Full text of Union Wages and Hours : Printing Trades : Union Wages, Hours, and Working Conditions in the Printing Trades, June 1, 1941 : Bulletin of the United States Bureau of Labor Statistics, No. 708

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UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF LABOR
Frances Perkins, Secretary
BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS
Isador Lubin, Commissioner (on leave)
A . F. H inrichs, Acting Commissioner

+

Union W ages, Hours, and
W orking Conditions in
the Printing Trades
June 1, 1941
+
Prepared by the
INDUSTRIAL RELATIONS DIVISION
FLORENCE PETERSON, Chief

Bulletin TV[o. 708
[Reprinted from the M onthly Labor R eview , December 1941,
w ith additional data]

UNITED STATES
GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE
WASHINGTON : 1942

For sale by the Superintendent o f Documents, Washington, D . C.




-

- Price 15 cents

CONTENTS

P a r t I .— W ages and Hours

Summary---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Scope and method of the study_________________________________________
Trends in union wages and hours, 1907 to 1941_________________________
Average union wage rates, 1941________________________________________
Changes in union wage rates between 1940 and 1941____________________
Night-rate differentials_________________________________________________
City and regional averages_____________________________________________
Union hours, 1941_____________________________________________________
Changes in hours between 1940 and 1941_______________________________
Overtime rates_________________________________________________________

Page
1
2
4
11
15
18
19
25
27
28

P a r t I I .— Provisions in Union Agreem ents

Parties to the agreements______________________________________________
Duration of the agreements____________________________________________
Union status----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Wage regulations_______________________________________________________
Hour regulations----------------------------------------------------------------------------------Vacations with pay____________________________________________________
Seniority, lay-off, and promotion_______________________________________
Working rules__________________________________________________________
Apprentices------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Health and safety______________________________________________________
Adjustment of disputes_________________________________________________

31
32
32
34
36
38
38
40
41
43
43

P a r t I I I .— Union Scales o f W ages and H ours, b y Trades and Cities

Wage and hour scales, June 1, 1941, and June 1, 1940-----------------------------

47

Appendix

Changes in wage or hour scales after June 1, 1941____________________
ii




79

LETTER

OF T R A N S M IT T A L

U nited States D epartment of L abor,
B ureau of L abor Statistics,

Washington, D. C., April 1, 1942.
The Secretary of L abor:

I have the honor to transmit herewith a report covering a study made
of wages, hours, and other provisions in the union agreements for the
printing industry in 1941.
A. F. H inrichs, Acting Commissioner.
Hon. F rances P erkins,




Secretary oj Labor.
ni




PREFACE

The Bureau of Labor Statistics has made surveys of union wages
and hours in the printing trades in selected cities each year since 1907.
The earliest studies included 39 cities. The coverage was gradually
extended— the current one including 75 cities.

Part I of the report includes various summaries and tables of
average union rates for the printing trades by city and region
as well as a table showing the trend of union wages in the printing
trades throughout the period 1907-41. Weekly hours and overtime
rates are also presented.
Part II contains an analysis of provisions in the union agreements
of the printing trades other than wage and hour scales. The analysis
includes, among other matters, a discussion of the usual methods of
negotiating printing-trades agreements, the status of the unions, vaca­
tions with pay, seniority, apprenticeship rules, and adjustment of
disputes.
Part III includes listings of the union scales for each trade which
were in effect on June 1, 1940, and June 1, 1941, in each city.
This bulletin was prepared in the Industrial Relations Division,
under the supervision of Florence Peterson, Chief. Kermit B. Mohn,
assisted by Robert L. Caldwell, was in immediate charge of the field
vork and the preparation of the bulletin.




y

CHART I

UNION SCALES OF WAGES AND HOURS
IN THE PRINTING TRADES
JUNE I

UNITED S TA TE S DEPAR TM EN T OF LABOR
BUREAU OF LABOR S TA T IS T IC S




Bulletin 7\io. 708 o f the
United States Bureau o f Labor Statistics
[Reprinted from the M o n t h l y L a b o r R e v ie w , December 1941, with additional data]

U N IO N W A G E S , H O U R S , A N D W O R K IN G C O N D IT IO N S
IN

THE

P R IN T IN G

PART

TR AD ES, JUNE

I .— W A G E S A N D

1, 1941

HOURS

Summary

The average union rate per hour for all printing trades in the 75
cities covered in a survey by the Bureau of Labor Statistics was $1,211
on June 1, 1941. The average for the book and job trades was $1,137
and for the newspaper trades, $1,350. Over two-thirds of the union
members in the printing trades had rates between $1.00 and $1.50
per hour— 65.6 percent in the book and job trades and 71.3 percent in
newspapers. About one-fourth of the book and job workers had
scales under $1.00 in contrast to only 4.3 percent in the newspaper
trades.
The index of union rates in the printing trades increased 1.3 percent
during the period June 1, 1940-June 1, 1941, raising the index to
114.1 (1929=100). The book and job group raised its index 1.2
percent and the newspaper branch, 1.5 percent. Over 40 percent of
the quoted scales provided for raises benefiting about 38 percent of
the members.
Union agreements in the printing trades provided an average
maximum workweek of 38.7 hours. In the book and job trades the
average was 39.5 hours; the 40-hour week was specified for 87.2 percent
of the membership. The newspaper trades had an average of 37.4
hours; almost half of the workers operated on a 37K-hour basis. Very
few changes in hour schedules were made during the year. The
indexes for all trades combined declined by one-tenth of 1 percent to
87.5 (1929=100). The book and job index (89.4) showed no change,
but the newspaper index was reduced by three-tenths of 1 percent
to 84.3.
Overtime in the printing trades is practically always paid for at
the rate of time and a half. Over 99 percent of the union members
were covered by this provision.




1

2

UNION WAGES AND HOURS*— PRINTING TRADES

Scope and Method of Study

Data on union scales of wages and hours in the printing trades
have been collected by the Bureau of Labor Statistics each year
since 1907. The early studies were made in 39 cities and included
7 book and job occupations and 4 newspaper occupations. The
study has been gradually extended to cover 75 cities and now includes
11 book and job occupations and 8 newspaper occupations. These
cities are located in 40 States and the District of Columbia.1
As far as possible the scales covered were those actually in effect
on June 1. The collection of the data was made by agents of the
Bureau who personally visited some responsible official of each local
union included in the study. Each scale was verified by the union
official interviewed, and was further checked by comparison with
the written agreements when copies were available. The 1941
survey included 2,496 quotations of scales covering 65,012 union
members in the book and job trades and 35,065 in the newspaper
trades, a total of approximately 100,000 members.
Union scale.—A union scale is a scale of wages and hours agreed
to by an employer (or group of employers) and a labor organization

i The following are the cities covered. The numerals indicate the population group in which the city
is included in tables 8 and 9.
North and Pacific
New Haven, Conn., IV.
Baltimore, Md., II.
New York, N. Y., I.
Binghamton, N. Y., V.
Omaha, Nebr., IV.
Boston, Mass., II.
Peoria, 111., IV.
Buffalo, N. Y., II.
jrimaueipuia,
r a ., I.
x.
Philadelphia, Pa.,
Butte, Mont., V.
Pittsburgh, Pa., II.
Charleston, W. Va., V.
Portland, Maine, V.
v^uicagu,
Chicago, 111.,
xii., I.
x.
Portland, Oreg., III.
Cincinnati, Ohio, III.
Providence, R. I., III.
Cleveland, Ohio, II.
xieauuig,
Reading, Pa.,
jra., x
IV.
v.
Columbus, Ohio, III.
Island (111.) Rochester, N. Y., III.
Rock Island (111.) district, IV.
St. Louis, Mo., II.
Dayton, Ohio, IV.
St. Paul, Minn., III.
Denver, Colo., III.
Salt
Lake City, Utah, IV.
Des Moines, Iowa, IV.
San Francisco, Calif., II.
Detroit, Mich., I.
Scranton,
Pa., IV.
Duluth, Minn., IV.
Seattle, Wash., III.
Erie, Pa., IV.
South
Bend,
Ind., IV.
Grand Rapids, Mich., IV.
Spokane, Wash., IV.
Indianapolis, Ind., III.
Springfield,
Mass.,
IV.
Kansas City, Mo., III.
Toledo, Ohio, III.
Los Angeles, Calif., I.
Washington, D. C., II.
Madison, Wis., V.
Manchester, N. H., V.
Wichita, Kans., IV.
Worcester, Mass., IV.
Milwaukee, Wis., II.
York, Pa., V.
Minneapolis, Minn., III.
Moline, 111., included in Rock Island (111.) district. Youngstown, Ohio, IV.
Newark, N. J., III.
South and Southwest
Memphis,
>mpl Tenn., III.
Atlanta, Ga., III.
Birmingham, Ala., III.
Mobile,
>bile Ala., V.
Charleston, S. C., V.
Nashville,
iMusuviue, Tenn.,
xeuu., xv.
IV.
Charlotte, N. C., IV.
New Orleans, La., III.
Norfolk, Va., IV.
Dallas, Tex., III.
Oklahoma City, Okla., IV.
El Paso, Tex., V.
Phoenix, Ariz., V.
Houston, Tex., III.
Richmond, Va., TV.
Jackson, Miss., V.
San Antonio, Tex., III.
Jacksonville, Fla., IV.
Tampa, Fla., IV.
Little Rock, Ark., V.
Louisville, Ky., III.
Jj OS A H ^ C lc S ) v » l u * » A*




WAGES AND HOURS

3

for persons who are actually working or would be working if there
were work to be done in that locality.
Union reties and actual rates.—The union scale usually fixes the
minimum wages and maximum hours. More experienced and skilled
workers may earn more than the union rate. This is especially true
during periods of prosperity, when a plentiful supply of jobs creates
competitive bidding for the better workmen. In periods of depression,
in order to spread or share available work, actual hours worked are
sometimes less than those provided in the union agreement. Where
such a share-the-work policy was formally adopted by the union and
was in effect for the majority of the members, the existing scale of
hours was used in this report rather than the theoretical scale appear­
ing in the written agreement.
Union rates and prevailing rates.— This report is concerned only
with the contract scales for union members. No attempt was made to
discover what proportions of all the workers in the different occupa­
tions were union members. As union strength varies from city to
city and trade to trade, the prevailing scale for any one occupation in
any one city may or may not coincide with the union scale. If prac­
tically all the workers of a particular trade belong to the local union
the union scale will be equivalent to the prevailing scale in that com­
munity. On the other hand, if the proportion of craftsmen belonging
to the union is small, the union scale may not be the actual prevailing
scale.
Apprentices and foremen.— A young person working in the trade for
a definite number of years, for the purpose of learning the trade, and
receiving instruction as an element of compensation, is considered an
apprentice. Scales for apprentices are not included.
No rates are included for strictly supervising foremen or for indi­
viduals who are paid unusual rates because of some personal quali­
fication as distinct from the usual trade qualifications.
Averages.— The averages for each trade given in this report are
weighted according to the number of members covered by each rate.
When a union representative reported more than one occupational
wage rate he was requested to divide the total membership of his local
union, allotting to each quotation the number normally working for
the rate specified. Members who happened to be unemployed on
June 1 were included in the quotation of the rate that they regularly
receive when working. Honorary and inactive members were ex­
cluded, as were members employed in government printing plants
where wage scales are not established through agreements with the
unions. In computing the averages, each particular wage rate or
hour scale was weighted by the number of members reported in that
particular quotation. Thus the averages reflect not only the actual

457414°—42------ 2



4

UNION WAGES AND HOURS'— PRINTING TRADES

rates provided in the union agreements but also the number of persons
presumably benefiting from these rates.
Index numbers.— In the series of index numbers the percentage
change from year to year is based on aggregates computed from the
quotations of unions which furnished reports for identical occupations
in both years. The membership weights in both of the aggregates
used in each year-to-year comparison are those reported for the second
year. The index for each year is computed by multiplying the index
for the preceding year by the ratio of the aggregates so obtained.
The index numbers were revised on this basis in 1936 in order to
eliminate the influence of changes in union membership which
obscure the real changes in wages and hours.
Caution: For the trend of union rates, the table of indexes (table 1)
should be consulted; for a comparison of wage rates between trades
at a given time, the table of averages (table 4) should be used.
Trends in Union Wages and Hours, 1907 to 1941

Hourly wage rates.— Union wage rates in the printing trades in­
creased 1.3 percent during the period from June 1, 1940, to June 1,
1941, raising the index (1929=100) to 114.1. The newspaper branch
showed a slightly larger increase (1.5 percent) than the book and job
trades (1.2 percent), the 1941 indexes being 115.1 and 113.5, respec­
tively. (See table 2 for indexes of individual trades.)
Since the beginning of the series in 1907, rates for the book and
job trades and those for the newspaper trades have advanced at a
progressive yearly increase, on the average, of 4.0 percent and 3.2
percent, respectively. The actual increases from year to year were
gradual and steady until 1918. During the following 3 years
union wage rates advanced rapidly. For all trades combined they
increased 72 percent—book and job, 77 percent, and newspaper, 60
percent. Unlike wages in most other industries and trades, rates in
the union printing trades were not generally reduced during the post­
war depression of 1921-22. Subsequent to 1922 the trend of rates
again resumed a gradual increase until 1931, following which the only
backward steps in the trend of union wages in the printing trades oc­
curred. By May 1, 1933, general decreases had reduced the index
6.5 percent in the book and job trades and 6.7 percent in the news­
paper trades. However, recovery was rapid and by 1935 the lost
ground had been regained and the steady climb to the present indexes
continued.
Weekly hours.— There was practically no change in the index of
full-time weekly hours in all printing trades during the period June 1,
1940-June 1, 1941. The book and job index showed no change




5

WAGES AND HOURS

whatsoever, maintaining its previous index of 89.4, while the newspaper
index was reduced by three-tenths of 1 percent to a figure of 84.3.
T able 1.— Indexes o f Union H ourly W age Rates and W eekly H ours in A U Printing
Trades, 1907 to 1941

[1929=100]
Hourly wage rates
Year
1907................................................................
1908............................................................... 1909..................................................................
1910__________ ____________ __________
1911...._____ ________________________
1912._______ _________________________
1913_____ ____________________ ________
1914.............................. .....................................
1915____ _____ ________________________
1916_____ ____________________________
1917..............................................................—
1918..................... .......................... ...............1919.........................- ___________________
1920...._____ __________________ ______
1921___ ________ ___________ ____ _____
1922_______________________ __________
1923................................. ................................
1924...................................................................
1925.............— _____ ___________ _____ _
1926............ .......................... ........................1927___ _____ ________________________
1928_____ _____________ ____________ —
1929...______________ ________________
1930......________________— ................1931...______ _____ ___________________
1932..._________ _________________ ____
1933..................................................................
1934--------------------------------------------------1935...____ __________________________
1936..._______________________________
1937...--------------- -------------------------------1938...-----------------------------------------------1939....................— ........... ................... ........
1940...----------- -----------------------------------1941...------------------------------------------------

All
Book
printing and job
0)
0)
(0
0)40.0
40.7
41.5
42.3
42.5
42.9
44.4
48.3
59.1
75.7
83.0
83.8
86.4
90.6
92.0
94.0
96.7
98.5
100.0
101.5
102.1
101.3
95.3
97.3
101.0
103.3
106.8
110.2
111.2
112.7
114.1

30.0
33.3
35.7
37.6
38.6
39.3
40.0
40.9
41.1
41.7
43.2
47.8
58.9
76.9
84.7
85.0
88.3
92.0
92.9
95.0
97.3
98.7
100.0
101.8
102. 5
101.4
95.8
98.4
100.6
103.5
106.7
110.4
111.2
112.2
113.5

Weekly hours

News­
AU
Book
paper printing and job
39.2
41.3
43.1
44.6
45.2
46.0
47.0
47.5
47.8
48.0
49.2
51.6
62.2
76.1
82.8
83.5
84.4
89.5
91.1
93.1
95.9
98.3
100.0
101.0
101.3
101.1
94.5
95.8
101.6
103.1
107.0
109.8
111.1
113.5
115.1

0)
0)
(0
111.6
111.5
111.4
111.3
111.3
111.3
111. 3
111.3
111.3
108.1
101. 5
101.1
100.7
100.3
100.3
100.2
100.1
100.1
100.0
99.9
99.8
96.5
95.7
90.8
89.3
88.9
88.5
88.1
87.8
87.6
87.5
il)

122.4
116.8
115.8
115.4
115.4
115.3
115.3
115.3
115.3
115.3
115.3
115.3
115.2
110.9
102.1
100.8
100.2
100.2
100.3
100.1
100.1
100.1
100.0
99.9
99.9
96.1
95.1
91.8
90.4
90.5
90.3
89.9
89.6
89.4
89.4

News­
paper
102.3
101.8
101.5
101.3
101.3
101.1
101.0
100.8
100.7
100.6
100.6
100.6
100.8
100.7
100.4
102.4
102.2
100.8
100.5
100.7
100.4
m2
100.0
99.8
99.8
97.3
96.8
89.1
87.6
86.5
85.7
85.3
84.9
84.6
84.3

i Combined data for the years 1907-10 not available.
The trend of weekly hours in the printing trades is marked by short
periods of abrupt change followed by long intervals of practically no
change. This is especially true in the book and job branch. The
index of weekly hours for this branch indicates a 27-percent reduction
from 1907 to 1941. Practically all of this decrease occurred in three
short periods— 1907-9, 1919-22, and 1931-35. The most noticeable
reduction in weekly hours occurred during the period 1919-22, when
the printing-trades unions concentrated on a drive for the 44-hour
week. As a result, maximum weekly hours were decreased by 12.5
percent. Average weekly hours remained relatively unchanged for
the next 9 years, after which a combination of factors— various sharethe-work plans established during the depression, and the NBA
40-hour-week program— induced a movement for another sharp




6

UNION WAGES AND HOURS— PRINTING TRADES

reduction. During this period (1931-35) weekly hours in the book
and job branch decreased 9.5 percent. Since 1935 the decreases have
been very slight, the 1941 index being only 1.2 percent lower.
The index of weekly hours in the newspaper branch did not change
materially during the entire period from 1907 to 1931, representing,
in general, scales from 40 to 48 hours. A slight increase in the index
was indicated in 1922 but the effect of this upturn was practically
canceled by 1924. Beginning in 1931 and continuing until 1936, the
hours for newspaper workers decreased rapidly. The reductions
during these 5 years (13.3 percent) amounted to over five times the
amount (2.5 percent) of the reductions for the 25-year period preceding
them. The greater part of this decrease occurred between May 15,
1933, and May 15, 1934, when the newspaper index declined by 8
percent. These recent declines represent an ever-widening adoption
of weekly scales of less than 40 hours a week.
T R E N D S IN IN D IV ID U A L T R A D E S

Hourly wage rates.—Each of the trades appearing in tables 2 and
3 registered increases in their average rates during the period June 1,
1940, to June 1, 1941. The mailers in the newspaper branch recorded
the largest average increase (4 percent). The bindery women (2.5
percent) and the electro typers (2.1 percent) had the largest increases
among the book and job trades. None of the other trades in either
branch reported an average advance of as much as 2 percent, although
5 of the book and job trades, in addition to the 2 mentioned above,
and all of the newspaper trades except the photoengravers showed
average increases of at least 1 percent.
Compared with the base year, 1929, the photoengravers showed the
greatest increase in average hourly rates, their 1941 indexes indicating
an 18.9-percent rise in the book and job branch and a 19.6-percent
advance in the newspaper branch. Book and job electrotypers re­
corded the next highest increase (16.8 percent). All of the other trades
in both branches, with the exception of machine operators in book and
job work, increased their 1929 averages by at least 10 percent and all
of the newspaper trades advanced their average rates by at least 13
percent.
Weekly hours.— Seven of the 11 book and job trades did not register
a change in their average weekly hours during the past year. Only
the bookbinders, photoengravers, and platen pressmen succeeded in
reducing their indexes, although none of the decreases amounted to
more than two-tenths of 1 percent. In contrast all of the newspaper
trades showed declining indexes, with the stereo typers leading with a
reduction of 1.2 percent; the decreases were of less than 1 percent in
each of the other cases.



7

WAGES AND HOURS

In relation to the base year (1929) the electro typers’ index for 1941
(81.7) reflected the greatest reduction in average allowed hours among
the book and job trades. The least reduction among the book and
job trades was that of the press assistants and feeders, whose 1941
index showed a decline of 8.5 percent during the 12-year period. The
three typographic trades (compositors, machine operators, and ma­
chine tenders) had the greatest reductions in hours since 1929 (17.0,
18.2, and 20.6 percent, respectively) among the newspaper trades.
The indexes for each printing trade, except mailers, are shown in
table 2. Separate indexes for day and night work in the newspaper
trades are not shown, since the movement is very similar.
T able 2.— Indexes o f Union H ourly W age Rates and W eekly Hours in Each Printing
Trade

BOOK AND JOB
[1929=100]

Year

Bindery
women

Bookbinders Compositors,
hand

Machine
operators

Machine
tenders
(machinists)

Wage Hours Wage Hours Wage Hours Wage Hours Wage Hours
rate
rate
rate
rate
rate
1907..............................................
1908.............................................
1909.............................................
1910..............................................
1911..............................................
1912..............................................
1913
1914.............................................
1915..............................................
1916..............................................
1917______________________
1918..............................................
1919............................... .............
1920..............................................
1921..............................................
1922..............................................
1923..............................................
1924..............................................
1925.............................................
1926.............................................
1927.............................................
1928.............................................
1929.............................................
1930.............................................
1931.............................................
1932.............................................
1933..............................................
1934.............................................
1935...........................................
1936..............................................
1937..............................................
1938..............................................
1939..............................................
1940..............................................
1941 ...........................................




37.3
37.9
40.6
45.3
58.7
81.1
94.7
91.7
95.8
97.2
98.3
96.4
98.7
99.2
100.0
100.7
101.2
98.7
94.8
99.6
100.5
102.4
104.0
109.0
110.6
111.1
113.9

107.0
107.0
107.0
107.0
107.0
107.0
102.1
100.8
100.3
100.3
100.3
100.5
99.9
99.8
100.0
99.9
99.8
99.9
99.9
93.5
92.8
92.4
91.9
91.5
90.4
90.4
90.4

33.5
37.0
37.5
37.9
38.6
38.8
39.8
40.4
40.5
40.6
43.1
48.4
61.8
81.2
88.9
85.3
90.5
94.5
95.6
97.3
99.4
98.9
100.0
101.2
101.6
97.9
94.4
97.9
99.3
100.6
103.4
107.2
109.3
109.9
111.5

119.4
108.7
108.1
107.7
107.4
107.4
107.4
107.4
107.4
107.4
107.4
107.4
107.4
107.4
101.9
100.9
100.4
100.1
100.4
100.3
100.0
100.7
100.0
99.9
99.8
99.7
99.6
93.1
91.5
91.5
91.5
91.2
90.0
90.0
89.9

35.9
36.0
36.0
37.6
38.6
39.4
39.9
40.9
41.1
42.0
42.9
47.3
57.8
76.1
87.3
88.8
90.9
94.9
94.4
96.3
98.0
99.5
100.0
102.2
102.8
102.5
96.3
97.3
99.0
102.0
105.8
109.4
109.9
111.8
113.4

108.8
108.8
108.8
108.8
108.8
108.7
108.7
108.7
108.7
108.7
108.7
108.7
108.7
108.7
102.8
100.7
99.7
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
99.7
96.5
94.1
92.4
91.7
91.6
91.4
91.4
91.4
91.4

38.0
39.4
40.9
42.3
42.8
43.8
45.0
45.5
45.6
45.7
46.8
50.5
60.9
77.6
87.8
87.9
89.5
93.3
93.3
94.4
98.1
98.4
100.0
102.7
103. 2
103.3
96.9
97.0
98.6
102.0
104.8
107.7
108.0
108.8
109.7

107.8
107.8
107.8
107.8
107.8
107.5
107.5
107.5
107.5
107.7
107.7
107.7
107.7
107.7
102.1
100.6
100.2
99.8
100.2
100.0
100.2
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
99.9
95.6
92.9
91.2
90.4
90.3
90.1
90.1
90.1
90.1

43.9
44.6
44.7
44.9
45.0
46.1
50.6
62.2
77.9
90.1
89.0
90.8
94.8
94.9
98.2
98.8
99.2
100.0
101.8
102.9
103.5
97.4
100.4
100.9
104.0
107.0
110.3
110.7
111.9
112.8

108.6
108.6
108.6
108.6
108.8
108.8
108.8
108.8
108.8
100.8
100.4
100.1
100.0
100.2
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
95.0
91.5
90.7
90.2
90.2
90.1
90.0
90.0
90.0

8

UNION WAGES AND HOURS— PRINTING TRADES

T able 2.— Indexes o f Union H ourly W age Rates and W eekly Hours in Each Printing
Trade— Continued
BOOK AND JOB— Continued
[1929=100]

Year

Electrotypers

Photo­
engravers

Press assist­
ants and
feeders

Pressmen,
cylinder

Pressmen,
platen

Wage Hours Wage Hours Wage Hours Wage Hours Wage Hours
rate
rate
rate
rate
rate
1907
1908
1909

1910..............................................
1911..............................................
1912..............................................
1913.............................................
1914..............................................
1915..............................................
1916..............................................
1917..............................................
1918..............................................
1919..............................................
1920........:..................................
1921..............................................
1922..............................................
1923..............................................
1924..............................................
1925..............................................
1926.............................................
1927..............................................
1928.............................................
1929.............................................
1930..............................................
1931..............................................
1932..............................................
1933...........................................
1934..............................................
1935.............................................
1936.............................................
1937...........................................
1938..............................................
1939............................................
1940..............................................
1941..............................................




32.5
32.6
32.8
34.1
36.1
36.6
37.3
39.0
39.9
41.0
42.3
44.4
50.9
72.9
84.7
86.4
91.8
95.2
94.9
95.8
96.9
97.7
100.0
102.9
105.2
104.8
98.2
105.1
106.7
107.1
108.5
113.4
114.2
114.4
116.8

108.1
107.7
107.5
104.7
104.0
104.0
103.8
103.6
103.6
103.5
103.4
103.4
103.4
103.3
100.1
98.7
99.6
99.3
100.2
100.2
100.3
100.2
100.0
98.8
98.1
98.2
93.1
90.1
88.2
86.5
86.3
84.5
83.6
81.7
81.7

38.9
42.3
44.9
52.3
72.2
76.9
77.6
78.4
83.9
86.0
91.5
95.9
98.6
100.0
100.2
100.5
103.5
101.5
103.1
109.6
112.3
113. 7
116.6
117.5
118.4
118.9

108.9
108.9
108.6
108.6
100.2
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.2
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
99.8
99.8
94.9
91.7
90.5
86.9
85.7
85.2
84.4
83.8
83.7
83.6

27.7
30.7
31.2
31.8
33.1
33.6
34.4
35.3
35.5
36.0
37.9
44.3
57.1
78.4
84.8
82.1
91.9
91.1
96.2
97.3
98.5
99.1
100.0
101.2
102.0
97.6
90.9
94.4
96.5
99.7
104.8
110.2
110.9
111.7
112.8

120.7
109.6
108.5
108.3
108.3
108.3
108.1
108.1
108.1
108 1
108.1
108.1
108.1
108.0
102.2
101.1
100.4
100.6
100.3
100.2
100.1
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
87.9
92.9
89.8
89.6
91.9
91.7
91.5
91.5
91.5
91.5

35.4
37.2
40.3
40.6
41.4
42.1
42.6
43.6
43.6
44.2
45.0
49.9
60.5
78.6
86.8
84.8
91.5
94.2
95.4
97.3
97.5
98.3
100.0
101.8
102.5
99.8
93.6
96.3
97.5
101.5
105.1
108.2
109.0
109.7
110.5

115.8
110.2
108.6
108.4
108.4
108.4
108.4
108.4
108.4
108.4
108.4
108.4
108.4
108.4
102.4
101.2
100.7
100.9
100.4
100.2
100.2
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
91.4
92.4
89.2
88.9
90.7
90.4
90.1
90.1
90.1
90.1

35.1
36.2
37.5
38.1
38.9
39.4
40.2
40.8
41.0
41.8
43.9
48.4
59.4
80.5
89.9
87.9
91.5
94.3
94.8
99.3
100.2
98.5
100.0
101.7
102.2
100.0
93.1
95.7
96.4
100.4
105.0
108.2
109.2
109.8
110.9

114.2
110.3
108.0
107* 8
107.8
107! 8
107.*9
107.*9
107! 9
107.9
107.9
107.9
107.9
107.8
102.2
101.6
100.3
100.6
100.5
99.7
99.7
99.9
100.0
100.0
100.5
98.2
95.9
92.0
91.3
91.3
90.9
90.6
90.6
90.6
90.4

9

WAGES AND HOURS

T able 2.— Indexes o f Union H ourly W age Rates and W eekly Hours in Each Printing
Trade — Continued

NEWSPAPER
[1929=100]
Year
1907

190ft

* _

1909
1910

1911
1912

1913..................
1915..................
1916..................
1917..................
1918..................
1919..................
1920.............—.
1921................ ^
1922..................
1923..................
1924..................
1925..................
1926..................
1927 ................
1928..................
1929................
1930..................
1931..................
1932.................
1933.................
1934.................
1935..................
1936.................
1937................
1938..................
1939....... ..........
1940................
1941 ................
1914

Machine
operators

Compositors,
hand

Machine
tenders
(machinists)

Photoen­
gravers

Pressmen,
web presses1 Stereotypers

Wage Hours Wage Hours Wage Hours Wage Hours Wage Hours Wage Hours
rate
rate
rate
rate
rate
rate
39.1
41.2
43.4
45.2
46.1
47.1
47.9
48.4
48.7
48.9
50.1
52.3
62.9
76.4
83.3
85.2
86.0
90.6
91.3
93.4
96.5
98.3
100.0
100.9
101.0
100.0
93.4
94.8
100.9
102.7
107.1
109.3
110.1
112.4
113.8

101.6
101.5
101.5
101.5
101.5
101.2
101.2
100.9
100.8
100.7
100.7
100.8
100.8
101.1
100.9
102.1
102.1
101.1
101.0
101.2
100.6
100.4
100.0
99.7
99.7
97.6
96.5
86.7
85.6
84.0
83.5
83.5
83.4
83.1
83.0

40.0
41.8
43.1
44.4
44.8
45.6
46.4
46.9
47.3
47.5
48.9
50.6
61.6
76.3
81.2
83.4
84.3
89.4
91.1
93.4
95.4
98.9
100.0
100.8
100.9
100.2
93.7
94.9
101.2
102.9
107.3
109.7
110.5
112.6
113.7

101.6
101.6
101.6
101.6
101.6
101.3
101.2
100.9
100.6
100.5
100.5
100.7
100.7
100.8
100.6
102.1
102.0
100.6
100.6
100.3
100.2
99.9
100.0
99.8
99.8
95.9
95.2
85.2
84.3
82.7
82.2
82.1
82.1
81.9
81.8

49.6
50.0
50.3
50.6
50.7
51.3
53.8
68.3
84.3
87.9
88.7
88.9
94.0
91.4
90.5
95.7
97.9
100.0
100.8
101.0
100.4
93.3
94.5
100.9
102.8
107.2
109.8
110.3
112.4
113.7

100.6
100.6
100.5
100.3
100.2
100.2
100.3
100.3
100.4
100.4
101.0
101.0
100.4
100.9
100.7
100.1
100.3
100.0
99.8
99.8
92.9
92.1
82 6
81.4
79.9
79.7
79.6
79.6
79.5
79.4

42.7
44.6
48.3
56.9
65.6
77.6
81.3
81.0
84.4
87.8
94.4
95.7
99.5
100.0
101.6
102.6
103.8
96.0
100.5
105.3
107.9
109.9
115. 5
117.8
119.1
119.6

38.1
40.4
42.2
43.6
43.9
44.5
45.5
45.8
46.0
46.3
47.2
50.9
62.7
77.5
83.0
78.7
79.8
88.7
92.7
92.7
97.5
99.6
100.0
101.7
102.3
103. 6
97.0
97.2
102.5
103.1
106.5
109.3
111.7
114.4
116.0

106.9
106.9
105.7
105.4
104.3
101.1
101.8
100.9
100.9
100.2
99.8
100.2
100.0
100.0
99.9
99.5
99.4
99.6
95.5
92.4
92.1
91.1
88.6
88.4
88.2
88.1

101.4
*99.6
98.9
98.6
98.6
98.4
98.4
98.4
98.4
98.4
98.3
98.3
99.0
98.6
98.4
103.5
103.0
99.8
99.2
100.3
100.1
99.7
100.0
99.8
99.8
97.8
98.7
93.9
91.8
91.4
90.3
89.7
89.1
88.9
88.6

41.6
43.9
45.3
46.4
46.7
47.4
50.2
50.7
50.8
51.3
52.6
54.8
61.7
75.3
87.7
86.4
88.1
90.7
93.1
94.3
95.5
95.5
100.0
100.8
101.2
100.2
94.6
96.0
100.5
102.0
105.2
108.8
109.9
113.0
114.8

105.5
103.9
102.8
101.6
101.4
101.2
101.3
101.1
101.0
101.0
100.9
100.9
101.0
100.5
99.1
101.0
100.9
100.8
100.4
100.4
100.2
100.7
100.0
100.0
100.1
99.3
98.1
94.9
92.7
92.3
90.6
88.8
86.1
85.3
84.3

i Includes pressmen-in-cbarge.
Since data for mailers were not collected in 1929, it is impossible
to present index numbers for this craft comparable to those of the
other trades. The changes from the previous year, as shown in com­
parable quotations for each year in which data have been collected
for this trade, are given in table 3.
T able 3.— Percentage o f Change in Union H ourly W age Rates and W eekly Hours o f
M a ilers , 1 9 3 7 to 1941

item
Mailers, book and job:
Hourly wage rates.
Weekly hours......
Mailers, newspapers:
Hourly wage rates.
Weekly hours........



Percentage of change from previous year1938
+5.9
0
+2.7
0

1939
+1.7
0
+ .8
+.1

1940
+2.7
- .5
+3.1
- .7

1941
+1.3
0
+4.0
- .1

CHART Z

DISTRIBUTION OF UNION MEMBERS IN PRINTING TRADES
ACCORDING TO HOURLY WAGE RATES
PERCENT

30

30

•
*

B & g j BO O K A N D J O B
I B

new spaper

*

20

20

10

10

*.30

ANO
UNOER

.40

.40

AND
UNDER

.50

UNITED 8
BUREAU I




.50

AND
UNOER

.60

.60

ANO
ONDER

.70

.70

AND
UNOER

.80

HOURLY WAGE RATE IN DOLLARS

UNION WAGES AND HOURS'— PRINTING TRADES

JUNE 1,1941
PERCENT

WAGES AND HOURS

11

Average Union Wage Rates9 1941

The average union rate per hour for all printing trades in the 75
cities included in the survey was $1,211 on June 1, 1941 (table 4).
The book and job average was $1,137 and the newspaper average was
$1,350. Because of the nature of the industry, night rates were in­
cluded in the computation of the newspaper average. The average
for day workers was $1,277.
The photoengravers had the highest average rates in both branches
of the printing trades. Their book and job average of $1,596 was
almost 46 cents higher than the average for all trades in that group
and over 14 cents higher than the average for the electrotypers, who
were second. In newspaper work, the photoengravers had an average
($1,700) that was 35 cents above the average for all trades and almost
28 cents higher than the figure for pressmen-in-charge, their closest
rivals for top honors.
Among the book and job trades, the composing trades (compositors,
machine operators, machine tenders) ranked next to the photoen­
gravers and electrotypers, with average rates of $1,246, $1,277, and
$1,315, respectively. The bindery women had the lowest average,
$0,537, The comparatively low rates for this trade are, to a great
extent, due to differences in skill.
In addition to the photoengravers, three newspaper trades (hand
compositors, machine operators, and pressmen-in-charge) had average
rates above $1.40 per hour. Only the pressmen and mailers had
average rates below $1.30.
Actual scales in the printing trades ranged from 30 cents an hour
for some of the bindery women in Baltimore and Richmond (these
rates represent initial agreements for this trade in both cities) to the
top rate of $3.00 per hour for compositors and machine operators set­
ting Hebrew text for newspapers in New York City. However,
slightly more than two-thirds of the union members in all printing
trades included in the survey had rates ranging from $1.00 to $1.50
per hour. Even including bindery women, who had no rates as high
as 90 cents, almost two-thirds of the book and job members had rates
between $1.00 and $1.50, and 71.3 percent of the members in news­
paper work appeared in the same range. Only 4.3 percent of the
union newspaper workers had rates below $1.00, but 24.6 percent of
the members in the book and job trades were under that amount.
Differences in rates for day and night work on newspapers were
responsible for the sharp variations in the percentages of union mem­
bers having rates between $1.00 and $1.50. Over 80 percent of those
on the day shift had hourly rates in that range, and 13.7 percent had
rates of $1.50 or more. On the night shift, only 62.2 percent had

457414 °—

4 2 ------ 3




to

CHARTS

CUMULATIVE DISTRIBUTION OF UNION MEMBERS IN PRINTING TRADES
ACCORDING TO HOURLY WAGE RATES
,

U N IO N W A G E S

JUNE I, 1941

AND
HOURS'— P R IN TIN G TRADES

UNITEO STATES DEPARTMENT OF LABOR
_____
BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS




HOURLY WAGE RATES IN OOLLARS

13

WAGES AND HOURS

rates between $1.00 and $1.50, but 34.8 percent had rates of $1.50 or
more. The night rates for photoengravers constituted one of the
main factors in this large difference— over 90 percent of the total
members on night shifts had rates of at least $1.50, and 32 percent
had rates as high or higher than $2.00.
Among the individual trades in the book and job branch, only the
photoengravers reported no rates less than $1.10. In fact, almost
two-thirds of the members had rates of at least $1.50 per hour and
about one-third had rates between $1.80 and $1.90. A majority of
the machine operators and tenders had rates of $1.30 or more, and the
electro typers had a majority of their members working under scales
T able 4.— Percentage Distribution o f Union M em bers in the Printing Trades by
H ourly Rates, June I , 1941

Trade

Percentage of union members whose rates (in cents) per
hour were—
Average
rate
40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110
per Un­ and
and and and and and and and
hour der under
under under under under under under
40 50 under
60 70 80 90 100 110 120

All printing trades_________________ $1.211
Book and job______________________ 1.137
Bindery women________________ .537
Bookbinders--------------- ------------- 1.039
Compositors, hand_____________ 1.246
Electrotypers ________________ 1.454
Machine operators______________ 1.278
Machine tenders (machinists)____ 1.315
Mailers _____________________ 1.079
Photoengravers________________ 1.596
Press assistants and feeders______ .945
Pressmen, cylinder_____________ 1.244
Pressmen, platen_______________ 1.033
N ew spaper..._____________________ 1.350
Day work___ ______________ 1.277
Night work________________ 1.419
Compositors, hand_____________ 1.405
Day w ork_________________ 1.343
Night work_______________ 1.459
Machine operators______________ 1.415
Day w ork_________________ 1.356
Night work________________ 1.466
Marline tnnriprs (machinists)
*1.395
Day work ________________ 1.340
Night work________________ 1.460
________________ 1.047
Mailers
Day work ________________ .968
Night, wnrlr
1.106
Photoengravers _______________ 1.700
Day wnrlr
1.572
Night work________________ 1.802
Pressmen (journeymen)________ 1.296
Day work _____________
1.216
1.391
Night work _________
Pressmen-in-charge_____________ 1.423
Day work _______________ 1.338
Night work ______________ 1.522
Stereotypers ______________ 1.317
Day wnrlr
1.228
Night work ______________ 1.429

0.4 1.4 5.4 2.1 1.7 2.0 4.5 11.3
.6 2.2 8.3 3.1 2.4 2.4 5.6 13.7
5.4 17.9 57.3 18.9 .4 .1
.4 7.3 .7 .8 2.2 9.4 25.0
.4 1.6 15.4
0)
.2 2.2 2.0
.2
.2 .9 10.9
.2 .6 8.4
3.2 .6 .2 2.4 16.1 15.4
.1 .7 5.3 6.0 14.8 9.5 18.6 22.0
.1 1.4 3.0 20.7
.1 (0
.5 5.9 15.6 24.1 14.9
.1 .2 .3 1.2 2.5 6.9
.1 .3 .6 1.9 3.0 9.6
.2 .1 .6 2.1 4.3
0)
.1
4.5
1.1
5.4
.1
1.0
4.2
.9
.2

2.5
1.2

5.1 17.5 22.7 37.8
.8 3.9 14.4 21.6
.8 1.0
2.5
.3
1.3 11.3
.2 .2 1.9
.4
2.3
.2 .2
2.1 6.1
.5 4.3

15.6
16.4
41.2
20.6
10.0
11.8
11.0
58.9
0)
16.4
16.4
15.7
14.2
18.4
10.3
13.4
6.8
14.0
7.0
10.4
6.7
10.7
36.8
.4
33.2
4.9
10.1
3.5
29.2
8.4

1 Less than a tenth of 1 percent.
2 Although actual rates for machine tenders are at least as high as those for machine operators in all cities
showing comparable rates, the lower average shown here is attributable to 2 reasons: (1) The higher-thanaverage rates for machine operators setting other-than-English type in New York and Chicago; machine
tenders do not receive these high rates; (2) machine operators in Dallas, Salt Lake City, and San Antonio
are paid on a piece-work basis while the tenders are paid by the hour at lower rates than the average for
that occupation.



14

UNION WAGES AND HOURS'— PRINTING TRADES

T able 4.— Percentage Distribution of Union M em bers in the Printing Trades by
H ourly Rates, June I , 1941— Continued

Percentage of union members whose rates (in cents) per
hour were—
Trade

All printing trades.
Book and job.....................................
Bindery women.........................
Bookbinders...............................
Compositors, hand....................
Electrotypers............................
Machine operators__________
Machine tenders (machinists)
Mailers............................. ..........
Photoengravers------------------Press assistants and feeders...
Pressmen, cylinder..................
Pressmen, platen......................
Newspaper..........................................
D ayw ork ..........................
Night work..........................
Compositors, hand— ..............
Day work........................... .
Night work................... —
Machine operators...............—
Day work.................... ........
Night work------- ------------Machine tenders (machinists).
Day work.............................
Night work......... ...............
Mailers........................................
Daywork........ ................... .
Night work.........................
Photoengravers-------------------D ayw ork.--------------------Night w ork...------- -------Pressmen (journeymen)--------Day work______________
Night work................ .........
Pressmen-in-charge------ -------Daywork................. ...........
Night work..........................
Stereotypers..........................—
Day work............................
Night work..-----------------

120
130 140 150
and and and and
under under under under
130 140 150 160

13.8
11.4
17.5
19.1
21.0
17.0
3.2
4.3
6.4
13.8
22.1

18.3
23.8
12.9
25.0
9.3
23.2
9.8
21.8

10.6

17.2
16.3
5.4
24.6
9.6
49.1
30.9
12.0

.3
27.8

1.2

18.6
15.9
20.9
22.7
24.7
21.7
23.4
32.9
24.1

2.8
.2 19.8

1.5
.4
29.4
31.3
40.4
4.3
37.1
29.0

9.7
7.8
.1

19.7
5.3
29.7
19.5
10.7
13.3
12.7
13.8
15.0
19.8
14.6
19.3
10.6
22.2

3.4

2.5

.1

45.2

11.7
2.2

25.3
3.3
7.1
7.9
6.5
12.4
9.3
14.8
8.4
17.1
6.9

170
and
under
180

180
and
under
190

2.1

2.4

10.0

3.3
16.3
5.8
18.2
2.7

0.1

0.5

.6

.1
.3
5.7

2.6

190 200
and and
under over
200

33.2

.....

4.8
1.5

8.1

.9
1.8

.2

1.4

.6

2.1

.5
.3

10.5

2.1

22.8

7.3

3.0
19.2

10.3

15.6

19.5
17.8

28.7
13.2

21.3

1.4
8.3
25.1

26.0
3.1

.6

22.8

.5

1.3
31.1

1.1

15.7
1.8 4.9
11.1 13.4
21.3 12.8
8.8 18.9
24.0 16.2
10.9 11.9
15.2 4.0
16.8

160
and
under
170

6.1

.6

6.7

32.0

10.8

.3

between $1.50 and $1.70. Next to the bindery women, all of whom
had rates between 30 and 90 cents, the press assistants and feeders
had the lowest rates with 55 percent of them receiving less than
$1.00 per hour.
In the newspaper branch, all of the trades on the day shift, except
mailers and photoengravers, had a majority of their members under
contract to receive rates between $1.10 and $1.40; the same trades on
night shifts had a majority of their members rated between $1.20 and
$1.60. The only craft with a substantial number of members receiv­
ing less than $1.00 per hour was the mailers— 48.7 percent on day shift
and 20.5 percent on night shift received less than this rate. An addi­
tional 37.8 percent of the day-shift members were reported to be
receiving between $1.00 and $1.10, while 36.8 percent of the night
membership had rates between $1.10 and $1.20. Practically all of the
photoengravers on day shift had rates of at least $1.30 but less than



WAGES AND HOURS

15

$1.80 per hour, while over 53 percent of the night members had rates
of at least $1.80, with 32 percent receiving a minimum of $2.00.
Practically all of the photoengravers receiving $2.00 or more were
in New York City, but there were a few in Newark also.
Changes in Union Rates Between 1940 and 1941 2

Wage-rate increases were reported in 963 of the 2,372 quotations of
all printing trades for the period June 1, 1940, to June 1, 1941 (table
5). These raises in scales benefited 37.7 percent of the total mem­
bership included in the survey. A greater proportion of the members
in the newspaper branch received increases than did those in the
book and job trades (41.6 percent and 35.6 percent). The number of
quotations reporting reduced scales from 1940 was negligible, being
only 8 in number and affecting but one-tenth of 1 percent of the
total membership.
On an individual trade basis, in the book and job branch the book­
binders and machinists (machine tenders) recorded the largest pro­
portion of increased scales, as almost one-half of all their rates were
higher than in 1940. These raises affected 39.6 percent and 37.5
percent of the respective memberships. Although the hand com­
positors had a smaller percentage of wage increases, 53.8 percent of
the members benefited from the higher rates. This large percentage
resulted from the fact that the large memberships of Boston, Chicago,
Detroit, and St. Louis all received raises. No other book and job
trade was able to provide increases for a majority of its members,
although about 45 percent of the electrotypers and the bindery
women received increased rates.
Among the newspaper trades, the mailers were most successful in
negotiating wage increases. Considerably more than one-half of
both day and night quotations showed raises. The proportions of
the members benefiting from these increased wage rates were even
larger— 60.6 percent of those on day shift and 71.3 percent of those
on night shift. The stereotypers were not far behind the mailers, as
over 50 percent of their quotations also indicated increases; however,

2 Certain anomalies enter into a comparison of average rates between 2 years when such averages reflect
not only the actual rates provided for in the agreements but the number of union members for those years
in each local union covered by the reported rates. By and large, it would be expected that a general increase
in actual rates would be accompanied by a corresponding increase in the average rate paid to union members,
but if union membership increases most (or decreases least) in the lower-paid crafts or in areas with lessthan-average rates, the average of the rates paid to all union members may not increase correspondingly or
may even show a decrease. Conversely, the average rate may increase in spite of a downward swing in
actual rates if union membership declines sufficiently in the lower-paid crafts or in areas where lower-thanaverage rates are paid.
Because the averages do not accurately reflect changes from year to year, no table comparing 1940 and
1941 averages is included in this report. For the trend of actual union rates, the tables of indexes (tables
1 and 2) should be consulted, since these are so computed as to eliminate the effect of fluctuating member­
ships at various rates. The current averages, on the other hand, best serve for comparison of the general
level of wage rates between trades, or between cities and regions at the time the survey was made.



16

UNION WAGES AND HOURS— PRINTING TRADES

these were not spread among so many members, as only 41.7 percent
on the day shift and 32.3 percent on the night shift benefited. At
least 50 percent of the quotations for both shifts of hand compositors
and machine tenders showed higher rates, and in both cases slightly
more than 45 percent of the members were the recipients of these
increases. The photoengravers listed the smallest proportion of wage
increases, as well as of members, affected by increases. However,
the average hourly rates for this craft, as shown in table 4, are the
highest in the industry.
T able 5.— Num ber o f Changes in Union W age-Rate Quotations an d Percentage o f
M em bers Affected, June I , 1941, Compared with June 1, 1940

Trade

Percentage of union
Number Number of quotations
showing—
of quo­
members affected by—
tations
com­
parable In­
In­
De­
De­
No
No
wiin crease crease
change crease crease change
1940
* T T |f V »

All printing trades.............................
Book and job.....................................
Bindery women.............. .........
Bookbinders...............................
Compositors, hand....................
Electrotypers...... ........................
Machine operators.....................
Machine tenders (machinists)..
Mailers............................... .........
Photoengravers...........................
Press assistants and feeders___
Pressmen, cylinder....................
Pressmen, platen....................
Newspaper.........................................
Day work............................
Night work.........................
Compositors, hand:
Day work.............................
Night work..........................
Machine operators:
Day work.............................
Night work_____________
Machine tenders (machinists):
Daywork.................. ...........
Night work........................
Mailers:
Day work.............................
Night work..........................
Photoengravers:
D ayw ork..........................
Night w ork ................ .......
Pressmen (journeymen):
Day work.............................
Night work...... ...................
Pressmen-in-charge:
Daywork ...........................
Night work_____________
Stereotypers:
Day work.............................
Night work..........................

2.372
1,256
75
159
92
57
100
42
36
56
214
308
117
1,116
579
537
81
74
83
75
70
66
63
57
48
48
87
80
73
66
74
71

963
426
26
76
39
16
42
20
14
11
67
85
30
537
281
256
41
38
39
37
35
34
35
32
16
12
43
38
33
28
39
37

8
4
1
2
1
4
4
1
1
1

1

1,401
826
49
83
53
41
57
22
22
45
145
222
87
575
294
281
39
36
43
38
35
32
27
25
32
36
44
42
40
38
34
34

37.7
35.6
45.7
39.6
53.8
46.4
30.0
37.5
26.0
21.5
24.0
24.0
28.6
41.6
42.3
40.9
44.2
45.1
38.4
37.9
44.9
45.3
60.6
71.3
19.3
14.1
40.7
29.1
37.2
24.4
41.7
32.3

0.1
0)
.2
.1
.1
.1
.1
.1
.1
.6

.5

62.2
64.4
54.3
60.4
46.2
53.6
69.8
62. 5
74.0
78.5
75.9
75.9
71.4
58.3
57.6
59.1
55.7
54.9
61.5
62.1
55.1
54.7
38.8
28.7
80.7
85.9
59.3
70.9
62.8
75.6
57.8
67.7

1 Less than a tenth of 1 percent.
Practically all the wage increases in all printing trades were com­
paratively small (table 6). Of the total advances reported (963),
over two-thirds were of less than 5 percent, and over nine-tenths were
of less than 10 percent. About four-fifths of the total members



17

WAGES AND HOURS

benefiting from raises had their 1940 rates increased by less than 5
percent; these increases covered about 29 percent of all members
included in the survey. Probably the chief reason for a clustering of
increases under the 5-percent mark is the tendency of wage rates in
the printing trades to advance by $1 per week, and in fewer instances
by $2.
T able 6.— Num ber o f Increases in Union W age-Rate Quotations and Percentage o f
Mem bers Affected, June 1, 1941, Compared W ith June I , 1940

Number of quotations showing Percentage of total members affect­
increases of—
ed by increases of—
Trade

Less
than
5
per­
cent

All printing trades....................................
Book and job------ ---------------------------Bindery women-------- ----------------Bookbinders_________ __________
Compositors, hand______________
Electrotypers___________________
Machine operators______________
Machine tenders (machinists)___
Mailers________________________
Photoengravers_________________
Press assistants and feeders_______
Pressmen, cylinder______________
Pressmen, platen________________
Newspaper.............................. ...................
Day work___________________
Night work............. .....................
Compositors, hand:
Day w ork__________________
Night work_________________
Machine operators:
Day work _ _ _____________
Night work_________________
Machine tenders (machinists):
Day w ork._________________
Night work_________________
Mailers:
Day work----------------------------Night work___________ ____
Photoengravers:
Day work___________________
Night w ork.._____ _________
Pressmen (journeymen):
Day work___ _______________
Night work_________________
Pressmen-in-charge:
Day work___________________
Night work_________________
Stereotypers:
Day work___________________
Night work ________________

670
280
9
45
26
11
31
17
7
10
34
69
21
390
209
181
34
30
33
30
30
28
21
19
12
11
30
25
24
17
25
21

5
10 15
and and and
under under under
10 15 20
per­ per­ per­
cent cent cent
234
112
13
20
9
5
9
3
6
1
25
13
8
122
57
65
6
7
6
7
5
6
9
10
4
1
9
11
5
9
13
14

20
per­
cent
and
over

Less
than
5
per­
cent

5
10 15
and and and
under under under
10 15 20
per­ per­ per­
cent cent cent

10
3
1
1

16
10
1
2
1

1

4
2

7
5
2
1

6
4
2

3
2

1
1

1

1

3
1

28.9
27.0
23.0
32.1
48.8
18.5
25.2
35.1
9.7
21.4
13.0
22.0
19.1
32.7
32.5
32.8
39.6
39.9
35.3
34.4
42.4
40.3
32.9
43.5
16.7
11.6
28.8
25.2
30.3
19.1
21.8
19.5

7.3 1.2
7.8 .6
18.6 3.5
6.4 .8
4.6 .4
27.9
4.6 .2
2.4
16.1 .2
.1
10.6 .1
1.8 0)
8.8 .7
6.3 2.2
7.3 1.6
5.3 2.7
3.9
4.2 1.0
3.1
3.5
2.5
5.0
11.6 11.0
10.1 17.2
2.6
2.5
9.9 1.3
3.6
3.7 2.1
4.9 .2
18.9 1.0
12.0 .8

33
21
2
8
3
2
1
3
1
1
12
6
6
1

1
1
1
2

1
— 3
1

20
per­
cent
and
over

0.1
0)
.1
0)

0.2
.2
.5
.3
0)

.1

.2
.2

.2
.4
.1
.7

0)

.7
.5

4.4

.7
.1

.2
.5

.2
1.1
.2

1Less than a tenth of 1 percent.

In general, similar conditions existed in the individual trades in
both branches of the printing industry. The bindery women were
the only book and job workers who bad as many as 4 percent of their
total number receiving increases of 10 percent or more. The mailers
constituted the only newspaper trade which was able to negotiate
raises of 10 percent or over for a substantial number of its members;



18

UNION WAGES AND HOURS'— PRINTING TRADES

16.1 percent on the day shift and 17.7 percent on the night shift were
recipients of these comparatively large increases. In fact, 4.4 percent
of the day-shift workers had their rates advanced by at least 20
percent.
Night-Rate Differentials

There was an average wage-rate differential of 11 cents an hour in
favor of newspaper night workers as compared with day workers in
identical occupations and cities. In a very few instances the same rate
was reported for both day and night work, but these quotations
applied to less than 1 percent of the total membership normally
working on night shifts. Over half of the membership on night shifts
had wage rates that were 8 or more cents per hour higher than the
corresponding day rates, and over a third had differences amounting
to between 6 and 8 cents.
The photoengravers had the highest average difference (20.5 cents)
among the several trades. Over 65 percent of their night-working
members had rates that were more than 20 cents per hour higher than
the corresponding day rates; only 7.6 percent had night rates that
were not at least 10 cents higher than their day rates. For pressmen,
pressmen-in-charge, and stereotypers, night rates were higher by
between 14 and 17 cents. The differences for the typographical
trades and mailers were between 8 and 9 cents.
T able 7.— Differences in Union W age Rates Between D a y and Night Work in New spaper
Printing Trades, June I , 1941

Trade

Aver- Percentage of night workers whose wage-rate differences (in cents) in
asre
comparison to day work were—
differ-___________________________________________ ________________
ence
4 6 8 10 12 14 16 20 24
per
and and and and and and and and and 28 32
hour
0 toUp4 un­ un­ un­ un­ un­ un­ un­ un­ un­ and
in
and
der der der der der der der der der un­
wage
der
6 8 10 12 14 16 20 24 28 32 over
rate 1

All newspaper trades— $0.110 0.4 4.6 9.3 33.4 11.4
7.4 55.3 22.6
Compositors, hand_____ .081
8.8 59.0 10.2
Machine operators.......... .085
Machine tenders (ma­
9.2 36.4 10.6
chinists)____ ________ .086 1.7
Mailers............................... .090 .4 27.9 14.3 6.8 .3
4.1 3.2
Photoengravers------------ .205 .3
Pressmen (journeymen) . .145 . 7 2.2 7.8 4.6 9.9
Pressmen-in-charge_____ .148 .6 8.5 4.4 6.8 8.3
Stereotypers..................... .169 2.0 2.8 16.4 16.7 8.2

6.0
3.3
10.5
33.1
6.9
4.6
3.9
1.0
.8

7.7
4.8
4.2
2.8
18.7
21.1
3.2
5.8
12.1

9.4
6.4
6.5
6.2
3.8
.9
27.7
20.7
2.4

8.3 4.2 0.7 1.8 2.8
.2
.8
20.9
.3 26. 2 7.1 32. 2
27.4 12.6
13.9 23.2 ~~6. 8
4.8 ........ 1.7
32."i
—

i Since some cities did not have both day and night workers, and are thus excluded from table 7, the aver­
age differences shown in this table are not the same as the difference between the averages for day and night
work shown in table 4.
All of the differentials in excess of 32 cents per hour were reported
in either New York, Chicago, or Newark. The highest was that of
the hand compositors and machine operators setting Hebrew text
in New York, who had a night rate 81.9 cents per hour higher than



19

WAGES AND HOURS

the day rate. Similar work in Chicago had a night differential of
64.5 cents per hour. The other differences of over 32 cents occurred
among the stereotypers. In Chicago the night-shift workers in this
trade received 43 cents more than the day shift, in Newark 41.2
cents, and in New York 33.8 cents.
The average differentials and the distribution of the night-working
membership, according to the amount of their differences, are shown
in table 7.
City and Regional Averages
AVERAGE

RATES

IN

EACH

C IT Y 3

New York City recorded the highest average rates in both branches
of the printing industry. In the book and job branch its average of
$1,284 was 2.0 cents higher than that of Chicago ($1,264). Youngs­
town ($1,209) and Detroit ($1,180) ranked third and fourth in the
book and job trades. Youngstown’s high average was due largely
to the fact that it had no quotations for bindery women or press
assistants and feeders— the lowest-paid trades. In the newspaper
crafts, the highest wage cities outside of New York were Newark
($1,463), Washington, D. C. ($1,444), and Chicago ($1,440). (See
table 8.)
In addition to the four leaders in the book and job branch, the Rock
Island, 111., district ($1,172), San Francisco ($1,165), Seattle ($1,149),
and Toledo ($1,139) had average rates that were higher than the
average for the 75 cities combined ($1,137), although the Rock Island
district had no bindery women in its composite average. Other
cities having averages of at least $1.10 per hour were Cleveland,
Pittsburgh, and Cincinnati. Memphis had the lowest average
($0,755).
In the newspaper trades eight cities had averages higher than the
average for the 75 cities ($1,350) included in the survey. In addition
to the four already mentioned were Detroit ($1,386), Cleveland
($1,384), Boston ($1,375), and Providence ($1,370). Four others—
Milwaukee, San Francisco, Cincinnati, and Seattle—had average
rates of at least $1.30 per hour. Wichita was the only city recording
an average under $1.
N o t all the trades had effective union scales in all the cities. This
was especially true among the bindery women, bookbinders, electrotypers, machine tenders, m ailers, and photoengravers— occupations
which either did not exist or were not organized in a num ber of the*

* The averages are weighted according to the number of members in each local union covered by the
reported rates. Although a comparison of average rates between cities where averages include the influence
of the membership factor may be somewhat misleading where membership is unusually large or small in
comparison to the same trade in other cities, a weighted average of this kind is obviously more realistic than
a simple average of specific rates. In the latter case a wage rate in a trade including half a dozen members
would be given the same importance as that of a trade including several thousand members.

457414°—42------ 4




20

UNION WAGES AND HOURS— PRINTING TRADES

T a b l e 8. — Average

Union H ourly W age Rates in the Printing Trades, by Cities and
Population Groups, June I , 1941

City and population group
Book and job

Average
hourly
rate

City and population group
Newspaper

Average
hourly
rate

Population group I (over 1,000,000):
New York, N. Y__................................. $1,617
$1,284
Average for group I . ................................
1.264
1.472
1.289
Chicago, H I-.-................................. .......
1.440
Detroit, Mich..........................................
1.180
1.386
Philadelphia, Pa....................................
1.077
Philadelphia Pa
1.235
Los Angeles, Calif______________
1.061
1.233
Population group II (500,000 to 1,000,000):
Population group II (500,000 to 1,000,000):
1.165
1.444
Cleveland, 6hio._............................ .
1.135
1.384
1.121
Boston, Mass......................................... 1.375
Average for group 11__________ _____
1.047
1.888
Buffalo N Y
.................
1.039
Milwaukee, Wis. ................................
1.316
1.086
San Francisco, Calif..............................
1.300
Buffalo, N . Y .„ ..................................... 1.265
1.009
Baltimore, Md....................................... 1.261
.989
Pittsburgh, Pa........... ...........................
.900
1.245
St. Louis, Mo_____________________
.864
1.237
Population
group
III
(250,000
to
500,000):
Population group III (250,000 to 500,000):
Newark, N . J-------------------------------1.149
1.463
1.139
Providence, R. I ....................................
1.370
Cincinnati, Ohio...................................
1.133
1.347
Seattle, W ash........................................
1.087
1.310
1.068
Toledo, Ohio......... ........ ......................
1.299
Indianapolis, Ind__________ _______
1.062
1.296
1.291
Columbus, Ohio__________________
1.043
St. Paul, Minn___________________
1.037
1.277
Average for group I I I ...... ......................
1.256
1.028
Minneapolis, Minn_________ ____
1.016
1.247
Houston, Tex____________________
1.012
1.242
Portland, Oreg............................... .......
1.241
1.011
.998
Denver, Colo_____________________ ; 1.238
Average for group JIT
Memphis, Tenn.....................................
1.211
.989
Houston, Tex
__
Rochester, N . Y_............. .................. . ' 1.191
.942
New Orleans, La
Louisville, K y.......................................
1.179
.933
Atlanta, Ga
.877
Kansas City, M o__________ _____
1.178
St. Paul, Minn
.872
Atlanta, Ga_____ ____ ____________
T.onisvilio TTy
1.152
San Antonio, Tex...................................
1.119
.867
Minneapolif* Minn
Dallas, Tex...... .......................................
1.111
Birmingham Ala
.861
Birmingham, Ala_________________
.823
1.081
San Antonio, Tex
New Orleans, La__________________
.755
1.006
Memphis, Tenn
Population group IV (100,000 to 250,000):
Population group IV (100,000 to 250,000):
1.209
1.297
Dayton, Ohio.______ _____________
Youngstown, Ohio
1.172
Scranton, Pa....................... ................— 1.287
Roelr Island (Til.) dist.riet l
1.094
Youngstown, Ohio............................... 1.269
Erie. Pa
_ ____ _ _
1.075
Reading, Pa_____________ _____ ___
1.250
Charlotte N C
1.057
1.236
Erie, Pa................................................ .
South Bend, Tnd
1.052
Des Moines, Iowa....... .......................... 1.229
Omaha, Nehr
1.039
Omaha, N ebr.......................................
1.187
Norfolk, Va
...........
1.037
Duluth, M in n ..-..................................
1.175
Dayton Ohio
__
1.174
Jacksonville, Fla_________ ________
1.010
Grand Rapids, Mieh
1.172
.994
Rock Island (111.) district i_.................
Duluth, Minn
________
Springfield, Mass................................. . 1.171
New Haven Conn
.994
1.162
.992
Worcester, Mass....................................
A vernge for group TV
Average for group I V . ............................
1.159
.992
Tampa, Ela
__
_______
1.159
Peoria, 111...............................................
.991
Peoria, 111 _
_______
New Haven, Conn...............................
1.150
.984
Readme. Pa
_______
1.142
Grand Rapids, Mich............................
.964
Oklahoma City, Okla
Tampa, Fla.......................................... . 1.139
.962
Des Moines, Iowa
__
Norfolk, V a ...................... ..................
1.138
.959
Springfield, Mass
Spokane, Wash......................................
1.113
.957
Scranton, Pa
________
1.102
Salt Lake City, U tah,..........................
.926
Spokane, Wash
_____ _
Richmond, Va____________________ 1.097
Salt. Lake City, TTtah
.922
Oklahoma City, O kla.........................
.917
1.086
Nashville, Tenn
South Bend, Ind............. .......................
1.085
.916
Worcester, Mass
Charlotte, N. C......................................
1.065
.915
Jacksonville, Fla
__
Nashville, Tenn....................... .............
.914
1.056
Wichita, Kans
Wichita, Kans____________________
.953
.779
Richmond, Va
Population group V (40,000 to 100,000):
Population group V (40,000 to 100,000):
1.244
Butte, Mont........... ...............................
1.085
Phoenix, Ariz
1.203
Charleston, W. Va............................. .
Charleston, W. Va
1.046
Phoenix, Ariz.......................................... 1.197
1.017
El Paso, Tex
Binghamton, N. Y.................. ........... . 1.191
Butte, Mont
.970
1.180
Madison, Wis........................................
.955
Binghamton, N. Y
El Paso, Tex......... .................................. 1.132
Average for group V
.946
1.125
Average for group V . .............................
.904
York, Pa — _ _ ________________
Mobile, Ala
.871
Manchester, N. H _................. ........... . 1.065
1.064
.861
Mobile, Ala.............................................
Manchester, N . H
Portland, Maine..................................... 1.048
.841
Little Rock. Ark_ _ _ _________
Charleston, S. C....................................
1.035
.834
Jackson, Miss. _
_ _____
1.029
Little Rock, Ark__________________
.814
Portland, Maine.....................................
i Includes Rock Island, 111., Davenport, Iowa, and Moline, 111.

Population group I (over 1,000,000):




21

WAGES AND HOURS

smaller cities. No averages have been included in table 8 unless they
were computed from the effective rates of at least two distinct printing
trades. In consequence, a few cities included in the survey do not
appear in the table. In this respect, the three typographic classifi­
cations were considered as constituting only one trade, as were the
newspaper pressmen and pressmen-in-charge. Day and night news­
paper rates for identical occupations were also considered as repre­
senting but one trade. As it may be assumed that the types of
printing done in cities of comparable size will in general be similar, the
averages should be comparable within the city-size groups.
AVERAGE

W AGE

RATES, B Y

S IZ E

OF

C IT Y

The averages of the wage rates for all printing trades within the
several population groups varied directly with the size of the city
groups (table 9). This direct relationship prevailed for all printing
trades combined, for the book and job branch, and the newspaper
group.
The differences between the averages of group I cities (over 1,000,000
population) and the cities in group II (500,000 to 1,000,000) were
considerably greater than the differences in averages between subse­
quent groups. For all printing trades combined the difference
between groups I and II was 16.2 cents, between II and III (250,000
to 500,000) 5.0 cents, between III and IV (100,000 to 250,000) 2.8
cents, and between IV and V (40,000 to 100,000) 2.9 cents. In the
combined book and job trades the differences, in descending group
order, were 20.3 cents, 3.8 cents, 0.6 cents, and 4.7 cents; for the
newspaper branch they amounted to 13.9, 7.7, 9.7, and 3.4 cents.
In the North and Pacific region the direct variation in accordance
with population held for the averages of all trades combined and also
for the averages of both the book and job and newspaper branches.
In the South and Southwest the averages for the newspaper trades
varied directly with the city sizes, but this was not true of the aver­
ages for the book and job trades and for all trades combined. In
fact, the relationship between group sizes and averages was in inverse
order in the book and job branch— the average for group V was higher
than for group IV, which in turn was higher than that for group III.
This was largely due to the fact that the lowest paid trades in the
book and job group— bindery women, bookbinders, and press assistants
and feeders— were less widely organized in the small cities than in the
large cities. These lower paying trades included only one-fifth of the
total book and job membership in size V cities, while the proportion
was about one-third in cities of groups III and IV. The influence of
the higher rated trades upon the averages thus became progressively
greater as the population of the cities included in the various averages




22

UNION WAGES AND HOURS'— PRINTING TRADES

became less. Other factors bringing about a higher rate in group
IV cities than in those of group III were the low averages for Louis­
ville, Birmingham, San Antonio, and Memphis, all of which had aver­
ages under 90 cents, while in group IV Richmond alone was below
that mark. The high rates for pressmen in Phoenix and El Paso
also raised the group V averages to a considerable extent. Some of
these influences carried over into the averages for all printing trades
combined, with the result that the average for size V cities in the
South and Southwest was higher than that for size IV cities.
Direct variation by city size was not the rule among the individual
book and job trades, as only 4 of the 11 trades had this relationship.
Five trades in the northern and Pacific group varied directly, but
only 3 in the southern and southwestern cities. The most frequent
exception in the averages of all cities, as well as the averages for the
North and Pacific cities, was a higher average for size III than for
size II. To a considerable extent this was caused by the low averages
in Milwaukee, Boston, Washington, and Baltimore.
The averages for the individual newspaper trades varied with the
city-size groups more consistently than those of the book and job
trades. The pressmen on both day and night shifts and the night
photoengravers were the only trades not in direct variance. Group

V cities, owing to the influence of the high rates in Butte, Mont.,
Charleston, W. Va., and Madison, Wis., had average rates for pressmen
higher in cities of group V than in those of group IV. Both the aver­
ages for all regions and for the northern and Pacific cities showed the
effects of these differences. The only other averages nqt in direct
variation in the North and Pacific area were the day-shift mailers,
whose rates in cities of groups II and III were the same, and the
pressmen-in-charge on day shift who had a higher average in size III
cities than in those of size II.
Among the southern groups there were 6 exceptions to direct varia­
tion— 3 on day shift and 3 on night shift. The machine tenders had
higher averages for both shifts in group V cities than in group IV,
owing primarily to the influence of Phoenix. Other exceptions
occurred in day-shift mailers and pressmen-in-charge and in nightshift machine operators and photoengravers.
R E G IO N A L

D IF F E R E N C E S

IN

W AGE

RATES

There is no city in the South or Southwest with a population of
over 500,000. Consequently, the comparison of average wage rates
between the regions, given in table 9, had to be confined to population
groups III, IV, and V.
W ith in the comparable city-size classifications the averages for all
printing trades com bined, as well as for both the book and job and




23

WAGES AND HOTJRS

the newspaper branches, were consistently higher in the North
and Pacific region than in the South and Southwest. The same rela­
tionship prevailed generally throughout the averages of the individual
trades, there being only 4 exceptions in the book and job trades and
2 in the newspaper branch.
T able 9.— Average H ourly Union W age Rates in the Printing Trades, by Region and
Population Group, June I , 1941

Average hourly wage rates in cities of specified population group 1
Trade

Group Group
I«
II 2

Group IV

Group III

Group V

North South
North South
North North All North South
and
and All
and All
re­ and South­
re­ and South­
and and re­ and South­
Pacific Pacific gions Pacific west gions Pacific west gions Pacific west

All printing trades__ $1,308
Book and job.............. 1.239
Bindery women-- .549
Bookbinders____ 1.030
C o m p o sito rs,
h an d .............. 1.360
1.631
Machine opera­
tors..................... 1.361
Machine tenders
(machinists)___ 1.392
Mailers ______ 1.132
Photoengravers— 1.674
Press assistants
and feeders____ 1.046
Pressmen, cylin­
der___________ 1.361
Pressmen, platen. 1.202
Newspaper................... 1.472
Day work___ 1.396
Night work— 1.519
C o m p o sito rs,
hand:
Day work___ 1.517
Night work... 1.596
Machine opera­
tors:
Day work___ 1.565
Night work— 1.619
Machine tenders
(machinists):
Day work___ 1.520
Night work.. 1.613
Mailers:
Day work___ 1.053
Night work.. 1.151
Photoengravers:
Day work___ 1.719
Night work.. 1.949
Pressmen (jour­
neymen):
Day work___ 1.281
Night work.. 1.468
P r e ssm e n -in charge:
Day work___ 1.434
Night work.. 1.631
Stereotypers:
Day work___ 1.309
Night work.. 1.583

$1.146
1.036
.547
1.081
1.183
1.208
1.209
1.159
1.052
1.480
.868
1.170
1.002
1.333
1.276
1.397

$1,096
.998
.515
1.074
1.135
1.247
1.154
1.195
1.053
1.453
.782
1.126
.929
1.256
1.219
1.312

$1.112
1.015
.524
1.103
1.152
1.254
1.175
1.206
1.076
1.472
.814
1.162
.950
1.291
1.252
1.352

$1,032
.906
.455
.931
1.045
1.148
1.083
1.042
.919
1.327
.585
.981
.807
1.158
1.120
1.209

$1,068
.992
.500
.865
1.079
1.205
1.085
1.110
.814
1.383
.815
1.139
.916
1.159
1.135
1.191

$1,078
1.004
.519
.859
1.088
1.216
1.097
1.125
.811
1.404
.827
1.153
.942
1.180
1.153
1,220

$1,026
.917
.446
.895
1.034
1.081
1.047
1.047
(3)
1.322
.639
.996
.833
1.100
1.072
1.128

$1,039
.945
.490
1.024
1.022
(3)
1.035
1.128
(3)
(3)
.654
1.006
.853
1.125
1.082
1.166

$1,042 $1,034
.946 ..943
.503 (3)
1.064 (3)
1.007 1.058
(3)
1.054 1.008
1.119 1.147
(3)
(3)
.688 .581
1.021 .973
.816 .899
1.145 1.097
1.095 1.056
1.205 1.125

1.362 1.296 1.329 1.204 1.161 1.178 1.099 1.102 1.121
1.454 1.356 1.392 1.266 1.219 1.250 1.157 1.175 1.204

1.070
1.147

1.375 1.310 1.329 1.214 1.165 1.180 1.106 1.110 1.125
1.459 1.374 1.396 1.286 1.223 1.255 1.154 1.190 1.218

1.082
1.159

1.104 1.133 1.128
1.163 1.192 1.211
.839 .731 .739
.822 .851 (3)
1.229
1.378

1.143
1.165
.688
.758

1.202 1.160 1.183 1.087 1.086 1.099 1.048 1.100 1.158
1.334 1.234 1.259 1.171 1.145 1.164 1.101 1.150 1.214

1.019
1.097

1.345
1.442
.966
1.074
1.506
1.676

1.272
1.400
1.256
1.382

1.283
1.350
.915
1.016
1.425
1.482

1.257
1.331
1.178
1.242

1.315
1.388
.966
1.063
1.496
1.634

1.273
1.352
1.210
1.294

1.212
1.274
.780
.911
1.292
1.238

1.202
1.288
1.103
1.160

1.187
1.235
.839
.894
1.323
1.493

1.215
1.284
1.109
1.181

1.209
1.274
.838
.921
1.359
1.521

1.217
1.294
1.121
1.208

1.204
1.250
1.060
1.127

1.137
1.177
1.077
1.128

1.143
1.183
1.103
1.178

(3)
(3)
1.024
1.066

1 Group I, over 1,000,000 population; Group II, 500,000 to 1,000,000; Group III, 250,000 to 500,000; Group
IV, 100,000 to 250,000; Group V, 40,000 to 100,000.
* No city of this size in the South or Southwest.
* Insufficient quotations to compute an average.




24

UNION WAGES AND HOURS'— PRINTING TRADES

CHART 4

AVERAGE UNION WAGE RATES IN
PRINTING TRADES ACCORDING TO
SIZE OF CITY AND REGION
JUNE 1,1941

BOOK AND JOB

AVERAGE HOURLY RATES

E WSPAPER

AVERAGE HOURLY RATES

O VER
(M IL L IO N

5 0 0 ,0 0 0
UNDER
I MILLION

U N ITE D STATES DEPARTMENT OP LABOR
BUREAU OF LABOR S TA TIS TIC S




AVERAGE HOURLY RATES

2 5 0 ,0 0 0
UNDER
5 0 0 ,0 0 0
SIZE OF CITIES

AVERAGE HOURLY RATES

10 0.00 0
UNDER
2 5 0 .0 0 0

4 0 ,0 0 0
UNDER
1 0 0 ,0 0 0

WAGES AND HOURS

25

The southern and southwestern cities in group V had higher
averages for hand compositors, machine tenders, and platen pressmen
in the book and job branch than did the northern and Pacific cities.
This was due primarily to the influence of Phoenix and El Paso.
The other exception in the book and job trades occurred in the book­
binding craft, for which southern cities showed a higher average than
those in the North and Pacific region in group IV. This was, in the
main, due to the low rates for subsidiary occupations in Springfield
and Dayton, the latter having rates as low as 40 cents per hour.
Among the individual newspaper trades, only the day-shift machine
tenders and mailers did not have higher averages in the North and
Pacific region than in the South and Southwest. However, the dif­
ferences ($1,128 as compared with $1,143 in group IV, and $0,838
compared with $0,839 in group V) were so slight that it is impossible
to attribute the causes to the influence of any specific city.
Union Hours, 1941

The two branches of the printing trades differed sharply in their
hour scales for a normal workweek (table 10). In the book and
job trades the 40-hour week prevailed; 87.2 percent of their members
were operating under agreements specifying that scale. The news­
paper trades in general had a shorter workweek. The 37^-hour
week applied to 48.6 percent of the newspaper workers (day shift
50.2 percent, night shift 47.0 percent) while only 21.7 percent had 40
hours and almost none had more than 40 hours as their normal work­
week. Only 13.3 percent of the night-shift workers were covered by
40-hour scales. In fact, 3 of every 8 newspaper workers on night
shifts operated on schedules of less than 37^ hours; about 1 of every
8 workers on day shifts were in the same category. Only one-tenth
of 1 percent of the newspaper workers and none of the book and job
members had workweeks of over 40 hours.
These various hour scales resulted in an average workweek in the
printing trades of 38.7 hours. The average for the book and job
trades was 39.5. The newspaper average was 37.4 hours; on da}T
work it amounted to 38.0 hours, on night work 36.8 hours.
Nine of the 11 book and job trades reported the 40-hour week as
applying to over 94 percent of their members; 5 of them included as
many as 98 percent. Only the electrotypers (45.1 percent) and photo­
engravers (18.4 percent) reported a minority of their members on the
40-hour basis. The electrotypers had 44.4 percent of their members
included under scales between 30 and 35 hours per week, practically
all of them at 32. The photoengravers had workweeks of 35 hours
applying to 33.2 percent and 37% hours covering 44.2 percent of their
number. Because of these exceptions, the electrotypers and photo­




26

UNION WAGES AND HOURS'— PRINTING TRADES

engravers had the lowest average hours per week (36.0 and 37.2, re­
spectively). None of the other book and job trades had average work­
weeks of less than 39.8 hours, although none of them exceeded 40.

T able

10.— Percentage Distribution o f Union Mem bers in the Printing Trades, b y H our
Scales, June I , 1941

I Percentage of members whose hours per week were—

Trade

All printing trades.....................................
Book and job............................... ..............
Bindery women......... ........................
Bookbinders.......................................
Compositors, hand______________
Electrotypers-------------- --------------Machine operators. ........... ......... .
Machine tenders (machinists)____
Mailers________________________
Photoengravers_________________
Press assistants and feeders_______
Pressmen, cylinder________ ______
Pressmen, platen................ ................
Newspaper_________________ _______
Day work............... ....................
Night work_________________
Compositors, hand—......... ...............
Daywork ...................................
Night work--------------------------M achine operators ............. ................
Daywork_____________ _____
Night work______ __________
Machine tenders (machinists).........
Day work__________________
Night work......................... ........
Mailers.________________________
Day work__________________
Night work_________________
Photoengravers..................................
Day work.....................................
Night work_________________
Pressmen ( journeymen)__________
Day work___________________
Night work_________________
Pressmen-in-charge_______ ______
D ayw ork_______ _____ _____
Night work...............................
Stereotypers -------- ------------------Day work__________________
Night work_________________

Aver­
age
hours U n­
per
der
week
30

38.7

0.2

39.5
)
39.9
40.0
.1
39.9
36.0
39.8 " " . 3
40.0
39.9
37.2
40.0
40.0
39.9

0

37.4
38.0
36.8
37.4
37.4
37.3
37.2
37.1
37.2
37. 6
37.7
37.5
38.0
39.1
37.1
38.1
38.5
37.8
37.3
38.6
35.9
37.3
38. 4
36.1
36.9
38.3
35.2

30

Over
30
and
un­
der
35

35

Over
35
and
un­
der
37H

3 7^

Over

37H
and
un­
der
40

40

0.2

3.9

5.4

3.2

21.3

1.6

64.2

(0

2.1

3.3

.5

6.5
2.9
1.6
4.0

.4

44.4
.3

.2

8.9

87.2
97.1
98.4
95.9
45.1
94.4
98.1
95.3
18. 4
98.4
98.1
98.1

.6

.4
33.2

2.9

.1

.8
4.3
1.9
1.4
44.2
1.6
1.8
1.9

4.2

.5
.6
.3

.6
.8
.5

7.2
1.4
12.6

9.4
5.4
13.1

8.3
5.4
11.0

48.6
50.2
47.0

3.6
5.2
2.2

21.7
30.7
13.3

.5
.2

.7
.1

2.3
1.4

8.8
8.1

11.8
15.5

54.8
61.5

4.6
1.2

16.5
12.0

2.2
.7

2.6
1.6

2.3
1.3

9.6
8.4

8.9
11.8

52.2
61.8

4.9
1.8

17.3
12.6

.2

1.6
1.1

4.6
5.3

8.6
15.8

60.0
63.9

9.5
1.7

15.5
12.2

20.9

.6
4.9

.3
12.3

32.6
39.3

3.5
3. 2

63.0
19.4

6.0

.3
.8

61.0
75.4

.4
1.2

38.3
16.6

'30.'6’

.1
35.4

.2
10.5

53.1
10.4

7.3
4.2

38.0
9.5

27.1

39.2

.7
2.7

54.6
12.7

10.8
4.7

34.5
13.6

2.5
41.0

8.6
9.4

1.8
.8

39.8
33.1

3.5
.1

43.8
14.8

___ ___

.3

.5

Over
40

0)

0.1
.3

1.3

i Less than a tenth of 1 percent.
Among the newspaper workers, the mailers on day shift were the
only ones with a majority of their number (63.0 percent) working a
40-hour week. The typographic trades and photoengravers, day and
night shifts, had substantial majorities of their members operating
under agreements providing for a 37^-hour week, as did also the dayshift workers of the pressmen (journeymen and men-in-charge). How­
ever, over one-half of the night-shift workers of the pressman group
had workweeks of 35 hours or less. The same condition existed for
the stereotypers on night shifts. Only the pressmen reported work-




27

WAGES AND HOURS

weeks of over 40 hours, 1.3 percent of them having scales of 42 hours.
The stereo typers on night work had the lowest average hours per
week (35.2) closely followed by the night pressmen (35.9) and pressmen-in-charge (36.1). The stereo typers also reported the lowest aver­
age (36.9) for all members. All of the remaining trades and shifts had
average workweeks of 37 to 39.1 hours.
Changes in Hours Between 1940 and 1941

There was very little change in weekly hours for union members in
the book and job printing trades during the period June 1, 1940, to
June 1, 1941. Only 9 of 1,256 quotations reported differences from
last year (table 11). Seven of these changes provided for a shorter
workweek affecting less than 1 percent of the total members. Hours
of work at straight time remained the same for over 99 percent of
the members in this branch. Seven of the trades had no changes
whatever.

T able

11.— Num ber o f Changes in Union H our Quotations and Percentage o f M em bers
Affected, June i , 1941, Compared with June i , 1940

Trade
All printing trades............................
Book and job.....................................
Bindery women.........................
Bookbinders_______ _______
Compositors, hand..................
Electrotypers_______ -______
Machine operators__________
Machine tenders (machinists).
Mailers___________________
PhotoengraversT.. . ... _ ...
Press assistants and feeders ...
Pressmen, cylinder___ ______
Pressmen, platen_______ ____
Newspaper.........................................
Day work........... ........... .
Night w ork.......................
Compositors, hand:
Day work......... ...................
Night work......................
Machine operators:
Day work.............................
Night work_______ _____
Machine tenders (machinists):
Day work............................
Night work..........................
Mailers:
Day work.............................
Night work............... ..........
Photoengravers:
Day work............................
Night w o r k ...,..................
Pressmen (journeymen):
Day work.............................
Night work..........................
Pressmeri-in-eharce:
Day work.............................
Night work..........................
Stereotypes:
Day work.............................
Night work..........................
1 Less then a tenth of 1 percent.
457414°— 42-------5



of quotations Percentage of union mem­
Number Number
showing—
bers affected by—
of quota­
tions com­
parable In
No
De­
In­
De­
No
with 1940 crease
crease change crease crease change
2,372
1,256
75
159
92
57
100
42
36
56
214
308
117
1,116
579
537
81
74
83
75

9
2
1
1

3
1
7
4
3
1
1

70

66
63
57
48
48
87
80
73
66
74
71

78
7
2
1

1
1
1
1
1

71
38
33
4
3
4
4
3
3
1
2
5
4
7
4
6
5
8
8

2,285
1,247
72
157
92
57
100
42
36
53
214
307
117
1,038
537
501
76
71
78
71
67
63
61
55
42
43
80
75
67
60
66
63

0)
0)
(0
0.1

1.8
.6
1.1
.6
3.7
.2

!

!2
.1
.1
.2
•

.6
.5
.5
.1
.2

4.2
5.5
2.9
2.8
2.6
3.7
2.4
3.5
3.6
2.1
1.6
2.9
3.8
9.6
1.4
4.2
2.7
12.7
10.4

98.2
99.4
98.9
99.3
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
96.3
100.0
99.8
100.0
95.7
94.3
97.0
97.1
97.4
96.1
97.6
96.5
96.4
97.3
98.4
96.6
95.7
90.4
98.5
95.8
97.1
87.3
89.6

28

UNION WAGES AND HOURS— PRINTING TRADES

In the newspaper branch, changes were slightly more numerous,
although 95.7 percent of the total members maintained their 1940
schedules. Day workers had 5.5 percent of their number working a
shorter week than in the previous year, while only 2.9 percent of the
night workers were thus affected. A negligible number of newspaper
workers had their workweeks increased.
Among the individual trades, only the stereotypers had as many as
10 percent of their members receiving a reduction in working hours.
The pressmen on day shift obtained a shortened workweek for 9.6
percent of their number. All of the other trades and shifts main­
tained their 1940 scales for at least 95 percent of their members.
Overtime Rates

Time and a half for overtime is practically universal in the printing
trades. Over 99 percent of the union members are paid on this basis.
Double time is specified in a few of the book and job quotations but
none of the workers in the newspaper branch receive penalty compen­
sation amounting to twice the regular hourly rate. The bindery
women indicated double time for 6.7 percent of their membership, this
being the only trade to have less than 99 percent of its members
receiving time and a half for overtime. Except for two quotations in
photoengravers* reports, all newspaper agreements provided for time
and a half.
In a number of the reports it was stated that the initial overtime
rates applied for only a limited number of hours before or after the
regular working time and that a higher rate applied thereafter. A
number of the unions further restricted overtime work by requiring
any member who had worked overtime to take equivalent time
off as soon as a competent substitute was available to work in his
place.
The distribution of the initial overtime rates provided in the print­
ing-trades agreements and the proportions of the memberships to
which they applied are shown in table 12.




29

WAGES AND HOURS

T able 12.— Overtime Rates Provided in Printing-Trades Union Agreements, June 1 , 1941

Number of quotations showing Percentage of union members hav­
initial rates of—
ing initial overtime rates of—
Trade

Time
and
a half

All printing trades________________ 2,463
1,344
86
Bindery women______ _______
180
Bookbinders.............................. .
88
Compositors, hand....................
59
E lectrotypers.___ ____________
101
Machine operators........................
43
Machine tenders (machinists)...
38
Mailers______________
___
60
Photoengravers_______________
241
Press assistants and feeders____
Pressmen, cylinder....................... 327
Pressmen, platen_____________
121
Newspaper______________________ 1,119
Day w ork..............................
581
Night work.............................
538
Compositors hand:
Day work.................................
81
Night work..... .......................
74
Machine operators: .
Day work........... .....................
84
Night work_______________
76
Machine tenders (machinists):
Day w ork..................... ........
70
Night work
66
Mailers:
Day work................................
64
Night work_____ _________
57
Photoengravers:
47
Day work________________
Night work............ ...............
47
Pressmen (journeymen):
Day work _______________
88
Night work__ ___________
81
Pressmen-in-charge:
73
Daywork
_______ _
Night work ____________
66
Stereotypers:
Day work
74
Night, work _ __
71
1 Less than a tenth of 1 percent.




No
No
pen­ Time Dou­ Other pen­
Dou­ Other
pen­
alty
pen­
alty
ble
ble
alty rate aand
alty rate
time scale
spec­ half time scale spec­
ified
ified
30
30
7
5

2

5
9
3
2
1
1

1
1

1
1
1

99.4
99.1
93.3
99.3
99.9
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
99.9
99.7
99.7
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
99.4
99.5
100.0
100.0
..100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0

0.6
.9
6.7
.6
.1

(0

.i
.3
.3
0)
(0
(0

0.6
.5

0)
0)
0.1




P A R T I I .— P R O V I S IO N S I N

U N IO N

AGREEM ENTS

The following discussion of the provisions generally included in
printing-trades agreements is based upon an analysis of 334 current
agreements in the files of the Bureau of Labor Statistics.1 Wage
and hour scales are not included (see pt. I) although general regula­
tions pertaining to the payment of wages and overtime are discussed.
Provisions in union constitutions and bylaws which have a bearing
on work conditions are also included.
Parties to the Agreements

Agreements in the printing trades are usually negotiated by indi­
vidual unions with an employer or group of employers. Only about
one-fourth of the agreements were negotiated with formal organiza­
tions of employers into associations. However, it is quite common
for two, three, or more employers, generally representing either the
newspaper or book and job branch of the industry, to combine tem­
porarily for bargaining purposes. In a few cases the various unions
will form a bargaining unit for negotiations, thereby consolidating all
of the unions’ terms in a single agreement.
In the newspaper branch of the industry, the American Newspaper
Publishers Association, a Nation-wide organization of employers, has
from time to time entered into agreements covering arbitration pro­
cedures with the individual international unions. These national
agreements are generally made a part of any local agreements made by
a newspaper publishing firm which is affiliated with the A. No P. A.
Employers, especially those in associations, are usually given a
guarantee of uniform union conditions in their locality by the inclu­
sion of a provision in the agreement whereby the union agrees that if
any more favorable conditions are granted in any subsequent con­
tracts to other employers, the same conditions will automatically be
applied to the agreements made with the original employer or em­
ployers. A similar purpose is accomplished in some agreements,
especially those of the photoengravers, in which the union is pro­
hibited from entering into any agreements differing from the original.
In addition there is some effort to obtain uniform working conditions
for all members of a craft throughout the country by the use of a

1 The signatory unions to these agreements were: International Brotherhood of Bookbinders, international
Photoengravers' Union, International Printing Pressmen and Assistants’ Union, International Typograph­
ical Union, and the International Stereotypers’ and Electrotypers’ Union




31

32

UNION WAGES AND HOURS— PRINTING TRADES

standard agreement form in which the local unions insert their
negotiated wage rates, hours, and other varying provisions. The
International Typographical Union and the International Printing
Pressmen and Assistants’ Union are outstanding in this respect.
All of the printing-trades unions have incorporated a rule in their
constitutions whereby any agreements made by the local unions must
be sanctioned and underwritten by either the executive council or
the president of the parent body.
Duration of the Agreements

About one-fourth of the agreements studied were made for a 1-year
term, one-third for 2 years, one-fourth for 3 years, and the remainder
for varying periods ranging from 5 months to 5 years. In addition,
the majority of printing-trades agreements contain automatic renewal
clauses whereby the agreement is continued beyond the original term
unless either party gives notice of desired changes at least 30 to 60
days before the expiration date. Longer notice is required in a few
agreements. Typographical Union agreements often specify that the
agreement continues in effect after the expiration date only during a
period— usually 30 days— sufficient for negotiating the new agree­
ment.
Those agreements lasting several years usually provide that new
wage rates or similar provisions may be discussed for possible changes
on any of the anniversary dates prior to the expiration, provided
proper notice is given. According to about 3 percent of the agree­
ments, wage discussions may be opened at any time after notification;
in about 5 percent, wages are either adjusted automatically in accord­
ance with the cost of living or the agreement may be opened for wage
negotiations when the cost of living has increased by a fixed amount.
A few newspaper agreements provide for increased wage rates depend­
ing upon increases in advertising lineage.
Union Status

Closed shop.— Practically all of the printing-trades agreements
provide for the closed shop. The preferential shop is provided in a
very few of the agreements, and several others include a maintenance
of membership clause whereby those employees who are members
and those who become members must continue their membership as a
condition of employment.
In the organized printing trades the foreman must invariably be a
member of the union. The same condition applies to superintendents
under numerous photoengraver agreements. As members, these
officials are obliged to follow union bylaws and decisions but the




PROVISIONS IN UNION AGREEMENTS

33

unions may not discipline them for actions taken in their capacity as
the employers’ representatives.
Local unions practically always reserve to their members the right
to refuse to work on material from a shop which is on strike or for
employers declared unfair to organized labor. In some cases the
union must notify the employer in advance before such action is taken.
Hiring.— Under the closed-shop agreements, the unions agree to
furnish an adequate number of competent men to meet the require­
ments of the employer. The selection of new employees from among
the union members is usually delegated to the foremen, subject to
rules established by the respective unions. On newspapers, and less
frequently on book and job work, the union rules provide that the
regular jobs in a shop must be given to those on the shop’s substitute
list, in order of seniority, provided that the substitutes are competent.
The decision as to competency is left to the foremen although the
typographical agreements often contain competency standards.
Decisions of the foremen are subject to review upon appeal to the
chapel (that is, all the members in the shop), the local union, joint
committee, or the international executive board or convention, as the
case may be.
A worker obtains a position on the substitute list of a shop by adding
his name at the bottom of the list for the shop, subject to the foreman’s
approval. Extra work is then given out in the order of the names on
the list. So long as a member is on the substitute list for one shop,
he is usually prohibited from working in any other shop, except in
emergencies and after permission has been obtained.
Should additional men be required after all members on the sub­
stitute list of a shop have been put to work, union rules require the
foreman to call upon the local union to furnish the needed workers.
Almost 40 percent of the agreements state that if the union is unable
to supply a sufficient number of qualified men within a specified time,
the employers are free to 'hire other workers, sometimes advertising
in the name of the union, on condition that they are to be paid the
union scale and will subsequently either make application for union
membership or be replaced by union members when available. A
provision of this type occurs most frequently in photoengravers’
agreements and least frequently among those of the typographic and
stereotype trades. The latter trades quite often attempt to alleviate
the shortage of labor by permitting their members to work an extra
day at straight time rates.
Check-off.— The check-off is rare in the printing trades. Only 1
agreement out of 334 studied contained a provision for the collection
of dues and assessments by the employer for the union, this being a
reciprocation of the right granted the employer to pay by check.




34

UNION WAGES AND HOURS— PRINTING TRADES

Enforcement— The printing trades have made unusually effective
use of the label as an aid to the enforcement of union conditions in the
shop. Although each of the unions has its own label, that of the
Allied Printing Trades Council, a joint organization, is used wherever
a council exists in the locality. The labels are issued to employers
who have signed agreements and are living up to the provisions agreed
upon. The labels may be withdrawn by the council whenever one of
the agreements signed by the separate unions has been violated by an
employer.
As a further aid to the enforcement of the agreement about 3 per­
cent of the agreements stipulate that copies of employers’ pay rolls
shall be furnished to the union.
Wage Regulations
D IF F E R E N T IA L S

Occupational differentials.— The printing agreements establish
different minimum pay scales for each occupation, and frequently
for the various occupational subdivisions. The rates for pressmen
on book and job work are classified according to the size, kind, and,
less frequently, the number of presses operated; color work is fre­
quently rated higher than black-ink press work. The rate schedules
for compositors frequently require higher pay for machine work than
for hand composition and sometimes differentiate between monotype
and linotype operating. Machinists often are granted rate differen­
tials depending upon the number of machines tended. For all but the
very small shops, the bookbinders and bindery women’s agreements
specify extensive differentials depending upon the particular operations
to which the workers may be assigned. Electrotypers’ agreements in
many cases provide higher rates for finishers and molders than for
branchmen, batterymen, builders, or casters. All of these differen­
tials are based upon the skill or responsibility required in the various
operations.
Sex differentials.— In the printing trades, wage rates are set uni­
formly for each job and the payment of sex differentials is not per­
mitted. The Typographical Union’s constitution specifically pro­
hibits such differentials. Although women are among the lowestpaid workers in the industry, this is due to the general practice of
employing women workers only in the bindery trades.
Differential fo r older workers.—In order to avoid dismissals of older
or disabled workers who are unable to maintain the usual rate of
production, printing agreements— particularly those of the Typo­
graphical Union— frequently permit the employment of such workers
at less than the established occupational rate. The rate for older
or disabled workers is either specified as a percentage of the regular



PROVISIONS IN UNION AGREEMENTS

35

scale or is negotiated in each individual case by the union and the
employer.
Night-work differential.— Since night work is common, particularly
in newspaper publishing, the payment of differentials for night work
is a general practice. Such differentials may be either in the form of
higher hourly rates, fewer hours for the same weekly wage, or a
combination of the two. (For details on night-rate differentials in
newspaper work, see p. 18.)
In book and job work, the photoengravers usually show the greatest
differential for night work, most often $5 per week. Electrotypers
quite often provide a 10-percent increase over the day scale, while
bookbinders generally stipulate night rates of from 5 to 10 cents per
hour higher than day rates.
Extra men.— Several agreements covering the typographic trades
stipulate that extra employees who work less than a specified number
of days per week, usually 3, shall receive a daily bonus in addition
to the regular daily wage.
P A ID

LUNCH

P E R IO D S

Regular lunch periods are paid for under only a small number of
agreements. However, a number of electro typers’ agreements, as
well as a few of the other trades, provide for paid lunch periods during
extended periods of overtime work. Other times when lunch periods
are sometimes paid for are on the Saturday night shift, on the regular
night shift, on each of the shifts during three-shift operation, or during
the morning when work was started prior to the regular starting
time.
M IN IM U M

CALL

PAY

A majority of the agreements provide for a minimum amount to
be paid to men reporting for work, if not previously notified to the
contrary or discharged for cause. Most often wages for a full shift
are to be paid, especially among newspaper workers. Wages for a
half shift are stipulated in a number of agreements, particularly in the
book and job branch. Extra workers are usually paid for a, full shift,
even though beginning work after the regular starting time, except
when they work a full shift on the following day.
M IS C E L L A N E O U S

PAY

P R O V IS IO N S

A small number of the- agreements make specific requirement for
the payment of wages weekly and in cash, usually within 2 days after
the close of the fiscal week. Generally, pay must be received within
15 or 30 minutes after quitting time on a specified day. If pay day
falls on a holiday, payment of wages the day before is generally re­
quired. A few agreements state that the union retains the right to

457414°— 42------6



36

UNION WAGES AND HOURS— PRINTING TRADES

withhold its members from work if wages for the previous week have
not been paid.
A small number of agreements provide that when a worker is trans­
ferred temporarily from one job to another he shall receive whichever
rate is higher.
Hour Regulations
O V E R T IM E

Overtime in the printing trades is generally defined as time worked
before or in excess of the regular hours established for the day’s or
nights work. With practically no exceptions the initial overtime
rate for work done in excess of the regular hours is time and one-half
unless, as in most of the photoengravers agreements, time has been
voluntarily lost during the regular workweek. In these exceptions
overtime may be worked at straight time rates provided it is not done
on Saturdays or Sundays. Frequently, especially in agreements of
the electrotypers, double time must be paid for work done before the
posted starting time.
A majority of agreements covering book and job work provide a
double time rate for all overtime in excess of 3 or 4 hours per day or
night, and some of the photoengravers receive triple time after the
second 3 or 4 hours of overtime in any 1 day. In addition about 45
percent of the photoengravers agreements limit the amount of over­
time a person may work in 1 week, usually 8 hours.
Other limitations on overtime were made by union rules, rather than
by agreement. The constitutions of the International Typographical
Union and the International Stereotypers and Electrotypers Union
require that local unions adopt laws compelling regular employees
who work overtime to engage unemployed substitutes to cancel the
amount of overtime worked.
As most of the printing-trades agreements specify a 5-day week,
Saturday work in the book and job trades is often done at the time
and one-half rate for the first 4 hours and double time thereafter.
In newspaper work, members are often required to work the sixth
day at the straight time rate if no competent substitutes are available.
The overtime rate must be paid, however, for work on the seventh
day, regardless of cause.
If members are requested to work during their regular lunch period,
it is often stipulated that they be paid at the overtime rate.
Workers who have left the building and are called back to work
are usually paid $1 plus the regular overtime rate for the hours worked.
Occasionally, a minimum amount of time is guaranteed a person called
back. Often a specified number of hours must elapse between the
end of a shift, including overtime, and the beginning of the member’s



PROVISIONS IN UNION AGREEMENTS

37

next shift or else overtime rates apply. This period is usually 8, 9,
or 10 hours. The latter provisions occur most frequently in the
newspaper branch of the industry.
Foremen, except when performing regular journeymen's work, are
usually exempted from the overtime provisions. Apprentices are
often prohibited from working overtime, especially when insufficient
journeymen are working overtime to maintain the ratio called for
in the agreement. A number of agreements state that foremen and
apprentices shall not work overtime to the detriment of the journey­
men.
S H IF T S

Day and night shifts are usual in the newspaper branch of the print­
ing trades, but occur less frequently on book and job work. The hours
that are to be considered day work and night work are usually speci­
fied. The Typographical Union agreements generally classify as
day work all that performed between 7 a. m. and 6 p. m., while night
work is that between 6 p. m. and 7 a.m. Pho to engravers' agreements
usually have a shorter range of hours classifying day and night work,
and quite often prohibit apprentices from working on the night shift.
Other unions often specify the 12-hour periods from 6 a. m. to 6 p. m.
and vice versa. Where a third or “ lobster" shift is worked, the hour
limits for this shift may also be specified.
The hours for the night shift are shorter than the day-shift hours in
a substantial number of agreements. Generally “ lobster" shifts are
shorter than the others. Printing-trades agreements generally specify
that the hours of work shall be consecutive. Day rates are usually
paid for any work beginning and ending during the specified period
of hours for day work, while the night rate is to apply for any shift
beginning or ending during the period of hours classified as night work
(See p. 18 for actual differences in rates.)
H O L ID A Y

AND

SUNDAY

RATES

In the printing trades, payment of wages for time off on holidays
is very unusual. For work done on Sundays and holidays double
time is the rate commonly provided in book and job shops. Triple
time is occasionally provided in photoengravers' agreements. In
some instances only the regular overtime rate is paid.
Because of the necessity for 7-day schedules on many newspapers,
these union agreements do not usually require Sunday penalty rates,
as such, for regularly scheduled work. However, penalty rates of
double time, time and one-half, or a shortened workday for a full
day's pay are in effect in most agreements for Sunday work not
regularly a part of the working schedule. Frequently, the agree­
ments specify that work done between the hours of 7 a. m. and 6 p. m.



38

UNION WAGES AND HOURS— PRINTING TRADES

on Sundays shall be at the penalty scale, thus allowing the regular
rates to be paid for the Sunday and Monday morning editions.
Holidays in the newspaper branch are usually paid for at penalty
rates, most often double time. A minimum guarantee of 4 hours at
the penalty scale is provided in a number of agreements. Frequently
in those agreements that do not specify a holiday rate as a multiple
of the regular rate, payment of a full day’s wage for a shortened
day’s work, usually 5 hours, is specified. Holidays vary in the agree­
ments from 3 to 11, but the 6 most usually specified are: New Year’s
Day, Memorial Day, Fourth of July, Labor Day, Thanksgiving,
and Christmas. Work on Labor Day is prohibited entirely or con­
siderably restricted in some cases.
Vacations With P ay

About 28 percent (newspaper 36 percent, book and job 20 percent)
of the agreements studied provided annual vacations with pay. In
addition to the formal agreements which provide vacations with
pay, verbal understandings granting vacations are in effect in a number
of plants. The Typographical Union showed the largest proportion
of its members receiving vacations. This union, as well as those
covering the stereotypers, electrotypers, and photoengravers, have
constitutional provisions requiring each local to include a vacation
clause in all proposed contracts.
The usual amount of vacation granted is 1 week, although several
agreements specify 10 days or 2 weeks. Generally the member must
have served a particular employer for a period of 1 year before vaca­
tion rights are granted. In addition, a number of agreements state
that the employee must have worked a specified number of shifts
within the year to be eligible for the full amount of vacation. Extra
workers are usually granted vacations at the rate of 1 day for each
26, 52, or other specified number of days worked. However, vacation
rights may not be accrued by both the regular employee and his
substitute.
Seniority, Lay-off, and Promotion

The printing-trades unions were among the first in this country
to secure firmly established seniority rules to govern conditions of
employment. In addition to the inclusion of seniority provisions
in agreements— generally in those covering pressmen and the typo­
graphic trades, less frequently in others— the constitutions and bylaws
of the various parent bodies and the working rules of the locals pro­
vide rules for seniority, or “ priority” as it is commonly called.
The seniority standing of each employee is based on his length of
service in a shop. Since each union bargains separately for the occu­



PROVISIONS IN UNION AGREEMENTS

39

pations under its jurisdiction, the length of service considered is
confined to time worked in one of the occupations covered. There­
fore, the seniority is not on a shop basis, but on a craft within the shop.
In effect, however, since it is rare to change from one occupation to
another, an employee’s seniority under these agreements would
equal his total service with an employer.
No individual is permitted to hold seniority in more than one shop,
and acceptance of employment in any shop results in loss of priority
in all others. In an emergency, however, when the union is called
upon to supply extra men, a member may secure permission from the
chapel in which he holds priority to accept temporary employment
in another shop without loss of his seniority standing.
Discharge for cause, or lay-off exceeding specified periods, results
in loss of seniority. Discharge for incompetency in one branch of a
craft, however, does not usually result in the loss of seniority in other
branches in which the member has demonstrated his competency.
During slack periods, lay-offs in the printing trades are generally
governed by the application of seniority, the last person employed in a
craft or branch of the craft being the first to be laid off. Similarly,
workers must be reemployed on the basis of their seniority standing,
although priority rights in rehiring are sometimes not extended beyond
a year or other specified time after lay-off. Since the apprentice
system is general in the printing trades, seniority is also applied among
the apprentices when lay-offs are necessary, in order to maintain the
established ratio of apprentices to journeymen. Advance notice of
lay-offs, usually either 1 day or 1 week, is required in almost 20 percent
of the agreements.
Rotation or equal division of available work during slack periods is
unusual in the printing trades except among the photoengravers.
Agreements of this trade quite often provide for a reduced workday
and workweek on condition that it shall affect the ‘ entire working
force. A minimum number of hours, generally 30, per week is speci­
fied, and overtime must be paid for all hours in excess. A very few
agreements of other trades permit a shorter workweek during slack
periods, and one or two state that temporary lay-offs shall be rotated
equally.
Since transfers and promotions are not frequent in the printing
trades, most of the agreements do not specify the application of
seniority in such cases. Some agreements, however, state that
seniority shall govern the selection of a night worker to fill a vacancy
on the day force.
M IL IT A R Y

S E R V IC E

About- 13 percent of the printing-trades agreements include a
provision covering an employee’s status during his service in the



40

UNION WAGES AND HOURS1— PRINTING TRADES

country's armed forces. In most cases, if the member has been honor­
ably discharged from the service and is still qualified to perform the
duties of his former position, the agreements provide that he shall be
restored to his old position or to a position of like seniority, status, and
pay, if he makes application for reemployment within 40 days after
he is relieved from active duty. The member is considered as having
been on leave of absence, with retention of seniority already acquired
but no accumulation of seniority while in military service. Many of
these agreements specify, however, that the employer is not required
to restore a position which may have been abolished through reduction
of regular situations in order to reemploy the returned soldier.
Working Rules

The constitution of the bookbinders, stereotypers and electrotypers,
and pressmen treat in some detail the number of persons to be em­
ployed on various types of machinery or the maximum number of
machines an individual may operate. In addition, the agreements of
the pressmen usually contain detailed provisions covering the comple­
ment of men to be used for each type of press or group of presses.
Agreements made by the typographic trades usually stipulate the
employment of a machinist when a specified number of machines are
in use. Such provisions appear infrequently among agreements of
the other trades.
Except for photoengravers and compositors, agreements rarely
have any provisions limiting the quantity or quality of work or the
machinery used to do the work. A number of photoengravers’
agreements specifically provide that there shall be no restrictions as to
the amount of work to be done or the kind of work an employee shall
handle within his branch, nor shall there by any limitations upon the
apparatus or methods used. The Typographical Union frequently
sets standards of production for machine work in order to provide
methods of judging competency. This union also prohibits its locals
from including piece or bonus rates in new agreements or in renewed
agreements after January 1, 1941.
The Typographical Union prohibits the interchanging, exchanging,
borrowing, lending, or buying of matter previously used, either in the
form of type or matrices, between newspapers and job offices not
owned by the same employer and published in the same establishment,
unless the type or matrices are reset within a specified time.
D IS C H A R G E

AND

Q U IT S

Printing-trades agreements usually state that discharges may be
made for (1) incompetency, (2) neglect of duty, (3) violation of shop
rules or union regulations conspicuously posted, or (4) “ for just cause."




PROVISIONS IN UNION AGREEMENTS

41

A large number of agreements state that a member shall not be dis­
charged for union activities unless such activities interfere with the
normal and regular work of the office. Most of the agreements list
“ to reduce the force” as a cause for discharge, although in other indus­
tries this is known as a lay-off. Advance notice of discharge, usually
1 week, is required in about 20 percent of the agreements, most often
in agreements covering photoengravers and pressmen. Generally the
employees are required to reciprocate this notice when quitting.
Usually the specific reason for discharge must be furnished in writ­
ing upon request. The discharged person may then appeal his case
through either the regular joint standing committee or, under some
agreements, a special discharge committee. Usually discharge cases
may be submitted to arbitration.
The Typographical Union provides an alternative appeal whereby
the local or the foreman, by agreement, have the choice of presenting
the case to the local joint standing committee or to the executive
council of the international union and a convention of this union.
Frequently the agreements specify that the joint committee may de­
termine whether wages, and the amount thereof, must be paid to a
member unjustly discharged.
Apprentices

Uniform minimum standards for apprentices are established in the
printing trades through extensive provisions in the constitutions of the
international unions, supplemented by local union regulations and
agreement provisions negotiated with employers. Decisions as to
apprentice wage scales, the details of supervision and training, and
the ratio of apprentices to journeymen are generally left to local
negotiation.
The typographical constitution includes a requirement that no
local accept an apprentice under 16 years of age. In the other unions,
the locals may set the age limit at their discretion. In these cases
16 years is also the usual minimum age for apprentices, although a
number of agreements set the minimum at 18.
One year is the minimum apprentice period for bindery girls and 4
years for bookbinders. Pressmen require a 5-year apprenticeship,
while the stereotypers, electrotypers, compositors, and photoengravers
serve 6-year terms. The latter two may have their terms reduced to
5 years on special request.
All of the international constitutions require that the local unions
fix a ratio of apprentices to journeymen, the purpose being to admit to
the trade only the number of new workers actually needed. The
photoengravers, constitution sets a ratio of one apprentice to every
seven journeymen as the maximum, the locals being permitted to




42

UNION WAGES AND HOURS---- PRINTING TRADES

establish more restrictive ratios. The executive council of the inter­
national union, however, may permit exceptions down to a ratio of
one to five. Approximately 45 percent of the current photoengravers’
agreements do not fix apprentice ratios, but prohibit the hiring of any
new apprentices during the life of the agreement, or less often, except
with the mutual consent of the parties to the agreement. Stereotypers’ agreements also occasionally prohibit apprentices when there
seems to be an excess number of journeymen.
The other international unions place no restrictions on the ratio
which is to be fixed in the locality. One apprentice to four or five
journeymen is the most common ratio. In large establishments it is
usually required that more journeymen be employed per apprentice
than in the smaller plants. Occasionally a maximum will be set on
the total number of apprentices which may be employed in any one
office.
In order to maintain a close check on the apprenticeship system,
every printing-trades union is required to register each apprentice, and
apprentices are prohibited, as a rule, from changing from one shop to
another without permission of the local union. The apprentices are
not accepted into full membership in the union until they have com­
pleted their term of apprenticeship. The bookbinders’ and the typo­
graphical unions, however, accept apprentices as junior members of
the union after 1 year of apprenticeship is completed.
Special local committees are generally established to supervise the
training of apprentices. Periodic examinations of the apprentices
are usual. In some cases the employer is also given representation on
the apprentice committee. There are specified, in addition, certain
physical requirements, as well as educational training, which must be
completed. Pressmen and typographical apprentices are required to
take correspondence courses given by their international unions.
The local unions usually reserve the right to refuse to register appren­
tices in shops where the equipment is considered inadequate for proper
instruction. In all cases reports must be made periodically, by the
local committee or officers in charge of apprentices, to the international
office of the union.
Wage rates for apprentices are graduated up to the regular union
rate at the completion of apprenticeship, increases being granted every
6 months or every year. For the longer apprentice terms the begin­
ning rate is proportionately lower and in many such cases the union
does not assume the responsibility for rate setting until after 1 or 2
years of apprenticeship have been completed.
Overtime work is frequently prohibited except for advanced appren­
tices. Another requirement is that there must be at least one journey­
man working overtime before an apprentice may be allowed to do so.
A provision, found chiefly in tj^pographical agreements, is that the



PROVISIONS IN UNION AGREEMENTS

43

ratio between apprentices and journeymen required during regular
hours must be maintained for overtime work. Night work is also
occasionally restricted or it may be forbidden completely, this latter
being a frequent requirement in photoengravers, agreements.
Health and Safety

None of the printing-trades agreements mention safety regulations.
The health provisions are usually stated in very general terms, com­
monly specifying only that the employer is to furnish a clean, healthful,
sufficiently ventilated, properly heated and lighted place for all work.
The agreements of the typographic trades usually state that all
machines or apparatus from which dust, gases, or other impurities
are produced or generated shall be equipped in such manner as to
protect the health o f all employees. Sometimes the agreements
declare that it is the joint responsibility of the union and the employer
to maintain sanitary conditions and, occasionally, there is provision
for a joint sanitation committee.
Adjustment of Disputes

The printing unions, in order to meet the problems of standardizing
conditions of work in an industry characterized by the existence of
many small plants operating within a city, usually organize the
workers into a single city-wide local for each trade. In the adjust­
ment of disputes, therefore, the process of settlement follows the
general pattern of union organization.
The members of each craft in a shop usually unite into an organiza­
tion for the purpose of handling grievances and otherwise promoting
the interests of the union. In the typographical trades these shop
units are called chapels. One of the members is elected shop chair­
man, and it is his duty to handle the initial steps in a grievance
case by conferring with the foreman and then presenting the findings
to the shop organization for consideration or approval.
If the shop organization (chapel) is unable to reach a satisfactory
adjustment with the employer, appeal is made to the officers of the
local union. These unions commonly have a full-time paid business
agent, employed by the local union to function in the negotiations
with the employers as well as in certain business affairs of the union.
A large part of the negotiations after a chapel has appealed to the
local union are carried on by the business agent, although he may be
assisted by other officers of the union or a committee designated by
the local. A number of agreements specifically provide that union
officials may visit the shop for the purpose of settling disputes.




44

UNION WAGES AND HOURS— PRINTING TRADES
J O IN T

C O M M IT T E E S

About 80 percent of the printing-trades agreements provide for
joint standing committees to which are referred grievances or other
disputes over the interpretation of the agreements which remain
unsettled after the initial procedures. These committees customarily
are composed of two representatives of the employer and two of the
union. A majority vote of the committee is required for decision
on all matters referred to it.
In order to expedite the settlement of disputes, time limits are
frequently imposed on the functioning of the bipartisan committee.
Usually the committee must convene within a specified number of
days, usually 5 or 10, after a dispute has been referred to it. Generally
if this joint committee is unable to reach a decision within 30 days,
the problem must be presented for arbitration*.
A R B IT R A T IO N

Arbitration of disputes is encouraged by all of the printing-trades
unions. As a result, practically all of the agreements providing joint
standing committees also provide for arbitration in the event that the
committee is unable to reach a decision. In addition, a number of
others not providing bipartisan boards specify arbitration. Permanent
arbiters in the printing trades are rare. I d a small majority of those
agreements specifying arbitration, the joint standing committee
selects an impartial member to act as arbiter. In nearly all of the
remainder of the agreements providing arbitration, an entirely new
board, together with an impartial member, is chosen. About 5
percent of the agreements specify arbitration but set up no machinery.
A considerable number of agreements state that, should the disputing
parties be unable to agree on an impartial arbiter, the choice shall be
left to the president of the international union and the chairman of the
joint standing committee of the American Newspaper Publishers
Association. In a very few cases the arbiter is chosen by a Federal
judge.
Arbitration boards and procedures have been established from time
to time by agreements between the various international unions and
the American Newspaper Publishers Association. For example, an
agreement is now in existence between the International Printing
Pressmen and Assistants’ Union and the A. N. P. A. which provides
a code of procedure to be followed under all agreements calling for
local arbitration. If the local agreements do not provide for arbitra­
tion, all disputes which cannot be settled by conciliation shall be
submitted to the chairman of the special standing committee of the
A. N. P. A. and the president of the international union. In case
these two officials cannot agree, the differences shall be submitted to



PROVISIONS IN UNION AGREEMENTS

45

the international board of arbitration, which consists of three members
of each national body and an impartial member. Decisions of local
arbitration boards may also be appealed to the international board
of arbitration.
Although similar national agreements covering the other trades are
not in effect at the present time, many of the local contracts state that
arbitration shall be as provided in an expired international board of
arbitration agreement. A number of local typographical agreements
include a provision stating that in the event the International Typo­
graphical Union and the A. N. P. A. enter into an international
arbitration agreement, it shall be accepted by both local parties.
Unlike the prevailing practice in other industries, almost one-third
of the printing-trades agreements provide for the arbitration of succeed­
ing agreements, as well as the arbitration of disputes arising under
existing agreements. This provision is included in a majority of the
pressmen’s agreements, and local arbitration of disagreements arising
in negotiations for a new agreement is included in the international
board of arbitration agreement. Almost one-half of the agreements
covering stereotypers and electrotypers also provide for arbitration
of new agreements.
Most of the agreements providing for arbitration state that local
union laws not affecting wages, hours, and working conditions and the
general laws of the international shall not be subject to arbitration.
A number of agreements state that if a contention arises over whether
a dispute is arbitrable, such question shall be immediately presented
to an arbitration board.
S T R IK E S

AND

L O C K -O U T S

A great majority of printing-trades agreements, either by inference
or specific provisions, prohibit interruptions in work pending concilia­
tion or arbitration. A large number state that conditions in existence
prior to a disagreement shall be maintained until a settlement by
arbitration has been reached. In addition, almost one-third of them,
chiefly among the pressmen and typographic trades in the newspaper
branch, specifically ban strikes pending arbitration and one-sixth
more include provisions which prohibit all strikes during the life of
the agreement. Inasmuch as about one-third of all the agreements
provided for the arbitration of the terms of the succeeding agreements,
strikes during the negotiating period also would be generally out­
lawed in these cases.
A specific prohibition of sympathetic strikes is found in only a
very small number of agreements. However, since they are not
exempted from the “ no strike” clause, it is assumed they are banned
along with strikes for other causes.




46

UNION WAGES AND HOURS'— PRINTING TRADES

The international officers of the various printing-trades unions
perform important parts in attempting to settle disputes without
resorting to a strike. The constitutions of all the unions state that
the international president shall be informed of all situations which
may result in a strike. According to the various constitutions,
excepting that of the pressmen, the president, either in person or by
proxy, immediately attempts to arrange a settlement of the dispute.
Failing in this, he must present the case to the executive council for
a vote. If the council by majority vote gives the local union per­
mission to strike, the local involved submits the question to a referen­
dum of its membership, three-fourths of which must vote favorably
in order for the strike to be official. The procedure for the pressmen
is identical except that, according to the constitution, the president
does not attempt to settle the dispute before the executive council
makes its recommendation.
Members engaged in unofficial strikes are generally suspended
or expelled. In addition, the constitution of the pressmen provides
that the national officers are authorized to call upon members from
other local unions to fulfill the contractual obligations of the striking
local.




PART

I I I .— U N I O N

SCALES OF

W AGES

BY TRADES AND

AND

HOURS

C IT IE S

Table 13 lists the union rates of wages per hour and hours per week
in effect on June 1, 1941, and June 1, 1940, by trade, in each of the
75 cities included in the survey. Since there are no union rates in
effect for some trades in a few cities, some of the trade classifications
lack a full listing of cities.
Sometimes there are two or more union rates for the same occupation
in one city. This may be due to two or more unions having different
scales, to one union having different agreements with different
employers because of various qualifications or conditions, or to both
these situations. Where more than one union rate is in effect all are
listed in the following table, the letters A, B, C, etc., being used to
designate the different agreements or quotations. The sequence of
the letters is in no way intended to indicate the relative importance
of the quotations or agreements so designated.
The wage scales provided in the agreements are frequently specified
on a daily or weekly basis. For comparability these rates have been
converted to an hourly basis, as shown in table 13.
T able 13.— Union Scales o f W ages and Hours in the Printing Trades in Selected Cities,
June I , 1941, and June i , 1940
B O O K A N D JOB

BINDERY WOMEN

Atlanta, Ga....................Baltimore, Md.i
Bindery operators,
hand or machine___
Banders and exam­
iners
Wrappers, packers,
strippers of all cut
work, sealers, outsp.t-t-p.rs, hovers
Birmingham, Ala............
Boston, Mass.:
Machine operators----Folders and book inspeetors
Hand folding and gen­
eral work- .................

$0,450 40.0 $0,450 40.0
.425 40.0
.350 40.0
.300
.450
.610
.570
.550

40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0

.450
.610
.570
.550

40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0

Buffalo, N. Y.:
Agreement A ________ $0,500
Agreement B ............... .450
Agreement C________ .425
Agreement D _______ .420
Agreement E __ _____ .400
Agreement F................ .375
Butte, Mont.1................. .603
Charleston, W. Va_____ .450
Charlotte, N. C............... .450
Chicago, 111.:
Gathering, collating,
flat wire stitching,
covering, thread
sewing........................ .638
Paging and number­
ing............................... .625

40,0
40.0 $0,425
40.0 .400
40.0
40.0 .375
40.0 .350
40.0 .603
40.0 .450
40.0 .450

40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0

40.0 .638 40.0
40.0 .625 40.0

See footnotes at end of table.




Hours per week

Rates of wages
per hour

City

Hours per week

Hours per week

Rates of wages
per hour

Hours per week

Rates of wages
per hour

City

Rates of wages
per hour

June 1,1941 June 1,1940

June 1,1941 June 1,1940

47

48

UNION WAGES AND HOURS'— PRINTING TRADES

T able 13.— Union Scales o f Wages and Hours in the Printing Trades in Selected Cities,
June I , 1941, and June 1, 1940— Continued
B O O K A N D JOB— Continued

BINDERY WOMEN—Continued

Chicago,111—Continued.
Rotary perforating
machine operators,
feeding automatic
stitchers, push feed
folding or ruling machines, operators
blank book sewing
machines, operators
Singer sewing machines, table workers_______ ________ $0,600
Loose leaf and blank
book workers2 __ .500
Cincinnati, Ohio............. .538
Cleveland, Ohio:
Machine work______ .576
Hand work.................. .513
Columbus, Ohio............. .575
Dayton, Ohio:
Agreement A:
Commercial work... .550
Magazine work:
Group leaders____ .625
M achine operat o r s; s i n g le
stitchers_______ .575
G athering m a­
chines; hopper
feeders................ .550
Kast automatic
machines, book
stackers, collat­
ing, refolding,
pattern depart­
m ent helpers,
miscellaneous... .525
Agreement B:
Hand collators:
Rate A._................. .520
Rate B.................... .450
All-set machines,
all-set hand oper­
ators, pli-fold oper­
ators.................... . .520
Denver, Colo_................ .544
Foreladies...................... .669
Des Moines, Iowa2........ .513
Detroit, Mich.:
Rate A....... ................... .550
Rate B ______ _______ .500
Houston, Tex.2....... ......... .500
Indianapolis, Ind............ .565
Jacksonville, F la............ .450
Kansas City, Mo............ .530
Foreladies_____ _____ .605
Little Rock, Ark 2........... .450
Los Angeles, Calif........... .500
Louisville, K y................. .450

40.0 $0,600
40.0 .500
40.0 .525
37.5 .576
37.5 .513
40.0 .550

40.0 .575 40.0
40.0 .550 40.0

40.0 .525 40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0

.511
.568
.500
.550
.450
.500
.565
.450
.528
.603
.450
.500
.450

44.0
44.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40. C
39.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0

Memphis, Tenn.............. $0,410
Milwaukee, Wis.:
Agreement A._............. .465
Agreement B:
Rate A....................... .450
Rate B....................... .425
Rate C ....................... .400
Minneapolis, Minn.:
Machine work.............. .510
Table work.................. .470
Nashville, Tenn_______ .450
Newark, N. J.................. .550
Auxiliary women......... .375
New Orleans, La _____ .500
New York, N. Y.:
Agreement A:
Edition binding___ .620
Pamphlet and mag­
azine binding........ .550
Agreement B:
Any one branch of
work........................ .550
Table work............... .613
Machine work
.663
Law office binding... .738
Oklahoma City, Okla... .500
Philadelphia, Pa.:
Smythe sewing ma­
c h i n e operators,
board binders, lay­
ers, blank book girls,
paging, numbering,
hand sewing, gather­
ing machine helpers,
table workers............ .530
Sample book________ .325
Pittsburgh, Pa................. .525
Foreladies..................... .625
Portland, Oreg................. .625
Richmond, Va............. .450
H e lp e r s ; a f t e r 6
months’ service____ .400
Helpers; first 6 months’
service........................ .300
Rochester, N. Y.:2
Agreement A _____ .513
Agreement B
.500
W orking floorlady... .650
St. Louis, M o.......... ....... .558
St. Paul, Minn
.490
San Antonio, Tex
.400
San Francisco, Calif
.650
Scranton, Pa.2 ......... .510
Seattle, Wash ........... .688
Spokane, Wash ____ .550
T oledo......
......... .550
Washington, D. C
.550
Wichita, Kans.2............... .475
York, Pa........................... .500

40.0 $0.410
40.0 .453
40.0 .450
40.0 .425
40.0 .400
40.0 .510
40.0 .470
40.0 .450
40.0 .550
40.0 .375
40.0 .400

Hours per week

Rates of wages
per hour

City

Hours per week

June 1,1941 June 1,1940
Rates of wages
per hour

| Hours per week
40.0
40.0
40.0
37.5
37.5
40.0

40.0 .525 40.0
40.0 .625 40.0

Sep footnotes at end of table.




Rates of wages
per hour

Hours per week

City

Rates of wages
per hour

June 1,1941 June 1,1940

40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0

40.0 .620 40.0
40.0 .550 40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0

.550
.613
663
! 738
.500

40.0
40.0
40 0
40.0
40.0

40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0

.510
.300
.500
.600
.580

40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0

.500
. 500
.650
.508
. 470
*400
.625
!500
.688
. 550
.550
.513
.470

40.0
40.0
4o! o
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
4o! o
4o! o
40.0
40/0
40.0
40.0

49

UNION SCALES BY TRADES AND CITIES

T able 13.— Union Scales o f Wages and Hours in the Printing Trades in Selected Cities,
June 1, 1941, and June 1, 1940— Continued
B O O K A N D JOB— Continued

BOOKBI3NDERS

40.0
40.0

40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0

.965

1.010
1.075
1.010

1.090
1.190
1.125
1.000
.900

40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0

40.0 1.145 40.0
40.0 1.143 40.0
40.0 1.100 40.0
40.0 1.092 40.0

40.0 1.075 40.0
40.0 1.072 40.0
40.0 1.069 40.0
40.0 1.064 40.0

Chicago, 111.—Con.
Agreement A—Con.
Edition binding—Con.
Operators on auto­
matic (2) folding
machines—. ........
Operators on auto­ $1,176
matic (3) folding
machines.—........
Tip printers; oper­ 1.251
ators on binding
machines— .......
Casing-men (set- 1.102
ing squares); op­
erators on cas­
ing-in, indexing,
glueing, pasting
or covering ma­
chines; stock
cutters (binder
stock)..................
Caser helpers and 1.091
pasters, smash­
ers and sawyers,
general work,
tipping for gild­
ers, book re­
p a ir e r s............
Automatic glueing 1.080
machine opera­
tors: book pres­
sing; g lu ein g
for machines;
tip p in g for
gilders................ 1.000
Pamphlet work:
Combination cut­
ter and 1 folding
machine_______ 1.258
Men-in-charge of
stock and cut­
ting machines;
combination gath­
ering, s titc h ­
ing, and cover­
ing machine___ 1.195
Forwarders, fin­
ishers, p a p e r
cutter operators,
a u to m a tic
stitching ma­
chine operators,
c o m b in a tio n
gathering and
stitching ma­
chine operators,
gathering ma­
chine operators,
automatic bind­
ing machine op­
erators, Kast in
se r t.in g m a­
chine opera­
tors, R o w e
trimmers............. 1.150

Hours per week

Rates of wages
per hour

City

Hours per week

June 1,1941 June 1,1940
Rates of wages
per hour

Hours per week
40.0

40.0 1.208 40.0

See footnotes at end of table.




Rates of wages
per hour

Hours per week

40.0 $0,900 40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
$£$ !
boo <

Atlanta, Ga...................... $0,900
Baltimore, Md.:
Journeymen_________ .900
Folding machine op­
erators __________ .850
Cutting machine op­
erators____________ .800
Folding machine as­
sistants. _ _ ______ .700
B ookback gluers,
press builders-in,
smashing machine
operators__________ .550
Birmingham, Ala______ .900
Boston,"Mass.:
Commercial shops----- 1.010
City library bindery.. 1.075
Rulers______________ 1.010
Buffalo, N. Y.:
Rulers, cutters, fold­
ing machine oper­
ators, bindery ma­
chine o p era to rs,
combination opera­
tors, embossers ___ 1.000
Butte, Mont.................... 1.090
Foremen____________ 1.190
Charleston, W. Va.:
Machine operators___ 1.125
Forwarders. .............. 1.000
Charlotte, N. C_______ .900
Chicago, 111.:
Agreement A:2
Edition binding:
Combination cut­
ter and 1 folding
machine.--......... 1,258
Men-in-charge of
stock and cut­
ting machines. .. 1.195
Stampers in charge
of 1 or more ma­
chines____ ____ 1.193
Paper cutter oper­
ators__________ 1.150
Operators on auto
stitching ma­
chines.............. 1.142
Forwarders, cloth,
leather, and job;
finishers; case
makers; edge
gilders, marbelers; stampers;
steam rounders
and backers;
stock cutters;
binder stock,
head men_____ 1.125
G athering m a­
chine operator s - 1.121
Book trimmers__ 1.119
Operators on auto­
matic (1) folding
machines............ 1.114

© bb

City

Rates of wages
per hour

June 1,1941 June 1,1940

40.0 $1,120 40.0
40.0 1.189 40.0
40.0 1.052 40.0

40.0 1.041 40.0

40.0 1.030 40.0
40.0 .950 40.0
40.0 1.208 40.0

40.0 1.145 40.0

*

40.0 1.100 40.0

50

UNION WAGES AND HOURS1— PRINTING TRADES

T able 13.— Union Scales o f Wages and Hours in the Printing Trades in Selected Cities,
June 1, 1941, and June 1, 1940— Continued
B O O K A N D JOB— Continued
BOOKBINDERS— Continued

Chicago, 111—Con.
Agreement A—Con.
Pamphlet work—
Continued.
Operators on au­
tomaticfolding
machines:
1machine.......... $1.114 40.0 $1,064
2 machines.......... 1.176 40.0 1.120
3 machines.......... 1.251 40.0 1.189
Agreement B:
Paper rulers_______ 1.250 40.0 1.250
Agreement C: *
Loose leaf and blank
book workers:
Bookbinders_____ .900 40.0 .900
Paper rulers:
Quad L_______ 1.250 40.0 1.250
“L” machines:
Rate A............. 1.200 40.0 1.200
Rate B............. 1.060 40.0 1.060
Rate C__......... .900 40.0 .900
Single machine. 1.060 40.0 1.600
Disc machine ... .700 40.0 .700
Cincinnati, Ohio........... . .988 40.0 .963
Cleveland, Ohio.............. 1.145 37.5 1.145
Columbus, Ohio_______ 1.230 40.0 1.180
Davenport, Iowa. (See
Rock Island (111.) dis­
trict.)
Dayton, Ohio:
Commercial:
Agreement A______ 1.050 40.0 1.025
Foremen________ 1.175 40.0 1.150
Agreement B............ 1.000 40.0 1.000
Job and miscellaneous
bindery work:
Men - in - charge of
folding and stitch­
ing machines____ 1.100 40.0 1.000
Knife grinders_____ .775 40.0 .725
Truckers, g a th er­ .675 40.0 .675
ing..........................
Book repairmen....... .625 40.0 .625
Magazine work:
Cutters:
Master operators.. 1.100 40.0 1.050
Operators............... 1.050 40.0 1.000
Folding machines:
Operators............... 1.050 40.0 .950
. Gathering machines:
Operators. __ 1.050 40.0 1.000
Hopper feeders___ .800 40.0 .750
Book sta ck ers,
cover loaders___ .675 40.0 .675
Book stackers........ .625 40.0 .625
Kast automatic ma­
chine operators___ 1.050 40.0 1.000
Trimmers:
Operators............... 1.050 40.0 .950
Conveyor tenders. .800 40.0
Helpers................... .625 40.0 .625
Patternmaking (dress):
Die cutters and pat­
tern cutters......... 1.025> 40.0 .975
See footnotes at end of table.




40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
37.5
40.0

40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0

Dayton, Ohio—Con.
Pattemmaking (dress)—
Continued.
Envelope machine
operators................ $0,825
Pattern examiners... .775
Cleveland folding
machine operators. .750
Special forms:
Automatic folders:
Rate A..... .............. .620
Rate B_____ ____ .570
All-set machines:
Job foremen:
Rate A................ .820
Rate B._............. .670
Operators_______ .695
Helpers................... .470
Pli-fold:
Job foremen_____ .770
Rossbach perfo­
rators................... .670
Operators........... .470
Floorboys:
Rate A.................... .470
Rate B.................... .400
Cutter operators___ .745
Carbon press oper­
ators:
Rate A.................... .720
Rate B _________ .570
Slitters, job setters,
roll senders............. .470
Stock, carbon, and
Cameron slitter
operators___ ____ .570
Denver, Colo_________ 1.075
Des Moines, Iowa *........ 1.025
Detroit, M ich................. 1.100
Flat cutters............. . 1.000
Embossers................... .970
Varnishers..................... 900
Die cutters.................... .750
Houston, Tex.*................ 1.000
Foremen and head
rulers*........................ 1.148
Indianapolis, Ind............. 1.130
Jacksonville, Fla............. .900
Kansas City, Mo............. 1.060
Foremen........................ 1.185
Little Rock, Ark.*........... .900
Los Angeles, Calif........... 1.050
Louisville, Ky.................. .850
Memphis, Tenn.............. .840
Milwaukee, Wis.:
Agreement A................ 1.050
Agreement B:
Paper cutters............ .975
Slitters........................ .750
Minneapolis, Minn.:
Foremen and com­
bination men............ 1.070
Bookbinders, paper
cutters paper rulers,
folding machine
operators.................... 990

Hours per week

Rates of wages
per hour

City

Hours per week

June 1,1941 June 1,1940
Rates of wages
per hour

Hours per week

Rates of wages
per hour

Hours per week

City

Rates of wages
per hour

June 1,1941 June 1, 1940

40.0 $0,825 40.0
40.0
40.0 .750 40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0

1.011
1.000
1.100
.900
.900
.830
.660
1.000
1.148
1.130
.900
1,055
1.180
.900
1.050
.850
.840
1.013
.930
.750

44.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
39.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0

40.0 1.070

40.0

40.0 .990

40.0

51

UNION SCALES BT TRADES AND CITIES

T able 13.— Union Scales o f Wages and Hours in the Printing Trades in Selected Cities,
June 19 1941, and June 2, 2940— Continued
B O O K A N D JOB— Continued
BOOKBINDERS— Continued

City

June 1,1941
toa>
©
g
► g %
u a
sOOQ. 1
w

Moline, HI. (See Rock
Island (111.) district.)
Nashville, Tenn— ........ $0,900
Newark, N. J.:
Bookbinders and cut­
ters.............................. 1.100
Stampers....................... 1.225
1.200
Finishers, 3-knife trim­
mers, special fold­
ing macnine opera­
tors (parallel)--------- 1.150
Operators on folding
machines with 2
automatic; finishers’
assistants; operators
of 65-inch cutters___ 1.125
Sheet straighteners— .975
Miscellaneous helpers
and packers............... .550
New Orleans, La............. 1.000
New York, N. Y.:
Agreement A :2
Head stampers......... 1.425
Finishers (e x tr a ),
general reference
work....................... 1.350
Gilders-------- --------- 1.325
Stampers, machine.. 1.275
Stock cutters, ma­
chine circuit work;
g a th e r in g ma­
chine operators:
s titc h e r and
coverer operators;
p o w e r rounders
and backers; head­
banding and lin­
ing machine opera to rs; head
sheetmen; folding
machine o p e r a ­
to r s; book trim­
mers; casing-in
machine opera­
tors; extra fin­
ishers’ assistants;
case-making ma­
chine operators;
marbelers; extra
forwarders.............. 1.225
Hand rounders and
backers; h ead backers and liners;
hand casers and
stretcher makers;
h a n d casers-in;
b o o k repairers;
sheet and plate
cutters; gathering
machine o p e r a ­
t o r s ; colorers;
book trimmers;
fiat or turntable
assistants................ 1.175

40.0 $0,900 40.0
40.0 1.100 40.0
40.0 1.225 40.0
40.0 1.200 40.0
40.0 1.150 40.0
40.0 1.125 40.0
40.0 .975 40.0
40.0
40.0 .938 40.0
40.0 1.425 40.0
40.0 1.350 40.0
40.0 1.325 40.0
40.0 1.275 40.0

40.0 1.225 40.0

40.0 1.175 40.0

go® footnotes at end of table.




June 1,1940
CO
0>
M
s
%
*
a
ja
s2
ft

June 1,1941 June 1,1940
to

City

5s 1i ..Io *
lo Is
io
cS
03
ft
ft ft w

N ew York, N. Y.—
Continued.
Agreement A—Con.
Assistant sheetmen
or heads of stock,
assistant folding
machine o p e r ar
t o r s , smashing
machine o p e r a ­
tors, builders-in... $1.113
Nipping machine
operators............... 1.083
Sheet straighteners. _ 1.063
H a n d gluers-up,
b o a r d cutters,
pasters-off____— 1.000
Loaders-up for fold­
ing machines......... .825
Head gold layers— .800
Gold layers (female). .750
Hand workers, semi­
skilled. _................. .500
Hand workers, un­
skilled................... .400
Paper rulers:
First class............. 1.250
Second class........... 1.125
Agreement B:
Continuous trimmer
operators................ 1.191
Operators of combin­
ation Kast insert­
ing and stitching
machines; opera­
tors of bracket
trimmers or simi­
lar machines; opertors of Dayton 3knife machines;
gathering, stitch­
ing, covering, and
folding machine
operators................ 1.168
Operators of Duplex
trimmers or com­
bination gathering
and stitching ma­
chines...................... 1.146
Blank book for­
warders and fin­
ishers; operators of
flat machines, die
machines, band
cutting machines,
g a th erin g m a­
chines, stitching or
Covering machines
(operated as sep­
arate units)........... 1.123
Manifold table work­
ers........................... 1.100
Assistant operators
of com bination
and folding ma­
chines..................... .941

40.0 $1,113 40.0
40.0 1.083 40.0
40.0 1.063 40.0
40.0 1.000
40.0 .825
40.0 .800
40.0 .750
40.0 .500
40.0 . .400
40.0 1.250
40.0 1.125

40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0

40.0 1.191 40.0

40.0 1.168 40.0
40.0 1.146 40.0

40.0 1.123 40.0
10.0 1.100 40.0
40.0 .941 40.0

52

UNION WAGES AND HOURS'— PRINTING TRADES

T able 13.— Union Scales o f Wages and Hours in the Printing Trades in Selected Cities,
June 19 1941, and June 1, 1940— Continued
B O O K A N D JOB— Continued
BOOKBIN DERS— Continued

New York, N.Y —Con.
Agreement B—Con.
Helpers and semi­
skilled workers— $0,550
Oklahoma City, Okla... 1.000
Foremen........................ 1.125
Philadelphia, Pa.:
Agreement A:
Head stampers------- 1.120
Operators of case­
making machines,
folding machines,
sta m p in g m a­
chines, casing-in
machines, round­
ing and backing
machines________ 1.030
Cutters, table work­
ers, sheet men, case
makers (hand), job
forwarders_______ .990
Agreement B: *
Bookbinders, finish­
ers, machine cut­
ters, gatherers,
Dexter and Cleve­
land folders........... 1.045
Agreement C (paper
ruling): 2
“L” machine--........ 1.225
Faint lining............... 1.045
Agreement D:
Sample book work... .650
Pittsburgh, Pa...............- 1.050
Foremen....................... 1.175
Portland, Oreg................. 1.170
Stock cutters................ 1.170
Richmond, Va________ .900
Feeders on automatic
machines................... .500
Rochester, N. Y .:2
Agreement A................ 1.075
Agreement B:
Rate A....................... 1.050
Rate B....................... 1.000

Hours per week

Rates of wages
per hour

Hours per week

City

Rates of wages
per hour

June 1,1941 June 1,1940

40.0 $0.550 40.0
40.0 1.000 40.0
40.0 1.125 40.0
40.0 1.100 40.0

40.0 1.010 40.0
40.0 .970 40.0
40.0 1.020 40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0

1.200
1.020
.625
1.000
1.125
1.090
1.010

40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0

1.050 40.0
1.050 40.0
1.000 40.0

June 1,1941 June 1,1940
m
&

City

M

*

_

$
*

o

u

g O,
(S
Rochester, N. Y.—Con.
Agreement B—Con.
Foremen.............. . $1,200
Rock Island (111,) dis­
trict................................ 1.000
St. Louis, M o ................ 1.120
Rulers and finishers ... 1.140
St. Paul, Minn.:
Foremen and combin­
ation men.................. 1.070
Bookbinders, paper
cutters, folding ma­
chine operators, pa­
per rulers.-.............. .990
San Antonio, Tex........... .900
Foremen______ _____ 1.125
San Francisco, Calif___ 1.300
Scranton, Pa.:2
Machine operators___ 1.045
Bench workers. ......... . .995
Seattle, Wash.................. 1.250
Spokane, Wash............... 1.000
Foremen........................ 1.100
Springfield, Mass.:
Operators of large
gathering or folding
machines, cutters
(str a ig h t), gang
stitc h e r s , book
trimmers.................... .775
Assistants on large
folding machines___ .600
Tying machine and
small folding ma­
chine operators,
gathering machine
helpers....................... .500
Helpers.......................... .450
Toledo, Ohio....... ........... 1.100
Washington, D. C.......... 1.063
Wichita, Kans.2............... .900
York, Pa........................... .950
Foremen....................... 1.150
Assistant foremen........ 1.090

Q.

1

H

o>
be
00
_O
O'*3h
®tw2a
09

M

2
£

a
i

w

40.0 $1,200 40.0
40.0
40.0 1.070 40.0
40.0 1.090 40.0
40.0 1.050 40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0

.970
.900
1.125
1.275
1.025
.975
1.250
1.000
1.100

40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0

40.0 .700 40.0
40.0 .500 40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0

.450
.375
1.100
1.000
.900
1.100
1.040

40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0

40.0 $1,080
40.0 .850
40.0 .670
40.0 .970
40.0 .850
40.0 1.225
37.5 1.231
40.0 1.210
40.0 1.000

40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
37.5
40.0
40.0

COMPOSITORS, HAND
Atlanta, Ga...................... $1.075
Baltimore, Md................ 1.050
Binghamton, N. Y ......... 1.125
Birmingham, A la ...___ 1.050
Boston, Mass................... 1.080
Buffalo, N. Y.2.............. . 1.125
Butte, M ont................... 1.200
Charleston, S. C.............. 1.000
Charleston, W. Va.......... 1.230
Charlotte, N. C............... .950
Chicago, 111....................... 1.425
German text................. 1.400
Swedish text................. 1.425
C ze ch o slo v a k ia n
1.425
text

40.0 $1,000
40.0 1.000
40.0 1.125
40.0 1.025
40.0 1.060
40.0 1.110
40.0 1.200
40.0 .950
40.0 1.188
40.0 .900
40.0 1.400
40.0 1.400
40.0 1.400
40.0 1.400

See footnotes at end of table.




40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0

Chicago, 111.—Con.
Loose leaf and blank
book work:2
Rate A...................... $1,080
Rate B....................... .850
Rate C....................... .670
Cylinder lock-up___ .970
Gordon lock-up........ .850
Cincinnati, Ohio............. 1.250
Cleveland, Ohio.............. 1.231
Columbus, Ohio.............. 1.230
Dallas, Tex....................... 1.000
Davenport, Iowa. (See
Rock Island (111.) dis­
trict.)

53

UNION SCALES BY TRADES AND CITIES

T able 13.— Union Scales o f Wages and H ours in the Printing Trades in Selected Cities,
June I , 1941, and June 1, 1940— Continued
B O O K A N D JOB— Continued
COMPOSITORS, HAND— Continued

Dayton, Ohio:
Rate A........................... $1,275
Rate B........................... 1.225
Rate C........................... 1.200
Denver, Colo.................... 1.138
Des Moines, Iowa........... 1.115
Detroit, M ich................. 1.350
Duluth, Minn.................. 1.000
El Paso, Tex.................... 1.150
Erie, Pa............................. 1.100
Grand Rapids, Mich___ 1.000
Houston, Tex.__............. 1.100
Indianapolis, Ind.2.......... 1.175
Jackson, Miss.................. .900
Jacksonville, Fla............. 1.125
Kansas City, Mo............ 1.120
Little Rock, Ark............. .975
Los Angeles, Calif........... 1.195
Louisville, K y ................ 1.150
Madison, Wis.................. 1.075
Manchester, N. H .......... .875
Memphis, Tenn—........... .860
Milwaukee, Wis.:
Agreement A................ 1.125
Agreement B__............. 1.125
Minneapolis, Minn........ 1.075
Mobile, Ala..................... 1.000
Moline, 111. (See Rock
Island (111.) district.)
Nashville, Tenn.............. .963
Newark, N. J................... 1.313
New Haven, Conn.:
Agreement A „............. 1.050
Agreement B ................ 1.000
New Orleans, La______ 1.025
New York, N. Y............. 1.363
German text................. 1.363
Hebrew text:
Magazine and’bookwork.__........... ....... 2.182
Commercial............... 1.573

40.0 $1,250
40.0 1.200
40.0 1.200
40.0 1.088
40.0 1.090
40.0 1.325
40.0 1.000
37.5 1.150
40.0 1.100
40.0 .900
40.0 1.040
40.0 1.175
40.0 .900
40.0 1.000
40.0 1.120
40.0 .944
40.0 1.145
40.0 1.100
40.0 1.075
40.0 .820
40.0 .860
40.0 1.100
40.0 .900
40.0 1.075
40.0 .975

40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
37.5
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0

40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0

40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0

.963 40.0
1.313 40.0
1.000
1.000
1.363
1.363

27.5 2.182 27.5
37.5 1.573 37.5

New York, N. Y.—Con.
Hungarian text............. $1.125
Italian text................... 1.200
Norfolk, Va..................... 1.050
Oklahoma City, Okla___ 1.063
Omaha, Nebr................... 1.060
Peoria, 111.......................... 1.100
Philadelphia, Pa............. 1.200
Phoenix, A riz................ 1.120
Pittsburgh, P a............... 1.275
Portland, Maine............. .875
Portland, Oreg.3.............. 1.120
Providence, R. I.............. 1.000
Reading, P a .................... 1.000
Richmond, Va................. 1.000
Rochester, N. Y .:3
Agreement A................ 1.125
Agreement B:
Rate A ....................... 1.100
Rate B....................... 1.000
Rock Island (HI.) dis­
trict-............................. 1.150
St. Louis, Mo—............... 1.152
St. Paul, Minn................ 1.075
Salt Lake City, Utah__ 1.000
San Antonio, Tex........... 1.000
San Francisco, Calif___ 1.300
Scranton, Pa.................... 1.200
Seattle, Wash................... 1.250
South Bend, Ind............. 1.050
Spokane, Wash................ 1.000
Springfield, Mass______ 1.000
Tampa, Fla___________ 1.000
Toledo, Ohio................... 1.200
Washington, D. C.......... 1.267
Wichita, Kans............. 1.013
Worcester, Mass.............. .900
York, Pa.......................... .900
Youngstown, Ohio.......... 1.125

40.0 $1.125
40.0 1.200
40.0 1.000
40.0 1.063
40.0 1.060
40.0 1.100
40.0 1.200
40.0 1.080
40.0 1.225
40.0 .875
40.0 1.120
40.0 1.000
40.0 1.000
40.0 .900
40.0 1.100
40.0 1.100
40.0 1.000
40.0 1.150
40.0 1.102
40.0 1.075
40.0 1.000
40.0 1.000
40.0 1.300
40.0 1.155
40.0 1.250
40.0 1.000
40.0 1.000
40.0 1.000
40.0 1.000
40.0 1.200
37.5 1.180
40.0 .975
4 40.0 .900
40.0 .900
40.0 1.125

Hours per week

Rates of wages
per hour

Hours per week

City

Rates of wages
per hour

June 1,1941 June 1,1940

Hours per week

Rates of wages
per hour

Hours per week

City

Rates of wages
per hour

June 1,1941 June 1,1940

40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
37.5
40.0
440.0
40.0
40.0

ELECTROTYPERS

Atlanta, G a„.................. $1.125
Baltimore, M d „ „ .......... 1.050
B ranchmen................... .950
Birmingham, Ala............ 1.219
Boston, Mass.:
Finishers and molders. 1.120
Branchmen and cast.986
Buffafo, N." Y~f..............
Finishers and molders. 1.170
Branchmen___-.......... 1.170
Chicago, 111--.................. 1.675
Cincinnati, Ohio:
Finishers and molders. 1.275
B ranchmen. ................. 1.175
Cleveland, Ohio:
Finishers and molders. 1.325
Batterymen, builders,
casters, and branchmen 3.......................... 1.275

40.0 $1,030
40.0
40.0
40.0 1.219
40.0 1.120
40.0 .986
40.0 1.170
40.0 1.150
®32.0 1.600
40.0 1.275
40.0 1.175
40.0 1.325

40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
6 32.0
40.0
40.0
40.0

40.0 1.225 40.0

See footnotes at end of table.




40.0

Columbus, Ohio:
Finishers and molders. $1,230
B a tte r y m e n and
builders..................... 1.155
Dallas, Tex___________ 1.100
Davenport, Iowa. (See
Rock Island (111.)
district.)
Dayton, Ohio................... 1.300
Denver, Colo................... 1.100
Des Moines, Iowa........... 1.200
Detroit, M ich.................. 1.500
Erie, Pa............... ........... 1.000
Grand Rapids, Mich.:
Finishers and m o 1 d ers_.............................. 1.070
Branchmen.,............... .970
Houston, Tex................... 1.125
Indianapolis, In d .* ....- 1.250
Kansas City, Mo______ 1.200

40.0 $1.188 40.0
40.0 1.113 40.0
40.0 1.100 40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0

1.300
1.100
1.200
1.400
.944

40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0

40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0

1.070
.970
1.125
1.200
1.200

40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0

54

UNION WAGES AND HOURS'— PRINTING TRADES

T able 13.— Union Scales o f Wages and Hours in the Printing Trades m Selected Cities,
June 1, 1941, and June 1, 1940— Continued
B O O K A N D JOB— Continued
ELECTROTYPERS— Continued

Los Angeles, Calif.:
Finishers and molders. $1.275
B ranchmen................... 1.000
Memphis, Tenn............ 1.180
Milwaukee, Wis.:
Agreement A................ 1.250
Agreement B:
Senior........................ 1.000
Junior.......... .............. .800
Minneapolis, Minn.2___ 1.225
Moline, 111. (See Rock
Island (111.) district.)
Nashville, Tenn.............. 1.060
Newark, N. J........... ....... 1.650
New Haven, Conn......... 1.278
New Orleans, La............. 1.088
New York, N. Y.:
Agreement A ............... 1.650
Agreement B ___ ____ 1.650
Oklahoma City, O kla... 1.063
Omaha, Nebr........... ....... 1.100

40.0 $1.2.50
40.0 1.000
40.0 1.180
40.0 1.250
40.0 1.000
40.0 .800
40.0 1.200

40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0

1.000
1. 650
1. 278
1.088
1.650
1.650
1.031
1.100

40.0
40.0
<30.0
40.0
*32.0
*36.0
40.0
40.0

40.0
40.0
<30.0
40.0
*32.0
*36.0
40.0
40.0

Philadelphia, Pa............. $1,550
Pittsburgh, Pa................. 1.125
Portland, Oreg................. 1.250
Richmond, Va.:
Molders..... ................... 1.150
Finishers___________ 1.100
Rock Island (111.) dis­
trict ................ .............. 1.250
St. Louis, Mo.................. 1.300
St. Paul, Minn.2. . . ........ 1.225
San Francisco, Calif___ 1.375
Scranton, Pa.................... 1.075
Seattle, Wash.................. 1.250
South Bend, In d ........... 1.200
Springfield, Mass.:
Finishers and molders. 1.230
Branchmen.................. 1.000
Toledo, Ohio................... 1.200
Washington, D. C.......... 1.375
York, Pa.2____________ 1.120
Youngstown, Ohio_____ 1.250

Hours per week

Rates of wages
per hour

City

Hours per week

June 1,1941 June 1,1940
Rates of wages
per hour

Hours per week

Rates of wages
per hour

Hours per week

City

Rates of wages
per hour

June 1,1941 June 1,1940

32.0 $1,500
40.0 1.125
40.0 1.250
40.0 1.150
40.0 1.100
40.0 1.250
40.0 1.250
40.0 1.200
40.0 1.375
40.0 1.075
35.0 1.250
40.0 1.200
40.0 1.230
40.0 1.000
40.0 1.200
38.0 1.375
40.0 1.120
40.0 1.250

32.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
35.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
38.0
40.0
40.0

40.0 $1.175
40.0 .900
40.0 1.000
40.0 1.160
40.0 .944
40.0 1.019
40.0 1.230
40.0 1.100
40.0 1.100
40.0 .820
40.0 .860
40.0 1.100
40.0 .900
40.0 1.075
40.0 1.150
40.0 .975

40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0

1.050
1.313
1.000
1.031
1.000
1.050
1.363
1.363
2.182
1.125
1.200
1.000
1.063
1.060

40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
27.5
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0

M ACHIN E OPERATORS

Atlanta, Qa..................... $1,075
Baltimore, M d________ 1.050
Binghamton, N. Y ......... 1 125
Birmingham, Ala............ 1.050
Boston, Mass.:
Linotype..................... 1.120
Monotype-................... 1.080
Buffalo, N. Y _________ 1.280
M achinist-operators.. _ 1.330
Butte, Mont__________ 1.263
Charleston, S. C______ 1.000
Charleston, W. Va.......... 1.230
Charlotte, N. C.............. .950
Chicago, HI..................... 1.460
Swedish text.............. . 1.460
German text................ 1.433
Czechoslovakian text.. 1.719
Cincinnati, Ohio______ 1.250
Cleveland, O h io ........... 1.281
Columbus, Ohio______ 1.230
Dallas, Tex...... ........ ....... 1.200
Davenport, Iowa. (See
Rock Island (111.) dis­
trict.)
Dayton, Ohio:
Rate A........................... 1.275
Rate B._........... ............ 1.225
Rate C........................... 1.200
Denver, Colo................... 1.138
Machinist-operators... 1.213
Des Moines, Iowa.......... 1.115
Detroit, M ich.............. . 1.380
Caster operators......... 1.150
Duluth, Minn................. 1.000
El Paso, Tex.................... 1.150
Erie, P a._..................... 1.100
Grand Rapids, Mich___ 1.000
Houston, Tex................... 1.150
Machinist-operators... 1.213i

40.0 $1,000
40.0 1.000
40.0 1.125
40.0 1.025
40.0 1.100
40.0 1.060
40.0 1.280 '
40.0 1.325
40.0 1.263
40.0 .950
40.0 1.188
40.0 .900
40.0 1.435
40.0 1.435
40.0 1.433
32.0 1.688
40.0 1. 225
37.5 1.281
40.0 1.210
40.0 1.200

40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
32.0
40.0
37.5
40.0
40.0

40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
37.5
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0

40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
37.5
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0

See footnotes at end of table.




1.250
1.200
1.200
1.088
1.163
1.090
1.380
1.150
1.000
1.150
1.100
.900
1.150
1.213

Indianapolis, Ind.2_____ $1.175
Jackson, Miss_________ .900
Jacksonville, Fla............. 1.125
Kansas City, M o ........... 1.160
Little Rock, Ark______ .975
M achinist-operators. _. 1.050
Los Angoles. Calif.......... 1.255
Louisville, K y________ 1.150
Madison, Wis.:
M achinist-operators. _. 1.125
Manchester, N. H _____ .875
Memphis, Tenn.:
Machinist-operators... .860
Milwaukee, Wis.:
, Agreement A ________ 1.125
Agreement B:
Machinist-operators. ’950
Minneapolis, Minn____ 1.075
Machinist-operators... 1.150
Mobile, Ala___________ 1.000
Moline, 111. (See Rock
Island (111.) district.)
Nashville, Tenn.:
M achinist-operators... 1.050
Newark, N. J.................. 1.313
New Haven, Conn.:
Agreement A________ 1.000
M achinist-operators _ 1.031
Agreement B ________ 1.050
New Orleans, La______ 1.025
Machinist-operators... 1.075
New York, N. Y______ 1.363
German text............... . 1.363
Hebrew te x t............ 2.182
Hungarian text............ 1.125
Italian text.................. 1.200
Norfolk, Va___________ 1.050
Oklahoma City, Okla... 1.063
Omaha, Nebr................... 1.060

40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
27.5
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0

55

UNION SCALES BY TRADES AND CITIES

T able 13.— Union Scales o f Wages and Hours in the Printing Trades in Selected Cities,
June 1, 1941, and June I , 1949— Continued
B O O K A N D JOB— Continued
MACHINE OPERATORS— Continued

Peoria, 111
.......... $1,100
Philadelphia, P a______ 1.200
Phoenix, Ariz ............. 1.120
Pittsburgh, Pa
1.275
Portland, Maine............. .875
Portland, Oreg.2 ............ 1.210
Providence, R. I ........... - 1.075
Reading, Pa__________ 1.080
Machinist-operators.. . 1.130
Richmond, Va________ 1.000
Rochester, N. Y .:2
Agrpipmpnt A
1.125
Agreement. B
1.100
Rock Island (111.) dis­
trict:
M achinist-operators. _. 1.200
1.238
St Louis M n
St Paul Minn
1.075
Machinist-operators... 1.150
Salt Lake City, Utah:
M achinist-operators-.. 1.000

40.0 $1,100
40.0 1.200
40.0 1.080
40.0 1.225
40.0 .875
40.0 1.210
40.0 1.075
40.0 1.080
40.0 1.130
40.0 1.025
40.0 1.100
40.0 1.100
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0

1.200
1.188
1.075
1.150
1.000

San Antonio, Tex............ $1,000
San Francisco, Calif___ 1.300
Machinist-operators... 1.363
Scranton, Pa__________ 1.200
Machinist-operators... 1.225
Seattle, Wash.:
Machinist-operators... 1.286
South Bend, Ind............. 1.050
Spokane, Wash_______ 1.000
M achinist-operat ors -. _ 1.063
Springfield, Mass ......... 1.000
Tampa, Fla___________ 1.000
Toledo, Ohio....... ............ 1.200
Washington, D. C........ . 1.267
Wichita, K an s.............. 1.013
40.0 Worcester, Mass............. .900
40.0 York, Pa_____________ .900
40.0 Youngstown, Ohio____ 1.150
Machinist-o perators—. 1.225
40.0
40.0

40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0

Hours per week

Rates of wages
per hour

City

Hours per week

j Hours per week

Rates of wages
per hour

Hours per week

Rates of wages
per hour

City

Rates of wages
per hour

June 1,1941 June 1,1940

June 1,1941 June 1, 1940

40.0 $1,000
40.0 1.300
40.0 1.363
40.0 1.155
40.0 1.180
35.0 1.286
40.0 1.000
40.0 1.000
40.0 1.063
40.0 1.000
40.0 1.000
40.0 1.200
37.5 1.180
40.0 .975
4 40.0 .900
40.0 .900
40.0 1.150
40.0 1.225

40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
35.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
37.5
40.0
4 40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0

40.0 $1,075
40.0 1.313
40.0
40.0 1.363
40.0 1.403
40.0 1.453
40.0 1.503
40.0 1.063
40.0 1.200
40.0 1.150
40.0 1.225
40.0 .875
40.0 1.210
40.0 1.125
40.0 1.000
40.0 1.100
40.0 1.100
40.0 1.188
37.5 1.180
40.0 .900

40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
37.5
40.0

40.0 $0,850
40.0 .525
40.0 .900
40.0 .725

40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0

M ACHIN E TE N D ER S (M ACHINISTS)

$1,050
Baltimore1, Md
Binghamton, N. Y ......... 1.125
Birmingham, Ala............ 1.050
Boston, Mass.:
1.120
Linotype.
1.080
onotype
Charleston, W. Va.......... 1.230
Chicago, 111___________ 1.460
Cincinnati, Ohio---------- 1.250
1.281
Cleveland Ohio
1.230
Columbus Oil in
1.000
Dallas, Tfix
1. 225
Dayton, Ohio
Magazine work--------- 1.275
1.115
Des Mninftf?, Towa
Detroit, Mich— ........... 1.380
1.150
Erie, Pa_____________
Indianapolis, Ind.2.......... 1.175
1.160
Kansas Ojty, Mn
.975
Tittle
Ark
1.255
Los Angeles, Calif
Milwaukee, Wis.............. 1.125

40.0 $1.000
40.0 1.125
40.0 1.025
40.0 1.100
40.0 1.060
40.0 1.188
40.0 1.435
40.0 1.225
37.5 1.281
40.0 1.210
40.0 1.000
40.0 J.. 200
40.0 1.250
40.0 1.090
40.0 1.380
40.0 1.150
40.0 1.175
40.0 1.160
40.0 .944
40.0 1.230
40.0 1.100

40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
37.5
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0

Minneapolis, Minn____ $1.075
Newark, N. J. . _____ 1.313
New Haven, Conn____ 1.050
New York, N. Y.:
1-4 machines................ 1. 363
5-8 machines............... 1.403
9-12 machines..-......... 1.453
13 or more____ ___ 1.503
Oklahoma City, Okla ... 1.063
Philadelphia, Pa______ 1.200
Phoenix, Ariz_________ 1.190
Pittsburgh, Pa................ 1.275
Portland, Maine______ .875
Portland, Ores.2_______ 1.210
Providence, R. I............. 1.125
Richmond, Va________ 1.000
Rochester, N. Y .:2
Agreement A________ 1.125
Agreement B________ 1.100
St. Louis, Mo_________ 1.238
Washington, D. C.......... 1.267
York, Pa_____________ .900

M AILERS

Atlanta, Ga..........
Baltimore,
Birmingham, Ala.
Magazine work.
Buffalo, N. Y — Butte, Mont........
Chicago, 111.2........
Cincinnati, Ohio.
Cleveland, Ohio.Columbus, Ohio..

$1,000
.800
.750
.900
.800
1.067
1.163
1.069
1.267
.825

40.0 $1,000
40.0 .800
40.0
40.0 .900
40.0 .750
37.5 1.067
40.0 1.163
40.0 1.044
36.7 1.226
40.0 .800

See footnotes at end of table.




40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
37.5
40.0
40.0
36.7
40.0

Dayton, Ohio:
Journeymen .........
Joumeywomen____
Mailing machine op*
erators------- -------Assistant addressograph operators........
Addressograph opera*
tors’ helpers, bag­
gers (helpers)------

$0.925
.525
,975
.825

.550 40.0 .550 40,0

56

UNION WAGES AND HOURS'— PRINTING TRADES

T able 13.— Union Scales o f Wages and Hours in the Printing Trades in Selected Cities,
June I , 1941, and June 1, 1940— Continued
B O O K A N D JOB— Continued
M AILERS— Continued

40.0 Peoria, 111_____________ $0,680
40.0 Philadelphia, Pa.:
Agreement A................ 1.000
40.0
Agreement B................ .987
40.0
Agreement C................ .925
40.0
40.0 Portland, Oreg................. 1.103
St. Louis, M o............... . 1.031
40.0 St. Paul, Minn________ 1.000
40.0 San Francisco, Calif....... 1.063
Seattle, Wash— ........... 1.229
Springfield, Mass............ .500
1.057
40.0
40.0 Toledo, O hio.................. 1.067
40.0 1.057 40.0 Washington, D. C........ . 1.000
40.0 .960 40.0

Denver, C o lo ..............- $1.138
Des Moines, Iowa........... .985
Detroit, Mich.2_.............. 1.150
Indianapolis, Ind__........ 1.073
Kansas City, M o .......... .930
Los Angeles, Calif_____ 1.125
New York, N. Y.:
Rate A__........... ........... 1.079
Rate B_____________ .994
Stampers and machine
operators:
Rate A.................... 1.142
Rate B____________ 1.057
Oklahoma City, O kla... .975

40.0 $1 088
40.0 .985
40.0 1.150
40.0 1.073
40.0 .930
40.0 1.125
40.0 .994
40.0 .994

Hours per week

Rates of wages
per hour

City

Hours per week

Hours per week

Rates of wages
per hour

Hours per week

Rates of wages
per hour

City

Rates of wages
per hour

June 1,1941 June 1,1940

June 1,1941 June 1,1940

40.0 $0,680
37.5 1.000
37.5 .987
40.0 .880
40.0 1.089
40.0 1,031
40.0 1.000
40.0 1.063
35.0 1.214
40.0 .500
37.5 1.067
40.0 1.000

40.0
37.5
37.5
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
35.0
40.0
37.5
40.0

35.0 $1.857
40.0 1.375
40.0, 1.250
35.0 1.800
35.0 1.857
40.0 1.300;
40.0 1.325
40.0 1.375
37.5 1.573
40.0 1.300
37.5 1.467
40.0 1.575
39.0 1.438,
40.0 1.375
37.5 1.467

35.0
40.0
40.0
35.0
35.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
37.5
40.0
37.5
40.0
40.0
40.0
37.5

PHOTOENGRAYERS

Atlanta, Ga..................... $1.375
Baltimore, Md.2_............ 1.419
Gravure........................ 1.375
Birmingham, Ala_____ 1.250i
Boston, Mass.................. 1.447
Buffalo, N. Y .................. 1.467
Charlotte, N. C............... 1.250
Chicago, 111................... 1.520
Rotogravure................. 1.760
Cincinnati, Ohio............ 1.467
Cleveland, Ohio:
Agreement A.............. . 1.773
Agreement B._........... . 1.560
Columbus, Ohio............. 1.533
Dallas, Tex............... — 1.250
Davenport, Iowa. (See
Rock Island (111.) dis­
trict.)
Dayton, Ohio________ 1.467i
Denver, Colo__............... 1.300
1.425
Des Moines, Iowa.
1.375
Detroit, Mich____
Rotogravure___
1.500
1.250;
Duluth, Minn___
Houston, T ex................. 1.375!
1.467i
Indianapolis, Ind_
1.375
Kansas City, M o.
Los Angeles, Calif.......... 1.275'
Memphis, Tenn______ 1.250 ;
Milwaukee, Wis______ 1.467
Minneapolis, Minn___ 1.3001
Moline, 111. (See Rock
Island (111.) district.)
Nashville, Tenn______ 1.375

40.0 $1. 375 40.0
38.7, 1.375 40.0
40.0
40.0 1.250; 40.0
38.0 1.410 39.0
37.5 1. 467; 37.5
40.0 1.250 40.0
37.5 1. 520 37.5
37. 5!; 1.707 37.5
37.5 1.4671| 37.5
37.5' 1.747; 37.5
37.5 1.533 37.5
37.5i 1.533! 37.5
40.0 1.250 40.0
37.5 1.467
40.0 1.250 I
40.0 1.400 ,
40.0 1. 375
40.0 |1.500 i
40.0 j 1.250
40.0 1.375
37.5 1.467 i
40.0 1.375 i
40.0 1.250
40.0 1.250 ;
37.5 1.467 i
40.0 1.300

37.5
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
37.5
40.0
40.0
40.0
37.5
40.0

40.0! 1.375 40.0

Newark, N. J__________ $1,857
New Haven, Conn____ 1.375
N p .w Orleans, Tift ___
1.250
New York, N. Y_......... . 1.800
Gravure . . ______ 1.886
Oklahoma City, Okla.. . 1.300
Omaha, Nebr ____ _____ 1.325
Peoria, 111 . . . ............... . 1.375
Philadelphia, Pa............. 1.573
Phoenix, Ariz_________ 1.400
Pittsburgh, Pa.
1.467
Portland, Oreg_______ 1.575
Providence, R. I______ 1.474
Richmond, V a _______ 1.375
Rochester, N. Y _______ 1.467
Rock Island (HI.) dis­
trict-_ _____________ 1.400
Moline:
Rat-p. A
__
1.500
Rate B __________ 1.250
St. Louis, M o ________ 1.493
St. Paul, M in n _______ 1.300
San Antonio, Tex______ 1.375
San Francisco, Calif....... 1.375
Scranton, P a _________ 1.375
Seattle, W ash................. 1.575
Springfield, Mass______ 1.375
Toledo, Ohio ................. 1.429
Washington, D. C.2........ 1.493
Gravure____________ 1.125
Wichita, Kans................. 1.250
Worcester, Mass............. 1.375
Youngstown, Ohio____ 1.533

37.5 1.493 37.5
40.0 1.300 40.0
1.375 40.0
1.375 40.0
1.375 40.0
1.5751 40.0
39.0 1.375 39.0
38.5 1.429 38.5
37.5 1.493 37.5
40.0
40.0 1.250 40.0
40.0 1.375 40.0
37.5 1.533 37.5

PRESS ASSISTANTS AND FEEDERS

Atlanta, Ga.:
Assistants...................... $0,725 40.0 $0,725 40.0
Feeders......................... .627 40.0 .627 40.0
Baltimore, Md.:
Cylinder presses over
31 inches..................... .800 40.0
See footnotes at end of table.




Baltimore, Md.—Con.
Platen or small auto­
matic presses............. $0,550 40.0
Binghamton, N. Y.:
Cylinder assistants___ .650 40.0
Platen assistants.......... .525 40.0

57

UNION SCALES BY TRADES AND CITIES

T able

13.— Union Scales o f W ages and Hours in the Printing Trades in Selected Cities,
June I , 1941, and June J, 1940— Continued
B O O K A N D JOB— Continued
PRESS ASSISTANTS A N D FEEDERS— Continued

June 1,1941 June 1,1940

Birmingham, Ala.:
Cylinder feeders_____ $0,570
Platen feeders............... .365
Boston, Mass.:
Assistants on rotary
and magazine presses,
2-sheet rotary presses,
or 1- or 2-color perfecting presses_____ .980
Cylinder* assistants___ .920
Buffalo, N. Y .:2
Rotary web assistants. .925
2-color assistants........ .900
Cylinder and job cylinder assistants____ .850
Platen assistants
.650
Butte, Mont.:
Cylinder feeders_____ .620
Platen feeders.............. .437
Chicago, 111.:2
Assistants on tubular
rotary, single-deck
presses------------ ----- 1.256
Assistants on 1- or 2roll rotary presses:
Tension men............ 1.256
Oilers or utility men. 1.219
Assistants on McKee
4-color presses or
separating machines. 1.219
Assistants on 2-deck
or rotary presses,
using 1 or 2 rolls
with insert attach­
ment
. .. 1.206
Stock cutters (flat
machines)_________ 1.194
Assistants on 2-color
presses; single rotary
presses, auto- or
sheet-feed; Cox Du­
plex, Goss Comet,
or U. P. M. on sin­
gle attachments; pa­
per joggers; feeders
and operators of
hand-fed folding ma­
chines..-.................... 1.181
Operators or assist­
ants on automatic
or sheet-feed fold­
ing machines:
1 machine_________ 1.181
2 machines________ 1.244
3 machines________ 1.319
Assistants on single
cylinder presses 25
by 38 inches and
la rg er; coupion
presses; feeders on
hand-fed folding
machines................... 1.156
Assistants on 2 Harris
2-color presses 22 by
30 inches; feeders on
hand-fed cylinder
presses...................... .789

40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0

.980
.920
.925
.900
.850
.650
.600
.416

40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0

40.0 1.256 40.0
40.0 1.256 40.0
40.0 1.219 40.0
40.0 1.219 40.0
40.0 1.206 40.0
40.0 1.194 40.0

40.0 1.181 40.0
40.0 1.181 40.0
40.0 1.244 40.0
40.0 1.319 40.0

40.0 1.156 40.0
40.0 .789 40.0

Chicago, 111.—Con.
Feeders on hand-fed
Colt’s armory or
Universal presses... $0,764
Platen press feeders. _. .751
Loose-leaf printing:
Cylinder press feed­
ers, hand-fed:
Rftt.p. A __ _ _
.770
Rate B.................... .650
Rate C..... ............. .640
Rate D _________ .570
Colt’s press feeders. . .620
Cincinnati, Ohio:
Rotary presses:
First assistants____ 1.000
Second assistants. .. .950
Helpers and automatic
machine tenders___ .950
Feeders on large 2c o lo r c y lin d e r
presses....................... .900
Cylinder press feeders. .875
Job press feeders____ .600
Cleveland, Ohio:
Cylinder press assist­
ants......................... .943
Feeders on specialty
cylinder presses
(after 30 days)_____ .900
Platen press feeders or
assistants........ .......... .728
Columbus, Ohio............. 1.004
Rotary helpers, wax
pnpp.r printing
.600
Dallas, Tex.:
Cylinder feeders_____ .591
Rotary press helpers. . .550
Davenport, Iowa. (See
Rock Island (111.)
district.)
Dayton, Ohio:
Assistants on 2-color
flat-bed presses......... .950
Assistants on flat-bed
or cylinder presses.. .900
Web press assistants
(magazine):
Multicolor presses:
First assistants___ 1.100
White roll men___ .925
Packer boys:
Rate A _______ .675
Rate B
.700
96 pages:
Tympan roll men. 1.050
White roll men___ .925
Packer boys........... .675
80 pages:
White roll men___ .950
Packer boys.......... .700
32 pages:
Tympan roll men. 1.000
White roll men___ .875
2-color Miehle or
Miller press as­
sistants................... .950

| Hours per week

Rates of wages
per hour

Hours per week

City

Rates of wages
per hour

Hours per week

40.0 $0,570 40.0
40.0 .365 40.0

See footnotes at end of table.




Rates of wages
per hour

Hours per week

City

Rates of wages
per hour

j

June 1,1941 June 1,1940

40.0 $0,764 40.0
40.0 .751 40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0

.770
.650
.640
.570
.620

40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0

40.0 1.000 40.0
40.0 .950 40.0
40.0 .950 40.6
40.0 .900 40.0
40.0 .875 40.0
40.0 .600 40.0
37.5 .943 37.5
40.0
37.5
40.0
.40.0
40.0
40.0

.875
.728
.984
.600
.591

40.0
37.5
40.0
40.0
40.0

40.0 .950 40.0
40.0 .900 40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0

1.050
.925
.675
.925
.675
1.000
.875

40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0

40.0 .900 40.0

58

UNION WAGES AND HOURS'— PRINTING TRADES

T able 13.— Union Scales o f W ages and Hours in the Printing Trades in Selected Cities,
June I , 1941, and June 19 1940— Continued
B O O K A N D JOB— Continued
PRESS ASSISTANTS A N D FEEDERS— Continued

Dayton, Ohio—Con.
Web press assistants—
Continued.
Offset pattern press
assistants_______ $0.875
McKee press assis­
tants:
First assistants... .975
Second assistants. .900
48-page perfecting
Front end men. 1.050
White roll men.. .925
C om bination
second assista n t s and
packers_____ .875
Packer boys___ .675
Goss presses:
192 pages:
First assistants 1.050
White roll men,
double form... .975
White roll men,
single form— .925
Packer boys___ .675
Color—64 pages
double:
First assistants
on d o u b l e
form________ 1.100
Front end men.. 1.050
White roll men.. .950
Packer boys___ .675
82 pages:
First assistants,
b l a c k an d
white_______ 1.050
First assistants,
2-color_______ 1.075
White roll men.. .925
Packer boys___ .675
Clayboum and small
McKee presses,
5-color:
First assistants__ 1.000
Second assist­
ants between 2
.900
Scott offset presses:
A ssistants—reel
delivery.............. .950
C lam pers—reel
delivery_______ .775
Pin boys—fly de­
livery................. .625
Flat web press as­
sistants.................. .500
Wax paper printing:
Web rotary press
assistants:
1-6 months............ .675
7-12 months.......... .735
After 12 months— .805




Hours per week

Rates of wages
per hour

Hours per week

City

Rates of wages
per hour

June 1,1941 June 1,1940

40.0 $0.875 40.0
40.0 .975 40.0
40.0 .900 40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0

1.050
.975
.925
.675

40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0

40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0 .650 40.0
40.0 .710 40.0
40.0 .780 40.0

City

June 1,1941 June 1,1940
8b£
M
M
l
$
$
*
*
*1
**
" s *u
ta Q.
5 wI £® ft §
u
&

Dayton, Ohio—Con.
Wax paper printing—
Continued.
Kidder presses:
Beginners rate___ $0. 550
After 12 months. .825
Denver, Colo.:
Ready-print Comet
press assistants... . .883
Cylinder press as­
sistants___________ .845
Platen feeders.............. .500
Des Moines, Iowa:
Rotary, color and off­
set assistants______ .890
Cylinder and folder
assistants................... .880
Platen assistants......... .670
Platen feeders............. . .650
Detroit, Mich.:
Rotary assistants....... 1.000
Cylinder assistants___ .925
Platen assistants____ .750
Duluth, Minn.:
Platen assistants......... .450
Houston, Tex.:
2-color c y l i n d e r
feeders.............. ........ .750
Cylinder feeders........... .688
Platen assistants____ .688
Kidder rotary press
a ss is ta nt s, wax
paper printing.
.500
Indianapolis, Ind.:
Rotary press £ ’
and helpers________ 1.023
Cylinder press assist­
ants............................. .969
Rotary assistants, wax
paperprinting........... .725
Jod ana job cylinder
press a s s i s t a n t s
(junior)....................... .450
Jackson, Miss.:
Cylinder feeders_____ .600
Platen feeders............... .450
Jacksonville, Fla.:
Cylinder assistants___ .550
Platen assistants........ . .450
Kansas City, Mo.:
Rotary assistants........ .925
Cylinder assistants.... .900
Platen assistants......... .675
Little Rock, Ark.:
Cylinder feeders.......... .625
Platen feeders.............. .400
Los Angeles, Calif.:
Cylinder feeders, com­
bination cylind er
and platen feeders,
offset assistants____ .825
Platen feeders.............. .675

40.0 $0,500 40.0
40.0 .775 40.0
40.0 .883 40.0
40.0 .845 40.0
40.0 .500 40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0

.865
.855
.645
.625
1.000
.925
.750
.450

40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0

40.0 .750 40.0
40.0 .688 40.0
40.0 .688 4a 0
40.0 .500 40.0
40.0 1.023 40.0
40.0 .969 40.-0
40.0 .680 40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
4 0 .0
40.0
40.0
40.0

.450
.600
.450
.550
.450
.925
.900
.675
.597
.381

40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
4 0 .0

40.0
4 0 .0
4 0 .0
4 0 .0

4 0 .0
.825 40.0
40.0 .675 40.0

59

UNION SCALES BY TRADES AND CITIES

T able 13.— Union Scales o f Wages and Hours in the Printing Trades in Selected Cities,
June I , 1942, and June I , 1940— Continued
B O O K A N D JOB— Continued
PRESS ASSISTANTS A N D FEEDERS— Continued

Louisville, Ky.:
2-color cylinder press
assistants................... $0,700
1-color cylinder press
assistants........ .......... .635
Platen press feeders__ .509
Memphis, Tenn.:
Cylinder feeders, male. .605
Cylinder feeders, female______________ .525
Platen feeders, male... .500
Platen feeders, female. .440
Milwaukee, Wis.:
Agreement A:
Cylinder and rotary
press assistants... .925
Job cylinder assistants......................... .632
Platen assistants___ .579
Agreement B:
Cylinder press assist­
ants____________ .925
Superpress a ssist­
ants .................... .750
Aniline press assist­
ants____________ .650
Minneapolis, Minn.:
Cylinder press feeders. .840
Assistants on 2 Kelly
A or Miehle vertical
presses....................... .700
Platen press feeders.— .570
Cylinder wash-up and
oiler men_____ ____ .540
Platen wash-up and
oiler men.................... .440
Mobile, Ala.:
Platen press assistants. .400
Moline, 111. (See Rock
Island (111.), district.)
Nashville, Tenn.:
Cylinder feeders, male. .663
Cylinder feeders, fe­
m ale.......................... .563
Platen feeders............... .453
Newark, N. J.:
Assistants on 3-color
Sterling presses____ 1.125
Assistants on one 2color press over 70
inches......................... 1.100
Assistants on 2-color
presses........................ 1.075
Cylinder press assisttants.................. ......... 1.025
Platen press assistants. .725
Seal press assistants__ .625
New Haven, Conn.:
Cylinder feeders.......... .700
Platen feeders.............. .500
2-color press assistants. .700
M eihle horizontal
and other press as­
sistants 2*45__________ .675

40.0 $0.700
40.0 .635
40.0 .509
40.0 .605
40.0 .525
40.0 .500
40.0 .440
40.0 .900
40.0 .617
40.0 .565
40.0 .875
40.0
40.0 .650
40.0 .820
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0

.680
.530
.530
.430
.400

40.0 .663
40.0 .563
40.0 .453
40.0 1.125
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0

1.100

1.075
1.025
.725
.700
.400
.700

40.0 .675

See footnotes at end of table.




Hours per week

Rates of wages
per hour

Hours per week

City

Rates of wages
per hour

June 1,1941 June 1, 1940

June 1,1941 June 1,1940
|
09

City

•g-a
1*

(A

8
*

g
W

ft
•3 at-f
1&

M

New Orleans, La.:
Offset press assistants. $0,750 40.0 $0,875
40.0
Platen feeders.............. .488 40.0 .470
New York, N. Y.:
40.0
First assistants on
large 5-color Clay40.0
bourn presses_____ 1.189 40.0 1.189
40.0
Assistants on 2-color
rotary presses, first
40.0
assistants on small
4C.0
4color McKee proc­
40.0
ess presses, assista n t s on sm a ll
5-color Clayboum
1.132 40.0 1.132
40.0
Assistants on 2-color
cylinder perfecting
40.0
1.121 40.0 1.121
Assistants on 42-inch
40.0
pile feeder auto job
cylinder presses........ 1.098 40.0 1.098
40.0
Second assistants on
small 4-color McKee
process presses, sec­
ond assistants on
large 5-color Clay40.0
bourn presses, as­
sistants on hand- or
40.0
auto-fed fiat-bed cyl­
inder presses orer 42
inches, utility men
40.0
on web presses____ 1.075 40.0 1.075
4C.0
Assistants on 2 hand
40.0
or auto job cylinder
pressesover22inches
up to an including
40.0
31 inches__________ .775 40.0 .775
40.0 Oklahoma City, Okla.:
Cylinder feeders......... .688 40.0 .688
Platen feeders.............. .500 40.0 .500
Omaha, Nebr.:
Cylinder and rotary
40.0
assistants................... .750 40.0 .750
40.0 Peoria, HI.:
Cylinder feeders_____ .880 40.0 .880
40.0
Platen feeders............ .650 40.0 .650
Philadelphia, Pa.:
Sheet-feed rotary or
40.0
McKee press assist­
ants______________ 1.040 40.0 1.010
40.0
Rotary web helpers:
Rollmen...... ............. 1.040 40.0 1.010
Oilers---------- --------- 1.000 40.0 .970
40.0
Cylinder feeders.......... 1.000 40.0 .970
Junior feeders_______ .810 40.0 .780
40:0
Rotary feeders, wax
40.0
paper printing____ .770 40.0 .740
Phoenix, Ariz.:
Cylinder assistants.. .. .787 40.0 .690
40.0
Platen assistants......... .633 40.0 .555
40.0
40.0 Pittsburgh, Pa.:
Offset press helpers.... 1.075 40.0
2-color cylinder help­
ers............................. . 1.035 40.0 1.000
40.0

®
1

I

w

40.0
40.0
40.0

40.0
40.0
40.0

40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0

60

UNION WAGES AND HOURS'— PRINTING TRADES

T able 13.— Union Scales o f W ages and Hours in the Printing Trades in Selected Cities,
June I , 1941, and June I , 1940— Continued
B O O K A N D JO B— Continued
PRESS ASSISTANTS AND FEEDERS— Continued

Pittsburgh, P a —Con.
C ylin d er help ers,
male______________ $0,920
Cylinder helpers, female________ ____ _ .780
Platen job press feeders, male................ .750
Platen job press feeders, female________ .680
Portland, Maine............. .550
Portland, Oreg. : 2
Cylinder assistants___ .770
Platen feeders............... .670
Providence, R. I.:
Cylinder feeders_____ .727
Reading, Pa.:
Cylinder assistants___ .889
Platen assistants.......... .734
Richmond, Va.:
Perfectors and 2-color
assistants_________ .725
Cylinder assistants___ .700
Job press assistants,
cylinder feeders........ .500
Rochester, N. Y .: 2
Agreement A:
2-color press and
cylinder press as­
sistants................. .845
Duplex assistants... .763
Platen feeders_____ .685
Agreement B :
Cylinder press as­
sistants. _............... .880
Foremen (press as­
sistants) _________ .950
Cylinder feeders___ .820
Platen assistants___ .720
Platen feeders_____ .660
Rock Island (HI.) dis­
trict:
Cylinder feeders........... .950
St. Louis, Mo.:
Rotary web assistants. 1.100
Assistants on 24 by 36
inches or larger cyl­
inder presses, offset
press assistants ___ .940
Small cylinder or auto
press assistants ___ .790
Platan faadp.rs
.560
St. Paul, Minn.:
Cylinder assistants___ .840
Platen assistants_____ .570
Salt Lake City, Utah:
Cylinder feeders_____ .700
Platen feeders.............. .500
San Antonio, Tex.:
Cylinder feeders_____ .600
Platen feeders............... .400
San Francisco, Calif.:
Cylinder assistants___ .975

40.0 $0,875
40.0 .745
40.0 .715
40.0 .645
40.0 .550
40.0 .770
40.0 .670
40.0 .727
40.0 .889
40.0 .734
40.0 .725
40.0 .700
40.0 .500
40.0 .820
40.0 .750
40.0 .660
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0

.880
.950
.820
.720
.660

40.0 .950
40.0 1.050
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0

See footnotes at end of table.




.890
.740
.510
.820
.530
.700
.500
.600
.400
.975

San Francisco, C alif.Continued.
Platen assistants......... $0.750
40.0
Scranton, Pa.:
Cylinder feeders on
40.0
2-color or perfecting
presses____________ .928
40.0
Cylinder feeders........... .890
Platan feadars
40.0
.678
40.0 Seattle, Wash.:
Cylinder assistants___ .890
40.0
Platen assistants_____ .750
40.0
Envelope printing:
Assistants, male___ .670
40.0
Assistants, female... .500
South Bend, Ind.:
40.0
Offset assistants, cyl­
40.0
inder assistants and
feeders................ ....... .800
Platen feeders........... .500
40.0 Spokane, Wash.:
40.0
Cylinder feeders__ ^ . .770
Platen feeders............. .750
40.0 Springfield, Mass.:
Cylinder assistants___ .635
2-color press feeders. __ .710
Toledo, Ohio:J
Feeders______ ______ .850
40.0 Washington, D. C.:
5-color McKee assist­
40.0
40.0
ants_____ ________ 1.188
4-color McKee assist­
ants_______ ____ _ 1.063
U. P. M. assistants—2
40.0
presses................... 1.063
40.0
Senior assistants op­
erating 2 presses
40.0
with 1 man (pile
40.0
feeder attachment),
40.0
fly delivery________ 1.050
Web press assistants
(with color attach­
40.0
ment)....................... 1.025
40.0
2-color perfector as­
sistants___________ .975
Cylinder, web and
offset press assist­
ants________ ______ .950
40.0
U. P. M. assistants—1
40.0
press_____ ________ .975
Platen feeders_______ .675
40.0
Wichita, Kans.:
40.0
Cylinder assistants___ .800
Platen assistants......... .650
40.0
Worcester, Mass:
40.0
Cylinder feeders_____ .700
40.0 York, Pa.:
2-color or perfecting
40.0
press assistants____ .760
40.0
Cylinder assistants or
feeders........................ .730
40.0
1

Hours per week

Rates of wages
per hour

Hours per week

City

Rates of wages
per hour

June 1,1941 June 1,1940

Hours per week

Rates of wages
per hour

Hours per week

City

Rates of wages
per hour

June 1,1941 June 1,1940

40.0 $0,750 40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0

.883
.845
.633
.890
.750
.670
.500

40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0

.800 40.0
.770
.750
.635
.710
.850

40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0

40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0

40.0 1.125 40.0
40.0 1.000 40.0
40.0 1.000 40.0
40.0 .880 40.0
40.0 1.000 40.0
40.0 .913 40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0

.888
1.000

.613
.650
.500
.700

40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0

40.0 .760 40.0
40.0 .730 40.0

61

UNION SCALES BY TRADES AND CITIES

T able

13.— Union Scales o f Wages and Hours in the Printing Trades in Selected Cities,
June I , 1941, and June 1, 1940— Continued
B O O K A N D JOB— Continued

CYLINDER PRESSMEN

Atlanta, Ga................ . $1,000
Baltimore, Md.:
Single color cylinder
presses over 31
inches __________ 1.050
Small automatic presses 31 inches or less,
offset presses up to
and including 17
inches____________ .950
Multigraph operators
___ _. .550
Binghamton, N. Y __ 1.000
Automatic job cylinder presses________ .950
Birmingham, Ala.:
Cylinder presses:
.875
1 press____________
.900
2 presses__________
Automatic job cylin­
der presses................ .775
Coupon presses _____ .975
R otary m agazin e
presses:
In charge ______ 1.313
First position-.......... 1.138
Tension men............. 1.063
Boston, Mass.................. 1.060
Buffalo, N. Y.: 2
Rotary web presses__ 1.250
2-color presses_______ 1.225
Job cylinder presses,
photo offset presses. . 1.100
Multicolor presses
1.125
Butte, Mont---- ----------- 1.113
Foremen..__________ 1.238
Charleston, W. Va------- 1.050
In charge _ __ 1.250
Charlotte, N. C.:
Automatic job cylin­
der presses _______ .884
Chicago, 111.: 2
2 presses up to 46 by
65 inches; 3 patent
in sid e b la n k e t
presses; 1 press with
U pham attachment;
1 double cylinder
flat - bed, 2 - color
press; 1 double cylder perfecting press;
1 press over 25 by 38
inches and not over
3 job presses; 1 twocolor auto Harris; 1
two - color HarrisS ey bold -P otter;
1 two-color Miller;
1 two-color multi­
color ticket press; or
any 2of the following
presses in combina­
tion; Auto press,
Harris single, Kelly,
Miehle horizontal,
M iehle vertical,
Miller Simplex, Os-

40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0

.875
.875
.750
.950

40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0

40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0

1.313
1.138
1.063
1.060
1.250
1.225

40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0

1.100

1.093
1. 218
1.050
1.250

40.0 .850 40.0

Chicago, 111.—Con.
terlund, Stokes and
Smith......................... $1,350
Foremen, 3- to 6cylinder presses . . 1.475
1 Cox Duplex, Hoe
Duplex, Goss flat­
bed, Cox-O-Type,
or presses of similar
nature__________ . 1.438
Second operator on
tandem
1.350
Proofers on power
presses or 1 job
press.
__ 1.350
Rotary presses:
1 two-color, sheet
feed .
1.500
1 three-color, sheet
feed_____________ 1.550
1 four-color, sheet
feed_____________ 1.625
1 five-color, sheet
feed_____________ 1.700
1 Meisel press... .. 1.575
Sheet or web-feed
rotary presses, 70
inches or over:
1 four-color, first
position_____ 1.675
1 five-color, first
position_____ 1.750
Second position
on either_____ 1.625
1 tubular press, 1 or
2 units________ 1.525
Second pressmen,
3 or 4 units____ 1.425
1 thirty-two-page, 2unit press, first
pressm en..._____ 1.475
1 sixty-four-pare, 2or 4-unit press,
first pressmen— 1.625
Second pressmen,
2 or 4 units____ 1.475
1 eighty-page, 2-unit
press, first press­
men__________ 1.625
Second pressmen. 1.475
1 ninety-six-page,
novel news, 2or 4-unit press,
first pressmen... 1.625
Second pressmen.. 1.475
1 one-hundred and
tw enty-eightpage, 4-u n it
press, first press­
men..................... 1.625
Second pressmen.. 1.475
1 one-hundred and
n in e ty -tw o page, novel news,
4-unit press, first
pressmen______ 1.675
Second pressmen.. 1.525

Hours per week

Rates of wages
per hour

City

Hours per week

June 1,1941 June 1,1940
Rates of wages
per hour

Hours per week

40.0 $1,000 40.0

See footnotes at end of table.




Rates of wages
per hour

Hours per week

City

Rates of wages
per hour

June 1,1941 June 1, 1940

40.0 $1.350 40.0
40.0 1.475 40.0
40.0 1.438 40.0
40.0 1.350 40.0
40.0 1.350 40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0

1.500
1.550
1.625
1.700
1.575

40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0

40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0

1.675
1.750
1.625
1.525
1.425

40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0

40.0 1.475 40.0
40.0 1.625 40.0
40.0 1.475 40.0
40.0 1.625 40.0
40.0 1.475 40.0
40.0 1.625 40.0
40.0 1.475 40.0
40.0 1.625 40.0
40.0 1.475 40.0
40.0 1.675 40.0
40.0 1.525 40.0

62

UNION WAGES AND HOURS'— PRINTING TRADES

T able 13.— Union Scales o f Wages and Hours in the Printing Trades in Selected Cities,
June 1, 1941, and June 1, 1940— Continued
B O O K A N D JOB— Continued
C YLIN D E R PRESSMEN— Continued

Chicago, 111.—Con.
Bread-wrapper printing:
1 two-color Kidder
or similar- _____ $1.413
1 three-color Kidder
or similar. _____ 1.438
1 four-color Kidder
or similar________ 1.475
Loose-leaf printing:
Colts cutting and
creasing presses... .970
Cylinder presses,
automatic:
Rate A _ . _____ 1.100
Rate B....... ........... 1.080
Rate C................... 1.010
Rate D .................. 1.000
Rate E__________ .920
Miehle vertical pres­
ses:
Rate A.................... 1.000
Rate B _ ___ .790
Gordon presses,
hand-fed:
Rate A.................... .690
■ Rfttft B
.580
Cincinnati, Ohio:
1 or 2 presses up to 66
inches or 1 press 65
inches and over____ 1.100
Presses, 3- or 4-bag----- 1.118
Web presses, 1- or 2sheet-feed.................. 1.175
Rotary presses, not
more than 4-color__ 1.206
Special rotary presses.. 1.100
1 two-color flat-bed
press over 25 by 38
inches.......................... 1.144
2 or 3 platen presses
and 1 single color
cylinder press under
25 by 38 inches____ 1.094
Auto job cylinder
presses:
.875
1 press........................
.938
2 presses__________
Cleveland, Ohio............ 1.198
Semirotary presses___ 1.261
Offset presses.............. 1.309
Specialty cylinder
printing......... ........... 1.138
Columbus, Ohio_______ 1.230
Rotary presses, wax
paper printing____ 1.050
Dallas, Tex.:
Automatic or 2-color
presses____________ .915
Rotary presses_______ 1.025
Davenport, Iowa. (See
Rock Island (111.) dis­
trict.)
Dayton, Ohio:
Cylinder or automatic
job presses.................. 1.200




40.0 $1,413 40.0
40.0 1.438 40.0
40.0 1.475 40.0
40.0 .970 40.0
40.0 1.100 40.0
40.0 1.080 40.0
40.0 1.010 40.0
40.0 1.000 40.0
40.0 .920 40.0
40.0 1.000 40.0
40.0 .790 40.0
40.0 .690 40.0
40.0 .580 40.0
40.0 1.100 40.0
40.0 1.113 40.0
40.0 1.175 40.0
40.0 1.206 40.0
40.0 1.100 40.0
40.0 1.144 40.0
40.0 1.094 40.0
40.0
40 0
37.5
37.5
37.5
40.0
40.0
40.0

.875
.938
1.198
1.261
1.309
1.113

40.0
40.0
37.5
37.5
37.5
40.0
1.210 40.0
1.050 40.0

40.0 .915 40.0
40.0 .970 40.0
40.0

1.200

40.0

Dayton, Ohio—Con.
2-color presses_______ $1.250
Rotary web presses:
Fashion presses____ 1.400
2-color Miehle______ 1.250
2-color Miller............. 1.250
2 Kelly presses.......... 1.110
Scott offset presses
(reeldelivery). ... 1.200
Offset pattern (fly
delivery) or Har­
ris offset presses. 1.100
96 pages.................. 1.450
80 pages-------------- 1.375
32 pages_________ 1.375
192-page Goss pressmen-in-charge or
64-page double color
Goss pressmen___ 1.525
192-page Goss press­
men____________ 1.350
32-page Goss 2-color
presses__________ 1.475
32-page Goss presses,
black and white,
or 48-page perfect­
ing McKee presses. 1.450
5-color Clayboum or
sm all M cK ee
presses __________ 1.425
48-page perfecting
McKee presses,
second pressmen. _ 1.400
Multicolor pressmen. 1.425
P r e ssm e n - i n ­
char ge_______ 1.550
Flat web presses___ 1.100
Rotary web presses,
register work_____ 1.200
Rotary web presses,
wax paper print­
ing........................... 1.125
Rotary Kidder presses. 1.125
Denver, Colo.:
2-color, Kelly, or offset
presses____________ 1.088
Foremen, offset presses. 1.213
Des Moines, Iowa_____ 1.090
Small presses......... ....... 1.050
Rotary, color, or offset
presses____________ 1.130
Detroit, Mich.:
Job cvlinder, Kelly,
M iehle vertical,
M iller Hi-Speed,
Simplex, or horizon­
tal presses....... .......... 1.250
2-color rotary press­
men or rotary fore­
men............................ 1.500
Duluth, Minn.................. 1.050
El Paso, Tex..................... .950
Erie, Pa.:
C ylind er or offset
presses....................... 1.100
Houston, Tex................... 1.000

40.0 $1,250
40.0 1.400
40.0 1.175
40.0 1.150
40.0 1.075
40.0

Hours per week

Rates of wages
per hour

City

Hours per week

c~
v.: X
iS
cS tf

June 1,1941 June 1,1940
Rates of wages
per hour

o

tc
a
* %

Hours per week

Hours per week

City

Rates of wages
per hour

June 1,1941 June 1, 1940

40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0

40.0 1.100 40.0
40.0 1.450 40.0
40.0 1.350 40.0
40.0 1.375 40.0
40.0 1.500 40.0
40.0 1.350 40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0 1.100 40.0
04.0 1.075 40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0

1.088
1.213
1.065
1.025
1.105

40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0

40.0 1.250 40.0
40.0 1.500 40.0
40.0 1.050 40.0
40.0 .950 40.0
40.0
40.0

1.100
1.000

40.0
40.0

63

UNION SCALES BY TRADES AND CITIES

T able

13.— Union Scales o f Wages and Hours in the Printing Trades in Selected Cities,
June I , 1941, and June 1, 1940— Continued
B O O K A N D JOB— Continued
C Y LIN D E R PRESSMEN— Continued

Hours per week

Rates of wages
per hour

Hours per week

City

Rates of wages
per hour

June 1,1941 June 1,1940

1

Hours per week

Rates of wages
per hour

Hours per week

City

Rates of wages
per hour

June 1,1941 June 1,1940

Houston, Tex.—Con.
2-color pressmen or
cylinder foremen___ $1,125
Wax paper printing:
Rotary pressmen___ 1.000
Foremen.................... 1.125
Indianapolis, Ind.:
C ylind er or offset
presses____________ 1.150
Rotary presses........... 1.246
Rotary presses, wax
paper printing_____ 1.100
Janlrsrvn, M is s ......... . ...
.850
TTnrATTifln
.900
Jacksonville, Fla.:
Cylinder or Kelly
presses........................ 1.000
Kansas City, Mo.:
Cylinder foremen____ 1.235
1 cylinder press and 2
auto platens (under
foremen)---------------- 1.210
2 cylinder presses (un­
der foremen), 1 twocolor cylinder press,
1 cylinder press with
Upham attachment,
1 cylinder and 1 or
2 hand-fed platens,
or 1 cylinder and 1
auto p laten (under
foremen)__________ 1.160
Little Rock, Ark______ .900
Pressmen-in-charge:
6 or more cylinder
presses or 4 cylin­
der and 10 platen
presses--------------- 1.100
2 cylinder and 5
platen presses........ 1.013
1 cylinder and 3 or 4
platen presses
.938
1 cylinder and 1 or 2
platen presses........ .& 8
Los Angeles, Calif.:
Foremen, 3 or more
cylinder presses or
2 cylinder and 1
platen press-------- 1.125
1 flat-bed perfecting
press, Cox Du­
p l e x or G o s s
Comet.................... 1.088
1 or 2 single cylin­
der presses, 1 or 2
automatic presses,
1 two-color press,
1 cylinder and not
more than 2 platen
presses.................... 1.050




40. C$1.125 40.0
40.0 1.000 40.0
40. C 1.125 40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0

1.150
1.246
1.050
.850
.900

40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0

40.0 1.000 40.0
40.0 1.235 40.0
40.0

1.210

40.0

40.0 1.160 40.0
40.0 .859 40.0
40.0 1.050 40.0
40.0 .966 40.0
40.0 .919 40.0
40.0 .886 40.0
40.0 1.125 40.0
40.0 1.088 40.0

40.0 1.050 40.0

Louisville, Ky.:
1 cylinder or job auto­
matic press________ $0,946
1 oversize or special
press, or 2 presses... .999
Small presses not over
65 inches, 1-color
presses...................... .946
2-color presses_______ 1.024
1 cylinder press over
65 inches on color___ .999
Manchester, N . H ___
.900
Automatic presses
.850
M em p h is, Term
.850
Foremen........................ .970
1 two-color press over
25 by 38 inches, off­
set presses over 22 by
34 inches___
.900
2-color offset presses.
.950
Milwaukee, Wis.:
Cylinder and rotary
presses______ _____ 1.125
Aniline presses............. .900
Super presses______ 1.000
Minneapolis, Minn.:
4 sin g le c y lin d e r
p resses, men-incharge____________ 1.205
3 sin g le c y lin d e r
p resses, men-incharge; 2 -color
double-end or single-roll rotary
presses....................... 1.175
1 or 2 single cylinder
presses, 2 Kelly A
or Miehle vertical
presses, 1 single cyl­
inder and 1 platen
press________ _____ 1.075
Mobile, A la ______
.850
Moline, 111. (See Rock
Island (HI.) district.)
Nashville, Tenn.:
1 press..........................
.820
2 presses, cylinder and
Kelly_____________ .963
Newark, N. J.:
1 three-color Sterling
press____________ . 1.400
1 two-color cylinder
p r e s s o v e r 70
i n c h e s .................... 1.388
1 single-color cylinder
press with bronzing
attachment over 65
inches_____________ 1.350
1special Kidder press,
Prudential................. 1.338

40.0 $0.946 40.0
40.0 .999 40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0 . 900
40.0 . 850
40.0 .850
40.0 .970

40.0
40.0
40 0
40.0

40.0 .900 40.0
40.0 .950 40.0
40.0 1.100 40.0
40.0 .900 40.0
40.0
40.0 1.180 40.0
40.0 1.150 40.0
40.0 1.050 40.0
40.0 .850 40.0
40.0 .820 40.0
40.0 .963 40.0
40.0 1.400 40.0
40.0 1.388 40.0
40.0 1.350 40.0
40, Q 1.338 40.0

64
T able

UNION WAGES AND HOURS— PRINTING TRADES
13.— Union Scales o f Wages and Hours in the Printing Trades in Selected Cities,
June 1 , 1941, and June 19 1940— Continued
B O O K A N D JOB— Continued
C Y LIN D E R PRESSMEN— Continued

Newark, N. J.—Con.
1 or 2 job cylinder
presses with automatic feeder; 1 job
cylinder press with
autom atic feeder
and 1 auto-fed
platen press; 1 job
cylinder press with
autom atic feeder
and 2 h a n d - fe d
platen presses; or 1
or 2 single-cylinder
presses not over 68
mches; or 1 Duplex
web press_________ $1,288
1 two-color Harris S. I.
(15 by 18 inches) or
4-c ol or K i d d e r
presses....................... 1.200
Seal presses...... .........__ 1.050
Cylinder foremen____ 1.413
New Haven, Conn.:
Cylinder p r e s s e s ,
M i e h l e vertical
and horizontal au­
tomatic job cylin­
der presses................ 1.050
2-color presses ............. 1.125
Magazine work: 2
M i e h l e vertical
a n d horizontal
presses---------------- .975
Cylinder presses___ 1.025
2-color presses........... 1.075
New Orleans, La.:
Cylinder or combina­
tion cylinder and
platen presses........... 1.000
Foremen....................... 1.125
Offset presses................ 1.075
New York, N. Y.:
1 McKee process press. 1.568
1 sheet-feed rotary or
offset on color........... 1.499
1 two-color flat-bed
press over 70 inches.. 1.476
1 two-color flat-bed
p r e s s u n d e r 70
mches; 1 two-color
Harris press 28 by
34 inches and up; 2
cylinder presses on
close register work;
1 press with bronz­
ing machine; 1 sheet­
feed rotary or offset
press; permanent
provers....................... 1.431
1 or 2 auto job cylinder
presses over 22 and
under 29 inches____ 1.406
1 cylinder press over
68 inches or 1 or 2
not over 68 inches;

40.0 1.200 40.0
40.0
40.0 1.413 40.0
40.0
40.0

1.000
1.000

40.0
40.0

40.0 .9751 40.0
40.0 1.025 40.0
40.0 1.075 40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0

.944
1.088
1.125
1.568
1.499
1.476

40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0

40.0 1.431 40.0
40.0 1.406 40.0

New York, N. Y —Con.
1 perfecting press;
1 poster press 28 by
41 inches or over; 1
label press on close
register work______ $1,363
2-color auto unit cylin­
der presses:
Group A_................... 1.499
Group B _____ ____ 1.568
Single-color auto unit
cylinder presses:
Group A.................... 1.363
Group B__________ 1.431
Group C.................... 1.499
Rotary presses:
5-color Claybourn
presses.................... 1.625
3- or 4-color on pro­
cess work, over 46
inches
1.613
Double roll over 46
inches_____ ____ _ 1.590
3- or 4-color on pro­
cess work, 46
inches or under. _ _ 1.568
Do u bl e roll, 46
inches and under,
or single roll, over
46 inches________ 1.545
Single roll, 46 inches
or less___________ 1.499
Cox D u p l e x or
multi-web ticket
presses
1 431
Second men.............. 1.409
B r a k e m e n or
tension men_____ 1.363
Automatic presses:
2 two-c olor Harris, 15
by 18 inches
1.340
1 two-color Harris 18
by 22 inches_____ 1.318
2 one-color Harris,
15 by 18 or 18 by 22
inches.._________ 1.295
1 two-color Harris,
15 by 18 inches___ 1.273
Combinations:
1 cylinder and 1 auto
job cylinder press
not ov er 22
inches___________ 1.409
1 cylinder and 1 or 2
hand-fed platen
presses, or 1 cylin­
der and 1 auto-fed
platen presses........ 1.363
Specialty work:
Multicolor or Kelly
presses.................. .875
Norfolk, V a .............
.950
Oklahoma City, Okla.:
Pressmen under fore­
men............................. .955

Hours per week

Rates of wages
per hour

City

Hours per week

June 1,1941 June 1,1940
Rates of wages
per hour

Hours per week

40.0 $1.288 40.0

See footnotes at end of table.




Rates of wages
per hour

Hours per week

City

Rates of wages
per hour

June 1,1941 June 1,1940

40.0 $1.363 40.0
40.0 1.499 40.0
40.0 1.568 40.0
40.0 1.363 40.0
40.0 1.431 40.0
40.0 1.499 40.0
40.0 1.625 40.0
40.0 1.613 40.0
40.0 1.590 40.0
40.0 1.568 40.0
40.0 1.545 40.0
40.0 1.499 40.0
40.0 1.431 40.0
4o! o L409 40.0
40.0 1.363 40.0
40.0 1.340 40.0
40.0 1.318 40.0
40.0 1.295 40.0
40.0 1.273 40.0
40.0 1.409 40.0
40.0 1.363 40.0
40.0 .875 40.0
40.0 .950 40.0
40.0 .955 40.0

65

UNION SCALES BY TRADES AND CITIES

T able

13.— Union Scales o f Wages and Hours in the Printing Trades in Selected Cities,
June 1, 1941, and June 1, 1940— Continued
B O O K A N D JOB— Continued
C Y LIN D E R PRESSMEN— Continued

Oklahoma City, Okla.—
Continued.
Foremen, no journeymen— ...................... $1,025
Forem en, 1 K elly
press......................... 1.188
Omaha, Nebr_________ 1.000
1.050
Foremen........................ 1.140
Philadelphia, Pa______ 1.230
Cylinder pressmen on
"color work. ............. 1.280
1.390
On color work_____ 1.430
Second pressmen— 1.280
Rotary sheet-feed or
McKee presses.......... 1.430
UPM with 1 auto at­
tachment- _ ______ 1.305
Jitney presses, rotary.. 1.280
Rotary presses, wax
paper printing_____ 1.180
F lat-bed cylinder
presses, specialty
work _ __________ .800
Phoenix, Ariz.:
Cylinder and offset
presses----------- ------ 1.120
Pittsburgh, Pa.:
Cylinder or combina­
tion cylinder and
web presses............... 1.225
2-color presses..........— 1.340
Offset presses_______ 1.575
Portland, Maine............. .820
Portland, OregA............. 1.100
Offset presses................ 1.150
Foremen, 1 or 2 presses. 1.163
Foremen, 3 or m o r e
presses
1.225
Providence, R. I............ .909
Reading,Pa.:
1 or 2 presses................. .940
Foremen_____ ______ 1.180
Assistant foremen____ 1.040
Richmond, Va.:
Cylinder presses, sin­
gle - color presses,
platemen
.900
Perfector or 2-color
presses
1.100
Rochester, N . Y . : 2
Agreement A:
Cylinder presses,
2-color presses,
Kelly or vertical
presses.................... 1.125
Duplex presses......... 1.275
Agreement B:
Rate A....................... 1.100
Rate B
1.000
Rock Island (111.) dis­
trict— .......................... 1.150

40.0 $1,025
40.0 1.188
40.0 1.000
40.0 1.050
40.0 1.140
40.0 1.200
40.0 1.250
40.0 1.360
40.0 1.400
40.0 1.260
40.0 1.400
40.0 1.275
40.0 1.250
40.0 1.150

40.0 1.080 40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0

1.175
1.300
.820
1.100
1.150
1.163
1.225
.909
.940
1.180
1.040

40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0

40.0 .900 40.0
40.0 1.100 40.0
40.0 1.100 40.0
40.0 1.250 40.0
40.0 1.100 40.0
40.0 1.000 40.0
40.0 1.150 40.0

Rock Island (111.) dis­
trict—Continued.
Foremen_______ ____ $1.300
Rotary presses:
Men-in-charge_____ 1.300
First and second
assistants..... ........ . 1.150
Third assistants___ 1.100
St. Louis, Mo.:
1 four- or five-color
press______ ______ 1.318
Second men on fivecolor presses.............. 1.184
Single or 2-roll rotary
presses........................ 1.291
2-color presses; double
cylinders presses; 1
cylinder press 68
inches or larger......... 1.184
Automatic presses over
19 by 25 inches and
2 platen presses___ 1.184
2 automatic presses 17
by 22 to 19 by 25
inches____________ 1.100
1 automatic press less
than 17 by 22 inches
and 3 platen presses. 1.084
2 automatic presses
less than 17 by 22
inches____________ 1.064
Hand-fed presses:
2 cylinder presses 25
by 38 inches but
under 68 inches__ 1.184
1 cylinder press 25
by 38 inches but
under 68 inches
and 1 or 2 platen
presses................... 1.142
2 cylinder presses 24
by 36 inches or 1
cylinder and 1 or
2 platen presses. __ 1.069
1 cylinder press 24
by 36 inches or
less_____________ 1.008
Coupon presses, 28
inches________ ____ .993
Coupon presses, 42
inches____ _____
1.025
St. Paul, Minn.:
1 or 2 single cylinder
presses; 1 single cyl­
inder and 1 platen
press; 1 Kelly, 1
Miehle vertical. 1
Simplex-horizontal
or 1 Miller Hi-Speed. 1.075
2-color double-end
presses.............. ........ 1.175
Rotary presses............. 1.075
Men-in-charge.......... 1.175

40.0 $1,300
40.0 1.300
40.0 1.150
40.0 1.100

Hours per week

Rates of wages
per hour

City

Hours per week

June 1,1941 June 1,1940
Rates of wages
per hour

Hours per week
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0

40.0 .762 42.0

See footnotes at end of table.




Rates of wages
per hour

Hours per week

City

Rates of wages
per hour

June 1,1941 June 1,1940

40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0

40.0 1.268 40.0
40.0 1.134 40.0
40.0 1.241 40.0
40.0 1.134 40.0
40.0 1.134 40.0
40.0 1.050 40.0
40.0 1.034 40.0
40.0 1.014 40.0
40.0 1.134 40.0
40.0 1.092 40.0
40.0 1.014 40.0
40.0 .958 40.0
40.0 .943 40.0
40.0 .975 40.0

40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0

1.050
1.150
1.050
1.150

40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0

66

UNION WAGES AND HOURS'— PRINTING TRADES

T able

13.— Union Scales o f W ages and Hours in the Printing Trades in Selected Cities
June 1, 1941, and June 2, 1940— Continued
B O O K A N D JOB— Continued
C YLIN D E R PRESSMEN— Continued

Hours per week

Rates of wages
per hour

Hours per week

City

Rates of wages
per hour

Hours per week

Rates of wages
per hour

Hours per week

June 1,1941 June 1,1940

1

City

Rates of wages
per hour

June 1,1941 June 1,1940

Salt Lake City, U tah ... $0.950
Foremen...................... 1.050
San Antonio, T ex.......... .900
San Francisco, Calif ... 1.300
Foremen, cylinder or
manifold presses;
pressmen, 1 flat-bed
web press.................. 1.375
Manifold pressmen . 1.300
R ot ar y m a gaz in e
presses:
First position______ 1.450
Second position........ 1.300
Scranton, Pa.:
1 or 2 cylinder presses.. 1.153
2-color presses............... 1.253
Seattle, Wash_________ 1.250
Foremen..._________ 1.375
R otar y web
p r e s s m e n ........ 1.429
Men-in-charge_____ 1.571
Pressmen, envelope
printing____ _____ _ 1.265
Multilith presses.......... 1.000
South Bend, Ind.:
1 cylinder press 40
inches or over_____ 1.050
2 cylinder presses 40
inches or over........... 1.100
2-color presses______
1.150
Offset presses 17 by
22 inches or less____ 1.100
Offset presses over 17
by 22 inches............... 1.250
Spokane, Wash________ 1.100
Springfield, Mass............ 1.060
2-color presses_______ 1.160
Tampa, Fla.:
Cylinder presses, 1
Miller-Simplex auto
cylinder press, 1
Miehle horizontal
auto cylinder press.. 1.000

40.0 $0.950
40.0 1.050,
40.0 .900
40.0 1.300

40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0

40.0 1.375 40.0
40.0 1.300 40.0
1
40.0 1.450 I 40.0
40.0 1.300 40.0
40.0 1.108 40.0
40.0 1.208 40.0
40.0 1.250 40.0
40.0 1.375 40.0
35.0 1.429 35.0
35.0 1.571 35.0
40.0 1.265 40.0
40.0 1.000 40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0

1.100

1.250
1.100
1.060
1.160

40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0

40.0

1.000

40.0

1.050 40.0

Tampa, Fla.—Con.
2 Miehle vertical
presses or Kelly and
Miehle presses.......... $0.900
Forem en...,................. 1.125
Toledo, Ohio__________ 1.125
Washington, D. C.:
1 five-color CottrellMcKee press ..
1.656
1 U. P. M. rotary or
1 offset press over
42 inches________ . 1. 290
1 perleetor or 1 twocolor press........ .... 1.225
Job automatic cylin­
der presses (1 or
2 vertical Miehle
presses; 1 or 2 Kelly
job presses; 1 or 2
Miller Hi-Speed
presses; any cylinder
press 20 inches or
under; 1 offset press
24 inches or under;
any combination of
above) a._................... 1.100
Wichita, Kans.: 3
1 two- color press____ 1.025
1 job cylinder and 1 or
2 platen presses___
1.025
2 cylinder presses or i
cylinder and 2 platen
presses........................ 1.025
Rotary presses_______ 1.075
Worcester, Mass.:
1 cylinder press over
56 inches____
1.000
2 cylinder presses over
56 inches_____ ____ 1.050
York, Pa____________ 1.000
2-color or perfecting
presses____________ 1.050
Younestown, Ohio......... 1.100

40.0 $0,900 40.0
40.0 1.125 40.0
40.0 1.125 40.0
40.0 1.606 40.0
40.0 1.240 40.0
40.0 1.175 40.0

40.0 1.050 40.0
40.0 .850 40.0
40.0 .800 40.0
40.0
40.0

1.000

40.0

40.0 1.000 40.0
40.0 1.050 40.0
40.0 1.000 40.0
40.0 1.050 40.0
40.0 1.100 40 0

PLATEN PRESSMEN

Atlanta, Ga......................
Baltimore, Md.__...........
Binghamton, N. Y.:
Hand-fed presses..........
Automatic presses.......
Birmingham, Ala............
Boston, Mass.:
Hand-fed presses_____
Automatic presses___
Buffalo, N. Y.2— ...........
Butte, M on t..................
Charleston, W. Va.:
Hand-fed presses_____
Automatic presses___
Charlotte, N. C.__..........
Chicago, 111.2
1 to 3 presses................
4 presses, hand-fed___

.000

.850
.750
.800
.680
.940
980
.975
.977
.875
.938
.707
.175

.200

40.0 $1,000
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0 .660
40.0 .940!
40.0 .980
40.0 .975
40.0 .958
40.0 .875
40.0 .938
40.0 .680
40.0 1.175
40.0 1.200

See footnotes at end of table.




40.0
40.6
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0

Chicago, 111.—Con.
5 presses, hand-fed___ $1,238
6 presses, hand-fed___ 1.275
Loose-leaf printing:
Kluge autom atic
presses:
Rate A................... .850
Rate B _________ .800
Cincinnati, Ohio:
1 or 2 presses................. .875
3 presses........................ .900
4 presses...................... .925
5 presses____________ .950
Cleveland, Ohio:
1 or 2 presses...............
.983
3 or 4 presses—............. 1.079
5 to 8 presses............... 1.165
Columbus, Ohio.......... 1.230

||
40.0 $1.238 40.0
40.0 1.275 4o!o
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
37.5
37.5
37.5
40.0

.850
.800
.875
.900
.925
.950
.983
1.079
1.165

1.210

40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
37.5
37.5
37.5
40.0

67

UNION SCALES BY TRADES AND CITIES

T able 13.— Union Scales o f W ages and Hours in the Printing Trades in Selected Cities9
June I , 1941, and June I , 1940— Continued
B O O K A N D JOB— Continued
PLATEN PRESSMEN— Continued

Dallas, Tex_.......... ..........
Davenport, Iowa. (See
Rock Island (111.) dis­
trict.)
Dayton, Ohio:
1 or 2 job presses..........
3 job presses_________
4 or 5 job presses_____
Denver, Colo.:
1 press, hand-fed------2 presses, hand-fed___
3 presses, hand-fed___
Des Moines, Iow a.........
Detroit, Mich.:
3 hand-fed presses, or 2
automatic and 1
hand-fed............. .......
Duluth, Minn.................
El Paso, Tex_................
Erie, Pa............................
Houston, Tex.:
1 or 2 presses...............
3 presses____________
4 or 5 presses.................
Indianapolis, Ind.:
1 or 2 presses.................
3 presses ________
5 presses.....................
Jackson, M iss.................
Jacksonville, Fla.:
1 or 2 presses................
3 or 4 presses...............
Kansas City, Mo.:
1 or 2 presses.................
3 presses ........................
4 presses ........................
5 presses......................
Little Rock, Ark.............
Los Angeles, Calif.:
1 to 3 presses.................
Louisville, Ky.:
1 press, hand-fed.........
2 presses, hand-fed___
3 presses, hand-fed___
4 presses, hand-fed___
5 presses, hand-fed___
Manchester, N. H _____
Memphis, Tenn__..........
Foremen.......................
Milwaukee, Wis.:
1 to 3 presses.................
4 presses. ....................
Minneapolis, Minn.:
1 press............................
2 presses.......................
3 presses........................
4 presses.-............. .......
Men-in-charge (more
than 4 presses)_____
Mobile, Ala___________
Moline, 111. (See Rock
Island (111.) district.)
Nashville, Tenn.:
1 press............................
2 presses. ......................

$0,764 40.0 $0.754 40.0

See footnotes at end




1.000
1.100
1.200

.876
.90S
.963
.980

40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0

1.000
1.100
1.200

.875
.908
.963
.955

40.0 1.100
.775 40.0 .775
.950 40.0 .950
1.000 40.0 1.000
.750 40.0 .750
.825 40.0 .825
.900 40.0 .900
1.014 40.0 1.014
1.068 40.0
1.150 40.0 1.150
.740 40.0 .740
.800 40.0 .800
.875 40.0 .875
1.030 40.0 1.030
1.060 40.0 1.060
1.080 40.0 1.080
1.110 40.0 1.110
.900 40.0 .859
.975 40.0 .975
.763 40.0 .763
.788 40.0 .788
.815 40.0
.841 40.0
.868 40.0
.750 40.0 .750
.840 40.0 .840
.900 40.0 .900
1.012 40.0 .987
1.050 40.0 1.025
.770 40.0 .750
.840 40.0 .820
.930 40.0 .910
1.000 40.0 .980
1.075 40.0 1.050
.700 40.0 .700
1.100

40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0

.673 40.0 .673 40.0
.738 40.0 .738 40.0

of table.

Newark, N. J.:
1 to 3 presses, handfed________ _______ $1,106
4 presses, hand-fed___ 1.156
5 presses, hand-fed___ 1.200
1 New Era press_____ 1.288
Foremen______ _____ 1.231
New Haven, Conn......... .900
New Orleans, La............. .875
New York, N. Y.:
1 automatic press or 2
multicolor presses-. 1.181
4 presses or 2 Webendorfer presses______ 1.226
1 automatic and 2
hand-fed platen
presses or 2 auto­
matic platen presses
not over 20 inches. 1.273
2 automatic presses
over 20 inches.......... 1.340
Platen provers............. 1.363
Norfolk, V a -................. .750
Oklahoma City, Okla.:
Hand-fed presses____ .825
Automatic presses___ .875
Omaha, Nebr.................. 1.000
Peoria, 111......................... .930
Men-in-charge - - .......... .960
Philadelphia, Pa............. 1.110
Phoenix, Ariz_________ .970
Pittsburgh, Pa________ 1.150
Portland, M aine.—. ___ .750
Portland, Oreg.2_______ .980
Foremen 2.............. ....... 1.043
Providence, R. I.:
Small presses___ ____ .796
Large presses________ .841
Reading, Pa.:
Hand-fed presses.......... .837
1 or 2automatic presses. .889
Rochester, N. Y .:2
Agreement A:
1 to 3 presses, handfed______________ 1.025
Automatic presses... 1.125
Agreement B:
lto 3 hand-fed presses .880
4 hand-fed or 2 auto­
matic presses____ 1.000
Rock Island (111.) dis­
trict:
1 or 2 p r e s s e s ,
h a n d - f e d ............... 1.000
Automatic presses....... 1.050
St. Louis, Mo.:
1 or 2 presses................. .942
3 or 4 presses............. — 1.025
St. Paul, Minn.:
1 press............................ .770
2 presses.....................— .840
3 presses____________ .930
Salt Lake City, U tah ... .875
San Antonio, Tex............ .750
San Francisco, Calif___ 1.225

40.0 $1,106
40.0 1.156
40.0 1.200
40.0 1.288
40.0 1.231
40.0 .850
40.0 .850

Hours per week

Rates of wages
per hour

City

Hours per week

June 1,1941 June 1,1940
Rates of wages
per hour

City

June 1,1941 June 1, 1940
CD
CCDO
M
fcfl
2
1
§
£
*
*
3
_°
©
1
am
u
©m B I $ 8. 3u
©
"c8
W
M

40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0

40.0 1.181 40.0
40.0 1.226 40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0

1.273
1.340
1.363
.750
.825
.785
1.000
.930
.960
1.080
.935
1.105
.750
.980
1.043
.796
.841
.837
.889

40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0

40.0 1.000 40.0
40.0 1.100 40.0
40.0 .880 40.0
40.0 1.000 40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0

1.000

1.050
.892
.975
.750
.820
.910
.875
.750
1.225

40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0

68

UNION WAGES AND HOURS— PRINTING TRADES

T able 13.— Union Scales o f Wages and Hours in the Printing Trades in Selected Cities,
June I , 1941, and June I , 1940— Continued
B O O K A N D JOB— Continued
PLATEN PRESSMEN— Continued

June 1,1941 June 1,1940

Scranton, Pa.................. . $0,903
Seattle, Wash............. . 1.160
Foremen....................... 1.276
South Bend, Ind.:
Hand-fed presses.......... .900
2 presses, automatic. .. .950
3 presses, automatic. .. 1.000
Spokane, Wash........ ....... 1.075
Tampa, Fla..................... .900
Toledo, Ohio:
1 or 2 presses
1.000
3 presses......................... 1.050

40.0 $0,858
40.0 1.160
40.0 1.276
40.0
40.0 .950
40.0 .950
40.0 1.075
40.0 .900
40.0 1.000 '
40.0 1.0501

40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0

Washington, D. C .:2
1,2, or 3 presses, handfed_______ ... ...
1 or 2 hand-fed and 1
automatic press
2 automatic presses__
Wichita, Kans.:2
1 or 2 presses____
Worcester, Mass.:
2 presses, hand-fed___
A u tom atic presses
Youngstown, Ohio.........

$0,875
.950
1.013
.850
.770
.850
1.038

Hours per week

Rates of wages
per hour

Hours per week

City

Rates of wages
per hour

Hours per week

Rates of wages
. per hour

Hours per week

City

Rates of wages
per hour

1

June 1,1941 June 1,1940

40.0 $0,825
40.0 900
40.0 .963
40.0 .750
40.0 .770
40.0 850
40.0 1.038

40.0
40 0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40 0
40.0

Moline, 111. (See Rock
Island (111.), district.)
Nashville, Tenn .2______ $1,065 40.0 $1,040
Newark, N. J_________ 1.520 37.5 1.467
New Haven, Conn.......... 1.113 40.0 1.075
New York, N. Y ............. 1.573 37.5 1.573
Hebrew text................. 2.181 8 27.5 2.181
Italian text................... 1.967 30.0 1.967
Russian text................. 1.667 927.0 1.667
Hungarian text______ 1.257 35.0 1.218
Bohemian and Sla­
vonic text................ 1.104 38.5 1.052
Hellenic text________ 1.093 37.5 1.093
Norfolk, Va___________ 1.150 40.0 1.093
Oklahoma City, O kla... 1.0C4 40.0 1.063
Omaha, Nebr............. . 1.150 40.0 1.150
Peoria, 111........... .............. 1.170 38.3 1.170
Philadelphia, Pa............. 1.270 37.5 1.231
Phoenix, Ariz.................. 1.150 37.5 1. Ill
Pittsburgh, Pa .2.............. 1.355 37.5 1.355
Portland, Maine............. 1.075 40.0 1.075
Portland, Oreg............... 1.241 36.3 1.200
Providence, R. I.............. 1.300 40.0 1.300
Reading, Pa..................... 1.182 37.5 1.156
Richmond, Va................. 1.088 40.0 1.075
Rochester, N. Y .2______ 1.200 40.0 1.175
German text________ .800 40.0 .875
Rock Island (111.) dis­
trict___ ____________ 1.161 38.8 1.161
St. Louis, Mo____ ____ 1.300 38.3 1.300
St. Paul, Minn________ 1.334 35.0 1.245
Salt Lake City, U tah ... 1.180 37.5 1.180
San Antonio, T ex.____ 1.120 40.0 1.120
San Francisco, Calif....... 1.327 37.5 1.300
Scranton, Pa.................... 1.269 39.0 1.269
Seattle, Wash.................. 1.336 35.0 1.286
South Bend, Ind............. 1.100 40.0 1.075
Spokane, Wash................ 1.160 37.5 1.120
Tampa, Fla...................... 1.080 37.5 1.080
Toledo, Ohio__________ 1.307 37.5 1.307
Washington, D. C .2____ 1.440: 35.0 1.440
Wichita, Kans________ 1.013 40.0 .975
Worcester, Mass.............. 1.125 40.0 1.125
Youngstown, Ohio......... 1.306j 37.5 1.306

40.0
37.5
40.0
37.5
«27.5
30.0
9 27.0
39.0
38.5
37.5
40.0
40.0
40.0
38.3
37.5
37.5
37.5
40.0
37.5
40.0
37.5
40.0
40.0
40.0
38.8
38.3
37.5
37.5
40.0
37.5
39.0
35.0
40.0
37.5
37.5
37.5
35.0
40.0
40.0
37.5

N EW SPAPER
COMPOSITORS, H AND : D A Y W ORK

Atlanta, Ga..................... $1.225 40.0 $1.150 1 40.0
Baltimore, Md................. 1.290 36.7 1.262 36.7
Binghamton, N. Y .2___ 1.125 40.0 1.125 40.0
Birmingham, Ala............ 1.125 40.0 I.O8O1 40.0
Boston, Mass_________ 1.400 37.5 1.400| 37.5
Buffalo, N. Y ................... 1.280 37.5 1.280| 37.5
Butte, M ont................ 1.225 35.0 1.225j 35.0
Charleston, S. C.............. 1.000 40.0 .950; 40.0
Charlotte, N. C............... 1.040 40.0 1. 020! 40.0
Chicago, 111........ .............. 1.600 36.3 1.572 36.3
Hebrew text. ............... 1.933 30.0 1.933 30.0
Polish text..................... 1.457 35.0 1.457 35.0
Swedish text................. 1.425 40.0 1.400 40.0
German text................. 1.350 7 30.0 1.350 7 24.0
Cincinnati, O hio........... 1.360 37.5 1.360 37.5
Cleveland, Ohio 2............ 1.353 37.5 1.353 37.5
Columbus, Ohio_______ 1.333 37.5 1.333 37.5
Dallas, Tex___________ 1.166 37.5 1.166 37.5
Davenport, Iowa. (See
Rock Island (111.) dis­
trict.)
Dayton, Ohio.................. 1.275 37.5 1.249 37.5
Denver, C o lo ................ 1.263 36.7 1.242 36.7
Des Moines, Iowa_____ 1.225 40.0 1.175 40.0
Detroit, Mich A _______ 1.467 37.5 1.450 37.5
German text________ 1.067 37.5 1.067 37.5
Duluth, Minn................. 1.190 35.5 1.161 36.0
El Paso, Tex._................. 1.150 37.5 1.150 37.5
Erie, Pa_____________ 1.230 37.5 1.230 37.5
Grand Rapids, Mich___ 1.200 40.0 1.150 40.0
Shopping News............ 1.125 40.0 1.025 40.0
Houston, T e x ................. 1.337 37.5 1.287 37.5
Indianapolis, Ind A ........ 1.290 37.5 1.280 37.5
Jacksonville, F la ............ 1.200 40.0 1.175 40.0
Kansas City, Mo.*.......... 1.226 37.5 1.226 37.5
Little Rock, A rk........... 1.010 36.3 .990 36.3
Los Angeles, Calif_____ 1.258 37.5 1.258 37.5
Louisville, Ky_............. 1.165 40.0 1.115 40.0
Madison, Wis.2................ 1.150 40.0 1.125 40.0
Manchester, N. H _____ 1.025 40.0 1.025 40.0
Memphis, Tenn.............. 1.200 37.5 1.045 37.5
Milwaukee, W is______ 1.340 37.5 1.340 37.5
Minneapolis, Minn____ 1.336- 33.3 1.336 33.3
Mobile, Ala___________ 1.050 37.5 1.000 37.5
See footnotes at end of table.




69

tJNION SCALES BY TRADES AND CITIES

T able 13.— Union Scales o f Wages and Hours in the Printing Trades in Selected Cities,
June I , 1941, and June I , 1940— Continued
N E W S P A P E R — Continued

COMPOSITORS, HAND: NIGHT WORK

Atlanta. Ga _____ $1,288
Baltimore, Md................ 1.358
Binghamton, N. Y .2___ 1.280
BirTningham, Ala
1.185
Boston,- M ass.............. 1.440
Buffalo, N. Y .................. 1.347
Butte, M ont................... 1.297
Charleston, S. C__^____ 1.060
Charlotte, N. C
1.100
C hicago, Til
1.710
Hebrew tex t-.............. 2.578
Polish text ______ 1.514
Cincinnati, Ohio
1.451
Cleveland, Ohio 2
1.482
Columbus, Ohio
1.422
Dallas, Tex
1.211
Davenport, Iowa. (See
Rock Island( 111.) dis­
trict.)
D a y ton , O hio
1.340
Denver, Colo.................. 1.337
D es M oin es, Towa
1.315
Detroit, Mich .2________ 1.547
Duluth, Minn................. 1.261
El Paso, Tex.................... 1.217
Erie, Pa
1.310
Grand Rapids, Mich— 1.250
Shopping News______ 1.175
Houston, Tex _________ 1.443
Indianapolis, Ind.2_........ 1.390
Jacksonville, F la
1.275
Kansas City, Mo .2
1.306
1.080
Little Rock, Ark
Tins Angeles, Calif
1.324
TjOiiisville, K y
1.233
Madison, Wis.2__........... 1.213
Manchester, N. FT
1.100
Memphis, Tenn
1. 267
Milwaukee, Wis
1.470
Minneapolis, Minn____ 1.416

40.0 $1.213
36.7 1.330
37.5 1.280
40.0 1.140
37.5 1.440
37.5 1.347
35.0 1.297
40.0 1.010
40.0 1.080
36.3 1.683
22.5 2. 578
35.0 1. 514
37.5 1.451
37.5 1.482
37.5 1.422
37.5 1.211

40.0
36.7
37.5
40.0
37.5
37.5
35.0
40.0
40.0
36.3
22.5
35.0
37.5
37.5
37.5
37.5

37.5
36.7
40.0
37.5
35.5
37.5
37.5
40.0
40.0
37.5
37.5
40.0
37.5
36.3
37.5
40.0
40.0
40.0
37.5
37.5
33.3

37.5
36.7
40.0
37.5
36.0
37.5
37.5
40.0
40.0
37.5
37.5
40.0
37.5
36.3
37.5
40.0
40.0
40.0
37.5
37.5
33.3

1.313
1.317
1.265
1.530
1.233
1.217
1.310
1.200
1.075
1.353
1.380
1.250
1.306
1.060
1.324
1.183
1.188
1.100
1.115
1.470
1.416

Hours per week

Rates of wages
per hour

City

Hours per week

Hours per week

Rates of wages
per hour

Hours per week

Rates of wages
per hour

City

Rates of wages
per hour

June 1,1941 June 1,1940

June 1,1941 June 1,1940

Mobile, Ala___________ $1.120 37.5 $1.070 37.5
Moline, HI. (See Rock
Island (111.) district.)
Nashville, Tenn .2............ 1.135 40.0 1.110 40.0
Newark, N . J ____ ____ 1.587 37.5 1.533 37.5
New Haven. Conn____ 1.188 38.5 1.117 38.5
New York, N. Y ______ 1.640 37.5 1.640 37.5
Hebrew text _______ 3.000 ii 20.0 3 000 n 20.0
Italian text__________ 2.097 30.0 2.097 30.0
Norfolk, Va_____ ____ 1.213 40.0 1.155 40.0
Oklahoma City, Okla... 1.156 40.0 1.125 40.0
Omaha, Nebr_________ 1.216 40.0 1.216 40.0
Peoria, 111____________ 1.235 38.3 1.235 38.3
Philadelphia, Pa_........... 1.346 37.5 1.307 37.5
German text____!____ 1.125 40.0 1.125 40.0
Phoenix, Ariz_________ 1.220 37.5 1.180 37.5
Pittsburgh, Pa.2-............. 1.422 37.5 1.422 37.5
Portland, M aine............ 1.150 40.0 1.150 40.0
Portland, Oreg________ 1.310 36.3 1.267 37.5
Providence, R. I ______ 1.400 40.0 1.400 40.0
Reading, Pa---------------- 1.315 35.0 1.285 35.0
Richmond, V a..... .......... 1.150 40.0 1.138 40.0
Rochester, N. Y .2_____ 1.265 40.0 1.240 40.0
Rock Island (Til.) dis­
trict___ _______ _ 1.213 38.8 1.213 38.8
St. Louis, M o ......... ....... 1.444 37.5 1.444 37.5
St. Paul, Minn------------ 1.417 io 35.0 1.325 37.5
Salt Lake City, TJtah... 1.266 37.5 1.266 37. 5
San Antonio, Tex. ___ 1.180 40.0 1.180 40.0
San Francisco, Calif___ 1.393 37.5 1.367 37.5
Scranton, Pa_______ __ 1.346 39.0 1.346 39.0
Seattle, Wash ________ 1.407 35.0 1.357 35.0
South Bend, Ind______ 1.163 40.0 1.138 40.0
Spokane, Wash_______ 1.227 37.5 1.187 37.5
Tampa, Fla....... .......... . 1.173 37.5 1.173 37.5
Toledo, Ohio.-................ 1.380 37.5 1.380 37.5
Washington, D. C .2____ 1.583 35.0 1. 583 35.0
Wichita, Kans________ 1.075 40.0 1.038 40.0
Worcester, Mass______ 1.188 40.0 1.188 40.0
Youngstown, Ohio------- 1.373 37.5 1.373 37.5

MACHINE OPERATORS: DAY WORK
Atlanta, G a.................... $1,225
Baltimore, Md............ 1.290
Binghamton, N. Y .2___ 1.125
Birmingham, Ala............ 1.125
Boston, Mass.................. 1.400
Buffalo, N. Y.:
Machinist-operators... 1.325
Butte, Mont__________ 1.225
Charleston, S. C.............. 1.000
Charlotte, N. C_______ 1.040
Chicago, 111.................... 1.600
Hebrew text................. 1.933
Polish text.................... 1.569
Swedish text................. 1.460
German text............... 1.385
Cincinnati, Ohio......... 1.360
Cleveland, Ohio 2............ 1.353
Columbus, Ohio.............. 1.333
Dallas, T e x .................... (12)

40.0 $1.150
36.7 1.262
40.0 1.125
40.0 1.080
37.5 1.400
37.5 1.325
35.0 1.225
40.0 .950
40.0 1.020
36.3 1.572
30.0 1.933
32.5 1.569
40.0 1.435
7 30.0 1.385
37.5 1.360
37.5 1.353
37.5 1.333
30.0 (12)

See footnotes at end of table.




40.0
36.7
40.0
40.0
37.5
37.5
35.0
40.0
40.0
36.3
30.0
32.5
40.0
7 24.0
37.5
37.5
37.5
30.0

Davenport, Iowa. (See
Rock Island (111.) dis­
trict.)
Dayton, Ohio-------------- $1,275
Denver, Colo ............... 1.263
Des Moines, Iowa_____ 1.225
Detroit, Mich.2. ........... 1.467
German text............. 1.067
Machinist-operators. 1.147
Duluth, M inn................ 1.190
El Paso, Tex.................... 1.150
Erie, Pa. .................... 1.230
Grand Rapids, Mich___ 1.200
Shopping News............ 1.125
Houston, Tex_................ 1.337
Indianapolis, Ind .2.......... 1.290
Jacksonville, F la ............ 1.200
Kansas City, Mo .2.......... 1.226
Little Rock, Ark............. 1.030

37.5 $1,249
36.7 1.242
40.0 1.175
37.5 1.450
37.5 1.067
37.5 1.147
35.5 1.161
37.5 1.150
37.5 1.230
40.0 1.150
40.0 1.025
37.5 1.287
37.5 1.280
40.0 1.175
37.5 1.226
36.3 1.030

37.5
36.7
40.0
37.5
37.5
37.5
36.0
37.5
37.5
40.0
40.0
37.5
37.5
40.0
37.5
36.3

70

T able

UNION WAGES AND HOURS— PRINTING TRADES
13

.— Union Scales of Wages and Hours in the Printing Trades in Selected Cities,
June I, 1941, and June 1, 1940— Continued
N E W S P A P E R — Continued

1,258 37.5 $1.258 37.5
K y................. 1.165 40.0 1.115 40.0
.2
1.150 40.0 1.125 40.0
1.025 40.0 1.025 40.0
1.200 37.5
1.340 37.5 1.340 37.5
1.336 33.3 1.336 33. 3"
1.050 37.5 1.000 37.5
111 (See
111
1.065 40.0 1.040 40.0
.2
1.520 37.5 1.467 37.5
1.113 40.0 1.075 40.0
Y ............. 1.573 37.5 1.573 37.5
2.181 8 27.5 2.181 8 27.5
1.967 30.0 1.967 30.0
1.667 9 27.0 1.667 •27.0
1.257 35.0 1. 218 39.0
Bohemian and Sla­
vonic text.................. 1.104 38.5 1.052 38.5
Hellenic text_________ 1.093 37.5 1.093 37.5
German text_________ 1.573 37.5 1. 573 37.5
Norfolk, Va___________ 1.150 40.0 1.093 40.0
Oklahoma City, O kla... 1.094 40.0 1.063! 40.0
Omaha, N ebr...... ............ 1.150 40.0 1.150 40.0
Peoria, 111.......................... 1.170 38.3 1.1701 38.3
Philadelphia, Pa............. 1.270 37.5 1. 231! 37.5
German text................. 1.063 40.0 1. 063' 40.0

Los Angeles, Calif........... $
Louisville,
Madison, W is ................
Manchester, N . H --------Memphis, Tenn________
Milwaukee, W is..............
Minneapolis, M in n ........
M obile, A la____________
Moline,
.
R ock
Island ( .) district.)
Nashville, Tenn ---------Newark, N . J ..................
N ew Haven, Conn.........
N ew York, N .
Hebrew text. ...............
Italian text....................
Russian text____ _____
Hungarian text ...........

Phoenix, Ariz.................. $1.150
Pittsburgh, Pa .2.............. 1.355
Portland, Maine............. 1.075
Portland, Oreg . . ............ 1.241
Providence, R. I ............ 1.300
Reading, Pa..................... 1.182
Richmond, Va................ 1.088
Rochester, N. Y.2__........ 1.200
German text _______ .800
Rock Island (111.) dis­
trict................... ........... 1.161
St. Louis, M o ................ 1.300
St. Paul, Minn.. _____ 1.334
Salt Lake City, Utah___ (13)
San Antonio, T ex........... (14)
San Francisco, Calif___ 1.327
Scranton, Pa _________ 1.269
Machinist-operators— 1.296
Seattle, W ash................. 1.336
South Bend, Ind............. 1.100
Spokane, Wash................ 1.160
Tampa, F la.................... 1.080
Toledo, Ohio__________ 1.307
Washington, D. C .2____ 1.440
Wichita, Kans...... .......... 1.013
Worcester, Mass_______ 1.125
Youngstown, Ohio.......... 1.306

37.5 $1. Ill
37.5 1.355
40.0 1.075
36.3 1.200
40.0 1.300
37.5 1.156
40.0 1.075
40.0 1.175
40.0 .875
38.8 1.161
38.3 1.300
35.0 1.245
35.0 (IS)
40.0 (14)
37.5 1.300
39.0 1.269
39.0 1.296
35.0 1.286
40.0 1.075
37.5 1 .1 2 0
37.5 1.080
37.5 1.307
35.0 1.440
40.0 .975
40.0 1.125
37.5 1.306

Hours per week

City

Rates of wages
per hour

June 1,1941 June 1,1940
Hours per week

1,1940

Rates of wages
per hour

June

Hours per week

| Hours per week

C ity

1,1941

Rates of wages
per hour

June

Rates of wages
per hour

M ACH IN E OPERATORS: D A Y W ORK— Continued

37.5
37.5
40.0
37.5
40.0
37.5
40.0
40.0
40.0
38.8
38.3
37.5
35.0
40.0
37.5
39.0
39.0
35.0
40.0
37.5
37.5
37.5
35.0
40.0
40.0
37.5

j

MACHINE OPERATORS: NIGHT WORK
Atlanta, Qa.._................. $1.288
Baltimore, Md_........... . 1.358
Binghamton, N. Y .2___ 1.280
Birmingham, Ala............ 1.185
Boston, M ass................ 1.440
Buffalo, N. Y.:
Machinist-operators__ 1.369
Butte, M ont................... 1.297
Charleston, S. C.............. 1.060
Charlotte, N. C........... . 1.100
Chicago, 111....................... 1.710
Hebrew text.................. 2.578
Polish text..................... 1.631
Cincinnati, Ohio............. 1.451
Cleveland, Ohio 2............ 1.482
Columbus, Ohio.............. 1.422
(15)
Dallas, Tex..................
Davenport, Iowa. (See
Rock Island (111.) dis­
trict.)
Dayton, Ohio................... 1.340
Denver, Colo................... 1. 337
Des Moines, Iowa........... 1.315
Detroit, Mich .2................ 1.547
Duluth, Minn.................. 1.261
El Paso, Tex.................... 1.217
Erie, Pa............................. 1.310
Grand Rapids, Mich___ 1.250
Shopping News............ 1.175
Houston, Tex................... 1.443
Indianapolis, Ind .2.......... 1.390

i

40.0 $1. 213'!
36.7i 1.330 1
37.5 1. 280,
40.0 1.140
37.5 1.440
37.5 1.369
35.0 1.297
40.0 1.010
40.0 1.080
36.3 1.683
22.5 2. 578
32.5 1.631
37.5 1.451
37.5 1.482
37.5 1.422
30.0 (15)

40.0
36.7
37.5
40.0
37.5
37.5
35.0
40.0
40.0
36.3
22.5
32.5
37.5
37.5
37.5
30.0

37.5
36.7
40.0
37.5
35.5
37.5
37.5
40.0
40.0
37.5
37.5

37.5
36.7
40.0
37.5
36.0
37.5
37.5
40.0
40.0
37.5
37.5

See footnotes at end of table.




1.313
1.317
1.265
1.530i
1. 233:
1. 217
1. 310
1.200
1.075
1.353
1.380

Jacksonville, Fla_______ $1.275 40.0 $1.250 40.0
Kansas City, Mo .2_____ 1.306 37.5 1.306 37.5
Little Rock, Ark............. 1.100 36.3 1.100 36.3
Los Angeles, Calif_____ 1.324 37.5 1.324 37.5
Louisville, K y................. 1.233 40.0 1.183 40.0
Madison, Wis.2 ............. 1.213' 40.0 1.188 40.0
Manchester, N. H _____ 1.100 ! 40.0 1.100 40.0
Memphis, Tenn.............. 1.267 37.5
Milwaukee, W is............. 1.470 37.5 1.470 37.5
Minneapolis, Minn........ 1.416 33.3 1.416 33.3
Mobile, Ala_____ _____ 1.120 37.5 1.070 37.5
Moline, 111. (See Rock
Island (111.) district.)
Nashville, Tenn .2............ 1.135 40.0 1.110 40.0
Newark, N. J .................. 1.587 37.5 1.533 37.5
New Haven, Conn.......... 1.188 38.5 1.117 38.5
New York, N. Y__.......... 1.640 37.5 1.640 37.5
Hebrew text................ 3.000 » 20.0 3.000 » 20.0
Italian text____ _____ 2.097 30.0 2.097 30.0
Hungarian text............ 1.321 35.0 1.282 39.0
German text________ 1.640 37.5 1.640 37.5
Norfolk, Va_____ _____ 1.213 40.0 1.155 40.0
Oklahoma City, O kla... 1.156 40.0 1.125 40.0
Omaha, Nebr.................. 1.216 40.0 1.216 40.0
Peoria, 111_____________ 1.235 38.3 1.235 38.3
Philadelphia, P a ........... 1.346 37.5 1.307 37.5
German text................. 1.125 40.0 1.125 40.0
Phoenix, Ariz_________ 1.220 37.5 1.180 37.5
Pittsburgh, Pa .2............... 1.422 37.5 1.422 37.5
Portland, Maine_______ 1.150 40.0 1.150 40.0
Portland, Oreg................. 1.310 36.3 1.267 37.5

71

UNION SCALES BY TRADES AND CITIES

T able 13.— Union Scales o f Wages and Hours in the Printing Trades in Selected Cities,
June I , 1941, and June I , 1940— Continued
N E W S P A P E R — Continued
M ACHIN E OPERATORS: N IG H T W ORK— Continued

Providence, R. I ______ $1,400 40.0 $1,400
Reading, Pa..................... 1.315 35.0 1.285
Richmond, Ya________ 1.150 40.0 1.138
Rochester, N. Y .2........... 1.265 40.0 1.240
Rock Island (HI.) dis­
trict _____________ 1.213 38.8 1.213
St. Louis, Mo_________ 1.444 37.5 1.444
io 35.0 1.325
St. Paul, Minn________ 1.417
35.0 (16)
Salt Lake City, U tah ... (16)
San Antonio, Tex_____ (17) 40.0 (17)
San Francisco, Calif....... 1.393 37.5 1,367

40.0
35.0
40.0
40.0
38.8
37.5
37.5
35.0
40.0
37.5

Scranton, Pa__________ $1,346
Machinist-operators... 1.372
Seattle, Wash_________ 1.407
South Bend, Ind______ 1.163
Spokane, Wash................ 1.227
Tampa, Fla______ ____ 1.173
Toledo, Ohio__________ 1.380
Washington, D. C .2____ 1.583
Wichita, Kans................. 1.075
Worcester, Mass______ 1.188
Youngstown, Ohio_____ 1.373

Hours per week

1 Rates of wages
per hour

City

Hours per week

June 1,1941 June 1,1940
Rates of wages
per hour

Hours per week

Rates of wages
per hour

Hours per week

City

Rates of wages
per hour

June 1,1941 June 1,1940

39.0 $1,346
39.0 1.372
35.0 1.357
40.0 1.138
37.5 1.187
37.5 1.173
37.5 1.380
35.0 1.583
40.0 1.038
40.0 1.188
37.5 1.373

39.0
39.0
35.0
40.0
37.5
37.5
37.5
35.0
40.0
40.0
37.5

Minneapolis, Minn........ $1,336 33.3 $1.336
Moline, 111. (See Rock
Island (HI.) district.)
Nashville, Tenn .2_____ 1.065 40.0 1.040
Newark, N. J_________ 1.520 37.5 1.467
New Haven, Conn____ 1.144 40.0 1.113
New York, N. Y.:
1-12 machines. _____ 1.524 37.5 1.524
13 or more machines... 1.580 37.5 1.580
Hellenic text......... ....... 1.093 37.5 1.093
Norfolk, Va___________ 1.150 40.0 1.093
Oklahoma City, Okla... 1.094 40.0 1.063
Omaha, N ebr................. 1.150 40.0 1.150
Peoria. Ill______ _____ _ 1.170 38.3 1.170
Philadelphia, Pa---------- 1.270 37.5 1.231
Phoenix, Ariz.................. 1.220 37.5 1.180
Pittsburgh, Pa .2.............. 1.355 37.5 1.355
Portland, Maine............. 1.075 40.0 1.075
Portland, Oreg................ 1.241 36.3 1.200
Providence, R. I ............. 1.300 40.0 1.300
Reading, P a ................ 1.235 37.5 1.208
Richmond, Va________ 1.088 40.0 1.075
Rochester, N. Y .2_____ 1.200 40.0 1.175
Rock Island (111.) dis­
trict____________ ___ 1.213 38.8 1.213
St. Louis, M o___ _____ 1.300 38.3 1.300
St. Paul, M inn............... 1.334 1035.0 1.245
Salt Lake City, U tah ... 1.180 37.5 1.180
San Antonio, Tex.......... 1.120 40.0 1.120
San Francisco, Calif....... 1.327 37.5 1.300
Seattle, W ash................ 1.336 35.0 1.286
South Bend, Ind............. 1.100 40.0 1.075
Spokane, Wash............... 1.227 37.5 1.187
Toledo, Ohio................ . 1.307 37.5 1.307
Washington, D. C .2____ 1.440 35.0 1.440
Wichita, Kans................. 1.205 40.0 1.130
Worcester, Mass......... 1.125 40.0 1.125
Youngstown, Ohio_____ 1.306 37.5 1.306

33.3

M ACH IN E TE N D ER S (M ACH IN ISTS): D A Y W ORK

Atlanta, Ga.................... $1. 225
Baltimore, Md................ 1.290
Binghamton, N. Y .2___ 1.125
Birmingham, Ala............ 1.125
Boston, M ass................ 1.400
Buffalo, N. Y .„ ........... . 1.369
Butte, Mont.................... 1.296
Charleston, S. C......... 1.040
Charlotte, N. C............ 1.040
Chicago, 111.................. 1.600
Polish te x t.............. 1.569
German text................. 1.485
Cincinnati, Ohio........... 1.360
Cleveland, Ohio 2............ l. 353
Columbus, Ohio_______ 1.333
Dallas, Tex....................... 1.166
Davenport, Iowa. (See
Rock Island (HI.) dis­
trict.)
Dayton, Ohio.................. 1.275
Denver, Colo_________ 1.263
Des Moines, Iowa........... 1.225
Detroit, Mich .2............... 1.467
Duluth, Minn................. 1.190
El Paso, Tex.:
Head machinists____ 1.283
Erie, Pa--------------------- 1.283
Grand Rapids, Mich— 1.200
Houston, Tex.................. 1.337
Indianapolis, Ind .2.......... 1.290
Jacksonville, Fla........... 1.200
Kansas City, Mo .2......... 1.226
Little Rock, Ark............. 1.030
Los Angeles, Calif........... 1.258
Louisville, K y................. 1.165
Madison, Wis.2............... 1.150
Manchester, N. H-------- 1.025
Memphis, Tenn.............. 1.200
Milwaukee, Wis........... 1.340

40.0 $1.150
36.7 1.262
40.0 1.125
40.0 1.080
37.5 1.400
37.5 1.369
35.0 1.296
40.0 990
40.0 1.020
36.3 1.572
32.5 1.569
*30.0 1.485
37.5 1.360
37.5 1.353
37.5 1.333
37.5 1.166
37.5
36.7
40.0
37.5
35.5
37.5
37.5
40.0
37.5
37.5
40.0
37.5
36.3
37.5
40.0
40.0
40.0
37.5
37.5

1.249
1.242
1.175
1.450
1.161
1.283
1.283
1.150
1. 287
1.280
1.175
1.226
1.030
1.258
1.115
1.125
1.025
1.161
1.340

40.0
36.7
40.0
40.0
37.5
37.5
35.0
40.0
40.0
36.3
32.5
7 30.0
37.5
37.5
37.5
37.5
37.5
36.7
40.0
37.5
36.0
37.5
37.5
40.0
37.5
37.5
40.0
37.5
36.3
37.5
40.0
40.0
40.0
37.5
37.5

40.0
37.5
40.0
37.5
37.5
37.5
40.0
40.0
40.0
38.3
37.5
37.5
37.5
40.0
37.5
40.0
37.5
40.0
40.0
38.8
38.3
37.5
37.5
40.0
37.5
35.0
40.0
37.5
37.5
35.0
40.0
40.0
37.5

M ACHIN E TEND ERS (M ACHIN ISTS): N IG H T W ORK

Atlanta, Ga........... .
Baltimore, Md------Binghamton, N. Y.2.
Birmingham, A la...

$1,288
1.358
1.280
1.185

40.0 $1.213
36.7 1.330
37.5 1.280
40.0 1.140

See footnotes at end of table.




40.0
36.7
37.5
40.0

Boston, M ass.—
Buffalo, N. Y —
Butte, Mont—
Charleston, S. C

.$1,440
. 1.369
. 1.368
. 1.100

37.5 $1,440
37.5 1.369
35.0 1.368
40.0 1.050

37.5
37.5
35.0
40.0

72

T able

UNION WAGES AND HOURS'— PRINTING TRADES
13

.— Union Scales of Wages and Hours in the Printing Trades in Selected Cities,
June 1, 1941, and June 1, 1940— C ontinued
N E W S P A P E R — Continued
M ACHIN E TE N D ER S (M ACHIN ISTS): N IG H T W ORK— Continued

Charlotte, N. C_______ $1.100
Chicago, 111___________ 1.710
Polish text__________ 1.631
Cincinnati, Ohio---------- 1.451
Cleveland, Ohio 2........... 1.482
Columbus, Ohio......... 1.422
Dallas, Tex...................... 1.211
Dayton, Ohio.................. 1.340
Denver, Colo------------ - 1.337
Des Moines, Iowa_____ 1.315
Detroit, Mich,2. ............. 1.547
Duluth, Minn................. 1.261
El Paso, T ex.................. 1.217
Erie, Pa_________ ____ 1.363
Grand Rapids, Mich___ 1.250
Houston, T ex................. 1.443
Indianapolis, Ind .2......... 1.390
Jacksonville, Fla______ 1.275
Kansas City, Mo .2.......... 1.306
Little Rock, Ark______ 1.100
Los Angeles, Calif.......... 1.324
Louisville, K y .............. . 1.233
Manchester, N. H ......... 1.100
Memphis, Tenn_______ 1.267
Milwaukee, Wis_______ 1.470
Minneapolis, Minn......... 1.416
Mobile, Ala___________ 1.120
Nashville, Tenn .2______ 1.135
Newark, N. J ___ ___ 1.587''
Atlanta, Ga..................... $0,800
Baltimore, Md_........... . .825
Birmingham, Ala............ .750
Boston, M ass................. 1.063
Buffalo, N. Y__............... .800
Chicago, 111..-............... 1.021
Inserters and stuffers. . .925
Stencil makers............ .700
Cincinnati, Ohio............. 1.026
Cleveland, Ohio.............. 1.000
Shopping News............ 1.267
Columbus, Ohio_______ .825
Dallas, Tex...................... .600
Denver, Colo.................... .894
Des Moines, Iowa........... 1.018
Detroit, Mich.................. 1.075
Duluth, Minn.:
Machine mailers.......... .885
Hand mailers............... .810
El Paso, Tex.................... .825
Grand Rapids, Mich___ .800
Houston, Tex — ............. .775
Indianapolis, Ind............ 1.036
Jacksonville, Fla............. .675
Kansas City, Mo______ .950
Little Rock, Ark............. .550
Los Angeles, Calif........... .975
Louisville, K y................. .850
Manchester, N. H .......... .985
Memphis, Tenn............. 1.000
Milwaukee, Wis ............ 1.000
Minneapolis, Minn .2___ .938
Nashville, Tenn.............. .675
Newark, N. J ................ 1.067

Hours per week

Rates of wages
per hour

Hours per week
1

City

Rates of wages 1
per hour

June 1,1941 June 1,1940

1

Hours per week

40.0 $1,080 40.0
36.3 1.683 36.3
32.5 1.631 32.5
37.5 1.4511! 37.5
37.5 1.482! 37.5
37.5 1.422 37.5
37.5 1.211 37.5
37.5 1.313 37.5
36.7 1.317 36.7
40.0 1.265 40.0
37.5 1.530 37.5
35.5 1.233 36.0
37.5 1.217 37.5
37.5 1.363 37.5
40.0 1.200 40.0
37.5 1.353 ; 37.5
37.5 1.380 37.5
40.0 1.250 40.0
37.5 1.306; 37.5
36.3 1.1001! 36.3
37.5 1.324 37.5
40.0 1.183, 40.0
40.0 1.100 i 40.0
37.5 1.230| 37.5
37.5 1.470| 37.5
33.3 1.416; 33.3
37.5 1.070! 37.5
40.0 1.110 ! 40.0
37.5 1.533 37.5
MAILERS:
l
1
40.0 $0,750 40.0
40.0 .800 1 40.0
40.0 .725I 40.0
40.0 1.020 40.0
40.0 . 750 40.0
40.0 .990 40.0
40.0 .888 40.0
40.0 .600 40.0
38.8 .970 40.0
40.0 1.000 40.0
36.7 1.267 36.7
40.0 .800 40.0
40.0 .600 40.0
40.0 .875 40.0
40.0 .985 40.0
40.0 1.050 40.0
40.0 .875 40.0
40.0 .800 40.0
40.0 .788 40.0
40.0 .750 40.0
40.0 .750 40.0
38.0 1.036 38.0
40.0 .600i 40.0
40.0 .950! 40.0
40.0 .500 40.0
37.5 .975 37.5
40.0 .800 40.0
40.0 .985 40.0
40.0 1.027 37.5
37.5 1.000 37.5
40.0 .938 40.0
40. o: .625 40.0
37.5 1.067!i 37.5

See footnotes at end of table.




Rates of wages
per hour

| Hours per week

City

Rates of wages
per hour

June 1,1941 June 1,1940

New Haven, Conn......... $1.221
New York, N. Y.:
1-12 machines_______ 1.635
13 or more machines... 1.691
Norfolk, V a___________ 1.213
Oklahoma City, O kla... 1.156
Omaha, Nebr................ 1.216
Peoria, 111______ ______ 1.235
Philadelphia, Pa........... 1.346
Phoenix, Ariz_________ 1.290
Pittsburgh, Pa .2.............. 1.422
Portland, Maine............. 1.150
Portland, Oreg________ 1.310
Providence, R. I ............. 1.400
Reading, Pa ................ 1.371
Richmond, V a................ 1.150
Rochester, N. Y .2......... 1.265
St. Louis, Mo................ 1.444
St. Paul, Minn........ ....... 1.417
Salt Lake City, U tah ... 1.266
San Antonio, Tex_____ 1.180
San Francisco, Calif___ 1.393
Seattle, Wash................ . 1.407
Spokane, Wash........ ....... 1.294
Toledo, Ohio__________ 1.380
Washington, D. C .2........ 1.583
Wichita, Kans................. 1.205
Worcester, Mass______ 1.188
Youngstown, Ohio____ 1.373
DAY WORK

38.5 $1.156
37.5 1.635
37.5 1.691
40.0 1.155
40.0 1.125
40.0 1.216
38.3 1.235
37.5 1.307
37.5 1.249
37.5 1.422
40.0 1.150
36.3 1.267
40.0 1.400
35.0 1.342
40.0 1.138
40.0 1.240
37.5 1.444
1035.0 1.325
37.5 1.266
40.0 1.180
37.5 1.367
35.0 1.357
37.5 1.254
37.5 1.380
35.0 1.583
40.0 1.130
40.0 1.188
37.5 1.373

38.5
37.5
37.5
40.0
40.0
40.0
38.3
37.5
37.5
37.5
40.0
37.5
40.0
35.0
40.0
40.0
37.5
37.5
37.5
40.0
37.5
35.0
37.5
37.5
35.0
40.0
40.0
37. 5

New York, N. Y______ $1.151
Machine stampers___ 1.285
Hand stampers ........... 1.218
Oklahoma City, Okla._- .900
Peoria, 111......................... .700
Philadelphia, Pa.:
Agreement A________ .987
Agreement B________ .987
Agreement C__............. .975
Agreement D 2............. .850
Pittsburgh, Pa................ 1.000
Portland, Maine:
Lay-out men................ .750
Bench workers............. .625
Portland, Oreg................. 1.088
Rochester, N. Y _______ .775
St. Louis, Mo.................. .998
St. Paul, Minn .2............. .930
Salt Lake City, U tah ... .820
Foremen....................... .880
San Francisco, Calif....... 1.050
Seattle, Wash.2................ 1.013
Spokane, Wash________ .880
Toledo, Ohio2................... 1.033
Washington, D. C.:
Agreement A................ .900
Agreement B:
First year_________ .500
Second year............... .550
Third year................. .650
Fourth year............... .750
Wichita, Kans ............... .550
Youngstown, Ohio.......... .900

37.5 $1,044
37.5 1.178
37.5 1. Ill
40.0 .885
40.0 .670
37.5 .987
37.5 .960
40.0 .975
40.0 .700
37.5 1.000
40.0 .750
40.0 .625
40.0 1.074
40.0 .750
40.0 .998
40.0 .930
40.0 .820
40.0 .880
37.5 1.023
37.5 1.013
40.0 .850
37.5 1.000
40.0 .900
40.0 .500
40.0 .550
40.0 .650
40.0 .750
40.0 .550
35.0 .900

37.5
37.5
37.5
40.0
40.0
37.5
37.5
40.0
40.0
37.5
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
37.5
37.5
40.0
37.5
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
35.0

73

UNION SCALES BY TRADES AND CITIES

T able 13.— Union Scales o f Wages and Hours in the Printing Trades in Selected Cities,
June 1, 1941, and June I , 1940— Continued
N E W SP A P E R — Continued

MAILERS: NIGHT WORK

Atlanta, Ga
____ $0,847
Baltimore, M d....... ....... .943
Birmingham, Ala........... .800
Boston, Mass
____ 1.103
Buffalo, N. Y ............... .907
Butte, Mont _______ 1.011
Foremen. ...................... 1. Ill
Chicago, Til
1.156
Inserters and stuffers.. .930
Rtonnil makers
.747
Cincinnati, Ohio
1.097
Cleveland, Ohio
1.143
Shopping N e w s_____ 1.394
Denver, Colo................... .986
Des Moines, Tnwa
1.125
Detroit, Mich _____ 1.175
Duluth, Minn.:
Machine mailers.......... .935
Hand mailers _____ .835
F l Paso, T er
.900
Grand Rapids, Mich___ .850
Houston, Tex
.805
Indianapolis, Ind______ 1.114
Transas City, Mo ____
.988
Little Rock, Ark.:
Rate A
.825
Rate B
.630
Rate C
____ .580
Los Angeles, Calif
1.010
_____
Louisville, K y
.910
Memphis, Tenn.............. 1.067

37.5 $0,797
35.0 ’ .914
40.0 .775
40.0 1.060
38.0 .800
37.5 .987
37.5 1.087
37.5 1.122
37.5 .890
37.5 .640
38.3 1.010
35.0 1.143
35.0 1.394
37.0 .966
40.0 1.068
40.0 1.150
40.0 .925
40.0 .825
40.0 .863
40.0 .800
40.0 .780
38.0 1.114
40.0 .988
40.0 .825
40.0 .630
40.0 .580
37.5 1.010
40.0 .850
37.5 1.027

37.5
35.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
37.5
37.5
37.5
37.5
37.5
40.0
35.0
35.0
37.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
38.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
37.5
40.0
37.5

Milwaukee, Wis.............. $1.100
Minneapolis, Minn.*___ 1.000
Nashville, Tenn.............. .675
Newark, N. J.................. 1.217
New York, N. Y............. 1.311
Hand stampers............ 1.383
Automatic machine
operators___ ____ _ 1.457
Oklahoma City, Okla... .950
Philadelphia, Pa......... 1.021
Pittsburgh, Pa________ 1.047
Portland, Oreg________ 1.160
Richmond, Va________ .700
Rochester, N. Y .............. .825
St. Louis, Mo____ ____ 1.140
St. Paul, Minn .2______ .980
Salt Lake City, U tah ... .850
Foremen--------- ------ .910
San Francisco, Calif....... 1.070
Seattle, Wash.2________ 1.086
Spokane, W ash.............. .930
Toledo, Ohio 2................. 1.067
Washington, D. C.:
Agreement A________ .950
Agreement B:
First year_________ .550
Second year_______ .600
Third year................. .700
Fourth year_______ .800
Wichita, Kans................. .600

Hours per week

Rates of wages
per hour

City

Hours per week

June 1,1941 June 1,1940
Rates of wages
per hour

Hours per week

Rates of wages
per hour

Hours per week

City

Rates of wages
per hour

June 1,1941 June 1,1940

37.5 $1.100
40.0 1.000
40.0 .625
34.5 1.217
34.5 1.195
34.5 1.268
34.5 1.341
40.0 .927
36.3 1.021
37.5 1.047
37.5 1.145
40.0 .650
40.0 .800
35.0 1.140
40.0 .980
40.0 .850
40.0 .910
37.5 1.043
35.0 1.086
40.0 .880
37.5 1.067
40.0 .950
40.0 .550
40.0 .600
40.0 .700
40.0 .800
40.0 .600

37.5
40.0
40.0
34.5
34.5
34.5
34.5
40.0
36.3
37.5
37.5
40.0
40.0
35.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
37.5
35.0
40.0
37.5
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0

40.0 $1.375
40.0 .900
37.5 1.787
40.0 1.350
40.0 1.363
40.0 1.313
37.5 1.573
40.0 1.500
40.0 1.375
40.0 1.525
40.0 1.500
38.0 1.184
40.0 1.469
40.0 1.400
40.0 1.250
40.0 1.310
37.5 1.370
40.0 1.450
37.5 1.410
40.0 1.000
37.5 1.600
37.5 1.548
40.0 1.200
40.0 1.375

40.0
40.0
37.5
40.0
40.0
40.0
37.5
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
38.0
40.0
40.0
42.0
42.0
37.5
40.0
39.0
40.0
37.5
38.8
40.0
40.0

PHOTOENGRAVERS: DAY WORK
$1.375
Atlanta, Ga
Baltimore, Md
1.475
1.467
Boston,
Mass...................
Buffalo, N Y
.. . _ 1.500
Chicago, 111........... .......... 1.667
Ciucirmati, Ohio ___ 1.500
Cleveland, Ohio
1.573
Rotogravure ........ 1.600
Columbus, Ohio............. 1.693
Davenport, Iowa. (See
Rock Island (111.) dis­
trict.)
Dayton, Ohio _ _ _
1.479
Denver, Colo _
1.313
Des Moines, Tnwa
1.425
Detroit, Mich
. . 1.600
Duluth, Minn................. 1.250
Grand Rapids, Mich— 1.230
Houston, Tex_________ 1.375
Indianapolis, Ind______ 1.467
Kansas City, M o______ 1.531
LOS Angeles, Calif_____ 1.350
Louisville, K y________ 1.300
Memphis, Tenn __ .. 1.375
Milwaukee, Wis_______ 1.533
Minneapolis, Minn.2— 1.375
Moline, 111. (See Rock
Island (HI.) district.)

40.0 $1.375
40.0 1.450
37.5 1.467
40.0 1.500
37.5 1.667
40.0 1.500
37.5 1.573
40.0 1.600
37.5 1.667

40.0
40.0
37.5
40.0
37.5
40.0
37.5
40.0
37.5

1.454
1.313
1.400
1.533
1.250
1.230
1.375
1.467
1.500
1.350
1.250
1.310
1.533
1.375

40.0
40.0
40.0
37.5
36.0
42.0
40.0
37.5
40.0
40.0
40.0
42.0
37.5
40.0

40.0
40.0
40.0
37.5
36.0
40.0
40.0
37.5
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
37.5
40.0

See footnotes at end of table.




Nashville, Tenn..... ........ $1.375
New Orleans, L a............ .950
New York, N. Y ............ 1.787
Oklahoma City, Okla.._ 1.350
Omaha, Nebr................... 1.363
Peoria, 111......................... 1.313
Philadelphia, Pa............. 1.573
Pittsburgh, Pa................. 1.500
Portland, Oreg................. 1.375
Providence, R. I ............. 1.525
Rochester, N. Y ............. 1.500
Rock Island (111.) dis­
trict................................ 1.184
St. Louis, Mo.................. 1.469
St. Paul, M inn............... 1.400
Salt Lake City, U tah ... 1.250
San Antonio, Tex........... 1.375
San Francisco, Calif----- 1.397
Seattle, W ash................ 1.500
Springfield, Mass............ 1.410
Tampa, Fla...................... 1.050
Toledo, Ohio.................... 1.600
Washington, D. C.......... 1.600
Wichita, Kans................. 1.250
Worcester, Mass............. 1.375

74

UNION WAGES AND HOURS'— PRINTING TRADES

T able 13.— Union Scales of Wages and Hours in the Printing Trades in Selected Cities,
June I, 1941, and June I, 1940— Continued
N E W SPAPER— Continued

PHOTOENGRAVERS: NIGHT WORK

Atlanta, Qa...................... $1,500
Baltimore, Md................ 1.625
Boston, Mass................... 1.600
Buffalo, N. Y ................... 1.625
Chicago, 111...................... 1.867
Cincinnati, Ohio............. 1.575
Cleveland, Ohio.............. 1.829
Rotogravure ............... 1.840
Columbus, Ohio.............. 1.827
Dayton, Ohio.................. 1.593
Denver, Colo................... 1.438
Des Moines, Iowa.......... 1.550
Detroit, Mich......... ........ 1.733
Duluth, Minn________ 1.350
Grand Rapids, Mich___ 1.410
Houston, Tex................... 1.500
Indianapolis, Ind............ 1.600
Kansas City, M o.......... . 1.606
Los Angeles, Calif_____ 1.460
Louisville, K y................. 1.353
Memphis, Tenn.............. 1.500
Milwaukee, Wis______ 1.667
Minneapolis, Minn.*___ 1.500
Nashville, Tenn.............. 1.375

40.0 $1.500
40,0 1.600
37.5 1.600
40.0 1.625
37.5 1.867
40.0 1.575
35.0 1.829
37.5 1.840
37.5 1.800j
40.0 1.568
40.0 1.438
40.0 1.525
37.5 1.667
36.0 1.350
40.0 1.410
40.0 1.500
37.5 1.600
40.0 1.575
37.5 1.460
40.0 1.303
40.0 1.500
37.5 1.667
40.0 1.500
40.0 1.375

40.0
40.0
37.5
40.0
37.5
40.0
35.0
37.5
37.5
40.0
40.0
40.0
37.5
36.0
42.0
40.0
37.5
40.0
37.5
40.0
40.0
37.5
40.0
40.0

Newark, N. J................. $2,000
New Haven, Conn......... 1.857
New Orleans, La............
New York, N. Y______ 1.000
2.080
Oklahoma City, Okla... 1.639
Omaha, Nebr................. 1.488
Peoria, 111....................... 1.438
Philadelphia, Pa............ 1.787
Pittsburgh, Pa............... 1.600
Portland, Oreg...............
Providence, R. I............ 1.450
Rochester, N. Y............. 1.625
1.625
St. Louis, M o ............... 1.678
St. Paul, Minn............. 1.525
Salt Lake City, Utah... 1.381
San Antonio, Tex_____ 1.500
San Francisco, Calif....... 1.467
Scranton, Pa.................. 1.667
Seattle, Wash................ 1.550
Springfield, Mass.......... 1.538
Tampa, Fla__________ 1.250
Toledo, Ohio.................. 1. 733
Washington, D. C____ 1.843
Worcester, Mass______ 1.500

37.5 $2,000
35.0 1.857
40.0 .950
37.5 2.080
36.0 1.639
40.0 1.488
36.5 1.438
37.5 1. 787
40.0 1.600
40.0 1.450
40.0 1.625
40.0 1. 625
38.0 1.678
40.0 1.525
40.0 1.381
40.0 1.429
37.5 1.440
36.0 1.667
40.0 1.500
37.5 1.538
40.0 1.250
37.5 1.733
35.0 1.779
40.0 1.500

Hours per week

Rates of wages
per hour

City

Hours per week

June 1,1941 June 1,1940
Rates of wages
per hour

Hours per week

Rates of wages
per hour

Hours per week

City

Rates of wages
per hour

June 1,1941 June 1,1940

37.5
35.0
40.0
37.5
36.0
40.0
36.5
37.5
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
38.0
40.0
42.0
42.0
37.5
36.0
40.0
39.0
40.0
37.5
36.3
40.0

JOURNEYMEN PRESSMEN: DAY WORK
Atlanta, Ga__................. $1.114 40.0 $1.114
Baltimore, Md............... 1.138 40.0 1.113
Binghamton, N. Y____ 1.125 40.0 1.125
Birmingham, Ala........... 1.063 40.0 1.031
Boston, Mass.:
Agreement A_______ 1.200 42.0 1.150
Agreement B.............. 1.260 40.0 1.150
Buffalo, N. Y................. 1.200 37.5 1.125
Color press.................. 1.125 40.0 1.125
Butte, Mont.................. 1.130 35.0 1.090
Charleston, W. Va......... 1.188 40.0 1.188
Charlotte, N. C.............. .940 40.0
Chicago, ill..................... 1.233 37.5 1.233
Cincinnati, Ohio2.......... 1.203 40.0 1.203
Cleveland, Ohio............ 1.181 40.0 1.181
Offset and color press. 1.248 40.0 1.248
Gravure....................... 1.288 40.0 1.250
1.470 37.5 1.470
Columbus, Ohio......... 1.169 40.0 1.169
Dallas,Tex.................. 1.113 37.5 1.060
Davenport, Iowa. (See
Rock Island (HI.)
district.)
Dayton, Ohio................. 1.200 40.0 1.175
Denver, Colo.................. 1.136 37.5 1.018
Des Moines, Iowa_____ 1.170 40.0 1.120
Detroit, Mich................. 1.304 38.3 1.266
Rotogravure......... ...... 1.370 38.3 1.304
Shopping News_____ 1.370 38.3 1.265
Duluth, Minn________ 1.125 40.0 1.125
El Paso, Tex.2................ 1.006 40.0 .988
Erie, Pa......................... 1.100 40.0 .927
Grand Rapids, Mich__ 1.050 40.0 1.000
Houston, Tex............ . 1.063 40.0 1.063
See footnotes at end of table.




40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
42.0
42.0
40.0
40.0
35.0
40.0
37.5
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
37.5
40.0
37.5
40.0
40.0
40.0
38.3
38.3
38.3
40.0
40.0
44.0
40.0
40.0

Indianapolis, Ind......... . $1,200 37.5 $1.150
Jacksonville, Fla______ 1.125 40.0 1.125 37.5
40.0
Kansas City, Mo........... 1.056 40.0
40.0
Little Rock, Ark............ .980 37.5 1.056
.844 48.0
Los Angeles, Calif.......... 1.147 37.5 1.147 37.5
Louisville, Ky................ 1.165 40.0 1.115 40.0
Madison, Wis............... 1.250 40.0 1.190
Manchester, N. H......... 1.025 40.0 1.025 42.0
40.0
Memphis, Tenn............. 1.180 37.5 1.133 37.5
Milwaukee, Wis............ 1.193 37.5 1.193 37.5
Color press.-............... 1.247 37.5 1.247 37.5
Minneapolis, Minn........ 1.134 40.0 1.134 40.0
Mobile, Ala____ _____ .980 40.0 .980 40.0
Moline, 111. (See Rock
Island (111.) district.)
Nashville, Tenn.2........... 1.025 40.0 1.000 40.0
Newark, N. J................ 1.367 37.5 1.333 37.5
New Haven, Conn......... 1.163 40.0 1.125
New Orleans, La............ .975 40.0 .813 40.0
New York, N. Y............ 1.433 1837.5 1.433 1840.0
37.5
Gravure...... ................ 1.344 440.0 1.344 40.0
Norfolk, Va__________ .988 40.0 .950 440.0
Oklahoma City, Okla.._ 1.063 40.0 1.031 40.0
Color press................. 1.125 40.0 1.094 40.0
Omaha, Nebr................. 1.110 40.0 1.110 40.0
Peoria, 111....................... 1.100 38.3 1.043
Color press.................. 1.075 40.0 1.025 38.3
Philadelphia, Pa............ 1.120 37.5 1.093 40.0
Rotogravure................ 1.141 40.0 1.115 37.5
Phoenix, Ariz..... ........... 1.150 37.5 1.110 40.0
Pittsburgh, Pa.2........... . 1.156 37.5 1.156 37.5
37.5
Portland, Maine............ 1.075 40.0 1.075 40.0
Portland, Oreg ........... 1.140 37.5 1.140 37.5
Providence, R. I............ 1.326 40.0 1.326 40.0

75

UNION SCALES B Y TRADES AND CITIES

T able

13

.— Union Scales of Wages and Hours in the Printing Trades in Selected Cities,
June 1, 1941, and June 1, 1940— Continued
N E W S P A P E R — Continued

JOURNEYMEN PRESSMEN: DAY WORK— Continued

Hours per week

Rates of wages
per hour

Hours per week

Hours per week

Rates of wages
per hour

Hours per week

Rates of wages
per hour

City

1

City

Rates of wages
per hour

June 1,1941 June 1,1940

June 1,1941 June 1,1940

Reading, Pa..................... $1.182
Richmond, Va................. 1.038
Rochester, N. Y.2._........ 1.175
Rock Island (111.) dis­
trict................................ 1.216
St. Louis, M o................. 1.094
St. Paul, Minn________ 1.144
Salt Lake City, U tah ... 1.067
San Antonio, T e x _____ 1.025
San Francisco, Calif___ 1.220
Scranton, Pa.—............... 1.164
Seattle, Wash.—........... . 1.200

37.5 $1.155
40.0 1.038
40.0 1.175
37.0 1.216
40.0 1.094
40.0 1.094
37.5 1.067
40.0 .938
37.5 1.220
40.0 1.154
37.5 1.200

37.5
40.0
40.0
37.0
40.0
40.0
37.5
40.0
37.5
40.0
37.5

Spokane, Wash............... $0,906
Springfield, Mass............ 1.031
Shopping News........... 1.000
Tampa, Fla...................... 1.080
Toledo, Ohio:
Agreement A 2............. 1.240
Agreement B .............. 1.207
Washington, D. C.......... 1.267
Wichita, Kans ............... .794
Worcester, Mass............. 1.050
Youngstown, Ohio.......... 1.125

40.0 $0,906
40.0 1.031
40.0 .960
37.5 1.080
37.5 1.207
37.5 1.207
37.5 1.267
40.0 .794
40.0 1.050
40.0 1.125

40.0
40.0
40.0
37.5
37.5
37.5
37.5
40.0
40.0
40.0

JOURNEYMEN PRESSMEN: NIGHT WORK
Atlanta, Ga...................... $1.188
Baltimore, M d— .......... 1.300
Binghamton, N. Y ......... 1.280
Birmingham, Ala............ 1.214
Boston, M ass................ 1.400
Buffalo, N. Y .................. 1.250
Color press:
Rate A....................... 1.188
Rate B....................... 1.267
Rate C........................ 1.357
Butte, Mont................... 1.219
Charleston, W. Va.......... 1.250
Charlotte, N. C .............. 1.000
Chicago, 111...................... 1.380
Cincinnati, Ohio 2-------- 1.225
Cleveland, Ohio---------- 1.350
Offset and color press. . 1.426
Gravure......................... 1.471
Columbus, Ohio.............. 1.219
Dallas, T e x ..................... 1.148
Dayton, Ohio................... 1.263
Denver, C olo................. 1.217
Des Moines, Iowa........... 1.250
Detroit, M ich„............... 1.429
Rotogravure................. 1.500
Shopping News............ 1.500
Duluth, Minn................. 1.200
El Paso, T ex2-------------- 1.006
Grand Rapids, Mich— 1.100
Houston, Tex.................. 1.214
Indianapolis, Ind__........ 1.280
Kansas City, M o........... 1.110
Little Rock, Ark ........... 1.150
Los Angeles, Calif.......... 1.229
Louisville, K y................. 1.233
Manchester, N. H -------- 1.100
Memphis, Tenn.............. 1.200
Milwaukee, Wis.............. 1.314
Color press....... ............ 1.371
Minneapolis, Minn........ 1.184
Mobile, Ala...................... 1.000

37.5 $1.188
35.0 1.271
37.5 1.280
35.0 1.179
36.0 1.342
38.0 1.179
40.0 1.188
37.5 1.267
35.0 1.357
35.0 1.125
40.0 1.250
40.0
35.0 1.380
40.0 1.225
35.0 1.350
35.0 1.426
35.0 1.429
40.0 1.219
37.5 1.093
40.0 1.238
35.5 1.158
40.0 1.200
36.0 1.386
35.0 1.429
36.0 1.386
40.0 1.200
40.0 .988
40.0 1.050
35.0 1.214
37.5 1.227
40.0 1.110
37.5 .906
35.0 1.229
40.0 1.183
40.0 1.100
37.5 1.153
35.0 1.314
35.0 1.371
40.0 1.184
40.0 1.000

See footnotes at end of table.




37.5
35.0
37.5
35.0
36.0
40.0
40.0
37.5
35.0
35.0
40.0
35.0
40.0
35.0
35.0
35.0
40.0
37.5
40.0
36.0
40.0
36.0
35.0
36.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
35.0
37.5
40.0
48.0
35.0
40.0
40.0
37.5
35.0
35.0
40.0
40.0

Nashville, Tenn2........... $1,093 37.5 $1,000 40.0
Newark, N. J „ ............. 1.594 34.5 1.536 34.5
New Haven, Conn........ 1.292 36.0 1.250 36.0
New Orleans, La........... 1.050 40.0 .888 37.5
New York, N. Y ............. 1.630 i®34.5 1.630 i®34.5
Color press.................... 1.666 19 35.0 1.666 i« 35.0
Gravure..... ................... 1.495 39.0 1.495 39.0
Norfolk, Va___________ 1.038 40.0 1.000 40.0
Oklahoma City, O kla... 1.125 40.0 1.063 40.0
Color press............... 1.188 40.0 1.125 40.0
Omaha, Nebr.................. 1.176 40.0 1.176 40.0
Peoria, HI......................... 1.125 38.3 1.043 38.3
Color press__________ 1.150 40.0 1.050 40.0
Philadelphia, Pa............. 1.275 34.5 1.246 34.5
Rotogravure____ ____ 1.256 40.0 1.228 40.0
Phoenix, Ariz................... 1.220 37.5 1.180 37.5
Pittsburgh, Pa.2.............. 1.223 37.5 1.223 37.5
Portland, Maine............. 1.150 40.0 1.150 40.0
Portland, Oreg................ 1.257 35.0 1.257 35.0
Providence, R. I............. 1.396 38.0 1.396 38.0
Reading, P a .................... 1.314 35.0 1.285 35.0
Richmond, Va._............. 1.094 40.0 1.094 40.0
Rochester, N. Y.2............ 1.259 40.0 1.259 40.0
St Louis, Mo_________ 1.250 35.0 1.250 35.0
St Paul, Minn________ 1.196 40.0 1.144 40.0
Salt Lake City, Utah:
First 6 months—.......... 1.067 37.5 1.067 37.5
After 6 months............. 1.133 37.5 1.133 37.5
San Antonio, Tex........... 1.025 40.0 .938 40.0
San Francisco, Calif....... 1.260 37.5 1.260 37.5
Scranton, Pa.................... 1.348 35.0 1.348 35.0
Seattle Wash.................... 1.286 35.0 1.286 35.0
Spokane, W ash.............. .938 40.0 .938 40.0
Springfield, M ass........... 1.031 40.0 1.031 40.0
Tampa, Fla...................... 1.200 37.5 1.173 37.5
Toledo, Ohio:
Agreement A 2.............. 1.273 37.5 1.273 37.5
Agreement B ................ 1.364 35.0 1.364 35.0
Washington, D. C.......... 1.367 37.5 1.367 37.5
Wichita, Kans................. .844 40.0 .844 40.0
Worcester, Mass.............. 1.200 35.0 1.200 35.0

76

UNION WAGES AND HOURS— PRINTING TRADES

T able 13.— Union Scales o f Wages and Hours in the Printing Trades in Selected Cities,
June I , 1941, and June I , 1940— Continued
N E W S P A P E R — Continued

PRESSMEN -IN-CHARGE: DAY WORK

Baltimore, M d................
Boston, Mass.:
Agreement A.......... .
Agreement B_____ ...
Buffalo, N. Y__..........—
Color press
__
Butte, Mont
___
Chicago, 111
Cincinnati, Ohio2..........
Cleveland, Ohio.............
Oraviire
Shopping News_____
Columbus, Ohio---------Dallas, Tex
Davenport, Iowa. (See
Rock Island (111.)
district.)
Dayton, Ohio
Denver, Colo
__
Detroit, Mich................
Color press— ...........
Rotogravure
Shopping News_____
Duluth, Minn
Erie, Pa
Houston, Tex _____
Indianapolis, Ind
,Taelrsnovi 11o, Ela
Kansas City, M o--------Color press
Little. Rock, Ark
Los Angeles, Calif-------Louisville, Kv
Madison, Wis_________
Manchester, N. H _____
Memphis, Tenn
__
Milwaukee, Wis
Minneapolis, Minn-----Moline, 111. (See Rock
Island (111.) district.)

$1.239
1.263
1.156
1.343
1.410
1.333
1.250
1.273
1.400
1.291
1. 313
1.418
1.600
1.294
1.247
1.294
1.236
1.435
1.500
1.565
1.565
1.200
1.250
1.125
1.330
1.375
1.119
1.244
1.067
1. 213
1.233
1.325
1.125
1.293
1.300
1.259

40.0 $1.239
40.0 1.238
40.0 1.125
42.0 1.293
40.0 1.293
37.5 1.250
40.0 1. 250
40.0 1. 233
37.5 1.400
40.0 1.291
40.0 1. 313
40.0 1.375
37.5 1.600
40.0 1.294
37.5 1.193

40.0
40.0
40.0
42.0
42.0
40.0
40.0
42.0
37.5
40.0
40.0
40.0
37.5
40.0
37. 5

40.0
37.5
38.3
38.3
38.3
38.3
40.0
40.0
40.0
37. 5
40.0
40.0
40.0
37.5
37.5
40.0
40.0
40.0
37.5
37.5
40.0

40.0
40.0
38.3
38.3
38.3
38.3
40.0
44.0
40.0
37.5
40.0
40.0
40.0
48.0
37.5
40.0
42.0
40.0
37.5
37.5
40.0

1. 269
1. Ill
1. 395
1.462
1. 500
1.461
1.200
.950
1.125
1.227
1.375
1.119
1.244
.875
1. 213
1.183
1. 262
1.125
1. 240
1.300
1. 259

Hours per week

Rates of wages
per hour

City

Hours per week

June 1,1941 June 1,1940
Rates of wages
per hour

Hours per week

Rates of wages
per hour

Hours per week

City

Rates of wages
per hour

June 1,1941 June 1,1940

Nashville, Tenn.2........... $1.150 40.0 $1.125 40.0
Newark, N. J................ . 1.567 37.5 1.533 37.5
New Haven, Conn_____ 1.313 40.0 1.275 40.0
New Orleans, L a ........... 1.088 40.0 .875 40.0
New York, N. Y ______ 1.633 is 37. 5 1. 633 is 37.5
Gravure____________ 1.531 4 40.0 1.531 4 40.0
Oklahoma City, Okla. . 1.188 40.0 1.156 49.0
Omaha, Nebr_________ 1.172 40.0 1.172 40.0
Peoria, 111_____ ____ 1.229 38.3 1.174 38.3
Color press ________ 1. 263 40.0 1. 213 40.0
Philadelphia, Pa............ 1.253 37.5 1.227 37.5
Rotogravure............... 1. 275 40.0 1.248 40.0
Pittsburgh, Pa.2_______ 1.223 37.5 1.223 37.5
Portland, Oreg________ 1.240 37.5 1.240 37.5
Providence, R. I ______ 1.402 40.0 1.402 40.0
Reading, P a ................... 1. 315 37.5 1. 288 37.5
Richmond, V a................ 1.163 40.0 1.163 40.0
Rochester, N. Y.2------- 1.269 40.0 1.269 40.0
Rock Island (111.) dis­
trict.
___________ 1.378 37.0 1.378 37.0
St. Louis, Mo_________ 1.199 40.0 1.199 40.0
St. Paul, Minn________ 1.289 40.0 1.219 40.0
Salt Lake City, Utah... 1.200 37.5 1.200 37.5
San Antonio, Tex .. ... 1.150 40.0 1.063 40.0
San Francisco, Calif___ 1.287 37.5 1.287 37.5
Scranton, Pa__________ 1.238 40.0 1.238 40.0
Seattle, W ash________ 1.333 37.5 1.333 37.5
Spokane, Wash_______ 1.031 40.0 1.031 40.0
Springfield, Mass______ 1.169 40.0 1.169 40.0
Tampa, F la __________ 1.213 37.5 1. 213 37.5
Toledo, Ohio:
Agreement A____-___ 1.353 37.5 1.353 37.5
Agreement B _______ 1.387 37.5 1.353 37.5
Assistant pressmenin-charge2 ______ 1.313 37. 5 1.280 37.5
Washington, D. C-------- 1.400 37.5 1.400 37.5
Wichita, Kans................. .856 40.0 .856 40.0
Worcester, Mass______ 1.175 40.0 1.175 40.0
Youngstown, Ohio_____ 1.250 40.0 1. 250 40.0

PRESSMEN-IN-CHARGE: NIGHT WORK
Atlanta, Ga--------Baltimore, M d___
Boston, Mass.......
Buffalo, N. Y____
Color press:
Rate A___........
Rate B..........
Rate C__.........
Butte, Mont------Chicago, 111--------Cincinnati, Ohio 2.
Cleveland, Ohio...
Gravure__ ____
Columbus, Ohio..
Dallas, Tex______
Dayton, Ohio____
Denver, Colo____
Detroit, Mich___
Rotogravure___
Shopping News.
Duluth, Minn___
Houston, Tex____

$1.321
1.443
1.567
1.382
1.313
1.400
1.500
1.362
1.559
1.313
1.550
1.619
1.344
1.281
1.356
1.323
1.571
1.714
1.714
1.275
1.286

37.5 $1.321
35.0 1.414!,
36.0 1.508;;
38.0 1.304
40.0 1.313
37.5 1.400
35.0 1.500
40.0 1.268
35.0 1.559
40.0 1.313
35.0 1.500|
35.0 1.571
40.0 1.344
37.5 1.227
40.0 1.331
35.5 1.262!
36.0 1. 529;|
35.0 1.643
36.0 1.600
40.0 1.275!
35.0 1.286j

See footnotes at end of table.




37.5
35.0
36.0
40.0
40.0
37.5
35.0
42.0
35.0
40.0
35.0
35.0
40.0
37.5
40.0
36.0
36.0
35.0
36.0
40.0
35.0

Indianapolis, Ind............ $1,410 37.5 $1,304 37.6
Kansas City, Mo............ 1.173 40.0 1.173
Little Rock, Ark______ 1.133 37.5 .937 48.0
Los Angeles, Calif-------- 1.300 35.0 1.300 36.0
Louisville, K y...... .......... 1.300 40.0 1.250 40.0
Manchester, N. H .......... 1.200 40.0 1.200 40.0
Memphis, Tenn__........... 1.313 37.5 1.260 37.5
Milwaukee, W is............. 1.429 35.0 1.429 35.0
Minneapolis, M inn........ 1.309 40.0 1.309 40.0
Nashville, Tenn.2_____ 1.227 37.5 1.125 40.0
Newark, N. J_________ 1.811 34.5 1.754 34.5
New Haven, Conn____ 1.458 36.0 1.417 36.0
New Orleans, La............. 1.163 40.0 1.033 37.5
New York N. Y............. 1.848 49 34.5 1.848 19 34.5
Color press— ............... 1.889 1935.0 1.889 19 35.0
Gravure____________ 1.695 39.0 1.695 39.0
Oklahoma City, Okla._. 1.250 40.0 1.188 40.0
Omaha Nebr_________ 1.238 40.0 1.238 40.0
Peoria, 111_____ ______ 1.251 38.3 1.174 38.3
Color press....... ............ 1.338 40.0 1.238 40.0
Philadelphia, Pa..........— 1.420 34.5 1.391 34.5

77

UNION SCALES BY TRADES AND CITIES

T able 13.— Union Scales o f Wages and Hours in the Printing Trades in Selected Cities,
June 1, 1941, and June 1 , 1940— Continued
N E W S P A P E R — Continued
PRESSM EN -IN -CH ARGE; N IG H T W ORK— Continued

Philadelphia, Pa.—Con.
Rotogravure
__ $1,400
1.289
1.364
Providence, R. I _ __ 1.476
Reading, Pa..... ............... 1.457
R ich m on d , V a
1.219
Rochester, XT V 2
1.353
St. Louis, M o.................. 1.370
St. Paul M in n
1.319
Salt Lake City, U tah ... 1.267
San A n ton io, T ex
1.150
San Francisco, Calif___ 1.327
Pittsburgh, P a .2
Portland, Dreg

40.0 $1.371
37.5 1.289
35.0 1.364
38.0 1.476
35.0 1.429
40.0 1.219
40.0 1.353
35.0 1.370
40.0 1.269
37.5 1.267
40.0 1.063
37.5 1.327

40.0
37.5
35.0
38.0
35.0
40.0
40.0
35.0
40.0
37.5
40.0
37.5

Scranton, Pa.................... $1,443
Seattle, W ash _
1.429
Spokane, W ash 1.063
Springfield Mass______ 1.169
T a m p a, Fla
1.333
Toledo Ohio:
Agreement A
1.521
Agreement B 2______ 1.420
Assistant pressmenin-charge2_______ 1.347
Washington, D . C.......... 1.500
W ich ita, F a n s
___
.906
Worcester, Mass______ 1.343

Hours per week

Rates of wages
per hour

City

Hours per week

June 1,1941 June 1,1940
Rates of wages
per hour

Hours per week

Rates of wages
per hour

Hours per week

City

Rates of wages
per hour

June 1,1941 June 1,1940

35.0 $1,443
35.0 1.429
40.0 1.063
40.0 1.169
37.5 1.307
35.0 1.521
37.5 1.420
37.5 1.347
37.5 1.500
40.0 .906
35.0 1.343

35.0
35.0
40.0
40.0
37.5
35.0
7.5
37.5
37.5
40.0
35.0

40.0 $1,000
40.0 1.188
37.0 1.209
40.0 .866
37.5 1.403
40.0 .950
40.0 1.031
40.0 1.150
37.5 1.030
37.5 1.227
37.5 1.200
37.5 1.111
37.5 1.211
40.0 1.075
37.5 1.160
33.3 1.350
37.5 1.155
40.0 1.038
40.0 1.117
40.0 1.125
40.0 1.167
40.0 1.125
40.0 1.000
40.0 1.000
37.5 1.169
32.5 1.538
40.0 1.198
35.0 1.286
40.0 .975
37.5 1.053
40.0 1.071
37.5 1.080
37.5 1.240
37.5 1.200
40.0 .875
37.5 1.033
40.0 1.250

40.0
40.0
37.0
40.0
37.5
40.0
40.0
40.0
38.8
37.5
37.5
37.5
37.5
40.0
37.5
33.3
37.5
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
37.5
32.5
40.0
35.0
40.0
37.5
42.0
37.5
37.5
37.5
40.0
45.0
40.0

STEREOTYPERS: D A Y W ORK

Atlanta, Ga..................... $1.125
Baltimore, M d.._........... 1.160
Binghamton, N. Y __ 1.125
Birmingham, Ala______ 1.063
Boston, Mass
_r _ 1.357
Buffalo, N. V
1.188
Butte, Mont
__ 1.204
1.130
Charleston, W. Va
Chicago, 111___________ 1.233
Foreign language
1.765
dailies
Cincinnati, Ohio ____ 1.263
Cleveland, Ohio
1.250
Syndicates
1.427
1.429
Shopping News
1.213
Columbus, Ohio 2
Dallas, Tex.2
1.100
Davenport, Iowa. (See
Rock Island (111.) dis­
trict.)
Dayton, Ohio................... 1.200
Denver, Colo_________ 1.137
Des Moines, Iowa _ __ 1.200
Detroit, Mich
1.300
Duluth, Minn________ 1.125
El Paso, Tex.2_________ 1.006
Erie, Pa______________ 1.000
Grand Rapids, Mich___ 1.200
Houston, Tex. _ _ ____ 1.169
Indianapolis, Tnd
1.250
1.175
Jacksonville, Fla
1.139
Kansas Citv, Mo
Little Rock, Ark ____ .980
Los Angeles, Calif
1.147
Louisville, K y________ 1.165
Madison, Wis
1.150
Manchester, N. H _____ 1.025
Memphis, Tenn_______ 1.106
Milwaukee, Wis........ ..... 1.250
Minneapolis, Minn.2___ 1.134
Mobile, Ala___________ .980

40.0 $1,068
38.3 1.113
40.0 1.125
40.0 1.063
35.0 1.288
40.0 1.116
35.0 1.179
40.0 1.130
40.0 1.233
32.5 1.765
38.8 1.200
40.0 1.250
37.5 1.427
37.5 1.429
40.0 1.188
37.5 1.100

40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
35.0
42.0
40.0
32.5
40.0
40.0
37.5
37.5
40.0
37.5

1.175
1.123
1.155
1.275
1.125
.956
.944
1.125
1.125
1.213
1.150
1.139
.940
1.147
1.075
1.125
1.025
1.075
1.250
1.134
.980

40.0
37.5
40.0
40.0
36.7
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
37.5
40.0
40.0
37.5
37.5
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
37.5
40.0
35.8

40.0
37.5
40.0
40.0
36.7
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
37.5
40.0
40.0
37.5
37.5
40.0
40.0
40.0
37.0
37.5
40.0
35.8

See footnotes at end of table.




Moline, 111. (See Rock
Island (111.) district.)
Nashville, Tenn.2__........ $1,025
Newark, N. J.................. 1.238
New Haven, Conn......... 1.209
New Orleans, La............. .938
New York, N. Y ............. 1.403
Norfolk, Va______ ____ 1.000
Oklahoma City, Okla... 1.063
Omaha, Nebr................... 1.150
Peoria, 111_______
1.103
Color work__________ 1.253
Philadelphia, P a............ 1.200
Phoenix, Ariz. ................ 1.150
Pittsburgh, Pa................. 1.211
Portland, Maine______ 1.075
Portland, Oreg................ 1.160
Providence, R. I ............. 1.350
Reading, Pa__________ 1.182
Richmond, Va................. 1.038
Rochester, N. Y__......... 1.147
Rock Island (111.) dis­
trict . _ .
1.125
St. Louis, Mo....
1.167
St. Paul, M inn________ 1.156
Salt Lake City, Utah. _. 1.000
San Antonio, T e x _____ 1.110
San Francisco, Calif.:
Agreement A __
1.209
Agreement B _
1.538
Scranton, Pa _ ....
1.198
Seattle, Wash................. 1.286
South Bend, Ind______ 1.000
Spokane, Wash_______ 1.093
Springfield, Mass............ 1.031
Tampa, Fla...................... 1.100
Toledo, Ohio__________ 1.240
Washington, D. C.......... 1.200
Wichita, Kans.2__............ .900
Worcester, M ass........... 1.120
Youngstown, Ohio_____ 1.250

78

UNION WAGES AND HOURS'— PRINTING TRADES

T able 13.— Union Scales o f W ages and Hours in the Printing Trades in Selected Cities,
June I , 1941, and June 1, 1940— Continued
N E W S P A P E R — Continued

STEREOTYPERS: NIGHT WORK

Atlanta, Ga______ ____ $1.188
Baltimore, Md _ .......... 1.334
Binghamton, N. Y......... 1.280
Birmingham, Ala............ 1.125
Boston, Mass................... 1.500
Buffalo, N. Y ................... 1.250
Butte, M ont-.................. 1.204
Charleston, W. Va......... 1.232
Chicago, 111___________ 1.363
Foreign language dai­
lies_______________ 2.195
Cincinnati, Ohio............ 1.360
Cleveland, Ohio............ . 1.387
Syndicates---- ---------- 1.507
Shopping News--------- 1.509
Columbus, Ohio12 _____ 1.254
Dallas, Tex.2-__............... 1.133
Dayton, Ohio_________ 1.263
Denver, Colo.................. 1.183
Des Moines, Iowa........... 1.275
Detroit, Mich....... .......... 1.480
Duluth, Minn................. 1.200
El Paso, Tex.2___ ____ _ 1.006
Grand Rapids, Mich___ 1. 250
Houston, Tex-------------- 1.200
Indianapolis, Ind„......... 1.333
Jacksonville, Fla............. 1.225
Kansas City, M o--------- 1.194
Little Rock, Ark......... 1.050
Los Angeles, Calif.......... 1.213
Louisville, K y................. 1.233
Manchester, N. H ......... 1.100
Memphis, Tenn............ . 1.200
Milwaukee, Wis---------- 1.333
Minneapolis, Minn.2----- 1.184
Mobile, Ala..................... 1.000
Nashville, Tehn.2--------- 1.093

40.0 $1. Ill
33.3 1.271
37.5 1.280
40.0 1.125
31.3 1.432
40.0 1.179
35.0 1.179
40.0 1.232
37.5 1.363
27.5 2.195
37.5 1.306
37.5 1.387
37.5 1.507
37.5 1.509
40.0 1.229
37.5 1.133
40.0 1.238
37.5 1.170
40.0 1.238
35.0 1.457
36.7 1.200
40.0 .956
40.0 1.175
40.0 1.156
37.5 1.300
40.0 1.200
40.0 1.194
37.5 1.010
37.5 1.213
40.0 1.143
40.0 1.100
35.0 1.150
37.5 1.333
40.0 1.184
35.8 1.000
37.5 1.000

40.0
35.0
37.5
40.0
36.0
40.0
35.0
40.0
37.5
27.5
37.5
37.5
37.5
37.5
40.0
37.5
40.0
37.5
40.0
35.0
36.7
40.0
40.0
40.0
37.5
40.0
40.0
37.5
37.5
40.0
40.0
40.0
37.5
40.0
35.8
40.0

Newark, N. J................... $1,650
New Haven, Conn......... 1.209
New Orleans, La............. 1.080
New York, N. Y............. 1.741
Norfolk, Va___________ 1.050
Oklahoma City, Okla... 1.125
Omaha, Nebr........... ....... 1.216
Peoria, 111......................... 1.260
Color work___ ____ 1.320
Philadelphia, Pa............. 1.253
Phoenix, A riz................. 1.220
Pittsburgh, Pa.............. 1.278
Portland, Maine______ 1.150
Portland, Oreg._............. 1.243
Providence, R. I ............. 1.421
Reading, P a .................... 1.314
Richmond, Va................. 1.094
Rochester, N . Y .............. 1.230
St. Louis, Mo.............. 1.333
St. Paul, Minn..... ........ . 1.206
Salt Lake City, U tah ... 1.063
San Antonio, Tex_____ 1.110
San Francisco, Calif.:
Agreement A................ 1.253
Agreement B________ 1.538
Scranton, Pa._............. . 1.369
Seattle, W ash................. 1.357
Spokane, Wash............... 1.143
Springfield, Mass.:
Agreement A________ 1.179
Agreement B________ 1.179
Tampa, Fla...................... 1.200
Toledo, Ohio__________ 1.293
Washington, D. C_____ 1.458
Wichita, Kans.2*„ ......... .939
Worcester, Mass............. 1.200
Youngstown, Ohio_____ 1.355

30.0 $1,583
37.0 1.209
37.5 1.000
31.5 1.741
40.0 1.000
40.0 1.063
40.0 1.216
32.5 1.177
37.5 1.293
37.5 1.253
37.5 1.180
37.5 1.278
40.0 1.150
35.0 1.243
31.7 1.421
35.0 1.285
40.0 1.094
40.0 1.200
35.0 1.333
40.0 1.175
40.0 1.063
40.0 1.000
37.5 1.169
32.5 1.538
35.0 1.369
35.0 1.357
37.5 1.053
35.0 1.179
35.0 1.071
37.5 1.173
37.5 1.293
32.5 1.458
40.0 .914
35.0 1.107
38.8 1.355

| Hours per week

Rates of wages
per hour

City

Hours per week

June 1,1941 June 1,1940
Rates of wages
per hour

Ilours per week

Rates of wages
per hour

Hours per week

City

Rates of wages
per hour

June 1,1941 June 1,1940

30.0
37.0
40.0
31.5
40.0
40.0
40.0
33.8
37.5
37.5
37.5
37.5
40.0
35.0
31.7
35.0
40.0
40.0
35.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
37.5
32.5
35.0
35.0
37.5
35.0
42.0
37.5
37.5
32.5
40.0
42.0
38.8

1 Over 30 months’ service.
2 See appendix, p. 79, for a listing of wage and hour changes effective after June 1,1941.
3 44-hour week, September through May, at same weekly wage.
<Agreement permits 44 hours.
• Agreement permits 40 hours.
• Agreement permits 40 hours; in actual operation the workweek is alternated between 32 and 40 hours,
making 36 hours the average.
7 Agreement permits 36 hours.
8 Agreement permits 33 hours.
• Agreement permits 36 hours.
•0 36M hours per week, Oct. 1 to Feb. 1.
» Agreement permits 24 hours.
12 Piece work, 15.5 cents per 1,000 ems, agate.
13 $0,165 per 1,000 ems 6 to 6% point, 40 lines.
i< 6 point, $0,130; 7 point, $0,155.
is $0,165 per 1,000 ems, agate.
i« $0,176 per 1,000 ems 6 to 6^ point, 40 lines.
178
36 point, $0,135; 7 point, $0,160.
*12
18 Agreement permits 45 hours,
i* Agreement permits 42 hours.




A P P E N D IX

Changes in Wage or Hour Scales After June

I91941

In a num ber of instances changes in wage or hour scales had been
agreed upon at the tim e the agents of the Bureau visited the cities,
which were to take effect after the date of this survey. A ll such new
scales are listed below, with the dates effective.
BOOK AND JOB
Bindery women

Chicago, 111.: Loose leaf and blank book workers,
$0,550, July 1,1941.
Des Moines, Iowa: $0,525, November 15,1941.
Houston, Tex.: $0,525, June 15,1941.
Little Rock, Ark.: $0,475, October 14,1941.
Rochester, N. Y.:
Agreement A, $0,525, November 1,1941.
Agreement B, 2\k percent increase, September 1,
1941.
Scranton, Pa.: $0,520, October 1,1941.
Wichita, Kans.: $0,488, November 1,1941.
Bookbinders

Chicago, HI.:
Agreement A, 1.3 cents per hour increase for all
classifications, November 18,1941.
Agreement C, 5 cents per hour increase for all
classifications, July 1,1941.
Des Moines, Iowa: $1,050, November 15,1941.
Houston, Tex.: $1,050, June 15,1941.
Foremen and head rulers, $1,200, June 15,1941.
Little Rock, Ark.: $0,975, October 14,1941.
New York, N. Y.: 5 cents per hour increase for all
classifications except hand workers; 7.5 cents per
hour for hand workers (semiskilled and unskilled),
July 7,1941.
Philadelphia, Pa.:
Agreement B, $1,070, September 1,1941.
Agreement C, 2.5 cents per hour increase, Septem­
ber 1,1941.
Rochester, N. Y.:
Agreement A, $1,100, November 1,1941.
Agreement B, 2^2 percent increase, September 1,
1941.
Scranton, Pa.: 2 cents per hour increase October 1,
1941.
Wichita, Kans.: $0,950, November 1,1941.

Portland, Oreg.: $1,200, July 1,1941.
Rochester, N. Y.:
Agreement A, $1,150, November 1,1941.
Agreement B, 2}4 percent increase, September 1,
1941.
Electrotypers

Cleveland, Ohio: Batterymen, builders, casters, and
branchmen, $1,300, October 1,1941.
Minneapolis, Minn.: $1,250, July 1,1941.
St. Paul, Minn.: $1,250, July 1,1941.
York, Pa.: $1,170, July 1,1941.
Machine operators

Indianapolis, Ind.: $1,200, November 1, 1941.
Portland, Oreg.: $1,250, July 1,1941.
Rochester, N. Y.:
Agreement A, $1,150, November 1,1941.
Agreement B, 2H percent increase, September 1,
1941.
Machine tenders (machinists)
Indianapolis, Ind.: $1,200, November 1,1941.
Portland, Oreg.: $1,250, July 1,1941.
Rochester, N. Y.:
Agreement A, $1,150, November 1,1941.
Agreement B, 2% percent increase, September l t
1941.
Mailers

Chicago, 111.: $1,200, August 14,1941.
Detroit, Mich.: $1,175, August 1,1941.
Photoengravers

Baltimore, Md.: 37M hours per week, July 1,1941.
Washington, D. C.: $1,520, July 1,1941.
Press assistants and feeders

Buffalo, N . Y.: 5 cents per hour increase for all
Compositors, hand
classifications, August 11,1941.
Chicago, HI.: 5 cents per hour increase for all classi­
Buffalo, N . Y.: $1,150, September 1,1941.
Chicago, 111.: Loose leaf and blank book work, Scents fications except loose leaf printing, June 25, 1941;
per hour increase for all classifications, July 1,1941. loose leaf printing, 5 cents per hour increase, July
1,1941.
Indianapolis, Ind.: $1,200, November 1,1941.




79

80

UNION WAGES AND HOURS'— PRINTING TRADES

New Haven, Conn.: Horizontal, Miehle and other Rochester, N. Y.—Continued.
press assistants, 2.5 cents per hour increase, June Agreement B, 2XA percent increase for all classifi­
cations, September 1,1941.
13, 1941.
Washington, D. C.: Job automatic cylinder presses
Portland, Oreg.:
(1or 2 vertical Miehle presses; 1 or 2 Kelly job
Cylinder assistants, $0,850, June 12,1941.
presses; 1 or 2 Miller Hi-Speed presses; any cylinder
Platen feeders, $0,750, June 12,1941.
press 20 inches or under; 1 offset press 24 inches or
Rochester, N. Y.:
Agreement A, 2.5 cents per hour increase for all under; any combination of above), 2.5 cents per
hour increase, July 1,1941.
classifications, November 1,1941.
Agreement B, 2 A percent increase, for all classifi­ Wichita, Kans.: 2.5 cents per hour increase for all
classifications, November 1,1941.
cations, September 1,1941.
Cylinder pressmen

Buffalo, N. Y.: 5 cents per hour increase for all
classifications, August 11,1941.
Chicago, HI.: 5 cents per hour increase for all classi­
fications except loose leaf printing, June 25, 1941;
loose leaf printing, 5 cents per hour increase, July
1,1941.
New Haven, Conn.:
Magazine work: Miehle vertical and horizontal
presses, $1,000, June 13,1941.
Cylinder presses, $1,050, June 13,1941.
2-color presses, $1,125, June 13, 1941.
Portland, Oreg.: 8 cents per hour increase, June 12,
1941.
Rochester, N. Y.:
Agreement A, 2.5 cents per hour increase for all
classifications, November 1,1941.
Compositors, hand: Day work
Binghamton, N. Y.: $1,150, September 1, 1941.
Cleveland, Ohio: 7A percent increase, September 5,
1941.
Detroit, Mich.: $1,493, October 1,1941.
Indianapolis, Ind.: $1,300, August 1,1941.
Kansas City, Mo.: $1,270, June 23,1941.
Madison, Wis.: $1,175, October 1,1941.
Nashville, Tenn.: $1,090, July 3,1941.
Pittsburgh, Pa.: $1,409, July 13,1941.
Rochester, N. Y.: $1,225, August 1,1941.
Washington, D. C.: $1,469, November 12,1941.
Compositors, hand: Night work
Binghamton, N. Y.: $1,308, September 1, 1941.
Cleveland, Ohio: 7XA percent increase, September 5,
1941.
Detroit, Mich.: $1,573, October 1,1941.
Indianapolis, Ind.: $1,400, August 1,1941.
Kansas City, Mo.: $1,350, June 23, 1941.
Madison, Wis.: $1,238, October 1,1941.
Nashville, Tenn.: $1,160, July 3,1941.
Pittsburgh, Pa.: $1,476, July 13,1941.
Rochester, N. Y.: $1,290, August 1,1941.
Washington, D. C.: $1,611, November 12,1941.

Platen pressmen

Buffalo, N. Y.: 5 cents per hour increase, August 11,
1941.
Chicago, 111.: 5 cents per hour increase for all classi­
fications except loose leaf printing, June 25, 1941;
loose leaf printing, 5 cents per hour increase for all
classifications, July 1,1941.
Portland, Oreg.: $1,060, June 12,1941.
Foremen, $1,123, June 12,1941.
Rochester, N. Y.:
Agreement A, 2.5 cents per hour increase for all
classifications, November 1,1941.
Agreement B, 2H percent increase for all class­
ifications, September 1,1941.
Washington, D. C.: 2.5 cents per hour increase, for
all classifications, July 1,1941.
Wichita, Kans.: 1 or 2 presses, 2.5 cents per hour
increase, November 1,1941.
Pittsburgh, Pa.: $1,409, July 13,1941.
Rochester, N. Y.: $1,225, August 1,1941.
Washington, D. C.: $1,469, November 12,1941.
Machine operators: Night work

Binghamton, N . Y.: $1,308, September 1,1941.
Cleveland, Ohio: 7XA percent increase, September 5,
1941.
Detroit, Mich.: $1,573, October 1,1941.
Indianapolis, Ind.: $1,400, August 1,1941.
Kansas City, Mo.: $1,350, June 23,1941.
Madison, Wis.: $1,238, October 1,1941.
Nashville, Tenn.: $1,160, July 3,1941.
Pittsburgh, Pa.: $1,476, July 13,1941.
Rochester, N. Y.: $1,290, August 1,1941.
Washington, D. C.: $1,611, November 12,1941.
Machine tenders (machinists): Day work
Binghamton, N. Y.: $1,150, September 1,1941.
Cleveland, Ohio: 7A percent increase, September 5#
1941.
Detroit, Mich.: $1,493, October 1,1941.
Indianapolis, Ind.: $1,300, August 1,1941.
Kansas City, Mo.: $1,270, June 23, 1941.
Madison, Wis.: $1,175, October 1.1941.
Nashville, Tenn.: $1,090, July 3,1941.
Machine operators: Day work
Pittsburgh, Pa.: $1,409, July 13,1941.
Rochester, N. Y.: $1,225, August 1,1941.
Binghamton, N. Y.: $1,150, September 1,1941.
Cleveland, Ohio: 7XA percent increase, September 5, Washington, D. C.: $1,469, November 12,1941.
1941.
Machine tenders (machinists): Night work
Detroit, Mich.: $1,493, October 1,1941.
Indianapolis, Ind.: $1,300, August 1,1941.
Binghamton, N. Y.: $1,308, September 1,1941.
Kansas City, Mo.: $1,270, June 23,1941.
Cleveland, Ohio: 7XA percent increase, September 5,
Madison, Wis.: $1,175, October 1,1941.
1941.
Nashville, Tenn.: $1,090, July 3,1941.
Detroit, Mich.: $1,573, October 1,1941.



81

APPENDIX

Indianapolis, Ind.: $1,400, August 1,1941.
Kansas City, Mo.: $1,350, June 23,1941.
Nashville, Tenn.: $1,160, July 3,1941.
Pittsburgh, Pa.: $1,476, July 13,1941.
Rochester, N. Y.: $1,290, August 1,1941.
Washington, D. C.: $1,611, November 12,1941.

Pittsburgh, Pa.: $1,289, July 12,1941.
Rochester, N. Y.: $1,284, October 1,1941.
Toledo, Ohio: Rate A, $1,300, September 1,1941.
Pressmen-in-charge: Day work

Cincinnati, Ohio: $1,328, July 1,1941.
Nashville, Tenn.: $1,175, July 1,1941.
Mailers: Day work
Pittsburgh, Pa.: $1,276, July 12,1941.
Rochester, N. Y.: $1,294, October 1,1941.
Minneapolis, Minn.: $1,000, June 19, 1941.
Ohio:
Philadelphia, Pa.: Rate D, $0,900, August 16, 1941. Toledo,
Agreement B, $1,420, September 1,1941.
St. Paul, Minn.: $0,970, July 17,1941.
Assistant pressmen-in-charge, $1,347, September
Seattle, Wash.: $1,060, July 7,1941.
1, 1941.
Toledo, Ohio: $1,067, September 1,1941.
Mailers: Night work

Minneapolis, Minn.: $1,060, June 19, 1941.
St. Paul, Minn.: $1,020, July 17,1941.
Seattle, Wash.: $1,136, July 7,1941.
Toledo, Ohio: $1,093, September 1,1941.
Photoengravers: Day work

Minneapolis, Minn.: $1,450, July 5,1941.
Photoengravers: Night work

Minneapolis, Minn.: $1,575, July 5,1941.
Journeymen pressmen: Day work

Cincinnati, Ohio: $1,240, July 1,1941.
El Paso, Tex.: $1,031, October 1,1941.
Nashville, Tenn.: $1,050, July 1, 1941.
Pittsburgh, Pa.: $1,209, July 12, 1941.
Rochester, N. Y.: $1,200, October 1,1941.
Toledo, Ohio: Rate A, $1,273, September 1,1941.
Journeymen pressmen: Night work

Cincinnati, Ohio: $1,320, July 1,1941.
El Paso, Tex.: $1,031, October 1,1941.
Nashville, Tenn.: $1,120, July 1,1941.




Pressmen-in-charge: Night work

Cincinnati, Ohio: $1,409, July 1,1941.
Nashville, Tenn.: $1,253, July 1,1941.
Pittsburgh, Pa.: $1,356, July 12,1941.
Rochester, N. Y.: $1,378, October 1,1941.
Toledo, Ohio:
Agreement B, $1,447, September 1,1941.
Assistant pressmen-in-charge, $1,373, September
1,1941.
Stereotypers: Day work

Columbus, Ohio: $1,225, December 7,1941.
Dallas, Tex.: $1,225, August 25, 1941.
El Paso, Tex.: $1,038, October 1,1941.
Minneapolis, Minn.: $1,200, July 1,1941.
Nashville, Tenn.: $1,050, August 1, 1941.
Wichita, Kans.: $0,913, July 16,1941.
Stereotypers: Night work

Columbus, Ohio: $1,275, December 7,1941.
Dallas, Tex.: $1,279, August 25,1941.
El Paso, Tex.: $1,038, October 1,1941.
Minneapolis, Minn.: $1,275, July 1,1941.
Nashville, Tenn.: $1,120, August 1,1941.
Wichita, Kans.: $0,952, July 16,1941.