Full text of Summary of Child-Welfare Laws Passed in 1916, Miscellaneous Series No. 7, Bureau Publication No. 21

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U. S. DEPARTMENT OF LABOR

CHILDREN’S BUREAU
JU LIA C . L A T H R O P . Chief

SUMMARY OF

CHILD-WELFARE LAWS
PASSED IN 1916

M IS C E L L A N E O U S SE R IES N o. 7
Bureau Publication N o. 2 1

WASHINGTON
GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE
1917

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1 .7

CONTENTS.
Page.

Letter of transmittal..................... . . ..................................................................... .......
Introduction................................................................... . _.........................J'____. . . . . .
Abbreviations used in references.......................................................... .............
List of codes, revisions, or compilations referred to..........................................
Parent and child............................................................................................................
Adoption...................................................... ..................................... .......... ...........
New Y o rk ........................................................................... .............. ..............
Desertion of minor child................................................................ ........... ............
K entucky..................................................................... . ............... .... ^..........
New Jersey..... ...................... ............................................ ...............................
Miscellaneous provisions concerning parent and c h ild .... . ........................
New Y ork....................... ...... ........................................................ . .................
Virginia.............................................................................................. _.............
Offenses against the ch ild .................................................................
Offenses against the person.....................................................................................
K en tu ck y.
.................................... ..............................•...'......................
Louisiana..................................
New Y o r k ....................................... ’ .............................................. .................
Virginia..................................
Miscellaneous offenses against the ch ild.......................................................... ...
Louisiana....... ...................
Maryland..........................
Porto R ico ..........................
Virginia.........................
Health and sanitation, including recreation.............................................................
Birth registration........................................... .'.................................... ..................
Maryland...................................... .................... ......... ............. .............. ' . . . .
New Y ork....................................... ...................................... .-.
4.
____
Health......... ............................... ............................................. . . . ; ................... ... .
Louisiana..........................................................................
Maryland......................
Massachusetts..............................
M ississippi........................................................ ...............................; .............
New Jersey.........................................................................................................
New Y ork......................................
Philippine Islands..............................1.........................................................
Rhode Island........................................
South Carolina......... ...............................
Recreation...............................................................
United States..............................................
.........
Louisiana..................................................................................
Maryland........................
....
Massachusetts.....................................................................................................
New Jersey.....................................................................
New Y ork............................................................................
Rhode Island......... ..........................................
3

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CONTENTS.
Page.

Child labor and school attendance.................. ................. ....... .................................- 19^31
Child labor............ ................................ ................................................................... 19-281
United States..................................................................................... ...............
19
20
Georgia........................ ........... ............... ............................................................
K entucky...........................................................................................................
20
Louisiana...................... ......................................... %........................................
21
Maine........................................................................................... .......................
21
Maryland..................................................................................................... - - - 21
Massachusetts............................................................................. ....... ...............
23
Mississippi.......................................................................
25;
New Jersey.........................................................................................................
25
26
New Y ork...........................................................................
R hode Island................................................................................................... 27 •:
South Carolina......................................................................................... .........
27
27
Virginia...........................................................- ........................................ .........
Compensation for injured minor..................... . ............... ................................
28
United States.....................................................................................................
28
K entucky............................................. .............................................. - .............
28
New Y ork........................................................................ ............. - ................. 28
Porto R ic o .. „ . ....................................................................................................
28
School attendance..................................................................................................... 28-31
Georgia......... ......................................................................................................
28
K entucky....... .............................................................................. - ...................
29
Louisiana........................................................................... - ................... - - - - - 29
Maryland............................................................................................... - ...........
30
Massachusetts...........................................................
31
Mississippi.................................................................- ................... *i.................
31
32-53
Defective, delinquent, and dependent children..................................
Contributory delinquency, dependency, or neglect............................. -.......... 32-33
Louisiana.................................... - ................... - .......................................... - - 32
Maryland.............................................. - ............................................ - - ...........
32
Deaf, dumb, and b lin d ................7*......................................................................... 33-34
K entucky................................................................................ - .........................
33
Louisiana.................................. .................................................... - - - - .............
33
33
Massachusetts....................................................................................................
New Jersey.......................
34
Dependent children...............................................- .............................................. .. 34-35
Mississippi..................................................................................................... *- 34
New Y o r k ................................................................................................... , - 34
Virginia.............. ........................................................................- — .................
35
Juvenile courts.............................................................................- ............... ........... 35-40
35
District of Columbia................... ‘............................... - - - - ............... .............
Georgia......................................................................................................
35
Louisiana............................................
36
Maryland............. ..................... ......... ............... - - .............................................
36
Massachusetts..................................................
38
New Jersey___ .... « ................................................................................- .........
39
New Y ork..................................... ............. |............. ........................................
39
Porto R ico ............................................................................- .............................
39
Juvenile delinquents.........................................................................
40-43
K entucky...................................................................................- ................... -40
M aryland...................................................................................... - ...................
41
Massachusetts..........................................
41
Mississippi.................
41

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CONTENTS.

Defective, delinquent, and dependent children— Continued.
Juvenile delinquents— Continued.
Page.
New Y ork........................................................................................................
42
South Carolina....................................................................................................
42
Virginia........................................................................£......................................
43
Mental defectives........................................................... .............. .......... . .............
43
K entucky............................................................................................................
43
Maryland.............................................................................................................
43
Massachusetts.....................................................................................................
44
New Jersey........................................................................ .......... ....................
45
New Y ork.....................'.................................J..................................................
45
Rhode Island....................................................................................................
46
Virginia..................................... .................................................................. .......
46
Mothers’ pensions........................................... * . ...................................................... 51-52
Maryland............................................................................................................
51
New Jersey.............................................................................. ..........................
52
New Y ork....................................... ..........................................I ......................
52
Miscellaneous provisions affecting defective, delinquent, and dependent
children......... . ............................... ....................................................................... 52-53
Georgia....................................................................................... |..... ............. ..
52
M aryland ..................................................................................... . ...................
53
Miscellaneous provisions affecting children................................................................ 54-57
Military and physical training................................ .............................................. 54-56
Louisiana............................................................................................................
54
54
Maryland................................................................................................. ..
Massachusetts....................................................................................................
54
54
New Jersey ........................................................................................................
55
New Y ork....... .............................................................. ...................................
Policewomen..................................................... ....... .... . . ^ ....................................
57
Virginia...............................................................................................................
57
57
Social insurance................................... ...............................................................
Massachusetts.....................................................................................................
57
Topical index b y political divisions........................................................................... 59-62
59
District of Columbia............................................ 1..................................................
Georgia..................................................................................... ................... .............
59
K en tu ck y .................................................... ....................................... . ...................
59
Louisiana......................................... -...........................................•.........................
59
59
Maine.................................... ................... - .......................................................... i,
59
Maryland....... - . . i ......................................................................................................
60
Massachusetts................................................................................*.............. —------61
Mississippi...................................................................................................................
61
New Jersey....................... .------- .\ ............................................................... ...........
61
New Y ork.................................................................................................................
62
Philippine Islands............................ ................... » .......................................... ..
62
Porto R i c o . .. ................................. ........................................................... ...............
62
Rhode Island.............................................................................................................
62
South Carolina...........................................................................................................
62
United States................i ................................ ..........................................................
62
V irgin ia................................... — .......... 1..............................................................
A ppendix........................................................- ................................................................ 63-74
63
Outline for index of existing legislation affecting child welfare.....................

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LETTER OF TRANSMITTAL.
U . S. D

epartm ent of

h il d r e n ’s

abor,

u reau

Washington, February 3, 1917.
S i r : I transmit herewith a summary of child-welfare laws passed
in 1916. The summary relates new provisions to those which they
supplement or supersede and gives exact legal references for all
material included. The summary is based on an outline o f topics
which was originally prepared as the basis for the bureau’s reference
index of legislation in various States and which is appended to the
summary.
The summary o f current legislation was prepared by Miss Anna
Rochester and Miss Lulu L. Eckman, with the assistance of Miss
Ella A. Merritt. The outline index was planned by Miss Emma 0 .
Lundberg, with the assistance of other members of the staff.
Respectfully submitted.
J u l i a C . L a t h r o p , Chief.
Hon. W i l l i a m B. W i l s o n ,
Secretary o f Labor.

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SUMMARY OF CHILD-WELFARE LAWS PASSED IN 1916.
INTRODUCTION.
Laws affecting the welfare o f children were passed during the
year 1916 by each o f the 11 State legislatures holding a regular
session,1 by the legislatures o f the Philippine Islands and Porto Rico,
and by the Federal Congress. The acts o f 11 extra sessions held in
10 States2 between October 1, 1915, and December 1, 1916, have also
been examined. This report summarizes the changes in child-welfare
legislation found in these session laws3 and compares the new pro
visions with those which they supersede and, in some cases, with re
lated provisions in the same State. Exact legal references are given
for each statement, but these references do not attempt to cover the
entire field o f the subject under discussion.
The main divisions of this summary follow the main divisions of
the index outline of child-welfare legislation 4 prepared by the Chil
dren’s Bureau, with certain modifications made necessary by the
present less detailed plan of analysis. Thus the two subjects (E )
Education laws and (F ) Child-labor legislation, which the index out
line separates, have been combined under the heading “ Child labor
and school attendance,” and only such education laws have been in
cluded as directly affect employment, viz, those relating to compul
sory school attendance, school census, length o f school term, and
attendance at part-time continuation schools. Laws which the index
outline divides under three main headings—-(G ) State care o f chil
dren, general provisions for administration, supervision, and main
tenance; (H ) Delinquent, dependent, and neglected children; and
(I) Defective children— are given in the section entitled “ Defective,
1 Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Massachusetts, Mississippi, New Jersey,
New York, Rhode Island, South Carolina, Virginia.
2 California, Connecticut, Illinois (2 extra sessions), Massachusetts, Minnesota, Okla
homa, South Dakota, Tennessee, Vermont, W isconsin.
3 Two changes in child-welfare legislation— one in Louisiana and one in Maine—
made effective by referendum vote between Oct. 1, 1915, and Dec. 1, 1916, have been
included.
i For scope and text of this index outline, see Appendix, page 63. The subdivisions
under the main headings are not arranged in the order in which they are found in the

index

outline.

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delinquent, and dependent children.” Two divisions o f the index
outline have been entirely omitted: (B ) Guardian and ward, and
(J ) Minor’s capacity or incapacity to acquire rights and to incur
liabilities. In other divisions topics which are legal rather than
social, or which concern adults primarily and children only indirectly,
have not been included. For example, in the section entitled “ Parent
and child,” changes are noted only in provisions regarding aban
donment and neglect; abuse; care and support; custody o f child; void
and voidable marriages, with effect on legitimacy o f child; adoption;
and illegitimacy. Similarly, in the section on “ Health and sanita
tion,” no general health laws in which minors are not specifically
mentioned have been included except provisions regarding venereal
disease, infantile paralysis, visiting nurses, and town physicians (as
distinct from health officers). But all laws concerning infant blind
ness, hospitals specified as for children or mothers, midwives, birth
registration, and official divisions o f child hygiene are covered. Rec
reation laws are placed in the section on health and sanitation, as in
the index outline. Under the title “ Defective, delinquent, and de
pendent children” only such Jaws relating to delinquents and de
pendents are included as specifically refer to minors, but all changes
in provisions concerning mental defectives are summarized. In the
last section, entitled “ Miscellaneous provisions affecting children,”
are included a few laws not closely related to any of the subjects
o f the index outline.
The laws summarized under the heading “ Child labor and school
attendance” cover the same topics as those published by the Chil
dren’s Bureau in the bulletin entitled “ Child-Labor Legislation in
the United States,” and this review of 1916 laws may therefore be
used as a supplement (in summary) to that volume. Three types
o f laws not given in the earlier publication, however, are included,
viz: Provisions specifying a required length o f annual school term
are summarized; reference is made to provisions for investigations,
a type o f temporary legislation quite outside the scope of the other
publication; and all provisions of workmen’s compensation laws
which specifically affect minor employees are indicated. The earlier
bulletin referred only to such provisions of compensation laws as
affected minors illegally employed; and those were not given in
full, but summarized in the “ Introduction.” Even in the present
summary changes in compensation laws which do not mention minor
employees are not included, and none o f the benefit provisions are
mentioned.
A few local laws, i. e., State laws affecting a single county or
city, etc., have been included, but neither the changes in local laws
here summarized nor the references relating them to earlier local
provisions cover this entire field. Appropriations are referred to

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only as they are given in the text of an act establishing new work
or creating a new office. Changes in appropriations for work already
under way are not noted.
The topical index by States gives chapter references to the 1916
session law volumes.
ABBREVIATIONS USED IN REFERENCES.
[References giving chapter or number for a specified year are in every case
to session laws o f that year unless otherwise indicated.]
A ------------------------------ ---------------------------- — --------- Act.
A C----------------------- --------------------------- ------------- ----- Annotated Code.
art— I--------- ------------------------------------------------ ----------article.
C— ---------------------:— — ----------------------------------------- Chapter, Chapters.
C L ----------- 1--------------------------------------------- .------ 3------Consolidated Laws.
C S-------- v--------------------- .------------------------- --------------- Compiled Statutes.
G L ----------- ----------------------------------------------------------- General Laws.
N o------------------------------------------------------------------------Number.
p----------------------- ------------------------------------------------ —page.
R L ------------- ---------------------------------------------------------- Revised Laws.
s - ------ ,------------------------------------------------------------- ----- section.
ss--------------------------------------------------------------- ------ „--- sections.
St---------------------------- l-------------------------------------------- Statutes.
Stat L --------------------------------------------------------------— .United States Statutes at Large.
Supp— — --------------------------------------------------- ---------- Supplement.
W R L -------------------- ---------------------------------------------- W olff’s Revised Laws.
v------------- ------------------------------------------------------------- volume.

LIST OF CODES, REVISIONS, OR COMPILATIONS USED.
United States----------------------------------- United States Statutes at Large.
D istrict o f Columbia------------------ ____United States Statutes at Large.
Georgia________ ____________________ Code 1914.
K entucky----------------------------------------- Statutes 1915.
Louisiana----------------------------------------- W olff’s Revised Law s 1904.
W olff’s Revised Laws, Supplement 1904-1908.
M aryland----------------------------------------- Annotated' Code 1911 and 1914.
Massachusetts----------------------------------Revised Laws 1902.
Mississippi_____ ____________________ Code 1906.
New Jersey----------- ,--------------------------Compiled Statutes 1910.
New Y ork----------------------------------------- Consolidated Laws 1909.
Code o f Civil Procedure.
Rhode Island------------------------- -----------General Laws 1909.
South Carolina---------------------------------Code 19Î2.
V irginia--------------------------------------------Code 1904.

P A R E N T A N D CHILD.
ADOPTION.

New Y ork.—The law concerning adoption is amended to provide
that in the adoption o f an illegitimate child the fact of illegitimacy
shall in no case appear upon the record. The amended law specifies

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that if the foster parents reside outside the State proceedings must
be in the county where the minor resides; otherwise, as formerly, in
the county where the foster parents reside.
1916 C 453 amending O L 1909 (D om estic Relations) G 14 ss 112-114 as
amended by 1915 G 352, and 115.

DESERTION OE MINOR CHILD.
See also Contributory delinquency, dependency, or neglect, pp. 32 to 33;
Juvenile courts, Maryland, p. 36, and Massachusetts, p. 38; and Juvenile delin
quents, Mississippi, p. 41.

K entucky.— A parent willfully deserting an indigent child under
16 years o f age is declared guilty o f a felony, punishable by imprison
ment for not less than one nor more than five years, but it is also
provided that the parent, before or after conviction, may be placed
on probation, subject to power o f court, for a period o f five years.
By a former statute a parent guilty o f willful nonsupport o f child
under 14 years o f age is punishable by a fine of not more than $20
or imprisonment in county jail or workhouse for not more than six
months. Formerly parent deserting child under 6 years o f age was
subject to imprisonment in penitentiary for not more than three
years. Compare provisions in juvenile-court law concerning parent
contributing to dependency or neglect o f minor.
1916 C 6.

See St 1915 ss 328, 329, 331d, 331e.

New Jersey.— A mother who abandons a minor child dependent on
her for support is declared guilty o f a misdemeanor, but no penalty
is specified. [The penalty for a misdemeanor unless otherwise speci
fied is a fine o f not exceeding $1,000, or imprisonment for not exceed
ing three years, or both.] The act to which this is a supplement
defined her as a “ disorderly person.” According to a former act a
father deserting his minor child is held guilty o f a misdemeanor and
subject to fine of not more than $100 or imprisonment for not more
than one year. Compare the act for welfare of children [1915 C
246— not referred to in the 1916 act], which provides that any parent
abandoning or neglecting child or children is to be deemed guilty of
“ cruelty to or neglect o f children ” and subject to a fine o f not ex
ceeding $100 or imprisonment for not more than one year in workhouse or penitentiary.
1916 C 45 supplementing C S 1910 v 2 (D isorderly Persons) ss 17-30 p 1931.
See also O S 1910 v 2 (Crim es) s 73a p 1770 and 1915 O 246.

MISCELLANEOUS PROVISIONS CONCERNING PARENT AND CHILD.

New Y ork.— The law providing for the annulment of a marriage
contracted when one or both parties were under the age of legal
consent is amended by adding the provision that an action may be

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maintained when either or both parties had not attained the age at
which the consent o f parent or guardian was not required by the
laws of the State where the marriage took place. The amendment
specifically applies to marriages heretofore or hereafter contracted.
1916 C 605 amending Code o f Civil Procedure ss 1743, 1744.

Virginia.— The father and the mother o f a legitimate unmarried
minor child are to be equally entitled to the custody, services, and
earnings of the child. I f either be dead or disabled, or i f either
refuses to take custody or has abandoned his or her family, the
other is entitled to custody, services, and earnings. Formerly the
father, if living, had custody of the child.
1916 C 417.

See Code 1904 v 2 s 2603.

OFFENSES AGAINST THE CHILD.
OFFENSES AGAINST THE PERSON.

Kentucky.— Pandering is defined and prohibited. Any female
involved in the acts so defined is declared a competent witness. A
penalty o f imprisonment in penitentiary for from one to five years
is provided.
1916 C 49. F or previous law s applying to abduction, seduction, and assisting
in prostitution, not superseded unless in conflict with this act, see St 1915 ss
1156, 1158, 1214-1215a.

Louisiana,.— Provision is made for indeterminate sentence for
certain offenses, specifically including rape and attempt to commit
rape, subject to the minimum and maximum terms defined in the
statute under which the prisoner is convicted. The former statutes
under which, apparently, a prisoner would be convicted provide death
sentence for rape and imprisonment for varying periods for attempt
to commit rape. [See references below.]
1916 A 123. Compare W R L 1904 v 1 p 320 (1855 A 120 s 4 as amended
by 1878 A 24) ; and W R L 1904 v 1 p 325 (1855 A 120 s 9 as amended by
1896 A 59 and 1912 A 9 ). F or other penalties for attempt to commit rape, see
W R L 1904 v 1 p 369 (1870 Extra Session A 8 ) ; W R L 1904 v 1 p 322 (1892
A 26) ; and 1912 A 192 s 1.

New York.— Seduction" of an unmarried female of previous chaste
character under pretense o f marriage is made punishable by impris
onment for not more than five years, or fine of not more than $1,000,
or both.
1916 C 196 amending C L 1909 (P en al) C 40 s 2175.

Virginia.— The age o f consent is raised from 14 to 15 years.
1916 C 478 amending Code 1904 s 3680.

See also law [1916 C 168] forbidding employment agencies to
send females to places o f bad repute, given under “ Child labor,”
page 27.

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MISCELLANEOUS OFFENSES AGAINST THE CHILD.

Louisiana.— It is made unlawful for the owner o f a junk shop, or
his employee, to purchase goods from a minor under 17 years of age,
and a penalty is provided.
1916 A 15.

Maryland.—Any proprietor o f a public pool room, billiard room,
or bowling alley in Garrett County or Washington County is for
bidden to permit persons under 16 years of age to loiter on the
premises, to participate in games, or to watch others play. Any
minor under 14 years o f age is also forbidden to frequent or use
tables at any licensed billiard room in Allegany County.
1916 C 140, 205, 479.

Porto R ico.—The admission o f any minor to the places within the
hippodromes designated for betting is prohibited, and the sale to
any minor o f a slip or ticket for a bet is forbidden. The penalty
for a first offense is a fine or from $200 to $500 or imprisonment for
from one to three months, or both.
1916 No 42.

The sale or donation of cigars, cigarettes, or tobacco to children
under 18 years of age is prohibited, with a penalty for first violation
o f a fine not to exceed $100 or imprisonment for not more than 90
days or both fine and imprisonment.
1916 No 21.

Virginia.— The new prohibition law includes the provision that
it is a misdemeanor for a minor to have liquor in his possession; the
former law concerning the sale o f intoxicants forbade furnishing or
selling liquor to a minor, employing a minor in a saloon, and grant
ing a license for the sale o f liquor to a social club having minors
among its members. The new law provides also that “ wife, child,
parent, guardian, employer, or other person who shall be injured in
person or property or means o f support by any intoxicated person ”
has a right o f action against the person who, by selling, bartering,
or giving away intoxicating liquors, shall have caused the intoxi
cation.
1916 C 146 ss 41, 74.

F or form er liquor la w see 1910 C 190.

HEALTH AND SANITATION, INCLUDING RECREATION.
BIRTH REGISTRATION.

Maryland.—The vital statistics law is amended in several particu
lars. The amendments include the following changes: The State
registrar is now permitted to combine two or more registration dis
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tricts in any county into one registration district without the former
restriction that the population of the combined districts may not ex
ceed 100,000; the city o f Baltimore is now included in the provision,
applying formerly to the remainder of the State, that originals of
all certificates o f birth or death shall be transmitted at least monthly
to the State registrar.
1916 O 691 amending A C 1911 v 3 (1914) art 43 ss 8, 9, 12, 17.

New Y ork.—The birth-registration law is amended by making the
penalty apply specifically to any physician, midwife, or other person
charged with filing a record of birth (formerly the penalty applied
to “ any person required by law ” to report births, which included
physician or m id w ife); and by adding the provision that action to
recover penalty may be brought by State commissioner of health in
any court of competent jurisdiction. [Another section of this law,
not amended in 1916, provides that commissioner of health may
report violations to district attorney, who shall institute proceed-

HEALTH.

Louisiana.— It is made unlawful for a nurse or midwife to ad
minister an anesthetic except by direction and under supervision of
a physician. Violation of this proyision is a misdemeanor subject
to a fine of not exceeding $1,000, or imprisonment for not exceeding
six months, or both.
1916 A 163.

Maryland.— The county commissioners o f Cecil County are author
ized to appropriate not more than $1,000 for the construction o f a
maternity department o f Union Hospital of Cecil County, and to
levy an annual tax for its maintenance.
1916 C 183.

Massachusetts.— The State department o f health is authorized to
purchase drugs o f value in preventing the transmission of syphilis,
fo r free distribution among boards of health, hospitals, dispensaries,
and physicians, subject to such regulations as the department may
prescribe.
1916 Resolves C 47.

Local boards of health, or the selectmen in towns having no boards
of health, are authorized to make regulations to check the spread of
infantile paralysis. Local authorities are required to notify the
State department of health of any such regulation, and the State'
.department o f health has power to revoke or revise any regulation
81573 ° — 17— -2

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under this act which it considers unnecessary or unreasonable.
Regulations are to be in effect only until January 15, 1917.
1916 C 313.

Provision is made for an investigation by the State department
o f health of nonpulmonary tuberculosis with special reference to
children and adolescents. This investigation is to determine the
number of cases, the number of hospital beds now available for such
cases and the number needed, and the department is to report to the
legislature in January, 1917, its conclusions and recommendations
with drafts o f proposed legislation. Not exceeding $500 may be
spent upon the investigation.
1916 Resolves C 62. '

Mississippi.—An act for the prevention of infant blindness is
passed, which provides that all cases of inflamed or sore eyes occur
ring at any time within two weeks after birth shall be reported
within six hours by the physician, midwife, parent, or other person
in attendance to the local health officer, who shall investigate the
cases and report to the State board of health. The State is required
to furnish, if necessary, daily inspection and gratuitous treatment.
The act provides also for the free distribution o f a scientific prophy
lactic with directions*for use to all physicians and midwives; and the
use of a prophylactic in the eyes of the new born is required in all
cases o f childbirth in a maternity home, hospital, or institution, and
in every case under the care of a midwife. The State board of health
is required to publish information on the subject and to furnish
copies of the law to all physicians and midwives and may make fur
ther regulations to be followed by local health officers. An appro
priation o f $300 is made for the year 1916 and one o f the same
amount for the year 1917 for carrying out the provisions o f the act.
Failure to comply with any provision o f the act constitutes a misde
meanor punishable by a fine of from $50 to $200.
1916 C 115.

New Jersey.—Municipalities are authorized to employ visiting
nurses.
1916 C 202.

New Y o rk —Any town containing a village which has no resi
dent practicing physician within its boundaries or within a radius
of 8 miles is authorized to appoint a town physician at a salary of not
more than $1,000, to be paid from tax money, whose duty it shall be
to render medical relief to poor persons within the town. I f the
physician is also a local health officer, he is to receive in addition to
this salary the compensation fixed for a health officer.
1916 C 413 amending C L 1909 (T ow n ) C 62 by adding s 142.

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Philippine Islands—The sum of 1,000,000 pesos ($500,000) is ap
propriated for a campaign to protect early infancy, to be conducted
in cooperation with the Liga Nacional para la Protección de la
Primera Infancia, and it is provided that officers and employees of
the insular, provincial, and municipal governments, when so directed
by the Governor General, shall serve gratuitously in connection with
the work.
1916 No 2633.

Rhode Island.— The city of Providence is authorized to make an
appropriation of $5,000 toward the support of the Providence Dis
trict Nursing Association.
1916 C 1405.

South Carolina.— The State board of health is instructed to ap
point a county health officer for Greenville County at a salary of
$1,800, to be paid from the county funds. [Qualification are not
specified.] His duties include the examination of all children in the
county under 12 years of age, unless they have been examined by a
physician, to ascertain whether they have physical defects which
might be remedied by treatment, and in case he discovers need of
treatment the facts are to be communicated to the parents, guardian,
or custodian o f the child. The former health officer received a salary
c f $1,000. His specific duties did not include examination of children.
1916 No 399 repealing 1914 No 390.

The State board of health is required to make the Wassermann
test free of charge.
1916 No 531.

RECREATION.

United States.—Congress by special act incorporates the Boy
Scouts o f America, of which the purpose is stated as follows: To
promote, through organization and through cooperation with other
agencies, the ability of boys to do things for themselves and others;
to train them in scoutcraft; and to teach them patriotism, courage,
self-reliance, and kindred virtues, using the methods which are now
in common use by Boy Scouts. The national organization was for
merly a corporation under the laws of the District of Columbia.
39 Stat L C 148 p 227 (A ct o f June 15, 1916).

Louisiana.— In redrafting the school law provision is made [s 65]
authorizing the Orleans Parish School Board to maintain play
grounds and social centers.
1916 A 120 repealing 1910 A 39 and 1912 A 214.

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Maryland.— The mayor and city council of Baltimore are author
ized to use the public-school buildings and other city property for
any public purpose which will not materially interfere with the pur
pose for which such property was primarily designed.
1916 C 231 adding paragraph 32 to s 6 o f Revised Charter o f Baltim ore city.
See A C 1911 v 2 (1911) art 77 ss 121, 123.

In redrafting the school law for the State outside of Baltimore
city, Maryland amends the provisions concerning the use of school
buildings for other than school purposes by providing that when ap
plication is made by 25 citizens in the district for the use o f a school
building for a nonpartisan gathering for discussion of public ques
tions, or for other civic, social, or recreational activities, the school
authorities shall allow free use of buildings or grounds. The law
formerly provided that school officials should “ have authority to
allow ” snch use.
1916 C 506 s 34 amending A C 1911 v 3 (1914) art 77 s 34.

Massachusetts.— The law permitting the use of school buildings in
Boston for social and civic purposes is amended by eliminating the
provision that in case of such use no admission fee shall be charged.
This proviso had previously been eliminated from the law applying
to the rest o f the State.
1916 Special Acts 0 86 amending 1912 C 195 s 1.
amended by 1914 C 538.

Compare 1913 C 391 as

New Jersey.—Any commission, board, or other local authority
having control of parks, playgrounds, or other public property is
specifically permitted to authorize their use for athletic purposes or
as playgrounds, subject to reasonable regulation.
1916 C 59. For form er provision concerning playgrounds managed by board
o f playground commissioners, compare 1911 C 308.

New Jersey adds to the provision permitting the use o f school
buildings and grounds for social and recreational purposes specific
permission to improve and equip school property for such purposes.
1916 C 227 amending 1913 C 309.

New Y ork.— A specific provision concerning land for athletic fields
and playgrounds is added to the law concerning the acquisition by
villages o f lands for parks and squares. Villages are also authorized
to equip and maintain parks, athletic fields, Dr playgrounds on
leased land.
1916 C -42 amending C L 1909 (V illage) C 64 s 169.

Rhode Island.-—The school committee o f Providence is authorized
to permit the occasional use of school buildings for certain specified
purposes, including civic, social, and recreational meetings and enter
tainments, No admission fee is to be charged unless the proceeds are

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for an educational purpose connected with the school, and no politi
cal or religious meeting is to be permitted. Formerly the use of such
buildings was permitted only for activities under auspices of school
committee or board of recreation.
1916 C 1414.

See 1912 C 858 and 1913 0 980. .

CHILD LABOR AND SCHOOL ATTENDANCE.
CHILD LABOR.

United States.— Congress enacts a Federal child-labor law, to be
effective September 1, 1917, forbidding the shipment in interstate or
foreign commercé of the product o f a manufacturing establishment
or of a mine or quarry in the United States in which, within 30
days prior to the removal of the product from such establishment,
mine, or quarry, children have been employed contrary to the follow
ing provisions: (1) No child under 14 to be employed at any time in
any mill, cannery, workshop, factory, or manufacturing establish
ment; (2 ) no child between the ages o f 14 and 16 years to be em
ployed in establishments specified in ( 1) more than eight hours in
any day, or more than six days in any week, or between 7 p. m. and
6 a. m. ; (3) no child under 16 to be employed at any time in any
mine or quarry. The Attorney General, the Secretary of Commerce,
and the Secretary o f Labor constitute a board to make regulations
for carrying out the provisions of the act. The Secretary of Labor
and his deputies have authority to inspect at any time establishments
covered by the act. A dealer is protected from prosecution by estab
lishing a guaranty issued by the manufacturer or producer. The
producer, manufacturer, or dealer is protected from prosecution for
violation if at the time o f employment of the child the producer or
manufacturer had in good faith procured and has since kept on file
a certificate issued according to regulations of the board (o f Secre
taries), showing the child to be of such an age that shipment of the
product was not prohibited. The board may designate States in
which an employment certificate issued under State law shall be
accepted as fulfilling this provision.
The district attorney is to cause proceedings to be commenced in a
Federal court for the enforcement of the penalties provided by the
act upon receiving a report o f a violation from the Secretary of
Labor or upon receiving satisfactory evidence o f violation from any
State factory or mining or quarry inspector, State medical inspector,
school-attendance officer, or any other person.
The penalty for violation, including obstruction o f entry or inspec
tion authorized by the act, is as follows: For each offense prior to
first conviction, a fine of not more than $200 ; for each offense subse-

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quent to first conviction, a fine of from $100 to $1,000, or imprison
ment for not more than three months, or both.
39 Stat L C 432 p 675 (A ct of- Sept 1, 1916).

The Adamson Act provides that in contracts for labor and service
eight hours shall be deemed a day’s work and the measure or stand
ard o f a day’s work for the purpose of reckoning compensation of
all employees [whether minors or adults] actually engaged in the
operation o f trains used for the transportation o f persons or prop
erty on interstate railroads, except railroads independently owned and
operated not exceeding 100 miles in length, electric street railroads,
and electric interurban railroads. The President is to appoint a
commission o f three to observe during a period o f six to nine months
the operation o f the eight-hour day, and within 30 days thereafter
the commission shall report its findings to the President and Con
gress. The sum o f $25,000 is appropriated for the necessary expenses
of the commission. Pending their report and for 30- days thereafter
the compensation of railroad employees subject to the act jshall not
be reduced below the present standard day’s wage, and for all neces
sary time in excess of eight hours such employees shall be paid at a
rate not less than the pro rata rate for such standard eight-hour
workday. Violation o f any provision constitutes a misdemeanor,
punishable by fine of from $100 to $1,000, or by imprisonment not
to exceed one year, or by both.
39 Stat L C 436 p 721 (A ct o f Sept 3, 5, 1916).

Congress amends the act limiting the hours of service for em
ployees [whether minors or adults] upon interstate railroads to not
more than 16 hours’ continuous service with 10 consecutive hours off
duty, by making the penalty for violation a fine of not less than $100
nor more than $500, instead o f “ not to exceed $500,” as formerly.
39 Stat L C 109 p 61 ( Act o f May 4, 1916) amending 34 Stat L C 2939 s 3
p 1415 (A ct o f Mar 4, 1907).

Georgia.— The commissioner o f commerce and labor is given au
thority to appoint one factory inspector to aid in the enforcement of
the child-labor law and such other laws as may come under juris
diction o f the department o f commerce and labor. Formerly there
was no specific provision for appointment of factory inspectors.
1916 No 547 p 113.

See Code 1914 (P olitical) s 2141.

K entucky.— The child-labor law is amended by the addition o f a
provision that “ nothing in this act shall prevent ” employment o f
children under 16 not residents o f the State to perform in a duly
licensed theater, provided the child is accompanied to and from the
theater by a parent, guardian, or other adult custodian who remains
in the wings during the performance. The law to which this proviso

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is added forbade the employment o f any child under 14 on the
stage and provided that children 14 to 16 years o f age must have
regular employment certificates for all work in theaters and must not
be employed in such work between 6 p. m. and 7 a. m.
1916 C 23 amending St 1915 s 331a.l.

See also 1916 C 285,

C H I L D -W E L F A R E

LAW S.

The construction o f a recreation building at the Massachusetts
School for the Feeble-minded is authorized, and the sum of $23,700
is appropriated for the purpose.
1916 Resolves 0 127.

New Jersey.— The establishment of State colonies for feeble
minded males is authorized. These patients formerly were cared for
at the village for epileptics, though by an act o f 1915 admission o f
feeble-minded males to the State home for feeble-minded women was
permitted. The colonies are to be under a nonsalaried board o f man
agers, consisting of the commissioner o f charities and corrections
and four other persons appointed by the governor. Admission shall
be in the manner already provided by law for the admission of
feeble-minded persons to institutions. The act includes an appro
priation of $25,000.
1916 C 61.

Compare 1911 C 229; 1915 C 151.

It is provided that the cost o f maintaining those patients com
mitted to the village for epileptics who are not indigent shall be paid
in whole or in part from the patient’s estate or by certain specified
relatives. The amount is to be determined in each individual case
by the committing court, and in no case shall it exceed the minimum
paid by private patients.
1916 C 95 supplementing C S 1910 v 4 (State Village for Epileptics) ss 1-31
p 4961 as amended by 1914 C 224.

The commission for the study of mental defectives is continued,
and it is directed to report to the legislature o f 1917.
1916 Joint Resolution No 1.
Resolution No 1.

See 1913 Joint Resolution No 5 and 1915 Joint

New Y ork.— The superintendent of the Rome State Custodial
Asylum [for feeble-minded and idiots] is authorized to grant to
groups of inmates parole or leave of absence to do domestic, agri
cultural, or forestry work under specified State supervision, such
action to be subject to the approval of the board of managers of the
asylum. The expense connected therewith is to be met by the
asylum. Formerly there was merely a general provision for parole
by the superintendent subject to rules of the board o f managers of
the asylum.
1916 C 71 amending C L 1909 (State Charities) C 55 s 95 as amended by 1912
C 448 by adding subdivision 11.

It is made a misdemeanor to entice away or assist in the escape of
an inmate of any public charitable institution for the feeble-minded,
epileptic, or insane, or of a reform school; or, knowing a person to
be such an inmate, to promise to provide a home for, or to pay for

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services of, or to marry him or her without approval of the board of
managers of the institution.
1916 C 320 amending C L 1909 (Penal) C 40 by adding s 1250-a.

Rhode Island.— The name o f the Rhode Island School for the
Feeble-minded is changed to Exeter School.
1916 C 1381 amending G L 1909 C 103.

Virginia.— The duties and powers o f the State board o f charities
and corrections are extended, with special reference to the feeble
minded. [For a provision concerning the duties of the board in rela
tion to dependent children, see 1916 C 436, summarized on page 35.]
It is now specified that this board shall license and inspect private
institutions caring for the feeble-minded and supervise the placing
out of feeble-minded children. The board formerly had these duties
in relation to dependent and delinquent children, but feeble-minded
persons were not specified. Further, the board is now required to
visit from time to time all feeble-minded children placed in homes
and is given the right to place them elsewhere if the rules laid down
by the board are not followed. It is required to keep a register of
the feeble-minded ; to take such legal steps as may be necessary to
protect feeble-minded persons in any town or county; to institute/
proceedings for commitment and registration o f all feeble-mindêd
persons ; to give notice and instructions confidentially to parents and
guardians of such mentally defective children as are not dependent
upon the care o f the State and are not a menace to themselves and
others. The board is instructed also to deport such nonresidents of
Virginia as may be found within the State and liable to become
charges upon the State when in the judgment of the court deportation
is necessary.
1916 C 104. For duties o f State board o f charities, see 1908 C 276 ; 1910
C 289 ; 1912 C 309 ; 1914 C 147, 350.

A law concerning the commitment of feeble-minded persons is
enacted. Formerly such commitment was subject to the provisions
concerning the insane except in so far as special procedure was set
forth in the act (1912) governing the colony for feeble-minded white
persons or in the act (1914) governing the colony for feeble-minded
colored persons. The new law is a substitute for the sections relating
to commitment in these acts and includes, with amendments, the
special procedure of these earlier acts, incorporates with it certain
provisions from the laws governing the insane, and adds certain new
provisions. The precedure set forth in the present act is summarized
below, and provisions which did not formerly appear in any statute
are indicated as new. [It should be noted that the act of 1914 was
more detailed than the act of 1912, and certain provisions not desig-

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Dated: as new in the following summary applied formerly to colored
patients but not to white patients.]
A feeble-minded person is defined [new] as “ any person with
mental defectiveness from birth or from an early age, but not a
congenital idiot so pronounced that he is incapable o f caring for him
self or managing his affairs, or o f being taught to do so, and is
unsafe and dangerous to himself and to others and to the community,
and who, consequently, requires care, supervision, and control for the
protection and welfare o f himself, o f others, and o f the community,
but who is not classable as a n £insane person,’ as usually interpreted.”
When a person is supposed to be feeble-minded, any reputable citi
zen may file a petition with the circuit or corporation court, or, in
vacation, with the judge thereof, or before a justice in the city or
county in which the alleged feeble-minded person lives, setting forth
the facts under oath [“ under oath ” new] and stating [new] the
person’s financial condition, and the names and financial condition of
the persons, if any, having custody over him, and of his parents,
guardians, brothers, and sisters.
The judge or justice shall issue a warrant ordering the alleged
feeble-minded person to be brought before him and shall summon as
witnesses not only two physicians (one o f whom shall when prac
ticable be the family physician o f the feeble-minded person and
neither o f whom shall be related to him) and other persons com
petent to testify, but also [new] the persons named in the petition.
The judge or justice and the two physicians shall constitute a com
mission to determine whether or not the person is feeble-minded;
and, if they find that he is feeble-minded and is not under such care
as to insure the welfare of himself and o f others, they shall file with
circuit or corporation court a written report containing their conclu
sions and recommendations.
I f commission reports that the person is not feeble-minded, he is
discharged and the petition dismissed. I f he is deemed feeble
minded, the court, or the judge in vacation, may appoint a guardian
o f the feeble-minded person and also the same or a different person
as guardian o f his property, or he may commit the person to a State
institution for the feeble-minded or [new] to a private institution
approved by the State board of charities and corrections. Pending
admission into an institution the person may be committed to the
custody o f the city or county superintendent of the poor. The person
adjudged feeble-minded has right of appeal to the supreme court o f
appeals. [Formerly appeal was allowed from unlawful confinement,
but. court was not specified.]
I f person is committed to an institution, the clerk o f the court shall
send a copy o f the order of commitment to the State board of chari
ties and corrections and two copies to the superintendent of the in815730—17----- 4

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stitution, who shall receive the patient as soon as there may be room
for him. The superintendent shall examine the papers and return
them for correction if he discovers any irregularity in the papers or
has reason to believe that the person is illegally committed. Upon
receiving the patient the superintendent indorses the commitment
papers and returns one copy to the court. The superintendent is to
be notified o f time and place of hearing upon any petition for the
removal o f the patient or for variations in the order o f commitment.
[Provisions for filing o f papers with State board of charities and
corrections and for examination and indorsement o f papers by super
intendent are new.]
Before being delivered to an institution the patient must be clean,
properly clothed, and free from contagious disease, and he must
have been successfully vaccinated against smallpox. He shall be
delivered, at the expense of the county or corporation from which
he is committed, at the nearest railroad station or steamboat landing.
The superintendent shall appoint an attendant to conduct the pa
tient to the institution; female attendants [new] shall be provided
for female patients. The cost of conveying the patient shall be paid
from funds appropriated for his support.
Upon admission to an institution the patient shall be under special
observation for not less than two months [ “ two months” new], and
his mentality shall be tested by the superintendent and by an expert
approved by the board of directors o f the institution. Expert was
formerly approved by State board of charities and corrections. I f
after observation and examination the patient is considered to be
not feeble-minded or not a suitable subject for care and treatment,
he shall be returned to the city, county, or institution from which he
was committed.
The superintendent shall provide training, suitable employment,
and [new] such medical and surgical care as may better the condition
of the inmates.
Any person maliciously contriving the commitment of a person
who is not feeble-minded or any person violating any provision of
the act shall be guilty o f a misdemeanor and subject to fine-of not
more than $1,000, or to imprisonment for not more than one year,
or both [new].
Specific provision [new] is made for transfer o f patients from an
institution for the feeble-minded to an institution for the insane and
vice versa.
Furloughs may be issued by the superintendent, at his discretion,
if the cost is met by the inmates granted furloughs or by their
friends; and [new] if they can not pay the cost of a furlough the
institution may do so.

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Voluntary patients may be received by a State institution pro
vided [new] no indigent person who has been committed is thereby
denied admission. The receiving o f any voluntary patient shall be
reported to the commissioner of State hospitals and the special
board o f directors [of the institution]. Charges for voluntary pa
tients shall be fixed by the commissioner of hospitals and the general
board of directors o f State hospitals and may not exceed the cost
o f care, maintenance, and treatment.
Forms for papers used in carrying out provisions of the act shall
be prepared by a committee consisting of the superiritendents o f the
State colonies for the feeble-minded, the secretary of the State board
of charities and corrections, and the commissioner o f State hospitals
for the insane.
As soon as room is available at the appropriate institution, no
feeble-minded woman of childbearing age shall be received as an
inmate of any almshouse [new].
This act includes a provision [given more fully in 1916 C 312,
summarized below] concerning examination of prisoners o f doubtful
mentality, who have been brought before a court for any cause.
Former provisions are repealed only in so far as they are incon
sistent with the present act, and apparently any points affecting com
mitment o f the feeble-minded not otherwise specifically provided for
are subject to the general provisions concerning the insane.
1916 C 388. For form er law governing colony for feeble-minded w hite per
sons, see 1912 C 196 ; for form er law governing colony fo r feeble-minded colored
persons,- see 1914 G 346. F or provisions in law governing the insane not found
in either 1912 C 196 or 1914 C 346 but included (w ith amendments) in 1916
0 388, see Code 1904 ss 1669 as amended by 1910 C 102, 1671-1673, 1675-1677,
1685, 1688, 1690, 1697, 1698 as amended by 1912 C 168, 1699-1702 ; 1914 C 248.
F or general law governing the insane, see Code 1904 ss 1660-1713c and the
follow ing acts amendatory and supplementary thereto : 1906 C 115, 189 ; 1908
C 184 ; 1910 C 102, 319, 320, 321 ; 1912 C 168 ; 1914 C 248, 313, 334. “

The judge of any court [specifically including the juvenile court]
is authorized to direct some officer of the court or other suitable per
son to institute proceedings leading to inquiry concerning the mental
condition o f any person brought before the court for any cause, who
appears to be feeble-minded. The act provides for care and deten
tion pending inquiry and for observation o f mental condition for
from 60 days to 6 months, and specifies that in certain cases the test
o f mentality shall be applied with assistance of expert designated
by State board of charities. Former statutes permitted mental ex
amination only o f criminals suspected of insanity and o f children
brought before a juvenile court.
1916 C 312. F or juvenile-court provision, see 1914 C 350 s 4 ; for provisions
for criminal insane; see Code 1904 s 1660 as amended by 1910 C 319 ; s 1682
as amended by 1910 C 320 and 1914 C 313 ; s 1687 as amended by 1910 C 321 ;
ss 4030-4035. See also 1916 C 388 s 10.

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Commitment procedure is eliminated from the act governing the
colony for feeble-minded white persons (part o f the Virginia State
Epileptic Colony). [F or present procedure, see 1916 C 388, sum
marized above.] The following changes are made in provisions o f
the act:
The relation o f this colony to the Virginia State Epileptic Colony
in regard to management, records, etc., is more clearly defined. Chil
dren not under 8 years o f age [and, as formerly, women 12 to 45]
are to be given preference in admitting patients to colony. The
superintendent's specifically instructed to provide for the training,
suitable employment, and medical care of patients. A special teacher
for children of school age in the colony is to be provided; these
children are to be included in the school census. The superintendent
is to employ an expert in making mental examinations to test condi
tion of all patients from time to time and to act with State board of
charities and corrections in making such tests as law or board may
require. The definition of feeble-mindedness is reworded; it now
corresponds to that in the general commitment act [see 1916 C 388,
summarized above] except that the clause in that act exempting con
genital idiots without defining them is omitted, and the following
provision is added: “ No feeble-minded person o f the class commonly
known as 4congenital idiots ’—that is, whose mentality is not beyond
that of a normal child 2 years old— shall be admitted to the said
colony until a separate building has been provided for that class o f
feeble-minded persons.” The former law governing the colony for
feeble-minded white persons provided that no congenital idiots were
to be admitted.
Feeble-minded males are to be cared for at the State epileptic
colony until a separate building can be provided for them at the
feeble-minded colony.
1916 C 106 amending 1912 C 196.

Compare 1916 C 388.

The act governing the colony for feeble-minded colored persons is
amended by eliminating the commitment procedure [for present com
mitment procedure, see 1916 C 388, summarized above] and by re
wording the definition of a feeble-minded person to agree with that
found in the commitment act [1916 C 388, summarized above] except
that the clause in that act exempting congential idiots (without
defining them) is omitted.
1916 C 207 amending 1914 C 346.

The income from the estate of a person committed to a State in
stitution for insane, epileptic, or feeble-minded shall be paid to the
steward of the institution for the purchase of extra comforts for the
inmate, but must not be applied to the cost of ordinary maintenance.
Such payment, however, shall not exceed $200 annually unless specifi
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cally ordered by the court and is not required when inmate has hus
band, wife, or child lawfully dependent on him or her for support.
1916 C 255.
M O T H E R S ’ P E N SIO N S.

Maryland.— Provision is made for pensions from county funds, or
in Baltimore city from city funds, for widowed mothers of children
under 14 years o f age, subject to the following conditions: (1) Child
or children must be living with the mother; (2) conditions must be
such that if relief were not granted the mother would be required to
work regularly away from home in order to maintain her child or
children (but permission may be granted to a mother receiving a
pension to work away from home for a definite number o f days each
week to be specified in the order giving re lie f); (3)- mother must be
“ a proper person, worthy and fit, to bring up her children ” ; (4)
mother may not be owner of property, either real or personal, other
than her household goods; (5) mother must have resided in the
county where application is made, or in Baltimore city if applica
tion is made there, at least three years before making application;
(6) relief granted on behalf o f any child ceases when that child be
comes 14 years of age, except that if child is ill or incapacitated for
work the pension may continue during his illness or incapacity until
he is 16. Amount of pension is fixed as follow s: $12 per month for
the oldest child, $10 per month for the next oldest, and $6 per month
for each additional child; total not to exceed $40 for any one family.
County commissioners in the counties, and in Baltimore city the
board of estimate and city council, are empowered and instructed to
raise funds to pay the allowances by a tax levy not exceeding onetenth o f a mill, or to provide funds from the general tax levy. The
total to be raised is not stated, and the law provides that in case funds
are insufficient the neediest mothers shall be selected.
The administration of the law in Baltimore city is placed with
the board for mothers’ relief (three persons, only two o f whom
shall be o f the same sex) to be appointed by the mayor, or with the
supervisors of city charities if, at the discretion of the mayor and
city council, such board is not appointed. In the counties the law is
to be administered by the county commissioners. Petition for pen
sion is presented to these authorities and investigated by them, but
the power to grant and to revoke a pension rests with the juvenile
court or, in a county where no juvenile court exists, with the circuit
court. The State appropriates $10,000 for the establishment and
maintenance of the board of mothers’ relief in Baltimore city; the
board is to receive $5 per day for each member for each day the board
shall sit, and it has power to employ a secretary, a stenographer, and
three investigators. It also appropriates $5,000 “ for administrative
purposes,” to be divided among the several counties in proportion

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LAW S.

to their population. Recommendations, together with a detailed re
port of the number of beneficiaries, the amount expended, and the
advantages o f the system, are to be made to the legislature o f 1918
by the authorities administering the law.
1916 C 670.

New Jersey.— It is provided that if any county board o f chosen
freeholders has appropriated no money or too little money to meet
the expenses o f certain specified county activities, including widows’
pensions and work of the State board o f children’s guardians [care
and supervision o f dependent children], then the board may raise
the money to meet the deficiency by adding the amount thereof to
the appropriations for the current year, which may be raised by
taxation or by a temporary loan bond.
1916 C 201 supplementing C S 1910 v 1 (Chosen Freeholders) ss 70-74 p 492.
See C S 1910 v 2 (In fan ts) ss 62-74 p 2819 and 1913 C 281 as amended by 1915
C 118 and 238.

New Torh.— The provision that city commissioners o f public chari
ties shall be ex officio members o f the city boards o f child welfare
appointed to administer the mothers’ pension law in cities is repealed.
An appointed member is to be substituted fo r such commissioner, and
the term o f office for all members is lengthened from eight to nine
years. The investigation and supervision o f persons receiving allow
ances is to be only by the board; formerly “ by the board when con
sistently possible or by authorities now intrusted with similar work.”
1916 C 504 amending C L 1909 (General M unicipal) C 24 ss 150 and 152
subdivision 4, both as added by 1915 C 228.
M IS C E L L A N E O U S P R O V IS IO N S A F F E C T IN G D E F E C T IV E ,
Q U E N T , A N D D E P E N D E N T C H IL D R E N .

D E L IN

Georgia.— Provision is made that at each regular term o f court the
grand jury of each county shall appoint from among their own
number a special committee of not less than five persons, whose duty
it shall be to visit, inspect, and inquire into all private institutions
of specified types within the county [institutions in which persons
are kept in confinement; orphanages specified in title of act]. The
committee is instructed to confer with each inmate to learn how he
or she came to be confined in the institution; what labor, if any,
is required; and whether he or she desires to remain. The committee
is to report publicly to the judge and to the solicitor o f the superior
court the names of dissatisfied persons and the facts in each case; if
any person is illegally deprived of liberty, the committee shall demand
his release; if release is refused, the grand jury shall make special
presentment for false imprisonment. A previous law, still in force,
provides for annual inspection o f the Georgia Industrial Home and

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ÔHÏL£>-w elfar e

law s.

other similar institutions for children by a committee o f nine from
the general assembly.
1916 No 548-p 126.

Compare Code 1914 (C ivil) s 2865.

Maryland.— The provisions relating to organization and powers
o f the board o f State aid and charities are changed. Provision is now
made for appointment by the governor biennially o f three members
to serve four years, the governor himself to be ex officio the seventh
member o f the board. Two o f the members may be women ; not more
than three members shall be residents o f the same city or county.
The salary o f the secretary is raised from $1,800 to $2,200 and he is
required to give full time to the duties o f the board. The law now
provides also for clerks. Right of inspection is extended to include
institutions for dependents and delinquents having contracts with the
State as well as such institutions receiving financial aid from the
State. Formerly the board had supervision only over the latter.
Appeal from decision of the board may be taken to any court of
general common-law jurisdiction in the county or city where thé
office o f the board is located. A ll moneys appropriated to institutions
shall be paid on a per capita basis according to rates fixed by the
board o f public works.
1916 C 705 amending A C 1911 v 2 (1911) art 88A ss 1, 3, 5, 6, and adding
s 4A to same article.

A child under 6 months o f age may not be separated from its
mother for the purpose o f placing child in foster home or institution
unless (a) two physicians certify that the separation is necessary for
the physical good of mother or child; or (b) a court of competent
jurisdiction so orders; or (c) the board o f State aid and charities
considers the separation necessary and consents in writing thereto. A
foster home or institution receiving any child under such age without
its mother is required to file the physicians’ certificate above provided
for with the board o f State aid and charities. It is the duty o f all
persons participating in the separation of a child from its mother to
find out whether the separation has been duly permitted or ordered.
A ll participating in receiving a child at an institution are required to
find out whether the mother is living, and in that case are similarly
responsible for verifying the legality o f the separation and also for
reporting any violation of the act. This board shall investigate the
facts in each case o f separation coming under its notice, and when
it appears that this act has been violated shall report the facts to the
authorities charged with the enforcement of the criminal laws. Vio
lation o f any provision is a misdemeanor punishable by a fine of not
more than $100, or imprisonment in jail for not more than 100 days,
or both.
1916 C 210 amending A C 1911 v 3 (1914) art 27 by adding s 483.

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C H I L D -W E L F A R E

LAW S.

MISCELLANEOUS PROVISIONS AFFECTING CHILDREN.
M I L I T A R Y A N D P H Y S IC A L T R A I N I N G .

Louisiana.— It is required that’ in ail grades o f the public schools
higher than the eighth instruction in military science and tactics
shall be given to all male pupils for at least one hour a week.
1916 A 131.

Maryland.— The governor is authorized to appoint a nonsalaried
commission o f nine persons (adjutant general and two other officers
o f militia, three members o f veteran organizations, and three per
sons not members o f either), to report on military education, military
service, and a military reserve. Two of the subjects specified are the
practicability o f providing military education for boys between 14
and 21 and the practicability o f providing military training for
youths in the public schools.
1916 C 23.

Massachusetts.—The governor is authorized to appoint a special
nonsalaried board o f three persons to investigate the subject of
physical training of boys and girls in public schools and to recom
mend a system which will improve their physical, mental, and moral
qualities and provide an adequate basis for a citizen soldiery, with
special reference to physical and disciplinary training, military his
tory, and personal hygiene and sanitation; the board is to report to
the legislature in January, 1917. The sum of $1,000 is allowed for
expenses. [A similar commission was appointed in 1915 to report in
January, 1916, on military training in high schools.]
1916 Resolves C 90.

Compare 1915 Resolves C 81.

A law is enacted permitting students in educational institutions
where military science is a prescribed part of the course o f instruc
tion and students enrolled in a military organization approved by the
Secretary o f War or the Secretary of the Navy o f the United States,
and over which an officer of the United States Army or Navy or the
Massachusetts volunteer militia has supervision, to drill and parade
with firearms in public under the superintendence of their instructors,
subject to the approval of the governor and such conditions as he
may prescribe.
1916 C 8 amending 1908 C 604 s 170.

New Jersey.— Provision is made for a nonsalaried commission to
investigate and report to the legislature on February 1, 1917, upon
military training and instruction for national defense in high schools.
This commission is directed to consider what instruction would be
feasible, the extent to which the Federal Government would cooper
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CHILD-WELFARE LAWS.

ate, and the probable expense to the State, giving attention to the
experience o f other States and nations. It shall consist o f one mem
ber of the house and one member o f the senate, to be named by these
bodies; two schoolmen connected with the high schools o f New Jer
sey, to be named by the commissioner of education; and one person
in active military service, if possible the national service, to be ap
pointed by the governor. The commission shall expire on June 1,
1917, unless otherwise ordered by the legislature.. The sum of $2,000
is appropriated for expenses.
' 1916 C 211.

New Y ork.— Provision is made for a permanent nonsalaried mili
tary training commission of three members—the major general com
manding the National Guard, one member appointed by the board
of regents o f the University of the State o f New York, and one
member appointed by the governor; the term of office o f appointed
members is four years. The commission shall appoint an inspector
of physical training at a salary not to exceed $5,000. An appropria
tion of $100,000 is made for expenses.
|
A ll boys above 16 and not over 19 years o f age are to be given
sijich military training as the commission shall prescribe for not
more than three hours weekly, except that any boy may be exemptedby the commission, and that boys who are regularly and lawfully
employed/ are not required to take training unless they volunteer and
are accepted. For boys attending school or college this training
shalUbe given during the school or college year, but outside of the
time assigned to other instruction; for boys who are not pupils it
shall be given between September 1 and June 15. This training is
to be conducted under the supervision o f the commission by such
male teachers and physical directors as may be assigned by school
and college authorities and accepted by the commission, and by
militia officers and men detailed by the major general commanding
the National Guard or such officers and men o f the United States
Army as may be available. Instructors other than United States
Army instructors are to be paid by the commission.
The commission shall establish and maintain State military camps
for field training of boys between 16 and 19 years of age who are
physically fit and who are accepted by the commission; where suffi
cient money is not available to provide for all, preference will be
given first to boys attending secondary schools during the preceding
year, and second to those attending State agricultural schools and
colleges. Each detachment o f boys must remain in camp not less
than two nor more than four weeks, as the commission may deter
mine; training and discipline are to be under the major general
commanding the National Guard, subject to the supervision of the

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CHILD-WELFARE

law s.

commission; militia officers and men are to be detailed as instructors.
The commission is to determine the location of the camps, and any
organization owning a fairground and entitled to an apportionment
of State moneys must, if requested by the commission, allow the use
o f its grounds for such a camp unless they are needed for its own
purposes or have been previously leased to other parties; if it refuses
such use, the State appropriation for that year will be withheld.
The commission shall advise with the board o f regents as to the
physical training td be prescribed for the elementary and secondary
schools as provided in the education law [1916 C 567, summarized
below], and it shall further recommend to the board o f regents the
establishment in these schools o f such, habits, customs, and methods
as are best adapted to “ develop correct physical posture and bearing,
mental and physical alertness, self-control, disciplined initiative,
sense of duty and the spirit of cooperation under leadership.”
Other powers and duties o f the commission include inspecting'the
work prescribed under this act or under the provisions o f the educa
tion law [1916 C 567, summarized below] ; prescribing the powers
and duties o f the inspector of physical training; and maintaining
and cooperating with colleges in the State and with Federal authori
ties in maintaining courses of instruction for male teachers, physio&Y
•instructors, and others who volunteer and are accepted by the com
mission.
Armories and military property o f the State may be loathed to the
commission for carrying out these provisions, and the use o f school
buildings and grounds is permitted. The provisions of the aet do
not apply to pupils o f any college receiving Federal aid and requir
ing military drill.
1916 C 566 amending C L 1909 (M ilitary) C 36 by adding ss 26 to 29-d.

The education law is amended by providing that all pupils, both
boys and girls, above 8 years of age shall receive as a part of the
course of instruction in all elementary and secondary schools the
prescribed course o f physical training which may be adopted by the
board o f regents of the University of the State o f New York after
conference with the military-training commission. [See 1916 C 566,
summarized above.] This training shall average not less than 20
minutes a day. Attendance at a private school at which a similar
prescribed course in physical training is not given shall not be con
sidered equivalent, in satisfaction o f the compulsory school-attend
ance requirements of the law, to instruction in a public school.
Regents are responsible for administrative details in making the act
effective. State school money is to be apportioned to each district
and to meet part o f the expense o f the prescribed courses.
1916 C 567 amending C L 1910 (E ducation) C 16 by adding article 26 -A (ss
695-697).

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CHÏLD-WELFARE LAWS,

P O L IC E W O M E N ,

Virginia.— The appointment of policewomen in cities having
15,000 or more population is permitted.
1916 C 281.
SO C IA L IN S U R A N C E .

Massachusetts.— Provision is made for a special recess commis
sion on social insurance to consist of two senators appointed by the
president o f the senate, four representatives appointed by the speaker
o f the house, and three other persons appointed by the governor.
The commission is to receive such compensation as shall be allowed
by the governor and council, and is to report to the legislature in
January, 1917, with drafts of such laws as it may recommend.
1916 Resolves C 157.

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TOPICAL INDEX, BY POLITICAL DIVISIONS.
[The chapter references are to the 1916 session laws unless otherwise specified.]
D is t r ic t o f C olu m bia :
Page.
Juvenile courts (39 Stat L C 92 p 56 A ct of Apr 27, 1916)................................
35
G e o rg ia :
Child labor (No 547 p 1 1 3 ).................... ................. ...............................................
20
Compulsory school attendance (No 576 p 1 0 1 )........................ ........................
28
Dependent children. (See Juvenile courts, and Private institutions,
inspection of.)
Juvenile courts (No 575 p 5 8 ) ....... . ....................................................................
35
Juvenile delinquents. (See Juvenile courts.)
Private institutions, inspection of (No 548 p 1 2 6 )............................................
52
K en tu ck y :
Blind, name of State school (C 8 4 ) .................... ..................................................
33
Child labor, compensation for injured minor (C 33) .........................................
28
Child labor, theaters (C 23)..................................................................... ..............
20
Compulsory school attendance. (See School census.)
Desertion of minor child (C 6) .............................................................................
12
Investigations. (See Mental defectives—investigation.)
40
•Juvenile delinquents, institution for girls (C 85). .................. .........................
Juvenile delinquents, police court matron (C 3 )..........................................
40
Mental defectives—investigation (C 146)............................................................
43
Pandering (C 49)..............................................................................- .......................
13
School census (C 24 and 121).................................................................................
29
Workmen’s compensation. (See Child labor, compensation for injured
minor.)
L ou isian a:
Blind. (See Deaf, dumb, and blind.)
Child labor (A 177 and 220)....................................................................... . .........
21
Compulsory school attendance (A 2 7 ) .................................................................
29
Contributory delinquency, dependency, or neglect (A 139)...........................
32
Deaf, dumb, and blind (A 237).................................- ................... ......................
33
Deaf, dumb, and blind—investigation (A 72).......................................... .........
33
Dependent children. (See Juvenile courts.)
Investigations. (See Deaf, dumb, and blind—investigation.)
Juvenile courts (A 13, adopted b y popular vote N ov 7, 1916)................ ..
36
Juvenile delinquents. (See Juvenile courts.)
Mid wives (A 163)................................................................... ...................................
15
Military training (A 131)................................................ '. .......................- .............
54
17
Playgrounds and social centers (A 120)............ ............. •-..................................
Rape, penalty (A 123)........................... ..................................................... T------13
Receiving goods from minor unlawfully (A 15)...................... ...........................
14
M a in e:
Child labor (1915 C 350; referendum vote of Sept 11, 1916) ..........................
21
M aryla n d :
Admittance to pool rooms (C 140, 205, and 479) ^....... .............................. .
14
Birth registration (C 691)....................................................... ................. ...............
14
Board of State aid and charities (C 705)............ ............................. .................
53
59

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C H I L D -W E L F A R E

LAW S.

M arylan d—Continued.

Child labor (C 222, 701, 406, 407, and 147)............................... ....................
Child labor, street trades (C 222).....................................................................
Child labor, theaters (C 222)...........................................................................
Compulsory school attendance (C 506)............................................................
Contributory delinquency, dependency, or neglect (C 674).........................
( See also Juvenile courts.)
Curfew law (C 2)................................................................................................
Dependent children. (See Board of State aid and charities; Juvenile
courts; Mothers’ pensions; and Separation of mother and infant.)
Investigations. (See Mental defectives—investigation, and Military train
ing—investigation.)
Juvenile courts (C 326)................... .......................................................... . . , .......
Juvenile delinquents. (See Board of State aid and charities; Curfew law;
and Juvenile courts.)
Length of school term. (See Compulsory school attendance.)
Maternity hospital (C 183)......................................................................................
Mental defectives (C 566)........... . ..................................................« ............. .......
Mental defectives—investigation (C 642)................... .....................................
Military training—investigation (C 23)................................................................
Mothers’ pensions (C 670)......................................................................... ..............
School census. (See Compulsory school attendance.)
Separation of mother and infant (C 210)..... .......................................................
Social centers (C231 and 506).................................................. . ...........................
M a ssa ch u setts:
Blind and visually handicapped (C 160)............................................................
Blind, pensions for—investigation (Resolves, C 1 3 9 )................ ................. ...
Child labor (C 66, 95, and 222) .............................. .............................................
(See also Minimum-wage commission.)
Child labor—investigations (Resolves, C 74 and 164)....... ..............................
Child labor, street trades (C 242 and 188)................................................... .
Commission for blind. (See Blind and visually handicapped.)
Commission on mental diseases (C 285 and Resolves, C 160).........................
Compulsory school attendance, illiterate minors (C 82)...................................

Page.

21
22
21
30
32
41

43
43
54
51

53
18
' 33

33
23
25
24

44
31

Compulsory school attendance. ( See School census.)
Contributory delinquency, dependency, or neglect. (See Juvenile courts.)
Dependent children. (S ee Juvenile courts.)
Investigations. (S ee Blind, pensions for—investigation; Child labor—
investigations; Juvenile delinquents—investigation; Military training—
investigation; Social insurance—investigation; and Tuberculosis among
children—investigation.)
Juvenile courts (C 243).......................................................... ......... ........... ..........
Juvenile delinquents. (See Juvenile courts.)
Juvenile delinquents—investigation (Resolves, C 46)....................................
Mental defectives (C 285 and 122; Resolves, C 160 and 127)..........................
Military training (C 8)..................................................................... ........................
Military training—investigation (Resolves, C 90)............................................
Minimum-wage commission (C 303).................. .................................................
Part-time schools (C 95)............................*............................................................
School census (C 102)...................... ....................................*................. .
Social centers (Special Acts, C 86)......................................................................
Social insurance—investigation (Resolves, C 157)............................................
Syphilis (Resolves, C 47)....................... ..............................................................
Tuberculosis among children— investigation (Resolves, C 62).......................

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38
41
44
54
54
24
24
31
18
57
15
16

T O P IC A L

IN D E X .

M ississippi:
Page.
Child labor (C 239)..................................................................................................
25
Compulsory school attendance. {See School laws—investigation.)
Contributory delinquency, dependency, or neglect. {See Juvenile de
linquents.)
Dependent children (C 227)...................................................................................
34
{See also Juvenile delinquents.)
Infant blindness (C 115)........................................................................................
16
Investigations. {See School laws—investigation.)
Juvenile delinquents (C 111)................................, ..................... .........................
41
School laws—investigation (C 603).............................................
31
N e w J e rse y :
Blind (C 22, 17, and 134).....................................................* .....................'*.........
34
Child labor (C 242, 40, and 54)....................... ..................... |..............................
25
34
Commission for ameliorating the condition of the blind (C 22 and 17)___
Dependent children. {See Mothers’ pensions.)
Desertion of minor child (C 45).............................................................................
12
Investigations. {See Mental defectives—investigation, and Military
training—investigation.)
Juvenile courts (C 212) .........................................................
39
Juvenile delinquents. {See Juvenile courts.)
Mental defectives (C 61 and 95).......................................... . ...............................
45
Mental defectives—investigation (Joint Res No 1 ) ......................... .................
45
Military training—investigation (C 211).............................................................
54
Mothers’ pensions (C 201)............................................ .........................................
52
Part-time schools (C 242).............. ...................................... ..................................
25
Playgrounds (C 59 and 227)...................................................................................
18
Social centers (C 227)........................................................ ....................................
18
State board of children’s guardians. {See Mothers’ pensions.)
Visiting nurse (C 202).......................................................................... ..................
16
N ew Y ork :
Adoption (C 453)......................................................................................................
11
Annulment of marriage (C 605).............................................................................
12
Birth registration (C 53)........................................................................................
15
Child labor (C 46 5 ). ...............................................................................................
26
Child labor, compensation for injured minor (C 622)......................................
28
Child labor, theaters and motion pictures (C 278)............................................
26
Department of child welfare. Westchester County (C 242)..... .......................
34
Dependent children (C 379)............................................... ...........................
35
{See also Department of child welfare, Westchester County, and
Mothesy’ pensions.)
Illegitimacy. (See Adoption.)
Juvenile court, Syracuse (C 487)..........................................................................
39
Juvenile delinquents (C 394)........................ ........................................................
42
{See also Juvenile court, Syracuse.)
Mental defectives (C 71 and 9£G)..... ..................... ................. ............................
45
Military training (C 563)................................................................................. ......
55
Mothers’* pensions (C 504):....... ....................... ..... , ................ .............................
52
Physical training (C 5673........................................................................................
56
{See also Military training.)
Playgrounds (C 4 2 )................................................................................................
18
Seduction (C 196)...........
13
Town physician (C 413)..........................................................................................
16
Workmen’s compensation. {See Child labor, compensation for injured
minor.)

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CHILD-WELFARE LAWS.

Philippin e Islan ds:
Page
Infant welfare (No 2633)............................................ ............... „ . . .....................
47
P o r t o R ic o :
Betting (No 42)............................................................... ........... ; ...........................
34
Child labor, compensation for injured minor (No 19)............ ..........................
28
Dependent children. (S ee Juvenile courts.)
39
Juvenile courts (No 10)............................................. . . ____; ................'.............
Juvenile delinquents. (See Juvenile courts.)
Mental defectives. (See Juvenile courts.)
Unlawful sales to minor (No 21) ................................ .........................................
14
Workmen’s compensation. (See Child labor, compensation for injured
minor.)
R h o d e Islan d:
Child labor (C 1358 and 1378).................................................. ......................... .
27
Mental defectives, name of school (C 1381)........................................................
46
Social centers (C 1414)................................... ........................................................
18
Visiting nurse (C 1405)............................................................................................
17
S o u th C arolina:
Child labor (No 361 and 547).......................................... ......................................
27
(See also Hours of labor, interurban railways.)
Hours of labor, interurban railways (No 544)................................................. ..
27
Juvenile delinquents (No 509)............................. .............................................. .
42
Physical examination of young children (No 3 9 9 ) . . . ....................................
17
Venereal disease (No 531)............................................................................ ..
17
U n ite d S ta tes:
B oy Scouts (39 Stat L C 148 p 227 A ct of June 15, 1916).................................
17
Child labor (39 Stat L C 432 p 675 A ct of Sept 1, 1916).................................
19
(See also Homs of labor, interstate railroads.)
Child labor, compensation for injured minor (39 Stat L C 458 p 472 A ct
of Sept 7, 1 9 16 ).....................................................................................................
28
Hours of labor, interstate railroads (39 Stat L C 436 p 721 A ct of Sept 3,
5, 1916, and 39 Stat L C 109 p 61 A ct of May 4, 1916).......................
20
Workmen’s compensation. (See Child labor, compensation for injured
minor.)
V irg in ia :
Age of consent (C 478)............................................................................................
13
Child labor. (See Prohibition law, special provisions affecting minors.)
Child labor, employment agencies (C 168).....................................................
27
Dependent children (C 436)...................................................................................
35
Disorderly house, sending minor to. (See Child labor, employment agen
cies.)
Juvenile delinquents (C 35)...................................................................................
43
Mental defectives (C 104, 388, 312,106, 207, and 255).................... .................
4ft
(See also State board of charities and corrections.)
Parental right of custody (C 417).................................................................... .
13
Policewomen (0 281)......................... ................................................................
57
Prohibition law, special provisions affecting minors (C 146).................... .
14
State board of charities and corrections (C 104)............... ....... .........................
46
(S ee also Dependent children.)

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A P P E N D IX .
O U T L IN E

FO R

IN D E X

OE E X I S T I N G L E G IS L A T IO N
C H IL D W E L F A R E .

A F F E C T IN G

This index outline does not contain a model list o f topics which
should be covered by legislation, but is merely a list o f topics which
have been found to be at present covered by the laws o f a number of
States. It is not based upon any logical or ideal analysis o f childwelfare laws, but upon the topics as they are actually found in exist
ing legislation. In certain cases, as, for example, in the case o f laws
relating to dependent and to delinquent children, two distinct though
related subjects are frequently connected in the laws as they now
stand upon the statute books, and this connection has been preserved
in the index outline wherever necessary to avoid a large amount of
duplication in the references.
- The Children’s Bureau is preparing a reference index by States of
existing legislation on the subjects covered by the outline, specifying
for each State those topics given in the index outline upon which that
State has legislation, together with references to the sections and
acts where such legislation is found. In indexing these laws char
ter provisions and local and special laws are omitted and court
decisions are not at present included.
(A )

P A R E N T A N D C H IL D :

1. D U TIES AND L IA B IL IT IE S OF PA R EN TS—
Abandonment— Neglect— Nonsupport.
Abuse and cruelty.
Acts committed by child, parental liability f o r ; liability for torts
o f child, etc.
Care and support, duty to provide—
Duty o f father to p rov id e; when duty o f mother.
. (In cases o f divorce or separation, see “ A -3, D ivorce.” )
(F or illegitimate children, see “ A -5 .” )
Maintenance, allowance for, out o f child’s estate.
Protection (o f child from in ju ry ; justifiable homicide, etc.).
Miscellaneous.
2. R IG H TS OF PAR E N T AN D C H ILD —
Actions (fo r injury to person o f child, etc.).
Custody and control o f child’s person and property.
“ A -3, D ivorce.” )

( See also

Legal settlement o f children. (S ee also “ H - 6, Poor relief.” )
Parental rights, termination o f—Emancipation, etc.
Services and earnings.
Support o f parent by child. (S ee also “ H - 6, Poor relief.” )
Miscellaneous.
81573°— 17------1 '

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C H I L D -W E L F A R E

LAW S.

(A ) PARENT AND CHILD— Continued.
3. M A R R IA G E AN D D IVO RCE—
D ivorce—
Grounds for, etc.
Custody and support o f children.
Effect on legitim acy o f children, etc.
M arriage—
Age o f consent to marriage, consent o f parents, guardians, etc.
M arriage o f feeble-minded, epileptic, insane, etc.
Void and voidable marriages, what constitutes; effect o f on
legitim acy o f children. (F or annulment o f marriage, sec
“ A -3 , D ivorce.” )
M iscellaneous: Licenses, etc.
4. AD O PTIO N —
W ho may ad opt; who may be adopted.
Consent o f parent, guardian, etc.
Court jurisdiction, procedure, records, etc.
Effect o f adoption—
Change o f name o f child.
Liabilities o f adopting person.
Inheritance and property rights o f adopted child and others.
Abrogation o f adoption.
Advertising, etc., fo r adoption; penalty.
State control over adoption.
(F o r adoption through and from institutions, see “ H - 4 ” ; from
boarding homes fo r infants, see “ D -3 ” ; and see also “ H -3 ,”
“ H -5 ,” and “ G.” )
5. ILLE G ITIM A C Y —
Illegitimate children, who are. ( See also “ A—3.” )
Responsibility o f fa th e r ; o f mother.
Illegitim acy proceedings—
Disclosure o f father.
Complaint, warrant, arrest.
Bond for support, etc.
Methods o f legitimation—
Acknowledgment by father.
Subsequent intermarriage o f parents, etc.
Inheritance and property rights and disabilities o f parent and
child.

6. M ISCELLANEOUS.
(B ) GUARDIAN AND W A R D :
Appointment and kind o f guardian—
“ Joint guardianship.”
Testamentary guardianship, right o f father, and o f mother
to appoint.
Miscellaneous.
Duties, powers, and responsibilities o f guardian.
Rights and liabilities o f the ward.
Termination o f guardianship, etc.
State guardianship; guardianship o f institutions and agencies,
etc. (F or this subject, see “ G,” “ H -3 ,” '“ H -4 ,” and “ I - L ” )

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OUTLINE INDEX,

(C) OFFENSES AGAINST THE CHILD:
1. SP E C IFIC O FFENSES—
Abandonment and neglect. (F or same by parents, see “ A - l . ” )
Abduction— Kidnapping— Child stealing.
Abortion and prevention o f conception.
Abuse and cruelty. (F or same by parents, see “ A - l . ” )
Adm ittance to dance halls, saloons, etc.
Age o f consent. (F o r this subject, see “ Sexual crim es” here
under. )
Contributing to dependency and delinquency o f child. ( See also
“ H - l, Adult responsibility for delinquency and dependency,”
and “ H—3.” )
Corrupting and depraving morals.
Cruelty, societies for prevention of. (S ee “ Abuse and cruelty,”
hereunder, and also “ C -2.” )
Disposing o f child for unlaw ful purposes.
Endangering life, health, or limb.
Gaming.
Indecencies with children.
Infanticide.
Medicines and poisons, distribution of.
Obscenity : Literature, plays, pictures, etc.
. Prostitution, procuring girls for, etc.
Receiving goods from minor unlawfully.
Sales, gifts, etc., unlawful : Cigarettes, weapons, liquor, etc.
Sexual crimes ; Age o f consent, etc.
Substitution o f children.
Trials, indecent, etc., exclusion o f child ; o f public when child
testifies.
Miscellaneous—
Pregnant woman, suspension o f execution.
Misdemeanor, penalty for, etc.
Blindness o f infants, failure to report. (F o r this subject, see
“ D -2 ” )
Concealment o f birth. (S ee also “ A -5 ,” arid “ D -5 , Births,
concealment o f.” )
U nlawful employment o f child. (F or this subject, see
“ F -l.” )
2. ENFORCEM ENT AND EN FORCING AGENCIES.

(D) HEALTH AND SANITATION:
1. A D M IN IST R A T IV E AND ENFORCING AGENCIES.
(B oards o f health— Health officers— M iscellaneous.)
2. BLIN DN ESS OF INFANTS, PRE VEN TIO N OF— O PH TH ALM IA
NEONATORUM.
3. H O SPITA LS FO R CH ILD R E N (fo r defectives, see “ 1 - 1 ” ) —
Boarding homes for infants.
Children’s hospitals.'
County and municipal hospitals, provisions for children in.

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CH ILD-W ELF ARE LAWS.

(D ) HEALTH AND SANITATION— Continued.
3. H O SPITA LS FO R CH ILD R E N — Continued.
M aternity hospitals.
Tuberculosis hospitals. (Provisions for children are specified.
For schools for tubercular children, see “ 1-1, Diseased, general
provisions for.” )
Other hospitals, provisions for children in.
Miscellaneous.
4 . M ID W IV E S —

Registration of.
Regulations for practice o f profession ; licensing, etc.
Duty to report cases o f infected eyes. (S ee “ D -2 .” )
Duties relative to reporting births.
(S ee “ D -5, Births and
deaths, registration o f.” )
5. V IT A L ST A TIST IC S (birth registration, e tc .)—
Births and deaths, registration o f—
State and local authorities (registrars, etc.) charged with
collecting and recording vital statistics ; enforcement.
D uty o f midwives, physicians, householders, etc., to report
births.
Certificate o f birth, contents; illegitimacy, stillbirths, infan
tile blindness, etc., reportable. ( See also “ D -2 ” and
“ D -4 .” )
Births, concealment of. (S ee also “ A -5 ” and “ C -l, M iscella
neous.” )
Miscellaneous.
6. M ISCELLANEOUS H E A L T H LA W S—
Adulteration o f candy. (Provisions are given where children are
specified. )
Antitoxins, etc., free to indigent.
Communicable diseases, where children are specified.
Divisions o f child hygiene, establishment of. (¿?ee also “ D - l . ” )
M ilk regulations.
Public health or visiting nurses.
Vaccination o f pupils, etc.
(F or alcoholics and narcotics, teaching effect of, see “ E - 3 ” ;
medical and dental examination o f pupils, see “ E -3 ” ; health
and sanitation in schoolhouses, etc., see “ E - 3 ” ; health and
sanitation in institutions, see “ H -4 ” and “ 1-1.” )
7. RE CRE ATIO N —
Civic and social centers, use o f schoolhouses, public buildings, etc.,
for.
Dance halls, theaters, etc., regulation of.
minors, see also “ C - l .” )
Playgrounds and recreation centers.
Public baths.
Miscellaneous.

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(F or admittance to, o f

OUTLINE INDEX»

(E )

EDUCATION LAW S:
1. A D M IN IST R A T IV E
briefly)—

SU PERVISIO N

AND

CONTROL

(indexed

Boards o f education, school officers, etc.
School meetings.
Adm inistrative units : Districts, consolidation o f districts, etc.
2. FINANCES AND SU PPORT— GROUNDS AND BU ILDIN GS.
(These law s are not included.
etc., see “ E -3 .” )

For sanitation o f schoolhouses,

3. M ISCELLANEOUS PRO VISIO N S AND REGU LATIO N S—
Age o f children entitled to educational facilities ; other require
ments.
Arbor day and other holiday provisions.
Alcoholics and narcotics, teaching effect of.
Colored children, separate provisions for.
Exclusion and expulsion o f pupils.
F ire drills ; fire escapes.
Health provisions and sanitation in schoolhouses.
Liquor traffic ; sale o f intoxicants within certain distance from
schools.
M edical and dental examination o f pupils.
School discipline.
Subjects taught.
Subnormal children, special provisions for.
Teachers, special qualifications o f ; attendance at institutes.
Textbooks, free.
Term, length of.
Transportation o f pupils.
(F o r compulsory school attendance, school census, and truant and
parental schools, see “ F -2 ” ; civic and social centers and play
grounds, see “ D -7 ” ; school children, special aid to, see “ H -6 ” ;
schools for tubercular children, see “ 1-1, Diseased, general pro
visions for ” ; vaccination o f pupils, see “ D -6.” )
4. SPECIAL SCHOOLS—
Agricultural schools.
Continuation schools.
Domestic science.
(S ee also Vocational, trade, and industrial
schools hereunder. )
Evening schools.
Kindergartens.
Manual » training.
(S ee also Vocational, trade, and industrial
schools hereunder.)
Trade and industrial schools.
(See also Vocational, trade, and
industrial schools hereunder.)
Vocational, trade, and industrial schools.
Miscellaneous.

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CHILD-WELFARE LAWS.

( E ) CH ILD -LAB O R , L E G IS L A T IO N (indexed briefly) :
1. C H IL D LAB O R LA W S—
Minimum age (specifying occupations).
Employment certificates and records.
H ours o f labor (specifying occupations).
Street trades.
Public exhibitions.
Enforcement.
Violations and penalties.
2. COM PULSORY SCHOOL ATTEND ANCE—
Ages between which attendance is compulsory.
Attendance required.
Attendance o f w orking children (day, evening, and continuation
schools included).
Enforcement ; attendance and truant officers, etc.
School census.
Violations and penalties.
Truant and parental schools.
(F o r employment during school hours, etc., see “ F - l . ” )
(F o r compulsory school attendance o f defectives, see “ 1-1.” )
3. A PP R E N T IC E S H IP —
W ho may bind children as apprentices.
Terms o f indenture (including schooling while employed, e tc.).
Duties o f parent, guardian, master, and apprentice.
Penalties for violation ; master, apprentice.
Apprenticing by institutions; by overseers o f the poor. (F or this
subject, see “ H -4 ” ; “ H -6, Almshouses, children in ” ; and
“ H -6, Poor relief.” )
4. W O RK M E N ’ S COM PENSATION— EM PLO YE R’ S L IA B IL IT Y .
(A ll provisions in which minors are specified; minor employed,
illegally employed, etc.)
5. M ISCELLANEOUS.
(In indexing preference is given to title “ F - l . ” )
6. EM PLOYM ENT AGENCIES.
(Provisions fo r children are specified.)
7. EM PLOYM ENT OF W OMEN (see also “ F - l ” ) —
Before and after childbirth.
H ours o f labor.
Minimum wage.
Seats, etc., provisions for.

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o u t l in e

In d e x ,

(G) STATE, COUNTY, AND MUNICIPAL CARE OE CHILDREN; GEN
ERAL PROVISIONS FOR ADMINISTRATION, SUPERVI
SION, AND MAINTENANCE:
1. STATE BO AR D S OR D EPAR TM E N TS (names o f boards, etc., speci
fied, and each treated separately)—
Creation and organization.
Jurisdiction, powers, and duties—
Children under direct control of. (S ee also “ H-5.” )
State and other institutions and agencies under control and
jurisdiction of.
Miscellaneous—
Constitutional provisions.
Provisions fo r creating, e tc .; funds for maintenance.
2. COUNTY AN D M U N ICIPAL BO ARDS OR AGENCIES.

(H ) DELINQUENT,

DEPENDENT,

AND . NEGLECTED

CHILDREN

(see also “ 6 ” ) :
1. G EN ERAL—
A cts which render child delinquent (certain specific acts, smok
ing cigarettes, carrying weapons, etc.).
Adult responsibility fo r delinquency and dependency. (See also
“ H -3 ” )
Capacity to commit crime.
Definitions— classes considered delinquent and dependent.
Delinquent and dependent, bringing into State.
Dependent and neglected, commitment and care o f—
Court having jurisdiction, etc.
Certain provisions apart from juvenile court and institu
tional laws, which do not properly fall under subjects
given below.
Miscellaneous.
2. TR E A TM E N T OF DELINQ UENT M INORS A P A R T FROM JU VE
N ILE COURT AN D IN S TITU TIO N A L L A W S—
Court having jurisdiction.
Provisions fo r treatment o f minors—
Above juvenile-court age (generally between 16 and 21).
In States having no juvenile-court law.
3. JU VEN ILE COURTS—
Creation, designation, and organization o f cou rt; appointment,
term, and qualifications o f judge, etc.
Jurisdiction—
Children o f certain ag es; delinquent and dependent as de
fined.
O f parents, guardians, e tc .; o f contributory delinquency and
dependency, etc.
Extent o f jurisdiction in general.
Probation officers—
Appointment, duties and powers, compensation, etc.
Referees, etc., appointment and duties of.

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CHILD-WELFARE LAWS.

(H ) DELINQUENT, DEPENDENT, ETC., CHILDREN— Continued.
3. JU VEN ILE COURTS— Continued.
Procedure—
Petition ; summons ; trial, how conducted, etc. ; appeal, etc.
Release pending hearing; recognizance, detention homes, etc. ,
Final disposition o f child—
Placing under probation— leaving child in its home, placing
in a fam ily home, etc., or committing to detention home, etc.
Commitment to an institution ; powers and duties o f insti
tution to which committed.
Advisory board, appointment, organization, and duties of, etc.
Disqualification o f child.
Contributory delinquency and dependency.
Miscellaneous—
Civil liability o f ch ild ; medical care o f child during pro
ceedings, etc.
4. IN STITU TIO N S F O R D ELINQUENTS AN D D EPEN DEN TS—
(Nam e and kind o f institution— State, county, municipal, sem i
public, or private— is specified, and each is treated separately.)
Institutions for delinquents (State) —
Establishment, organization, management, a n d . maintenance.
Supervision and inspection by State board, etc.
( See also
“ G.” )

Health and sanitation— regulations and inspection.
Object and jurisdiction o f institution—
Age limitations.
Classes o f children committed and received.
Courts or judges committing—
Procedure.
Term o f commitment.
Jurisdiction and supervision after commitment.
Exam ination on entering institution; provisions for treat
ment.
Expenses and support, liability fo r (parent, coun ty).
Treatment o f inmates—
Exceptional offenders, special provisions for.
D efective children, transfer and removal of.
Correctional methods.
Education and training.
, Employment in institutions.
Placing out and apprenticing o f children.
Parole— Transfer— Discharge.
Miscellaneous.
( County, municipal, semipublic, and private institutions are
treated sim ilarly; provisions fo r financing, State aid, etc., and
fo r licensing o f private institutions arè specified.)
Institutions fo r dependents (S ta te )—
Establishment, organization, management, and maintenance.
Supervision and inspection by State board, etc.
( See also
“ G ”)

Health and sanitation— regulations and inspection.

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OUTLINE INDEX.

(H ) DELINQUENT, DEPENDENT, ETC., CHILDREN — Continued.
4.

IN STITU TIO N S FO R D ELINQUENTS AND D EPEN DENTS— Contd.
Institutions for dependents (S ta te )— Continued.
Admission— Commitment—
Procedure.
Classes o f children received.
Age lim itations; how long retained, etc.
Physical and mental examinations upon entrance.
Delinquent children, transfer and removal of.
Expenses and support o f ch ild ; payment by county, byparent.
Education and training ; employment in institution.
Placing out— Apprenticing— Adoption.

Miscellaneous.
( County, municipal, semipublic, and private institutions and agen
cies are treated sim ilarly; provisions fo r financing, State aid,
etc., and fo r licensing o f private institutions and agencies are
specified. )
Institutions for delinquents and dependents.
(In indexing preference is given to the tw o preceding titles,
unless the law clearly indicates that both classes are re
ceived in an institution. For subjects covered, see “ Insti
tutions for delinquents ” and “ Institutions for dependents ”
hereunder.
Institutions in general.
(Certain constitutional and other provisions applying to insti
tutions in general are specified.)
5. PLACING OR BO AR D IN G OUT OF C H ILD R E N (by State, county,
or municipal boards) —
Classes o f children received.
Age limitations.
Authority o f board over various classes.
Method o f placing.
Placement agents, investigation, supervision, etc.
Provisions for tem porary care.
6. COUNTY AND M U N ICIPAL R E L IE F —
Almshouses, children in.
Children born in institutions, disposition of.
Legal settlement o f child. {S ee Poor relief, hereunder,)
Mothers’ pensions.
Pensions, miscellaneous.
Poor relief.
School children, special aicT to.
Support o f fam ily o f inmate o f penal or other institution.
Miscellaneous.

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CHILD-WELFARE LAWS.

( I ) DEFECTIVE C H IL D R E N (see also “ G ” ) :
1. G ENERAL PRO VISIO N S
FO R D E FE C TIV E S—

FO R

D E FE C TIV E S— IN STITU TIO N S

( Name and kind o f institution— State, county, municipal, semipublic, or private— is specified, and each is treated separately.)
Blind, general provisions for—
State commission for.
State aid to, within their homes.
Education of, in public schools.
Compulsory school attendance.
Books and readers for the blind, provisions for, by State.
Enumeration of, etc.
Blind, institutions for (S ta te )—
Establishment, organization, management, and maintenance.
Supervision and inspection by State board, etc.
(S ee
also “ G.” )
Health and sanitation— regulations and inspection.
Admission or commitment-—
Procedure.
Age limitations.
Classes o f children received.
Compulsory commitment, etc.
Custodial powers.
Expenses and support o f child ; payment by county, by
parent.
Education and training; employment in institution.
Expulsion—-Transfer— Parole— Discharge.
Supervision or aid after leaving institution.
Miscellaneous.
( County, municipal, semipublic, and private institutions are
treated sim ilarly; provisions fo r financing, State aid, etc., and
for licensing o f private institutions are specified.)
Crippled and deformed, general provisions for—
Education in public schools ; State aid to, etc.
Compulsory school attendance.
Crippled and deformed, institutions and hospitals fo r (State hos
p ita l; State university hospital, e tc .)—
Duties o f hospital official.
Assignment o f competent surgeon to case.
W ho may receive treatment— indigent and other children.
Expenses and support o f ch ild ; payment by city, county,
parent.
Miscellaneous.
(F or provisions for treatment and separate departments in
institutions fo r dependents, see “ H -4, Institutions for
dependents.” )
D eaf and dumb, general provisions for—
Education in public sch ools; State aid to, etc.
Compulsory school attendance.

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O U T L IN E

IN D E X .

(I ) DEFECTIVE CHILDREN— Continued.
1, GEN ERAL PRO VISIO N S FO R D EFE C TIV E S— IN STITU TIO N S
FO R D E FE C TIV E S— Continued.
D eaf and dumb, institutions for—
(F or subjects covered, see “ Blind, institutions for,” here
under. )
Diseased, general provisions for—
Education o f tubercular children in open-air sch ools; State
aid to, etc.
Miscellaneous.
Diseased, institutions for.
(F or this subject, see “ D -3 .” )
Feeble-minded and epileptic, general provisions for—
Commissions fo r studying treatment, needs, and care of.
Statistics relating to, etc.
Miscellaneous.
Feeble-minded and epileptic, institutions for.

(F o r subjects covered, see “ Blind, institutions for,” here
under. )
Insane, hospitals for—
General provisions for admittance.
Provisions for children.
Miscellaneous.
Institutions in general.
(Certain constitutional and other previsions applying to all
institutions for defectives are specified; in indexing prefer
ence is given to “ Institutions in general,” under Title
“ H -4 .” )
Miscellaneous.
2. PRE VEN TIO N OF TRA N SM ISSIO N OF D EFEC T—
Asexualization.
Miscellaneous.
For marriage and divorce o f feeble-minded, epileptic, etc.,
see “ A -3 ” ; for sexual crimes committed w ith defectives,
see “ C -l, Sexual crim es.” )

(J) MINOR’S CAPACITY OR INCAPACITY TO ACQUIRE RIGHTS
AND TO INCUR LIABILITIES:
1. R IG H TS AND D IS A B IL IT IE S IN GEN ERAL
STATUS, E T C .)—
Age o f majority.
Capacity in which minor may act.
Capacity to appoint others to act.
Capacity to make a will.
Legal disability, what constitutes.
Legal disability, removal of.
Witnesses, minors as.

Miscellaneous.

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(M IN O R ’ S C IV IL

CHILD-WELFARE LAWS.

(J) MINOR’S CAPACITY OR INCAPACITY TO ACQUIRE RIGHTS
AND INCUR LIABILITIES— Continued.
2. M ISCELLANEOUS R IG H T S AN D L IA B IL IT IE S —
Actions. (F or real actions, see “ Real p rop erty ” hereunder.)
Right o f action, who has.
Capacity to sue and be su ed; guardian ad litem, necessity
and purpose o f appointment, etc.
P rocedure: Summons, how served, etc.
E ffect o f attaining m ajority during action.
Judgm ent; review o f action, appeal, etc.
Lim itation o f actions.
Citizenship o f minor.
Contracts.
Inheritance and testamentary rights.
(F or adopted and ille
gitimate children, see “ A- 4 ” and “ A -5 .” )
Personal property.
R eal property. (F o r care o f property by guardian, see “ B .” )
T o r ts : W rongs, liability for.
Miscellaneous.

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Full text of Summary of Child-Welfare Laws Passed in 1916, Miscellaneous Series No. 7, Bureau Publication No. 21

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