Full text of Survey of Current Business : December 1956
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DECEMBER
U. S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE
OFFICE OF BUSINESS ECONOMICS
1956
SURVEY
©F
CtimiiENT
BUSINESS
No. 12
DECEMBER 1956
DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE
FIELD SERVICE
Albuquerque, N. Mex.
321 Post Office Bldg.
Memphis 3, Tenn.
22 North Front St,
Atlanta 3, Ga.
66 Luckie St. NW.
Miami 32, Fla.
300 NE. First Ave,
Boston 9, Mass.
U. S. Post Office and
Courthouse Bldg.
Minneapolis 2, Minn,
2d Ave. South and
3d St.
Buffalo 3, N. Y.
117 Ellicott St.
PAGE
THE BUSINESS SITUATION....,
1
Cheyenne, Wyo.
307 Federal Office Bldg.
Business Investment PlansFirst Quarter of 1957.
2
Third Quarter U. S. Balance of Payments—Rise in Exports and Foreign Investments..
*
*
4
Exports and Domestic Business....»
8
Economic Aspects of the New Highway Program
19
Income of Lawyers in the Postwar Period
Factors Affecting the Distribution of Earnings
26
*
*
MONTHLY BUSINESS STATISTICS
Statistical Index
Chicago 6, 111.
226 W. Jackson Blvd.
Cincinnati 2, Ohio
442 U. S. Post Office
and Courthouse
Cleveland 14, Ohio
1100 Chester Ave.
*
SPECIAL ARTICLES
*
Charleston 4, S. C.
Area 2,
Sergeant Jasper Bldg.
S-l to S-40
.Inside back cover
Dallas 1, Tex.
3-104 Merchandise
Mart
500 South Ervay St.
Denver 2, Colo.
142 New Customhouse
Detroit 26, Mich.
438 Federal Bldg.
Greensboro, N. C.
407 U. S. Post Office
Bldg.
Houston 2, Tex.
430 Lamar Ave.
Jacksonville 1, Fla.
311 W. Monroe St.
Kansas City 6, Mo.
911 Walnut St.
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520 SW. Morrison St.
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DECEMBER 1956
By the Office of Business Economics
B
Plant and Equipment Investment
*!•
Programed at higher rate in early 1957
BILLIONS OF DOLLARS (ratio s c a l e )
60
50
40
TOTAL
30
20
MANUFACTURING
10
9
® Anticipate^
'
1953
1954
1955
1956
1957
QUARTERLY TOTALS, SEASONALLY ADJUSTED, AT ANNUAL RATES
Industry gains widespread
P e r c e n t change 1st qtr. 1957
over 1 9 5 6 q u a r t e r l y a v e r a g e
0
+5
tlO
-H5
+20
t25
TOTAL
Railroad
Public Utilities
Nondurable Mfg.
Durable Mfg.
Other Transportation
Commercial a Other
Mining
Qata: SEC 8 QBE
U. S. Department of Commerce, Office of Business Economics
56-43-1
USINESS activity has continued to reflect strong demand in most major sectors of the economy during the final
quarter of the year. Further advances in the income flow
and the high rate of employment were being reflected in brisk
buying at retail stores.
The latest survey of investment demand, reported in
detail on the following pages, points to a further increase in
expenditures for plant and equipment in the current quarter
and in the first 3 months of 1957, although the rate of increase appears to have moderated from that of the past year.
Additions to business inventories in October continued at
the September rate, substantially above that of JulyAugust when the flow of steel was interrupted but about
equal to the monthly advance in the first half of the year.
Most of the recent rise in inventories has occurred in those
durable manufacturing industries which have been expanding output.
Consumer buying has been high as the holiday shopping
season progressed. Retail sales in October and November
were 1 percent above the third quarter monthly rate, seasonally adjusted, and 3 percent above the same months a
year ago. Except for automotive stores and lumber and
building materials dealers, sales in all major retail businesses
were ahove last year. A large part of the year-to-year
rise, however, was due to higher retail commodity prices.
Government purchasing of goods and services has also
been increasing. The rise in Federal expenditures has been
mainly in national security programs and reflects to some
extent higher prices. Increases in outlays of State and local
governments are largely ascribable to growing construction
programs and increased employee compensation.
Total construction activity has remained virtually unchanged over the last half-year, on a seasonally adjusted
basis, with residential construction lowered while public
construction has been moving ahead. In an effort to stimulate the lagging flow of funds into home financing, the
Federal housing agency recently announced an increase of
one-half percentage point in the ceiling interest rate permitted on FHA mortgages.
Total personal income in October reached a seasonally
adjusted annual rate of $332% billion, up to $3 billion from
September and $21 billion or 6% percent above a year ago.
In comparison with last year these gains reflected for the
most part higher pay scales and substantially increased
employment.
The pattern of employment in November was mixed, and
subject to seasonal influences (including the end of agricultural harvest in some areas) which resulted in a decline
in the total number at work, and a rise in the volume of
unemployment from October. Employment in nonagricultural establishments, seasonally corrected, continued at
the October volume of nearly 52 million, an increase of over
a million from November of 1955. The rise over the past
year has been mainly in nonmanufacturing industries, with
SUEVEY OF CUEEENT BUSINESS
the major increases concentrated in trade, construction, and
State and local government. Slight variations in seasonally
corrected employment characterized the major kinds of
business from October to November. This generalization
applied to the manufacturing subgroups as well, with the
exceptions being moderate declines in the lumber, furniture,
and rubber products industries, and a rise in the automobile
industry where employment and overtime operations have
been rising with the acceleration of 1957 model production.
The consumer price index rose one-half percent from
September to October, and was about 2% percent above a
December 1956
year ago. The wholesale price index rose slightly from
October to November as appreciable declines in farm
product prices partly offset the continued rise to a new high
of nonfarm, nonfood commodities; in comparison with
November 1955 the advance was 4 percent.
The pressure for funds by business and individuals for
capital and other purposes, with the monetary authorities
continuing to exercise a policy of restraint, has resulted in a
further upward movement of interest rates which are
currently at new highs for the postwar period.
Business Investment Plans—First Quarter of 1957
THE two major aspects of the recently completed survey of
business investment intentions are, first, the expectation of
a continued rise in plant and equipment expenditures,
seasonally adjusted, into the early months of 1957, and
second, that expenditures fell somewhat short of expectations
for the second half of this year as reported in the September survey.
Reports submitted to the Department of Commerce and
the Securities and Exchange Commission from mid-October
through November indicate that nonfarm businesses are
planning to purchase new plant and equipment at a seasonally adjusted annual rate of $38 billion in the first quarter
of 1957. This compares with actual spending at a rate of
almost $36 billion in the third quarter of this year and with
anticipated expenditures of $37.3 billion in the final quarter.
Three months ago business expected third and fourth quarter
outlays to be $36.3 and $38.0 billion, respectively. The
projected rise for the first quarter is at a slower rate than the
quarterly increases which occurred during 1956.
If realized, these programs would start the first quarter of
the coming year at a rate one-sixth above the opening
quarter of 1956, and 8 percent greater than the average for
the full year 1956.
As the following table shows, scheduled first quarter capital
spending is at least 5 percent higher than the 1956 average in
all industry divisions except mining. Railroads, up 23 percent, and electric and gas utilities, up 13 percent, expect the
largest relative gains over 1956; the rate scheduled by manufacturing companies is 9 percent higher.
The available data indicate that 1956 capital outlays will
total $35 billion, 22 percent higher than 1955 investment
M anuf act uring
Mining _ _
Railroads
Other transportation
Public Utilities
Commercial and other
Total
_.
Revisions in earlier plans
For most industry divisions actual capital outlays in the
third quarter and projected outlays in the fourth quarter
were lower than had been reported in the previous survey.
These downward adjustments may be considered in large
part an aftermath of last summer's steel strike. In this
respect the current revisions—though considerably smaller—
resemble those that followed the somewhat longer 1952 work
stoppage in steel. Third and fourth quarter revisions were
especially pronounced in railroads, gas utilities and petroleum, industries in which capital outlays are especially
sensitive to the shortages in heavy plate and pipe.
Manufacturing trends mixed
Percent changes,
seasonally adjusted first quarter
1957, from—
1956
First quarter
and virtually the same as the aggregate anticipated by
business for 1956 as determined by the OBE-SEC annual
survey conducted early in the year.
The overall increase of $0.6 billion at seasonally adjusted
annual rates planned from the fourth to the first quarter
compares with the average quarter-to-quarter gain of $1.7
billion that has characterized plant and equipment spending
since the rapid expansion began in the first quarter of 1955,
an expansion that has raised this key economic stimulus by
almost 50 percent.
For the first time in 2 years the rate of investment in a
number of important industry groups—durable goods manufacturing, mining, nonrail transportation and commercial—
shows a tendency to level or to decrease. These offset to
some extent planned increases in spending by nondurable
manufacturing, railroad, electric and gas utility, and communication companies.
1956
Quarterly
average
22
8
23
13
18
6
9
—1
23
6
13
4
16
8
Manufacturing firms have scheduled expenditures at a
seasonally adjusted annual rate of $16.5 billion in the first
quarter of 1957, one-fifth higher than actual outlays in the
opening quarter of 1956 but not much different from scheduled fourth quarter spending. This time the non-durablegoods group shows greater strength, with continued advances
planned through the first quarter, while durable-goods producers expect a slight dip in the first quarter of next year.
In durable-goods manufacturing it appears that, if a rough
allowance is made for the typical seasonal movements, the
advances after the third quarter are most pronounced in
primary iron and steel and nonferrous metals, and in transportation equipment other than motor vehicles. Smaller
SUEVEY OF CUKRENT BUSINESS
December 1956
outlays scheduled for the current and succeeding quarters,
from $1.2 billion in the third quarter to $1.5 billion in the
first quarter of 1957, at seasonally adjusted annual rates.
An almost identical pattern of advance two quarters ahead
appeared in the surveys published last June and September
and, as noted earlier, the shortfall may be attributed to material shortages affecting freight-car production.
Expenditures by electric and gas utilities this year total
$4.8 billion, $yz billion more than was spent in 1955 butsome what less than had been scheduled at the beginning of
1956. The current survey shows that, after seasonal adjustment, both groups expect first quarter spending to be higher
than actual outlays in the third quarter, following a dip
in projected fourth quarter spending.
The commercial and other group has scheduled outlays
of $11.5 billion, at a seasonally adjusted annual rate, in
each of the fourth and first quarters. Commercial construction has been showing declining tendencies in recent months,
following a long upward trend in expenditures.
A strong advance in investment programs is reported by
the communications industries. Mining and nonrail transportation companies show slight decreases in seasonally
adjusted outlays from the fourth to the first quarters.
rises are expected by the machinery industries. In all these
cases the rate of increase from the fourth to first quarter is
much lower than from the third to fourth quarter.
On the other hand the motor vehicle group is planning to
reduce spending somewhat from recent peak high rates.
Companies in stone, clay, and glass manufacturing show a
downward movement in programed outlays.
The seasonally adjusted rise in expenditures in nondurable
^oods after the third quarter is attributable largely to the
programs of petroleum companies. After allowance is made
for seasonal fluctuations it appears that sizable advances
have been planned for both fourth and first quarters. The
survey also indicates a slowing in the rate of growth in outlays by chemicals, paper, and rubber companies, while
investments by food and textile companies is declining.
Nonmanufacturing industries
Early this year railroads scheduled expenditures of $1.3
billion, an increase of 42 percent over 1955 outlays. Actual
spending in 1956 will come quite close to this figure, although
a higher expenditure might have been made had steel supplies been easier. The present survey shows increased
Table 1.—Expenditures on New Plant and Equipment by United States Business,1 1954-57
[Millions of dollars]
] 956
1955
1954
1955
1956 2
Jan.Mar.
Apr.June
JulySept.
Jan.Mar.
OctDec.
Apr.June
JulySept.
Oct.Dec.2
1957,
Jan.Mar.'
11,038
11,439
14, 934
2,249
2,795
2,899
3,499
2, 958
3,734
3,834
4, 408
3, 812
5,091
754
246
439
694
5,436
863
214
436
809
7,573
1,223
404
606
1,067
1,063
154
41
89
158
1,278
211
45
102
188
1,378
214
58
108
206
1,718
283
71
138
257
1,462
219
69
104
227
1,862
306
88
142
254
1,960
296
103
158
267
2,289
402
144
202
319
1,915
350
145
153
280
1,295
191
361
1,110
1,128
274
498
1, 214
1,720
468
689
1,396
224
48
88
260
256
65
106
306
295
72
121
304
354
88
183
344
341
77
132
293
431
103
172
366
464
120
181
371
484
168
204
366
370
165
149
297
5,948
6,003
7,361
1,186
1,517
1,521
1,781
1,496
1,872
2,119
1,897
765
331
455
1,130
718
366
518
1,016
798
450
808
1,468
170
77
92
231
196
92
120
230
171
83
142
239
182
115
164
317
178
108
155
283
208
126
203
364
203
110
206
370
209
106
244
451
193
97
220
409
2,684
131
451
2,798
150
437
3,182
193
462
490
30
96
730
36
113
741
39
106
836
45
122
627
40
105
803
50
118
813
50
122
939
53
117
841
44
93
Mining
975
957
1,231
186
235
248
288
262
319
314
336
300
Railroad
854
923
1,263
179
217
215
312
297
325
277
364
392
Transportation, other than rail
1,512
1,602
1,753
359
420
401
421
396
423
443
491
445
Public utilities..
4,817
936
1,199
1,308
1,374
1,159
2, 613
2,880
2,725
2,701
2,609
Manufacturing
Durable-goods industries
Primary iron and steel
Primary nonferrous metals
_
Electrical machinery and equipment
Machinery except electrical
_ __
_
.__
Motor vehicles and equipmentTransportation equipment excluding motor vehicles...
Stone, clay and glass3productsOther durable goods
Nondurable-goods industries
Food and beverages
Textile mill products
Paper and allied products
Chemicals and allied products
._
_ _ __ _
Petroleum and coal products
Rubber products
Other nondurable goods 4
._-
._ __
_
4,219
4,309
Communications
1,717
1,983
Commercial and other 8
6,513
7,488
26,827
28, 701
Total
I 10,919
34,917
1,874
845
1,052
1,174
1,238
J
422
471
491
599
1
1, 608
1,819
2,021
2,041
5,847
7,009
7,449
8,398
7,462
8,880
8,901
9,674
8,717
I
Seasonally Adjusted at Annual Rates
[Billions of dollars]
Manufacturing
Durable. _
Nondurable.. _
_. _
Mining
Railroad
Transportation, other than rail..
Public utilities
Commercial and other 8
Total —
10.17
4.78
5.39
10.84
5.06
5.78
11.97
5.77
6.20
12.48
6.00
6.48
13.45
6 57
6.88
14.65
7 38
7.27
15.78
8.20
7.58
16.41
8.39
8.02
16. 4(
8 1*
8. 2^
___ - __
.80
.74
1.46
4 01
8.46
.94
.80
1.62
4 09
8.90
.99
.96
1.60
4 43
9.70
1.08
1.17
1.70
4 48
10 54
1.13
1 25
1 65
4 56
10 78
1.28
1 22
1 63
4 61
11 10
1.26
1 20
1.79
5 08
10 76
1.28
1 34
1.94
4 87
11 49
1.22
1 54
1.8f
5 40
11 48
_.
25.65
27.19
29.65
31.45
32 82
34 49
35 87
37 33
37 96
_
_
_ . ___
._-
1. Data exclude expenditures of agricultural business and outlays charged to current account.
2. Estimates for the fourth quarter 1956 and the first quarter 1957 are based on anticipated
capital expenditures reported by business in late October and November 1956. The year
1956 includes the anticipated expenditures for the fourth quarter. The seasonally adjusted
data include in addition to a seasonal correction, an adjustment when necessary, for systematic tendencies in anticipatory data.
3. Includes fabricated metal products, lumber products, furniture and fixtures, instruments,
ordnance, and miscellaneous manufactures.
4. Includes apparel and related products, tobacco, leather and leather products, and printing
and publishing.
5. Figures for 1954-57 include trade, service, finance, and construction. Data for 1956-57
also include communications.
NOTE.—Data for earlier years were published in the June 1956 SURVEY OF CURRENT BUSINESS, p. 6.
Source: U. S. Department of Commerce, Office of Business Economics, and Securities and
Exchange Commission.
SURVEY OF CURRENT BUSINESS
December 1936
Third Quarter U. S. Balance of Payments—
Rise in Exports and Foreign Investments
INTERNATIONAL transactions of the United States continued
to expand in the third quarter after making allowance for
seasonal variations. Payments to foreign countries, consisting of imports of goods and services, private and Government donations (other than military), and the net outflow
of United States capital rose from seasonally adjusted annual
rate of $25.2 billion in the second quarter, to $26.6 billion in
the third. Foreign expenditures in the United States on
goods and services and for long-term investments advanced
during the same time from $23.8 billion to $24.3 billion.
Over the last year international transactions advanced by
about one-sixth in value.
Although international transactions are much more sensitive than domestic business to political and economic disturbances abroad (as for instance after the start of the war in
Korea), the spurt in foreign business through the third quarter does not seem to be a reaction to the growing tension in
the Middle East following the nationalization of the Suez
Canal by Egypt in July. In 1950, after the outbreak of
hostilities in Korea, merchandise imports and later exports
bounded upward partly as a result of price rises, and large
movements of capital set in consisting of international transactions in securities and international shifts of short-term
funds.
In contrast, the rise in payments during the third quarter
was largely the result of long-term investments by American
corporations in foreign branches and subsidiaries. Recorded
capital movements through security purchases and other
short-term shifts of funds did not show significant changes.
The advance in seasonally adjusted merchandise imports
was moderate and import unit values declined slightly. The
rise in receipts from merchandise exports while substantial
was slower than in the first half of the year. The relatively
high amount of unexplained net receipts, during the third
quarter, may indicate, however, some unrecorded inflows of
capital as a result of uncertainties developing abroad.
Foreign investments advance sharply
The recorded transactions reflect principally the current
expansion in business both here and abroad and the effects
of Government policies fostering foreign sales af agricultural
products. The rise in seasonally adjusted payments by the
United States to foreign countries by $360 million from the
second to the third quarter was primarily due to an increase
in the outflow of United States capital. The rise was contrary to usual seasonal expectations and consisted primarily
of higher investments by American companies in foreign
branches and subsidiaries. Most important was the purchase of a British oil company for $176 million, purchases of
oil concessions in Venezuela requiring over $50 million, and
security issues of about $45 million by a Canadian pipeline
company. Other direct investments were about as high as
in the second quarter although a decline over this period has
been the seasonal pattern in preceding years. The large out-
flow of private short- and medium-term capital includes a
$50 million bank loan to France. The outflow of long-term
Government capital was raised by the $35 million capital
subscription to the new International Finance Corporation.
The purchase of the foreign oil company and the subscription to the International Finance Corporation may be considered special transactions limited to this quarter. The
other transactions, however, appear to be a part of investment developments extending over longer periods of time.
Purchases of oil concessions in Venezuela continued in the
fourth quarter and are likely to be followed by investments
to explore and develop the oil resources in the new territories.
Investments in Canadian pipelines will also continue.
Other capital outflows were stimulated by high interest
rates and credit restrictions abroad, which in some instances
made it less desirable for American enterprises operating
abroad to obtain capital from local resources arid induced
them to transfer more funds from the United States. Higher
interest rates abroad also contributed to the continued large
outflow of portfolio capital, mainly through bond issues by
Canada and medium-term bank loans, mainly to European
countries.
The rise in the outflow of private capital during the third
quarter consisted to a larger extent than usual of cash
transfers rather than of equipment or other merchandise,
and, therefore, augmented immediately foreign dollar resources, rather than United States exports.
The decline in the outflow of Government long-term
capital (excluding the contribution to the International
Finance Corporation) from the second quarter was largely
due to a smaller utilization for loan purposes of foreign
currencies accumulated through sales of agricultural commodities. Receipts of foreign currencies (or claims for such
currencies) through such operations were about $260 million
or $54 million smaller than in the second quarter, but because
of lesser utilizations for loans and grants the accumulation
was higher.
Merchandise imports at $13 billion rate
Merchandise imports in the third quarter did not change
much from the preceding quarter but after seasonal adjustments appear to have risen by about $150 million, and
reached an annual rate in excess of $13 billion. Imports for
consumption increased even more than total imports (after
seasonal adjustment) as net additions to stocks in bonded
warehouses were smaller.
Although the data for imports of individual commodities
or groups of commodities have not been adjusted for seasonal
variations, it seems that the larger receipts of coffee were
an important factor in the seasonally adjusted import rise.
Imports of raw materials, with the major exceptions of copper
and rubber, also advanced more than normally between the
second and third quarters, and except for agricultural machinery that was also true of finished manufactures. Both
SURVEY OF CURKENT BUSINESS
December 1956
copper and rubber went through major market adjustments
which were reflected by the decline in prices and import
volumes.
The change in seasonally adjusted imports from a relative
stability during the first half of the year to a rise in the
third quarter was similar to the changes in industrial production, although the rise in the latter during the third quarter
followed a slow decline during the first half of the year.
The increase in United States demand benefited primarily
Canada and some of the other countries in the Western
Hemisphere such as Brazil and Venezuela. Deliveries from
the Middle Eastern oil producing countries advanced faster
than last year and were substantially higher than during
the summer of 1955. Purchases from Asia, other than
Japan, were smaller than in the second quarter of this }^ear
or a year ago, mostly as a result of the smaller expenditures
on rubber. Imports from Japan and the industrialized
countries of Europe which had risen sharply last year, continued to rise, but at a slower rate. Sales to the United
States by other European countries such as Spain and
Turkey fell off, however.
Foreign incomes from the sale of services to the United
States did not show the usual seasonal gain during the third
quarter. The main reason was the apparently more than
normal decline in military expenditures, a part of which,
however, may have been due to an unusually high concentration of reported expenditures in the second quarter and
possibty some reporting lags in the third. Most of the
reported decline was in payments on offshore procurement
contracts for goods transferred to allied forces.
Table 2.—Balance of Payments, Seasonally Adjusted (Excluding
Military Grant-Aid)—By Quarters, 1955-56
[Millions of dollars]
1955
1956
L
II
III
IV
I
II
United States payments, total
.__
Imports total
Merchandise.- _ ...
Services
Remittances and pensions
Government grants and related
capital movements ._
United States private and other
Government capital
5,100
4,220
2, 686
I 534
147
5, 535
4,373
2,761
1 612
146
5,483
4,557
2,928
1 629
153
5,722
4,773
3,141
1 632
151
6,118
4,924
3,148
1,776
150
6,295
4,920
3, 118
1,802
159
United States receipts, total
Exports, total Merchandise
_ __ __ Services .
Foreign long-term investments in
the United States
III
6,653
4,971
3, 265
1 706
178
G68
568
467
421
452
512
459
65
448
306
377
592
704
1,045
4,932
4, 838
3,476
1,362
4,910
4,815
3,430
1,385
5,173
5,070
3,673
1,397
5,244
5,192
3,685
1,507
5,526
5,415
3,935
1,480
5,950
5,787
4,243
1,544
6,068
5,953
4,400
1, 553
94
95
103
52
111
163
115
Errors and omissions (net receipts) ....
104
127
15
205
47
50
237
Increase in foreign gold and liquid
dollar assets through transactions
with the United States
._ .
64
498
295
273
545
295
348
in grants during the third quarter appears to be temporary
with much of the decline being of a seasonal character.
Furthermore, the large accumulations of foreign currencies
during the third quarter indicate larger disbursements for
grants or loans during subsequent periods.
Export rise continued
Of the total amount of $6.6 billion received by foreign
countries from the United States in the third quarter, they
spent in the United States about $5.7 billion on goods and
services including income payments on United States investments abroad, invested about $100 million in United
States private securities and enterprises operating here
under their control, and added $520 million to their liquid
gold and dollar holdings. The remaining amount of $265
million represents as yet unrecorded net receipts by the
United States which, as already mentioned, were relatively
large during the third quarter.
Exports of goods and services in the third quarter were
at seasonally adjusted annual rate of $23.8 billion, about
$600 million more than during the second quarter and $3.5
billion or 17 percent more than a year earlier. Without the
strike in the steel industry, the rise in merchandise exports
which reached an annual rate of $17.6 billion would have
been even larger.
Exports to Canada dropped somewhat more than in
previous years between the second and third quarters, those
to Latin America approximately by the average amount of
the last years, and those to Europe and Asia somewhat less.
Exports to Europe, while still advancing after seasonal
adjustment, are doing so at a slower rate, however, while
those to Asia have accelerated in their upward movement.
The latter development reflects the increased shipments of
agricultural commodities under Government financial arrangements.
About two-thirds of the $160 million increase in the
seasonally adjusted exports from the second to the third
quarter was in cotton. Whereas during the 5 precedingyears cotton exports declined during that period by an
average of about $100 million, in 1956 they increased by
$10 million. The rise this year can be attributed to the
depletion of cotton stock held abroad and the policy of the
Government of selling cotton abroad at world market
rather than at the higher domestic prices. The average
foreign sales price during the third quarter was $155 a bale,
as against $187 a year earlier.
Coal shipments which advanced to $219 million during the
third quarter also had a major share in the export rise. The
higher demand for coal comes largely from Europe and
reflects the spreading gap between locally available energy
resources and requirements, as European production, particularly of steel and hard goods, expands.
Source: II. S. Department of Commerce, Office of Business Economics.
Preliminary estimates of travel expenditures abroad indicate an increase over the previous quarter in accordance
with the usual seasonal pattern. Compared with last year
they were about 9 percent higher. In Europe alone, travel
expenditures during the summer season were about 14 percent more than a }^ear ago.
About half of the $110 million decline in Government
grants consisted of smaller utilizations of foreign currencies
which had been paid to the United States for agricultural commodities, either in the same or in previous periods. Smaller
donations of agricultural products for foreign relief accounted
for another fourth of the decline. To a large extent the drop
Investments raise foreign reserves
The $520 million rise in foreign gold and liquid dollar
assets through transactions with the United States, brought
the total for the first 9 months of the year to about $1.3
billion compared with $970 million during the same period
of 1955. About $170 million of the additions to foreign
gold and liquid dollar assets in the third quarter may be
attributed to seasonal factors which lowered foreign expenditures in the United States more than United States expenditures abroad, and about $250 million to the special capital
movements, including the $50 million loan to France mentioned earlier, which took the form of dollar transfers.
SUEVEY OF CURRENT BUSINESS
6
The remaining amount of $100 million was lower than
the rise in foreign gold and liquid dollar assets in any other
3-month period since the first quarter of 1955. Most of the
difference between this amount and the seasonally adjusted
foreign accumulation of gold and liquid dollars during the
second quarter of about $300 million can be attributed to
the rise in unaccounted for transactions, a large part of which
may consist of unrecorded acquisitions of dollar assets by
foreigners.
December 195
The recorded transactions between the United States anc
the rest of the world do not indicate major developments ii
the basic balance of payments adverse to foreign countrie;
as a whole, even if the special capital transactions mentionec
above are left out of considerations. Transactions witl
individual countries or areas did change, however, and then
were also considerable shifts in the net dollar flow amon^
them, which affected their gold and dollar reserves.
Net payments to the United Kingdom, the dependencies
Table 3.—United States Balance of Pay
[Millions of dollars]
All areas
Line
Western Europe
Western European
dependencies
Canada
Item
I
II
19 55
1956
1955
III
I
II"
III v
II
III
1956
II r
III*
1955
II
III
1956
II r
III*
Exports of goods and services, to tal
5,273 5,468 5,444 5,969 7, 023 6,108 1,818 1,835 2,554 2,015 181 166 228 214
Military transfers under grants, net,
790 310
530
571
610 '654 1,093
447 437 434
total.
Other goods and services, total
4,743 4,897 4,834 5,315 5,930 5,661 1,381 1,401 1,764 1,705 181 166 228 214
3
Merchandise, adjusted, excluding
3,471 3, 554 3,396 3,936 4. 406 4, 075 1,007 1,010 1,325 1,250 127 115 162 146
4
military.
Transportation
364
328
198 197
11
12
410
309
348
15
410 145 152
5
16
146
19
16
21
185
170
3
3
3
Travel
127
204
3
17
223
6
Miscellaneous services:
92
83
4
3
210
Private
202
196
197
90
3
212
210
3
87
Government, excluding mili30
15
35
32
32
8 (*)
16
9
1 («) (*)
30
30
8
tary.
Military transactions, 31
48
53
10 (*) (') (*) (*)
7
49
7
18
56
30
9
Income on investments:
Direct investments
. _ _ ._
488
442
454
61
65
60
37
532
505
480
46
60
31
44
10
1
Other private -_
..-_
62
60
18
92
78
66
63
19
17
11
11
Government
48
24
50
48
49
61
45 (*) (*) (*) (*)
25
47
57
12
4,145 4,497 4,623 4,844 5,053 5,034 1,508 1,481 1,791 1,610 308 282 294 294
13 Imports of goods and services, total
Merchandise, adjusted, excluding mili2,775 2,805 2,820 3. 249 3,165 3, 142 557 580
713 694 238 212 235 228
14
tary.
Transportation
325
258
312
331
209 201
7
7
387 108 170
389
7
8
15
208
154 189
21
494 132 166
341
180
25
Travel
-305
451
17
22
If)
Miscellaneous services:
2
1
1
121
113
74
74
74
122
118
139
Private
127
1
17
Government, excluding military
52
24
2
1
57
56
82
19
24
18
2
58
2
90
18
732
Military expenditures
524 334
24
656
38
832
775
682
40
32
640 471 381
19
Income on investments:
1
1
1
119
95
70
112
106
103
73
66
103
Private
1
20
22
Government
26 (*)
16
1 (*) (*)
34
33
27
13
39
16
20
21
Balance on goods and services:
763 405 -127 -116 -66 -80
Total
1,128
971
821 1,125 1,970 1,074 310 354
22
Excluding military transfers _
__ .
471
-27
598
211
627 -127 -80
95 -127 -116 -66 -80
877
400
23
Unilateral transfers, net [to foreign countries (-)]:
Total
. - - - -1,269 -1,199 -1,131 -1,200 -1,711 -965 -659 -650 -1,007 -476
-5 — 7n -6
24
Excluding military supplies and services -739 -628
-217 -166
-6
-5 -5
-546 -618
-521
-518 -222 -216
25
-4
Private remittances
_ _ _ ._ _ _
-108
-111
-111
-118
-61 -59
-135 -54 -55
-119
26
Government:
-610 r -654 -1,093 —447 -437 -434 -790 -310
-530
Military supplies and services- __.
-571
27
-143 -96 (*)
-1
-593
-484 -376 -400 -461 -350 -158 -150
Other grants
28
-34
-13 -11 (*) (*)
Pensions and other transfers
-28
-33 -10 -11
-38
-33
-38
29
(*)
-546 -868 -1,009 -141 -33 -177 -422 -5
-237
19 — 26
5
-577
-125
30 United States capital, net [outflow of
funds (-)].
406 -7
4
-427 -661
-824 -71 -37 -118
Private net total
-48 -412
19 -27
-191
31
1
-35 -256 -6
14 -19
Direct investments, net
-81 -262 -124
-297 -324 -518 -51 -25
32
-68
-13 -103
-9
-92 -103
New issues
. _.
-17
33
75
3
4
2
Redemptions
_
95
59
28
5
14
28
34
1
1
-5 -103
-137
-108
-45 -92 (*)
2
-94 -132 -34 -40
Other long-term, net
35
11
2
55
6
42 -60
Short-term net
-89
-99
18
3 -9
165
25
30
1
1
4
2 («)
-77 -165
-46 -119
-59 -16
-207 -185 -70
Government, net, total
37
-45 -151
-45 -16 r*)
-75 -105
-113 -37 -12
-184
Long-term capital, outflow
38
1
2 (') .....
104
89
80
73
50
70
120
36
99
Repayments
85
39
-64 -80 (*) (*)
-102
—75 -103
-99
-192 -69 -57
-122
Short-term, net
_ _ _
40
154 402 -4
7 ""21
610
156
798 264 341
535
519
41 Foreign capital, net [outflow of funds(— )],
553
total.
1
94
123 112
3
3
103
111
66 114
1
115
95
163
Direct and long-term portfolio invest42
ments other than United States
Government securities.
68
192 -250
39 (") (•) (*)
27
196
108
71
60
Transactions in United States Govern107
43
ment securities.
-52 277 -5 -1 -4
15
144
698
-177
448
44
280
517 168 161
Short-term liabilities to foreign banks
and official institutions.
2
8
5
15 -26
4
80
51
50
58 -41 39
43 -115
45
Other short-term liabilities
-12 -103
42
6
30
34
-15
-163
46 Gold sales [purchases ( — )]
504
154 408 -4
7
21
186
598
4
450
569
635 306 341
47 Foreign capital and gold, total
92
23
43
267
85 141
98
60
159
265 184 -12
80
236
48 Errors and omissions and transfer of funds
between foreign areas [receipts by foreign
areas (— )], net.
1
2
Eastern Europe
1955
II
1956
III
19 56
1955
II
II' III*
III
II r III*
13
5
14
5 1,158 1,123 1,398 1,276
13
4
5
14
5
5 1,158 1,123 1,398 1,276
3 892 831 1,117 968
(')
2
1
(')
1
1
1
(»)
(*)
26
101
30
133
27
25
26
1 (*) (*)
27
1
24
96
(*)
(«)
(«)
23
8
11
11
2
16
16
8
19
18
26
123
22
18
7
71
64
61
38
34
46
1 (X) (*) (•) (•)
15 871 984 930 1,053
15 682 692 725 743
65
32
(*)
(«)
(•)
00
23
62
29
170
31
67
33
178
(*)
(*)
(*)
(•)
(*)
1 («)
(•)
6
1
59
6
1
55
6
1
68
7
1
64
35
3
26
5
27
5
22
-10
-5 -10
287
287
139
139
468
468
223
223
-6
-6
-5
-5
-3
-4
-4
-4
-1
-I
-1
2 -11
2 -11
-3
-3
-3
-3
-3
(*)
(*)
(*)
(*)
l
(
\
1
-3
—3
-2 -2 -3 -2
(*) («)
-81 -65 -196 -224
-9
-9 (*)
16 -19
26
135
-7
-5
92
138
80
2
<*)
2
-2
-I
-83 -65 -199 -224
— 114 -107
-58
-70 —97
10
50
20
-38 -6 -28 -28!
6 -2
—2
-9 (*)
(*)
1 2
3 00
(*)
(*)
1
1
1
1 2
3 (')
-1 (*)
-1
35 123 ~~140
-2 (*) ~~-5 (%
(*)
(-)
w
-3
-5 -38 -134
-2
(*)
(*)
-2 (*)
16
17
-7
12
14
-51 53
j
-6
7
35 123 140
21 -208 -105 -391 -136
r
Revised.
v Preliminary.
n. s. s. Not shown separately.
n. a. Not available.
Note.—Net foreign investment equals the balance on goods, services, and unilateral
transfers for all areas: 1955 I, —141; II, -228; III, -310; 1956 I, -75; II, 259; III, 109.
Source: U. S. Department of Commerce, Office of Business Economics.
SUKVEY OF CURRENT BUSINESS
December 1956
possibly some unrecorded payments to the United States.
Net payments to continental Europe and its dependencies
dropped, however, from about $225 million in the third
quarter of last year to $95 million in the third quarter of
1956 including the $50 million short-term loan to France.
The fact that continental Europe's liquid dollar resources
increased during the latter period by more than $310 million,
indicates that the smaller net receipts of these countries from
the United States were compensated for by larger net dollar
receipts from the United Kingdom.
and the other European sterling area countries, including
the payment for the aforementioned oil company, were
about $360 million, as against $90 million a year earlier
indicating a substantial improvement for the United Kingdom in its transactions with United States. The drop in
official British reserves during the third quarter by $57
million shows, however, that the net payments by the
United States to the United Kingdom were more than offset
by United Kingdom dollar payments to other countries,
some shifts of dollars to nonofficial British accounts or
by Areas—Second and Third Quarters, 1955 and 1956
[Millions of dollars]
Sterling area
International institutions
All other countries
Latin American
Republics
United Kingdom and
other Europe
Total
Other countries
Dependencies
Line
1955
11
1955
1956
III
II
III v
II r
1955
1956
III
II ' III
*
III
II
1955
1956
Hip
II r
III
II
II'
m*
II*
III
II
1955
1956
1955
1956
III"
1,170 1,212 1,370 1,376 1,105 1,082 1, 437 1,199
117
20 128 168 281
22
8
6
23
21
22
23 n.s.s. n.s.s. n.s.s. n.s.s. n.s.s. n.s.s. n.s.s. n.s.s.
n.s.s. n.s.s. n.s.s. n.s.s. n.s.s. n.s.s. n.s.s. n.s.s.
914 1,156 1,082
633 838 779
23
8
21
6
22
8
23
8
1,164 1,204 1,348 1,356
921
951
799
805
977
711
81
48
84
55
83
54
83
61
67
6
74
87
6
85
7
38
6
41
6
43
7
43
7
31
9
31
10
35
14
35
14
5
2
4
5
13
22
204
183
162
11
7
8
11
12
6
1,028 1,049 1,169
939
813
821
219 130
12
5
5
5
1,200 768
939 496
44
10
11
11
11
11
103
59
93
55
138
85
128
72
276
213
272
194
321
244
317
240
3
4
60
12
62
10
75
13-
73
11
40
7
42
5
49
8
47
6
6
2
5
2
9
2
9
2
14
3
15
3
17
3
17
3
G
66
5
65
6
70
6
69
6
50
2
49
2
54
2
3
53
2 (•)
3
1
2
2
13
3
13
3
14
4
14
4
7
8
1
10
3
1
9
24
1
4
189
167
30
3
1
183
161
29
35
2
3
5 (*)
204
197
173
164
10
11
12
13
14
5
2
5
2
5
3
5
3
15
16
1 (')
3
3
11
12
1
5
16
1
5
19
17
18
19
3
107
11
12
922
507
124
1-3
'*)
842
485
438
150
429
160
61
12
61
10
64
48
60
49
75
57
70
59i
55
27
51
32
65
31
2
5
20
13
201 208
4
21
203
66
5
124
64
7
98
62
7
166
62
8
111
64
1
101
63
2
77
39
2
43
2
45
3
43
4
38
2
42
2
70
80
77
89
81
83
84
95
48
9
31
16
6
43
16
5
36
16
8
53
3
12
16
7 201
3
1
4
2
4
2
4
2
1
1
2
1
3
2
142
136
163
155
201
179
176
156
337
209
299
131
591
310
-33
-27
-9
-39
-31
-10
-56
-34
-12
1
3 («)
2
2
1
26
(X)
(X)
2
31
(X)
3
1
2
390
225
11
4
128 n.s.s. n.s.s. n.s.s. n.s.s.
n.s.s. n.s.s. n.s.s. n.s.s.
391
224
85
8
1
775
452
35
138
399
267
1
4
93
355
206
91
10
11
814
466
3
103
835
537
8
4
2 00
34
9
1
28
5
(X)
1 (•)
00
(•)
(*)
(*)
("0
(*)
38
47
33
9
9
7 («)
(*)
545
481
187
201 a97
149
27
40
(*)
163
131
(*)
173
133
42
1
(*)
164
124
60
36
4
19
4
15
5
23
5
20
60
1
141.
60
1
81
1
1
12
1
2
9
1
1
9
1
2
11
43
3
42
4
1
1
1
1
372
255
20
20
-7
18
18
-12 n.s s» n.s.s n.s.s. n.s.s. n.s.s. n.s.s. n.s.s. n.s.s.
-12 -80 -11 -72
-7 -83 -30 -154 -91
-84
-84
-70
-70
-35
-35
-52 -463 -414 -620 -401
-32 -335 -246 -339 -284
-14 -37 -37 -37 -53
-31
-31
-16
-16
-14
-14
-21 n.s.s. n.s.s. n.s.s. n.s.s. n.s.s. n.s.s. n.s.s. n.s.s.
-21 -113 -75 -101 -67 -50 -14 -39 -18
-22 -21 -22 -22 -12 -12 -13 -12
-4
-4
-4
-4
-4
-4
-6
-6
-4
—6
-17
j
-164
-8 -22 -20 -128 -168 -281 -117
-20 -20 -16 -278 -189 -283 -213
2 -2 -20 -20 -19 -18
-1
-49 -192 -215 -180 -90 -259 -118
-31
-16
-14
-21
-134
-111
-24 -175 -175 -110
2 -111 -137 -36
—1
-8
2
1
2
15
—61
-1 -14
38 -65 -26 -82
-25 -17 -40 -70
-32 -26 -31 -48
39
20
7
20
-13 -30 -29 -29
80
137 140
14
3
-39
13
-30
66
37
-1
127
2
20
145
-4
2
-11
3
-78
-26
(«)
127
-72
-7
-19
-9
-63 -124
-34 -45
-12 -22
3 (*)
-11 -11
-9 -46
-27 -135
-31 -113
6
7
-3 -28
77
130
-20
-19
-6
13
5
-13
-98
-31
16
-83
26
-7
-21
-9
4
1
2
-7
i
n.s.s. n.s.s. n.s.s. n.s.s. n.s.s. n s.s. n.s.s. n.s s.
-89 -51 -77 -43 -36 0)
-25
—4 (*)
2
2
2 -2 -1
-2
(*)
-36 -25 -19 -141 -303
-3 -10 -34 -255
-3
4.
2
4
4
2
-1
7
1
1
-45
3
-2
75
56
88
136
134
73
6
40
-10
115
-2
00
19
-20
60
-13
3
47
18
3 -14 -1
-85 00
2
52 140 132 "~77 """26
39 166
121
73 211
-5
-39
1
1 (')
-21 -10
-4 -14
48
(«)
00
2
"-33 -20
-35 -10
2
2
3
-13
-3
112
77
156
5
6 (*)
2
rr
2 («)
-6
-8
-9
-9
27
51
-3
-83 "—83
-6
29
-24
75
II ' HI*
III
II
850
553
138
10
6
827
523
28
III P
II'
764
516
16
3
III
1956
1955
734
478
124 146
8
7
6
6
783 846
507 535
4
II
1956
4 -131 -243
-6 -75 -201
-6 -11
13
2 00
-13 -32 -57
27 -13
2
-23 -10 -60
-9 -36
-9
4
26
20
-18
6 -77
42
-95
50
53
15
32
6
107 -141
-36
(*)
156
62
4
-24
5
-4
-19
47
-7
-19
28
-15
-21
-11
29
-57
1
00
130
2
-17
-97
16
13
64
18
-18
42
-63 -255
-31 -199
-1
-2
14
60
51
11
12
31
6
11
12
2
10
1
-3
—1
-10
-21
-40
25
-9
-31
-95
200
50
264
42
335
130
6
-97
151
64
163
42
322
20
21
00
(*)
22
n.s.s. n.s.s. n.s.s. n.s.s.
-59 -57 -56 -44
-6
—5
-5
-6
24
25
26
n.s.s. n.s s n.s.s n s s
-51 -51 -38
-1 (*)
(x)
-31 -88 -46
27
2S
29
30
(«)'
-13
-10
3
-6
27
-23 -49
14
1
-22 -27
-6 -11
2 (*)
13
4 -11 (•)
-1 (*)
00
-8 -39 -60
9
-9 -36
4
2
8
-1
-7 -59
6 -13
-7
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
(')
00
42
K
-5
-4
—1
22
20
3
50
25
(•)
-36 n.s.s. n.s.s. n.s.s. n.s.s.
-36
117
87
89
120
-19
-17
-2
-3
2 00
(*)
00
V
-2
CO ~~( >" 00 C)
(*)
(*) 00 00 (*)
(«) 00 (*)
7
51
89 -142
1
00
(*)
-i
-53
-1
(*)22 -19
% (*)
-21
0)
63
-14
00
C)
1
(•)
90
-5
-4
56
3
(*)
-1
61
(*)
(*)
(«)
1
<«)
-4
-8
-13
43
4
19
6 -12
-14
44
3
7
-1
7
7
36
27
-34
-13
40
-7
-23
45
46
47
48
6
-7
by Marie T. Bradshaw, Daniel Roxon, and Max Lechter
Exports and Domestic Business
JCjXP^
r'ANSION in export business stands out as one of the
important demand factors underlying the buoyancy of the
domestic economy in 1956. Merchandise exports (excluding military aid goods) climbed to an unprecedented $16.8
billion at an annual rate during January-October 1956, up
nearly 20 percent from the like period of 1955. Taken as
an aggregate, exports during 1956 claimed a larger share of
national output than in any year since the post-Korean
boom period of 1951.
Merchandise Exports and Gross
National Product
Exports and gross national product
INDEX, 1925-55=100 (ratio scale)
200
-
150
MERCHANDISE EXPORTS,
QUANTITY
. MILITARY GRANT-AID)
GROSS NATIONAL
PRODUCT
(BASED ON CONSTANT DOLLARS)
100
90
80
70
60
50
40
3 0
© First nine months,
at annual rate
I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I ! I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I 1 I
1925 ,
30
35
40
45
50
55
60
Basic Data: Exports, Bur. of Foreign Commerce
U. S, Department of Commerce, Office of Business Economics
56-43-2
During 1956 and throughout the postwar period exports,
particularly of agricultural items, have been facilitated by
Government aid and special financing arrangements. Exports (excluding military aid) over the period 1946-56 have
aggregated $143 billion while Government net economic aid
since the end of World War II has totaled about $39 billion.
NOTE.—MISS BRADSHAW, MR. ROXON, AND MR. LECHTER ARE MEM.
BERS OF THE BALANCE OF PAYMENTS DIVISION, OFFICE OF BUSINESS
ECONOMICS.
8
The major expansion in markets abroad during the current year makes particularly relevant the present study of
long-run changes in the composition and direction of United
States exports and their implications for the domestic
economy. The review, which covers the period from 1925 to
1956, complements a somewhat similar analysis of merchandise imports presented in the November 1955 issue of the
SURVEY. Both studies have involved a complete reclassification of the foreign trade data into new commodity categories which can be compared with broad domestic1 and
foreign indicators of production and demand as well as output in individual domestic industries.
The chart pictures the overall comparisons of the movements since 1925 of gross national product expressed in
constant dollars and the volume of exports of domesticallyproduced goods. Over this long period the average yearly
increase in the real gross national product was 3 percent
while the annual increment in the volume of export business
averaged 2.6 percent.
The 1956 ratio of exports to gross national product is near
the ratio associated with the post-Korean scare-buying period
of 1951 although below that of the years immediately following World War II—particularly in 1947 when pent-up
demands abroad resulted in a record volume of exports. Each
of the consecutive annual gains in exports over the past
three years, however, has resulted in a higher relationship of
exports to the gross national product. In 1954 exports expanded and thus aided in offsetting a moderate dip in other
components of the gross national product, while in 1955
and 1956 the growth in export sales was proportionately
greater than the increase in domestic sales of the Nation's
overall output.
The claim of exports on the gross national product during
1956, moreover, is relatively greater than during the 1930's—
including the years immediately preceding World War II
when exports had regained much of the ground lost during
the recession of 1930-32.
As compared to the 1920's, however, exports—notwithstanding their recent gain?—have declined relative to the
gross national product. This development, which must be
attributed mainly to the changes in the flow of dollars abroad
and other demands on foreign dollar resources, appears to have
affected mostly our agricultural exports over this period.
From 1929 to January-September 1956 the quantity of
agricultural exports increased by about one-third while the
gross national product in constant dollars expanded by
around 120 percent. Over the same period, the volume of
nonagricultural exports had risen relatively faster than the
gross national product—by almost 140 percent.
It is true that the expansion in the volume of agricultural
exports since 1929 has been proportionately about as great
as the real rise in gross farm product while the long-term
increase in nonfarm exports matched an almost equal relative
growth in the volume of nonf arm gross national product.
Yet the fact that agricultural exports have continued
SUEVEY OF CUEEENT BUSINESS
December 1956
throughout the entire period to account for a relatively much
larger component of total exports than farm product has of
the aggregate national product, accounts in large measure
for the decline in the overall relationship between total exports and total domestic output.
In further evaluating the somewhat greater rise in gross
national product than in exports since the 1920's it should
be noted that a considerable portion of the long-term rise in
gross national product has consisted of Government services
and other nonmerchandise items. Hence the ratio of exports
to domestic output of movable goods alone shows an even
more moderate decline than the ratio of exports to the overall
gross national product.
Notwithstanding their reduced claim on domestic output
since the 1920's, exports during intervals of declining
domestic business activity have behaved more favorably in
the postwar period than in prewar years. In 1948-49 as
well as during 1953-54, the volume of exports expanded and
thus compensated in part for the slack in domestic demands.
This contrasts with developments in 1930-32 when a relatively sharper drop occurred in exports than in domestic
business, largely because of the rapidly shrinking outflow of
United States capital. In 1937-38 exports also dipped although on slightly and relatively far less than domestic
output.
The relationship between exports and gross national
product in current dollars would be substantially similar to
that pictured in the chart. The current value data, howover, show a much steeper decline in exports relative to the
gross national product during the early 1930's. During that
period prices of farm products, which weigh far more heavily
in exports than in gross national product, moved downward
considerably faster than prices of other goods. Looking at
the more recent period, 1954-56, the rise in the current value
of exports relative to the current value of gross national
product is somewhat less accentuated than that shown on
the constant value chart due to the downtrend in export
prices of some major agricultural export items.
Trends in the relationship of exports to the gross national
product obviously provide only a summary evaluation of the
changing claim of exports on domestic economic output.
Hence in the discussion which follows, broad shifts in the
commodity structure and direction of exports are analyzed
9
and related to basic developments abroad and corresponding
changes in the output of major groups of domestic industries.
Changed commodity structure of exports
For purposes of this study, exports have been reclassified
into four major categories: Capital equipment, consisting
of machinery and commercial transportation equipment;
producers' supplies and materials including both crude and
fabricated materials (except food and drugs); food and drugs;
and finished consumer items except food and drugs. These
groupings, in turn, have been subdivided into their respective
agricultural and nonagricultural components.
The chart on p. 10 contrasts the patterns of change since
1925-29 in each of these major categories of exports, and
illustrates the extent to which nonagricultural products (excluding food and drugs), particularly capital equipment, dominated the rise in exports from the prewar to the postwar
periods.
In the first 9 months of 1956 our foreign customers had
raised their dollar expenditures for United States-produced
capital equipment to an annual rate of $5.2 billion or by
nearly 600 percent as compared with 1925-29 and by over 900
percent as compared with 1930-39. Exports of machinery
and commercial transportation equipment, moreover, comprised nearly one-third of total domestic exports during
January-September 1956, a share greatly in excess of thatprevailing during either the 1920's or the 1930's (see table 1).
The less spectacular but nevertheless significant growth
since the prewar years in foreign purchases of nonagricultural
producers' supplies and materials is also highlighted in the
chart and contrasts sharply with the behavior of exports
of agricultural materials over the same period. Whereas
in January-September 1956 the value of exports of nonagricultural materials had climbed to $5.6 billion at an annual
rate as compared with yearly averages of $1.7 billion in
1925-29 and hardly $1.0 billion in the 1930-39 period, the
current rate of agricultural raw material exports is scarcely
higher than in the years 1925-29. The latter development
reflects primarily the declining relative importance of raw
cotton which comprised 18 percent of total United States exports in 1925-29 and considerably less than 5 percent in
recent years.
Notwithstanding its far less prominent role as a supplier
of raw material exports, the agricultural sector of the
Table 1.—Domestic Exports of Agricultural and Nonagricultural Products, by Economic Categories, 1925-56
Yearly averages
Category
Total domestic exports, adjusted
(excluding military grant aid) 2 .. .
Agricultural
Nonagricultural
1930-39
1925-29
_ _ _
Producers' supplies and materials
Agricultural
. __ _ _
Nonagricultural.-
_
1954
1946-49
1956 i
(Jan.-Sept. at
annual rate)
1955
1950-53
Million
dollars
Percent
Million
dollars
Percent
Million
dollars
Percent
Million
dollars
Percent
Million
dollars
Percent
Million
dollars
Percent
Million
dollars
4,874
100.0
2,548
100.0
12, 137
100.0
12, 193
100.0
12, 707
100.0
14, 116
100.0
16, 376
100.0
1,880
2,994
38.6
61.4
783
1,765
30.8
69.2
3,543
8,594
29.2
70.8
3,299
8,894
27.1
72.9
3,054
9,653
24.1
75.9
3,196
10,920
22.7
77.3
3,794
12,582
23.2
76.8
2,800
1,103
1,697
57.4
22.6
34.8
1,474
501
973
57.8
19.7
38.1
4,827
1,012
3,815
39.8
8.4
31.4
5,194
1,367
3,827
42.6
11.2
31.4
5,460
1,408
4,052
43.0
11.1
31.9
6,058
1,183
4,875
42.9
8.4
34.5
6,858
1,218
5,640
41.9
7.5
34-4
Percent
Capital equipment.
765
15.7
527
20.7
3,332
27.4
3,664
30.0
4,037
31.8
4,350
30.8
5,216
31.9
Food and drugs
_
Agricultural
Nonagricultural (mainly drugs)
822
777
45
16.9
16.0
.9
312
282
30
12.3
11. 1
1.2
2,765
2,531
234
22.8
20.8
2.0
2,205
1,932
273
18.1
15.9
2.2
1,928
1,646
282
15.2
13.0
2.2
2.284
2; 013
271
16.2
14.3
1.9
2,859
2,576
283
17.4
15.7
1.7
Finished consumer goods (excluding food
and drugs)
481
9.9
232
9.1
1,072
8.8
976
8.0
1,112
8.7
1,245
8.8
1,265
7.7
All other and unclassified (mainly shipments valued under $100)
6
.1
3
.1
141
1.2
154
1.3
170
1.3
179
1.3
178
1.1
1. Unadjusted for seasonal variations.
2. Adjusted to exclude household and personal effects and motion picture films exported on a royalty basis.
Source: U. S. Department of Commerce, Office of Business Economics.
408827 °—56
2
10
SURVEY OF CURRENT BUSINESS
economy has accounted for the bulk of the increase since the
prewar period in United States exports of consumer-type
items. A comparison of the two lower panels on the chart
shows that during the postwar years shipments of foodstuffs
have far overshadowed our aggregate exports of a wide
range of finished consumer items (except food and drugs).
Throughout the postwar period, moreover, foodstuffs have
comprised a considerably larger component of total United
States exports than during the 1930's while finished consumer
items (other than food and drugs) have become somewhat
less important relative to the overall export picture.
The relatively minor share of finished nonfood consumer
items in our total postwar exports (less than 8 percent in
January-September 1956) can be attributed, among other
factors, to the discrimination against consumer goods in favor
of capital equipment by means of import and foreign exchange controls in many of our leading foreign markets.
December 1956
Shift to Western Hemisphere markets
These long-term variations in the commodity pattern of
United States export trade obviously resulted to a major
extent from shifts in the relative importance of our leadingexport markets, each of which has displayed its own distinct
pattern of commodity demand. Most pronounced among
such shifts since the prewar period has been the far greater
prominence of Western Hemisphere countries, and the diminished role of European countries, as destinations for
United States exports. This development, it will be recalled,
is analagous to a somewhat similar secular change in the
relative position of these areas as suppliers of United States
merchandise imports. Such similar shifts in the geographical
pattern of both our exports and imports as compared to the
period before World War II are of course far from being
coincidental, since the postwar rise in the quantity and price
Merchandise Exports by Economic Categories
Excluding Military Grant-Aid
BILLIONS OF DOLLARS
8 CAPITAL
PRODUCERS 1 SUPPLIES AND
EQUIPMENT
MATERIALS
NONAGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS
A G R I C U L T U R A L PRODUCTS
6—
4 -
4 FOOD
AND
DRUGS
OTHER
CONSUMER
GOODS
C I N C L . PASSENGER C A R S )
n
Hi ™
192529
3039
4649
50-
53
+- ANNUAL A V E R A G E S
*first nine months, at annual rates
U. S. Department of Commerce, Office of Business Economics
54
1925-
29
«
30-
46-
50-
39
49
53
ANNUAL AVERAGES •
- i
54
55
56*
»•
Baiio<'datas""Eruretiu"QT Census
SURVEY OF CURRENT BUSINESS
December 1956
of United States imports from Western Hemisphere countries has contributed prominently to their purchasing power.
Moreover, the reemergence in recent years of other industrial
countries as export competitors has not advanced sufficiently
to substantially diminish the dominant position of the United
States as a supplier in these markets.
Canada supersedes UK as leading market
Table 2 shows that in recent years, including the first 9
months of 1956, our customers in the Western Hemisphere
claimed around one-half of total United States exports,
whereas in each of the periods 1925-29 and 1930-39 their
combined share aggregated about one-third.
Currently, Canada alone accounts for one-fourth of our
total export sales. In January-September 1956, Canadian
purchases in the United States climbed to a record annual
rate of $4.1 billion and were over 5 times as great as our sales
to the United Kingdom which had been the leading individual
United States export market during the prewar period (see
table 2).
11
Rise in Latin American export business
Although mainly due to the declining importance of Argentina as a market, the relative expansion in United States sales
to Latin America as a whole was somewhat less remarkable
than the corresponding increase in shipments to Canada, the
growth in certain individual Latin American export markets,
particularly Mexico, Colombia, and Venezuela, was proportionately even greater that than occurring in the case of the
Canadian market (see table 2).
These long-term gains in exports to Western Hemisphere
countries are in part a reflection of our increased importance
relative to other exporting countries as a supplier of both
Canadian and Latin American imports. The share of the
United States in total Canadian imports rose from about
three-fifths in 1937 to nearly three-fourths in the first half
of 1956 while our proportionate contribution to aggregate
Latin American imports increased over the same period
from about one-third to roughly one-half.
Table 2.—Exports (including reexports) by Continents and Selected Countries of Destination,1 1925-56
Yearly averages
Area and country
1925-29
1954
1946-49
1930-39
|
1956 2
(Jan.-Sept. at
annual rate)
1955
1950-53
Million Percent Million Percent Million Percent Million Percent Million Percent Million Percent Million Percent
dollars
dollars
dollars
dollars
dollars
dollars
dollars
4,991
100.0
2,604
100.0
12,345
100.0
12, 346
100.0
12,851
100.0
14, 262
100.0
16, 570
100.0
Western Hemisphere
Canada
Other
Mexico
Cuba
Colombia
Venezuela
Argentina
Brazil..
Chile
Centrals American Republics .
Other
1,718
827
891
128
154
49
37
169
96
44
77
137
34.4
16.6
17.8
2.6
3.1
1.0
.7
3.4
1.9
.9
1.5
2.7
853
406
447
69
62
27
29
65
49
20
41
85
32.8
15.6
17.2
2.6
2.4
1.0
1.1
2.5
1.9
.8
1.6
3.3
5, 009
1,870
3,139
531
396
185
419
346
470
113
241
438
40.6
15.2
25. 4
4.3
1.5
3.4
2.8
3.8
.9
2.0
3.5
6, 158
2,734
3,424
635
486
243
467
158
479
117
249
590
49.8
22.1
27.7
5.1
3.9
2.0
3.8
1.3
3.9
.9
2.0
4.8
6,475
2,966
3, 509
634
429
343
534
123
456
75
300
615
50.4
23.1
27.3
4.9
3. 3
2.7
4. *•
1.0
3.5
.6
2.3
4.8
6,890
3,400
3.490
700
451
331
556
148
241
91
295
677
48.3
23.8
24.5
4.9
3.2
2.3
3.9
1.0
1.7
.6
2.1
4.8
7,990
4,065
3,925
804
489
347
611
203
288
137
304
742
48.2
24. 5
23. 1
4.9
3.0
2 1
3.7
1. 2
1.7
.8
1.8
4.5
Rest of world
3,273
65.6
1,751
67.2
7, 336
59.4
6,188
50.2
6, 376
49.6
7, 372
51.7
8,580
51.8
27.1
.9
5.4
2.1
2.6
3.3
3.8
1.2
2,4
.8
4, 298
162
924
319
359
476
595
164
356
154
76
131
96
486
30.1
1.1
6.5
2 2
2.5
3 3
4, 985
178
800
399
535
533
708
203
496
235
90
121
110
577
30.1
1. 1
4.8
2.4
3.2
3.2
4. 3
1.2
3.0
1.4
15.0
1.3
15.5
1.4
.9
1.9
4. c>
.9
.2
.6
.5
.4
.2
2,575
225
141
311
759
157
72
39
97
76
51
70
Total exports (excluding military grant aid)
Europe
.......
Sweden
United Kingdom
Belgium
France
Netherlands
Germany. - .
_ _ _.
Switzerland "
Italy
Spain
Greece
Yugoslavia
Turkey
Other *
Asia.
...
IndiaPakistan
Philippines
Japan ... _ .
Korea _
Iran _
Iraq
Israel
Saudi Arabia
Thailand
Indochina (Vietnam, Laos, Cambodia)
China. .
P"ormosa
Other s
Oceania. _
Australia. New Zealand- ...
Other 3
Africa
Egypt _ __Belgian Congo
Union of South Africa
Others . . .
-
}
_.
_
. __
.
2,392
49
908
112
256
139
439
10
162
78
15
1
4
219
578
47.9
1.0
18.2
2.2
5.1
2.8
8.8
.2
3.2
1.6
.3
(*)
.1
4-4
1,171
45
455
63
142
71
130
10
66
30
7
3
6
143
45.0
1.7
17.5
fj. 4
5.5
27
5.0
i
2.5
52
11.6
1.1
73
259
n. a.
1
1
2
1
2
2
117
n a
68
1.5
5.2
n. a.
(*)
(*)
(*)
(*)
(-)
(')
2.4
n. a
1.4
419
33
64
198
11. a.
4
2
3
11
2
3
66
n. a.
33
1,910
16.1
f
284
1.3 \
32
2.5
411
328
7.6
45
n. a.
45
.1
.1
11
.1
40
64
•4
17
16
'.1
278
2.5
17
n. a.
1.3
322
194
154
38
2
3.9
3.1
.8
(*)
71
52
17
2
2.7
2.0
.6
.1
196
144
46
6
109
11
1
53
2.2
.2
(*)
1.1
.9
90
9
1
50
30
3.4
.3
00
1.9
1.2
679
46
43
350
240
44
'.3
.1
.2
5.5
n. a. Not available. * Less than one-tenth of one percent.
1. Global and area totals (and Canada) include "cash special category" exports (potential
military end-items not shipped under military grant aid programs). Individual country
totals exclude all "special category" exports.
4, 551
202
826
358
654
303
588
154
437
38
4142
48
460
356
36.8
1.6
6.7
2.9
5.3
2.4
4.8
1.2
3.5
.3
n. a.
.4
n. a.
2.9
3, 378
115
672
294
369
262
440
152
375
71
72
86
56
414
27.4
.9
5.4
2.4
3.0
2.1
3.6
1.2
3.0
.6
.6
.7
.5
3.4
3, 486
119
692
270
333
423
494
154
305
99
48
100
79
370
15.5
2,055
303
57
302
577
65
27
20
92
64
48
28
8
53
411
16.7
2.5
.5
2.5
2,010
162
33
326
680
87
46
28
76
43
43
51
15.7
1.3
.3
2.5
5.3
.7
.4
.2
.6
.3
•4
2,145
187
50
339
643
126
54
34
90
69
50
33
94
341
.7
2.7
105
365
.7
2.5
107
470
.6
2.8
222
150
40
32
1.8
1.2
.3
.3
263
190
43
30
2.0
1.5
:l
294
201
52
41
2.1
1.4
'.8
255
165
46
44
1.6
1.0
.3
.3
533
62
58
198
215
4.3
.5
.5
1.6
1.7
617
40
49
229
299
4.8
.3
•4
1.8
2.3
635
79
53
261
242
4.5
.6
.4
1.8
1.7
765
120
61
272
312
4.6
.7
•4
1.6
1.9
'.3
3.3
2.7
.4
.4
.1
.3
.5
.1
.1
~'A
2.6
1.6
1.2
(*)'
5.5
'4,
2.8
1.9
4
:l.2
.2
.7
.5
•4
.2
.1
•4
3.3
• 'i
.8
.6
2.8
1.2
2.5
1.1
.5
.9
.7
3.4
2.4
4.5
.9
.4
2. Unadjusted for seasonal variations.
3. Including "cash special category" for the entire area.
4. Yearly average for 1S46-1947.
gource: ^ g DepartJJjent of Commerce, Office of Business Economics.
.7
,1 6
'.2
.6
.5
.3
SURVEY OF CURRENT BUSINESS
12
Impact of U. S. direct investments
United States investments are a major factor contributing
to our stronger position in both these markets. During the
postwar years Canada has been the most prominent country
receiving United States capital. The heavy outflow of such
funds from the United States has greatly facilitated the high
rate of development and expansion which has characterized
the Canadian economy in recent years and which, in turn,
has stimulated Canadian demands for imported capital
equipment, industrial materials, and other goods.
In Latin America, the other major area to which United
States private foreign investment activity has been directed
since World War II, Venezuela provides an outstanding
example of the link between such investments and the
demand for United States exports. To an important extent
due to the large-scale development by American-controlled
companies of Venezuela's petroleum, and more recently its
iron ore industry, Venezuela's national income in 1955 was
9 times as great as in 1937. Over the same period, Venezuelan imports from the United States underwent a twelvefold expansion and climbed even further in the first 9 months
of 1956 to an annual rate of over $600 million.
December 1956
prominent contributions to the development of the petroleum
industry, has also been a noteworthy feature of our postwar
export trade. Exports to countries such as Iran, Iraq, and
Saudi Arabia, almost negligible before World War II, have
displayed an almost steady uptrend in recent years. Israel,
another large postwar recipient of United States capital and
of private and Government aid has likewise become a fairly
significant market for United States merchandise, as have
Thailand, Egypt, and the Belgian Congo.
Exports to Asia rise faster than imports
It is interesting to note that as compared with the prewar
period United States exports to Asia have risen relatively
much faster than our imports from Asia, while at the same
time, exports to Canada, Latin America, and Europe have
increased in very roughly the same proportions as our
respective merchandise imports from these areas.
Whereas during the prewar period Japan financed its
dollar purchases by maintaining an export surplus with the
United States, during the postwar period Japan has financed
a sizable portion of its increased dollar imports by means of
United States Government aid and receipts from United
States military expenditures. Our enhanced exports during
the postwar period to some other Asiatic countries—particularly Korea, Formosa, and Indochina, have also been
financed to a large extent by Government economic aid.
Declining role ofUK market
Although during the first three quarters of 1956 United
States nonmilitary exports to Europe were at an annual rate
of nearly $5 billion, the highest since 1947, Europe continued
to account for a considerably smaller portion of our total
exports than during either the 1920's or the 1930's. This
development reflects primarily the relative decline in shipments to the United Kingdom which since World War II
has obtained a far greater portion of its import requirements
from the rest of the sterling area.
Although over this period Germany and France also
claimed a diminishing share of United States exports, continental European countries as a group claimed about onefourth of our total exports during 1955 and the first 9 months
of 1956, a portion nearly as large as during the prewar period.
This reflects the currently greater importance of Netherlands, Switzerland, Greece, Yugoslavia, and Turkey in our
overall exports than in the years before World War II.
Diverse trends in outer sterling area markets
Export sales to India and Pakistan, also consisting in part
of commodities shipped under special Government programs,
have risen relatively much faster as compared with the
prewar period than United States imports from these countries. In recent years the Union of South Africa has likewise
developed into a far more prominent export market than
before World War II, but without the need for Government
aid.
United States trading relationships with Australia and
New Zealand, on the other hand, have undergone an opposite
long-term change, the expansion in exports to these two
sterling area countries since the prewar period having been
relatively moderate, especially when contrasted to the
corresponding rise in their sales to the United States.
New markets in Middle East and Africa
The emergence of new markets, particularly in MiddleEastern countries where United States interests have made
Table 3.—Domestic Exports in 1955 by Geographic Areas and by Economic Categories
Percent distribution of exports to each area by
economic category
Exports of each economic category by area
Area
All categories,
total
Million
dollars
Total domestic
exports, adjusted 2
14,116
(excluding military grant
aid)
Canada
3,131
Other Western Hemisphere- 3,307
Europe
4,116
Asia and. Oceania
2,321
Africa
586
"Cash special category"
655
Capital
equipment
Producers'
supplies,
materials
Percent
Million
dollars
Percent
Million
dollars
Percent
Million
dollars
Percent
Million
dollars
Percent
100.0
4,350
100.0
6,058
100.0
2,284
100.0
1,245
100.0
238
465
1,009
507
65
10.4
22.2
28. 5
29.1
16.4
4.2
4.6
1,171
1,180
662
665
236
436
26.9
27.2
15.2
15.3
5.4
10.0
1,286
1,152
2,231
982
188
219
21 ®
19.0
36.8
16.2
3.1
3.7
1. Excluding food and drugs.
2. Adjusted to exclude household and personal effects and motion picture films exported
on a royalty basis.
Finished consumer goods l
Food and
drugs
30.5
35.3
15. 5
11.7
7.0
379
440
193
146
87
20.4
44.2
22.2
2.8
I
i
Unclassified
Million
dollars
179
57
70
21
21
10
All
categories,
total
Capital
ProFood Finished Unequip- ducers'
and
conclassiment supplies, drugs sumer
fied
materials
goods i
Percent
Percent Percent
100.0
3 100.0
31.9
39.1
11.7
11.7
5.6
"""
3 100.0
3 100. 0
3 100. 0
3 100. 0
3 100. 0
Percent Percent Percent
342.9
330.8
35.2
34.0
15.6
27.4
37.3
38.7
33.1
52.4
40.4
29.7
i
16.2
7.2
13.4
23.7
20.9
10.3
Percent
8.8
11.4
12.7
4.5
6.0
13.7
1.3
3
7. 5
*6.8
33.8
3J.3
3.9.0
"
3. Includes ''cash special category" exports; these are not available on a continent by economic category basis.
Source: U . S . Department of Commerce, Office of Business Economics.
December 1956
SURVEY OF CURRENT BUSINESS
Demand patterns differ by area
Table 3 shows the relative weights of each of the four
major commodity categories in our exports to each continent
during 1955. It contrasts, the remarkably similar patterns
of demand on the part of Canada, Latin America, and Africa,
with the considerably different structures of demand
reflected in our exports to Europe and Asia.
Whereas machinery and commercial transportation equipment comprised over one-third of the total value of our
exports to Canada, Latin America, and Africa, it represented
only 27 percent of total United States exports to Asia and
less than 16 percent of our aggregate shipments to Europe.
Moreover, finished consumer items (other than food and
drugs), a fairly substantial component of our export trade
with Western Hemisphere countries and with Africa, accounted for hardly 5 and 6 percent of total 1955 exports to
Europe and Asia, respectively.
Although producers' supplies and materials ranked in
importance with capital equipment as an outstanding segment of United States export trade with both Canada and
Latin America, this commodity category formed an even
more dominant portion of our exports to the rest of the world,
particularly to Europe.
The extent to which European demand was concentrated
on producers' supplies and materials and on foodstuffs, is
especially striking. These basic items, which comprised over
three-fourths of our overall $4.1 billion of nonmilitary export
shipments to Europe in 1955, were relatively even a larger
part of our total sales to prominent individual European
customers such as the United Kingdom, Germany, the
Netherlands, and Italy.
Exports to Japan were dominated by foodstuffs and
industrial supplies and materials to an even greater extent
than exports to Europe. This was not true, however, of
exports to a number of other countries in Asia and Oceania.
Sales of capital equipment bulked large in our shipments to
Australia, New Zealand, India, Pakistan, Thailand, and the
oil-producing countries in the Middle East. Middle Eastern
countries, moreover, also devoted a sizeable portion of their
total dollar expenditures to the purchase of durable consumer
goods such as appliances and passenger cars.
Due to limitations in the export statistics themselves, and
to the changing relative importance and varied demand
characteristics of individual export markets within each
major area, it is somewhat difficult to generalize and to compare these recent patterns of demand with the patterns which
characterized our trade with each continent during the
1920's and the 1930's. Several outstanding changes should
be noted, however, from the standpoint of their contribution
to the major shifts which have occurred in the overall commodity structure of our export trade.
Heavy equipment to Western Hemisphere
During the postwar period machinery and commercial
transportation equipment have comprised a substantially
larger share of total United States exports to both Canada
and Latin America than during the years before World War
II, a development which accounts in large measure for the
more prominent role of capital equipment in the makeup of
our overall exports during recent years.
The more than fivefold rise in such sales to Canada from
1929 to 1955 and the even greater gain as compared with
1937, coupled with similar relative advances in Canadian
domestic investment, have been a major factor in the rise
of the Canadian gross national product. Record shipments
of capital equipment to Canada during 1956, moreover,
reflect new peaks in Canadian expenditures both for new
construction and for machinery and equipment.
13
Our currently high sales of capital equipment to Latin
America, which reflect absolute and relative long-term gains
rivalling those which occurred in exports to Canada, likewise may be attributed to the long-term growth of investment outlays in that area, including large United States
investments. In recent years such expenditures have
claimed a considerably larger share of the total goods and
services available to Latin America as a whole than in either
1929 or 1937.
Since it is anticipated that in Latin America as well as
in Canada, heavy construction activity will reach an all-time
high in 1956, it is not surprising that construction and mining
machinery, tractors, electrical machinery, engines and
turbines and other heavy equipment bulk large in our current
sales to both areas. Since World War II, trucks and buses
and some other forms of commercial transport equipment
have also become relatively more important items in exports
to both areas, particularly to Latin America where much of
the recent increase in new construction activity has been
in highway development and improvement.
Accelerated development and expansion programs in a
number of countries in Asia and Africa have likewise contributed to the increased relative importance of capital
equipment in our total exports as compared with the prewar
period. Nevertheless, in 1955, Canada and Latin America
each accounted for between 25 and 30 percent of overall
export sales in this category.
Consumer goods sales to nearby markets
The dominant role of the rest of the Western Hemisphere
as a market for finished consumer goods (excluding food and
drugs) was also a notable feature of our postwar export
trade. As a group, Western Hemisphere countries accounted for nearly two-thirds of total United States exports
iii this category during 1955, a portion considerably greater
than before World War II.
Ranked in order of their importance, the three top customers in 1955—Canada, Venezuela, and Cuba—accounted
for nearly one-half of our total foreign sales within this
group. These three markets, significantly enough, are
among the few which have been relatively free from import
and exchange controls during the postwar period. In
Mexico, which rivaled Cuba as a market for American consumer goods, import and exchange controls have also been
considerably less restrictive than those enforced by the
majority of other countries.
Exports of radio., TV, and appliances
Exports of radio and TV, electrical appliances, and phonographs and records were among those consumer items to
show the largest relative gains since the prewar period. In
1955 sales to Western Hemisphere countries claimed 83
percent of our exports of radios and TV, nearly three-fourths
of total foreign sales of electrical appliances, and two-thirds
of our exports of phonographs and records. Perhaps even
more interesting is the fact that Canada by itself claimed
a share of over 45 percent in aggregate United States exports
of these three products.
Smaller gains in passenger car sales
Whereas exports of passenger cars to Western Hemisphere
countries had more than doubled from 1929 to 1955, shipments to the rest of the world gained by one-third. European purchases rose by even less than one-third while sales
to Australia and New Zealand showed a large absolute,
decline.
14
SURVEY OF CURRENT BUSINESS
It is true that in 1955 the dollar volume of passenger car
sales to Asiatic countries was twice as high as in 1929,
while exports to the Union of South Africa—our outstanding
market in Africa—had enjoyed an even greater relative
expansion. The latter two markets, however, accounted for
about one-fifth of total passenger car exports in 1955, only
half the share accounted for by Latin America alone.
Sales of most other major types of nonfood consumer goods
exports—including textiles, leather goods, and durable
household equipment other than appliances—to Canada
and other Western Hemisphere countries similarly exceeded
our sales to the rest of the world.
Limited consumer goods sales to Europe
In Europe, Belgium and Switzerland stand out as fairly
significant markets for American consumer goods, especially
passenger cars. Excluding purchases by these two countries,
amounting to roughly $70 million in 1955, European expenditures for such items, including passenger cars, aggregated
hardly $100 million. A few countries, moreover, notably
Sweden, France, and the Netherlands accounted for the bulk
of these purchases.
Aside from shipments to the Western Hemisphere and
these live European countries, the Middle East, the Philippines, and South Africa account for most of our remaining
current export sales of such consumer end-items.
December 195(
the long-run decline in our sales of petroleum products in
European markets. In the prewar period, when European
refineries had a far smaller capacity than in recent years,
petroleum products, particularly lubricating oils and gasoline, had comprised well over 10 percent of the value of oui
total exports of all goods to Europe.
In the case of Asia, somewhat similar changes appear in
the long-run pattern of demand for producers' supplies and
materials. Over the entire period under study, Asia, especially Japan, has ranked second to Europe as a market for
United States cotton. Although sales of unmanufactured
cotton to Asia have been maintained to a relatively greater
extent than to Europe, during recent years agricultural raw
materials as a group have represented a far smaller share of
out total sales to Asia, as well as to Europe, than before
World War II. At the same time, a number of nonagricultural materials, especially coal, fertilizers, insecticides, and
industrial chemicals, have become prominent items in the
recent makeup of our overall exports to Asia.
Industrial materials to nearby areas
In contrast to the long-term gains in exports of capital
equipment and consumer goods which were concentrated
to a large extent in Western Hemisphere markets, the rise
in exports of nonagricultural raw materials reflects accelerated shipments to every continent except Oceania. On the
other hand, the relative long-run decline in sales of agricultural raw materials, particularly unmanufactured cotton,
was almost entirely due to the weakening of demand in
Europe.
The outstanding contribution of Canada and Latin America to the long-term overall gain in exports of industriallyproduced supplies and materials should be noted also. In
1955, shipments to Canada alone, amounting to over $1.2
billion, were three-fourths as large as our sales in this category
to all of Europe, while exports to Latin America aggregated
well over $1 billion. Such sales to Western Hemisphere
countries, moreover, have displayed an even greater longterm growth than our exports to Europe.
Throughout the postwar period larger sales of a variety
of products, including chemicals, textile materials, paper,
iron and steel, and glass and other miscellaneous building
materials, have characterized the overall growth in such
exports to Western Hemisphere countries. In these markets
sales of chemicals alone (excluding drugs and medicinals)
expanded from less than $100 million in 1929 and 1937 to
well over $450 million in 1955.
Europe shifts to nonagricultural materials
New food customers after World War II
Europe has continued to constitute the largest foreign
market for both agricultural and nonagricultural supplies
and materials. The pattern of European purchases, however, has undergone major changes. Whereas in 1929,
European expenditures for imports of producers' supplies
from the United States had been almost equally distributed
between agricultural and nonagricultural materials, in 1955
Europe spent more than twice as much on nonagricultural
supplies as on agricultural raw materials.
In 1929 and 1937, respectively, unmanufactured cotton
hud accounted for about one-fourth and one-fifth of our
aggregate exports to Europe. Although during 1955 cotton
prices were nearly 80 percent higher than in 1929 and nearly
200 percent greater than in 1937, United States sales of
unmanufactured cotton to Europe were value-wise only a
fraction of our shipments in 1929 and were even lower than
in 1937. While in 1955 the value of exports of unmanufactured tobacco to Europe was more than twice as high as in
1929 and 1937, this was mainly a reflection of the higher
tobacco prices prevailing in 1955.
By way of contrast, a number of industrially produced
items such as coal, steel scrap, synthetic rubber, chemicals,
and synthetic textile materials, which had been relatively
insignificant or negligible in our export business with Europe
before World War II, comprise a major segment of current
United States export sales to that continent. Heavier shipments during recent years of these and other industrial
materials such as metals and steel have far overshadowed
Highlighting the shifts in foreign demand for United States
foodstuffs over the period under study were the long-run
declining relative importance of the tfnited Kingdom as a
market arid the emergence of a considerable number of new
and important markets after World War II. The United
Kingdom, which purchased 30 percent of the total value of
United States food exports in 1929 and 1937, accounted for
less than 8 percent of our food shipments abroad in 1955.
On the other hand, a group of relatively new customers,
whose aggregate share in the total was hardly 10 percent in
these same two prewar years, provided markets for nearly
45 percent of total United States food exports in 1955.
Heading the list of these new customers was Japan which in
1955 constituted the leading overseas market for American
food. Also prominent were Yugoslavia, Spain, India, Israel,
Egypt, and other countries with whom intergovernmental
agreements had been concluded for the sales of grains, fats
and oils, dairy products, fruits and other foodstuffs and
agricultural items in surplus domestic supply. Shipments
under such agreements also comprise a considerable portion
of our current food exports to traditional foreign markets
including the United Kingdom, Germany, and the Netherlands.
Wide gains in nonfarm basic exports
Gains in drug shipments to Western Hemisphere
On the other hand, the expansion in exports of drugs and
medicinals by over 12 times since the prewar period can be
SURVEY OF CURRENT BUSINESS
December 1950
primarily associated with increased demands developing in
the rest of the Western Hemisphere, particularly in those
countries where United States companies have established
facilities for the manufacture and distribution of such products. Ranked in order of their size in 1955 our leading
Western Hemisphere markets were Mexico, Canada, and
Panama, While Western Hemisphere countries have accounted for well over half of the long-term advance in drug
exports, the large-scale gains in markets elsewhere in the world,
particularly in Belgium, Italy, Japan, and the Philippines
were also major contributing factors.
Export and Domestic Production
Before proceeding to the analysis of the effects of exports
on individual domestic producers, it should be noted that
much of the production data used herein for the wide range
of commodities making up United States exports are based
on preliminary reports from the 1954 Census of ManufacTable 4.—Distribution of Exports by Share of Domestic Production
Commodity jrroup and percentage of
production exported
Total domestic exports adjusted1
(excluding military grant aid)
Percent of production exported:
0-4
...
5-9
10 percent and over
10-19
20-29
30-39
_. 40 and over
Undistributed 2
Capital equipment exports, total (machinery and transportation equipment) _ _
Percent of production exported:
0-4
5-9
10 percent and over
10-1920-29
30-39
Undistributed 2
Producers supplies and materials exports, total - _
Percent of production exported;
0-4
5-9
10 percent and over
10-19
20-29
30-39
40 and over
Undistributed 2
Food and drugs exports, total
Percent of production exported:
0-4
5-9
10 percent and over
10-19
20-29
. .
30-39
40 and over 2
Undistributed
_ _ _ __
Finished consumer goods (excluding
foods and drugs), total
Percent of production exported:
0-4
5-9.
- 10 percent and over
10-19
20-29
30-39
Undistributed 2
Unclassified by category
Undistributed 2
._
1
1<)37
1<)29
1354
Mil- Percen
Mil- Percent
Mil- Percem
lions of
lions of
of
lions of
of
of
dollars exports dollars exports dollars exports
5, 130
100.0
3, 286
504
651
11.1
12.7
433
905
IS. 2
27 5
2, 330 \
2,415 I
18.3
19 0
3, 156
1,234
124
S32
966
759
61.7
24. 8
2.4
10. 2
18 8
14.5
1,446
282
470
643
51
502
44.1
8.6
14 3
19.6
1 6
15.2
5,601
2,427
2 318
576
280
2,361 i
44.1
19.2
18 2
4- 5
2 2
18.6
4, 037 i
100. 0
269
484 >•
6.7
12 0
1,026
100.0
765
100.0
100.0
67
68
6.5
6.6
52
78
6.8
10.2
616
244
81
291
275
60.1
23.8
7.9
28.4
26.8
485
82
356
47
150
63.4
10.7
46 6
6.1
19 6
2,821
100.0
12, 707
100. 0
2, 405
1,146
792
467
879
59.6
28.4
19 6
11 6
21 7
5,460
100.0
203
488
7.2
17 3
175
581
9.2
SO 5
916
1, 646
16 8
SO 1
1,710
331
39
' 385
955
420
60.6
11 7
857
131
109
591
26
290
45.1
6 9
57
31 1
15.2
1,927
287
1, 407
80
153
971
35
5
25
1
2
17
100.0
100.0
I 4
IS 6
S3 9
14.9
1,903
1 4
3
3
7
5
8
8
753
100.0
288
1,928
100 0
148
28
19 7
S.7
109
39
37 9
IS 5
266
176
13 8
9 1
518
347
4
156
11
59
68.8
46 1
o
20 7
1.5
7 8
95
60
5
5
25
45
33.0
20 9
1 7
1 7
87
15 6
1,216
941
119
29
127
270
63.1
48 8
6 2
1 5
6 6
14 o
528
100.0
328
100 0
1,112
100 0
146
67
27.7
12.7
97
207
29 6
63.1
879
109
79 0
9 8
312
312
59.1
59 1
9
9
2.7
27
53
53
4 8
3
.6
15
4 6
71
6 4
2
2
100.0
100 0
2
2
100.0
100 0
170
170
100 0
100 0
48
1. Adjusted to exclude household and personal effects and motion picture films exported
on a royalty basis.
2. Items for which related production data were not available.
Source: U. S. Department of Commerce, Office of Business Economics.
15
tures which have only recently become available. Although
the conclusions drawn below from the export-production pattern in 1954, as compared to earlier years, can generally be
considered to apply to the most recent years, it is significant
that almost 60 percent of the total $3.7 billion rise in domestic
exports from 1954 to January-September 1956 originated in
the capital equipment and foodstuffs industries which as a
group rely on export markets to a far greater extent than
other segments of domestic industry (see below). This suggests that the 1954 data may considerably understate the
current impact of exports on domestic production. Hence,
wherever possible, more recent production information for
individual industries is used throughout the discussion.
Changing pattern of exports to production
Nearly 45 percent of this county's total exports in 1954
was supplied by producers whose foreign sales were 10 percent
or more of their overall output (see table 4). Even moro
significantly, one-fourth of all exports in that year came from
industries whose foreign sales comprised more than 20 percent of total sales. In 1937, as in 1954, about 45 percent
of total exports originated in industries shipping 10 percent
or more of their production to foreign countries. In 1929,
however, the comparable share was over 60 percent.
A number of industries which in 1929 had exported 10
percent or more of their total output currently ship less than
10 percent of their overall production abroad. Some of these
industries, such as those producing plastics and synthetic
resins and other industrial chemicals, were actually among
those which experienced long-term gains in export sales and
which currently account for a larger portion of our total
export business than they did in 1929. Export shipments by
such industries, notwithstanding their large-scale expansion,
simply failed to keep pace with domestic marketings which
have undergone an even greater long-term growth.
A number of other producers which both before and after
the war have exported more than 10 percent of their entireoutput presently account for a smaller share of total exports
than in the 1920's. This is especially evident within the
producers7 supplies and materials category and reflects in
great measure the failure of certain agricultural producers
to advance their foreign sales at the same rate as nonagricultural producers, and in some cases to maintain even their
former volume of foreign shipments.
Certain new industries, on the other hand, whose foreign
sales were negligible or nonexistent in the twenties (e. g.,
synthetic textiles, rubber) have provided a substantial new
increment to exports in recent years although representing
less than 10 percent of the industry's production.
Table 4 shows that the sharp uptrend in capital equipment
exports over the period under study has been sparked by the
relatively more export-dependent "industries, that is, those
which distributed 10 percent or more of their output in
foreign markets. Such industries provided 60 percent of
all capital equipment exports in 1954, about the same
portion as in 1929 and slightly less than in 1937. Producers
that shipped 10 percent or more of their output abroad likewise contributed over 60 percent of all exports in the food
and drug category during 1954, a share greatly in excess
of that in 1937 and almost equal to that in 1929. By contrast, in each of the two other major categories of exports—•
producers' supplies and materials and nonfood consumer
goods—-the portion of foreign sales supplied by industries
exporting over 10 percent of their output declined in 1954
as compared with both 1929 and 1937 (see table 4).
As a consequence, the capital equipment and the food and
drug categories in the more recent period have contributed a
rising share of those exports which constitute "10 percent
or more" of production (see table 5).
16
SURVEY OF CURRENT BUSINESS
Machinery exports are greater share of output
Within the capital equipment category exports of machinery since 1929 grew considerably more than exports of commercial transportation equipment. Nearly 75 percent of
machinery sales to foreign countries in 1954 can be traced
to industries which exported from 10 to 30 percent of their
production. In view of the heightened postwar demands
of the domestic economy for their products it is doubly
significant that a number of the major industries within this
group were able to export a greater share of their total output
than in the years before World War II. Prominent among
such industries were producers of construction and mining
equipment, textile machinery, paper bag and boxmakiiig
and a variety of other "specialized" machinery relatively
new in our export trade (plastic and rubber processing
devices, industrial separators, heat exchangers, etc.).
Table 5.—Distribution of Exports Which Represent 10 Percent or
More of Production, by Major Categories
1929
Category
1954
Millions Percent Millions Percent Millions Percent
of
of dolof dolof
of
of dollars exports lars exports lars exports
Total
Capital equipment _
Producers' supplies and materials
Food and drugs
Other finished consumer goods
1937
_ _
3,156
100
1,446
100
5,601
100
616
1,710
518
312
20
54
16
10
485
857
95
9
n
59
2,405
1,927
1,216
53
43
34
22
1
6
I
Source: U. S. Department of Commerce, Office of Business Economics.
In recent years nearly 90 percent of total exports of construction, excavating, mining and related equipment was
produced by industries which marketed not less than 10
percent of their production in foreign countries. The construction and mining equipment industry alone, which in
1954 accounted for more than half of the aggregate exports
of this group of related industries as a whole, channeled more
than one-fourth of its output into foreign markets. In 1929
this industry had marketed abroad less than 20 percent of a
far smaller output (see table 6).
Foreign sales have also provided an impetus to the longterm growth hi domestic tractor production. The fourfold
expansion in tractor exports, including industrial types,
since 1929 has virtually paralleled the rise in domestic
production over the same period, with exports accounting
for 33 percent of total output in 1929 and 30 percent in 1954.
Table 6.— Exports of Principal Machinery Items
1937
1929
Construction and mining equipment
Textile machinery
"Specialized" equipment
Tractors
Agricultural machinery
_ __
Electrical machinery
. . . ._
Machine tools
Internal combustion enginesHand tools
x Negligible.
1954
Mil- Percent Mil- Percent Mil- Percent
lions of of pro- lions of of pro- lions of of prodollars duction dollars duction dollars duction
39
14
(*)
75
66
94
20
17
16
19
11
33
18
5
13
19
12
36
11
(*)
53
22
57
38
10
13
To
8
4
20
11
11
311
82
182
325
126
388
79
109
41
27
27
16
30
12
5
10
12
10
Source: U. S. Department of Commerce, Office of Business Economics
The 1954 export-to-production ratio for tractors was the
highest in the entire machinery group. Although the ratio
declined moderately to 26 percent in 1955 this does not
necessarily denote a dropoff in the strong postwar foreign
demand for tractors produced by United States manufacturers. ^ Such producers have greatly stepped up their output in
affiliated enterprises abroad. Production originating in these
foreign facilities has satisfied a growing segment of foreign
demand arising from both within and without the countries
in which such facilities are located. Notwithstanding that
such production also affected exports of agricultural machinery, foreign sales represented at least 12 percent of
domestic output in 1954 (see table 6).
This table also shows that the uptrend in exports of such
products as machine tools, internal combustion engines and
hand tools has likewise contributed heavily to the long-term
growth in output of the supplying industries.
Aircraft producers benefit from exports
Expanding exports of commercial transportation equipment over the long-term period have likewise stimulated
domestic production in the major component industries of
this group—aircraft, railroad equipment, and commercial
vehicles (trucks and buses). In 1954 industries which devoted 20 percent or more of their output to foreign sales
accounted for four-fifths of aggregate exports of transportation equipment (excluding automobile parts for which comparable production data are not available).
The prominent contribution of foreign sales to domestic
production is especially noteworthy in the civilian aircraft
industry. Here, exports in 1955 were over one-third of total
output, far eclipsing the 10 percent in 1929. The emergence
of commercial aircraft exports from its infant status in
foreign trade three decades ago is evident by comparison
of the $140 million annual rate of exports in January-September 1956, representing over 10 percent of all commercial
transportation equipment sales abroad, with its 1925-29
average value of $2 million. The status of orders (as of
October 1956) from foreign-flag airlines foretells the continued expansion of United States shipments in 1957, with
large deliveries scheduled beyond that as shipments of
large, high-priced, jet-powered planes get underway.
Exports support railroad equipment output
Tractor exports parallel domestic output
Commodity
December
Although the growth since the twenties in railroad equipment exports as a group has riot been especially outstanding,
foreign sales have at various times and for different industries within the group performed an essential role in bolstering domestic production. This is strikingly illustrated in
the case of railroad passenger cars in 1954. In that year
large shipments to Canada served to brake the production
drop and boosted total foreign sales to 240 units ($41 million),
over 40 percent of total output. With the completion of
Canadian orders and the subsequent upturn in domestic
business in 1955, the proportion of production exported
declined to 10 percent, still substantially above the 6 percent
exported in 1929, \vhileno foreign sales were recorded in 1937.
United States railroad equipment manufacturers are actively
cultivating foreign markets by designing products for export
that meet the peculiar railroading problems of their foreign
customers.
Truck exports smaller share of output
In contrast to the greater contribution of exports to
domestic output in the aircraft and railroad equipment
industries, rising foreign sales of trucks and buses have failed
SURVEY OF CURRENT BUSINESS
December 1956
to keep pace with the far greater gains in domestic sales.
While exports in 1955 accounted for as much as 16 percent
of total production, table 7 shows the steady decline in this
relationship from the 30 percent in 1929.
Table 7.—Exports of Principal Commercial Transportation
Equipment
1929
Commodity
Civilian aircraft
Locomotives
Freight cars
Railroad passenger
cars
Truck and buses
1955
1954
1937
PerMilMilMilPerMilPerPerlions cent of lions cent of lions cent of lions cent of
of
proof
of
proproproof
dollars duc- dollars duc- dollars duc- dollars duction
tion
tion
tion
9
9
6
10
11
4
39
4
3
27
6
2
102
42
13
35
16
7
93
30
26
34
n. a.
11
3
160
6
SO
124
24
41
375
41
20
15
401
10
16
n.a. Not available.
Source: U. S. Department of Commerce, Office of Business Economics.
The increase in United States truck and bus exports over
this period has likewise failed to keep pace with the unprecedented rise in the number of such vehicles in use outside
the United States. This is the result, on the one hand, of
greater local production in previously large foreign markets
(e. g., Australia), arid on the other of increasingly effective
competition from the United Kingdom and Germany in
Europe and areas outside the Western Hemisphere.
17
U. S. leads in manufactured raw materials
The swing in our industrial markets abroad, particularly
Europe, to the greater use of manufactured raw materials of
the newer type—synthetic fibers and cloth, synthetic rubber,
plastics and related chemicals—reflects a changing pattern
of industrial raw material consumption. Despite rising foreign demand in recent years, however, domestic purchasers
continue to provide the dominant market for these materials,
with foreign sales generally accounting for less than 10 percent of production. The capital-intensive nature of the
synthetic and chemical industries and the complex production processes involved suggests that production in a number
of foreign countries has expanded at a slower rate than demand, requiring greater imports from the United States.
Record coal exports bolster output
Record coal exports in 1955 and 1956 were a prominent
factor in bolstering previously sagging domestic coal output.
Such shipments have accelerated at an even faster pace
than rising domestic sales and accounted for 11 percent of
total output in 1955 and nearly 14 percent in the first
9 months of 1956, compared to 8 percent in 1954. Rapidly
rising steel production in Europe and Japan, which has
impinged severely on available resources in these areas, has
called for substantial acquisitions of coal from outside
sources. It has been estimated by the European Coal and
Steel Community that for every 1 percent increase in steel
production, a half million more tons of coal is consumed.
Producers* materials less export-dependent
Table 8.—Exports of Principal Producers' Supplies and Materials
The substantial long-term rise in exports of producers'
supplies and materials, though not so great as the growth
in capital equipment exports, was characterized by a shift
away from the relatively more export-dependent agricultural
commodities to the relatively less export-dependent noiiagricultural commodities. Table 1 shows the declining share of
agricultural commodities in the total category of producers'
supplies and materials from almost 40 percent in the 1925-29
period to 34 percent in the thirties and finally to 16 percent
during the first three quarters of 1956. The resulting effect
on the export-to-production relationships for the category as
a whole is shown in table 4. Whereas in 1929 producers that
marketed 10 percent or more of their output abroad accounted for 60 percent of all exports of that category, similarly export-dependent producers contributed only 45 percent of the total in 1937, and in 1954 just over one-third.
Pronounced decline in cotton and tobacco
The diminished share of agricultural raw materials exports was dominated by the decline in cotton and tobacco.
Although exports of these products in 1955 still accounted
for about one-fourth of their respective crops, this represented a long-term drop from the 45 to 50 percent absorbed
by foreign markets in 1929 and the 30 percent in 1937. This
downward movement is expected to be reversed in 1956-57
when exports, stimulated by United States Government surplus disposal programs, will take a far larger share of the
current crop than in any recent year and approach the rate
of earlier periods. Up to the present, at least, the increase since World War II in foreign marketings of other
export-dependent agricultural materials, like tallow and flaxseed, have been insufficient to offset the long-run decline in
cotton and tobacco.
408827°—50
19 37
1929
Commodity
19 55
19 54
MilPerPerMilMilPerPerMillions cent of lions cent of lions cent of lions cent of
of
proof
proof
of
proprodollars duc- dollars duc- dollars duc- dollars duction
tion
tion
tion
Agricultural
Raw cotton
Tobacco, leaf
Tallow
Flaxseed (including
linseed oil)
764
146
(*)
(*)
48
44
360
134
()
SI
t>f)
x
(*)
788
303
91
28
25
43
477
355
108
<9~>
j)
-j
56
48
30
•59
>t.5
Nonagricultural
Plastics and synthetic
resins
Synthetic broadwoveri textiles
Synthetic rubber __ _
Coal-tar intermediates.
Inorganic chemicals
Anthracite coaL._
Bituminous coal
Iron and steel scrap
Other iron and steel. ._
Refined petroleum
products 3
4
IS
8
23
92
8
119
2
2
5
2
4
30
33
2
10
4
5
7
5
10
25
15
79
196
5
18
8
10
2
S
93
24
126
95
52
253
51
585
()
•5
96
61
139
121
48
436
174
773
13
254
8
515
4
510
66
8
183
491
49
°8
4
!
0
n a
6'
9
n. a .
/;
12
' IT
2 n
x Neglible. n. a. Not available.
1. January-September 1956 exports were 14 percent of production.
2. January-September 1956 exports were 15 percent of available supply.
3. Includes motor fuels, gas and fuel oil, lubricating oil and kerosene.
Source: U. S. Department of Commerce, Office of Business Economics.
Record exports of steel scrap can likewise be traced to the
unprecedented rise in steel output abroad. Such foreign
sales were of particular significance to the scrap dealers
on both East and West coasts who frequently find foreign
markets more profitable than sales to the large inland
domestic steel-producing centers. These dealers supplied an
estimated two-thirds of all scrap exports in* 1955.
SURVEY OF CURRENT BUSINESS
18
Diverse trends in consumer goods
Table 4 contrasts the strikingly reduced export-dependence
of finished (nonfood) consumer goods industries as a group
with the sustained relative dependence on foreign sales of
the food and drug group of producers. In the latter group,
producers marketing from 10 to over 40 percent of their output
abroad accounted for almost two-thirds of all food and drug
December 1056
foreign marketings. Last year the following proportions of
domestic grain production went abroad: Wheat, 28 percent;
rice, 26 percent; grain sorghums, 22 percent (see table 9).
Eliminating the quantities that go into storage and considering only those that go into actual use, exports accounted
for even greater percentages of output marketed: Wheat, 32
percent; rice, 48 percent; and grain sorghums, 31 percent.
Table 10.—Exports of Principal Finished
Goods
1929
1929
S
1937
1954
Lard
--
---
- -
192
14
36
2
28
108
15
33
5
18
35
51
7
5
(*)
9
16
S
6
(*)
4
10
422
106
132
18
37
19
14
8
;
1955
MilPerMilPer- ! MilMil- : PerPerlions of ! cent of lions of cent of I lions of cent of lions of i cent of
dollars produc- dollars product dollars produc- dollars \ prodiution i
j tion
tion
! tion
Passenger cars '
Food
Wheat, including flour.
Mice
- Corn
drain sorghum
Barley
1954
1955
;
PerMilMilPerMilPerMilPerlions cent of lions cent of lions cent of lions cent of
of
proof
proof
proof
prodc liars duc- dollars duc- dollars duc- dollars
tion
tion
tion
tion
Commodity
1937
(Nonfood) Consumer
480
81
170
66
89
84
76
9£
flo
0
2&
Home-type freezers
Washing machines
Television receiving
sets
Radio receiving sets_-Home air cond it loners .
Cigarettes .
.
294
10
n. a.
2
10
9
n. a.
161
13
n. Q..
2
7
7
n. a.
S
n. a.
10
n. a.
53
17
n. a.
5
•n. a.
1
7
n. a.
16
n. a.
25
11
•n. o.
8
71. ( I .
366
53
7
10
18
8
':
17
1 \
•5 |
108
57
4
10
3
3
7
1
4
461 :
51 i
12 I
10 !:
5
11
9 !
18 :
113
/
*
n. a.
n. a.
ft
o
-2
a
l
n. a. Not available.
1. The number of passenger cars exported was as follows: 1929, 451,000; 1937, 272,000; 1954,
207,000; 1955, 254,000.
Source: U. S. Department of Commerce, Office of Business Economics.
Table 9 also contrasts the outstanding growth, and the
considerable significance to producers, of exports of fats and
oils and dairy products, with lagging exports and the declining
importance of foreign markets to producers of fresh and
processed fruits.
The pioneer position of the United States in the production
of antibiotics, vaccines, serums, and other drugs and medicines, combined with greater efforts after the war to improve
public health—especially in the newly independent countries
of the Far East—lias propelled foreign sales at an even faster
clip than domestic marketings.
x Negligible.
n. a. Not available.
1. Includes dried whole milk.
2. Includes estimates for relief shipments.
Source: U. S. Department of Commerce, Office ol Business Economics.
exports in 1954, almost double the portion accounted for in
drought-affected 1937, and only slightly below the 68 percent
of 1929. By contrast, the portion of total foreign sales of
finished (nonfood) consumer goods supplied by industries
exporting 10 percent or more of their output dipped sharply
from over 60 percent in 1929 to just 3 percent and 5 percent
respectively in 1937 and 1954.
Exports top growth in food output
The secular upward trend in domestic production of virtually all the major food products has been exceeded by an
even greater long-term rise in the volume and value of
Passenger car exports lose ground
The diminished contribution of export sales to production
of nonfood finished consumer goods in the aggregate, already
mentioned, reflects preponderantly the dwindling volume of
passenger car sales in foreign markets while domestic business
has enjoyed unprecedented prosperity. Foreign sales, 10
percent of total domestic output in 1929, accounted in 1955
for only 3 percent of production. In the expanding world
market for passenger cars the United States has steadily lost
ground, its share falling from over 40 percent of world exports
in 1938 to less than 20 percent in 1955. While exchange restrictions were undoubtedly an important factor in this
development, high gasoline and other taxes in many parts of
the world also contributed to this trend.
by L. Jay Atkinson and Edmond L. Kanwit
Economic Aspects
of the New Highway Program
APID growth in motor vehicle registrations and highway
R
travel since World War II has brought serious congestion,
especially in and around large cities. Marked expansion of
highway construction in recent years has not been of sufficient
scope to take care of accumulated needs and expanding requirements. Only in the last 2 years have capital outlays
for highways approached the proportion of total gross national product that they accounted for in prosperous prewar
years.
With the Highway Act of 1956, the Federal Government
has undertaken a long-term program of increased assistance
to the States which will provide (1) large and expanding allocations for a mainly Federal-financed interstate system linking the principal cities, and (2) a stepped-up allocation for the
regular Federal aid program on a 50-50 matching basis.
Highway Spending as a Percent of
Gross National Product
PERCENT OF GNP
4
TOTAL HIGHWAY EXPENDITURES
3
-
For the regular Federal aid program, which is on a 50-50
matching basis, Federal authorization of $2.5 billion for fiscal
years 1957, 1958, and 1959 will require about an equal
authorization from State funds. Authorization of regular
Federal aid has not been specified after fiscal year 1959.
Actual spending under the program is expected to exceed
the above totals because of funds to be made available but
not yet authorized. Federal-aid funds for highway construction through 1972 are estimated at $38.5 billion. Together
with required State matching funds, more than $50 billion will
become available for cooperative Federal-State interstate
and regular aid projects over the duration of the program.
Perhaps the dimensions of this program are more readily
grasped in terms of annual rates rather than of total longterm costs. Spending, including State matching funds, on
Federal-aid highway projects has risen from less than $1
billion in 1952^to nearly $1.7 billion in 1956. It is expected
to rise to $3 billion within a few years, reaching $3.5 billion
by 1965, and to continue rising to around $4 billion in the
final stages of the program, on the basis of projected trust
fund receipts, which control Federal expenditures under the
act.
The purpose of this article is to examine some of the broad
economic effects of the expanded roadbuilding program and
to assess the implications of the financing provisions upon
economic activity in the general setting of past trends in
highway financing and construction.
Recent highway expansion
NEW HIGHWAY
CONSTRUCTION
EXPENDITURES
S
i I ! I I I I I
1930
19*35
I I I I ( i I i
1940
I i
1945
I ! I I I i I 1 ! I I I
1950
[9*55
I960
Basic Data: Total Exp., Bur. Pub. Roads; Const., BDSA 8 BLS
U. S. Deportment of Commerce, Office of Business Economics
56-43-4
For the Interstate system the act authorizes a total of
nearly $25 billion of Federal funds over the next 13 years for
the 90 percent or more of total cost to be borne by the Federal Government. The State matching requirements will add
another $2.5 billion plus small sums for previous authorizations not yet spent.
NOTE.—MR. ATKINSON AND MR. KANWIT ARE MEMBERS OF THE
CURRENT BUSINESS ANALYSIS DIVISION, OFFICE OF BUSINESS ECONOMICS.
Despite rising outlays for highways throughout the postwar period, road building in the first several years after the
war was quite inadequate in comparison with the growing
traffic. It was 1948 before current dollar spending reached
prewar rates, and as late as 1952 the volume of construction
adjusted for price changes was still below the prewar rate.
By 1952, however, vehicle-miles of travel were more than 50
percent above the prewar peak.
In more recent years a substantial expansion has taken
place in the volume of highway construction—an expansion
that is a very important element in appraising the new highway program. In the past 4 years the volume of highway
construction, adjusted for cost changes, has increased by
two-thirds.
This sharp rise in the real volume of highway construction
is attributable to (1) a substantial rise in Federal aid matched
by State funds, (2) an upsurge in toll road construction
financed largely by special bond issues, and (3) a stabilization
through mid-1955 in road construction costs which enabled
rising receipts available from road user taxes to purchase
increased road construction.
Between 1952 and 1956, Federal-aid spending nearly
doubled, rising $400 million, with a slightly smaller rise in
State matching expenditures. In the past 2 years, the con19
SURVEY OF CURRENT BUSINESS
20
tinned increase in matching funds required most of the
increase in State highway funds available for construction,
and little expansion occurred in independent State and local
Table 1.—Major Highway Disbursements
December
with the State highway departments. The Federal Government through the Bureau of Public Roads establishes standards of highway engineering to meet anticipated traffic
volume on the interstate system for 20 years ahead. Controlled access to most of the superhighways is one of the
basic standards of the interstate network.
[Billions of dollars]
Change
19521956
1952
1953
1954
1955
1956 T>
Total disbursements
5.4
5.9
6.9
7.3
8.1
2 7
Capital outlays
Free highways
_ _
Federal-aid projects 1
Non-Federal aid__ _
9 9
2.7
1.0
1.7
3.3
2.9
1. 1
1.8
4.0
3.2
1.2
2.0
4.3
3.4
1.4
2.0
4.9
3.8
1.7
2.1
2 0
1. 1
8
.4
Type of disbursement
Toll facilities
Noncapital outlays__
_
Maintenance
Administration and police. _
Interest and debt service
p Preliminary estimate.
__
_
.2
.4
.8
.9
1.1
.9
2.5
1.6
.4
.5
2.6
1.7
.4
.5
2.8
1.8
.4
.6
3.0
1.9
.4
.7
3.1
1.9
.5
.8
.7
.3
.l
.3
1. Includes direct Federal expenditures.
Source: Bureau of Public Roads.
road construction other than toll roads. As shown in table 1,
the largest increase was for toll roads, outlays for which
increased almost $1 billion between 1952 and 1956.
The New Highway Program
The principal program objective of the Federal Highway
Act of 1956 is the completion of the National System of
Defense and Interstate Highways, a 41,000-mile Interstate
System of high-speed expressways spanning the continent
and providing main interconnecting routes between the
major population and production centers of the Nation and
with Mexico and Canada. All but about 7,000 miles of the
network will be of divided highways of 4 or more lanes with
controlled access and no grade crossings.
The general locations of the original routes were defined
by the Bureau of Public Roads in 1944 and designated by
Congress in 1947. Through 1954, however, the Federal
Government had specifically authorized the expenditure of
only $400 million for the system.
Thus the interstate program is not literally new, but the
scale of operations is vastly increased, and a number of provisions in the act represent modifications of previous Government policy. First with the increased funds provided
by the new act, the share of the Federal Government in
meeting capital outlays for all highways will rise substantially
above the current one-fifth. Second, to assure completion,
a long-term superhighway construction program was authorized with most of the cost to be borne by the Federal
Government. Third, Federal taxation and highway spending were linked. Specified existing and new taxes related to
motor vehicles are to be paid into a highway trust fund out
of which all future Federal expenditures of major highway
funds will be met. Spending may not exceed anticipated
annual receipts, except from accumulated surpluses in the
fund.
Finally, though not a change from past policy, the amount
of funds authorized for regular Federal highway aid was
increased beginning in fiscal 1957 from the $700 million
previously authorized to $825 million, and to $850 million
in 1958 and to $875 million in 1959.
Basic Federal-State highway relationships were not altered.
The State highway departments build, maintain, and operate
most main-traveled through routes in the United States.
Responsibility for initiating the projects, and for planning,
constructing, maintaining and policing the highways remains
Financing the program
One of the distinctive features of the Federal Highway Act
of 1956 is the earmarking of specified excise taxes related to
motor vehicles to be placed in a trust fund out of which
Federal aid will be financed on a long-term basis on a strict
pay-as-you-build policy. Although most of the States have
earmarked highway user taxes for highway spending, the
Federal Government had not previously followed such a
practice.
An important implication of the method of financing
chosen is that Federal-aid spending both for regular aid
(50-50 matching basis) and for interstate aid will be limited
to receipts of the trust fund account from previously existing
taxes as well as from new taxes levied. In the first few
years of the program, collections are expected to exceed
expenditures, providing a reserve from which spending ma}^
exceed current collections during later years as the spending
program expands.
The law provides that allocations for the interstate program are to be reduced or deferred when it appears that
spending of Federal funds may exceed the resources of the
trust fund account. On the basis of the projection of trust
Highway Construction and Vehicle Travel
INDEX, 1929-41 = 100
250
200
150
100
NEW HIGHWAY
CONSTRUCTION
(BASED ON CONSTANT
PRICES)
50
®Prel. Estimate
1
1930
1935
1 I
1940
1
I
!
I
1945
I I
I
I
I
1950
I
I
I
I I
1955
I
I
I
I
I960
Basic Data: Veh.-miles, Bur. Pub. Roads*, Const., BDSA a BLS
U. S. Department of Commerce, Office of Business Economics
56-43-5
fund receipts, shown in the chart on page 24, assuming
regular Federal aid to be maintained at the rate authorized
for fiscal year 1959, this provision is estimated to stretch out
the period of the completion of the interstate program
beyond the 13 years designated, perhaps to 16 years, under
December 1956
SUEVEY OF CURRENT BUSINESS
the assumption of constant costs projected. Accordingly the
new taxes are designated to remain in effect until 1972.
The new taxes
The highway trust fund will derive two-thirds of estimated
receipts from the motor fuel tax which was raised from 2
cents to 3 cents per gallon as of July 1, 1956. Motor-fuel
consumption is estimated to increase by a constant amount
annually during the period of the program. This is equivalent to about a 4 percent annual rate currently and a declining
relative rate in the future. The growth in motor fuel
consumption has been considerably above 4 percent in recent
years when the number of motor vehicles in use has increased
rapidly.
The other principal auto-related taxes to be placed in the
fund include (1) a tax on tires, which was raised from 5 cents
to 8 cents per pound, (2) an existing tax on inner tubes of
9 cents per pound, (3) a new tax of 3 cents per pound on
tread rubber used in recapping tires, (4) a new tax of $1.50
per 1,000 pounds annually on trucks registered for gross
weights exceeding 26,000 pounds,
and (5) an excise tax of
5 percent on the manufacturers7 price of new trucks, buses
and trailers. The existing manufacturers' excise tax on
commercial vehicles was 8 percent of which 3 percent was
scheduled to expire in April 1957. The 3 percent was
retained and increased by 2 percent, making 5 percent of
the manufacturers' price eventually to be placed in the trust
fund out of a total of 10 percent collected on new commercial
vehicles after July 1, 1956.
Although Federal highway spending is tied to specific
Federal excise taxes for a long-term program, some flexibility
was introduced for several aspects of the highway program
through periodic appraisals and special reports to aid Congress in the determination of policy on several problems.
One such problem was the formula to be used for apportioning funds among States. For the first 3 years, interstate
funds are apportioned among the States on a basis of the
current formula based on population, land area, and road
mileage. Thereafter Congress declared its intent to allocate
funds beginning in 1960 on a basis of needs to complete the
interstate network.
The complex and difficult issue of reimbursing the States
for work already done to acceptable standards on freeways
and toll roads on designated interstate routes was not
resolved. Congress requested a report from the Secretary of
Commerce in January 1958 to aid it in determining reimbursement policy on roads constructed to interstate standards
after August 2, 1947, including possible incorporation of toll
roads on interstate routes into the free highway system.
For the Interstate System, Federal-aid financing of the
freeways is in marked contrast to the typical State financing
of toll roads largely by borrowing. The transition in financing is already under way: The issue of new toll road bonds
had dropped sharply and the new Federal excise taxes were
imposed beginning July 1, 1956. From the highway users'
standpoint, the toll roads are available for a special charge
upon those using the roads usually of 1 cent to 1% cents per
mile for passenger cars and up to about 4 cents per mile for
large trucks, which is equivalent to an added gasoline tax
of 15 to 20 cents per gallon for passenger cars and trucks.
For the interstate freeways the rise in user imposts is much
smaller—an increase of 1 cent per gallon for gasoline is the
principal new revenue source—but it is placed upon all motor
travel rather than upon the 20 percent of the traffic on the
interstate network. Another difference is that the new user
charges are levied from the date of the act rather than from
the time of completion of the new road as in the case of
toll projects.
21
Role of Federal Government
The allocation of special funds for a limited mileage of
high-capacity interstate roads represents a modification of
the previous policy of distributing Federal aid rather widely
over an expanding system. The highways designated as
eligible for Federal aid have reached about one-fifth of total
highway mileage, and account for 65 percent of vehicle miles
and more than 90 percent of the value of State highway
construction other than toll roads. Despite their broad
application, Federal funds have financed only about 20 percent of highway capital budgets since World War II. Increasing fiscal responsibility of the Federal Government for
road construction is indicated by the doubling of regular
Federal aid in recent years, by the large rise in interstate aid
provided under the new act, and finally by the expected drop
in toll roadbuilding from the peak rate of over $1 billion
attained in 1956.
Trends in Motor Vehicle Travel
and Freight Transport
BILLIONS (ratio scale)
1,500
ALL INTERCITY FREIGHT EXCLUDING TRUCK
(TON-MILES)
1,000
800
700
600
L- /
500
400
300
200
100
INTERCITY TRUCK
(TON-MILES)
80
70
60
50
40
1940
1950
1955
I960
Data: Veh.-miles, Bur Pub. Roads; Ton-mil«s, ICC
U. S. Department of Commerce, Office of Business Economics
Prior to the Highway Act of 1956 the Federal Government
levied certain excises related to automobiles including motor
fuel taxes as a part of the general tax structure. Federal
spending on highways was not correlated with the yields of
these excises. During the depression years Federal Government highway spending was stepped up as a general countercyclical measure to supplement State and local highway
construction as shown in the chart on page 24.
For the decade 1931-40, Federal aid to highways, including
nonmatching relief expenditures, was substantially in excess
of Federal receipts from auto-related excise taxes. During
the war period, Federal motor fuel and other automobile excise taxes were increased but Federal spending on highways
declined to a low rate and, after the war, expanded rather
slowly in comparison with the general rise in prices and
22
SUKVEY OF CURRENT BUSINESS
expansion in economic activity. Federal highway expenditures then leveled off during the Korean defense period coincident with a rise in the Federal gas tax. Throughout the
period from the beginning of World War II through 1954
Federal highway spending was appreciably smaller than receipts from Federal motor fuel taxes. Increased aid to the
States in recent years had brought Federal spending about
equal to motor fuel taxes collected just prior to enactment of
the new Highway Act and the creation of the highway trust
fund.
Highway construction costs
December 1956
highway construction costs have increased perhaps 10 percent
since the time of the original cost estimates. The Bureau oi
Public Roads now has underway a new cost survey of the
Interstate System in particular and overall highway needs
in general.
Sources and Uses of Highway
and Street Funds
BILLIONS OF DOLLARS
I 0
In general, highway construction costs have risen less
than building construction costs since the end of the war.
Highway costs advanced sharply during the war and through
1948. From that time through 1955, they showed considerable fluctuation but at the end of the period were little higher
than at the beginning, in contrast to the sustained advance
in general construction costs. Note that this cost stability
occurred during a period of broad expansion in roadbuilding.
In the past year and a half, however, highway costs have been
on the upswing, rising an estimated 12 percent, with the rise
in the third quarter of 1956 reaching 3.8 percent.
Substantial changes in construction costs, however, are
not ordinarily matched by proportional changes in tax rates.
State revenues for highway purposes have been derived mainly from specific user taxes, the most important of which is the
motor fuel tax. Between 1940 and 1955, when highway
construction costs more than doubled, the average State tax
on gasoline increased only from around 4 cents per gallon to
5.35 cents per gallon.
A combination of influences appears to account for the upward thrust in highway costs since mid-1955. The continued
expansion in roadbuilding has occurred at a time when strong
demand pressures are present in the economy as a whole, and
the volume of other types of nonresidential construction has
been increasing. Under these circumstances, wage costs and
materials prices registered a considerable advance. Sharp
price rises have taken place in key highway materials such as
cement, structural steel shapes, and fabricated structural
steelwork. Although most highway construction costs have
trended upward for more than a year, the increase in costs of
bridges and other structures related to highway use has been
particularly sharp.
Though present requirements are large, the tapering off in
toll road building and the necessary preliminary planning
steps in getting the new interstate program underway will
moderate the immediate requirements for materials and
equipment. The stretching out in highway expansion in the
next 2 or 3 years will tend to prevent an intensification in
materials shortages which have occurred at times in the past
year and a half of rapid rise in road construction. Steady
development of more efficient and larger-capacity equipment,
and improved construction procedures in the past have
restrained highway construction cost in relation to general
construction cost.
SOURCES
Bond issue Proceeds
State Highway User
Taxes
Federal Funds
Tolls a Mi so.
P r o p e r t y a General
Revenue
I 0
USES
Capita] Qlrtlaj
Administration 8
Interest a Obligations
Retired
Maintenancs
1946
1948
1950
1952
1954
* Preliminary esti motes
U. S. Department of Commerce, Office of Business Economics
1956*
Data) BUS tf? Wbifctfafo
66-43-7
Reappraisal of needs and costs
Regular appraisal of the financing of the program on the
basis of actual tax receipts was directed b}^ the act which calls
for successive estimates of cost of work remaining to be
completed on the Interstate System. Current cost estimates of the interstate program represent the 1954 survey of
the Bureau of Public Roads and allowance for 2,300 miles of
urban bypasses and radials. They do not include the later
addition of 1,000 miles of costly urban routes. Moreover,
Another study calls for an analytical comparison of the
costs of providing highway facilities for the various classes
of motor vehicles with the benefits obtained by their owners,
and by other groups. This report is to furnish Congress
guidance for determination of equitable rates of taxation on
highway users and other beneficiaries. A related problem
concerning recommendations on maximum sizes and weights
of vehicles on public highways is also the subject of a special
report.
SURVEY OF CURRENT BUSINESS
December 1956
The Toll Road Movement
The postwar toll road movement in the United States
originated in the inability of many States and other governments concerned to provide sufficient funds to construct the
modern multilane, controlled-access highways needed on the
main intercity through routes. Available revenues had to
be widely dispersed throughout the State and could seldom
be concentrated as the heaviest traffic required. Some States
had restrictions on borrowing and others were unwilling to
borrow the large sums required for these routes. Controlled
access on existing improved routes was generally lacking, or
difficult to obtain so that growing local traffic impeded
through traffic.
Toll roads, therefore, appeared to be the solution for inadequate revenues, restraints on borrowing, and uncontrolled
highway access. Where traffic seemed heavy enough and
alternate highway routes inadequate, the toll road authority
was able to issue bonds, backed either by a pledge of toll
receipts and gasoline or other road-user revenues. The
system was especially applicable to the densely populated
States in the Northeast and Midwest. Pennsylvania, New
Jersey, New York and Connecticut—and later Massachusetts, Ohio, and Indiana—constructed the major toll highwa^ys. Only a few hundred miles have been built west of
the Mississippi and in the South.
23
be built if they become free once the State-acquired debt
has been paid. In other cases, toll crossings will continue to
be constructed, as in the New York area, where extreme
traffic density justifies them.
Earnings on toll roads have generally increased during the
past year although toll road bonds have had a varied experience on the market. Several of the well-established systems
have been doing well in toll receipts while some of the extensive systems have been in use too short a time to judge their
financial position.
Table 3.—Toll Facility Financing and Capital Outlays
[Millions of dollars]
Proceeds from
bonds received by toll
facility
agencies
1947
1948
1949
1950
1951
1952
1953
1954
1955
1956*
20
251
119
173
251
85
190
284
591
816
2,102
594
716
184
435
832
897
1,077
. . . . . . .
- _
• Estimated.
- .. _ - ._ .. ... . _ -. .
- - -
Capital
outlays
20
Source: Bureau of Public Roads.
Table 2.-—Changing Status of Toll Roads
Status in miles as of
Nov. 1
1955
1956
Allies completed
1, 713
Under construction or financed
1,515
982
Yuthorized
3 633
3 220
Proposed
Total mileage in all categories
2 282
1,335
1,017
8, 19G
7 500
Source: Bureau of Public Roads.
In the postwar years, about $4 billion has been spent on
toll roads, bridges, and tunnels. As of November 1, 1956,
almost 2,300 miles of toll routes were in operation and
another 1,000 miles were under construction. More than
3,200 additional miles have been authorized, and a further
1,000 miles proposed. Changing circumstances related to
the new highway program have resulted in the abandonment
of a number of authorized and proposed projects during the
past year (see table 2).
The volume of credit financing for toll facilities was down
sharply in 1955 and 1956 although capital outlays continued
to move upward through 1956, as shown in table 3.
Even before the passage of the Highway Act the backlog
of toll road construction began to decline. Moreover, interest rates had advanced, narrowing the economic margin
between potential toll revenues and operating costs.
At the time the Highway Act was passed in mid-1956,
contract awards for toll construction projects for the first
6 months of the year were already 37 percent below the same
period of 1955. The new Highway Act by providing 90
percent of construction costs from Federal funds on toll-free
interstate routes is expected to supplant many of the contemplated toll projects along routes not yet under actual
construction. Toll bridges, tunnels, and other crossings may
In order to avoid duplicate costs and waste of resources,
competing highways will not be constructed along interstate
routes now served adequately by toll facilities. Eventual
incorporation of the toll roads and reimbursement policy
remain to be determined.
Benefits of Improved Roads
Tax receipts going to the highway trust fund are collected
from all highway users. Where superhighways have been
built, they have generally resulted in a marked increase in
property values along and adjacent to the new routes.
Additions of both service establishments and industrial
facilities capitalize on the use of improved highway transportation. New stores, shopping centers, factories, and
recreation facilities have brought new tax revenues to the
communities served, and new business opportunities and
employment to the inhabitants of the entire area. Since
only a limited number of these highways have been built,
the adjacent sites now possess unique advantages. With
a nationwide program, an opportunity for more balanced
growth will be provided. The locational advantages of a
few routes will probably be less pronounced but the gains
will be more widespread.
The rapid growth in facilities with access to improved
transportation routes is not all net growth. To the extent
that traffic is merely diverted, less advantageously located
businesses will lose some patronage. On the other hand,
improved transportation will speed up travel and generate
new traffic. It will provide better facilities to keep pace with
the general growth of the economy, and accordingly much of
the new capital investment which is either dependent on or
closely related to highway transportation will be located near
the new expressways where much of the increase in traffic is
expected to occur during the next two decades.
SUEVEY OF CUEEENT BUSINESS
24
Potential savings from better transportation
The economic loss sustained by the highway user in manhours and vehicle-time lost in traffic delay, fuel waste,
engine, tire and brake wear, and in costs of injury and
property damage, all increase with traffic congestion. Comparisons of accident rates on controlled-access routes built
to high safety standards with those on parallel routes with
random access indicate that the accident rates have been
halved and fatalities cut by two-thirds. The money savings
in such reductions in accidents will be substantial as suggested by current premium payments of around $4.5 billion
for highway accident insurance. The nonhighway user also
will benefit from cheaper and faster transportation, and
share in community and property gains. Congress, in
seeking to place the expense of highway improvement on the
groups which obtain the gains, has requested the Secretary
of Commerce to undertake an investigation of this question.
The metropolitan area and the central city
The rapid growth of surburban areas has been built largly
on automobile transportation and has created some of the
worst current highway congestion where intercity, commuting, and local business traffic converge. Despite growing
employment opportunity in the suburbs, concentration of
business and employment has remained in the central city.
Capital Outlays for Highways
December 19."iG
The Interstate System will provide through-routes which
will allow rapid penetration to the heart of the city for both
local and intercity traffic, bypasses around the metropolitan
fringes, and radial routes from the hubs of urban congestion.
Much through-traffic will be removed from crowded city
streets. Traffic surveys indicate that this will reduce congestion substantially in small and intermediate size cities
and only moderately in the larger cities.
The new highways contain at once the potential for increased concentration of economic activity or dispersal.
To the extent that commuting distance is a function of time
required per trip, new areas farther out from the city centerwill be brought within range of effective commuting. Crosscommuting will be eased by use of inner and outer belt loops
in the larger metropolitan areas. Already required to handle
existing traffic volumes, the new urban superhighways will
not solve the problem of congestion; by providing a measure
of relief in the present situation, they could operate to
increase the concentration of activity in the urban business
district.
The cost of urban sections of the interstate network was
placed at $15 billion excluding the unallocated 1,000 miles.
This represents 55 percent of the estimated total cost of the
Interstate System as compared with about 30 percent now
being spent in urban areas. Urban expressways are enormously expensive both with respect to land and structures.
Experience with comparable expressways which have been
built in more than 50 large cities indicates that traffic tends
to press upon capacity long before the date indicated by
most advance estimates. Land preparation has generally
involved large-scale demolition of commercial and residential
property sometimes seriously reducing the tax base of the
central city. In other cases, mass construction of large
BILLIONS OF DOLLARS
6
ALL OTHER
5
TOLL ROADS, BRIDGES, ETC.
-
Projected Federal Highway
Trust Fund Receipts
RELIEF FUNDS
REGULAR FEDERAL-AID
4
-
3
-
1935
BILLIONS OF DOLLARS
4
37
39
43
45
47
CALENDAR Y E A R S '
49
53
55
1957
59
63
65
67
69
7!
FISCAL YEARS ENDED JUNE 30
73
75
77
Data: Outlays, Bur.of Pub. Roads; Receipts, BPR a U.S. Treas. DepT.
U. S. Department of Commerce, Office of Business Economics
56-43-8
SURVEY OF CURRENT BUSINESS
December 1956
office buildings has resulted in additional economic concentration. The urban superhighway is an essential aspect of
urban planning necessary to solve the problems of the motor
vehicle in the metropolitan area.
State and local spending
In addition to expanding Federal funds for Federal-aid
projects to be constructed by the State highway departments, the new law will have a number of consequences
upon State and local budgets. Some further increase will
take place in matching funds required of the States, but the
rise will not be so rapid as in recent years. Between 1952
and 1956 annual matching requirements rose $300 million
absorbing a considerable part of the increase in State funds
available for roadbuilding. State aid to municipalities
has also continued to rise.
Little further rise in State matching funds will be required
for regular Federal aid through 1959. For the Interstate
System, the annual increase in State matching funds will
be larger in the next few years than in later years. This
results from the requirement that 60-40 funds authorized
prior to the 1956 act be expended before 90-10 funds, and
from the acceleration of the program during the first few
years. For the remainder of the program the required rise
in State spending for interstate highways will be very
gradual, resulting in a total annual expenditure of around
$200 million toward the end of the program.
A few States are encountering difficulties in meeting
matching fund requirements. For the country as a whole,
however, large unmatched State funds have in the past been
spent on construction of highways eligible for Federal aid.
The substantial rise in Federal-aid funds on a 50-50 matching
basis means an equivalent reduction in State funds required
for the same volume of construction, or that this same money
spent by the States will go twice as far.
More specifically, the building of non-toll roads along
the interstate routes had previously been financed either
by Federal-State funds on a 50-50 matching basis or entirely
by State funds. Such outla}^—-which have been estimated
at more than $2 billion since the routes were designated in
1947—-will in the future be financed largely by the Federal
Government.
Once the program expands with highway trust fund receipts the gradual increases in State matching funds for the
Interstate System will be substantially smaller than the
annual increment in State road-user taxes at present tax
rates. More than half of the States have antidiversion,
constitutional amendments which dedicate motor vehicle
and gasoline taxes to highway purposes.
Impact of the Program
The general expansion in highway spending in the years
ahead will have 2 separate though related types of influences.
The first is a relatively confined but direct expansionary
effect upon the roadbuilding industry, its chief suppliers,
and their work forces. The second is the more general
indirect effects upon the economy resulting from the method
of financing and the timing of the program.
Preliminary estimates of materials and equipment for the
expanded roadbuilding program in the years ahead published
408827°-—50-
25
by the Bureau of Public Roads are now being reexamined.
For the Interstate System the requirement that most grade
crossings be avoided means that bridges and cross-over
structures will have a large place in the construction pattern.
Thus materials requirements will be similar to those for toll
roads, involving larger quantities of steel than that needed
for other types of roads. The major supply problem expected to develop is for wide-flange structural shapes.
Although the steel industry is planning increased capacity,
more extensive use of reinforced concrete and other methods
may be required. Because shortages are currently more
serious for steel than for cement, this substitution has been
noted on projects now under way.
Because of the gradual rise in construction expenditures
anticipated, on-site and indirect labor requirements of materials and equipment producers will be spread over a long
period. With increasing productivity, the proportion of
skilled on-site construction workers may be expected to
increase, as it has in the past. The Bureau of Public Roads
states that increased productivity has reduced man-hour
labor requirements by two-fifths over the past decade.
Because of the large size of projects in the undertaking, the
major personnel needs will be for engineers and for skilled
machine operators. For the latter special training may be
required. The chief hope appears to be in the direction of
better utilization including the use of automatic devices in
routine operations and calculations. The use of job breakdown, on-the-job training, upgrading and other devices
used successfully during World War II will be helpful.
More general
effects
The broader, more diffused effect of the new road program
upon the whole economy involves both the method of
financing of the road program and the rate of spending of
the Federal-aid funds as well as related changes in State and
local budgets. The indirect but pervasive effects upon the
economy of the expansion in capacity in preparation for a
long-term highway program will be partly offset in the next
2 years by a substantially larger hike in taxes collected than
in spending under the new program. This will be balanced
out by spending in excess of current trust fund collections
in later years. Reduced borrowing for toll road construction will also have a restraining influence.
On the other hand, a section of the Highway Act providing
for reimbursement of the Federal share for construction
undertaken by the States in advance of fund allocations
appears to have encouraged some States to obtain new
borrowing authority in order to push ahead with high
priority projects for the relief of highway and street congestion. In the November election a total of nearly $700
million in road bond issues was up for referendum, and almost
all of the funds were approved.
Finally, the provision of the act that Federal financing of
the new program be on a strict pay-as-you-build basis means
that the expansion in Federal Government spending will be
matched by increased tax collections with no Federal borrowing required for the highway program. Though an increase in Federal spending tends to increase total demand
and output, the expansionary effect is mitigated by the
increased tax take. On the basis of projected tax yields
and costs, the self-financing provision will restrain the advance in spending for the interstate program a few years
hence—after the initial surplus has been used up—and accordingly will lengthen the construction period of the program beyond the 13 years for which authorizations have
been made.
by Maurice Liebenberg ^-
Income of Lawyers
in the Postwar Period
Factors Affecting the Distribution of Earnings
I HE average net income of lawyers engaged in all forms of
legal practice was $10,220 in 1954, 36 percent higher than
the average of $7,530 in 1947. Increases were similar for
lawyers engaged primarily in independent practice and for
those whose main source of legal income was salaries.
In evaluating this income advance, consideration should
be given to the general rise in prices and living costs during
this 7-year period. No measure of this change is available
for professional persons, but if the consumer price index
may be accepted as an approximate guide about one-third
of the 36-percent increase represented a gain in real income,
or purchasing power.
The data presented in this article were obtained by the
Office of Business Economics in its most recent survey of
incomes in the legal profession. The study covered incomes
for the period 1950 through 1954, and was based upon a
sample of all lawyers in practice. The sample was more
than twice the size of the one used in the last large-scale
survey of 1948 which covered the years 1943 through 1947.1
Although intended primarily to provide the Office of Business Economics with data for its national income and
product estimates, the study includes much that is of
interest to the profession at large. The present survey was
carried out with the full cooperation of the American Bar
Association and would not have been possible without
the
generous cooperation of lawyers throughout the countr}7 who
voluntarily submitted answers to the questionnaires which
thev received.
Average Net Income, 1947-54
The previous large-scale surve}7 of incomes in the legal
profession carried out in 1948, together with a number of
small sample surveys covering the period 1947 through 1951,
makes it possible to present a continuous series of average
net incomes of lawyers engaged in various forms of practice
extending back to 1943. The present results include revisions of previously published estimates for the period 1948
through 1951.
Table 1 presents estimates of mean and median net incomes since 1947. It is apparent that all the major groups
of lawyers
shared almost equally in the income rise since
1947.2 The highest average income per lawyer in 1954,
$10,380, was reached by the all-salaried group of lawyers
NOTE.—MR. LIEBENBERG IS A MEMBER OF THE NATIONAL INCOME
DIVISION, OFFICE OF BUSINESS ECONOMICS.
26
who also received the highest mean income in 1947.3 It is
apparent, however, that differences between the incomes of
the independent and salaried groups are not marked.
Recent Changes in
the Distribution of Income
Lawyers' incomes are typically widely dispersed. Some
of the factors which determine the actual position of individual lawyers on the income scale will be reviewed later. The
sections which immediately follow examine the actual arra}7
of lawyers' incomes and the change over time.
The distribution in 1954
Table 2 presents the percentage distribution of lawj^ers in
the various source of income groups by total net income level.
In 1954, 7,234 lawyers or 66 percent of all lawyers included
in the sample, received most of their incomes from independent practice. This group includes those whose exclusive
income source was from independent practice as well as those
who were part-salaried but whose major source was from
independent practice. Of these lawyers, by far the major
portion (91 percent) reported receiving independent income
exclusively. The remaining 34 percent of lawyers received
salaried income as a major source and most of these received
only salaries.
The table shows that the mean net income for the various
component groups does not vary materially despite the markedly different sources of income reported. The distribution shows, however, a basic difference between the major
independent and major salaried groups. For the major independent group 33 percent received incomes below $5,000 and
20 percent over $15,000. Among the major salaried, however, 12 percent of the lawyers were classified below $5,000
and only 15 percent over $15,000. Thus, the major salaried4
group has fewer lawyers at the extremes of the distribution.
Similar observations can be made for the alternative grouping
of lawyers.
Changes in absolute distribution since 1947
Comparison of the distributions in table 2 with those of
the previous large-scale survey, which covered incomes in
1947, shows marked shifts of units up the income scale. In
Footnotes at end of article.
SURVEY OF CURRENT BUSINESS
December 1956
27
1947, nearly half of major independent lawyers were classified
below $5,000, and only one-tenth above $15,000, compared
with the 1954 figures of one-third and one-fifth, respectively.
In the major salaried group such marked upward shifts are
also apparent. The percentage in the group below $5,000
decreased from one-third to one-eighth while the group above
$15,000 increased from 8 percent to 15 percent.6
The second part of the table reveals the extreme diversity
of income movements from 1950 through 1954. We note, for
example, that for the group classified below $5,000 in 1950,
which experienced income increases on the average amounting
to 84 percent, 12 percent actually were ranked lower in 1954
than in 1950. In every instance the proportion of returns
Mixed character of income
Table 1.—Average Net Income of Lawyers by Source of Legal
Income, 1947-54 *
These shifts in income status which are apparent upon
examination of table 2 do not disclose the varied experience
of individual lawyers. New entrants, for example, who tend
to be ranked at low levels during the first years of practice,
can be expected to experience higher than average gains over
a period. The experience of lawyers at any specific level of
income depends upon differences in age, locality, opportunity
and a host of other factors involved in income determination.
In order to examine the heterogeneous character of income
change, table 3 presents a summary based on a subsample
of nonsalaried lawyers who reported incomes in both 1950
and 1954.
The table presents average net incomes in both 1950 and
1954 for identical persons ranked by size of income in 1950.
The column showing percent changes in average incomes indicates clearly the differential impact of income increases
over the period 1950 through 1954. Lawyers ranked below
$10,000 in 1950 enjoyed, in general, higher than average
increases in income. Indeed, the group classified under
$5,000 in 1950 enjoyed income increases over 2% times the
average increase. The pattern in one of ever decreasing
percent changes as higher income levels are reached.
Percent of Total Net Income Received by
Each Fifth of the Distribution of All
Lawyers, 1950 and 1954
Ranked by Size of Total Nef Income
PERCENT
50 -
30 -
1950
10 -
LOWEST
FIFTH
1947
1948
1949
1950
1951
1952
1953
$7. 532
5 698
$8, 053
$8, 049
(2)
(2)
$8, 345
6 260
$8, 732
6,486
$8, 990
6,864
$9, 422
7, 268
$10, 218
7 833
Major independent
Mean
..
Median
7,517
5 303
8,033
8,388
5 868
8,875
6,204
9,042
6,487
9,427
6,930
10, 294
7 554
Major salaried
Mean
Median
7,560
6, 134
8,084
8,258
6 822
8,460
6,963
8,890
7,302
9,414
7,652
10, 068
8, 229
Nonsalaried
M can
Median
7,437
5 199
8,003
8,349
5 722
8,855
6,112
9,021
6,383
9,392
6,780
10,258
7,382
All salaried
Mean
Median ..
7,646
6,225
8,306
8,483
7,013
8,670
7,112
9,127
7,445
9,703
7,838
10, 381
8, 442
7,984
6,590
8,230
6,693
8,526
7,051
8,976
7,456
9, 713
8, 034
All lawyers
Mean
Median
Part salaried
Mean
Median
.
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
8,004
(2)
8,118
(2)
7,971
(2)
8,349
(2)
1954
3
._
7,816
6,117
(2)
2
()
(2)
2
()
1. Data for 1947 are taken from the results of the previous large-scale study of 1948 published
in the SURVEY, August 1949. The mean income estimates for the period 1950-54 are derived
from the present study. Mean incomes for 1948 and 1949 are interpolations based on the
results of small interim studies which were published in the July 1952 issue of the SURVEY
and are presented here as revisions of those estimates. The mean incomes given here and
elsewhere in this report are arithmetic means.
2. Data not available.
3. See footnote 3 to text of article.
Source: U. S. Department of Commerce, Office of Business Economics.
showing approximate income stability over the period is generally less than one-third and is apparently smallest for the
$10,000 to $15,000 income group in 1950 where only 16 percent remained at the same level in 1954. The $15,000 and
over group showed the greatest stability. At all levels but
the first the proportions of persons showing decreases in income range from about one-fifth to one-fourth.6
Changes in relative distribution of income
40 —
20 -
Item
SECOND
THIRD
U. $, D.epartment.cf Commerce, Office of Business Economics
FOURTH
HIGHEST
56-43-9
The rise in average income over the period 1947-54 which
resulted in such marked changes in the absolute distribution
of lawyers' incomes, also brought with it modification of the
degree of dispersion or spread of incomes around the mean
value.
It is interesting to inquire to what extend the underlying
relative distribution of incomes has been modified over the4
1950-54 period. Table 4 and the chart opposite provide
convenient summaries
of the relative distribution of income
in 1950 and 1954.7 Both distributions have been divided into
equal portions of units each consisting of one-fifth of the total
population of lawyers in the distribution. The percent of
total income in each segment and average total net income is
also provided. The change in the relative distribution of
income can be examined by comparing the changes in the
percentages of total income in the various quintiles in both
years. If all lawyers shared proportionately in the general
rise in income, the percentage distribution of aggregate income would remain unchanged.
The general pattern of aggregate income percentages are
typical of most income distributions, that is, the proportion
of total income markedly increases as we approach the upper
quintiles. The pattern here is not unlike that for the Nation's
families.8 Needless to say precise comparisons between the
two distributions should not be made because both income
SURVEY OF CURRENT BUSINESS
28
and the recipient unit are defined differently in the two series.
It may also be noted that the underlying dispersion among
lawyers is not unlike distributions of persons in some other
independent business and professional groups.
studied. It is interesting to note in this connection that
similar movements have been observed among the Nation's
families.9
Income in the Legal Service Industry
Table 2.—-Percentage Distribution of Lawyers by Source of Legal
Income and Net Income Level, 1954
Item
All
lawyers
Number in sample *_
Percent in each group *
_- _
Net income: 2
A/[ean
Median
Relative dispersion:
Coefficient of variation 3
$15 000-$19,999_
$20,000-$24,999
$2f> 000-$29,999_
$30 QOO-$39 999
$40 000-$49,999
$50,000-$74,999
Partsalaried
Allsalaried
10, 894
100.0
7,234
66.4
3,660
33.6
6,586
60.5
1,438
13.2
2,870
26.3
$10 218
$7, 833
$10,294
$7, 554
$10, 068
$8, 229
$10, 258
$7, 382
$9, 713
$8, 034
$10, 381
$8, 442
99.2
110.4
70.6
114.2
66.4
70.8
1.1
0.1
1.2
0.3
- -
2.8
3G
5 2
6.1
7.5
4.1
5 3
7. 2
7. 6
7.6
.3
.3
1.2
3.1
7.2
4.4
5.7
7.4
8.0
7.7
.8
1.1
4.0
4. 7
6. 9
0.1
.1
.6
2. 5
7.1
--
8.0
8.1
8.6
6.4
6.1
7.4
6.0
6.8
5.0
5.1
11.0
12. 4
12.1
9.1
7 2
5! 9
6.5
5. 0
4.9
10.2
10.0
11.7
6.8
7. 0
11.0
12.3
12.0
9.4
8.3
5.2
4.0
4 2
2.6
2 o
4.5
3.6
3.8
2.6
2 3
6. 5
4.7
4.9
2.4
1.9
4.2
3.2
6.3
6.4
4.0
2.9
2.4
6.8
4.4
5.2
2.4
1.7
8.6
3.9
2.2
1.8
.8
8.9
4.4
2.6
8.1
3.1
1.4
1.1
.6
87
4.3
7.9
3.2
2.1
.8
8.6
3.4
1.5
1.3
.6
.4
.8
-- ---
_
$10 000-$ 10 999
$llV)00-$ll,999_
$12 000 &19 999
$13,000-$13,9«9
$14 000 $14 999
Inde- Salaried Nonsalaried
pendent
0.8
Loss- $!-$»; 000
$0 $999
$1 000 $19 999
$2 000 $ 999
$3 000- $3 999
$4 000-$4,999.
Entire source of legal
income
Percentage D istribution by Net Income Levels
Net income level *
$ 5 000 $5 999
<£5 000-$t) 999
$7 000-$7 999
^ o()0-$8 999
$9,000-$9,999_
Major source of
legal income
- _
-
_
--_
-
$75 000 and over
Total
.8
.6
.3
100.0
.4
;
100.0
(5)
100.0
2. 3
2". 3
.9
.1
(5)
.4
100. 0
100. 0
100. 0
1. The number and percentage of cases used in all tables presented in this article refers to
the weighted number of returns. The study is based on 8,933 actual usable cases. (See Technical Notes.)
2. Net income includes income from legal work whether or not salaried but excludes all
no illegal income.
3. The coefficient of variation is the standard deviation of the distribution divided by the
mean and expressed as a percent.
4. The income levels used here were selected primarily to permit comparison with the
1947 distribution published earlier. The sampling error for classes containing only small
percentages of total returns is substantial, however, and caution must be exercised in the
use of the data.
5. Less than 0.05 percent.
Source: U.S. Department of Commerce, Office of Business Economics.
December 1956
The legal service industry, as distinct from the legal profession, includes only that income which is received by
lawyers in their capacity as independent practitioners, that
is, as providing legal services on a fee or contract basis.
The legal service industry, therefore, includes the total of
income earned by nonsalaried lawyers and that portion of
the income of the part-salaried group which is received
from independent practice.
Table 5 provides a summary of relevant data for the
industry. The number of lawyers increased only slightly
from 1947 reaching 111,000 in 1954. These lawyers are
classified by the Bureau of the Census as receiving most or
all of their incomes from the independent practice of law.
Total gross income for the industry, which also includes
gross income from independent practice of those lawyers
who were primarily salaried, increased from about $1.3
billion in 1947 to almost $2.0 billion in 1954, an increase of
about 55 percent. Total net income increased from $0.8
billion in 1947 to approximately $1.2 billion in the later year.
Ratios of net to gross income, which are given in the table
only for the nonsalaried group of lawyers, dropped over the
period from 65 percent in 1947 to 61 percent in 1954.
Payroll and Other Expense Items
The decline in this ratio since 1947 can be examined more
closely by investigating the spread between gross and net
income over the period. Table 6 gives summary information
on payrolls and other expenses, and reveals clearly the growth
of these items over the period. The average nonsalaried
lawyer paid out to employees an estimated $1,835 in 1947
and $2,785 in 1954, an increase of 52 percent. Total gross
income for the same group of lawyers increased by 45 percent, resulting iri a larger proportion of gross income paid
out in the form of payrolls in 1954 than in the earlier year.
Table 3.—Average Net Income of Nonsalaried Lawyers in 1950 and
1954, and Percent of Lawyers Reporting Income Changes, by
Net Income Level in 1950 l
Average net income
It is evident from table 4 and the chart that, in general,
the relative distribution of income in 1950 and 1954 showed
little change. Although the differences which are noted are
not large, it is apparent that all the qtiintiles experienced increases in their shares of total income with the exception of
the highest which dropped from 49.0 to 47.1 percent. The
lowest segment shows the largest relative increase from 4.1
percent in 1950 to 4.6 percent in 1954. The second lowest
quintile showed a gain from 10.0 percent in 1950 to 10.6 percent in 1954, an increase of roughly half that registered by
the lowest segment on a proportional basis. The pattern is
one of ever decreasing percent gains in relative share for
each of the first four quintiles.
These changes reveal the fact that the relative distribution
of lawyers has moved slightly toward equality over the period
1950 net income level
1950 : 1954
i
Percent
increase,
1950-54
I
Percent of lawyers with 1954 income
level 2Below
1950
At 1950
Above
1950
Total
Under $5,000
$2, 552 1 $4,696
84.0 |
12. 1
23.8
64.1
$5,000-$! 0,000
7,160 i 10, 409
45. 4
21.9
18.8
59.4
100.0
$10,000-$! 5,000
11, 884 1 14,748
24. 1
26 7
16.1
57. 1
100. 0
$15,000 and over
28, 878 ! 32, 786
13.5
24.6
36.9
38.5
100.0
9,283 1 12,134
30.7
18.9
23.3
57.8
100.0
Total
1
2
100.0
Based on a subsample of nonsalaried lawyers reporting incomes in 1950 and 1954.
The concept of "level" used in making this tabulation is not that of a precise income, but
rather the same income interval. Thus, in a strict sense a large portion of the lawyers ranked
at the same level as in 1950 should be assigned to the classes above or below. Such changes
within the same interval can only be small, however, because of the small size of interval used
in the tabulations which provided the basis for this summary.
Source: U. S. Department of Commerce, Office of Business Economics.
SURVEY OF CURRENT BUSINESS
December 1956
The sum of rent and "other costs of practice" also increased
substantially from 1947 to 1954. In 1947 the combined
item of rent plus other non-payroll costs was $2,225 which
is to be compared with an estimated average of $3,675 in 1954,
an increase of 65 percent.
For the part-salaried group of lawyers a similar narrowing
of the spread between gross and net income is apparent.
Payroll expenses, which constitute a smaller percentage of
gross income for this group than for nonsalaried lawyers,
increased less than gross income over the period.7 The
combined item of rent plus "other costs of practice/ however, rose substantially and was sufficient to offset the
effect of the moderate rise in payroll costs. As a result
the ratio of net to gross income for this group also declined.
Table 4.—Distribution of Net Income Among Quintiles of All
Lawyers Ranked by Size of Total Income, 1950 and 1954
1954
1950
Quintile
Net income
Percent
of total
L/OWest
2d
3d
4th
Highest
Total
.
Mean
4.1
10.0
15.1
21.9
49.0
$1, 719
4,158
6,282
9,124
20, 441
100.0
8,345
Lower
income
limit of
quintile
$3, 150
5,171
7,485
11,410
Net income
Percent
of total
Mean
4.6
10.6
15.5
22.3
47.1
$2, 325
5,438
7,902
11,371
24, 056
100.0
10,218
Lower
income
limit of
quintile
$4, 192
6, 635
9,329
14, 152
Source: U. S. Department of Commerce, Office of Business Economics.
Table 7 provides more detailed information on the average
number of employees, the average payroll per lawyer, and
the average salary per employee. The strong positive relationship between the size of gross income and the number
of employees is readily apparent. The table also shows
that 60 percent of all nonsalaried lawyers list one employee
while 19 percent list 2 or more employees. The peak percentage of lawyers employing only one person occurs within
the $10,000 to $15,000 interval of gross income. While the
percentage of lawyers listing only one employee continues
high at higher levels of income, the percentage employing
two or more increases. For gross income levels above
$30,000 some 77 percent of nonsalaried lawyers were found
to employ 2 or more persons.
It is also interesting to note that the average pay per employee rises with gross income. This rise obviously reflects
to a large degree urban and rural differences in wage rates,
since high gross incomes are usually found in the large urban
communities. But it probably also reflects basic dissimilarities in the type of work performed by the employees.
29
Clientele: Individuals versus business
In 1954 approximately one half of the total gross income of
lawyers was received from individuals and the remainder
for legal services performed for the business community.
This result can be found in table 8, where the percent of
gross income received from individuals is given for each
level of gross income. With few irregularities, the pattern
that emerges is one of ever decreasing percentages as higher
levels of gross income are attained. For lawyers receiving
approximately $25,000 or more of gross income, the percent
of gross from individuals declines to less than 50 percent,
and in the highest group of $75,000 or more the percentage
falls to 14 percent. The lowest levels of gross income, in
contrast, show a very high dependence on individual clientele.
For the group of nonsalaried lawyers taken as a whole the
study showed that a slight shift in the nature of legal clientele
occurred since 1947. In the earlier year 71 percent of
lawyers reported that they received more than one half of
their gross income from individuals. The present survey
reveals that 67 percent fall in this category, implying a
larger dependence on business in 1954 than in the earlier
year.
Sources of legal income
It is possible from the information obtained in the present
survey to present a breakdown of lawyers into fairly detailed
source of income categories. Table 9 presents such a breakdown grouped under the main headings of whether the
lawyer obtained the major portion of his income from the
legal service or other industries.
The table shows a marked spread in incomes. Lawyers
working exclusively in salaried employment for private
industry received, on the average, the highest income
recorded. In 1954 such lawyers had a mean net income of
$13,770 which is substantially higher than any of the average
Table 5.—Gross and Net Income of Lawyers Derived from Their
Independent Practice, 1947-54
Year
Lawyers in Total income 2 (milMean
independlions oi" dollars)
gross inNet as
ent praccome 3 percent of
1
tice (thou(dollars)
gross 4
sands)
Gross
Net
1947
1948
1949
1950
108. 0
108. 3
108.5
108.8
1,283
1,422
1,483
1,545
827
903
919
965
11,498
12,459
12, 756
13, 264
64.7
64.2
62. 5
62. 9
1951
1952
1953
1954
109.0
109.6
110.3
110.9
1, 653
1,717
1,819
1,971
1,022
1,045
1, 097
1,203
14, 185
14, 700
15, 444
16, 719
62.4
61.4
60. S
61.4
._
1. Estimated number of lawyers with major source of income from independent practice,
based on the 1940 and 1950 censuses. The figures are revisions of those published in the
August 1949 issue of the SURVEY before the 1950 census was available.
2. Total income is from independent practice only and excludes, therefore, that portion of
income received by part-salaried lawyers from their salaried occupations.
3. For nonsalaried lawyers only.
Factors Affecting Income
4. These percents are obtained by dividing the average net income figures for nonsalaried
lawyers shown in table 1 by the appropriate gross income and expressing the result as a
percentage.
Source: U. S. Department of Commerce, Office of Business Economics.
The previous analysis of changes in the spread of incomes
over time made reference to some of the numerous factors
which determine the degree of income differences between
lawyers. Like all population groups, lawyers are composed
of many heterogeneous elements which differ markedly in
earning power. Nature of clientele, age, source of income,
size of community and geographic location are some of the
factors which profoundly affect earning capacity. The
following sections briefly explore some of these factors as
they relate to income.
incomes listed under the legal service industry category.
A high relative position is maintained also by lawyers working
for private industry with some income from independent
sources.
For those lawyers whose major source was outside the
legal service industry the lowest income was associated with
government employment. The civilian, nonjudicial Government lawyer working only for salary averaged $7,920 in
1954. Average income for a Government lawyer who also
SURVEY OF CURRENT BUSINESS
30
received some independent income was $7,390. Judges
engaged exclusively for salary enjoyed a relatively high
income of $11,620. Those judges dependent upon supplementary independent income averaged $7,910, a substantially
lower figure.
For the group of lawyers whose major source of income
came from outside the legal service industry, the average
income of those exclusively salaried was higher than the
])art-salaried. But this higher relative position was not
found for all the component groups within the all-salaried
and part-salaried categories. Part-salaried teachers of law
received substantially more than their all-salaried colleagues.
Size of law firm
Since independent lawyers frequently carry on their practices under partnership arrangements, it is interesting to
study the change in the number of partnerships over time,
and to examine the relationship between the size of such
combinations and the average income of its members. Table
10 presents the percentage distribution of lawyers by legal
form and the average income earned by each size of firm.
For convenience, the data obtained for the year 1947 are
included.
Table 6.—Gross Income, Net Income, and Expenses of Lawyers by
Source of Legal Income, 1947 and 1950-54
Item
1947
Percent of
1947
gross
income
1950
1951
1952
1953
1954
Percent of
1954
gross
income
AH nonsalaried lawyers
Mean amount:
Gross income
$11, 498
Payroll expenses 1
1,835
Rent i
Other costs of practice L } 2, 226
Net income
7,437
Median net income
5, 199
100.0 $13, 264 $14, 185 $14, 700 $15, 444
16. 0
19.4 4,915 5,330 5,679 6,052
64.7 8,349 8,855 9,021 9,392
5,722 6, 112 6,383 6,780
$16, 719
[ 2,786
\
9411
i 2, 734
10, 258
7,382
100.0
Ifi 7
5.6
16. 4
61.4
Part-salaried lawyers
Mean amount:
Gross income
4,886
Payroll
expenses !
2732
Rent J
Other costs of practice J - } 1, 093
Net income from independent practice.
3, 061
4,755
Salaried income
7,816
Total net income
Median net income
6, 117
100.0 6,240 6,352
15.0
22. 4 | 2 ' 357 2,504
6,593
2,599
7,653
f 1,009
414
2,746 {
1 1,492
100.0
13.2
5.4
19.5
3,883
4,101
7,984
6,590
3, 994
4,532
8,526
7, 051
4,198
4, 778
8, 976
7, 456 i
4.738
4'. 975
9,713
8, 034
61.9
62.6
3,848
4,382
8, 230
6,693
6,944
1. Detailed payroll and expense data are not available for all years. Thus, the figures for
1950-53 are residuals obtained by subtracting net income from gross income and therefore, are
the sum cf rent, payroll, and other costs of practice. The 1947 figures include payrolls and the
combined sum of rent and other costs of practice.
2. This figure is a correction of the previously published estimate given in table 3, in the
August 1949 SURVEY.
Source: U. S. Department of Commerce, Office of Business Economics.
It is apparent that a marked shift has occurred in the
organizational pattern since 1947. In the earlier year 74
percent of all lawyers were in practice as individual practitioners. Almost 15 percent were in firms consisting of 2
partners, and the remaining 11 percent in firms consisting
of over 2 members. In 1954, the percentage of lawyers in
individual practice had fallen to 65 and the percentage in
2-mcmber firms had risen to 18 percent. Approximately 17
percent were classified in firms consisting of over two partners. The percentage of lawyers in firms having nine or
more partners rose from 1.3 percent to 2.2 percent.
The percentage distribution shown in the table of the number of firms by size of members reflects the same phenomena;
the percentage of individual practitioners decreased from 88
percent in 1947 to 83 percent in the later year.
December 1<X>6
^ The table also shows the marked relationship between the
size of firm and the average income of lawyers. Lawyers
in firms consisting of between 5 and 8 members received on
the average over three times as much income as those in
individual practice. In the nine or more category the earnings are almost five times the income received by lawyers
in sole practice.
Size of community
An important reason for income variability among lawyers
is the size of community in which they practice. The relationship between size of legal income and size of place is
Table 7.—Percent Distribution of Nonsalaried Lawyers by Number
of Employees, arid Average Number of Employees and Payrolls,
by Gross Income Level, 1954
Number of employees
Gross income
0
1 i
2 or
more 2
Percent of lawyers
$0-$999
$1,000-$!, 999
$2,000-$2,999
$3,000-$3,999
$4,000-$4,999
._
. . .. .
j
Mean
Employees per
lawyer
Payroll
Peilawyer
Per
employee
92.3
85.1
69 0
60. 3
48. 1
7.0
14.9
29.4
39. 0
50.6
0.7
1.6
.7
1.3
0.08
.09
.25
.29
.42
$73
93
207
255
430
$5,000-$5,999
$6,000-$6,999
$7,000-$7,999
$8,000-$8,999
$9,000-$9,999._
39.2
29.3
20.0
22. 2
18.9
58.9
66.7
77.2
73.4
78.0
1.9
4.0
2.8
4.5
3.0
.49
.62
.68
.69
. 75
588
796
962
1, 055
1,222
$10,000-$10,999
$11, 000-$ 11, 999
$12,000-$12,999- _
$13,000-$13,999
$14,000-$14,999
14. 6
13.3
5.6
6.1
8.8
79.0
76. 3
86.8
84.0
78.5
6.4
10.4
7.6
9.9
12.7
.81
.81
.89
.96
.95
1, 527
1, 520
1, 755
1,992
1,959
1,893
1, 882
1,978
2, 070
2, 067
3.3
1.9
.5
80.1
66. 5
22.8
16.5
31.6
76.7
1.05
1.32
2.72
2,507
3, 667
11, 030
2, 377
2, 787
4, 059
20.8
60.5
18.6
1.02
2,786
2,727
$15,000-$19,999
$20,000-$29,999 ..
$30,000 and over
Total
.
:
;
$950
981
836
865
i, 023
1.201
1, 277
1, 410
1,527
1,629
1. Includes employees who performed less than 1 man-year of work. (A person who worked
only a half year was considered as one-half an employee, etc.) This category also includes
up to 1.45 employees.
2. Includes 1.5 employees and over.
Source: U. S. Department of Commerce, Office of Business Economics.
such that income continues to mount from the smallest to
the largest communities. Table 11 and the chart on p. 31
show that average incomes reported in communities of
1,000,000 and more are over two times those reported in
communities of under 1 000 population. The chart indicates that lawyers practicing in communities of 100,000250,000 population received approximately the average legal
income for the country as a w^hole, all larger communities
receiving more than average income.
The table also shows that in the smaller communities
average net income for the major salaried group of lawyers
tends to be larger than the incomes of major independent
practitioners. After a community size of 10,000-25,000 population is reached, however, the major independent group
receives on the average substantially higher incomes. In
the highest community size class of 1,000,000 and more,
however, the difference decreases and almost the same income
level is reached by the salaried group.
The relationship between size of community and income
previously mentioned for all lawyers does not hold in every
instance for the major independent group of lawyers. For
this group a small fall is registered after the community size
of 500,000 to 1,000,000 is reached. This drop was not found
in the previous large-scale survey and may be due to sampling
variability.
SURVEY OF CURRENT BUSINESS
December 1956
Of equal interest is the degree of spread of incomes within
each community size group. The spread of incomes around
the mean value appears to increase with community size for
the group of major independent lawyers, although there are
some exceptions. The pattern for the major salaried group
is not clear and, compared with major independent lawyers,
does not appear to manifest as substantial differences in
variability between the various size of community categories.
Table il also presents data for 11 of the Nation's largest
cities. It may be noted that the pattern of income versus
size of community appears to break down when examination
is confined to these large concentrations of population. With
the exception of Boston, most of the average incomes in the
all-lawyer group are substantially larger than the national
average. San Francisco, however, with the smallest population of the cities included reported the highest mean income
of $17,340 for major independent lawyers and $13,160 for
the group of all lawyers. It appears that in the largest
communities local factors become significant in explainingsize of income.10
Region and State incomes
Table 12 gives mean and median incomes for selected
States. Data are presented for major independent, major
salaried and for all lawyers whenever the number of lawyers
reporting to the survey was sufficient to assure a fair measure
of reliability.
The table reveals the marked differences in income among
the States and regions. Thus, Florida reported a mean
31
income of $7,830 for all lawyers while, at the other extreme,
California yielded the high mean income of $12,180. Florida
was followed rather closely by Kentucky and Tennessee
among the low-income States, while Pennsylvania, Connecticut, and New York, followed California among the highranking States. It is apparent that one of the reasons for
the variability of lawyer incomes previously noted is due to
the location of legal practice.
The ranking of regions and States is not always the same
for the major independent, major salaried and all-lawyer
groups. Thus, the regional averages show that the Middle
East ranks first in the category of all lawyers but second in
the major independent group, changing place with the Far
West. This change in rank points up the interesting fact
that the high average income for all lawyers in the Middle
East is determined, to a large extent, by the high income
reported by the major salaried group which yielded an
average of $11,320 compared with $9,900 in the Far West.
The highest mean income for any State was reported by
California for the major independent group of lawyers.
Although California retains the highest rank among the
States when the group of all lawyers is considered, the mean
income of $10,410 reported by the major salaried group
substantially reduces the mean income of all lawyers relative
to New York and Pennsylvania both of which reported
incomes for the major salaried group over $1,700 higher. In
fact, the salary levels for both New York and Pennsylvania
are considerably above those for the major independent
group of lawyers in those States.
Average Net Income of All Lawyers, by Size of Community, 1954
THOUSANDS OF DOLLARS
15 —
NATIONAL AVERAGE
\
10 —
5 —
UNDER
1,000
1,0002,499
2,5004,999
5,0009,999
10,00024,999
25,00049,999
50,00099,999
100,000249,999
250,000499,999
500,000999,999
1,000,000
and over
SIZE OF COMMUNITY ( 1 9 5 0 P O P U L A T I O N )
U. S. Department of Commerce, Office of Business Economics
56-43-IO
SURVEY OF CURRENT BUSINESS
32
It is evident that average incomes tend to be relatively
homogeneous within regions of the Nation. Thus, every
State included in the Middle East reported average incomes
for the all-lawyer group in excess of the national average.
Similarly, all the States of the Southeast region, with the
exception of Louisiana, had incomes below that of the Nation
as a whole. The exception in the Far West is Washington
with a mean income of $8,850 which is substantially below
the regional average.11
The table also presents per capita personal income estimates for each State. It is apparent from the ranking of
States by per capita income and lawyers' income that a
positive relationship between the two exists. Thus, the
Middle East ranks first in average income of lawyers and
second in per capita income. The Far West region ranks
first in per capita income and second in the average income
of lawyers.
There are sufficient disparities between the ranking of
States by per capita income and income of lawyers, however,
to suggest that the relationship is not very close. Thus,
New England, which ranks third in per capita, ranks fifth
in lawyers' income.
Table 12 also includes data on the number of lawyers per
100,000 of population. In some of the other professions
similar ratios are significant because they provide indexes
of the supply of professional services in relation to demand.
Inasmuch as size of population is not a good indicator of the
demand for legal services, the index has no corresponding
significance in the case of legal incomes. The index is of
interest, however, as a simple measure of lawyer concentration.12
It would appear that at least part of the explanation for
the inadequacy of per capita income and lawyer concentration to account for interstate lawyer income differences can
be found in the nature of lawyer clientele and the close
connection between legal and business activity. In areas of
high business and financial concentration the many conTable 8.—Percent of All Lawyers With Gross Income, and Average
Gross Income
Received From Individuals, by Gross Income
Level, 19541
tractual arrangements necessary call for a high degree of
lawyer participation. This component of the effective
demand for the services of lawyers need bear little relationship to the population base and can be only imperfectl^v
related to per capita income. Apart from the obviously
close association of legal and business activity, the reasons
for interregional differences in lawyers' incomes must be
studied in the larger context of the determinants of regional
and State incomes in general.
Age and years of practice
In all occupations and professions a relationship exists
between age and income. Professions in general compared
with most other occupations are typified by long periods of
earning power which do not terminate until well into old age.
Characteristically, income rises from the relatively low levels
received by new entrants to a peak income associated with
Table 9.—Average Net Income of Lawyers in the Legal Service
Industry and in Other Industries by Source of Legal Income,
1954
Gross income level 2
Received from
individuals
Average
Average
$0-$999
$1.000-$! ,999 _ _
4.2
4.2
. ..
$2, 000- $2, 999
$.'•> 000 $3 (>99
__
$510
1, 504
2, 507
3,479
Percent
$417
1,127
1.855
2,496
3,370
81.8
74.9
74.0
71. 7
74.8
4,027
4,502
5, 169
5, 850
6, 491
73. 7
69.6
69.2
69.0
68.5
64.3
65.1
61.7
68.1
64.2
$4 000-&4 999
5. 3
$5 000~$5 999
5.4
5 2
4.4
5.0
4.4
5, 462
6, 472
7, 466
8, 475
4.5
3.4
4.2
3.0
2.8
10, 435
12, 445
13, 470
14, 442
6,709
7,468
7, 681
9,172
9,267
11.1
7.5
4.6
4.9
2.3
17, 150
22, 157
27, 262
34, 342
45, 000
10, 014
11,716
13, 479
14, 570
16, 074
58.4
52.9
49.4
42.4
35.7
2.3
59, 784
19, 300
32.3
1.3
122, 217
16, 966
13.9
100.0
15, 092
7,493
49.6
$6 000 -$6 999
$7 000-$7 999
$g (){)0-$8 999
$9,000-$9,999
$10, 000-$] 0,999
$11 000-$ 11 999
$12 000-$1 2,099
$13,000-$13,999 _
$14 000-$14 999
__
_
.
.
.
- -.
._
$15,000-$! 9,999
$20 000-$24,999
$25,000-$29,999
$30 ()00-$39 999
$40 000-$49,999
$50 000-$74,999
$75 000 and over
Total
- ..
.. ..
4, 504
9,469
11,477
1. Includes all nonsalaricd and part-salaried lawyers.
2. Gross income excludes all salaried income received by lawyers.
Source: Department of Commerce, Office of Business Economics.
Percent
in each
group
Source of income group
Net income l
Mean
Median
Major source of income from the legal service industry:
Nonsalaried
Major independent, also salary.- _
Salary from law firm only
Major salaried in law firm, also independent
Major source of income from other industries: 2
Salary in other industries only
Lawyer in private industry
Judge
Teacher of law
Civilian, noniudicial Government lawyer,
Lawyer in other organizations -.
_ _ ._
Major salary in other industries, also independent.
Lawyer in private industry
.. ..
Judge
Teacher of law .
_ . _
Civilian, non judicial Government lawyer
Lawyer in other organizations
Total
Gross income
Percent
at each
gross
income
level
December 19o6
61.0
6.0
$10, 258
10, 667
$7. 382
9. 190
6.8
1.6
7, 786
6.774
19.6
8.9
3.4
.9
5.5
8
11,272
13,769 i
11,616 1
8,966 !
i 4.9
1.9
.6
.3
1.8
.4
100.0
7,724
6. 886
7,915 i
8 416 !
9, Of."
10.330
11. 100
8, 429
7, 578
7 907
;
7, 823
12, 245 ;
7,912
11.019
10,492
7,387
10,417
9,288
;
7, 625
j
6. 875
(3)
10,218 I
7, 833
3
()
1. Includes legal income from independent practice as well as salaries for all-salaried and
part-salaried lawyers.
2. Lawyers who were members of the Armed Forces during the period covered by the
present study were considered not in practice for the time of such service.
3. Too few cases reported to provide reliable results.
Source: Department of Commerce, Office of Business Economics.
the years of maximum productivity which, in turn, is followed
by a gradual decline. The distribution of lawyers is composed of the complex of all age groups in practice, each at a
different stage of earning power, and relative income dispersion results in part from this varied composition.
Table 13 and the chart on p. 34 show the average net
incomes received by lawyers in various age groups. For the
group of all lawyers, income rises from $5,280 in the 25 to 29
year age group to a peak income of $12,870 earned by lawyers
aged 55-59, and then declines to $9,050 in the 65 and over
group. A feature of this pattern is the relatively stable
earning power over a substantial number of years on both
sides of the maximum income group. Thus, from age 45
through 64 average net income does not vary by much more
than $700. This rather broad peak of maximum earning
power is characteristic of professions and constitutes one of
their attractions to new entrants.
The same general rise and ultimate decline in income is
also apparent when the incomes of the major independent
and major salaried groups are examined. There are some
SURVEY OF CURKENT BUSINESS
December 1956
Table 10.—Percentage Distribution of Nonsalaried Lawyers and
Law Firms and Average Net Incomes, by Size of Firms, 1947
and 1954
1954
1947
Size of firm
(members)
Percent distribution
Lawyers
!___ . _ _
2
3__ _
4
5-8
-
Mean
Law
firms
Median
73.6
14.8
4.9
2.1
87. 8
8.8
1.9
.6
65.0
17.9
7.9
3.2
83.1
11.5
3.4
1.0
$7,315
11,169
14, 830
19, 824
$5, 485
9,022
12, 407
14,812
3.4
.7
3.9
.9
23, 849
20, 571
1.3
.1
2.2
.2
36, 102
27, 159
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
10, 258
7,382
. ..
9 or more *
Total
Lawyers
Law
firms
Net income per
member
Percent distribution
1. The average-size firm in 1954 in the 9 or more member group consisted of 12.75 members.
Source: Department of Commerce, Office of Business Economics.
differences, however, which may be noted. Peak income
among the major independent group is found in the 55-59
age group while the maximum income occurs somewhat
earlier for the major salaried lawyer. After the age of peak
income is reached earnings decline at a substantially slower
rate for the major salaried than for the major independent
group.
As noted in the previous large-scale study of legal incomes,
the median age of the independent and salaried groups differ
significantly. The median age for the major independent
group in 1954 was 46 years, while that for the major salaried
was 42 years. The median age for all lawyers combined was
45 years. Compared with data obtained from the 1948
survey, the lawyers reporting in 1955 were somewhat older
on the average. The median age in 1947 was 44 years for
all lawyers, and 45 and 41 years for the major independent
and major salaried groups, respectively.
Table 14 gives a condensed cross-tabulation of the percent
of lawyers at various levels of net income for each of the age
groups. The first fact indicated by the table is the substantial dispersion of incomes at each age level. Even for
33
the 55-59 age group of major independents—the age bracket
of their maximum income—we find 29 percent of lawyers
receiving incomes below $5,000 annually. A similar percentage characterizes all other middle year age brackets.
As we might expect, however, marked increases in the percentages below $5,000 occur both in the early and very late
years.
The major salaried group manifests similar wide dispersion
at all age levels although the dispersion is markedly lower
than that found for the major independents. The maximum
dispersion does not differ appreciably from the lowest
observed among major independent lawyers. In general, the
lower income dispersion among salaried lawyers is due to the
fact that at each age level a smaller proportion of the salaried
groups receive relatively low incomes. The proportions
earning relatively high incomes are fairly similar for salaried
and independent lawyers.
Another feature of the table is the positive association
between age and relative income dispersion. The higher dispersion in the older age groups reflects the fact that not all
lawyers are equally successful in improving their earning
power with years of practice, and that some lawyers maintain
or continue to improve the earning power they acquire earlier
in their careers, while others tend to fall back to lower
income levels with advancing age.
The latter tendency seems to be in clear evidence for the
65 years and over group. For instance, the proportion ol
major independents in this age bracket making less than
$5,000 rises to a figure not dissimilar to that shown for the
youngest age groups. But dispersion for the oldest age
group is substantially larger than for the younger groups,
because the proportion of older lawyers enjoying high incomes is significantly larger.
Table 15 serves to analyze the combined effects of the age
factor and of the general rise in legal incomes on the earnings
of lawyers of specified ages. It presents average net incomes
at selected age levels in 1947 and similar incomes in 1954
estimated at age levels 7 years older.
We note that the combination of the two factors resulted
in rather substantial increases for the younger groups. Thus,
Table 11.—Average Net Income of Lawyers by Major Source of Legal Income, by Size of Community and for 11 Selected Large Cities, 1954
All lawyers
Category
Percent
in each
category
Net income
Mean
Major salaried
Major independent
Median
Coefficient
of variation
Percent
in each
category
Net income
Mean
Median
Cofficient
of variation
Percent
in each
category
Net income
Mean
Median
Coefficient
of variation
Size of place
Under 1,000
1,000-2,499
2,500-4,999 _
5,000-9,999
10,000-24,999
25,000-49,999
50,000-99,999
100,000-249,999
250,000-499,999
500 000-999 999
1,000,000 or more
United States
New York
Chicago _ __
Philadelphia
Los Angeles
Detroit_-_
City
_ _ _.
_ __
__
._
BaltimoreCleveland
St. Louis
Washington, D. C
Boston
Ban Francisco _ _ __ __ _.
_ _
_ _..
1.9
5.0
6.0
6.8
9.4
7.5
$5, 639
6,242
7,113
8,086
9,187
9,888
$4, 483
5,270
6, 356
7,045
7,589
7,896
81.8
79.7
66.1
69.4
78.5
79.1
2.3
6.6
7.6
8.5
11.0
8.0
$5, 424
6,112
7,059
7,982
9,231
10, 107
$4, 300
5,206
6,205
6,774
7,700
8,069
86.5
70.8
69.0
71.8
80.8
83.8
1.0
1.8
2.7
3.5
6.3
6.6
0)
0)
$7,416
8,589
9,037
9,367
0)
0)
$6, 938
7,462
7, 410
7,762
7.7
10.1
10.8
14.9
19.9
9, 928
10, 269
11,005
11,407
12, 709
8, 050
8,037
8,267
8,215
9,412
77.0
83.4
95.8
104.1
111. 1
8.0
9.6
9.5
11.1
17.8
10, 156
10, 615
12, 158
13, 184
12, 856
8.310
7.837
9,310
8,440
8,455
80.2
93. 1
99.1
117.4
131.4
7.0
11. 1
13.4
22.4
24.2
9,417
9,680
9,406
9,668
12, 495
7, 545
8,328
7,615
8, 105
10, 122
67.7
57. 8
82.0
64.0
69. 1
100.0
10, 218
7,833
99.2
100.0
10, 294
7,554
110.4
100.0
10,068
8,229
70.6
9.0
4.9
1.7
2.9
1.5
12, 967
12, 888
11, 793
12,811
11,456
9,009
10, 135
9, 750
9,422
9, 500
132. 8
96.1
66.6
82.0
85.2
8.2
4.2
1.7
2.2
1.4
12, 986
12, 730
12, 035
14,519
10, 864
7,568
9,375
10, 150
10, 750
8,438
159.9
113.3
68.3
91.1
93.7
10.5
6.1
1.8
4.1
1.7
12, 937
13, 106
11,338
10, 953
12, 455
10, 288
10, 562
9,083
9,167
10,312
73.4
67.4
62.6
52.9
71.6
.9
1.3
.9
3.3
1.4
1.9
11,035
11,704
10, 375
11,412
9,882
13, 157
8,250
8,062
7,389
8,886
7,417
8,712
87.0
91.5
74.4
91.2
102.7
117.6
.8
.9
.8
1.5
1.1
1.4
11,470
11,832
11,787
16,115
11,153
17, 345
8,083
7,417
10, 750
11,625
7.700
9,667
102.9
97.6
75.7
102.1
111.0
118.7
1.2
1.9
1.3
6.7
2.1
2.9
10, 423
11, 582
8,717
9, 264
8,562
9, 243
8,375
8, 125
7,000
8,631
7, 250
8,306
48.0
84.9
63.7
47.5
80.4
64.2
1. Too few cases reported to provide reliable results.
408827 °—50
5
Source: U. S. Department of Commerce, Office of Business Economics.
(0
(')
48.4
57. 5
70. 0
63.7
SURVEY OF CURRENT BUSINESS
34
while the average net income for all lawyers rose from $7,530
in 1947 to $10,220 in 1954, an increase of 36 percent, an
average lawyer 30 years of age in 1947 experienced an increase of 114 percent. Increases substantially larger than
average are noted for all the selected age levels with the
exception of those lawyers aged 50 in 1947 who just about
experienced the average increase. It is apparent that the
better than average experience of the selected age levels
included in the table was offset by less than average gains
registered by the older age groups. (For technical reasons
figures for these groups could not be included in the table.)
Average Net Income of All Lawyers in
Practice, by Specified Age Groups, 1954
THOUSANDS OF DOLLARS
15 —
10 —
5 —
December 1956
the maximum income was found in the next interval which
covered 30-34 years in practice. It is apparent that during
the first years of practice there is a noticeably higher income
among major salaried than among major independent
lawyers.
Full-time and part-time practice
In 1954 about 8 percent of the lawyers in the sample
reported part-time status. This group was composed of
lawyers whose exclusive source of earnings was from legal
work as well as those who had supplementary extra-legal
earnings. It is not surprising that the legal income of this
group is substantially less than that of full-time lawyers.
Table 17 summarizes the available data for the two groups
of major independent and major salaried lawyers as well as
for all lawyers combined.
It is seen that the mean income rises by about $400 when
the sample is confined exclusively to full-time lawyers.
The part-time group reported legal earnings less than half
that of their full-time colleagues. It is also seen that the
percent of lawyers reporting part-time status is somewhat
higher among the major independent group than among the
major salaried. For the major independent group the mean
income would be raised by over $650 if the full-time component alone were considered. For this group the mean income of full-time lawyers is over three times that of those
engaged only part-time.
The survey showed substantial numbers of part-time
lawyers at almost all levels of net income. As might be
expected the proportion of part-time lawyers is largest at
the lower levels of net income. But a proportion, usually
varying between 3 and 4 percent, was found at all the high
income levels with the exception of the $75,000 and over
class.
The presence of this group at high income levels indicates
that for a sizable number of lawyers part-time practice is
not associated with relatively low earnings.
Technical Notes
2529
3034
3539
4044
4549
5054
5559
6064
658
Over
AGE GROUPS (YEARS)
U. S. Department of Commerce, Office of Business Economics
The excess of the percentage increases noted over the
average rise for all lawyers can be regarded as a rough index
of the age effect on income. Needless to say, only average
amounts are provided which do not show the marked dispersion in the income changes actually experienced by particular individuals.
Table 16 gives mean and median incomes for each yearsin-practice level for the major independent and major
salaried group as well as for all lawyers. Since age and
number of years in practice are highly correlated, much the
same kind of pattern is indicated as given previously. Again,
as was found in the 1947 study, the peak net income occurred
in the 25 to 29 years-in-practice group. This interval also
contained the peak income of those engaged in major independent practice. For the major salaried group, however,
As in previous Office of Business Economics surveys of economic conditions in various
professions, the present study was based on a mail sample of the profession at large. The
original list of lawyers from which the sample was drawn was obtained from a commercial
mailing service. The list was maintained by States and further grouped by American Bar
Association membership and nonmembership and by large communities within each State.
The order within each of these groups was alphabetical. The sample was drawn by taking
every fifth case from the names so arranged.
In total 42,721 questionnaires were mailed. (A copy of the questionnaire used is available
on request.) Approximately 3 percent of these were returned undelivered. The number
of delivered questionnaires returned was 10,414, or 25.2 percent of the number presumed
delivered. Some of the returned questionnaires, however, consisted of deceased or retired
cases, and of cases reporting exclusive employment in nonlegal work. After deletion of these
cases as well as those furnishing no income information, a total of 8,933 usable returns remained. Thus, the number of usable questionnaires was 21.6 percent of the number of
lawyers presumed to have received questionnaires. Compared with the previous large-scale
survey of 1948, when 18.1 percent of delivered questionnaires were usable, the present study
was somewhat more successful in enlisting lawyer cooperation.
In the editing process some returns showing part-year incomes were converted to a fulltime equivalent basis. The procedure used approximated that of assigning weights toT lawyers
in practice for only a portion of a year equal to the ratio of the number of months w orked to
the full number of months in the year. This procedure had the effect of including such partyear lawyers at their annual earning rates rather than at incomes actually earned during the
year in question.
The representativeness of the returned questionnaires was appraised by comparison with
(a) 1950 census counts of the number of lawyers by States, (5) the 1950 census proportion of
major independent and major salaried lawyers, (c) age data from the same census, and (d) the
estimated proportion of American Bar Association members of the total number of lawyers
in April 1955. Needless to say, differences were observed between the present study and all
the above-mentioned controls. Some of these discrepancies could be presumed to be due to
the fact that the census data were not for a comparable year, but it could be safely assumed
that most were due to vagaries in reporting.
In the case of the first three of the controls mentioned, however, the effect of the observed
differences on the average income calculations were small. In regard to the State distribution
of lawyers, there was some underreporting in the New England, Middle Eastern and Southeastern States. Tests showed that geographic weighting using the census controls would have
raised the overall mean of lawyers only slightly. The major independent and major salaried
breakdown was close to the census proportions and in view of the small differences between
the mean incomes of the two groups weighting would have had negligible effect.
Although comparison with the census age data indicated some rather marked discrepancies,
the effect of these on overall average income was small. Among the reasons for not incorporating the census weights were the relatively small size of the inferred correction, the lack of full
comparability due to the date the census was taken, and the difficulty of estimating age
data for the two groups of American Bar Association members and nonmembers which, as
indicated below, furnished the basic weighting scheme used in the present study.
SUEVEY OF CURRENT BUSINESS
December 1956
The percentage of lawyers reporting that they were American Bar Association members
showed a marked discrepancy with the control figures. Approximately 36 percent of Bar
Association members reported, compared with an estimated 29 percent as of April 1955. In
view of income differences between members and nonmembers, weighting for this factor was
carried through. This was done by drawing a sample from the group of non-ABA returns
for duplication prior to tabulation of the machine cards. Thus, the percent distributions
given in the text are of the augmented sample which includes the duplicated returns.
35
5. While broadly indicative of the changes since 1947 the percentages given in the table
for the number of incomes above any income point cannot be taken as strictly accurate because of the possibility of sampling error. In order to minimize these errors the text statements
have been confined only to broad groups of returns which can be expected to have greater
reliability. Also, full comparability is somewhat limited by the fact that the published
1947 distribution was not on a full-time equivalent basis as is the present one (see Technical
notes), and would therefore have a slightly lower mean. Because the latter effect is small,
however, it could not seriously affect the broad conclusions drawn in the text.
6. The table suggests that a lawyer's ranking in 1950 gives only an approximate indication
of his position on the income scale in 1954. A correlation between 1950 and 1954 incomes for
this subsample of lawyers yielded a coefficient of .83 which, while decidedly significant, still
leaves 31 percent of the variability noted in the 1954 distribution "unexplained" by the ranking of individuals in 1950.
7. If high sampling accuracy and full comparability could be assumed for both of the independent samples for 1947 and 1954, an analysis of changes in relative distribution over the
1947-54 period would have been preferred to the 1950-54 comparison. Analysis was confined
to the 1950 and 1954 distributions of the present sample, however, mainly because of comparability and the fact that the distributions include a large proportion of identical respondents.
If sampling and other considerations are ignored, however, the evidence reveals a slight drop
in relative dispersion from 194.7 to 1954. (The measure used was the coefficient of concentration. See footnote 9.)
8. For these and other estimates of the relative distribution of income among the Nation's
consumer units, see SURVEY, June J956, page 9.
9. The evidence brought forward here cannot, however, be regarded as conclusive. Apart
from sampling considerations, it can be assumed that some lawyers who were in practice in
1950 have left such practice and, consequently, may not have reported to the survey. Similarly, the study contains a number of lawyers reporting incomes in 1954 but not in 1950 although it was apparent that they were in practice in the earlier year. While the latter group
can be tested for homogeneity with the remainder of the returns in 1954 its income in the
earlier year cannot be estimated without assumption. For these reasons a subsample of
returns in the nonsalaried group was selected for further study. The subsample was confined only to those returns reporting incomes in both 1950 and 1954. While not necessarily
indicative of changes in the distribution as a whole, it is significant that the subsample revealed a similar movement toward equality.
Footnotes to Article
1. See the August 1949 issue of the SURVEY.
2. Nonsalaried lawyers are defined here as those who are engaged in private practice as
entrepreneurs with or without partners and who do not receive salaries for legal work performed. The all-salaried group receives only salaries with no additional income from private
independent practice. The part-salaried group receives income from both sources. The
alternative method of grouping lawyers in table 1 and elsewhere in this article is that of
major independent and major salaried lawyers. In this grouping, the previously mentioned
three groups are combined into two, depending upon which of the sources is major. Thus,
the major independent group consists of all the nonsalaried as well as that portion of the partsalaried receiving more than half of their incomes from independent sources. The major
salaried is defined similarly.
3. The part-salaried estimate is neglected in these comparisons since the group constitutes
the smallest segment in the profession and hence most difficult to sample reliably. Thus,
there is some evidence that the 1947 estimate of $7,820 for that group is probably high due
primarily to unusually high incomes reported in the subgroup of those part-salaried who
receive most of their incomes from independent practice.
4. The coefficient of variation, which measures the relative dispersion of incomes around the
mean of the distribution, was 110.4 for the major independent group and 70.6 for major salaried lawyers. Thus, the two groups differed substantially in relative dispersion despite
the fact that their mean incomes were quite similar.
Table 12.—Average Net Income of Lawyers by Major Source of Legal Income and Number of Lawyers, by Region and Selected States, 1954
Average net income of
all lawyers
Region and State l
Mean
Median
Average net income by major source of
legal income
Independent practice
Mean
Median
Salaried practice
Mean
Median
Rank*
Per capita Lawyers
income of per 100,000
Average Per capita Lawvers
total popu- civilian
lation 2
population income of income of per 100,000
civilian
total
(number) 3 all lawyers
population population
$10, 218
$7,833
$10, 294
$7, 554
$10, 068
$8, 229
$1, 767
120
9,260
11,892
9,158
7,530
9,438
7,615
8,989
7,312
9,750
7,594
9,923
0)
9,137
7,795
0)
7,650
1,957
2,368
1,957
129
128
153
5
3
20
3
1
9
2
10
5
Middle East
District of Columbia
Maryland
New Jersey
New York
Pennsylvania
11,522
11,412
10,653
10, 551
11,755
11,896
8,670
8,886
8,250
8,542
8,470
9,260
7,922
11,322
9, 264
10, 423
11,347
12,159
12,245
9,250
8, 631
8, 375
8, 458
9,800
9,444
2,007
2,204
1,949
2,227
2,159
1,810
168
600
194
158
222
80
1
7
9
11
4
2
2
3
10
2
6
12
1
1
3
4
2
29
Southeast.. _ . _..
Alabama
Florida
. . . _ . .
Georgia
Kentucky.. _ _ ._ _ . _
Louisiana
North Carolina
Tennessee .
Virginia
8,496
9, 333
7,831
9,227
7,842
11, 651
8,450
7,866
8,988
6,720
7, 500
5, 833
6, 550
6,438
7,958
6,650
6,194
7,429
8,435
0)
8,111
0)
(')
8, 673
0)
7, 158
0)
(0
7,345
0)
6,750
0)
0)
8, 552
5, 429
0)
(')
(')
(')
(')
6, 750
9,848
8,643
1,218
1,054
1,576
1 , 217
1,200
1, 296
1,173
1,200
1,483
84
59
128
86
86
84
58
81
138
6
17
31
19
30
6
26
29
21
7
31
22
27
28
26
30
29
24
7
30
11
24
25
27
31
28
7
9,476
9,296
7,469
9,585
0)
9,687
6,750
0)
6,365
9,315
9,161
9,557
1,541
110
137
106
4
18
15
6
25
23
5
8
17
7,827
6,278
8,725
7,625
7,357
7,685
6,750
10, 142
11,373
10, 586
8,009
10, 133
9,612
10, 668
10, 053
8, 773
7,823
8,696
7,929
6,214
8,455
7,062
8,188
8,071
6,729
10, 168
12, 288
0)
0)
11,368
9,598
8,592
9,564
8,357
1,906
2, 162
1,797
1,669
2,003
1,651
1,713
1,947
1,711
111
146
88
98
85
98
120
115
103
3
5
12
28
10
16
14
13
24
4
5
13
19
7
20
15
11
16
4
6
23
22
26
21
12
15
19
6,750
7,375
6,750
5,950
8,768
9,273
8,782
0)
6,790
8, 250
6,786
7,403
6,817
6, 856
0)
1,589
1,688
1,686
1,645
105
133
102
115
7
25
27
23
5
17
18
21
6
9
20
14
9,046
9,289
9,083
7,656
12, 449
13, 464
0)
9,387
2,102
2,170
1,762
1,964
116
120
104
106
2
1
8
22
1
4
14
8
3
13
18
16
United States
New England _. - _
Connecticut __
Massachusetts
Southwest
OklahomaTexas
_
- _-
--
. _
Central
Illinois
-_ -- - - _ - . . _.
Indiana
Iowa
Michigan
Minnesota.
.. _. - _ _ __
Missouri
Ohio
...
Wisconsin. ..
Northwest
Colorado.
Kansas
Nebraska
Far West
.
California
Oregon
Washington..
-.
-. -~
9, 636
10, 150
.
11,701
9,990
7,888
10, 586
9,607
9,850
9,894
8,649
8,424
. . -.
8,611
8,318
8,822
-.
_
_ __
.
- _
11,460
12, 184
11,025
8,850
7, 500
7,426
7,834
9, 250
12, 246
9,167
11,640
0)
0)
10, 254
1 1 , 537
11,747
0)
C1)
(')
1. Regional data include States (not shown separately) with too few cases to yield reliable
results. To provide a maximum of information not elsewhere obtainable, a somewhat lenient
criterion (estimated standard errors of 10 percent or less) was used in the selection of States
shown separately in this table.
2. 1954 data. (See SURVEY, August 1956.)
3. The number of lawyers which provided the basis for these computations was taken from
the Census of Population: 1950, Series P-C. In order to achieve comparability, 1950 population figures were used in the computations (from Current Population Report*, Series P-25,
No. 145, Bureau of the Census, Oct. 19,1956). Thus, the numbers are not strictly appropriate
to the 1954 per capita and lawyer's incomes included in the table. The 1950 census data are
88,600
7,428
9, 150
6,215
(0
0)
9,540
10, 188
0)
8,438
(')
(J)
9,901
10, 407
8,686
7,675
80)
8,114
7,462
8, 400
7,853
10, 096
89,375
8,350
6,900
7,338
6,812
6,650
5,750
6,700
<l)
8,449
8,853
8,150
7,167
1,445
1,572
used because of the fundamental difficulty of estimating State figures for succeeding years
which would be consistent with census definitions and levels. Interstate shifts that may have
occurred during the period are believed to be insufficient to obscure the basic pattern of geographical distribution of lawyers shown here.
4. The ranking for States includes only those shown in the table. True ranks may be different, in some cases, from those shown because of sampling error and the fact that differences
among State means are sometimes small.
Source: U. S. Department of Commerce, Office of Business Economics.
SURVEY OF CURRENT BUSINESS
36
For purposes of comparison an index of overall dispersion was used which is in common use
among income analysts, namely the so-called coefficient of concentration. This overall
measure, which is derivable from the sum of all income differences between the income
received by one recipient and all other recipients, was found to be .511 in 1950 and .488 in 1954
showing a drop in relative income dispersion. (The coefficient used here has a range of one
to zero.)
The changes in relative distribution evidenced here do not appear to have continued without interruption from 1950 to 1954. Coefficients of variation computed for all lawyers in the
entire sample showed that relative dispersion probably became slightly greater from 1950
to 1951 before declining continuously to 1954.
10. Some of the differences among the average incomes may result from the proportion
within each city of major independent and major salaried lawyers reporting to the survey.
order coefficient of average income and per capita income, indicating that the added variable
of the number of lawyers per 100,000 of population was of negligible value. It is apparent that
the coefficient of .35 obtained from the correlation of average income versus the number of
lawyers per unit of population was due primarily to the intercorrelation between per capita
income and the number of lawyers per unit of population (.47). Indeed, when the influence
of the per capita variable was held constant the partial coefficient between average income of
lawyers and the number per unit of population was found to be —.01, which had the expected
sign but was not significant.
Table 15.—Average 1947 and 1954 Net Incomes of AH Lawyers at
Selected Age Levels in 1947 1
an, ex
.
geneity within each region does little to explain the variability of lawyers' incomes for the
region as a whole. Thus, computations show that only 5 percent of the total variability of
—
—
l
rie
th
i12. A correlation of average incomes of lawyers and per capita personal income yielded a
coefficient of .76. A similar correlation between average income of lawyers and the number
of lawyers per 100,000 of population yielded a coefficient of only .35. A multiple correlation
with average income as the dependent variable scarcely showed change from the initial first
December 1956
Selected ages in 1947
30
35
40
45
50
-
Average
net income
in 1947
Corresponding
age levels
in 1954
$4, 077
5, 970
7,374
8 366
9 462
37
42
47
52
57
--
. --
...
7,532
All ages
Table 13.—Average Net Income of Lawyers by Major Source of
Legal Income and Age Level, 1954
Major independent
rt
a
•-< a Net income
"" a Net income o
^3
3
o
rt-2 «
d b£
2
.23 *"
0
f
3 I g «€
&
0
s-i
c3
T3
*i c3
C<3
<D >
1
1
<£>
0 CD
o ®
0
%
S
O
Oi
PM
Age group
(years)
'o
3
o-g
0
i
e)
0)
5.7 $5, 276 $5, 099 "549
Under 25
25-29
30-34
35-39
_ -_
40-44
(2)
4.7 $4, 966
15.5 6,750 6,166 67.6 12.0 6,656
14.0 8,925 7,827 66.3 13.8 8,962
14.6 11,356 9,371 74.2 15.3 11,376
45-49
50-54
55-59
60-64
65 and over
15.5 12,152
12.0 12, 844
7.2 12, 874
6.1 12,193
9.4 9,046
All lawyers
(2)
9,496
9,728
9,366
8,897
6,474
0)
£ a Net income
«I 2|
II
£3
o
.2"S
*%
O
$8
11
12
12
12
704
113
072
788
872
113
86
63
52
36
5
1
7
9
0
35 7
10,218
1. The figures in this table were derived by interpolation for incomes at specific age levels in
both the 1947 and 1954 age distributions. Average ages for each age group, required in these
interpolations, were estimated by formula based on the relative frequencies in adjacent classes.
Source: IT. S. Department of Commerce, Office of Business Economics.
Major salaried
d
•3
o3
0
T3
1
PH
^
(2)
$4, 342
71.8 7.9 $5, 641 $5, 460
5,679 87.0 22.4 6,849 6,392
7,743 75.1 14.5 8,855 7,908
9,146 80.8 13.1 11,310 9,726
Coefficient of j
variation
|
All lawyers
Average Percent innet income crease in
in 1954 average net
income
31.1
35.9
44,7
55.9
87.6 16.2 12,075 9,257 95.2 14.3 12, 323 9,974 68.5
116.4 12.7 12,651 9,046 131.2 10.5 13,308 10, 562 74.2
108.5 7.5 12, 739 8,650 120. 2 6.5 13. 183 10, 288 77.8
108.3 6.3 11,973 7,500 122.7 5.6 12, 686 10, 194 71.3
106.5 11.5 8,551 5,391 118.0 5.3 11,174 9, 600 62.1
100.0 10, 218 7,833 99.2 100.0 10, 294 7,554 110.4 100.0 10, 068 8,229 70.6
1. Less than 0.05 percent.
2. Too few cases reported to provide reliable results.
Source: U. S. Department of Commerce, Office of Business Economics.
Table 16.—-Mean and Median Net Income of Lawyers by Major
Source of Income, by Number of Years in Practice, 1954
All lawyers
Years in practice Percent
in each
group
Net income
Mean Median
10-14
15-19.
20-24
11.9 $5, 030
20.7 7, 688
9.4 9,741
11.9 11,676
13.9 12,118
25-29
30-34
35-39
40-44
45 or more
12.6
7.1
4.2
4.3
4.2
Fewer than 5
5-9
All lawyers
Major independent
Percent
in each
group
$4, 856
7,020
8, 706
9,775
9,863
13,181
13, 096
13, 029
12, 309
8,668
9,839
9,200
9,262
9,278
6,417
100.0 10,218
7,833
Net income
Mean Median
9.3 $4,317
18.3 7,652
9.1 9,596
12.4 11,669
14.7 11,944
Major salaried
Percent
in each
group
Net income
Mean Median
$3, 359
6,730
8,194
9,414
9,424
16.9
25.4
9.9
10.8
12.4
$5, 815
7,742
10, 006
11,692
12, 530
$5, 520
7, 193
9, 010
10,167
10, 488
13, 026
12, 785
12, 794
12, 269
8,152
9,380
8,233
8,250
8,536
5,682
10.4
6.1
3.3
3.1
1.7
13, 591
13, 873
13,695
12,435
11,867
10, 375
10,385
10, 875
10, 550
11,500
100.0 10, 294
7,554
100.0 10,068
8,229
13.8
7.6
4.7
4.9
5.4
Source: Department of Commerce, Office of Business Economics.
Table 14.—Percent Distribution by Net Income Levels, and Relative
Dispersion of Major Independent and Major Salaried Lawyers,
by Age Levels in 1954
Table 17.—Average Net Income of Full-time and Part-time
Lawyers, by Major Source of Legal Income, 1954 l
Net income level
'd
Age group
(years)
T3
a
*o
«d
d-2
•IS
££
%>
O
I
<3
T3
d
£
10~
f&
cT
*&
Under 25
25-29
30-34
35-39
40-44
0)
59.6
43.7
30.3
24.1
0)
30.8
37.2
34.8
31.8
0)
7.8
13.0
20.8
18.6
0)
45-49
50-54
55-59
60-64
65 and over. - .
23.9
26.8
29.0
35.7
46.3
29.1
28.3
25.8
25.3
25.5
20.3
18.1
18.6
13.4
11.6
26.7
26.8
26.6
25.6
16.6
Total
32,9
30.3
16.8
20.0 100.0 110.4
Median age...
45.7
44.6
46.2
48.8 46.3
11
isT
t&
"c3
1
All
Full-time
Major salaried lawyers
Major independent lawyers
cT
Extent, of practice
Item
1
S
13
cT
^
"3-2
a>+*
$-<
0 £
ri
2
s
£
71.8
87.0
75.1
80.7
0)
33.8
20.9
9.7
5.1
0)
63.7
68.0
60.5
47.4
0)
2.5
100.0
9.7 ~"l.~4 100.0
8.0 100.0
21.8
28.4 19.2 100.0
31.2
35.7
44.6
55.9
97.4
138.4
126.1
127.5
119.9
5.4
5.0
8.5
7.9
11.5
44.8
37.6
38.3
40.4
42.7
26.7
29.6
26.4
25.1
21.9
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
68.5
75.6
77.8
71.3
62.1
12.2
52.5
20.5
14.8 100.0
70.6
33.7
38.4
46.3
50.1 42.0
cT
*&
All lawyers
*0
03
§°
10"
se-
-2
§
'5.3
££
§^
O
Part-time
Percent in each group
Net income:
Mean
Median
_
. _ . _ _ _
100. 0
92.2
7.8
$10, 218
$7, 833
$10, 636
$8, 167
$5, 287
$2, 915
100.0
91.2
8.8
$10, 294
$7, 554
$10, 950
$8, 079
$3, 456
$2, 047
100.0
94.0
6.0
$10, 068
$8, 229
$10, 034
$8, 268
$10,603
$7, 545
Major independent
1.8 100.0
6.0 100.0
14.0 100.0
25.5 100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
1. Too few cases reported to provide reliable results.
Commerce, Office of Business Economics.
C)
23.1
27.8
26.8
26.6
24.0
Source: U. S. Department of
Percent in each group
Net income:
Mean
Median
__ .
..
-
._
.
.. _
.__
_
Major salaried
Percent in each group
Net income:
Mean
Median
. _ _ ..
_
..
. - _ - - - _ - - - _ _ - - _ . -
1. Includes only net income received from the practice of law. Accordingly, these figures
do not necessarily reflect the relative total earnings of the full-time and part-time groups.
Source: U. S. Department of Commerce, Office of Business Economics.
Wlontkly BUSINESS STATISTICS
X HE STATISTICS here are a continuation of the data published in BUSINESS STATISTICS, the 1955 Statistical Supplement to the SURVEY OF
CURRENT BUSINESS. That volume (price $2.00) contains monthly data for the years 1951 through 1954 and monthly averages for earlier years
back to 1929 insofar as available; it also provides a description of each series and references to sources of monthly figures prior to 1951. Series
added or significantly revised since publication of the 1955 Supplement are indicated by an asterisk (*) and a dagger (f), respectively. Except
as otherwise stated, the terms "unadjusted" and "adjusted" refer to adjustment for seasonal variation.
Statistics originating in Government agencies are not copyrighted and may be reprinted freely. Data from private sources are provided
through the courtesy of the compilers, and are subject to their copyrights.
[Averages for the year 1955 are provided in the July 1956 issue of the SURVEY]
1955
Unless otherwise stated, statistics through 1954 and
descriptive notes are shown in the 1955 edition of
DecemOctober NovemBUSINESS STATISTICS
ber
ber
1956
January
February
March
April
May-
June
July
August | Seg£m- October November
GENERAL BUSINESS INDICATORS
NATIONAL INCOME AND PRODUCT
Seasonally adjusted quarterly totals at annual rates :f
National income, total
bil. ofdol -
334.4
334.9
338.7
do
.-do. __
do
_ -do
do
- do
230 3
217.0
180 5
9.7
26 8
13 3
233 0
219.4
182 5
9 6
27 3
13 6
237 2
223. 5
186 2
9.5
27 8
13.8
240 4
226. 2
188 3
9.5
28 5
14.2
Proprietors' and rental income, totalcf
- do_ _
Business and professional^
do
Farm
_
_ do
Rental income of persons
do
Corporate profits and inventory valuation adjustment, total
_
_
__ _bil. ofdol _
Corporate profits before tax, total
do
Corporate profits tax liability
do. __
Corporate profits after tax
__
do
Inventory valuation adjustment
__ - -do. ..
Net interest
do
49.3
28 0
11.4
98
49
28
11
9
5
2
5
8
49.9
28 9
11 3
9 7
50
29
11
9
43.4
46.4
23.4
23.0
-3.0
11 3
40.9
43 7
22.1
21 6
-2.8
11 5
39.8
42.9
21.7
21.3
-3.1
11.7
-.8
12 0
401.9
403 4
408 3
413 8
259. 5
35.4
129 2
94.9
261 7
34.8
130 5
96.4
263 7
33.4
132 3
98.0
266 8
33 0
134 0
99 7
65.1
33 0
25.9
61
63 1
32 6
26. 4
4 1
64.7
33 6
27.5
35
65
33
29
2
Compensation of employees, total
__
Wages and salaries, total
Private
Military
__
Government civilian
Supplements to wages and salaries
Gross national product, total
-
__
do
Persona] consumption expenditures, total
do
Durable goods
_
.. -do . _ Nondurable goods
do
Services
_ _ __ - do
Gross private domestic investment, total
New construction
Producers' durable equipment
Change in business inventories
- do
do
_ do. _ _
do
Net foreign investment
do Government purchases of goods and services, total
bil. of dol
Federal (less Government sales)
do
National security 9
- -do
State and local
___
do.
Personal income, total
do
Less: Personal tax and nontax payments _ _do
Equals: Disposable personal income _
do
Personal saving
do
7
5
6
7
1
6
5
0
1
1 2
5
4
5
1
78.7
46 1
40. 7
32 6
80
47
41
33
314 6
36.3
278.4
317 5
37.3
280 2
322 9
38.1
284.9
327 o
38 8
288 2
18 8
18 6
21 2
21 4
78.1
47 2
40.6
30.9
78
46
40
32
17
2
2
9
0
PERSONAL INCOME, BY SOURCE
Seasonally adjusted, at annual rates:!
Total personal income
311. 6
314 5
317.5
316 7
317 1
318 6
321 7
322 8
324 9
324 3
328 1
r 329 5
332.6
_ __do_ do
do
do
__do--
215.3
93.3
56.7
28 9
36.4
217.2
94 2
57.3
29 3
36 4
218.2
94.5
57.6
29 4
36.7
219.0
94 8
57.9
29 5
36.8
218.9
94 7
57.9
29 5
36 8
220.3
95 1
58.4
29 6
37.2
222.9
96 8
59. 1
29 8
37 2
223 2
96 8
59.1
30 0
37 3
225. 2
97 5
59.9
30 2
37.6
224.0
95 9
59.9
30 4
37 8
227.1
98 3
60.3
30 6
37.9
r
60. 5
30 8
38 1
230.2
100 3
60.6
31 0
38.3
Other labor income ,
.
- _ _ .. _do _...
Proprietors' and rental income
do
Personal interest income and dividends
do- ..
Transfer payments
do
Less personal contributions for social insurance
bil. of dol- -
7.2
49.1
27.9
17 4
7.2
49.6
28.1
17 7
7.3
49.2
30.2
18 0
7.3
49.4
28.5
18 2
7.2
49.7
28.7
18 3
7.2
49.5
28.8
18 5
7.2
49.7
29.1
18 6
7 2
50.1
29.4
18 7
7.3
50.0
29.6
18 6
7.3
50.5
29.7
18 6
7.3
51.0
29.8
18 8
7 3
50. 9
30.0
18 7
7.4
51.9
30.2
18 ()
Wage and salary disbursements, total
Commodity-producing industries
Distributive industries
. --- Service industries
Government
_
__-
Total nonagrieultural income
- bil. of dol
do
5.3
5.3
5.4
5.7
5.7
5.7
5.8
5.8
5.8
5.8
296.9
299.4
302.8
301.6
301.5
304.0
306.8
307.6
310.3
309.4
5.9
312.8
228 5
r 99 I
T
r
5.9
6.0
' 314. 4
316.8
'Revised.
tRevised series. Estimates of national income and product and personal income have been revised back to 1952 (see pp. 7 ff. of the July 1956 SURVEY); for data prior to 1952, see the 1954
NATIONAL INCOME SUPPLEMENT or the 1955 edition of BUSINESS STATISTICS.
cf Includes inventory valuation adjustment.
9 Government sales are not deducted.
§Personal saving is excess of disposable income over personal consumption expenditures shown as a component of gross national product above.
S-l
SUEVEY OF CUERENT BUSINESS
S-2
Unless otherwise stated, statistics through 1954 and
descriptive notes are shown in the 1955 edition of
BUSINESS STATISTICS
December 1956
1955
1956
DecemOctober November
ber
January
February
March
April
May
June
Septem- October November
ber
August
July
GENERAL BUSINESS INDICATORS—Continued
NEW PLANT AND EQUIPMENT
EXPENDITURES
Unadjusted quarterly totals:^
All industries
mil. of dol
8,398
7,462
8,880
r
i 8, 901
r
Manufacturing
Durable-goods industries
Nondurable-goods industries
do
do
do
3,499
1,718
1,781
2,958
1,462
1,496
3,734
1,862
1,872
3, 834
'r 1, 960
1, 874
Mining
Railroads
Transportation, other than rail
Public utilities
Commercial and other
do
do
do
do
do
288
312
421
1,238
2,640
262
297
396
936
2 613
319
325
423
1,199
2,880
'314
'277
r
443
r
1, 308
' 2, 725
' i 35. 87
Seasonally adjusted quarterly totals at annual ratesrd"
All industries
bil. of dol
31. 45
32.82
34.49
Manufacturing
Durable-goods industries
Nondurable~goods industries
do
do
do
12 48
6. 00
6 48
13 45
6. 57
6 88
14 65
7.38
7 27
Mining
Railroads
Transportation other than rail
Public utilities
Commercial and other
do
do
do
do
do
1.08
1 17
1.70
4 48
10.54
1.13
1. 25
1.65
4 56
10. 78
1.28
1.22
1.63
4 61
11. 10
r
r
15 78
8.20
7 58
1.26
1.20
1.79
5 08
10. 76
FARM INCOME AND MARKETINGS %
Cash receipts from farming, including Government
payments, total
mil of dol
Farm marketings and CCC loans, total
do
Crops
do
Livestock and products total 9
do
Dairv products
do
Meat animals
do
Poultry and eggs
do
Indexes of cash receipts from marketings and CCC
loans, unadjusted:
All commodities
1947-49=100Crops
do
Livestock and products
- .do
Indexes of volume of farm marketings, unadjusted:
All commodities
1947-49=100 Crops
.._
.. do. . _
Livestock and products
do
INDUSTRIAL
3, 448
3,248
2,772
2, 530
1,972
1,837
1,883
2,038
2, 091
2,336
2,715
3, 148
* 3, 927
3, 433
1, 913
1, 520
339
836
325
3, 227
1,821
1, 406
322
744
323
2, 743
1, 485
1, 258
350
584
3'i7
2,491
1.212
1,279
364
630
265
1,945
765
1, 180
346
580
234
1,816
564
1,252
376
591
267
1, 866
578
1,288
381
622
258
2, 022
627
1 , 395
420
676
268
2,077
779
1,298
411
617
241
2, 298
1,008
1,290
388
632
249
2,672
1,247
1,425
372
785
253
3,111
1, 726
1,385
355
746
268
p 2 !'•']
P 1. 624
P 3G3
v 945
*>296
141
178
112
132
169
103
113
138
92
102
113
94
80
71
87
74
52
92
77
54
95
83
58
102
94
94
95
110
116
105
128
160
102
T> 154
» 198
P 119
164
195
141
157
182
139
132
141
125
122
117
126
97
72
116
89
46
122
88
44
122
93
45
129
96
64
121
112
101
120
124
117
129
144
168
126
» 177
P208
P 153
128
142
146
150
v 149
129
139
62
147
162
145
158
168
152
v 150
" 168
p 149
1
85 i
72 \
95
_
PRODUCTION
Federal Reserve Index of Physical Volume
Unadjusted, combined index
Manufactures
Durable manufactures
Primar v metals 9 -Stool
Primar v nonforrous metals
1947-49=100
--
--
do
do
do . . _
do
do
147
145
142
143
144
143
144
141
141
150
164
149
154
171
148
163
149
156
173
143
161
147
1 54
175
144
160
151
159
173
146
161
152
1 59
177
145
161
152
160
182
146
162
152
159
185
142
157
144
154
181
142 i
156 1
140 i
146 ;
179
172
143
155
118
119
143
24
' 167
149
162
Metal fabricating (incl. ordnance)
Fabricated metal products
.
Machinery
Nonelectrical machinery
Electrical machinery
do
_do ...
do
do
do
173
145
169
141
223
174
139
164
141
208
173
137
164
147
197
172
135
167
149
201
172
134
168
152
200
171
134
168
154
196
174
136
172
154
206
167
130
167
151
198
166 !
132 i
165
150
195 i
160
124
157
146
178
168
135
167
146
209
172
143
••176
' 153
-221
r
Transportation equipment 9
Autos
__
.
Trucks
A ircraft and parts
Instruments and related products
Furniture and fixtures _..
__ _
Lumber and products
Stone, clav, and glass products
Miscellaneous manufactures
do
.do. ..
do
do
do
do .
do
do
do .
200
153
106
490
158
128
138
161
154
216
212
122
500
159
128
124
157
152
214
193
122
51 6
206
173
113
517
160
122
116
150
141
205
164
125
521
161
123
121
150
145
202
163
130
513
161
122
119
153
142
201
162
133
516
164 i
119 !
126
158
141
190
127
117
522
164
116
125
162
140
189
127
123
536
164
118
129
1 63
141
187
127
99
543
162
115
182
59
98
'579
' 172
125
199
105
103
593
r
174
' 127
' 130
' 1 65
155
v 217
do
do
do
do
do .
do
do
do
do
do
do
135
124
125
143
100
118
117
114
112
117
85
132
114
118
150
99
102
105
107
111
118
83
125
105
109
128
102
106
153
95
88
84
107
111
119
83
131
102
104
140
95
97
94
105
115
123
84
130
104
102
136
94
108
105
105
110
115
85
129
106 i
103
131
95
117
111
103
108
112
89
127
107
105
121
97
119
108
110
106
109
90
127
114
110
122
99
128
119
115
100
99
90
;
v 133
Nondurable manufactures
Food and beverage manufactures
Food manufactures 9 __
Meat products
Bakery products.. _ _ _ _ _ _
Beverages
Alcoholic beverages .
Tobacco manufactures
Textile-mill products 9
Cotton and synthetic fabrics
Wool textiles
161
128
113
153
149
99
91
88
88
105
110
80
I
i
1
i
!
116
!
156
135
188
109
101
563
168
123
135
164
145
119
113
111
118
99
123
107
96
86
87
76
131
122
122
116
98
118
101
115
103
104
92
;
!
I
1
!
i
1
:
i
r 132
r 157
'150
133
!
!
i
i
j
r 130
r 134 !
129 i
"•99
116
106
111
103
101
87 !
179
' 145
181
r
153
r
"182
v 141
P 178
v 153
p 228
238
136
126
127
142
99
109
113
94
? 175
y 120
p 120
v 163
P 1 50
1
114
124
109
95
116
108
120
117
117
107
117
' 108
118
Apparel and allied products
do
100
106
120
90
99
109
102
99
108
112
109
104
Leather and products
_ . . do _
163
144
163
165 !
162
160
157
146
163
167
159
160 •
169
Paper and allied products
do _ _ _
163
161 I
163 :
162
143
156
144
158
160
161
158
152
Pulp and paper
do
134
130
133
132
126
128
125
130 !
135
135
129
134
139
Printing and publishing__ do ..
'r 166
173
179
176
179
178
177
177
176
171
179
' 177
181
Chemicals and allied products
do
192
182
200
197
201
201
197
197
199
192
"188
'192
197
Industrial chemicals
- . ..do
142
135
137
141
132
142
143
140
143
138
142
140 !
Petroleum and coal products
do
'145
» 142
149
142
144
151
152
154
148
148
143
148
151
151
Petroleum refining
do _ _ .
146
' 105
123
140
129
146
140
149
155
150
138
127
135
141
Rubber products_. . .- .do__.
!
' Revised.
*> Preliminary.
Estimates for the 4th quarter of 1956 and the 1st quarter of 1957, based on anticipated capital expenditures of business, appear on p. 3 of this issue of the
SURVEY.
cf Historical data (annual totals, 1939 and 1945-55; quarterly, unadj. and seasonally adj. at animal rates, 1947-55) appear on pp. G and 7 of the June 1956 SURVEY.
9 Includes data not shown separately.
^Revised series. Annual estimates beginning 1910 and monthly data for the period January 1952-D ecember 1955 for cash receipts have been revised to take into account recent information
on production, disposition, and price; unpublished data (prior to June 1955) will be shown later. Indexes of cash receipts and volume of marketings (annuals, 1910-55; monthly, beginning
January 1947) have been revised to reflect adoption of the 1947-49=100 base period; for the volume index, also wider coverage and use of new price weights. Unpublished indexes (prior to
May 1955) will be shown later.
SUEVEY OF CURRENT BUSINESS
December 1956
S-3
1955
Unless otherwise stated, statistics through 1954 and
descriptive notes are shown in the 1955 edition of
BUSINESS STATISTICS
1956
DecemOctober November
ber
January
February
March
April
May
June
July
August
Septem- October November
ber
GENERAL BUSINESS INDICATORS—Continued
INDUSTRIAL PRODUCTION— Continued
Federal Reserve Index of Physical Volume— Con.
Unadjusted index— Continued
Minerals
Coal ._ -_
Crude oil and natural gas
Metal mining _ __.
Stone and earth minerals..
_
1947-49=100.do
do
do
do .
__
.
Minerals
Coal
_
_ .
Crude oil and natural gas
Metal mining _ _
Stone and earth minerals
_
.
129
91
127
88
151
91
126
127
86
151
91
128
130
86
143
143
144
143
143
141
143
do
do
do
145
161
148
145
161
149
146
161
150
145
144
142
160
148
158
148
156
145
144
__do
do
do
do
do
173
142
164
143
205
172
139
162
143
198
172
138
163
144
199
170
136
164
146
197
168
134
162
147
192
166
132
162
147
191
153
87
124
151
119
138
159
146
171
135
171
151
208
130
85
149
139
142
131
84
149
72
147
141
141
136
143
143
137
••148
157
141
157
138
167
130
168
149
206
168
132
168
149
205
'132
91
'147
••140
'133
93
'148
151
140
151
P131
p90
p 151
142
145
'146
P147
144
147
p 148
p 166
P 149
p
P
p
p
p
180
141
176
154
218
p
P
p
p
P
p
213
174
119
120
161
143
130
87
119
62
148
142
149
150
120
149
68
158
124
164
148
147
' 164
'147
169
129
172
152
210
172
134
174
155
211
176
142
176
'177
' 142
' 177
208
156
124
130
153
145
212
158
123
124
156
145
212
159
123
126
154
146
205
160
122
128
154
144
202
161
120
124
155
143
197
160
120
121
156
141
193
163
121
122
158
142
186
164
121
121
162
145
190
164
123
123
161
145
' 191
145
195
171
124
129
160
148
129
111
105
109
116
105
130
112
104
110
117
101
130
113
107
109
130
112
107
109
114
112
128
111
107
106
108
105
129
114
107
106
108
129
111
109
108
113
108
106
128
111
110
103
111
104
128
111
108
101
112
102
127
110
105
100
112
104
129
112
102
102
112
102
156
131
171
137
147
157
130
173
139
147
159
128
175
141
144
159
130
173
142
147
157
130
174
143
140
157
129
174
144
135
160
131
178
139
137
160
132
179
140
131
161
132
178
142
122
162
133
163
134
176
139
132
123
80
143
120
131
125
80
147
114
134
129
87
151
112
135
131
87
153
121
137
131
88
151
121
138
130
86
151
120
139
130
86
139
129
89
149
118
138
130
90
148
117
143
146
159
148
144
143
143
141
124
124
do
do
do
do
do ...
do
.. do ...
157
153
162
127
145
315
120
177
212
150
124
131
279
117
165
193
142
125
130
224
111
159
173
150
120
148
239
109
157
164
153
123
156
233
110
157
163
155
121
168
218
108
154
162
150
117
162
209
109
131
127
136
113
143
184
109
do
152
151
149
143
137
133
132
do
do
do
do
do
..do
do
168
194
<• 147
121
'139
'249
114
167
196
143
121
134
235
114
163
187
144
121
143
216
114
156
171
146
120
150
207
113
148
158
141
119
146
194
111
143
148
141
117
150
186
109
52.5
53.2
53.2
52.9
52.9
26.6
13.3
13.4
27.3
13.7
13.6
27.3
13.7
13.6
27.0
13.6
13.4
27.2
13.6
13.6
10.1
10.1
10.1
10.2
10.4
._ do .
do
do . _
do
..do
do
Paper and allied products
Printing and publishing . . .
Chemicals and allied products
Petroleum and coal products .
Rubber products
151
83
129
do
Transportation equipment
do
Instruments and related products _ _ _ -do .
Furniture and fixtures..- do
Lumber and products.
._ _ _.
do _.
Stone, clav, and glass products
do
Miscellaneous manufactures. _ _
__ __do
Nondurable manufactures . _ _ . ..
Food and beverage manufactures
Tobacco manufactures
Textile-mill products
Apparel and allied products-- _ .
Leather and products
127
91
147
105
135
_
Metal fabricating (incl. ordnance)
Fabricated metal products
Machinery
. .Nonelectrical machinery
Electrical machinery
127
87
143
136
139
Seasonally adjusted, combined index
Manufactures
Durable manufactures
Primary metals.
127
88
do
. do . .
do
..do .
do
do
. do. _ .
do
__
do ..
do
-_
nr>
ir.9
151
118
r
r
r
167
124
125
159
178
132
119
122
77
149
60
142
T
128
87
150
100
r
156
158
212
'218
198
r
'172
124
126
154
146
201
'173
r
122
' 122
' 157
146
129
130
113
' 114
r
103
104
106
117
113
101
158
135
178
' 159
r
133
177
143
133
' 139
128
87
r 129
r 147
v 140
133
T 148
85
P 130
P 83
p 151
r 129
v 149
' 133
105
159
122
p 154
p 164
119
142
139
p 131
CONSUMER DURABLES OUTPUT
Unadjusted, total output
1947-49=100
Major consumer durables .
Autos
..
Major household goods
Furniture and floor coverings...
Appliances and heaters . _ ...
Radio and television sets Other consumer durables
Seasonally adjusted, total output
Major consumer durables
Autos
.
Major household goods
Furniture and floor coverings...
_
Appliances and heaters
Radio and television sets..
. .. _
Other consumer durables
116
120
r
130
127
134
112
143
174
109
121
127
117
105
125
130
106
123
109
r HI
124
124
129
142
142
144
116
149
207
110
130
119
142
117
141
218
110
130
120
141
115
138
220
110
137
122
153
118
161
233
110
53.1
53.2
54.4
54.3
52.7
27.1
13.3
13.8
27.2
13.5
13.7
27.8
13.8
14.0
*7
13.9
13.8
26 2
12.6
13 5
10 3
10 4
10. 7
10.6
10 5
r
r
113
238
115
59
r 159
' 124
157
265
r
118
127
136
117
r 121
312
122
P H(3
r 129
r 120
P 134
134
125
r 135
r 13()
119
T 117
P 143
P 148
143
r 151
231
r 115
245
115
P 113
54.5
'53. 9
54.9
97 (,
13 7
14 0
r 27 6
28 2
14*2
14 0
10 6
36
7 0
10 3
6 9
6 8
10 6
3 (}
7 0
r
r
121
135
232
113
r
143
116
123
159
BUSINESS SALES AND INVENTORIES §
Manufacturing and trade sales (seas, adj.), total
bil. ofdoL.
Manufacturing, total
Durable-goods industries _ .
Nondurable-goods industries
_
Wholesale trade, total
Durable-goods establishments
Nondurable-goods establishments
Re tail trade , total Durable-goods stores
Nondurable-eoods stores
do
_, .do.
do
do
. ... do ...
_..
do
_
_
. do. . .
do
do
Manufacturing and trade inventories, book value, end
of month (seas, adj.), total
bil. of dol
Manufacturing, total
. __
Duruble-goods industries ..- Nondurable-eoods industries _ _ __ .
Wholesale trade, total
Durable-goods establishments
Nondurable-goods establishments.
-
__do...do
..do . .
do
do
do
3.4
6.7
3.4
6.6
3.4
6.7
3.5
6.7
3.5
6.8
3.6
6.8
3.7
7.0
3.7
6.9
3.6
35
15. 8
5.8
10.0
15.8
5.7
10.1
15.8
5.7
10.1
15.7
5.5
10.2
15.3
5.4
10.0
15.7
5.4
10.3
15.5
5.3
10.2
15.9
5.4
10. 5
16.0
5.5
10 5
16.0
5.5
10 5
16.3
5.5
10 7
16.0
5.3
10 7
16. 1
5.5
10 G
80.9
81.6
82.1
82.8
83.6
83.8
84 5
85 1
85 6
85 8
86 1
r 80 5
87 1
45.4
25.7
19.7
45.7
26.1
19.6
45.9
26.3
19.6
46.3
26.6
19.7
46.9
27.0
19.9
47.4
27.4
20. 0
48.0
27 7
20.2
48.6
28.1
20.4
49.1
28 2
20.9
49 2
28 2
21 1
49 5
28 2
21 4
50 1
28 7
21 4
50 7
29 3
21 4
12.2
12.3
12.3
12 4
12 5
12 6
6 5
12 6
6 5
12 7
6 5
12 8
6 6
6 2
12 8
6 6
6 2
r 13 0
6.1
12 7
6 6
61
13 i
0 8
6 3
23.9
11 0
12.9
23 8
10 8
13.1
23 8
10 7
13! 2
23 7
10 5
13.3
6.2
6.0
6.3
6.0
6.4
5.9
6.4
6.0
23.3
23.9
24.1
23.6
Retail trade, total.
do ...
11.2
11.0
10.7
11 4
Durable-goods stores
do
12.7
12.6
12.6
Nondurable-eoods stores -.
.
do
12.7
r
Revised.
p Preliminary.
§The term "business" here includes only manufacturing and trade. Business inventories as
data foi manufacturing are shown on p. S-4; those for retail and wholesale trade on pp. S-9, S-lo,
3.5
6.9
13 7
r 13 9
6.4
6.0
24.2
11. 5
12.7
6.1
23.8
11 2
12.6
6.1
23.9
11 1
12.8
r ft 3
23 4
r 1() 2
13.2
23 3
10 0
13.3 i
shown on p. S-l cover data for all types of producers, both farm and nonfarm
and S-ll.
Unadjusted
SUEVEY OF CURRENT BUSINESS
S-4
Unless otherwise stated, statistics through 1954 and
descriptive notes are shown in the 1955 edition of
BUSINESS STATISTICS
Deeombor 1956
1955
1956
DecemOctober November
ber
January
February
March
April
May
June
1
July
August
Se
borm"j October
November
GENERAL BUSINESS INDICATORS—Continued
!
MANUFACTURERS' SALES, INVENTORIES.
AND ORDERS
Sales, value (unadjusted), total
mil. of dol
Durable- goods industries, total
_ _ __ do
Primary metal
do
Fabricated metal
_
do
Machinery (including electrical)
_._.do .
Transportation equipment (including motor
vehicles)
__ _ __mil. ofdol
Lumber and furniture
do
Stone, clay, and glass
_
do
Other durable-goods industries
-_do _ _
27, 830
13 656
2 369
1 548
3, 577
27, 292
13, 723
2 390
1,381
3.473
26, 967
13,716
2 433
1,306
3,777
26, 363
13, 112
2 428
1,343
3,503
26, 536
13, 301
2 393
1,342
3,652
28,505
14 290
2 607
1 427
3,949
27, 370
13 944
2 493
1,434
3,876
27, 830
14 069
2 502
1 441
3,957
27, 727
14 235
2 571
1,484
4, 057
24,122
11,304
1 063
1 271
3,487
3,087
1 188
738
1,149
3,633
1 133
668
1,045
3,529
1,045
613
1,013
3,166
1 050
560
1,062
3,169
1 101
602
1,042
3,313
1 190
696
1,108
3.257
1 138
698
1,048
3,181
1 185
738
1,065
3,119
1,167
735
1.102
2,838
1 014
661
970
Nondurable-goods industries, total
do
Food and beverage
do
Tobacco
do
Textile
do
Paper
_
do _
Chemical
do
Petroleum and coal
_ __ _ _ _ _ do Rubber
do
Other nondurable-goods industries
do
14,174
4,352
320
1, 246
921
2, 040
2, 362
483
2,450
13, 569
4,084
334
1,221
886
1,919
2, 454
443
2,228
13,251
4,016
327
1, 115
838
1,801
2,695
447
2,012
13, 251
3,962
306
1,078
883
1,977
2,549
425
2,071
13, 235
3,977
304
1,090
877
1,887
2,440
423
2,237
14,215
4,229
313
1,168
938
2,059
2,618
460
2,430
13, 426
4,040
320
1,056
902
2,052
2,424
458
2,174
13, 761
4,322
367
1,046
912
2,107
2, 501
459
2,047
13, 492
4,299
337
1,056
889
1,991
2,501
473
1,946
12,818
4,077
355
920
794
1,847
2,424
441
1,960
14, 433 ' 14, 362
4, 353
' 4 536
376
••329
1, 176
' 1 212
907
'872
2,074 r 2 079
2,572 r 2, 470
449
425
2,526 r 2, 439
15, 183
4 652
374
1 343
959
2, 169
2,611
Sales value (seas. adj.), total
__ _ do
Durable-goods industries, total.
do __
Primary metal
_
do _
Fabricated metal _ _ _ _ ._
__ __do
Machinery (including electrical)
do
Transportation equipment (including motor
vehicles)
mil. of dol__
Lumber and furniture
_
_
do _
Stono clav and glass
do
Other durable-goods industries
do
26, 637
13, 261
2, 324
1,382
3,472
27, 343
13,721
2, 393
1,395
3,553
27. 289
13, 688
2. 341
1, 375
3,648
27, 023
13, 595
2,369
1,399
3,691
27, 224
13, 593
2.457
1, 413
3,647
27, 095
13, 294
2,444
1,385
3,630
27, 231
13, 519
2,442
1,434
3,740
27, 814
13, 754
2,472
1,486
3,935
27, 651
13, 850
2,533
1,484
3,923
26, 158
12,627
1,224
1,382
4,032
27, 632
13, 665
1,982
1,446
4,022
r
27, 624
' r13, 692
2 392
'r 1, 427
3 945
28, 235
14. 193
2,538
1, 460
4,120
3,252
1.131
665
1,035
3,576
1,144
655
1.005
3,460
1,124
674
1,066
3,194
1,141
659
1,142
3,137
1,147
684
1,108
3, 021
1,102
676
1,036
3,001
1,105
705
1,092
2,972
1,129
716
1,044
2,971
1,155
693
1,091
3,058
1,152
689
1,090
3,165
1,212
723
1,115
' 3, 035
' 1, 186
' 668
r
1, 039
3.190
1,084
729
1.072
13. 376
4,104
327
1,112
877
1,939
2,339
447
2,231
13, 622
4,047
327
1,197
886
2,014
2,479
482
2,190
13, 601
4,095
337
1,126
873
1,959
2, 495
465
2,251
13, 428
4,066
329
1,100
866
1. 931
2,475
415
2,246
13, 631
4,180
338
1,124
904
1,940
2,515
445
2,185
13, 801
4,284
323
1,123
893
1,939
2,567
451
2,221
13,712
4,245
348
1,123
884
1,970
2,499
445
2,198
14, 060
4,312
346
1,125
931
2, 097
2,633
464
2,152
13, 801
4,295
324
1, 089
889
2,028
2,552
450
2,174
13, 531
4. 161
338
1,082
854
1,979
2.448
459
2,210
13, 967
4,251
345
1,109
898
2,094
2,572
436
2,262
14, 042
r r13, 932
4. 305
4 378
350
"323
r
1, 138
1,r 122
913
863
' 2. 031 2. 059
r
2,585
2, 520
429
2,263
' 2, 266
44, 959
25, 377
3,512
2,617
8,093
45, 317
25, 670
3,600
2 649
8,232
46,123
26, 235
3,603
2,658
8,412
46, 704
26, 726
3,576
2,718
8,700
47, 227
27, 149
3, 564
2,803
8,960
47, 674
27, 592
3,524
2, 935
9 222
48, 170
27, 955
3,536
2, 962
9,458
48, 834
28, 446
3,658
3,037
9,655
49, 284
28,521
3, 638
3,052
9,771
49, 180
28, 220
3, 704
2,943
9, 652
49, 130
28, 006
3, 835
2,864
9,580
r 49, 662
' 28. 423
'r 3, 975
2 871
r
9, 677
6, 346
1, 806
900
2, 103
_, 1
/. 1
10.5
7.8
6,388
1,806
901
2,094
6,624
1,855
'956
2,127
6,749
1, 871
985
2,127
6, 860
1,783
1,015
2, 164
6,875
1, 792
1. 040
2, 204
6,877
1,830
1,053
2,239
6,889
1,868
1,057
2,282
6, 795
1,870
1,072
2,323
6,690
1,877
1, 067
2,287
6,600
1,841
1,028
2, 258
7.1
10.6
8.0
7. 1
10.8
8.3
7.2
11.0
8.5
7.3
11.2
8.7
7.4
11.4
8.8
7.4
11.6
9.0
7.6
11.7
9.2
7.9
11.6
9.0
8.0
11.5
8.7
7.8
11.6
8.6
19, 582
4, 656
1,777
2.349
1,028
3,101
2, 880
848
2,943
19, 647
4, 661
1, 797
2, 377
1,031
3, 142
2.823
888
2,928
19, 888
4,584
1, 867
2.422
1', 063
3, 280
2, 758
943
2. 971
19, 978
4, 502
1,938
2,460
1.080
3. 300
2, 699
963
3, 036
20, 078
4,434
1,924
2,477
1, 115
3,377
2,737
999
3; 015
20, 082
4, 323
1,926
2,506
1, 139
3,406
2,729
1, 018
3,035
20, 215
4,303
1,884
2, 542
1,145
3. 434
2,789
1,019
3,099
20, 388
4, 238
1,829
2,602
1,144
3,477
2, 856
1,024
3, 218
20, 763
4,337
1,785
2,618
1,181
3,545
2,924
1,004
3,369
20, 960
4, 492
1,749
2, 612
1,213
3,557
3,041
957
3,339
21, 124
4,694
1, 763
2, 606
1,217
3, 546
3. 096
947
3, 255
7.9
3.0
8.7
8.2
2.9
8.5
8.4
2.9
8.6
8.4
3.0
8.6
8.4
3.0
8.7
8.4
3.0
8.7
8.3
3.0
8.9
8.2
3.1
9.1
8. 2
3.1
9.4
8.3
3.1
9.5
8.3
3.1
9.7
45, 669
26, 050
3,491
2,759
8,397
45, 923
26, 31 7
3,494
2,740
8,494
46, 299
26, 590
3,519
2.718
8,678
46, 897
27, 009
3, 570
2,803
8,939
47, 433
27, 432
3, 677
2,877
9,094
47^ 958
27, 723
3,688
2, 933
9,292
48, 566
28,123
3,770
2,920
9,523
49, 080
28, 174
3, 718
2,907
9, 563
6,475
1,843
948
2,137
6, 603
1,837
956
2,193
6.711
1,871
966
2,127
6,816
1,783
976
2,122
6,800
1.792
1, 010
2,182
6,781
1,812
1.022
2,195
6, 830
1, 850
1,036
2,194
6,755
1, 870
1,061
2,300
6,730 !
1,858
1,067
2,287
6, 639
1,823
1, 049
2.281
' 6, 946
' 1, 804
1,019
' 2, 273
7,151
1, 820
1,030
2,229
6.9
10.8
8.3
7.0
10.9
8.4
7.1
10.9
8.5
7.3
11.1
8.6
7.5
11.2
8.7
7.7
11.4
8.7
7.8
11.6
8.7
8.0
11.5
8.6
7.9
11.6
8.6
7.8
11.6
8.7
7.9
'11.9
8.9
8.0
12.2
9.1
19, 606
19, 619
Nondurable-goods industries, total
mil. of dol... 19, 697
4,382
! 4, 497
4,450
Food and beverage
do
1,795
1, 759
1 779
Tobacco
do
2,397
2,426
2,471
Textile
do
1, 052
1,041
1,049
Paper
-do
3 157 ! 3, 199
3,190
Chemical
do
2, 824
2,768 ! 2, 731
Petroleum and coal
do
902
935
934
Rubber
do
3,042
3, 063
3,079
Other nondurable-goods industries
do
By stages of fabrication:
8.2
8.0 1
8.1
Purchased materials
bil. ofdol _
2.9
3 1
3.0 I1
Goods in process
do
8.5
8.4
8.7
Finished goods
do
19, 709
4,372
1,828
2,485
1,069
3,248
2.754
935
3, 018
19,888
4, 361
1,832
2,477
1,083
3, 339
2 793
970
3, 033
20, 001
4,391
1,870
2,457
1,117
3, 361
2,785
979
3, 041
20, 235
4,448
1,865
2,492
1,134
3,407
2,817
970
3,102
20, 443
4,467
1,866
2,526
1,144
3, 479
2,828
985
3, 148
20,906
4,587
1,879
2, 618
1,181
3, 512
2, 953
975
3,201
21,059
4,634
1, 861
2, 586
1,225
3, 540
3, 041
987
3, 185
21, 357
4, 698
1,876
2, 632
1, 255
3,618
3,065
1,007
3,206
8.2
2.9
8.6
8.2
3.0
8.7
8.2
2.9
8.9
8.2
3.0
9.0
8.3
3.0
9.1
8.4
3.1
9.3
8.5
3.1
9.5
8.6
3.1
9.6
Nondurable-goods industries, total
Food and beverage
Tobacco
Textile
—
Paper
Chemical
_ _. __
Petroleum and coal
Rubber
Other nondurable-goods industries
_ _ -_do
do
- do _
do _ _
do
__do _
do
do___
do
Inventories, end of month:
Book value (unadjusted), total
do__ .
Durable-goods industries total
do
Primary metal
do
Fabricated metal
do
Machinery (including electrical)
do
Transportation equipment (including motor
vehicles)
mil. of dol
Lumber and furniture
do
Stone clay and glass
do
Other durable-goods industries
- do
By stages of fabrication:
Purchased materials
bil ofdol
Goods in process
do
Finished goods
do
Nondurable-goods industries total
mil of dol
Food and beverage
do
Tobacco
do
Textile
do
Paper
do
Chemical
do
Petroleum and coa^
do
Rubber
do
Other nondurable-goods industries
do
By stages of fabrication:
Purchased materials
bil. of dol- _
Goods in process
- _.do_
Finished goods
do
Inventories, end of month:
45,356
Book value (seas adj ), total
mil. ofdol
25, 659
Durable-goods industries total
do
3, 426
Primary metal
do _
2, 726
Fabricated metal
do
8, 240
Machinery (including electrical)
do
Transportation equipment (including motor
6, 331
vehicles)
_ _. .. .
mil. o f d o l - .
1, 843
Lumber and furniture
do
947
Stone, clav, and glass
_ - -do
2.146
Other durable-goods industries
do
By stages of fabrication:
7.0
Purchased materials
bil. ofdol
!
10.5
Goods in process
- do
!
8.2
Finished goods
do
1
Revised.
27, 861 'r 27, 713
13, 428
13 351
1 927 '• 2 321
1,547
'r 1 513
3,845
3 997
r
r
2, 875
1,261
802
1,171
49, 535
49, 238
28, 178
28, 179
3,809
3, 698
2, 893
2,885
9,654 1 9, 684
r
2, 481
1r 210
728
1, 101
' 6, 898
r 1, 786
988
' 2, 228
7
79
11.9
'8.6
r
30, 119
14 936
2 612
1 665
4 295 j
3, 053
1 203
875
1,233
2,612
50, 326
29, 000
4, 154
2.884
9,842
7,173
1,784
979
2,184
81
12.2
8.7
21, 239
21, 326
' 4, 821
4. 851
1, 839
' 1, 801
2, 565
r 2, 573
1,206
'1,215
' 3, 571 3. 630
' 3, 164
3, 240
957
r 3, 137
3, 048
8.4
3.1
'9.8
;
""
8.5
3.1
9.7
50, 737
' 50, 106
' 28, 708 29, 314
4, 059
r 3, 892
3,004
' 2, 960
10, 021
' 9, 814
i
i
i
' 21, 398 21, 423
' 4, 713 4,651
' 1, 838 1,821
' 2, 599 2,617
1,231
' 1, 227
3,714
3,734
3, 176
' 3, 133
1,007
3,186
' 3, 167
8.5
3.1
'9.8
8.5
3.1
9.8
.
SUEVEY OF CUREENT BUSINESS
December 1956
Unless otherwise stated, statistics through 1954 and
descriptive notes are shown in the 1955 edition of
BUSINESS STATISTICS
S-5
1956
1955
DecemOctober November
ber
January
February
March
April
May
June
July
August
Septem- October November
ber
GENERAL BUSINESS INDICATORS—Continued
MANUFACTURERS' SALES, INVENTORIES,
AND ORDERS— Continued
New orders, net (unadjusted), total
mil. of dol
Durable-goods industries, total. ., _.
do
Primary metal
do
Fabricated metal
.
_ __ _
do
Machinery (including electrical)
do
Transportation equipment (including motor vehicles)
mil. of dol
Other durable-goods industries
do
Nondurable-goods industries, total
Industries with unfilled orders 9
Industries without unfilled orders!
do
do
do
28, 213
14, 061
2 302
1, 540
3 882
27 726
14, 026
2 613
1,412
3 682
28 684
15. 478
2 629
1,430
4 268
27 468
14, 307
2 482
1.328
3 866
27 076
13. 931
2 682
1 444
3 908
28 593
14, 557
2 613
1,538
4 162
27 556
14, 257
2 146
1,609
4 335
27 945
14, 223
2 488
1,492
4 187
28, 796
15, 236
2 180
1,401
4 613
25, 936
13, 143
2 014
1,366
4 007
29 240
14, 973
2 322
1,481
4 045
3 434
2,903
3 726
2,593
4 634
2 517
3 730
2,901
3 Oil
2 886
3 173
3 071
3 188
2 979
3 052
3 004
3 842
3 200
3 001
2,755
4 050
3,075
T
r
r
r
r
14, 152
3 309
10, 843
13, 700
3 296
10, 404
13, 206
2 965
10 241
13, 161
2 944
10, 217
13 145
3 Oil
10 134
14 036
3 134
10 902
13 299
2 970
10 329
13 722
3 035
10 687
13, 560
3 106
10, 454
12, 793
2 734
10, 059
14 267
3 069
11 198
27, 466
14 094
2,373
1,540
3,929
28,315
14 680
2 751
1,569
4 006
29 295
15 605
2 528
1, 589
4 118
28 074
14 683
2 387
1,398
3 806
27 627
14 107
2 737
1,520
3 953
26 912
13 337
2 333
1,373
3 877
27 752
14 073
2 146
1, 577
4 122
28 803
14 732
2 392
1, 538
4 460
27, 883
14 185
2 319
1,334
4 311
26 998
13 513
2 166
1,366
4 140
29 099
15 166
2 322
1,346
4 195
3,434
2,818
3 653
2,701
4 634
2, 736
4 191
2 901
3 Oil
2 886
2 884
2 870
3 188
3 040
3 213
3, 129
3 202
3 019
3 001
2,840
4 402
2,901
13,372
3 036
10, 336
13,635
3 139
10, 496
13, 690
3 188
10 502
13, 391
3 066
10 325
13, 520
3 041
10 479
13, 575
2 929
10 646
13, 679
3 094
10 585
14, 071
3 229
10 842
13, 698
3 045
10, 653
13, 485
3 072
10 413
13, 933
3 100
10 833
r
53, 340
50, 054
6,619
3,934
15, 504
53, 774
50, 357
6 842
3, 965
15, 713
55 491
52, 119
7 038
4,089
16, 204
56 596
53, 314
7 092
4,074
16, 567
57 136
53, 944
7 381
4 176
16, 823
57 224
54, 21 1
7 387
4 287
17, 036
57 410
54, 524
7 040
4,462
17, 495
57 525
54, 678
7 026
4, 513
17, 725
58 594
55, 679
6 635
4, 430
18, 281
60, 408
57, 518
7 586
4, 525
18, 801
61 787
59, 063
7 981
4,459
19, 001
r
r
19 484
4, 513
19 577
4 260
20 682
4 106
21 246
4 335
21 088
4 476
20 948
4 553
20 879
4 648
20 750
4 664
21 473
4 860
21 636
4,970
22 811
4,811
3,286
3,417
3 372
3,282
3 192
3,013
2 886
2 847
2 915
2,890
2 724
10, 698
10, 157
11, 539
13, 363
12, 503
12, 822
12, 475
13, 142
11,952
11,513
number
919
945
908
1,048
1,024
1,170
985
1,164
1,105
do __
do
do__
do
_ . do _ _
81
136
180
437
85
70
133
196
462
84
73
136
191
404
104
72
126
209
535
106
62
141
202
511
108
102
150
224
572
122
91
153
186
463
92
94
132
245
575
118
93
163
183
551
115
34 777
42 783
41 643
42 890
49 189
42 622
41 871
59 901
3,655
8,713
10, 407
9,586
2,416
1,239
9,744
14, 106
12, 626
5,068
1,106
7,341
11, 554
10, 775
10, 867
2,974
6,163
14, 442
14, 936
4, 375
1,920
9,881
17, 647
14, 693
5,048
2, 01 5
7,089
15, 649
12, 430
5,439
2,900
6,967
17, 142
10, 772
4,090
3,619
8,877
28, 450
13, 242
5,713
New orders, net (seas, adjusted), total.
do
Durable-goods industries, total
do
Primary metal
-- do
Fabricated metal . __ .. do
Machinery (including electrical)
do
Transportation equipment (including motor vehicles)
mil. of dol
Other durable-goods industries _ _
do
Nondurable-goods industries, total
Industries with unfilled orders 9
Industries without unfilled orders!
do
do
do
Unfilled orders, end of month (unadj.), total
do
Durable-goods industries, total
- do
Primary metal
do
Fabricated metal
do
Machinery (including electrical)
_ _ do
Transportation equipment (including motor vehicle^)
mil. of dol
Other industries, including ordnance .
do
Nondurable-goods industries, total 9
do
29, 516
28 134
14, 196
13, 818
2 039
2 370
1, 639
1, 650
' 4 080 4 302
r
r
3 156
2, 904
2 749
3, 125
14, 316
3 291
11 025
15, 320
3 680
11, 640
r
r
r
28 072
T 14 266
r
2 192
r
1, 576
M 200
r
3
T
394
2 904
3 054
3,034
13, 806
3 047
10, 759
14, 215
3 345
10 870
r
r
62 227
59, 549
7 699
4, 585
19, 084
61 605
58, 790
7 457
4,570
19, 091
23 486
4, 695
23 182
4,490
r
r
r
r
28, 750
14 535
2 443
1,650
4 354
T
T
2, 678
2,815
11, 339
9,583
11, 546
1,018
1,101
932
1,158
87
141
165
540
85
95
146
195
567
98
72
146
140
489
85
82
182
198
584
112
43 013
48 689
55 040
39 313
50 004
3,588
8,598
10, 684
12, 812
7,331
7,442
7,488
9,005
11, 945
12 809
4,127
7,507
17, 828
14, 772
10, 806
2,058
7,840
9,539
15, 656
4 220
3,629
11, 145
17, 345
12, 368
5 517
BUSINESS INCORPORATIONS tf
New incorporations (48 States)
_ _ _ number _
INDUSTRIAL AND COMMERCIAL FAILURES of
Failures, total
Commercial service
Construction
Manufacturing and mining
Retail trade
Wholesale trade
_
---
-
Liabilities (current) total
thous. of dol
Commercial service
Construction
_
Manufacturing and mining
Retail trade
Wholesale trade
._
-
do
do
do
do _ _ .
do
-- _ _ -
COMMODITY PRICES
PRICES RECEIVED AND PAID BY FARMERS
Prices received, all farm products!
1910-14=100..
Crop>s
Commercial vegetables, fresh market.
Cotton
Feed grains and hay
Food grains
_
Fruit
Oil-bearing crops
Potatoes§
Tobacco
_
229
224
222
226
227
228
235
242
247
244
237
236
234
234
do
. _ do
do
do
do
222
208
278
167
220
224
231
274
164
220
226
217
264
170
221
231
248
259
171
220
233
264
262
173
220
236
258
267
174
223
245
260
275
185
229
252
272
270
192
226
263
310
273
192
218
258
286
274
194
216
236
230
263
197
218
234
178
275
196
222
232
203
270
178
225
239
264
270
182
232
do
do
_ do
do
189
227
127
443
194
228
140
438
208
232
143
455
225
236
161
452
212
239
175
452
211
245
196
453
218
253
234
453
233
265
283
454
266
259
338
453
225
250
387
453
210
249
203
451
233
234
161
455
232
249
141
453
218
262
154
443
do
do
do
do__
do
235
264
239
195
225
224
267
214
194
223
219
266
201
204
217
221
261
207
205
220
220
257
215
188
226
221
250
221
187
224
227
246
237
180
226
233
247
251
178
231
232
247
252
171
231
232
253
246
174
233
238
256
259
171
232
238
264
254
172
231
236
272
<= 245
167
238
230
277
231
164
249
261
274
246
259
273
244
259
273
243
259
272
246
259
272
245
261
274
246
261
274
248
264
278
250
264
280
248
266
282
248
267
281
250
266
279
252
265
279
250
267
281
252
280
279
278
281
280
282
284
286
286
287
288
287
287
289
82
80
80
80
81
81
83
85
86
85
82
82
S2
_
.
Livestock and products
Dairy products
Meat animals
Poultry and eggs
Wool
_ _ _
__
Prices paid :
\11 commodities and services
do
Family living items
do
Production items
do
All commodities and services, interest, taxes, and
wage rates
1910-14=100..
Parity ratio©
do
81
Revised. « Corrected.
9 Includes textiles, leather, paper, and printing and publishing industries; unfilled orders for other nondurable-goods industries are zero.
^For these industries (food, beverages, tobacco, apparel, petroleum, chemicals, and rubber), sales are considered equal to new orders.
cf Data are from Dun and Bradstreet, Inc.
JData beginning January 1953 have been revised to incorporate the latest revisions in the price series for individual commodities; unpublished revisions (prior to April 1955) will be shown
later.
§Inoludes sweetpotatoes and dry edible beans.
©Ratio of prices received to prices paid (including interest, taxes, and wage rates).
r
408827° — 56
6
S-6
Unless otherwise stated, statistics through 1954 and
descriptive notes are shown in the 1955 edition of
BUSINESS STATISTICS
SURVEY OF CUKKENT BUSINESS
December 1956
1956
1955
DecemOctober November
ber
January
February
March
April
May
June
July
August
Septem- October November
ber
COMMODITY PRICES— Continued
RETAIL PRICES
All commodities (U. S. Department of Commerce
index)
1935-39=100
Consumer price index (U. S. Department of Labor):
All items..
.
..
1947-49=100-.
Apparel _ _..
do ._
Food 9
do
Dairy products
do
Fruits and vegetables
do
Meats, poultry, and
fish
do _
Housing 9
_ _
_ __ _ do _
Gas and electricity
do
Housefurnishings
_
do
Rent
.. do -.
Medical care
__
-do _ _ .
Personal care
_ __
_
do
Reading and recreation ...
_ _ _ d o __.
Transportation
_
do
Private
_
do
Public
- _
_ do _ _
Other goods and services
do
WHOLESALE PRICES &
(U. S. Department of Labor indexes)
All commodities
- - ..
1947-49= 100. _
Economic sector: *
Crude materials for further processing
do
Intermediate materials, supplies, and components
1947-49=100.Finished goods ©
do
Farm products 9
do
Fruits and vegetables, fresh and dried _ _ do
Grains
do
Livestock and live poultry
_
do _
Foods processed 9
do
Cereal and bakery products
do
Dairy products and ice cream
do
Fruits and vegetables, canned and frozen
do
Meats poultry and
fish
do _
Commodities other than farm products and foods
1947-49=100Chemicals and allied products 9
do
Chemicals industrial
do
Drugs and Pharmaceuticals §
do
Fats and oils inedible
do __
Fertilizer materials
do _ ._
Prepared paint
do
Fuel power and lighting materials 9 - - do
Coal
do
Electricity
do
Gas
--do
Petroleum and products
do
Furniture other household durables 9
do
Appliances household
do
Furniture household
do -Radio receivers and phonographs
do
Television receivers
do
Hides skins and leather products 9
do
Footwear
do
Hides and skins
do
Leather
- do
Lumber and wood products
do
Lumber
-- do
Machinery and motive products 9
do
Agricultural machinery and equip
do
Construction machinery and equip
do
Electrical machinery and equipment
do
Motor vehicles
do
Metals and metal products 9
do
Heating equipment
do
Iron and steel
do
Nonferrous metals
do
Nonmetallic minerals structural 9
do -Clay products
- do
Concrete products
do
Gypsum products
do
Pulp paper and allied products
do _ Paper
do Rubber and products
--- do_ Tires and tubes
do
Textile products and apparel 9
do
Apparel
do
Cotton products
do
Silk products
do -_
Man-made fiber textile products
- do _ _
"Wool products
do
Tobacco mfs. and bottled beverages 9
do
Beverages, alcoholic
do _ Cigarettes
do
Miscellaneous
do
Toys, sporting goods
do
r
208.7
208.2
208.1
207. 6
207.7
208.2
208.8
209.8
211.9
213.6
212.5
213.1
213.4
114.9
104.8
109. 6
106.4
116.7
94.0
120.8
111.8
102.7
131.7
131. 6
119.5
108.2
126.4
116. 5
170.8
121.4
115.4
104.8
111.0
107. 5
121.5
95.5
120.9
111.8
102. 6
132.2
131.9
119.6
108.2
127.1
117.1
172.5
121.5
116.2
104. 8
113.2
107.7
131.4
98.0
121.4
111.7
102.8
132. 5
132.0
119.9
107.6
126.8
116.7
172.6
121.8
117.0
105.3
114.8
108.7
135.2
99.3
121.8
111.7
102.8
133.2
132.7
120.1
107.7
127.7
117.6
172.7
122.2
116.8
105.5
113.1
109.2
120.7
99.9
122.2
112.1
102.6
133.2
133.3
120.3
107.9
128.5
118.6
172.9
122.1
117.1
106.5
113.1
109.8
114.8
101.3
122.5
112.2
103.3
133.4
134.0
120.5
108.4
128.6
118.7
173.0
122.7
'117.7
106.8
113.1
110.7
113.9
100.8
122.8
112. 0
103.6
133.4
134.1
120.8
108.5
132. 6
122.9
173.0
123.0
113.6
114.4
114.2
114.0
114.7
115.5
' 115.6
114.9
104.6
110.8
107.5
108.5
100.9
120.8
111.2
104.4
130.8
128.7
117.0
106.7
126.6
117.1
167.1
120.6
115.0
104.7
109.8
107.8
109.0
97.1
120.9
111.5
104. 5
130. 9
129.8
117.5
106. 8
128.5
119.1
167.8
120.6
114.7
104.7
109. 5
107. 7
110.7
94.6
120.8
111.5
103.4
131.1
130.2
117.9
106.8
127.3
117.8
167.8
120.6
114.6
104. 1
109.2
107.3
112.6
93.3
120.6
111.7
102.0
131.4
130. 7
118.5
107. 3
126.8
117.0
170.3
120.8
114.6
104.6
108. 8
107.3
113.3
93.6
120.7
111.7
102.5
131.5
130. 9
118.9
107.5
126.9
117.0
170.5
120.9
114.7
104.8
109. 0
106.9
114.8
92.8
120.7
111.7
103.1
131.6
131.4
119. 2
107.7
126.7
116.8
170.8
121.2
111.6
111.2
111.3
111.9
112.4
112.8
115.9
93.2
89.9
89.9
91.5
93 3
93.4
95.4
96.6
95.7
95.0
96.4
96.7
95.0
94.9
119.1
111.3
86.8
92.9
82.4
71.8
100.2
114.8
105.0
107.4
81.6
119.1
111.6
84.1
102.6
79.8
62.2
98.8
115.1
105.9
107.7
77.8
119.4
111.5
82.9
95.6
82.7
59.3
98.2
115.2
107. 2
107.9
75.3
120.0
111.8
84.1
105.0
81.5
63.0
98.3
115.1
106.1
108.1
75.7
120.3
112.0
86.0
98.2
82.9
67.7
99.0
115.4
106. 1
108.9
76.1
121.0
112.3
86.6
106.5
84.5
67.5
99.2
115.4
106.1
108.6
74.6
121.7
112.7
88.0
101.8
89.5
70.8
100.4
115.6
105.9
109. 0
79.3
122.2
113.6
90.9
111.8
90.5
74.4
102.4
115.5
107.9
109.3
82.1
121.7
114.0
91.2
120.2
86.9
74.8
102.3
115.3
108.0
109.7
83.1
121.3
114.0
90.0
111.8
88.4
72.9
102.2
114.8
107.9
109.3
83.7
122.6
114.1
89.1
94.8
88.8
76.0
102.6
114.5
108.9
107.3
85.1
123.0
115.3
90.1
95.3
90.7
75.7
104.0
'114.6
109.7
106.8
89.3
' 123. 6
115.6
88.4
97.6
84.0
73.0
103.6
'115. 3
110.9
106.4
85.7
123.7
116.3
87.9
104.3
87.9
68.6
103.6
115.8
113.6
106.3
82.7
119.0
106.5
118.9
92.3
58.2
112.3
115.0
108.0
108.7
94.3
109.3
114.2
116.9
106.1
115.6
89.5
69.5
95.3
113.5
62.3
86.1
125.4
126.8
131.4
126.7
142.1
130.7
124.7
142.4
117.3
145.7
153. 9
126.8
144.3
120.2
122.1
122.8
131.2
147.8
147.2
95.4
98.7
92.8
123.7
86.1
102.8
121.7
114.7
124.0
91.5
113.8
119.4
106.6
119.3
92.3
57.6
112.3
115.0
108.6
109.0
94.3
110. 8
115.0
117.2
106. 3
116.4
89.8
69.5
96.4
115. 4
60.2
87.7
125. 0
126.4
132.5
126.1
142.4
131.4
126.5
142.9
117.4
146.0
153. 9
125.2
144. 5
120.2
122.1
123.2
131.7
150. 6
151.8
95.6
99.0
93.2
120.8
85.8
102.8
121.7
114.7
124.0
88.0
114.3
119.8
106.6
119.4
92.3
56.6
112. 3
115 8
109.3
109.4
93.8
115.5
115.6
117.3
105.8
116.5
89.8
69.7
96.7
115.4
61.1
88.4
125. 1
126.4
133. 0
126.5
143.1
132. 1
126. 7
143. 9
117.1
147.2
155.8
125.4
144.6
120.2
122.1
123.6
132.6
151.0
151.8
95.6
99. 1
93.7
120.6
84.8
102.8
121.7
114.7
124.0
88.8
115.0
120.4
106.3
120.0
92.6
55.6
113.1
117.0
111.0
109.9
94.3
121.1
117.2
118.0
105.6
117.4
89.7
69.7
96.7
115.7
56.6
89.5
126.3
127.6
133.3
126.8
143.2
132.4
126.7
145.1
117.3
149.4
156.6
127.0
145.3
121.1
127.1
124.8
134.6
148.4
151.8
95.7
99.5
93.8
120.5
84.2
102.6
121.7
114.7
124.0
89.6
115.8
120.6
106.4
119.9
92.0
54.4
113.0
119.1
111.2
109.9
94.3
122.0
117.5
118.2
105. 7
117.3
89.7
69.9
97.1
115.8
58.2
89.9
126.7
128.2
133.9
126.8
143.5
133.2
127.5
145. 1
117.1
149.1
157.1
127.1
145.6
121.1
127.1
125.4
135.0
147.1
151.8
96.0
99.5
94.3
119.5
84.8
102.7
121. 7
114.7
124.0
88.7
115.8
121.0
106.5
120.0
91.9
55.0
112.8
119.1
110.9
110.1
94.3
122.7
116.8
118. 1
105. 3
117.5
89.7
69.9
97.7
116.5
58.3
90.9
128.0
129.9
134.7
126.1
143.5
133. 6
129.0
146.5
117.1
149.4
162.0
127.9
145.9
121.1
127.1
126.8
136.2
146.2
151.8
95.9
99.7
94.1
119.5
84.5
102. 1
121.7
114.7
124.0
88.2
115.7
121.6
106.9
120.9
91.9
58.1
112.4
119.1
110.6
111.7
93.2
117.5
117. 5
118.0
105. 2
117.8
89.7
69.5
100. 6
119.9
61.9
94.6
128.5
130.6
135. 7
126.1
144.8
135.6
129.1
147. 7
117.3
151.0
163.2
128.6
146.0
121.7
127.1
127.4
136.2
145.0
151.8
95.1
99.5
93.7
121.0
80.6
102.5
121.7
114.7
124.0
92.1
115.8
121.7
106.9
120.8
92.1
60.3
109.1
119.1
110.8
111.9
93.2
115. 4
118.3
118.0
105.0
118.0
89.6
69.3
100.0
120.0
59.0
92.9
128.0
130.4
136.5
126. 5
146.6
137.0
129.1
146.8
117.3
150.8
160. 0
128.6
146.1
121.7
127. 1
127.3
136.2
143.5
151.8
94.9
99.4
93.1
125.0
80.3
102.9
121.6
114.6
124.0
96.1
115.8
121.5
107.1
121.1
92.1
55.1
108.7
119.1
110.5
112.3
93.8
111.3
118.3
118.1
105.1
118.1
89.7
69.1
100.2
120. 5
61.2
91.7
127. 3
129.6
136.8
126.6
146.8
137.6
129.1
145.8
117.4
149.5
158.0
128.9
146.5
121.9
127.1
127.4
137.0
142.8
151.8
94.9
99.7
92.7
124.7
80.2
102.9
121.6
114.6
124.0
92.9
115.8
121.4
107.3
122.1
92.2
53.7
105.7
119.1
110.7
112.9
93.8
109.7
118.8
118.3
104.4
119.2
90.7
69.3
100.1
120. 5
60.4
91.6
126.6
128.5
136.9
126.8
147.8
137.4
129.1
144.9
117.9
149.9
152.5
130.6
149.3
123.0
127.1
127.7
138.2
143.3
149.3
94.9
99.8
92.3
122.0
80.4
103.1
121.7
114.6
124.0
91.3
115.7
122.5
107.3
122.1
92.2
53.8
106.0
119.1
110.9
••113.8
94.9
109.4
118.3
119.1
105.0
119.5
91.0
69.6
100.0
120.5
60.4
90.9
125.2
127. 1
137.7
126.9
149.4
138.0
129. 1
150.2
119.1
159.4
155.4
130.8
150.1
123.4
127.1
127.9
138.2
146.9
153.4
94.8
99.7
91.9
121.0
80.3
103.4
122.5
116.2
124.0
91.1
116.3
' 123. 1
107.1
121.9
91.9
55.4
104.5
119.1
111.1
114.4
94.9
110.3
118.4
119.7
105.5
120.4
91.0
70.1
100.2
120. 5
63.3
90.8
123.6
125.2
139.7
127.4
151.5
142.0
129.4
151.9
121.0
161.5
154.8
131.1
150.1
124.8
127.1
127.9
138.9
145.7
153.4
94.8
99.7
91.5
120.1
80.4
103.9
122.8
116.9
124.0
89.9
116.6
123.6
107.7
122.6
91.9
55.8
104. 1
' 122. 4
r
111.7
r
121.0
94.9
' 111.1
118.3
'121.0
r
106. 5
'120.8
91.1
r
69.9
r
99. 7
120.7
57.8
90.8
122.0
123.6
'141.1
r
129. 5
' 154. 7
143.2
' 130. 8
124.2
108.2
122.5
92.1
57.6
105. 7
123.6
111. 4
121.9
94.9
111.1
117.5
121.4
106. 7
121. 2
91.1
71.0
99.8
120.8
59.0
90.8
121.5
123. 1
143.5
130.9
155.5
143.7
135.9
152. 0
121.9
162.4
149.7
131. 3
150.3
125. 3
127.1
127.8
139.2
146.9
153. 4
95.4
99.7
92.8
122.7
80.3
106.1
123.5
118.1
124.0
91.2
116.8
r 152. 2
r
121.9
161. 1
154. 1
131.5
150.1
125.0
127.1
r
128. 1
' 139. 1
145.8
153.4
' 95. 3
99.7
92.7
123.6
80.9
' 104. 8
123.1
117.2
124.0
89.2
116.7
r
Revised.
* Index based on 1935-39=100 is 196.8.
9 Includes data not shown separately.
cfFor actual wholesale prices of individual commodities, see respective commodities.
*New series. Data i rior to February 1955 will be shown
later.
©Goods to users, including raw foods and fuels.
§ Effective with the January 1955 index, cosmetics and related products were transferred from <;rags, etc., to the "other chemicals"
subgroup.
SUEVEY OF CURRENT BUSINESS
December 1956
1955
Unless otherwise stated, statistics through 1954 and
descriptive notes are shown in the 1955 edition of
NovemDecemOctober
BUSINESS STATISTICS
ber
ber
S-7
1956
January
February
March
April
May
June
July
October NovemAugust September
ber
COMMODITY PRICES—Continued
PURCHASING POWER OF THE DOLLAR
As measured bv —
Wholesale prices
Consumer prices
Retail food prices
. 1947-49 = 100__
do
- do,. _
89.6
87.0
90.3
89.9
87.0
91.1
89.8
87.2
91.3
89.4
87.3
91.6
89.0
87.3
91.9
88.7
87.2
91.7
87.4
86.7
90.1
88.0
87.0
91.2
87.6
86.1
88.3
87.7
85.5
87.1
87.2
85.6
88.4
86.6
85.4
88.4
r
88.
1
5
85.0
188.4
1
86.3
CONSTRUCTION AND REAL ESTATE
CONSTRUCTION ACTIVITY f
mil. of dol..-
4,037
3,702
3, 258
2,939
2,816
3,077
3,417
3,764
4,071
4,231
4,286
4,250
4,126
3, 806
Private, total - do
Residential (nonfarm) _ _ _ _ _
do___
New dwelling units
_ do
Additions and alterations,- _
___ _ _ _ d o _
Nonresidential building, except farm and public
utility total
mil of dol
Industrial.
...
... _ _ _ do __
Commercial
do
Farm construction
__
do_ _
Public utility
._
do
2,810
1,509
1,360
2,663
2,435
2,088
998
895
73
2, 260
1,116
1,000
86
2,424
2,596
1,232
1,090
109
1, 315
1,150
128
2,786
2,865
1,279
1,160
88
2,176
1,080
980
70
1,417
1, 235
142
1,445
1,260
142
2, 873
1, 431
1,250
140
2. 833
1,405
1, 225
140
2,751
1, 350
1, 175
134
2, 650
1,297
1, 135
120
Public, total
N onresidential building _
Military facilities
Highway
Other types _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
New construction (unadjusted), total
do
do _ _
do
_ - _ _ do
_ _ _ _ _ _ do__ _
New construction (seasonally adjusted), total do
Private total
do
Residential (nonfarm) _ _ _ _ _
__ _ do_ _
Nonresidential building, except farm and public
utility
mil. of dol
Farm construction .
do
Public utility
do
Public, total
___ _
Nonresidential building
Highway.
__
_
do
do
do.
116
1,419
1,280
107
721
219
306
132
437
715
224
297
111
407
679
223
270
98
369
650
223
251
97
341
648
225
252
101
334
655
226
257
109
373
665
239
252
121
398
705
252
266
139
427
760
263
290
150
448
787
270
300
159
462
788
276
293
161
481
788
276
288
148
480
793
274
287
122
474
794
271
288
103
445
1,227
350
136
524
217
1,039
321
116
405
197
823
286
97
263
177
763
293
84
210
176
728
284
82
195
167
817
301
91
230
195
993
315
104
350
224
1,168
335
117
470
246
1,285
357
132
535
261
1, 366
380
135
575
276
1,413
389
139
600
285
1,417
379
139
615
284
1,375
371
143
585
276
1, 156
341
134
430
251
3,598
2,594
1,375
3,601
2,551
1,342
3,580
2 519
1,322
3,619
2 506
1,286
3,632
2,523
3,590
3,737
2 584
1,297
2 606
1,302
3, 736
2 606
1,300
3,726
2 530
1,268
3,687
1,279
2 620
1,302
3,714
2 608
1,289
3, 693
2 587
1,277
3,661
2 537
1,227
3, 715
2 536
1,224
685
132
391
678
131
389
665
131
389
664
130
416
689
129
418
707
128
419
733
127
419
746
126
423
749
125
423
759
125
424
758
124
426
750
123
425
752
122
423
755
121
424
1,004
1,050
337
403
1,061
321
432
1,113
333
467
1,109
338
443
1,060
320
411
1,103
315
438
1,131
325
443
1,130
340
425
1,106
339
408
1,106
344
403
1, 106
345
397
1,124
347
403
1,179
359
434
54, 856
1,797
527
1,269
50, 551
1,921
730
1,190
51, 949
1, 858
675
1,183
58, 056
1,860
598
1,262
79 196
81 231
2,421
745
1,677
78 801
62 249
2 198
732
1 466
56 713
2 149
736
1 412
61 271
2 069
620
1 449
53 757
2 025
671
1 354
48 669
1, 706
589
1 117
4,407
326
363
CONTRACT AWARDS
Construction contracts awarded in 37 States (F. W.
Dodge Corp.):
Total projects
number
Total valuation
.
-- mil. of dol
Public ownership ___
do __
Private ownership
do
Nonresidential buildings:
Projects
number _
Floor area
thous of sq. ft
Valuation
mil. of dol
Residential buildings:
Projects
number
Floor area
thous of sq. ft
Valuation _
_ . _ ___ _ _ _ __mil. of dol _
Public works:
Projects
number
Valuation
mil. of dol .
Utilities:
Projects
number .
Valuation
.. _ mil. ofdoL.
Value of contract awards (F. R. indexes):
Total, unadjusted. _ _ _ _
1947-49=100-.
Residential, unadjusted
do
Total, seasonally adjusted _
_ . _ ---do
Residential, seasonally adjusted
do
Engineering construction:
Contract awards (ENR)§
mil. of dol
Highway concrete pavement contract awards :d"
Total
thous. of sq. yd
Airports__ __ _
_ _ _ do
Roads
_ _
do
Streets and alleys
do
61, 135
1,863
551
1,312
5,863
49, 156
4,686
4,505
2,382
638
1,744
5,967
2,480
714
1,766
6,737
692
46, 058
663
49, 426
727
4,144
47 895
661
44, 569
630
62 191
881
6,160
61 467
822
60 057
819
6 194
53 739
794
6 186
56? 594
6 061
55 234
*747
5 646
52 450
776
5 395
48 575
675
53, 033
76, 964
48, 346
73, 638
726
44, 302
70, 440
711
46, 314
68 147
694
51, 942
77, 139
799
70, 833
108 060
1,105
72, 290
112 465
1,144
68, 847
108 172
1,129
52 936
81 020
826
47 203
72 665
758
52 044
80 278
874
45 351
73 003
764
41 071
63 222
656
277
1,398
280
1,394
359
1,105
356
1,218
337
1,902
311
2 271
367
2 667
365
2 532
418
2 739
374
2 660
301
2 293
355
1 803
302
467
111
426
129
448
124
386
147
391
93
494
84
510
89
550
166
587
159
585
169
506
147
467
130
400
72
249
246
260
252
244
243
270
252
244
233
301
273
247
242
300
290
267
285
306
318
291
334
287
317
319
370
277
315
310
340
257
286
298
297
256
269
281
269
255
265
273
262
260
264
254
251
' 251
r 250
237
224
248
230
1,526
1,369
1,693
1,593
1,781
2 379
1 869
2 120
1 622
1 835
1 828
1 480
1 878
8, 909
1,150
22 5, 229
2, 529
1,292
3, 287
2 341
6,920
8,259
8 362
798
8 513
1,084
7 679
720
4 149
2 810
4 795
408
1 893
2 494
8 398
1,486
3 219
3 693
5 267
695
1 911
2 661
7 302
'953
3 524
783
1,772
5,999
1,052
2,413
2,534
7,171
1.895
3,345
1,931
2
1,726
4,319
2,214
4,547
3 017
7 578
337
3,764
3 477
3,873
3 557
847
r
r
1 736
2*825
NEW DWELLING UNITS
( U. S. Department of Labor)
New permanent nonfarm dwelling units started:
Unadjusted:
89.2
76.2
105.8
Total, privately and publicly owned__-thousands__
98.6
• 78.3
113.7
75.0
111.3
107.4
80.0
93.0
101.1 'r 103. 9
93.0
88.4
104.8
Privately owned, total
.
do
73.5
73.7
93.9
77.0
110.8
90 8
109.9
104 6
103 2
79. 6
99 0
89 9
r
In metropolitan areas
do
75.8
64.0
53.6
53.6
56.9
69.6
76 3
75 3
54 1
72 8
68 1
62 5
70r 5
60 8
.8
Publicly owned
_
do.__
.4
2.7
1.3
1.0
4.7
1.4
2. 1
1.3
2.9
2 8
2 2
.7
31
Seasonally adjusted at annual rate:
Privately owned, total t. _
-do __ 1, 209. 0 1, 179. 0 1, 192. 0 1,195.0 1, 127. 0 1, 094. 0 1, 157. 0 1, 146. 0 1,091.0 1, 070 0 f 1,136.0 1 000 0 1 050 0 1,060.0
Building construction authorized, all permit-issuing
places:
New dwelling units, totalthousands.. « 89. 4
70.1
57.6
94.6
62.8
98.1
71.1
96.1
88.3
85.7
70.4
81.3
Privately financed, total _
do__
56.6
69.7
70.2
•87. 7
61.8
92.3
94.7
97.1
85 8
85 1
68 6
80 5
62.9
50.2
«78.7
Units in 1 family structures
_ _ _ _ do
54.6
81.2
61.7
84.5
76.6
86.5
74.8
71 9
59.8
« 2. 1
2.2
1.9
Units in 2 family structures
do _
2.1
2.5
3.2
3.1
2 5
2 9
2 7
2 5
2 2
"6.9
4.6
4.5
Units in multifamily structures.
do _
5.1
7.8
6.0
7.8
7.1
6.4
7 7
6 1
6 6
.4
Publicly financed, total
do
1.1
"1.7
1.0
.9
2.4
1.4
1.0
2.5
.6
.8
1.8
r
p
1
Revised.
Preliminary.
Revisions for new dwelling units for September 1955 (thous.): Total, 96.8; private—total, 95.7; 2 family structures, 2.3; multifamily structures, 7.3; public,
1.1. 1
Indexes based on 1935-39—100 are as follows: Measured by—wholesale prices, 45.2 (November); consumer prices, 50.8 (October); retail food, 43.8 (October).
Data include some contracts awarded in prior months but not reported.
fRevisions for January 1954-March 1955 will be shown later.
§Data for December 1955 and March, May, August and November 1956 are for 5 weeks; other months, 4 weeks.
cfData for November 1955 and February, May, August, and October 1956 are for 5 weeks: other months, 4 weeks.
^Revised back to 1946 to incorporate new seasonal factors; for revisions not published herein (January 1946-February 1955) and seasonal factors used, see the June 1956 issue of Construction
Review.
2
SURVEY OF CURRENT BUSINESS
S-8
1955
Unless otherwise stated, statistics through 1954 and
descriptive notes are shown in the 1955 edition of
NovemDecemOctober
BUSINESS STATISTICS
ber
ber
December 1956
1956
January
February
March
April
May
June
July
August
Septem- October
ber
Novem
ber
CONSTRUCTION AND REAL ESTATE—Continued
CONSTRUCTION COST INDEXES
Department of Commerce composite
1947-49=100-Aberthaw (industrial building)
1914=100. .
American Appraisal Co., The:
Average 30 cities
1913—100
Atlanta
_
_
.. _
do___
New York
do
San Francisco
- do
St. Louis
do
Associated General Contractors (all types) -.1913=100- _
E. H. Boeckh and Associates:!
Average, 20 cities:
Apartments, hotels, and office buildings:
Brick and concrete ... TJ. S. avg. 1926-29=100. _
Brick and steel
do
Brick and wood
_. do
Commercial and factory buildings:
Brick and concrete
- do
Brick and steel
_
_ _ _ _ _ _ do _
Brick and wood
___do___
Frame
__
. . ..
.. do ...
Steel
do
Residences:
Brick
do
Frame
.. do. _
Engineering News-Record:cf
Building
1947-49=100 Construction
do
Bu. of Public Roads — Highway construction:
Composite standard mile
1946=100
126.4
126.5
126.6
401
127.1
127.9
128.6
405
129.4
130.2
616
665
642
577
607
444
618
666
643
578
608
446
619
666
643
580
609
446
622
667
644
582
629
452
623
667
648
586
630
452
625
676
652
588
632
452
628
676
654
589
633
268.5
264.4
266.2
269.1
265.1
266.7
270.1
266.1
267.3
271.2
267. 1
268.4
271.6
267.7
270.5
276.3
273.8
264.6
266.4
259.0
276.8
274.4
265.2
266. 9
259.4
278.1
275. 3
265. 7
267.3
260.8
279.4
276.3
267. 2
268.1
261.3
266.8
260.8
267. 4
261.3
268.0
261. 9
141.8
148.6
141.6
148.6
142.1
149.3
r
r
130. 9
421
'131.6
631
676
655
596
633
634
679
660
596
635
638
692
667
596
635
452
641
695
681
597
637
456
461
467
467
470
272.4
268.7
271.6
274. 1
270 3
273.4
276.8
272 5
275.4
278.0
273 7
276.1
279.6
275 3
276.7
280.2
275.9
277.2
280.8
276. 7
277.0
281.0
276 9
277 0
279.4
277.1
269.0
270. 5
261.8
280.4
278.4
269.9
271 A
263. 3
282.3
280.0
271.5
273.6
264.6
285 3
282. 2
273.8
275. 4
266 2
286.6
283.5
274.6
275.9
267.5
287.8
286.7
275.2
276.0
272 8
288.2
287.3
275. 9
276.2
273.2
288.9
288.6
275. 9
275.4
274.9
289 2
288 8
276.0
275 3
275 l
269. 1
262.7
271.2
265.2
272.1
266.2
273.8
268.2
276 1
269.9
276.8
270.4
277. 2
270.6
277.8
271.0
277.4
270.5
2774
270 3
142.9
150.2
142.9
150.2
143.6
150.8
144.1
152.0
144.5
152 8
144.7
153 4
145.3
153. 7
147.9
155.6
147.7
155.4
148 0
155 4
131. 1
132.4
132. 4
135.4
' 132. 5
441
642
696
681
597
637
132.4
642
696
681
596
636
470
140 5
CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS
Output of selected construction materials, index:!
Iron and steel products
1947-49=100_ _
Lumber and wood products
.- do_.
145.0
135.3
134.9
124.6
132.3
117.6
136.4
121. 0
143.4
119.5
155.7
129. 0
152.2
129.3
164.2
138.6
164.0
130.0
52.1
119.8
r 140. 2
143.1
138.2
123.6
275, 334
755, 018
261, 480
620,173
280, 660
569, 925
240, 723
535, 526
231, 856
467, 908
202, 141
492, 888
209, 338
468, 766
207, 111
421, 178
208, 192
464, 937
237, 440
504, 725
203, 661
507, 610
229, 797
500, 930
1,364
1,417
1,246
1,181
1,138
1,127
1,123
1,173
1,108
1, 116
1,142
1,148
782
746
712
778
908
932
986
976
949
1,037
850
922
261
385
137
253
351
142
251
316
145
284
333
161
331
386
191
359
388
185
356
434
196
349
449
178
341
439
169
358
483
197
292
397
161
323
422
176
2,316
2,308
68,784
2,188
2,403
89, 212
2,059
2,288
96, 972
2,050
2,238
84, 041
2,271
2,615
89, 315
2,269
2,472
84, 624
2,434
2,559
87, 681
2,417
2,755
74, 770
2.374
2, 548
68, 752
2,544
2,618
74, 930
2,185
2,802
70, 118
81, 121
REAL ESTATE
Home mortgages insured or guaranteed byFed Hous. Adm.: Face amount
-thous. of dol.. 273, 493
717, 334
Vet Adm • Face amount
do
Federal Home Loan Banks, outstanding advances to
1,344
member institutions
mil. of dol
New mortgage loans of all savings and loan associa880
tions estimated total
mil. of dol- .
By purpose of loan:
303
Homo construction
do
426
Home purchase
do
152
All other purposes
do __
New nonfarrn mortgages recorded ($20,000 and under) ,
2,387
estimated total
mil. of dol
2,207
Nonfirin foreclosures
number
Fire losses
thous. of dol.. 58, 778
2,425
DOMESTIC TRADE
ADVERTISING
Printers' Ink advertising index, seas, adjusted: t
Combined index
1947-49=100
Business papers
do
Magazines
do
Newspapers
do
Outdoor
do
Radio (network)
do
Television (network)
1950-52=100
Tide advertising index unadjusted
1947-49—100
Television advertising:
Cost of facilities total
thous of dol
Drugs and toiletries
Foods soft drinks confectionery
Soaps cleansers etc
Smoking materials
All other
Magazine advertising:
Cost total
Apparel and accessories
Automotive incl accessories
Building materials
do
do
do
do
do
190
165
158
200
158
38
312
187
176
153
183
151
36
312
193
171
155
213
157
34
313
201
182
158
221
170
36
331
192
178
161
192
147
36
328
198
187
155
205
172
39
337
199
184
157
201
165
36
351
192
181
152
183
157
38
357
204
184
161
202
152
33
392
214
182
160
207
155
42
447
200
195
155
194
160
37
379
216. 5
219.2
163.0
159.9
184.8
209.4
218.8
228.1
200.4
158.4
175.6
198.9
38, 086
4 936
9,363
7,836
4,326
3,652
7,973
38, 852
4, 935
8,850
8,096
4,411
3,764
8,794
39, 399
5, 399
8,782
8,427
4,432
3,869
8,490
38, 898
5, 475
9,653
8, 181
4, 569
3,557
7,462
37, 192
4,831
9,117
8,116
4,570
3, 571
6,986
40, 589
5,510
9,824
8,524
5,131
3,873
7,727
38, 979
5,147
9,403
7,840
5,037
3,419
8,133
40, 610
5,425
10, 086
8,155
5,125
3,087
8,732
38, 243
4,642
10, 094
7, 958
4,991
3,214
7,344
37, 748 'r 42, 597 39, 107
4, 594
3,766
3,450
9,105
10, 870
10, 021
7,706
6,849
8,038
5, 507
4,701
5,249
3,118
2,833
3,517
14, 515
6,780
8,832
68, 295
4,876
7,504
2,258
6,064
8,533
4,148
51, 249
3, 850
4,509
1,102
4,804
6,300
5,062
38, 656
2,020
4,341
1,310
3,742
5,749
1,440
54, 298
3, 458
5,096
2,841
5,375
8,003
2,233
69, 188
5,673
7,020
4,313
5,541
8,648
2,998
75, 485
5, 643
7,924
4,559
5,732
8,542
3,286
72, 961
5,510
6,685
4,560
6,111
7,847
3,149
59, 946
3,365
6, 175
3,389
5,909
7,179
2,714
42, 386
904
4,226
1,935
4,868
6,893
2,568
42, 024
4,601
2,736
1,740
4,288
6,077
1,971
63, 735
7, 945
2,478
3,945
5,967
7, 256
2,611
181
186
140
186
153
38
300
r
Foods soft drinks confectionery
Beer wine liouors
do
do
71, 084
6,193
5,926
3,610
6,241
9,223
3,555
Household furnishings
Industrial materials
Soaps cleansers etc
Smoking materials
All other
do
do
do
do
do
4 901
4,309
5,680
946
1, 548
18, 954
4,790
3,516
4,943
778
1,362
19, 523
2,713
1,990
3,771
567
1,895
14, 685
873
1,298
3,166
645
1,030
13, 042
2,055
1, 551
4,110
1,103
1,511
16, 960
4,014
2,761
4,940
1,314
1,615
20, 352
5,063
4,405
5,735
1,330
1,516
21, 750
5, 465
4, 054
6,627
1,368
1, 655
19, 930
4,919
2,042
5,517
843
1,562
16, 331
2, 794
1,030
3,665
775
1,149
11, 578
1,522
1,646
3,742
641
1,178
11, 882
3,349
2,830
5,792
976
1,275
19, 312
5,570
4,689
3, 669
4,114
4,664
5,249
5,399
4,648
3,734
3,496
4,278
5,265
Linage, total
r
do
do
do
do
thous. of lines..
Revised.
§ Copyrighted data; see last paragraph of headnote, p. S-l.
cf Data reported at the beginning of each month are shown here for the previous month.
f Revised series.
j Data revised beginning January 1954; revisions prior to March 1955 will be shown later.
236.7
5,552
644
696
681
595
635
470
147 9
155 4
SURVEY OF CURRENT BUSINESS
December 1956
Unless otherwise stated, statistics through 1954 and
descriptive notes are shown in the 1955 edition of
BUSINESS STATISTICS
S-9
1955
1958
j DecemOctober November
ber
January
February
March
April
May
June
July
August
Septem- October November
ber
DOMESTIC TRADE—Continued
ADVERTISING— Continued
Newspaper advertising:
Linage total (52 cities)
Classified
thous. of lines
do
Display, total
Automotive
Financial
General
Retail
do_ _
do
-- do __
do
--. do
273 073
65 684
268 516
58 567
242 542
50, 144
212 200
57 508
218 335
56 624
251 255
63 286
260 992
65 077
268 486
66 664
239 266
62 395
213 961
60 525
227 297
62 ' 494
244 056
63 036
269 857
62 197
207, 390
19, 797
3,678
39 778
144, 137
209, 949
20, 045
3,440
38 514
147, 950
192, 398
12, 568
3,421
27 128
149, 281
154,693
14 220
5,200
26 955
108, 318
161,711
15,161
3, 235
31 489
111,826
187, 969
15 494
3 484
36 151
132 840
195, 915
14 864
3,932
40 980
136 140
201, 822
17 088
3, 657
40 952
140 125
176, 872
15 477
3,641
34 747
123 006
153
12
4
27
108
164, 803
12 626
2, 749
26 430
122, 998
181, 021
10 018
3 169
34 223
133 610
207
16
4
43
143
436
947
652
098
740
659
878
026
420
335
PERSONAL CONSUMPTION EXPENDITURES
Seasonally adjusted quarterly totals at annual rates :J
Goods and services, total
bil. ofdol.Durable goods, total 9
Automobiles and parts ..
Furniture and household equipment
259.5
261 7
263.7
266 8
do ___
do ___
do
35.4
16.5
14.5
34 8
15. 5
14 9
33.4
13.8
15 2
33 0
13 7
15 0
do
do
...do __
do _
129.2
21.3
77.8
7.8
130.5
20 8
78.8
81
132.3
21 5
79.5
83
134
21
80
8
0
9
5
5
94.9
14.8
31.1
7.6
96 4
15 0
31.5
7.7
98 0
15 2
31.9
7.8
99
15
32
7
7
5
5
9
_
Nondurable goods, total 9 -Clothing and shoes _ _
__ ___
Food and alcoholic beverages.- _ _ _ i _
Gasoline and oil
_
Services, total 9
Household operation
Housing .
. ._
Transportation
do .
do
do
do
RETAIL TRADE
All retail stores:
Estimated sales (unadjusted), total
15, 824
15, 894
19, 268
13, 866
13, 686
15, 864
15,029
16, 257
16, 724
15, 526
16, 335
15, 730
Durable-goods stores 9
do
Automotive group
do
Motor- vehicle, other automotive dealers. do
Tire, battery, accessory dealers
do
5,564
2,964
2, 786
177
5,539
3 039
2,866
172
6,186
3 118
2,910
208
4,690
2 744
2, 626
118
4.775
2 812
2,688
124
5 421
3 195
3,044
151
5 352
3 058
2,899
159
5,798
3 238
3,056
183
6,053
3 363
3, 155
208
5 573
3 066
2,880
186
5 739
3 110
2,919
191
5 230
2 676
2,507
169
Furniture and appliance group . _ .__ do
Furniture, homefurnishings stores
do
Household-appliance, radio stores
do
909
562
348
927
584
343
1.163
704
459
761
462
299
757
464
293
808
502
306
787
491
296
874
553
321
921
556
364
846
516
331
900
566
334
860
518
342
1,047
788
259
958
715
244
947
630
317
701
526
175
698
527
171
843
636
207
929
701
227
1 035
769
266
1 090
814
275
1 024
774
250
1 050
800
251
1,006
761
245
10, 260
974
193
374
227
180
10, 355
988
219
382
222
165
13, 083
1, 598
402
621
353
222
9,176
721
161
292
143
125
8, 911
667
137
278
135
116
10, 443
1 003
180
403
216
204
9,677
833
160
344
172
157
10, 459
963
193
388
199
182
10, 671
989
227
364
203
195
9, 953
768
163
290
168
146
10, 596
863
168
338
190
167
10, 500
981
188
374
225
194
437
mil. of dol_.
Lumber, building, hardware group
Lumber, building-materials dealers
Hardware stores
do
do
do
Nondurable-goods stores 9
do
Apparel group
~_ do _
Men's and boys' wear stores
do
Women's apparel, accessorv stores _ _ _ do
Family and other apparel stores
do
Shoe stores
_ - do
' 16, 282 1 16, 836
T
5,516
2 830
2,646
184
r
956
593
363
10, 766
' 1, 034 i i 092
216
405
236
177
1, 204
3 705
3,146
1,083
432
1,126
3 648
3,078
1, 085
590
1,182
4 168
3,542
1,104
459
1, 084
3 517
2 986
1,012
451
1,041
3 446
2 927
983
479
1,114
3 939
3 376
1 078
446
1,134
3 532
3 006
1,090
477
1, 209
3 7%
3 221
1 154
477
1,270
3 980
3 413
1 201
464
1,306
3 772
3 215
1 239
475
1, 333
3 988
3 400
1 253
465
1,240
3 890
3 3°3
1 181
r 430
' 1, 227
General-merchandise group
do
Department stores, excl. mail -order cf
do
Mail-order (catalog sales)
-_ do
Variety stores
do
Other general-merchandise stores
-. do
Liquor stores
do
1 807
993
116
282
416
312
1 Q56
1, 076
158
291
432
319
3 010
1.617
183
595
616
493
1 27S
693
89
191
305
274
1 271
667
97
206
300
263
1 649
884
106
274
386
306
1 514
854
95
221
346
282
1 703
941
113
256
392
308
1 700
932
105
274
388
313
1 414
748
90
245
330
318
1 663
898
120
271
374
328
1r 699
945
108
275
372
324
r 1 808
15, 777
Estimated sales (seasonally adjusted"), total
do
r
r 3 881
r 3 305
r
1 180
«• 1, 007
129
284
387
330
15, 808
15, 795
15, 658
15, 346
15, 740
15, 541
15, 892
15, 998
16, 019
16, 253
16 018
16, 050
5, 764
3, 280
3, 107
173
5, 689
3,261
3,090
171
5, 677
3,233
3, 008
165
5, 456
3. 020
2, 869
151
5,354
3, 008
2,855
153
5, 466
3 049
2, 881
169
5,303
2 867
2, 703
164
5,396
2 961
2,785
176
5,500
2 997
2,812
184
5,514
2 981
2,806
174
5,512
3 022
2,845
178
«• 5, 356
r 2 780
r
2, 599
180
5,490
3 035
2, 862
173
849
517
332
838
525
313
873
546
327
8G9
543
326
859
539
319
877
540
337
895
546
348
863
524
340
899
537
362
899
550
349
886
552
333
908
558
350
864
530
334
Lumber, building, hardware group
_ _ do ._
Lumber, bu ilding-materials d ealers
do
Hardware stores. _ _ _
._. _ _ _ --_ do-__
963
725
238
935
710
225
929
689
240
938
699
238
899
674
225
925
692
234
958
718
240
945
701
245
979
716
263
968
720
248
933
688
245
960
711
249
918
689
228
Nondurable-goods stores 9
- do
Apparel group
do
Men's and boys' wear stores
__ _ do
Women's apparel, accessory stores
do _
Family and other apparel stores
do
Shoe stores
do
10,013
908
183
355
201
169
10, 119
916
191
354
200
172
10. 118
912
193
372
189
159
10 202
927
200
368
189
169
9 992
924
191
364
200
170
10 274
916
177
368
201
170
10 238
921
198
355
199
168
10 496
965
201
373
222
170
10 498
957
210
366
209
172
10 505
956
209
364
215
168
10 741
1 039
223
411
213
19^
1 0 RR9
10 560
982
214
388
208
172
447
1,159
3,686
3,121
1,042
447
1, 164
3,728
3 164
1,078
459
1, 158
3. 726
3 176
1,083
465
1 171
3,747
3 186
1 082
455
1 152
3,680
3 128
1,088
485
1 192
3 756
3 205
1 154
467
1 200
3 702
3 167
1 130
483
1 202
3 818
3 260
1 135
480
1 241
3 769
3 215
1 163
479
1 191
3 842
3 272
1 150
487
1 215
3 890
3 306
1 164
Durable-goods stores 9
do
Automotive group ..
.. . d o ~ _ Motor-vehicle, other automotive dealers ..do
Tire, battery, accessory dealers.
do
Furniture and appliance group
Furniture, homefurnishings stores
Household-appliance, radio stores.-
Drug and proprietary stores
Eating and drinking places
Food group
Grocery stores
Gasoline service stations
-
do
-~ do
- do
do
do
-- - do do
-do -
90Q
392
91 n
1 RA
492
1 1 ^S
3 Q1 8
i i fip;
i Q81
1,052
794
258
do
do
do
do
-- -_ do
Drug and proprietary stores
Eating and drinking places
Food group
Grocery stores
Gasoline service stations
__
i 3 014
i 4.^8
1,194
4 068
3 487
1 185
2 048
1,148
492
1 184
3 915
3 332
1 150
1,693
General-merchandise group
do ._
1,700
1,672
1,714
1 645
1 702
1 702
1 752
1 730
1 763
1 781
1 773
1 674
923
Department stores, excl. mail-order
do
914
913
936
878
913
943
940
974
948
971
989
913
110
115
Mail-order (catalog sales)
do
117
113
113
112
111
122
116
118
123
116
112
282
Variety stores
__
do _ 286
273
279
268
273
256
282
278
291
295
294
292
378
384
370
Other general-merchandise stores
do
385
385
403
392
412
384
380
374
393
357
307
Liquorstores
.._
do
306
300
318
298
315
315
342
327
329
346
323
332
r
Revised.
* Advance estimate.
^Revised series. Estimates of personal consumption expenditures have been revised back to 1952 (see pp. 7 ff. of the July 1956 SURVEY); for data prior to 1952. see the 1954 NATIONAL INCOME
SUPPLEMENT.
9 Includes data not shown separately.
c?Correction: 1951 monthly average for combined department-store and mail-order sales (old series) shown in the 1955 edition of BUSINESS STATISTICS should read $927,000,000.
SURVEY OF CUERENT BUSINESS
S-10
Unless otherwise stated, statistics through 1954 and
descriptive notes are shown in the 1955 edition of
BUSINESS STATISTICS
December 1956
1956
1955
October
Novem- December
ber
January
February
March
April
May
June
July
August
Septem- October November
ber
DOMESTIC TRADE—Continued
RETAIL TRADE— Continued
All retail stores — Continued
Estimated inventories:
Unadjusted, total
D arable-poods stores
Nondurable-goods stores
mil. of dol_.
do
do
23, 890
10. 390
13, 500
24, 780
10, 930
13, 850
22, 440
10,410
12, 030
22, 790
10, 870
11, 920
23, 840
11,330
12, 510
24, 540
11,680
12, 860
24, 880
11, 830
13, 050
24, 450
11,490
12, 960
23, 510
10, 860
12, 650
23, 300
10, 650
12, 650
23, 540
10, 400
13, 140
Seasonally adjusted, total
_ do
Durable-goods stores 9
do
Automotive group
do
Furniture and appliance group _. . __ _ _ d o _.
Lumber, building, hardware group
do
23, 290
10, 720
3,990
1, 900
2, 380
23, 590
11. 000
4, 250
1,980
2, 360
23, 900
11, 230
4,470
1,970
2,380
24, 080
11,390
4.680
1,980
2,340
24, 210
11,450
4,710
2, 010
2,350
23, 820
11, 220
4,490
1,980
2, 360
23, 880
11, 100
4,380
1,990
2,340
23, 900
11,030
4,310
2,000
2,320
23, 830
10, 750
4,010
2,010
2,330
23, 800
10, 650
3,960
2,000
2,270
23, 750
10, 470
3,880
1,990
2,190
23, 430
10, 260
3,630
2,010
2,170
23. 330
10,020
3, 480
1,990
2,170
do
do
do
do
1 2, 570
2,780
2, 540
4,050
12, 590
2,760
2,570
4,080
12, 670
2,720
2,570
4,170
12, 690
2,660
2, 600
4,170
12, 760
2,690
2, 580
4,200
12, 600
2,660
2, 570
4,100
12, 780
2,720
2, 600
4,140
12, 870
2,740
2, 680
4,090
13, 080
2,780
2,750
4,160
13, 150
2,810
2, 760
4,180
13, 280
2,840
2,790
4,220
13,170
2,800
2,810
4,170
13, 310
2, 860
2,840
4,260
do
Nondurable-goods stores 9
\pparel group
Food group
General-merchandise group
Firms with 11 or more stores:
Estimated sales (unadjusted), total 9
' 23, 530 23, 960
9.850
10,030
r
13, 500
14, 110
2,949
2,994
4,029
2,449
2, 464
3,058
2,722
3,014
3,167
2,770
3,052
3,009
3,114
Apparel group 9
Men's and boys' wear stores
_
Women's apparel, accessory stores
Shoe stores
do
do__.
do
do
196
17
76
62
201
20
78
59
316
33
12S
91
128
11
48
43
121
9
48
40
222
16
84
78
160
12
61
58
192
14
76
69
200
16
76
75
143
10
57
55
162
10
68
60
194
13
68
74
197
15
73
65
Drug and proprietary stores
Eating and drinking places
Furniture, homefurnishings stores
do _
do
do
65
63
33
63
60
35
99
63
33
62
56
25
62
56
24
69
61
30
63
60
26
66
63
31
69
66
29
67
65
26
67
67
29
67
65
27
69
68
35
General-merchandise group 9
-do___
Department stores
do
Dry-goods, other general-merchandise stores
mil of dol
Variety stores
_
do
Grocery stores
do
Lumber, building-materials dealers
do
Tire battery accessory stores
do
874
425
938
428
1, 470
622
596
281
600
271
792
366
748
388
838
417
867
430
722
350
858
412
857
425
914
449
130
212
1,200
78
59
141
224
1,175
70
58
221
456
1,417
58
85
87
144
1, 145
53
44
82
156
1, 166
4?
4o
117
215
1,389
61
55
103
170
1,174
69
57
118
197
1,280
75
67
127
211
1,377
78
74
103
185
1,221
76
64
130
207
1,324
81
63
126
206
1,274
76
57
131
215
1, 278
78
63
do
2,820
2,898
2,916
2.936
2,905
2,954
2,914
3,000
2,999
3,019
3,075
3,058
3,029
do
do
do
do
do
do
do
182
16
72
60
65
60
30
189
16
73
64
66
62
29
185
16
74
60
70
62
28
184
14
70
66
67
60
33
176
13
70
59
66
62
29
181
14
72
65
71
62
28
172
14
66
60
66
60
29
185
14
72
65
68
61
28
186
14
73
64
70
64
30
184
15
70
64
68
61
30
193
15
75
68
70
63
28
190
15
71
66
70
63
29
185
14
69
65
69
65
31
800
376
833
388
820
384
861
417
829
397
836
395
839
416
856
397
843
392
862
405
892
430
870
414
856
410
120
205
1,185
68
59
121
216
1,208
69
59
120
208
1,240
69
60
124
213
1,218
70
59
118
208
1, 239
66
57
125
216
1,261
69
61
115
204
1,237
72
61
126
218
1,286
70
62
126
216
1,284
69
64
125
221
1,294
70
61
125
224
1,307
68
58
131
218
1,304
68
63
125
216
1, 295
66
61
'275
'167
'289
'223
'324
'155
'316
'150
'313
'152
'311
'149
'310
'136
'307
' 138
'308
'152
'314
159
319
47
15
47
15
46
15
43
14
44
14
47
16
43
15
46
15
46
15
44
14
45
14
44
15
47
15
44
43
13
44
44
12
46
43
11
45
42
13
44
43
13
44
43
13
44
43
13
44
44
12
45
42
13
45
42
13
45
42
13
44
43
13
43
44
13
Estimated sales (seas adj.), total 9
Apparel group 9
Men's and boys' wear stores
Women's apparel accessory stores
Shoe stores
Drug and proprietary stores
Eating and drinking places
Furniture homefurnishings stores
General-merchandise group 9
do
Department stores
do
Dry-goods, other general-merchandise stores
mil. of dol__
Variety stores
do
Grocery stores
do
Lumber building-materials dealers
do
Tire battery accessory stores
do
Department stores:
Accounts receivable, end of month: cf
Charge accounts
1947-49—100
Installment accounts
do
Ratio of collections to accounts receivable:
Charge accounts
percent
Installment accounts
do
Sales by type of payment:
Cash sales
percent of total sales
Charge account sales
do
Installment sales
do
' 152
' 183
'322
' 149
'311
128
148
212
95
92
111
113
121
119
101
113
131
'127
\tlanta
Boston
Chicago
Cleveland
Dallas
Kansas City
do
do
do
do
do
do
154
115
' 125
125
165
141
147
147
155
142
255
206
204
205
247
211
113
87
91
91
114
93
114
84
87
90
111
92
146
91
109
106
134
112
136
106
110
109
132
117
143
112
119
114
143
124
131
114
121
113
130
119
128
84
97
98
129
107
140
95
113
110
138
124
152
125
132
127
' 139
128
v 1.50
P 115
P123
P 122
P 142
P 129
Minneapolis
New York
Philadelphia
Richmond
St Louis
San Francisco
do
do
do
do
do
do
126
116
' 126
135
' 127
126
139
159
164
149
145
180
194
213
237
208
217
83
90
90
95
95
100
84
85
91
96
'96
97
95
98
111
125
' 116
110
109
97
109
122
115
117
113
108
120
136
129
120
105
111
117
128
117
120
91
83
88
111
104
115
111
90
100
122
' 118
126
137
122
131
144
' 130
128
P
P
P
P
P
P
do _
122
122
123
124
118
122
122
122
124
128
128
129
do
do
do
do
do _
do
148
114
142
116
121
118
136
124
147
114
121
119
147
124
147
111
120
117
144
123
143
111
112
116
139
117
143
102
124
116
144
126
144
111
117
120
144
124
146
112
120
118
145
125
147
114
124
118
143
124
160
116
123
128
152
130
156
118
126
121
148
131
157
117
127
127
'139
128
Sales, unadjusted, total U. S.J.._
. . 1947-49 =100__
Sales, seasonally adjusted, total U. S.t
Atlanta
Boston
Chicago
Cleveland
Dallas
Kansas City
' 149
131
' 141
' 119
120
r 141
125
,157
113
120
124
144
131
131
' 122
-
P129
P144
P 114
P 117
P 118
P 134
P123
112
112
112
114
129
116
116
109
110
108
113
110
p98
Minneapolis
do
104
110
120
109
114
P112
115
117
105
107
116
110
110
New York
do
121
121
122
125
119
124
120
121
118
116
127
120
P118
Philadelphia
do ._
135
132
134
140
r 133
138
129
140
145
134
137
131
P136
Richmond
do
129
' 127
'123
' 129
123
119
129
122
124
125
P 119
135
127
St Louis
do
122
129
124
131
126
'127
128
132
131
131
125
123
*130
San Francisco
do
' Revised.
*> Preliminary.
9 Includes data not shown separately.
cf Data revised for period beginning December 1948; not comparable with former series. Unpublished revisions (prior to October 1955) will be shown later.
tData for 1946-55 have been revised to reflect current seasonal patterns and to allow for changes in the samples used in computing the unadjusted indexes. Revisions beginning with 1946
for total United States appear on p. 24 of the October 1955 SURVEY; unpublished revisions for the districts are available upon request.
SURVEY OF CURRENT BUSINESS
December 105G
Unless otherwise stated, statistics through 1954 and
descriptive notes are shown in the 1955 edition of
BUSINESS STATISTICS
S-ll
1955
1956
DecemOctober November
ber
January
February
March
April
May
June
July
August
Septem- October November
ber
DOMESTIC TRADE—Continued
RETAIL TRADE— Continued
Department stores — Continued
Stocks, total U. S., end of month :J
Unadjusted
Seasonally adjusted
-
1947-49=100..
- _
do
148
131
119
134
123
137
131
138
139
135
142
136
139
134
131
137
130
138
138
141
'145
139
v 159
p 142
Mail-order and store sales:
Total sales, 2 companies
Montgomery Ward & Co
Sears Roebuck <k Co
thous. of dol__ 414, 688 r 431, 807
_ _ do .. 103, 018 ••110,280
311,670 321, 527
. do .
570, 391
146, 155
424, 236
286, 607
58, 523
228, 084
279, 770
62, 142
217, 628
348, 888
83, 275
265, 612
376, 929
96, 505
280, 424
411, 143
93, 587
317, 556
426, 197
97, 221
328, 976
355, 917
79, 888
276, 030
421, 668
94, 813
326, 855
405, 229
94, 412
310, 817
440, 456
112, 898
327, 558
145
'130
482, 564
120, 131
362 433
WHOLESALE TRADE
g*ilr»s estimated
(unadj ), total
I )urable-t r oods establishments
Nondurable-goods establishments
mil. of dol
do
do
Inventories estimated (unadj ), total
Durable-goods establishments
Nondurable-goods establishments
do
do
do
10, 500
3 590
6,910
10, 600
3 530
7,070
10, 180
3,410
6,770
9,360
3,120
6,240
9.540
3,230
6,310
10, 240
3, 540
6, 700
9,900
3, 530
6,370
10, 650
3 790
6, 860
10, 500
3 790
6,710
10 060
3 500
6 560
11, 120
3 780
7,340
' 10, 430
3, 560
r
6, 870
11, 700
3 940
7, 760
12, 600
6,060
6, 540
12, 620
6,060
6,560
12, 290
6, 080
6,210
12, 480
6,280
6, 200
12, 570
6,470
6, 100
12,620
6,680
5,940
12, 620
6, 780
5,840
12, 500
6, 760
5, 740
12, 370
6,710
5 660
12, 630
6, 590
6 040
12,830
6,530
6,300
13, 110
6,600
6,510
13, 500
6,630
6,870
EMPLOYMENT AND POPULATION
POPULATION
Population, continental United States:
Total, incl. Armed Forces over seas cf
thousands. . 166, 056
166, 307
166, 540
166, 766
166, 995
167, 211
167, 440
167, 649
167, 858
168, 091
168, 360
168, 638
168, 921
169, 177
Noninstitutional population, estimated number 14
years of age and over, total©
. .thousands. . 117, 749
EMPLOYMENT
Total labor force, including Armed Forces
Civilian labor force, total
Employed
Agricultural employment
Nonagricultural employment
Unemployed
_
Not in labor force
._ _
117, 864
117, 995
118,080
118, 180
118,293
118,367
118, 537
118, 632
118, 762
118, 891
119, 047
119, 198
119, 344
do
70, 250
70, 164
69, 538
68, 691
68, 396
68, 806
69, 434
70,711
72, 274
72, 325
71, 787
70, 896
70, 905
70, 560
do _
do
do
do
_ do
67, 292
65, 161
7 905
57, 256
2,131
67, 206
64, 807
6 920
57, 887
2,398
66, 592
64, 165
5 884
58, 281
2,427
65, 775
62, 891
5 635
57, 256
2, 885
65, 490
62, 576
5 469
57, 107
2,914
65, 913
63, 078
5 678
57, 400
2,834
66, 555
63, 990
6 387
57, 603
2, 564
67, 846
65, 238
7 146
58 092
2,608
69, 430
66, 503
7 876
58, 627
2,927
69, 489
66, 655
7,700
58, 955
2,833
68, 947
66, 752
7,265
59, 487
2,195
68, 069
66, 071
7,388
58,683
1,998
68, 082
66, 174
7,173
59, 000
1,909
67, 732
65, 269
6, 192
59, 070
2, 403
do .
47, 499
47, 701
48, 457
49, 388
49, 784
49, 488
48, 933
47, 826
46, 357
46, 437
47, 105
48, 151
48, 293
48, 783
51, 125
17, 006
9, 761
7,245
51, 262
17, 052
9 864
7,188
51, 996
17,027
9 886
7,141
50, 284
16, 842
9,811
7,031
50 246
16, 824
9 776
7,048
50, 499
16,764
9, 730
7,034
50, 848
16, 769
9,795
6,974
51 197
16,715
9 747
6 968
51, 709
16, 809
9,764
7,045
50, 896
16, 291
9,277
7,014
51, 881
17, 034
9,743
7,291
' 52, 261
' 17, 121
' 9, 788
' 7, 333
778
105
32
219
783
105
33
221
783
106
33
222
111
106
33
223
780
107
34
225
783
107
32
223
790
109
31
223
786
108
27
224
812
111
32
226
746
85
31
183
817
109
32
228
'818
' 112
312
110
3,031
4,121
1,235
114
794
715
43
563
315
109
2 921
4, 139
1 226
113
802
735
42
563
316
10(5
2 756
4, 161
1 229
113
807
738
43
563
310
105
2 588
4,083
1 193
112
780
737
43
561
310
105
2 588
4,083
1 188
110
111
743
42
5(51
314
107
2,669
4, 106
1 189
111
785
748
43
5(53
315
111
2, 853
4, 121
1 196
111
783
753
43
565
315
113
3 040
4,138
1 208
110
784
755
43
567
329
115
3,257
4,181
1,223
110
791
761
43
577
333
115
3,270
4,148
1,173
109
789
778
43
585
332
116
3,353
4,178
1,185
108
800
780
43
585
10 990
2,912
8,078
1, 465
1,512
815
11 213
2, 946
8, 267
1 595
1, 539
822
11 849
2, 964
8, 885
1, 984
1,570
836
10 920
2 925
7, 995
1,397
1 , 546
810
10 81()
2 924
7, 895
1 333
1 551
811
10 931
2, 926
8, 005
1,384
1,553
800
10 928
2,920
8,008
1 , 370
1, 557
804
10 985
2 920
8,065
1 395
1, 567
801
11 091
2,955
8,136
1,382
1, 578
801
11,015
2,974
8,041
1,340
1, 575
802
11,047
3,002
8,045
1,347
1, 569
796
2,241
5,915
479
334
167
7 043
2, 238
5,883
471
333
166
7 033
2 243
5, 853
466
331
163
7 324
2, 238
5, 803
458
331
162
7 033
2 250
5.818
467
329
161
7 084
2, 205
5, 859
4(58
330
103
7 122
2,278
5,979
2 289
6, 041
492
335
109
7 203
2 320
6,089
521
339
173
7 150
2,342
6,137
580
342
167
6 947
2,355
6, 137
583
337
102
6 960
Employees in non agricultural establishments:!
Total, unadjusted (U. S. Dept. of Labor)
.-do
Manufacturing
.
__ do
1 )urable-goods industries
do
Nondurable-goods industries
_ _ __ do _ _
Mining total
do
Metal
do _ _
Anthracite
... - --do
Bituminous coal
do
Crude-petroleum and natural-gas production
thousands Nonmetallic mining and quarrying- do_ _
Contract construction
do
Transportation and public utilities 9 - _ .
do ._
Interstate railroads
do
Local railways and bus lines.
__do
Trucking and warehousing*
do
Telephone
do
Telegraph
do
Gas and electric utilities
. -do
Wholesale and retail trade
Wholesale trade
Retail trade9
General-merchandise stores
Food and liquor stores
Automotive and accessories dealers
Finance, insurance, and real estate Service and miscellaneous 9
Hotels and lodgin^ places
Laundries
_
Cleaning and dyeing plants
Government
Total seasonally adjusted f
Manufacturing
Durable-goods industries.
Nondurable -goods industries
do
do ._
do
do
-do. _.
do
_ do
do
do
_ - do
do
do
do
do
--do _
do _
Mining
_ _
do
Contract construction
do _
Transportation and public utilities- _ __ _ _ d o
Wholesale and retail trade
do
Finance, insurance, and real estate
- do
Service and miscellaneous
do
Government
do _ _
Production workers in manufacturing industries:
Total (U. S. Dept. of Labor) f
~- thousands..
Durable-goods industries
do
Ordnance and accessories--.
._ do. _.
50, 594
16 810
9, 71 9
7,091
50, 745
16 941
9,815
7 126
50 948
16 975
9, 850
7 125
51,080
16 944
9, 833
7 111
51
16
9
7
778
2,833
4,110
10, 921
2,252
5 886
7,004
779
2,822
4,128
10 953
2.249
5 913
6 960
779
2 827
4, 136
11 020
2 254
5 942
7 015
111
2 876
4, 145
11 083
2, 261
5 952
7 042
780 i
2 924 :
4, 131
11 105
2 273
5 967
7 068
13, 440
7 721
89
13, 487
7 829
89
13, 451
7 838
87
13,260
7 751
87
127
51 057
879 I 10 804
766 I 9, 703
113 ! 7 101
13,212
7 692
86
783
2
900
4, 127
11 027
2, 270
5 979
7 095
13, 125
7 621
84
4.S6
331
105
7 130
' 52, 421 p52, 418
* 17, 222 pl7, 127
' 9, 960 no, 015
' 7, 262 p7, 112
r
r 231
'327
r
320
' 115
T
3, 298
' 4, 174
' 1, 189
107
820
708
43
573
r 116
3, 340
' 4, 179
1, 189
108
809
773
43
580
r
2, 308
p2, 308
' 6, 044 p(), 003
476
333
107
' 7 277 p" 325
T
r
512
334
r
105
1 213
51 454
16 909
9, 706
7 143
51 600
16 877
9,752
7 125
51,003
16 460
9, 392
7 068
51, 702
16 890
9,784
7,106
798
3 003
4, 128
11 120
2 278
5 979
7 103
794
3 055
4, 141
11 110
2 289
5 981
7 175
808
3 132
4, 164
11 162
2 297
5 999
7 161
750
3 056
4, 117
11 152
2, 296
6 017
7 155
809
3 076
4,147
11 211
2,320
6 017
7 232
r
r
814
810
T
3 078
3 082
r
4, 149 r 4 103
' r 11 104 T11 217
2 321
2 320
13, 245
7 541
80
r
13 078
7 602
83
12, 514
7 081
82
P113
"3, 180
p4, 102
T
2,321
r 6, 105
51, 327
1(5 918
9, 799
7 119
13, 036
7 613
83
P234
' r11 164r r11 288 pll 498
p3, 040
3, 003
3, 023
r
8, 161
' 8, 205 P8, 452
' 1, 424 r 1, 474
P!, 598
>• 1, 579
' 1, 603 P!, 022
p~90
789
'787
r
r
13,114
7 674
84 1
P809
Pll2
810
' 111
33
'232
r32
51, 676
16 864
9, 779
7 085
r
r
'r 51 809 p51
17 027 Pl7(
r
9, 922
pJ
r
7 105
p7
r
r
r f, Q15
r
r 5 014
r
1 271
13 335
r 7 583
'^82
r
1 230
p3
p4
pll
p2
pfi
P7
886
020
908
052
P805
078
151
232
320
033
247
13 448 pl3 338
r 7 758
p7 795
' 81
P81
r
Revised. * Preliminary, t See corresponding note on p. S-10. cf Revised estimates for July 1953-December 1954 are available upon request.
9 Includes data for industries not
shown.
® Data beginning May 1956 are derived from an expanded sample of about 35,000 households in 330 areas. Data through April 1956 from the previous sample can be used as a continuous
series with the estimates beginning May 1956 but some allowance should be made for the sample expansion in interpreting April-to-May net changes. Figures for May 1956 based on former
sample, in order as shown above (thous.): 118,537; 70,604; 67,739; 65,159; 7,160; 57,999; 2,580; 47,933. Beginning July 1955, estimates relate to the calendar week which contains the 12th of the
month (except December 1955 estimates which cover the week of Dec. 4-10); earlier data relate to the calendar week containing the 8th of the month.
t Data beginning 1954 for employment, hours, and earnings have been adjusted to the 1st quarter 1955 benchmark and are not comparable with previously published figures. Revised data
for 1954-April 1955 may be obtained, within the next few weeks, upon request to the 17. S. Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics, Division of Manpower and Employment Statistics.
*New series. Figures relate to establishments primarily engaged in local or long-distance trucking, transfer, and draying services or in the storage of farm products and other goods-
SUEVEY OF CUERENT BUSINESS
S-12
1955
Unless otherwise stated, statistics through 1954 and
descriptive notes are shown in the 1955 edition of
DecemNovemOctober
BUSINESS STATISTICS
ber
ber
December 19.16
1956
January
February
March
April
May
June
July
August SeptemOctober November
ber
EMPLOYMENT AND POPULATION—Continued
|
EMPLOYMENT— Continued
Production workers in mfg. industries— Continuedf
Total (U. S. Dept. of Labor)— Continued
Durable-goods industries — Continued
Lumber and wood products (except furniture)
thousands- Sawmills and planing mills
do ...
Furniture and
fixtures
do
Stone, clay, and glass products
-- do_
Primary metal industries 9
do
Blast furnaces, steel works, and rolling mills
thousands
Primary smelting and refining of nonferrous
metals
_ thousands
Fabricated metal prod, (except ordnance, machinery, transportation equipment)
thousands^ _
Machinery (except electrical)
-do _
Electrical machinery
do
Transportation equipment 9
-do __
Automobiles
_ . _
do .
Aircraft and parts
do
Ship and boat building and repairs
do
Railroad equipment
do
Instruments and related products
do _
Miscellaneous mfg industries
do
705
373
327
481
1,118
685
364
327
480
1, 133
654
353
325
474
1, 141
635
346
322
468
1, 141
635
348
322
466
1 138
619
344
318
472
1 130
642
350
315
478
1 136
667
359
311
480
1 117
696
369
311
484
1 118
688
366
304
473
743
700
368
316
482
1,091
559
564
567
567
567
563
568
557
564
211
552
53
54
54
54
54
55
55
55
56
57
54
922
1,206
880
1,344
688
503
101
44
230
420
932
1,225
866
1,446
784
510
100
44
230
418
928
1,250
868
1,471
796
516
105
46
231
408
913
1,261
854
1,449
772
517
106
46
230
392
899
1,274
849
1,392
713
519
106
46
231
400
893
1,281
842
1, 354
678
512
110
47
231
398
895
1,292
874
1,332
655
512
110
48
231
394
881
1,281
872
1,295
613
513
113
48
231
395
870
1,278
866
1,269
574
523
116
47
231
395
825
1,254
854
1,250
561
523
114
44
229
381
864
1,257
878
1, 235
541
535
107
43
233
404
5,719
1,200
265
73
264
175
124
5,658
1,139
269
71
204
175
120
5,613
1,079
270
69
161
175
116
5, 509
1,022
264
67
141
170
no
5,520
1,013
259
68
140
169
110
5,504
1,021
262
71
140
169
115
5 440
1,023
256
74
147
170
117
5,423
1,051
258
77
159
172
120
5,476
1,104
262
81
188
175
129
5,433
1,158
265
83
238
174
132
5,704
1,276
268
81
353
175
127
118
992
439
211
104
998
441
212
101
1,000
443
208
95
991
443
203
90
989
440
205
82
981
438
203
79
971
436
200
80
963
432
202
80
960
432
204
77
922
414
198
103
950
426
206
1,108
465
232
1, 120
466
234
1,122
465
234
1, 105
458
232
1,131
456
230
1,116
457
231
1,068
460
232
1,049
462
234
1,049
466
238
1,020
461
236
1,082
469
239
542
555
217
173
130
224
92
342
220
547
555
218
172
130
228
94
330
209
545
556
219
171
130
?31
94
346
226
538
556
220
171
130
230
94
345
228
540
558
221
170
129
225
93
350
230
545
566
221
172
130
291
93
344
227
547
569
221
171
130
219
92
332
218
547
559
220
172
130
216
92
325
214
549
552
219
175
132
209
90
334
219
544
544
213
170
134
208
90
330
216
550
549
217
178
135
211
90
338
219
Production workers in manufacturing industries,
seasonally adjusted:
Total f
- thousands. _
Durable-goods industries
do
Nondurable-goods industries
do
13.250
7,680
5 570
13.379
7,781
5 598
13, 399
7,800
5 599
13, 356
7,770
5, 586
13, 263
7,681
5 582
13,158
7,594
5 564
13, 251
7, 675
5 576
13, 224
7,633
5,591
13, 149
7,592
5,557
12, 693
7,197
5,496
Production workers in manufacturing industries:
Indexes of employment: f
Unadjusted
._- 1947-49 = 100-Seasonally adjusted
do
108.7
107.1
109.0
108.2
108. 7
108.3
107.2
108. 0
106. 8
107. 2
106.1
106.4
106.0
107.1
105.4
106.9
105.7
106.3
101.2
102.6
107.1
106.0
2, 142. 2 12,410.0
209 6 1 214.6
2. 130. 0
207.6
2,134.0
207. 9
2,135.8
207.9
2, 142. 1
207.8
2, 150. 0
207.6
2, 166. 6
211.7
2, 182. 0
212.8
1,107
1,103
1.078
1,075
1,075
1,083
1,097
1,110
83.6
85.5
83.0
84.8
81.1
80.3
80.7
80.8
80.7
81.4
81.3
82.4
82.4
81.3
83.4
81.6
163.8
163.7
159.1
157.7
157.9
158.2
157.3
158.2
Nondurable-goods industries
Food and kindred products 9
Meat products
Dairy products
_
Canning and preserving
Bakery products
Beverages
do
dO-__
do
do___
do
do_ _
do
Tobacco manufactures
do
Textile-mill products 9
do
Broad-woven fabric mills
do
Knitting mills
do
Apparel and other finished textile products
thousands. .
Paper and allied products
do
Pulp, paper, and paperboard mills
do
Printing, publishing, and allied industries
thousands-.
Chemicals and allied products
do
Industrial organic chemicals
do
Products of petroleum and coal
do.
Petroleum refining
do
Rubber products
do
Tires and inner tubes
do
Leather and leather products
do.. _.
Footwear (except rubber)
do
Miscellaneous employment data:
Federal civilian employees (executive branch):
2, 146. 1
United States continental
thousands
209. 6
Washington D C metropolitan area
do
Railway employees (class I steam railways):
1.115
Total
thousands
Indexes:
84.2
Unadjusted
1947-49 = 100-86.0
Seasonally adjusted
do
'681
'359
r
321
' 478
' 1 126 '
'572
' 59
' 665
352
' 322
'485
1 132 v
P635
» 316
M81
1 135
569
58
'885
'911
1, 267
891
' 916
' 1, 205 ' 1,319
602
' 504
555
' 545
109
' 107
44
41
'235
'238
423
'415
P917
p 1, 273
v 919
p 1,385
r 1, 262
r
p239
MH
' 5, 752 ' 5, 690 p 5 543
' 1,312 r 1 222 p 1, 122
273
'269
73
77
286
'390
176
' 174
125
123
' 113
'949
'423
205
' 112
' 952
425
207
p99
"950
' 1. 079 ' 1,092
'470
'470
237
'238
' 557
553
'215
'176
' 133
' 215
92
'329
'212
p 1,078
p 470
v 564
P 550
' 556
215
175
133
f 2°1
92
r 32!)
210
p 174
P 208
"329
13,115 ' 13, 080 ' 13, 256 p 13, 230
7, 583 ' 7, 571 ' 7. 720 p 1 746
5,532 ' 5, 509 ' 5 536 p 5 484
' 107. 8
' 105. 7
' 108. 7
' 107. 2
2, 181. 1
211.9
2, 169. 1
2, 175, 9
210. 1
1,058
1,071
1,075
1, 075
80.0
78. 3
80.4
79.0
80.7
80.5
?80,7 i
151.0
161.4
209.2
p 107. 8
p 107.0
l
P 82. 4 i
1, 062
P 79. 7
P 81. 5
PAYROLLS
Manufacturing production-worker payroll index, unadjusted (U. S. Dept. of Labor) f
1947-49 = 100.-
161.1
' 165. 8
' 168, S p 167. 9
LABOR CONDITIONS
Average weekly hours per worker (U. S. Dept. of
Labor):f
40.2
40.3
40.1
40.7
' 40. 7i P 40. 6
40.3
40.1
40.5
40.4
41.3
40.7
41.2
41.1
All manufacturing industries
hours
2.6
2.7
2.7
3.1
2.6
'3. 1
3.0
2.7
2.8
2.7
p3. 0
Average overtime*
_ _ _ do
40.8
40.8
41.4
40.8
40.7
' 41. 5 p 41. 5
41.2
41.0
41.1
42.0
40.9
41.7
41.8
Durable-goods industries
do
2.9
2.8
2.9
3.3
p 3.4
2.8
'3.3
3.1
3.0
2.9
2.9
Average overtime*
do
41.2
'42.1
42,4
41.8
41.6
p 42.6
41.7
41.3
41.3
41.3
41.8
41.6
41.0
41.3
Ordnance and accessories
do
Lumber and wood products (except furniture)
41.4
'40.9
40.
8
40.5
P39.8
40.3
40.2
40.1
39.9
40.0
39.6
40.4
41.0
41.1
hours- 40.7
41.2
40. 5
41.1
• 40.5
40.3
40.0
40.6
40.1
41.5
41.4
41.6
39.8
Sawmills and planing mills
do
39.9
41.1
'41.3
40.2
40.3
p40.
2
40.2
'41,6
41.1
41.0
42.4
42.0
40.8
42.3
Furniture and
fixtures
- _ _ do
41.5
'41.1
41.3
'41.4
41.4
41.0
41.1
41.0
41.0
Ml. 2
41.6
41.9
40.9
41.9
Stone, clay, and glass products
do
41.0
41.2
40.9
39.7
41.2
'40.8
P
41.
1
41.1
41.0
40.3
41.6
41.6
41.9
41.9
Primary metal industries 9
do
Blast furnaces, steel works, and rolling mills
40.6
40.7
38.7
'41.2
40.5
40.4
40.3
38.9
40.4
40.6
41.3
41.8
40 7
hours
Primary smelting and refining of nonferrous
41.3
41.3
40.8
41.6
41.2
41.2
41.7
41.6
40 9
41 5
41 2
41 3
41 1
metals
hours
Fabricated metal prod, (except ordnance, ma40.8
41.0
40.7
'41.7
41.8
41.1
41.0
40.8
Ml. 2
41.1
42.2
41.9
40.9
41.9
chinery, transportation equipment)
hours. .
42.2
'42.2
'42.1
42.0
41.7
41.7
42.5
42.4
Ml. 8
43.2
42.6
42.7
42.4
42.3
Machinery (except electrical)
do
' Revised.
» Preliminary.
i Includes Post Office employees hired for Christmas season; there were about 280,000 such employees in continental U. S. in December 1955.
fSee note'marked "i" on p. S-ll.
9 Includes data for industries not shown.
*New series. Overtime hours (in excess of hours for either the straight-time workday or workweek) for which premiums were paid. Weekend and holiday hours are included only if premium wage rates were paid; hours for which only shift differential, hazard, incentive, or other types of premiums were paid are excluded. Data prior to January 1956 are not available.
SURVEY OF CUEEENT BUSINESS
December 1956
S-13
1955
Unless otherwise stated, statistics through 1954 and
descriptive notes are shown in the 1955 edition of
BUSINESS STATISTICS
1956
DecemOctober November
ber
January
February
March
April
May
June
July
August
Septem- October
ber
November
EMPLOYMENT AND POPULATION—Continued
LABOR CONDITIONS— Continued
Average weekly hours per worker, etc. — Continued!
All manufacturing industries— Continued
Durable-goods industries— Continued
Electrical machinery
hours..
Transportation equipment 9
do
Automobiles
_
_ . _ _ do _
Aircraft and parts
_
_do___
Ship and boat building and repairs
do
Railroad equipment ._
__ _
_ do
Instruments and related products
do
Miscellaneous mfg. industries
_ _ _ do _
41.6
41.5
41.9
41.5
39.0
39.8
41.4
41.3
41.6
42 7
44.1
41.6
38.3
40.2
41.5
41.1
41.5
41 9
42.1
42.2
39.7
41.2
41 4
41.2
40.9
40 6
39 9
42.0
39 0
40.5
40 8
40.5
40.6
39 9
38.4
42.0
39 3
40.4
41 0
40.6
40.7
40 4
39 5
41.7
39 4
41 0
40 8
40 4
41.0
40 6
39 9
41.7
39 8
40 8
41 1
40 5
40.7
39 6
37 6
41 8
40 3
40 4
40 8
40 2
40.6
39 9
38 3
41 7
40 1
40 2
40 6
40 1
40.1
40.8
39.9
41.9
40.0
41.0
40.5
39.6
40.5
40.8
39.7
42.2
39.9
38.5
40.7
40.2
'41.1
••41.3
40.6
'42.3
39.8
'40.7
'41.0
MO. 3
'41.2
' 42 0
42.1
42.3
39.8
40.5
'41.0
40.8
*41. 1
P 43 4
p 40 8
p 40. 5
Nondurable-goods industries
Average overtime*
Food and kindred products 9
Meat products
Dairv products
Canning and preserving
Bakery products
Beverages
..do
do
__do_._
do
_ _ _ d o ._
do
do
do
40.3
40.3
40.4
39.6
25
40 6
41 6
42 7
37 5
40 3
39 9
39
2
40
40
42
37
40
40
2
4
2
3
3
3
3
0
39
2
40
40
42
38
40
40
1
3
6
8
8
4
7
2
39 2
2 4
41 2
41 8
43 6
39 0
40 9
40*8
'39.8
41.8
44 5
42.6
38 3
40 8
39 9
39.8
2 5
40.7
41 3
42.8
38 4
40 5
39 8
39.6
41.5
44.5
42.5
36 5
40 9
39 9
39.9
2 7
41.5
43 8
42.7
38 8
40 4
39 7
39.4
41.6
42.8
43.0
39 9
41 0
40 0
41.2
41.5
43.4
39.7
41 0
41.3
41.4
41.0
42.7
42.0
40 5
40.8
'42.2
r
42.8
42.9
'42.9
40.9
'39.9
'39.8
'2.7
'41.2
41.6
42.3
40.7
40.7
39.7
p39. 3
p 2. 5
P 40. 1
Tobacco manufactures
Textile-mill products 9
Broad-woven fabric mills
Knitting mills
do
_.do
do
do
41.2
40.8
41.2
39 4
38.2
41.2
41 6
39 6
39 2
41.2
41 8
38 9
38
40
41
37
36
40
41
38
37
39
40
37
37
39
40
36
9
3
2
7
38
38
39
37
8
9
7
2
39
38
39
37
2
7
1
5
38.8
38.7
38.9
37 4
39.1
39.2
39.3
38 0
'40.9
'39.3
39.5
'37.8
'39.6
40.0
40.6
38.3
p 38.3
P 40. 1
37.2
43 5
44.6
37.0
43 5
44 9
37.1
43 6
45 1
36. 5
43 1
44 8
37.4
42 7
44 1
36. 7
43 o
44 4
36. 2
49 8
44 2
35.7
42 4
43 9
35. 5
42 7
44 2
35.8
43 0
44.6
36.5
42 6
43.9
'36.0
'43.0
44.1
36.5
43.0
44. 1
p 35. 6
p 42 8
39.1
41.5
40 8
41.6
41 4
42.0
42.0
37 6
36.6
39.1
41.7
41 3
41.0
41 0
38.7
41.4
41 2
41 3
41 3
40. 7
40.4
39 0
39.0
38.6
41.3
40 9
40 7
40 5
40 1
39.4
39 5
39.7
39. 0
41.2
40 7
41 2
40 6
39 5
38 9
38 2
38 2
38. 8
41.2
40 8
41 2
41 3
39 9
39.2
36 6
36 0
38.7
41.3
40 q
40 7
40 5
39 9
39 7
36 5
35 8
38.6
41.3
41 3
41 1
40 7
39 5
39 3
37 3
36 7
38.6
41.1
41.0
41.8
41. 5
39. 7
39.1
38.0
37.9
38.8
40.9
40 7
40.9
40. 5
40.2
40.0
37.6
37.1
39.0
'41.4
'41.1
'41.7
'41.4
'40.5
'40.2
' 36. 9
'36.0
' 39. 2
'41.2
40.8
' 40. 9
40. 6
' 40. 8
40.2
' 36. 8
35.7
P 38. 9
P 41. 3
42 A
42.0
37 9
37.0
39.6
41. 8
41 4
41 0
41 0
41 3
39.8
39 1
38.8
42.8
35 7
37.4
42.4
32 9
36.1
43.0
34 6
39.6
43.2
35 1
38.6
42.5
33 3
38. 5
41 9
°8 3
3S 2
42 4
30 9
37 8
43 2
29 2
38 0
49 7
33 7
38 1
42.3
35 6
36.1
40.1
33 3
37.0
42.6
33.8
'37.9
41.9
35 2
37.8
41.0
45 6
37.3
41.4
36.3
40.4
44.8
35.4
38 6
34.7
40.4
44 0
36.7
39 4
36.1
42.0
43 0
35.6
38 5
35.1
40.3
43 5
36. 0
38 7
35. 5
40 4
43 0
35. 0
37 5
34. 6
41.3
44 4
36 5
39 2
30 0
40.3
45 1
37.2
40 7
36. 5
40
45
38
42
37
0
9
1
3
2
41.9
45.6
37.9
42.4
37.0
40.6
45.2
38.1
42.4
37.2
'42.4
45.8
38.4
'42.8
37.4
40.4
45.7
38.3
42.5
37.4
42.4
39.9
42.2
41 6
42.9
40.2
41.9
41 5
43.7
39 7
42.0
41 4
42. 5
39 4
41.7
41 4
42.8
39. 1
41.6
41 1
42.9
39 1
41.7
41 1
42 7
39 1
42. 0
41 3
43.5
39 0
42.6
41 1
43
39
42
41
8
3
3
3
43.3
39 9
42.2
41 4
43.3
39.4
42.5
41 2
' 43. 0
39.9
42.0
41.4
43.5
39.6
42.0
40 9
Apparel and other finished textile products
hours. _
Paper and allied products
do
Pulp, paper, and paperboard mills
do
Printing, publishing, and allied industries
hours. _
Chemicals and allied products
do
Industrial organic chemicals
do
Products of petroleum and coal
__.
do
Petroleum refining
do
Rubber products
_ _ _ _ _ _
do
Tires and inner tubes
__do
Leather and leather products
do
Footwear ''except rubber)
do _ _ _
Nonmanufact unrig industries:
Mining:
Metal __
._
do
-\nthraoite
do
Bituminous coal .
do
Crude-petroleum and natural-gas production:
Petrol< urn and natural-gas production hours
Xonmetallie mining and quarrying
do
Contract construction
do
Non building construction
do
Building construction
do
Transportation and public utilities:
Local faihvavs arid bus lines
do
Telephone
do
Teleuraph
_
do
(jrci^ and electric utilities
do
Wholesale and retail trade:
Wholesale trade
do
Retail trade vexcept eating and drinking places) 9
hours
General-merchandise stores
_
do
Food and liquor stores
do
Automotive 1 and accessories dealers.-do
Service and miscellaneous:
Hotels, year-round
do
Laundries,. _ _ _
_
do
Cleaning and dyeing plants
do
Industrial disputes (strikes and lock-outs):
Beginning in month:
Work stoppages
number
Workers involved.
__ .thousands
In effect during month:
Work stoppages
number
Workers involved
thousands
Man-da vs idle during month _
___
do
U. S. Employment Service placement activities:
Nonagricnltural placements
thousands
Unemployment compensation, State and UCFE programs (Bureau of Employment Security):
Initial claimsc^
thousands
Insured unemployment, weekly averaged1
do
Benefit p:u mcnts'
Bcneficiarie!-, weekly averaged1
- -do
Amount of pavnientsd*
thous. of dol._
Veterans' unemployment allowances:
Initial claims^
thousands
Insured unempiovrm nt, weekly average
do
Beneficiaries, w< eklv average
__
__
do
Amount of i>avinn;fs
thous. of dol_.
1
4
1
8
6
5
0
6
8
9
7
8
2.5
2.5
2.8
40.7
40.7
40 8
40 6
40.3
40 2
40 2
40 3
40 3
40.5
40.3
40.6
40.5
38.8
34.8
38.1
43.7
38.6
34.5
37.8
43.7
39 4
37.1
37.9
44.0
38 6
35.0
37.3
43.7
38.5
34.9
37. 3
43.6
38 4
34.8
37 3
43.8
38 4
34.6
37 2
43.8
38.3
34.4
37.2
43.6
38 7
35. 0
38 1
43.7
39.1
35.5
38.6
43.9
39.1
35.6
38.3
43.7
38.5
34.9
'37.6
'43.6
38.2
34.6
37.2
43.9
41.5
40.6
40.2
41.6
40.3
39.5
41 6
40. 5
39.6
41 2
40.3
38 8
41.0
40.1
38.7
41 2
40. 1
39 0
41 3
40.5
39 9
40 8
40.9
41.2
40 8
40 9
40 7
41 0
40.4
39 6
40 8
39.9
38 1
'41.0
'40.2
'39.8
41.0
40.2
39.8
431
214
242
84
150
61
250
85
250
70
250
50
350
140
450
190
350
115
400
620
350
125
325
150
325
130
654
292
2,470
451
201
2,630
303
178
2,340
350
190
2,000
350
190
2,200
350
175
2,000
450
210
550
280
2,800
500
235
550
710
1,500
2, 100
13, 600
550
725
3,200
1,500
1,000
587
504
431
432
402
450
504
567
558
519
577
591
599
794
800
937
1 193
1,144
1 349
1,491
1 049
1, 535
993
1,359
1, 255
1,178
1 119
1,209
1,059
988
834
1.472
863
761
881
672
70, 091
685
74, 674
861
95, 153
1,202
135, 722
1,309
143, 923
1, 313
151.998
1,219
133, 926
1, 064
1 25, 786
1,072
116, 040
976
111,708
932
112, 207
889
94, 919
20
35
42
4,243
27
37
40
32
47
51
5,230
36
29
61
20
44
59
20
35
44
4,694
29
37
46
i 97
4,132
58 i
Ofi '
6,726 '
73 !
7,050 i
j
936
25
57
72
7.274 ;
984
5, 722
4, 452
41
48
4,970
837
1
550
215
27
i 18
5, 630
4, 499
42
52
33
48
P 36. 6
525
190
878
752
91, 476
1
18
24
30
3, 258
Labor turnovf r in manufacturing establishments:
•p 3 7
4.1
3.3
2.5
3.1
Accession rut*
monthly rate per 100 employees. .
4.1
3.3 ;
3.4
3.1 1
3.3
3.3
3.8
r
4.4
3.5
Separation rate, total
do
"34
3.1
36
3 5 '
3 7
3 0
3 6 i
3 2
3 4
39
3 4
3
3
Discharge
do
.3
.3
.3
.2
.3 j
.3
.3
2
3
1.2
1.2
1.4
Lav-offdo
1.4
1.6 i
1.7 i
1.4
1.6
1.8
1 2
p 1 '2
1.3
1.2
1.8
1.4
Quit_.
do
2 6
1.1
1.4 j
1. 4
1.6
1.3
1 5
16
15
9
2
9
9
9
P ')
.2
.2
.2 i
.2 ;
Militarv arid miscellaneous ._
__
do
1
' Revised.
i Preliminary,
See note marked "§".
1
1
I ni'ie nun
[ oil
0-11.
note iuiuj\i-a
maiki'd "f"
on p.
p. S-ll.
9 Include ? diita for industriess not shown.
shown.
*New
"New series
series. See note on p. S-12.
cfData for tin UCFE program are included in initial claims, beneficiaries, and benefit payments effective January 1955 and in insured unemployment effective March 1955.
^ Beginning Juh 1956, figures include transitional claims which are excluded from earlier data. In June 1956, the number of transitional claims totaled 267.
p 41. 6
P 40. 4
1, 013
SURVEY OF CURRENT BUSINESS
S-14
1955
Unless otherwise stated, statistics through 1954 and
descriptive notes are shown in the 1955 edition of
DecemOctober NovemBUSINESS STATISTICS
ber
ber
December 19.j(j
1956
February
January
March
April
May
June
July
August SeptemOctober November
ber
EMPLOYMENT AND POPULATION—Continued
WAGES
Average weekly gross earnings (U. S. Department of
Labor) :f
\11 manufacturing industries
dollars
Durable-goods industries
_ _
do
Ordnance arid accessories
._ - do
Lumber and wood products (except furniture)
dollars,.
Sawmills and planing mills __ __ _ do
Furniture and fixtures .
do _
Stone, clay, and glass products _ _
do
Primary metal industries 9
_ _
do
Blast furnaces, steel works, and rolling mills
dollars _.
Primary smelting and refining of nonferrous
metals
_
dollars
Fabricated metal prod, (except ordnance, machinery, and trans, equip.)
_
dollars
Machinery (except electrical)
do
Electrical machinery
_ __ _
do
Nondurable-goods industries,
Food and kindred products 9
Meat products
Dairy products
Canning and preserving
Bakery products
Beverages
79.71
86.52
86. 73
78.55
84.87
87.56
78.17
84. 05
88.19
78.78
84. 25
88.80
78.99
85. 49
90.29
79.00
84.86
90.71
79.19
85. 27
91.52
79.00
84. 25
91.74
79.79 1
85. 68
90. 64
71.10
71.80
69.96
78.77
68.28
69.97
69. 30
79.04
68.47
69.89
69.37
79.19
66. 73
67.80
67. 32
78.12
66. 80
67. 37
67.82
77.90
67.72
69. 25
68.47
78. 31
70.22
70.80
67. 13
79.32
71.38
73.26
66.63
80.51
73. 71
75.62
67.70
80.73
72.54
73. 75
67.13
80. 36
74. 93
75. 81
69.87
80. 95
96.10
96.10
97.21
97.63
95. 35
95. 12
96.00
95.53
95. 71
91.48
93. 69
' 100. 12
99.06
99.72
101. 60
103. 25
99.38
99.14
99.79
100. 69
100. 94
96.47
97.14
' 107. 53 104. 49
81.40
88. 60
93. 88
r
r
82. 21 P 82. 42
' 89. 23 p 89. 64
95. 40 v 96. 70
r
r
74. 44 ' 73. 03 p 69. 65
rr 74. 52
73.71
70. 62 ' 71. 55 p 69. 14
' 80. 97 «• 81. 97 P81.99
r 98. 74
p 99. 87
88.37
88.80
89. 64
88.34
88.99
89.86
89.62
90.45
93.41
91.39
85.67
90.10
79.46
85.06
91.16
79.46
85. 06
93. 31
79.68
83. 03
92.66
78.94
83. 02
92.44
78.36
83. 23
92.01
78.96
83. 84
92. 65
80.36
83.23
92.00
80.18
84.46
91.98
79.98
83.64
91.74
79.40
84.25
92.16
80.60
' 87. 99 ' 89. 03 p 87. 34
r 94. 95 r 94. 73 » 9 4 . 4 7
' 83. 02 ' 83. 64 p 83. 43
94.21
98. 05
91.30
84.24
91.54
98.21
104. 96
91.52
82.73
93. 67
95.53
98.09
93.26
86.15
96.41
91. 35
90.97
92.82
84.63
94.77
89.38
87. 55
92.82
85. 28
94.13
90.90
89.67
92.57
86.68
95. 53
91.76
90.97
93. 83
87. 16
95. 88
89.89
85. 73
94.47
88.26
94.54
91.37
88.47
94. 66
89.02
95. 27
93.84
92.97
95. 95
88.80
97.17
94. 25
93.30
97.06
90.17
89.71
' 97. 88 «• 99. 96 p 104. 59
103. 32
.- . _
r 99. 47
' 97. 71 97.71
90.74
90.35
' 97. 68 97.20
do
___ _ . do_ ,.
80.32
69. 38
80.51
69.46
80.73
70.04
79.97
69. 66
80.36
69.43
80.38
69.89
81.38
70.47
81. 19
69.95
80.79
69.77
81.41
68.90
82.21
69.95
' 83. 64 ' 84. 05 p 83. 64
«• 70. 53 ' 72. 22 P71.69
- do
do
do
do
do
do
do
69. 32
73. 22
87.74
72.24
59. 05
71.34
82.00
70.12
74.70
94. 34
71.83
53. 66
71.98
82.19
70.30
75. 66
93. 01
72.42
57. 83
71. 40
82. 59
69.83
76.36
91.54
73.02
59. 36
71.10
82.18
69. 65
74.48
85. 08
73.62
58. 75
72.09
82.78
70.49
75.11
86.11
73.44
59. 63
71. 33
84.59
70.17
74. 37
83. 42
73.18
59. 68
71.73
84.40
70.38
75. 11
84. 46
73.62
60. 67
73.26
84.82
70. 95
76.22
86. 94
75. 86
60. 06
74.03
87.72
71.71
76.22
86.32
75. 95
61.54
74.21
89. 62
71.68
75. 35
84.46
74.30
65. 52
73.71
88. 13
' 72. 83
f 72. 44
' 76. 80 ' 76. 22
' 89. 45 87.36
r 75. 93
74.87
' 67. 35 65.53
74.48
74.85
' 85. 39 85. 36
51 . 09
57. 53
56.44
53. 19
50. 81
58. 50
57. 41
53. 46
53. 70
58. 50
57. 27
52. 52
52. 96
57.37
56. 31
51.79
50. 87
57. 51
56. 17
52.88
55. 57
57. 06
56. 17
53. 30
56. 47
5(5. 20
55. 07
52. 11
58. 20
56. 02
55. 18
52. 82
59. 19
55. 73
53. 96
52. 88
58. 59
55. 73
53. 68
52.73
55.13
56. 45
54.23
53.58
r
56. 03
r 56. 99
' 54. 51
r 53. 68
r
r
50. 59
81. 35
88.31
50. 32
81. 35
88.90
50. 83
81.97
89. 75
50. 37
81. 46
89.60
51 . 61
79.85
87.32
52. 48
81. 27
88.80
51. 77
81.32
88. 40
50. 69
80.98
88. 68
51. 12
82. 41
90.61
51. 91
84.28
93.21
53. 29
83.92
92. 19
r
r
52. 92
84. 71
93. 05
54. 02 ! ^52.33
' 85. 14! ^ 85. 17
93. 49
92.67
83.42
88.13
92. 28
85. 07
90. 03
94. 25
84. 85
90. 25
91.72
84.87
90. 23
91.87
84. 67
89. 57
93. 60
84. 46
89.54
93. 51
85. 28
90. 98
93. 65
86.32
91. 62
93. 80
87.14
93. 34
93.80
87. 54
93.07
94.28
87.12
92.39
' 95. 94
' 88. 18
' 94.12
' 96. 04 P 9 4 . 9 2
' 87. 34 p 87. 97
93. 02
99. 84
103.09
89.04
103. 74
53. 39
49.41
98. 81
102.91
92. 01
106. 26
54. 58
50. 69
98. 40
102 09
89. 21
99. 50
55.91
53. 16
99. 95
1 03. 66
S7.91
101.00
56. 55
54. 21
99. 72
103.68
85. 81
97.71
57. 67
55. 98
103.82
107. 18
81 93
97. 25
56. 92
55. 39
104.65
110.27
85. 79
98. 00
54. 90
52. 20
102. 97
107. 73
86.18
99. 65
54. 75
51. 91
104.81
108. 67
84. 93
98. 25
55. 95
53.22
107. 01
111.22
86. 15
98. 14
57.00
54. 96
103. 89 r 108. 00 r 105.11 1 v 108. 16
107. 73 '111.78
108.81
87. 64 r 89. 51 r 90. 17 ; p 89. 28
101. 20 >• 102. 51
102.91
56. 40 ' 55. 72 r 55. 94 ~p~56.~66~
54.17 r 52. 56
52. 12
97. 58
93. 53
99.86
96. 25
83.90
96. 03
98. 04
88. 23
1 05. 73
98. 93
91.96
104.22
96. 48
85. 58
103. 18
95. 11
71. 32
102.38
96. 67
80. 34
105. 46
98. 50
70. 66
106. 02
97. 36
88. 63
107. 82
96. 02
92. 20
102. 16
92. 63 ' 100. 54
87.25
87. 88
102. 49 T 106. 12
110.38
96. 35
84. 36
98 10
99. 36
98. 01
94. 1 3
82. 43
93. 81
92. 64
94. 04
94. 1 3
80. %
97. 99
94. 95
98.19
99. 96
80. 41
95.41
93.17
96. 17
97. 93
81.35
96. 84
94.43
97.27
99.38
81.27
94. 50
91.88
95.15
103. 25
83. 92
98. 19
94. 8fi
99.00
99. 94
85. 09
100. 44
99. 31
100. 74
99. 60
88. 59
103. 25
104. 90
103. 42
106. 01
88. 01
103. 09
105.15
103. 23
100. 28 r 107. 70
87.69
89.77
104. 78 rr 106.37
106. 42
108. 28
104. 53
10(5. 22
100. fiO
89. 57
106. 86
108. 38
106. 59
80. 56
73. 42
79.34
89. 02
81.51
75. 58
78. 35
89. 23
83. 03
73. 84
78. 96
89. 01
81.60
73. 28
78. 40
89. 42
82.60
71.94
78.21
88. 37
83. 23
71.94
78.81
89.19
83.27
72.34
79. 38
90. 45
84.83
72.15
80. 94
90. 42
80. 85
73. 10
85. 87
91. 69
85. 73
74.21 !
85. 24
92.32
85. 30
72. 89
86. 28
91 . 88
' 85. 14 i
74. 21 i
85. 26 i
r
92. 74 |
78 Q6
78. 95
79. 56
79. 58
78. 99
80.00
80.80
81. 00
81. 41
82 22
81.41
82 82
!
4<9 99
do
do
58. 98
41.76
62. 48 [
79. 10
58. 67
40. 71
62. 37
79. 53
58. 71
43. 04
62. 16
79. 64
59. 44
43. 05
61. 92
79. 10
59. 29
42.58
61.92
78.92
59. 14
42. 1 1
61.92
80. 15
59. 90
42. 90
62. 50
81.03
59. 75
42. 66
62. 87
81.10
61.15
44. 10
64. 39
83. 03
62. 17
44. 73
65. 62
83.41
61. 78
44. 50
64. 73
82. 16
61 22
' 43. 97!
* 64. 30
' 81. 97 j
60. 74
43. 25
63. 98
81.22
do
60. 25
60. 49
60. 83
61. 72
01.01
61.75
61. 89
61. 51
61. 53
62. 11
61. 79
r
61.93
62 50
do
do _
do - -
41.50
41.01
48.24
41. 60
41.11
47. 40
42. 02
41. 31
47. 92
41.61
41.51
47. 34
41.41 !
40. 90 !
47. 21 I
41.20
41.70
47. 97
41. 71
42. 12
49.88
42.02
42. 54
51.91
42.43
42.95
51. 69
42.23 i1
42.42
49.90 :
42. 43
41. 90
48. 39
r
42. 22
4? 64
42. iil
50. 94
-
.do.
do
do
do
do
Tobacco manufactures
do
Textile-mill products 9
do
Broad-woven fabric mills
do
Knitting mills
do
Apparel and other finished textile products
dollars ._
Paper and allied products
do
Pulp, paper, and paperboard mills
do
Printing, publishing, and allied industries
dollars Chemicals and allied products . _ .
do - - .
Industrial organic chemicals
do
Products of petroleum and coal
Petroleum refining
Rubber products
Tires and inner tubes
Leather and leather products
Footwear (except rubber)
- do
do
~do
do
do - _
do
Nonmanufacturing industries:
Mining:
Metal
_. _ . do
4nthracite
do
Bituminous coal
do _
Crude-petroleum and natural-gas production:
Petroleum and natural -gas production
dollars- Nonmetallic mining and quarrying
do
Contract construction
do
Nonbuilding construction
_ _ - __do_
Building construction
do
Transportation and public utilities:
Local railways and bus lines
Telephone
Telegraph
Gas and electric utilities
Wholesale and retail trade:
do
do .
do
do
Retail trade (except eating and drinking places) 9
dollars _ _
Food and liquor stores
Automotive and accessories dealers
Finance, insurance, and real estate:
Banks and trust companies--.
Service and miscellaneous:
Hotels, year-round
Laundries
Cleaning and dveins: olants
r
Revised.
p Preliminary.
fSee note marked "f" on p. S-ll.
9 Includes data for industries not shown.
79 52
85'. 69
86.73
88.99
Transportation equipment 9
\utomobiles
Aircraft and parts
Ship and boat building and repairs
Railroad equipment
Instruments and related products
Miscellaneous mfg. industries.
r
78.50
85. 07
85.28
I
;
1
|
93.94
94.85
r 42. 61
• 50. 94
P72.71
P 76. 19
54. 25 p 55. 15
59. 60 : P 6 0 . 1 5
.58. 46
54. 77
97. 63
94. 34
i
;
85. 70
73. 60
85. 20
92.43
I
SUEVEY OF CUEKENT BUSINESS
December 1956
S-15
1955
Unless otherwise stated, statistics through 1954 and
descriptive notes are shown in the 1955 edition of
BUSINESS STATISTICS
1956
DecemOctober November
ber
January
February
March
April
May
June
July
August
Septem- October November
ber
EMPLOYMENT AND POPULATION—Continued
WAGES— Continued
Average hourly gross earnings (U. S. Department of
Labor) :f
All manufacturing industries
dollars
Excluding overtime* __
do___
Durable-goods industries
do
Excluding overtime*-.
do..
Ordnance and accessories
do
Lumber and wood products (except furniture)
dollars- _
Sawmills and olan ing mills.
do
Furniture and
fixtures
do
Stone, clay, and glass products
- do
Primary metal industries 9
do. _
Blast furnaces, steel works, and rolling mills
dollars
Primary smelting and refining of nonferrous
metals
_.
_ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ dollars.
Fabricated metal prod, (except ordnance, machinery, transportation equipment)., dollars. .
Machinery (except electrical)
do
Electrical machinery
_
do
Transportation equipment 9
Automobiles .
._
Aircraft and parts
Ship and boat building and repairs
Railroad equipment
Instruments and related products.. _ .
Miscellaneous mfg. industries
Nondurable-goods industries
Excluding overtime*
Food and kindred products 9
Meat products.. ___
Dairy products
Canning and preserving ___
Bakery products
Beverages
._
_
do
do _
do
do
do
do. _
do
do
do
do
do
do
... . do
do
do
1.91
1.84
2.04
1.96
2.08
1.93
1.85
2.05
1.97
2.10
1.93
1.85
2.06
1.97
2. 10
1.93
1.87
2.06
1.98
2.12
1.93
1.86
2.05
1.98
2.12
1.95
1.88
2. 06
1.99
2.15
1.96
1.90
2 08
2.00
2.16
1 97
1 90
2 08
2.01
2 17
1 97
1.91
2 09
2.02
2 20
1.97
1.90
2.07
2.01
2.20
1.98
1.91
2. 10
2.03
2.20
r 2 14
1.73
1.73
1.65
1.88
2.31
1.69
1.69
1.65
1.90
2.31
1.67
1.68
1.64
1.89
2.32
1.66
1.67
1.65
1.91
2.33
1.67
1.68
1.65
1.90
2.32
1.71
1.74
1.67
1.91
2.32
1.76
1.77
1 67
1.93
2.33
1.78
1.80
1 67
1.94
2.33
1.82
1 84
1 68
1 95
2.34
1.80
1.83
1. 67
1.96
2.27
1.81
1.84
1.70
1.96
2.36
' 1.82
r 1.84
1 71
1.97
'2.43
2 44
2 45
2 46
2 47
2 46
2 46
2 47
2 48
2 48
2.48
2.51
r
2.16
2.15
2.15
2.16
2.16
2.16
2.16
2.17
2.19
2.24
2.24
2.28
2.28
2.03
2.13
1.91
2.03
2.15
1.91
2.03
2.16
1.92
2.03
2.17
1.93
2.02
2.17
1.93
2.03
2.17
1.94
2.04
2.18
1.96
2.04
2.18
1.97
2.06
2.19
1.97
2.05
2.20
1.98
2.07
2.21
1.99
2.11
2.25
'2.02
' 2. 13
2.25
"-2.03
p2. 12
p 2. 20
p 2. 03
2.27
2.34
2.20
2.16
2.30
1.94
1.68
2.30
2.38
2.20
2.16
2.33
1.94
1.69
2.28
2.33
2.21
2.17
2.34
1.95
1.70
2.25
2.28
2.21
2.17
2.34
1.96
1.72
2.24
2.28
2.21
2.17
2.33
1.96
1.71
2.25
2.27
2.22
2.20
2.33
1.97
1.73
2.26
2.28
2.25
2.19
2.35
1.98
1.74
2.27
2.28
2.26
2.19
2.34
1.99
1.74
2 29
2.31
2 27
2.22
2 37
1.99
1. 74
2.30
2.33
2.29
2.22
2.37
2.01
1.74
2.31
2.35
2.30
2.26
2.33
2.02
1.74
'2.37
'2.45
2.31
2.27
2.40
2.04
' 1.75
'2.38
2. 40
2.31
2.28
2.40
r
P 2.41
1.72
1 67
1.76
2.05
1.68
1.48
1.74
2.05
1.74
1 68
1.80
2.12
1.69
1.47
1. 76
2.06
1.74
1 68
1.81
2.09
1.70
1.51
1.75
2.07
1.75
1 70
1.84
2.09
1.71
1.53
1.76
2.07
1.75
1 70
1.83
2.06
1.72
1.53
1.78
2.08
1.78
1 73
1.85
2.07
1.72
1.59
1.77
2. 12
1.79
1 74
1.85
2.07
1.73
1.60
1. 78
2.11
1.80
1 75
1.85
2.07
1.72
1.58
1.80
2.11
1 81
1 76
1 85
2.08
1.74
1.54
1 81
2.15
1.82
1.77
1.85
2.08
1.75
1.55
1.81
2.17
1.81
1.75
1.82
2.00
1.74
1.56
1.82
2.10
1.82
r
1 76
' 1.82
2.09
r
1.77
' 1.57
1.83
2.14
1.83
1 78
1.85
2.10
1.77
1. 01
1.83
2.15
P 1.85
' 1. 37
' 1.49
1.44
1.43
P 1.44
P 1.50
1.48
1.98
2.12
2.45
P 1.47
P 1.99
2 00
1.93
'r 2. 06
2 23
2 02
1.94
2 15
2.00
r
2 25
J » 2 03
r
» 1.75
r
r
1. 77
1.33
1.42
1.38
1.35
1.37
1.42
1.37
1.35
1.39
1.42
1.37
1.37
1.39
1.42
1.37
1.37
1.47
1.43
1.38
1.41
1.49
1.43
1.37
1.42
1.50
1.44
1.39
1.42
1.51
1.44
1.38
1.41
1.51
1.44
1.38
1.41
1.41
1.44
1.38
1.41
' 1.37
1.45
' 1.38
1.42
1.36
1.87
1.98
2.37
2.01
2 16
1.36
1.87
1.98
2.36
2.04
2 18
1.37
1.88
1.99
2.38
2.03
2 18
1.38
1.89
2.00
2.37
2.05
2 19
1.38
1.87
1.98
2.38
2.05
2 19
1.43
1.89
2.00
2.40
2.05
2 20
1.43
1.90
2.00
2.41
2.07
2 23
1.42
1.91
2.02
2.42
2.09
2 24
1.44
1.93
2.05
2.43
2.11
2 26
1.45
1.96
2.09
2.43
2.13
2 27
1.46
1.97
2.10
2.43
2.13
2.27
1.47
' 1.97
2.11
Products of petroleum and coal
Petroleum refining
Rubber products
Tires and inner tubes
Leather and leather products
Footwear (except rubber)
2.40
2.49
2.12
2.47
1.42
1.35
2.41
2. 51
2.17
2.53
1.44
1.37
2.40
2.49
2.16
2.50
1.43
1.37
2.42
2.51
2.16
2. 50
1.45
1.39
2.45
2.56
2.14
2.48
1.46
1.41
2.52
2.64
2.15
2.50
1.49
1.45
2.54
2.67
2.15
2. 50
1.50
1.45
2.53
2.65
2.16
2.51
1.50
1.45
2. 55
2.67
2.15
2. 50
1.50
1.45
2.56
2.68
2.17
2.51
1.50
1.45
2.54
2. 00
2.18
2. 53
1.50
1.40
' 2. 59
' 2. 70
2.21
2.55
' 1.51
2.28
2.62
2.67
2.27
2.55
2.66
2.28
2. 55
2.67
2.29
2.62
2.70
2.27
2.57
2.68
2.27
2.52
2.68
2.28
2. 60
2. 79
2.28
2.42
2.79
2.28
2.63
2 83
2.27
2.59
2.83
2.31
2. 02
2 77
r 2. 30
2. GO
2. 80
2. 33
2. OH
2. ',)2
2.35
1 85
2.63
2.40
2 70
2.33
1 84
2.65
2.40
2 71
2.33
1 84
2. 67
2.41
2 72
2. 38
1 87
2.68
2.42
2 74
2.43
1 87
2.69
2.44
2 74
2.46
1 89
2.70
2.45
2 75
2.50
1 89
2.69
2 42
2 75
2.48
1 90
2.70
2. 44
2 76
2.49
1 93
2.71
2 48
2 78
2.53
1.93
2.72
2.48
2.79
2.47
1.94
2. 75
2. 51
2.81
' 2. 54
1 90
'2. 77
2 53
2 84
2.49
1 90
2.79
2 55
2 85
1.90
1.84
1.88
2.14
1.90
1.88
1.87
2.15
1.90
1.86
1.88
2.15
1 92
1.86
1.88
2.16
1.93
1.84
1.88
2.15
1.94
1.84
1.89
2.17
1.95
1.85
1 89
2. 19
1.95
1.85
1.90
2.20
1. 96
1.86
2 03
2 22
1.98
1.86
2.02
2.23
1. 97
1.S5
2.03
2.23
r
1.98
1.86
2 03
'2.24
1. 97
3.80
2 03
2.20
1.94
1.94
1.95
1.96
1.96
1.99
2.01
2.01
2.02
2.03
2. 02
2.04
2. OX
1.52
1.20
1.64
1.81
1.52
1.18
1.65
1.82
1.49
1.16
1.64
1.81
1.54
1.23
1.66
1.81
1.54
1.22
1 66
1.81
1. 54
1.21
1.66
1.83
1.56
1.24
1 68
1.85
1.56
1.24
1 69
1.86
1.58
1.26
1 69
1.90
1.59
1.26
1.70
1.90
1.58
1.25
1. 09
1.88
1. 59
' 1.20
r
1 71
r
1.88
1. ,)<)
1.25
1 72
1.85
1.00
1.01
1.20
1.00
1.02
1.20
1.01
1.02
1.21
1.01
1 03
1.22
1.01
1 02
1.22
1.00
1 04
1.23
1 01
1 04
1.25
1 03
1 04
1.26
1 04
1 05
1.27
1.03
1.05
1.2G
1.04
1.05
1.27
T
1 04
1 00
1.28
1 04
1 00
1.28
2.093
3.286
2.094
3.289
2. 097
3.290
2. 107
3. 298
2.117
3. 309
2.117
3.310
2. 123
3.318
2.148
3. 342
2.168
3.366
2.187
3.391
2. 192
3. 412
2. 192
3. 410
2 192
3. 423
77
1. 983
1.72
1.987
2. 001
91
2. 108
1.72
2 127
2 105
89
'? 1J5
1. 70
2.097
2. 115
.91
2. 107
1.70
2. 097
2 143
N on manufacturing industries:
Mining:
Metal
do
Anthracite
__
_.
do
Bituminous coal
do
Crude-petroleum and natural-gas production:
Petroleum arid natural-gas prod
dollars
Nonmetallic mining and quarrying
do
Contract construction
do
Nonbuilding construction
do
Building construction
do
Transportation and public utilities:
Local railways and bus lines __ ___ - do
Telephone
do
Telegraph
do
G a s a n d electric utilities _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ d o
Wholesale and retail trade:
Wholesale trade
do
Retail trade (except eating and drinking places)
dollars .
General-merchandise stores
do
Food and liquor stores
do
Automotive and accessories dealers. . do
Service and miscellaneous:
Hotels year-round
do
Laundries
do
Cleaning and dyeing plants
_ . _ do
Miscellaneous wage data:
Construction wage rates (ENR):§
Common labor _
_
dol. per hr
Skilled labor
do
Farm wage rates, without board or room (quarterly)
dol per hr
Railway wages (average, class I)
do
Road-building wages, common labor _ _ - do
r
T
r
' 1. 46
r
P2.05
P 1.77
2. 05
1.24
1.41
1.37
1.35
_ _ _ do ...
do
_ do
do
_ ___ do
do
v 1 72
p 1 99
p 2 . 43
1.98
2.42
Tobacco manufactures
do
Textile-mill products 9
do
Broad-woven fabric mills. _ _
. _ do
Knitting mills
do
Apparel and other finished textile products
dollars. .
Paper and allied products
do
Pulp paper, and paper board mills
do
Printing, publishing, and allied industries ^do
Chemicals and allied products
do
Industrial organic chemicals
do
' 2 29
v 2 27
1. 79
1.82
1 72
2 58
2 61
2. 46
'2. 13
P 2 10
P 1 . 90
P 2. 44
p 2. 13
2. 12
2 28
'' 2. 00
2. 08
' 2. 21
2 50
1. 52
1.40
" 2. 21
" 1 . 53
2. 192
3.433
8?
!
Revised.
P Preliminary.
fSee note marked "f" on P- S-ll. 9 Includes data for industries not shown.
*New series. Excludes only the earnings for overtime paid for at one and one-half times the straight-time rates after 40 hours a week. No adjustment is made for other premium-payment provisions, o. g., holiday work, late-shift work, and overtime lates other than time and one-half. Data prior to 1955 will be shown later.
.Rates as of December 1,1956; Common labor, $2.192; skilled labor, $3.433.
SUKVEY OF CURRENT BUSINESS
S-16
1955
Unless otherwise stated, statistics through 1954 and
descriptive notes are shown in the 1955 edition of
DecemNovemOctober
BUSINESS STATISTICS
ber
ber
December 1956
1956
January
February
March
April
May
June
July
August
Septem- October November
ber
FINANCE
BANKING
Acceptances and commercial paper outstanding:
Bankers' acceptances
mil. ofdol
Commercial paper
do
Agricultural loans and discounts outstanding of agencies supervised by the Farm Credit Adm.:
Total
.mil. of dol__
Farm mortgage loans: Federal land banks^_ do. __
Loans to cooperatives
,
_ do
Other loans and discounts
do
662
547
642
542
642
510
624
573
667
588
660
560
628
508
643
515
684
476
723
509
772
548
805
549
843
574
2,641
1,464
386
791
2,604
1,477
392
735
2,592
1, 497
374
721
2,617
1,516
374
727
2, 670
1, 541
370
759
2, 726
1,568
355
804
2,791
1,591
348
851
2,848
1,617
334
897
2,924
1, 638
352
934
2, 956
1,656
356
943
2,987
1,675
375
937
2,980
1,689
397
893
2, 966
1,709
441
816
175, 779
67, 568
35, 803
173, 190
63, 406
36, 876
200, 523
81, 027
40, 193
187,364
69, 675
40, 718
162,107
57,413
35, 143
189, 793
73,214
40, 132
176, 760
65, 715
37, 763
185, 584
69, 452
38, 766
186, 540
70, 733
38, 937
181, 284
65, 873
38, 653
183,819
67, 279
38, 206
167, 154
61,223
34, 057
193 140
70, 794
40, 148
185, 207
66, 989
39, 425
50, 221
25, 430
706
24, 024
21, 007
51, 197
25, 776
618
24, 250
21, 002
52, 340
26, 507
108
24, 785
21,009
50, 615
25, 122
852
23, 466
21,010
50, 615
24. 920
632
23 482
21,011
50, 822
25, 761
872
23, 636
21, 036
50, 509
25, 307
1,204
23. 345
21, 051
50, 783
25, 377
1, 160
23, 474
21, 085
50, 717
25, 219
232
23, 758
21,109
50, 327
24, 868
452
23, 438
21. 151
50, 593
25, 480
832
23, 854
21, 179
51, 309
25, 487
664
23, 680
21,197
51, 391
25. 236
538
23, 767
'21,223
52, 145
26, 267
518
24, 385
21 227
50, 221
19 848
18, 565
172
26, 246
51,197
19, 770
18,474
57
26, 629
52, 340
20, 355
19, 005
102
26, 921
50, 615
19 881
18, 750
439
26, 170
50,615
19 651
18, 428
266
26, 029
50, 822
20 311
18, 799
523
26, 098
50, 509
20 097
18, 784
459
25, 971
50, 783
19 904
18, 773
569
26. 168
50, 717
19 575
18, 443
—6
26, 367
50, 327
19, 416
18, 308
204
26, 370
50, 593
19 911
18, 888
511
26, 510
51 , 309
19,927
18, 831
381
26, 546
51, 391
19 734
18,668
'209
26. 567
52, 145
20 209
19,208
P 584
27, 064
45.6
45.3
44.4
45.6
46.0
45. 3
45.7
45.8
45.9
46.2
45.6
45.8
44.9
56, 394
56, 900
58, 882
57, 607
56, 230
55, 733
55, 896
55, 521
56, 210
55, 556
55, 381
54,915
56, 069
56, 632
58, 130
4, 055
2,876
59. 475
3. 971
2,870
62, 166
4, 026
2. 239
58. 946
4,399
1,477
58, 326
4,319
2,391
57, 147
4, 254
4, 342
57, 224
4, 632
3, 343
57,319
4, 451
3, 669
57, 960
4, 367
3,420
57, 492
4, 168
2, 085
57, 026
3,928
3,648
57, 448 :
3, 800 ;
3, 010 i
58, 980 i
2, 303
59, 296
3, 909
2,877
20, 513
Time, except interbank, total 9
do
Individuals, partnerships, and corporations
mil. of dol. . 19, 356
952
States and political subdivisions
do
13,515
Interbank (demand and time)
do
20, 367
20, 527
20, 416
20, 525
20, 633
20, 555
20, 596
20, 859
20, 780
20, 844
20, 921 |
20, 912 ;
20, 640
19, 192
971
13,111
19, 354
969
13. 882
19. 251
963
12.917
19.331
992
12, 526
19, 406
1, 032
12, 691
19, 304
1,072
12, 964
19,378
1, 041
12, 224
19, 652
1, 031
12,966
19,596
1,004
13, 359
19,661
1, 005
12, 909
19, 760
19, 794 !
971
929 1
13, 844 : »• 13, 652
19, 556
898
13, 609
Investments, total- ._
_ do
U. S. Government obligations, direct and guaranteed, total
mil. ofdol
Bills
do. .
Certificates _
do
Bonds and guaranteed obligations _ _
do
Notes
do
Other securities
do
39, 124
38, 006
38, 380
36. 953
36, 526
36. 258
35, 495
34. 824
34, 478
33, 684
34, 421
33. 857 !
33. 668
33, 746
30, 559
842
1,196
20, 644
7,877
8,565
29, 643
636
824
20. 777
7, 406
8, 363
30 122
1. 535
910
20, 680
6, 997
8, 258
28. 822
1. 044
(508
20, 230
6, 850
8, 131
28, 272
910
586
20, 103
G, 673
8, 254
27 995
837
708
19, 926
6, 524
8, 263
27, 357
753
588
19, 758
6, 258
8,138
26, 873
679
544
19, 600
6,050
7,951
26, 582
683
358
19, 505
6, 036
7.896
25, 978
498
350
19, 242
5, 888
7, 706
26, 576
548
1, 187
19, 123
5,718
7, 845
25, 979 ;
486 !
953
18, 943 :
5, 597 i
7,878
25. &61
Loans (adjusted), total©
do
Commercial, industrial, and agricultural
do
To brokers and dealers in securities .__
do
Other loans for purchasing or carrying securities
mil. ofdol..
Real-estate loans
do
Other loans
do
46, 499
25. 303
2, 689
47. 331
26,014
2, 605
48, 356
26, 673
2, 852
47, 741
26, 290
2.625
47, 694
26, 346
2.422
49. 373
27, 781
2,436
49, 953
28, 053
2,412
49, 900
27, 784
2,435
51, 144
28, 845
2,380
50, 925
28, 734
2,269
51, 120
29, 168
1,948
51, 798
29, 849
1 , 930
1, 245
8, 073
9,926
1,248
8,188
10,015
1,271
8,147
10, 159
1, 302
8, 154
10, 197
1,287
8. 224
10, 259
1,292
8,341
10, 373
1,298
8,430
10, 618
1,277
8, 503
10, 756
1,271
8,606
10, 899
1, 255
8,671
10, 864
1, 235
8, 738
10, 895
1, 230
1,208
8,794
8, 857
10,871 1 r 10. 900
Bank debits total (344 centers)
New York City
6 other centers cf - --
_
-
do
_ do
do
Federal Reserve banks, condition, end of month:
Assets, total 9
do
Reserve bank credit outstanding, total 9
do
Discounts and advances
do
United States Government securities
do
Gold certificate reserves
.__
do__.
Liabilities, total 9
Depo^it^ total 9
Member-bank reserve balances
Excess reserves (estimated)
Federal Reserve notes in circulation
do
do
do
do
_ do
Ratio of gold certificate reserves to deposit and FR
note liabilities combined
percent
Federal Reserve weekly reporting member banks,
condition, Wednesday nearest end of month:
Deposits:
Demand adjusted©
mil of dol
Demand, except interbank:
Individuals, partnerships, and corporations
mil. of dol_ _
States and political subdivisions
_. _ do
United States Government
do
Money and interest rates :§
Bank rates on business loans:
In 19 cities
New York City
11
th
d
3.93
3.76
3 95
4 17
percent
do
psfpm riti *q
do
Discount rate (N Y F R Bankl
Federal intermediate credit bank loans
Federal land bank loans
Open market rates, New York City:
Acceptances prime bankers' 90 days
Commercial 'paper, prime. 4-6 months
Call loans renewal (N Y S E )
Yield on U. S. Govt. securities:
3-month bills
3 5 year taxable issues
: T
4, 007
r
r
;
818
790 ;
18. 895
5, 458
7. 707
26, 141
1, 260
762
1 8, 840
5 279
7, 605
51.992
29, 931
' 1.975 '•
52, 461
30, 407
1,915
1
1, 205
8. 855
10, 956
do
do
do
2.25
2 65
4.17
2.50
3.00
4.17
2.50
3.00
4.17
2.50
3.05
4.17
2.50
3.14
4.17
2.50
3.19
4.17
2.75
3.19
4.17
2.75
3.27
4.17
2.75
3.31
4.29
2.75
3.33
4.33
3.00
3.34
4.33
3.00
3.42
4.46
3.00
3.51
4.46
do
do
do
2 23
2.70
3.50
2.17
2.81
3.55
2.43
2.99
3.63
2.45
3.00
3.63
2.38
3. 00
3.63
2.38
3.00 '
3. 63
2.44
3.14
3.94
2.50
3.27
4.00
2.45
3.38
4.00
2.43
3.27
4.00
2.65
3.28
4. 14
2.88
3.50
4.38
do
do
2 259
2 58
2 225
2.70
2. 564
2.83
2. 456
2.74
2.372
2.65
2.310
2.83
2. 613
3.11
2.650
3.04
2.527
2.87
2.334
2.97
2.606
3.36
2.850
3.43 '
2.88
3. 63 i
4.38
2. 961 i
3.29 !
16, 191
1 925
16, 295
1 908
16, 509
1,891
16, 584
1,869
16, 651
1, 849
16, 795
1,829
16, 795
1,808
16, 900
1,787
17, 092
1,765
17, 098
*• 1, 743
17, 135
P 1,721
17, 227
» 1, 700
17,247
» 1, 682
36, 573
37,114
38, 648
37, 848
37, 474
37, 761
38, 222
38, 919
39, 454
39, 478
39, 878
40, 074
40, 196
do
27, 968
28, 269
29. 020
28, 886
28, 915
29, 112
29, 419
29, 763
30, 084
30, 297
30, 644
30, 707 i
30,811
do
do
do
-do
13, 246
7, 025
1.648
6, 049
13, 326
7,169
1, 661
6, 113 :
13, 468
7, 626
1, 670
6, 256
13, 481
7,487
1,638
G. 280 ;
13, 574
7,371
1 , 628
6, 342
13. 743
7, 300 1
1,631
6, 438
13, 892
7, 337
1, 643
6,547
14, 059
7,401
1,677
6, 626
14,255 !
7, 417 !
1, 700
6, 712 i
14,381
7, 421
1,710 i
6, 785
14, 530
14, 533 ;
7, 497
7,493
1, 734
1,758
6,887 ! 6, 919 ;
14,478
7, 601
1,781
6, 951
Savings deposits, balance to credit of depositors:
New York State savings banks
mil. ofdol
j
CONSUMER CREDIT J
(Short- and Intermediate-term)
Total outstanding end of month
Automobile paper
Other consumer-goods paper
Repair and modernization loans
Personal loans ... .
__ _ _ _
r
__
17, 372
i
mil ofdol
Installment credit total
!
4.35
4.20
4.39
4.53
4.14
3.97
4.15
4.38
3.93
3.75
3.93
4 19
i
45.6 !
1
!
!
i
i
:
Revised.
t> Preliminary.
cf Includes Boston, Philadelphia, Chicago, Detroit, San Francisco, and Los Angeles.
9 Includes data not shown separately.
„
„ ,
, .
,
©For demand deposits, the term "adjusted" denotes exclusion of interbank and U. S. Government deposits and of cash items reported as in process of collection; for loans, exclusion ot
loans to banks and deduction of valuation reserves (individual loan items are gross, i. e., before deduction of valuation reserves).
§ For bond yields, see p. S-20
t See corresponding note on p. S-17.
SURVEY OF CURRENT BUSINESS
December 1956
1955
Unless otherwise stated, statistics through 1954 and
descriptive notes are shown in the 1955 edition of
NovemDecemOctober
BUSINESS STATISTICS
ber
ber
S-17
1956
January
February
March
April
May
June
July
August
Septem- October November
ber
FINANCE—Continued
CONSUMER CREDIT*— Continued
(Short- and Intermediate-term)
Total outstanding, end of month— Continued
Installment credit, total— Continued
By type of holder:
Financial institutions, total
mil. of dol
Commercial banks
_ _ _ . __ _ _ do_ _
Sales-finance companies
do
Credit unions
do
Consumer finance companies
do
Other
do
23, 848
10,412
8,268
1 , 640
2, 503
1,025
24, 061
10, 489
8, 322
1, 654
2,549
1,047
24, 441
10, 601
8,443
1, 680
2,656
1,061
24, 447
10,618
8, 436
1,668
2, 670
1, 055
24, 587
10, 668
8. 460
1.697
2,701
1.061
24, 870
10, 796
8.526
1, 732
2. 739
1.077
25, 208
11.009
8, 575
1, 767
2. 773
1,084
25, 528
8, 641
1, 806
2, 805
1, 106
25, 963
11,394
8, 765
1,848
2,845
1,111
26, 193
11,476
8, 849
1,880
2,880
1,308
26, 475
11,548
8. 953
1,933
2, 920
1,121
26. 551
11,548
8,989
1, 960
2,924
1,130
26, 635
11,606
8, 973
1, 994
2, 938
1,124
_ _ do
do
do
do
do
4,120
1. 283
979
545
1. 313
4,208
1,332
1,001
539
1, 336
4, 579
1,511
1, 052
535
1,481
4,439
1,471
1,018
535
1,415
4.328
1, 436
1.001
' 538
1.353
4,242
1.377
984
544
1, 337
4,211
1,380
974
548
1,309
4, 235
1,389
971
554
1,321
4,121
1,247
973
562
1,339
4,104
1, 239
967
568
1,330
4, 169
1,286
973
575
1, 335
4.156
1,269
970
576
1, 341
4,176
1, 269
974
574
1,359
^Toninstallment credit, total
do
8, 605
8, 845
9,628
8,962
8,559
8, 649
8, 803
9,156
9, 370
9, 181
9,234
9, 367
9,385
Single-payment loans
Charge accounts
Service credit
By type of holder:
Financial institutions
Retail outlets
Service credit
do
do
do
2,804
3, 715
2,086
2, 930
3,839
2,076
2 999
Jl 544
2,092
2,920
3, 961
2,081
2. 932
3. 530
2,097
3, 050
3, 469
2,130
3, 094
3, 531
2,178
3, 258
3, 701
2, 197
3, 335
3, 804
2,231
3,261
3,674
2, 246
3, 295
3, 696
2. 243
3. 361
3, 780
2,226
3,310
3, 875
2.200
do
do
do
2.804
3.715
2. 086
2, 930
3, 839
2,076
2,992
4,544
2, 092
2,920
3, 961
2,081
2, 932
3. 530
2.097
3. 050
3, 469
2,130
3. 094
3. 531
2,178
3, 258
3,701
2,197
3. 335
3. 804
2, 231
3, 261
3,674
2,246
3, 295
3,696
2,243
3, 361
2,780
2, 226
3.310
3, 875
2,200
do
do
do
do
3,211
1,347
905
959
3,271
1,272
969
1,030
3. 785
1,303
1,282
1,200
2,885
1, 192
760
933
2. 918
1.236
731
951
3, 305
1.378
821
1,106
3, 329
1.345
894
1,090
3,470
1,407
949
1,114
3, 390
1, 391
883
1,116
3, 316
1,337
872
1,107
3. 504
1. 393
952
1,159
2,981
1,150
840
991
3, 382
1,284
1,010
1,088
do
do
do
do
2,945
1.176
839
930
2,970
1,192
825
953
3, 034
1, 161
825
1,048
3, 019
1,179
899
941
2, 889
1,143
847
899
3, 108
1,209
892
1.007
3, 022
1.196
857
969
3, 126
1,240
885
1, 001
3, 069
1,195
867
1,007
3, 103
1,211
868
1,024
3, 157
1,244
880
1. 033
2,918
1,147
836
935
3,278
1, 339
906
1, 033
do
do
do
do
3.327
1,435
873
1.019
3, 355
1.415
911
1,029
3,315
1,389
904
1,022
3, 441
1. 456
927
1,058
3. 324
1.396
883
1.045
3,174
1. 284
859
1.031
3, 409
1,330
968
1,111
3,264
1, 256
932
1,076
3,058
1,181
' 841
1, 036
3, 302
1 , 252
927
1,123
3, 358
1, 264
952
1,142
3,160
1,198
883
1,079
3.370
1, 315
942
1,113
do
do
do
do
2,967
1, 169
849
949
2, 961
1,173
843
945
2,918
1,143
833
942
3,109
1,245
887
977
2. 948
1,184
821
943
2,888
1, 130
822
936
3, 145
1, 258
870
1,017
3, 063
1, 226
858
979
3, 009
1,158
869
982
3, 160
1,229
890
1,041
3,147
1,214
891
1,042
3, 087
1, 185
893
1,009
3, 183
1,284
883
1,016
2,998
2.692
62
1.873
890
173
5,527
4,662
65
4,215
1,008
240
5, 337
4,889
56
3,962
879
440
4,915
4,684
59
3,727
853
275
7, 158
6, 195
57
5, 959
944
198
12, 499
11,313
59
11,344
963
133
5, 562
4,082
59
4, 461
894
147
7,107
5, 050
63
5, 780
1,014
251
' 12, 598
' 11, 601
57
»• 11. 255
'967
••319
3,927
3, 485
63
2,601
970
292
5, 959
4, 954
64
4,772
1, 030
93
6,897
6.218
60
5, 846
869
122
3, 660
3,184
75
2, 185
1, 149
250
5,355
542
359
3,293
1, 161
5,172
542
423
3,109
1,099
5, 651
595
406
3, 451
1,199
5, 274
625
401
3. 005
1,243
4, 950
553
398
3,214
786
5, 399
559
400
3, 284
1, 156
5, 387
565
406
3, 232
1, 185
5, 467
561
432
3,433
1, 040
' 6, 937
5,542
'602
627
P405
v 368
p 4, 455 P 2, 951
v 1, 475 v 1,595
5,902
567
v 383
P 3, 580
p 1,371
4.918
'570
P345
p 3, 1 53
p850
5,995
582
?>401
p 3, 778
p 1, 234
279,818
277, 277
233, 619
43, 657
2, 541
280,136
277, 628
233, 615
44,013
2,508
280, 769
277, 799
233, 873
43, 926
2,970
280, 049
277,170
233, 584
43, 585
2,879
280,108
277. 295
233, 607
43, 688
2,814
276, 345
273, 481
229, 746
43. 736
2, 863
275, 789
273, 078
229, 689
43, 389
2,711
276, 729
273, 977
229, 637
44, 339
2,752
272, 751
269, 883
224, 769
45, 114
2,868
275. 565
272, 959
226, 905
46. 054
2, 606
274, 261
271, 660
225, 827
45, 834
2,601
275, 283
272, 720
227, 238
45, 482
2, 563
Retail outlets, total
Department stores
Furniture stores
\utoinobile dealers
Other
Installment credit extended and repaid:
Unadjusted:
Extended total
\utomobile paper
Other consumer-goods paper
All other
Repaid total
Automobile paper _
_
Other consumer-goods paper
All other
Adjusted:
Extended, total _.
.
Automobile paper
Other consumer-goods paper
All other
Repaid total
\utomobile paper
Other consumer-goods paper
All other
_
_.
__
__
n, 170
FEDERAL GOVERNMENT FINANCE
Budget receipts and expenditures:
Receipts total
Receipts net
Customs
Income and employment taxes
IVTiscellaneous internal revenue
All other receipts
Expenditures total
Interest on public debt
Veterans' services arid benefits
Major national security
All other expenditures
mil. of dol
do
do
do
do
do
do
do
do
do
do
Public debt and guaranteed obligations:
Gross debt (direct) end of month total
do
Interest bearing, total
do
Public issues
do
Special issues
do
Noninterest bearing
do
Obligations guaranteed by U. S. Government, end
of month
_ ._ _
_
_
mil. of dol
U. S. Savings bonds:
Amount outstanding, end of month
do
Sales, series E through K
do
Redemptions
do
272, 645
269, 972
224,618
45, 353
2, 674
277, 017
274, 471
228, 749
45, 722
2,546
48
53
53
53
58
59
56
62
74
74
79
85
89
94
58, 494
451
574
58, 501
438
526
58, 548
466
545
58, 193
645
1,126
58, 166
544
660
58, 169
518
604
58, 137
453
571
58, 110
451
571
57, 857
437
815
57, 717
484
749
57, 661
436
582
57, 583
355
523
57, 439
414
644
57, 231
389
692
Government corporations and credit agencies:
Assets, except interagency, total
mil. of dol
Loans receivable, total (less reserves)
do
To aid agriculture
_ _
_
_ __ do _
To aid homeowners .
...
do
Foreign loansdo
All other
do
45, 303
20, 238
6,715
3, 205
7,988
2, 598
Commodities, supplies, and materials
do
U. S. Government securities
do
Other securities and investments
do
Land, structures, a n d equipment _ _ _ _ _ _ d o _
All other assets
do
4, 356
3,236
3,414
7,822
6, 238
i
1
i
"
" "
1
5,125
Liabilities, except interagencv, total
do
1
Bonds notes and debentures
do
2,423
Other liabilities
do
2 703
596
Privately owned interest
_
do
39, 583
U. S. Government interest
do
r
p
Revised.
Preliminary.
t Revised to adjust to new survey and census information. For credit outstanding, the revisions begin with 1948 (except data for consumer finance companies which are separately available
from September 1950 only); for credit extensions and repayments, the revisions begin with 1940. See the October 1956 Federal Reserve Bulletin for all revisions prior to September 1955.
:::_:::_:r_.:::_" ::::::::: ::::;:::: :::_:::::i::::_::::
SURVEY OF CURRENT BUSINESS
S-18
Unless otherwise stated, statistics through 1954 and
descriptive notes are shown in the 1955 edition of
BUSINESS STATISTICS
December 195(5
1955
1956
DecemOctober November
ber
January
February
March
April
May
June
July
August
Septem- October November
ber
FINANCE—Continued
LIFE INSURANCE
Institute of Life Insurance:
Assets, total, all U. S. life insurance companies
mil. of dol
Bonds (book value), domestic and foreign, total
mil. of dol
U. S. Government
._
- do _.
State, county, municipal (U S.)
do
Public utility (U. S.) _
...
do
Railroad (U. S.)
do
Industrial and miscellaneous (U. S.)_ _ _ _ _ d o
89, 016
89, 491
90, 219
90,842
91, 240
91, 543
92, 025
92, 478
92, 876
93, 580
93, 992
94. 411
94, 869
47, 742
9,027
1,990
13, 400
3,877
16, 985
47, 743
8,891
1,987
13, 457
3,871
17, 070
47, 690
8, 546
1,998
13, 533
3,847
17, 292
47, 967
8,393
2,125
13, 579
3,840
17, 522
48, 036
8,236
2,144
13,614
3,849
17, 680
48, 008
8,045
2,153
13, 618
3,873
17, 798
48, 164
8,085
2,153
13, 653
3,852
17, 900
48, 212
7,986
2,140
13, 707
3, 850
18, 002
48, 279
7,921
2,148
13, 762
3,854
18, 059
48, 594
7,886
2,191
13, 835
3,853
18, 256
48, 665
7,778
2,206
13, 903
3,853
18, 340
48. 799
7,805
2,213
13, 905
3, 850
18, 426
48, 970
7, 850
2,218
13, 914
3, 845
18, 537
2,899
1,731
1, 160
28, 868
26, 613
2,523
3,283
1,200
2,975
2,923
1,720
1,192
29, 433
27, 166
2,557
3,293
1. 254
3,069
2,930
1,719
1,199
29, 800
27, 526
2,568
3,307
1,167
3,103
2,948
1,727
1,210
30, 102
27, 799
2, 589
3,324
1,054
3,187
2,977
1,729
1,237
30, 383
28, 055
2,609
3,345
1,040
3,181
2,980
1.729
1, 239
30, 651
28, 301
2,624
3,365
1,067
3,174
2,974
1,725
1,237
30, 991
28, 612
2, 646
3.385
1, 086
3,184
2,964
1, 726
1,226
31, 284
28, 884
2 673
3,409
1,078
3, 189
2,995
1 727
1,254
31,612
29, 188
2 711
3 400
1,093
3 175
2,998
1,724
1,260
31, 897
29, 454
2,727
3,420
1,064
3,221
2,968
1,700
1,253
32,111
29, 656
2,748
3, 440
1,077
3,268
2,962
1,700
1,247
32, 399
29.938
2,778
3,461
1,093
3,206
4, 570
1,340
525
2,705
177
617
586
211
338
123
243
102
317
5, 833
2, 205
489
3, 079
192
680
665
248
363
129
292
136
383
3,726
850
437
2,439
168
586
535
194
285
104
222
89
262
3, 686
596
510
2,580
179
607
562
' 200
314
111
238
92
285
4, 589
1,025
571
2,993
196
698
651
235
366
132
274
113
339
4,188
847
512
2,829
176
630
608
216
365
132
274
106
330
4,543
1,014
581
2,948
195
646
628
226
363
126
295
119
351
4 344
915
538
2,891
189
673
600
225
361
124
275
111
334
4 251
931
503
2 817
184
637
599
221
349
122
256
107
341
4, 544
1,160
526
2,858
182
618
622
235
353
125
263
113
347
4,140
981
525
2,634
171
598
572
209
321
119
241
105
299
4,792
963
549
3,280
213
789
701
258
403
139
290
119
369
435.7
189. 5
53.5
9.2
39.5
71.7
72.4
555.7
209.2
56.9
9.5
38.2
78.8
163. 0
522.8
204.9
59.3
10.2
54.4
76.9
117.1
451. 4
192.5
52.6
8.8
40.7
76.8
80.0
508.2
207.9
55.0
9.3
40.0
83.7
112.3
479.5
205.5
53. 6
9.7
41.6
85.2
83.9
505.5
212.3
55.9
9.6
41. 7
86.4
99.6
466.0
185 8
52.6
8 9
41 5
81 0
96.2
469 6
204 7
51 0
9 3
43 8
79' 1
81 7
478.3
203.9
49.5
9.3
41 9
84 1
89.6
425. 0
171.8
45.9
8.8
38 8
73.1
86.6
516.6
223 2
57. 7
9 9
45 5
95 8
84.5
Stocks (book value), domestic and foreign, total
« 2, 879
mil. of dol
« 1,719
Preferred ( U S )
do
1,152
Common (U. S )
do
28, 563
Mortgage loans, total
do
« 26, 320
Nonfarm
do
« 2, 506
Real estate
do
3,271
Policy loans and premium notes
do
1,133
Cash
._
. do -._
2,922
Other assets
_
do
Life Insurance Agency Management Association:
Insurance written (new paid-for insurance):©
3,679
Value estimated total
mil of dol
581
Group and wholesale
do
546
Industrial
do
2, 552
Ordinarv totalf
do
163
Now England
do
573
Middle Atlantic
do
562
East North Central
do
202
West North Central
do
319
South Atlantic
do
109
East South Central
do
234
West South Central
do
102
Mountain
do
296
Pacific
do
Institute of Life Insurance:
Payments to policyholders and beneficiaries, esti425.4
mated total
mil. of dol
182.0
Death benefits
do
51. 6
Matured endowments
do
8.8
Disability payments
do
39.5
Annuitv payments
do
73.9
Surrender values
do
69.6
Policv dividends
do
Life Insurance Association of America:
Premium income (39 cos ) ouarterlv total
do
A
' • • * - • '
Group
Industrial
2, 474. 7
348. 0
350 1
253.2
977 2
1, 246. 2
(]()
do
do
2. 284. 5
328 9
277 7
253. 1
245.9
1, 178.8
2 259. 6
354. 6
27() 9
249 7
209.2
1 175 1
2 243 3
357 3
247 5
238 5
213 9
1 186 1
MONETARY STATISTICS
Gold and silver:
Gold:
21, 686
Monetary stock U S (end of mo.)
mil of dol
—7.1
Net release from earmark §
do
230
Exports
thous of dol
10, 645
Imports
do
75, 700
Production reported monthlv total 9
do
48, 300
\frica
do
13, 800
C'inida
do
6,800
United States
do
Silver:
910
Exports
do
6,717
Imports
do
.918
Price at New York
dol. per fine oz. _
Production:
«> 2, 408
CanadaO
thous of fine oz
3,528
Mexico
do
2, 432
United States
do
Money supply (end of month) :
30,
559
Currency in circulation
mil of dol
220, 700
Deposits and currency total
do
3,
200
Foreign banks deposits, net
do
6, 200
U S Government balances
do
Deposits (adjusted) and currency totalf
do
Demand deposits adjusted^
do
Time deposit*3 adjusted!
do
Currency outside banks
do
Turnover of demand deposits except interbank and
U. S. Government, annual rate:
New York City
ratio of debits to deposits
fi other centers eft
do
21, 688
—27. 0
778
32, 648
74, 900
47, 500
13, 600
6,300
21,690
—23.8
591
27, 305
70, 500
45, 500
13,300
5, 000
21,693
—8.2
307
11, 743
71 , 200
46, 300
13,000
4,800
21,695
—15.7
108
18, 704
68, 900
45, 600
12, 400
4,600
21, 716
—2.9
843
12, 282
21, 743
16.9
491
10, 390
21, 772
1.8
611
25, 949
21, 799
29.9
360
18, 767
21,830
43 9
421
5, 262
21, 858
43 2
94
4,804
21, 884
86.9
22, 096
4,091
21,910
—34. 3
250
4,845
49, 900
13, 500
5,000
49, 900
12,900
4,700
52, 100
13, 100
5,400
52, 200
13 200
5 100
52, 800
12 100
5,900
11,800
6,300
12, 400
6, 000
6,200
272
11,647
.901
215
11, 723
.906
600
16, 743
.908
968
14, 081
.912
r
'2,315
4,124
3,035
2,519
522
6, 655
.915
721
6, 736
. 905
354
4,208
.904
130
5, 325
.909
216
8,970
.911
422
13, 388
.909
429
13, 985
.908
281
10, 695
.905
2,089
3,837
3,087
2,417
4,347
3,180
2,281
3,718
3,249
2,094
3,701
3,615
2,297
3,241
3,790
1,759
3, 446
2,898
2,463
3,977
2,905
2,494
3,032
2,501
30, 993
221 , 200
3,200
5, 800
31, 158
224, 943
3, 167
5, 199
30, 228
221 ,000
3,100
3, 600
30,163
219,900
3,000
5,400
30, 339
221 ,600
3, 000
7,800
30, 210
221,200
3,000
5,800
30, 513
221,200
3,000
7,000
30,768
30, 839
30, 757
30, 715
30 604
223,585 p 221, 400 P223, 000 P224, 100 P 224, 800
3,115 p 3, 100
P 3, 200 p 3, 100
p 3, 100
6,827 P 5, 000 P 7, 100 p 6, 800 P 5, 100
211,300
106, 100
77, 900
27, 300
212, 200
106, 900
77, 400
27, 900
216, 577
109,914
78, 378
28, 285
214, 400
108, 900
78, 400
27, 100
211,600
105, 600
78, 800
27, 200
210,800
104,400
79, 300
27, 200
212,400
106, 100
79, 300
27, 000
211,200
104, 200
79, 600
27, 400
213,643
104,744
80, 615
28, 284
44 7
26.5
20 3
45 4
29.0
22 0
51.3
28.1
21 6
45 7
29.5
21 7
41 1
27.5
21 0
47 2
29.7
20 8
45 4
30. 1
21 5
46,0
28.7
21 7
47 0
28.9
21 6
2 267
3, 632
3,828
p 21 3, 300 P 212, 800
p 105,200 p 104, 500
P80 700 p80 900
P 27, 400 P 27, 500
45 9
29 6
22 4
44 4
27.4
21 3
2,828
.914
3,454
p21 4, 200
P105, 400
P 81, 200
p 27, 500
P216, 600
P107, 400
P 8 1,500
P 27, 700
44.8
27. 4
22 0
45 2
* 28. 4
»22 1
r
_- _.
PROFITS AND DIVIDENDS (QUARTERLY)
Manufacturing corporations (Fed. Trade and SEC):
48.3
4,044
4, 151
3,850
Net profit after taxes all industries
mil of dol
240
234
286
»31.0
Food and kindred products
do
99
P2'3.
7
110
87
Textile mill products
do
Lumber and wood products (except furniture) i
\
51
49
66
mil of dol
1
1
162
166
166
Paner and allied Droducts.. . _
-_do
r
Revised.
p Preliminary.
° Revisions for assets of life insurance companies for September 1955 (mil. dol.): Stocks—total, 2,871, preferred, 1,721,; nonfarm mortgage loans, 26,024; real
estate, 2,491.
& Revision for Canadian silver production for July 1955 (thous. fine oz.), 2,347.
0 Revisions for insurance written for January-August 1954 are shown in the November 1955 SURVEY. Revisions for silver production in Canada for January-September 1954 are shown
in the December 1955 SURVEY; those for January-July 1952 and January 1955, in the April 1956 issue.
| Includes revisions not distributed by regions.
§ Or increase in earmarked gold (—).
9 Includes data not shown separately.
1 The term "adjusted" denotes exclusion of interbank and U. S. Government deposits; for demand deposits, also exclusion of cash items reported as in process of collection.
^Includes Boston, Philadelphia, Chicago, Detroit, San Francisco, and Los Angeles.
J Revisions beginning with 1943 appear on p. 24 of the October 1955 SURVEY.
SUEVEY OF CURRENT BUSINESS
December 1956
1955
Unless otherwise stated, statistics through 1954 and
descriptive notes are shown in the 1955 edition of
DecemNovemBUSINESS STATISTICS
October
ber
ber
S-19
1956
January
February
March
April
May
June
July
August
Septem- October November
ber
FINANCE—Continued
PROFITS AND DIVIDENDS— Continued
Manufacturing corporations— Continued
Net profit after taxes — Continued
Chemicals and allied products.mil. ofdol _
Petroleum refining
do
Stone, clay, and glass products
.. -do. ..
Primary nonferrous metal
do
Primary iron and steel
_
_do.
Fabricated metal products (except ordnance,
machinery and transport equip ) mil ofdol
Machinery (except electrical)
do
Electrical machinery
_ _. _
__do
Transportation equipment (except motor vehicles,
etc.)
- mil. of dol
"Victor vehicles and parts
do
All other manufacturing industries
do
Dividends paid (cash), all industries
..do
Electric utilities, net profit after taxes (Fed. Res.)
mil ofdol
Railways and telephone cos. (see pp. S-23 and S-24).
459
788
138
213
386
442
639
135
241
376
438
659
190
230
397
142
305
190
146
321
163
157
392
193
110
495
371
96
400
334
116
315
352
2, 389
1 667
1 727
326
374
321
302
SECURITIES ISSUED
Commercial and Financial Chronicle:
Securities issued, by type of security, total (new
capital and refunding)
mil of dol
New capital total
do
Domestic total
do
Corporate
do
Federal agencies
do
Municipal, State, etc
do
Foreign
_
do
Refunding total 9
do
Domestic total
do
Corporate
do
Federal agencies
do
"VIunicips.il State etc
do
Securities and r Exchange Commission:
Estimated < ross proceeds total
do
By type of security:
Bonds and notes, total
. - _ _ ... --.do.. Corporate
do
Common stock
do
Preferred
stock
do
1
By type rof issuer:
Corpo ate total 9
do
Manufacturing_- do _ ,
Mining
do
Public utility
__ .
.do
Railroad
do
Communication
do
Real estate and
financial
do
Noncorporate, total 9
do
U S Government
do
State and municipal
do
New corporate security issues:
Estimated net proceeds total
do
Proposed uses of proceeds:
New money, total
do
Plant and equipment
do
Working caoital
do
Retirement of securities
do
Other purposes
do
State and municipal issues (Bond Buyer):
Long-term
thous. of dol
Short-term
do
2 480
2 259
2 258
1,125
205
929
1
1 659
1 459
1 427
549
235
643
33
1, 331
1 202
1 143
719
0
424
59
1 300
1 013
1 001
456
146
398
12
221
221
17
198
199
199
52
143
4
129
113
45
04
4
287
287
49
234
4
2. 640
1 840
1, 913
1, 710
1 998
1 787
1 876
2 128
2 161
1,975
1,508
r
I 591
1 896
2,442
1 046
161
43
1, 562
431
1S3
85
1, 767
835
107
39
1,619
529
73
19
1,731
478
139
128
1,602
675
143
1, 634
673
210
32
1,926
9^3
137
65
1,932
661
179
50
1, 776
911
183
15
1, 365
565
92
50
r
1, 373
682
186
33
1, 607
520
150
139
1 250
89
20
170
66
698
113
708
187
14
285
14
40
97
980
347
52
275
744
226
23
200
31
37
196
861
278
22
190
47
122
136
915
342
10
299
14
15
175
1 185
487
35
339
39
82
112
889
307
59
239
33
39
103
621
210
13
66
19
3
267
191
1, 109
346
79
244
10
263
104
708
220
81
157
22
84
110
900
254
42
251
55
57
218
1 , 396
461
926
1,132
438
661
932
466
415
1 , 089
645
407
1 253
544
709
927
518
401
962
453
391
943
451
491
1 272
437
736
865
484
379
800
436
213
r $91
r 330
1 086
414
616
1,234
694
964
611
730
846
898
1 165
873
1,093
695
883
791
1,074
950
124
71
88
590
455
136
62
42
793
544
249
63
108
496
178
317
32
83
664
388
276
26
40
762
525
236
56
28
702
482
220
82
114
1 116
948
167
°1
28
768
446
322
43
61
1,012
758
254
27
53
563
386
177
95
107
802
514
288
47
34
685
509
176
14
93
925, 818
136 646
661,017
242 810
415, 285
148 913
406, 800
196 298
709 444
357 195
400 650
248 649
390, 541
124 807
490 526
252 071
736 386
175 825
378 535
194 695
213 238 r335 930
207 418 178'' 780
616 460
293 244
2,789
920
2, 159
2,796
876
2 260
331
2, 830
889
2 345
2.822
905
2 170
2 774
913
2 189
2 817
960
2 177
2 821
896
2 189
2 847
870
2 228
3?2
2 811
837
2 266
2 843
858
2 242
'? 819
872
2 086
2 816
2 113
2 784
834
9 131
96 48
96 75
78 23
96 39
96 65
78 79
95 22
95 46
78 92
93 86
94 10
77 61
93 52
93 76
77 46
93 09
93 33
77 35
110 6
117.3
94 40
110 5
119 2
95 03
110 2
118.6
93 94
108 4
116 0
91 81
105 8
113.8
91 43
105 2
112.8
91 53
104 178
107 082
81 717
84 454
82 893
83 216
101 631
100 885
86 568
86 673
83 606
89 818
101 703
104.670
80 522
83.' 100
81 261
81. 480
99 228
98. 165
85 561
85. 454
82 292
88. 320
19
355
810
363
21
228
29
67
76 _ _
SECURITY MARKETS
Brokers' Balances (N. Y. S. E. Members
Carrying Margin Accounts)
Cash on hand and in banks
Customers' debit balances (net)
Customers' free credit balances
Money borrowed
mil ofdol
do
do
do
Bonds
Prices:
Average price of all listed bonds (N. Y. S. E.),
97 08
total§
dollars
98 07
97 65
96 39
98 00
97 82
95 50
98. 35
97.37
98. 31
Domestic
do
97. 96
95 74
96 56
98 08
78 91
Foreign
do
81.27
78 79
79 06
79 52
79 36
79 14
Standard and Poor's Corporation:
Industrial, utility, and railroad (Al-f-issues):
112.4
Composite (17 bonds)
dol. per $100 bond
113.5
111 2
113.7
113 2
113.3
113 9
119.8
122.5
Domestic municipal (15 bonds)-..
_. _ do
121.3
122.4
116.9
122.7
120.3
I". S Treasury bonds, taxable
do
95. 07
95.83
95. 46
95 40
95 94
94 88
92 86
Sales:
Total, excluding U. S. Government bonds:
All registered exchanges:
195. 875
95 283 104 729 109 660 120 682 110 399
Market value
thous. o f d o l
90 762
177, 186
95, 692 105, 143 105 230 121 514 114 574
Face value
do
87, 870
New York Stock Exchange:
194. 268
88, 662
93, 795 103,410 108 284 119 104 109 126
Market value
do
175, 133
Face value
do
93. 748 103. 482 103.480 117.469 112.538
85. 283
r
Revised.
» Preliminary.
9 Includes data not shown separately.
§ Data for bonds of the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development, not shown separately, are included in
r 866
computing average price of all listed bonds.
109.0
SURVEY OF CURRENT BUSINESS
S-20
December 1056
" -
1955
Unless otherwise stated, statistics through 1954 and
descriptive notes are shown in the 1955 edition of
DecemNovemOctober
BUSINESS STATISTICS
ber
ber
1956
January
February
March
April
May
June
•Tuiy
August
SeptemOctober Xovember
ber
FINANCE—Continued
SECURITY MARKETS— Continued
Bonds— Continued
Sales— Continued
New York Stock Exchange, exclusive of stopped
sales, face value, total §
thous. of d o l _ _
~TJ" p Grovernment
do
Other th'in U S Government total§
do
Domestic
do
Foreign
do
Va.ltie, issues listed on N. Y. S. E.:
Market value total all issues§
mil of dol
Domestic
do
Foreign
.-- do
Face value, total, all issues!
do
Domestic
do
Foreign
_ . _ . . ..do.
Yields:
Domestic corporate (Moody 's)
percent-.
By ratings:
Aaa
_
-_ _ .do.-\a
do
\
__
... do
Baa
...do
By groups:
Industrial
do
Public utility
do
Railroad
_do_
Domestic municipal:
Bond Buyer (20 bonds)
do
Standard "and Poor's Corp. (15 bonds)
do
U. S. Treasury bonds, taxable
do
83, 974
5
83, 969
78, 916
5,026
75, 397
0
75, 397
69. 708
5, 668
80. 651
0
80, 651
75, 662
4.986
94. 044
0
94. 044
89, 448
4, 560
82, 279
0
82 279
78, 371
3, 886
99, 987
15
99 972
94, 882
5,051
98, 379
200
98, 179
93, 046
5,134
91,834
0
91, 834
87, 1 54
4,676
68, 081
0
68, 081
63. 020
5, 061
73,126
0
73, 126
68, 090
5,036
79, 790
0
79, 790
75. 647
4, 133
73, 740
0
73 740
70, 081
3, 659
76.380
106,110
103,982
1,477
108,199
105, 727
1,817
105,501
103, 449
1,405
108, 039
105, 607
1,777
104. 750
102, 701
1 , 399
107, 898
105, 471
1,772
105, 598
103, 572
1,371
107,752
105.357
1,740
105, 444
103, 510
1,286
107, 799
105, 536
1,618
103, 832
101, 920
1,275
107, 800
105, 548
1,607
102, 899
100, 995
1,276
107, 743
105, 486
1,613
104, 115
102, 227
1,259
107,910
105, 656
1,609
104, 289
102, 394
1,270
108, 199
105,942
1,612
103,137
101, 239
1,276
108,314
106, 053
1,616
101, 566
99, 703
1,252
108, 210
105, 952
1, 613
100, 588
98, 728
1, 251
107, 555
105, 295
1, 615
100, 291
98, 510
1,247
107,736
105, 554
1,612
3.30
3.29
3.33
3.30
3.28
3.30
3.41
3.46
3.46
3.50
3.62
3.75
3.82
3.90
3.10
3.19
3.30
3.59
3.10
3.18
3.29
3.58
3.15
3.22
3.33
3.62
3.11
3.19
3.30
3.60
3.08
3.16
3.28
3.58
3.10
3.18
3.30
3.60
3.24
3.30
3.41
3.68
3.28
3.34
3.47
3.73
3.26
3.35
3.48
3.76
3.28
3.39
3.52
3.80
3.43
3.50
3.63
3.93
3.56
3. 63
3.73
4.07
3. 59
3.69
3.81
4. 17
3.69
3.76
3. 90
4.24
3.23
3.27
3.38
3.22
3.28
3.38
3.26
3.31
3.42
3.23
3. 28
3.40
3.20
3.26
3.37
3.24
3.27
3.37
3.37
3.38
3.47
3.40
3.44
3.53
3.39
3.44
3.56
3.42
3.48
3.59
3.55
3.60
3.72
3. 68
3.73
3.83
3. 75
3.82
3.*9
3.82
3. 86
4.01
2.45
2. 56
2.82
2.52
2.55
2.85
2.58
2.71
2.88
2.48
2.64
2.86
2.49
2.58
2.82
2.64
2.69
2.90
2.76
2.88
3.05
2.62
2.86
2.93
2.56
2.75
2.89
2.71
2.78
2.97
2.90
2.94
3.15
2.90
3.07
3.19
3. OS
3. 34
3. 18
3.38
3. 1 5
669.0
128. 5
234.9
9.1
294.6
85.2
112.2
2.0
2, 418. 7
265. 8
1,547.0
230.5
808.7
164. 5
269.5
9.7
323. 6
110.3
98.1
3.6
1,607.1
102.7
1, 088. 5
115.0
707.1
125. 6
248.3
9.2
288.9
56.9
130.1
2.1
1,623.3
109.1
1.078.3
128.7
731.8
147.9
254.1
8.0
292.8
64.3
122.9
3.3
1, 591. 4
105.3
1, 080. 9
117.9
128.5
87.2
17.4
55. 7
7. 7
1.5
73.4
3.4
9.7
7.2
42.1
126.4
117.4
51.3
38.2
136.5
87.0
40.1
91.5
9.9
1.5
75.2
12.4
18.1
4.4
41.1
120.3
68.5
42.3
28.7
138.8
92.9
23.6
61.3
7.4
1.2
75.8
7.2
9.4
6.2
41.0
122. 8
66. 0
50. 4
27.0
140.5
94.7
16.6
61.7
8.3
1.2
76.3
6.5
10.3
8.0
4.90
5.30
2.24
3.60
3.23
3.49
5.19
5.69
2.27
3.70
3.26
3. 60
5.21
5.71
2.27
3.79
3.34
3.63
5. 22
5.72
2.27
3.86
3.34
3. 65
5. 24
5.72
2.28
3.86
3.34
3.87
5.25
5.73
2.32
3.86
3.36
3.87
5.27
5.76
2.32
3.89
3.36
3.87
5. 28
5.77
2.32
3.93
3.36
3.87
5.29
5.77
2.32
3.93
3.36
4.01
5.35
5.85
2.32
3.93
3.36
4.01
119.02
133. 96
48. 53
67.42
126.95
143. 78
49. 90
74.47
128.03
145. 67
49.35
72. 29
123. 96
140. 11
49.10
70. 76
128. 19
145. 53
49. 66
71.45
136.18
155. 90
51. 38
76.94
136. 10
156.14
49.74
78. 32
127. 77
145. 40
49.10
72. 61
131.94
151.11
49. 55
73.51
4.12
3.96
4.62
5.34
4.16
2.73
4.09
3.96
4.55
4.97
4.09
2.63
4.07
3.92
4.60
5.24
4.23
2. 69
4.21
4.08
4.62
5.46
4.40
2.84
4.09
3.93
4.59
5.40
4.41
2.87
3.86
3.68
4.52
5.02
4.36
2.72
3.87
3.69
4.66
4.97
4.35
2.89
4.13
3.97
4.73
5.41
4.52
3.07
4.01
3.82
4.68
5.35
4.41
3.19
Stocks
Cash dividend payments publicly reported:
Total dividend payments
mil. of dol
Finance
do
Manufacturing
do
Mining
_
._
do
Public utilities:
Communications
_
. do ..
Electric and gas
do
Railroad
_
do
Trade
do
Miscellaneous
_
_
do. .
Dividend rates, prices, yields, and earnings, common
stocks (Moody's):
Dividends per share, annual rate (200 stocks) .dollars. _
Industrial (125 stocks)
_
_.
do
Public utility (24 stocks)
do
Railroad (25 "stocks)
. d o ..
Bank (15 stocks)
_ __
do ...
Insurance (10 stocks)
do__
Price per share, end of month (200 stocks) 9 - --do
Industrial (125 stocks)
do
Public utility (24 stocks)
do
Railroad (25 stocks)
_
...do
Yield (200 stocks)
Industrial (125 stocks)
Public utility (24 stocks)
Railroad (25 stocks)
Bank (15 stocks)
Insurance (10 stocks)
.
...
percent _ _
do
do
do
do
do
Earnings per share (at annual rate), quarterly:
Public utility (24 shocks)
do
Railroad (25 stocks)
do
Dividend yields, preferred stocks, 14 high-grade
4.04
(Standard and Poor's Corp.)
._
percent
Prices:
Dow-Jones & Co., Inc. (65 stocks)
dol. per share -_ 160. 92
452. 65
Industrial C30 stocks)
do
62. 31
Public utility (15 stocks) _
. _ do
149. 99
Railroad (20 stocks)
_
._
do
Standard and Poor's Corporation:
Industrial, public utility, and railroad :cf
306. 2
Combined index (480 stocks)
1935-39 = 100..
350.1
Industrial, total (420 stocks) 9
do
350. 6
Capital goods (128 stocks)
do
272. 6
Consumers' goods (195 stocks)
do
150. 6
Public utility (40 stocks)
do
240. 5
Railroad (20 stocks)
do
157. 5
Banks, N. Y. C. (12 stocks)
do
293. 1
Fire insurance (16 stocks)
do
Sales (Securities and Exchange Commission):
Total on all registered exchanges:
2,978
Market value
mil. of dol
Shares sold
thousands. _ 95, 888
On New York Stock Exchange:
2, 598
Market value
_ _ __ mil. ofdoL.
Shares sold
thousands.. 66, 364
Exclusive of odd lot and stopped sales (N. Y.
Times)
thousands.. 42, 178
Shares listed, New York Stock Exchange:
Market value, all listed shares
mil. of doL- 192, 782
3,560
Number of shares listed
--. . .millions..
r
314.4
79. 7
127.6
6.4
40.9
1 20. 3
59.9
42.3
23.9
140. 5
96. 1
19. 3
61.9
10.3
1.2
78.0
3. 4
10.7
7.4
5.35
5.85
2.32
3.97
3.39
4.01
5.36
5. 86
2.32
3.97
3.39
4.01
5. 39
5. 89
2.33
3. 98
3. 45
4.01
5. 38
5. 88
2.37
4.05
3.45
4.01
138. 29
158.98
51.98
74.92
133. 20
152. 72
50.36
70.22
126. 56
145. 06
48.42
66. 92
127.34
146. 17
48. 46
68. 22
126.44
145.04
48.72
67.24
3.87
3.68
4.46
5.25
4.25
3.05
4.02
3. 83
4.61
5.65
4.24
3.20
4.24
4.04
4.79
5. 93
4.17
3.34
4. 23
4. 03
1 81
5. S3
4.23
3. 22
4.25
4. 05
4.86
6.02
4.37
3. 30
1
10.65
3.32
9.03
10.90
3.27
6.27
11.60
3.21
9 06
749. S
142. 6
269. 6
ft. 5
\
» 8. 80
3 37
P S . 03
p
4.01
4.05
4. 03
3.99
4.01
4.15
4.22
4. 17
4.16
4.24
169.48
476. 59
64. 76
159. 29
172. 36
484. 58
64. 98
163. 34
16S. 18
474. 75
63. 60
157. 94
168. 93
475. 52
65. 00
157. 96
176. 71
502. 67
67. 05
167. 71
180. 80
511.04
66. 20
172. 87
177. 74
495. 20
65. 69
173.33
173. 76
485. 33
66.24
165. 97
180. 77
509. 76
69. 70
168. 35
180. 38
511.69
70.00
165. 00
173. 96
495. 01
67. 67
157. 98
171. 12
483. SO
66. 08 •
158.96
169.73
479. 34
66. 71
155.81
321.5
369. 2
370.2
285. 9
153.8
254. 6
160. 9
309. 3
327. 0
376. 8
379. 0
284.2
153. 2
257.7
162. 5
315. 0
322. 9
371.7
373. 0
275.8
152. 9
249. 4
160.9
308.1
324. 4
372.8
372.7
272.6
155. 4
249.6
155. 5
307.4
346.7
401.3
403. 8
286.5
158.6
264.9
159. 5
332. 5
351. 1
408. 0
406.2
280. 9
156. 2
270. 5
160. 4
321.0
344.2
399. 2
394. 1
271.1
154. 5
269. 1
156. 3
300. 6
340. 5
396. 6
390. 9
271.5
154.4
257. 2
158.3
294. 8
356. 5
417.3
414.8
283.7
157. 4
259. 9
161. 8
298.0
357. 3
418.0
419.4
284.1
159.0
253. 9
164.3
297.4
343. 6
401.6
404. 3
278. 6
154.7
240.1
168.7
279. 8
:j3n. ,s
393. 6
3%. 5
275. 2
151.0
241.2
170. «>
L'Sl). 4
334. 3
389. 8
393. 6
268. 7
152.1
237.7
167. 2
280.2
2,728
101, 986
2, 925
105, 915
2,886
93, 041
2, 569
81, 242
3,832
131, 821
3, 453
119,218
3,342
111,969
2.519
87, 930
2,883
101, 691
3, 155
97, 039
2, 436
81,802 i
2,f> 19
SO, 935
2,358
72, 613
2, 512
69,211
2, 463
62. 227
2,181
53, 134
3, 247
87, 135
2, 913
73, 888
2,820
73, 774
2,140
60, 213
2,434
68, 752
2, 670
61, 630
2, OF4
54, 661
2 947
47, 197 .
46, 401
60, 363
54, 106
37, 227 \
40, 342
202, 336 209,559
3, 898
3, 862 1
223. 887
4, 063
224, 682
4, 075
46, 380
50, 991
204, 650
3,766
207, 699
3, 836
53. 230 ,
211,896
4,123
37, 201
45,712
44, 532
218, 579
4, 260
229. 423
4,314
221, 160
4,333
4.39 I
4. 42
4. 56
43, 550
210, 015 i 211.627
4,380
4, 402
Revised.
» Preliminary.
. , . , • , .
,.
.
n
§ Sales and value figures include bonds of the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development not shown separately; these bonds are included in computing th :• average price of
all listed bonds shown on p. S-19.
9 Includes data not shown separately.
c^Number of stocks represents number currently used; the change in the number does not affect the continuity ol series.
SURVEY OF CURRENT BUSINESS
December 1956
Unless otherwise stated, statistics through 1954 and
descriptive notes are shown in the 1955 edition of
BUSINESS STATISTICS
S-21
1955
1956
DecemOctober November
ber
January
February
March
April
May
July
June
August
Septem- October November
ber
INTERNATIONAL TRANSACTIONS OF THE UNITED STATES
BALANCE OF PAYMENTS (QUARTERLY) |
r
Exports of goodc; and services total
mil. of dol
Military transfers under grants, net
do
Merchandise, adjusted, excluding military transactions©
mil. of dol
Income on investments abroad
do
Other service*^ and miUtary transactions
do
Imports of goods find services
total
Merchandise adjusted Od71
Income on foreign investments in U S
Military expenditures
Other service*51 cf
do
do
do
do
do
Balance on tzoods and Cervices
do
Unilateral transfer 51 (net) total
Private
Government
do
do
do
997
— 126
—871
U.S. long- and short-term capital (net), total.
Private
Government
do
do
do
-516
-502
— 14
-546
-427
— 119
Foreign long- and short-term capital (net)
Gold sales [purchases5 (— )]
Errors and omi^^ion*
do
do
do
+223
-8
+92
-4-610
-12
+23
5,r 969
654
7,023
1,093
6,108
3,843
789
809
3,936
598
781
' 4,
406
r
633
' 891
4,075
681
905
4, 658
3,116
145
691
706
4, 844
3,249
152
732
711
' 5, 053
<• 3, 165
<• 146
••832
r
910
5, 034
3,142
••+1,125
+1,970
+1, 074
r
1 711
—119
— 1, 592
—135
—830
5,864
423
r
+l, 206
r
I
200
447
142
640
1,110
965
r
— 118
— 1,082
r
r
r
r
r
—207
-1, 009
-824
—185
+553
-103
+159
+798
-163
+265
-868
-661
FOREIGN TRADE
Indexes
Exports of U. S. merchandise:!
Quantity
Value
Unit value
Imports for consumption :J
Quantitv
Value
Unit value
Agricultural products, quantity:
Exports, U. S. merchandise, total:
Unadjusted
Seasonally adjusted
Total, excluding cotton:
Unadjusted
Seasonally adjusted
Imports for consumption:
Unadjusted
Season all v adjusted
1936-38=100
do
do
-_
-- _
do
do
do
1924-29=100
do
do
do
do
do
276
569
206
260
538
207
273
572
210
246
520
211
259
552
213
304
642
212
290
614
212
328
692
211
325
687
211
312
657
210
297
618
208
295
618
209
175
494
283
181
513
283
171
487
284
179
511
285
176
505
287
181
523
289
165
476
289
181
522
288
174
501
287
177
509
288
-178
169
485
288
508
286
0)
0)
_
0)
0)
102
101
106
111
94
94
115
112
110
109
117
105
97
92
98
101
10, 105
11,264
8,685
11, 593
8,489
10, 946
7,413
10, 830
7,083
10, 116
7, 835
10, 377
9,678
10, 658
11. 241
13 177
110
119
100
106
98
104
100
102
Shipping Weight
Water-borne trade:
Exports incl reexports
§
General import*5
thous. of long tons
do
T
11,919
Y> 813
2
2
11, 186
12, 436
Value t
Exports (mdse ) including reexports total^ mil. of dol 1, 396. 1
By geographic regions:A
Africa
_ .__ thous. of dol.. 49, 664
197, 886
\sia and Oceania
do
382, 933
Europe
_
do
1, 321. 6 1, 404. 9
1, 279. 8
1, 358. 6 1, 578. 3
1, 509. 9
1, 699. 9
1 687 4
1, 612. 8
1, 516. 8
1 517 9 J>1 655.7
44, 635
202, 972
372, 338
44, 301
219, 081
387, 765
51,011
179,316
376, 214
66, 698
187. 970
351, 660
80, 029
239 232
387, 801
56, 912
229 938
399, 872
64, 397
254, 032
444,831
54, 040
247 888
433, 200
48, 917
235, 461
339, 835
46, 959
230, 911
401, 564
46, 623
224 719
461, 101
do
do
do
296, 671
147, 319
139, 397
277, 809
157, 577
140, 220
277, 443
162, 955
170, 690
264, 528
142, 175
132, 842
304, 243
152, 727
1 50, 971
348, 980
174, 236
180, 294
352, 808
160, 202
142,414
375, 145
163, 335
149, 863
348,011
169, 658
171, 726
306,108
145, 690
151, 974
308, 429
156, 235
167, 468
311, 860
148, 297
160 805
do
do
4,503
20, 863
5,373
17, 090
6,089
17, 308
5,770
24, 519
20, 097
23, 186
18, 672
31,975
10, 230
20, 409
11,486
22, 552
7,912
23, 180
6. 513
18, 454
3,304
19, 785
4,759
19, 313
do __
do
do
do _ _
do
do
do ___
20, 892
3,093
3
23, 388
54, 145
6,020
31, 512
22, 442
3,445
0
18, 181
54, 299
7, 169
38, 022
16, 833
3,306
0
30, 106
69, 371
6,784
22, 543
12, 375
3,191
0
20, 685
44, 073
7,826
22, 172
14,511
4, 035
0
22, 254
51, 698
6, 958
26, 035
16, 583
4,744
0
42, 449
59, 535
9,059
27, 114
12, 079
4,122
0
30, 149
67, 696
8.907
26, 401
12, 603
4, 936
0
30, 739
78, 266
10, 834
27, 090
13, 395
3,841
13, 082
2,761
19 173
4 169
34, 082
72, 530
8 457
28, 075
33, 743
63, 487
11, 173
24, 594
11,375
3,717
0
36, 167
68, 016
14, 173
24, 983
26
64
14
27
do
do _ _
do
do
do
do ..
36, 175
0
50, 358
30, 968
64
101, 948
29, 726
209
52, 101
30, 692
10
76, 844
29, 503
0
59, 378
35, 441
0
81, 801
33, 614
14
51, 153
40, 439
4
74, 184
39, 512
0
49, 231
41, 303
1,243
59, 219
43, 130
18
62, 033
40, 170
123
67, 570
39, 157
51
54, 814
37, 120
347
67, 940
52, 426
39
70, 409
41, 035
379
65, 989
Northern North America
Southern North America
_
South \merica
Bv leading countries:A
Africa:
Egypt
Union of South Africa
Asia and Oceania:
Australia including New Guinea
British Malava
China, including Manchuria.
India and Pakistan
_
Japan
Indonesia
Republic of the Philippines _
Europe:
France
East German v
West Germany
Italv
Union of Soviet Socialist Republics.
United Kingdom
_ .__ _ _ _
North and South America:
Canada
Latin American Republics, total 9
Argentina
..
Brazil
Chile
-.
0
0
0
016
728
931
046
52 905
44, 665
47 914
49 072
63, 429
38 524
49, 871
33, 480
62, 648
38, 191
67 619
62 667
64, 182
50, 372
62, 413
88, 488
47
601
113
285
0
49
0
123
do
296, 670
277, 809
277, 430
264, 499
304, 243
348, 962
352, 785
375, 140
348, 003
306, 103
308, 421
311 859
do
- do ..
do
. do
271, 055
12, 860
18, 084
8,580
282, 190
8,992
18, 706
8,391
315, 472
11, 362
22, 997
11,044
259, 056
8,070
21,339
7,966
287, 793
16, 433
25, 475
7,253
334, 491
21,316
27, 952
11, 247
287, 041
14, 475
18, 420
9,371
295, 516
14, 142
19, 860
10, 407
324, 022
19,613
24 037
12, 087
280, 979
19, 251
25 033
13, 633
306, 687
21,451
27 951
13, 966
291, 550
16 712
25 678
18 320
25, 389
27, 312
35, 691
35, 936
26, 649
31, 638
28, 305
28, 786
33, 217
25, 823
Colombia
do
26, 587
25 999
39, 463
39, 959
39, 951
51, 988
37, 560
43, 886
38, 995
40, 128
40, 956
33, 439
Cuba
. ..
do_41, 548
41 101
71,414
66, 821
62, 275
67, 645
57, 219
68, 778
66, 929
71, 183
76, 992
66, 089
Mexico
do
67 007
58 754
62, 944
50, 602
45, 410
50, 345
55, 127
57, 860
51, 731
47, 057
54, 955
45, 613
50, 892
Venezuela
do
50, 055
f
2
Revised.
v Preliminary.
1 Revised indexes will be published later.
Revisions for July 1955 (thous. long tons): Exports, 9,557; imports, 10,530.
^Revisions for 1st quarter 1953-lst quarter 1955 for balance of payments and for January 1954-July 1955 for foreign trade will be shown later.
©Adjusted for balance-of-payments purposes, mainly for valuation coverage and timing.
cTExcludes military expenditures.
§ Excludes "special category" shipments and all commodities exported under foreign-aid programs as Department of Defense controlled cargo.
1 Data include shipments (military and economic aid) under the Mutual Security Program. Total MSP military shipments are as follows (mil. dol.): October 1955-October 1956, respectively— 119.3; 72.7; 84.1; 82.0; 89.8; 104.3; 112.0; 184.3; 198.8; 330.8; 152.3; 99.9; 101.3.
AExcludes "special category" shipments,
9 Includes countries not shown separately.
SURVEY OF CURRENT BUSINESS
S-22
1955
Unless otherwise stated, statistics through 1954 and
descriptive notes are shown in the 1955 edition of
NovemDecemOctober
BUSINESS STATISTICS
ber
ber
December 1936
1956
January
February
March
April
May
June
July
August SeptemOctober November
ber
INTERNATIONAL TRANSACTIONS OF THE UNITED STATES—Continued
FOREIGN TKADE— Continued
Valuet— Continued
Exports of U. S. merchandise, totalf.
mil. of do!..
By economic classes:cf
Crude materials
thous. ofdol..
Crude foodstuffs
do
Manufactured foodstuffs and beverages 9
do
Semimanufactures 9
do
Finished manufactures 9
do
By principal commodities:
Agricultural products, total©
._
do
Cotton unmanufactured
do
Fruits, vegetables, and preparations do
drains and preparations
do
Packing-house products
_ _ . _ do - Tobacco and manufactures
do
I, 385. 9
1,312.0
1,393.7
1. 266. 9
1, 345. 1
1, 566. 1
1,497.1
1, 685. 7
207, 278
61 , 390
89, 860
213 784
813, 579
184, 758
71,661
99, 742
196,472
759, 399
175, 857
82, 944
108, 069
217,014
809, 861
144,944
77, 756
89,135
197, 527
757, 564
125, 247
76, 231
96, 185
215, 776
831,690
1 52, 483
112 995
115,094
228 462
957, 062
183,152
108,460
87, 086
218, 113
900, 261
196,186 183, 608 148. 669
132 684 133 558 110 699
109,941 116.717
97 572
231 , 922 235 918 196 674
1,014,977 1,003,844 1,048,061
211,406
113 829
105, 805
199, 218
876, 376
254,919 !
95 790
104,922 '
230 572
819 849
289, 094
35 952
29. 171
63 625
24, 599
64. 078
296, 994
26 751
24. 801
73 675
25, 328
47, 806
309, 513
31 224
25, 037
80 269
27, 219
34, 560
256, 806
15,807
22 230
76 310
26, 791
33, 837
242, 950
18 556
25 224
74 129
24, 648
22, 169
330.192
50 858
28, 927
116 003
25, 901
22, 677
313,341
59, 428
28, 482
1 03, 308
27, 900
24, 325
361, 061
57, 298
36. 075
122,539
26, 504
27, 659
356 742
40 342
36, 992
127 985
23, 352
25, 430
277, 148
19 918
30, 197
112 041
22, 392
21,519
334. 455
65, 726
26, 754
124, 900
21, 661
29 454
366, 385
80 923
30, 400
98 055
23. 386
61 , 753
ofdol - 1,096.8
1,015.0
1,084.2
1,010.1
1,102.2
1, 235. 9
1, 183. 7
1, 324. 6
1,316.9
1,324.5
1,172.2
1,139.7
of dol .
do
do
do
91, 350
97, 724
56 172
78, 295
109, 676
93 Oil
47 614
75 373
126, 749 -113,592
97 116
89 838
46 207
46 510
83 438
77 110
136, 255
96 816
42 329
83, 924
168,
112
41
91
743
779
818
120
132, 338
104,985
54 236
92, 439
134,304
106, 751
60 749
95, 892
124,880
114 482
69 420
89 213
127,193
103,409
68 303
65. OJfi
109 986
105.319
80 566
56, 260
96. 430
108 603
73 710
85 797
do
do_ _
do
do-_
__do- do
269 745
7,402
30 372
67, 941
19, 952
131 707
272 747
7,621
29 046
72, 621
18,064
133 093
289 015
9,424
34 456
73 694
20. 269
138 801
271 360
9, 21 3
30 671
71,300
18,829
129, 241
294 198
10,895
33 567
74, 179
17,060
145 806
327 243
13,730
37 748
76, 456
19,791
165 001
320, 1 23
12, 690
37, 884
79, 442
19, 530
157,667
353, 182
12, 808
40, 709
92, 039
22, 426
171,832
340,817
12, 089
33 014
90. 494
20, 51 7
170, 883
? 60, 003
1 1 , 564
28. 745
133.764
17.096
156,717
298, 951
10, 065
31, 169
78, 1 10
16, 043
153, 045
288, 236
8, 623
26, 929
74, 516
18, 558
148,037
do
do _ _
58 566
55, 958
48, 084
53, 489
55 684
49, 669
50, 681
46, 554
43 748
52,812
53 746
57. 289
54, 516
51, 602
54, 435
51, 855
51,951
53. 512
57. 455
41,845
58, 382
51, 520
57, 738
52, 232
General imports total
mil. ofdol
By geographic regions:
\frica
thous. of dol
Asia and Oceania
do
Europe
do
Northern North America
- -_ do
Southern North
America
do
South America
_do
By leading countries:
Africa:
Egypt
do
Union of South Africa
do
Asia and Oceania:
Australia including New Guinea
do
British IVTalaya
do
China including Manchuria
do
India and Pakistan
do
Japan
do
Indonesia
- do
Republic of the Philippines
do
Europe/
France
do
East Germany
do_ _
West Germany
do
Italy
- - _-do
Union of Soviet Socialist Republics
do
United Kingdom
do
North and South America:
Canada
do
1 010 7
1, 064. 6
1,007 8
1 074.3
1 , 050. 2
1, 102.0
989.9
1,090.0
1. 032. 4
1, 050. 9
1, 049. 1
992.0
50, 189
168, 523
237, 191
239,314
87 892
227, 614
45 442
184,713
253.912
240, 588
115 036
224, 942
63 044
162,066
233, 379
226, 939
117 332
205, 073
50. 048
206, 715
250, 778
221, 768
142, 320
202, 683
62, 1 22
181,062
228. 231
218, 143
141 184
219, 504
52, 81 1
192.235
248.516
222, 235
150 549
235, 612
53, 405
1 76, 758
228, 160
224, 1 64
121,420
185, 953
51,845
193,344
252, 541
255, 973
1 27, 370
208, 965
46, 681
179, 677
230, 079
243, 486
119, 745
212, 741
48, 861
181,060
239, 322
243, 354
117.071
221, 199
46,
192.
232,
267,
110,
198,
823
7, 124
1 594
7,019
3 348
10, 993
1,411
8, 365
3 551
11,120
1 699
8,944
842
6,402
1,068
11,441
919
7,982
414
7,962
729
12, 929
449
8,442
4,810
20 767
807
17, 875
43, 921
16, 259
15 840
10, 959
18 474
965
20, 366
47, 598
21, 335
14 699
7,169
18 155
664
20,411
38, 156
20, 393
11.345
15, 128
23 781
1 , 006
25, 443
50, 305
22, 491
24, 483
12,002
22 919
874
22, 505
36,718
17.200
21,097
5, 953
23 225
454
20, 310
39, 628
19, 407
25, 756
3, 751
17, 520
193
21,096
44, 223
15,004
19, 829
18,408
14, 755
130
21,002
48, 224
14,308
23, 895
12, 626
14, 264
104
18, 837
43, 685
13, 895
28, 757
14, 470
16, 346
604
18, 050
46, 617
11.311
21, 493
7,103
16, 921
1,700
21, 802
58, 624
12, 186
23, 917
11,047
13, 592
599
17, 360
44, 343
13, 237
19, 061
1 7, 654
271
37, 749
19, 265
3 224
59 580
21,438
575
36, 825
19, 009
560
59 242
19, 256
519
33, 569
17, 284
1 890
52 167
20, 921
775
38, 909
17, 745
1 490
49 886
19,047
742
34, 514
14, 338
455
57, 140
19, 548
590
39, 894
15, 483
2 661
58 230
19, 409
203
39, 550
15,846
2 138
51, 430
18, 827
255
41,977
17, 095
3 428
67, 887
17, 638
174
34, 098
14,813
703
64, 316
20. 096
548
40, 493
16. 630
2, 171
58, 732
20, 914
373
41, 993
18, 344
1,921
57, 508
14, 984
631
37, 706
16, 703
855
58, 803
239 314
240 443
226 908
221 750
218 043
222 179
224, 127
255, 940
243, 247
243, 319
267, 212
232, 693
294 457
8, 620
77, 450
13, 820
60 606
35 471
20, 248
45, 946
312 797
8,434
76, 936
23, 106
43 795
37 809
30, 670
50,125
294 259
7, 925
54, 698
20. 509
43 653
27 877
33, 025
55 957
314 594
17, 232
59, 618
10, 663
33, 852
35 128
38, 377
56, 506
334 006
14,945
66, 267
14, 765
42. 582
44 215
41,499
55, 827
355 597
15,412
78, 931
23,151
41,384
45 470
43, 408
52, 527
285, 742
1 2, 364
42, 171
24, 084
26, 713
44, 565
34, 556
54,114
309, 073
9,625
64, 674
21,806
32. 379
48, 519
35, 950
57, 637
306, 698
9,730
58, 425
23. 632
44, 649
43, 439
30, 469
56, 497
316.144
9,321
75, 032
16, 943
36, 173
40. 646
32. 535
59, 832
284, 225
11,556
59, 090
16, 865
32, 066
46, 995
25, 944
55, 267
304, 434
7,717
79. 241
19, 253
40,412
36, 493
28, 576
56, 704
Nonagricultural products, total©
mil.
Automobiles, parts, and accessories
thous.
Chemicals and related products§
Coal and related fuels
Iron and steel-mill products
Machinery total §©
Agricultural
Tractors parts and accessories
Electrical
Metalworking§
_ __ __
Other industrial
Petroleum and products
Textiles and manufactures
-
Latin American Republics total©
Argentina
Brazil
Chile
Colombia
Cuba
A'lexico
Venezuela
do
do
do _
do
do
do
do
_-do. _
By economic classes:
Crude materials
thous
Crude foodstuffs
IVIaniifactured foodstuffs and beverages
Semimanufactures
ofdol
do
do
do
By principal commodities:
Cocoa or cacao bean^ incl shells
Coffee
do
do
T?i bbo
ndp i n p l n d i n f f
ffiiavule
Sugar
"Wool and mohair unmanufactured
do
do
do
Nonagricultural products total©
do
Furs and manufactures
do
Nonferrous ores, metals, and manufactures, total
thous of dol
Copper incl ore and manufactures
do
Tin including ore
do
Paper base stocks
do
Newsprint
do
Petroleum and products
do
1, 673. 6
1, 601. 7
1, 506. 6 '1.506.1 Pl,643. 6
1 013 5
1 052 8
999 1
1 048 6
1 034 9
1 071 9
976.9
1, 069 9
1,027 4
995. 7
260 968
172. 368
78 589
255. 240
231 929
269, 457
181,590
95, 817
254, 004
247 709
263 127
195, 589
96, 021
245, 766
234 365
263 955
215, 189
100 913
239, 988
251 866
241, 998
144, 605
101, 054
237, 042
249 179
264. 084
162, 001
105,701
256,604
281, 531
245, 665
174, 997
105, 562
243, 596
257, 571
1.044.9
'
248, 233
190. 023
1 DO, 038
236. 081
270. 568
1. 041. 4
248 195
193, 968
105 311
252, 541
252 805
262, 083
146, 392
107, 096
247, 630
278, 191
243, 982
181,028
91, 735
229, 207
249. 739
353 348
9 869
146, 813
4 887
39 120
28, 744
21 522
360 782
13 987
138, 341
4 476
43 216
27, 898
18 898
320 348
12 445
123. 464
3 907
41 559
18,919
17 677
379, 547
21, 239
122, 152
5 269
49 140
39, 082
28, 486
379 694
17,014
141, 484
5 793
44 250
42. 789
27, 095
403 103
16, 749
159, 628
7 192
42 746
44, 523
26, 903
317, 133
12. 437
92, 306
6,708
38 196
39, 020
21, 410
332, 663
15. 872
107, 882
7,760
27 363
40. 156
22, 829
326, 105
11. 568
125, 656
6, 729
23 108
44. 179
16, 960
339. 788
10, 803
1 40, 530
4,828
24, 704
12. 695
18, 174
304, 311
8, 153
99, 729
6, 494
22, 981
46. 321
19, 276
320,512
6,748
139, 282
3,308
25, 661
37, 461
14, 398
660, 156
3,646
692, 039
3,568
678, 747
15, 145
669, 030
9, 224
655, 173
9,067
668, 808
8,914
659. 745
7, 651
737, 258
7,547
701, 286
7,170
7)5, 155
5, 694
737, 079
' 4,939
675, 180
4,553
121 351
45 161
15 076
28, 942
53, 222
81,624
124 986
48 257
14 272
29, 874
54. 740
95, 387
127
50
13
24,
57,
107,
110 608
28 393
16, 350
29, 361
55, 838
105. 804
118 762
41 930
18, 459
28. 628
52, 629
97, 225
112 670
42 457
14, 273
25. 673
54, 376
105, 516
121 103
48, 276
13, 043
24, 214
53, 804
95, 855
124 638
47, 007
12, 456
29, 087
61, 660
106, 894
121 883
51, 805
10, 783
29. 024
57, 165
102, 406
107, 544
39, 480
11,635
29, 995
,59, 962
1 10, 425
119,944
41,498
13, 121
31,910
60, 289
104, 039
113, 206
36, 074
13, 065
27, 759
52, 400
104, 179
639
158
595
595
282
461
1,120.0
907
46, 129
686 162, 386
553 . 223, 296
312 232. 693
883
95. 963
779 231, 531
245 025
191. 177
95 044
239 459
242 798
;
!
;
1 L30.5
' Revised.
*> Preliminary.
J Revisions for January 1954-July 1955 will be shown later.
^ See similar note on p. S-21.
cf Data for January-June 1956 are based on classifications in Schedule G and are not entirely comparable with other months.
9 Data for semimanufactures reported as "special category, type 1" are included with finished manufactures. Effective with the October 1956 SURVEY, private relief shipments of food
products are included under manufactured foodstuffs rather than under finished manufactures, where they had been reported through 1955.
©Includes data not shown separately.
§Excludes "special category, type 1" e xports.
SURVEY OF CURRENT BUSINESS
December 1956
1955
Unless otherwise stated, statistics through 1954 and
descriptive notes are shown in the 1955 edition of
DecemOctober NovemBUSINESS STATISTICS
ber
ber
S-23
1956
January
February
March
April
May
June
July
August
Septem- October November
ber
TRANSPORTATION AND COMMUNICATIONS
TRANSPORTATION
Airlines
Operations on scheduled airlines:§
Miles flown, revenue
Express and freight ton-miles
Mail, ton-miles
flown
Passengers carried, revenue
Passenger-rnile.3 flown, revenue
thousands..
__do_
__do _
do
.-millions
49, 201
21,526
7, 01 5
3,081
1, 674
45, 592
19, 257
7, 009
2 705
1,453
48, 500
21, 510
10, 077
2 724
1,578
47, 988
16, 756
7, 145
2 810
1 , 653
44, 500
16, 108
7, 181
2 645
1, 507
49, 081
18, 766
6,739
3 034
1, 743
50. 204
16, 702
7, 216
3 172
1, 787
52, 625
18, 560
7 742
3 230
] 782
52, 823
19, 083
7, 179
3 536
2, 085
54 891
18, 069
6 810
3 097
1 878
55, 582
22. 256
7, 408
3 392
2, 007
53, 368
22, 747
7 018
3 301
1,902
thous of dol
do. ._
33 730
14, 193
33 761
13, 476
40 978
14, 304
29 516
8,322
29 441
8, 836
33 471
12', 388
31 657
11,742
32 137
ll[ 756
32 425
12, 360
30 094
10, 664
33 134
13', 508
32 038
11,354
cents
__millions__
mil. of dol
14 7
775
120 0
14 7
770
122 3
14 8
803
131 5
14 8
740
119 4
14 9
712
115 2
14 9
783
124 4
15 0
737
119 5
15 0
776
124 0
15 0
708
114 9
15 0
654
111 0
15 1
6SO
15 1
685
106 4
15 2
771
1150
flown
.
Express Operations
Transportation revenues
Express privilege payments
_ _
Local Transit Lines
Fares average cash rate O
Passengers carried, revenue
Operating revenues
.
Large Motor Carriers (Intercity)
Carriers of property (quarterly totals) :!
Number 0of reporting carriers
._
Operatin ' revenues, total
thous. of dol
Expenses, total
__
._ _ _ . d o __
Revenue freight carried
thous. of tons..
Carriers of passengers, class I (quarterly totals):
Number of reporting carriers
_ ..
Operating revenues, total
thous. of dol
Expenses, total
_ __do
Revenue passengers carried
..thousands _
Class I Steam Railways
Freight carloadirigs (A. \. R ):cf ©
Total cars
thousands
Coal
_
._do
Coke
do
Forest products
_.
_. __ _ _ d o
( } rain and grain products
do
Livestock
..
__do_ _
Ore
do
Merchandis.% 1. c. 1
do
Miscellaneous
_do
Freight carloadings (Federal Reserve indexes):©
Total, unadjusted
1935 -39 = 100. _
Coal
do
Coke
.
_do_ _
Forest products
do
Grain and grain products
_do
Livestock ._
_. .
do
Ore
do
Merchandise, 1. c. 1
do_ _ _
Miscellaneous
do
783
865 023
851, 862
58, 566
...
153
89 499
86 371
80, 198
3,282
545
52
184
232
58
320
260
1,630
139
115
166
149
162
103
283
41
154
r
r
3 034
r r 548
52
167
207
50
r
248
247
1 515
135
121
173
141
149
91
212
40
149
900
860 387
832 029
60, 038
892
883 010
840 256
58, 644
152
78 348
81 080
67, 635
151
95 227
86 566
71 404
3 417
726
69
210
220
46
103
284
1 760
2 713
573
55
173
185
34
74
225
1 , 394
2 751
563
55
173
182
26
80
238
1 433
3 517
662
67
226
239
35
110
312
1 866
2 969
536
52
179
196
29
202
245
1 529
3 115
551
53
184
202
26
331
242
1 526
3 862
646
62
236
293
30
432
290
1 873
2 397
396
17
178
245
27
85
218
1 230
2 916
546
34
198
225
37
234
2419
1 40
3 938
700
59
228
262
60
418
304
1 908
3 284
584
49
181
927
59
349
249
1 584
124
124
181
140
127
66
73
37
137
124
123
181
145
135
62
67
37
137
121
115
171
141
129
47
71
38
136
123
109
168
146
135
50
78
39
140
128
111
164
145
138
52
180
39
144
132
114
168
151
143
47
298
38
145
131
107
155
155
170
44
304
37
143
110
87
55
151
179
51
78
36
121
126
113
118
159
155
67
224
38
135
138
120
156
151
154
91
313
40
150
138
120
155
146
159
103
304
39
149
Total, seasonally adjusted
do
129
131
134
130
137
133
131
132
123
127
107
126
128
121
115
124
123
Coal
_
_do
114
109
111
115
87
107
120
113
120
Coke
do
169
173
172
172
167
167
161
170
123
57
158
158
157
Forest products
_
do
141
144
145
158
161
147
146
145
149
151
152
140
138
162
152
Grain and grain products
do
136
163
146
135
157
131
149
167
159
143
138
Livestock __
_
do
72
67
68
65
52
63
59
59
69
58
58
67
71
202
202
235
Ore
do
268
285
208
r 215
268
208
49
196
149
208
Merchandise, 1. c. L _
do
40
40
39
38
39
39
38
39
36
38
38
38
38
Miscellaneous.
_
do __
141
143
145
145
143
149
148
146
137
120
139
138
134
Freight-car surplus and shortage, daily average:©
3,574
3,505
5, 558
5,121
3,854
5, 757
6,910
4,477
Car surplus, total 9
- number
7 663 24, 806
4 715
3 763
13 640
Boxcars
do
136
247
1,451
2 172
598
2 577
777
366
979
3 767
27
3 218
446
7 519
Gondolas and open hoppers
_
_ do
894
359
761
27
0
870
444
165
448
17 683
148
40
Car shortage, total 9
do
4 014
20, 942
15 916
3 673
2 945
12 371
6 999
4 802
3 355
5 674
6 882
6 686
15 883
4 3i(j
8 952
1 484
Boxcars
do
11,615
1 503
2 366
3 557
2 642
3 844
3 797
2 966
6 085
2 905
3 5(>i
9 174
8, 692
Gondolas and open hoppers
do
6 672
2 929
2 005
1 246
740
1 430
870
735
7 604
3' 490
Financial operations:©
Operating revenues, total 9
mil. of dol
* 907. 7
873.9
874 9
889 0
858.2
831 6
925 4
814 2
900 5
807 6
877 9
907 3
963 2
r
Freight
do
777. 6
744 1
706 4
749 2
703 9
695 1
745 2
795 0
759 7
764 7
670 7
759 8
828 0
Passenger,
_ _
. d o
55. 9
57.8
69. 9
65. 1
57.8
59 3
59. 7
57.3
69 1
60 1
72 2
56 5
70 9
Operating expenses
do
671.3
656.8
695. 2
661 4
641 1
701 6
657 9
678 4
654 4
679 7
686 4
671 0
Tax accruals, joint facility and equipment rents
mil. of doL.
114.1
125.4
85.3
107.3
106. 1
121.3
121.6
91.8
124. 0
119.1
112.7
119.5
Net railway operating income. _
do
110.9
103. 1
62 9
89 0
94 2
77.8
(57 0
102 5
97 4
103 6
95 0
61 4
121 7
77 6
47 i
Net income
do
90.0
79 9
95 0
46 4
86 7
85 8
43 3
70 1
73 7
77 2
Operating results:©
Freight carried 1 rnile _ _
mil. of ton-miles
55, 229
60, 694
53, 722
53 044
58 648
54 350
57 350
56 373
56 802
55 414
48 304
57 606
Revenue per ton-mile
cents
1.332
1 385
1 . 36(5
1 339
1 404
1 385
1 400
1 354
1 439
1 380
1 392
2 584
Passengers carried 1 mile, revenue
millions
2 152
2 162
2 646
2 121
2 79?
2 215
2 449
2 101
2 745
2 200
Waterway Traffic
Clearances, vessels in foreign trade:
Total U. S. ports
thous. of net tons- 11,978
11,319
10, 729
9,961
9,584
13, 388
10, 815
11,453
14, 476
13, 288
13,347
Foreign vessels
do
8 321
7 823
8 828
8 122
9 767
7 989
8 403
7 458
9 644
10? 788
9 922
United States vessels
do
3, 150
2 998
3 621
2 607
2 139
3' 644
3' 425
2 826
3 050
2 126
3 688
Panama Canal:
Total
_
thous. of long tons
3 279
3,810
3 874
3 707
4 045
3 744
3 508
3 819
3 814
3 559
3 871
3 576
3 878
In United States vessels __
...do __
1,045
1, 268
1,051
1, 026
1,137
894
l! 089
891
968
1. 022
l! 027
1.055
1. 048
r
Revised.
§ Beginning January 1955, data include local service operations of one carrier.
0 Revisions for January-December 1954 are available upon request.
\Data beginning 1st quarter 1955 cover large motor carriers having annual operating revenues of $1,000,000 or above.
©Beginning January 1956, data cover the revised I. C. C. list of class I line-haul railroads; i. e., carriers having annual operating revenues of $3,000,000 or more (old basis, $1,000,000 or
Restated (year-ago) figures, as shown for 1955, are adjusted to the revised basis as follows: Carloadings (thousands) through November 1955; financial operations for October 1955.
c?Data for December 1955 and March, June, and September 1956 are for 5 weeks; other months, 4 weeks. 9 Includes data not shown separately.
2 988
' 563
50
166
203
44
265
230
1 468
132
122
166
140
147
77
224
37
144
128
122
166
143
150
61
21 5
37
138
4 228
1 104
24
7? 844
2 355
5 345
more).
SURVEY OF CUERENT BUSINESS
S-24
Unless otherwise stated, statistics through 1954 and
descriptive notes are shown in the 1955 edition of
BUSINESS STATISTICS
December 1956
1955
1956
DecemOctober November
ber
January
February
March
April
May
June
July
August
Septem- October November
ber
TRANSPORTATION AND COMMUNICATIONS—Continued
TRANSPORTATION— Continued
Travel
Hotels:
8.17
\verage sale per occupied room
_
dollars
78
Rooms occupied
percent of total .
265
Restaurant sales index
same month 1929=100
Foreign travel: 1
104, 192
U S citizens \rrivals
number
75, 861
Departures
_
do
66, 381
Aliens' Arrivals
do
45, 025
Departures. . _ . - - _
_ __ -do
26. 746
Passports issued and renewed
. _ . . _. do
1,170
National parks visitors
thousands
Pullman Co.:
555
Revenue passenger-miles
millions
7, 252
Passenger revenues
thous of dol
8.07
71
260
7.10
58
236
7.53
71
257
7.47
75
257
7.30
72
239
8.03
76
282
7.33
74
294
7.99
74
286
7.48
64
240
8.37
71
273
8.17
74
268
84, 890
68, 484
56, 839
38, 984
25, 996
432
83, 769
77, 843
58, 763
49,371
28,310
310
84, 006
88, 208
56, 135
34, 274
36, 660
345
87. 568
96, 072
50, 935
35. 978
44. 658
356
100, 607
113,450
66, 198
41, 439
61, 160
451
95, 512
115, 267
70, 050
43, 420
70, 533
695
97, 163
116, 504
71, 572
45, 758
79, 022
1.141
116, 598
169, 866
74, 695
53, 235
61. 637
3, 008
144, 294
157,539
82, 192
52, 603
54, 512
4, 755
168,916
133,981
86, 161
55, 472
41, 001
4,660
31, 930
2,214
561
7,311
599
7,827
701
9, 181
606
7,938
587
7,693
553
7,239
491
6.919
583
8.243
551
7,807
561
7,842
506
7. 159
475, 879
273, 400
162, 431
312, 558
68, 096
48, 232
477, 855
275, 117
162, 516
317, 949
66, 582
48. 550
494, 741
281, 632
171, 100
339, 907
67, 361
48, 928
487, 210
281, 381
164,415
322, 446
66, 367
49, 216
481, 642
279, 770
160, 248
317, 403
65, 936
49, 488
500, 384
284, 427
174, 199
335, 426
65, 934
49, 790
497, 170
285, 273
169 239
327, 381
68 677
50, 056
508. 204
287, 980
177 309
341, 681
67, 478
50. 346
506. 108
288, 724
173.635
334. 396
70, 217
50,' 568
504, 721
286, 352
174, 157
339, 207
67, 683
50,819
519, 153
289, 298
184, 899
345, 077
71, 485
51, 097
19, 074
16, 470
1.872
18, 665
16, 365
1, 592
20. 376
1 7, 209
2, 770
18. 720
16,658
1, 155
18, 395
15. 985
1, 622
20, 058
16. 920
2,220
18, 842
16, 345
1, 602
20, 288
17, 284
2, 086
20, 020
17, 766
1.334
19,013
18,019
90
20, 544
18, 542
1,114
19, 565
17, 550
1, 354
2.831
1.983
578
2,724
2. 030
448
3. 040
1, 966
798
2, 903
2 145
482
2, 692
2, 066
369
2,832
2, 105
458
2,725
2, 134
334
2, 816
2,292
255
2, 854
2. 102
487
2, 839
2,140
434
2,826
2,143
440
2. 760
2. 106
408
2,985
2 311
' 572
2, 973
2 428
473
3, 250
2 557
639
3, 083
2 453
512
2, 961
2 390
465
3, 174
2 442
620
3, 123
2 459
549
3, 269
2 509
637
3,237
2,430
688
3,177
2,440
628
3, 307
2,484
705
3,044
2 384
580
8.58
81 !
278 i
31,578 ! 24,299
1,151 !
COMMUNICATIONS
Telephone carriers:
Operating revenues 9
Station revenues
Tolls message
Operating expenses, before taxes
Net operating income
Phones in service, end of month
thous. of dol
- do
do
do.
do
thousands
Telegraph, cable, and radiotelegraph carriers:
Wire -telegraph:
Operating revenues
thous of dol.
Operating expenses incl depreciation
do
N^t operating revenues
do
Ocean-cable:
Operating revenues
do _ .
Operating expenses incl depreciation
do
Net operating revenues
do
Radiotelegraph:
Open, tin°" revenues
do
Net operating revenues
do
CHEMICALS AND ALLIED PRODUCTS
CHEMICALS
Inorganic chemicals, production:
Ammonia, synthetic anhydrous (commercial)
short tons
Calcium carbide (commercial)
do
Carbon dioxide liquid gas and solid
do
Chlorine °"as
do
Hydrochloric acid (100% HC1)
do
Vitric acid (100% HN03)
do
Oxygen (high purity)
mil of cu. ft
Phosphoric acid (50% HsPOO
short tons._
Sodium carbonate (soda ash), synthetic (58%, NagO)
short tons. Sodium bichromate and chromate
do
Sodium hydroxide (100% \TaOH)
do
Sodium silicate, soluble silicate glass (anhydrous)
short tons^_
Sodium sulfate (Glauber's salt and crude salt cake)
short tons-Sulfuric acid:
Production (100% HzSO-O
thous. of short tons__
Price, wholesale, 66°, tanks, at works
dol. per short ton__
Organic chemicals :<?
Acetic acid (synthetic and natural), production
thous. of lb._
\ceticanhydride production
do
Acetylsalicylic acid (aspirin), production
do
Alcohol, ethyl:
Production
thous. of proof gal _
Stocks end of month total
do
In industrial alcohol bonded warehouses. -.do
In denaturing plants
do
Used for denaturation
do
Withdrawn tax-paid
do
Alcohol, denatured:
Production
thous. of wine galConsumption (withdrawals)
do
Stocks end of month
do
257, 014
81, 693
' 77, 232
320, 882
' 77, 549
265, 868
76, 033
63, 138
316, 614
79, 237
268. 859
80, 686
52, 806
308, 113
76,418
272, 748
85,611
49, 467
316, 948
78, 154
279. 055
83, 335
49, 087
318, 438
81,021
280, 743
91, 550
46, 714
303. 052
74, 897
316, 734
87, 155
54, 249
326, 480
81, 245
306, 172
83, 128
58, 382
322, 428
78, 467
310,422
82, 776
74, 169
326, 726
77, 365
262, 093
83, 824
92, 425
308, 928
74, 168
248, 384
74, 490
95, 002
255, 541
57, 777
242, 584
76, 718
94, 183
298. 799
68, 513
190 556
2,582
320, 269
199, 341
2,644
298, 313
212,921
2, 734
301,081
216, 361
2,732
329, 101
211,530
2, 642
313, 691
233, 094
2,903
331,581
210. 216
2 727
312^054
194, 151
2,817
322, 354
177, 228
2,620
299, 338
173. 527
1,524
235, 900
188, 875 183, 498
2. 643
2, 416
263, 647 -289,747
193, 472
2. 883
320. 709
442. 612
10, 801
357,013
434,159
10, 287
345, 872
432,319
10, 398
356, 573
428, 654
11,383
357, 956
416,418
10,347
341,351
436, 137
10,910
369, 483
431,962
9,939
361, 981
443, 5fi9
9, 954
369, 173
405, 607
9,444
347, 304
402, 926
7,779
283, 019
409, 008
10, 344
327, 407
403. 414
10, 263
354, 664
423. 468
10, 657
366, 521
47, 597
60, 779
72, 434
75, 977
r
267, 824
94. 472
70. 367
333. 775
83. 680
56, 279
58, 811
53, 826
55, 209
57, 706
52, 261
54, 728
55, 292
46, 827
45, 569
51,929
74, 570
74, 934
70, 329
76, 575
68,390
70, 333
71,445
72, 678
63, 421
61, 926
66, 657
1,355
1,418
1, 469
1,437
1,350
1,441
1,363
1,382
1, 270
1,130
1,182
1,272
1,380
22. 35
22 35
22. 35
22. 35
22.35
22.35
22.35
22.35
22.35
22. 35
22.35
22. 35
P 22. 35
47,014
70, 722
1,705
47, 263
73, 491
1,385
47, 771
80. 027
1 , 606
49, 619
77. 404
1,225
42, 662
73, 385
1,931
41,851
79,150
1,728
45, 006
71,802
1,412
44, 221
77, 102
1,453
46, 410
74, 232
1,731
44. 480
73. 797
1,271
47, 922
72, 202
1,046
44, 357
74, 808
1,003
40, 903
40, 273
28, 062
12,211
36, 894
908
41,911
44, 710
34,912
9,798
37, 787
946
41,172
40, 479
30. 726
9, 753
49, 178
888
40, 447
41, 989
33. 245
8,744
38, 770
783
39, 122
36, 999
28. 070
8,928
42, 042
867
40, 838
35, 728
28, 682
7,045
49, 506
1,061
38, 248
33. 178
26, 475
6,703
39, 506
965
45, 901
35, 364
25, 638
9,726
45, 529
858
43, 755
38. 165
25, 853
12,311
41,375
1,033
40. 044
40, 613
28. 898
11,715
38, 960
574
38, 201
43, 576
30, 807
12, 770
36, 692
917
32, 942
40, 078
30. 486
9,591
40. 054
900
36, 066
37, 290
27, 157
10, 132
38, 498
1,120
19, 914
22, 607
7,079
20, 383
21, 273
6,065
26,421
25, 491
7,701
20, 378
21,748
6,487
22, 666
22, 464
6, 699
26, 629
23, 687
9, 551
21, 280
21, 501
9,371
24, 464
24, 854
8,880
22, 346
24, 388
6,855
20, 932
19, 050
8,678
19, 770
20, 930
7,356
21,487
19,115
9,964
20, 769
20, 106
10, 588
Creosote oil, production
thous. of gal__ 10, 340
10, 273
DDT production
thous o f l b
7,809
Ethyl acetate (85%) production
do
84, 693
Ethylene glycol, production
do
107, 005
Formaldehyde (37% HCHO) production
do
Glycerin, refined, all grades:
23, 093
Production
do
17. 647
Consumption
do
30, 241
Stocks end of month
do
Methanol, production:
197
Natural
thous. of gal._
17, 698
Synthetic
do
Phthalic anhvdride. nroduction
_ thous. o f l b .
31. 174
10, 723
10,310
6,124
75, 535
111,181
9,710
10, 991
7, 636
82, 575
107, 479
9,539
11,592
9. 360
90, 684
111,691
8,787
10, 742
7,702
81,911
110,519
i 10, 166
11,083
6, 791
81,632
121, 906
i 9, 162
10, 967
6,820
80,315
112, 692
10, 165
13,712
7, 204
80, 050
116,444
11,400
12, 100
5,398
85, 686
112,656
i 5, 370
11, 927
6,736
72, 263
86, 139
9,160
12, 138
8,111
84, 495
108, 512
10, 130
11,912
6,111
89. 261
114.' 430
21,819
17,054
30, 546
22, 943
15,719
34, 280
24, 836
16, 297
37, 188
23, 114
15, 686
40, 497
22, 641
16, 608
45, 146
22, 197
16, 940
45, 184
21,234
16, 874
47, 087
20, 415
16, 254
48, 468
13, 914
14. 142
46, 357
20. 767
15, 785
48, 127
19, 705
15, 523
48, 862
186
17, 206
29. 980
196
19, 675
29, 749
206
19, 020
30, 522
178
17, 070
28, 714
189
20, 703
29, 625
204
19, 078
28, 271
199
17,814
24, 507
194
19, 386
22, 919
200
19. 054
24, 965
196
19, 720
24, 143
198
17, 468
22, 690
r
Revised.
» Preliminary.
1 Incomplete; comparable amount for February 1956 is 8,04' ,000 gallons, and for June 1956, 9,983,000 gallons,
9 Includes data not shown separately.
cfData (except for alcohol) are reported on basis of 100-percent content of the specified mate rial unless otherwise indicated.
r
8 39
69
257
189
SUEVEY OF CUEEENT BUSINESS
December 1956
1955
Unless otherwise stated, statistics through 1954 and
descriptive notes are shown in the 1955 edition of
DecemBUSINESS STATISTICS
October November
ber
S-25
1956
January
February
March
April
May
June
July
October NovemAugust September
ber
CHEMICALS AND ALLIED PRODUCTS—Continued
FERTILIZERS
Consumption (10 States)©
Kxports total 9
Nitrogenous materials. _ _
Phosphate materials
Potash materials
thous. of short tons _
440
479, 083
short tons
82, 376
__do
369, 312
do
13, 771
do
428
357, 494
86, 295
240 749
18, 490
380
355, 131
107, 810
228, 560
11, 379
404
296 391
76, 338
196 184
12, 542
703
403, 162
76, 991
288 648
30, 016
1,528
482 Oil
118,932
318 514
32, 799
1,692
416 569
79, 2] 3
274 267
45, 726
1,166
545 313
128 552
372 716
34 375
656
157 126
91, 469
336 710
16 400
237
613 473
69, 233
509 481
29 828
187
470, 576
71, 239
339, 885
47, 438
246
382 891
55, 303
294 718
18, 299
Imports total 9
do
Nitrogenous materials, total
_
do
Nitrate of soda ._
do_ _
Phosphate materials
do
Potash materials -do
Price, wholesale, nitrate of soda, crude, f. o. b. cars,
port warehouses
dol. per short ton
149, 481
85, 902
28, 273
8,654
33, 838
179 487
121, 309
34, 652
10 157
34, 581
198, 728
126, 789
53, 060
19, 962
40, 156
268, 693
200, 595
51,124
10 200
38 378
246, 446
173, 386
25. 109
7 920
32, 974
293 081
187, 857
63, 410
11 474
51, 501
266 838
195, 624
80, 688
8 538
19, 991
181 943
110 427
48, 581
12 436
7,344
132 153
84, 171
53, 620
15 564
3,893
70 690
42, 309
6,212
7,369
6,099
129, 891
67, 116
0
14, 522
24, 081
143 824
70, 070
0
18, 311
32, 946
51.25
51 25
51 25
51 25
51 25
51 25
51.25
51 25
51 25
51.25
51.25
51.25
P 49, 54
Potash deliveries
- short tons
Superphosphate (100% available phosphoric acid) :
Production
- short tons
Stocks end of month
do
145, 617
161 564
153, 431
198 820
223, 621
210, 257
257, 348
144 256
60, 904
92, 399
124, 323
139, 283
147, 407
214,998
318, 612
216 397
333 858
230, 776 J253 904
376, 099 J418 373
243 934
432, 524
246, 634
371, 161
241, 236
292, 981
222 820
320, 768
169 418
388, 630
136, 584
405, 765
143, 146
407, 485
170, 533
393, 805
206, 789
392, 205
521
69, 983
411
67 244
418
63, 900
522
66 692
461
63 987
526
71 445
451
77 634
238
84 290
572
82 831
389
70, 574
448
82, 333
415
78,839
441
88,843
545
3,004
537
3 095
574
3 181
531
3 216
476
3 194
486
3 205
504
3 240
543
3 277
565
3 330
621
3,494
598
3,637
524
3,681
16, 326
15, 143
11, 399
20 261
14, 532
13 492
16, 168
11,312
15 423
17 913
12, 499
14 519
21, 294
15, 024
14 398
18, 957
14, 386
12 316
19 619
15, 972
11 584
22 294
18, 361
13 417
18 738
13, 919
14 497
17, 090
14, 422
16, 377
17,836
20, 197
11, 679
14, 712
16, 557
7,895
18,305
19,200
8,386
223, 301
140, 555
311, 126
198, 140
131, 086
297, 957
225, 356
144, 904
299, 535
37, 688 r 21, 703
r
11, 457
9, 748
86, 981 '114,465
12,988
11, 973
113, 710
r
r
MISCELLANEOUS
Explosives (industrial), shipments:
Black blasting powder
thous. of Ib
High explosives
do
Sulfur (native):
Production
thous. of long tons
Stocks (producers') end of month
do
FATS, OILS, OILSEEDS, AND BYPRODUCTS
Animal fats and greases :cf
Tallow, edible:
Production
thous.
Consumption factory 1
_
Stock (incl refined grades) end of month
Tallow and grease (except wool), inedible:
Production
-Consumption factory^
Stocks (excl refined grades) end of month
do
do
do
221, 236
137, 471
240 419
249, 132
134 692
267 871
237, 018
137, 387
289 745
240, 277
127 518
303 179
241, 645
132, 720
318 893
240, 360
138, 274
331 771
224, 044
134 718
309 836
242, 578
139 055
308 466
222, 085
129 162
322 302
207, 829
104, 126
329, 256
Fish and marine mammal oils:A
Production t
Consumption factory
Stocks end of month
do
do
do
15, 432
12, 375
98, 049
12,200
12 977
104 893
5,235
13 796
104, 728
1,570
10 911
85 414
497
13 562
69, 536
686
13, 048
54, 579
2,480
10 280
50, 679
18, 143
10 706
73, 762
34, 638
10 509
75, 052
39, 214
9,053
85, 977
671
573
665
597
616
591
639
590
607
614
584
624
529
543
496
552
416
452
364
376
395
456
497
448
699
624
563
426
654
468
678
523
692
567
645
566
621
550
609
595
571
583
527
515
519
426
471
348
503
313
548
343
Vegetable oils, oilseeds, and byproducts:
Vegetable oils, total:
Production crude J
Consumption crude factory!
Stocks, end of month :J
Crude t
Refined §
-
76
43
3
40
916
677
375
302
133 907
40, 859
2 836
38 023
131 374
52, 034
3 102
48 932
109 214
29, 824
3 386
26 438
169 923
45, 478
4 875
40 603
98, 657
32, 089
1,476
30 612
106 478
31, 327
2 738
28 588
150 194
35, 101
3 622
31 479
119, 263
44, 895
5,728
39, 167
103,369
45,248
2,937
42, 312
172, 437
24, 992
1,215
23, 777
short tons
do
do
31 940
19 431
27, 335
26 873
I/ 267
23 401
25 407
20 137
22, 268
31 035
23 721
37 014
21 590
16, 460
22, 990
24 593
23,023
31, 942
26 708
21,444
18, 629
25 164
23 457
29, 195
30 614
20 016
26,309
29, 643
10,830
22, 350
25, 879
13, 350
27, 474
25, 171
16, 690
26, 523
35, 504
12, 967
thous of Ib
do
40 689
32, 465
34 378
31,688
32 532
25, 719
39 330
28, 902
27,263
30, 376
31 511
33, 254
33, 716
32, 478
32 347
36, 081
39 306
36, 377
38, 138
27, 650
33, 590
32, 345
32, 586
31,906
45, 059
33, 630
do
do
49, 213
32 720
49 273
32 535
42, 972
27 072
47, 851
27 613
48, 172
30 756
52, 514
31 756
52, 427
32, 251
58, 181
34 949
55, 970
35 335
44, 211
25, 816
52, 165
33, 397
50,553
29, 379
52, 414
32, 175
do
do
do
78, 825
12 581
9,244
75 871
14 407
19, 139
75, 913
13 164
10, 367
82, 707
15 108
20, 085
71,642
12,468
8,259
66, 659
16, 433
20, 617
61, 595
14, 616
10, 901
53, 157
14, 388
12, 688
59, 566
13, 745
17, 430
61,160
13, 456
13, 587
51, 861
13, 068
27,033
61, 767
13, 620
11, 368
58, 391
11,483
thous of short tons
do
1 689
708
1 898
1 406
781
2 523
570
672
2 421
169
692
1 898
72
618
1 353
38
497
895
16
387
523
19
258
285
20
151
154
142
119
177
365
182
361
1,274
526
1,108
1,573
722
1,959
short tons
do
328 503
170 721
370 633
173 742
317, 153
163 049
320 731
191 461
287. 668
220 215
229, 954
250 690
179, 398
258, 381
123, 115
245, 736
74, 363
214, 803
62,286
164, 187
85, 222
120,288
249, 069
140, 916
346, 400
170, 814
thous of Ib
do
236, 807
155,640
262 589
204,267
226, 931
192,182
231 041
192, 547
211,401
180, 058
170, 524
155, 007
136, 275
123, 785
91, 144
74, 437
54,412
38, 162
43, 472
40, 375
58,108
52, 108
165, 478
96, 275
241, 749
147, 953
140, 847
125, 255
24, 473
189, 943
130 453
31,115
185, 720
117,038
26, 834
174,915
123 015
31, 208
182, 780
147, 672
30, 949
180, 538
148, 382
32, 223
148, 190
116,480
19, 034
112, 797
125, 619
21, 706
73, 667
105, 688
17, 125
34,607
84,298
13, 986
47,268
104, 902
17, 671
69, 432
96, 977
19,353
161, 282
124, 424
23,681
283
324
378
417
417
.204
.223
416
384
.225
328
.210
244
.190
180
.190
158
.190
197
P. 200
do
Cottonseed cake and meal:J
Production
Stocks at mills end of month
Cottonseed oil, crude:!
Production
Stocks end of month
Cottonseed oil, refined:
Production
Consumption factory
In margarine
do
do
do
Stocks end of month §J
T>vint\
vrrVirtlnoala
HTTITne fM
do
do
63 517
24, 732
1 145
23 587
Copra:
Consumption factory
Stocks end of month
Imports
Coconut or copra oil:
Production:
Crude
Refined
Consumption, factory:
Crude J
Refined.
Stocks, end of month:
Crude
Refined
Imports
Stories at millp end of month
mil. oflb
do
thous of Ib
do
do
do
Exports
Imports total
Paint oils
All other vegetable oils
Cottonseed: J
Receipts at mills
Consumption (crush)
of Ib
do
do
mil oflb
V
N
Hnl
T»Ar 1h
1Q1
1SS
1«»
1Q2
397
.224
1
' Revised
* Preliminary.
Beginning 1956, "other phosphatic fertilizers" are included. Such data for January 1956 are as follows: Production, 17,340 tons; stocks, 20,843 tons.
estates represented are: North Carolina, South Carolina, Georgia, Florida, Alabama, Tennessee, Arkansas, Louisiana, Texas, Oklahoma. According to quarterly reports from Virginia,
consumption in that State is as follows (thous. short tons): 1955—January-March, 287; April-June, 349; July-September, 71; October-December, 92; 1956—January-March, 270; April-June, 325;
July-September, 76.
9 Includes data not shown separately.
cf For data on lard, see p. S-29. Figures prior to 1955 for tallow (not shown in the 1955 BUSINESS STATISTICS) will appear later.
IConsumption figures for edible tallow exclude quantities used in refining; those for inedible tallow, etc., include such quantities.
ABeginning 1955, data may include some refined oils (not formerly included); consumption figures exclude data for cod, cod-liver, and other liver oils, and stocks include only trie quantities
of these oils held by producing firms.
JRevisions for January-July 1954 (August 1953-July 1954 for cottonseed and products) will be shown later.
§Includes stocks owned by the Commodity Credit Corporation.
SURVEY OF CURRENT BUSINESS
S-26
Unless otherwise stated, statistics through 1954 and
descriptive notes are shown in the 1955 edition of
BUSINESS STATISTICS
December 1956
1955
1956
DecemOctober November
ber
January
February
March
April
May
June
July
August
Septem- October November
ber
CHEMICALS AND ALLIED PRODUCTS—Continued
FATS, OILS, ETC.— Continued
Vegetable oils, oilseeds, and byproducts— Con.
Flaxseed :
Production (crop estimate)
thous of bu
Oil mills:!
Consumption
do
Stocks, end of month
__
do_ __
Price, wholesale, No. 1 (Minneapolis) -dol. per bu__
Linseed oil, raw:
Production |
thous of Ib
Consumption factory t
do
Stocks at factory, end of month f _ _ do _.
Price wholesale (Minneapolis)
dol per Ib
Soybeans:
Production (crop estimate)
thous. of bu
Consumption, factory.
do
Stocks end of month
do
Soybean oil:
Production:
Crude
_ thous. of lb__
Refined
-_ _ doConsumption, factory, refined tdo_-_
Stocks, end of month:
Crude
do
Refinedt
_ _ _ _ _
__ _ _
_ do __
Price wholesale, refined (N Y )
dol. per Ib
Margarine:
Production
thous. of Ib
Stocks (factory and warehouse), end of mocf do
Price, wholesale, colored, delivered (eastern U. S.)
dol per Ib
Shortening:
Production
thous. of Ib
1
Stocks end of month cf
do
1
2 48 712
41,258
4,275
7,166
3.10
3,132
7,542
3.17
3,263
6,695
3.21
3,268
5,573
3.35
2,978
5,764
3.47
3,202
4,213
3.68
2,171
3,368
3.77
3,017
1,584
3.83
1,920
1,212
3.38
946
762
3.34
933
1,051
3.28
2,308
2,271
3.25
4,020
4, 945
3.27
84, 708
56, 220
80, 294
.130
62, 493
41,236
108, 296
.127
64, 470
43, 583
136, 013
.128
64, 490
42, 102
135, 331
.133
59, 172
43, 716
130, 393
.146
63, 428
45, 266
134, 959
.156
43, 243
37, 723
125, 738
.159
59, 614
43, 515
136, 682
.159
38, 448
40, 275
113,017
.142
19, 196
34, 815
95, 665
.134
18, 575
43, 420
71, 051
.130
46, 931
41, 844
75, 388
.127
81,565
65, 278
86, 694
p. 130
25, 388
74, 133
25, 394
88, 365
1371, 106
23, 869
81,784
24, 445
73, 783
24, 528
70, 861
25, 365
67, 366
25, 259
57, 931
24, 600
48, 424
22, 230
36, 651
20, 378
26, 460
21, 793
12, 360
19, 877
20, 525
27, 928
78, Oil
279, 908
240, 688
220, 896
277, 042
232, 664
215, 687
261, 550
232, 155
234, 323
270, 046
239, 846
238, 205
271, 253
249, 371
249, 526
281,442
251, 048
250, 241
280, 688
218, 831
192, 705
273, 348
249, 054
229, 034
248, 636
205, 257
211,447
228, 348
193, 610
196, 948
249, 027
223, 378
241, 688
221, 302
203, 733
221,794
301, 802
252, 552
258, 763
109. 695
77, 514
.174
135, 084
82, 310
.175
138, 232
79, 686
.173
137, 246
81, 682
.182
128, 177
81,159
.196
132, 552
80, 018
.214
176, 400
104, 987
.215
172, 649
123, 747
.224
179, 630
116, 853
.200
174, 970
112, 828
.175
154, 421
100, 148
.175
139, 671
86, 865
.163
132, 946
77, 178
p 175
124, 428
25, 881
116,447
22, 835
115,218
23, 703
133, 853
22, 611
135, 905
25, 924
127, 166
26, 317
83, 514
26, 853
107, 940
27, 134
85, 242
24, 698
81, 436
20, 276
106, 727
22, 356
114, 970
22, 236
134, 584
21 556
2
r
.273
.273
.273
.273
.273
.293
.293
.296
.273
.273
.273
.273
P 273
180, 783
136, 658
161, 917
137, 012
141,387
142, 961
150 136
125, 447
183,015
120, 587
170, 845
120, 101
144, 623
146, 485
165, 445
156,066
127, 868
168, 524
100, 700
154, 761
150, 554
141, 573
133, 396
129, 175
178 089
119, 437
128, 546
thous. of dol
57, 357
do
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _.do . _ _ 71, 189
122, 190
55, 684
66, 506
104, 144
48,235
55, 909
129, 261
52, 522
76, 739
122, 361
50, 770
71, 591
131, 518
56, 329
75, 189
136,228
57, 449
78, 779
146, 81 1 146, 149
54, 749
57, 932
91, 400
88, 879
133, 828
50, 236
83, 592
146. 788
56, 346
90,442
128, 411
48, 930
79, 481
140, 309
58 374
81, 935
3,880
8,374
415
385
3,495
8,394
451
643
4,041
7,705
428
433
3,508
6,492
519
450
3,426
7,178
497
501
4,296
8,007
501
585
3,606
7,376
513
429
3,481
7,458
569
489
4,055
7,254
487
407
2,355
5,872
344
370
44, 619
48, 460
26, 498
62, 159
35, 480
44, 665
48, 272
25, 197
62, 200
34, 464
43, 044
47, 434
24, 206
61, 285
35, 689
43, 407
47, 002
26.411
66, 890
32, 409
42, 799
40, 401
26, 507
61,607
32, 392
43, 935
43, 272
25, 161
66, 675
33, 482
42, 807
48, 812
23, 360
65, 487
31, 566
41, 746
50, 480
23, 455
63, 977
31, 968
40,607
44, 023
25, 083
54, 796
29, 643
31, 207
41, 277
15, 901
49, 751
25, 730
37, 826
44, 288
21, 171
57, 121
30,421
37, 670
49, 314
21,817
60, 237
27, 693
12, 628
do_ _
1
do
>
55,953
do
-do
11, 083
10, 617
10, 823
( 5, 510
58, 247 < 42,721
I 14, 121
12, 055
5,366
41, 416
12, 898
11,468
5,986
40, 567
13, 829
11,819
5,855
42, 205
13, 902
11, 493
7,288
47, 010
14, 512
10, 544
6,212
45,634
13, 170
8,729
5,641
45, 998
11, 740
11, 398
6,634
49,790
13, 140
T
PAINTS, VARNISH, AND LACQUER
Factory shipments, totalIndustrial sales
Trade sales
_
SYNTHETIC PLASTICS AND RESIN
MATERIALS
Production:
Cellulose acetate and mixed ester plastics:
Sheets, rods, and tubes
-thous. of lb__
Molding and extrusion materials
do
Nitrocellulose sheets, rods, and tubes _. _ .do ._
Other cellulose plastics
do
Phenolic and other tar acid resins
_
Polystyrene
Urea and melamine resins
_
_
Vinyl resins
Alkyd resins
__ _
Rosin modifications..
Polyester resins
Polyethylene resins
Miscellaneous
_
_
_
do
do
-do
do
-do
57, 917
r
3, 815
7,395
443
554
r
3, 945
8, 579
r
324
279
9, 377
5,369
51 089
13, 298
ELECTRIC POWER AND GAS
ELECTRIC POWER
Production (utility and industrial), totalt
mil. of kw.-hr _
Electric utilities, total
_
do
By fuels
do
By water power
_
do_ _
Privately and municipally owned utilities do._Other producers (publicly owned)
_ _ do
Industrial establishments, total
By fuels
By waterpower
. _
do
do
do
Sales to ultimate customers, total (Edison Electric Institute) t
- -_ mil. of kw.-hr
Commercial and industrial:
Small light and power _ _
do
Large light and power __
_ do_ _
Railways and railroads
Residential or domestic
- -Rural (distinct rural rates)
Street and highway lighting _ _ _
Other public authorities
Interdepartmental
__do__ _
do
do
do
_ _ _ do_ ._
do
54, 566
47, 405
38, 602
8,803
54, 854
47, 785
38, 545
9,239
57, 986
50, 815
41, 470
9,345
58, 092
51, 120
41, 764
9,356
54, 630
47, 988
37, 362
10, 626
57, 404
50, 344
38, 565
11, 779
54, 300
47, 489
35, 937
11, 552
56, 041
49, 086
37, 385
11, 701
56, 254
49, 451
39, 402
10, 049
55, 229
49, 451
39, 539
9,913
58, 576
52, 194
42 656
9,539
55,649
48, 819
39 859
8,960
58, 445
51 129
41 892
9 238
38, 755
8,650
39, 099
8,685
41, 533
9,282
41, 769
9,351
38, 671
9,316
40, 509
9,835
38, 363
9,126
39, 738
9,348
40, 270
9,181
39, 701
9,750
42,302
9,892
39, 503
9,316
41, 800
9,330
7, 161
6,929
233
7,070
6,831
239
7,171
6,946
225
6,972
6,741
231
6,642
6,368
274
7,060
6,757
303
6,812
6,499
313
6,955
6,632
323
6,804
6,518
286
5,778
5 520
258
6,382
6 158
224
6.830
6 604
226
7 316
7 074
'242
41, 887
41, 751
43, 654
44, 752
43, 994
43, 738
43, 097
42, 758
43, 075
43 010
44 503
44 786
7,026
22, 570
6,738
22, 427
6,945
22, 703
7,054
22, 680
6,924
22, 441
6,862
22, 775
6,776
22,649
6,785
23, 089
7,316
22, 941
7 801
21, 858
8 005
22 853
7 951
23 147
356
9,672
954
396
862
51
391
10, 073
770
422
883
47
433
11, 495
699
452
876
50
427
12, 529
683
455
877
48
398
12, 200
684
414
891
42
405
11 562
778
400
906
51
380
11, 038
955
362
888
49
359
10 361
876
341
899
49
342
10 198
975
322
929
52
328
10 495
1,201
335
936
57
340
10 679
1,278
358
932
57
330
10 785
1,'200
392
926
55
Revenue from sales to ultimate customers (Edison
Electric Institute) 1
thous. of doL . 684, 817 681, 749 712, 806 734, 354 725, 160 714, 161 703, 854 697, 745 710, 990 719, 799 735, 869 741, 999
r
2
Revised.
*> Preliminary.
1 Revised estimate of 1955 crop.
December 1 estimate of 1956 crop.
^Revisions will be shown later for fats and oils (January-July 1954), electric-power production (January-July 1955), and electric-power sales and revenue (January-April 1955).
cf Beginning January 1955, data exclude quantities held by consuming factories.
3.41
455, 869
December 1956
SUEVEY OF CUEKENT BUSINESS
1955
Unless otherwise stated, statistics through 1954 and
descriptive notes are shown in the 1955 edition of
NovemDecemOctober
BUSINESS STATISTICS
ber
ber
S-27
1956
January
February
March
April
May
June
July
August
Septem- October November
ber
ELECTRIC POWER AND GAS—Continued
GAS
Manufactured and mixed gas (quarterly) :cf
Customers end of quarter total
thousands
Residential (incl. house-heating)
do
Industrial and commercial
do
Sales to consumers, total
mil. of therms
Residential (incl house-heating)
do
Industrial and commercial
do
Revenue from sales to consumers, total thous. of dol
Residential (incl house-heating)
do
Industrial and commercial
do
Natural gas (quarterly):^
Customers end of quarter, total
thousands
Residential (incl house-heating)
do
Industrial and commercial
_do. Sales to consumers total
mil of therms
Residential (incl house-heating)
do
Industrial and commercial
_
- do Revenue from sales to consumers, total thous. of dol
Residential (incl house-heating)
do
Industrial and commercial
do
5,122
4,758
362
891
580
302
118, 375
86 634
31, 126
5. 023
4,670
350
1,348
997
342
170, 126
130, 997
38, 427
4,894
4, 569
323
949
622
320
120, 754
89, 633
30, 605
23, 824
21 933
1, 866
16 679
5,562
10, 321
816, 082
463 254
331, 773
24, 223
22 290
1,907
21, 578
9,774
11, 188
1,176,052
761, 627
396, 569
24, 296
22 398
1,872
16 203
4,945
10, 762
784, 917
432, 203
338, 900
FOODSTUFFS AND TOBACCO
ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES
Beer:
5,775
7,855
6,432
8 734
8,733
7,927
6,406
6,629
6,169
9 394
9 590
Production!
thous of bbl
6 497
6 500
8,182
5,803
6,790
6,296
6,129
8,673
6,751
5,625
6,248
9,015
8,777
6 424
6' 970
Taxable withdrawals
do
9,734
10, 290
8, 896
10, 166
9,427
11,097
9,291
11,515
10, 677
11, 128
11, 264
Stocks, end of month! - _ _
__- _
- do. _
10, 344
9,753
Distilled spirits:
17, 652
16, 888
23, 033
34,917
31, 189
15, 862
17,458
19, 181
8,531
18, 617
20, 386
12, 178
Production J
- -- -thous. of tax gal
Consumption, apparent, for beverage purposes
14,616
20. 856
14, 893
16, 257
13, 371
11, 400
23, 847
16, 403
17, 628
thous. of wine gaL_ 18, 507
16,572
16, 784
11, 523
17,083
13, 736
] 3, 528
10, 486
16, 731
13,020
13, 252
10, 565
9,279
11 269
14 269
Tax-paid withdrawals!
thous. of tax gal
832, 581 833, 201 840, 638 846, 286 847, 965 850, 415 851, 268 854, 709 854, 755 851, 634 849, 082 844, 208
Stocks end of month J
do _
1,521
2,022
1, 762
2,504
2, 525
3,620
1,840
1,868
2,086
1,748
2,414
Imports
__
thous. of proof gal
1,927
Whisky:
10, 682
11, 592
10, 614
12, 268
12, 716
13, 538
5,799
10, 082
11,426
7,847
7,191
Production t - - - --thous. of tax gal . 12, 863
6,130
5,671
6,280
6,910
7,051
9, 216
8,978
4,554
6,277
4,899
7,469
5,470
Tax-paid withdrawals t
_
do
717, 991 719, 656 724, 706 728, 418 729, 962 731, 805 733. 530 736, 196 737, 709 737, 445 736, 573 734, 041
Stocks, end of month J
do
3,282
1,562
2,253
1,685
2,310
1,915
1,840
1,619
1,646
1, 346
1,721
Imports
- _ _ _ - - _ _
thous. o f proof gal_
2,166
Rectified spirits and wines, production, total 9 I
6, 223
6,921
5,800
9,930
5,331
6,677
6,848
4,799
7,219
thous. of proof gaL_ 10,156
7,871
6,052
8,761
5,722
5,476
6,015
4,906
9,013
4,442
6,230
5,515
3,918
6,792
4,885
Whisky J
- - --do. Wines and distilling materials:
Effervescent wines:
125
286
184
200
160
238
273
106
237
139
168
220
Production!
thous. of wine gaL123
96
247
155
147
131
136
279
191
93
200
137
Taxable withdrawals!
do
1,346
1,662
1,453
1, 257
1,590
1,246
1,419
1,738
1,720
1, 458
1,751
1,801
Stocks end of monthf
do
132
62
34
52
116
35
46
38
46
79
62
44
Imports
do
Still wines:
1,994
43, 340
1,856
10, 105
72, 474
1,375
1,656
3,196
1,237
1, 420
30, 528
2,531
Production!
_
do
10, 894
11,286
12,867
11, 051
12,816
13, 347
13, 369
9, 283
10, 326
11,039
12 688
10, 290
Taxable withdrawals^!
do
184,011 214, 698 207, 560 197, 964 186, 738 175, 668 165, 224 154, 632 143, 082 134, 294 125, 296 144, 102
Stocks endofmonth§!
__ _ _ _ do
561
563
524
544
756
483
889
456
629
618
412
580
Imports
-do
782
2,185
741
93, 598
6,602
27, 478
1,163
555
617
76, 378
Distilling materials produced at wineries!- . -do _ - 145, 546
8,067
DAIRY PRODUCTS
Butter, creamery:
' 96, 725 '92,832 ' 105, 842 '114,235 ' 113, 030 ' 129, 300 ' 136, 010 ' 150, 480 ' 148, 155 ' 128, 155 '110,200 ' 93, 125
Production (factory) !
_.
thous. of Ib
93 170
82, 685 113,318 133, 918 118,217
97, 907
87, 840
78, 882
256, 626 202, 204 163, 136 131, 664
Stocks cold storage end of month
do
90, 252 r fJ2 261
39 610
.584
.594
.580
.588
.594
.594
.587
.581
.580
.588
. 613
Price, wholesale, 92-score (New York) . .. do!, per lb__
.601
.632
.620
Cheese:
Production (factory), total !
_. __thous. of Ib
'91,475 '85,447 ' 91, 828 ' 96, 775 '97,025 '119,070 ' 129, 185 ' 1 54, 465 '158,420 ' 134, 090 '116,970 ' 102, 445 98 010
American, whole milk !
._
___ do
'62,507 '55,885 '59,490 '65,085 '65,815 ' 83, 000 ' 95, 035 '117,645 ' 122, 440 ' 102, 410 ' 87, 220 ' 74, 135 68 100
566, 481 531. 094 518, 885 496. 746 464, 397 460, 421 456, 279 484, 154 524, 505 551, 334 554, 518 533, 107 '489 385 455 279
Stocky cold stoiage, end of month, total
do
536, 355 505, 435 492, 124 469, 336 438, 209 433, 358 426, 887 451, 571 486, 883 512, 474 513, 625 493, 648 '448,857 415,817
American, whole milk _
. . _ .-do
5,114
5, 795
6,890
3,168
4,298
3,762
4,603
3,294
3,488
5,508
3,862
5,589
Imports
do
Price, wholesale, American, single daisies (Chi.369
.369
.372
.382
.378
.379
.381
.384
.375
.378
.384
.382
cago)
dol. per Ib
390
Condensed and evaporated milk:
Production, case goods: t
3,410
'6,290
'4,300
'4,650
' 5, 140 ' 6, 140
'3,838
'3,909
' 3. 881 3,150
Condensed (sweetened)
_
_ _ thous. of lb_
' 6, 640 5,520
5 670
' 164, 805 ' 143, 260 '152,479 r 164, 500 ' 170, 900 ' 208, 950 ' 240, 100 '300,700 '304,100 ' 266, 700 ' 232, 600 189, 100 164 200
Evaporated (unsweetened)
do
Stocks, manufacturers', case goods, end of month:
8,133
6,873
7,550
7, 556
6,222
7,937
8,230
7,038
4, 752
7, 397
8,761
8,192
Condensed (sweetened)
thous. of lb__
9, 265
384, 261 274, 432 213, 202 157, 214 110, 578 111,613 124, 880 169, 225 311,983 401 , 894 434, 536 425, 545 283 451
Evaporated (unsweetened)
do
Exports:
2,774
1,512
714
3,293
2,410
2,009
4,201
834
3,540
1,433
6,402
Condensed (sweetened)
do
2,191
12, 838
9, 645
11, 183
12, 346
12,243
16, 816
17, 445
14, 251
16,273
10, 407
12, 772
Evaporated (unsweetened)
__ _
do
14, 622
Price, wholesale, U. S. average:
5.92
5.75
5.88
5.69
5.68
5.64
5.68
5.57
5.71
5.71
Evaporated (unsweetened)
dol. per case__
5. 93
5.93
5 93
Fluid milk:
9,582
11,512
11, 024
12, 974
12, 656
8,668
11,697
9,604
9, 158
9,222
Production!
_
mil. of Ib
10 794
9, 660
8 757
9 450
4,592
4,282
5,309
5,345
3,244
3,453
3,680
3,075
4,637
3,679
3,993
Utilization in mfd. dairy products
do __
3,289
3,387
3.85
3.98
3.86
3.84
4. 36
4.14
4.43
4.24
4.36
3.98
4.11
4.59
Price, wholesale, U. S. average*
dol. per 100 lb__
4.30
4.48
Dry milk:
Production: !
'9,425
9,450 ' 11, 275 ' 10, 850 ' 10, 600 '9,150
'9,118
' 7, 975 '8,800
Dry whole milk
thous. of lb__ '8,667
'8,663
' 8, 000
7,350
Nonfat dry milk solids (human food) _ . .do
' 81, 470 ' 81, 083'104,918 ' 120, 100 ' 123, 800 ' 147, 700 ' 162, 700 '176,500 '176,300 ' 131, 400 '98 000 '79 500
79 800
Stocks, manufacturers', end of month:
12, 004
15, 192
8,522
11,397
8,914
8,304
10, 314
8,587
8, 883
10,687
Dry whole milk
_
_
__do
14 274
13, 118
11 725
80, 763
91, 928 100, 980 120, 430 147, 591 140, 920 118 582
83, 883
81, 719
87, 848
81, 020
Nonfat dry milk solids (human food)
do
98 903
76 559
Exports:
3,951
3,880
5, 938
4,340
2,015
4,710
3,661
3,988
3,244
Dry whole milk
do
2 854
3 774
3 820
29, 336
19, 348
4,701
22, 925
26, 720
Nonfat dry milk solids (human food"1
do
34, 993
26, 127
11, 929
17, 236
26, 148
19, 274
16 898
Price, wholesale, nonfat dry milk solids (human
.152
.153
.154
.154
.154
.154
.154
.154
.154
food), U. S. average
_. dol. perlb__
.151
.151
.152
.152
T
Revised.
cfRevisions for 1953 and for the 1st and 2d quarters of 1954 and 1955 are available upon request. Totals include data not shown separately.
^Revisions for the indicated items and for the periods specified are available upon request as follows: Alcoholic beverages, July-November 1954; dairy products—butter, cheese (total and
American), evaporated milk, and nonfat dry milk solids, January 1953-September 1955; condensed milk and dry whole milk, January 1954-September 1955; fluid milk, production, January
1951-Decemberl954.
9 Data beginning July 1955 exclude production of wines and vermouth; for July 1954-June 1955, such production totaled 70,000 gallons.
§Data include vermouth and aperitif wines other than vermouth.
*New series, representing average price received by farmers for all milk sold at wholesale to plants and dealers; data prior to January 1955 will be shown later.
SUKVEY OF CURRENT BUSINESS
S-28
1955
Unless otherwise stated, statistics- through 1954 and
descriptive notes are shown in the 1955 edition of
DecemNovemOctober
BUSINESS STATISTICS
ber
ber
December 1956
1956
January
February
March
April
June
May
July
August
Septem- October November
ber
FOODSTUFFS AND TOBACCO—Continued
FRUITS AND VEGETABLES
Apples:
Production (crop estimate)
thous o f b u
Shipments, carlot
no. of carloads
Stocks, cold storage, end of month
thous. of bu__
j
\
U06 234
2.864
3, 484
34, 379
2, 935
34, 854
27, 321
2, 51 1
13, 931
3, 105
8,137
2,929
3,863
2,035
20, 618
1, 302
639
389
265
134
57
267
554
6,317
Citrus fruits, carlot shipments
- no. of carloads. ~
4,529
Frozen fruits, juices, and vegetables:
Stocks, cold storage, end of month:
458, 921
Fruits
thous. of Ib
287, 547
Fruit juices
do
692, 821
Vegetable^
do
Potatoes, white:
Production (crop estimate)^
thous. of cwt
Shipments, carlot
no. of carloads _ 14, 020
Price, wholesale, U. S. No. 1 (New York)
dol. per 1001b__
3.217
4,719
10, 928
8,398
8,907
11.436
10, 457
1 2, 249
9, 469
5, 855
5,401
4,342
444, 087
245, 393
420, 092
389, 245
341 , 964
398, 941
495. 546
300, 058
399, 902
450, 388
256, 029
434. 967
427, 200
279, 723
538, 673
368, 954
447,013
476, 719
457, 801
249,910
663,160
624, 049
1 227, 046
14,812
15, 578
2,342
321,536
558,178
550,716
481,368
415,357
506, 264
588, 076
751,065
'•2.357 i 2 97, 077
r
2, 036
34, 147
38, 000
r
4,017
6, 284
489, 423 r 483, 06^
409, 656
868, 687 ^H-siV,
468, 097
293,421
S94, 352
-243. 23S
'-12,,* 05
13. 4S7
18, 558
18, 039
23, 446
19, 633
19, 049
18, 705
11,173
10, 164
10,171
3.206
2.881
4. 1 75
4.070
4.795
5.695
6.542
6.600
5. 925
4.635
3.515
35, 918
39, 136
44, 355
42, 159
38, 480
58, 386
60, 227
71, 850
71, 976
60, 162
'61,558
52, 937
14, 266
13,319
13,975
13,013
8,913
15,721
16, 485
22, 829
20, 327
20, 435
35, 041
14, 212
9, 956
11~821
28, 168
26, 149
25, 275
24, 980
21,747
23, 834
52, 566
51,447 ••47,127
43, 708
9, 570
7,848
4,661
4, 549
11, 750
10, 384
35, 980
3 39 499
10, 637
45, 145
116, 642
8,418
28,720
5,050
27, 038
189 510
9.039
6,751
7,286
1.258
1.155
1.251
1.130
1.235
1. 116
1.239
1.099
1.235
1.056
1.275
1.123
1.313
1.194
1.311
1.201
1.244
1.123
1. 276
1.193
1.279
1.211
1.253
1. 179
1. 257
1. 172
12,502
11,590
11,686
12.036
11,963
11,142
26, 727
27, 442
12, 329
26, 672
11, 099
16, 899
11,391
1 7, 556
12, 694
17. 663
11, 473
16, 527
13, 050
46, 379
79, 860
84, 202
87, 270
63, 647
99, 862
6, 608
5,944
63, 358
3 300. 6
6,313
^ 79, 865
11,751
78. 045
993 3
9,316
67, 781
10, 344
1.339
1.331
* 3, 393
GRAIN AND GRAIN PRODUCTS
Exports (barley, corn, oats, rye, wheat) ._ thous. of bu._
Barley:
Production (crop estimate)
Receipts principal markets
Stocks, domestic, end of month:
Commercial
On farms
"Exports including malt
Prices, wholesale (Minneapolis):
No. 2, malting
No 3 straight
_
do
do
do
do
do
dol. per bu_.
. ... do.- -
Corn:
Production (crop estimate)
mil of bu
Grindings, wet process
thous. of bu._
Receipts principal markets!
do
Stocks, domestic, end of month:
Commercial
do
On farms
mil of bu
Exports including meal
thous. of bu
Prices, wholesale:
No 3 yellow (Chicago)
dol. per bu_.
Weigh ted average, 5 markets, all grades - do
Oats:
Production (crop estimate)
mil. of bu Receipts, principal markets§
thous. of bu._
Stocks, domestic, end of month:
Commercial
do
On farms
do
Exports including oatmeal
do
Price, wholesale, No. 3, white (Chicago) -dol. per bu_.
Rice:
Production (crop estimate)
thous of bacrs $
California:
Receipts, domestic, rough
thous. of lb. Shipments from mills milled rice
do
Stocks, rough and cleaned (cleaned basis), end
of month
thous. of lb _
Southern States (Ark., La., Tenn., Tex.):
Receipts rough at mills
do
Shipments from mills milled rice
do
Stocks, domestic, rough and cleaned (cleaned
basis) end of month
mil of lb
Exports
thous of lb
Price, wholesale, head, clean (N. O . ) _ _
dol. per lb..
1
1
Wheat:
Production (crop estimate) total
mil
Spring wheat
Winter wheat
Receipts principal markets?
thous
Disppearance
Stocks, end of month:
Canada (Canadian wheat)
United States domestic totaled
mil
Commercial
thous.
Interior mills, elevators, and warehouse
thous
Merchant mills
On farms
Exports total including
Wheat only
flour
of bu
do
do
of bu
do
do
of bu
of bu
226 669
22, 843
38, 721
65,517
76, 559
10, 855
70, 910
2 191.4
12, 344
73. 496
11, 292
8, 554
7, 149
1 .500.4
7,873
1.188
1.180
1.173
1.201
1. 250
1.269
1. 245
1.268
1. 259.
1.285
1.321
1.327
1.452
1.497
1.523
1.521
1. 531
1.524
1. 525
1. 548
1.571
1.542
1.596
1.484
1. 290
1. 320
5,185
6,349
11,313
6,855
5,432
5, 404
9,350
10, 757
21,062
22, 108
8,508
4, 737
33,297
27,283
24, 760
21,916
21, 697
27, 585
34, 655
41, 287
2,838
566,411
3,123
(4)
26, 575
27, 733
27, 333
981, 205
2, 765 ""2." 947 ~"l~186~
.694
.655
.668
893
.661
4,037
2,823
3,675
38, 424
928 978
4, 191
.715
.635
i 1, 499
8,887
22, 993
23, 305
2
.682
3271,674
2,072
3,386
.724
.708
.736
.733
r
136, 489
27, 053
66, 097
24, 959
46, 122
21, 970
09, 504
35, 426
59. 401
38, 185
57, 841
30, 936
46, 331
22, 791
50, 211
35, 691
35, 037
38, 186
68. 841
31. 314
81, 284
95, 868
101, 792
106, 170
100, 920
103. 365
106, 868
99, 246
65, 541
72,683
75, 444
1.032,421 241,850
29, 721
108, 851
40, 692
103. 244
33. 313
114, 555
25, 092
72, 920
8, 680
119, 497
11.394
232, 494
105, 550
18, 196
84, 522
956.6
875.5
533.7
61, 901
.086
430.5
61, 458
.089
548. 5
101, 470
.084
450. 3
172, 441
.085
1,666
4,401
5,428
9,503
4,038
1.241
1.164
185, 179
121. 168
1, 097. 0
153, 729
.089
1. 127. 8
128, 445
.093
1. 054. 0
70, 735
.093
1,384
8, 136
1. 061
1. 674
8,414
1.026
31, 802
24, 768
366, 890
363, 288
440, 750
421, 248
i 29 078
1, 553
8,369
1.156
i 936. 8
i 233. 7
* 703. 0
21. 007
242, 928
364, 732
1. 542. 0
403, 181
32, 417
.091
48, 607
.089
708. 9
120, 183
.086
820
6, 731
1.160
440
552
5,280
1.216
25, 223
.733
.824
7,153
19,480
14, 702
20,503
15, 984
1.222
4,080
5,737
1. 151
10, 058
1.329
132, 302
94, 494
64, 750
94. 041
117.844
851, 623
178, 225
387. 7
278, 597
.083
152, 605
.083
804.9
1,221. I
2,780
11.175
1,074
1. 374
10,517
1.435
47, 402
2
21 558
173, 326
79, 243
919, 691
164, 181
r
2
». 085
1, 118
•• 9, 143
1.465
"8,109
1.471
2
2
2
64, 697
39, 257
234, 816
31.241
336, 269
359, 861
351, 092
341, 218
348. 506
341, 277 3 332. 323
412, 859
428, 737
427, 437 '"407." 157" "390," 199
23, 929
221 880
29, 874
358, 515
349, 280
339, 863
330, 693
327, 943
390, 669
381, 756
366, 412
357, 301
1,322.6
24. 949
21, 374
40. 361
35, 834
54. 981
292, 860
31,033.9
3 443, 643
503 572
102 455
218, 164
25, 093
21, 161
Prices, wholesa^:
No. 1, dark northern spring (Minneapolis)
2.429
2.475
2.481
2. 513
2.511
2.447
2.481
2.487
dol. per bu.2.242
2.242
2.285
2.333
2. 207
2. 253
2.216
2.198
No 2 hard winter (Kansas City)
do
2. 156
2.176
2. 035 \
2. 043
2. 153
2.327
2.225
2.206
No. 2, red winter (St Louis)
do
1
2. 445
2.437
2.445
2.423
2. 461
2.407
2.478
2.388
Weighted avg , 6 markets, all grades
_ do
r
J
Revised.
v Preliminary.
Revised estimate of 1955 crop.
a December 1 estimate of 1956 crop.
3
Old crop only; new grain not reported until beginning of new crop year (July for barley, oats, and wheat; October for corn).
141,319
49, 546
44, 378
40, 876
37, 138
2.457
2.488
2.087
2.020
2.100
1.992
2.295
4
352, 461
402, 789
3 67, 716
45, 873
41, 658
1,735.6
629, 667
3 64,641
33, 701
28, 877
997. 2
262. 2
735. 0
106, 118
26, 851
26, 046
28, 577
550 101
126, 878
320, 800
11,422
4,296
90, 993
56, 065
1,153
31, 285
i 53 532
61,953
112,522
1 . 320
1.276
- 3, 451
51, 592
of bu
do
do
do
do
3 242
11,188
372,49")
40, 062
Rye:
Receipts principal markets§
do
Stocks, commercial, domestic, end of month, do
Price, wholesale, No. 2 (Minneapolis) ... dol. per bu. .
2
400, 295
2.231
' 43, 503 33, 984
39, 326
28, 834
2.381
2.190
2.125
2.345
2.393
2.282
2.221
2.389
2. 428
2. 310
2. 185
2.411
2. 495
2. 358
2.358
2.494
No quo tation.
c^The total includes wheat owned by the Commodity Credit Corporation and stored off farms in its own steel and wooden bins; such data are not included in the breakdown of stocks.
1 Prior to the August 1956 SURVEY, data were reported in thousands of 60-lb. bushels.
S-29
SUEVEY OF CURRENT BUSINESS
December 1956
1955
Unless otherwise stated, statistics through 1954 and
descriptive notes are shown in the 1955 edition of
BUSINESS STATISTICS
1956
DecemOctober November
ber
January
February
March
April
May
June
July
August
Septem- Or-tober
ber
No vein
ber
FOODSTUFFS AND TOBACCO— Continued
GRAIN AND GRAIN PRODUCTS— Continued
Wheat flour:
Production:
Flour*.
thous. of sacks (100 lb.)
Operations, percent of capacity
Offal
short tons
Grindings of wheat*
thous o f b u
Stocks held by mills, end of quarter
thous. of sacks (100 lb.)
Export? .
do
Prices, wholesale:
Spring, short patents (Minneapolis)
dol per sack (100 lb )
Winter, hard, short patents (Kansas City) do
LIVESTOCK
Cattle and calves:
Slaughter (federally inspected):
Calves
thous of animals
Cattle...
. do _ .
Receipts, principal markets
do
Shipments feeder, to 9 corn-belt States
do
Prices, wholesale:
Beef steers (Chicago)
.. dol. per 100 lb
Steers, stocker and feeder (Kansas City)
do
Calves, vealers (Chicago)
do
Hogs:
Slaughter (federally inspected)
thous. of animals..
Receipts, principal markets
do
Prices:
Wholesale, average, all grades (Chicago)
dol. per 100 lb..
Hog-corn price ratio
bu. of corn equal in value to 100 lb. of live hog...
Sheep and lambs:
Slaughter (federally inspected) ... thous. of animals..
Receipts, principal markets
.
do
Shipments, feeder, to 9 corn-belt States
do
Prices, wholesale:
Lambs, average (Chicago)
dol per 100 lb
Lambs, feeder, good and choice (Omaha)
do
MEATS
Total meats:
Production (carcass weight, leaf lard out), inspected
slaughter
mil of lb
Stocks (excluding lard), cold storage, end of month
mil. of lb._
Exports (including lard)
do
Imports (excluding lard)
do
Beef and veal:
Production, inspected slaughter.
_. ... do. ._
Stocks, cold storage, end of month
thous. of lb
Exports
do
Imports
do
Price, wholesale, beef, fresh, steer carcasses, choice
(600-700 Ibs.) (New York)
dol. per lb. .
Lamb and mutton:
Production, inspected slaughter
thous. of lb
Stocks, cold storage, end of month... ... .
do
Pork (including lard), production, inspected slaughter
mil o f l b
Pork (excluding lard):
Production inspected slaughter
thous o f l b
Stocks, cold storage, end of month
do
Exports
do
Imports
do
Prices, wholesale:
Hams smoked composite
dol. per lb
Eresh loins. 8-12 lb. average (New York)
do
Lord:
Production inspected slaughter
thous o f l b
Stocks, dry and cold storage, end of month
do
Exports .
.
._
..-.__
do _.
Price, wholesale, refined (Chicago) . dol. perlb
21,002
93 8
411, 194
19, 760
88 3
384, 694
19, 318
86 3
376 700
19 490
87 1
379 505
17, 861
79 5
347 255
19 226
81 7
369 080
17, 378
77 4
334 955
18, 639
79 2
362 902
17, 648
78 4
341 813
17, 697
78 6
347 871
20, 420
82.8
393, 879
19. 889
97 3
377,812
21, 898
88 9
416 796
48, 375
45, 493
44 468
44 818
41 055
44 044
39, 945
42, 878
40, 563
41 266
46, 875
45, 540
50, 182
1 832
2,050
5. 078
1,940
1 688
1,534
5 213
1,943
2,070
1,809
4, 715
2,218
1,604
6. 275
5. 775
6.165
5.625
6 075
5. 760
6 180
5.625
6 220
5.600
6 110
5.775
6 215
5.725
6. 115
5.725
6 195
5.735
6 310
5.425
6, 040
5. 625
728
1,693
3,058
947
700
1, 662
2,674
734
633
1,617
2, 091
420
602
1, 697
2. 354
249
586
1,484
1,870
183
647
1, 566
1,905
196
604
1,545
2,046
216
606
1.646
2,124
196
596
1,679
2,146
201
610
1,728
2,543
226
21. 95
18.02
26.00
20.84
16. 92
22.00
20.30
15.89
24.00
20.01
17.13
28.00
18.85
17.04
28.00
18.89
17.44
24.50
19.87
17.81
24.50
20.12
17.68
25. 25
20.79
17.02
22.50
6,144
3,251
6.857
4,099
7.324
4. 056
6,705
3,908
5,922
3,262
6,327
3,294
5. 252
2, 895
4,875
2,749
14.30
12.01
10.38
11.08
12.03
12.63
14. 60
12.7
11.2
9.2
9.4
10.2
10.2
10.8
1,248
1,797
513
1,162
1, 273
247
1, 155
1,091
161
1.329
1,248
160
1, 163
994
121
1,216
1,087
139
19.50
18.18
18.62
17.88
18. 25
16. 68
19.00
16.96
20.00
18.60
2,121
2,254
2, 340
2,312
444
81
23
601
91
28
777
98
21
858
95
r
25
999.5
136, 278
3,100
9,428
970.3
176, 613
2,349
12, 150
961. 5
224, 391
3, 743
6,913
1, 034. 8
230. 316
6 339
7, 708
r
J
5, 272
2,210
JQQ
r
r
6 050
5. 655
p 5 950
p 5 710
691
1,774
2, 686
580
661
1,617
2.721
734
872
1, 959
3, 554
1 081
763
1, 807
22.28
17.36
22. 50
25. 61
17.88
23.50
27.31
17.22
21.00
26.00
17. 31
22.50
23.97
17.29
4,326
2,480
4,199
2,485
4, 559
2,499
4, 979
2,676
6, 347
3,511
6, 559
15.50
15.40
15.23
16. 12
16.01
15.55
14.59
11.2
11.0
10.6
11.2
10.8
13.0
11.7
1,129
1,146
115
1.063
1.054
121
1,084
1,047
113
1,168
1,184
151
1, 268
1, 403
361
1. 167
1, 770
677
1,439
1,948
802
1,139
20.12
2 18. 18
20.75
0)
26.00
2 20. 00
23.75
19.55
22.75
18.12
22.00
18.41
20. 50
19.00
20.00
18.71
19. 25
18.12
2,018
2,128
1,930
1,942
1,865
1,853
1,883
1,832
2 282
884
77
21
879
90
21
861
82
25
781
93
24
694
69
23
593
66
24
461
63
29
412
41
17
'449
004
909.9
212, 794
9. 353
7. 169
958.9
205, 748
7,262
8, 528
945.0
187, 985
3, 744
8, 998
1, 006. 2
168, 995
2,178
6, 428
1, 001. 8
149, 260
6, 089
8,618
1, 020. 8
140, 703
6,500
9,920
1, 026. 0
131,379
3, 023
15, 192
931.1
128, 430
7,172
7,816
1,128.4
163, 026
221, 025
r
.396
.376
.362
.368
.347
.336
.358
.367
.388
.443
. 486
.452
.417
55, 245
9,569
52, 853
9,884
53, 849
10, 630
64, 032
10, 566
56, 948
10, 060
59, 290
9,875
53, 754
8, 976
47, 254
8,481
46, 211
8.620
50, 571
7,975
55, 246
9,002
50, 991
9,703
63 531
r
11,203
12, 099
1, 065. 8
1, 230. 5
1,324.9
1, 212.8
1,051.6
1, 109. 4
931.3
888.7
817.5
781.6
801.5
849 6
1 090 1
805, 841
205, 197
6,441
11, 583
908, 359
306, 714
5,823
14, 563
967. 766
420, 816
6, 358
11, 782
883. 358
481, 602
8, 386
15, 309
772, 981 803, 772
517, 991 514. 124
' 7, 609
6, 197
11, 594
11, 276
681, 626
510, 230
5, 804
14, 029
650, 629
457, 395
6, 807
15. 885
599, 853
393, 538
5,277
13, 099
577, 249
306, 727
4,602
12, 626
.456
.409
.454
.374
.448
.326
. 446
.346
.459
.365
.486
.368
. 503
.425
. 501
.478
.534
.461
.526
.502
.515
.474
190, 120
74, 756
56, 426
.153
235, 332
98, 426
66, 532
.138
261. 249
146. 985
69.813
.125
240, 907
183,615
3 65. 355
. 123
203, 189
209, 930
48, 327
.138
224, 101
232, 719
62, 228
.135
182, 846
226, 017
59, 328
. 145
1 74, 120
210. 864
68, 955
. 153
159, 086
203, 206
44, 762
.138
149, 603
178, 461
42, 213
.138
150, 261
141, 056
40, 893
.155
154,242
123,398
38, 075
.155
199 618
106, 352
80, 480
259, 687
74. 756
228, 378
47, 239
214, 723
43, 725
188, 351
48. 423
155, 096
47, 203
132, 812
55, 444
120, 001
55. 987
119,649
57. 090
126, 769
67, 334
164, 422
69, 299
235, 159
90, 347
90 080
361. 756 -366,145
. 354
596, 294 638, 107 817 159
203, 596 ' 165, 514 r 167, 955
4,499
5 078
11,363
6,935
r
P 4f,7
.444
48(3
.511
254, 057
.409
P .157
POULTRY AND EGGS
Poultry:
68, 413
Receipts, ft markets
thous of lb
258, 413
Stocks, cold storage (frozen^, end of month
do
Price, wholesale, live fowls, heavy type, No. 1
.233
(Chicago)
_
. . ... dol. per lb
Eggs:
4,631
Production, farm*.
millions
1,136
Dried egg production
...
. thous. o f l b
Stocks, cold storage, end of month:
804
Shell
thous. of cases
127, 847
Frozen
thous of lb
Price, wholesale, extras, large (Chicago)
.495
dol. per doz. .
.210
.235
.250
.240
.260
.250
.250
.225
.190
.185
4,677
739
4, 976
489
5, 161
660
5,152
1,459
5. 768
2,612
5, 591
2,870
5. 557
3,308
4,961
2,464
4, 752
1,644
4,559
1,435
4, 435
1,315
333
101, 395
111
74, 354
299
50, 525
306
42, 473
309
61, 604
638
94, 569
1,200
140, 048
1, 453
172, 366
1,259
177, 427
1,020
167, 943
727
152, 015
.501
.514
.398
.406
.396
.392
.371
.414
.382
109, 000
117, 000
100, 000
90,983
92, 710
86, 087
73, 121
72, 415
59, 964
54, 961
14, 738
.340
21, 336
.324
18, 462
.324
31,955
.293
26, 204
.275
27,154
.265
21 195
.263
28, 798
.260
22, 318
.261
20, 575
.290
.447
. 165
p .150
4,818
1,205
4, 842
T
616
!31 547
522
109 568
.459
.437
.400
73, 362
109, 212
120,591
14, 916
.283
12,429
.278
P. 255
r
MISCELLANEOUS FOOD PRODUCTS
Confectionery, manufacturers' salescf
Cocoa or cacao beans:
Imports (incl shells)
Price, wholesale. Accra CNew York)
r
3
thous. of dol
long tons
dol. nerlb..
2
Revised.
* Preliminary.
* No quotation.
Average for 2 weeks.
Data for January-June 1956 include exports of shortenings (chief weight animal fat); such exports averaged 98,000 pounds per month in 1955.
tRevisions for wheat flour production and wheat grindings (January 1954-July 1955) and for egg production (1950-54) will be shown later,
cf Revisions for 1954 and 1955 appear in the November 1956 SURVEY.
SURVEY OF CURRENT BUSINESS
S-30
Unless otherwise stated, statistics through 1954 and
descriptive notes are shown in the 1955 edition of
DecemOctober NovemBUSINESS STATISTICS
ber
her
December m~>6
1956
January
February
March
April
May
June
July
August
Septem- Oct.-:
ber
FOODSTUFFS AND TOBACCO—Continued
MISCELLANEOUS FOOD PRODUCTS— Con.
Coffee:
Clearances from Brazil, total
thous. of bagsc?1..
To United States
do _
Visible supply, United States
do
Imports
do
Price, wholesale, Santos, No. 4 (New York)
dol. per Ib.Fish:
Stocks, cold storage, end of month
thous. of lb_.
Sugar:
Cuban stocks, raw, end of month
thous. of Spanish tons..
United States:
Deliveries and supply (raw basis):
Production and receipts:
Production _ _ _
short tons _ .
Entries from off-shore
do
Hawaii and Puerto Rico
do
Deliveries, total
do
For domestic consumption.-- _.do
For export
do
Stocks, raw and refined, end of month
thous. of short tons..
Exports_
short tons. .
Imports:
Raw sugar, total
_.do. .
From Cuba
do
From Philippine Islands _
do.. _
Refined sugar, total
do _
From Cuba _
. _ _ _ _ .do. .
Prices (New York) :
Raw wholesale
dol . per Ib
Refined:
Retail §
dol. per 5 Ib
Wholesale
dol. per Ib
Tea imports
thous of Ib
1,882
1, 134
528
2 215
1 , 661
914
564
2, 146
1,126
657
831
1,892
1,228
821
704
1,885
1.978
1,307
793
2, 182
1,201
711
770
2,394
1,204
728
753
1,388
1, 562
988
772
1,616
1,464
940
872
1 803
1,379
804
981
2 071
1, 415
899
1, 063
1 993
1,397
868
891
1 446
1,419
HH5
1 030
.568
.540
.530
.535
.575
.560
.565
.573
.580
.588
603
.615
.002
190, 783
188, 953
175, 297
163, 178
140, 878
127, 459
122, 741
124, 218
144, 144
163, 506
178, 785
195, 648
196,643
2, 242
2,132
1,882
1,457
2,482
3,707
4,257
4,022
3, 581
3, 181
2,432
1,523
1,148
521,457
51 5, 800
201, 641
752, 375
449, 748
168, 780
528, 238
164,908
88, 590
116,347
547, 340
115,080
39, 789
521, 462
149, 339
38, 740
608, 051
146,223
22,411
584, 640
181,119
37, 008
635. 828
238, 419
50, 750
601,064
219,224
20. 060
666. 51 0
187. 036
r
14,675
741, 221
246 680
113, 448
593, 213
184 476
733, 258
727, 967
5, 291
609, 182
604, 932
4, 250
571, 554
569, 169
2,385
675, 455
633, 079
42, 376
619,401
613, 522
5, 879
716,555
699, 165
1 7, 390
746, 474
71 1 , 784
34, 690
732, 440
720, 001
12, 439
803, 328
781,578
21,750
869. 070
865, 344
3 726
916, 359
910,060
6, 299
1,132
606
1,717
909
1,918
1,003
1,881
9,721
1,861
11,961
1 , 761
400
1,618
1 7, 082
1,587
33, 920
1,427
29, 261
1,231
456
1,000
519
'888
625
261, 645
231,389
30, 252
14, 258
12, 501
265, 534
242, 385
16,513
7,334
5,677
185,267
177,067
4,480
698
416
347, 346
238, 517
106,024
36, 394
20, 526
355,572
263, 097
92, 452
45, 627
34, 474
348, 430
237, 057
111,368
68, 556
60, 368
317,420
222, 285
92, 371
55, 122
49, 664
345, 178
247, 928
97, 232
41,288
40, 775
376,216
233, 526
142, 688
40, 099
36, 1 20
353, 752 392, 328
260, 125 288, 159
84, 648
87. 803
r
51 , 1 24 42, 391
r
49, 871
41,060
353, 122
272, 280
69, 743
3,687
765
.061
.059
.058
.059
.059
.060
.061
.061
060
061
061
.497
.085
8,047
.501
.085
9, 460
.501
.085
6,718
.500
.085
9,381
.499
.085
8, 174
.499
.085
10, 498
.499
.085
7 786
.500
.086
6,964
. 500
.086
9 728
500
.086
7, 564
500
086
7 560
r
r
TOBACCO
Leaf:
1
2, 196
Production (crop estimate)
mil. of Ib
Stocks, dealers' and manufacturers', end of quarter
5 175
total
mil of Ib
Domestic:
310
Cigar leaf
do
Air-cured, fire-cured, flue-cured, and miscel4, 671
laneous domestic
_ .mil. of Ib .
Foreign grown:
19
Cigar leaf
do
175
Cigarette tobacco
do
44, 678
64, 358
46, 228
29,151
Exports, including scrap and stems
thous. of lb._ 85, 773
9, 766
7,660
9,415
10, 383
10, 795
Imports, including scrap and stems
. do
Manufactured products:
15,021
13, 194
15,567
17, 395
16, 179
Production, manufactured tobacco, total
do
5,347
6, 509
6,227
6, 880
6, 627
Chewing, plug, and twist
do_ 4,747
6, 304
5, 704
5, 499
7, 256
Smoking
. _. _
_.. ...do -.
3 100
3,295
3,249
3 260
3 354
Snuff
do
Consumption (withdrawals) :
Cigarettes (small):
2,570
2,132
2,449
2,091
2,416
Tax-free
millions
27, 357
32, 871
32, 644
30, 733
Tax-paid
do_ _ - 32, 937
561, 082 613, 199 432, 028 453, 272 463. 104
Cigars (lar°'e) tax-paid
thousands
Manufactured tobacco and snuff, tax-paid
13,115
14, 721
15,298
16,807
16, 909
thous. of Ib
1 219
960
1 146
1 402
1 226
Exports cigarettes
millions
Price (wholesale), cigarettes, manufacturer to wholesaler and jobber, f. o. b. destination
3.938
3.938
3. 938
3.938
3.938
dol. per thous ...
r
:
456~306 j
282 385 i
815, 887
811, 798
4,089
831 123 !
1,067
i
061
P 06°
'
500
. 086 i
9 605
507
v OS7
;
2 2 145
r 4 587
5 030
4 783
376
'352
317
4,420
4,019
4,270
21
213
27, 760 ' 30, 295 35, 489
9, 534
11,096
9,741
21
195
30, 505
9,304
23, 094
10, 193
36, 108
11,206
22
174
80, 588 i
9,603
16, 041
6, 361
6,497
3 184
16, 029
6. 185
6, 582
3 262
16, 737
6,723
6,641
3 373
15.457
6,787
5,415
3 254
12, 467
5, 567
4,770
2 131
17, 247
7, 020
6, 707
3 590
15, 088 ! 17,801
6,021
6 964
7, 205
6, 1-S9
9 4S79
3 63°
2,523
32, 471
501,912
2,430
30, 185
501,228
2.751
36, 164
553, 654
2,941
34, 303
477, 276
2, 497
31,032
428, 309
2,881
37, 560
514, 905
2,954
30, 403
456, 019
2, 674
37, 193
549 541
1 5, 702
1 250
15, 761
1 284
16, 593
1 410
14, 969
1 567
12,321
1 507
17,158
1 346
14, 644
17,245
3.938
3.938
3.938
3. 938
3. 938
3. 938
11,421
135 I
30
2,623
1,454 j
14, 545
74
34
2, 534
3, 451
|
1 551
3. 93S ; P 3.938
LEATHER AND PRODUCTS
HIDES AND SKINS
Imports, total hides and skins 9
thous. of lb. _
Calf and kip skins
thous. of pieces, Cattle hides
do
Goat and kid skins
do
Sheep and lamb skins
do
Prices, wholesale (Chicago):
Calfskins, packer, heavy, 9J/2/15 Ib
dol. per Ib..
Hides, steer, heavy, native, over 53 Ib
do...
2,904
529
12, 088
237
19
2,749
1,326
13,147
88
15
2, 674
2, 306
15,337
47
25
2, 074
4,473
15, 445
86
42
2,611
3,494
18,316
132
42
2,666
3,594
14, 833
83
21
2, 256
4,012
.500
.133
.500
.103
.500
.110
.513
.105
.525
.123
.500
.123
.500
.128
11,541
277
18
2,172
2,298
9,640
81
70
2,412
890
8, 357
61
.500
.148
.500
.133
.500
. 133
.500
.138
7,761 !
69 l
34
1, 798
8-82
.525
.148
LEATHER
Production.
668
802
644
586
Calf and whole kip
thous. of skins. _
890
836
759
874
701
496
2,076
,970
Cattle hide and side kip
thous. of hides and kips..
2,203
2,237
2, 305
2, 262
2.165
1,731 r 2, 224
2,255
2,202
2,364
,701
2,212
2,377
2, 235
2,155
2, 544
2,061
Goat and kid
thous. of skins..
2,187
2,243
2,251
1,797 ^ 2, 033
2, 578
2,535
2, 310
2,275
5, 140
Sheep and lamb
do
2,222
2,382
2,328
2,212
2, 360
1,777
2,109
Exports:
Sole leather:
(3)
39
51
Bends, backs, and sides
thous. of lb._
121
57
47
17
31
Offal, including welting and belting offal.. _.do
30
77
65
!, 053
2,891
Upper leather
thous. of sq. ft-.
3,429
3,009
3,099 «2, 565 I *2, 507 * 2,615 ; < 2, 466 * 2, 978 4 2, 439
I
Prices, wholesale:
.630 i
.630 I
.630
.605
.610 I .610
Sole, bends, light, f. o. b. tannery
dol. per lb..|
.600
.605
Upper, chrome calf, B and C grades, f. o. b. tan1.123 '
1.013 I 1.030
1.022
1.078
1.030
1.125
1.118
nery
dol. persq. ft.J
.987
1.022
r
Revised.
*> Preliminary.
3
4
1
2
Not separately available.
Excludes small quantities combined with other types.
Revised estimate of 1955 crop.
December 1 estimate of 1956 crop.
cf Bags of 132 Ib.
§Data represent price for New York and Northeastern New Jersey.
9 Includes data for types not shown separately.
v . 450
" . 128
SURVEY OF CUEKENT BUSINESS
December 1956
1955
Unless otherwise stated, statistics through 1954 and
descriptive notes are shown in the 1955 edition of
DecemBUSINESS STATISTICS
October November
ber
S-31
1956
January
February
March
April
May
June
July
October JN--August September
LEATHER AND PRODUCTS—Continued
LEATHER MANUFACTURES
Shoes and slippers:
Production, total
thous. of pairs
Shoes, sandals, and play shoes, except athletic,
total
thous. of pairs. _
By kinds:
Men's
do
Youths' and boys'
do
Women's
_
do
Misses' and children's
-_
do
Infants' and babies'
do
Slippers for housewear
__
do___
Athletic
do
Other footwear
_ _ _ . _
_ _ do Exports
_
do
Prices, wholesale, f. o. b. factory:
Men's and boys' oxfords, dress, cattle hide upper,
Goodyear welt
1947-49=100Women's oxfords (nurses'), side upper, Goodyear
welt
_
_.
1947-49=100.
Women's and misses' pumps, suede split
do
48 197
42 921
45 551
53 139
56 230
55 134
48 822
47 963
44 416
42 158
54 647
44 569
51 065
40,628
36, 162
40, 834
49,668
51, 863
50, 077
43, 727
42, 314
38, 751
36, 856
46 469
37, 189
42 183
9,246
1,586
21, 472
5,358
2,966
7,905
1,331
19, 142
5,060
2 724
8,711
1,586
21, 674
5, 705
3 158
9 681
1,841
27 484
7,185
3 477
10 304
1,945
28 176
7,722
3 716
10, 018
1,915
27, 731
6,663
3 750
9 883
1,695
23 721
5,286
3 142
10 032
1,858
21 977
5,345
3 102
8 091
1,561
21 495
5 056
2 548
7 518
1 567
20 889
4 700
2 182
9 819
1 968
25 600
6 130
2 952
8 169
1 622
19 731
5 029
2 638
9 515
1 715
21 950
5 910
3 093
7,068
375
126
368
6,274
370
115
335
4,185
388
144
319
2,897
386
188
1
208
3,768
431
168
*358
4,482
438
137
*384
4,568
436
91
*287
5,007
470
172
*288
4 987
457
221
i 236
4 573
356
373
232
7 252
528
398
352
6 660
476
244
291
8 072
534
276
112.8
116.8
116.8
116.8
116.8
119.8
124.1
124.1
124 1
124 1
124 1
124 1
v 124 1
118.1
117.4
118.1
117.4
118. 1
117.4
118. 1
117,4
118 1
117.4
118.1
117.4
129.9
117.4
129.9
117.4
129 9
117.4
129 9
117.4
129 9
117.4
129 9
117 4
v 131 3
J>117 4
LUMBER AND MANUFACTURES
LUMBER— ALL TYPES
National Lumber Manufacturers Association: J
Production, total
mil. bd. ft__
Hardwoods
_do _
Softwoods
do
3,432
703
2 729
3,112
669
2 443
2,889
608
2 281
2,932
627
2 305
2,914
625
2 289
3,083
601
2 482
3,138
597
2 541
3,423
627
2 796
3 305
640
2 665
3 067
633
2 434
3, 537
657
2 880
3,147
658
2 489
3,403
654
2 749
3 374
755
2 619
3 092
716
2 376
2 794
672
2 122
2 903
676
2 227
2 966
678
2 288
3 261
669
2 592
3 259
639
2 620
3 373
593
2 780
3 160
558
2 602
2? 949
511
2 438
3 262
556
2 707
2 871
571
2 300
3 156
584
2 572
8 569
3,411
5 158
8 589
3,364
5 225
8,684
3,300
5 384
8 746
3,251
5 495
8 684
3,198
5 486
8 511
3,131
5 380
8 400
3,089
5 311
8 450
3,123
5 327
8 598
3 206
5 392
8 716
3 328
5 388
8 991
3,430
5 561
9 247
3,517
5 730
9 496
3,586
5 910
M bd. ft
do
89, 154
309, 254
56,231
272, 349
64 125
237, 090
46 867
255, 873
59 280
259, 714
62 767
292, 078
61 350
265, 140
59, 656
272, 300
68 151
290, 466
70 485
327 728
64,036
332, 975
61 639
294, 502
mil. bd, ft
do
- do_do
do .
617
606
741
686
917
664
583
710
687
940
756
710
679
629
990
772
746
769
738
1 066
739
746
751
739
1,068
868
798
768
816
1 020
747
775
776
820
989
790
708
835
856
968
689
624
760
774
954
712
630
655
706
902
752
566
830
775
956
652
554
717
664
1 010
Exports, total sawmill products
M bd. ft
30, 233
17 247
Sawed timber
do
Boards, planks, scantlings, etc
- - do
12, 986
Prices, wholesale:
Construction, No. 1, dried, 2" x4", R. L.
dol. per M bd. ft_. 89. 180
Flooring, B and better, F. G., 1" x 4", R. L.
dol per M bd. ft
132 504
Southern pine:
Orders new
_ _ _ mil. bd. ft
713
Orders, unfilled, end of month
do_.
269
Production
do
717
Shipments
_
do _
737
Stocks, gross (mill and concentration yards), end of
month
mil. bd. ft
1,638
6 674
Exports total sawmill products
M bd ft
1,915
Sawed timber
do_
4,759
Boards, planks, scantlings, etc
do
Prices, wholesale, composite:
Boards, No. 2 and better, I" x 6", R. L.
dol. per M bd. ft__ 80. 683
Flooring, B and better, F. G., 1" x 4", S. L.
dol. per M bd. ft
149 916
Western pine:
Orders, new
_ _ _.
mil. bd. ft.
702
Orders, unfilled, end of month.
do
380
846
Production
do
Shipments
do
775
Stocks, gross, mill, end of month
do_1,764
Price, wholesale, Ponderosa, boards, No. 3 common,
I" x 8"
dol. per M bd ft
80.13
20, 477
9 378
11,099
27,160
13 512
13 648
19,420
20,020
26, 280
25,805
(2)
(2)
23, 300
(2)
(2)
28 398
34 013
21 310
12 703
23, 669
12 882
10, 787
27 664
16 699
10 965
89.320
89. 915
Shipments, total
- do
Hardwoods
do
Softwoods
do
Stocks, gross (mill and concentration yards), end of
month, total
mil. bd. ft
Hardwoods
__ -- _ _ _ _ _ _ _
-do
Softwoods
do
Exports, total sawmill products _
Imports, total sawmill products
SOFTWOODS
Douglas fir:
Orders new
Orders unfilled ond of month
Production
Shipments
Stocks, gross, mill, end of month
/2\
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
86. 773
r
798
578
825
774
1,068
87. 962
88. 102
89.180
89.180
132 504
134 138
134 338
134 603
654
229
712
694
601
217
688
613
723
275
733
665
671
275
687
671
733
270
729
738
727
287
714
710
723
261
760
749
664
240
691
685
675
221
690
694
730
215
729
736
641
211
650
645
711
198
744
724
1,656
5 545
2,138
3,407
1,731
7 213
1,971
5,242
1,799
6 123
1,815
6 958
1,806
6 540
1,810
5 639
1,821
7,567
1,827
7 208
1 823
7 983
2 010
5 973
1,816
8,614
1,740
6,874
1,821
5 966
1,918
4 048
1,841
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
134 603 3135 001
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
89. 786
3
89. 174
135 234 3134 989
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
88. 206
3
132 570
85. 089 * 83. 132
3
131.247 rsiso 879 p3i29 662
81. 474
80. 679
80. 588
81. 294
84. 079
83. 826
83. 035
81. 891
82. 425
81.884
149 916
149 916
152 206
152 206
155 159
154 179
154. 546
153. 934
154 154
154. 338 ••154.154 »154. 154
603
367
638
616
1,786
628
418
592
577
1,801
605
457
510
566
1,745
580
459
531
578
1 698
678
498
610
639
1,673
681
489
671
690
1,654
714
441
788
762
1,680
733
424
818
749
1,750
684
415
746
693
1,803
730
347
913
799
1,917
79 36
78 83
79 43
81 30
82 31
83 50
83 67
82.21
79 80
77.39
3,850
11 750
3,900
3,900
7 200
4,300
12 000
4 100
3,800
7 500
4 350
12 150
4 100
3,950
7 750
4 500
13 050
3 650
3 650
7 800
5,650
15 000
3 900
3,700
8 000
4,900
16 050
4,050
3,600
8 500
5,325
16 900
4 250
4,100
8,700
4,350
15 400
4,000
5, 025
7,700
4,525
15 450
3,225
4,300
6 555
4,375
14, 550
4,350
5,000
6,200
81. 884 * 81. 745
681
359
769
668
2,017
733
361
808
731
2,094
73. 53
v 70. 79
3,000
13 350
3,300
3,500
6,350
2,700
13,000
3,700
3,100
7,050
r
HARDWOOD FLOORING
Maple, beech, and birch:
Orders, new
»
__M bd. ft
3,450
12 000
Orders unfilled end of month
do
3 875
Production
.do
4,225
Shipments
do__
7 300
Stocks, mill end of month
_ do
Oak:
Orders, new
do
87, 858
Orders, unfilled, end of month
__ >_
do
85, 704
102, 070
Production
_
do
Shipments
do
100, 684
Stocks, mill, end of month
do
44, 344
'Revised.
» Preliminary.
* Excludes exports of infants'
to April 1956.
t Re visions for January 1954-March 1955 will be shown later.
85,603
71 777
94 572
91 136
78 741
97 078 105 106
74, 889
66,728 71 450
82, 346
72, 123
61, 168
80, 765
102, 317
93, 665
96, 899
93, 738 104, 641
98, 616
93, 743
82 732
95 791
91 007
89 512
91, 370 100 007
95, 049
62, 545
68,437
74, 556
51, 612
73, 249
79,190
74. 077
2
3
and children's shoes.
Not available.
For C and better, flat
79, 691 92, 406
78 010
49, 448
55, 624
62, 224
96, 955
87, 880 102, 497
93 349
86, 291 97, 807
81, 038 87, 716
80, 516
or mixed grain; not entirely
86, 426
72, 917
35. 800
40, 867
87, 730 100, 475
84, 993
93,729
95, 631
88, 885
comparable with data prior
SUKVEY OF CUEEENT BUSINESS
S-32
Unless otherwise stated, statistics through 1954 and
descriptive notes are shown in the 1955 edition of
BUSINESS STATISTICS
December 1956
1955
1956
DecemOctober November
ber
January
February
March
April
June
May
July
August
Septem- October November
ber
LUMBER AND MANUFACTURES—Continued
PLYWOOD
Hardwood (except container and packaging) :
Shipments (market), quarterly total
M sq ft , surface measure
Inventories (for sale) end of quarter
do
Softwood (Douglas fir only), production
M sq. ft., %" equivalent. _ 427, 948
231, 969
32, 359
423, 235
413, 501
••212,892
r
39 183
236, 405
36 938
448, 127
443, 094
469, 751
446, 925
187, 589
39,364
431, 560
372, 282
355, 424
475,763
411,981
907, 275
543 789
178, 674
25 024
493,563
444, 773
METALS AND MANUFACTURES
IRON AND STEEL
Foreign trade:
Iron and steel products (excl. advanced mfrs.):
Exports, 1totalcf
short tons
Scrape?
do
Imports, totalcf
do
Scrap
do
842, 685
447 506
171, 430
17 061
816, 832
447, 365
160, 077
15,508
904, 080
481 070
166, 401
15 268
789, 500
416 614
144, 677
16 410
905, 604
529 847
130 872
13 980
906, 220
479 517
134, 967
13 263
918, 899
481 566
141, 592
11 576
934, 168
500 966
177, 902
13 914
903, 649
520 391
162, 642
14 492
676, 112
413 952
168, 776
13 102
621, 587
383 481
225, 355
26 907
7,248
4,002
3,245
7,217
7,385
7,213
3,969
3,244
7,214
7,385
7,096
4 034
3,062
7 276
7,210
7,419
4 071
3,348
7 492
7,141
7,135
3 882
3 253
7 107
7 168
7,238
4 087
3 151
7 541
6 863
7,145
3 934
3,210
7,270
6,737
7,586
3 947
3,639
7,271
7,054
6,595
3,677
2,918
6,714
6,934
2,304
989
1,315
2 225
7,013
6,127
3 270
2,857
6 108
7,027
'r 6, 733
3, 755
r
2, 978
r
6 979
r
6, 786
p 7, 657
P 4 IQO
J>3 498
j> 7 520
*>6 925
12, 846
13, 696
5,279
7,266
9,268
3,277
3 502
2 549
4,204
3 279
2 183
5,002
3 592
2 081
7 262
3 649
2 004
8,905
8 084
7, 332
9,657
12 970
13 728
8,918
13, 233
13, 879
8,459
1 490
2 143
7,806
9 962
9 898
7,854
13 404
13 512
7,716
13, 415
13,884
6,939
12,244
7,850
49, 523
42, 167
7,356
7,410
7,488
51, 040
43, 718
7,323
184
7,663
44, 359
37 539
6,820
0
0
0
23 370
23, 020
20 365
2 655
5,674
7 457
19, 373
17 184
2,189
12, 554
7 916
24, 010
21 449
2,562
12, 939
7,194
30, 835
27, 468
3,367
2,666
8,045
3 6 858
35, 475
31
901
r
3 574
12, 745
7 217
41,213
37 376
3,837
12,628
2 47, 305
2
42 386
2
4, 918
2,859
75
2 237
1 471
1 460
1 397
1 600
2 989
3 081
2 651
4 068
3 533
Iron and Steel Scrap
Production and receipts, total. --thous. of short tons_Home scrap produced
do
Purchased scrap received (net) .
__ _do._ Consumption, total
do
Stocks, consumers', end of month _
do
Ore
Iron ore:
All districts:
Mine production
thous. of long tons
Shipmentsdo
Stocks, at mines, end of month
do
Lake Superior district:
Shipments from upper lake ports
do
Consumption by furnaces§
do
Stocks, end of month, total§
do
At furnaces§,_.
do
On Lake Erie docks§
do
Importscf
do
Manganese ore, imports (manganese content) cf- do
64
134
1,062
1,306
1,075
1,260
72
1 484
1
81
72
1,141
1 215
1,163
1 255
680
63
63
89
r
r
73
85
8,801
65
Pig Iron and Iron Manufactures
Castings, gray iron:
Orders, unfilled, for sale
thous. of short tons_.
1,113
Shipments, total _
_ __ . do _
1,310
714
For sale .
_do
Casting, malleable iron:
Orders, unfilled, for sale
short tons._ 121, 261
Shipments, total
_ do
90, 866
For sale
do
53, 804
Pig iron:
Production
thous. of short tons..
6,965
Consumption
___
.
_ do ,
6,937
Stocks (consumers' and suppliers'), end of month
2,421
thous. of short tons..
Prices, wholesale:
Composite
_ _ __ __
dol. per long ton
58.45
Basic (furnace)
do
58.50
Foundry, No. 2, Northern
do
59.00
697
664
1,158
1 250
677
1,145
1 218
1,086
1,236
1,041
1 152
1,109
715
702
687
763
488
1 074
1? 103
672
r i no
649
737
1 037
v 1 273
116, 981
99, 280
58,069
123, 107
99 946
60, 409
116, 520
93 562
54, 618
113 616
93 533
54 466
106, 491
86 941
46 266
99, 573
83 320
47, 064
93, 677
80 138
51, 053
86, 247
75 635
45, 022
92 078
54 340
31 300
91 883
74 422
43 479
r gg 3gQ
6,699
6,690
6, 954
6 867
7,050
7 028
6 603
6 576
7 149
7 075
6,925
6 806
6,921
6 792
6 435
6 319
1 107
1 079
5 142
5' 173
r Q 7gQ
6 933
7 316
•P 7 223
2,361
2,289
2,253
2,212
2,167
2,186
2,292
2,315
2,419
2,326
' 2, 396
^ 2 382
58. 45
58.50
59.00
58 45
58.50
59.00
58 45
58 50
59.00
58 45
58 50
59 00
58 59
58 50
59 00
59 65
60 00
60.50
59 65
60 00
60.50
59 65
60 00
60.50
61 08
60 00
63 00
62 35
62 50
63 00
62 45
62 50
63 00
62 45
P g2 50
P 63 00
152, 381
116 908
25, 635
158, 982
122 201
29,003
158, 618
123 343
27, 954
165, 398
128 598
30* 833
170, 045
130 839
31 991
163, 708
125 015
27 475
178, 227
142 025
35 949
164, 661
129 147
31 296
117, 984
96 350
19 833
159, 831
127 001
32 965
155, 046
121 705
33 496
175, 810
584.7
158.1
119.7
38.4
592.4
158 1
120 1
38.0
588 6
160 1
124 7
35.5
589 0
151 7
118 1
33 6
577 7
158 9
122 2
36 8
569 4
150 0
114 8
35 2
551 3
150 6
112 0
38 6
539 6
143 4
103 4
40 1
546
98
76
22
9
5
2
2
562 4
123 2
89 1
34 0
553 8
121 5
88 2
33 3
10, 247
10 504
10 828
10 119
10 925
10 524
10 490
9 721
1 622
8 123
10 423
92 553
41 902
p81 628
§9 45
Steel, Crude and Semimanufactures
Steel castings:
Shipments, total—
short tons_. 145, 674
For sale, total
do
110 409
Railway specialties
do _ . 23, 745
Steel forgings (for sale) :
Orders, unfilled
thous. of short tons_.
559.7
Shipments, total _
do _ _ .
158.0
Drop and upset
~ __ .. _ _ _
, do
120.0
Press and open hammer
do
38.0
Steel ingots and steel for castings:
Production.
_ _ _
_ _ _ _ __do
10,501
Percent of capacity %
98
Prices, wholesale:
.0582
Composite, finished steel
_.dol. perlb..
Steel billets, rerolling, carbon, f. o. b. mill
dol. per short ton._
78.50
Structural shapes (carbon), f. o. b. mill. _ dol. per lb_.
.0487
Steel scrap, No. 1, heavy melting (Pittsburgh)
dol. per long ton. _
44.50
99
99
99
99
100
100
96
92
15
75
99
v 148 3
r 11 049
' 101
.0582
.0581
.0581
.0581
.0581
.0581
.0583
.0583
.0583
.0620
.0627
.0627
78.50
.0487
78.50
.0487
78.50
.0487
78.50
.0487
78.50
.0487
78.50
.0487
78.50
.0487
78.50
.0487
78.50
.0487
84.00
.0527
84.00
.0527
P84.00
p.0527
45.50
50.00
54.50
49.00
48.50
54.50
49.50
44.50
44.50
54.00
58.50
*55.50
1,910
2,075
74
1,741
2,042
78
1,840
2,185
2,377
1,940
69
2,146
1,983
2,278
2,251
61
2,322
2,294
59
2,334
2,469
69
2,502
2 659
65
2,536
2 379
2 266
2 035
2 126
1 731
501, 431
343, 742
157, 689
445, 325
1,505
26, 434
252, 658
150,276
102, 382
212, 913
1,413
26,338
270, 751
156 539
114, 212
230, 631
1,347
24, 192
10 566
100
.0626
Steel, Manufactured Products
Barrels and drums, steel, heavy types (for sale) :
Orders, unfilled, end of month
thousands. .
Shipments
do
Stocks, end of month
do
Cans, metal, shipments (in terms of steel consumed),
total for sale and own use
short tons_.
Food
do
Nonfood
_ _
.. _ do
Shipments for sale
do
Closures (for glass containers), production. _ .millions. .
Crowns, production..
thousand gross..
65
69
57
65
68
289, 577 295, 970 338, 536 480, 301 335 538 405, 082 448 559 594 771 533 264 516 542
171 309 175 092 193 360 321 524 182 338 224 296 266 366 419 818 392 161 352 675
118 268 120* 878 145 176 158* 777 153 200 180 786 182 193 174 953 141 103 163* 867
243 842 250 723 288 099 422 924 278 287 345 429 396 181 531 895 458 042 453 972
1,357
1,421
1,533
1,495
1,591
1,493
1,390
1,594
1^685
1,368
29,405
29,328
34, 369
23,862
37, 619
24,548
20,566
24.870
21,289
18,883
f Revised.
* Preliminary.
1 Total for January-March.
3 AS of Jan. 1,1956.
3 Total for July-August.
§ Beginning 1956, data (compiled jointly by The Lake Superior Iron Ore Association and American Iron and Steel Institute') reflect increased coverage of approximately 70 U. S. and Canadian
furnaces. Also, some U. S. ore previously reported as held on Lake Erie docks is now included in stocks at furnace yards, and certain small stocks of ore, not fully reported in earlier data, are
now more accurately represented. Comparable figures for earlier periods are not available.
cf Revisions for 1954 appear in the June 1956 SURVEY and for 1955 in the October 1956 issue, p. S-35
JFor 1956, percent of capacity is calculated on annual capacity as of January 1, 1956, of 128,363,090 tons of steel; for 1955, data are based on capacity as of January 1,1955 (125,828,310 tons).
NOTE FOR STEEL PRODUCTS, p. S-33.—Data for semifinished products comprise ingots, blooms, slabs, billets, etc., skelp, and wire rods (formerly included with wire and wire
products); rails and accessories include wheels and axles. Monthly data for 1950-54 and annual shipments beginning 1933 on the revised basis will be shown later.
December 1956
SUKVEY OF CUREENT BUSINESS
1955
Unless otherwise stated, statistics through 1954 and
descriptive notes are shown in the 1955 edition of
DecemOctober NovemBUSINESS STATISTICS
ber
ber
S-33
1956
January
February
March
April
May
June
July
August
Septem- October November
ber
METALS AND MANUFACTURES— Continued
IRON AND STEEL-Continued
Steel, Manufactured Products— Continued
Steel products, net shipments :§
7,931
7,217
8,078
5,540
7,248
7,784
Total (all grades)..-. -thous. of short tons_
7,765
1,289
7,581
7.058
7,588
7,468
8,256
400
435
400
417
3291
429
416
Semifinished products
-do . .
367
393
417
447
387
470
461
600
3472
538
Structural shapes (heavy), steel piling
do
543
516
485
467
479
478
525
639
796
754
607
695
3631
641
712
Plates
.
do 747
678
650
707
146
215
160
203
3 152
223
202
Rails and accessories - _ _ . _ _ .
do
211
206
180
233
238
1,197
1,262
1,128
31,052
1,189
1,209
Bars and too* steel, total
- do
1,124
1,288
1,215
1,165
1,284
1,267
849
814
3645
758
834
853
826
756
818
809
801
Bars: Hot rolled (incl. light shapes)
do
877
194
202
194
250
275
182
234
230
3238
174
228
Reinforcing
- - - .. do _ .
217
165
171
152
3152
171
174
Cold
finished
do
125
176
178
171
167
178
884
877
990
3857
914
Pipe and tubing
. do .
1,055
1,000
885
879
872
831
952
339
361
348
3339
332
364
Wire and wire products
do
342
408
457
353
375
395
363
588
3544
Tin mill products (incl. black plate)
. . do . .
367
485
625
390
553
787
539
555
798
3 2, 492
2,843
2,787
2, 733
Sheets and strip (incl. electrical), total
._ .do
2,739
2,796
2,655
2,988
2,855
2,777
2,353
2,910
834
788
794
3709
840
844
Sheets: Hot rolled
_ - _ . . do .
705
816
887
800
798
853
1,312
Cold rolled (incl. enameling)
do
1,318
1,211
31,100
1,395
1,271
1,046
1,268
1,277
1,310
1,327
1,191
NONFERROUS METALS AND PRODUCTS*
Aluminum:
92, 406 132, 316 149, 125
134, 655 133, 689 140, 748 140, 394 132, 763 145, 895 144, 726 150, 800 145, 726 151, 624
Production, primary, domestic
short tons
32, 092
Estimated recovery from scrap©
do . .
28, 131
31, 785
30, 389
26, 258
28, 576
32,283 32, 261
26, 740
29, 154
31, 468
31,117
Imports (general):
12, 183
10, 235
17, 244
19, 217
18, 810
Metal and alloys, crude
...
-do
15, 423
25, 924
10,247
16, 796
12,697
13, 572
13, 496
2,689
Plates, sheets, etc
_._ _
- do
2,216
1,265
2,900
2,185
1,731
2,313
1, 501
1,657
2,765
1,898
2,425
.2440
.2710 ~ .2710 ~~~.~2710~
.2671
.2440
. 2590
Price, primary ingot, 99%-fdol. per Ib
. 2590
.2440
.2590
. 2590
.2440
.2440
.2458
Aluminum shipments:
343.1
353.2
Mill products and pig and ingot (net)
mil. of Ib
361. 4
332.2
356. 8
377.6
354.7 r' 319. 2 307.7
347.9
355. 5
367.3
390.6
248.8
264.4
245. 5
217.4
250. 5
240.4
217. 8
260. 6
247.9
243.6
251.8
Mill products, total
do.._
241.0
279.1
131 1
138.3
117.1
104.3
137.1
138.4
136. 5
147.6
139. 6
Plate and sheet
- - - do
132.5
143.9
142.0
156. 0
71.7
74.6
62.5
Castings
do
74.8
65.8
58.2
••61.4
74.2
73.1
53.0
67.9
73.8
Copper:
Production:
80,615 92, 078 ' 85, 251 92, 538
92, 444
99, 664
94, 934
Mine, recoverable copper A
short tons. _ 92, 616 92, 087
94, 519
89, 182
95, 610
97, 943
127, 537 123,095 135,675 117,631 121, 916 125, 032 123, 344 133, 135 125, 760 107, 565 109, 726 108, 789 125, 204
Refinery primary
do
83,583 82, 727
93. 542
From domestic ores.
-do _ _ _ 94, 218 94, 876
99, 349
98, 008
90, 051
81,814
93, 252
91, 071
94, 943
97, 040
33, 319
26, 143
31,662
28, 219
From foreign ores
do
26, 062
35, 127
35, 709
25, 751
36, 326
24, 379
30, 845
28, 401
27, 992
Secondary, recovered as refined .
. do . 22, 665 22, 071
15, 808
19,088
17, 383
24, 318
25, 780
19, 224
21, 063
14, 349
24, 491
21, 827
25, 932
Imports (general):
52, 500
57, 978
Refined, unref., scrap© O
_ - - do 47, 883
63, 664
52, 446
57, 114
52, 992
49, 324
58, 050
32, 195
47, 881
48, 674
44, 170
13, 697
15, 016
17, 373
Refined
do
21, 120
15, 994
16, 782
20, 876
14, 683
20,682
13, 458
18, 183
19, 443
16, 687
Exports:
29, 312
23, 645
Refined, scrap, brass and bronze ingotsO
do
20, 405
27, 277
19,340
16, 031
19, 142 1 18, 554 1 21, 659 i 21, 086 1 18, 040 i 30, 303 * 17, 703
22, 025
23, 922
18, 167
Refined
do
15,831 16, 434
21, 213
9,251
15, 147
14, 728
12, 115
13, 422
13,319
16, 076
Consumption, refined (by mill"., etc.)
do
81, 482 125, 478 ' 115,607 *131, 763
151, 490 148, 835 154, 852 150, 392 143,022 151, 070 149,803 148, 557 129, 631
Stocks, refined, end of month, total _ _
do
151, 238 156, 801 164, 192 139, 662 142, 897 149, 390 161, 225 164, 055 181, 233 239,113 234, 346 ••219,135 "221, 970
Fabricators'
_ . __ _ _ . _ . . . .
do . . .106, 185 112, 897 114, 634
96, 405 104, 972 102, 272 108, 496 114, 888 129, 095 155, 068 145, 074 «• 132,946 *121, 846
Price, bars, electrolytic (N. Y.)
dol. per Ib
.3960
.4303
. 3570
.3862
.3963
.4296
.4553
.4506
.4081
.4348
.4375
.4616
.4459
.4673
Copper-base mill and foundry products, shipments
(quarterly) :
Brass mill products, total
mil. of Ib
461
570
669
688
Copper wire mill products©-.. . - do _
••363
433
417
428
Brass and bronze foundry products
do
216
263
268
274
Lead:
Production:
25, 975
Mine, recoverable lead.
_ short tons
27, 564
27, 959
29, 848
27, 802
26, 526
29, 263
30, 613 r 27, 445
27, 754
31, 374
31,051 29, 625
Secondary, estimated recoverable©. _
do
40,980 36, 479 38, 967 37, 629 37, 894
35, 356
40, 429
33, 094
33, 536
37, 049
38. 434
37, 047
Imports (general), ore©, metal O
do
38, 999
43, 016
36, 265
40, 335
42, 145
29, 982
28, 961
50,217 43, 950
31,811
42, 635
29, 695
Consumption, total - _ _ - . _ _ __
do _ 114, 700 108, 100 104, 000 107, 800
94, 700
85,900 105, 900
98, 000
98, 600
96, 600
96, 400 101, 200
Stocks, end of month:
Producers', ore, base bullion, and in process©
(ABMS)
short tons__ 124,811 116, 204 119, 733 117, 168 117, 531 118, 230 117, 236 123, 621 130, 561 126, 960 133, 028 126,274 119, 141
26, 147
Refiners' (primary), ref. and antimonial© do_ _. 24, 146
48, 843
29, 515
38, 650
52, 188
44, 369
47,628 37, 706
31, 034
39, 930
50, 371
110, 247 109, 525 * 121, 574 129, 133 130,617 128, 246 131, 162 131, 243 119, 613 123, 695 114, 066 120, 082
Consumers', total^f
do
Scrap (lead-base, purchased), all consumers-do
52, 872
53,209 4 47, 049
52, 129
49, 956
50, 798
53, 339
57, 637
55. 164
51,903 53, 116
51, 949
Price, pig, desilverized (N. Y.) _
dol. per Ib
. 1550
. 1550
.1600
. 1556
.1600
. 1615
.1600
.1600
.1600
.1600
.1600
. 1600
. 1600
. 1600
Tin:
2,092
Production, pig, total ___ .
long tons
2,036
2, 705
1,211
1,694
1,587
1, 993
2,250
2207
1,943
2, 012
2,075
1, 935
Imports for consumption:
1,966
1,443
1, 163
Ore©
do _
1,462
1,053
1,182
2,416
2,746
918
1,761
1,890
679
5,975
5,298
Bars, pigs, etc
do
5, 010
5,224
4,844
4,801
4,482
5,367
5, 466
4,679
4,338
4,577
7, 410
7,390
7,810
7, 500
7, 825
7,615
4,415
8.135
8,420
7,415
8, 115
8,300
7,965
Consumption, pig, total
do
5,010
Primary
_ _ _ _ _ _ do _
5,015
5,305
4,915
4,770
5,230
5, 045
2, 455
5, 330
5, 250
5,775
5, 380
5, 405
Exports, incl. reexports (metal) O
do
71
16
9
70
20
19
57
46
97
20
433
88
17, 161
15,411
19, 050
17, 448
21,114
Stocks, pig, end of month, total
do
20,589
15, 222
16, 787
18, 384
16, 182
18, 353
19, 484
18,421
Industry
_
_ _ _
do _
17, 267
16, 965
14, 785
17, 570
18, 830
18, 670
16, 760
18, 300
17, 845
14, 900
15, 195
16, 930
17, 640
Price, pig, Straits (N. Y.), prompt
dol. per lb__
.9787
1. 0776
.9609
1. 0357
.9688
.9616
1.0482
1. 1020
.9448
.9896
1. 0053
.9917
1. 0572
1.0057
Zinc:
r
Mine production, recoverable zinc. . _ short tons42, 700 r 41, 083 «• 41, 963
43, 507
48, 594
47, 438
45, 759 •• 42, 643
41,019
42, 671
44, 957
45, 066
48, 108
Imports (general):
45, 944
42, 700
49, 249
44, 749
39,688 38, 093 41,955
50, 462
55, 729
Ores and concentrates©©
do
37, 960
41, 300
43, 453
22, 031
20, 627
26, 094
14, 124
14, 179
17, 967
Metal (slab, blocks) O_
_ _ _ _ _
_ do
18, 651
17, 238
14, 081
10, 691
12,631
12, 178
Slab zinc:
Production (primary smelter), from domestic and
80,602
82, 460
84, 583
85, 601
foreign ores
short tons
75, 674
84, 988
78, 914
72, 884
84, 395
80, 987
85, 050
82, 638
7,014
Secondary (redistilled) production, total
do
6,989
6,977
5, 652
5,564
5, 342
5, 154
5, 325
6,026
4,166
5,437
6, 640
97, 940
98, 275
Consumption, fabricators', total
do
97, 255
96, 406
80, 258
81, 876
72, 815
46, 548
89, 762
91, 782
87, 222
77, 155
589
684
151
Exports
_
__ _
do _
657
413
1,103
671
554
647
602
1,083
629
Stocks, end of month:
Producers', smelter (AZI)_ _ _ _ _ .
_ _ d o __ 43, 868 38, 058
40, 979
41, 330
70, 18.5
59, 577
39, 833
40, 038
47, 907
69, 226 102, 775 104, 307 102, 165
88,810
115, 681 117, 752 ' 123,478 122, 514 125, 171 127, 236 128, 050 119, 275 108, 557 103, 988 f 98, 642
Consumers'
do
95, 349
.1300
.1300
Price, prime Western (St. Louis)
dol. per lb__
.1300
.1343
. 1350
. 13.50
.1350
.1350
.1350
.1350
.1350
. 1350
.1350
.1350
8,065
8,304
Zinc oxide (zinc content of ore consumed) .short tons. _ 8,140
7,794
8,909
9, 469
8,536
7,534
8,017
5,761
7,685
5,827
r
l
2
Revised.
» Preliminary.4
Data for January- June 1956 exclude e xports of brass and bronze in gots; suetL exports 8iveraged 68 tons per month in 1955.
Seconda ry plants only.
3
For July and August.
For December 1955, da a reflect *idjustmer it of 6,400 tons of le<id transfe rred from scrap stoc ks to comBurners' st ocks of le£id.
©Basic metal content.
§ Beginning with the Mai-ch 1956 S URVEY, d{ita reflect regroupin g of prod jets. Foi* changes not self-ex planaton , see note at bottoni of p. 8-32.
*New (or substituted) series in most cases. All seri es (except as noted) are comp iled by tlle U. S. Llepartmen t of Intern)r, Bureau of Mines • data pric>r to Augiist 1954 foi" new series will be
shown later. General imports comprise imports for im mediate c onsumpt on plus nlaterial eiitering th e country under b<md. Alu minum— prices of g luminum ingot are as quoted by the
American Metal Market; shipments of mill products plu s pig and ingot are compiled jointly bjT the 17. -S . Departnlent of Coinmerce, B DSA and Bureau o fthe Censiu. Copp er— secondary production, exports, consumption, and stocks of copper and1 shiprnents of mill and founc ry produ(3ts are coinpiled b> BDSA. Lead— pi"oducers' stocks of ,ead ore a nd bullio n are compiled by
the American Bureau of Metal Statistics; stocks of scrap lead are in gross w eight. Zi nc— prirmiry smelts,r product ion of sla b zinc is d erived bj* subtract ing seconclary (redi stilled) production
at primary and secondary smelters (compiled by Burea u of Mine s) from total smelter product ion (comf iled by A merican / line Instit ute).
ARevisions for 1954 are available upon request; Jan.-Aug. 1955 (tons): 83,320; 83,549; 93,746; 89,176; 90,813; 89,460; 33,290; 67,645.
©Revisions for earlier months appear in the July 1956 SUEVEY.
^Beginning January 1956, data include secondary smelters' stocks of refinery shapes not included in earlier figures; for January, such stocks totaled 12,000 tons.
SURVEY OF CURRENT BUSINESS
S-34
Unless otherwise stated, statistics through 1954 and
descriptive notes are shown in the 1955 edition of
BUSINESS STATISTICS
December
1955
1956
DecemOctober November
ber
January
February
March
April
May
June
July
August
Septem- October
ber
METALS AND MANUFACTURES—Continued
HEATING APPARATUS, EXCEPT ELECTRIC
Radiators and con vectors, cast iron:
3,115
Shipments
thous. of sq. ft. of radiation
5, 234
Stocks end of month
do
Oil burners:
Shipments
-- -- - -number. _ 94, 689
49, 268
Stocks end of month
do
Stoves and ranges, domestic cooking, excl. electric:
227, 506
Shipments total
number
6, 834
Coal and wood _ _ _ _
. - - - - _ _ do
208, 633
Gas (incl. bungalow and combination) Q
do
12, 039
Kerosene, gasoline, and fuel oil . ._
_-do
2,779
4 666
1,773
4,834
2,018
4 866
2,236
5,013
1,802
5,814
1,900
6,082
1,577
6,912
1,618
7, 519
1,959
6,626
2,996
5 977
3,089
5 277
63, 186
49, 545
43, 308
49, 628
49, 759
55, 144
44, 697
63, 952
47, 890
73, 835
50, 798
77, 713
51, 650
80, 563
66, 498
75, 128
57, 752
74, 320
85, 278
64, 527
97, 746
51, 778
94, 924
51, 359
198, 852
7,053
183, 531
8,268
167, 452
6, 476
152, 914
8,062
167, 435
5,084
153,516
8, 835
192, 953
5,039
178,441
9,473
194, 454
4,958
181, 480
8,016
174, 627
4, 572
161, 322
8,733
178,069
4,159
166, 627
7,283
179, 899
4,154
169, 539
6,206
155, 725
4,065
146, 845
4,815
206, 506
7,183
187, 484
11, 839
204, 446
5,789
190, 984
7,673
217, 898
6, 536
202, 850
8,512
399, 454
Stoves, domestic heating, shipments, total - - „ do
65, 947
Coal and wood
do
Gas
- -- ---- -.-do -.- 251, 629
81, 878
Kerosene gasoline, and fuel oil
do
303, 546
47, 447
212, 565
43, 534
137, 615
18, 373
90, 908
28, 334
90, 755
6, 896
57, 044
26, 81 5
106, 293
10, 245
58, 849
37, 199
131,234
10, 636
76, 970
43, 628
125, 580
14,310
71, 694
39, 576
166, 167
18, 511
99, 159
48, 497
206, 637
24, 269
132, 474
49, 894
280, 617
32, 832
183, 315
64, 470
348, 645
54, 526
215,861
78, 258
347, 688
58,212
195, 533
93 943
383. 582
63, 483
224, 507
95, 592
Warm-air furnaces (forced-air and gravity air -flow),
shipments total
number
Gas
- -_
do__
Oil
-__
do
Solid fuel
do
Water heaters, gas, shipments
- _
- do
120 948
77, 427
37, 202
6,319
184, 761
79, 728
52, 734
23, 623
3,371
175, 173
87 497
56, 782
27, 859
2, 856
224, 004
78, 906
51,025
25,417
2, 464
246, 098
84 882
56, 527
26, 280
2, 075
254, 786
84, 992
57, 390
25, 311
2,291
230, 056
93, 590
63, 751
26, 585
3,254
231, 388
104, 167
70, 204
30, 434
3, 529
236, 758
111,614
71, 962
34, 770
4,882
226, 532
159,704
99, 712
52, 873
7,119
237, 962
154 509
94 845
51, 638
8 026
217, 277
133 321
81, 462
45, 118
6, 741
225, 632
150,331
94, 368
47, 660
8,303
218, 521
MACHINERY AND APPARATUS
Blowers, fans, and unit heaters, quarterly totals:
Blowers and fans, new orders
thous. of doL~
Unit heater group new orders
do
Foundry equipment (new), new orders, net
mo. avg. shipments, 1947-49=100-.
Furnaces, industrial, new orders, net:
Electric processing
thous. of dol. .
Fuel-fired (except for hot rolling steel) _ do
Industrial trucks (electric), shipments:
Hand (motorized)*
- -- - number- Rider-type
_do
Industrial trucks and tractors (gasoline-powered) , shipments*
number
Machine tools (metal-cutting types):® A
N"ew orders (net) total
mil. of dol_.
Domestic
do
Shipments, total .
do
Domestic
._
- -do
"Estimated backlog
months
Pumps (steam, power, centrifugal and rotary), new
orders
thous. of dol -.
Tractors (except contractors' off -highway and garden) : A
Shipments, total
thous. of doL.
Wheel-type
do
Tracklaving
- do_ ..
75, 099
20,117
64, 785
16 954
47. 139
19 485
52, 275
20 297
108.6
154. 4
183.9
195.6
169.0
152. 7
135.2
207.0
156. 7
110.3
188.3
114.7
1,532
7,061
1,543
4,131
2,188
8,191
2,102
6,189
1,768
9,770
2, 221
3, 526
1,924
6,182
2,035
1,178
2, 555
1,432
1,089
2,726
3, 263
2,988
1,410
1.007
671
624
719
702
682
636
520
570
603
409
491
2 684
2 333
] 777
99.15
92.70
60. 40
53. 60
124. 25
117.75
63.35
56. 70
6.7
151.30
137. 40
70.30
64. 40
7.6
7,048
5, 249
81,728
42, 589
39, 139
650
449
441
2 569
6.1
638
554
2,131
5,447
682
577
512
374
442
2, 141
2,725
2,137
2 Ml
87.10
79. 45
76. 80
70.50
61.85
55. 65
76. 25
69. 55
61.90
55. 25
65. 15
60.70
87.50
78 25
75.10
69.00
7.7
78.45
68 80
71.10
65.40
7.7
8,865
9,903
8,240
7, 587
8,336
8,436
86. 767
44, 244
42, 523
92, 794
42, 996
49, 798
81,342
34, 054
47, 292
71,849
27, 042
44, 807
57, 283
20, 840
36, 443
63, 321
24, 556
38, 765
63, 231
29, 656
33, 575
1,305
1,313
1,332
1,715
1,760
140
145
153
160
153
148
167
'148
168
302. 2
243. 5
357. 5
393. 7
1
1 , 694. 7 1 , 078. 6
286. 4
405. 6
1,093.5
352. 9
324.2
993.0
326. 0
315.2
1, 060. 2
248.3
340.2
1
1,073. 8
259.8
380.2
566.7
276.9
373.9
990.8
320.3
402.6
11,319.2
549.6
467. 9
i 553. 0
336.9
612.9
i 894. 2
820.8
4,158
1,694
28, 700
4,674
1,956
520
533
2 932
2 254
89. 50
80 05
74. 1 5
67 85
8.6
79.30
74. 00
71.80
65.00
8.4
7, 735
8,987
79 375
44. 026
35, 349
79, 526
42, 795
36, 731
2, 556
2,005
151
503
503
1 765
2 170
109. 55
96 70
54. 60
49.40
81.30
72. 35
64. 60
58. 70
7, 624
8,094
67, 355
33, 288
34, 067
77,611
39, 321
38, 290
2,627
146
8.4
8.5
8.2
7.8
7.8
491
9
191
p 66. 00
p 57 40
p 89. 65
p 79. 80
p 7.2
63, 322
27,619
35, 703
ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT
Batteries (automotive replacement only), shipments
3,039
thousands.Household electrical appliances:
162
Refrigeration, output (seas, ad].)*
1947-49 = 100
Vacuum cleaners (standard type), sales billed
349.7
thousands
362.3
Washers domestic sales billed
do
1,396.6
Radio sets production §
_
do
Television sets (incl. combination), production §
thou sands. . 759. 7
Insulating materials and related products:
Insulating materials, sales billed, index
156 4
1947-49 — 100
Vulcanized fiber products:
4, 607
Consumption of fiber paper
thous of Ib
1,914
Shipments of vulcanized productscf thous. of dol
32, 216
Steel conduit (rigid) shipments
thous. of ft
307.3
361 . 3
1,487.9
631. 7
1
604. 6
588. 3
576. 3
395. 7
405. 7
1
1 , 360. 1
1
680. 0
2,121 •• 3 2, 571
155 2
160 2
159 0
163 0
168 0
163.0
158.0
156.0
117.0
153.0
4,409
1,776
29, 522
4, 651
1,847
31,052
4, 678
2,248
27, 432
4, 567
2, 1 36
32, 877
4, 981
2, 234
34, 743
4,792
2,338
37, 840
4,900
2,050
43, 495
4,804
1,903
54, 144
3, 540
1,450
42, 513
4,829
1,930
30, 344
Motors and generators, quarterly:
\eworders index
1947-49 — 100
Polyphase induction motors, 1-200 hp:1
New orders
thous of dol
Billings
do
Direct current motors and generators, 1-200 hp:1
^\ew orders
thous of dol
Billings
do
r3
3
2, 711
3,011
135
372.0
449. 4
1, 348. 9 p 1,378.
p 692.
253. 0
201 6
224.0
47, 303
41,659
53, 266
46, 766
61. 186
51, 572 .. .
55, 187
57, 156
12 986
9,838
11 509
8, 883
12 528
11,321
12 136
10,815
2 4 oo9
' 2, 938
2
16, 777
PETROLEUM, COAL, AND PRODUCTS
COAL
Anthracite:
Production J
thous. of short tons
Stocks in producers' storage yards, end ol month
thous. of short tons_.
Exports
do
Prices:
Retail composite
dol. per short ton
Wholesale, chestnut, f. o. b. car at mine
do
2,258
2, 400
2, 522
2,712
2,334
2,029
2,233
1,925
2,442
1,869
2,699
' 2, 4S1
966
418
886
331
720
374
555
390
433
331
425
231
431
244
371
334
282
405
331
359
529
465
514
680
25.18
13. 261
25. 51
13. 324
25.96
13. 640
26. 37
14. 124
26.88
14. 124
26.88
14. 124
26.88
12. 460
25.74
12. 460
25.89
12. 460
25.99
12.880
2, 600
388
26.21
27.15
26.23
12. 880 ' 13. 055P 13. 579
r
l
2
3
Revised.
p Preliminary.
Represents 5 weeks' production.
Data for month shown.
Adjusted to the 1954 Census of Manufactures; earlier data will be revised later.
O Beginning January 1956, data are estimated industry totals compiled by Gas Appliance Manufacturers' Association from reports of manufacturers whose shipments represent 80 to 95
percent of those for the industry.
©Comparable data back to 1945 are available upon request.
ADiffers from series shown in 1955 edition of BUSINESS STATISTICS.
*New series. Data for trucks and tractors, compiled by the Industrial Truck Association, are available beginning January 1955. The refrigeration index, compiled by the Board of Governors
of the Federal Reserve System, reflects changes in total output of refrigerators, freezers, room air conditioners, and dehumidifiers; data are available beginning January 1947.
§ Radio production comprises home, portable battery, automobile, and clock models; television sets include combination models. Data for December 1955 and March, June, and September 1956 cover 5 weeks; other months, 4 weeks.
{Revisions for 1954 and January-April 1955 are available upon request.
c^Data for January-April 1956 include shipments of hollow ware (averaging $189,000 per month in 1955); in oth^r months, such shipments are excluded,
for polyphase induction motors cover from 32 or 34 companies; for direct current motors and generators, from 25 or 27 companies.
SURVEY OF CURRENT BUSINESS
December 1956
Unless otherwise stated, statistics through 1954 and
descriptive notes are shown in the 1955 edition of
BUSINESS STATISTICS
S-35
1956
1955
DecemOctober November
ber
January
February
March
April
May
June
July
August
Septem- October November
ber
PETROLEUM, COAL, AND PRODUCTS—Continued
COAL— Continued
Bituminous:
Production
thous. of short tons
Industrial consumption and retail deliveries, totalj
thous. of short tons__
Industrial consumption, totalj
_
do _
Electric-power utilities
do
Coke ovens
do
Beehive coke ovens- .
do
Steel and rolling mills
do
Cement mills_
do_ __
Other industrials
do
Railroads (class I)
Bunker fuel (foreign trade)
Retail-dealer deliveries
43, 627
45, 749
45 505
42 575
43 150
40 040
44 010
39, 440
30, 375
44, 050
f 40 220
47 ggo
40, 581
34, 387
13, 026
9,020
45, 403
37, 506
14,482
9,432
45, 473
37, 592
14, 936
9,450
41, 221
34, 231
13 181
8,821
41, 121
35, 124
13, 101
9,424
36, 086
31 900
13 709
9 066
34, 475
31,499
11,787
9,168
31, 867
29, 862
12, 065
8,485
354
376
748
6,906
24,600
22, 649
11, 750
3, 130
93
142
764
6,004
32, 359
29, 557
12, 907
7, 783
rr 33, 319
30, 124
12 175
r
8, 915
^248
36,264
32 743
13 225
9 262
303
437
753
7 695
291
407
732
8,339
9,281
10, 265
409
565
848
10,019
do
do __
1,351
1, 435
1,486
1,362
60
56
22
3
do
4,820
6,194
7,897
7,881
6 990
71, 747
70, 516
40, 208
13, 892
70, 325
69, 211
39, 720
13 604
68, 423
67, 425
38. 228
13, 342
65, 797
64, 852
36, 442
12 562
1,304
13, 420
1,122
1,342
12, 923
1,095
1,270
12, 922
1,087
1,231
1,114
5,534
15.40
Stocks, industrial and retail dealers', end of month,
total
thous. of short tons__
Industrial, total. ._
do
Electric-power utilities
do
Coke ovens
do
Steel and rolling mills
do
Cement mills .
do__ .
Other industrials
_
do
Railroads (class I)
do
Retail dealers
41, 825
37, 533
32, 713
12, 382
9,151
Exports
do
Prices:
Retail, composite
dol. per short ton__
Wholesale:
Screenings, indust. use, f. o. b. carat mine.. do
Large domestic sizes, f. o. b. car at mine__do
COKE
I' reduction:
Beehive
thous. of short tons__
Oven (byproduct) .
do
Petroleum coke 9-do
Stocks, end of month:
Oven-coke plants, total
_
_do
At furnace plants
__
do
At merchant plants
do
Petroleum coke .
do
Exports. _ _
..do
Price, beehive, Connellsville (furnace)
dol. per short ton._
r
373
575
871
396
520
753
9,358
437
533
789
9,629
1,197
1,206
413
465
737
8,377
420
400
768
7,866
189
333
766
6.652
358
809
6, 645
1,093
1,028
40
62
865
63
709
57
868
59
916
'58
1 008
5,997
4 186
2 976
2,005
1,951
2 802
3 195
3 591
65, 261
64, 394
36, 171
12 342
65, 847
65, 194
36, 633
12 840
67, 237
66, 536
37 870
12 865
71, 796
70, 965
40, 223
13 606
73, 678
72, 695
41, 236
14 005
71, 489
70, 411
41, 186
13, 101
74, 312
73, 152
43 Oil
13 369
' 76, 026
r 74, 954
44 564
r 13 522
1,132
13, 064
1,073
538
524
1, 050
13 286
13, 259
1,007
13 339
1, 100
14 573
894
1,267
13, 343
1,362
13 943
907
556
1,185
14,733
980
78, 896
77 705
46 434
14 021
1, 406
14 022
1 513
14 190
998
945
867
653
701
831
983
1 078
1 160
1 072
1 191
4,656
4,340
4,189
3,825
3,935
5,366
5,898
6,570
6,567
7,656
6,453
15. 43
15.46
15.55
15.56
15.57
15 57
15 25
15.26
15. 31
15.45
15.74
16 04
4.706
7.166
4.722
7.187
4.727
7.204
4.732
7.233
4.731
7.229
4.779
7.071
5.045
6.576
5.056
6.620
5.057
6.735
5.051
6.795
5.083
6.987
' 5. 091
' 7. 120
» 5. 427
v 7. 503
'178
6, 462
473
189
6,357
519
225
6,640
536
6,661
1,782
1,240
1,748
1,319
1,697
1,386
1, 649
1, 433
570
do
315
486
768
542
330
48
527
429
307
58
576
311
305
53
579
260
531
215
321
63
5
551
994
246
6 235
499
1,635
1 479
155
333
45
5
534
986
942
271
6 625
523
1,674
1 535
139
344
52
548
569
553
961
929
916
253
258
216
6 380
6 467
5 496
r
154
T 6 299
538
49
2,253
552
119
6 020
535
519
1,939
1 644
2, 635
2 186
2 963
2 437
454
1,743
1 567
176
347
40
495
1,888
1 650
238
344
52
295
342
63
449
355
36
526
341
69
60
609
938
186
6 554
r
2 811
r 2 304
2 598
2 108
507
336
68
13.63
13.63
13.88
14.13
14.13
14.13
14.13
14.13
14.13
14.13
14.35
14.50
2,473
211, 770
2,598
210, 406
2,512
221, 804
2,643
223, 160
2 533
209, 027
2 502
225, 625
2 646
214 386
2 977
218 976
2 574
212, 997
2 680
219, 805
2 245
211 616
491
14.50
PETROLEUM AND PRODUCTS
Crude petroleum:
Wells completed
number
Production^
_ thous. of bbl
Refinery operationspercent of capacity
Consumption (runs to stills)
._ thous. of bbl
Stocks, end of month:
Gasoline-bearing in U. S., total
do
At refineries. _ __
_ __
___do
At tank farms and in pipelines
do
On leases. __
do
Exports
Imports
__.
_
Price (Oklahoma-Kansas) at wells
do
do
dol. per bbl__
231, 411
230, 758
240, 634
248, 721
233, 374
245, 340
224 623
244 784
242, 119
248, 439
2 995
223* 046
94
247 851
259, 201
67, 823
171, 247
20, 131
260, 707
65, 095
175, 427
20, 185
265, 610
66, 852
178, 771
19, 987
261, 592
67, 940
173,383
20, 269
259, 504
68, 516
171, 050
19, 938
265, 683
70, 152
175, 704
19, 827
277, 121
72, 209
184, 807
20 105
277, 497
70, 706
186, 113
20 678
274, 491
67, 805
185, 882
20, 804
277, 008
70, 297
185, 831
20, 880
279, 944
71 995
187, 123
20 826
278, 791
72 749
184 895
21 147
872
1,040
27, 891
2.82
25, 732
2.82
501
24 906
2.82
1, 155
28, 737
2.82
26 244
2.82
610
1 236
30 325
2.82
748
30 045
2.82
34 041
2.82
1 179
31 602
2.82
29 420
2.82
59, 617
41, 674
55 622
37, 291
56, 045
37, 618
51 387
33 892
51 665
35 609
52 640
32, 951
54 775
33, 037
57 007
33 823
55 354
31 868
83, 741
59, 673
69, 165
54 412
65, 631
52 493
46 588
46 470
38 300
43 505
33, 469
39 889
31,490
36 144
33 033
39 422
41 088
39 452
8,221
8,798
6 292
7,095
8 231
5 611
6,224
8 424
6 642
5 758
8 118
6 408
4 468
8 126
6 940
4,615
7 857
7 034
4,323
7 842
6 957
5 177
8 326
7 319
5 202
7 552
6 596
86, 141
38, 247
71 335
35, 673
60 846
32, 984
63 571
32 740
75 928
36 607
93 758
39 073
115 787
43, 958
137 905
46 617
150 411
47 342
1,516
1,146
1 770
1,264
1 574
1,346
2 395
1 685
1 312
1 819
1 544
2 108
1 720
2 155
2 094
2 170
2 170
1 734
.106
1.95
.106
2.00
.106
2.00
.106
2 00
.106
2 00
.106
2 00
.106
2 00
.106
2 00
.106
2 00
11 940
17, 426
21,310
176
11 165
13 830
18, 712
10 590
12 140
17 215
8 978
7 960
18 227
9 058
5 170
21 883
8 704
4 364
26 111
9 170
6 213
28 990
9 716
6 850
31 826
209
180
90
9 872
8 151
33 588
.111
.111
.111
.111
.111
.111
.111
.111
90
871
25, 502
2.82
93
26, 786
2.82
93
Refined petroleum products:
Fuel oil:
Production:
Distillate fuel oil.
thous. of bbl
49, 934
54, 666
50, 347
Residual fuel oil
do .
34, 821
36,412
39, 879
Domestic demand: ef
Distillate fuel oil
___ do _
38, 848
59, 700
83, 910
Residual fuel oil _ _ _
_ __
do
42, 583
51,219
60, 538
Consumption by type of consumer:
Electric-power plants.
do_._
6,038
8,554
7,106
Railways (class I)
do
8,456
8,688
9,007
Vessels (bunker oil) .
do
7,061
6,455
6 777
Stocks, end of month:
Distillate fuel oil
do
152,288 141, 808 111,333
Residual fuel oil
do
47, 040
44, 071
39, 174
Exports:
Distillate fuel oil
do
2,283
1,427
1, 559
Residual fuel oildo
1,884
1,456
2,088
Prices, wholesale:
Distillate (New York Harbor, No. 2 fuel)
dol. per gaL.098
.098
.103
Residual (Okla., No. 6 fuel)
dol. per bbl__
1.75
1.75
1.80
Kerosene:
Production
thous. of bbl
9,391
10 055
12 028
Domestic demanded
.
do
9,087
13, 473
18 602
Stocks, end of month
do
36, 705
33, 283
26, 770
Exports-.
_
_ do
93
93
92
Price, wholesale, bulk lots (New York Harbor)
dol. per gaL _
.103
.103
.108
r
Revised.
f Preliminary.
{Revised (effective with the October 1955 SURVEY) to include bunker fuel.
9 Includes nonmarketable catalyst coke.
ef Revisions for 1954 are available and will be published later.
95
994
95
53
93
83
88
134
93
325
95
866
94
94
240 708
805
P2.82
6 266
7 480
p. 109
2 00
P
58
.111
44 560
P. 115
14. 50
SURVEY OF CURRENT BUSINESS
S-36
1955
Unless otherwise stated, statistics through 1954 and
descriptive notes are shown in the 1955 edition of
NovemDecemOctober
BUSINESS STATISTICS
ber
ber
December 1956
1956
January
February
March
April
May
June
July
August SeptemOctober November
ber
PETROLEUM, COAL, AND PRODUCTS—Continued
PETROLEUM AND PRODUCTS— Continued
Refined petroleum products— Continued
Lubricants:
Production
thous of bbl
Domestic demand 9
do
Stocks, refinery, end of month
do
Exports _ .
do
Price, wholesale, bright stock (midcontinent, f. o. b.
Tulsa).
dol. per galMotor fuel:
Gasoline (including aviation) :
Production, total 9 . .
thous. of bbl
Gasoline and naphtha from crude oil
do
Natural -gas liquids:
Used at refineries (incl benzol)
do
Used in other gasoline blends, etc 9
do
Domestic demand 9 .
Stocks, end of month:
Finished gasoline At refineries
Unfinished gasoline
Natural gasoline and allied products
4,666
3,720
8,108
1,060
5 115
3,713
8 433
1,024
4 693
3, 150
8,763
1,155
4 985
3,512
9,167
1,011
4,536
3,415
9,309
921
4,996
3,478
9,646
1,120
5,108
3,767
9,725
1,208
5,164
3,981
9,542
1,295
5,010
3,599
9,754
1,127
4,749
3,717
9,694
1,028
5,005
3,855
9,547
1,234
4, 706
3,495
9,664
1,035
.190
.200
.200
.200
.210
.220
.220
.220
.220
.220
1.240
i .240
118, 652
104, 839
116, 009
102 255
121,411
107, 750
121, 733
108, 247
111, 754
99, 106
118, 699
105, 518
109, 365
96, 627
119, 640
106, 115
119, 267
106, 118
123, 229
109, 338
125, 142
110, 474
119, 721
105, 676
11, 903
1,910
11,379
2, 375
11, 479
2,182
10, 883
2,603
9, 507
3,141
10, 240
2,941
10, 092
2,646
10, 323
3,202
10. 273
2,876
10, 863
3,028
11, 118
3,550
11,399
2,646
do
112, 558
109, 212
111,034
100, 642
98, 088
113, 128
113, 034
124, 114
127, 413
121, 243
126, 207
112, 691
do
do
do
do
143, 080
73, 327
10, 023
18, 144
148, 050
74 852
9,821
16 450
156, 047
85 585
9,386
13 564
172, 865
101 160
11,040
11 605
184, 554
109, 772
11. 538
11, 392
187, 981
110,001
11,717
12, 642
182, 564
103, 410
10, 735
14, 356
174, 494
95, 479
12. 179
16, 717
164, 826
88, 640
12, 250
19 586
164, 590
86, 118
11,946
21, 595
161, 142
84, 036
11, 797
22, 307
167, 032
86, 313
10. 942
23, 653
2,510
1 904
2 262
2 129
1, 194
2,247
1,995
1,968
1,812
2, 387
1,999
2,510
.110
.130
.213
.110
.130
.212
.110
.130
.216
.110
.130
.214
.110
.130
.213
.110
.125
.214
.113
.125
.215
.118
.125
.218
.118
.125
2.218
.118
. 125
2 .220
.118
.125
2.216
9,263
7,480
10, 074
6,527
8, 295
6 803
10, 035
6 571
9,129
7 447
9,540
6 108
8,876
6 624
10, 408
6 439
8,017
6, 245
11, 496
7,304
8,879
7,056
11,438
7, 185
9,204
7,455
11, 799
7, 706
9,367
7,123
11, 581
7,347
9. 536
7, 151
11, 959
7 268
9, 535
7,290
12,086
7. 239
9,837
7,784
11,919
7,108
9,335
7, 263
11,681
6.880
5,076
5, 136
3,229
4 754
4, 786
3 197
4 464
4,204
3 457
4 494
3,870
4 081
5, 053
4, 986
4, 148
5, 752
5, 564
4,336
4,961
5,117
4,178
6,183
5,682
4,664
5 615
5,907
4,372
5, 668
5, 950
4,090
5, 890
5,405
4,574
5, 861
5,732
4, 637
8,082
5,669
6 017
6. 504
4 560
7,768
4 433
9,051
4,733
10, 608
5, 948
12,067
6, 636
13, 187
8,072
12, 954
9,434
11, 423
10, 025
9,635
10, 571
7,680
9. 805
6, 832
445
535
482
536
455
551
444
538
444
566
479
517
388
502
485
550
448
566
399
566
466
577
441
608
5 801
4 644
2 986
3 188
4 624
6 157
3 951
5 499
5 757
5 800
6,166
5,724
6, 16!
1,149
1,319
3.334
144
80, 747
904
1, 065
2, 675
124
103, 087
573
692
1,721
78
82, 610
626
630
1,932
83
53, 945
958
902
2.765
112
83, 527
1,199
1,230
3, 728
120
98, 828
679
829
2,443
64
52, 267
895
1,189
3,415
78
77, 295
982
1, 110
3, 664
95
84, 895
974
1 201
3,625
101
85, 332
1,117
1, 419
3,630
117
84, 120
1,033
1,464
3,227
125
78, 237
1, 145
1, 543
3,473
148
85,158
3,010
2 838
3, 147
2 989
3,012
3, 1GI
2, 826
4,894
3,619
3, 098
5.418
3,168
2,815
811,383
775 057
755, 298
467, 945
800 360
787, 483
482, 817
752 916
756. 640
480, 174
650, 110
617, 505
514, 619
756, 614
770, 437
498, 997
689, 724
690, 474
501, 122
1, 913. 0
93.5
1, 859. 5
65.8
1, 016. 1
1 954 4
87.8
1, 069. 2
229 1
1 863 9
79.5
1, 026. 8
219 1
1, 723 4
58.3
1, 908. 3
78.0
1, 056. 9
106.3
194 0
102. 1
180 2
1, 727. 4
76.6
950. 7
197.2
243. o
95.4
164 2
Exports (motor fuel gasoline jet fuel)
do
Prices, gasoline:
Wholesale, refinery (Oklahoma, group 3)
dol. per gal
Wholesale, regular grade (N Y )
do
Retail, service stations, 50 cities
do
Aviation gasoline:
Production, total
thous. of bbl. _
lOO-o ctane and above
do
Stocks, end of month, total
do
100-octane and above
do
Jet fuel:*
Production
do
Domestic demand
do
Stocks end of month
do
Asphalt:©
Production
do
Stocks refinery, end of month
do
Wax:©
Production
do
Stocks, refinery, end of month .
do
Asphalt products, shipments:
Asphalt roofing total
Roll roofing and cap sheet:
Smooth surfaced
IVIineral surfaced
Shingles, all types _
Asphalt sidings
Saturated felts .
thous of squares
.
.
do
do
-do_ ._
do
short tons .
I
2
.118
.125
.217
» * . 240
».116
"~v; 2 if
2.216
i
PULP, PAPER, AND PRINTING
PULPWOOD AND WASTE PAPER
Pulpwood:
Receipts
Consumption
Stocks end of month
Waste paper:
Receipts
Consumption
Stocks end of month
thous of cords (128 cu ft )
do
do
2 899
2,987
4,726
2 640
2 886
4 482
3 048
short tons
do
do
808 959
796 131
780, 973
421 687
750 842
800, 758
406, 763
3 147
3, 106
3 234
3 039
5 027
3 076
5,165
5,203
755 915
763, 252
445, 456
811, 788
458 697
750 367
765, 042
445 724
1 890 9
82.8
1, 019. 7
241 5
246. 1
106. 1
194 8
1 813 6
88.4
240.8
225. 1
261.5
108.8
193 1
2,762
4 773
711,936
2,924
446, 947
2,707
4,899
4,586
4,567
5,772
WOOD PULP
Production :cf
Total all grades
thous of short tons
Dissolving and special alpha
do
Sulfate
_
_ d o
Sulfite
do
Groundwood
do
Defibrated or exploded
do
1 873 9
88.2
1, 005. 7
232 7
1 801 2
83.6
116 6
186 7
108 5
175 9
1 716 2
85.3
924.1
200 1
235. 4
100 1
171 3
244.0
983.4
213 3
236.6
989.2
222 7
97.3
175 3
1,031.1
246.2
246.0
102.0
183 4
268.0
256.4
Stocks, end of month :<?
Total all mills
Pulp mills
Paper and board mills
Nonpsper mills
do
do
do
do
770 4
157 4
514.8
98 1
771 8
151 9
517. 6
102 2
762 9
131 6
526.1
103 9
775 1
156.1
518.3
100 7
785 9
165. 2
777.0
780.8
797.6
813 2
502.4
504.9
100 2
105.4
493.3
Exports all grades total 9
Dissolving and special alpha
All other
do
do
do
41 8
15 0
26.8
55 0
17.6
37.4
58 4
22 6
35. 7
38 8
15.0
23.9
47 2
15.9
31.3
49.7
15.7
34.1
520.5
169.2
181.6
190.5
200.4
105.8
102.2
518.2
100. 6
42.9
18.8
24.1
46.2
22.9
23.3
46.3
20.2
26.1
950.2
244.7
223.9
264.5
94.7
157 5
106.6
178 3
849.0
200.3
872.9
200.5
577.5
884.9
102.1
104.9
50.2
17.4
32.8
37.5
12.7
24.8
218 0
548. 6
100 0
39.4
18.2
21.2
196.4
583.7
- - _ - --
211.3
183.7
201 6
211.9
210 3
168. 7
171.9
191 1
185 6
201 2
194 1
210 6
Imports all grades total 9
do
12.0
11.0
17.9
19.4
18.9
17.9
13.8
14.1
16 9
18 5
14.8
20 5
Dissolving and special alpha
do
199.3
196.5
172.7
183.7
194.0
149.4
152.9
176.3
187.1
177.2
167.0
190.0
Allother
_ do
r
l
Revised.
» Preliminary.
Effective August 1956, for "solvent refined" instead of "conventional"; August 1956 price on former basis was unchanged from July 1956.
2
Average for 54 representative cities throughout the United States; essentially comparable with data through May 1956.
9 Revisions for petroleum products (domestic demand, gasoline production, and natural gas liquids used in blends) for 1954, and wood pulp (exports and imports) for January 1954-Tuly
1955 will be published later.
,
,
„
,
*New series. Prior to 1954, included with data for gasoline, kerosene, and distillate fuel oil; for January-July 1954 figures, see note "i" on p. S-35 of the September 1955 SUBTEY and earlier
issues.
O Asphalt—5.5 bbl. = l short ton; wax—1 bbl.=280 Ib.
(^Effective with the October 1955 SURVEY, data as compiled by the Bureau of the Census have been substituted for those from the United States Pulp Producers Association.
SURVEY OF CURRENT BUSINESS
December 1956
Unless otherwise stated, statistics through 1954 and
descriptive notes are shown in the 1955 edition of
BUSINESS STATISTICS
S-37
1956
1955
DecemOctober November
ber
January
February
March
April
May
June
July
August
Septem- October November
ber
PULP, PAPER, AND PRINTING—Continued
PAPER AND PAPER PRODUCTS
All paper and board mills, production: t
Piper and board total
thous of short tons
Paper
do_ _
Paperboard^
-- do
\Vet-machine board
do
Construction paper and board
do
2,681
1,154
1,236
13
278
Paper, cxcl. building paper, newsprint, and paperboard
(American Paper and Pulp Association):
Orders new
thous. of short tons _ 1,034.4
892.7
Orders unfilled end of month
do
1,022.3
Production
do
1, 004. 4
Shipments
- do.
459.4
Stocks end of month
do
Fine paper:
129.5
Orders new
do
108 8
Orders unfilled end of month
do
128.9
Production
-do. 125. 4
Shipments
- - do
101. 5
Stocks end of month
do. .
Printing0 paper:
357.0
Order new
..do_
441.2
Orders unfilled end of month
do
337.7
Production
-- do _ .
340.6
Shipments
_.
- do
153.8
Stocks end of month
do .. Price, wholesale, book paper, "A" grade, English
14.45
finish white f o. b. mill
dol. per 100 lb..
Coarse paper:
339.0
Orders new
thous. of short tons..
210. 5
Orders, unfilled, end of month
do --....
332.6
Production
do
328.4
Shipments
do~
89.0
Stocks end of month
-do
Newsprint:
Canada (incl. Newfoundland):
538.8
Production
- do. 547.2
Shipments from mills
_ _ .-. do
116.9
Stocks, at mills, end of month _ . - do^ - United States:
478.9
Consumption by publishers
~ do. 141.8
Production^
do . 141.4
Shipments from mills!
- - do Stocks, end of month:
9.5
•\t mills
do
342.3
\tpublishers
..-.do
80.7
In transit to publishers
- do
2,655
1,165
1,210
13
267
2,599
1,105
1,222
13
260
2,461
1,078
1,129
12
243
2,655
1,161
1, 233
12
250
957.2
876.0
973 7
953.8
471.1
987.0
892.0
949.5
939.0
442.0
i 906. 1
1
881. 7
1,030.6
1
858. 1
1
391.0
122. 5
106 8
125. 3
126.9
99.0
128.2
113.2
122.7
123.9
93.0
133. 5
122 7
132.0
133.8
96.4
126.1
116 9
125. 3
127.4
93.2
149.8
131 9
144.5
144.0
96.2
137.8
133 5
135.6
136.1
99.8
144.8
143 7
141.3
142.2
100.2
129.9
143 1
136.4
141.4
98.8
119.1
143.8
118.5
119.2
96.1
340.0
438.2
333.6
335. 7
151.6
361.7
465. 3
330.2
329. 5
152.3
390. 5
502. 9
348.8
346.1
155.0
362.9
492 4
348. 8
344.3
159.5
407.0
519.7
366.8
365.8
160.5
371.9
548.5
348.5
348.9
160.0
372.7
545 5
368.0
368. 2
159.8
362.5
531.1
357.0
357. 8
159.1
354.1
536.4
331.2
330.9
159.4
2 598
1,132
1,198
12
256
2,761
1,206
1,252
13
290
2,643
1,163
1,200
12
268
2,761
1,198
1,274
13
277
2,371
1,068
1,043
10
250
2,724
1,205
1,231
13
273
1
885. 9 i 982. 1 i 890. 5 1 910. 1 i 854. 3 ' i 827. 2 ' i 863. 8 r l 805. 0
* 914. 9 ' i 863. 9 ' i 850. 0
!891.8 * 929. 5 i 952. 8 i 957. 7 i 904. 0
938.2 r 1 060. 9 f 976. 9
1,1 057. 5 1, 029. 4
1,011.0
1,1 066. 9 1,035.2
1
1
i 794. 1 ' i 914. 5 r i 833. 2
* 891. 5
914.0
878.
4
857.
9
908.
8
1
i 397. 7 r i 408. 0 r i 410. 6
401. 8 1 397. 5 1 401. 7 1 401. 6 1399.0
125.7
134 8
136.7
139.6
>-94.8
r
r
i 864. 0
* 798. 0
1, 072. 0
i 906. 0
1
401.0
* 116.0
i 126 5
r
130. 4
»• 135.2
'96. 1
121.0
106 0
144.0
136.0
88.0
'r 347. 9 r«• 333. 8
502 3
506 4
T
370. 8 '341.3
r
369. 8 r 338. 4
r
160. 4 »• 163. 3
357. 0
483 0
380.0
379.0
164.0
14.45
14. 85
15.05
15.05
15. 05
15. 05
15.05
15.27
15.38
15.38
312.3
205.0
315 0
309.3
93.0
316.9
214.4
309.4
316.1
88.5
325.7
210.1
332.3
322.5
93.7
342.2
229.2
334 9
331.8
97.8
365.7
222.1
345.6
346. 7
89.5
324. 5
215. 8
334 1
334.3
91 2
338.0
213.3
343 6
342.4
89.2
309.7
181.9
336 1
332 7
90.9
300.4
181.4
295 0
293 5
88.3
' 335. 7
541. 7
544.4
114.2
520.0
554.1
80.1
523.3
502.3
101.1
514.7
501. 6
114.1
552.9
534.8
132.2
518. 4
508. 4
142.2
550.5
551.8
141.0
536 4
544. 5
132.9
461.8
142.0
144.1
419.2
131.9
131.0
402.3
139.5
140. 5
397.8
130.5
132.0
446. 1
149. 0
147.3
461.8
138.3
136.3
464.1
149 0
149.6
7 5
325.7
82.5
8.3
361.0
97.4
7 3
360.0
112.0
5 8
366.1
107.2
7 4
366.3
103.9
9 4
342.3
93.8
8 9
348 7
98.5
Impoft^o 71
__
. . __ .
-do
459.4
453.1
Price, rolls, contract, delivered to principal ports
dol. per short ton__ 125. 75
126. 75
Paperboard (National Paperboard Association):
Orders, new _
__
thous. of short tons. . 1, 299. 8 1, 255. 1
591.3
654.6
Orders unfilled, end of month_ . _ _ _ do
Production total
do ._ 1, 260. 2 1, 261. 4
102
100
Percent of activity
Paper products:
Shipping containers, corrugated and solid fiber,
shipments*}
mil. sq. ft. surface arca__
8,252
8,837
Folding paper boxes, index of value:
189.7
191 6
New orders
1947-49=100
194.3
189.2
Shipments
do. -.
2,463
1,108
1,101
12
243
15.38
v 15. 38
r 344 3
r
344 1
' 99.1
302. 0
r 169. 7
r 307 5
r
303. 8
r
94.6
326.0
165.0
326 0
328 0
92.0
532 5
543.1
122.2
570 4
559.3
133.3
514 0
528.7
118. 5
582 1
578.4
122.2
422.4
141 9
144 4
388 8
138 5
137 3
402 5
154 3
153 5
434 9
140 6
141 1
476.9
154 0
153 4
6 4
376 1
112 2
7 7
449 8
102 5
8 5
518 5
114 0
80
513 0
111 8
8 7
516 4
114 8
T
r 179. 6
483.2
459. 3
430.2
442.4
431. 5
489.8
464 7
480 3
485 4
127. 00
129. 00
130. 25
2 130. 10
2 130. 10
2 130. 10
2 130. 10
2 130. 10
2 130. 10
2 130. 10
1, 203. 7 1, 195. 4
577.2
539.5
1, 223. 7 1, 165. 4
100
90
1,155.3
584.2
1,209 1
100
1, 303. 0
547.0
1,291 1
100
1, 210. 7
535.0
1, 184 8
98
1, 282. 4
557.9
1 289 5
97
1, 120. 9
418 2
1 233 5
98
1 076 5
464 5
992 3
77
1 176 4
418 0
1 232 8
95
1, 077. 6
410 2
1 073 1
89
7,797
7,588
7,758
8,686
7,979
8 287
8 315
7 196
8 950
8 124
9 234
8 311
185 2
180.7
195 7
164.9
189 4
189 0
232 0
186 1
206 8
166 4
197 8
185 5
202 8
180 0
190 2
171 4
202 8
192 0
191 5
181 3
233 1
206 9
176 ()
193 4
1,216
969
247
717
570
147
851
615
236
1, 334
1 066
268
1,125
912
213
982
798
184
956
773
183
1,053
814
239
749
569
180
988
733
255
1,417
1 166
251
1,308
1 135
48, 342
107 324
39, 789
43, 638
101 748
36, 694
38 353
103 301
41 195
46 700
99 668
40' 367
r 44 179
51 259
92 300
425 2
3
130. 10
1,312.4
490 5
1 256 5
96
1 136 4
407 8
1 174 1
91
PRINTING
Book publication, total
New books
NP\V editions
number of editions. _
- - do ._
do
1, 467
1,256
211
1, 086
926
160
1 7 '-I
RUBBER AND RUBBER PRODUCTS
RUBBER
Natural rubber:
Consumption
.
long tons. - 54, 995
Stocks, end of month
do
110, 795
Imports, including latex and guayule
do
46, 676
Price, wholesale, smoked sheets (New York)
dol. per lb._
.433
Synthetic rubber:
Production
- Jong tons _ 89, 060
Consumption
do
80, 389
Stocks, end of month
do
134, 753
Exports
do
11, 241
Reclaimed rubber:
Production
Consumption
Stocks, end of month
_ _
do
. _do__ .
_. __ ..do.. _
27, 947
26, 597
27, 565
52, 769
103 774
50, 684
48, 377
109 530
48. 409
53, 751
111 943
59, 393
50, 285
111 832
53, 862
50, 040
109 974
52, 749
47, 446
109 892
51, 394
.453
.470
.408
.373
.345
.323
91, 281
81, 661
133, 664
10, 890
90.319
76 026
136, 319
11,450
93, 522
78 480
141, 732
10, 723
90 488
75 240
145, 906
12, 958
94 389
77 888
150, 995
13, 670
91 602
74 682
155, 410
13, 261
29, 113
27,229
28, 473
28 102
24, 515
31, 058
26 205
25 827
31, 640
27 108
25 571
31, 875
28 468
26* 176
33, 326
93
76
162,
14
.304
.308
740
396
682
226
85 296
67 816
171, 196
12 841
.335
88
58
188,
12
031
196
813
197
86
72
192,
12
r gg 0(59
42 974
.365
.325
.321
468
537
486
911
90 602
(59 205
88 158
80 542
195, 635
r
r
200,793
12 600
25 485
22 103
21 593 r 22
19 776
23 560
20 560
21 498 r 20'
18 099
34, 863
35, 647
35, 512 T 36]
35, 703
2 Not entirely comparable with data through February
26 848
23 999
34, 360
.345
3f>8
9fi 941
242
527
23 632
37. 507
1956; March 1956Hprice
' Revised.
* Preliminary.
1 Beginning January 1956, data exclude estimates for "tissue paper."
comparable with earlier prices is $130.25.
t Effective with the October 1955 SURVEY, items have been revised as follows: Construction paper (formerly included in the total for paper) is now combined with construction board;
wet-machine board was formerly included with paperboard.
^Revisions for January-December 1954, appear in the March 1956 SURVEY.
cf Revisions are as follows (units as above): October 1954, 417.8; May 1955, 447.9; June 1955, 449.8.
§Revisions for January 1953-March 1955 will be shown later.
SURVEY OF CURRENT BUSINESS
S-38
1955
Unless otherwise stated, statistics through 1954 and
descriptive notes are shown in the 1955 edition of
NovemDecemOctober
BUSINESS STATISTICS
ber
ber
December 1056
1956
January
February
March
April
May
June
July
October NovemAugust September
ber
RUBBER AND RUBBER PRODUCTS—Continued
TIRES AND TUBES
Pneumatic casings :cT
Production
thousands
9, 555
9,603
8,478
8,979
8,897
9,193
8,834
8,986
7,930
6,741
8,050
7,800
8 799
Shipments, total
._ _.
Original equipment
Replacement equipment
Export
. _ _ _ do _
do
do_ _
do
8,117
8, 045
7,515
8,203
3,402
8,627
3,466
5,034
127
130
129
2 833
6,319
145
6,952
6,627
8,644
2,302
178
8,880
2,770
5,980
9,298
172
9,119
3,217
5,761
141
9,289
4, 669
131
7,473
3,342
3,952
6,178
163
7 776
2 9Q8
4 703
165
Stocks end of month
Exports
do
- - do
16, 163
147
17, 727
140
18, 778
166
19,517
146
20, 933
142
21, 562
106
21, 132
165
21, 296
141
19, 947
154
17 394
137
16, 794
207
17, 648
161
18 775
do
do
3,119
3,004
3,052
2,875
2,719
2,686
2,917
3, 608
2,969
3,347
2, 962
3,094
2,797
3,093
2,878
2,837
3,370
2 300
2,795
3,295
2 773
3 025
_ _ do _ _
do
6, 286
67
6,734
6,833
6,294
6,547
6,848
7,312
i 47
7,657
7,349
1
5.962
41
6,418
84
6,056
6 469
-
Inner tubes :d"
Production
Shipments
Stocks, end of month
Exports
3,495
4, 460
161
4,303
3,592
150
78
4,045
3,298
83
i 31
2,921
i 42
i 39
138
2, 533
3,384
1 553
5,238
162
2,777
76
2*877
96
STONE, CLAY, AND GLASS PRODUCTS
PORTLAND CEMENT
Production,
Percent o f capacity _ _ _
Shipments
Stocks, end of month:
Finished
Clinker
_
thous. of bbl._
_
thous. of bbl
27, 924
110
28, 950
24, 894
101
21,985
23, 075
91
17, 203
21, 440
80
13,500
19, 578
78
16, 093
23, 386
87
22, 471
26, 134
100
27, 324
29, 606
110
32, 087
28, 771
110
32, 296
29, 498
109
31, 598
30, 055
111
33, 607
28, 643
109
30, 173
do
--- - do_.
8,754
3,514
11, 664
4,236
17,516
7,001
25, 454
10,460
28, 939
13, 873
29, 868
16, 151
28, 679
15, 951
26, 204
14, 222
22, 685
12, 537
20, 598
11,059
17, 068
9,264
15, 538
7,838
656, 868
637, 593
632, 714
581,028
566, 810
480, 413
565, 351
434, 730
536, 072
455, 350
611, 058
541, 423
627, 494
624, 747
671, 629
661, 456
646, 423
632, 217
648, 127
618, 630
685, 128
641, 400
603, 572
571,237
29. 736
29. 831
30.018
30. 092
30. 281
30. 398
30. 470
30. 565
30. 946
30. 946
30. 668
171,814
171, 749
174, 343
157, 170
163, 161
117,863
155,334
120,988
157, 162
155,027
173, 193
159,463
117,225
127, 755
126, 753
137, 290
164, 378
183, 461
168, 228
178,007
190, 528
187, 421
173, 770
169, 118
192, 139
186, 756
72, 165
73 672
69, 631
64 489
69, 078
59 681
69,419
54 220
63, 373
51,331
68, 058
54, 655
65, 901
58, 666
64, 762
61, 273
60, 162
59. 471
65, 113
56, 753
69, 260
63, 405
64, 598
55, 507
60 910
12, 384
10, 735
10, 354
11,097
11, 128
11,865
11, 985
12, 393
12, 606
12,203
13,290
10, 032
13. 435
9,952
11, 956
10, 590
11, 887
11,971
11, 150
15, 759
10, 331
14, 515
1,019
1,155
1, 254
1,246
2,236
1,890
1.708
CLAY PRODUCTS
Brick, unglazed:
Production
.„ . .
thous. of standard brick_
Shipments
do
Price, wholesale, common, composite, f. o. b. plant
dol per thous
Clay sewer pipe, vitrified:
Production
. .
Shipments
Structural tile, unglazed:
Production
Shipments
- short tons.
do
do
do
646. 609
600 790
30. 668 TO 30 714
64,079
GLASS PRODUCTS
Glass containers:
Production
thous of gross
Shipments domestic, total
do
General-use food:
Narrow^ -neck food
do
Wide-mouth food (incl. packers' tumblers, jelly
glasses and fruit jars)
thous of gross
Beverage
Beer bottles
Liquor and wine
Medicinal and toilet
Chemical household and industrial
Dairy products
Stocks end of month
p
11, 300
9,920
11, 576
9,578
1,355
936
1,062
853
993
1,025
2 663
2,843
2,798
3,496
3,340
3, 236
5,138
f) gQg
4 154
993
847
1,874
3 291
2 973
3 431
2 717
do
do
do
do
do
do
411
597
1 492
2,902
1 012
240
471
589
1,352
2,516
846
237
708
730
1,168
3,304
933
240
612
584
964
2,690
960
198
838
660
1,085
2,640
886
187
1, 656
940
1,347
2,932
1,010
203
808
984
1,222
2, 608
963
188
936
1,183
1,162
2,787
986
182
1,274
1,279
1,139
2,535
948
202
1,001
1,170
924
2,393
982
198
683
1, 262
1,342
3, 483
1, 312
303
395
604
1,172
2, 309
834
234
3,476
do
13, 719
14, 123
12, 700
13, 995
14, 882
14, 516
15, 549
15, 673
15, 917
16,518
13, 685
13, 162
11,741
1, 157
306
GYPSUM AND PRODUCTS
Crude gypsum, quarterly total:
Imports
Production
thous of short tons
do
Calcined production quarterly total
do
Gypsum products sold or used, quarterly total:
TJncalcined uses
short tons
Industrial uses
Building uses:
Plasters:
Base-coat
All other (incl Keene's cement)
Lath
Wallboard
All other O
1,212
2 780
804
2,591
1,248
2, 846
1,206
2,238
2,208
2,367
2,110
2,569
750, 171
700, 029
819, 437
911, 118
do
80, 692
84, 574
88, 369
77, 685
do
do
416, 164
317, 381
354, 421
271, 691
428, 129
356, 196
433, 807
381, 095
748.1
1, 241 9
55.8
719.2
1, 286. 0
53.5
796.5
1, 227. 0
69.4
601.6
1, 068. 1
55.8
mil. of sq ft
do
do
' Revised.
f Preliminary.
i Data for January-June 1956 exclude exports of passenger-car inner tubes; such exports averaged 27,000 per month in 1955.
d*Data for 1954 for production, shipments, and stocks have been revised. Unpublished revisions (for January-May) are available upon request.
O Comprises sheathing, formboard, tile, and laminated board.
NOTE FOR MANMADE FIBERS AND MANUFACTURES, p. S-39.—Fiber production (representing complete industry coverage) is according to data compiled by Textile Economics Bureau, Inc.; the total includes production of textile glass fiber, not shown separately. Noncellulosic fibers cover types other than textile glass; they include acrylic, nylon (polyamide),
polyester, saran, protein, and others.
Data for imports, exports, and for production of broad woven fabrics (industry totals) are compiled by U. S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census. Manmade fabric production
comprises, in addition to items shown separately, broad woven fabrics of 100-percent glass, of saran mononlament, acrylic, and polyester fibers, and of paper, etc. Silk fabric production comprises broad woven fabrics of 100-percent silk and of silk mixtures.
Statistics for 1955 are shown in the October 1956 SURVEY, p. S-38.
SUEVEY OF CUEEENT BUSINESS
December 1956
1955
Unless otherwise stated, statistics through 1954 and
descriptive notes are shown in the 1955 edition of
Novem- DecemOctober
BUSINESS STATISTICS
ber
ber
S-39
1956
January
February
March
April
May
June
July
August SeptemOctober November
ber
TEXTILE PRODUCTS
APPAREL
Hosiery shipments
thous. of dozen pairs
Men's apparel, cuttings:^
Tailored garments:
Suits
- - - thous. of units
Overcoats and topcoats
do
Trousers (separate), dress and sport
do
Shirts (woven fabrics), dress and sport
thous. of doz_Work clothing:
Dungarees and waistband overalls
do
Shirts
- - - do
Women's, misses', juniors' outerwear, cuttings:
Coats
thous. of units .
Dresses
-do. __
Suits
_
_
do
Waists blouses and shirts
thous. of doz
14,287
14, 585
12, 228
12, 713
13, 291
12, 713
10,828
11, 094
11, 895
10, 024
12,. 996
12, 496
14, 189
1,684
400
4,944
1,716
340
5,424
1 1, 945
1335
i 5, 160
1,876
272
5,280
1,860
288
5,664
i 2, 285
1410
1
5, 940
1,796
452
5,328
1,804
540
5,328
i 1,1 925
570
i 5, 760
984
308
3,792
1,860
540
4,992
i 1, 935
i 550
i 5, 040
1,816
444
4,800
1,856
1,864
i 1, 890
1,924
2,060
1
2,285
1,812
1,836
1
1, 775
1,280
1,852
1,905
1,948
424
384
372
376
1335
1390
328
408
380
416
i 345
1450
328
408
308
408
1290
1405
208
280
292
388
1240
1345
244
364
2,564
19, 997
994
1,084
2,684
20, 607
1,449
1,092
1,985
18, 589
1,640
789
2,384
22, 230
1,916
1,063
2,521
24, 189
1,663
1,115
2,527
26, 203
1,165
1,167
1,264
26, 001
599
1,004
1,323
25, 229
556
1,016
2,054
21, 236
864
983
2,398
16, 828
1,107
1,033
2,948
2, 527
20, 807 ' 17, 044
1,150
813
1,318
983
2,955
21, 614
913
1,366
COTTON
Cotton (exclusive of linters) :
Production:
9,558
G innings §
thous of running bales
Crop estimate, equivalent 500-lb. bales
thous. of bales. 736,860
Consumption^
- bales
Stocks in the United States, end of month,
22, 865
totall
thous. of bales
22, 805
Domestic cotton, total
do
6,880
On farms and in transit
- do
14, 598
Public storage and compresses
__do-_
1,327
Consuming establishments
do
60
Foreign cotton, total
_
do
191, 536
Exports!
bales
10, 516
Importsj
--- --do
32.8
Prices (farm), American upland
cents per lb__
Prices, wholesale, middling, 1", average 14 mar34.2
ketsA..cents per lb_Cotton linters:^
159
Consumption
thous. of bales
216
Production
do
1,397
Stocks end of month
do
4
13,049 2 13, 714 3 14, 373
1
14, 542
4
1
410
1,513
5,535
14, 721
916, 396
721, 577
713, 940 1 812, 330 549, 520
686, 275 1 822, 180
9,709 « 12, 385
«13,303
855, 447
746, 996
760, 590
21,929
21, 872
3,768
16,581
1,523
56
137, 759
19, 234
32.4
20, 938
20, 878
1,646
17, 561
1,671
60
158, 741
18,295
31.2
20, 131
20, 070
1,129
17, 263
1,678
61
77, 805
12, 896
30.7
19, 293
19, 232
1,009
16, 498
1,725
61
99, 392
18, 131
31.0
18, 102
18, 046
910
15, 439
1,697
56
294, 657
8,618
31.6
17, 029
16, 983
762
14, 664
1,557
46
361, 939
6,071
32.5
15, 981
15, 940
652
13, 895
1,393
41
343, 750
5,907
32.0
14, 975
14, 936
609
13, 203
1,124
38
237, 722
4,452
32.3
14, 540
14, 501
791
12, 835
875
39
134, 625
1,987
32.4
26, 256
26, 222
13, 146
12, 303
773
34
423, 297
3,555
31.1
24, 983
24, 954
9,804
14, 272
878
29
505, 019
22, 278
32.5
23, 602
23, 569
6,269
16, 169
1,131
33
31.9
31.9
••34.9
34.8
35.2
36.2
'36.4
36.4
36.4
36.4
35.3
33.0
33.1
33.2
33.2
155
235
1,418
i 142
1206
1,431
156
207
1,434
153
187
1,500
1152
i 149
1,459
153
111
1,371
157
76
1,260
U38
144
1,095
134
36
999
155
53
855
1130
i 157
872
155
216
935
49, 894
15, 750
42, 469
16, 478
2,637
38, 430
15, 871
43,328
24, 367
45, 106
21, 371
2,734
51,124
17, 739
45, 535
18, 734
42, 507
18, 944
' 2, 621
40, 429
15, 508
29, 189
13, 615
37, 625
13, 884
2, 356
39, 912
10, 552
29.78
36.4
16.6
17.5
30.24
36.4
17.5
17.8
31.08
36.4
18.0
18.1
31.26
36.4
18.0
18.3
30.68
36.4
18.0
18.3
29.88
36.4
17.0
18.3
29.59
36.4
16.4
18.0
29.25
36.4
16.1
18.0
28.54
36.4
16.0
17.8
28.92
36.4
15.9
17.4
30.18
36.4
15.8
17.0
29.68
36.4
15.7
'16.8
30.75
J>36. 4
v 16. 3
P 17.3
.696
.984
.701
.984
.708
.988
.708
.996
.713
1.000
.713
.998
.708
.992
.698
.976
.693
.965
.686
.958
.684
.958
.680
'.953
P. 691
f. 970
20,881
19, 302
10, 295
515
9,512
144.9
20, 902
19, 352
10, 150
508
9,393
143.0
20, 988
19, 440
11, 848
474
1
10, 992
i 133. 3
20, 990
19, 399
10, 315
516
9,577
146.6
20,983 20, 888
19, 350
19,428
10, 347 i 12, 562
517 1 503
11, 740
9,633
147.2 i 142. 8
20, 796
20, 492
18, 954
19, 276
9,793 i 11, 459
490
458
9,128 i 10, 664
139.6 i 130. 6
20, 552
19, 022
7,713
386
7,128
110.1
20, 308
20, 465
18, 912
18, 780
9,544 1 11, 436
477
457
8,849 i 10, 678
137.4 i 131. 8
20,343
18, 839
9,847
492
9,162
2,074
858
126
9,736
447.3
219.7
106.8
99.9
1,911
996
235
9,190
8 1, 566
8 1, 244
95
9,057
1,817
1, 472
101
11, 042
439.2
216.2
110.3
90.2
8
1,615
8
1, 048
96
8,478
1, 569
1, 197
660
8,196
397.6
183.3
97.8
94.0
8
1, 727
8
1, 392
329
6,926
1,456
1,483
90
6,636
1,614
1,969
74
5,939
384.6
166.2
87.5
106.3
1,566
1,710
101
6,269
78.6
49.5
29.1
86.4
52.2
34.2
83.2
49.0
34.2
82.3
46.1
36.2
89.6
49.5
40.1
102.5
55.0
47.5
110.6
61.0
49.6
118.9
64.0
54.9
123.3
67.5
55.8
120.8
67.0
53.8
.830
.326
.830
.326
.830
.326
.863
.326
.863
.316
.863
.316
.863
.316
.863
.316
.863
.316
14, 934
652, 923
479, 015
98, 384
13, 804
16, 543
624, 119
457, 996
84, 398
19, 535
741, 447
732, 319
COTTON MANUFACTURES
Cotton cloth:
Cotton broad-woven goods over 12 inches in width,
production Quarterly
mil of linear yd
Exports
thous. of sq. yd. _
Tmportst
--------- do
Prices, wholesale:
Mill margins
cents per Ib
Denim white back 28-inch, 8 oz/yd cents per yd
Print cloth 39-inch, 68 x 72
do
Sheeting, class B, 40-inch, 48 x 44-48
-do
Cotton yarn, natural stock, on cones or tubes:
Prices, wholesale, f. o. b. mill:
20/2 carded weaving
dol. per lb__
36/2 combed knitting
do
Spindle activity (cotton system spindles) :J
Active spindles, last working day, total
_ thous Consuming 100 percent cotton
do
Spindle hours operated, all fibers, total mil. of hr._
Average per working day
do
Consuming 100 percent cotton
do
Operations as percent of capacity cf
1
20,827
19, 290
9,991
500
9,324
142.2
30.37
MANMADE FIBERS AND MANUFACTURES
Fiber production quarterly total* 9
mil oflb
Rayon and acetate' Filament yam
do
Staple plus tow
do
Noncellulosic (nylon acrylic protein etc )
do
1,763
Exports: Yarns and monofilaments*
thous. of lb__
1,018
Staple tow and tops*
do
178
Imports" Yarns and monofilaments*
do
11, 740
Staple tow and tops*
do
Rayon and acetate:
77.5
Stocks, producers', end of month, total. .mil. of lb__
48.6
Filament yarn
doStaple (incl. tow) . _
do_ __ 28.9
Prices, rayon yarn, viscose:
.830
Filament 150 denier
dol per Ib
.336
Staple 1 5 denier©
do
Manmade broad woven fabrics:
Production Quarterly total* ? thous of linear yd
Rayon and acetate (excl tire fabric)
do
Nvlon and chiefly nylon mixtures
do
16, 909
SILK
14, 243
8
8
8
1,8 546
967
84
7,467
8
8
' 5*7,080
409,468
r
70, 418
17, 696
17, 834
' 7 61. 8
' 733. 6
734.3
115.8
63.7
52.1
' 109. 2
'61.1
48.1
106.4
62.1
44.3
.863
.316
.863
.316
p. 863
*.316
15, 522
490, 442
353, 277
60,849
15,385
r
16,335
12, 633
761.1
1,094
1,059
874
1,046
1,129
1,188
778
1,747
1,058
489
1,259
1,098
Imports raw
thous of Ib
4.41
i>4.57
4.63
4.41
4.58
4.42
4.36
4.45
4.65
4.49
4.44
4.36
4.43
Price raw AA 20-22 denier
dol per Ib
' 8, 359
9,451
8,490
9,235
Production, fabric, atrlv. total*. „ "thous. of linear yd__
2
3
r
« Ginnings to December 1.
i Data cover a 5-week period.
Ginnings to December 13.
G innings to January 16.
* Total ginnings of 1955 crop.
" Preliminary.
Revised.
6
7
8
^ estimate.
___
_
_
December 1 crop
Production for month shown.
Data for January-June
1956 exclude certain exports
which are included for other _periods: (Yarns) excludes thread and handwork yarns which averaged 24,000 Ibs. per month in 1955; (staple, etc.) excludes sliver, tops, and roving which averaged 33,000 Ibs. per month in 1955.
IData for December 1955 and March, June, and September 1956 cover 5-week periods and for other months, 4 weeks; cotton stocks and number of active spindles are for end of period
covered.
§Total ginnings to end of month indicated, except as noted.
^Scattered revisions for 1954-July 1955 will be shown later.
AEffective August 1, 1956, middling I" became the base quality for spot cotton quotations, replacing middling 1W. Comparable prices for 1", back to August 1951, are available upon
request.
d"The operation rate is calculated on a 5-day, 80-hour week without any adjustment for holidays. Current data are withheld pending a revision of the series.
*New series. See descriptive note at bottom of p. S-38 for sources; data for 1955 are shown in the October 1956 SURVEY, p. S-38.
9 Includes data not shown separately.
©Quotations beginning August 1955 not strictly comparable with earlier data.
SUEVEY OF CUEEENT BUSINESS
S-40
1955
Unless otherwise stated, statistics through 1954 and
descriptive notes are shown in the 1955 edition of
October
Noven,
DecemBUSINESS STATISTICS
December 1956
1956
January
February
March
April
May
June
July
October November
August
TEXTILE PRODUCTS—Continued
WOOL AND MANUFACTURES
Wool consumption, mill (clean basis) :1
Apparel class
thous. of lb__
Carpet class
_
.
do
Wool imports, clean content
do
Apparel class (dutiable), clean content- _
do
Wool prices, wholesale, raw, clean basis, Boston:
Territory, 64s, 70s, 80s
_.
. dol. perlb__
Bright fleece 56s-58s
do
Australian, 64s, 70s, good topmaking, in bond.-do
Knitting yarn, worsted, 2/20s-50s/56s, Bradford system,
wholesale price
dol. per Ib
Woolen and worsted woven goods, except woven felts:
Production quarterly total
thous of lin. yd
Apparel fabrics, total
do
Other than Government orders, total
do_ _.
Men's and boys'
do
Women's and children's
_._do
Nonapparel fabrics, total
do
Prices, wholesale, suiting, f. o. b. mill:
Flannel, men's and boys'
1947-49=100..
Gabardine, women's and children's
do
23,007
11, 905
20, 978
8,342
22,695 i 25, 988
11, 572 i 13, 875
17, 941
17, 602
8,754
9,586
24,956
12, 851
29,974
13, 112
25,590 129,423
13, 402 1 14, 452
29 852
28, 966
12, 767
14,310
25, 018
12, 110
23 083
11,244
24,674 i 28, 303
11,424 Ul,800
23 713
18,369
8,060
14,219
21,558
7,150
18, 812
8,050
24,353 i1 26, 574
12, 145
13, 398
19,688
15,209
8,034
5,360
24,423
12,787
1.300
.999
1.262
1.275
.992
1.225
1.298
1.029
1.225
1.316
1.064
1.300
1. 321
1 078
1.325
1.298
1.046
1.325
1.280
1 005
1.325
1.282
1.033
1.325
1.295
1.039
1.375
1.312
1.045
1.412
1.341
1.045
1.425
1.381
1.069
1.425
1 475
1 131
1.425
1.819
1.819
1.819
1.844
1.869
1.856
1.856
1.856
1.856
1.869
1.880
1.891
f 1.963
112.9
97.3
112.9
97.3
112.9
97.3
r
82, 738
79, 261
78, 465
39, 345
39, 120
3,477
76, 662
72, 829
71, 682
33, 595
38, 087
3,833
112.9
97.3
112.1
97.3
112.1
97.3
87, 894
' 85, 147
84, 713
* 42, 822
'r41, 891
2, 747
79 572
77. 053
76, 431
37, 572
38, 859
2.519
r
112.1
97.3
1 525
1 168
1.450
113.2
97.3
113.2
97.3
112.9
97.3
112.9
97.3
112.9
97.3
112,9
97.3
TRANSPORTATION EQUIPMENT
AIRCRAFT
353
663.0
188
348
454.3
116
485
652.6
110
537
985.6
126
614
1, 265. 4
117
656
1, 200. 4
109
692
1. 219. 6
162
714
1, 354. 7
157
648
1, 445. 8
150
507
1,151.0
129
'681
1, 581. 9
148
613
1, 370. 4
143
508
1,568.6
number.
do
do
_. do.
do
do
do
601, 256
469
385
505, 177
491, 893
95, 610
81,390
860, 848
359
340
745, 993
720, 667
114, 496
98, 345
799, 109
410
406
695, 096
667, 974
103, 603
86, 921
690, 253
253
242
591, 032
569, 846
98,968
83, 752
663, 586
278
274
560, 924
536, 680
102, 384
83, 752
689, 982
434
405
583, 169
554, 761
106, 379
86, 996
654, 333
371
360
552, 881
529, 945
101, 081
82, 400
570, 486
362
304
474, 010
459, 070
96, 114
77, 593
538, 052
503
471
445, 758
433, 859
91, 791
73, 463
522, 018
307
220
440, 980
429, 813
80, 731
63, 044
503,276
429
397
417, 020
410, 164
85, 827
68,809
275, 555
368
364
203, 888
202, 159
71, 299
56, 852
445, 122 p26S6,800
*>2204
298
291
352, 140 *2593,500
341, 779
92,684 P 2 93,100
77 533
do
_. do _
do
23 389
8,855
14, 534
32, 209
18,634
13, 575
38,608
22,685
15, 923
33, 065
19, 090
13, 975
40, 851
23,631
17, 220
50, 382
30, 170
20, 212
35, 329
19, 709
15, 620
33, 065
14, 717
18,348
30, 816
13, 690
17, 126
25, 869
9,339
16, 530
25,947
7,078
18, 869
20, 596
4,583
16, 013
Truck trailers, production, total __
Complete trailers
Vans
._
Trailer chassis
do
do
do
do
6,977
6 770
4,259
207
7,177
6 968
4,742
209
6,937
6 692
4,456
245
6,233
6 085
3,824
148
6,424
6 207
3,815
217
6,866
6 487
3,797
379
7,155
6 802
4, 165
353
7,196
6 759
3,975
437
6,979
6.538
3,725
441
5,222
4,960
2,818
262
6,018
5,668
3,273
350
4,854
4,492
2,475
362
5 478
5 122
2 939
356
Registrations:
New passenger cars
New commercial cars
do
do
576, 045
87, 262
509, 155
75, 756
630, 488
93, 733
431, 648
66, 141
447, 542
65, 478
545, 234
77, 220
564, 272
82, 699
560, 014
84, 997
539, 777
78, 501
534, 997
78,404
568, 320
79,831
421, 021
72, 420
424 414
76 052
4 233
2,856
2 455
1,377
3 845
2,749
2 331
1,096
3 814
2,714
2 696
1, 100
4 199
2,981
2 981
1,218
4 883
3,154
3 152
1,729
5 989
4,366
4 326
1,623
6 723
4,549
4 493
2,174
5,607
3,318
3,261
2,289
5 370
3,143
3 117
2,227
5,525
2,944
2,783
2,581
3,458
1,835
1 821
1,623
433
424
206
204
399
390
38
38
860
851
39
39
903
884
42
42
464
443
53
53
812
784
54
54
793
764
25
25
740
720
53
44
758
737
40
36
729
715
29
22
681
672
48
43
715
700
46
42
706
684
26
25
1,702
80
4.7
57, 410
31, 294
26, 116
1,700
75
4.4
103, 685
46, 947
56, 738
1,694
71
4.2
135, 293
62, 996
72, 297
1,696
76
4.5
131, 331
60, 112
71, 219
1,696
76
4.5
127,030
57, 644
69, 386
1,697
70
4. 1
122, 095
54 391
67, 704
1,699
70
4.1
119, 698
52 861
66, 837
1,701
70
4.1
116, 694
51, 651
65, 043
1,702
67
3.9
112, 226
49, 771
62, 455
1,704
77
4.5
109, 051
47, 955
61, 096
1,704
74
4.4
106, 739
46, 246
60, 493
1,704
70
4.1
109, 079
49, 875
59, 204
1, 703
68
4.0
111,298
52, 470
58, 828
1,016
16.1
1,013
16.4
997
16.8
1,074
18.6
1,069
19.2
984
18.4
925
17.8
793
16.1
772
16.8
740
16.5
721
16.6
737
17.3
529
13.6
876
906
854
835
897
859
938
885
796
849
739
737
728
40
62
29
53
41
85
88
42
52
73
57
52
Civil aircraft (complete), shipments
Airframe weight _
Ex ports cT
number
thous. of Ib
number
MOTOR VEHICLES
Factory sales, total
Coaches, total
Domestic
Passenger cars, total
Domestic
Trucks, total
Domestic
_
Exports, total©
Passenger cars
Trucks and buses©
RAILWAY EQUIPMENT
American Railway Car Institute:
Freight cars:
Shipments, total
number
Equipment manufacturers, total
do
Domestic
do
Railroad shops, domestic
do
Passenger cars, equipment manufacturers:
Orders unfilled, end of month, total
do
Domestic
do
Shipments, total
do
Domestic
do
Association of American Railroads:
Freight cars (class I), end of month: §
Number owned O
thousands
Undergoing or awaiting classified repairs do
Percent of total owned
Orders, unfilled©
number
Equipment manufacturers
do
Railroad shops
do
Locomotives (class I), end of month: O
Steam, undergoing or awaiting classified repairs
number. _
Percent of total on line
Diesel-electric and electric: Orders, unfilled
number of power units
Exports of locomotives, total
_
number .
5 967
4 152
4 128
1 815
5,666
3,728
3 728
1 938
T
l
2
Revised.
f Preliminary.
Data cover a 5-week period.
Preliminary estimate of production.
1 Data for December 1955 and March, June, and September 1956 cover 5-week periods: other months cover 4 weeks.
cfExports revised beginning January 1954 to include 2 types of aircraft formerly classified as "special category" and therefore excluded from the total.
©Data beginning January 1956 include exports of "used" special-purpose vehicles not included in earlier data; exports of these types averaged 26 vehicles per month in 1955. Revisions
(number): October 1954—Total, 22,216; trucks, etc., 15,859; January 1955—total, 38,743; trucks, etc., 17,073.
§ Excludes railroad-owned private refrigerator cars.
OData beginning December 1955 reflect reclassification of reporting roads to revised ICC list of class I line-haul railroads; comparability with earlier data, based on ownership, is affected by less than 1 percent.
NOTE: Beginning with the October 1956 SURVEY, figures for shipments of industrial trucks and tractors will be found on p. S-34 in the Machinery and Apparatus Section.
U. S. GOVERNMENT P R I N T I N G OFFICE: 1958
•INDEX TO MONTHLY BUSINESS STATISTICS, Pages S1-S40Pages marked S
Acids
24
Advertising
8,9
Agricultural employment
11
Agricultural loans and foreign trade_ _ _ 16,17, 21, 22
Aircraft and parts
2,12,13,14,15,40
Airline operations
23
Alcohol, denatured and ethyl
24
Alcoholic beverages
2,6,8, 27
Aluminum
33
Animal fats, greases, and oils
25
Anthracite
11,13,14,15,34
Apparel
2,3,6,8,9,10,12,13,14,15,39
Asphalt and asphalt products
36
Automobiles
2,3,8,9,12,13,14,15,16,17,22,40
Bakery products
2,12,13,14,15
Balance of payments
21
Banking
14,16
Barley
28
Barrels and drums
32
Battery shipments
34
Beef and veal
29
Beverages
2, 6,8,12,13,14,15, 27<
Bituminous coal
11,13,14,15,35
Blast furnaces, steel works, etc
12,14,15
Blowers and fans
34
Bonds, issues, prices, sales, yields
17,19, 20
Book publication
,__
37
Brass and bronze
33
Brick
38
Brokers' loans and balances
16,19
Building and construction materials
8,9,10
Building costs
8
Business incorporations, new
5
Business sales and inventories
3
Butter
27
Cans (metal), closures, crowns
32
Carloadings
23
Cattle and calves
29
Cement and concrete products
6,38
Cereals and bakery products
6,12,13,14,15
Chain-store sales (11 stores and over only)
10
Cheese
27
Chemicals
2,3,4,6,12,13,14,15,19,22,24
Cigarettes and cigars
6,30
Civilian employees, Federal
12
Clay products (see also Stone, clay, etc.)
6,38
Coal
3,6,11,13,14,15,22,23,34,35
Cocoa
._ 22,29
Coffee
22,30
Coke
23,35
Commercial and industrial failures
5
Communications
11,13,14,15,19,20,24
Confectionery, sales
29
Construction:
Contracts awarded
7
Costs
8
Dwelling units
7
Employment, earnings, hours, wage rates__
11,
13,14,15
Highways and roads
7, 8,15
New construction, dollar value
1,7
Consumer credit
16,17
Consumer durables output, index
3
Consumer expenditures
1,9
Consumer price index
6
Copper
22,33
Copra and coconut oil
25
Corn
28
Cost-of-living index (see Consumer price
index)
6
Cotton, raw and manufactures
2,5,6,22,39
Cottonseed, cake and meal, oil
25
Credit, short- and intermediate-term
16,17
Crops
2,5,26,28,30,39
Crude oil and natural gas
3,11,13,14,15
Currency in circulation
18
Dairy products
2,5,6,12,13,14,15,27
Debits, bank
16
Debt, United States Government
17
Department stores
9,10,11,17
Deposits, bank
16,18
Disputes, industrial
13
Distilled spirits
27
Dividend payments, rates, and yields__
1,19, 20
Drug-store sales
9,10
Dwelling units, new
7
Earnings, weekly and hourly
14,15
Eating and drinking places
9,10
Eggs and poultry
2,5,29
Electric power
6,26
Electrical machinery and equipment
2,
3,6,12,13,14,15,19,22,34
Employment estimates and indexes
11,12
Employment Service activities
13
Engineering construction
7,8
Expenditures, United States Government
17
Explosives
25
Exports (see also individual commodities)
21, 22
Express operations
,_
23
Failures, industrial and commercial
5
Farm income, marketings, and prices
1,2,5,6
Farm wages
15
Fats and oils, greases
6,25,26
Federal Government
finance
17
Federal Reserve banks, condition of
16
Federal Reserve reporting member banks
16
Fertilizers
6,25
Fire losses
8
Fish oils and
fish
25,30
Flaxseed
26
Flooring
31
Flour, wheat
29
Food products
2,3,4 5,
6,8,9,10,12,13,14,15,18, 22, 27, 28, 29 ,30
Pages marked S
Foreclosures, real estate- _ _ ._
________________
8
Foreign trade indexes, shipping weight, value
by regions, countries, economic classes, and
commodity groups ________________________ , _ _ 21,22
Foundry equipment ________________________ 34
Freight carloadings _______ __________________ 23
Freight cars (equipment) ___________________ 40
Freight-car surplus and shortage _____________ 23
Fruits and vegetables.._________________5 , 6 , 2 2 , 2 8
Fuel oil _____________________ _ _____________ 35
Fuels___________________________________6,34,35
Furnaces __________________________________ 34
Furniture________________2,3,6,9,10,12,14,15,17
22
Furs
Gas, prices, customers, sales, revenues ------- 6, 27
Gasoline__________________________________9,36
Glass products _____________________________ 38
Generators and motors ______________________ 34
Glycerin____________________________________24
Gold___________________________________--18
Government corporations and credit agencies.
17
Grains and products...___________5 , 6 , 2 2 , 2 3 , 2 8 , 2 9
Grocery stores______________________________9,10
Gross national product- _ ____________________ 1
Gross private domestic investment __________ 1
Gypsum and products_____________________6,38
Hardware stores __________________________ 9
Heating apparatus________________________6,34
Hides and skins_________________________6,22,30
Highways and roads_______________________7,8, 15
Hogs_________________________________ _ _ _ _ _ _
29
Home Loan banks, loans outstanding ________ 8
Home mortgages _______________________ . _ .—
8
Hosiery ___________________________________ 39
Hotels____________________________11,13,14,15,24
Hours of work per week_____________________12, 13
Housefurnishings_______________________6,8, 9, 10
Household appliances and radios_________3,6,9,34
Imports (see also individual commodities) ____ 21, 22
Income, personal___________________________1
Income and employment tax receipts _________ 17
Industrial production indexes. _ ______________ 2,3
Installment credit__________________________16, 17
Installment sales, department stores _________ 10
Instruments and related products _ _ 2 , 3 , 12, 13, 14, 15
Insulating materials ________________________ 34
Insurance, life ______ ____________________ ---- 18
Interest and money rates ___________________ 16
International transactions of the U. S________21,22
Inventories, manufacturers' and trade ___ 3, 4, 10, 11
Iron and steel, crude and manufactures ______ 2,
6,8,12,14,15,19,22,32,33
Kerosene ___________________________________ 35
Labor disputes, turnover ____________________ 13
Labor force ________________________________ 11
Lamb and mutton _____________________ _____ 29
Lard ______________________________________ 29
Lead_______________________________________33
Leather and products _______________________ 2,
3,6,12,13,14,15,30,31
Linseed oil _________________________________ 26
Livestock_______________________________2 , 5 , 6 , 2 3 , 2 9
Loans, real estate, agricultural, bank, brokers'
(see also Consumer credit) __________ 8, 16, 17, 19
Locomotives ____________________________ ___ 40
Lubricants ________________________________ 36
Lumber and products ______________________ 2,
3,4,6,8,9,10,12,14,15,18,31,32
Machine activity, cotton______________________39
Machine tools________________________________34
Machinery___________2,3,4,5,6,12,14,15,19,22,34
Magazine advertising ______________________ 8
Mail-order houses, sales ____________________ 11
Manmacie fibers and manufactures____________6,39
Manufacturers' sales, inventories, orders _____ 3,4,5
Manufacturing production indexes __________ 2,3
Manufacturing production workers, employment, payrolls, hours, wages _____ 11, 12, 13, 14, 15
Margarine ______ _ ___________________________ 26
Meats and meat packing ____ 2,5,6, 12, 13, 14,15,29
Medical and personal care __________________ 6
Metals _______ 2,3,4, 5,6, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 19,32,33
Methanol _________________________________ 24
Milk _______________________________________ 27
Minerals and mining_______2,3,11,13,14,15,19,20
Monetary statistics __________________________ 18
Money supply. . ____________________________ 18
Mortgage loans____________________________8, 16, 18
Motor carriers________________________________23
Motor fuel___________________________________36
Motor vehicles___________________________6, 9, 19, 40
Motors, electrical _________________________ 34
National income and product____________ ____ 1
National parks, visitors ______________________ 24
National security____________________________1,17
Newspaper advertising_____________________8,9
Newsprint___________________________________22,37
New York Stock Exchange, selected data ____ 19, 20
Nonferrous metals_________2,6,12,14,15,19,22,33
Noninstallment credit _______________________ 17
Oats________________________________________28
Oil burners__________________________________34
Oils and fats, greases_____________________6, 25, 26
Orders, new and unfilled, manufacturers' _____ 5
Ordnance___________________________11,12,14,15
Paint and paint materials___________________6, 26
Panama Canal traffic__________________________23
Paper and products and pulp___________________2,
3,4,6,12,13,14,15,18,36,37
Passports issued __________________________ 24
Payrolls, indexes __________________________ 12
Personal consumption expenditures __________ 1,9
Personal income_____________________________1
Personal saving and disposable inc ome _______ 1
£*ages Qifrlced S ,
Petroleum and products
„»..,
3,6,12,13,14,
Pig iron
i-_
Plant and equipment expenditures;..-,
Plastics and resin materials
.*,*.«,.__
Plywood
....,...Population
*.!.._,
Pork
'
„
Postal savings
,...*,,Poultry and eggs
;.__
Prices (see also individual commod^tii
Consumer price index
Received and paid by farrnerj
Retail price indexes
Wholesale price indexes
Printing and publishing
Profits, corporation
, ^ _ ^,
Public utilities
]
6,7,11,13,14,15',
Pullman Company
„
, JL^J,;,
24
36
Pulp and pulpwood
_-,«w(^-;t
Pumps
;..,»,%.yi
34
Purchasing power of the dollar
i JJ j»i;i*i,
*
Radiators and convectors
,
Radio and television
,4
;
Railroads
2,11,12,13,14,
Railways (local) and bus lines
.]
Rayon and acetate
_._., i
Real estate
i
t_
Receipts, United States Government.
Recreation
,_,.»,; * «*»if %*•Refrigeration appliances, output-.,.**.,»>^il_.'.
Rents (housing)
.„%.._,.£_,,.
6,9
Retail trade, all retail stores, chain titpffe) |ll
stores and over only), general met<:l-ffflliiwC:,
department stores
3,5,9,10,11,13,14, 15,17
Rice
28
Roofing and siding, asphalt
,»_.,._^ »,_
36
Rubber (natural, synthetic, and reclaimed),
tires and tubes
„
;_„ 6,22,37,38
Rubber products industry* production itioftfc^
sales, inventories, prices, employment, pay*
rolls, hours, earnings
2,3,4,6,12,13,14,15
Rye
-_.....,..,.._,,_ •
28
Saving, personal
_»_> w .^^-».».
1
Savings deposits___
,.._
_,_> „>_.._,..
16
Securities issued
_
„_,_..*'
19
Services
1,9,11,13,14, IS
Sewer pipe, clay
„__.._,.
38
Sheep and lambs
.
.,
«
29
Ship and boat building...
_
12,13,14, 15
Shoes and other footwear. _ 6,9,10,12,13,14,15, 31
Shortening
^
. ..,^_.* '•
26
Silk, imports, prices, production.
^ \
i^« 6) 39
Silver
„
..*,_.;. , 18
Soybeans and soybean oil
*.„.._,.*.»_,»
Spindle activity, cotton
,
"!»_;*_.,' '' .
Steel ingots and steel manufactures. (tee also :
Iron and steel)
^.,^, _T ,32,,33
Steel scrap
_,. ,„*!;»—" " " 32
Stocks, department stores
11
f-m'*n.L++^ .
Stocks, dividends, prices, sales, yields, figtiolj^-r : ,2'0
Stone, and earth minerals
-v'.*^(j.»,'
3
Stone, clay, and glass products ,...
..l^.j* - " 2.
3,4,^14,1^19,, 38
Stoves
,.._;^ii«. ' 34'
Sugar
^-*».w_,»* 22),30
Sulfur
' 25Sulfuric acid
24
Superphosphate
"25
Tea
.
Telephone, telegraph, cable, and
graph carriers
Television and radio
Textiles
Tile___
Tin
HI
Tires and inner tubes
6,9, L,, __,, „
Tobacco and manufactures _^_^.j_«^ivi
3,4,5,6-$il8*li3ii
Tools, machine
^l.^^S^I&ZT?34!' •
Tractors
„,. twi^iw;,rr;.|2,34
Trade, retail and wholesale
,_ *' '* • " - *
Transit lines, local
Transportation and transportation.
3,4,5,6,9,11,12,13,14{"
Travel
.
LL^^^
Truck trailers
,'Jj!_il*l
Trucks
II
"
'
Unemployment and compensation.
United States Government
United States Government, .wwu-vc..^^:
Utilities
2, 6, 7,11,13, l^jifil
Vacuum cleaners
„__^A.'iiC.U,^»^' j 34
t
Variety stores
„,
C^i^'4*'^' '9,10Vegetable oils
^^__,.^J^_,-4*i.M, 25,26
Vegetables and fruits
.-.^w^iw'-^,^22,118
Vessels cleared in foreign trad<j«_,I«,_,'vJi'i.«T**««
23
Veterans' benefits
^'-_«>,J,^i^C-,y- 13,17
Wages and salaries
,__«__*<_.«_„«*,. '1,14,15
Washers
-J^i^^..,
34
Water heaters
««._,-V*.-^P.»- " 34'
Wax
*-^~*^j,~*.±
36
Wheat and wheat
flour
«,^,
28,29
Wholesale price indexes
„
»^_,j^».^_
6
Wholesale trade
3,5,11,13,14,15
Wood pulp
_,,._-..}_.«..
36
Wool and wool manufactures
Zinc.
...»*,* 2,5,6,22,40
33
.
GovERNMEf4T PRINTING OFFICE
OF PUBLIC DOCUMENTS
PENALTY FOR PRIVATE USE
PAYMENT OF POSTAGE. f3OO
(GPO)
WASHINGTON 25, D. C.
OFFICIAL BUSINESS
First-Class Mail
Volume 36
Survey of Cuw>i*emt
19156 Index of
Numbers 1-12
and Features
ARTICLES
Since World War II.
-aiid Product in 1955.
ts in 1955
Production and Trade
l&K|>ectatIons for 1956 —
~"%"' Outlays and Sales
...............
ts in Overseas Transportation
......
Foreign Grants and Credits by U. S. Government
in 1055 .............. . . . ......
sumer Service Market . . .....
, 1952-55 .
Foreign Travel. ...... . ---- , .....
Economic Improvement. .
........
No,
1
2
2
2
2
Page
3
3
9
15
4
5
5
6
6
6
8
6
17
20
30
15
9
17
21
National Income and Product of the United
States, 1955 ..... ,
...............
.
........
Personal Income by States in 1955 ....... . . . . . .
Growth of Foreign Investments in the United
States and Abroad . . . .
...................
.
Regional Trends in Retail Trade . . .
...........
Financing Corporate Expansion in 1956
........
Major Shifts by Areas in Foreign Aid in Fiscal
1956 ................ . ...... . ........ . . . . .
Manufacturing Investment Since 1929 in Relation to Emplovment, Output, and Income. . . .
Exports and Domestic Business . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Economic Aspects of the New Highway Program .
Income of Lawyers in the Postwar Period—•
Factors Affecting Distribution of Earnings. . . .
No.
Pit*
7
8
6
S
8
9
10
14
11
11
10
17
11
12
12
8
8
19
12
26
No.
7
Page
2
FEATURES
j of Invididuais in 1955
National Income and Corporate Profits
Employment, Hours, and Earnings
The Economy in Recovery and Expansion—
A %new!,of 1955
Trends in poutput
The Balance of Payments During the Fourth
- Quarter
Curreiit Inventory Developments
Construction
Borrowing ^Trends in Early 1956
National Income and Product—
A Review of the First Quarter
,
Higlier Investment Programed for Third Quarter.
Concerns hi Business and Their Turnover
No.
1
1
1
Page
2
4
6
2
3
1
3
3
4
4
4
5
3
6
9
5
6
6
2
4
Recent Price Movements
National Income and Product—
A Review of the Second Quarter
Increased Business Investment Ahead
Second Quarter Balance of Payments Reflects
Further Expansion in International Business. .
Recent Changes in Manufacturing and Trade. . .
National Income and Corporate Profits. . . . . . . . .
Further Advance in National Income and
Product—A Review of the Third Quarter....
Construction
Business Investment Plans—First Quarter of 1957.
Third Quarter U. S. Balance of Payments—
Rise in Exports and Foreign Investments. . . . .
3
3
9
10
10
6
2
7
11
11
12
2
6
2
12
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