9, and July 1, 1950— Con.
City and occupation
July 1, July 1,
1949,
1950,
rate per rate per
hour
hour
City and occupation
BALTIMORE, MD.—Con.
BALTIMORE, M D —Con.
Bread and cake—Machine shops—
Con.
Agreement B—Continued
Cake department—Con.
Wrappers and icers (wornen)_________________
Agreement C:
ftprip.rfll iitilit.ymp.n
Mixers_________________
Ovenmen______________
Machine operators, bread
wrapping-machine operators, depositor operators___
Cake bench hands, oven
loaders and dumpers____
Ingredient scalers, bread
benchmen, bread panners
pnH rpnlrprs
Dough mixers’ helpers, cake
oven helpers___________
Pan greasers_________ . ..
Hand icers (women), hand
bread wrappers (women) __
Rrpflfl nhp.clrfirs
Checkers, packers and wrappers (women)__________
Agreement D:
Bread department:
Oven operators, dough
mixers, doughnut-machine operators_______
All-round bench hands,
molder operators, divider operators, wrappingmachine operators, rollmachine operators ___
Ingredient scalers, oven
feeders and dumpers,
mixers’ helpers, dough
nut-room men________
Pan rackers (loaders), pan
greasers, molders’ help
ers, bread packers, se
lectors and order packers.
Flour handlers, pan wash
ers
Panners and fillers, dough
nut trav packers
Helpers /women')
Agreement E:
Bakers, first class_________
Bakers, second class______
Crackers and cookies—Con.
Baking department—Con.
Cuttermen______________
Ovenmen and reliefmen___
Rollermen______________
Fig grinders, ingredient
scaler helpers__________
Stackars
Cracker-meal miller helpers,
pan cleaners, pan feeders,
fig grinder helpers, UtilityOther men workers (after 30
days)-------------------------Icing department:
Working foremen, machine
operators, enrobingmachine operators, marshmallow operators
Icing mixers____________
W orking su p e r v is o r s
(women), sample room
girls, packers A_________
Trolley stickers and dippers.
Flnnrmp.n
Machine operators (women),
D. L. operators, packers
on D. L., scalers, weighers,
caddie girls, depositor feed
ers, other women machine
operators______________
Delmarvia operators, hand
dippers, strappers, stencil
feeders and fillers, floor
girls, other women help on
D. L. machines..................
Utility girls, caddie girls,
helpers, other women help
(after 30 days)--------------Packing department:
Hp.qrl finormfin
Utilitymen______________
Wrapping-machine operators
and setters___ _______
Checkers.______________
Wrapping-machine opera
tor.^ flnnrmp.n A
Sponge packers, bundlers,
n^rihnn fr.rmp.rs
nrppkpr-mp.nl pn.pkp.rs
Carton helpers__________
Floormen B, other male help.
Sweet packers, weighers,
G en eral h e lp e rs
Women workers______ _ __
Agreement F:
Dough mixers___________
Divider operators_________
Dough mixers’ helpers __
Molder operators________
Wrapping-machine feeders.__
General helpers:
Starting rate___________
After 6 months____ ____
After 1 year____________
Pie and pastry:
Doughnut shops:
Agreement A:
Doughnut-machine opera
tors_________________
B a k fir s’ hoi pars
Head packers (women)__
Packers (women)
Agreement B:
Foremen
Mixers, machine operators.
B a k e r y h e lp e rs
H earl p a c k e r s
Packers and helpers (wom
en)
Crackers and cookies:
Mixing department:
Working foremen
Mixers__________________
Mixers’ helpers___________
F lo o r d o m p e r s
$0.770
$0.820
1.200
1.150
1.125
1.275
1.225
1.200
1.100
1.175
1.050
1.125
1.000
.975
.850
1.075
1.050
.925
.850
.775
.900
.850
.750
.800
1.320
1.270
1.345
1.295
1.220
1.245
1.170
1.195
1.120
.950
.930
1.145
.975
.955
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
1.175
1.025
.875
.750
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
1.380
1.305
1.230
1.230
1.020
(3)
(3)
(3)
1.015
1.043
1.093
1.075
.905
.825
. 775
1.100
.930
.850
.800
1.350
1.100
.900
(3)
.800
1.450
1.200
.975
.900
(3)
1.375
1.325
1.125
.950
(3)
(3)
(3)
.850
phnt.p t.pnflp.rs
B ppp.kprs
Sealers, caddie formers,
staplers, relief girls— pack
ing gang, other women
helpers (after 30 days), ma
chine operators—women
fillers_________________
City and occupation
July 1, July 1,
1950,
1949,
rate per rate per
hour
hour
BIRMINGHAM, ALA—Con.
(3)
(3)
(3)
$1.300
1.225
1.150
(8)
(3)
1.125
1.100
(8)
.950
CO
.875
(8)
CO
1. 225
.975
CO
(3)
CO
.955
.905
.875
(8)
.855
CO
.805
CO
.755
CO
CO
1.325
1.150
(3)
CO
1.075
1.005
CO
.975
CO
CO
CO
CO
.955
.950
.905
.875
CO
CO
.855
.825
CO
BIRMINGHAM, ALA.
Bread and cake—Machine shops:
Agreement A:
Mixers__________________ $1.095
.995
Ovenmen, head--------------.970
Ovenmen_______________
Dividers, and head roll.945
machine operators______
.920
Molders and benchmen____
Roll-machine operators____
.870
Machine wrappers and util
.820
itymen_______________
Pan greasers and bake-shop
.770
helpers_______________
.745
Packers and shippers_____
Agreement B:
MiYPrp
1.300
Ovenmen------------- ------- 1.265
Divider operators------------- 1.200
Molder operators_________ 1.125
Wrapping-machine operators. 1.095
Oven feeders and dumpers_ 1.030
Checkers_________ ______ 1.005
Packers, sugar grinders, flour
dumpers, pan greasers and
.950
flfilpp.rs
Slicers, feeders, wrapping.875
machine helpers________
Baking department:
Sponge peelers_ _______
1.375
(3)
Bakers, peelers, cracker-meal
millers, ingredient scalers,
machine captains_______
1.325
(3)
3 Information not available for rate and hours op July 1, 1949.
July 1, July 1,
1950,
1949,
rate per rate per
hour
hour
.755
1.095
.995
.970
.945
.920
.870
.820
.770
.745
1.350
1.315
1.250
1.175
1.145
1.080
1.055
1.000
.925
Bread and cake—Machine shops—
Con.
Agreement C:
Bread:
Mixers________________
Ovenmen_____________
Divider operators_______
Molder operators________
Wrapping-machine operators.
Oven feeders and dumpers.
Checkers..................... ......
Roll panners___________
Sugar grinders, flour
dumpers, pan greasers,
packers_____________
Slicers, feeders, wrappingmachine helpers______
Cake:
Mixers________________
Ovenmen_____________
Icing mixers___________
Depositors____________
Wrapping-machine opera
tors________________
Head icers_____________
Oven feeders and dumpers.
Pan greasers, bake-shop
helpers______________
Icers, wrappers_________
Agreement D:
Bread:
Mixers________________
Ovenmen_____________
Divider operators_______
Molder operators_______
Wrapping-machine opera
tors________________
Oven feeders and dumpers.
Checkers_____________
Packers______________
Sugar grinders, flour
dumpers, pan greasers,
and bake-shop helpers. _.
Slicers, feeders, wrappingmachine helpers______
Cake:
Mixers___________ ____
Ovenmen_____________
Icing mixers, depositor
operators____________
Depositors’ helpers_____
Head icers, wrapping-ma
chine operators_______
Oven feeders and dumpers.
Pan greasers and bakeshop helpers__________
Packers----------------------Icers and wrappers______
Crackers and cookies:
First floor:
Mixing room:
Head mixers___________
Mixers________________
Mixers’ helpers_________
Bake shop:
Machine operators, sponge
peelers, sponge-oven
bakers______________
Sponge-oven helpers_____
Sponge-oven traymen........
Sponge peelers:
1 to 6 months______
Dough rollers, sweet-oven
bakers______________
Sweet-oven helpers______
Machine feeders________
Stackers______________
Machine helpers________
Stackers:
1 to 3 months______
Second floor:
Wrapping-machine opera
tors, checkers__________
Pan and tray dumpers____
Pan feeders_____________
Sponge packers, sample
women, large carton mak
ers, large wafer-machine
operators_____________
1.125
1.095
1.030
1.005
1.000
$1.350
1.315
1.250
1.175
1.145
1.080
1.055
1.050
.950
1.000
$1.300
1.265
1.200
.875
.925
1. 220
1.300
1. 265
1. 250
1.190
1.200
1.105
1.200
.990
.955
1.040
1.040
1.030
.885
.895
.950
.945
1.300
1.265
1.125
1. 350
1.315
1. 250
1.175
1.095
1.030
1.005
.950
1.145
1.080
1.055
1.040
.950
1.000
1. 200
.875
.925
1.300
1.265
1. 350
1.315
1.200
1.115
1. 250
1.165
.990
1.040
1.030
.950
.915
.895
1.000
.965
.945
1.090
.990
.920
1.180
1.060
1.090
1.020
1.180
1.080
1.080
1.000
1.060
.960
.940
.940
.920
.720
1.030
.670
.750
.940
.870
.840
1.000
.850
.910
1.010
1.000
.980
.750
.930
.930
9
T able
15.— Union scales o f wages and hours in the baking industry, in selected cities, July 1, 1949, and July 1, 1950— Con.
City and occupation
July 1, July 1,
1950,
1949,
rate per rate per
hour
hour
BIRMINGHAM, ALA—Con.
Crackers and cookies—Con.
Second floor—Con.
Pan greasers_____________ $0.840
Wrapping-machine bundlers.
.800
Helpers:
Men__________________
.720
.670
Women_______________
Packers________________
.670
Third floor:
Head mixers_____________
Icing mixers, sirup cookers.
.920
Trayers, cold-room packers,
machine feeders_______
Cappers________________
.800
Icing mixers’ helpers, general
helpers...............................
.720
Caddy and carton formers,
women helpers....... ......... .
.670
Shipping room:
Stock checkers___________
.940
Stock room:
.920
Issue clerks_____________
Helpers________________
.870
Fruit cake:
Mixers_________________
Scalers, bakers___________
.910
Packers, scalers, checkers,
pan washers, toppers’
helpers_______________
Wrappers...............................
.670
$0,900
.850
.750
.750
.750
1.060
.980
.910
.850
.750
.750
1.020
.920
1.020
.960
.750
.750
BOSTON, MASS.
Bread and cake—Hand shops:
Agreement A:
Dough mixers___________
Ovenmen, bench hands, di
vider operators_________
Molders___ ____________
Wrapping-machine opera
tors, wrapping-machine
helpers, packers, shippers
(after 3 years)___ ______
Packers________________
Bakers’ helpers__________
Agreement B:
Foremen, second hands____
Shipping clerks__________
Ovenmen (bread and pies)_
Mixers_________________
Ovenmen (cakes)_________
Frosting makers__________
Head benchmen__________
Benchmen______________
Filling cooks____________
Greasers, helpers, cleaners,
frosters_______________
Agreement C:
First hands_____________
Ovenmen, dough mixers___
Benchmen______________
Frosters (women)________
Agreement D:
Foremen_______________
Dough mixers, ovenmen___
Benchmen______________
Agreement E:
Foremen_______________
Dough mixers, benchmen,
ovenmen, shipping clerks..
Bread and cake—Machine shops:
Agreement A:
Mixers_________________
Dividermen_____________
Mixers’ helpers, ingredient
scalers, moldermen, oven
feeders________________
Wrappers, packers, floormen
(after 3 years)__________
Flour blenders, molders’
helpers, rackers, pan greas
ers___________________
Agreement B:
Mixers_________________
Machinemen, ovenmen,
benchmen_____________
Mixers’ helpers, ingredient
scalers, molder operators,
ovenmen’s helpers_______
248-hour workweek.
* 1.510
21.555
1.400
2 1.350
2 1.445
2 1.395
1.300
2 1.300
21.210
21.345
21.345
21.255
1.500
1.270
1.260
1.240
1. 230
1. 220
1.210
1. 540
1.310
1.300
1.280
1.270
1.260
1. 250
1.120
1.160
.900
.940
1.465
1.355
1. 300
.940
1.495
1.385
1. 330
.960
1. 270
1.165
1.115
1.270
1.165
1.115
2
2
1.160
1.200
1.450
4 1. 510
<1. 300
4 1. 360
1. 510
1.400
1.540
1.430
*
1. 350
1.300
1.330
1.270
1.300
1. 510
1.540
1.400
1.430
1.350
1.380
City and occupation
July 1, July 1,
1950,
1949,
rate per rate per
hour
hour
City and occupation
BOSTON, MASS.—Continued
BOSTON, M A SS.—Con.
Bread and cake—Machine shops—
Continued
Agreement B—Con.
Checkers and rackers:
1 to 3 years____________
Over 3 years___________
Bakery helpers, pan greasers,
flour dumpers, floormen...
Agreement C:
Mixers_________________
Benchmen, benchwomen,
divider operators, oven
men__________________
Mixers’ helpers, molder op
erators, oven loaders and
dumpers._____________
Wrapping-machine opera
tors, checkers, stale
checkers, wrapping-ma
chine helpers, floormen
(shipping), conveyor
men:
1 to 3 years____________
Over 3 years___________
Bakery helpers, pan greasers.
Agreement D:
Ovenmen, icing mixers, mix
ers___________________
Shippers________________
Ingredient scalers........... ......
Bakery helpers__________
Shippers’ helpers:
1 to 2 months__________
Over 2 months_________
Table head (women)______
Wrappers (women):
1 to 2 months__________
Over 2 months_________
Agreement E:
Mixers_________________
Ovenmen_______________
Ingredient scalers_________
Scalers_________________
Helpers________________
Checkers, packers, wrappers,
cutters, icers (women):
Up to 1 year___________
1 to 3 years____________
Over 3 years___________
Agreement F:
Working foremen_________
Doughnut-machine opera
tors, fondant mixers, mix
ers___________________
Divider operators, depositor
operators, roll-machine op
erators, benchmen, receiv
ers and stockmen, docomachine operators______
Molder operators, ingredient
scalers, selectors, mixers’
helpers, steam-box men,
ovenmen, blenders______
Molders’ helpers, pan greas
ers, rackers, DeVelbissmachine operators, wrap
ping-machine operators,
conveyor beltmen, frost
ing-machine operators,
head foreladies, fondantmachine helpers________
Geneial bakery helpers, in
spectors, foreladies______
Icers and decorators_______
Doughnut-tray packers,
cake-cutting machine op
erators, hand icers, panners and make-up workers.
General bakery helpers____
Pie and pastry shops:
Agreement A:
Doughnut-machine opera
tors ___ ______________
Doughnut mixers_________
Cleaners________________
Packers:
1 to 2 years____________
2 to 3 years____________
Over 3 years___________
Pie and pastry shops—Con.
Agreement B:
Mixers, ovenmen, bench
hands____________ ___
Helpers------------------------Cutters, pie table________
Agreement C:
Mixers, ovenmen_________
Pie fillers, dough cutters----Hebrew baking:
Foremen_________________
Second hands_____________
Third hands______________
Crackers and cookies:
Agreement A:
Dog food department:
Mixers________________
Bakers, machine captains__
Reliefmen_____________
Dough feeders__________
Oven firemen__________
Pan feeders-----------------Bakers’ helpers_________
Kibblers______________
Packing department:
Floormen_____________
Handlers of broken and
rejected goods________
Scalers, weighers, packers.
Shipping department:
Shippers______________
Car checkers___________
Car assemblers_________
Head car loaders________
Assemblers____________
Assistant car loaders_____
Stock clerks, stockmen___
Agreement B:
Machine captains_________
Saltine mixers, sweet mixers.
Dough feeders, dough rollers,
ovenmen, bakers......... ......
Marshmallow mixers, spraymachine operators______
Mixers’ helpers___________
Supplymen_____________
Weighers, general workers,
beaters, stockmen, ma
chine feeders___________
Feeders________________
Wrapping and packing de
partment:
Wrapping-machine opera
tors ________________
Sponge packers, relief girls,
wrapping-machine feed
ers_________________
Breakers, box makers,
bundlers, weight girls,
sweet packers, box lin
ers, box and label girls,
box closers, stitchers,
sweet goods, bundlertapers______________
$1.210
1.300
$1.240
1.330
1.270
1.300
1. 510
1.540
1.400
1.430
1.350
1.380
1.210
1.300
1.270
1.240
l! 330
1.300
1.400
1.300
1. 250
1.150
1.430
1.330
1.280
1.180
1.100
1.150
1.100
1.130
1.180
1.130
.950
1.000
. 980
1.030
1.480
1.420
1.350
1.330
1.510
1.450
1. 380
1 .360
1.240
1.210
.930
.970
1.010
.950
*990
1.030
1.615
1.665
1. 515
1,565
1.465
1. 515
1.415
1.465
July 1, July 1,
1950,
1949,
rate per rate per
hour
hour
$1,290
1.080
.970
$1.290
1.080
.990
1.380
1.240
1.410
1. 270
1.999
1.853
1. 706
1.999
1.853
1.706
1.210
1.185
1.155
1.110
1.085
1.060
1.040
1.000
1.240
1.215
1.185
1.140
1.115
1.090
1.070
1.030
1.070
1.100
.845
.835
.875
.865
1.160
1.125
1.105
1.100
1.075
1.060
1.040
1.190
1.155
1.135
1.130
1.105
1.090
1.070
1.405
1. 325
1.445
1. 365
1.305
1. 345
1. 255
1.155
1.105
1.295
1.195
1.145
1.055
1.005
1.095
1.075
1.255
1.295
1.035
1.075
1.005
1.075
1.500
1.450
1.395
1.575
1.525
1.470
1.140
.950
1. 215
1.185
1.630
1. 570
1.460
1.730
1.670
1.560
1.380
1. 320
1. 270
1.260
1. 230
1.480
1.420
1.370
1. 360
1.330
BUFFALO, N. Y.
1. 365
1.415
1. 295
1.100
1.345
L 130
1.030
1.060
1.010
1.350
1.290
1. 380
1. 320
1.250
1.220
.930
.970
1.010
4 44-hour workweek
.950
.990
1.030
Bread and cake—Machine shops:
Agreement A (semimachine
shops):
Foremen_______________
Oven hands and mixers____
Bench hands____________
Checkers,
wrapping-ma
chine operators, helpers
and pan greasers________
Hand wrappers_________
Agreement B:
Foremen___ ___________
Oven hands and mixers____
Bench hands____________
Scalers and machine oper
ators____ ____________
Ingredientmen___________
Packers and checkers______
Oven dumpers___________
Molders (women)_________
10
T able
15.'— Union scales of wages and hours in the baking industry , in selected cities , July 1, 1949 , and July 1, 1950— Con.
City and occupation
July 1, July 1,
1949,
1950,
rate per rate per
hour
hour
BUFFALO, N. Y.—Continued
Bread and cake—Machine shops—
Continued
Agreement B—Continued
Helpers and pan greasers,
flour dumpers (women)
and blenders (women)___
Machine operators, bread
and pan stackers_______
leers and wrappers (women).
Agreement C:
Bread department:
Working foremen_______
Mixers________________
Traveling-oven men, as
semblymen__________
Dividermen, bench hands.
Machine and moldermen—
Doughnut-machine oper
ators _______________
Oven feeders and dump
ers, oven helpers, wrap
ping-machine operators..
Checkers_____________
Bench helpers_________
Wrapping- and slicing-ma
chine helpers, flour han
dlers, packers________
Coolermen____________
Pan greasers, machine
hand helpers_________
Cake department:
Foremen_____________
Mixers________________
Assemblymen, travelingoven men___________
Scalers_______________
Pie mixers____________
Wrapping-machine opera
tors________________
Oven helpers__________
Foreladies____________
Machine helpers________
Pan greasers___________
Pie-machine boys—after 6
months_____________
Cake decorators—after 6
months (women)_____
leers, packers, wrappers
(women)____________
Pie machine (women)___
Agreement D :
Bread department:
Working foremen_______
Mixers________________
Ovenmen_____________
Assemblymen_________
Dividermen, bench hands.
Machine and molderman..
Mixers’ helpers_________
Assembly helpers, oven
feeders and dumpers___
Checkers_____________
Bench helpers, wrappingmachine operators____
Packers______________
Wrapping- and slicing-ma
chine helpers, coolermen,
flour handlers________
Pan greasers, machine
hand helpers_________
Cake department:
Foremen____ _________
Mixers_______________
Ovenmen_____________
Depositors____________
Ingredient scalers_______
Foreladies____________
Machine helpers________
Pan greasers___________
General helpers________
Icing - machine operators
(women)____________
leers, packers, wrappers
(women)___ ________
Rollette department:
Mixers________________
Jam coolers____________
Foreladies_____________
Mixers’ helpers_________
City and occupation
July 1, July 1,
1950,
1949,
rate per rate per
hour
hour
BUFFALO, N. Y.-Continued
$1,200
$1,300
1.250
1.030
1.350
1.130
1.528
1.415
1.628
1.515
1.390
1. 345
1.315
1.490
1.445
1.415
1.280
1.380
1.240
1.235
1.225
1.340
1.335
1.325
1.200
1.200
1.300
1.300
1.175
1.275
1.528
1.415
1.628
1.515
1.390
1.335
1.280
1.490
1.435
1.380
1.240
1.240
1.215
1.175
1.340
1.340
1.320
1.315
1.275
1.105
1.205
1.025
1.125
1.005
1.005
1.105
1.105
1.220
1.528
1.415
1.390
1.365
1.345
1.315
1.265
1.628
1. 515
1.490
1.465
1.445
1.415
1.365
1. 240
1.235
1.340
1. 335
1.225
1.205
1.325
1.305
1.200
1.300
1.175
1.275
1. 528
1.415
1.390
1.335
1.325
1.205
1.195
1.175
1. 628
1. 515
1.490
1.435
1. 425
1. 320
1.305
1.295
1.275
1.040
1.140
1.220
1.005
1.355
1.270
1.220
1.205
1.105
1.455
1.370
1.320
1.305
Continued
Agreement D—Continued
Rollette department—Con.
General machine helpers .
Wrappers, rollers, boxers
(women)____________
Agreement E:
Mixers, ovenmen_________
Cake decorators__________ .
Assemblymen, fried - cakemachine operators______
Bench hands, dividermen...
Moldermen, peelmen______
Doughnut fryers, icing-ma
chine operators, mixers’
helpers, packers________ .
Wrapping-machine operators..
Bench helpers, cooky-ma
chine operators, oven help
ers, flour sifters and blend
ers—
Bake-shop helpers, flour
sifters and blenders’ help
ers, doughnut fillers_____ .
leers, wrappers and packers
(women)_____________
Agreement F:
Male workers____________ .
Agreement G:
Working foremen_________ .
Mixers, ovenmen, benchmen,
dividermen, fried - cakemachine operators______ .
Bench helpers, checkers,
flour dumpers, molder
men, oven loaders and
dumpers, wrapping-ma
chine operators_________ .
Pan greasers, bread rackers,
bread panners, wrappingmachine helpers________
Hand icers, checkers, pack
ers, wrappers and cutters
(women)_____________
Agreement H:
Foremen_______________
Dough mixers, ovenmen___
Benchmen______________
Dividermen____________ .
Ingredient scalers________
Moldermen_____________ .
Pan greasers, flour dumpers.
Bread rackers, wrappingmachine operators______ .
Hand icers (women)--------Agreement I:
Working foremen_________ .
Oven operators, doughnutmachine operators, potato
chip operators, mixers___
Benchmen, divider deposi
tors—
Ingredient scalers, wrap
ping-machine operators,
molder operators, mixers’
helpers, head selectors,
filling cookers, floorladies...
Selectors, oven feeders and
dumpers, stock handlers,
muffin grillers, open-kettle
fryers________________
Production workers______
Oliver-wrapper operators,
roll- and sweet yeastmachine operators______
Icers and decorators, cakepan washers and greasers,
sweet yeast make-up panners, chip baggin gmachine operators, chip
fryers, order packers,
doughnut tray packers,
general helpers_________ .
Agreement J:
Working foremen________
Mixers_________________ .
Ovenmen______________ .
Assemblymen.__. . . . . ____ -
July 1, July 1,
1949,
1950,
rate per rate per
hour
hour
City and occupation
BUFFALO, N. Y.—Continued
$1.175
$1.275
1.005
1.105
1.435
1.415
1.535
1.515
1.365
1.345
1.315
1.465
1.445
1.415
1.265
1.245
1.365
1.345
1.225
1.325
1.175
1.275
1.005
1.105
1.140
1.140
1.550
1.625
1.450
1.525
1.300
1.375
1. 200
1.275
. 950
1.075
1.630
1.570
1.460
1.380
1.320
1. 260
1.230
1.200
1. 730
1.670
1. 560
1.480
1.420
1.360
1.330
1.300
1.170
.970
1.270
1.070
1.660
1.760
1.460
1. 560
1.410
1.510
1.360
1.460
1.310
1.260
1.410
1.360
1.095
1.195
Bread and cake—Machine shops—
Continued
Agreement J—Continued
Dividermen, benchmen........
Machine and moldermen___
Mixers’ helpers___________
Oven feeders and dumpers,
assembly helpers_______
(Theelrers
Bench helpers, wrappingmachine operators, flour
sifte rs a n d b le n d e r s
Wrapping and slicer helpers,
flour handlers, packers,
icers, roll slicers, coolermen__________________
Pan greasers, machine help
ers___________________
Agreement K:
Working foremen_________
Mixers__________________
O ven m en
Assemblymen___________
Dividermen, benchmen____
Machine and moldermen___
Doughnut-machine opera
to r s
Mixers’ helpers___________
Oven feeders and dumpers. .
Checkers_______________
Bench helpers, wrappingmachine operators______
Foreladies______________
Wrapping and slicer helpers,
flour handlers, packers___
Pan greasers, machine help
ers___________________
Packers, wrappers (women).
Pie and pastry shops:
Agreement A:
Mixers, ovenmen, cookers__
Icing mixers, ingredient
scalers, auxiliary workers..
Foreladies_______________
Rp.lpp.rs fw o m e n )
Agreement B:
Scaling-machine operators,
machine operators_______
P a elrers, e h e e k e r s
F ln n r la d ie s
Packers and wrappers (wom
en) __________________
Hebrew and Polish baking:
First hands, ovenmen, mixers. _
Second hands, bench hands__
Crackers and cookies:
Agreement A:
Mixing department:
Head mixers----------------Sponge mixers__________
F lo u r d u m p e r s ... .
_ ......
Mixers’ helpers_________
Baking department:
Machine captains_______
Oven firemen, bakers
(traveling- and reeloven)_______________
Cuttermen____________
Floormen (class A), sponge
rollermen, mixers’ help
ers_________________
■R ollerm en
G r a h a m o v e n fe e d e rs .
Tenant-machine operators.
Floormen (class B), pan
fe e d e rs a n d g rea sers
Spray-machine operators,
and inspectors, oven
feeders' and takers-out,
dough feeders, pan clean
ers, and feeders_______
Forming-machine opera
tors
1.060
1.160
1.528
1.415
1.390
1,365
1.628
1. 515
1.490
1.465
Icing department:
TTead m iyp.rs
M a o h in e e a p t a in s
Machine set-up men, machinemen, jelly and
marshmallow men-------
$1.345
1.315
1.265
$1.445
1.415
1.365
1.240
1.235
1.340
1.335
1.225
1.325
1.200
1.300
1.175
1.275
1.528
1.415
1.390
1.365
1.345
1.315
1.628
1.515
1.490
1.465
1.445
1.415
1.280
1.265
1.240
1.235
1.380
1.365
1.340
1.335
1.225
1.220
1.325
1. 320
1.200
1.300
1.175
1.005
1.275
1.105
1.205
1.305
1.055
.955
.905
1.155
1.055
1.005
1.195
1.060
1.030
1.195
1.060
1.030
.950
.950
1.600
1.500
1.750
1.550
1.460
1.375
1.275
1. 275
1.545
1.460
1.330
1.360
1.375
1.460
1.305
1.285
1.360
1.340
1.275
1.215
1.205
1.185
1.360
1.300
1.290
1.240
1.155
1.240
1.155
1.210
1.035
1.090
1.460
1.375
1.545
1.460
1.275
1.330
11
T able
15.'— Union scales of wages and hours in the baking industry, in selected cities , July 1, 1949, and July 1, 1950— Con.
City and occupation
July 1 July 1,
1950,
1949,
rate per rate per
hour
hour
BUTTE, MONT.
1. 673
<1. 628
* 1. 537
* .830
*
« 1.748
s 1. 748
s 1. 700
5 1.605
4 1.182
4.830
CHARLESTON, S. C.
Crackers and cookies:
Foremen, mixers (cake)_____
Ovenmen dough mixers, icing
mixers (cake)____________
Shipping and receiving clerks.
Dividermen, moldermen,
stockmen, roll-machine op
erators, scaling-machine op
erators, wrapping-machine
operators_______________
Oven loaders and dumpers__
Benchmen, bread rackers,
cleaners, icers, and packers
(women)_______________
3 48-hour workweek.
a
929630— 51-------3
July 1, July 1,
1950,
1949,
rate per rate per
hour
hour
CHARLESTON, W. YA.
BUFFALO, N. Y.—Con.
Crackers and cookies—Con.
Agreement A—Con.
Icing department—Con.
leers (women), other help
ers (women)_________ $1,015
Machine operators (wo
1.035
men) _______________
Packing department:
Working supervisors_____ 1.135
1.055
Sponge packers------------Hand bundlers, fillingmachine operators_____ 1.035
1.025
Sweet packers_________
Carton formers (machine),
sealers and weighers___ 1.015
Agreement B:
Mixing department:
1.475
Head mixers........... ..........
1.345
Enrobers_____________
1. 345
Sponge mixers_________
1.315
Sweet mixers__________
Jelly and marshmallowmen________________ 1.245
Flour dumpers, filling-ma
1.195
chine operators_______
Baking department:
1.415
Machine captains_______
1.325
Cuttermen____________
Sponge rollermen----------- 1.275
Pan feeders and greasers,
general helpers............... 1.195
Icing and cello-bag depart
ment:
Head mixers___________ 1.325
Machine set-up men, paper
cutters, icing mixers’
1. 275
helpers_____________
1.195
General helpers________
Forming-machine opera
tors, carton formers
(women)_____________ 1.055
Sealers, weighers (women). 1.005
Packing department:
General helpers_________ 1.195
1.095
Hand bundlers, and"carton
formers (machine table),
sweet packers carton
formers (hand), “Q”
formers, cover stitchers,
repack girls, breakage
girls________________ 1.045
Bread and cake—Hand shops:
Foremen, mixers---------------Ovenmen________________
Benchmen________________
Wrappers, hand (women)____
Bread and cake—Machine shops:
Foremen, dough mixers_____
Roll-machine operators, machinemen_______________
Ovenmen________________
Bench hands______________
Wrapping-machine operators,
wrappers (men)__________
Wrappers (women)_________
City and occupation
1.150
1.050
.950
.900
.850
.750
$1.070
1.090
1.190
1.110
1.090
1.080
1.070
1.530
1.400
1.400
1. 370
1.300
1.250
1.470
1.380
1.330
1. 250
Bread and cake—Machine shops:
Agreement A:
Bread:
Mixers No. 1__________
Mixers No. 2, dividers,
wrapping-machine oper
ators, shipping clerks__
Proof-box operators_____
Bakers’ helpers, first class.
Molders_______________
Bakers’ helpers, second
class________________
Dividers (women)______
Agreement B:
Bread:
Dough mixers, sponge
setters---------------------Wrapping-machine opera
tors ________________
Dividermen, moldermen..
Ovenmen, oven loaders
and dumpers, bread
rackers, truck loaders
and helpers, shipping
and receiving clerks____
Pan greasers, bread panners, feeders, dough panners________________
Bread rackers......... ...........
Bakers’ helpers_________
July 1 July 1,
1949
1950,
rate per rate per
hour
hour
City and occupation
CHARLOTTE, N. C.—Con.
2$1.350
2
$1.500
2 1. 200
2 1.150
2 1.100
2 1.000
1.350
2 1. 300
2 1.250
2 1.150
2 .950
2 1. 200
2
2 1.400
2
2 1.400
2 1. 230
3 1.220
2 1.080
* 1. 050
(*)
2
2 1.100
1.350
2
2
1.470
1.470
1.300
* 1.290
1.150
1.120
* 1.050
2
2
CHARLOTTE, N. C.
1. 380 Bread and cake—Machine shops:
Agreement A:
Bread:
Foremen______________ 1.200
1.330
Mixers, head ovenmen___ 1.050
1. 250
.975
Machinemen___________
Wrapping-machine opera
tors and ovenmen_____
.950
1.110
Helpers:
1.060
First 3 months_______
.750
After 3 months_______
.800
1.250
Hand wrappers and ma
1.150
chine helpers:
First 3 months_______
.750
After 3 months_______
.800
Cake:
Foremen___ __________ 1.200
Mixers and ovenmen_____ 1.050
Machinemen___________
.950
1.100
Foreladies__________ _ .900
Wrapping-machine opera
.850
tors________________
Experienced icers______
.850
Oven loaders and dumpers.
.850
4 1. 673
.825
Pan washers and greasers..
4 1. 628
Icers, wrappers and box
makers:
4 1. 537
First 2 months_______
4.830
.700
From 2 to 4 months........
.750
After 4 months....... ........
.800
« 1.748
Helpers:
First 3 months________
.750
* 1. 748
After 3 months_______
.800
« 1. 700
Shipping:
5 1.605
Snipping clerks_______ 1.050
Freight handlers and
4 1.182
stock helpers-----------.900
4.830
Checkers and packers...
.850
Agreement B:
Ovenmen, mixers and
doughnut-machine opera
tors__________________ 1.230
1.150
Dividers, roll-machine op
erators, depositor opera
1.050
tors, and bread wrappingmachine operators---------- 1.180
.950
Scalers, molder operators,
stockmen and mixers’
helpers___ ___________
1.130
Cake wrapping-machine op
erators________________ 1.100
.900
Oven loaders and dumpers,
.850
cake-icing-machine opera
tors__________________ 1.020
Production employees and
cake icers, hand............ .
.750
.950
vailable for rate and hours on July 1, 1949.
1.200
1.050
.975
.950
.750
.800
.750
.800
1.200
1. 050
.950
.900
.850
.850
.850
.825
.700
.750
.800
.750
.800
1.050
.900
.850
1.270
1.220
1.170
1.140
1.060
.975
Bread and cake—Machine shops—
Con.
Agreement B—Continued
General helpers:
Less than 90 days’ service.. 0.875
With 90 days’ service____
.900
Shipping:
Shipping and receiving
clerks______________
1.080
Selectors______________ 1.020
$0.875
.925
1.120
1.060
CHATTANOOGA, TENN.
Bread and cake—Hand shops:
Head bakers______________ 3 1.146
Second bakers_____________ 2.938
Helpers__________________
2.625
Bread and cake—Machine shops:
Agreement A:
Bread:
Dough mixers....... ............ 1.035
Ovenmen_____________
.980
Benchmen_____________
.960
Twisters, bench and ma
chine helpers, wrapping.905
machine operators_____
.850
Wrapping-machine helpers.
Cake:
Mixers________________ 1.035
Machine operators______
.905
Hand icers____________
.795
Checkers, wrappers, pack
ers, cutters___________
.740
Agreement B:
Bread:
Foremen______________ 1. 610
Mixers and ovenmen------- 1.350
Head benchmen and di
vider operators_______
1.270
Benchmen, machinemen,
assistant mixers, dump
ers, wrapping-machine
operators___ ________
1.200
Set-up men and wrappingmachine tailers_______
1. 060
Doughnut-machine oper
ators_______________
1.020
Bread twisters_________
1.000
Helpers:
Less than 3 months____
.820
3 to 6 months_________
.850
Over 6 months................
.940
Shipping:
Shipping clerks_________ 1.240
Agreement C:
Cake:
Foremen______________ 1.110
Mixers------------------------.950
Ovenmen_____________
.940
Foreladies_____________
.865
Scalers and icing mixers...
.840
Helpers, men__________
.750
Cutting-machine opera
tors, icers and wrappers.
.740
Wrapping-machine oper
ators________________
.720
Inexperienced helpers,
women______________
.570
Pie and pastry shops:
Foremen___ __________ 1.110
Mixers, and first cooks___
.950
.940
Ovenmen_____________
Cookers_______________
.800
Shipping clerks_________
.750
Wrappers, boxers, crustmachine operators, pie
fillers and toppers_____
.740
Pie glacers and helpers,
men________________
21.146
*. 938
J. 625
1.110
1.050
1.030
.970
.920
1.100
.910
.800
.780
1.690
1.430
1.350
1.280
1.140
1.100
1.080
.890
.920
1.010
1.320
1.150
.990
.940
.895
.880
.750
.780
.780
.750
1.150
.990
.940
.840
.790
.780
.750
CHICAGO, ILL.
Bread and cake—Hand shops:
Retail—Bread:
First hands_____________
Second hands— ________
Icers, after 1 year________
General bake-shop helpers,
after 1 year____ _______
4
<444-hour work week.
51.650
* 1.600
»1.245
«1.650
»1.600
8 1.245
» 1.175
81.175
» 42-hour workweek.
12
T able
15.— Union scales of wages and hours in the baking industry, in selected cities, July 1, 1949, and July 1, 1950 — Con.
City and occupation
July l, July 1,
1950,
1949,
rate per rate per
hour
hour
City and occupation
CHICAGO, ILL—Continued
CHICAGO, ILL.—Continued
Bread and cake—Hand shops—
Continued
Retail—Bread—Continued
Pan cleaners and greasers,
after 6 months__________
Retail—Bread and cake:
First hands, spongers, ovenmen___________________
Second hands_____________
Third hands:
First 6 months__________
7 to 24 months__________
25 to 36 months_________
Bread and cake—Machine
shops—Continued
Agreement D:
Bread only:
Working foremen_______
Mixers, ingredient scalers,
ovenmen____________
Soft roll (scaling-machine),
dividermen__________
Molders, traveling-oven
dumpers and feeders,
bench hands, dough
dumpers_____________
Bake-shop helpers---------Helpers, sorters_________
Checkers, wrappers, pack
ers, cutters (women):
Start_______________
After 30 days_________
After 6 months_______
After 1 year__________
After 3 years_________
Doughnut shops:
Doughnut and chocolate enrobing-machine operators..
Utilitymen--------------------Foremen (women)________
Packers (women):
Start_________________
After 1 month__________
After 6 months_________
After 1 year___________
Pie and pastry shops:
Pie shops:
Ingredientmen, ovenmen,
cooks, dough mixers_____
Dough breakers, fruit mix
ers, servicemen, helpers__
Pie-machine operators_____
Toppers, wrappers, creampie fillers, cake icers, fruit
cleaners, women helpers,
plate washers, sorters, in
spectors_______________
Hebrew baking:
Foremen or first hands______
Second hands_____________
Bohemian baking—Bread:
Small shops—Hand:
First hands_____________
Second hands____________
Large shops—Machine:
First hands_____________
Second hands-----------------Polish baking:
Retail shops:
Day work:
Foremen, spongers______
Second hands__________
Wholesale shops:
Day work:
Foremen, spongers______
Second hands---------------Crackers and cookies:
Agreement A:
Men employees:
First mixers___________
Second mixers--------------Other men helpers:
Start-----------------------1 to 3 months_________
3 to 12 months________
1 to 2 years__________
2 to 3 years__________
Over 3 years_________
Women employees:
Start_________________
1 to 3 months__________
3 to 12 months_________
1 to 2 years____________
2 to 3 years____________
Over 3 years___________
Foremen (women)______
Agreement B:
Sponge-mixing department:
Mixers________________
Mixers’ helpers--------------
«$1,055
Wholesale—Bread:
First hands, mixers, ovenmen, spongers__________
Second hands, bench or ma
chine hands, molders or
dividers, ingredientmen
Bread and cake—Machine shops:
Agreement A:
Bread only:
Working foremen-----------Ovenmen, mixers_______
Ingredient scalers, travel
ing-oven feeders and
dumpers, soft-roll scal
ing-machine men, bench
hands, dividermen____
Dough dumpers, molders..
Bake-shop helpers:
First 90 days_________
After 90 days_________
Sorters, in sp ecto rs
(women)___________
Agreement B:
Bread department:
Working foremen-----------Mixers, ovenmen-----------Dividermen, soft-roll scal
ing-machine operators,
ingredient scalers, bench
hands, traveling-oven
dumpers and feeders___
Dough dumpers________
Bake-shop helpers_______
Helpers_______________
Sorters, women inspectors.
Cake department:
Working foremen_______
Mixers________________
Scajers, cake and yeast
oven feeders and dump
ers, cooky-machine oper
ators, bench hands____
General bakery helpers,
an washing machine
elpers, pan greasing
machine helpers, ship
ping-room helpers___
Women employees:
Foreladies___________
leers, dough handlers__
Machine feeders, wrap
pers, packers, box
workers, miscellaneousunskilled__________
Skilled (inexperienced).
Skilled (experienced)..
Agreement C:
Cake only:
Cake mixers, icing mixers,
ovenmen, first scalers,
doughnut mixers, head
cookers, ingredientmen..
Mixers’ helpers, oven help
ers, second scalers,
dumpers, truckers....... .
Pan cleaners___________
»$1,055
«1.650
81.600
» 1.650
« 1.600
«. 950
«1.140
8 1.440
5.950
«1.140
81.440
1.525
1.575
1.475
1.525
1.620
1.510
1.670
1.560
1.460
1.360
1.510
1.410
1.140
1.250
1.190
1.300
1.130
1.180
1.620
1.510
1.670
1.560
1.460
1.360
1.250
1.140
1.130
1.510
1.410
1.300
1.190
1.180
1. 620
1. 510
1.670
1.560
1.510
E
Women employees:
First month__________
After 30 days__________
After 6 months________
After 1 year___________
After 3 years__________
* 48-hour workweek.
1.140
1.190
1.130
1.060
1.180
1.010
1.060
.990
1.060
.940
1.010
1.110
1.110
1.440
1.520
1.180
1.040
1.260
1.150
.810
.860
.910
.960
.860
.910
.960
1.010
1.010
1.060
July 1, July 1,
1949,
1950,
rate per rate per
hour
hour
City and occupation
July 1, July 1,
1949,
1950,
rate per rate per
hour
hour
CHICAGO, ILL.—Continued
$1.615
$1.665
1.510
1.560
1.460
1.510
1.410
1.250
1.140
1.460
1.300
1.190
.810
.860
.910
.960
1.010
1.010
.910
.960
1.060
1.360
1.160
1.410
.830
.850
.900
.950
.880
.900
.950
1.000
1.290
1.290
1.060
.970
1.060
.970
1.000
1.210
1.050
.890
2.023
1.952
2.023
1.952
1.715
1.645
1.715
1.645
1.850
1.775
1.850
1.775
* 1.729
» 1.604
a1.729
* 1.604
1.835
1.710
1.835
1.710
1.350
1.400
1.150
1.100
(3)
.900
.950
1.000
1.050
(3)
1.050
1.100
1.125
.850
.950
1.000
(»)
1.100
1.420
1.320
1.000
1.050
1.100
1.150
1.420
1.320
* Information not available for rate and hours on July 1, 1949.
Crackers and cookies—Con.
Agreement B—Continued
Sponge-baking department:
Machine captains_______ $1.550 $1.550
Peelers-in_____________
1.490
1.490
Rollermen_____________ 1.460
1.460
Draw boys____________
1.320
1.320
Stackers______________
1.270
1.270
Sweet-mixing department:
Mixers________________ 1.470
1.470
Mixers’ helpers_________
1.370
1.370
Sweet-baking department:
Sweet-oven captains_____ 1.470
1.470
Machinemen___________ 1.370
1.370
Ovenmen’s helpers______ 1.320
1.320
Pan feeders and greasers... 1.150
1.150
Icing department:
Mixers________________ 1.420
1.420
Machinemen, mixers’help
ers_________________
1.320
1.320
Packers, machine feeders.. 1.020
1.020
Packing and wrapping de
partment:
Machinemen___________ 1.320
1. 320
Fiber-case scalers.______
1. 220
1.220
Fiber-case stitchers______ 1.170
1.170
Sponge packers; under 16oz. carton, bundlers____ 1.120
1.120
Sweet packers, pans_____ 1.120
1.120
Sponge packers, 16-oz.
carton and over_______ 1.070
1.070
Sweet packers, cartons___ 1.070
1.070
Carton and caddy formers
(women)____________ 1.070
1.070
Bag fillers, conveyors____ 1.070
1.070
Sweet packers, caddies,
feeders______________ 1.020
1.020
Glassine packers (women). 1.020
1.020
Packers, cases__________
.970
.970
Bag fillers, dump pack___
.970
.970
Agreement C:
Ovenmen_______________ 1.295
1.380
Icing department:
Machinemen___________ 1.245
1.330
Head mixers___________ 1.145
1.230
Packers_______________ 1.005
1.090
Head sample girls....... ......
1.065
Stitchers (women), cello
phane packers, sample
helpers______________
.935
1.020
Packing department:
Stacking-machine
cap
tains:
First 3 months________ 1.020
1.105
Next 3 months................ 1.245
1.330
After 6 months_______
1.430
1.345
Wrapping-machine oper
ators_______________
1.280
1.195
Scalers_______________
1.180
1.095
General helpers_________ 1.045
1.130
Carton formers, bundlers,
sponge packers_______
1.100
1.015
Sweet packers__________
1.060
.975
Trolley dippers, panners,
tailors and packers.........
1.060
(3)
Women carton and caddy
stitchers, scalers______
.935
1.020
Stacker feeders (women)_
.905 " .990
Receiving department:
Flour unloaders. . . ______ 1.215
1.300
Order fillers and stockmen. 1.175
1.260
Receiving clerks________ 1.175
1.255
Paper cutters and sugar
grinders_____________ 1.120
1.205
Shipping department:
Head shipping clerks......... 1.395
1.480
Men-in-charge, wholesale department...___ ______ 1.245
1.330
Order fillers___ _______
1.145
1.230
Stockmen_____________ 1.095
1.180
Agreement D:
Sweet-mixing department:
Mixers________________ 1.385
1.435
Helpers_____________ 1.290
1.340
Sweet-baking department:
Machinemen___________ 1.435
1.485
Ovenmen_____________ | 1.300
1.350
•42-hour workweek.
13
T able
15.— Union scales of wages and hours in the baking industry , in selected cities , July 1 , 1949 , and July 1, 1950— Con.
City and occupation
July 1, July 1,
1949,
1950,
rate per rate per
hour
hour
CHICAGO, ILL.—Con.
Crackers and cookies—Con.
Agreement D—Con.
Sweet-baking departmentcontinued
Oven relievers__________
Oven helpers__________
Pan feeders and greasers___
General helpers— ____
Icing department:
Assistant foremen..............
Machinemen___________
Mixers___________ ___
Packers_______________
Cello baggers and makers..
Machine feeders.................
Sweet-packing department:
Floor boys____ _______
Packers___ ___________
Cello baggers________ _
Floor girls_____________
Carton and caddy forming:
Women employees______
Agreement E:
Mixing and baking depart
ment:
Mixing supervisors------Baking supervisors______
Machine captains_______
Peelers, mixers_________
Working supervisors, drawmen________________
Rollermen, cuttermen, reliefmen______________
Bakers___ ___________
Oven firemen__________
Flour dumpers,
pan
dumpers____________
Battermen, pan cleaners
and feeders__________
Machine set-up men,
dough feeders________
Wrapping and packing de
partment:
Tally clerks (women)-----Sponge packers_________
Sweet packers, carton
formers, weighers, scal
ers, hand bundlers, ma
chine operators_______
Icing department:
Head mixers___________
Enrobermen___________
Stackers______________
Icing mixers___________
Helpers-----------------Jelly and marshmallowmen.
Scrappers--------------------Spreaders_____________
General bakery workers:
Ritz forming-machine op
erators____
______
General help___________
Floormen_____________
Working supervisors
(women)____________
Women helpers_________
General help (women)___
July 1, July 1,
1949,
1950,
rate per rate per
hour
hour
$1.260
1.195
1.095
.985
$1.310
1.230
1.430
1. 015
1.450
1.300
1.250
.990
.930
.920
1.500
1.350
1.300
1.030
.960
.950
1.040
.990
.930
.765
1.075
1.030
.960
.795
.940
.970
1.505
1. 505
1.485
1.425
1.560
1.560
1.540
1.480
1.405
1.460
1. 395
1.325
1.295
1.450
1.380
1.350
1.265
1.320
1.215
1.185
1.105
1.045
1.025
1.505
1.345
1.315
1.285
1.265
1.235
1.125
1.025
1.205
1.185
1.135
1.105
1.025
1.005
1.560
1.465
1.390
1.435
1.385
1.355
1.335
1.295
Crackers and cookies—Con.
Assistant mixers, order check
ers, spray-machine operators,
auto-brake operators______ $1,230
Small power truck operators,
repairmen, marshmallow
beaters, order filler, flour
dumpers, warehouse store
keepers_________________ 1.190
Sirup mixers, enrober helpers,
grinding mill operators, slotting-machine operators, or
der chaser, car packers, cheese
and fig grinders, spray-ma
chine cleaners, shortening
weighers________________ 1.150
Women employees:
Inspectors, box tapers, oven
tenders, packers, ingredi
ent weighers, machine
1.030
operators (class A)______
Machine operators (class B),
breakers, (stackers) vari
able scalers, dump fillers,
bundlers, magazine feed
ers, machine feeders, stock
clerks, nesting makers___
Carton weighers, general
helpers, supply girls, car
ton handlers and assem
blers, machine helpers and
machine operators (class
.930
C), scrap pickers_______
$1.310
1.270
1.230
1.100
1.050
1.000
CLEVELAND, OHIO
Bread and cake—Hand shops:
Agreement A:
First hands_____________
1.240
Second hands___________
Male bake-shop helpers and
shipping clerks_________
1.160
Women, all classes________
1.100
Agreement B:
Ovenmen_______________
Mixers.
1.080
Benchmen______________
Bake-shop helpers________
1.560 Bread
and cake—Machine shops:
1.400
Ovenmen, mixers, ingredient1.370
men, cake decorators______
1.340
Bench or machine hands,
1.320
doughnut-machine operators.
1.290
Mixers’ helpers, oven feeders,
1.180
helpers and dumpers, wrap
1.080
ping and slicer adjusters___
Bake-shop helpers, shippingroom helpers, bread wrap
1.260
pers and slicers__________
1.240
Pie-machine
operators (wo
1.190
men) __________________
Hand
icers
(women)________
1.160
Women employees_________
1.080
1.060 Pie and pastry shops:
Dough mixers, ovenmen____
Bake-shop helpers_________
Wrapper girls_____________
1.665 Hebrew baking:
First hands..............................
1. 578
Second hands__ __________
1.510
Cake bakers’ helpers........... ....
Other nationality baking:
1.515
Ovenmen, mixers__________
1.465
Benchmen________________
Bake-shop
helpers__________
1.435
Crackers and cookies:
Mixers, ovenmen, peelers,
1.415
cracker ovenmen, machinemen___________________
Rollers__________________
Cake-oven helpers, mixers’
helpers_________ _______
Bake-shop helpers__________
1.375
All other helpers (women)___
22t48-hour workweek.
City and occupation
July 1, July 1,
1950,
1949,
rate per rate per
hour
hour
COLUMBUS, OHIO
CINCINNATI, OHIO—Con.
CINCINNATI, OHIO
Bread and cake—Machine shops:
Foremen or first bakers_____
Ovenmen, mixers__________
Bench hands____ _________
Crackers and cookies:
Head mixers, cutting-machine
operators_______________
Reel-oven operators________
Machine set-up captains, peel
ers____________________
Upright and brake rollerman,
mixers (baking and icing),
band ovenmen......................
Assistant cutting-machine op
erators, marshmallow depos
itor operators, receiving
clerks, truck shipping clerks,
assistant reel-oven operators,
inspectors, checker captains.
145-hour workweek.
City and occupation
1.270
2 1.625
2 1.563
31.668
a1. 603
21.187
21.229
i. 933
21.625
21.625
a1.563
21.167
2 1.668
2 1.668
1.603
* 1.229
2
1.450
1.550
1.400
1.500
1.280
1.380
1.180
1.280
.960
.910
1.080
1.060
1.010
1.450
1.180
.850
1.550
1.280
11.777
11.660
U.244
11.820
U.710
11.290
31.625
* 1.563
2 1.167
»1.668
21.603
3 1.229
1.430
1.350
1.500
1.430
1.260
1.230
.930
1.330
1.300
1.000
1.010
Bread and cake—Machine shops:
Agreement A:
Mixers, ovenmen_________ $1,400
Oven feeders and dumpers... 1.300
Bench and machine opera
tors, checkers, wrappingmachine operator (set-up). 1.270
Bake-shop helpers, bread
rackers, packers, flour
blenders_____________ _
1.150
Women rackers, packers
(buns)_____ ___________ 1.150
Agreement B:
Bread department:
Mixers, oven operators___ 1.400
Mixers’ helpers, oven load
ers and unloaders, dividermen and molder oper
ators_______________
1.270
Pan rack washers_______ 1.100
Roll department:
Mixers, oven operators___ 1.400
Machinemen and ingredi
ent scalers, wrappingmachine operators____
1.270
Branch loaders and shipRoll panners, wrappingmachine helpers______
Hand icers and wrappers
(women)------------------Cake department:
Mixers, ovenmen, decora
tors________________
Machinemen, depositors. __
Cooky-machine operators
Machine helpers________
Hand icers and wrappers..
Shipping department:
Wrapping-machine opera
tors________________
Wrapping-machine help
ers, packers and shippers.
Order fillers___________
Warehouse department:
Stock-room and receiving
clerks_______________
Freight handlers and flour
dumpers____________
Agreement C:
Mixers, ovenmen_________
Oven helpers, feeders and
dumpers______________
Dividers, molders, head
wrappers, mixers’ helpers..
Molders’ helpers, pan greas
ers, bread rackers, flour
blenders, wrappingmachine helpers________
Agreement D:
Mixers_________________
Oven operators__________
Dividers, tray-oven feeders
and dumpers, doughnutmachine operators, icing
mixers_______________
Bench hands, tunnel oven
feeders and dumpers, ship
pers, molders, depositors...
Order workers___________
Helpers, panners, pan set
ters, pan greasers, blend
ers, packers___________
Agreement E:
Dough mixers, ovenmen___
Oven loaders and dumpers..
Dividermen, moldermen,
wrapping-machine opera
tors, bread panners, ship
ping and receiving clerks,
checkers---------------------Dough mixers’ helpers_____
Bread rackers, pan greasers,
flour dumpers, bench and
machine helpers, truck
loaders and helpers_____
$1,500
1.400
1.370
1.250
1.250
1.500
1.370
1.200
1.500
1.370
1.200
1.300
1.150
1.250
1.080
1.400
1.270
1.150
1.100
.980
1.500
1.370
1.250
1.200
1.080
1.270
1.370
1.150
1.050
1.250
1.150
1.160
1.260
1.110
1.210
1.400
1.500
1.300
1.400
1.270
1.370
1.150
1.250
1. 350
1.325
1.400
1. 375
1.270
1.320
1.220
1.160
1.270
1.210
1.100
1.150
1.400
1.300
1.500
1.400
1.270
1.270
1.370
1.370
1.150
1.250
14
T able
15.— Union scales of wages and hours in the baking industry, in selected cities , July 1, 1949, and July 1, 1950 — Con.
City and occupation
July 1, July 1,
1949,
1950,
rate per rate per
hour
hour
COLUMBUS, OHIO—Con.
Bread and cake—Machine shops—
Continued
Agreement F;
Working foremen-------------- $1.550 $1,650
1.500
Dough mixers, ovenmen___ 1.400
1.400
Oven loaders and dumpers__ 1.300
Dough mixers’ helpers, dividermen, moldermen,
roll-machine operators,
bread panners, shipping
and receiving clerks,
checkers, wrappingmachine operators---------- 1.270 ‘ 1.370
Flour dumpers, bench and
machine helpers, wrap
ping-machine helpers,
truck loaders and helpers,
1.250
pan greasers, bread rackers. 1.150
Pie and pastry shops:
Pie cookers and pie mixers, in
gredient scalers, and scoop1.370
1.270
ers____________________
1.250
Ovenmen_________________ 1.150
Rollers, fillers, toppers and
trimmers
.980
1.080
Crackers and cookies:
1.400
Head mixers.______________ 1.350
1.375
Ovenmen, pan pullers_______ 1.325
Machine operators, dough
1.322
mixers.................. ................. 1.270
Receiving clerks, machine
1.270
feeders, band-oven tenders__ 1.220
Dough break roll feeders, mix
1.210
ers’ helpers______________ 1.160
1.150
Ingredient scalers, stockmen__ 1.100
Ingredient scalers (women),
packers, feeders, greasers,
dumpers, cleaners, helpers
(men):
1.080
After 30 days............ ............. 1.030
Pull and catch pans, helpers,
.960
1.010
first 30 days-------------------Scrap pickers, packers, tray
and carton sealers, box
formers, machine tenders,
.950
.900
wrappers_______________
Stitchers, packers, magazine
.870
.920
feeders_________________
.820
.870
Women helpers, first 30 days__
DALLAS, TEX.
City and occupation
July 1, July 1,
1950,
1949,
rate per rate per
hour
hour
DALLAS, TEX.—Con.
Bread and cake—Machine shops—
Continued
Agreement B—Continued
Bread—Continued
Machine operators, slicingand wrapping-machine
operators, shipping
clerks_______________ i $1,310 »$1.385
Helpers, after 6 months__ 11.020 i 1.095
Pan greasers, rackers, slic
ing- and wrapping-ma
chine feeders:
i .995
First 3 months_______
(’)
After 3 months_______
1 1.045
00
1
1.095
After 6 months_______
00
Cake:
Foremen______________ 1 1.680 1 1.655
1 1. 545
Mixers________________
(3)
i 1. 495
Ovenmen_____________
(3)
Bench hands, machine
operators____________ 1 1. 310 » 1. 385
1 1.385
Ingredient scalers_______
(3)
1 1. 265
Floor ladies___________
(3)
Helpers:
1.995
First 3 months_______
(3)
1 1.045
After 3 months_______
(3)
After 6 months_______ 1 1.020 1 1.095
Wrapping-machine opera
1 1.055
tors________________
leers, wrappers:
First 6 months......... ......
1.825
(3)
After 6 months_______
1.875
(3)
After 12 months______
i
.985
2 .910
Agreement C:
Bread and cake:
Foremen______________ 1 1.550 i 1.625
Mixers________________ i 1.440 1 1.515
Ovenmen_____________ 1 1.420 1 1.495
Bench hands__________ * 1.330 1 1. 405
Wrapping-machine opera
1 1.405
tors________________
(3)
Helpers_______________ 1 1.010 i 1. 085
Crackers and cookies:
1. 280
1.280
Machine captains__________
1.255
Mixers___________________ 1.255
1.190
Ovenmen________________
1.190
1.105
Machine set-up men________ 1.105
1.100
Icing mixers (head)__ ______ 1.100
1.050
Jelly- and marshmallow-men.. 1.050
1.005
Forming-machine operators__ 1.005
.915
.915
Pan dumpers_____________
.890
.890
Pan cleaners and feeders____
.860
Floor men________________
.860
.765
.765
Scalers and weighers________
Enrobermen______________
.740
.740
Women workers:
1.005
Machine operators________ 1.005
.910
.910
Tally clerks-------------------Hand bundlers, carton form
.780
ers___________________
.780
.765
.765
Scalers and weighers______
Sponge packers and sweet
.755
.755
packers_______________
City and occupation
July 1 July 1,
1949,
1950,
rate per rate per
hour
hour
DAYTON, OHIO—Con.
Bread and cake—Semimachine
shops—Continued
Agreement B—Continued
Doughnut-machine opera
tors__________________ $1,335
Mixers’ helpers___________ 1.325
Flour blenders___________ 1.305
Pan greasers_____________ 1.260
Wrappers and packers, bread
rackers, wrapping-machine
helpers, other helpers____ 1.210
leers, wrappers, and packers. 1.040
Crackers and cookies:
Agreement A:
Machine captains_________ 1.180
Mixers:
First 2 weeks__________
1.020
3 to 4 weeks___________
1.070
After 1 month__________ 1.160
Packers and wrappers:
First 2 weeks__________
.780
3 to 4 weeks___________
.830
After 1 month__________
.920
Handlers, shippers:
First 2 weeks__________
.970
3 to 4 weeks___________
1.020
After 1 month__________ 1.110
Agreement B:
Head mixers, after 12 months. 1.465
Senior machinemen_______ 1.440
Head machinemen (packing
and band-oven), mixers,
band-oven operators and
machinemen, mixers, re
ceiving clerks__________
1.415
Band-oven laminators, after
1 year________________
1.365
Cello-bag machine operators. 1.315
Ovenmen, reel___________ 1.340
Car and truck checkers, cuttermen_______________
1.335
Receiving clerks’ helpers, reliefmen, band-oven men,
junior machinemen, sirup
mixers, store stockmen,
rippled wheat cookers....... 1.315
Reel-oven men’s helpers, car
loaders and unloaders____ 1.290
Pan feeders______________ 1.265
H. P. A. machinemen_____ 1.260
Assistant machinemen,
packing and band-oven__ 1.240
Truck loaders___________
1. 250
Paper cuttermen_________ 1.175
Icing mixers, chocolate mix
ers, sirup mixers’ helpers.. 1.220
Machine cleaners_________ 1.200
Stockmen_______________ 1.190
Utensil washing-machine
operators, carton loaders.. 1.180
Power truck operators_____ 1.100
Assortment stockmen_____ 1.160
Grinders, dough feeders,
spray machinemen, sack
cleaners_______________ 1.155
Carton formers__________
1.130
Floormen_______________ 1.130
Bundlers_______________
1.050
Sweet packers___________ 1.Q80
Sponge packers__________
1.050
Weight checkers....... ......... .
1.030
Women on base rate..............
.940
Bread and cake—Machine shops:
Agreement A:
Bread:
1.595
Foremen--------------------- 1.520
Sponge mixers, dough
1.485
1.410
mixers______________
1.465
1.390
Ovenmen_____________
Benchmen, second bakers,
twisters, dividers, slic
ing- and wrapping-ma
chine operators, check
1.375
ers (head), molders____ 1.300
Helpers, packers, pan
DAYTON, OHIO
1.055
.980
rackers, pan greasers----Cake:
Bread
and cake—Semimachine
1.595
Foremen____ _________ 1.520
shops:
1.485
1.410
Icing mixers___________
Agreement A:
1.390
1.465
Ovenmen_____________
1.525
Mixers, ovenmen_________ 1.425
Second bakers, ingredient
Oven feeders and dumpers,
scalers, loaders, ship
molders, dividers, bench1.375
ping clerks, bench hands. 1.300
DENVER, COLO.
men, wrapping-machine
1.135
Floor ladies____________ 1.060
1.475
set-up men, panners_____ 1.375
Miscellaneous employees
Bread and cake—Hand shops:
Doughnut-machine oper
1.075
.980
(men)_______________
Foremen_________________ 2 1.490
1.435
ators_________________ 1.335
Helpers, wrapping-ma
Dough mixers, ovenmen_____ 21.400
1.425
Mixers’ helpers__________
1.325
.980
1.055
chine operators, dumpers.
Bench hands______________ 2 1.350
Wrapping-machine helpers,
Hand icers, packers, wrap
1.310 Bread and cake—Machine shops:
1.210
other helpers, packers___
pers, cutters:
Foremen_________________ 1.490
leers, wrappers, packers
.730
.805
First 6 months......... ......
Dough mixers, spongers, oven
1.140
(women)_____________
1.040
.865
.790
After 6 months-----------men___________________
1.400
Agreement B:
.985
After 12 months---------.910
Bench hands, machine oper
1.525
Mixers, ovenmen_________ 1.425
ators__________________
1.350
Benchmen, machinemen,
Agreement B:
Hebrew baking—Cake and pastry:
head wrappers, head ship
Bread:
Foremen_________________ 1.490
pers, moldermen, panners,
Foremen______________ i 1.580 i 1.655
Dough mixers, spongers, oven
oven feeders and dumpers,
Mixers________________ i 1.470 i 1.545
1.375
1.475
1.400
men___________________
set-up men, dividers____
Ovenmen_____________ » 1.420 i 1.495
* Information not available for rate and hours on July 1, 1949.
2 48-hour wo:
145-hour workweek.
$1.435
1.425
1.405
1.360
1.310
1.140
1.260
1.100
1.150
1.240
.830
.880
.970
1.050
1.100
1.190
1. 515
1.490
1.465
1.415
1.415
1.390
1.385
1.365
1.340
1.315
1.310
1.310
1.300
1.290
1.270
1.250
1.240
1. 230
1.280
1.210
1.205
1.180
1.180
1.130
1.130
1.100
1.080
.940
3 1.540
* 1.450
3 1.400
1.540
1.450
1.400
1.540
1.450
15
T able
15.— Union scales of wages and hours in the baking industry , in selected cities, July 1, 1949, and July 1, 1950— Con.
City and occupation
July 1, July 1,
1949,
1950,
rate per rate per
hour
hour
DENVER, COLO.—Con.
Hebrew baking —Cake and
pastry—Con.
Bench hands, machine operators___________________
Crackers and cookies:
Agreement A:
Machine captains__ ______
Head sponge and sweet
mixers______________ r„
Bakers,________________
Peelers________ _________
Mixers, rollermen, drawmen.
Mixers’ helpers___ _______
Stackers.,.______________
General helpers (men)_____
Packing and icing depart
ments:
Icing mixers___ _______
Wrapping-machine set-up
men________________
Floormen_____________
Women employees:
Working supervisors___
Sponge packers_______
Bundlers, machine op
erators, hand bun
dlers, scalers, and
weighers___________
Agreement B:
Baking department:
Machinemen, sponge____
Machinemen, sweet_____
Peelers, overimen, sponge—
Ovenmen (sweet), sponge
reliefmen------------------Dough mixers, rollermen __
Dough feeders__________
Mixers’ helpers___ _____
Sponge ovenmen’s helpers.
Pan greasers___________
Icing room:
Machinemen; jelly, cream
and icing mixers______
Jelly, cream and icing
mixers’ helpers________
Packing department:
Wrapping and labeling
machinemen_________
Wrapping- and labelingmachine helpers______
General helpers (women) :
First month___________
Next 2 months_________
Second 3 months_______
Third 3 months________
Thereafter..___________
General helpers (men);
First month___________
Next 2 months_________
Second 3 months-----------Third 3 months________
Thereafter_____________
DES MOINES, IOWA
Bread and cake—Machine shops:
Working foremen___________
Dough mixers, ovenmen, pan
setters, pan dumpers______
Benchmen, machinemen,
shipping clerks.......... ...........
Helpers:
First 3 months____ ______
After 3 months-------------- Miscellaneous employees:
First 3 months_______ ___
After 3 months___________
Crackers and cookies:
Mixing- and baking depart
ment:
Head mixers_____________
Machinemen_____________
Peelers_______
Mixers’ helpers____ ___
Reliefmen___________
Bakers_________________
Drawmen_________ _____
Rollermen______ ______
Stackers_______ ______
Pan passers, floormen......... .
City and occupation
July 1, July 1,
1949,
1950,
rate per rate per
hour
hour
$1,400
1.330
1.385
1. 280
1.250
1.230
1.230
1.135
1.130
1.040
1.335
1.305
1. 335
1. 285
1.190
1.190
1.190
1.230
1.285
1.180
1.020
1. 235
1.140
.975
.980
1.030
1.035
.955
1.010
1.360
1.340
1.300
1.410
1. 390
1.350
1. 280
1. 230
1.160
1.130
1.120
1.100
1.330
1.280
1. 210
1.280
1.170
1.150
1.230
1.280
1.080
1.130
1.300
1.350
1.130
1.180
.770
.820
.840
.880
.910
.820
.860
.900
.940
.980
.880
.930
.950
.970
1.010
.930
.980
1.020
1.060
1.110
1. 550
1.600
1.450
1.500
1. 330
1.380
.930
1.050
.980
1.100
.930
1.000
.980
1.050
1.370
1.360
1.310
1.275
1.260
1.240
1.230
1.180
1.135
1.125
1.420
1. 410
1. 360
1.325
1. 335
1.315
1. 280
1. 230
1.185
1.175
Crackers and cookies—Con.
Packing department:
Machinemen____________ $1.105
Floormen_______________ 1.055
Sponge packers, stock boys__
Machine feeders, sample
room attendants, bundlers, carton formers------.930
Women helpers (first 30
days)___________ ____ _
Women helpers (after 30
days)___________ ___
.905
Shipping and receiving de
partment:
Order clerks_____________ 1.205
Helpers.____ ___________
1.105
$1.155
1.105
1.030
.980
.905
.955
1.255
1.155
DETROIT, MICH.
Bread and cake—Machine shops:
Agreement A:
Bread:
Mixers, oven operators___
Flour blenders, ingredient
scalers, mixers’ helpers,
dividermen, twisters and
panners, benchmen, oven
feeders, and dumpers,
molders________ ____
Pan setters, pan rackerg,
molders’helpers, pan greas
ers, fried goods___ !____
Bread rackers............ ........
Bun panners__________
Cake:
Dough mixers, icing mixers,
cooks, oven operators__
Ingredient scalers, depos
itor operators, dough
nut-machine operators—
Mixers’ helpers, depositors’
helpers, oven feeders and
dumpers, icing-machine
operators____________
Pan greasers, cutters------Decorators------------------Pan washers, all other
help—male---------------leers, all other help____ —
Sweet yeast goods:
Dough mixers, bakers,
proofers, bench leaders. .
Benchmen, doughnut fry
ers, doughnut glacers___
Flour blenders, ingredient
scalers, icing mixers and
cookers, depositors, and
dividermen__________
Oven feeders, pan greasers.
Dough feeders, scalers___
All other help—male------Panners, dumpers---------Packers, icers, all other
help_____ ______ ____
Pie:
Working leaders, pie bak
ers, cooks No. 1----------Pie dough mixers, icing or
meringue mixers, ingre
dient scalers, raw ma
terial stockroom leaders.
Cooks No. 2, pie peelers. —
All other help—male.,----All other help—female,.---Wrapping:
Wrapping-machine set-up
men________________
Bread wrappers________
Cake wrappers, bun wrap
pers, and packers--------Shipping, receiving:
Checkers______ _______
Packers_______________
Receiving and stockroom
men__________ ____
July 1, July 1,
1949,
1950,
rate per•rate per
hour
hour
DETROIT MICH.—Con.
DES MOINES, IOWA—Con.
$1.350
City and occupation
1.490
1.560
1.390
1.460
1.340
1.250
1.140
1.410
1.320
1.210
1.490
1. 560
1.390
1.460
1.340
1.270
1.240
1.410
1.340
1.310
1.230
1.070
1.300
1.140
1.490
1.560
1.440
1. 510
1.390
1.340
1.290
1.230
1.140
1.460
1.410
1.360
1.300
1.210
1.070
1.140
1.490
1. 560
1.390
1.340
1.230
1.070
1.460
1.410
1.300
1.140
1.390
1.250
1.460
1.320
1.070
1.140
1.340
1.290
1.410
1.360
1,240
1,310
Bread and cake—M ach in e
shops—Con.
Agreement B:
Bread and roll mixers:
Starting rate___________
After 2 months_________
Ovenmen, icing and filling
cookers, cake mixers:
Starting rate___________
After 2 months_________
Doughnut fryers, after 3
months_______________
Bakers—expert bench hands
(after 2 months), ingredi
ent scalers_____________
Formula men, experienced. .
Pie crust mixers:
Starting rate___________
After 2 months_________
Stockmen receivers_______
All-round bakers, benchmen:
After 2 months.................
Bread divider operators;
bread wrapping-machine
operators (startingrate).—
Bread divider operators;
after 2 months, bread oven
loaders; after 3 months,
cake depositor operators;
stockmen, bread wrap
ping-machine operators;
after 2 months--------------Cake decorators:
Starting rate__________
After 3 months_________
After 6 months_________
Pan pullers to washing ma
chine, washing-machine
operators, baking utilitymen, shipping-room serv
icemen_______________
Machine operators (not
otherwise specified), Habamfa machine operators,
bread and roll mixers’
helpers_______________
Bread panners (after 3
months)---- --------------Pan conditioners, general
bakery workers, bakery
helpers, oven helpers,
bread rackers (after 3
months)______________
Decorators______________
Bread packers, shippingroom (women):
Starting rate----------------After 1 month__________
After 3 months_________
After 6 months_________
Order girls:
Starting rate___________
After 6 months_________
Finishing department (wom
en)—general icing work
ers, layer cake icers,
bench girls, panners,
order helpers, general
bakery workers:
Starting rate----------------After 1 month--------------After 3 months..................
After 6 months...______
Agreement C:
Bread and roll department:
Mixers________________
Moldermen____________
Bench helpers__________
Panners (women)_______
Cake department:
Mixers------------------------Icers -------------------------Depositors____________
Depositors’ helpers, icers’
helpers______________
Icers (women)_________ |
$1.310
1.460
$1.310
1.460
1.290
1.440
1.290
1.440
1.440
1.440
1.410
1.400
1.410
1.400
1.260
1.380
1.370
1.260
1.380
1.370
1.360
1.360
1.170
1.170
1.310
1.310
1.030
1.190
1.290
1.030
1.190
1.290
1.290
1.290
1.260
1.260
1.240
1.240
1. 210
1.030
1.210
1.030
.770
.830
.880
.990
.770
.830
.880
.990
.770
.990
.770
.990
.770
.830
.880
.990
.770
.830
.880
.990
1.430
1.270
1.205
.935
1.516
1.346
1.276
.990
1.430
1.335
1. 270
1.516
1.415
1.345
1.205
.950
1.275
1.005
16
T a b l e 15.*— Union scales of wages and hours in the baking industry , in selected cities , July 1, 19J+9, and July 1 , 1050 — Con.
City and occupation
July 1, July 1,
1950,
1949,
rate per rate per
hour
hour
DETROIT, MICH.—Con.
City and occupation
July 1, July 1,
1950,
1949,
rate per rate per
hour
hour
145-hour workweek.
* 48-hour workweek
July 1, July 1,
1949,
1950,
rate per rate per
hour
hour
GRAND RAPIDS, MICH.—
Con.
DETROIT, MICH.—Con.
Bread and cake —M ach in e
Crackers and cookies—Con.
shops—Con.
Agreement C—Con.
Agreement C—Con.
Packing department—Con.
Coffee cake department:
Head carton formers, ma
Benchmen ...
... .. _ $1.385 $1.470
chine operators_______ $1,110
Mixers’ helpers_________ 1.205
1.275
Sweet packers, hand car
Muffin girls____________
1.030
.970
ton formers, ‘*Q” form
Finishers, general utility,
ers, stitchers, weighers,
leaders (women)______
1.050
.965
closers, hand bundlers,
Fried cake department:
cripple pickers, filling1.575
Fried cake makers______
1.485
machine operators, seal1.275
Fried cake helpers______
1.205
' ers, staplers, sampleScaling and flour blending
room weight clerks, “S”
department:
packers and “S” formers. 1.100
1.615
Oven No. 1, leaders_____ 1.450
Scalers, leaders_________ 1.340
1.445
DULUTH, MINN.
1.345
Scalers, blenders________ 1.270
General utility_________ 1.180
1.345 Bread and cake—Hand shops:
Panners (women)_______
.990
.935
Foremen_________________ *1.556
Specialty department:
Mixers, ovenmen___________ *1.304
Decorators____________ 1.445
1.530
Bench hands______________ *1.246
General utility_________ 1.115
1.180
Hand wrappers and packers:
1.125
Decorator No. 1 (women).. 1.060
First 100 days___________ 2.738
1.060
Decorator No. 2 (women).. 1.000
After 100 days___________ 2.799
Decorator No. 3 (women)..
.935
.990
Foremen (women)_________ 2 . 9 4 2
Panners (women)..............
.990
.935
Helpers:
Cooky department:
After 600 days___________ 21.043
Mixers.___ ___________
1.430
1.515 Bread
and cake—Machine shops:
Depositors____________
1.270
1.345
1.570
Working
foremen__________
Packing leaders (women)
.985
1.090
Dough
mixers, ovenmen__ i__ 1.420
Packers (women)_______
.935
.999
Bench hands, doughnutGeneral utility women.......
.895
.990
machine operators________ 1.350
Hebrew baking:
Machinemen (dividers and
First hands (1 or 2 ovens)........ i 2.333 i 2.333
molders),
wrapping-machineSecond hands_____________ i 2.222 i 2.222
operators_______________ 1.270
Helpers
i 1.667 i 1.667
Stockmen,
receiving
clerks___ 1.190
Polish baking:
Helpers:
First hands (either handling
After 600 days___________ 1.165
2 ovens or mixing dough)__ 1.825
1.825
.910
Dishwashers______________
First hands (1 oven)________ 1.775
1.775
Hand wrappers and packers:
Second hands and partial
First
100
days......................
(8)
dough mixers____________ 1.680
1.680
After 100 days___________
(3)
Second hands (1 oven)______ 1.605
1.605
Shipping department:
Crackers and cookies:
Shipping clerks (when only
Agreement A:
1 clerk on duty in a plant) _ 1.300
.........
Mixers
1.470
1.490
Shipping clerks, after 90
Workers (women):
1.185
days--------------------------Starting rate___________
.950
.990
After 1 month__________ 1.050
1.070 Pie and pastry shops:
Bakers----------------------------- 1.300
Agreement B:
Women employees:
Mixers:
.735
First 150 days___________
Starting rate___________ 1.370
1.390
After 150 days___________
After 1 month__________ 1.470
1.490
Helpers (men):
Crackers and cookies:
Starting rate___________ 1.110
Men employees:
1.140
After 1 month__________ 1.200
Foremen_______________
1.550
1.230
1.215
Helpers (women):
Inexperienced___________
Starting rate__________
Experienced_____________ 1.385
.950
.990
Women employees:
After 1 month__________ 1.050
1.070
Foremen___ ___________
Agreement C:
.980
.845
Inexperienced (first 300 days)
Baking, mixing and assem
Experienced (after 300 days).
bly department:
.890
Machine captains_______
1.490
1.540
EL PASO, TEX.
Peelers_______________
1.460
1.510
Sponge or sweet mixers___ 1.430
1.480
Bakers, sponge_________ 1.410
1.460 Bread and cake—Machine shops:
Dough mixers_____________ 1.280
Sponge-roller men, sweetOvenmen________________
oven men, oven firemen. 1.380
1.210
1.430
Dividers, scalers, and machine
Assemblymen No. 1,
bread
wrappers__________
sponge drawmen
1.110
1.360
1.410
Oven helpers, and doughnut
Flour dumpers_________ 1.310
1.360
fryers____________
______
1.070
Ritz mixers____________ 1.380
1.430
Bench hands______________ 1.040
Stackers, pan cleaners,
Molders__________________
.970
Ritz-roller men, pan
Bread rackers (oven)_______
.950
feeders, mixers’ helpers.. 1.260
1.310
Molders’
helpers,
twisters,
panIcing department:
ners,
dough
mixers’
helpers..
.930
Working assistant foremen.. 1.510
1.560
Wrapping-machine helpers,
Head mixers (icing)_____ 1.460
1.510
cake
wrappers,
bench
work
Machine operators______
1.110
1.160
ers, pan greasers, icers and
Icing packers___ _______ 1.090
1.140
helpers_________________
.910
Other helpers__________
1.080
1.130
Packing department:
GRAND RAPIDS, MICH.
Working supervisors (men). 1.360
1.410
Machine set-up men_____ 1.360
1.410 Bread and cake—Machine shops:
Floormen_____________
1. 260
Agreement A:
1.310
Working supervisors (wom
Mixers_________________
1.350
en) ___ ____________ 1.160
Divider operators________
1.210
1.250
City and occupation
$1.160
1.150
*1.606
*1.354
*1.296
*.788
*.849
*.992
21.093
1.340
1.240
1.215
.930
.910
.990
1.420
1.235
1.370
.775
.870
1.640
1.285
1.465
1.050
.875
1.280
1.210
1.110
1.070
1.040
.970
.950
.930
.910
1.450
1.400
Bread and cake—M a c h in e
shops—Con.
Agreement A—Con.
Shipping clerks, wrappingmachine set-up operators,
molders_____ *______ _
$1,200
Doughnut-machine oper
ators_________________ 1.150
Order fillers___ _________ 1.200
Observers_______________ 1.200
Stockmen______________ _ 1.100
Women cake-shop employees.
.980
Agreement B:
Bread department:
Foremen, mixers, dividermen, head ovenmen___ 1.370
Oven feeders and dumpers. 1.270
Benchmen, molders, ma
chine wrappers_______
1.220
Pan rackers, hand wrap
pers (women), mixers’
helpers, ingredientmen,
an greasers, general
elpers, bread rackers... 1.120
Agreement C:
Bread department:
Dough mixers? oven oper
ators, wrapping-machine
set-up men, bun- and
roll-machine operators. __ 1.450
Divider operators_______ 1.350
Oven dumpers and loaders. 1.300
Checkers, molders---------- 1. 250
Pan catchers, ingredient
scalers, loaders, flour
dumpers_____________ 1.200
Dough mixers’ helpers,
molders’ helpers, bread
boxers, pan greasers........ 1.150
Miscellaneous help:
Starting rate--------------.850
After 60 days_________
.900
After 6 months_______
1.000
Cake department:
Mixers________________ 1.450
Wrapping-machine oper
ators________________ 1.400
Doughnut-machine opera
tors, depositor operators. 1.350
Oven dumpers----------------- 1. 300
Oven loaders____________ 1.200
Miscellaneous help:
Starting rate___________
.850
After 60 days---------------.900
After 6 months_________ 1.000
Agreement D:
Ovenmen, cake mixers_____ 1. 360
Ingredient scalers-------------- 1.310
Wrapping-machine opera
tors__________________ 1.260
Benchmen______________ 1.210
Oven loaders and dumpers,
depositor operators,
cooky-machine operators,
pan greasers, order fillers,
stockroom helpers_______ 1.160
Bread rackers, wrappingmachine operators’ help
ers, foremen (women)........ 1.110
Pan rackers, shop helpers__ 1.060
Cake icers and wrappers
(women)______________
.980
M iscellaneous helpers
(women)______________
.960
Agreement E:
Mixers, doughnut-machine
operators, stockmen_____ 1.330 •
Divider operators, cake-oven
operators, bench hands,
bread-oven dumpers_____ 1.280
Shipping clerks__________
1.255
Molders, oven feeders and
dumpers, depositor oper
ators, wrapping-machine
set-up operators,order fillers. 1.230
Helpers_________________ 1.180
Doughnut packing-machine
operators (women)..,___ 1.060
E
3Information ijot available for rate and hours on July 1, 1949.
$1.350
1.350
1.300
1.250
1.250
1.080
1.420
1.320
1.270
1.170
1.475
1.375
1.325
1.275
1.225
1.175
.875
.925
1.025
1.475
1.425
1. 375
1. 325
1.225
.875
.925
1.025
1.440
1. 390
1.340
1. 290
1.240
1.190
1.140
1.060
1.040
1.330
1.280
1.255
1.230
1.180
1.060
17
T able
15.-— Union scales of wages and hours in the baking industry, in selected cities, July 1, 1949, and July 1, 1950— Con.
City and occupation
July 1, July 1,
1960,
1949,
rate per rate per
hour
hour
GRAND RAPIDS, MICH.—
Con.
Bread and cake —M a ch in e
shops—Con.
Agreement E—Con.
Cake-shop em ployees
(women)______________
$ 1.010
$ 1 .0 1 0
1.575
1.400
1.350
1.300
1.575
1.400
1.350
1.300
1.575
1.575
1.400
1.350
1.400
1.350
1.300
1.150
1.300
1.150
HOUSTON, TEX.
Bread—Hand shops:
Foremen_________________
Dough mixers_____________
Ovenmen_________________
Benchmen________________
Bread and cake—Machine shops:
Foremen_________________
Dough mixers, icing mixers,
spongers________________
Ovenmen_________ _______
Benchmen, machinemen,
counters, checkers, oven
dumpers or loaders, weighup men, scaling-machine op
erators, cake dumpers, ingre
dient scalers_____________
Wrappers_________________
Pan and bread rackers, greas
ing-machine operators_____
Women workers:
Checkers_______________
Cake-wrapping-machine op
erators________________
Hand icers______________
Crackers and cookies:
Mixers, sponge_____________
Bakers___________________
Machinemen______________
Mixers, icing______________
Rollermen________________
Mixers’ helpers (icing)_______
Dough feeders_____________
Mixers’ helpers____________
Machine set-up men________
Floormen (packing and icing).
Floormen (baking)_________
Scalers and weighers________
Women workers:
Working supervisors______
Machine operators________
Packers:
First 60 days___________
After 60 days__________
Helpers, icing____________
1.125
1.125
1.300
1.300
.980
.910
.980
.910
1.015
1.505
1. 505
1.405
1.405
1. 355
1.305
1.305
1.305
1.305
1.205
1.205
1.105
1.100
1.010
1.205
1.105
1.010
1.065
1.085
1.065
1.400
1.300
1.270
1.220
1.270
1.200
1.170
1.150
1.120
1.030
.990
INDIANAPOLIS, IND.
Bread and cake—Machine shops:
Agreement A:
Bread department:
Oven leadmen__________
Mixers________________
Oven feeders and dump
ers, dividermen, moldermen, bench and machine
hands, roll-machine op
erators, head wrappers,
slicers_______________
Twisters______________
Bake-shop helpers, wrap
pers and sackers, pack
ers, pan greasers, flour
dumpers_____________
Cleaners______________
Cake department:
Bench hands, ovenmen,
doughnut-machine oper
ators, regular mixers___
Scaling-machine operators.
Dumpers, pan boys, help
ers_________________
W rappers and icers
(women)____________
Agreement B:
Bread only:
Oven operators, dough
mixers, make-up super
visors_______________
Molders, dividers, rollmachine operators, ma
chine and bench hands,
oven helpers, wrappingmachine operators_____
1.500
1.400
1.350
1.250
1.150
1.050
1.480
1.430
1.330
1.230
1.130
1.400
1.350
1.480
1.430
1.150
1.230
1.020
1.100
1.400
1.480
1.350
1.430
City and occupation
July 1, July 1,
1950,
1949,
rate per rate per
hour
hour
City and occupation
INDIANAPOLIS, IND.—Con.
INDIANAPOLIS. IND.—Con.
Bread and cake—Machine shops—
Con.
Agreement B—Con.
Bread only—Con.
Bread checkers_________ $1,300
Bread and bun panners__ 1.250
Bread rackers, pan greas
ers, bread carton fillers,
order fillers, helpers,
wrapping-machine oper
ators’ helpers_________ 1.150
Flour dumpers, stockroom
helpers______________ 1.100
Cleaners, pan-room help
ers, bun wrappers_____ 1.050
Agreement C:
Bread only:
Mixers, oven operators__ 1.400
Bread shipping supervi
sors, machine make-up
supervisors__________
1.400
Wrapping-machine opera
tors, machine and bench
hands______________
1.350
Ingredientmen......... ......... 1.320
Helpers_______________ 1.150
Stockroom helpers______ 1.100
Cleaners and pan-room
helpers__________ ___ 1.050
Agreement D:
Bread department:
Scalers, oven operators,
mixers______________ 1.400
Dividermen, ovenmen___ 1.350
Molders, machinemen___ 1.300
Shipping-room and other
helpers______________ 1.150
Cake department:
Ingredient scalers, mixers,
icing mixers, depositormen, ovenmen, wrap
ping-machine operators— 1.400
Depositors’ helpers, dump
ers_________________ 1.200
Shipping-room and other
helpers______________ 1.150
Women workers:
.940
Starting_____________
.980
After 4 months_______
After 8 months_______ 1.020
1 year or more________ 1.060
Agreement E:
Bread department:
Dough mixers, oven opera
tors, bread shipping su
pervisors____________ 1.400
Machine and bench hands,
oven helpers, bread ma
chine wrappers_______ 1.350
Bread checkers_________ 1.300
Order fillers, wrapping1.150
machine helpers______
Stockroom helpers______ 1.100
Cleaners and pan-room
helpers....... .................... 1.050
Cake department:
Mixers, cake and icing___ 1.400
Depositor operators, bench
hands, scaling-machine
operators, oven helpers.. ■ 1.350
Ingredient scalers_______ 1.320
Checkers______________ 1.300
Foremen (women)______ 1.220
Helpers_______________ 1.150
Pan cleaners___________ 1.050
Icers_________________ 1.020
Agreement F:
Bread only:
Dough mixers, make-up
supervisors, oven opera
1.400
tors________________
Machine bench hands,
oven helpers, molders,
dividers, roll-machine
operators, wrappingmachine operators-------- 1.350
Bread checkers_________ 1.300
Panners______ ___ ___ 1.250
Bread and cake —M ach in e
shops—Con.
Agreement F—Con.
Bread only—Con.
Wrapping-machine opera
tors’ helpers, bread rack
ers, pan greasers, carton
fillers, order fillers_____
Flour dumpers, stockroom
helpers______________
Bun wrappers, cleaners
and pan-room helpers,
bun slicers____ _______
Agreement G:
Oven operators, lead men__
Dough mixers, doughnutmachine operators______
Roll-machine operators, di
viders, molders, oven feed
ers and dumpers, wrap
ping-machine operators,
selectors, reliefmen______
Pan greasers_____________
Flour blenders___________
Stock handlers, Oliver wrap
pers________ ____ ____
Bread rackers and panners __
General helpers (women)__
Agreement H:
Bread department:
Dough mixers, ovenmen__
Bench hands, dough mix
ers’ helpers, oven loaders
and dumpers, machine
and bench hands, divid
ers, m olders, rollmachine operators,
wrapping-machine oper
ators_______________
Oven helpers, bread pan
ners________________
Bread helpers, pan greas
ers and setters, bread
rackers, w rapp in gmachine operators’
helpers______________
Roll helpers___________
Icers and wrappers______
Cake department:
Mixers, oven operators___
Bench and machine hands.
Order fillers___________
General helpers, pan-room
helpers, stockroom help
ers_________________
Icers_________________
Pie and pastry shops:
Pie filling cookers, oven
operators_______________
Ingredient scalers, machine
operators_______________
Rollers, fillers, trimmers, top
pers___________________
$1.380
1.330
1.230
1.180
1.130
1.480
1.480
1.430
1.400
1.230
1.180
1.130
1.480
1.430
1.430
1.230
1.480
1.280
1.230
1.020
1.060
1.100
1.140
1.480
1.430
1.380
1.230
1.180
1.130
JACKSON, MISS.
1.480
Bread and cake—Machine shops:
Bread:
Foremen_______________
Dough mixers, ovenmen
(head)________________
Dividermen, roll-machine
operators, head wrappingmachine operators______
Oven loaders and dumpers..
Molders________________
Panners________________
Wrapping-machine opera
tors__________________
Roll-oven men___________
Pan greasers, bread rackers. _
Cake:
Foremen, head mixers_____
Mixers_________________
Ovenmen_______________
Depositor operators, greas
ing-machine operators___
Foreladies______________
1.430
1.400
1.380
1.300
1.230
1.130
1.100
1.480
1.430
1.380
1.330
July 1, July 1,
1949,
1950,
rate per rate per
hour
hour
$1.150
$1.230
1.100
1.180
1.050
1.130
1.555
1.620
1.455
1.520
1.355
1.305
1.235
1.420
1.370
1.300
1.185
1.135
1.085
1.150
1.400
1.480
1.250
1.200
1.350
1.430
1.250
1.330
1.150
1.050
1.020
1.230
1.130
1.100
1.400
1.350
1.150
1.480
1.430
1.230
1.050
1.020
1.130
1.100
1.350
1.430
1.320
1.400
1.020
1.100
1.130
1.130
1.110
1.110
1.070
1.040
1.020
1.000
1.070
1.040
1.020
1.000
.980
?950
.890
.980
.950
.890
1.090
1.030
.930
1.090
1. 030
.930
.830
.820
.830
.820
18
T able
15.— Union scales of wages and hours in the baking industry, in selected cities, July 1, 194,9, and July l y 1950—Con.
City and occupation
July 1, July 1,
1950,
1949,
rate per rate per
hour
hour
$0.790
.800
.860
.790
.800
.860
.950
.890
JACKSONVILLE, FLA.
1.200
1.150
1.100
1.250
1.200
1.150
1.050
1.100
.975
1.000
.900
.925
(3
.875
1.280
1.180
1.280
1.180
00
.900
1.080
1.060
1.000
1.060
1.000
.970
.870
.970
.870
1.180
1.140
1.060
1.020
1.180
1.140
1.060
1.020
.920
.870
.920
.870
.870
.870
KANSAS CITY, MO.
Bread and cake—Machine shops:
Foremen-------------------------Ovenmen, drawers, mixers,
spongers________________
Bench hands______________
Auxiliary foremen__________
Foremen (women)-------------Wrappers, irfgredientmen, icing
makers, head checkers..........
Men helpers, cake dumpers,
pan greasers, bread rackers,
flour dumpers, checkers-----Women helpers, checkers, cut
ters, auxiliary workers, hand
icers, packers, wrappers------
1.750
1.850
1.640
1.550
1.290
1.210
1.740
1.650
1.390
1.310
1.190
1.290
1.090
1.190
1.010
1.110
Crackers and cookies:
Agreement A:
Head mixers
$1.450
Head icing-mom men
1.310
Head machinemen. ______ 1.300
Ovenmen, mixers.
1.190
R.nllermen
1.140
Mixers’ helpers
1.095
Wrapping-machine operators.
.990
Sandwich-machine feeders. __ .990
Cracker packers__________
.945
Sweet-work wrappers and
bundlers (women) _
.905
Cookv packers _
.865
Agreement B:
Machine captains, head mix
ers
1.290
Working supervisors (men).. 1.290
Mixers
1.250
Peelers
1.240
Paper stockmen
1.190
Icing mixers
.... .
1.190
Bakers
1.190
Receiving clerks
1.120
A s s e m b le r s
1.160
Drawers (sponge and sweet),
rollermen _
1.155
Cone bakers, machine oper
ators________ ____ ____ 1.140
Mixers’ helpers, assemblers’
helpers
1.120
Warehousemen
1.100
Cone mixers
1.090
Dough feeders, flour dump
ers
1.090
Sack binders, car loaders,
machine set-up men
1.070
Working supervisors (wom
en), stackers .
1.040
Pan cleaners, pan dumpers,
graham-pan feeders, conveyormen_____________ 1.020
Cone packers
.990
Women icing-machine oper
ators, sponge packers____
.965
Women machine carton
formers, packers, sealers,
.945
weighers, sweet packers__
Women helpers
.920
Agreement C:
Bake shop (sponge):
Machinemen, head sponge
mixers
1.360
Sponge mixers
1.310
Ovenmen _
1.250
Mixers’ helpers_________ 1.200
Dough feeders
1.150
Tally clerks
1.130
Sack cleaners, miscellane
ous floor workers______ 1.040
Bake shop (sweet):
Machinemen _
1.385
Head mixers
1.360
Ovenmen. _
.
1.250
Mixers’ helpers
1.200
Dough feeders
1.150
Miscellaneous workers___ 1.040
Icing department:
Machinemen
1.280
Icing mixers _ ........... .
1.230
Cooks
. _
1.210
Tray washers
1.050
Supply girls.
.950
Packing department:
Sponge packing:
Packers No. 22 cartons
(standard crews)____ 1.005
C on veyor packers
(standard crews),
packers from packing
tables
.980
Caddy workers
___
.980
Sweet packing:
Flourmen truckers
1.150
Graham packers
.980
Regular packers, hand
.980
carton formers______
* Information not available for rate and hours on July 1, 1949.
July 1, July 1,
1949,
1950,
rate per rate per
hour
hour
KANSAS CITY, MO.—Con.
JACKSON, MISS.—Con.
Bread and cake—Machine shops—
Con.
Cake—Con.
Icers, packers, wrappers:
First 4 weeks__________ $0.790
From 4 weeks to 6 months.
.800
After 6 months_________
.860
Bread and cake:
Helpers:
.790
First 4 weeks____________
.800
Second 4 weeks__________
.860
After 8 weeks____________
Shipping:
Foremen___ __________
.950
Checkers__ __________
.890
Bread and cake—Machine shops:
Agreement A:
Oven operators, mixers,
doughnut-machineoperators.
Dividers, depositors, benchmen, wrapping-machine
operators______________
Checkers, molders, roll-ma
chine operators-------------Benchmen (second class),
ingredient scalers, icers,
decorators, stock clerks__
Oven loaders and dumpers,
shipping selectors, icingmachine operators______
Cake icers, panners, flour
dumpers, pan greasers,
twisters, molders’ helpers,
bread rackers---------------Bakers’ helpers, doughnut
packers and catchers,
cake cutters, packagers,
wrappers, sugar-machine
operators, carton makers,
catchers:
First 6 months............ ......
After 6 months..................
After 12 months------------Agreement B:
Bread:
Foremen, working---------Mixers----------------- ------Wrapping-machine opera
tors------- -----------------Ingredient scalers, divi
ders, benchmen----------Molder operators................
Feeders and dumpers____
Wrapping-machine help
ers—
Helpers_______________
Cake:
Mixers, icing makers_____
Ovenmen_____________
Scalers-----------------------Foreladies_____________
Wrapping-machine opera
tors (women)_________
Helpers (women), icers__
Shipping:
Checkers, helpers_______
City and occupation
City and occupation
July 1, July 1,
1950,
1949,
rate per rate per
hour
hour
KANSAS CITY, MO.—Con.
$1.530
1.380
1.400
1. 300
1.140
1.200
1.140
1.000
1.000
1.450
1.345
1.410
1.400
1.380
1.350
1. 350
1. 330
1.320
1.315
1.300
1.250
Crackers and cookies—Con.
Agreement C—Con.
Packing department—Con.
Sweet packing—Con.
Tally clerks, cello-bag
operators, supply girls,
scalers, machine feed
ers________________ $0.950
Caddy stitchers, general
workers, repackers___
.850
Label room:
Machinemen_________
1.350
Assistant machinemen_ 1.300
Truckmen, supplymen._ 1.150
Scalers______________ 1.090
Bundlers____________
.970
Closing-machine opera
tors, machine opera
tors and feeders_____
.950
Stack caddies, general
workers (casers, hand
wrappers)__________
.850
Shipping department:
Head checkers.......... ......... 1.220
Checkers--------------------- 1.170
Carloaders, order fillers,
packers, checkers, stockmen________________ 1.150
Receiving and warehouse:
Checkers______________ 1.270
Requisition clerks, paper
cutters______________ 1.170
Car unloaders__________ 1.150
1.250
KNOXVILLE, TENN.
1.230
Bread—Machine shops:
Mixers, head ovenmen______
Head machinemen_________
Wrapping-machine operators,
automatic roll-machine oper
ators, loaders, dumpers,
shipping clerks___________
Panners--------------------------Mixers’ helpers____________
Roll panners, pan rackers____
Wrapper feeders, bread rack
ers, shipping clerks' helpers.
1.200
1.180
1.150
1.125
1.105
$ 1.020
.900
1.410
1.360
1.200
1.160
1.040
1.020
.900
1.280
1.210
1.210
1. 280
1.210
1. 210
1.170
1.170
1.000
.920
1.000
.960
.920
.860
.810
.810
1.400
1.480
1.290
1.370
1.290
1.110
1.110
LITTLE ROCK, ARK.
1.430
1.260
1.200
1.190
1.090
1.430
1.43Q
1.4Q0
1.260
1.2b0
1.090
1.360
1.310
1.310
1.090
1.020
1.070
1.070
1.050
1.200
1.070
1.050
Bread and cake—Machine shops:
Agreement A:
Bread:
Foremen______________
Mixers, ovenmen, checkers
(head)______________
Dividers______________
Benchmen, molding-ma
chine operators, ma
chinemen, wrappingmachine operators_____
Stockroom clerks, assist
ant checkers_________ ^
Assistant wrapping-ma
chine operators_______
Helpers:
First 6 months________
7 to 12 months________
After 12 months....... ......
Cake:
Mixers, ovenmen_______
Scalers, ingredientmen___
Deposit-machine helpers_
Women workers:
Floorladies___ _______
Pan girls, boxers, icers,
checkers, wrappers,
packers:
First 3 months................
Second 3 months______
After 6 months_______
Agreement B:
Bread:
Foremen______________
Mixers, ovenmen, check
ers (head)___________
Dividers______________
1.220
1.160
1.110
1.180
1.030
1.090
.920
.970
.910
.980
1.030
1.170
1.110
1.260
1.180
1.070
.740
.810
.800
.860
.910
1.400
1.480
1.220
1.370
1.290
1.030
19
T able
15. — Union scales of wages and hours in the baking industry, in selected cities, July 1, 1949, and July 1, 1950—Con.
City and occupation
July 1, July 1,
1950,
1949,
rate per rate per
hour
hour
LITTLE ROCK, ARK.—Con.
LOS ANGELES, CALIF.
248-hour workweek.
July 1, July 1,
1949,
1950,
rate per rate per
hour
hour
1 >
7CC
411.
(OO
4 1. OOO
21. 525
21. 255
Bread and cake—M achine
shops—Continued
Agreement C—Continued
Women employees:
leers_________________
Machine wrappers______
Experienced help_______
$1.230
Inexperienced help______
1.180 Pie and pastry shops:
Foremen_________________
Head ovenmen____________
1.090
Head cream cooks, fruit cooks.
Dough mixers___ ___ _____
.910
.980
Head checkers___ ___ _____
Second ovenmen......................
1.030
Topping baggers___________
Second cream cooks________
Scalers___________________
1.480
Rollermen________________
Toppers_________________
1.370
Foremen (women)_________
1.290
Helpers._________________
Packers and wrappers______
Hebrew
baking—Bread:
1.230
First hands_______________
Second
hands_____________
L 180
French baking—Machine shops:
Foremen,
ovenmen, mixers---1.090
Mixers, ovenmen under a fore
man___________________
.910
Benchmen________________
. 980
Machine operators, hand wrap
1.030
pers____ _______________
Helpers:
1.370
First year_______________
1.290
Second year_____________
1.290 Crackers and cookies:
Head mixers, icing_________
Ovenmen, cuttermen, reliefmen, peelers_____________
1.230
Mixers_____________
____ _
1.040
Rollermen________________
Flour
dumpers,
dough
feeders,
.910
pan cleaners and feeders,
pan dumpers____________
Forming-machine operators,
sponge packers, spreaders,
sponge stackers, head bun1 oQU
AO
K
J99 1.
dlers, scalers, weighers____
I
7A
C
*1. /UO
Sweet packers_____________
21. 575
21.305
LOUISVILLE, KY.
2.000
1.900
1.810
2.050
1.950
1.860
2.000
2.050
1.900
1.810
1.810
1.950
1.860
1.860
1.810
1.810
1.640
1.860
1.860
1.690
1.490
1.490
1.470
1. 540
1. 540
1.520
1.420
1.470
2.000
2.050
1.900
1.810
1.950
1.860
1.810
1.650
1.490
1.450
1.400
1.290
1.860
1.700
1.540
1.500
1.450
1.340
$1,240
1.190
1.130
1.000
$1,290
1.240
1.180
1.050
1.820
1.720
1.720
1.720
1.450
1.450
1.450
1.450
1.400
1.400
1.290
1.190
1.180
1.080
1.870
1.770
1.770
1. 770
1.500
1.500
1.500
1.500
1.450
1.450
1.340
1.240
1.280
1.130
»2.071
«1.906
»2.071
«1.906
41. 770
4 1.840
4 1. 620
41. 520
41.690
41. 590
41.320
41.390
4 1.170
41.270
4 1.240
4 1.340
1.505
1.505
1.455
1.413
1.390
1.455
1.413
1.390
1.293
1.293
.978
.940
.978
.940
Bread and cake—Machine shops:
Agreement A:
First mixers_____________ 1.340
Ovenmen, dumpers, feeders.. 1.310
Second cake mixers, wrap
ping-machine operators,
first hands, divider opera
tors, molders, utilitymen,
first slicers, roll benchmen. 1.290
Head packers and checkers.. 1.260
Cake benchmen__________ 1.240
Mixers’ helpers, pan rackers
stockmen, packers and
checkers, first class--------- 1.210
Bread panners, twisters, set
ters, flour dumpers______ 1.120
Rackers, pan greasers, help
ers (men), after 4 months.. 1.050
Foremen (women)________ 1.000
Women production workers,
after 4 months_________ _
.970
Women icers, wrappers and
finishers______________
.950
Agreement B:
1.430
Ovenmen, cake__________
Mixers_________ _______
1.330
Dividers, ovenmen, feeders
and dumpers, machine
operators____ _________ 1.280
Mixers’ helpers, molders, re
liefmen_____ _____ ____ 1.230
Bread rackers_____ ______ 1.180
Pan spotters, machine pan
greasers_______________ 1.150
4 44-hour workweek.
City and occupation
July 1, July 1,
1950,
1949,
rate per rate per
hour
hour
LOUISVILLE, KY.—Con.
LOS ANGELES, CALIF.-Con.
Bread a n d cake—Machine
shops—Continued
Agreement B—Continued
Bread—Continued
Benchmen, molding-ma
chine operators, wrap
ping-machine operators. , $1,160
Stockroom clerks, assist
ant checkers_________
1.110
Assistant wrapping-ma
chine operators_______
1.030
Helpers:
First 6 months_______
.860
7 to 12 months.............
.920
After 12 months............
.970
Agreement C:
Bread:
Foremen______________ 1.400
Mixers, ovenmen, check
ers (head)___________
1.290
Dividers_____..________
1.220
Benchmen, molding-ma
chine operators, wrap
ping-machine operators.. 1.160
Stockroom clerks, assistant
checkers.......................... 1 110
Assistant wrapping-ma
chine operators..... ......... 1.030
Helpers:
. RfiO
First 6 months......... ......
.920
7 to 12 months________
After 12 months______
.970
Cake:
Ovenmen, mixers_______ 1.290
Depositor operators_____
1.160
Dividermen (cinnam on
roll)________________ 1.120
Icing-machine operators,
cinnamon - roll - machine
operators____________ 1.160
Floorladies____________
. 980
leers, wrappers, pan girls,
packers, checkers, boxers.
.860
Bread—Hand shops:
Working foremen__________
Mixers, ovenmen__________
Benchmen________________
Helpers__________________
Bread and cake—Machine shops:
Agreement A:
Foremen_______________
Ovenmen, dough mixers___
Benchmen______________
Agreement B:
Foremen____ __________
Dough mixers, ovenmen,
doughnutmen__________
Machine and bench hands._.
Dough mixers’ helpers____
Twisters, moldermen, oven
dumpers______________
Oven feeders, ingredientmen.
Machinemen____________
Machine and bench-hand
helpers, flour dumpers,
bread rackers__________
Pan washers, greasers...........
Hand wrappers__________
Conveyormen, tailers, bun
slicers, packers_________
Agreement C:
Foremen___ ___________
Ovenmen, mixers, icing mix
ers______ ____________
Bench hands____________
Machine operators, deposi
tors__________________
Ingredient scalers________
Oven helpers____________
Auxiliary workers________
Packers and helpers______
Pan washers, unskilled help.
City and occupation
1.400
1.370
1.350
1. 320
1. 300
1.270
1.180
1.110
1.050
1.020
1.000
1.480
1.380
1.330
1.280
1. 230
1.200
Bread and cake—M ach in e
shops—Continued
Agreement B—Continued
General helpers, packers,
order fillers, wrappers’
helpers----------------------- $1.130
Flour blenders----------------- 1.000
Agreement C:
Mixers_________________
1.355
Dividers, molders, deposi
tors, oven feeders and
dumpers, doughnutmachine operators, bread
ingredient scalers, ship
ping clerks, checkers.......... 1.305
Stockkeepers, twisters_____ 1.230
General helpers__________ 1.100
Flour dumpers, machine
cleaners_______________ 1.060
Women helpers (cake shop)..
.960
Agreement D:
Head mixers____________
1.375
Mixers, ovenmen, feeders,
shipping and receiving
clerks________________
1.355
Machinemen, head checkers,
head wrappers and slicers
(machine)_____________ 1. 295
Dumpers_______________
1.265
Flour dumpers, general help
ers___________________ 1.195
Wrapping- and slicingmachine helpers, pan rack
ers, greasers, mixers’ help
ers..................................... 1.185
Bread rackers, bench and
machine helpers________ 1.145
Agreement E:
Dough mixers----------------1.405
Batchmen, ingredientmen,
oven operators_________
1.395
Utilitymen, dough mixers’
helpers_______________
1.335
Head packers and checkers.. 1.305
Dividers, roll-machine oper
ators—
1.285
Ovenmen, feeders and
dumpers---------------------- 1.255
Wrapping-machine operators
(bread)_______________ 1.255
Roll-machine helpers, panners, reliefmen after 60
days, pan greasers, pan
rackers, molders____ ,___
1.235
Flour blenders, dumpers___ 1.185
Packers’ helpers...,.______
1.155
Wrapping-machine operators
(rolls)------------------------- 1.145
Wrapping-machine opera
tors’ helpers (bread)_____ 1.135
Bakery helpers, mixers’
helpers----------------------1.125
Wrapping-machine helpers
(rolls), women bread rack
ers___________________ 1.095
Krum employees, roll boxers.
.995
Agreement F:
Oven operators__________
1.470
Mixers_________________
1.420
Divider operators, molder
operators, benchmen, rollmachine operators, bread
feeders and dumpers, cakeoven feeders_________
1. 320
Wrapping-machine opera
tors, ingredient scalers,
cake depositors, pan greas
ers, shipping clerks and
checkers........................ .
1.270
Selectors, bread rackers, ma
chinemen, pan rackers,
bread packers__________ 1. 220
Cake dumpers, stock han
dlers, flour dumpers, mix
ers’ helpers, general pro
duction workers________
1.150
Foremen (women)..............
1.125
s 42-hour workweek.
$1.200
1.050
1.425
1.375
1.250
1.120
1.120
1.000
1.425
1.405
1.345
1.315
1.245
1.235
1.195
1.430
1.420
1.360
1.330
1.310
1.280
1.280
1.260
1. 210
1.180
1.170
1.160
1.150
1.120
1.020
1. 520
1.470
1. 370
1.320
1.270
1.200
1.150
20
T able
15. — Union scales of wages and hours in the baking industry, in selected cities, July 1, 1949, and July 1, 1950 — Con.
July 1, July 1,
1950,
1949,
rate per rate per
hour
hour
C ity and occupation
C ity and occupation
July 1, July 1,
1949,
1950,
rate per rate per
hour
hour
July 1, July 1,
1949,
1950,
rate per rate per
hour
hour
C ity and occupation
LOUISVILLE, KY.—Con.
MIAMI, FLA.
MILWAUKEE, WIS.—Con.
Bread and cake—M ach in e
shops—Continued
Agreement F—Continued
Wrapping-machine feeders
and helpers, cake wrap
pers and icers, cooky and
doughnut girls, roll and
bread panners_________
General bakery helpers, cake.
Bread—Machine shops:
Foremen___ _____________
Dough mixers, ovenmen_____
Dividermen, moldermen, rollmachine operators________
Clerks, shipping and receiving.
Oven loaders and dumpers___
Wrapping-machine operators_
Dough mixers’ helpers______
Pan greasers, bread rackers,
flour dumpers, wrappingmachine helpers, truck load
ers and helpers___________
Hebrew baking:
Benchmen, third hands.........
Ovenmen________________
Bread and cake—M a ch in e
shops—Continued
Agreement E—Continued
D ividerm en, molders,
benchmen, roll-machine
operators, doughnut-ma
chine operators_________
Miscellaneous helpers:
Men__________________
Women_______________
Agreement F:
Mixers, ovenmen, cake deco
rators_________________
Wrapping-machine opera
tors, dividermen, bench
hands, doughnut-ma
chine operators, molders,
flour dumpers, ingredi
ent scalers, depositor
operators____________
Shipping-room workers__
Miscellaneous helpers:
Men________________
Women______________
Agreement G:
Mixers, ovenmen_________
Wrapping-machine operators.
Bench hands, depositor op
erators_________ ______
Roll-machine operators,
doughnut-machine opera
tors__________________
Miscellaneous workers:
Men__________________
Women_______________
Bread only—Machine shops:
Foremen.._______________
Mixers, ovenmen___________
Oven loaders and dumpers,
wrapping-machine operators,
moldermen, dividermen___
Stockroom workers________
Miscellaneous helpers (men)_
Cake only—Machine shops:
Foremen_________________
Mixers___________________
Ovenmen_________________
Depositor operators_________
Miscellaneous helpers:
Men___________________
Women_________________
Hebrew baking—Bread and
cake:
Cake bakers, bread workers__
Dough mixers, benchmen____
Crackers and cookies:
Sponge department:
Head mixers_____________
Ovenmen_______________
Mixers, relief rollermen, peelers-in_________________
Rollermen, peelers-out_____
Mixers’ helpers----------------Packers________________
Sweet department:
Mixers__________________
Machinemen, ovenmen____
Mixers’ helpers___________
Ovenmen’s helpers-----------Pan feeders, greasers, general
helpers-----------------------Packers________________
Icing room:
Machinemen_____________
Packers____ ___________
Feeders and stackers--------Packing department:
Floormen_______________
Floormen’s helpers_______
Scalers_________________
Women employees________
Wrapping and cellophane de
partment:
Women employees:
Checkers______________
Carton-forming machine
operators....---------------
$1.025
.975
$1.050
1.000
1 1.333
11.200
il.lll
•.900
1 1.377
U . 244
1 1.155
•. 946
MANCHESTER, N. H.
Bread and cake—Hand shops:
Foremen_______________
Mixers_________________
Ovenmen, bench hands___
Hand icers (women)________
Bread and cake—Machine shops:
Agreement A:
Bread:
Foremen_____________
Mixers, ovenmen, ingredi
ent scalers, lead men___
Divider operators and
bun-machine operators. .
Wrapping-machine and
set-up operators, ma
chine pan greasers, bench
hands, pan dumpers,
molder operators, oven
helpers_____________
Clerks, checkers________
Shipping and receiving
clerks_______________
Bread rackers__________
Bun wrappers, hand pan
greasers, helpers (shop),
packers, wrapping-ma
chine operators’ helpers..
Helpers:
First 3 months_______
After 3 months_______
After 9 months_______
Flour dumpers_________
Cake:
Foremen_____________
Mixers (dough and icing)..
Ovenmen_____________
Doughnut-machine oper
ators_______________
Ingredient scalers_______
Scaling-machine
opera
tors and bench hands__
Checkers_____________
Foreladies_____________
Icing-machine operators...
Scaling-machine operators’
helpers_____________
Wrapping-machine opera
tors________________
Helpers:
First 3 months_______
After 3 months----------After 9 mouths_______
Helpers (women):
First 3 months_______
After 3 months_______
After 9 months_______
Agreement B:
Mixers, ovenmen (bread)__
Ovenmen (cake)_________
Dividermen, roll-machine
operators_____________
Bench hands (cake).............
Moldermen_____________
Wrapping-machine operators.
Bread rackers, bench and
machine helpers, hand
icers.--------- ---------------Wrapping-machine opera
tors’ helpers___________
Helpers:
First 3 months_________
After 3 months_________
$1.250
1.150
1.040
.980
.950
.930
.900
1.040
.980
.950
.980
.900
.770
.770
1.500
1.625
1.500
1.625
MILW AUKEE, WIS.
MEMPHIS, TENN.
i 45-hour workweek.
$1.250
1.150
1.630
1.710
1.350
1.430
1.240
1.320
1.190
1.160
1.270
1.240
1.130
1.050
1.210
1.130
.950
1.020
.850
.900
.950
.800
.920
.970
1.020
.850
1.470
1.330
1.270
1.550
1.410
1.350
00
1.150
1.330
1. 230
1.120
1.100
1.050
.990
1.200
1.180
1.130
1.060
.950
1.020
.930
1.000
.850
.900
.950
.920
.970
1.020
.770
.820
.870
.840
.890
.940
1.175
1.100
1.225
1.150
1.080
1.050
1.035
1.020
1.130
1.100
1.085
1.070
.825
.875
.820
.870
.780
.820
.830
.870
2 48-hour workweek.
Bread and cake—Hand shops:
Agreement A:
Foremen_______________ 21.470
First hands_____________ * 1.380
Benchmen:
First hands____________ 21.300
Second hands__________ 21.200
Third hands___________ 21.090
Agreement B:
Foremen and mixers______ 1.350
Ovenmen, benchmen______ 1.300
Clerks, shipping and receiv
ing—
1.100
Helpers, bench and machine. 1.010
Decorators____ _________
.950
Pan cleaners_____________
.930
Checkers, wrappers, cutters,
packers (women)_______
.800
Bread and cake—Machine shops:
Agreement A:
Mixers, ovenmen, doughnutmachine operators______
1.425
Depositor operators, dividermen, ingredient scalers,
oven feeders and dumpers
(bread)_______________ 1.325
Clerks, shipping and receiv
ing—
1.325
Oven feeders and dumpers
(cake), bench hands, wrap
ping-machine operators,
moldermen____________ 1.245
Bench and machine helpers.. 1.125
Miscellaneous helpers:
Men________________
1.125
Women_____________
.955
Agreement B:
Working foremen_______
1.670
Mixers, shipping clerks__
1.420
Dividermen___________
1.370
Ovenmen, molders_______
1.320
Wrapping-machine operators. 1.200
Miscellaneous helpers, ship
ping-room workers______ 1.130
Agreement C:
Mixers, ovenmen_________ 1.310
Dividermen, moldermen,
bench hands, doughnutmachine operators, stockroom workers__________ 1.250
Miscellaneous helpers:
Men__________________ 1.050
Women_______________
.840
Agreement D:
Mixers_________________
1.310
Ovenmen, wrapping-ma
chine operators_________ 1.250
Dividermen, bench hands,
doughnut-machine opera
tors, moldermen, stockroom workers__________ 1.250
Miscellaneous helpers:
Men__________________ 1.050
Women_______________
.840
Agreement E:
Mixers, ovenmen_________ 1.310
Wrapping-machine operators. 1. 250
2
1.470
1.380
2
2 1.300
21.200
21.090
1.350
1.300
1.100
1.010
.950
.930
.800
1.500
1.400
1.400
1.310
1.190
1.190
1.010
1.720
1.470
1.410
1.360
1.240
1.170
1.420
1.360
1.160
.950
1.420
1.420
1.360
1.160
.950
1.420
1.420
* Information not available for rate and hours on July 1, 1949.
$1.250
$1,360
1.050
.840
1.160
.950
1.330
1.440
1.270
1.050
1.380
1. 280
1.050
.850
1.160
.960
1. 310
1.250
1.420
1.420
1. 250
1.360
1.250
1.360
1.050
.840
1.160
.950
1.360
1.310
1.470
1.420
1.250
1.110
1.050
1.360
1.360
1.160
1.410
1.310
1.250
1.250
1.470
1.420
1.420
1. 360
1.050
.840
1.160
.950
i 1.440
1 1.360
1 1.440
1 1.360
1. 350
1-270
1.450
1. 370
1.250
1.150
1.120
.890
1. 350
1. 250
1. 220
.970
1. 250
1. 200
1.120
1.050
1.350
1.300
1. 220
1.150
.970
.860
1.070
.940
1.200
.860
.810
1.300
.940
.890
1.100
1.000
.860
.810
1.200
1.100
.940
.890
(3)
1.000
00
.940
•43-hour workweek.
21
T a b l e 15. — Union
scales of wages and hours in the baking industry, in selected cities, July 1, 1949, and July l y 1950—Con.
City and occupation
July 1, July 1,
1950,
1949,
rate per rate per
hour
hour
$0.940
.920
.890
i 1.470
i 1.360
11.130
i. 820
1.890
1.950
i 1.020
i 1.090
i 1. 230
11.030
1.760
1.570
1.570
1.570
1.460
1.460
1.460
1.460
1.250
1.250
1.100
1. 250
.900
1.000
11.610
i 1.466
i 1.413
i 1.012
1.843
1. 593
1. 533
1.087
1.138
1.188
1.238
1.288
1.320
1.310
1.265
1.225
1.205
1.120
1.400
1. 380
1.265
1.260
Crackers and cookies—Con.
Sponge department—Con.
Take-out m en______________
Laminator sheet feeders------Stackers____________________
Sweet department:
Oven firemen_______________
Ovenmen and machinemen—
O venmen’s helpers and reliefPanmen, hand______________
In e x p e rie n ce d
w orkers
(m en):
First 30 days_____________
Second 30 days___________
After 60 days_____________
Icing department:
Mixers, machinemen________
Mar shm alio w m en:
First 30 days_____________
Second 30 days___________
Third 30 days____________
Experienced______________
Floormen:
First 30 days_____________
Second 30 days____ _______
Third 30 days____________
Experienced______________
Icing sandwich operators
(w om en)_________________
Checkers (w om en)--------------Packers (chill room )________
Packers____ _______________
Enrober operators (women) __
Weighers and baggers----------Tray feeders (wom en)---------Miscellaneous girls__________
In ex p erien ced
w orkers
(wom en):
First 30 days_____________
Second 30 days-----------------After 60 days_____________
Packing department:
Wrapping-machine m en------Assistant stock clerks_____
Stock-room helpers_______
Helpers—men:
First 30 days___________
Second 30 days_________
After 60 days----------------Inexperienced workers
(women):
First 30 days-----------------Second 30 days_________
After 60 days___________
Case sealers____ __________
Floormen_________________
Sponge packers (cartons
and 1 pound Krispies),
ch eck ers and re lie f
(w om en)-----------------------Sponge packers--------------------Graham packers____________
Sweet packers______________
Carton formers, caddy stitch
ers, senior (wom en)_______
Bundlers___________________
$1.160
1.160
1.100
$1.210
1.210
1.150
1.275
1.215
1.160
1.080
1.325
1.265
1.210
1.120
.900
.950
1.000
.900
.950
1.000
1.215
1.265
.940
.990
1.040
1.080
.940
.990
1.040
1.120
.850
.900
.950
1.000
.850
.900
.950
1.040
.980
.960
.930
.910
.880
.825
.825
.795
1.020
1.000
.970
.950
.915
.860
.860
.830
.645
.695
.745
.750
.775
.795
1.180
1.175
1.125
1.230
1.225
1.175
.850
.900
.950
.850
.900
.950
.645
. 695
.745
1.115
1.000
.750
.775
.795
1.165
1.040
.960
.940
.940
.910
1.000
.980
.980
.950
.870
.870
.905
.905
NEWARK, N. J.
Bread and cake—Hand shops:
Foremen, oven workers, dough
mixers______________________
Bench workers, second hands—
Third hands__________________
Bread and cake—Machine shops:
Agreement A:
Keymen (ovenmen)________
Ovenmen, mixers___________
Keymen (checkers, cake),
molders, benchmen, di
viders, peelers, scalers,
oven dumpers, mixers’
h elp ers , sca ler-feeders,
icing makers______________
Roll panners_______________
Keymen (wrapping-machine
operators), checkers (cake).
Keymen (checkers, bread)__
City and occupation
NEWARK, N.
Con.
MINNEAPOLIS, MINN.
Bread and cake—Hand shops:
Foremen_________________ 11.422
Mixers, ovenmen, bench hands. i 1.311
Wrapping-machine operators. _ 11.074
Helpers:
First 1,000 hours__________ i. 787
Second 1,000 hours________ i. 852
918
Third 1,000 hours_________
Fourth 1,000 hours________ K 983
Fifth 1,000 hours______ __ i 1. 049
Sixth 1,000 hours_________ i 1.178
Women hand icers._________ K 967
Bread and cake—Machine shops:
Foremen_________________ 1.640
Doughnut-machine operators— 1.470
Icing and batter mixers______ 1.470
Sponge and dough mixers,
oven operators and oven
men__________________ 1.470
Depositors, and/or drop-mamachine operators------------- 1.390
Dividers, molders, bench
hands, bun-machine opera
tors____________________ 1.390
Cake ingredient scalers, fruit
cookers, kettle fryers______ 1.340
Traveling-oven feeders and
dumpers, doughroom men,
slicing- and wrapping-ma
1.340
chine operators__________
Foremen (women), twisters,
dough panners, oven and
bench helpers____________ 1.200
Jell- or icing-machine opera
tors, cake wrappers, and
semiautomatic cake wrap
pers_______ __________ 1.170
Helpers:
First 8 weeks____________ 1.070
After 8 weeks____________ 1.170
Women employees:
Finishers, wrappers, packers:
First 8 weeks---------------.890
After 8 weeks__________
.970
Hebrew baking:
Hand shops:
Foremen, all-round cakemen. 1 1. 530
General cakemen, mixers,
ovenmen--------------------- 1 1.386
Bench hands, machinemen— 1 1. 333
Helpers, inexperienced------- 1.932
Machine shops:
Foremen, all-round cakemen. 1.763
General cakemen, mixers,
ovenmen--------------------- 1. 513
Bench hands, machinemen— 1.453
Helpers:
First 6 months___ __ __ 1.007
7 to 12 months__________ 1.058
1 to 1^ years---------------- 1.108
to 2 years---------------- 1.158
After 2 years___________ 1.208
Crackers and cookies:
Baking department:
Sponge mixers_________ _ 1. 270
Senior sweet mixers_______ 1.260
Sweet mixers____________ 1.215
Assembly sweet mixers____ 1.175
Sirup mixers___ _________ 1.155
Assistant sweet mixers_____ 1.080
Sponge department:
Ovenmen_______________ 1. 350
Peelers_____ ___________
1. 330
Laminator operators, ma
1.215
chinemen_____________
Lead ovenmen----------------- 1.210
1 46-hour workweek.
July 1, July 1,
1949,
1950,
rate per rate per
hour
hour
MINNEAPOLIS, MINN —
MILWAUKEE, WIS.—Con.
Crackers and cookies—Con.
Wrapping and cellophane de
partment—Continued
Women employees—Con.
Machine girls, packers,
bundlers_____________ $0.860
.840
Carton-caddy and cases...
.810
Feeders_______________
City and occupation
J —
July 1, July 1,
1949,
1950,
rate per rate per
hour
hour
Continued
Bread and cake—M a ch in e
shops—Con.
Agreement A—Continued
Icing-machine
operators,
scaler-feeders’ helpers____ $1.350
Checkers (bread)_________ 1.330
Flour dumpers, sifters, ma
chine helpers, pan greasers,
cake dumpers, auxiliary
workers, packers and help
ers (cake)_____________ 1.290
Slicers, wrappers, packers
(bread)_______________ 1.290
Cake wrapping-machine op
erators (women), machine
operators (women)______ 1.215
Icers (women)____ _______ 1.075
Hand wrappers (women)__ 1.050
Agreement B:
Bread department:
Dough mixers, proof-box
workers, ovenmen_____ 1.685
Pan dumpers, dividermen, molders, roll-ma
chine operators, benchmen, m achinem en,
dough mixers’ helpers,
ingredient scalers______ 1.565
Keymen (wrapping ma
chine) ______________
1.530
Checkers______________ 1.365
Pan greasers, flour dump
ers, stockmen, bench
ana machine helpers
1.325
Wrapping-machine helpers. 1.325
Bread rackers__________ 1.295
Hand wrappers (women)— 1.085
Cake department:
Ingredient scalers and
scaling-machine opera
tors________________
1. 565
Depositor operators, help
ers_________________
1.385
Dumpers, grease-machine
operators, auxiliary
workers_____________ 1.325
Hand wrappers (women)— 1.085
Hebrew baking:
Foremen, ovenmen .......
i 2. 067
Second hands, mixers_______ 11. 933
Bread carriers, helpers______ 11. 267
Crackers and cookies:
Doughnut-machine operators,
mixers_________________
1. 650
Ovenmen________________
1.650
Icing mixers______________
1. 530
Ingredient scalers__________ 1.530
Cake wrapping-machine op
erators, forklift operators,
scaling-machine operators__ 1.350
Grease-machine operators____ 1.290
Cake dumpers and feeders, de
positor operators_________
1.290
Auxiliary workers__________ 1.290
Packers and helpers________ 1.265
Checkers_________________ 1. 215
Checkers, packers (women)__ 1.215
$1.440
1.420
1.380
1.380
1.305
1.165
1.140
1.775
1.655
1.620
1.455
1.415
1.415
1.415
1.175
1.655
1.475
1.415
1.175
i 2.067
i 1.933
i 1. 267
1.740
1.740
1.620
1.620
1.440
1.380
1.380
1.380
1.355
1.305
1. 305
NEW HAVEN, CONN.
21.646
21.479
21.292
21.646
21.479
21.292
1.700
1.650
1.790
1.740
2 48-hour workweek.
1. 530
1. 530
1.620
1.620
1.490
1.405
1. 585
1.495
Bread and cake—Hand shops:
Agreement A*.
Foremen_______________ *1.360
Assistant foremen, mixers,
and ovenmen__________ * 1.330
B e n c h m e n . .......... .
< 1.280
Agreement B*.
Foremen_______________ 41.360
Assistant foremen, mixers,
and ovenmen _
4 1.330
B en ch m en
41.280
Bread and cake—Machine shops:
Agreement A:
Foremen. _
1.585
Dough mixers___________ 1.450
Dough mixers’ helpers, di
viders, ovenmen
1.340
Molders, checkers, wrappers,
head packers____ ____
1.290
4
1.410
4
4
1.380
1.330
4 44-hour workweek.
1.360
1.330
1.280
1. 615
1.480
1.370
1.320
22
T able
15.— Union scales of wages and hours in the baking industry, in selected cities, July 1, 1949, and July 1, 1950- ■Con.
C ity
and occupation
July 1, July 1,
1949,
1950,
rate per rate per
hour
hour
NEW HAVEN, CONN.—Con.
$1,240
1.120
1 460
1.410
L 360
\ 290
1.270
L 190
L 170
1.150
.920
* 1.875
* 1.750
NEW ORLEANS. LA.
1 600
1.280
U550
1.330
1.170
1.120
1.220
1.170
1.050
1.100
.930
.980
.870
.920
1.600
1.280
1.650
1.330
1.170
1.120
1.220
1.170
.870
.920
1.050
1.100
NEW YORK, N. Y.
Bread and cake—Hand shops:
Agreement A:
First hands, oven workers
(foremen)_____________
Second hands___________
Helpers_____
Shippers and packers_____
Shippers and packers (woAgreement B:
First hands, oven workers,
mixers________________
Second hands___________
Helpers________________
Packers (men and women)..
Agreement C;
Foremen----------------------- ,
Bench and second hands__ ,
Third hands____________ .
Agreement D:
First hands, oven workers,
mixers________________
Oven loaders and dumpers..
Second hands-----------------Wrapping-machine operators. ,
Helpers________________ .
Miscellaneous workers_____ .
1 45-hour workweek.
July 1, July 1,
1949,
1950,
rate per rate per
hour
hour
NEW YORK, N. Y.—Con.
Bread and cake—Machine shops—
Continued
Agreement A—Continued
Receiving clerks, wrappingmachine helpers, bench
and machine helpers, pan
rackers, pan greasers_____ $1.210
Krum girls______________ 1.090
Agreement B:
1.430
Foremen_______________
1.380
Dough mixers___________
Ovenmen_______________ 1 330
Icing mixers_____________ 1 260
Receivers, stock clerks_____ l! 240
Shippers’ helpers (after 1
year)_________________ 1 160
1 140
Dumpers_______________
Utilitymen (after 1 year),
pan greasers (after 1 year). 1.120
Wrappers (women), icers
.890
(women)______________
Hebrew baking:
Foremen, ovenmen_________ * 1.833
Second hands_____________ * 1. 730
Bread and cake—Hand and ma
chine shops:
Bread:
Foremen___ ___________
Ovenmen, mixers, reliefmen.
Machinemen, roll-machine
operators, bench hands,
molders, dividers, wrap
ping-machine operators—
Ingredientmen---------------Mixers’ helpers, panners,
flour blenders__________
Pan greasers, wrappingmachine operators’ helpers.
Rackers, general helpers,
truck loaders, hand wrap
pers—
Cake:
Foremen_______________
Ovenmen, mixers________
Depositor operators, wrap
ping-machine operators,
benchmen_____________
Ingredient scalers------------Pan greasers, icers, packers,
hand wrappers, helpers—
Shipping:
Checkers, shipping and re
ceiving clerks__________
City and occupation
1.665
1.554
1.385
1.115
1.740
1. 630
1.410
1.190
.975
1.025
1 782
1.665
1.375
1.275
1.832
1.720
1.425
1.325
*1.750
* 1.625
* 1. 500
* 1. 781
* 1.656
* 1.531
1.850
1.751
1.746
1.720
1.576
1.539
1.950
1.851
1.844
1.820
1.691
1.639
Bread and cake—Hand shops—
Continued
Agreement E:
First hands, ovenmen_____ *$2,000 *$2.000
Second hands____________ * 1.867 i 1.867
Helpers_________________ 11.467 * 1.500
Agreement F:
1.769
First hands______________ 1.719
Second hands____________ 1.656
1. 706
Helpers_____________ ___ 1.406
1.456
Cake and pastry—Hand shops:
2.125
First hands_______________ 2.125
Second hands_____________
1.938
1. 938
Frankfurter rolls—Hand shops:
Mixers___________________ 1. 730
1.840
1. 765
Ovenmen_________________ 1.665
Bench hands, packers_______ 1.440
1.500
Retail—Hand shops:
First hands_______________ i 2.000 *2. 000
Second hands--------------------- i 1. 875 1 1.875
Third hands_________ ___ i 1. 500 i 1.500
Restaurants—Hand shops:
First hands_______________ * 2. 350 *2. 350
Second hands--------------------- * 2.150 *2.150
Third hands______________ * 1. 750 * 1. 750
Cafeteria—Hand shops: •
First hands_______________ * 2.250 *2.250
Second hands_____________ * 1. 850 * 1.850
Bread and cake—Semimachine
shops:
1.940
Foremen_________________ 1. 850
1. 770
Ovenmen, mixers---------------- 1.706
Bench hands--------------------- 1. 575
1. 640
Packers......... _ _________ 1.193
1.270
Bread and cake—Machine shops:
Agreement A:
Bread department:
Mixers, ovenmen------------ 1. 585
1. 675
1. 585
Dividermen___________
1.495
Benchmen____________
1.575
1.485
Ingredient scalers, molder
operators____________ 1.435
1. 525
1.495
Oven loaders and dumpers. 1.405
1.475
Flour dumpers-------------- 1.385
Wrappers, head packers
1.445
and checkers_________ 1.355
1.435
General helpers_____ __ 1. 345
Cake department:
1.655
Mixers and ovenmen_____ 1.565
Depositors, ingredient
scalers, benchmen, fryers. 1.465
1. 555
1. 405
General helpers_________ 1.315
Helpers (women)_______ 1.110
1.200
Agreement B:
1. 585
1. 675
Mixers_________________
1.485
1.575
Dividers, molders________
1.535
Oven loaders and dumpers_ 1.445
1.530
Mixers’ helpers___________ 1.440
Checkers_______________ 1.390
1.480
1.385
1.475
Flour dumpers__________
Wrapping-machine operators. 1.360
1.450
1.435
Pan greasers____________ 1.345
1.325
1.415
Bakery helpers__________
Agreement C:
1. 589
1.679
Mixers_________________
1. 675
Ovenmen_______________ 1.585
1. 509
1.599
Dividers
Flour dumpers. . .
1.492
1.582
1.541
Molders------------------------- 1.451
1.532
Oven dumpers____ ______ 1.442
1.531
Mixers' helpers___ _______ 1.441
Bakery helpers---------------- 1.390
1.480
1.445
Checkers_______________ 1.355
Wrapping-machine operators. 1.350
1.440
Agreement D:
1.705
Mixers__________________ 1.615
L 585
Dividers------------------------ 1.495
1.545
Flour dumpers---------------- 1.455
1.525
Mixers’ helpers, molders___ 1.435
1.495
Oven loaders and dumpers— 1.405
1.445
Checkers_______________ 1.355
Oven and bakery helpers,
1.435
pan greasers___________ 1.345
1.405
Wrapping-machine operators. 1.315
Agreement E:
1. 575
Mixers, ovenmen_________ 1.485
1.485
Dividermen_____________ 1.395
Mixers’ helpers, molder op
1.425
erators, ingredient scalers— 1.335
City and occupation
July 1, July 1,
1949,
1950,
rate per rate per
hour
hour
NEW YORK, N. Y.—Con.
Bread and cake—Machine shops—
Continued
Agreement E—Continued
Oven loaders and dumpers.. $1.305
Flour dumpers___________ 1.285
Head wrappers and slicers,
checkers______________
1.255
General helpers__________ 1.245
Packers________________
1.215
Agreement F:
Mixers, ovenmen_________ 1.585
Dividermen_____________ 1.485
Benchmen______________ 1.485
Mixers’ helpers, ingredient
scalers, molder operators__ 1.435
Oven loaders and dumpers.. 1.405
Flour dumpers__________
1.385
Head wrappers and slicers,
checkers______________
1.355
Packers, general helpers___ 1.315
Agreement G:
Mixers, ovenmen_________ 1.485
Dividermen_____________ 1.395
Miners’ helpers, ingredient
scalers, molder operators__ 1.335
Oven loaders and dumpers.. 1.305
Flour dumpers---------------- 1.285
Head slicers or wrappers,
checkers______________
1.255
General helpers__________ 1.245
1.215
Packers________________
Agreement H:
Ovenmen----------------------- 1.598
Dough mixers___________
1. 585
Dough mixers’ helpers_____ 1.535
Dividermen_____________ 1.498
Ingredientmen___________ 1.475
Moldermen______________ 1.435
Oven dumpers___________ 1.395
Wrapping-machine opera
tors, flour dumpers--------- 1.385
General bake-shop helpers__ 1.360
Packers------------------------- 1.310
Agreement I:
Tray-oven operators---------- 1.485
1.465
Mixers_________________
Scaling-machine operators . .. 1.440
Confectioners____________ 1.435
Ovenmen_______________ 1.430
Oven helpers____________ 1.425
Icing mixers_____________ 1.405
Depositor operators, ring
makers, flour blenders___ 1.395
Ingredient scalers, kitchen
helpers, bench hands____ 1.375
Packers and helpers, pan
greasers----------------------- 1.290
General helpers (women)__ 1.085
Agreement J:
Assistant foremen------------- 1.613
Dough mixers and ovenmen,
bread-------------------------- 1.583
Dough mixers, cake; cooks— 1.575
Muffin platemen--------------- 1.508
Jelly doughnut-machine
1.505
helpers_______________
Dividermen_____________ 1.485
Bench hands____________ 1.475
Dough mixers’ helpers and
ingredient scalers, cake___ 1.425
Head checkers, bread______ 1.378
Flour dumper, bread______ 1.375
Doughnut-machine helpers.. 1.370
Scaling-machine helpers----- 1.358
Bread checkers, wrapping1.338
machine operators______
Bench and machine helpers,
bread_________________ 1.335
Packers and helpers_______ 1.288
Agreement K:
Tray-oven operators, oven
operators______________ 1.490
Mixers__________________ 1.480
Mixers’ helpers----------------- 1.465
Dividermen_____________ 1.435
Tray-oven operators’ help
ers, depositors--------------- 1.425
Dough brake operators------- 1.415
1.405
Icing makers____________
$1.395
1.375
1.345
1.335
1.305
1.675
1.575
1.575
1.525
1.495
1.475
1.445
1.405
1.575
1.485
1.425
1.395
1.375
1.345
1.335
1.305
1.685
1. 675
1.625
1.588
1. 565
1.525
1.485
1.475
1.450
1.400
1. 575
1.555
1.530
1. 525
1. 520
1.515
1.495
1.485
1.465
1.380
1.175
1.703
1. 673
1.665
1. 598
1.595
1. 575
1.565
1. 515
1.468
1.465
1.460
1.448
1.428
1.425
1.378
1.580
1. 570
1.555
1. 525
1.515
1.505
1.495
23
j,
City and occupation
July 1, July 1,
1950,
1949,
rate per rate per
hour
hour
July 1, July 1,
1950,
1949,
rate per rate per
hour
hour
$1.395
$1.485
1.375
1.290
1.265
1.085
1.465
1.380
1.355
1.175
1.475
1.585
1.375
1.285
1.275
1.245
1.235
1.000
1.485
1.395
1.385
1. 355
1.345
1.110
1. 585
1.485
1.435
1. 395
1.345
1.325
1.110
1. 675
1. 575
1. 525
1. 485
1.435
1.415
1. 200
1. 550
1. 500
1.650
1. 600
1. 400
1.255
1.500
1.355
1.500
1.600
1.400
1.295
1.500
1.395
1. 255
1.210
1.355
1.310
1.045
1.145
2.000
1.790
1.685
1. 685
1.100
2.100
1.860
1.805
1. 750
1.155
1.465
1.345
1. 285
1.268
1.255
1.235
1.205
1.195
1.175
1. 555
1. 435
1.375
1. 358
1.345
1. 325
1.295
1.285
1.265
1.590
1. 530
1.480
1.680
1.620
1.570
1.430
1.410
1.380
1.360
1.520
1.500
1.470
1.450
1.960
1.585
1.495
1.485
1.435
1.405
1. 350
1.345
2.050
1.675
1.585
1.575
1. 525
1.495
1.440
1. 435
1.120
1.110
1.210
1.200
1.593
1.495
1.683
1.585
Bread and cake—Machine shops—
Continued
Agreement S—Continued
Molders, mixers’ helpers, in
gredient scalers_________ $1. 435
Oven loaders and dumpers.. 1.405
Checkers___________ ___ 1.388
Flour dumpers______ ____ 1. 385
General helpers__________ 1. 325
Slicers, wrappers, packers,
key slicers___ _________ 1.315
Agreement T:
Bread department:
Mixers, ovenmen_______
1.585
Benchmen, dividermen__ 1.498
Molder operators, mixers’
helpers______________ 1.435
Oven feeders and dumpers,
pan greasers_________
1.405
Checkers, head slicers,
bread wrappers_______ 1.355
Rack pushers, helpers___
1.345
Wrappers (restaurant)___ 1. 325
Cake department:
Mixers, ovenmen_______
1.585
Depositors, dough scalers,
ingredient scalers_____
1.495
Icing mixers___________
1. 485
Oven feeders and delivery. 1.395
General helpers________
1.345
Wrappers and packers
(women)____________ 1.110
Agreement U:
Head ovenmen__________
1.635
Mixers_________________
1.585
Dividermen, bread_______
1. 535
Dividermen and platemen,
English muffins________
1.518
Molder operators, bread___
1.460
Mixers’ helpers, ingredient
scalers. .................. ............ 1 435
Roundermen, English muf
fins__________________
1.410
Flour handlers, bread wrap
pers—
1.385
Pan greasers, bread rackers.. 1.345
Box carriers, general helpers,
packers.___ _____ _____ 1.335
Helpers (women)________
1.160
Agreement V:
1.940
Foremen_______________
Ovenmen, mixers________
1.740
Bench hands____________ 1.640
Helpers____ __________
1.540
Agreement W:
Mixers, benchmen, ovenmen. 1.550
Second class packers, helpers- 1.150
Third class packers_______
1.050
Pie and pastry shops:
Agreement A:
Foremen______ _________ 1.700
First hands_____________
1.525
1.400
Second hands, mixers_____
1.300
Third hands____________
Helpers________________
1.125
Agreement B:
Men___________________ 1.100
Women________________
1.000
Doughnuts only:
Agreement A:
Assistant foremen______
1.498
Mixers, cruller fryers, cooks. 1.465
1.365
Benchmen____________
Ingredient scalers...........
1.315
Doughnut-machine oper
1.275
ators_______________
Checkers, helpers_______ 1.268
Packers, sugarers_______ 1.198
Agreement B:
1.508
Foremen___ _______
1.408
Machine operators____
Foremen (women)____
1.288
1.258
Mixers_____________
1.258
Shippers, helpers_____
Assistant foremen (women) 1.238
1.143
Box makers____ ____
1.038
Packers (beginners)___
J848-hour workweek.
1,
1949, and
J u ly
1
City and occupation
,
1 9 5 0 -
—Con.
July 1, July 1,
1949,
1950,
rate per rate per
hour
hour
NEW YORK, N. Y.—Con.
NEW YORK, N. Y.—Con.
NEW YORK, N. Y —Con.
Bread and cake—Machine shops—
Continued
Agreement K—Continued
Ring makers, blenders_____
Kitchen operators, benchmen, finishers, sealers____
Packers, pan greasers--------Foremen (women)________
General helpers (women)—
Agreement L (cakes, pies,
cookies):
Ovenmen, mixers_________
Benchmen, icing makers,
cookers_______________
Checkers_______________
Sweet yeast men-------------Packers and floormen_____
Bake-shop helpers________
Wrappers and ieers (women).
Agreement M:
Ovenmen, dough mixers___
Icing makers------------------Dough scalers_____ ______
Checkers, shippers-----------General helpers___ ___ ___
Cookers________________
Women workers--------------Agreement N:
Bread department:
Ovenmen_____________
Mixers___ ____________
Dividers, molders, oven
helpers, panners, benchmen, general helpers.......
Mixers’ helpers_________
Cake department:
Mixers________________
Ovenmen, icing mixers,
icers, decorators---------Benchmen_____________
Doughnut men, decora
tors’ helpers, oven help
ers--------------------------Icers (women)__________
Pan washers, wrappers;
fruit-room workers_____
Agreement O:
Foremen_______________
Dough mixers, ovenmen___
Dividermen____ ________
Benchmen---------------------Miscellaneous workers_____
Agreement P (bread and
doughnuts):
Mixers__________________
Dividers________________
Mixers’ helpers, molders___
Checkers-----------------------Oven feeders and dumpers_
Flour dumpers___________
Hand wrappers and packers.
General helpers, pan greasers.
Machine cleaners-------------Agreement Q:
Oven tenders------------------Mixers_________ ______
Dividermen_____________
Oven helpers, blenders, pan
ners—
Checkers-----------------------Flour handlers, floormen---Bread wrappers.............. ......
Agreement R:
Foremen-----------------------Mixers, ovenmen_________
Depositor operators_______
Icing mixers___ _________
Ingredient scalers_________
Oven dumpers___________
Checkers_______________
Packers, helpers__________
Wrapping-machine operators
(women)--------------------Helpers (women)_________
Agreement S:
Mixers, peelers, ovenmen,
relief mixers___________
Dividers_____________ _
145-hour workweek.
City and occupation
J u ly
1.405
1.675
1.200
Pie and pastry shops—Con.
Doughnuts only—Con.
Agreement B—Continued
Packers, belt attendants:
First year___________
Over 1 year__________
Agreement C:
Foremen______________
Bench hands___________
Packers, helpers________
Checkers, packers, wrap
pers (women)________
Hebrew baking—Machine shops:
Agreement A:
First hands_____________
Second hands____________
Helpers_________________
Agreement B:
First hands_____________
Second hands____________
Helpers________________
Hebrew baking—Hand shops:
Agreement A:
Foremen, first hands______
Swingmen, jobbers_______
Second hands, third hands. .
Agreement B:
First hands, ovenmen_____
Second hands____________
Third hands_____________
Agreement C:
First hands, ovenmen_____
Second hands____________
Agreement D:
Ovenmen, mixers_________
Bench hands____________
Third hands_____________
Agreement E:
Foremen, first hands.........
Mixers, ovenmen.._______
Second hands____________
Helpers in traveling-oven
shops_________________
Third hands (helpers)....... .
Bohemian baking—Hand shops:
Dough mixers, ovenmen_____
Benchmen________________
French baking:
Bread:
Agreement A:
Day work:
First hands__________
Bench hands...............
Agreement B:
Day work:
Foremen____________
Second hands________
Third hands_________
Italian baking:
Day work:
First hands_____________
Second hands____________
Scandinavian baking:
Foremen_________________
Second hands_____________
Bench hands_____________
Helpers____ ____________
Crackers and cookies:
Agreement A:
Bakers_________________
Packers____ ___________
Packers (women)_________
Agreement B:
Beltmen________________
Head flourmen___________
Bakers_________________
Icing and sugar mixers____
Flour dumpers___________
Batter mixers____________
Cutters, washers, plate set
ters__________________
Fig and jam mixers, marsh
mallow beaters, mixers’
helpers__________ ____
Grinders, cheese and crack
ers___________________
Icing and sugar mixers’
helpers__________ ___
* 42-hour workweek.
$1.038
1.068
$1.120
1.150
2.600
1.500
1.100
2.600
1.600
1.200
1.050
1.100
»2.000
»1.857
* 1.429
« 2.143
*2.000
81.571
12.000
1 1.867
1 1.467
12.000
1 1.867
1 1.467
*2.375
2 2.313
*2. 250
*2. 375
a2.313
>2.250
2.000
.867
1.467
1
1 1
1
1
2
a 1.875
a 1.750
1
2.143
2.000
1.500
2.000
*1.867
2
2 1.750
2 1.625
a 1 .500
* 1.781
*1.656
* 1.531
1.994
1.931
1.831
2.044
1.981
1.881
1.669
1.606
1.719
1.656
1.830
1.730
1.900
1.800
1.706
1.575
1.770
1.640
1.690
1.643
1.595
1.690
1.643
1.595
2 1.500
* 1.250
* 1.500
*1.250
a1.770
»1.667
2 1. 583
a 1.250
*1.770
*1. 667
a 1. 583
a1 .250
1.625
.875
.800
1.650
.875
.800
1.540
1.440
1.400
1.390
1.375
1.365
1.590
1.490
1.450
1.440
1.425
1.415
1.350
1.400
1.325
1.375
1.300
1.350
1.290
1.340
24
T able
15.— Union scales of wages and hours in the baking industry , in selected cities, July 1, 1949, and July 1, 1950 — Con.
City and occupation
July 1, July 1,
1950,
1949,
rate per rate per
hour
hour
$1.325
1.320
1.300
1.275
1.250
1.125
1.100
1.075
1.075
1.005
NORFOLK, VA.
OAKLAND, CALIF.
July 1, July 1,
1949,
1950,
rate per rate per
hour
hour
OAKLAND, CALIF.—Con.
NEW YORK, N. Y —Con.
Crackers and cookies—Con.
Agreement B—Con.
Flour dumpers’ helpers____ $1.275
Flourmen_______________ 1.270
Broken men_____________ 1.250
Bake-shop utilitymen_____ 1.225
1.200
Bake-shop general helpers.
Checkers, utility_________ 1.075
Feeders, sugar wafers______ 1.050
1.025
Feeders________________
Weighers and checkers
(women)______________ 1.025
.955
General helpers----------------
Bread and cake:
Mixers, scalers_____________
Checkers-------------------------Oven supervisors---------------Truck loaders_____________
Wrapping-machine setters___
Molder operators, divider oper
ators, roll-machine operators.
Oven feed and delivery--------Flour blenders____________
Mixers’ helpers, wrappingmachine feeders__________
Bakery helpers:
First 60 days----- ------------After 60 days____________
Roll baggers:
First 60 days____________
After 60 days____________
City and occupation
1.280
1.230
1.180
1.090
1.080
1.280
1.230
1.180
1.090
1.030
1.005
.985
1.030
1.005
.955
.955
.855
.905
.855
.905
.700
.750
.700
.750
Crackers and cookies—Con.
Agreement B—Con.
Cellophane or wax wrap
ping-machine operators---- $1. 540
Floor women. __________ 1.170
Icing women, sweet packers . 1.070
Agreement C:
Baking supervisors_______ 2.040
Mixing supervisors, machine
captains______________
1.750
Mixers, reliefmen, head icing
mixers________________ 1.690
Mixers’ helpers, bakers, rol
ler-men, oven helpers,
wrapping-machine opera
tors, set-up men, oven
feeders, icing helpers_____ 1.540
Dough feeders, pan feeders,
fig grinders, table feeders,
cel lo p h an e-b ag-machine
operators, rack and pan
men, jelly- and marsh
mallow-men’s helpers____ 1. 390
Floormen
1.340
Women:
Working supervisors_____ 1.270
Sweet packers, weighers
and baggers, cellophanebag formers, enrobers__ 1.070
Assistant foreladies_____ _ 1.070
July 1, July 1,
1950,
1949,
rate per rate per
hour
hour
O M A H A , NEBR.—Con.
$1.580
1.210
1.110
2.090
1.800
1.740
1.590
1.440
1.390
1.300
1.100
1.100
OKLAHOMA CITY, OKLA.
Bread and cake—Machine shops:
Agreement A:
Foremen _
1.575
Ovenmen, mixers, icing mix
ers___________________ 1.425
Bench and machinemen,
cake depositors_________ 1.325
Scalers_________________ 1.300
Foremen of wrapping de
partment______________ 1. 275
First foremen (women)____ 1.200
Wrapping-machine operators. 1.175
Checkers_______________ 1.150
Second foremen (women)__ 1.100
Cake wrapping-machine op
erators________________ 1.075
Cake icers, hand wrappers,
labelers, boxers_________
.975
Bread handlers, helpers:
Class A_______________ 1.075
Class B_______________ 1.000
Class C____ _________
.875
Agreement B:
Foremen_______________ 81. 575
Bench and machinemen___ »1.325
Wrapping-machine operators. #1.175
City and occupation
1.675
Pie and pastry shops—Con.
Fruit cookers______________
Miscellaneous helpers_______
Pie fillers and wrappers_____
Crackers and cookies:
Baking department:
Machine captains_________
Ovenmen_______________
Reliefmen______________
Peelers-in, rollermen______
Edgers, drawmen________
Pan loaders, take-out men,
pan feeders and greasers. __
Flour dumpers, utility mix
ers and helpers_________
Mixing department:
Head mixers_____________
Dough-up men, No. 2 mixers.
Sponge setters, assemblymen__________________
Mixers’ helpers, assemblers’
helpers_______________
Icing department:
Machinemen, mixers______
Women helpers__________
Shipping department:
Head stockmen, head car
loaders, head load assem
blymen, checkers, labelers.
Order fillers_____________
Packing department:
Machine operators________
Machine operators’ helpers..
Paper-cutting-machine oper
ators_________________
Casers__________________
Reliefwomen____________
Women helpers__________
Receiving and storage depart
ment:
Head stockmen__________
Helpers_________________
$1.220
.990
.910
$1.320
1.090
1.010
1.300
1.250
1.210
1.190
1.120
1.350
1.300
1.260
1.240
1.170
1.100
1.150
1.100
1.150
1.240
1.190
1.290
1.240
1.155
1.205
1.100
1.150
1.200
.880
1.250
.930
1.140
1.110
1.190
1.160
1.140
1.120
1.190
1.170
1.045
.990
.920
.880
1.095
1.040
.970
.930
1.525
Bread—Hand shops:
Foremen, ovenmen_________ s 1.800 8 1.870
1.425
fi
1.710.
Bench hands______________ 81.640
1.180
1.230
1.400
81.050
Pan cleaners---------------------(3)
1.100
1.150
Bread and cake—Machine shops:
1.375
Foremen, dough mixers, ovenPEORIA, ILL.
1.300
71.960 81.985
men—
1.275
Dividers, molders, rollBread
and
cake—Hand shops:
1.250
machine operators________ 71.870 81.895
Foremen_________________ 2 1.417 21.448
1.200
Ovenmen________________ 21.292 21.323
Crackers and cookies:
Benchmen________________ *1. 229 2 1.260
Agreement A:
1.175
1.740
Hand icers (women)________ 2.885
2.915
Mixing supervisors, mixers... 1.700
1.680
Bread
and cake—Machine shops:
Ovenmen________ ______ 1.640
1.075
Foremen_________________ 1.660
1.600
1.720
Laminator men__________ 1.560
Ovenmen, spongers_________ 1.530
1.590
Mixers’ helpers:
1.175
Oven loaders and dumpers,
1.440
First 3 months_________ 1.400
1.100
ingredientmen___________
1.490
1.590
1.530
Second 3 months................ 1.450
.975
Benchmen, machine operators. 1.460
1.540
1. 520
Third 3 months.......... ...... 1.500
Dividermen,
molders,
roll-ma
1.590
After 9 months_________ 1.550
81.675
chine operators, twisters,
1.530
Head icing-machine mixers __ 1.490
»1.425
bread panners__________ 1.460
1. 520
Wax-and cellophane-machine
81.275
Shipping and receiving clerks.. 41.260 81.320
1. 520
operators______________ 1.480
Men workers:
1.475
Enrobermen_____________ 1.435
OMAHA, NEBR.
Wrapping-machine set - up
1.475
1.435
Icing helpers____________
operators___________ _ 41.260 «1.320
1. 340
Women assemblers________ 1.300
Bread
and
cake—Machine
shops:
Bake-shop helpers_____ 4 1.140 81. 200
1.290
Flour dumpers___________ 1.250
Working foremen___________ 1.540
1.640
Wrapping-machine feeders
1.290
Dough feeders___________ 1.250
Cake
decorators___________
1.500
1.600
and
take-off men________ 4 1.090 8 1.150
Floormen:
Dough mixers, ovenmen, cake
Men workers (first 2 weeks):
1.140
First month___________ 1.100
1.500
1.400
mixers_________
______
Wrappers_______________ 4 1.030 »1.140
1.190
Second month__________ 1.150
1.430
Benchmen________________ 1.330
Bake-shop workers_______ 4 1.090 81.200
1.240
1.200
Third month__________
1.410
Machinemen______________ 1.310
Hand wrappers (women)____ 41.030 «1.090
1. 290
After 3 months_________ 1. 250
Ingredient scalers_________
1.300
1.400
1.190
Marshmallow women______ 1.150
DO.ugh-room helpers, checkers,
PHILADELPHIA, PA.
1.155
Women supervisors, working. 1.115
oven dumpers___________ 1.220
1.320
1.155
Women tally clerks_______ 1.115
Bake-shop helpers and pack
Bread and cake—Machine shops:
Women machine carton
ers:
Agreement A:
formers, package-machine
1.200
After 1 year_____________ 1.100
Head ovenmen__________
1.620
1.550
1.140
operators______________ 1.100
Stockmen________________ 1.100
1.200
Cake decorators, peel-oven1.110
Sugar-wafer oven girls_____ 1.070
Coolermen, wrapping-machine
1.545
men__________________ 1.475
Scalers and weighers (wom
1.150
1.050
operators (women)_______
Dough mixers, icing mixers.. 1.450
1.520
1.080
en) ___________________ 1.040
Bench and machinemen,
1.090
___
.990
Pan greasers________
Filling-machine operators
steam-box tenders, ingre
(women)______________ 1.040
Women cake-machine opera
dient scalers___________ 1.410
1.480
Sponge packers, wrappers,
.990
1.090
tors, twisters and panners...
Traveling-oven
feeders and
bundle weighers and car
Hand wrappers and icers
1.455
deliverymen___________
1.385
1.080
ton formers____________ 1.040
(women):
Bread coolers, mixers' help
1.040
Sweet packers___________
1.010
.910
After 1 year_____________
ers, dough punchers_____ 1.360
1.430
Agreement B:
Pie and pastry shops:
Route packers, pastry pack
Ovenmen, machinemen,
1.450
Pie mixers________________ 1.350
ers, bread wrappers and
1.785
mixers________________ 1.700
1.395
packers_______________ 1.325
1.280 1
Working foremen (women)___ 1.180
1.615
1.575
Mixers’ helpers, reliefmen—
4 44-hour workweek.
7 38-hour work-week.
*48-hour workweek.
842-hour workweek.
837^-hour workweek.
* Information not available for rate and hours on July 1, 1949.
25
T a b l e 1 5 . — Union scales of wages and hours in the baking industry, in selected cities , July 1, 1949, and July 1, 1950 — Con.
City and occupation
July 1, July 1,
1949,
1950,
rate per rate per
hour
hour
PHILADELPHIA, PA.—Con.
Bread and cake—M ach in e
shops—Continued
Agreement A—Continued
Flour pilers, dumpers; bak
ing helpers, pan greasers—. $1.245
Wrappers, icers (women)___
.960
Agreement B:
Tray- and traveling-oven
supervisors, oil-oven men,
reel- and rotary-oven men,
mixers, icing makers_____ 1.415
Tray- and traveling-oven
feeders, deliverymen_____ 1.365
Bench hands, machine oper
ators, steam-box tenders,
depositor operators, ingre
dient sealers___________ 1.325
Flour blenders___________ 1.290
Mixers’ helpers___________ 1.290
Wrapping-machine opera
tors, route packers______ 1.265
Reel-oven helpers, bakery
helpers, bench helpers,
oven helpers, depositor
helpers, wrappers, pilers,
handlers, roll baggers and
wrappers, pan greasers___ 1.160
Floorladies--------------------- 1.025
Wrappers and icers (women).
.925
Agreement C:
Head benchmen__________ 1.580
Mixers, traveling-oven oper
ators, tray-oven operators,
head cake decorators, in
ventory stockmen_______ 1.495
Steam-box tenders________ 1.455
Decorators, oven feeders,
deliverymen___________ 1.445
Divider operators, moldermen, greasing-machine
operators, icing-machine
operators, depositor opera
tors, roll dividers, ingre
dient scalers, benchmen,
doughnut fryers, filling
cooks_________________ 1.405
Working supervisors (wom
en)__________________
1. 390
Mixers’ helpers___ _______ 1.375
Selectors, flour blenders, as
semblers, wrappingmachine operators______
1.345
Rack and pan washingmachine operators______
1.320
Cake cutters_____________ 1.310
General baking helpers, pan
greasers, pan washers, ma
chine helpers, dumpers,
rolls and sweet goods
washers, roll panners,
rackers, pan feeders,
bread packers, carton
makers, Vienna and rye
cutters, depositor helpers__ 1.260
Hand icers, cake rackers,
doughnut tray packers
(women)--------------------- 1.055
Pan liners, cake hand wrap
pers, roll packers (women) - 1.015
Agreement D:
Working foremen_________ 1.400
Dough mixers, ovenmen, in
gredient scalers_________ 1. 300
Benchmen______________ 1.200
Depositor operators, icingmachine operators, cut
ting-machine operators,
wrapping-machine opera
tors _ .
...............
1.180
Pan greasers’ helpers.........
1.050
Floorladies______________
.900
Wrappers and icers (women).
.845
Pie and pastry shops:
Agreement A:
Working foremen_________ 1.544
Mixers, ovenmen, first hands. 1.500
Second hands_____ ______
1.410
Packers____ ____________ 1. 325
Third hands_____________ 1.245
$1,315
1.030
1.495
1.445
1.405
1.345
1.370
1.345
1.240
1.105
1.005
1.630
1.545
1.505
1.495
1.455
1.440
1.425
1.395
1. 370
1. 360
1. 310
1.105
1.065
1.450
1. 350
1. 210
1.210
1. 050
.940
.900
1.600
1. 500
1. 410
1. 325
1.245
City and occupation
July 1, July 1,
1950,
1949,
rate per rate per
hour
hour
July 1 July 1,
1949,
1950,
rate per rate per
hour
hour
City and occupation
PHILADELPHIA, PA—Con.
PHILADELPHIA, PA.—Con.
Pie and pastry shops—Con.
Agreement B:
Working foremen-------------Head order packers, ovenmen, cooks, dough mixers,
custard mixers-------------Order packers, ingredient
scalers________________
Cooks’ helpers, ovenmen’s
helpers-----------------------Toppers and fillers----------Pie makers, shell makers---Dish washers, helpers wrap
pers, utilitymen and clean
ers___________________
Pie wrappers, crown makers.
Floorladies--------------------Hebrew baking:
Bread and cake:
Foremen, oven hands_____
Second hands, dough mixers.
Third hands, helpers--------Fourth hands-----------------Cake only:
Foremen, ovenmen_______
Second hands, dough mixers.
Auxiliary workers-----------Crackers and cookies:
Agreement A:
Sponge and sweet baking:
Working supervisors_____
Machine captains----------Mixers________________
Bakers, reel or travel-----Rollermen____________
Sewing-machine operators.
Ovenmen, reel_________
Mixers’ helpers-------------Ovenmen, gas_________
Pan feeders (fast)_______
Dough feeders_________
Nabisco department:
Mixers, bakers, machine
adjusters------------------Grinders, mixers’ helpers,
spreaders and trimmers..
Floormen_____________
Packing and icing depart
ment:
Pin trolley operators------Working foremen_______
Tally clerk____________
Supplymen.___________
Pan dumpers (fast)_____
Machine set-up men_____
Paste makers, icing mixers’
helpers--------------------Stockmen-------------------Pan dumpers (slow), ritz
baking machine opera
tors________________
Tallymen-------------------Cutting-machine opera
tors________________
Scalers and weighers____
Floormen_____________
Women employees:
Working foreladies_____
Working supervisors___
Crackers and cookies—Con.
Agreement B—Continued
Stockroom packing mate
rials—Continued
Loaders_______________ $1.305
Dumpers______________ 1.250
Icing, wrapping, and pack
ing department:
Machinemen___________ 1.400
Wrapping department
helpers______________ 1.320
Icing mixers___________
1.275
Supervisors (women)____ 1.245
Miscellaneous packingroom helpers (women),
icing-room helpers, mag
azine feeders (women)... 1.095
Packers, bundlers, weigh
ers, stitchers, inspectors,
stitching-machine opera
tors, sugarers, baggers
and crimpers of lady
fingers, machine opera
tors, hand carton formers. 1.045
$1.500
$1. 550
1.400
1. 450
1.250
1. 250
1.200
1.100
1.150
1.250
1.150
1.150
1.025
.845
1. 215
1.050
.900
1. 300
i 1.933
1 1.867
i 1. 733
1 1.267
i 1. 933
i 1. 867
i 1. 733
i 1. 267
1 1.356
i 1. 356
i 1. 222
i 1. 222
i 1.000
i 1.000
(*)
1.425
1.400
1.375
1.305
1. 580
1.480
1. 455
1.430
1. 360
1. 360
1. 340
1. 330
1. 320
1.280
1. 250
(3)
(3)
1.275
1.265
1. 225
1.195
(3)
1. 375
(3)
C3)
1. 280
1.250
(3)
(3)
1. 305
1. 275
(3)
(3)
1.225
(3)
1.480
1.430
1.360
1.330
1. 320
1.280
(3)
1.175
1. 230
1. 230
(3)
1.165
1.155
(3)
1.125
1.065
First class packers_____ •1.035
Second class packers___ 1.005
Agreement B:
Mixing department:
Dough mixers, mixers’
assemblers___________ 1.400
Assemblers____________ 1.325
Dough mixers’ helpers___ 1.325
Mixing-room helpers_____ 1.200
Bake house:
Machinemen___________ 1.400
Ovenmen_____________ 1.350
Dough rollers__________ 1.305
Reliefmen_____________ 1.290
Bake-house helpers_____
1.250
Stockroom packing mate
rials:
Supervisors____________ 1.520
1.280
1.260
1. 225
1. 220
1. 210
1.280
1.180
1.120
1.090
1.060
1.455
1.360
1.330
1.225
1.455
1.405
1.360
1.345
1.255
1.575
$1.360
1.305
1.455
1.325
1.380
1.300
1.100
1.100
PHOENIX, ARIZ.
Bread and cake—Hand shops:
Foremen___ ___ _________
Mixers, ovenmen___________
Machine and bench hands___
Wrapping-machine operators_
Pan washers and greasers____
Hand wrappers:
First 6 months___________
Next 6 months___________
Thereafter______________
Bread and cake—Machine shops:
Baking department:
Foremen_______________
Dough mixers, ovenmen___
Machinemen, bench hands_
Pan washers, etc___ _____
Wrapping department:
Foremen_______________
Machine operators________
Machine helpers:
First 3 months_________
Second 3 months............ .
Thereafter_____________
Flour dumpers__________
<1. 545
4 1.447
41.347
41.197
4.898
4.773
41.591
41.447
41.392
4 1. 243
4.943
4.818
4.898
4.997
4.943
41.043
1.730
1.620
1. 500
1.010
1.780
1.670
1.550
1.060
1.450
1.350
1.500
1.400
.960
1.010
1.010
1.120
1.120
1.060
1.170
1.170
1. 570
1.470
1.420
1.300
.990
1. 570
1.470
1.420
1.300
.990
1. 570
1.570
1.470
1.470
1.420
1.360
1.420
1.360
1.300
1.300
PITTSBURGH, PA.
Bread and cake—Hand shops:
Foremen____ ____________
Ovenmen________________
Dough mixers, benchmen____
Helpers___________ ____
Wrappers and icers_________
Bread and cake—Machine shops:
Working foremen__________
Mixers, ovenmen, ingredient
scalers, cookers__________
Molders, dividers, benchmen,
machine hands, bread panners___________________
Oven feeders, dumpers______
Mixers' helpers, bake-shop
helpers, packers and truck
loaders___ _____________
Checkers and shipping clerks,
wrapping-machine operators.
Wrapping-machine helpers___
Helpers (women)__________
Hebrew baking:
Bread:
First hands, ovenmen_____
Second hands, mixers_____
Third hands, bench hands_
Wrappers_______________
Pan greasers_____________
Wrappers and helpers
(women)______________
Cake:
First hands_____________
Second hands, bench hands..
Dumpers, icers, wrappers
and packers (women)____
* Information not available for rate and hours on July 1,1949.
1.250
1. 250
1 . 210
1.210
2 1. 667
21. 604
21. 521
2.958
*.854
21.708
* 1.645
21. 562
2.999
2.895
.990
.990
*.708
a.749
21.604
21.521
21.645
21. 562
2.729
4 44-hour workweek.
26
T able
15.— Union scales of wages and hours in the baking industry , in selected cities, July 1 , 1949 , and
City and occupation
July l, July 1,
1949,
1950,
rate per rate per
hour
hour
City and occupation
PORTLAND, OREG.—■Con.
PITTSBURGH, PA.—Con.
Bread and cake—Retail shops:
Foremen_________________ *$1.729 * $1.770
Dough mixers_____________ * 1.667 * 1.708
Benchmen..... ....... .................. »1.583 * 1.625
Pan greasers______ ________ *. 875
*.916
*.749
Hand icers (women)________ *.708
Crackers and cookies:
Agreement A;
Mixing supervisors________ 1.415
1.525
Peelers-------------------------- 1.285
1.440
Rollermen_________ ____ 1.245
1.405
Ovenmen_____ _________ 1.195
1.355
Flour dumpers___________ 1.165
1.325
Cuttermen, reliefmen_____
1.285
1.125
Dough feeders, pan cleaners
and feeders, pan dumpers__ 1.095
1.255
Scalers and weighers______
1.105
(*)
Floormen_____ _________ 1.045
1.205
Women workers:
1.105
Working supervisors_____
.945
Sponge packers-------------1.085
.925
Sweet packers, carton
formers, scalers, weighers.
1.015
.885
Agreement B:
Mixing supervisors........... .
1.560
1.400
Mixers and machine cap
tains_________________ 1.350
1. 510
Peelers_______________
1.430
1.270
Head icing mixers________ 1.250
1.410
Rollermen_________ ____
1. 390
1.230
Oven firemen____________ 1. 220
1.380
Drawmen, ovenmen______
1.340
1.180
Floormen._____ ________
1. 290
1.050
Dough feeders___________
1.290
1.130
Cuttermen and reliefmen__ 1.110
1.270
Pan cleaners and feeders___ 1.080
1.240
Machine set-up men_______ 1.050
1.210
Scalers, weighers-------- -----.900
Women workers:
Sponge packers_________
1.090
.930
Scalers, weighers, sweet
packers, hand bundlers,
machine operators, car
ton formers__________
1.060
.900
B rea d an d ca k e—Machine
shops—Continued
Agreement A—Continued
Wrapping-machine operators.
Ingredient scalers, cake; flour
blenders_______________
Scaling-machine operators,
dumpers_____ __________
Helpers:
First year______________
Second and third year____
Cake wrapping-machine op
erators’ helpers_________
Women icers, hand; cakewrapping machine opera
tors________ __________
Agreement B:
Cake and pie workers:
Foreladies-in-charge of 4 or
more girls____________
Cake decorators........... ......
Women icers____________
Women with 1 year of
experience____________
Crackers and cookies:
Agreement A;
Mixers______ ___________
Peelers-------- -----------------Ovenmen_______________
Mixers’ helpers___________
Stackers________________
Other helpers____________
Women employees:
Packers_______________
Other helpers__________
Agreement B:
Machine captains_________
Mixers_________________
Peelers.________________
Ovenmen_______________
Rollermen, head mixers
(cone department)______
Scalers and weighers______
Mixers’ helpers___________
Dough feeders___________
Miscellaneous workers (cone
department)___________
Pan cleaners and feeders___
Packers (women)_________
Hand bundlers (women)___
PORTLAND, MAINE
Bread and cake—Machine shops:
Agreement A:
Dough mixers, ovenmen___
Dividermen, roll-machine
operators, ingredientmen,
benchmen______________
Dough mixers’ helpers, oven
loaders and dumpers,
moldermen, wrapping-ma
chine operators, shipping
and receiving clerks...........
Pan greasers, bread rackers,.
Flour dumpers___________
Twisters (women)_________
Agreement B:
Dough mixers____________
Dough mixers’ helpers_____
Dividermen, wrapping-ma
chine operators__________
Moldermen, ingredientmen
Twisters (women)_________
1.350
1.400
1.290
1.340
1.230
1.150
1.100
1.280
1.200
1.150
1.000
(»)
(»)
1.400
1.350
0)
(*)
(3)
1.300
1.250
.950
1.880
1.770
1.640
1.440
1.270
1.240
1.930
1.820
1.690
1.490
1.320
1.290
1.080
1.130
1.180
1.340
PORTLAND, OREG.
Bread and cake—Hand shops:
Foremen------ ---------------------Ovenmen, mixers......................
Bench hands.______________
Head checkers...........................
Assistant checkers__________
Packers, hand wrappers_____
Helpers:
First year________________
Second year______________
Third year______ ________
Breadand cake—Machine shops:
Agreement A:
Foremen______ __________
Ovenmen, mixers_________
Bench hands, cake............. .
Machinemen, bench hands,
bread; depositor operators.
* 45-hour workweek.
July 1, July 1,
1949,
1950,
rate per rate per
hour
hour
(*)
1.290
91.970
• 1.860
• 1.760
9 2.020
•1.760
91.810
91.910
91.810
* 48-hour workweek.
July 1, July 1,
1949,
1950,
rate per rate per
hour
hour
City and occupation
PROVIDENCE, R. I.—Con.
9$1.580 9 $1.630
9 1.490
91.540
91.410
91.460
91.170
91.410
91.220
91.351
91.400
9.919
9.944
91.306
•1.246
91.098
1.235
1.175
1.070
91.098
1.045
1.400
1.325
1.275
1.190
1.130
1.125
1.400
1.325
1.275
1.190
1.130
1.125
.885
.850
.885
.850
1.353
1.315
1.300
1.250
1.353
1.315
1.300
1.250
1.225
1.203
1.165
1.125
1.225
1.203
1.165
1.125
1.100
1.100
1.100
1.100
.880
.835
91.460
.880
.835
PROVIDENCE, R. I.
Bread and cake—Hand shops:
Working foremen, mixers,
ovenmen_______________
General helpers____________
Bread and cake—Machine shops:
Agreement A:
Mixers_________________
Dividers-----------------------Molders, traveling-oven men.
Hand wrappers, baking me
chanics, bread wrappers,
machine adjusters_______
Doughnut mixers_________
Helpers, packers, utilitymen,
doughnut wrappers--------Wrapping-machine helpers_
Agreement B:
Mixers, head ovenmen_____
Divider operators, head
benchmen, roll-oven men__
Molder operators_________
TJtilitymen— .......................
Ingredient scalers, mixers’
helpers_______________
Benchmen, head wrappers__
Roll-oven helpers_________
Flour dumpers___________
Ovenmen’s helpers, molders’
helpers, checkers................
Wrappers_______________
Packers________________
Agreement C:
Mixers_________________
Dividers________________
Molders________________
1, 1950— Con.
1.365
1.165
1.365
1.165
1.400
1.350
1.300
1.450
1.400
1.350
1.275
1.275
1.325
1.305
1.175
1.175
1.205
1.225
1.420
1.450
1.320
1.270
1.245
1.350
1.300
1.275
1.220
1.200
1.250
1.230
1.170
1.125
1.200
1.120
1.155
1.150
1.420
1.320
1.270
1.450
1.350
1.300
1.190
1.175
1.220
1.205
Bread and cake—Machine
shops—Continued
Agreement C—Continued
Ingredient scalers, mixers’
helpers_______________ $ 1. 220
Flour dumpers............ ......... 1.175
Molders’ helpers, ovenmen’s
helpers, checkers........... .
1.170
Wrappers_______________
1.125
Packers...............................
1.120
Pan greasers_____________
Agreement D:
Working foremen_________ 1.740
Mixer scalers.......................... 1.390
Mixers_____________ ____ 1.340
Ovenmen____ _________ 1.290
Divider operators, first
benchmen_____________ 1.215
Molders____________ ___
1.165
Wrapping-machine opera
tors, checkers, pan greasers.
Oven helpers, general help
ers, benchmen, shippingroom helpers.............. ........ 1.065
Agreement E:
Mixers (cake)......................... 1.430
Ovenmen_______________ 1.345
Scalers, fried cake mixers,
icing mixers, fryers, icingand cutting-machine oper
ators_________________
1.235
Floormen, cake and fried
cake helpers (after 2
months)______________
1.125
Stock clerks, pan greasers,
pan washers, pan paper
ing, cake and fried cake
helpers (first 2 months)__ 1.045
Women helpers:
First 2 months........... ........
.905
After 2 months.......... ......
.975
Agreement F:
Head mixers and scalers___ 1.520
Traveling-oven men_______ 1.345
Dividers------------------------ 1.320
Head wrapping-machine op
erators—
1.295
Molders____ ____________ 1.270
First benchmen--------------- 1.245
Mixers’ helpers----------------Ovenmen, roll-oven men,
ovenmen’s helpers, benchmen__________ ______
1.195
Benchmen’s helpers, check
ers, molders’ helpers_____ 1.170
Wrapping-machine operators. 1.125
Packers------------------------- 1.120
Pan greasers_____________ 1.075
Pie and pastry shops:
Cooks___________________
1.230
Bakers----------------------------- 1.180
Filling mixers, dough breakers,
helpers-------------------------- 1.130
Women employees:
Beginners----------------------.750
After 3 months___________
.790
After 9 months......................
.830
After 12 months__________
.900
After 18 months__________
.950
Hebrew baking:
Working foremen---------------- * 1.778
Second hands___ ___ ______ i 1.667
$1.250
1.205
1.200
1.155
1.150
1.110
1.770
1.420
1.370
1.320
1.245
1.195
1.115
1.095
1.460
1.375
1.265
1.155
1.075
.925
1.550
1. 375
1. 350
1.325
1.300
1. 275
1.250
1.225
1.200
1.155
1.150
1.105
1. 230
1.180
1.130
.750
.790
.830
.900
.950
* 1.889
* 1.778
READING, PA.
Bread and cake—Machine shops:
Agreement A:
Mixers___________________
Oven feeders, bread; oven
men, cake and sweet; all
round bakers___________
Dividers, molders, bench
hands, batter scalers, oven
deliverymen, bread-wrapping-machine operators,
machinemen, roll-machine
operators (bread), reliefmen, depositor operators,
auxiliary workers------------
* Information not available for rate and hours on July 1, 1949.
1.360
1.340
1.365
1.290
1.315
9 36-hour workweek.
27
T able
15.— Union scales of wages and hours in the baking industry, in selected cities, July l y 1949, and July 1, 1950—Con.
City and occupation
July 1, July 1,
1950,
1949,
rate per rate per
hour
hour
$1.290
1.215
1.165
1.165
.985
.945
1.390
1.365
1.315
1.235
1.165
1.315
.925
.905
RICHMOND, VA.
i 45-hour workweek.
July 1, July 1,
1950,
1949,
rate per rate per
hour
hour
RICHMOND, VA.—Con.
READING, PA.—Con.
Bread and cake—Machine
shops—Continued
Agreement A—Continued
Ingredient scalers, mixers’
helpers, bread checkers---- $1.265
Cake checkers, bread rackers, blenders___________
Bench or machine helpers,
cake dumpers, pan rackers, wrapped loaf stackers,
sweet-bun icers, semiauto
matic wrappers, helpers
(oven and other)------------ 1.140
Women employees:
Icing mixers, cake deco
rators, pan greasers and
washers, cake-wrappingmachine operators_____ 1.140
Checkers, packers, wrap
pers and cutters, cake
.960
icers________________
.920
pake and sweet wrappers..
Agreement B:
1.365
Foremen_______________
Mixers, ingredient scalers,
oven supervisors________ 1.340
Ovenmen, benchmen, molders, divider operators,
bread panners, flour
dumpers, wrapping-ma
chine operators, checkers.. 1.290
Bench or machine helpers... 1.210
Bread and cake helpers, pan
greasers, bread rackers,
oven helpers___________ 1.140
Women employees:
Cake decorators________ 1.290
Hand icers____________
.900
Hand wrappers, helpers...
.880
Bread and cake—Machine shops:
Agreement A:
Mixers_________________
Dividers________________
Molders________________
Wrapping-machine opera
tors, cake mixers________
Oven feeders and dumpers_
Ovenmen_______________
General helpers__________
Icers and wrappers (women).
Agreement B:
Bread:
Mixers________________
Divider operators, molder
operators, ovenmen____
Wrapping-machine opera
tors, mixers’ helpers----Oven feeders and dumpers.
Flour dumpers-------------Helpers______ _________
Cake:
Dough mixers--------------Cake mixers, icing mixers..
Ovenmen_____________
Doughnut-machine opera
tors—
Depositor operators_____
Ingredient scalers_______
Foreladies, bench hands. _.
Grease-machine operators.
Helpers_______________
Hand icers and wrappers
(women)-----------------Agreement C:
Bread:
Mixers________________
Ovenmen, divider opera
tors, moldermen______
Wrapping-machine opera
tors, mixers’ helpers___ .
Roll-machine men______
Oven feeders and dumpers. .
Foreladies_____________ .
Flour dumpers_________
General helpers________ .
City and occupation
1.320
1. 240
1.190
1.418
1. 330
1.330
1.190
1.170
1.140
.990
.940
1.280
1. 260
1. 230
1.080
1.030
(3)
1.410
(3)
1.330
©
(3)
(3)
(3)
1.320
1.190
1.140
1.280
1.260
1.180
1.080
1.410
1.330
1.280
1.190
1.090
1. 040
.990
.990
.990
1.280
1.180
1.180
1.180
1.130
1.080
.940
1.030
1.320
1.410
1.240
1.330
1.190
1.190
1.170
1.040
1.090
.990
1.280
1.280
1.260
1.180
1.180
1.080
Bread and cake—Machine
shops—Continued
Agreement C—Continued
Cake:
Mixers (cake and icing)---- $1.190
Ovenmen_____________
1.140
Depositor operators_____
1.090
Wrapping-machine opera
tors (women)_________
.990
Grease-machine operators.
.990
Helpers, men---------------.990
Wrappers, icers (women)__
.940
Agreement D:
Bread:
Foremen, working and
shipping_____________ 1.500
Mixers
1.320
Receiving clerks________ 1.300
Divider operators, benchmen, roll-machine opera
tors, molder operators,
relief men, wrappingmachine operators_____ 1.240
Mixers’ helpers, oven feed
ers and dumpers______ 1.180
Selectors---------------------- 1.120
Molders’ helpers, wrap
ping-machine helpers,
packers, flour blenders,
order packers-------------- 1.080
Bench and machine help
ers_________________
1.040
Sweet yeast and roll pan
ners—
1.000
Cake and doughnut:
Foremen--------------------- 1.500
Mixers, head cake decora
1.320
tors________________
Oven tenders, mixers (ic
ing and filling)------------ 1.300
Doughnut-machine opera
tors, foreladies________ 1.240
Cake decorator (women),
stockmen____________ 1.180
Wrapping-machine opera
tors (women), depositor
operators (women)____ 1.090
Icing- and enrobing-machine operators----------- 1.080
Doughnut tray packers,
depositors’ helpers, hand
icers (women), cake
slicers----------------------- 1.000
Helpers (women)_______
.950
Agreement E:
Bread:
Mixers________________ 1. 320
Dividermen, ovenmen___ 1.240
Moldermen____________ 1.190
Roll-machine operators,
wrapping-machine oper
a to rs
1.190
Dough mixers’ helpers___ 1.190
Oven feeders and dumpers. 1.170
Flour dumpers, wrappers,
feeders______________ 1.090
General helpers_________
.990
Cake and doughnut:
Mixers (cake and icing)---- 1.190
Doughnut-machine opera
tors . .......... .............. 1.190
1.140
Ovenmen_____________
Machine wrappers (cake)..
.990
Depositor operators, fore
ladies_______________ 1.090
Ingredient scalers............
1.040
Grease-machine operators.
.990
General helpers, icingmachine operators, cake
.990
counters_____________
Cake cutting, machine
operators____________
.940
Cake dumpers, icers, hand
wrappers, general help
ers (women)__________
.940
Crackers and cookies:
D o u g h m ix e r s _
1.175
Checkers_________________ 1.150
City and occupation
July 1, July 1,
1949,
1950,
rate per rate per
hour
hour
R IC H M O N D , V A —Con.
$1.330
1.280
1.180
1.180
1.130
1.080
1.030
1.550
1. 370
1.350
1. 290
1.230
1.170
1.130
1.090
1.050
1.550
1.370
1.350
1.290
1.230
1.140
1.130
1.050
1.000
1.410
1. 330
1.330
1.280
1.270
1.260
1.180
1.080
1. 330
1.280
1.280
1.180
1.180
1.180
1.130
1.080
1.080
1.030
1.205
1.180
Crackers and cookies—Con.
Machinemen (head), enrobers,
ovenmen_______________ $1.125
Wrappers and automatic car
ton formers______________ 1.100
Dough rollers--------------------- 1.075
Stockmen________________
1.050
Finished goods stockmen, ic
ing-machine men and mixers. 1.025
Receiving clerks, mixers’ and
bakers’ helpers___________ 1.000
Dough rollers’ helpers_______
.950
Shippers, stockmens’ helpers,
icing helpers, packing de
partment helpers_________
.925
Women employees, after 6
.900
months_________________
$1.155
1.130
1.105
1.080
1.055
1.030
.955
.930
R O C H E S T E R , N . Y.
Bread and cake—Hand shops:
First hands, working foremen,
decorators______________
1.580
Second hands, ovenmen, mix
ers, feeders, dumpers______ 1.480
Third hands, fryers, bench
hands__________________ 1.430
Bread and cake—Machine shops:
Agreement A:
First hands, working fore
men, decorators------------- 1.710
Second hands, mixers, oven
men, feeders, dumpers___ 1.600
Third hands, moldermen,
bench hands___________ 1.550
1.430
Wrappers, machine_______
Women employees:
Foreladies, decorators....... 1.230
Icers, general helpers-----1.030
Agreement B:
1.480
Mixers_________________
Dividermen_____________ 1.430
Ovenmen, oven dumpers
and feeders.
1.430
Oven loaders and dumpers.. 1.430
Moldermen, roll-machine
operators, benchmen, ingredientmen, machinemen, assemblymen, batchmen_________________
1.380
Flour blenders and dumpers,
mixers’ helpers_________ 1.330
Wrapping-machine opera
tors, checkers
1.280
Pan greasers, bread or pan
rackers_______________
1.230
Wrapping and slicing helpers. 1.205
Hebrew baking:
Ovenmen, mixers, first cake
bakers_________________ 1 1.978
Bench hands, second cake
bakers_________________ i 1.833
Crackers and cookies:
Agreement A:
Shop foremen, dough mixers. 1.380
Batch scalers, machine oper
ators, oven feeders, deposi
tor operators___________ 1.330
Cooky dumpers, pan clean
ers, carton packers and
helpers_______________
1.180
Women employees:
Foreladies____________
1.180
Wrappers and packers___
1.030
Agreement B:
1.480
Mixers_________________
1.430
Dividermen____________
Moldermen, ovenmen, benchmen, feeders, assemblymen, batchmen, dumpers,
foremen, dough mixers___
Flour blenders, mixers’ help
ers, batch scalers, ma
chine operators, feeders,
dumpers, pan cleaners,
carton packers and helpers. 1.330
Wrapping-machine opera
tors__________________ 1.280
Flour handlers__________
1.255
3 Information not available for rate and hours on July 1, 1949.
1.680
1.580
1.530
1.810
1.700
1.650
1.530
1.330
1.130
1.570
1.520
1.520
1.520
1.470
1.420
1.370
1.320
1.295
i 2.078
11.933
1.470
1.420
1.270
1.270
1.120
1.570
1.520
1.470
1.420
1.375
1.345
28
T able
15. — Union scales of wages and hours in the baking industry, in selected cities , July 1, 1949, and July 1, 1950 —Con.
City and occupation
July 1, July 1,
1950,
1949,
rate per rate per
hour
hour
ROCHESTER. N. Y.—
Continued
$1. 320
1.295
1.270
1.190
1.120
ROCK ISLAND (ILL.) DIS
TRICT
(Includes Rock Island and Mo
line, 111., and Davenport, Iowa)
Bread—Hand shops:
Foremen___ ______ ______
First bakers______________
Second bakers, benchmen___ 2 i i4g
*. 833
2 L 292
* 1.021
1. 520
1.420
1.620
1.520
1.370
1.470
1.170
1.270
1.020
.970
1.120
1.070
.820
.870
.920
.920
.970
1.020
1.180
1.180
1.100
1.080
1.070
1.045
1.240
1.230
1.150
1.130
1.130
1.150
1.030
1.080
.960
1. 010
.930
.860
.825
.980
.910
.875
.960
.890
1.020
.940
.860
.910
.825
.875
ST. LOUIS, MO.
Bread and cake—Hand shops:
Leadmen or first hands--------- * 1.296
Second hands, benchmen------ * 1.193
Bread—Machine shops:
1.753
Leadmen..... ....................... .
Oven hands---------------------- 1.643
Assistant spongers--------------- 1.588
First bench hands, scalers----- 1.560
Bench and machine hands----- 1.533
Bread counters____________ 1.368
Helpers, pan greasers----------- 1.340
1.223
Ingredient scalers..___ _____
Wrapping- and slicing-machine
operators....... ........................ 1.148
Beltmen:
First 6 months----------------- 1.073
Experienced__ __________ 1.148
i 45-hour workweek.
July 1, July 1,
1950,
1949,
rate per rate per
hour
hour
ST. LOUIS, MO.—Continued
Crackers and cookies—Continued
Agreement B—Continued
Pan greasers, bench helpers,
pan rackers, checkers and
packers_______________ $1,230
Wrapping and slicing helpers. 1.205
Cooky dumpers, rack pullers. 1.180
Women employees:
Floor ladies____________ 1.100
Wrappers and helpers____ 1.030
Working foremen______
Dough mixers, ovenmen_____
Bench or machinemen, wrapping-machine operators-----Checkers, shipping clerks, roll
panners, pan rackers______
Flour dumpers, stockmen,
packers, wrapping-machine
nelpers, rackers, open-kettle
fryers, pan greasers, icingmachine operators, helpers,
women cake wrapping-ma
chine operators---------------Cake dumpers_____________
Woman hand wrappers and
icers:
1 to 6 months___
7 to 12 months___
After 1 year.........
Crackers and cookies
Machine captains—
Batch assemblers. __
Mixers, experienced ovenmen._
Ovenmen, after 6 months..
Enrobers_____________
Oven firemen__________
Dough feeders, head icing mix
ers, experienced jelly- and
marshmallow men, s h i p ping-room helpers------------Beginner ovenmen, pan clean
ers and feeders, floormen___
Beginner jelly- and marsh
mallow men_____________
Scalers and weighers________
Trolley men______________
Women workers:
Working supervisors---------Machine operators________
Sponge packers, hand bundlers, tally clerks.................
Sweet packers, carton for
mers_________________
City and occupation
>1.296
* 1.193
1.753
1.643
1.588
1.560
1.533
1.368
1.340
1.223
1.148
1.073
1.148
Cake—Machine shops:
Leadmen_________________
Ovenmen, mixers__________
Machine hands____________
Cake counters_____________
Helpers__________________
Icing mixers, ingredient scal
ers..........................................
Car crews:
Inexperienced.................... .
Experienced_____________
Miscellaneous helpers:
Inexperienced (first 6months)
Experienced (after 6months).
Leadladies........................ .......
Women helpers:
Inexperienced (first 6 months)
Experienced (after6months).
Hebrew baking—Hand shops:
Leadmen, bakers, ovenmen__
Second hands--------------------Miscellaneous helpers_______
Crackers and cookies:
Agreement A:
Leadmen_______________
Oven operators__________
Cracker-dough mixers,
sweet-dough mixers, gra
ham-dough mixers, doughmachine set-up and oper
ators sponge mixers, enrobing-machine set-up and
operators--------------------Marshmallow-machine set
up and operators, icingmachine set-up and oper
ators_________________
Head stockkeepers________
Dough-break roll feeders___
Wrapping-machine set-up
men__________________
Agreement B:
Sponge mixing department:
Head mixers----------------Sponge and dough mixers,,
Mixers’ helpers_________
Sweet mixing department:
Head mixers----------------Mixers_______________
Mixers’ helpers_________
Baking department:
Machinemen___________
Peelers.______________
Ovenmen--------------------Oven take-out men______
Sheeters and laminators,
reliefmen (sweet)______
Stackers, men__________
Cost and raw material
checkers-------------------General help, semiskilled,,
Sponge and sweet-packing
department:
Supplymen-----------------General help, semiskilled,
men________________
Working supervisors,
women___ ____ _____
Checkers, women_______
General help, semiskilled,
women______________
Icing department:
Mixers, machinemen_____
Marshmallow and icing
mixers---------------------General help, semiskilled,
men________________
Women employees:
Machine operators_____
Machine feeders_______
General help, semiskilled
women, trolley girls___
Carton and caddy forming
and wrapping depart
ment:
Machinemen (set-up and
adjusters)____________
Machine operators, m en...
348-hour workweek.
City and occupation
July 1, July 1,
1949,
1950,
rate per rate per
hour
hour
ST. LOUIS, MO.—Continued
$1,753
1.643
1.533
1.368
1.340
$1.753
1.643
1.533
1.368
1.340
1.309
1.309
1.160
1.235
1.160
1.235
1.035
1.111
1.060
1.035
1.111
1.060
.935
1.010
.935
1.010
*1.563
*1.354
2.750
*1.726
21.417
2.813
1.525
1.525
1.575
1.575
1.500
1.550
1.475
1.350
1.325
1.525
1.400
1.375
1.210
1.260
1.310
1.200
1.100
1.360
1.250
1.150
1.310
1.200
1.100
1.360
1.250
1.150
1.300
1.260
1.200
1.160
1.350
1.310
1.250
1.210
1.130
1.110
1.180
1.160
1.080
1.030
1.150
1.080
Crackers and cookies—Continued
Agreement B—Continued
Receiving department:
Working supervisors_____ $1.180
Receivers_____________
1.100
Receivers’ helpers, loaders
and unloaders....... ......... 1.050
Shipping department:
Working supervisors, men„ 1.180
Checkers, men........... ........ 1.100
Assemblers and loaders,
men________________ 1.0.50
Agreement C:
Baking and mixing depart
ments:
Head mixers....................... 1.300
Bakers-------------- ------L 220
Sponge mixers__________ 1.220
Rollermen_____________ 1.200
Assemblymen__________ 1.220
Mixers’ helpers, stackers,
general help__________ 1.100
Packing department:
Floormen_____________
1.100
Women employees:
Working supervisors___ 1.100
Packers, sponge_______ 1.000
Tally clerks....______
.980
Machine operators..........
.950
Other helpers..................
.950
$1,230
1.150
1.100
1.230
1.150
1.100
1.505
1.455
1.405
1.305
1.275
# 1,255
1.155
1.155
1.055
1.035
1.085
1.005
ST. PAUL, MINN.
1.070
1.120
1.030
1.080
.980
.940
1.005
.965
.780
.805
1.200
1.250
1.145
1.220
1.030
1.080
.965
.860
.990
.885
.780
.805
1.230
1.170
1.280
1.220
Bread and cake—Hand shops:
Foremen, supervising 6 or
more workers____________ 11.488
Foremen, supervising 5 or less
workers, first hands.............. 11.377
Ovenmen, mixers_________ »1.311
Bench hands__________ ___ i 1.266
Wrappers_________________ *1.066
Helpers:
First 6 months___________ 1.866
After 6 months___________ i .977
Bread and cake—Semimachine
shops:
Foremen, supervising 6 or
more workers____________ io l. 566
Foremen, supervising 5 or less
workers________________ io 1.458
Ovenmen, dough mixers_____ io 1.388
Bench hands________ ___ io 1.341
Wrapping-machine operators_ io 1.129
Men helpers:
First 6 months___________ io. 917
After 6 months__________ io 1.036
Women hand workers:
First 6 months___________ 10.870
After 6 months__________ io. 988
Bread—Machine shops:
Foremen___ _____________ 1.640
Sponge and dough mixers,
ovenmen_______________
1.470
Bench hands, dividers, molders, bun-machine operators.. 1.390
Oven feeders and dumpers,
slicing- or wrapping-ma
chine operators__________
1.340
Stockmen___ ____________
Twisters, panners, oven help
ers, bench helpers............ .
Helpers:
First 8 weeks____________ 1.070
After 8 weeks____________ 1.170
Women workers:
Foremen_______________
1.200
Finishers, packers, wrappers:
First 8 weeks__________
.890
After 8 weeks__________
.970
Pies and doughnuts:
D oughnut-machine operators.. 1.470
Fruit and kettle fryers______ 1.340
Cake—Machine shops:
Foremen_________________
Mixers, ovenmen, doughnutmachine operators________ 1.470
Depositors, drop-machine op
erators, fruit cooks________ 1.390
i° 42J^-hour workweek.
11.540
11.430
11.360
11.315
11.166
i 916
11.037
io 1.630
io 1.510
io 1.440
io 1.390
io 1.182
io. 970
io 1.090
10.920
io 1.040
1.740
1. 570
1.460
1.460
1.310
1.250
1.100
1.250
1.250
.900
1.000
1.570
1.460
1.740
1.570
1.460
29
T able
15. — Union scales of wages and hours in the baking industry, in selected cities, July 1, 1949, and July 1, 1950—Con.
City and occupation
July 1, July 1,
1949,
1950,
rate per rate per
hour
hour
ST. PAUL, MINN.—Continued
Cake—Machine shops—Con.
Kettle fryers______________ $1,390
Ingredient scalers__________
1.340
Icing-machine operators,
wrapping-machine opera
tors, semiautomatic_______ 1.170
Helpers:
First 8 weeks____________ 1.070
After 8 weeks____________ 1.170
Women workers:
Foremen_______________
1.200
Finishers, wrappers, packers:
.890
First 8 weeks__________
After 8 weeks__________
.970
Crackers and cookies:
Head sweet-dough mixers___ 1.360
Peelers, reliefmen, spongeoven men, foremen________ 1.330
Head sponge mixers___ ____
Rollermen________________
Assistant sweet- and spongedough mixers____________
Machinemen, marshmallow
mixers, sweet-oven men, oven
firemen, drawmen________ 1.200
Pan greasers, flour dumpers,
dough scalers, sweet-oven
reliefmen, cracker stackers__ 1.160
Helpers:
Start___________________
.970
After 3 months................. .
1.040
After 6 months___________ 1.110
Women workers:
Floorladies______________
Cracker packers__________
Helpers:
Start...,_____________
.770
After 3 months_______
.820
After 6 months_______
.870
July 1, July 1,
1949,
1950,
rate per rate per
hour
hour
SAN ANTONIO, TEX.
$1,460
1.460
1.250
1.100
.900
1.360
1.330
1.280
1.260
1.240
1.200
1.160
.970
1.040
1.110
.950
.770
.820
.870
SALT LAKE CITY, UTAH
Bread and cake—Hand shops:
Foremen_________________ *1.410 21.410
Ovenmen, dough mixers____ * 1.250 21.250
Bench hands, ingredient scal
ers____________________ * 1.230 21.230
Checkers_________________ a 1.070 * 1.070
Women hand icers_________ a 1.040
1.040
Helpers:
First year______________
2.850
2.850
Second year_____________ 2.930
2.930
Third year______________ 2 1.040 21.040
Bread and cake—Machine shops:
Foremen_________________ 1.600
Dough mixers, ovenmen____
1.460
1.520
Ingredient scalers__________
1.390
1.450
Machine and henchmen_____ 1.340
1.400
Head wrappers____________ 1.270
1.330
Checkers_________________ 1.220
1.280
Bread rackers, pan greasers,
women foremen_________
1.110
1.170
Helpers:
First year---------------------1.000
1.060
Second year___ _________ 1.110
1.170
Women wrapping-machine op
erators_________________
.980
1.040
Women wrappers, packers,
labelers, sweet-roll panners,
and icers-----------------------.930
Crackers and cookies:
Machine captains__________
1.175
1.200
Ovenmen_________________ 1.150
1.175
Rollermen, assistant icing fore
men___________________
1.125
1.100
Out-panners______________
1.075
1.100
In-panners________________ 1.050
1.075
Pan cleaners, feeders________
.975
1.000
Cracker edgers____________
.925
.950
Sponge packers___ ________
.925
.900
Women machine operators___
.850
.875
Scalers and weighers________
.835
.860
Sweet packers_____________
.800
.825
.775
Cellophane-machine operators.
Filling-machine operators____
.775
.800
* 48-hour workweek.
* 44-hour workweek.
City and occupation
Bread—Machine shops:
Foremen_________________ $1.400
Dough and sponge mixers,
ovenmen and shipping clerks. 1.175
Dividers, wrapping-machine
operators, receiving clerks
and molders_____________ 1.050
1.857
1.732
$1.400
1.175
1.050
1.857
1.732
1.940 » 2.018
1.867 ii 1.942
1.783 ii 1.854
1.514
July 1, July 1,
1949,
1950,
rate per rate per
hour
hour
SAN FRANCISCO, CALIF.—
Continued
SAN FRANCISCO, CALIF.
Bread and cake—Hand shops:
Dairy lunches, restaurants,
cafeterias:
Foremen, ovenmen_______
Bench hands____________
Retail bread and cake:
Bread:
Foremen____ _________
Dough mixers, ovenmen__
Benchmen____________
Bench and machine help-
City and occupation
ii 1.575
Pie and pastry shops—Con.
Journeymen pie-makers...........
Helpers, after first year______
Pan cleaners............................
Wrappers, packers__________
French and Italian baking:
Foremen, ovenmen, mixers__
Molders,dividers, bench hands.
Bench and machine helpers,
after 6 months....... ...............
Crackers and cookies:
Mixing supervisors_________
Sweet dough mixers________
Machinemen______________
Mixers___________________
Peelers and ovenmen_______
Cuttermen and reliefmen____
Rollermen________________
Oven drawmen____________
Mixers’ helpers____________
Sponge stackers___ _______
Machine operators, wax paper.
Dough feeders, pan cleaners...
Assemblymen_____________
Flour dumpers.........................
Wax-wrapping-machine help
ers (men)_______________
Bench boys_______________
Working supervisors____ ___
Sponge packers, hand bundlers.
Carton formers, scalers and
weighers________________
Sweet packers_____________
*$1,870
* 1.550
«1.370
«1.370
$1,960
1.630
1.540
1.470
1.860
1.740
1.860
1.740
1.490
1.490
1.655
1.655
1.655
1.600
1.600
1.600
1.520
1.485
1.485
1.330
1.440
1.405
1.380
1.300
1.713
1.713
1.713
1.658
1.658
1.658
1.578
1.543
1.543
1.388
1.498
1.463
1.438
1.358
Foremen___ __________
ii 2.018
Mixers, ovenmen_______
1.867 ii 1.942
Bench hands__________
1.783 ii 1.854
Helpers:
First year___________
1.290
1.367 ii 1.422
1.348
After first year________ 1.514 ii 1.575
1.200
1.258
Pan cleaners___________ 1.367 ii 1.422
1.130
1.188
Retail cake only:
1.030
1.088
Foremen____ _________ *1.848
1.940
1.030
1.867
Mixers, ovenmen_______ *1.778
1.088
Bench hands__________ *1.698
1.010
1.783
1.068
Helpers:
First year___________ *1.352
1.420
SCRANTON, PA.
1.514
Second year__________ *1.442
Hand icers, women______ «1.442
1. 514
1.373 Bread and cake—Hand shops:
Packers, wrappers, cutters. * 1.307
Agreement A:
Pan cleaners___________ *1.302
1.367
Ovenmen, dough mixers, sec
Bread and cake—Machine shops:
ond hands_____________ *1.285 *1.460
Bread department:
Bench hands____________ * 1.173 *1.233
Foremen_______________ 72.020 82.045
Helpers_________________ *.923
Dough mixers, ovenmen___ 71. 960
*.993
Agreement B:
Dividermen, molders, tollMixers, ovenmen, first hands. *1.240 *1.240
machine operators, ingreBench hands, oven helpers__ *1.115 *1.115
dientmen, b e n c h m e n ,
Wrappers, utilitymen______ *.948
bread packers, pan greas
*.948
Helpers-------------------------- *.750
ing-machine operators,
*.750
women bench helpers____ 71.870 81.895 Bread and cake—Machine shops:
Agreement A:
Flour dumpers__________ 71.780 81.805
Bread and rolls department:
Bench-machine helpers:
Mixers, molders_________ 1.403
1.403
First year_____________ 71.500 81. 525
Proof-box men_________
1.403
1.473
Second year___________ 71.580 81.605
Third mixers__________
1.403
Pan greasers_____________ 71.400 8 1.425
1.403
Dividers______________ 1.393
1.463
Cake department:
Flour blenders, molders’
Foremen_______________ 72.020 82.045
helpers, mixers’ helpers.. 1.288
Mixers, icing mixers, oven
1.288
Molding-machine helpers. . 1.288
men__________________ 71.960 81.986
1.358
Pan setters____________ 1. 273
1.343
Ingredient scalers, scalingOvenmen_____________
1.263
machine operators, cake
1.333
Wrappers, pan greasers___ 1.238
1.238
dumpers, bench hands,
1.295
Packers_______________ 1.225
grease-machine operators,
Bench hands___________ 1.225
1.225
women auxiliary workers— 7 1.870 81.895
Hand wrappers_________ 1.188
Helpers:
1.258
General helpers_________ 1.125
First year_____________ 71.500 81.525
1.193
Cake department:
Second year___________ 71.580 8 1. 605
General utilitymen______ 1.358
Pan cleaners_____________ 7 1.400 81.425
1.420
Flour blenders, molders
Women workers:
and helpers__________
1.288
1.388
Cake wrapping-machine
Ovenmen, mixers_______ 1.220
1.295
operators____________ 71.274 71.300
Depositor operators, pan
Wholesale cake:
greasers_____________
1.170
1.240
Agreement A:
Helpers_______________ 1.108
1.178
Foremen______________ 72.042 82.069
Women employees:
Mixers, ovenmen_______ 71.968 8 1.995
Machine operators-------.970
1.040
Bench hands___________ 71.858 8 1.883
Icers________________
.920
Pan greasers___________ 71.326 81.344
.990
Other jobs___________
.920
1.000
Agreement B:
Agreement B:
Foremen______________ 72.020 82.047
Bread department:
Mixers, ovenmen_______ 71.960 81.986
Mixers, scalers, reliefmen.. 1.475
1.475
Bench hands, women aux
Tray-oven feeders and
iliary workers________ 7 1.870 81.894
1.425
1.425
dumpers____________
Helpers_______________ 71.580 81.601
Mixers’ assistants_______ 1.350
1.350
Pan cleaners___________ 71.400 81.419
1.325
Bread rackers__________ 1.325
Packers, wrappers, cutters
Dividers, molder operators. 1.300
(women)____________ 71.211 7 1.237
1.300
Flour blenders, wrappingPie and pastry shops:
1.275
machine operators.......... 1.275
Foremen_________________ »2.050
2.150
Pan greasers----------------- 1.150
1.150
2.080
Ovenmen, mixers__________ fi 1.980
738-hour workweek.
83 7 1 ^-hour workweek.
u 38%-hour workweek.
«42-hour workweek.
30
T a b l e 15. — Union scales of wages and hours in the baking industry , in selected citiesf July 1, 19J+9, and July 1, 1950 — Con.
City and occupation
July 1, July 1,
1950,
1949,
rate per rate per
hour
hour
SC R A N T O N , PA.—Con.
Bread and Cake—M ach in e
shops—Con.
Agreement B—Continued
Cake department:
Working foremen__
$1,650
Mixers “and scalers, icing
1.475
mixers______________
Ovfmmfln ...... ......._
1 425
Depositors
1.350
Wrapping-machine operators_________________ 1.275
Oyen helpers. ... .
1.250
Depositors’ helpers, ingredientmen____________ 1.225
Packers, dumpers_______ 1.200
Pan grousers _ .
1.200
Rnx sorters .. . _
1.125
Women employees:
Wrapping-machine operat-ors
_ ... _
.975
Wrappers, packers, box
makers, icers and general helpers, after 3
months
. _ ......
.925
leers and general helpers,
.850
first 3 months..............
Variety department:
Sponge and dough mixers,
‘sealers
__
1.475
Traveling-oven feeders and
dumpers
1.425
Wrapping-machine operators
1.275
Bun-machine operators---- 1.200
Biscuit dough rollers, as
sistant bench hands,
machine packers, ma
chine operators----------- 1.175
Bun packers, variety rackers, pan greasers and
rackers
1.125
Agreement C:
Reliefmen
1.455
Doughnut-machine opera
tors, oven operators, mix
ers
1.380
Wrapping-machine opera
tors, scalers, divider opera
tors, molder operators___
1.330
Industrial pan washers____ 1.280
Tray-nyenmen
1.280
Pan rackers_____________ 1. 255
Cake depositors--------------- 1.255
Flour blenders, doughnutmachine helpers
1.255
Depositor helpers, benchmen
1. 255
Mixers’ helpers, oven dump
ers and feeders, oven bread
rackers, cake dumpers___ 1.230
Bread packers, pan greasers. 1.185
General baking helpers____ 1.085
Women employees:
Working foremen------------ 1.185
Depositor helpers_______ 1.000
Pan greasers
1.000
.950
Bench helpers__________
Doughnut-machine help
.950
ers_________________
Cake cutters, machine
wrappers........................ 1.000
Selectors, floor girls, icers..
.950
Bread only—Machine shops:
Peel-ovenmen, molders, di
vider operators, mixers
1.445
Utilitymen------------------------ 1.445
Miters’ helpers
.. .
1.345
Flour blenders_____________ 1.335
Machine wrappers
1.295
Molders’ helpers, pan greasers.
traveling-oven feeders and
dumpers _
_
1.295
Bread rackers and pick ups:
First 3 months----------------- 1.170
After 3 months----------------- 1.295
Pie and pastry shops:
Fruit cookers--------------------- 1.550
Oven men
1.287
Fruit cookers’ helpers.............. 1 1.100
City and occupation
SCR ANTON, PA.—Con.
$1.550
1.475
1.425
1.350
1.275
1.250
1.225
1.200
1.200
1.125
1.000
1.000
SEATTLE, WASH.
.950
Bread—Hand and machine
shops:
Foremen __
Mixers, ovenmen, machinemen" _
Bench hands_
Control-room men__________
Helpers:
1 year’s experience________
9 years’ experience
Bread and cake—Machine shops:
Men-in-charge of miscellaneous.
Miscellaneous help:
1 to 6 months____________
7 to 12 months___________
After 1 year_____________
Women employees:
Floor ladies
Assistant floor ladies______
Machine operators, experi
enced
General workers:
1 to 6 months.. __ ___
7 to 12 months _
After 1 year . _
Crackers and cookies:
Agreement A:
First mixers, machinemen__
Second mixers, peelers_____
First ovenmen___________
Ppcond ovenmen
Rnllermen
Scalers, wrappers-------------Pan cleaners, feeders, other
helpers:
First 3ft davs. . _
Second 3ft davS _
Thereafter_____________
Women workers:
Experienced sponge pack
ers
Hand bundlers-------------Plain sweet packers_____
Agreement B:
Machinemen ...
_ ___
Mixers__________________
Peelers_____ ___________
Ovenmen ..
Rollermen______________
Feeders and other helpers:
First 30 days___________
Second 3ft days
After 60 days__________
Teers’ helpers ___ _
Women:
Experienced sponge pack
ers
Plain sweet packers.........
Hand bundlers-------------Agreement C:
Machinemen
Mixers_________________
Ovenmen
Mixing helpers-----------------
1.475
1.425
1.275
1.200
1.175
1.125
1.505
1.430
1.380
1.330
1.330
1.305
1.305
1.305
1.305
1.280
1.235
1.210
1.285
1.100
1.050
1.050
1.100
1.100
1.050
1.480
1.470
1.380
1.360
1.330
1.320
1.195
1.320
1.550
1.287
1.100
City and occupation
July 1, July 1,
1949,
1950,
rate per rate per
hour
hour
SEATTLE, W ASH .— Con.
Pie and pastry shops—Con.
Helpers__________________ $1.075
General helpers
.950
Crackers and cookies:
Mixers
1.360
Marshmallow mixers___
1.120
Peelers, machinemen, assistant mixers, nvenmen
1.080
Assistant, machinemen___
1.055
Ovenmen’s helpers_________ 1.035
Stackers, pan feeders, dough
rollers, oven feeders
.970
Pan catchers and greasers,
flour blenders, sugar grinders, general helpers________
.935
Women emplovees:
Working foremen
.835
Box makers-------------------.825
Machine operators and handlers___
.810
Packers, bundlers, stackers,
all others
.800
* Information not available for rate and hours on July 1, 1949.
July 1, July 1,
1949,
1950,
rate per rate per
hour
hour
$1.075
.950
1.410
1.170
1.130
1.105
1.085
1.020
.985
.860
.850
.835
.825
®2.016
»2.106
®1.891
®1.814
»1.515
«1.981
91.904
»1.605
®1.509
91.631
»1.599
91.721
1.185
1.250
1.000
1.050
1.130
1.050
1.100
1.190
1.110
1.060
1.170
1.120
1.050
1.110
.800
.850
.930
.850
.900
.990
1.605
1.455
1.485
1.405
1.355
1. 355
1.660
1.530
1.510
1.460
1.430
1.410
1.000
1.100
1.225
1.050
1.150
1.280
1.005
.955
.955
1.030
1.030
.980
1.565
1.480
1.465
1.415
1.365
1.660
1.660
1.530
1.510
1.430
(*)
(8)
(3)
1.305
1.050
1.150
1.280
1.360
.960
.915
.960
1.030
.980
1.030
* 42-hour workweek.
1.600
1.480
1.350
1.320 1
1.650
1.530
1.400
1.370
Crackers and cookies—Con.
Agreement C—Con.
Sealers and wrappers....
$1.280
Scalers, weighing-------------- 1.280
Tcing helpers.
1.230
Other male helpers:
First month___________
1.080
Second month.
1.130
Thereafter_____________ 1.230
$1.330
1.330
1.300
1.130
1.180
1.280
SO U TH BEN D , IN D .
Bread and cake—Hand shops:
Working foremen___________
First class bench hands______
Hheekers
Bench helpers
Bread and cake—Machine shops:
Agreement A:
Dividermen, benchmen____
Ovenmen_______________
Wrappers
Agreement B:
Mixers, ovenmen __
Dividers, head benchmen,
molder operators, receiv
ing clerks______________
........
Benchmen
Traveling-oven dumpers
Stockroom men _ _
.
Mixers’ helpers
Molders’ helpers__________
Pheclrers
Bake-shop helpers, conveyormen
Packers, machine setters___
Slicers, wrappers_________
Agreement C:
Dough mixers, dividers,
ovenmen______________
Sponge mixers.
Moldermen______________
Wrappers.
Oven feeders’ helpers
Checkers_______________
Molders’ helpers, bread panners--------------------------Slicers, flour dumpers, wrap
ping-machine helpers
Bake-shop helpers, loaders,
boxers feartons} _
Pie and pastry shops:
Ovenmen, loaders, dough
mixers, cookers, ingredi
ent-men
Pie table operators __
Oven helpers_
Fruit mixers, pie fillers,
wrappers______________
Dongh feeders
Receivers’ helpers.
Women supervisors
Miscellaneous women workers.
31.630
31.400
8.980
3 1.630
3 1.470
31.230
31.000
31.400
31.300
31.080
31.400
31.300
3 1.080
1.420
1.520
1.420
1.370
1.320
1.320
1.290
1.290
1.270
1.470
1.420
1.370
1.370
1.370
1.340
1.320
1.250
1.250
1.170
1.300
1.300
1.220
1.450
1. 350
1.340
1.270
1.200
1.120
1.550
1.450
1.440
1.370
1.300
1.220
1.090
1.190
(3)
1.050
1.150
1.000
1.100
1.120
1 090
1.040
1.170
1.140
1.090
1.020
.970
.910
.880
.840
1.070
1.020
.960
.930
.890
S P O K A N E , WASH.
Bread and cake—Hand and ma
chine shops:
Foremen, mixers, ovenmen,
cake ingredient scalers. .
71.830 71.910
Machine hands, dividers,
molders, machine cake de
positors ... .
71.770 71.850
Bench hands, hand cake de
positors
7 1.710 71.790
Flour dumpers, bread rackers,
machine wrappers, bread
and cake packers_________ 1.300
1.360
Pan greasers, cleaners and
helpers_________________ 1.160
1.220
Bread packers and cutters,
cake dumpers and wrappers. .970
1.030
Crackers and cookies:
Machinemen-------_ ___ 1.400
1.430
1.400
Mixers___________________ 1.370
Peelers
1.350
1.320
1.300
Machinemen’s helpers_______ 1.270
Ovenmen
1.300
1.270
Ovenmen’s helpers_________ 1.220 1 1.250
7 38-hour workweek.
*36-hour workweek.
31
T able
15. — Union scales of wages and hours in the baking industry , in selected cities , July 1 , 1949 , and July 1, 1950
City and occupation
July 1, July 1,
1950,
1949,
rate per rate per
hour
hour
Crackers and cookies—Con.
Mixers’ helpers____________ $1.190
Laminator operators________ 1.190
Rollermen’s helpers, dough
1.120
feeders_________________
Stackers, icing helpers, pan
cleaners and feeders, other
helpers_________________ 1.120
1.050
Miscellaneous workers______
Women:
.650
First 30 days____________
.700
Second 30 days__________
.750
Third 30 days___________
.800
Fourth 30 days__________
.850
Fifth 30 days____________
.870
Thereafter______________
Instructors_________ ___ 1.020
1.040
Working supervisors______
$1.220
1.220
1.170
1.150
1.080
.750
.775
.800
.825
.850
.900
1.050
1.070
SPRINGFIELD, MASS.
Bread and cake—Hand shops:
Foremen----- -------------------- *1. 550
Second hands, dough mixers,
bench hands-------------------- 31.450
Bread and cake—Machine shops:
Agreement A:
Working foremen, cake____ 1.450
1.390
Dough mixers___________
Ovenmen, cake---------------- 1.310
Shipping room___________ 1.270
Oven dumpers, bench hands. 1.250
Dividers, molders, relief1.230
men, oven helpers______
Machine wrappers________ 1.140
.960
Cake icers (women)_______
Helpers (women)_________
.910
Agreement B:
Foremen_____________ _ 1.450
Dough mixers, ovenmen
1.390
(bread)_______
Cake mixers_____________ 1.350
Ovenmen, cake______
1.310
Bench hands____________ 1.250
Dividers, flour blenders,
molders, scalers_________ 1.230
Dough-room helpers______
1.210
Floor ladies (cake)________ 1.070
.960
Hand cake icers (women)__
Agreement C:
Foremen_______________
1.450
Dough mixers___________
1.390
Bench hands, ordermen (re
tail shops), oven dumpers. 1.250
Dividers, scalers, floormen,
flour blenders, molders,
reliefmen..___________
1.230
Dough-room helpers______
1.210
Packers, slicers, icers, ma
chine wrappers, helpers
(men)________________ 1.140
Helpers (women)_________
.910
Hebrew baking—Hand shops:
Foremen-------- ------------------ 1.639
Second hands, dough mixers... 1. 523
Bench hands______________ 1.406
31.602
21. 502
1.490
1.430
1.350
1.310
1.290
1.270
1.180
1.000
.950
1.490
1.430
1.390
1.350
1.290
1.270
1.250
1.110
1.000
1.490
1.430
1.290
1.270
1.250
1.180
.950
1.639
1. 523
1.406
SYRACUSE, N. Y.
a 48-hour workweek.
July 1, July 1,
1950,
1949,
rate per rate per
hour
hour
1.475
1.370
1.320
1.303
1.475
1.370
1.320
1.303
1.245
1.220
1.190
1.140
1.245
1.220
1.190
1.140
1.120
1.120
1.455
1.405
21.455
2 1.405
1.255
1.205
21.255
*1.205
Bread and cake—M a c h i n e
shops—Con.
Agreement B—Con.
Bread department—Con.
$1.180 *$1.180
Pan greasers___________ 1.120 * 1.120
General helpers________
i*.960
Hand wrappers and other
.960
helpers (women)______
3
1.455
1.455
Cake department:
Foremen______________ 1.405 31.405
a
1.305
1.305
Mixers, ovenmen_______
Bench hands__________
a
1.255
Ingredient scalers, scaling- 1.255
machine operators_____ 1.105 ia 1.105
Decorators (women)____
Assistant decorators (wo 1.070 131.070
men) _______________
n.960
Wrappers, packers, check
ers (women)_________
1.415
1.375
Agreement C:
1.315
1.265
Foremen___ ___ _______
1.235
1.185
Ovenmen, mixers________
.945
.895
Benchmen______________
.875
.825
Helpers________________
Helpers (women)________
a 1.222
1.222
Pie and pastry shops:
Foremen_________________ 1.084 a1.084
Cooks___________________ 1.063 a1.063
1.038 31.038
Bakers___ ______________
1.015 31.015
Ovenmen________________
Machinemen, mixers________
TOLEDO, OHIO
Bread and cake—Hand shops:
Bread:
Dough mixers___________
Ovenmen_______________
Bench foremen___________
Benchmen______________
Utilitymen______________
Hand wrappers__________
Cake:
Mixers_________________
Bench hands____________
Women shippers__________
Women hand icers__.......... . .
Women helpers__________
Cleaners:
First 3 months_________
4 to 6 months__________
After 6 months_________
Bread and cake—Machine shops:
Agreement A:
Major shops—Bread divi
sion:
First and second mixers,
oven operators________
Head shipping clerk_____
Mixers’ helpers, dividers,
molders, travelingovenmen, wrappingmachine set-up men,
bread benchmen______
Flour blenders, ingredientmen________________
Bake-shop helpers, helpers
in packing, wrapping
and shipping rooms____
Women wrappers and
helpers______________
Cake division:
Ingredient scalers, dough
mixers, icing mixers,
ovenmen___ ________
Oven helpers__________
Dumpers, depositors’help
ers_________________
Stockroom men_________
Checkers, loaders, miscel
laneous helpers_______
Women workers:
Cake wrapping-machine
operators, wrappers,
packers, helpers, icers
(hand)____________
444-hour workweek.
City and occupation
July 1, July 1,
1949,
1950,
rate per rate per
hour
hour
TOLEDO, OHIO—Con.
SYRACUSE, N. Y —Con.
SPO K ANE, W A SH .—Con.
Bread and cake—Machine shops:
Agreement A:
Ovenmen__ ___________
Dough mixers___________
Dividers________________
Molders________________
Wrapping-machine opera
tors__________________
Ingredientmen___________
Flour dumpers___________
Oven loaders and dumpers. _
Bread rackers, packers, gen
eral helpers____________
Agreement B:
Bread department:
Foremen, ovenmen______
Benchmen, head................
Flour blenders, wrappingmachine operators ____
Oven loaders and dumpers.
City and occupation
■Con.
4 1.450
4 1.330
4 1.450
4 1.290
4 1.340
41.090
1. 590
1.590
1.510
1.460
1.440
1.190
41.390
41.190
41.190
41.090
4 1.040
1.550
1.410
1.320
1.240
1.150
4.910
4.960
41.030
1.190
1.240
1.310
1.490
1.440
1.340
1. 590
1.540
1.440
1.390
1.340
1.040
1.450
1.340
1.240
1.230
1.140
1. 550
1.440
1.340
1.330
1.300
1.040
1.140
Bread and cake—M achine
shops—Con.
Agreement B:
Bread only:
Dough mixers, ovenmen___
Shipping clerks, receiving
clerks_______________
Wrapping-machine opera
tors, oven loaders and
dumpers, dividers, mold
ers, roll-machine opera
tors, bread panners____
Pan greasers_________....
Flour dumpers_________
Bread rackers, checkers__
Female helpers_________
Agreement C:
Smaller shops:
Foremen______________
First mixers, foremen, cake
mixers, head oven opera
tors—
Cake and real-oven men,
second___ ___________
Yeast raised products frymen, bread bench hands,
roll bench hands, cake
benchmen___________
Dividers, molders, mixers’
helpers, bread panners,
second fill, puller and
sh over, wrapping-ma
chine operators_______
Ingredientmen, bench and
machine helpers______
Rackers, helpers, wrapping-machine helpers__
Agreement D:
Smaller shops:
Bread bench foremen____
Shipping and receiving
clerks_______________
Stock clerks___________
Yeast raised products fore
men, bread bench hands,
bread bench foremen___
Wrapping-machine opera
tors—
Cake bench helpers_____
Automatic-machine frymen, cake and doughnutWomen foremen, hand
wrappers____________
Pan greasers, cleaners____
Final decorators________
Conveyor women, bread_
Women helpers_________
Pie and pastry shops:
Working foremen, shipping
clerks__________________
Piemaker ovenmen, class A__
Bench hands, fillers, (class B),
male helpers after 90 days..
Women helpers, after 90 days..
Crackers and cookies:
Mixing department:
Head mixers_____________
Sponge mixers, flour dump
ers, assistant mixers_____
Mixers’ helpers___________
Baking department:
Oven No. 1:
Machinemen___________
Peelers-in_____________
Ovenmen, spray-machine
operators____________
Peelers-out, rollermen___
Intermediate rollermen__
Tray and panmen______
General labor__________
Oven No. 2:
Machinemen___________
Peelers-in_____________
Rollermen, ovenmen____
Peelers-out____________
Intermediate rollermen__
Traymen--------------------General labor__________
w 46-hour workweek.
$1.470
$1.570
1.370
1.470
1.340
1.290
1.250
1.015
1.440
1.390
1.350
1.320
1.115
1.470
1.620
1.220
1.470
1.570
1.380
1.480
1.360
1.460
1.320
1.420
1.270
1.370
1.220
1.320
1.410
1.510
1.370
1.360
1.470
1.470
1.360
1.470
1.320
1.270
1.420
1.370
1.260
1.360
1.200
1.300
1.250
1.240
1.150
1.150
1.140
1.050
1.050
1.150
1.380
1.340
1.430
1.390
1.240
1.290
1.160
1.110
1.330
1.330
1.180
1.260
1.180
1.410
1.305
1.410
1.305
1.280
1.260
1.280
1.260
1.200
1.200
1.410
1.330
1.280
1.260
1.410
1.330
1.280
1.260
1.160
1.090
1.200
1.180
1.090
1.160
1.090
1.200
1.180
1.090
32
T able
15.— Union scales of wages and hours in the baking industry , in selected cities , July 1, 1949, and July 1, 1950
City and occupation
July 1, July 1,
1950,
1949,
rate per rate per
hour
hour
$1,445
1.090
1.310
1.280
1.160
1.055
1.190
1.020
1.000
.975
1.380
1.160
1.090
1.190
1.090
1.060
1.040
1.000
.975
.915
1.260
1.160
1.363
1.300
1.195
1.055
WASHINGTON, D. C.
1.650
1.250
1.150
1.750
1.350
1.250
1.650
1.250
1.150
1.050
1.750
1.350
1.250
1.150
1.465
1.545
1.325
1.260
1.405
1.340
1.210
1.210
1.150
1.030
1.290
1.250
1.230
1.110
.980
1.020
1.000
1.210
.980
1.040
1.290
1.020
WICHITA, KANS.
Bread and cake—Machine shops:
Foremen_________________
Dough mixers, spongers, oven
men, head pastry men_____
Shipping and receiving clerks..
Dividers, panners, bench
hands, machinemen_______
Second pastry men..................
Bread twisters_____________
Checkers_________________
Pan greasers, bake-shop help
ers_____________________
Wrapping-machine operators:
First 3 months___________
After 3 months_________ ...
Wrapping-machine helpers___
WORCESTER, MASS.
Bread and cake—Machine shops:
Agreement A:
Working foremen_________
Dough mixers___________
145-hour workweek.
July 1, July 1,
1950,
1949,
rate per rate per
hour
hour
WORCESTER, MASS.—Con.
TOLEDO. OHIO—Con.
Crackers and cookies—Con.
Baking department—Con.
Oven No. 3:
Oven and machinemen__ $1,445
General labor__________
1.090
Icing department:
Men workers:
Machinemen___________ 1.310
Chocolate mixers_______
1.280
Icing and marshmallow
mixers______________
1.160
Supply clerks__________ 1.055
Women workers:
Working leaders________
1.190
Marshmallow - machine
packers and feeders, car
ton formers, scalers......... 1.020
Sandwich-machine packers
and feeders, caddy and case
formers, su p p ly and
lining clerks_________
1.000
Separators, crimp pack
operators, general labor..
.975
Packing department:
Men workers:
Machine operators.............. 1.380
Scalers_______________
1.160
General labor______ ____ 1.090
Women workers:
Working leaders................. 1.190
No. 2 bundlers_________ 1.090
Machine bundlers, tin
wrappers____________ 1.060
Sponge packers, carton
formers, scalers_______ 1.040
Caddy and case formers,
sweet packers, wrapper
feeders---------------------- 1.000
.975
Stackers.___ __________
.915
General helpers_________
Receiving department:
Stock clerks
1.260
Stock handlers___________ 1.160
Shipping department:
Order fillers.......................... 1.363
Stockmen_______________ 1.300
Shipping laborers_________ 1.195
Conveyormen___________ 1.055
Bread—Hand shops:
Day work:
Journeymen___________
Helpers_________________
Miscellaneous workers____
Bread and cake—Machine shops:
Day work:
Journeymen_____________
Helpers________________
Miscellaneous workers_____
Cake wrappers (women)___
City and occupation
1.580
1.420
1.630
1.470
Bread and cake—Machineshops—
Con.
Agreement A—Con.
Dividermen, ovenmen, reliefmen------------------------- $1.310
Mixers' helpers, moldermen
and machine operators
(shipping)--------------------- 1.260
General helpers___________ 1.180
Agreement B:
Working foremen__________ 1.580
Mixers___________________ 1.420
Bench hands, divider oper
ators, ovenmen, reliefmen__ 1.310
Mixers' helpers, molder op
erators, ingredient scalers,
oven feeders, dumpers,
wrapping-machine opera
tors, checkers___________ 1.260
Pan greasers, molder help
ers, rackers, bench helpers. 1.180
Doughnut department:
Head machine operators... 1.370
Mixers, machine operators. 1.260
Packers, boxers_________
1.050
Agreement C:
1.580
Bakery shift foremen______
Shift foremen, sweet goods__ 1.580
Mixers___________________ 1.420
Dividermen______________ 1.310
Moldermen, oven loaders,
oven dumpers, mixers’
helpers, batchmen, ma
chine wrappers_________
Bakery helpers, bread rack
ers, flour blenders....... ...... 1.180
Women employees:
Bench helpers, icing-ma
chine operators________ 1.180
leers, packers, wrappers,
cleaners______________
Agreement D:
1.490
Head benchmen__________
Mixers___________________ 1.420
Bench hands, dividermen. __ 1.310
Molders, tray ovenmen, mix
ers’ helpers, wrapping-ma
chine operators, shipping
packers, ingredient scalers. 1.260
Bread rackers, pan greasers,
general helpers (men)____ 1.180
Agreement E:
Foremen------------------------- 1.750
Cake bakers, benchmen____ 1.280
1.200
Dough mixers____________
Dividermen______________ 1.180
Wrapping-machine operators. 1.150
1.100
Cake decorators__________
Rotary-ovenmen__________ 1.070
Tray-ovenmen___________
Pie girls-------------------------Bench and machine helpers:
.940
Rate A________________
Rate B------------------------.850
Doughnut-machine opera
.895
tors___________________
.850
Moldermen_______________
.820
Bread panners____________
Checkers:
.940
Rate A________________
.920
Rate B________________
.920
Hand icers----------------------Pan greasers, bread rackers-Pie and pastry shops:
1.540
Working foremen___________
Mixers, dough dividers, oven
men, head shippers________
Head machine washer, assist
ant mixers, dough dividers’
helpers, machine feeders____
Checkers__________________ 1.240
Mixers’ helpers, fillers’ helpers,
checkers’ helpers, apple-ma
chine operators, homogenizers_____________________ 1.180
Pie machine and cake fillers
(women)------------------------- 1.060
Apple-machine helpers, fruit
cleaners, pie packers, boxers— 1.050
City and occupation
Con.
July 1, July 1,
1949,
1950,
rate per rate per
hour
hour
WORCESTER. MASS—Con.
$1.360
1.310
1.230
1.630
1.470
Pie and pastry shops—Con.
Apple- and pie-machine operators (women), packers
(women)_______________
Hebrew baking:
Foremen_________________
Second hands_____________
First cake bakers, mixers____
Second cake bakers, bench
hands---------------------------
1.230
1.100
YOUNGSTOWN. OHIO
1.310
1.230
1.420
1.310
1.100
1.635
1.630
1.475
1.360
1.310
1.230
1.540
1.470
1.360
1.310
1.750
1.330
1.250
1.200
1.150
1.150
1.150
1.000
1.000
1.000
.990
.990
.970
.950
1.570
1.410
1.310
1.270
1.210
1.080
1.080
$1,030
* 1.778
11.667
11.556
11.444
11.444
1.325
1.400
YORK, PA.
Pie and pastry:
Head ordermen, cooks, pack
ers, dough mixers, custard
mixers, ovenmen-------------Ingredient scalers, cooks’ help
ers, washing-machine men,
ovenmen’s helpers, order
packers________________
Pie makers, shell makers, top
pers and fillers___________
Utilitymen and helpers, dish
washers___________ ___
Pie wrappers and crown
makers, women__________
Crackers and cookies:
Machine captains---------------Dough mixers___ _________
Flour dumpers____________
Cookermen, ovenmen______
Dough brakemen._________
Machine set-up men________
Kilnmen_________________
Mixers’ helpers____________
Dough feeders_____________
Supervisors, women________
Helpers, women___________
1.360
$1.010
11.778
11.667
11.556
Bread and cake—Hand shops:
Bread:
Foremen_____ __________
Dough mixers, ovenmen___
Bench hands____________
Wrapping-machine opera
tors—
Dough mixers’ helpers,
benchmen_____________
Hand wrappers__________
Cake:
Working foremen_________
Ovenmen, mixers_________
Bench hands____________
Checkers-----------------------Helpers (oven)___________
Hand icers, women_______
Bread and cake—Machine shops:
Agreement A:
Foremen___ ___________
Mixers, ovenmen-------------Mixers’ helpers, benchmen,
machinemen, oven dump
ers and feeders, dividers,
twisters, bread panners__
Wrapping-machine opera
tors, checkers, shipping
and receiving clerks.........
Pan greasers, flour dumpers.
Bread rackers, wrappingmachine helpers, truck
loaders and helpers______
Hand wrappers__________
Agreement B:
Bread:
Foremen___ __________
Dough mixers, ovenmen__
Oven loaders and dump
ers, dividers, benchmen
and machinemen, bread
panners_____________
Shipping and receiving
clerks, checkers, wrap
ping-machine operators..
Pan greasers___________
Flour dumpers.________
* Information not available for rate and hours on July 1, 1949.
1.125
1.200
1.075
1.100
.950
1.020
.810
1.180
(*)
1.165
1.155
1.135
1.115
(3)
.900
1.310
1.235
1.180
1.170
1.210
1.190
1.170
1.165
1.155
1.080
1.100
1.025
.945
1.000
1.460
1.370
1.310
1.510
1.420
1.360
1.220
1. 270
1.100
.800
1.150
.850
1.460
1.370
1.310
.800
1.510
1.420
1. 360
1.270
1.160
.850
1.590
1.490
1.680
1.580
1.220
1.100
1.480
1.290
1.240
1.380
1.330
1.040
1.210
1.300
1.100
1.490
1.680
1.580
1.480
1.290
1.240
1.230
1.380
1.330
1.320
33
T a b l e 15. — Union scales of wages and hours in the baking industry , in selected cities , July 1, 1949 y and July 1, 1950 — Con.
City and occupation
July 1, July 1,
1949,
1950,
rate per rate per
hour
hour
Bread and cake—Machine shops—
Continued
Agreement B—Continued
Bread—Continued
Bread rackers, wrappingmachine operators’ help
ers _ .
$1.210
Hand wrappers
___
1.040
1.590
$1.300
1.100
1.680
Bread and cake—Machine shops—
Continued
Agreement B—Continued
Cake—Continued
Mixers, ovenmen_______ $1.490
Ingredient scalers, scalingmachine operators,
Cake: de
positor operators
1.390
City and occupation
July 1, July 1,
1949,
1950,
rate per rate per
hour
hour
YOUNGSTOWN, OHIO—
Continued
Continued
July 1, July 1,
1949,
1950,
rate per rate per
hour
hour
YOUNGSTOWN, OHIO—
YOUNGSTOWN, OHIO—
Foremen _
City and occupation
Continued
$1.580
1.480
Bread and cake—Machine shops—
Continued
Agreement B—Continued
Cake—Continued
Checkers, cake-wrappingmachine operators
(women) __
$1,290
Packers and helpers
1.210
Hand icers__
1.040
U. S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE: 1981
$1.380
1.300
1.100
@FedFRASER