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Students, Graduates, and
Dropouts, October
U.S, Department of Labor
Bureau of Labor Statistics
December 1983
L
S
. S
' .
%% p e c ia l Labor Force Report
s
Bulletin 2192
j
Students, Graduates, and
Dropouts, October 1080-82
U.S. Department of Labor
Raymond J. Donovan, Secretary
Bureau of Labor Statistics
Janet L. Norwood, Commissioner
December 1983
Bulletin 2192
For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C. 20402
Preface
This bulletin on school-age youth is part of the
Special Labor Force Reports series. It discusses 1981-82
changes in the labor force activity o f students,
graduates, and dropouts. The article was initially
published in the Monthly Labor Review, August 1983,
and is reprinted with additional tabular material and an
explanatory note.
The data were compiled from supplementary ques
tions to the October 1981 and 1982 Current Population
Survey (CPS) conducted and tabulated by the Bureau of
the Census for the Bureau o f Labor Statistics. The data
for 1980 were retabulated from the October 1980 CPS
using 1980 census population weights, and may differ
from those previously published.
Material in this publication is in the public domain
and may, with appropriate credit, be reproduced
without permission.
Page
Youth labor force marked turning point in 1982 ..............................................................
1
Appendix A. Explanatory n o te ..........................................................................................
5
Appendix B. Supplementary tab les:.................................................................................
10
Revised 1980 data:
B- 1. Employment status o f the population 16 to 24 years old by
school enrollment, years of school completed, and sex,
October 1980 ...............................................................................................
B- 2. Employment status of the population 16 to 24 years old by school
enrollment, years of school completed, race, Hispanic origin,
and sex, October1980 ..................................................................................
10
11
1981-82 data:
B- 3. School enrollment and employment status of 1981 high school
graduates and 1980-81 school dropouts 16 to 24 years old by sex,
race, and Hispanic origin, October 1981.................................................
B- 4. Employment status of the population 16 to 34 years old by school
enrollment, age, sex, and race, October 1981-82 ..................................
B- 5. Employment status of the population 16 to 34 years old enrolled
in school by sex, age, and type of school, October 1981-82.................
B- 6. Employment status of the population 16 to 34 years old enrolled
in school by race, sex, age, and type o f school, October 1981-82 . . . .
B- 7. Employed 16- to 24-year-olds enrolled in school, high school
graduates not enrolled in college, and school dropouts by sex and
occupation, October 1981..........................................................................
B- 8. Employed 16- to 24-year-olds enrolled in school, high school
graduates not enrolled in college, and school dropouts by sex and
occupation, October 1982 ..........................................................................
B- 9. Employed 16- to 24-year-olds enrolled in school, high school
graduates not enrolled in college, and school dropouts by sex,
industry, and class o f worker, October 1981..........................................
B-10. Employed 16- to 24-year-olds enrolled in school, recent high school
graduates not enrolled in college, and school dropouts by sex,
industry, and class o f worker, October 1982..........................................
B -ll. Employed 16- to 24-year-olds enrolled in school by occupation,
industry, class o f worker, sex, age, and race, October 1981-82 .........
B-12. Employment status of the population 16 to 24 year olds not
enrolled in school by educational attainment, sex, and race,
October 1981-82 ...........................................................................................
B-13. Employment status of the Hispanic-origin population 16 to 24
years old by school enrollment status, educational attainment,
and sex, October 1981-82 ........................................................................
B-14. Employment status of high school graduates not enrolled in
college and school dropouts 16 to 24 years old by sex, age, and race,
October 1981-82 ...........................................................................................
V
13
14
20
22
24
25
26
27
28
30
32
33
Contents—Continued
B-15. Unemployed 16- to 24-year-olds enrolled in school,
high school graduates not enrolled in college, and school
dropouts by age, sex, race, and duration o f unemployment,
October 1981-82 ............... ....................................................................... ....
B-16. Unemployed 16- to 24-year-olds enrolled in school by
occupation, sex, and age, October 1981-82.............................................
B-17. Employed and unemployed high school graduates not enrolled
in college, and school dropouts 16 to 21 years old by
occupation and sex, October 1981-82 .....................................................
B-18. Unemployed 16- to 21-year-olds enrolled in school, high
school graduates not enrolled in college, and school
dropouts by sex, race, and reason for unemployment,
October 1981-82 ..................................................... ......................................
vi
34
35
36
37
Y outh lab or fo re e marksdl
turning point in 1DS2
A
nne
M
cD ougall
Y
oung
school will probably decline through the 1980’s, as smaller
cohorts of youth pass through the conventional school age
groups.2
Labor force participation rates for most student and non
student groups either drifted down or were not significantly
changed between October of 1981 and 1982. (See table 2.)
An apparent rise in labor force activity among black students
A turning point in the composition of the youth labor force
was reached in 1982, as the last of the post-World War II
baby-boom generation completed high school. Since reach
ing a peak in October 1979, the l6-to-24-year-old labor
force has dropped by 850,000, with 60 percent of the de
crease occurring between October 1981 and October 1982.1
(See table 1.) The number of young people completing high
Tab le 1. E m ploym ent status of persons 16 to 24 years old, by school en ro llm en t status, years of school co m p leted , and sex,
O ctober 1 9 8 1 -8 2
[Numbers in thousands]
C h a r a c te r is tic
C iv ilia n
n o n in s titu tio n a l
p o p u la tio n
C iv ilia n
la b o r fo rc e
P a r tic ip a tio n
ra te
U n e m p lo y e d
U n e m p lo y m e n t
ra te
1981
Total, 16 to 24 y e a rs ..................................................................
1982
1981
1982
1981
1982
1981
1982
1981
1982
36,946
36,452
24,583
24,076
66.5
66.0
3,642
4,331
14.8
18.0
15,909
11,208
4,701
8,108
7,800
6,503
1,297
8.150
4,224
3,925
3,324
601
7,759
3,884
3.875
3,179
696
15,624
10,725
4,897
7,701
7,923
6,546
1,377
7,991
4,045
3,945
3,336
609
7,633
3,656
3,978
3,210
768
7,352
4,706
2,646
3,276
4,076
2,901
1,175
3,803
1,805
1,998
1,438
560
3,549
1,471
2,078
1.463
615
7,194
4,398
2,796
2,970
4,222
2,992
1,230
3,628
1,589
2,038
1,481
557
3,566
1,381
2,184
1,511
673
46.2
42.0
56.3
40.4
52.3
44.6
90.6
46.7
42.7
50.9
43.3
93.2
45.7
37.9
53.6
46.0
88.4
46.0
41.0
57.1
38.6
53.3
45.7
89.3
45.4
39.3
51.7
44.9
91.5
46.7
37.8
54.9
47.1
87.6
1,062
855
207
655
406
346
60
543
348
194
167
27
519
307
212
179
33
1,202
916
286
707
496
381
115
674
417
258
186
72
528
290
238
195
43
14.4
18.2
7.8
20.0
10.0
11.9
5.1
14.3
19.3
10.2
11.6
4.8
14.6
20.9
10.5
12.2
5.4
16.7
20.8
10.2
23.8
11.7
12.7
9.3
18.6
26.2
12.7
12.6
12.9
14.8
21.0
10.9
12.9
6.4
21,037
4,887
16,150
10,018
2,746
1,028
1,718
5,360
1,280
632
11,019
2,396
893
1,504
6,091
1,646
885
20,828
4,901
15,926
9,947
2,600
981
1,620
5,313
1,333
701
10,881
2,455
910
1,545
5,903
1,691
833
17,231
3,776
13,455
9,185
2,346
824
1,523
5,002
1,229
608
8,046
1,155
434
723
4,671
1,384
835
16,882
3,709
13,173
9,056
2,193
765
1,428
4,915
1,262
687
7,826
1,159
442
719
4,464
1,428
775
81.9
77.3
83.3
91.7
85.4
80.2
88.6
93.3
96.0
96.2
73.0
48.2
48.6
48.1
76.7
84.1
94.4
81.1
75.7
82.7
91.0
84.3
78.0
88.1
92.5
94.7
98.0
71.9
47.2
48.6
46.5
75.6
84.4
93.0
2,580
850
1,729
1,397
582
236
346
673
100
42
1,183
361
178
183
663
125
34
3,129
1,009
2,120
1,742
684
297
387
851
148
58
1,387
382
172
212
769
160
76
15.0
22.5
12.9
15.2
24.8
28.6
22.7
13.5
8.1
6.9
14.7
31.2
41.0
25.3
14.2
9.0
4.1
JL8.5
27.2
16.1
19.2
31.2
38.8
27.1
17.3
11.7
8.4
17.7
33.0
38.9
29.5
17.2
11.2
9.8
ENRO LLED
Total, 16 to 24 y e a rs ................................................................................
16 to 19 years .....................................................................................
20 to 24 years .....................................................................................
High school . . .■..................................................................................
College ..................................................................................................
Full-time stud ents.............................................................................
Part-time students ..........................................................................
Men, 16 to 24 years ..........................................................................
High school .....................................................................................
College .............................................................................................
Full-time s tu d e n ts .......................................................................
Part-time s tu d e n ts.......................................................................
Women, 16 to 24 years ....................................................................
High school .....................................................................................
College .............................................................................................
Full-time s tu d e n ts .......................................................................
Part-time s tu d e n ts.......................................................................
NO T ENRO LLED
Total, 16 to 24 y e a rs ...............................................................................
16 to 19 years .....................................................................................
20 to 24 years .....................................................................................
Men, 16 to 24 years ..........................................................................
Less than 4 years of high s c h o o l.................................................
16 to 19 years .............................................................................
20 to 24 years .............................................................................
4 years of high school ..................................................................
1 to 3 years of college ..................................................................
4 years of college or m o r e ............................................................
Women, 16 to 24 years ...........• .......................................................
Less than 4 years of high s c h o o l.................................................
16 to 19 years .............................................................................
20 to 24 years .............................................................................
4 years of high school ..................................................................
1 to 3 years of college ..................................................................
4 years of college or m o r e ............................................................
Note: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals.
Anne McDougall Young is an economist in the Division of Employment and Unemployment Analysis, Bureau of Labor Statistics.
1
was not statistically significant, reflecting the relatively large
variance in small sample estimates. Most of the slippage in
the participation rate for students, which began in 1978,
occurred among teenagers, especially those 16 and 17 years
old. Reasons for this decline include discouragement with
the prospects of getting a job in a slack labor market and
T ab le 2. E m ploym ent status of persons 16 to 24 years old, by school en ro llm en t status, years of school com p le te d , race,
H ispanic origin, and sex, O ctober 1 9 8 1 -8 2
[Numbers in thousands]
C h a r a c te r is tic
C iv ilia n
n o n in s titu tio n a l
p o p u la tio n
C iv ilia n
la b o r fo rc e
P a r tic ip a tio n
ra te
U n e m p lo y m e n t
ra te
U n e m p lo y e d
1981
1982
1981
1982
1981
1982
Enrolled, total, 16 to 24 y e a rs ...............................................................
16 to 19 years .....................................................................................
20 to 24 years .....................................................................................
Men ......................... ..........................................................................
Women ...................................................................................................
High school ..........................................................................................
College ...................................................................................................
13,312
9,285
4,027
6,853
6,459
6.572
6.740
13,010
8,873
4,317
6,662
6,348
6,206
6,804
6,577
4,242
2,335
3,432
3,145
2,946
3,632
6,400
3,967
2,431
3,221
3,179
2,668
3,730
49.4
45.7
58.0
50.1
48.7
44.8
53.9
49.2
44.7
58.8
48.3
50.1
43.0
54.8
820
663
160
453
368
501
320
Not enrolled, total, 16 to 24 years .......................................................
Men ........................................................................................................
Women ...................................................................................................
17,797
8,562
9,236
17,481
8,399
9,082
14,898
7,996
6,902
14,457
7,774
6,683
83.7
93.4
74.7
82.7
92.6
73.6
School completed:
High school:
Less than 4 years .............................................................................
4 years .............................................................................................
4,107
9,778
4,001
9,524
2,889
8,417
2,727
8,111
70.4
86.1
College:
1 to 3 years .....................................................................................
4 years .............................................................................................
2,511
1,402
2,533
1,423
2,253
1,339
2,261
1,357
Enrolled, total, 16 to 24 y e a rs ...............................................................
16 to 19 years .............................................................................1. . .
20 to 24 years .....................................................................................
Men ........................................................................................................
W o m e n ...................................................................................................
High school ...........................................................................................
College ...................................................................................................
2,083
1,598
485
1,010
1,072
1,303
780
2,062
1,519
544
996
1,066
1,274
788
598
368
229
278
320
280
317
Not enrolled, total, 16 to 24 years .......................................................
Men ........................................................................................................
W o m e n ...................................................................................................
2,850
1,292
1,558
2,923
1,341
1,581
School completed:
High school:
Less than 4 years .............................................................................
4 years .............................................................................................
913
1,501
College:
1 to 3 years .....................................................................................
4 years or m o re ...............................................................................
1981
1982
1981
1982
942
744
198
523
419
565
380
12.5
15.6
6.8
13.2
11.7
17.0
8.8
14.7
18.7
8.2
16.2
13.2
21.2
10.2
1,854
1,045
809
2,264
1,289
975
12.4
13.1
11.7
15.7
16.6
14.6
68.2
85.2
657
980
758
1,188
22.7
11.6
27.8
14.6
89.7
95.5
89.3
95.4
149
68
201
117
6.6
5.1
8.9
8.6
591
319
271
293
298
237
350
28.7
23.0
47.3
27.5
29.9
21.5
40.6
28.7
21.0
49.8
29.4
28.0
18.6
44.4
207
167
42
72
135
138
71
217
149
68
122
95
125
93
34.6
45.3
18.1
25.9
42.2
49.3
22.4
36.7
46.7
25.3
41.6
31.9
52.7
26.6
2,085
1,065
1,019
2,109
1,105
1,005
73.2
82.4
65.4
72.2
82.4
63.6
680
332
349
814
419
395
32.6
31.2
34.2
38.6
37.9
39.3
917
1,523
551
1,144
544
1,137
60.4
76.2
59.3
74.7
266
338
288
406
48.3
29.6
52.9
35.7
348
88
407
74
306
84
359
71
87.9
95.5
88.2
(D
69
7
102
17
22.5
8.3
28.4
(D
Enrolled, total, 16 to 24 y e a rs ...............................................................
16 to 19 years .....................................................................................
20 to 24 years .....................................................................................
Men ........................................................................................................
W o m e n ...................................................................................................
High school ...........................................................................................
College ...................................................................................................
984
752
232
517
467
627
357
955
746
209
499
456
605
351
374
227
148
207
167
180
194
330
203
124
163
164
142
189
38.1
30.2
63.8
40.0
35.8
28.7
54.4
34.6
27.2
59.3
32.7
36.0
23.5
53.8
60
44
15
37
22
36
23
74
60
15
38
37
52
24
16.0
19.4
10.1
17.9
13.2
20.0
11.9
22.4
29.6
12.1
23.3
22.6
36.6
12.7
Not enrolled, total, 16 to 24 years ......................................................
Men ........................................................................................................
W o m e n ...................................................................................................
1,701
816
885
1,643
764
879
1,278
736
542
1,171
668
506
75.1
90.2
61.3
71.3
87.4
57.6
197
115
82
251
145
106
15.4
15.6
15.2
21.4
21.7
20.9
School completed:
High school:
Less than 4 years .............................................................................
4 years .............................................................................................
891
634
822
616
620
501
534
468
69.6
79.0
65.0
76.0
111
75
132
93
18.0
15.0
24.7
19.9
College:
1 to 3 years .....................................................................................
4 years or m o r e ...............................................................................
141
36
157
46
123
33
125
45
87.2
(D
79.6
(1)
10
1
19
6
8.1
(D
15.2
(D
W H IT E
BLA C K
H IS P A N IC O R IG IN
1Data not shown where base is less than 75,000.
Note: Detail for the above race and Hispanic-origin groups will not add to totals because
data for the "other races" group are not presented and Hispanics are included in both
the white and black population groups. Because of rounding, sums of individual items
may not e9ual totals,
2
greater competition, mostly with adult women, for part-time
work. Among youth not in school, the trend generally has
paralleled that of adults 25 years and over, with the rates
for men moving slowly down, while those for women have
been rising. Between October of 1981 and 1982, even these
women were feeling the effects of the labor market pinch
and their participation rate edged down.
In October 1982, white youth had the highest labor force
participation rates, followed by Hispanics and blacks. These
patterns have persisted historically among both high school
and college students, as well as among youth no longer in
school. Among young men out of school, the participation
rate for Hispanics was midway between those of whites and
blacks. Hispanic women out of school continued to have
the lowest participation rate among all youth 16 to 24.
Tab le 4. S chool en ro llm e n t and labor force status of 1982
high school g raduates and 1 9 8 1 -8 2 school dropo uts 16 to
24 years old by sex, race, and H ispanic origin, O ctober
1982
[Numbers in thousands]
C h a r a c te r is tic
3,485
100.0
8.4
91.6
2,510
100.0
35.2
64.8
2,703
100.0
64.2
35.8
100.0
5.5
6.1
9.9
24.6
2.0
6.8
2.0
5.5
2.0
25.6
9.9
100.0
20.5
8.4
6.6
27.0
7.8
6.4
1.1
4.2
.2
16.3
1.5
100.0
1.4
3.6
5.0
19.4
11.9
14.6
3.4
12.6
1.7
19.4
6.8
100.0
11.6
7.5
5.4
22.3
13.2
12.5
3.5
7.8
.5
12.6
3.6
Employed part time, percent distribution . .
Professional and technical workers . . . .
Managers and administrators, except farm
Salesw orkers.................................................
Clerical w o rk e rs ............................................
Craft and kindred workers .........................
Operatives, except tra n s p o rt......................
Transport equipment operatives................
Nonfarm la b o re rs ................ ........................
Private household w o rk e rs ........................
Other service w o rk e rs .................................
Farm workers ..............................................
100.0
3.5
.6
12.3
21.4
1.3
3.3
1.8
14.3
4.7
33.5
3.4
100.0
17.2
2.2
12.1
26.1
3.0
3.0
1.6
7.4
1.7
25.2
.6
100.0
1.3
.6
8.5
18.9
6.8
8.8
1.3
12.6
2.5
33.5
5.2
100.0
6.6
1.8
7.0
19.9
8.4
9.9
2.3
10.3
2.8
29.4
1.6
1,952
63.0
1.512
440
22.5
1.508
1.592
2,644
384
174
976
976
1,708
211
99
64.7
61.3
64.5
54.9
57.0
769
743
1.383
99
65
207
233
325
112
34
21.2
23.9
19.0
53.0
34.3
1,568
739
829
695
316
379
44.3
42.8
45.7
586
270
316
109
46
63
15.7
14.6
16.6
1,419
577
40.6
483
94
16.3
149
1,376
140
75
118
635
42
25
79.2
46.1
30.0
33.3
103
540
28
22
15
95
14
3
12.7
15.0
(2)
(2)
1,532
769
763
1,268
244
99
1,257
660
597
1,073
169
74
82.0
85.8
78.2
84.6
69.3
74.7
926
499
427
843
71
43
331
161
170
230
98
31
26.3
24.4
28.5
21.4
58.0
(2)
668
421
63.0
246
175
41.6
355
313
216
272
149
109
76.6
47.6
50.5
"154
92
67
118
57
42
43.4
38.3
38.5
96
513
135
73
40
344
70
45
41.7
67.1
51.9
(2)
25
220
20
26
15
124
50
19
(2)
36.0
(2)
(2)
1Data refer to persons who dropped out of school between October 1981 and October
1982. In addition. 59,000 persons 14 and 15 years old dropped out of school during
this period.
2Data not shown where base is less than 75.000.
Note: Detail for white, black, and Hispanic-origin groups will not add to totals because
data for the "other races" group are not presented and Hispanics are included in both
the white and black population groups. Because of rounding, sums of individual items
may not equal totals.
11,053
100.0
82.6
17.4
Employed full time, percent distribution . . .
Professional and technical workers . . . .
Managers and administrators, except farm
Salesw orkers.................................................
Clerical w o rk e rs ............................................
Craft and kindred workers .........................
Operatives, except tra n s p o rt......................
Transport equipment operatives................
Nonfarm la b o re rs .........................................
Private household w o rk e rs .........................
Other service w o rk e rs .................................
Farm workers ..............................................
3.100
Men .................
Women ...........
S in g le ...........
Other marital
status . . .
W h ite ................
B la c k .................
Hispanic origin
2 0 to
24
ye a rs
Total em ployed.......................................................
Percent .........................................................
Full time ............................................................
Part t im e ............................................................
P e rc e n t
Total, 1981-82
school dropouts1
N o t e n r o lle d
1 6 to
19
years
Num ber
Not enrolled in
college ...........
Men .................
Women ...........
W h ite ................
B la c k ................
Hispanic origin.
[Numbers, in thousands]
2 0 to
24
ye a rs
U n e m p lo y e d
P a r tic ip a tio n
ra te
Enrolled in college
Men ................
Women . . . . .
Full-time
students . . .
Part-time
students . . .
W h ite .................
B la c k ................
Hispanic origin.
Tab le 3. O ccupation o f em ployed persons 16 to 24 years
old by school enrollm ent status and age, O ctober 1982
1 6 to
19
ye a rs
Num ber
Men .................
Women . . . . . .
W h ite ................
B la c k .................
Hispanic origin.
Unemployment rates for students and youth not in school
rose sharply over the year ending in October 1982, reaching
16.7 and 18.5 percent, respectively. In past decades, stu
dents, most of whom seek part-time jobs, had higher un
employment rates than out-of-school youth. Beginning in
1980, this situation was reversed, partly because of the
“ aging” of the student group. Fewer students are now 16
and 17, ages at which unemployment rates are highest. Also,
youth not in school, most of whom prefer full-time work,
were experiencing difficulties in a slow job market.
E m p lo y m e n t s ta tu s a n d o c c u p a tio n
C iv ilia n la b o r fo rc e
Total, 1982 high
school graduates
U nem ploym ent rates
E n ro lle d
C iv ilia n
n o n in s titu tio n a l
p o p u la tio n
Unemployment rates increased sharply for white students
and nonstudents over the year. Rates for black students in
both high school and college showed no significant overthe-year change, but out-of-school black youth experienced
substantial increases. Jobless rates for black youth were
more than twice those of white youth across every educa
tional attainment category. Among Hispanics, both students
and those not in school experienced increased unemploy
ment between October 1981 and 1982. Their unemployment
rates remained between those of whites and blacks.
O ccupations
The school enrollment status of youth is, of course, a
major controlling factor in the occupational distribution of
these workers. With worktime limited by class schedules,
most students are employed only part time in jobs which
3
than their teenage counterparts to be in professional-tech
nical and managerial jobs; relatively few were nonfarm la
borers or service workers.
Table 5. P ercent of recent high school graduates 16 to 24
years old enrolled in college by year of graduation, and
race
Y e a r of g ra d u a tio n
1970
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
....................................................................
.....................................................................
.....................................................................
....................................................................
....................................................................
....................................................................
....................................................................
....................................................................
....................................................................
....................................................................
....................................................................
....................................................................
....................................................................
T o ta l
W h ite
B la c k 1
52
53
49
47
48
51
49
51
50
49
49
54
51
52
54
49
48
47
51
49
51
50
50
50
55
52
48
47
48
35
51
46
48
50
46
46
43
43
36
High school graduates and dropouts in 1982
About half (51 percent) of the 3.1 million youth who had
graduated from high school in 1982 were enrolled in college
by October. (See table 4.) This proportion was 3 percentage
points lower than the 1981 peak, with little difference be
tween men and women. However, after having been rea
sonably close for most years during the 1970’s, the differences
between college enrollment rates of whites and blacks wid
ened in the early 1980’s, with a particularly big drop be
tween October of 1981 and 1982. A sharp decline in black
enrollment was the principal cause of this widening gap.
(See table 5.)
Eighty-two percent of the new high school graduates not
enrolled in college were in the labor force by October 1982.
Poor economic conditions led to a sharply higher unem
ployment rate— 26.3 versus 21.4 percent— for the yearearlier graduates.
The number of youth who dropped out of school over the
year— 670,000— was lower than in recent years, reflecting
primarily a decline in the population of 16-year-olds. At
41.6 percent, the unemployment rate for recent dropouts
was more than 1.8 times the rate of the year’s new high
school graduates.
□
1Black and other races, 1970-76; black only, 1977-82.
can accommodate varying working hours. In October 1982,
6 of 10 teenage students employed part time were clerical,
private household, or service workers. (See table 3.) Teen
agers not enrolled in school usually held full-time jobs.
While the largest proportions were also in clerical and ser
vice jobs, 4 of 10 were operatives, nonfarm laborers, or
craft workers.
Two-thirds of the 20- to 24-year-old students worked part
time, with the largest proportions in clerical and service
occupations. While 17 percent held professional or technical
jobs, perhaps related to their college studies, only 3 percent
of the teenage students held such jobs. The out-of-school
youth 20 to 24 who worked full time were far more likely
■FOOTNOTES1This report is based primarily on supplementary questions in the Oc
tober 1982 Current Population Survey ( c p s ), conducted and tabulated for
the Bureau o f Labor Statistics by the Bureau of the Census. Most data
relate to persons 16 to 24 years of age in the civilian noninstitutional
population in the week ending Oct. 16, 1982.
Sampling variability may be relatively large in cases where the numbers
are small. Small estimates, or small differences between estimates, should
be interpreted with caution. Standard errors for school age youth data were
published in Special Labor Force Report 241, Bureau of Labor Statistics.
For the most recent report in this series, see Anne McDougall Young.
“ Labor force patterns of students, graduates, and dropouts, 1981," Monthly
Labor Review, September 1982, pp. 3 9 -4 2 .
2 See Preliminary Estimates o f the Population o f the United States hv
Age, Sex and Race: 1970 to 1981, Current Population Reports, Series P 25, No. 917 (U .S. Bureau of the Census, 1982). table 3.
4
Appendix h , Explanatory N@f©
school education. Persons who had not graduated, that
is, school dropouts, were asked when they last attended
a regular school. Those who were enrolled in college at
the time o f the survey were also asked when they
graduated from high school.
Educational attainment applies to years o f school
completed in regular schools, which include graded
public, private, and parochial elementary and high
schools, colleges, universities, and professional schools,
whether day schools or night schools. Thus, regular
schooling is that which could be expected to advance a
person to an elementary certificate; a high school
diploma; or a college, university, or professional school
degree.
The civilian labor force comprises all civilians
classified as employed or unemployed in accordance
with the criteria described below.
Employed persons are (a) all civilians who, during the
survey week, did any work at all as paid employees, in
their own business, profession, or on their own farm, or
who worked 15 hours or more as unpaid workers in an
enterprise operated by a member o f the family; and (b)
all those who were not working but who had jobs or
businesses from which they were temporarily absent
because o f illness, bad weather, vacation, labormanagement disputes, or personal reasons, whether
they were paid for the time o ff or were seeking other
jobs. Each employed person is counted only once.
Those who held more than one job are counted in the
job at which they worked the greatest number o f hours
during the survey week.
Unemployed persons are all civilians who had no
employment during the survey week, were available for
work, except for temporary illness, and (a) had made
specific efforts to find employment sometime during the
prior 4 weeks, or (b) were waiting to be recalled to a job
from which they had been laid off, or (c) were waiting to
report to a new job within 30 days.
Duration o f unemployment represents the length of
time (through the current survey week) during which
persons classified as unemployed had been continuously
looking for work. For persons on layoff, duration o f
unemployment represents the number o f full weeks
since the termination o f their most recent employment.
A period o f 2 weeks or more during which a person was
employed or ceased looking for work is considered to
break the continuity o f the present period o f seeking
work. Measurements o f mean and median duration are
Statistics on the labor force, employment, unemploy
ment, and persons not in the labor force, classified by a
variety o f demographic, social, and economic
characteristics are derived from the Current Population
Survey (CPS), which is conducted by the Bureau o f the
Census for the Bureau o f Labor Statistics. The informa
tion is collected by trained interviewers from a sample
o f about 60,000 households, representing 629 areas in
1,148 counties and independent cities, with coverage in
50 States and the District o f Columbia.
The estimates in this bulletin are based on supplemen
tary questions in the October 1980, 1981, and 1982 CPS.
These estimates relate to persons 16 to 34 years o f age in
the civilian noninstitutional population in the calendar
week which included October 12th of each year.
C©oe@pts and Definitions
The concepts, definitions, and estimating methods us
ed in the survey, as well as indicators o f the reliability of
the data are briefly described below. A more detailed
description of the survey appears in Concepts and
Methods Used in Labor Force Statistics Derived From
the Current Population Survey, BLS Report 463, and in
the Explanatory Notes o f the BLS monthly publication,
Employment and Earnings.
School enrollment statistics are based on replies to the
inquiry as to whether the person was enrolled in day or
night school in any type of public, parochial, or other
private school in the regular school system. Such
schools include elementary schools, junior or senior
high schools, and colleges or universities. Persons
enrolled in special schools not in the regular school
system, such as trade schools or business colleges, are
not included. Persons enrolled in classes which do not
require their physical presence such as correspondence
courses or other courses o f independent study, and
training courses given directly on the job, are not
reported as enrolled in school.
Full- and part-time enrollment is defined as follows:
A person is classified as enrolled full time if he or she is
taking 12 or more hours of classes during an average
school week; part time if taking fewer hours.
High school graduation status is based on replies to
the following inquiries. Persons who were not enrolled
in school at the time o f the survey were asked whether
they had graduated from high school. Those who had
graduated were asked when they completed their high
5
whom they are related by blood or marriage.
Hours o f work statistics relate to the actual number
o f hours worked during the survey week. For example,
persons who normally work 40 hours a week but were
off on the Columbus Day holiday would be reported as
working 32 hours even though they were paid for the
holiday. For persons working in more than one job, the
figures relate to the number of hours worked in all jobs
during the week; all the hours are credited to the major
job.
Full-time workers are persons who worked 35 hours
or more during the survey week. Part-time workers are
those who worked 1 to 34 hours during the survey week.
Age is based on the age o f the respondent at his or her
last birthday.
White, black, and other are terms used to describe the
race of workers. Included in the “ other” group are
American Indians, Alaskan Natives, Asians, and
Pacific Islanders, and any other race except white and
black. All tables in this bulletin which contain racial
data present data for the black population group.
Because of their relatively small sample size, data for
“ other” races are not published. In the enumeration
process, race is determined by the household respon
dent.
Hispanic origin refers to persons who identified
themselves in the enumeration process as Mexican,
Puerto Rican living on the mainland, Cuban, Central or
South American, or of other Hispanic origin or descent.
Persons of Hispanic origin may be o f any race; thus
they are included in both the white and black population
groups.
Single, never married; married, spouse present; and
other marital status are terms used to define the marital
status o f individuals at the time o f interview. Married ,
spouse present, applies to husband and wife if both were
reported as members o f the same household even
though one may be temporarily absent on business,
vacation, on a visit, in a hospital, etc. Other marital
status applies to persons who are married, spouse ab
sent; widowed; or divorced. Married, spouse absent, in
cludes persons who are separated because of marital
discord, as well as persons who are living apart because
either the husband or the wife was employed and living
away from home, serving in the Armed Forces, or had a
different place o f residence for any reason.
computed from a distribution of single weeks of
unemployment.
Unemployment is also categorized according to the
status o f individuals at the time they began to look for
work. The reasons for unemployment are divided into
four major groups. (1) Job losers are persons whose
emloyment ended involuntarily who immediately began
looking for work, and persons on layoff. (2) Job leavers
are persons who quit or otherwise terminated their
employment voluntarily and immediately began looking
for work. (3) Reentrants are persons who previously
worked at a full-time job lasting 2 weeks or longer but
were out o f the labor force prior to beginning to look
for work. (4) New entrants are persons who never work
ed at a full-time job lasting 2 weeks or longer.
The unemployment rate fo r all civilian workers
represents the number unemployed as a percent of the
civilian labor force. This measure can also be computed
for groups within the labor force classified by sex, age,
race, Hispanic origin, marital status, etc.
Not in the labor force includes all persons who are not
classified as employed or unemployed. These persons
are further classified as engaged in own home
housework, in school, unable to work because of long
term physical or mental illness, retired, and other. The
“ other” group includes individuals reported as too old
or temporarily unable to work, the voluntarily idle,
seasonal workers for whom the survey week fell in an
o ff season and who were not reported as looking for
work, and persons who did not look for work because
they believed that no jobs were available in the area or
that no jobs were available for which they could qualifydiscouraged workers. Persons doing only incidental,
unpaid family work (less than 15 hours in the specified
week) are also classified as not in labor force.
Occupation, industry, and class o f worker for the
employed apply to the job held in the survey week. Per
sons with two or more jobs are classified in the job at
which they worked the greatest number of hours during
the survey week. The unemployed are classified accord
ing to their last full-time job lasting 2 weeks or more.
The classifications o f occupations and industries used in
data derived from the CPS through 1982 are defined as
in the 1970 census. Information on the detailed
categories included in these groups is available upon
request.
The class-of-worker breakdown specifies wage and
salary workers, self-employed workers, and unpaid
family workers. Wage and salary workers receive wages,
salaries, commissions, tips, or pay in kind from a
private employer or from a government unit. Selfemployed persons are those who work for profit or fees
in their own business, profession, or trade, or operate a
farm. Unpaid family workers are persons working
without pay for 15 hours a week or more on a farm or in
a business operated by a member of the household to
E s tim atin g ila th o d s
The estimating procedure used in this survey inflates
weighed sample results to independent estimates o f the
civilian noninstitutional population by age, sex, race,
and residence. These independent estimates are based
on data from the 1980 census and other statistics on
births, deaths, immigration, emigration, and the Armed
Forces.
6
R oynding ©f th@ ©animates
The following examples illustrate the use o f these tables.
Table B-4 o f the supplementary tables show that
3.628.000 men 16 to 24 years old enrolled in school were
in the labor force in October 1982. The population of
this sex-age group, both enrolled and not enrolled, was
17,938,000. Table A -l shows the standard error on the
labor force estimate to be approximately 73,600. Thus,
the chances are about 68 out of 100 that the difference
between the sample estimate and a complete census
count would be less than 73,600. The chances are 95 out
o f 100 that the difference would be less than 147,200.
The 3,628,000 men represented 45.4 percent of the
total 16- to 24-year-old male population enrolled in
school. Table A-4 shows the standard error of 45.4 per
cent with a base of 7,991,000 (population) to be about
0.8 percent. Consequently, the chances are 68 out of 100
that a complete census count would have disclosed the
figure to be between 44.6 and 46.2 percent, and 95 out
of 100 that the figure would have been between 43.8 and
47.0
percent.
The reliability of an estimated percentage, computed
using sample data for both numerator and denominator,
depends upon both the size o f the percentage and the
total upon which the percentage is based. Estimated
percentages are relatively more reliable than the cor
responding estimates of the numerator of the percent
ages; this is particularly true for percentages of 50 percent
or more. As a general rule, percentages are not published
when the monthly base of the measure is less than 75,000.
Because of the large standard errors involved, there is little
chance that summary measures would reveal useful infor
mation when computed on a smaller base. Estimated
numbers are shown, however, even though the relative
standard errors of these numbers are larger than those for
corresponding percentages. These smaller estimates are
provided primarily to permit such combinations of the
categories as serve each user’s needs.
The sums of individual items may not always equal
the totals shown in the same tables because o f indepen
dent rounding of the totals and components to the
nearest thousand. Similarily, sums o f percent distribu
tions may not always equal 100 percent because of round
ing. Differences, however, are insignificant.
R e liab ility ©f
e s tim a te s
Since the estimates are based on a sample, they may
differ somewhat from the figures that would have been
obtained if a complete census had been taken using the
same schedules and procedures. As in any survey, the
results are also subject to errors of response and report
ing. These may be relatively large in the case of persons
with irregular attachment to the labor force. Particular
care should be exercised in the interpretation of figures
based on relatively small estimates as well as small dif
ferences between estimates.
The standard error is primarily a measure of sampling
variability, that is, of the variations that might occur by
chance because a sample rather than the entire popula
tion is surveyed. As calculated for this bulletin, the stand
ard error also partially measures the effect of response
and the enumeration errors but does not measure any
systematic biases in the data. The chances are about 68
out o f 100 that an estimate differs from a complete cen
sus by less than the standard error. The chances are
about 95 out of 100 that the difference would be less
than twice the standard error.
Tables A -l through A-4 show approximations of the
standard errors of estimated numbers and percentages
at the 68-percent confidence level, and should be inter
preted as providing an indication of the order of
magnitude of the standard error rather than a precise
standard error for any specific item. Standard errors for
intermediate values may be obtained by interpolation.
7
Table A -1 . Standard errors for estim ated numbers of total or w hite persons
(In thousands)
Total persons in age group
100
1 0 .................................................................
2 0 .................................................................
3 0 .................................................................
4 0 .................................................................
5 0 .................................................................
7 5 .................................................................
1 0 0 ...............................................................
200 ...............................................................
300 ...............................................................
400 ...............................................................
500 ...............................................................
750 ...............................................................
1,000.............................................................
2,000.............................................................
3,000. . .........................................................
4,000.............................................................
5,000.............................................................
7,500.............................................................
10,000...........................................................
20,000...........................................................
30,000...........................................................
40,000...........................................................
50,000...........................................................
75,000...........................................................
100,000.........................................................
250
500
1,000
2,500
5,000
10,000
4.3
5.7
6.5
7.0
7.1
6.1
4.4
6.1
7.3
8.2
9.0
10.3
11.0
9.0
-
4.4
6.2
7.5
8.6
9.5
11.3
12.7
15.5
15.5
12.7
-
4.5
6.3
7.7
8.8
9.8
11.8
13.5
18.0
20.6
22.0
22.4
19.4
4.5
6.3
7.7
8.9
9.9
12.1
13.9
19.2
23.1
26.0
28.4
32.5
34.8
28.4
4.5
6.3
7.8
9.0
10.0
12.2
14.1
19.9
24.2
27.8
30.9
37.4
42.6
56.8
65.1
69.6
71.0
61.6
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
4.5
6.3
7.7
8.9
10.0
12.2
14.0
19.7
23.8
27.2
30.1
35.8
40.1
49.2
49.1
40.1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
_
_
25,000
50,000
100,000
4.5
6.3
7.8
9.0
10.0
12.3
14.2
20.0
24.4
28.2
31.4
38.3
44.0
60.9
72.9
82.2
90.0
102.7
109.7
88.8
4.5
6.3
7.8
9.0
10.0
12.3
14.2
20.0
24.5
28.3
31.6
38.6
44.4
62.2
75.4
86.1
95.2
113.4
127.0
155.8
156.3
128.7
4.5
6.3
7.8
9.0
10.0
12.3
14.2
20.0
24.5
28.3
31.7
38.7
44.7
62.8
76.6
88.0
97.8
118.2
134.7
179.7
206.0
220.4
225.2
196.3
-
_
_
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Table A -2 . Standard errors for estim ated numbers of black persons
(In thousands)
Total persons in age group
100
1 0 .............................................................................
2 0 .............................................................................
3 0 .............................................................................
4 0 .............................................................................
50 . . . ....................................................................
7 5 .............................................................................
1 0 0 ...........................................................................
200 ...........................................................................
300 .............. ............................................................
400 ...........................................................................
500 ...........................................................................
750 ...........................................................................
1,000........................................................................
2,000.........................................................................
3,000........................................................................
4,000........................................................................
5,000.........................................................................
7,500.........................................................................
10,000......................................................................
250
500
1,000
2,500
5,000
10,000
4.5
5.9
6.6
6.9
6.8
4.5
4.7
6.5
7.7
6.9
9.5
10.9
11.7
9.5
4.7
6.6
8.0
9.1
10.1
12.0
13.5
16.5
16.5
13.5
-
4.7
6.7
8.1
9.3
10.4
12.5
14.3
19.0
21.8
23.3
23.8
20.6
-
4.7
6.7
8.2
9.4
10.5
12.8
14.7
20.4
24.5
27.6
30.1
34.5
36.9
30.1
4.8
6.7
8.2
9.5
10.6
13.0
15.0
21.1
25.7
29.5
32.8
39.6
45.1
60.2
68.9
73.7
75.2
65.0
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
_
-
_
-
_
-
-
4.8
6.7
8.2
9.5
10.6
12.9
14.9
20.9
25.3
28.9
31.9
38.0
42.6
52.1
52.1
42.6
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
-
_
_
Table A -3 . Standard errors for estim ated numbers of Hispanlc-origln persons
(In thousands)
Size of estimate
Standard
2 5 .................................................................
5 0 .................................................................
1 0 0 ...............................................................
250 ...............................................................
500 ...............................................................
1,000.............................................................
7
10
14
24
30
58
TabS@
Size of estimate
Standard error
2,500
5 000
10 000
25 000
50’000
100,000
119
217
413
Standard errors for estim ated percentages for total or w hite persons
(In thousands)
Estimated percentage
Base of percentage
1 or 99
2 5 ................................................................
5 0 ................................................................
1 0 0 ...............................................................
250 ..............................................................
500 ..............................................................
1,000............................................................
2,500............................................................
5,000............................................................
10,000..........................................................
25,000..........................................................
50,000..........................................................
100,000................................ ........................
2 or 98
5 or 95
10 or 90
25 or 75
50
2.8
2.0
1.4
.9
.6
.4
.3
.2
.14
.09
.06
.04
4.0
2.8
2.0
1.3
.9
.6
.4
.3
.2
.13
.09
.06
6.2
4.4
3.1
2.0
1.4
1.0
.6
.4
.3
. .2
.14
.10
8.5
6.0
4.3
2.7
1.9
1.3
.9
.6
.4
.3
.2
.13
12.3
8.7
6.1
3.9
2.7
1.9
1.2
.9
.6
.4
.3
.2
14.2
10.0
7.1
4.5
3.2
2.2
1.4
1.0
.7
4
.3
.2
note: To estimate standard errors for the black population enrolled in
school, multiply the standard errors by a factor of 1.06; to estimate standard
errors for persons of Hispanic origin, multiply the standard errors by a factor
of 1.3.
9
Appendix B. Supplementary TaEbBos
Table B-1. Employment status of the population 16 to 24 years old by school enrollm ent, years o f school com pleted, and sex,
October 1980
(Numbers In thousands)
Civilian labor force
Enrollment status, years of school completed,
sex, and age
Civilian
noninstitutional
population
Unemployed
Total
Percent of
population
Employed
Number
Percent of
labor force
ENROLLED
Total, 16 to 24 years...........................................
16 to 19 years..................................................
20 to 24 years ..................................................
15,713
11,126
4,587
7,454
4,836
2,618
47.4
43.5
57.1
6,438
4,029
2,405
1,021
807
214
13.7
16.7
8.2
High school.......................................................
College...............................................................
Full-time students...........................................
Part-time students..........................................
8,050
7,664
6,396
1,268
3,461
3,996
2,854
1,142
43.0
52.1
44.6
90.1
2,805
3,632
2,554
1,077
656
364
300
65
19.0
9.1
10.5
5.7
Men, 16 to 24 years.........................................
16 to 19 years ...............................................
20 to 24 years ...............................................
7,997
5,612
2,385
3,825
2,403
1,320
47.8
44.6
55.3
3,259
2,045
1,214
566
459
107
14.8
18.3
8.1
High school ....................................................
College............................................................
Full-time students........................................
Part-time students .......................................
4,188
3,808
3,267
541
1,871
1,954
1,448
506
44.7
51.3
44.3
93.5
1,503
1,756
1,286
470
368
198
162
36
19.7
10.1
11.2
7.1
Women, 16 to 24 years....................................
16 to 19 years ................................................
20 to 24 years ...............................................
7,716
5,514
2,202
3,629
2,332
1,297
47.0
42.3
58.9
3,179
1,988
1,191
455
348
107
12.5
14.9
8.2
High school ....................................................
College............................................................
Full-time students........................................
Part-time students .......................................
3,862
3,856
3,129
727
1,590
2,042
1,406
636
41.2
53.0
44.9
87.5
1,302
1,876
1,268
607
288
166
138
29
18.1
8.1
9.8
4.6
Total, 16 to 24 years...........................................
16 to 19 years ..........................................................
20 to 24 ye a rs..................................................
21,390
5,322
16,068
17,464
4,124
13,340
81.6
77.5
83.0
15,021
3,314
11,707
2,443
809
1,634
14.0
19.6
12.2
Less than 4 years of high school....................
16 to 19 years ...............................................
20 to 24 years ...............................................
4 years of high school......................................
1 to 3 years of college.....................................
4 years of college or m ore ..............................
5,230
2,019
3,211
11,654
3,038
1,467
3,530
1,297
2,233
9,809
2,716
1,408
67.5
64.2
69.5
84.2
89.4
96.0
2,638
920
1,721
8,580
2,477
1,326
892
378
513
1,229
239
82
25.3
29.1
23.0
12.5
8.8
5.8
Men, 16 to 24 ye a rs.........................................
16 to 19 years ...............................................
20 to 24 years ...............................................
10,245
2,596
7,649
9,405
2,230
7,175
91.8
85.9
93.8
7,996
1,781
6,215
1,406
447
959
14.9
20.0
13.4
Less than 4 years of high school .................
16 to 19 years.......... ;..................................
20 to 24 years.............................................
4 years of high school...................................
1 to 3 years of college..................................
4 years of college or more ............................
2,756
1,051
1,705
5,502
1,311
676
2,310
816
1,494
5,167
1,259
666
83.8
77.6
87.6
93.9
96.0
98.5
1,767
600
1,168
4,470
1,135
624
543
216
326
697
124
42
23.5
26.5
21.8
13.5
9.8
6.3
Women, 16 to 24 years....................................
16 to 19 years ...............................................
20 to 24 years ...............................................
11,145
2,726
8,419
8,059
1,894
6,165
72.3
69.5
73.2
7,025
1,533
5,492
1,037
362
675
12.9
19.1
10.9
Less than 4 years of high school .................
16 to 19 years..............................................
20 to 24 years..............................................
4 years of high school...................................
1 to 3 years of college..................................
4 years of college or more ............................
2,474
968
1,506
6,152
1,727
791
1,220
482
740
4,642
1,457
742
49.3
49.8
49.1
75.5
84.4
93.8
871
320
553
4,110
1,342
702
349
162
187
532
115
40
28.6
33.7
25.3
11.5
7.9
5.4
NOT ENROLLED
10
J
Tab!© 8-2. Employment status ©f the population 16 to 24 years old by school enrollm ent, years olf school com pleted, race,
Hispanic origin, and s ®k , O ctober 1®SQ
{Numbers In thousands)
Civilian labor force
Enrollment status, years of school completed,
race, Hispanic origin, and sex
WHITE
Total, 16 to 24 years................................
Civilian
noninstitutional
population
Unemployed
Total
Percent of
population
Employed
Number
Percent of
labor force
31,345
21,811
69.6
19,210
2,601
11.9
Total, 16 to 24 years...........................................
16 to 19 years......... ........................................
20 to 24 ye a rs..................................................
13,242
9,270
3,972
6,690
4,368
2,322
50.5
47.1
58.5
5,892
3,722
2,170
798
646
152
11.9
14.8
6.5
M e n ...................................................................
Women .............................................................
6,821
6,421
3,439
3,251
50.4
50.6
2,997
2,895
442
356
12.9
11.0
High school......... .............................................
College..............................................................
Full-time students...........................................
Part-time students..........................................
6,566
6,678
5,567
1,109
3,096
3,592
2,579
1,012
47.2
53.8
46.3
91.3
2,579
3,310
2,349
960
517
282
230
52
16.7
7.9
8.9
5.1
Total, 16 to 24 years...........................................
16 to 19 years..................................................
20 to 24 ye a rs..................................................
18,103
4,511
13,592
15,121
3,628
11,493
83.5
80.4
84.6
13,318
3,028
10,290
1,803
600
1,203
11.9
16.5
10.5
M e n ...................................................................
Women .............................................................
8,714
9,389
8,145
6,976
93.5
74.3
7,075
6,243
1,070
733
13.1
10.5
Less than 4 years of high school....................
16 to 19 years ...............................................
20 to 24 ye a rs...............................................
4 years of high school......................................
1 to 3 years of college.....................................
4 years of college or m ore..............................
4,166
1,665
2,501
10,025
2,588
1,324
2,931
1,121
1,810
8,597
2,340
1,255
70.4
67.2
72.3
85.8
90.4
94.8
2,298
826
1,472
7,669
2,172
1,183
633
295
338
928
168
72
21.6
26.3
18.7
10.8
7.2
5.7
BLACK
Total, 16 to 24 years................................
4,892
2,650
54.2
1,857
793
29.9
Total, 16 to 24 years...........................................
16 to 19 ye a rs..................................................
20 to 24 ye a rs..................................................
2,028
1,566
462
595
374
221
29.3
23.9
47.8
406
236
170
189
138
51
31.8
36.9
23.1
M e n ....................................................................
W om en..............................................................
952
1,076
305
290
32.0
27.0
197
209
108
81
35.4
27.9
High school.......................................................
College...............................................................
Full-time students...........................................
Part-time students..........................................
1,282
747
641
106
294
300
216
84
22.9
40.2
33.7
79.2
174
230
151
78
120
70
65
6
40.8
23.5
29.9
7.1
Total, 16 to 24 years...........................................
16 to 19 ye a rs..................................................
20 to 24 ye a rs..................................................
2,864
723
2,141
2,055
440
1,615
71.8
60.9
75.4
1,451
239
1,212
604
201
403
29.4
45.7
25.0
M e n ...................................................................
Women ..............................................................
1,322
1,542
1,089
966
82.4
62.6
774
677
315
289
28.9
29.9
Less than 4 years of high school....................
16 to 19 ye a rs ................................................
20 to 24 years ................................................
4 years of high school......................................
1 to 3 years of college.....................................
4 years of college or m o re ..............................
955
318
635
1,431
372
106
543
157
384
1,106
305
103
56.9
49.4
60.5
77.3
82.0
97.2
305
80
223
816
237
97
238
77
161
290
68
6
44.0
49.0
41.9
26.2
22.3
5.8
Enrolled!
Mott ©molted
Enrolled
M 6 snrolted
@
See footnotes at end of table.
11
Table B-2. Employment status o f the population 16 to 24 years old by school enrollm ent, years of school com pleted, race,
Hispanic origin, and sex, October 1980— Continued
(lu m b e rs In thousands)
___________________________ __
Civilian labor force
Enrollment status, years of school completed,
race, Hispanic origin, and sex
Civilian
noninstitutional
population
Unemployed
Percent of
population
Total
Employed
Number
Percent of
labor force
HISPANIC ORIGIN
2,624
1,638
62.4
1,396
242
14.8
Total, 16 to 24 years...........................................
16 to 19 ye a rs..................................................
20 to 24 ye a rs..................................................
920
705
215
382
242
140
41.5
34.3
65.1
312
188
124
66
53
13
17.3
21.9
9.3
M e n ...................................................................
Women ..............................................................
455
465
208
174
45.7
37.4
171
141
37
29
17.8
16.7
High school.......................................................
College...............................................................
Full-time students...........................................
Part-time students..........................................
579
341
255
86
186
196
120
78
32.1
57.5
47.1
90.7
143
173
108
67
43
23
12
11
23.1
11.7
10.0
14.1
Total, 16 to 24 years...........................................
16 to 19 ye a rs..................................................
20 to 24 ye a rs..................................................
1,704
487
1,217
1,256
343
913
73.7
70.4
75.0
1,084
269
815
172
74
98
13.7
21.6
10.7
M e n ...................................................................
Women .............................................................
840
864
753
503
89.6
58.2
644
440
106
60
14.1
11.9
Less than 4 years of high school....................
16 to 19 years ...............................................
20 to 24 years ...............................................
4 years of high school......................................
1 to 3 years of college.....................................
4 years of college or m ore..............................
922
335
586
589
155
38
622
209
411
473
127
34
67.5
62.4
70.1
80.3
81.9
0
517
160
355
421
123
30
105
49
56
52
4
4
16.9
23.4
13.6
11.0
3.1
O
Total, 16 to 24 years................................
Enrolled
Not enrolled
1 Data not shown where base is less than 75,000.
NOTE: Detail for the above race and Hispanic-origin groups will not
sum to totals because data for the “ other races” group are not presented
and Hispanics are included in both white and black population groups.
12
Table B-3. School enrollm ent and employment status o f 1981 high school graduates and 1980-81 school dropouts 16 to 24
years old by sex, race, and Hispanic © rifin, October 1©i1
(Numbers in thousands)
Civilian labor force
Characteristic
Civilian
noninstitutional
population
Unemployed
Percent of
population
Total
Employed
Number
Percent of
labor force
Total, 1981 high school g rad u ates ...................
3,053
1,899
62.2
1,524
375
19.7
M e n ...................................................................
Women .............................................................
1,490
1,563
927
972
62.2
62.2
772
752
155
220
16.7
22.6
W hite.................................................................
B lack.................................................................
Hispanic origin..................................................
2,624
358
146
1,674
189
77
63.8
52.8
52.7
1,406
93
61
268
96
16
16.0
50.8
20.8
Enrolled in college...........................................
1,646
719
43.7
597
122
17.0
Men ................................................................
Women...........................................................
816
830
341
378
41.8
45.5
300
297
41
81
12.0
21.4
Full-time students...........................................
Part-time students..........................................
1,520
126
612
107
40.3
84.9
499
98
113
9
18.5
8.4
W hite..............................................................
Black ..............................................................
Hispanic origin ...............................................
1,434
154
76
644
47
27
44.9
30.5
35.5
552
27
25
92
20
2
14.3
O
0
Not enrolled in college.....................................
1,407
1,180
83.9
927
253
21.4
Men ................................................................
Women...........................................................
674
733
586
594
86.9
81.0
472
455
114
139
19.5
23.4
W hite..............................................................
B la ck..............................................................
Hispanic origin ...............................................
1,190
204
70
1,030
142
50
86.6
69.6
O
854
66
36
176
76
14
17.1
53.5
(')
Total, 1980-81 high school dropouts2 ..............
714
450
63.2
286
164
36.4
M e n ...................................................................
Women .............................................................
S ingle.............................................................
Other marital status .......................................
366
348
275
73
271
179
146
35
74.0
51.7
53.1
O
192
94
78
18
79
85
68
17
29.2
47.5
46.6
O
W hite.................................................................
B lack.................................................................
Hispanic origin ..................................................
532
165
91
363
77
63
68.2
46.7
69.2
257
22
41
106
55
22
29.2
71.4
(’)
1 Data not shown where base is less than 75,000.
2 Persons who dropped out of school between October 1980 and
October 1981. In addition, 78,000 persons 14 and 15 years old dropped
out of school.
NOTE: Detail for the above race and Hispanic-origin groups will not
sum to totals because data for the “ other races” group are not presented
and Hispanics are included in both the white and black population groups.
13
Table B-4. Employment status of the population 16 to 34 years old by school enrollment, age, sex, and race,
October 1981-82
(Numbers in thousands)
Enrolled in school
Not enrolled in school
Civilian labor force
Age, sex, and race
Civilian
noninstitutional
population
Civilian labor force
Unemployed
Total
Percent of
population
Employed
Num
ber
Percent
of
labor
force
Civilian
noninstitutional
population
Unemployed
Total
Percent of
population
Employed
Num
ber
Percent
of
labor
force
1981
TOTAL
16 to 34 years..............
16 to 24 years...........
16 to 19 ye a rs.........
16 to 17 years ......
18 to 19 years ......
20 to 24 years .........
20 to 21 years ......
22 to 24 years ......
25 to 34 years...........
25 to 29 ye a rs........
30 to 34 years .........
18,937
15,908
11,208
7,232
3,976
4,700
2,643
2,057
3,028
1,774
1,254
9,635
7,352
4,706
2,892
1,814
2,646
1,375
1,271
2,283
1,296
987
50.9
46.2
42.0
40.0
45.6
56.3
52.0
61.8
75.4
73.0
78.7
8,433
6,292
3,853
2,351
1,501
2,439
1,260
1,179
2,141
1,209
932
1,203
1,060
854
541
312
207
115
92
142
87
55
12.5
14.4
18.1
18.7
17.2
7.8
8.3
7.2
6.2
6.7
5.6
56,054
21,037
4,887
748
4,139
16,150
5,722
10,428
35,018
18,006
17,012
45,876
17,231
3,776
442
3,334
13,455
4,816
8,639
28,645
14,743
13,902
81.8
81.9
77.3
59.0
80.6
83.3
84.2
82.8
81.8
81.9
81.7
41,177
14,651
2,925
302
2,624
11,726
4,066
7,660
26,526
13,538
12,988
4,698
2,580
850
140
711
1,729
750
979
2,119
1,205
914
10.2
15.0
22.5
31.7
21.3
12.9
15.6
11.3
7.4
8.2
6.6
9,628
8,149
5,683
3,665
2,018
2,467
1,301
1,166
1,479
926
553
4,974
3,803
2,448
1,548
900
1,355
659
696
1,170
705
465
51.7
46.7
43.1
42.2
44.6
54.9
50.7
59.7
79.1
76.2
84.1
4,359
3,261
2,024
1,265
759
1,237
593
644
1,098
653
445
615
542
424
284
141
118
66
52
72
53
20
12.4
14.3
17.3
18.3
15.6
8.7
10.0
7.4
6.2
7.4
4.3
27,099
10,018
2,353
375
1,978
7,664
2,755
4,909
17,081
8,734
8,347
25,638
9,185
2,019
265
1,754
7,166
2,577
4,589
16,454
8,388
8,066
94.6
91.7
85.8
70.5
88.7
93.5
93.5
93.5
96.3
96.0
96.6
23,149
7,788
1,585
190
1,395
6,203
2,175
4,028
15,361
7,719
7,642
2,489
1,397
434
74
359
963
402
561
1,093
668
424
9.7
15.2
21.5
28.1
20.5
13.4
15.6
12.2
6.6
8.0
5.3
9,308
7,759
5,526
3,567
1,958
2,233
1,343
891
1,549
848
702
4,661
3,549
2,258
1,344
914
1,291
716
575
1,113
591
522
50.1
45.7
40.9
37.7
46.7
57.8
53.3
64.6
71.8
69.7
74.4
4,074
3,031
1,829
1,087
742
1,202
667
535
1,043
556
487
588
518
429
258
172
89
49
40
70
35
35
12.6
14.6
19.0
19.2
18.8
6.9
6.8
7.0
6.3
5.8
6.7
28,956
11,019
2,533
373
2,161
8,486
2,966
5,519
17,937
9,272
8,664
20,238
8,046
1,757
177
1,580
6,289
2,239
4,050
12,191
6,355
5,836
69.9
73.0
69.4
47.5
73.1
74.1
75.5
73.4
68.0
68.5
67.4
18,028
6,863
1,340
111
1,229
5,523
1,891
3,632
11,165
5,819
5,346
2,209
1,183
417
65
351
766
348
418
1,026
536
490
10.9
14.7
23.7
37.0
22.2
12.2
15.6
10.3
8.4
8.4
8.4
Men
16 to 34 years..............
16 to 24 years...........
16 to 19 ye a rs.........
16 to 17 years ......
18 to 19 years ......
20 to 24 ye a rs.........
20 to 21 years ......
22 to 24 years ......
25 to 34 years...........
25 to 29 years .........
30 to 34 ye a rs.........
Women
16 to 34 years..............
16 to 24 years...........
16 to 19 ye a rs.........
16 to 17 years ......
18 to 19 years ......
20 to 24 years.........
20 to 21 years ......
22 to 24 years ......
25 to 34 years...........
25 to 29 years........
30 to 34 years ........
See footnote at end of table.
14
Table 1=4. Employment status of the population 16 to 34 years old by school enrollm ent, age, sex, and race,
October 1981=82— Continued
(Numbers in thousands)
Not enrolled in school
Enrolled in school
Civilian labor force
Civilian labor force
Age, sex, and race
Civilian
noninstitutional
population
Unemployed
Total
Percent of
population
Employed
Num
ber
Percent
of
labor
force
Civilian
noninstitutional
population
Unemployed
Total
Percent of
population
Employed
Num
ber
Percent
of
labor
force
1981
WHITE
16 to 34 years..............
16 to 24 years...........
16 to 19 ye a rs.........
16 to 17 years ......
18 to 19 years ......
20 to 24 years ........
20 to 21 years ......
22 to 24 years ......
25 to 34 years...........
25 to 29 years ........
30 to 34 ye a rs........
15,800
13,312
9,285
5,990
3,295
4,027
2,306
1,720
2,488
1,432
1,056
8,510
6,577
4,242
2,656
1,586
2,335
1,251
1,085
1,933
1,097
836
53.9
49.4
45.7
44.3
48.1
58.0
54.2
63.1
77.7
76.6
79.2
7,575
5,755
3,579
2,213
1,366
2,176
1,156
1,019
1,821
1,024
797
935
823
663
443
220
160
94
66
112
73
40
11.0
12.5
15.6
16.7
13.9
6.8
7.5
6.0
5.8
6.6
4.8
47,880
17,797
4,132
633
3,499
13,665
4,771
8,895
30,083
15,390
14,693
39,627
14,898
3,309
400
2,909
11,589
4,120
7,468
24,729
12,700
12,029
82.8
83.7
80.1
63.2
83.1
84.8
86.4
84.0
82.2
82.5
81.9
36,210
13,043
2,682
280
2,402
10,361
3,605
6,757
23,166
11,827
11,339
3,417
1,854
627
120
507
1,227
516
711
1,563
873
689
8.6
12.4
18.9
30.0
17.4
10.6
12.5
9.5
6.3
6.9
5.7
8,080
6,853
4,706
3,053
1,653
2,147
1,152
995
1,227
762
465
4,441
3,432
2,228
1,439
789
1,204
600
604
1,010
607
403
55.0
50.1
47.3
47.1
47.8
56.1
52.0
60.8
82.3
79.6
86.6
3,928
2,979
1,879
1,196
684
1,100
538
562
949
562
387
513
453
348
243
105
104
61
43
61
45
16
11.6
1$.2
15.6
16.9
13.4
8.6
10.2
7.1
6.0
7.4
3.9
23,463
8,562
2,025
322
1,703
6,537
2,312
4,225
14,901
7,592
7,309
22,458
7,996
1,786
238
1,548
6,210
2,199
4,011
14,461
7,362
7,099
95.7
93.4
88.2
74.1
90.9
95.0
95.1
94.9
97.1
97.0
97.1
20,600
6,951
1,457
174
1,282
5,494
1,921
3,573
13,649
6,876
6,773
1,858
1,045
330
64
266
716
279
437
812
486
326
8.3
13.1
18.5
26.8
17.2
11.5
12.7
10.9
5.6
6.6
4.6
7,720
6,459
4,579
2,937
1,642
1,879
1,154
725
1,261
670
591
4,069
3,145
2,014
1,218
796
1,131
651
480
923
490
434
52.7
48.7
44.0
41.5
48.5
60.2
56.4
66.2
73.2
73.1
73.4
3,647
2,775
1,699
1,018
682
1,076
618
458
872
462
410
422
370
315
200
114
56
33
23
52
27
24
10.4
11.8
15.6
16.4
14.4
4.9
5.0
4.8
5.6
5.6
5.6
24,417
9,235
2,107
311
1,796
7,129
2,459
4,670
15,182
7,798
7,384
17,169
6,902
1,523
161
1,362
5,379
1,921
3,458
10,268
5,338
4,929
70.3
74.7
72.3
51.9
75.8
75.5
78.1
74.0
67.6
68.5
66.8
15,610
6,093
1,226
105
1,120
4,867
1,684
3,183
9,517
4,951
4,566
1,559
809
297
56
242
511
237
274
750
388
363
9.1
11.7
19.5
34.6
17.7
9.5
12.4
7.9
7.3
7.3
7.4
Men
16 to 34 years..............
16 to 24 years...........
16 to 19 ye a rs........
16 to 17 years ......
18 to 19 years ......
20 to 24 years ........
20 to 21 years ......
22 to 24 years ......
25 to 34 years...........
25 to 29 years.........
30 to 34 years.........
Women
16 to 34 years..............
16 to 24 years...........
16 to 19 years........
16 to 17 years ......
18 to 19 years ......
20 to 24 years ........
20 to 21 years ......
22 to 24 years ......
25 to 34 years...........
25 to 29 ye a rs.........
30 to 34 years .........
See footnote at end of table.
15
Table B-4. Employment status of the population 16 to 34 years old by school enrollment, age, sex, and race,
October 1981=82— Continued
(Numbers in thousands)
Enrolled in school
Not enrolled in school
Civilian labor force
Age, sex, and race
Civilian
noninstitutional
population
Civilian labor force
Unemployed
Total
Percent of
population
Employed
Num
ber
Percent
of
labor
force
Civilian
noninstitutional
population
Unemployed
Total
Percent of
population
Employed
Num
ber
Percent
of
labor
force
1981
BLACK
16 to 34 years..............
16 to 24 years...........
16 to 19 years .........
16 to 17 years ......
18 to 19 years ......
20 to 24 years .........
20 to 21 years ......
22 to 24 years ......
25 to 34 years...........
25 to 29 years .........
30 to 34 years .........
2,460
2,082
1,598
1,054
544
485
257
228
377
235
143
859
597
368
198
170
229
95
134
262
143
119
34.9
28.7
23.0
18.8
31.3
47.3
37.1
58.7
69.5
60.9
83.6
626
389
201
111
91
188
75
112
237
130
107
233
208
167
87
80
42
20
22
25
13
12
27.1
34.9
45.3
44.0
46.9
18.1
21.0
16.1
9.5
8.8
10.2
6,839
2,850
684
100
584
2,166
840
1,325
3,989
2,139
1,850
5,287
2,085
425
33
392
1,659
624
1,036
3,203
1,691
1,512
77.3
73.1
62.1
33.1
67.1
76.6
74.2
78.1
80.3
79.1
81.7
4,109
1,405
213
13
199
1,192
405
787
2,705
1,396
1,308
1,178
680
212
20
193
467
219
249
498
295
204
22.3
32.6
50.0
0
49.2
28.2
35.0
24.0
15.6
17.4
13.5
1,183
1,011
807
527
279
204
102
103
172
115
57
402
278
175
95
80
103
41
62
124
78
46
34.0
27.5
21.7
18.0
28.6
50.4
40.6
60.1
72.2
67.9
82
74
64
33
31
10
4
5
8
6
2
20.3
26.6
36.4
34.9
38.3
9.9
3,071
1,292
304
45
259
987
392
595
1,780
946
834
2,682
1,066
215
20
194
851
343
508
1,617
847
769
87.3
82.5
70.5
75.1
86.2
87.4
85.4
90.8
89.6
92.3
2,094
733
113
10
103
620
228
392
1,361
683
677
588
332
101
10
91
231
115
116
256
164
92
21.9
31.2
47.2
0
320
204
111
62
49
93
37
56
116
72
45
1,277
1,072
791
526
265
281
155
126
205
120
85
457
319
193
103
91
126
54
72
138
65
73
35.8
29.8
24.4
19.5
34.3
45.0
34.8
57.5
67.2
54.1
85.6
306
185
90
49
41
95
38
56
121
58
63
151
134
103
54
49
31
15
16
17
7
16
33.1
42.1
53.4
52.4
54.4
24.8
(’)
3,768
1,558
380
55
325
1,178
448
730
2,209
1,193
1,017
2,605
1,019
211
13
197
808
281
527
1,586
844
742
69.1
65.4
55.4
(1
)
60.8
68.6
62.7
72.2
71.8
70.8
73.0
2,015
671
99
3
96
572
177
395
1,344
713
631
590
348
111
10
102
236
104
132
242
131
112
22.6
34.1
52.8
Men
16 to 34 years..............
16 to 24 years...........
16 to 19 ye a rs.........
16 to 17 years ......
18 to 19 years ......
20 to 24 ye a rs.........
20 to 21 years ......
22 to 24 years ......
25 to 34 years...........
25 to 29 years .........
30 to 34 years .........
0
0
6.3
7.8
0
O
O
46.8
27.2
33.5
22.9
15.8
19.4
12.0
Women
16 to 34 years..............
16 to 24 years...........
16 to 19 years .........
16 to 17 years ......
18 to 19 years ......
20 to 24 years .........
20 to 21 years ......
22 to 24 years ......
25 to 34 years...........
25 to 29 years .........
30 to 34 ye a rs.........
See footnote at end of table.
16
O
12.3
O
0
0
51.5
29.2
36.9
25.1
15.3
15.5
15.1
Talbl® B-4. Employment status of the population 18 to 34 years old by sehool enrollment, age, s ©h, and race,
Oetober 1981 "82—Continued
(Mumbers in thousands)
Not enrolled in school
Enrolled in school
Civilian labor force
Civilian labor force
Age, sex, and race
Civilian
noninstitutional
population
Unemployed
Total
Percent of
population
Employed
Num
ber
Percent
of
labor
force
Civilian
noninstitutional
population
Unemployed
Total
Percent of
population
Employed
Num
ber
Percent
of
labor
force
1982
TOTAL
16 to 34 years..............
16 to 24 years...........
16 to 19 ye a rs.........
16 to 17 years ......
18 to 19 years ......
20 to 24 ye a rs.........
20 to 21 years ......
22 to 24 years ......
25 to 34 years...........
25 to 29 ye a rs.........
30 to 34 ye a rs.........
18,721
15,624
10,728
6,891
3,837
4,897
2,777
2,120
3,097
1,935
1,162
9,498
7,195
4,399
2,653
1,745
2,796
1,448
1,349
2,303
1,408
895
50.7
46.0
41.0
38.5
45.5
57.1
52.1
63.6
74.4
72.8
77.0
8,147
5,994
3,483
2,053
1,430
2,511
1,300
1,210
2,153
1,295
858
T,351
1,201
915
600
315
286
147
138
150
112
38
14.2
16.7
20.8
22.6
18.1
10.2
10.2
10.3
6.5
8.0
4.2
56,415
20,828
4,901
715
4,186
15,926
5,393
10,533
35,587
18,301
17,286
46,160
16,882
3,709
433
3,277
13,173
4,455
8,717
29,278
15,169
14,109
81.8
81.1
75.7
60.6
78.3
82.7
82.6
82.8
82.3
82.9
81.6
39,984
13,753
2,701
265
2,436
11,052
3,617
7,436
26,231
13,414
12,817
6,176
3,129
1,009
168
841
2,120
839
1,282
3,047
1,756
1,291
13.4
18.5
27.2
38.8
25.7
16.1
18.8
14.7
10.4
11.6
9.2
9,499
7,991
5,457
3,520
1,937
2,534
1,392
1,142
1,508
1,002
506
4,804
3,628
2,211
1,364
847
1,417
708
709
1,175
765
410
50.6
45.4
40.5
38.8
43.7
55.9
50.9
62.1
77.9
76.4
81.0
4,045
2,956
1,719
1,028
691
1,237
623
614
1,089
698
391
759
673
493
336
157
180
85
96
86
67
19
15.8
18.5
22.3
24.6
18.5
12.7
12.0
13.5
7.3
8.7
4.7
27,320
9,947
2,359
335
2,024
7,588
2,564
5,024
17,373
8,879
8,494
25,735
9,057
1,971
250
1,721
7,086
2,347
4,739
16,679
8,510
8,169
94.2
91.0
83.6
74.6
85.0
93.4
91.5
94.3
96.0
95.8
96.2
22,283
7,314
1,428
137
1,291
5,886
1,896
3,990
14,969
7,492
7,477
3,452
1,742
542
113
429
1,200
451
748
1,710
1,018
692
13.4
19.2
27.5
45.2
24.9
16.9
19.2
15.8
10.3
12.0
8.5
9,222
7,633
5,270
3,371
1,899
2,363
1,385
978
1,589
933
656
4,694
3,566
2,187
1,289
898
1,379
740
639
1,128
643
485
50.9
46.7
41.5
38.2
47.3
58.4
53.4
65.4
71.0
68.9
74.0
4,102
3,038
1,765
1,025
740
1,274
677
597
1,064
597
467
592
528
423
264
159
105
63
43
64
46
18
12.6
14.8
19.3
20.5
17.7
7.6
8.5
6.7
5.6
7.1
3.7
29,095
10,881
2,543
380
2,163
8,338
2,829
5,509
18,214
9,422
8,792
20,425
7,826
1,739
183
1,556
6,087
2,108
3,979
12,599
6,659
5,940
70.2
71.9
68.4
48.2
71.9
73.0
74.5
72.2
69.2
70.7
67.6
17,701
6,439
1,272
128
1,144
5,166
1,721
3,445
11,262
5,922
5,340
2,724
1,387
466
55
411
921
387
533
1,337
737
600
13.3
17.7
26.8
30.0
26.4
15.1
18.4
13.4
10.6
11.1
10.1
Men
16 to 34 years..............
16 to 24 years...........
16 to 19 ye a rs.........
16 to 17 years ......
18 to 19 years ......
20 to 24 ye a rs.........
20 to 21 years ......
22 to 24 years ......
25 to 34 years...........
25 to 29 ye a rs........
30 to 34 ye a rs.........
Women
16 to 34 years..............
16 to 24 years...........
16 to 19 years.........
16 to 17 years ......
18 to 19 years ......
20 to 24 ye a rs........
20 to 21 years ......
22 to 24 years ......
25 to 34 years...........
25 to 29 ye a rs.........
30 to 34 years .........
See footnote at end of table.
17
Table IB-4. Employment status of the population 16 to 34 years old by school enrollment, age, sex, and race,
October 1981-82-—Continued
(Numbers in thousands)
Not enrolled in school
Enrolled in school
Civilian labor force
Civilian labor force
Age, sex, and race
Civilian
noninstitutional
population
Unemployed
Total
Percent of
population
Employed
Percent
of
labor
force
Num
ber
Civilian
noninstitutional
population
Unemployed
Total
Percent of
population
Employed
Num
ber
Percent
of
labor
force
1982
WHITE
16 to 34 years..............
16 to 24 years...........
16 to 19 ye a rs.........
16 to 17 years ......
18 to 19 years ......
20 to 24 ye a rs.........
20 to 21 years ......
22 to 24 years ......
25 to 34 years...........
25 to 29 years .........
30 to 34 ye a rs.........
15,624
13,011
8,873
5,677
3,196
4,137
2,404
1,733
2,613
1,646
967
8,376
6,398
3,967
2,421
1,547
2,431
1,296
1,135
1,978
1,220
758
53.6
49.2
44.7
42.6
48.4
58.8
53.9
65.5
75.7
74.1
78.4
7,329
5,456
3,223
1,923
1,301
2,233
1,189
1,044
1,873
1,148
725
1,048
942
744
498
246
198
108
91
105
72
33
12.5
14.7
18.7
20.6
15.9
8.2
8.3
8.0
5.3
5.9
4.4
47,820
17,480
4,078
608
3,470
13,403
4,451
8,952
30,340
15,511
14,829
39,583
14,457
3,199
380
2,818
11,258
3,751
7,507
25,126
12,962
12,164
82.8
82.7
78.4
62.6
81.2
84.0
84.3
83.9
82.8
83.6
82.0
35,035
12,193
2,442
239
2,202
9,751
3,167
6,584
22,842
11,656
11,186
4,547
2,264
757
141
616
1,507
583
923
2,284
1,306
978
11.5
15.7
23.7
37.1
21.9
13.4
15.6
12.3
9.1
10.1
8.0
7,955
6,662
4,502
2,901
1,601
2,160
1,215
945
1,293
865
429
4,251
3,221
1,976
1,238
738
1,244
639
606
1,030
677
353
53.4
48.3
43.9
42.7
46.1
57.6
52.5
64.1
79.7
78.3
82.4
3,664
2,698
1,584
963
621
1,114
576
538
967
630
337
587
523
393
276
117
131
63
68
64
48
16
13.8
16.2
19.9
22.3
15.8
10.5
9.8
11.2
6.2
7.0
4.6
23,424
8,399
1,986
286
1,700
6,413
2,110
4,303
15,025
7,649
7,375
22,341
7,774
1,709
219
1,490
6,066
1,948
4,117
14,567
7,407
7,160
95.4
92.6
86.0
76.4
87.7
94.6
92.4
95.7
97.0
96.8
97.1
19,728
6,485
1,289
121
1,168
5,196
1,637
3,559
13,242
6,612
6,630
2,613
1,289
419
97
322
869
311
558
1,324
794
530
11.7
16.6
24.5
44.5
21.6
14.3
16.0
13.6
9.1
10.7
7.4
7,668
6,348
4,371
2,777
1,594
1,977
1,189
788
1,320
781
539
4,125
3,178
1,991
1,183
809
1,187
658
529
948
542
405
53.8
50.1
45.6
42.6
50.7
60.0
55.3
67.1
71.8
69.5
75.2
3,665
2,758
1,640
960
679
1,119
613
506
906
518
388
461
419
351
222
129
68
45
23
42
24
17
11.2
13.2
17.6
18.8
16.0
5.7
6.8
4.3
4.4
4.5
4.3
24,397
9,082
2,092
321
1,771
6,990
2,341
4,649
15,315
7,862
7,453
17,242
6,682
1,490
161
1,328
5,192
1,802
3,390
10,559
5,556
5,004
70.7
73.6
71.2
50.3
75.0
74.3
77.0
72.9
68.9
70.7
67.1
15,307
5,708
1,152
118
1,035
4,555
1,530
3,025
9,600
5,044
4,556
1,934
975
338
44
294
637
272
365
959
512
448
11.2
14.6
22.7
27.1
22.1
12.3
15.1
10.8
9.1
9.2
8.9
Men
16 to 34 years..............
16 to 24 years...........
16 to 19 ye a rs.........
16 to 17 years ......
18 to 19 years ......
20 to 24 years .........
20 to 21 years ......
22 to 24 years ......
25 to 34 years...........
25 to 29 ye a rs.........
30 to 34 years .........
Women
16 to 34 years..............
16 to 24 years...........
16 to 19 years .........
16 to 17 years ......
18 to 19 years ......
20 to 24 years .........
20 to 21 years ......
22 to 24 years ......
25 to 34 years...........
25 to 29 years ........
30 to 34 years .........
See footnote at end of table.
18
Table B-4. Employment status of the population 16 to 34 years old by school enrollment, age, sex, and race,
October 1981-82— Continued
(Numbers in thousands)
Enrolled in school
Not enrolled in school
Civilian labor force
Civilian labor force
Age, sex, and race
Civilian
noninstitutional
population
Unemployed
Total
Percent of
population
Employed
Num
ber
Percent
of
labor
force
Civilian
noninstitutional
population
Unemployed
Total
Percent of
population
Employed
Num
ber
Percent
of
labor
force
1982
BLACK
16 to 34 years..............
16 to 24 years...........
16 to 19 ye a rs.........
16 to 17 years ......
18 to 19 years ......
20 to 24 ye a rs.........
20 to 21 years ......
22 to 24 years ......
25 to 34 years...........
25 to 29 years ........
30 to 34 years........
27.4
38.6
52.2
2,408
2,062
1,519
1,018
500
544
269
275
346
204
142
846
590
319
177
143
271
112
159
256
146
110
35.1
28.6
21.0
17.3
28.5
49.8
41.7
57.7
74.0
71.4
77.6
596
372
170
90
80
202
80
122
223
115
108
250
218
149
86
63
68
32
37
33
30
2
29.6
36.9
46.7
48.9
44.1
25.3
28.4
23.0
12.8
20.9
2.2
7,039
2,922
740
94
646
2,183
837
1,345
4,116
2,222
1,894
5,379
2,109
456
46
410
1,654
626
1,028
3,270
1,760
1,510
76.4
72.2
61.6
49.0
63.4
75.8
74.7
76.4
79.4
79.2
79.7
3,907
1,296
218
20
197
1,078
387
691
2,611
1,367
1,244
1,472
813
238
26
212
576
239
337
659
393
266
1,138
996
763
507
255
234
107
127
141
91
51
403
293
168
94
75
124
47
77
110
67
43
35.4
29.4
22.1
18.5
29.3
53.3
44.4
60.7
77.6
73.4
139
123
85
49
36
37
16
21
16
14
2
34.4
41.9
50.6
52.8
48.0
30.0
3,194
1,341
337
43
294
1,004
403
601
1,853
995
858
2,741
1,105
237
28
210
867
354
514
1,637
881
756
85.8
82.4
70.5
71.4
86.4
87.8
85.4
88.3
88.6
88.1
1,997
686
120
13
108
566
226
339
1,311
689
622
745
419
117
15
102
302
128
174
326
192
134
27.2
37.9
49.3
0
264
170
83
44
39
87
31
56
94
53
41
1,271
1,066
756
511
245
310
162
148
205
113
92
443
297
151
83
68
146
65
82
146
79
67
34.9
27.9
19.9
16.2
27.8
47.2
39.9
55.2
71.4
69.8
73.5
332
202
87
46
41
115
49
66
129
63
67
112
95
64
37
27
31
16
15
17
16
25.2
31.9
42.4
44.4
3,845
1,581
403
51
352
1,178
435
744
2,264
1,228
1,036
2,637
1,004
218
18
200
786
272
514
1,633
879
754
68.6
63.5
54.2
0
56.8
66.7
62.6
69.2
72.1
71.6
72.8
1,910
610
98
8
90
512
161
352
1,300
678
623
727
395
121
11
110
274
111
163
333
201
132
27.6
39.3
55.3
O
51.8
34.8
38.1
32.8
20.1
22.3
17.6
Men
16 to 34 years..............
16 to 24 years...........
16 to 19 ye a rs........
16 to 17 years ......
18 to 19 years ......
20 to 24 years.........
20 to 21 years ......
22 to 24 years ......
25 to 34 years...........
25 to 29 years .........
30 to 34 years ........
O
27.5
14.5
0
0
O
O
48.7
34.8
36.0
33.9
19.9
21.8
17.7
Women
16 to 34 years..............
16 to 24 years...........
16 to 19 ye a rs........
16 to 17 years ......
18 to 19 years ......
20 to 24 years ........
20 to 21 years ......
22 to 24 years ......
25 to 34 years...........
25 to 29 ye a rs.........
30 to 34 years ........
18.9
11.6
20.8
O
1 Data not shown where base is less than 75,000.
O
O
0
19
O
55.1
34.8
40.9
31.7
20.4
22.9
17.5
Table 3-5. Employment status of the population 16 to 34 years old enrolled in school by sex, age, and type of school,
October 1081=82
(Numbers in thousands)
Civilian labor force
Total
Sex, age, and type of school
Civilian
noninstitutional
population
Percent distribution
of nonagricultural
employment by fullor part-time status
Employed
Number
Percent of
population
Unemployed
Total
Full
time1
Part
time1
Percent
of
Number
labor
force
Percent distribution
by type of industry
Number
Total
Agri
culture
Nonagricultural
industries
1081
MEN
Enrolled in school ............................
9,628
4,974
51.7
4,974
100.0
4.6
95.4
100.0
36.4
63.6
615
12.4
Elementary or high school............
16 to 17 years.............................
18 to 19 years.............................
20 to 34 years.............................
4,261
3,573
568
120
1,836
1,498
249
88
43.1
41.9
43.9
73.6
1,836
1,498
249
88
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
9.5
10.5
4.0
7.7
90.5
89.5
96.0
92.3
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
10.4
6.5
11.9
75.7
89.6
93.5
88.1
24.3
354
276
59
19
19.3
18.4
23.8
21.6
College, full time2 ...........................
16 to 19 years.............................
20 to 24 years.............................
20 to 21 years...........................
22 to 24 years...........................
25 to 34 years.............................
3,907
1,398
1,926
1,082
844
583
1,769
575
863
473
391
330
45.3
41.1
44.8
43.7
46.3
56.7
1,769
575
863
473
391
330
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
3.1
2.9
2.8
2.7
2.9
4.2
96.9
97.1
97.2
97.3
97.1
95.8
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
19.6
11.7
15.7
13.6
18.3
43.8
80.4
88.3
84.3
86.4
81.7
56.2
209
79
88
51
37
43
11.8
13.7
10.2
10.7
9.5
12.9
College, part tim e ...........................
16 to 19 years.............................
20 to 24 years.............................
20 to 21 years..........................
22 to 24 years...........................
25 to 34 years.............................
1,460
144
457
157
300
860
1,369
126
434
147
287
810
93.8
87.8
94.8
93.3
95.6
94.2
1,369
126
434
147
287
810
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
.9
1.7
1.2
1.3
1.2
.6
99.1
98.3
98.8
98.7
98.8
99.4
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
85.6
48.5
79.0
75.9
80.6
94.5
14.4
51.5
21.0
24.1
19.4
5.5
51
10
18
7
10
23
3.7
8.1
4.1
5.1
3.5
2.8
Enrolled in school ............................
9,308
4,661
50.1
4,661
100.0
1.1
98.9
100.0
33.8
66.2
588
12.6
Elementary or high school ............
16 to 17 years.............................
18 to 19 years.............................
20 to 34 years.............................
3,948
3,433
365
150
1,497
1,291
149
57
37.9
37.6
41.0
38.2
1,497
1,291
149
57
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
1.8
1.9
1.7
0
98.2
98.1
98.3
(3
)
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
5.8
3.1
12.5
(3
)
94.2
96.9
87.5
(3
)
315
245
49
21
21.0
19.0
32.5
(3
)
College, full time2 ...........................
16 to 19 years.............................
20 to 24 years.............................
20 to 21 years...........................
22 to 24 years...........................
25 to 34 years.............................
3,656
1,579
1,600
1,103
497
477
1,696
688
775
531
244
233
46.4
43.6
48.4
48.1
49.0
48.8
1,696
688
775
531
244
233
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
.9
.5
.7
.7
.8
2.5
99.1
99.5
99.3
99.3
99.2
97.5
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
15.0
9.0
15.0
11.9
21.8
31.9
85.0
91.0
85.0
88.1
78.2
68.1
211
121
57
40
18
33
12.4
17.5
7.4
7.5
7.2
14.1
College, part tim e ..........................
16 to 19 years.............................
20 to 24 years.............................
20 to 21 years...........................
22 to 24 years...........................
25 to 34 years.............................
1,705
149
547
202
345
1,009
1,468
129
485
178
307
854
86.1
86.8
88.6
87.8
89.0
84.7
1,468
129
485
178
307
854
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
.6
2.2
.1
99.4
97.8
99.9
100.0
99.9
99.3
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
77.3
47.9
75.1
64.2
81.5
82.6
22.7
52.1
24.9
35.8
18.5
17.4
62
15
19
5
14
28
4.2
11.2
4.0
2.9
4.6
3.3
WOMEN
-
.1
.7
1982
MEN
Enrolled in school ............................
9,499
4,804
50.6
4,804
100.0
4.5
95.5
100.0
34.8
65.2
759
15.8
Elementary or high school ............
16 to 17 years.............................
18 to 19 years.............................
20 to 34 years.............................
4,092
3,410
562
121
1,631
1,310
234
87
39.9
38.4
41.6
72.0
1,631
1,310
234
87
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
10.9
11.3
11.1
4.4
89.1
88.7
88.9
95.6
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
11.0
5.8
13.9
83.0
89.0
94.2
86.1
17.0
422
325
74
23
25.9
24.8
31.8
26.3
See footnotes at end of table.
20
Table B-5. Employment status o f the population 16 to 34 years old enrolled in school by sex, age, and type of school,
October 1881-82—Continued
(Numbers in thousands)
Civilian labor force
Total
Sex, age, and type of school
Civilian
noninstitutional
population
Percent distribution
of nonagricultural
employment by fullor part-time status
Employed
Number
Percent of
population
Unemployed
Percent distribution
by type of industry
Number
Total
Agri
culture
Nonagricultural
industries
Total
Full
time1
Part
time1
Number
Percent
of
labor
force
1982
ftHEN— C o n tin u e d
College, full time2 ...........................
16 to 19 years.............................
20 to 24 years.............................
20 to 21 years..........................
22 to 24 years..........................
25 to 34 years.............................
4,016
1,369
1,967
1,183
784
680
1,853
578
903
534
369
371
46.1
42.2
45.9
45.1
47.1
54.6
1,853
578
903
534
369
371
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
2.2
3.2
2.4
2.4
2.3
.2
97.8
96.8
97.6
97.6
97.7
99.8
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
16.5
7.4
13.9
9.9
19.7
36.9
83.5
92.6
86.1
90.1
80.3
63.1
233
79
106
65
42
48
12.6
13.7
11.7
12.1
11.2
13.0
College, part tim e ..........................
16 to 19 years.............................
20 to 24 years.............................
20 to 21 years..........................
22 to 24 years..........................
25 to 34 years.............................
1,391
117
494
162
331
780
1,320
89
469
149
319
762
94.9
76.4
94.9
92.0
96.4
97.7
1,320
89
469
149
319
762
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
1.3
5.4
1.5
2.6
.9
.8
98.7
94.6
98.5
97.4
99.1
99.2
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
83.0
46.4
74.3
70.5
76.2
91.6
17.0
53.6
25.7
29.5
23.8
8.4
104
15
57
14
43
33
7.9
16.5
12.1
9.0
13.5
4.3
Enrolled in school............................
9,222
4,694
50.9
4,694
100.0
1.2
98.8
100.0
32.2
67.8
592
12.6
Elementary or high school............
16 to 17 years.............................
18 to 19 years.............................
20 to 34 years.............................
3,717
3,235
346
136
1,405
1,214
134
57
37.8
37.5
38.8
41.6
1,405
1,214
134
57
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
2.7
2.3
7.6
(3
)
97.3
97.7
92.4
(3
)
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
5.1
3.3
10.4
(3
)
94.9
96.7
89.6
(3
)
299
245
39
15
21.3
20.2
28.8
(3
)
College, full time2 .............. ............
16 to 19 years.............................
20 to 24 years.............................
20 to 21 years...........................
22 to 24 years...........................
25 fo 34 years.............................
3,713
1,504
1,706
1,130
576
503
1,744
676
836
546
290
232
47.0
44.9
49.0
48.3
50.3
46.1
1,744
676
836
546
290
232
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
.8
1.1
.7
.6
.8
-
99.2
98.9
99.3
99.4
99.2
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
12.2
5.6
10.8
8.4
15.2
34.9
87.8
94.4
89.2
91.6
84.8
65.1
220
124
71
48
23
25
12.6
18.3
8.5
8.8
8.0
11.0
College, part tim e ...........................
16 to 19 years..............................
20 to 24 years..............................
20 to 21 years...........................
22 to 24 years...........................
25 to 34 years..............................
1,791
185
581
213
369
1,025
1,545
163
510
176
333
872
86.3
88.2
87.7
82.9
90.4
85.1
1,545
163
510
176
333
872
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
.6
99.4
100.0
99.6
98.9
100.0
99.1
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
73.3
44.1
74.2
65.3
78.7
78.0
26.7
55.9
25.8
34.7
21.3
22.0
73
15
28
13
15
30
4.7
9.2
5.5
7.3
4.6
3.4
WOMEN
1 Full-time workers are persons who, during the survey week, worked
35 hours or more and those who usually work full time but worked 1 to 34
hours because of economic reasons. Part-time workers are persons who
usually work 1 to 34 hours. Persons with a job but not at work during the
survey week are classified according to whether they usually work full or
-
.4
1.1
-
.9
part time.
2 Students attending 12 hours or more of college classes during the
average school week were classified as full-time students.
3 Data not shown where base is less than 75,000.
21
Table B-6. Employment status of the population 16 to 34 years old enrolled in school by race, sex, age, and type o f school,
October 1981-82
(Numbers in thousands)
Black
White
Civilian labor force
Civilian labor force
Race, sex, age, and type of
school
Civilian
noninstitutional
population
Unemployed
Total
Percent of
population
Em
ployed
Number
Percent
of
labor
force
Civilian
noninstitutional
population
Unemployed
Total
Percent of
population
Em
ployed
Number
Percent
of
labor
force
1981
MEN
Enrolled in school ..........................
8,080
4,441
55.0
3,928
513
11.6
1,183
402
34.0
320
82
20.3
Elementary or high school.........
16 to 17 years...........................
18 to 19 years...........................
20 to 24 years...........................
25 to 34 years...........................
3,465
2,971
394
66
34
1,670
1,390
203
49
28
48.2
46.8
51.5
290
235
40
10
4
17.4
16.9
19.7
139
94
40
5
-
85
61
22
3
-
53
33
18
2
-
38.4
35.4
O
O
678
521
146
12
-
20.4
18.0
27.4
(1
)
1,380
1,154
163
39
24
College, full time2 ........................
16 to 19 years...........................
20 to 24 years...........................
20 to 21 years........................
22 to 24 years........................
25 to 34 years...........................
3,357
1,215
1,688
963
725
454
1,576
520
781
434
347
274
47.0
42.8
46.3
45.1
47.9
60.5
1,401
458
703
386
317
241
175
63
79
48
30
34
11.1
12.1
10.1
11.1
8.7
12.2
362
128
150
80
70
84
137
35
57
26
31
45
37.9
27.3
38.2
32.3
109
22
50
24
26
37
28
13
7
2
5
8
20.5
College, part tim e ........................
16 to 19 years...........................
20 to 24 years...........................
20 to 21 years........................
22 to 24 years........................
25 to 34 years...........................
1,259
126
394
141
252
739
1,195
115
373
132
241
707
95.0
91.0
94.9
93.7
95.6
95.7
1,147
104
358
125
233
684
49
10
15
7
8
23
4.1
8.9
4.1
5.6
3.3
3.3
143
13
42
12
30
88
126
6
41
10
30
79
88.6
Enrolled in school..........................
7,720
4,069
52.7
3,647
422
10.4
1,277
Elementary or high school..........
16 to 17 years...........................
18 to 19 years...........................
20 to 24 years...........................
25 to 34 years...........................
3,178
2,827
262
52
37
1,315
1,169
116
19
12
41.4
41.4
44.2
219
189
23
3
3
16.7
16.2
20.0
0
0
1,096
980
93
15
9
College, full time2 ........................
16 to 19 years...........................
20 to 24 years..........................
20 to 21 years........................
22 to 24 years........................
25 to 34 years...........................
3,091
1,356
1,354
951
404
381
1,491
612
687
482
205
192
48.2
45.1
50.7
50.7
50.8
50.3
1,338
520
649
455
194
168
College, part tim e ........................
16 to 19 years...........................
20 to 24 years...........................
20 to 21 years........................
22 to 24 years........................
25 to 34 years...........................
1,451
135
473
183
290
843
1,263
117
426
165
260
720
87.0
87.3
89.9
90.1
89.8
85.4
1,214
107
412
160
252
695
0
O
-
0
53.2
O
O
-
0
0
0
0
0
_
-
(1
)
90.4
126
6
40
10
30
79
-
0
0
0
0
457
35.8
306
151
33.1
153
98
30
13
12
23.6
19.4
32.9
63
45
7
4
7
90
52
24
9
5
58.6
53.6
0
0
650
504
92
28
25
153
91
38
27
11
24
10.3
14.9
5.6
5.7
5.3
12.4
452
183
201
127
74
68
160
55
74
44
30
30
35.5
30.4
37.0
34.6
109
31
56
32
24
22
52
25
19
12
7
8
32.3
49
11
14
5
9
24
3.9
9.0
3.2
3.2
3.3
3.4
175
12
51
13
39
111
144
10
39
6
33
95
82.0
134
7
35
6
29
91
10
2
4
4
4
0
0
0
-
WOMEN
See footnotes at end of table.
22
0
0
O
(1
)
O
0
0
(’)
85.2
O
0
O
0
O
0
0
0
6.8
0
(1
)
(’)
0
3.9
Table B-6. Employment status o f the population 16 to 34 years old enrolled in school by race, sex, age, and type of school,
October 1981-82— Continued
(Numbers In thousands)
Black
White
Civilian labor force
Civilian labor force
Race, sex, age, and type of
school
Civilian
noninstitutional
population
Unemployed
Total
Percent of
population
Em
ployed
Number
Percent
of
labor
force
Civilian
noninstitutional
population
Unemployed
Total
Percent of
population
Em
ployed
Number
Percent
of
labor
force
1982
MEM
Enrolled in school..........................
7,955
4,251
53.4
3,664
587
13.8
1,138
403
35.4
264
139
34.4
Elementary or high school.........
16 to 17 years...........................
18 to 19 years...........................
20 to 24 years...........................
25 to 34 years...........................
3,308
2,807
412
41
47
1,447
1,188
188
29
41
43.7
42.3
45.7
324
267
46
6
5
22.4
22.4
24.5
O
O
655
498
131
27
-
141
90
36
15
-
21.6
18.2
27.7
0
O
1,123
922
142
23
36
-
58
43
12
3
-
84
48
25
11
-
59.2
52.8
67.6
(’)
-
College, full time2 ........................
16 to 19 years...........................
20 to 24 years...........................
20 to 21 years........................
22 to 24 years........................
25 to 34 years...........................
3,432
1,191
1,685
1,046
639
555
1,635
523
801
490
311
312
47.6
43.9
47.5
46.8
48.6
56.1
1,448
457
713
435
278
277
188
66
87
55
32
34
11.5
127
10.9
11.2
10.4
11.0
357
119
163
79
85
75
144
31
69
26
42
44
40.2
25.7
42.0
33.6
49.8
59.3
112
19
58
22
36
35
31
12
10
4
6
9
21.9
College, part tim e ........................
16 to 19 years...........................
20 to 24 years...........................
20 to 21 years........................
22 to 24 years........................
25 to 34 years...........................
1,215
91
433
142
292
691
1,169
76
415
133
282
678
96.2
83.4
95.8
94.1
96.6
98.1
1,094
63
378
128
250
653
75
13
37
6
32
24
6.4
17.6
9.0
4.2
11.2
3.6
125
15
43
14
30
67
118
11
41
14
28
65
94.2
23
1
16
8
8
6
19.9
O
94
10
26
6
20
59
Enrolled in school..........................
7,668
4,125
53.8
3,665
461
11.2
1,271
443
34.9
332
11.2
25.2
Elementary or high school..........
16 to 17 years...........................
18 to 19 years...........................
20 to 24 years...........................
25 to 34 years...........................
2,993
2,661
234
51
47
1,282
1,122
116
26
19
42.8
42.2
49.5
0
250
212
32
2
4
19.5
18.9
27.9
0
O
627
500
95
24
8
102
75
15
7
4
16.3
15.1
15.5
0
1,033
910
84
24
15
46
31
6
4
4
44.8
40.9
41.1
0
0
56
45
9
3
-
College, full time2 ........................
16 to 19 years...........................
20 to 24 years...........................
20 to 21 years........................
22 to 24 years........................
25 to 34 years...........................
3,140
1,310
1,438
974
464
393
1,522
604
731
490
241
187
48.5
46.1
50.8
50.2
52.1
47.6
1,364
509
682
452
230
174
157
95
49
38
12
13
10.3
15.7
6.7
7.7
4.8
7.1
442
150
217
130
87
75
166
54
81
47
34
31
37.5
36.1
37.2
36.1
38.8
41.1
115
30
64
37
27
22
51
25
17
10
7
9
30.5
College, part tim e ........................
16 to 19 years...........................
20 to 24 years...........................
20 to 21 years........................
22 to 24 years........................
25 to 34 years...........................
1,534
167
488
185
303
880
1,321
150
430
154
276
742
86.1
89.8
88.1
83.4
91.0
84.3
1,267
137
413
149
264
718
54
13
17
6
11
24
4.1
8.5
3.9
3.6
4.1
3.3
202
11
69
20
49
122
176
6
58
15
43
111
87.1
0
160
4
48
9
39
108
16
2
10
6
4
3
8.9
(1
)
0
0
O
O
(’)
O
O
0
0
0
O
O
0
0
0
WOMEN
1 Data not shown where base is less than 75,000.
2 Students attending 12 hours or more of college classes during the
0
O
O
0
91.4
average school week were classified as full-time students.
23
O
0
20.9
O
0
(’)
O
0
0
3.0
Table 0-7. Employed 16- to 24-year-olds enrolled in school, high school graduates not enrolled in college, and school
dropouts by sex and occupation, October 1981
(Percent distribution!
Enrolled in school
Sex and occupation
Total,
16 to 24
years
High school
graduates o f-
16 to 17 18 to 19 20 to 24
years
years
years
19801
19812
Dropouts who last attended
school in 1980 or 1981
Total
1980’
19812
MEN
Total (thousands)..................................................................... > 3,261
Percent...................................................................................
100.0
1,265
100.0
759
100.0
1,237
100.0
606
100.0
472
100.0
297
100.0
193
100.0
104
100.0
White-collar workers.......................................................................
Professional and technical workers............................................
Managers and administrators, except fa rm ................................
Sales workers...............................................................................
Clerical workers............................................................................
32.3
9.5
2.7
8.4
11.6
15.1
.6
.7
8.3
5.5
29.9
4.9
2.4
7.6
14.9
51.3
21.6
4.8
9.0
15.9
11.6
2.7
2.1
1.3
5.5
17.6
2.6
2.2
5.1
7.7
6.2
.4
.8
.2
4.9
7.2
.7
1.2
.2
5.1
Blue-collar workers.........................................................................
Craft and kindred workers ...........................................................
Operatives, except transport.......................................................
Transport equipment operatives .................................................
Nonfarm laborers.........................................................................
34.3
6.0
7.7
2.9
17.6
40.0
4.0
9.7
1.8
24.6
38.0
7.4
7.9
4.1
18.5
26.3
7.3
5.6
3.3
10.0
68.8
18.2
24.5
6.6
19.4
60.2
14.7
16.4
4.7
24.5
69.8
18.2
21.8
3.6
26.2
73.2
20.6
22.6
3.1
26.9
63.6
13.8
20.4
4.6
24.9
Service workers...............................................................................
28.7
35.8
30.2
20.5
12.7
14.7
18.7
14.7
26.0
Farm workers ..................................................................................
4.7
9.0
2.0
1.9
6.9
7.5
5.3
4.9
6.0
Total (thousands).....................................................................
Percent...................................................................................
3,031
100.0
1,087
100.0
742
100.0
1,202
100.0
587
100.0
455
100.0
143
100.0
94
100.0
49
(3
)
White-collar workers.......................................................................
Professional and technical workers.............................................
Managers and administrators, except fa rm ................................
Sales workers...............................................................................
Clerical workers............................................................................
59.3
8.9
1.8
11.9
36.7
43.4
1.1
.5
14.6
27.1
61.5
4.6
1.7
10.7
44.5
72.3
18.7
3.0
10.1
40.5
57.8
2.6
3.2
9.2
42.7
50.0
1.4
3.7
9.3
35.7
26.1
1.5
1.2
5.6
17.9
23.7
1.8
6.5
15.4
(3
)
(3
)
(3
)
(3
)
(3
)
Blue-collar workers.........................................................................
Craft and kindred workers ...........................................................
Operatives, except transport.......................................................
Transport equipment operatives .................................................
Nonfarm laborers .........................................................................
5.1
.8
1.8
.6
2.0
4.8
.3
1.3
.3
2.8
5.4
.6
2.3
.4
2.1
5.3
1.3
1.9
1.0
1.1
13.6
1.8
9.1
.2
2.5
13.5
1.7
8.7
.2
2.9
19.6
.2
17.9
1.5
19.6
.3
18.6
.6
(3
)
(3
)
(3
)
(3
)
(3
)
Service workers...............................................................................
34.8
50.2
32.6
22.2
27.9
34.6
50.9
53.0
(3
)
Farm workers ..................................................................................
.8
1.6
.5
.2
.7
1.9'
3.4
3.7
(3
)
4.5
-
4.5
WOMEN
1 Persons who graduated or dropped out of school between January
1, 1980, and December 31, 1980.
2 Persons who graduated or dropped out of school between January
1, 1981, and October 13, 1981.
3 Data not shown where base is less than 75,000.
24
-
Table B-8. Employed 16- to 24-year-olds enrolled in school, high school graduates not enrolled in college, and school
dropouts by sex and occupation, October 1982
(Percent distribution)
Enrolled in school
Sex and occupation
Total,
16 to 24
years
High school
graduates of—
16 to 17 18 to 19 20 to 24
years
years
years
19811
19822
Dropouts who last attended
school in 1981 or 1982
Total
19811
19822
Men
Total: (thousands)....................................................................
Percent..................................................................................
2,956
100.0
1,028
100.0
691
100.0
1,237
100.0
465
100.0
499
100.0
240
100.0
158
100.0
83
100.0
White-collar workers.......................................................................
Professional and technical workers.............................................
Managers and administrators, except fa rm ................................
Sales workers..............................................................................
Clerical workers...........................................................................
32.6
9.3
2.6
9.2
11.5
18.0
.8
.4
11.2
5.6
27.0
5.6
2.0
6.2
13.2
47.9
18.4
4.8
9.3
15.4
16.0
1.6
5.4
3.8
5.3
11.0
.4
2.9
4.5
3.2
12.8
.5
1.6
3.0
7.7
10.4
1.1
2.3
7.0
17.4
1.5
2.5
4.3
9.1
Blue-collar workers.........................................................................
Craft and kindred workers ...........................................................
Operatives, except transport.......................................................
Transport equipment operatives.................................................
Nonfarm laborers.........................................................................
33.1
4.9
6.0
2.8
19.4
37.6
1.9
5.7
2.1
27.9
33.6
3.3
4.5
4.3
21.5
29.0
8.4
7.0
2.5
11.1
58.6
16.8
17.1
3.8
20.8
55.2
15.6
13.3
4.4
21.8
59.5
17.9
18.4
1.7
21.6
66.6
19.9
19.1
.4
27.2
46.0
13.9
17.0
4.1
11.0
Service workers..............................................................................
29.8
35.6
35.7
21.7
19.3
22.3
23.0
21.0
26.8
Farm workers .................................................................................
4.5
8.8
3.7
1.4
6.1
11.5
4.7
2.1
9.8
Total: (thousands)....................................................................
Percent..................................................................................
3,038
100.0
1,025
100.0
740
100.0
1,274
100.0
512
100.0
427
100.0
147
100.0
90
100.0
White-collar workers.......................................................................
Professional and technical workers............................................
Managers and administrators, except fa rm ................................
Sales workers...............................................................................
Clerical workers............................................................................
61.4
10.3
2.3
13.3
35.5
46.5
2.8
.5
16.1
27.2
66.6
6.9
1.9
13.5
44.2
70.4
18.3
4.0
11.0
37.2
52.0
3.6
2.1
9.0
37.2
48.3
1.0
.7
9.8
36.8
38.2
1.5
3.5
6.8
26.4
36.6
3.8
5.9
26.8
(3
)
(3
)
(3
)
(3
)
(3
)
Blue-collar workers.........................................................................
Craft and kindred workers ...........................................................
Operatives, except transport.......................................................
Transport equipment operatives .................................................
Nonfarm laborers.........................................................................
4.7
.7
1.8
.5
1.8
6.1
.4
2.2
.6
2.9
3.2
.2
1.7
.7
.6
4.5
1.2
1.4
.4
1.5
13.8
1.0
10.4
.3
2.2
14.7
2.1
7.7
.6
4.2
16.8
.4
13.1
3.3
19.4
.6
13.3
5.4
(3
)
(3
)
(3
)
(3
)
(3
)
Service workers...............................................................................
33.1
46.1
29.2
24.8
33.9
35.2
42.2
39.6
(3
)
Farm workers .................................................................................
.8
1.2
.9
.3
.3
1.9
2.7
4.5
(3
)
Women
1 Persons who graduated or dropped out of school between January
1, 1981, and December 31, 1981.
2 Persons who graduated or dropped out of school between January
-
1, 1982, and October 16, 1982.
3 Data not shown where base is less than 75,000.
25
-
57
(3
)
Table B-9. Employed 16- to 24-year-olds enrolled in school, high school graduates not enrolled in college, and school
dropouts by sex, industry, and class of worker, October 1981
(Percent distribution)
Total,
16 to 24
years
16 to 17 18 to 19 20 to 24
years
years
years
19801
19812
Dropouts who last attended
school in 1980 or 1981
Total
19801
00
Sex, industry, and class of worker
High school
graduates of —
CD
Enrolled in school
MEN
Total (thousands).....................................................................
Percent..................................................................................
3,261
100.0
1,265
100.0
759
100.0
1,237
100.0
606
100.0
472
100.0
297
100.0
193
100.0
104
100.0
Agriculture.......................................................................................
Wage and salary workers ............................................................
Self-employed and unpaid family workers..................................
5.6
4.0
1.6
10.1
6.6
3.5
3.2
2.6
.6
2.5
2.2
.3
8.0
6.5
1.5
8.9
7.6
1.3
7.9
7.4
.5
7.5
7.5
8.6
7.2
1.3
Nonagricultural industries...............................................................
Wage and salary workers............................................................
Mining.........................................................................................
Construction...............................................................................
Manufacturing ............................................................................
Durable goods.........................................................................
Nondurable goods..................................................................
Transportation and public utilities............................................
Wholesale and retail trad e ........................................................
Services and finance................................................................
Private households.................................................................
Educatibnal services..............................................................
Finance and other services....................................................
Public administration.................................................................
94.4
92.4
.4
2.7
9.9
4.9
5.1
3.9
45.8
28.2
1.7
9.9
16.6
1.5
89.9
87.9
.2
2.0
6.8
2.5
4.3
1.6
57.8
19.4
3.1
3.4
12.8
.2
96.8
95.1
.8
3.3
7.6
4.3
3.4
3.8
48.9
29.2
.8
11.7
16.7
1.5
97.5
95.4
.4
3.0
14.5
7.7
6.8
6.4
31.6
36.6
.7
15.5
20.5
2.9
92.0
90.5
2.7
10.1
25.6
13.3
12.3
5.4
28.8
16.8
.8
.5
15.4
1.2
91.1
89.6
.6
11.2
18.2
10.5
7.7
4.3
39.2
15.5
1.2
2.1
12.1
.7
92.1
89.9
2.5
17.3
23.2
12.8
10.3
2.3
26.3
17.9
.8
.8
16.3
.5
92.5
90.2
2.0
18.0
29.6
16.7
12.9
3.3
24.1
13.2
.3
12.9
-
91.4
89.5
3.5
15.9
11.2
5.6
5.6
.4
30.4
26.7
1.9
2.2
22.6
1.3
Self-employed and unpaid family workers..................................
2.0
2.0
1.7
2.1
1.5
1.5
2.2
2.4
1.9
Total (thousands).....................................................................
Percent..................................................................................
3,031
100.0
1,087
100.0
742
100.0
1,202
100.0
587
100.0
455
100.0
143
100.0
94
100.0
49
(3
)
Agriculture.......................................................................................
Wage and salary workers ............................................................
Self-employed and unpaid family workers..................................
1.1
.8
.2
1.8
1.1
.7
1.0
1.0
-
.5
.5
1.2
1.0
.2
2.2
1.4
.8
3.4
2.4
1.0
3.7
2.1
1.5
(3
)
(3
)
98.8
97.0
.7
2.0
11.9
4.8
7.1
1.5
42.3
36.9
1.4
1.4
34.1
1.7
97.8
96.1
96.6
95.1
.2
13.8
7.4
6.4
.3
47.6
33.3
10.5
2.3
20.5
96.3
96.3
-
(3)
-
-
(3)
(3)
1.7
1.8
-
f)
-
-
WOMEN
Nonagricultural industries...............................................................
Wage and salary workers............................................................
Mining.........................................................................................
Construction..............................................................................
Manufacturing ............................................................................
Durable goods.........................................................................
Nondurable goods..................................................................
Transportation and public utilities ............................................
Wholesale and retail trade........................................................
Services and finance ................................................................
Private households.................................................................
Educational services ...............................................................
Finance and other services....................................................
Public administration.................................................................
98.9
98.0
.2
.5
4.9
2.6
2.3
1,4
46.0
43.4
5.2
15.4
Self-employed and unpaid family workers..................................
98.2
97.3
1.5
.6
1.9
.5
1.3
.7
61.1
32.7
12.7
2.9
17.1
.4
.2
3.0
1.5
1.5
.5
48.9
44.9
1.8
21.5
21.5
.9
99.5
98.3
.5
.5
8.8
5.0
3.8
2.7
30.7
52.2
.7
22.9
28.6
2.9
1.0
.8
.7
1.2
-
2 2.8
1 Persons who graduated or dropped out of school between January
1, 1980, and December 31, 1980.
2 Persons who graduated or dropped out of school between January
99.0
98.3
-
-
-
.8
11.2
4.8
6.4
1.6
51.5
30.1
5.2
1.6
23.4
.9
1.5
1, 1981, and October 13, 1981.
3 Data not shown where base is less than 75,000.
26
-
19.4
9.6
9.8
-
44.7
32.3
12.6
3.5
16.2
(3)
(3
)
(3
)
(3
)
(3
)
O
(3
)
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
O
Table 1 °10. Employed 16- to 24-year-olds enrolled in school, recent high school graduates not enrolled in college, and
3
school dropouts by sex, industry, and class of worker, October 1982
(Percent distribution)
Enrolled in school
Sex, industry, and class of worker
Total,
16 to 24
years
High school
graduates of—
16 to 17 18 to 19 20 to 24
years
years
years
19811
19822
Dropouts who last attended
school in 1981 or 1982
Total
19811
19822
MEN
Total (thousands).....................................................................
Percent...................................................................................
2,956
100.0
1,028
100.0
691
100.0
1,237
100.0
465
100.0
499
100.0
240
100.0
158
100.0
83
100.0
Agriculture.......................................................................................
Wage and salary workers ............................................................
Self-employed and unpaid family workers..................................
6.0
3.9
2.1
11.0
6.1
4.9
5.2
4.3
1.0
2.2
1.8
.5
8.5
6.2
2.3
12.7
10.8
1.9
6.2
5.1
1.1
4.1
4.1
10.0
6.8
3.3
Nonagricultural industries................................................................
Wage and salary workers............................................................
Mining.........................................................................................
Construction...............................................................................
Manufacturing ............................................................................
Durable goods.........................................................................
Nondurable goods...................................................................
Transportation and public utilities.............................................
Wholesale and retail trad e ........................................................
Services and finance ................................................................
Private households..................................................................
Educational services ...............................................................
Finance and other services....................................................
Public administration..................................................................
94.0
91.8
.2
3.0
7.9
3.1
4.8
2.7
46.4
29.9
2.2
12.2
15.5
1.8
89.0
85.9
.2
2.0
7.3
1.3
5.9
1.4
54.1
20.4
5.3
2.5
12.6
.5
94.8
93.4
2.5
2.9
.5
2.4
1.5
54.5
30.0
.8
15.0
14.1
2.1
97.8
96.0
.3
4.2
11.1
6.1
5.1
4.4
35.6
37.6
.4
18.7
18.6
2.8
91.5
89.8
1.2
11.7
13.3
8.2
5.1
3.7
40.3
18.5
.3
1.3
16.9
1.0
87.3
85.2
.6
9.8
12.0
7.0
4.9
4.8
41.1
16.8
.8
.3
15.8
.1
93.8
92.8
.7
17.2
20.9
14.9
6.0
1.6
32.5
20.0
2.0
2.5
15.4
-
95.9
94.4
1.0
18.9
24.3
18.4
5.9
2.5
26.4
21.3
3.1
1.2
17.0
-
90.0
90.0
14.0
14.4
8.4
6.0
44.2
17.4
Self-employed and unpaid family workers..................................
2.2
3.2
1.4
1.8
1.7
2.0
1.0
1.5
Total (thousands)......................................................................
Percent...................................................................................
3,038
100.0
1,025
100.0
740
100.0
1,274
100.0
512
100.0
427
100.0
147
100.0
90
100.0
Agriculture........................................................................................
Wage and salary workers ............................................................
Self-employed and unpaid family workers..................................
1.4
1.3
.1
2.2
1.8
.4
1.8
1.8
-
.6
.6
1.3
1.2
.1
2.4
2.2
.3
2.7
2.7
4.5
4.5
f)
(3
)
-
-
Nonagricultural industries................................................................
Wage and salary w orkers............................................................
Mining.........................................................................................
Construction...............................................................................
Manufacturing ............................................................................
Durable- goods.........................................................................
Nondurable goods...................................................................
Transportation and public utilities.............................................
Wholesale and retail trad e ........................................................
Services and finance .................................................................
Private households..................................................................
Educational services...............................................................
Finance and other services....................................................
Public administration..................................................................
98.6
97.1
.3
.3
4.7
2.3
2.4
1.4
43.8
44.9
5.8
14.4
24.8
1.7
97.8
95.4
.2
.2
3.3
1.4
1.9
.5
55.9
33.8
12.2
4.0
17.6
1.5
98.2
97.9
98.7
96.8
.2
1.3
15.0
4.6
10.3
2.5
42.5
35.1
3.3
1.0
30.8
.3
97.6
96.3
97.3
95.2
-
-
.5
3.3
1.7
1.6
2.6
47.1
43.0
3.0
19.5
20.6
1.5
99.4
98.0
.5
.4
6.8
3.5
3.2
1.3
32.1
55.0
2.2
19.9
33.0
1.9
.8
12.0
4.1
8.0
1.4
49.3
31.1
4.7
1.6
24.8
1.7
1.6
8.7
3.3
5.4
2.5
49.3
33.1
7.8
1.5
23.9
-
95.5
93.8
2.7
11.8
5.4
6.3
2.2
41.1
36.0
6.9
29.2
-
0
(3
)
(3
)
(3
)
(3
)
0
(3
)
(3
)
O
(3
)
(3
)
(3
)
(3
)
(3
)
Self-employed and unpaid family workers..................................
1.5
2.4
.2
1.4
1.8
1.2
2.0
1.7
(3
)
-
-
5.0
12.4
-
WOMEN
1 Persons who graduated or dropped out of school between January
1, 1981, and December 31, 1981.
2 Persons who graduated or dropped out of school between January
-
-
1, 1982, and October 16, 1982.
3 Data not shown where base is less than 75,000.
27
57
100.0
Table B-11. Employed 16- to 24-year-olds enrolled in school by occupation, industry, class of worker, sex, age, and race,
October 1981-82
(Percent distribution)
Men
Occupation, industry, and class of worker
Total
White
Women
16 to 19 years
Black
20 to 24 years
White
White
Black
Black
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
Black
White
Black
White
Black
Total
White
1981
OCCUPATION
Total (thousands)..................................................
Percent...............................................................
2,979
100.0
204
100.0
1,879
100.0
111
100.0
1,100
100.0
93
100.0
2,775
100.0
185
100.0
1,699
100.0
90
100.0
1,076
100.0
95
100.0
White-collar workers..................................................
Professional and technical workers.......................
Managers and administrators, except fa rm ...........
Sales workers.........................................................
Clerical workers......................................................
31.9
9.9
2.9
8.3
10.8
35.2
2.9
.1
9.0
23.2
20.3
2.2
1.4
8.1
8.6
23.4
.1
6.6
16.6
51.8
23.1
5.4
8.8
14.6
49.4
6.4
11.9
31.1
58.4
9.0
1.5
12.0
36.0
70.3
8.0
3.7
12.5
46.0
49.9
2.5
.9
13.0
33.5
62.2
1.9
4.4
14.3
41.6
71.8
19.1
2.5
10.3
39.9
78.0
13.9
3.1
10.8
50.2
Blue-collar workers....................................................
Craft and kindred workers......................................
Operatives...............................................................
Nonfarm laborers ...................................................
17.0
6.1
10.9
17.9
10.8
4.4
6.4
19.2
17.2
5.1
12.1
22.6
10.5
4.7
5.9
22.3
16.6
7.6
8.9
10.0
11.0
4.0
7.0
15.4
3.1
.8
2.2
2.0
2.1
2.1
1.3
2.5
.4
2.0
2.5
1.8
2.4
1.8
2.7
4.1
1.4
2.6
1.2
2.4
-
Service workers.........................................................
Private household workers.....................................
Service workers, except private household...........
28.1
.2
27.9
34.9
34.9
33.0
.3
32.7
43.7
43.7
19.7
.2
19.5
24.2
24.2
35.7
5.5
30.2
26.3
.9
25.4
43.9
8.5
35.4
33.3
1.8
31.5
22.7
.7
22.0
19.6
19.6
Farm workers.............................................................
5.1
-
6.9
-
2.0
-
-
-
.8
-
1.3
-
-
.2
-
-
INDUSTRY AND CLASS OF WORKER
Percent...............................................................
100.0
Agriculture..................................................................
6.1
Nonagricultural industries..........................................
93.9
100.0
91.9
100.0
97.3
100.0
98.8
100.0
98.4
100.0
99.5
Wage and salary workers ......................................
Mining....................................................................
Construction .........................................................
Manufacturing ......................................................
Durable goods...................................................
Nondurable g oods.............................................
Transportation and public utilities .......................
Wholesale and retail tra d e ..................................
Service industries .................................................
Private households............................................
Educational services .........................................
Other services and finance..............................
Public administration ............................................
Self-employed and unpaid family workers............
91.8
.5
2.9
10.2
4.9
5.3
3.8
45.7
27.4
1.7
9.6
16.1
1.4
2.1
99.1
.5
6.9
3.6
3.4
6.2
45.9
36.0
1.6
16.4
18.0
3.6
.9
90.0
.5
2.5
7.4
3.2
4.3
2.4
54.4
22.0
2.3
5.9
13.9
.7
1.9
98.4
1.0
2.2
2.2
3.6
55.0
36.7
2.9
17.3
16.4
95.0
.5
3.4
14.9
7.9
7.1
6.2
30.8
36.5
.7
15.9
19.9
2.6
2.4
100.0
97.8
.2
.5
4.5
2.4
2.1
1.4
46.2
43.7
5.7
15.5
22.6
1.3
1.0
99.2
97.6
.5
2.4
1.0
1.4
.6
55.5
38.1
8.8
10.5
18.8
.5
.8
100.0
98.2
.5
.6
7.9
4.6
3.3
2.6
31.4
52.7
.7
23.3
28.7
2.5
1.2
100.0
100.0
100.0
8.1
100.0
100.0
2.7
-
1.6
28
100.0
100.0
1.2
-
12.6
5.2
7.4
9.4
35.0
35.1
-
15.3
19.8
7.9
-
100.0
100.0
6.1
3.0
3.2
1.2
45.4
41.3
.9
13.5
27.0
5.2
.8
100.0
.5
1.6
-
100.0
-
63.9
33.8
1.8
7.1
24.8
2.3
-
100.0
98.5
12.0
5.8
6.2
2.3
27.8
48.4
- ■
19.5
29.0
8.0
1.5
Table B-11. Employed 16- to 24-year-olds enrolled in school by occupation, industry, class of worker, sex, age, and race,
October 1981-32— Continued
(Percent distribution)
Men
Occupation, industry, and class of worker
Total
White
Women
16 to 19 years
Black
20 to 24 years
White
White
Black
Black
16 to 19 years
Total
White
20 to 24 years
Black
White
Black
White
Black
1982
OCCUPATION
Total (thousands).................................................
Percent...............................................................
2,698
100.0
White-collar workers.................................................
Professional and technical workers.......................
Managers and administrators, except fa rm ...........
Sales workers.........................................................
Clerical workers......................................................
31.8
9.3
2.6
9.3
10.5
41.3
3.4
3.4
7.4
27.1
Blue-collar workers...................................................
Craft and kindred workers......................................
Operatives...............................................................
Nonfarm laborers ...................................................
14.0
5.1
8.9
19.6
Service workers.........................................................
Private household workers.....................................
Service workers, except private household..........
Farm workers.............................................................
170 ' 1,584
100.0
100.0
83
100.0
1,114
100.0
87
100.0
2,758
100.0
202
100.0
1,640
100.0
87
100.0
1,119
100.0
115
100.0
21.0
2.6
1.1
9.1
8.2
27.1
.6
1.1
8.3
17.1
47.1
18.8
4.9
9.7
13.8
55.0
6.1
5.6
6.6
36.7
61.4
10.6
2.2
13.5
35.1
60.4
5.8
3.6
13.3
37.7
54.8
4.2
1.1
15.2
34.2
56.1
6.0
2.3
10.2
37.7
71.1
20.0
3.9
10.9
36.3
63.6
5.7
4.6
15.6
37.8
12.1
2.6
9.5
18.6
10.7
2.5
8.2
25.7
8.5
8.5
25.7
18.6
8.8
9.8
10.9
15.5
5.1
10.3
11.8
2.9
.6
2.3
1.7
4.3
2.6
1.7
2.1
2.7
.2
2.5
1.9
7.1
3.1
3.9
2.6
3.1
1.1
2.0
1.4
2.2
2.2
1.7
29.7
.2
29.5
28.0
2.6
25.4
35.2
.4
34.8
38.7
5.3
33.4
21.8
21.8
17.8
17.8
33.4
6.1
27.3
31.6
1.9
29.8
39.8
8.7
31.1
30.4
30.4
24.1
2.2
21.9
32.6
3.3
29.3
5.0
-
7.3
-
1.6
-
.6
1.6
.8
3.8
.3
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
1.4
1.6
1.8
3.8
.6
-
INDUSTRY AND CLASS OF WORKER
Percent...............................................................
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
Agriculture.................................................................
6.5
.4
9.4
.8
2.5
-
Nonagricultural industries..........................................
93.5
99.6
90.6
99.2
97.5
100.0
98.6
98.4
98.2
96.2
99.4
100.0
Wage and salary workers ......................................
Mining...................................................................
Construction.........................................................
Manufacturing ......................................................
Durable goods...................................................
Nondurable goods.............................................
Transportation and public utilities .......................
Wholesale and retail tra d e ..................................
Service industries................................................
Private households............................................
Educational services .........................................
Other services and finance..............................
Public administration............................................
Self-employed and unpaid family workers............
91.2
.2
3.3
7.9
3.2
4.8
2.6
46.5
29.0
2.2
11.7
15.1
1.6
2.3
99.6
88.1
.1
2.4
5.5
1.0
4.5
1.5
54.3
23.5
3.4
7.2
12.8
.8
2.5
99.2
-
95.5
.3
4.6
11.3
6.2
5.1
4.1
35.5
36.9
.5
18.1
18.3
2.8
2.0
100.0
97.1
.3
.2
5.0
2.4
2.6
1.2
44.1
44.6
6.1
14.5
24.0
1.6
1.6
98.1
96.6
.1
.3
3.4
1.5
1.9
1.1
52.6
37.6
8.9
10.3
18.5
1.4
1.6
96.2
-
97.8
.6
.1
7.4
3.7
3.6
1.3
31.7
54.7
2.0
20.8
31.9
2.0
1.5
99.5
-
7.5
1.0
6.5
4.5
44.0
40.0
3.2
18.8
18.0
3.6
-
-
6.1
6.1
54.9
31.6
6.5
11.3
13.8
6.6
-
29
100.0
-
8.8
2.0
6.8
8.8
33.6
48.1
26.0
22.0
.6
-
-
2.2
1.3
.7
.5
3.7
38.6
50.3
1.9
15.2
33.3
2.0
.3
-
.7
.7
6.4
45.4
39.5
16.4
23.0
4.3
-
100.0
-
-
3.8
1.7
1.3
.4
1.7
33.5
58.5
3.3
14.2
41.0
.3
.5
Table B-12. Employment status of the population 16 to 24 years old not enrolled in school by educational attainm ent, sex, and
race, October 1981-82
(Numbers In thousands)
Civilian labor force
Educational attainment, sex, and race
Civilian
noninstitutional
population
Unemployed
Number
Percent of
population
Employed
Number
Not in
labor force
Percent of
labor force
1981
TOTAL
Not enrolled in school ........................................................................................
21,037
17,231
81.9
14,651
2,580
15.0
3,806
School dropouts
Completed less than 4 years of high s c h o o l...........................................
Completed 8 years of school or le s s ......................................................
Completed 1 to 3 years of high school ..................................................
5,143
1,250
3,892
3,502
762
2,739
68.1
61.0
70.4
2,559
588
1,971
943
174
768
26.9
22.9
28.1
1,641
488
1,153
High school graduates
Graduated from high s c h o o l........................................................................
Completed 4 years of high school o n ly .................................................
Completed 1 year of college or m o re .....................................................
Completed 1 to 3 years of c o lle g e .......................................................
Completed 4 years of college or m o re ...............................................
15,894
11,451
4,443
2,926
1,517
13,729
9,673
4,056
2,613
1,443
86.4
84.5
91.3
89.3
95.1
12,092
8,337
3,755
2,388
1,367
1,637
1,336
301
225
76
11.9
13.8
7.4
8.6
5.3
2,165
1,778
387
312
74
Not enrolled in school ........................................................................................
10,018
9,185
91.7
7,788
1,397
15.2
833
School dropouts
Completed less than 4 years of high s c h o o l...........................................
Completed 8 years of school or le s s ......................................................
Completed 1 to 3 years of high school .................................................
2,746
680
2,066
2,345
539
1,806
85.4
79.3
87.4
1,764
422
1,341
582
117
465
24.8
21.6
25.7
400
141
260
High school graduates
Graduated from high s c h o o l........................................................................
Completed 4 years of high school o n ly ..................................................
Completed 1 year of college or m o re .....................................................
Completed 1 to 3 years of c o lle g e .......................................................
Completed 4 years of college or m o r e ...............................................
7,272
5,360
1,912
1,280
632
6,839
5,003
1,837
1,229
608
94.0
93.3
96.1
96.0
96.1
6,024
4,329
1,695
1,129
566
815
673
142
100
42
11.9
13.5
7.7
8.1
6.9
433
358
75
51
24
Not enrolled in school ........................................................................................
11,019
8,046
73.0
6,863
1,183
14.7
2,973
School dropouts
Completed less than 4 years of high s c h o o l...........................................
Completed 8 years of school or le s s .....................................................
Completed 1 to 3 years of high school .................................................
2,397
570
1,826
1,156
224
933
48.2
39.2
51.1
795
166
629
361
58
303
31.2
25.8
32.5
1,241
347
894
High school graduates
Graduated from high sc h o o l........................................................................
Completed 4 years of high school o n ly .................................................
Completed 1 year of college or m o re ....................................................
Completed 1 to 3 years of c o lle g e ......................................................
Completed 4 years of college or m o re ...............................................
8,622
6,091
2,531
1,646
885
6,890
4,670
2,219
1,384
835
79.9
76.7
87.7
84.1
94.4
6,068
4,008
2,060
1,259
801
822
663
159
125
34
11.9
14.2
7.2
9.0
4.1
1,732
1,421
312
262
50
Not enrolled in school .................. .....................................................................
17,797
14,898
83.7
13,043
1,854
12.4
2,900
School dropouts
Completed less than 4 years of high s c h o o l...........................................
Completed 8 years of school or le s s .....................................................
Completed 1 to 3 years of high s c h o o l.................................................
4,107
1,059
3,047
2,889
693
2,196
70.4
65.4
72.1
2,232
549
1,683
657
144
513
22.7
20.8
23.4
1,217
366
851
High school graduates
Graduated from high sc h o o l........................................................................
Completed 4 years of high school o n ly .................................................
Completed 1 year of college or m o re ....................................................
Completed 1 to 3 years of c o lle g e .......................................................
Completed 4 years of college or more ...............................................
13,691
9,778
3,913
2,511
1,402
12,009
8,417
3,591
2,253
1,339
87.7
86.1
91.8
89.7
95.5
10,811
7,437
3,374
2,103
1,271
1,197
980
217
149
68
10.0
11.6
6.0
6.6
5.1
1,682
1,361
322
259
63
Not enrolled in school ........................................................................................
2,850
2,085
73.1
1,405
680
32.6
765
School dropouts
Completed less than 4 years of high s c h o o l...........................................
Completed 8 years of school or le s s ......................................................
Completed 1 to 3 years of high s c h o o l.................................................
913
155
758
551
64
487
60.3
41.4
64.2
285
37
248
266
27
239
48.3
(1
)
49.1
362
91
271
High school graduates
Graduated from high s ch o o l.......................................................................
Completed 4 years of high school o n ly ................................................
Completed 1 year of college or m o re ...................................................
Completed 1 to 3 years of c o lle g e ......................................................
Completed 4 years of college or m o re ..............................................
1,937
1,501
436
348
88
1,534
1,144
390
306
84
79.2
76.2
89.5
87.9
95.9
1,120
805
314
237
77
414
338
76
69
7
27.0
29.6
19.4
22.5
8.0
403
357
46
42
4
Men
Women
White
Black
See footnote at end of table.
30
Table B-12. Employment status of the population 16 to 24 years old not enrolled in school by educational attainm ent, sex, and
race, October 1981-82— Continued
(Numbers In thousands)
Civilian labor force
Educational attainment, sex, and race
Civilian
noninstitutional
population
Not in
labor force
Unemployed
Number
Percent of
population
Employed
Number
Percent of
labor force
1982
TOTAL
Not enrolled in school ........................................................................................
20,828
16,882
81.1
13,753
3,129
18.5
3,946
School dropouts
Completed less than 4 years of high s c h o o l...........................................
Completed 8 years of school or le s s ......................................................
Completed 1 to 3 years of high s c h o o l..................................................
5,055
1,155
3,900
3,352
699
2,652
66.3
60.5
68.0
2,285
503
1,782
1,067
196
871
31.8
28.0
32.8
1,704
456
1,248
High school graduates
Graduated from high sc h o o l........................................................................
Completed 4 years of high school o n ly ..................................................
Completed 1 year of college or m o re .....................................................
Completed 1 to 3 years of c o lle g e .......................................................
Completed 4 years of college or m o re ...............................................
15,772
11,215
4,557
3,023
1,533
13,531
9,379
4,152
2,689
1,462
85.8
83.6
91.1
89.0
95.4
11,468
7,758
3,710
2,382
1,328
2,062
1,620
442
307
134
15.2
17.3
10.6
11.4
9.2
2,242
1,837
405
334
71
Not enrolled in school .......................................................................................
9,947
9,057
91.0
7,314
1,742
19.2
891
School dropouts
Completed less than 4 years of high s c h o o l...........................................
Completed 8 years of school or le s s ......................................................
Completed 1 to 3 years of high school ..................................................
2,601
609
1,992
2,193
462
1,731
84.3
75.9
86.9
1,508
332
1,177
685
131
554
31.2
28.3
32.0
408
146
262
High school graduates
Graduated from high sc h o o l........................................................................
Completed 4 years of high school o n ly ..................................................
Completed 1 year of college or m o re .....................................................
Completed 1 to 3 years of c o lle g e .......................................................
Completed 4 years of college or more ................................................
7,346
5,313
2,033
1,333
701
6,864
4,915
1,949
1,262
687
93.4
92.5
95.8
94.7
98.1
5,806
4,064
1,743
1,114
629
1,058
851
206
148
58
15.4
17.3
10.6
11.7
8.5
482
398
85
71
13
Not enrolled in school ........................................................................................
10,881
7,826
71.9
6,439
1,387
17.7
3,055
School dropouts
Completed less than 4 years of high school ...........................................
Completed 8 years of school or le s s ......................................................
Completed 1 to 3 years of high school ..................................................
2,454
547
1,908
1,159
237
922
47.2
43.3
48.3
777
171
605
382
65
317
33.0
27.6
34.3
1,296
310
986
High school graduates
Graduated from high s c h o o l........................................................................
Completed 4 years of high school o n ly ..................................................
Completed 1 year of college or m o re .....................................................
Completed 1 to 3 years of c o lle g e .......................................................
Completed 4 years of college or m o re ................................................
8,426
5,903
2,524
1,691
833
6,667
4,464
2,203
1,428
775
79.1
75.6
87.3
84.5
93.1
5,662
3,695
1,967
1,268
699
1,005
769
236
160
76
15.1
17.2
10.7
11.2
9.8
1,759
1,439
321
263
58
Not enrolled in school ........................................................................................
17,480
14,457
82.7
12,193
2,264
15.7
3,024
School dropouts
Completed less than 4 years of high s c h o o l...........................................
Completed 8 years of school or le s s ......................................................
Completed 1 to 3 years of high school ..................................................
4,001
944
3,057
2,727
588
2,139
68.2
62.3
70.0
1,970
441
1,528
757
147
611
27.8
24.9
28.5
1,274
356
918
High school graduates
Graduated from high s c h o o l........................................................................
Completed 4 years of high school o n ly ..................................................
Completed 1 year of college or m o re .....................................................
Completed 1 to 3 years of c o lle g e .......................................................
Completed 4 years of college or m o re ...............................................
13,479
9,523
3,956
2,534
1,422
11,730
8,111
3,619
2,261
1,357
87.0
85.2
91.5
89.3
95.4
10,223
6,923
3,301
2,060
1,241
1,506
1,189
318
201
117
12.8
14.7
8.8
8.9
8.6
1,750
1,412
337
272
65
Not enrolled in school ........................................................................................
2,922
2,109
72.2
1,296
813
38.6
813
School dropouts
Completed less than 4 years of high s c h o o l...........................................
Completed 8 years of school or le s s ......................................................
Completed 1 to 3 years of high school ..................................................
918
176
742
543
96
447
59.2
54.2
60.3
255
47
207
288
48
240
53.1
50.6
53.6
375
81
294
High school graduates
Graduated from high s c h o o l........................................................................
Completed 4 years of high school o n ly ..................................................
Completed 1 year of college or m o re .....................................................
Completed 1 to 3 years of c o lle g e .......................................................
Completed 4 years of college or m o r e ...............................................
2,005
1,523
481
407
75
1,566
1,137
430
358
71
78.1
74.6
89.3
88.1
95.7
1,041
730
311
257
54
525
406
119
102
17
33.5
35.7
27.7
28.4
438
387
52
48
3
Men
Women
White
Black
1 Data not shown where base is less than 75,000.
31
(1
)
Table B-13. Employment status of the Hlspanie-origiin population 18 to 24 years ©id by sehooi enrollment status, edueationai
attainment, and sex, Oetober 1981-82
(Mumfoers in thousands^
Civilian labor force
Characteristic
Civilian
noninstitutional
population
Unemployed
Total
Percent of
population
Employed
Total
Not in
labor force
Percent of
labor force
1981
Total, 16 to 24 ye a rs...........................................................
2,684
1,652
61.6
1,395
257
15.6
1,032
Mexican origin.............................................................................
Puerto Rican origin.....................................................................
Other Hispanic origin..................................................................
1,736
373
576
1,137
150
366
65.5
40.1
63.5
966
115
314
171
35
51
15.0
23.3
14.0
599
223
210
Enrolled in school ......................................................................
Men ..........................................................................................
Women.....................................................................................
984
517
467
374
207
168
38.1
40.0
35.9
315
170
145
60
37
23
16.0
17.9
13.6
609
310
299
Elementary or high school ......................................................
College......................................................................................
627
357
180
194
28.8
54.4
144
171
37
23
20.3
11.9
446
163
Mexican origin..........................................................................
Puerto Rican origin..................................................................
Other Hispanic origin ...............................................................
563
152
268
220
26
128
39.1
17.1
47.9
186
20
109
34
6
20
15.3
O
15.3
343
126
140
Not enrolled in school ................................................................
Men ..........................................................................................
W omen.....................................................................................
1,701
816
885
1,278
736
542
75.1
90.2
61.3
1,081
621
460
197
115
82
15.4
15.6
15.2
423
80
343
Less than 4 years of high school............................................
4 years of high school or m ore..............................................
891
810
620
658
69.6
81.2
509
572
111
86
18.0
13.1
270
152
Mexican origin..........................................................................
Puerto Rican origin..................................................................
Other Hispanic origin ...............................................................
1,172
220
308
917
124
237
78.2
56.1
77.1
780
95
206
137
28
32
15.0
23.0
13.3
256
97
70
Total, 16 to 24 years ...........................................................
2,598
1,503
57.8
1,176
326
21.7
1,096
Mexican origin.............................................................................
Puerto Rican origin.....................................................................
Other Hispanic origin ..................................................................
1,675
377
547
1,051
141
311
62.7
37.5
56.9
826
102
249
225
40
62
21.4
28.0
20.0
624
236
236
Enrolled in school ......................................................................
Men ..........................................................................................
W omen.....................................................................................
956
499
456
329
164
166
34.4
32.8
36.3
254
125
129
75
38
36
22.7
23.4
22.0
627
336
291
Elementary or high school ......................................................
College.....................................................................................
604
352
141
188
23.4
53.4
89
165
52
23
36.9
12.0
463
164
Mexican origin..........................................................................
Puerto Rican origin..................................................................
Other Hispanic origin ...............................................................
519
176
261
183
41
104
35.3
23.6
40.0
141
32
81
42
9
23
23.1
(1
)
22.0
335
135
157
Not enrolled in school ................................................................
Men ..........................................................................................
Women......................................................................................
1,643
764
879
1,174
668
506
71.4
87.5
57.5
922
522
400
252
145
106
21.4
21.8
21.0
469
96
373
Less than 4 years of high school............................................
4 years of high school or m ore..............................................
823
820
535
639
65.0
77.9
403
519
132
120
24.7
18.7
288
181
Mexican origin..........................................................................
Puerto Rican origin..................................................................
Other Hispanic origin ...............................................................
1,156
201
286
867
100
207
75.0
49.7
72.3
685
70
167
182
30
39
21.0
30.2
19.0
289
101
79
1982
1 Data not shown where base is less than 75,000.
32
B-14. Employment status of the high school graduates not enrolled in college and school dropouts 16 to 24 years old by
sex, age, and race, October 1981-82
(Num bers In thousands)
High school graduates not enrolled in college
School dropouts
Civilian labor force
Civilian labor force
Sex, age, and race
Civilian
noninstitutional
population
Civilian
noninstitutional
population
Unemployed
Total
Percent of
population
Employed
Num
ber
Percent
of
labor
force
Unemployed
Total
Percent of
population
Employed
Num
ber
Percent
of
labor
force
1981
TOTAL
16 to 24 y e a rs ..................................
16 to 17 y e a rs ...............................
18 to 19 y e a rs ...............................
20 to 21 y e a rs ...............................
22 to 24 y e a rs ...............................
15,894
126
2,840
4,399
8,529
13,729
94
2,425
3,868
7,341
86.4
74.8
85.4
87.9
86.1
12,092
80
2,003
3,367
6,643
1,637
15
423
501
698
11.9
15.7
17.4
13.0
9.5
5,143
622
1,299
1,322
1,899
3,502
347
909
948
1,298
68.1
55.8
70.0
71.7
68.3
2,559
222
621
699
1,017
943
125
288
249
280
26.9
36.0
31.7
26.3
21.6
White ..............................................
B la c k ................................................
13,691
1,937
12,009
1,534
87.7
79.2
10,811
1,120
1,197
414
10.0
27.0
4,107
913
2,889
551
70.4
60.3
2,232
285
657
266
22.7
48.3
16 to 24 y e a rs..................................
16 to 17 y e a rs ...............................
18 to 19 y e a rs ...............................
20 to 21 y e a rs ...............................
22 to 24 y e a rs ...............................
7,272
54
1,273
2,050
3,896
6,839
40
1,155
1,947
3,697
94.0
(1)
90.8
95.0
94.9
6,024
34
964
1,703
3,323
815
6
192
243
374
11.9
(1)
16.6
12.5
10.1
2,746
322
706
705
1,013
2,345
225
598
630
892
85.4
70.0
84.8
89.4
88.0
1,764
157
431
472
705
582
68
167
158
187
24.8
30.3
28.0
25.1
21.0
White ..............................................
B la c k ...............................................
6,328
832
6,027
721
95.3
86.7
5,404
539
623
182
10.3
25.3
2,234
460
1,969
345
88.1
74.9
1,547
194
422
150
21.4
43.6
16 to 24 y e a rs ..................................
16 to 17 y e a rs ...............................
18 to 19 y e a rs ...............................
20 to 21 y e a rs ...............................
22 to 24 y e a rs ...............................
8,622
73
1,567
2,349
4,633
6,890
55
1,270
1,921
3,644
79.9
(1)
81.0
81.8
78.7
6,068
46
1,039
1,664
3,320
822
9
231
258
325
11.9
(')
18.2
13.4
8.9
2,397
300
594
617
886
1,156
122
311
318
406
48.2
40.7
52.4
51.5
45.8
795
65
190
227
313
361
57
121
91
93
31.2
46.4
38.8
28.6
22.9
White ..............................................
B la c k ...............................................
7,363
1,105
5,981
813
81.2
73.5
5,407
581
574
232
9.6
28.5
1,872
453
920
206
49.1
45.5
685
90
235
116
25.5
56.2
Men
W om en
1982
TOTAL
16 to 24 y e a rs..................................
16 to 17 y e a rs ...............................
18 to 19 y e a rs ...............................
20 to 21 y e a rs ...............................
22 to 24 y e a rs ...............................
15,772
159
2,850
4,083
8,680
13,531
123
2,380
3,537
7,490
85.8
77.1
83.5
86.6
86.3
11,468
85
1,878
2,995
6,511
2,062
38
503
543
979
15.2
30.5
21.1
15.3
13.1
5,055
556
1,336
1,310
1,854
3,352
310
896
918
1,228
66.3
55.8
67.1
70.1
66.2
2,285
180
558
622
925
1,067
130
338
296
302
31.8
42.0
37.7
32.2
24.6
White ...............................................
B la c k ................................................
13,479
2,005
11,730
1,566
87.0
78.1
10,223
1,041
1,506
525
12.8
33.5
4,001
918
2,727
543
68.2
59.2
1,970
255
757
288
27.8
53.1
16 to 24 y e a rs ..................................
16 to 17 y e a rs ...............................
18 to 19 y e a rs ...............................
20 to 21 y e a rs ...............................
22 to 24 y e a rs ...............................
7,346
63
1,314
1,894
4,075
6,864
52
1,153
1,762
3,896
96.4
(1
)
87.7
93.0
95.6
5,806
34
926
1,495
3,351
1,058
18
227
267
546
15.4
O
19.7
15.2
14.0
2,601
272
709
670
950
2,193
198
568
585
842
84.3
72.7
80.0
87.3
88.7
1,508
103
365
401
640
685
95
202
184
203
31.2
48.0
35.7
31.5
24.1
White ...............................................
B la c k ................................................
6,358
848
6,003
738
94.4
87.1
5,190
511
813
227
13.5
30.7
2,041
494
1,771
366
86.8
74.2
1,295
175
476
192
26.9
52.4
16 to 24 y e a rs ..................................
16 to 17 y e a rs ...............................
18 to 19 y e a rs ...............................
20 to 21 y e a rs ...............................
22 to 24 y e a rs ...............................
8,426
96
1,536
2,189
4,605
6,667
71
1,227
1,775
3,594
79.1
73.5
79.9
81.1
78.0
5,662
51
952
1,500
3,160
1,005
19
276
276
434
15.1
(1)
22.5
15.5
12.1
2,454
284
627
640
904
1,159
112
328
333
385
47.2
39.6
52.4
52.0
42.6
777
77
193
221
286
382
35
135
112
99
33.0
31.5
41.2
33.6
25.8
White ...............................................
B la c k ................................................
7,122
1,157
5,726
828
80.4
71.6
5,033
530
693
298
12.1
36.0
1,960
427
956
176
48.8
41.6
674
80
282
96
29.4
54.6
Men
W om en
1 Data not shown where base is less than 75,000.
33
Table B-15. Unemployed 16- to 24-year olds enrolled in school, high school graduates not enrolled in college, and school
dropouts by age, sex, race, and duration of unemployment, October 1981-82
(Percent distribution)
Duration of unemployment
Total employed
Enrollment status, sex, and race
15 weeks or more
Thousands
of persons
Percent
Less than
5 weeks
5 to 14
weeks
Total
15 to 26
weeks
27 weeks
or more
1981
TOTAL
Enrolled in school ..................................................................................................................
16 to 19 years .....................................................................................................................
20 to 24 years .....................................................................................................................
1,060
854
207
100.0
100.0
100.0
51.4
52.2
48.1
35.8
36.2
33.9
12.8
11.5
18.0
8.7
8.3
10.6
4.1
3.2
7.4
High school graduates not enrolled in c o lle g e ................................................................
School d ro p o u ts .....................................................................................................................
1,637
943
100.0
100.0
45.3
46.5
30.5
28.2
24.2
25.3
14.2
11.0
10.0
14.3
Enrolled in school ..................................................................................................................
16 to 19 years .....................................................................................................................
20 to 24 years .....................................................................................................................
542
424
118
100.0
100.0
100.0
49.2
50.7
43.8
37.9
38.5
35.7
12.9
10.9
20.4
8.2
7.2
11.9
4.7
3.6
8.5
High school graduates not enrolled in college ................................................................
School d ro p o u ts .....................................................................................................................
815
582
100.0
100.0
40.3
44.7
30.4
26.5
29.3
28.8
15.9
12.6
13.4
16.2
Enrolled in school ..................................................................................................................
16 to 19 years .....................................................................................................................
20 to 24 years .....................................................................................................................
518
429
89
100.0
100.0
100.0
53.7
53.7
53.7
33.6
34.1
31.5
12.6
12.2
14.8
9.3
9.4
8.8
3.4
2.8
6.0
High school graduates not enrolled in c o lle g e ................................................................
School d ro p o u ts .....................................................................................................................
822
361
100.0
100.0
50.3
49.4
30.5
30.9
19.2
19.7
12.6
8.4
6.6
11.2
823
1,197
657
100.0
100.0
100.0
51.4
47.9
47.3
37.1
30.8
28.4
11.5
21.3
24.4
8.1
12.0
12.0
3.4
9.2
12.3
208
414
266
100.0
100.0
100.0
48.2
37.4
44.1
32.8
29.6
27.3
19.0
33.0
28.6
11.8
21.0
9.2
7.2
12.0
19.4
Men
Women
White
Enrolled in school ..................................................................................................................
High school graduates not enrolled in college ................................................................
School d ro p o u ts .....................................................................................................................
Black
Enrolled in school ..................................................................................................................
High school graduates not enrolled in college ................................................................
School d ro p o u ts .....................................................................................................................
1982
TOTAL
Enrolled in school ..................................................................................................................
16 to 19 years .....................................................................................................................
20 to 24 years ....,...............................................................................................................
1,201
915
286
100.0
100.0
100.0
45.6
46.7
42.4
36.5
38.0
31.9
17.8
15.4
25.7
11.7
10.5
15.6
6.1
4.9
10.0
High school graduates not enrolled in college ................................................................
School d ro p o u ts .....................................................................................................................
2,062
1,067
100.0
100.0
35.4
37.1
31.8
28.0
32.8
35.0
17.4
14.8
15.4
20.2
Enrolled in school .............................................................................
16 to 19 years .....................................................................................................................
20 to 24 years .....................................................................................................................
673
493
180
100.0
100.0
100.0
44.1
46.5
37.5
35.8
36.7
33.3
20.1
16.8
29.2
12.6
11.1
16.6
7.6
5.7
12.6
High school graduates not enrolled in c o lle g e ................................................................
School d ro p o u ts .....................................................................................................................
1,058
685
100.0
100.0
31.1
32.9
34.2
26.8
34.7
40.3
17.6
16.6
17.1
23.7
Enrolled in school .................................................................................................................
16 to 19 years ....................................................................................................................
20 to 24 years ....................................................................................................................
528
423
105
100.0
100.0
100.0
47.6
46.8
50.8
37.5
39.5
29.6
14.9
13.7
19.6
10.6
9.8
14.0
4.3
3.9
5.6
High school graduates not enrolled in college ................................................................
School d ro p o u ts .....................................................................................................................
1,005
382
100.0
100.0
40.0
44.6
29.3
30.0
30.7
25.4
17.1
11.5
13.5
13.9
942
1,506
757
100.0
100.0
100.0
48.8
35.1
38.1
35.5
33.3
28.5
15.8
31.6
33.5
10.7
18.2
15.6
5.1
13.4
17.9
218
525
288
100.0
100.0
100.0
34.0
36.3
33.9
40.7
27.4
27.4
25.3
36.4
38.6
14.3
15.4
13.2
11.0
20.9
25.4
Men
Women
White
Enrolled in school ..................................................................................................................
High school graduates not enrolled in c o lle g e ................................................................
School d ro p o u ts .....................................................................................................................
Black
Enrolled in school ..................................................................................................................
High school graduates not enrolled in college ................................................................
School d ro p o u ts .....................................................................................................................
34
Table B-16. Unemployed 16- to 24-year-olds enrolled in school by occupation, sex, and age, October 1981-82
(Percent distribution)
Women
Men
Occupation
Total,
16 to 24
years
16 to 17
years
Total,
16 to 24
years
18 to 24
years
16 to 17
years
18 to 24
years
1981
Total (thousands)..........................................................................
Percent.......................................................................................
542
100.0
284
100.0
259
100.0
518
100.0
258
100.0
261
100.0
White-collar workers............................................................................
Professional and technical workers ................................................
Managers and administrators, except farm .....................................
Sales workers...................................................................................
Clerical workers ...............................................................................
11.2
3.4
.4
1.7
5.7
3.4
1.7
1.1
.5
32.4
3.5
.2
5.5
23.2
20.3
1.9
-
19.8
5.3
.8
2.3
11.4
4.1
14.3
44.3
5.0
.4
6.9
32.1
Blue-collar workers..............................................................................
Craft and kindred workers...............................................................
Operatives.........................................................................................
Nonfarm laborers..............................................................................
31.7
5.6
10.9
15.2
21.9
3.2
4.9
13.8
42.5
8.3
17.4
16.8
5.6
.5
3.4
1.8
5.3
.7
2.3
2.3
6.0
.2
4.5
1.3
Service workers..................................................................................
Private household workers...............................................................
Service workers, except private household....................................
20.1
.3
19.8
20.7
.5
20.2
19.4
19.4
17.9
1.7
16.2
16.6
1.1
15.5
19.1
2.2
16.9
Farm workers......................................................................................
2.4
2.8
2.0
.3
.6
No previous work experience.............................................................
34.6
51.3
16.3
43.8
57.2
30.5
Total (thousands)..........................................................................
Percent.......................................................................................
673
100.0
336
100.0
337
100.0
528
100.0
264
100.0
264
100.0
White-collar workers............................................................................
Professional and technical workers ................................................
Managers and administrators, except farm .....................................
Sales workers...................................................................................
Clerical workers ................................................................................
11.8
2.9
1.1
3.5
4.3
4.3
.5
1.9
2.0
23.9
3.2
1.8
3.6
15.2
9.6
1.0
-
19.2
5.3
2.3
5.1
6.6
38.2
5.4
3.7
6.4
22.8
Blue-collar workers..............................................................................
Craft and kindred workers................................................................
Operatives.........................................................................................
Nonfarm laborers..............................................................................
32.3
4.8
10.3
17.2
23.4
3.3
3.7
16.4
41.2
6.4
16.8
18.0
6.8
.4
4.1
2.3
Service workers..................................................................................
Private household workers...............................................................
Service workers, except private household....................................
14.4
-
14.4
12.0
_
12.0
16.7
_
16.7
Farm workers......................................................................................
1.5
2.4
No previous work experience.............................................................
40.1
57.9
-
-
1982
35
.9
7.7
4.6
2.6
2.0
8.9
.8
5.7
2.5
18.1
.5
17.6
15.1
.2
14.9
21.1
.8
20.3
.6
.8
.2
1.4
22.4
50.4
70.5
30.3
-
Table B-17. Employed and unemployed high school graduates not enrolled in college and school dropouts 16 to 21 years old
by occupation and sex, October 1981-82
(Percent distribution)
Women
Men
High school graduates
Occupation
Employed
Employed
High
school
4 years
only
School dropouts
High school graduates
School dropouts
College,
1 year
or more
Unem
ployed
Employed
Unem
ployed
High
school
4. years
only
College,
1 year
or more
Unem
ployed
Employed
Unem
ployed
1981
Total (thousands) ........................................................
Percent......................................................................
2,274
100.0
427
100.0
441
100.0
1,059
100.0
394
100.0
2,214
100,0
534
100.0
497
100.0
483
100.0
268
100.0
White-collar workers..........................................................
Professional and technical workers...............................
Managers and administrators, except fa rm ...................
Sales workers.................................................................
Clerical workers...............................................................
16.5
3.1
3.0
4.6
5.9
32.5
9.8
7.3
4.5
10.9
8.0
.8
1.5
2.2
3.5
6.7
.7
1.7
1.0
3.3
6.0
.7
1.3
.3
3.7
60.7
2.3
3.8
7.6
47.1
74.3
14.2
3.9
10.6
45.7
41.4
2.9
.9
6.2
31.4
27.2
2.4
1.6
7.1
16.1
19.8
2.0
.7
4.5
12.7
Blue-collar workers ............................................................
Craft and kindred workers...............................................
Operatives, except transport...........................................
Transport equipment operatives.....................................
Nonfarm laborers.............................................................
65.2
21.6
19.5
6.0
18.1
46.5
14.4
10.7
6.5
15.0
55.6
17.2
10.3
6.0
22.1
68.6
21.1
24.1
6.1
17.4
51.3
13.9
13.7
3.3
20.4
15.0
1.5
10.6
.5
2.4
9.3
2.8
4.7
1.8
11.5
.3
8.0
.3
2.9
28.1
.9
23.1
.9
3.2
27.6
.7
19.8
7.1
Service workers.................................................................
Private household workers.............................................
Service workers, except private household...................
12.5
12.5
16.9
16.9
14.4
14.4
14.2
.2
14.1
19.7
19.7
23.3
2.5
20.8
15.4
.6
14.8
23.1
1.3
21.7
39.2
6.6
32.6
26.1
.9
25.2
Farm workers.....................................................................
5.8
4.1
1.1
10.5
5.6
1.0
.9
.5
5.5
2.6
-
21.0
-
17.4
No previous work experience............................................
-
-
-
23.5
-
23.8
1982
Total (thousands)........................................................
Percent......................................................................
2,070
100.0
386
100.0
512
100.0
869
100.0
482
100.0
1,966
100.0
536
100.0
571
100.0
491
100.0
283
100.0
White-collar workers..........................................................
Professional and technical workers...............................
Managers and administrators, except farm ...................
Sales w orkers.................................................................
Clerical workers..............................................................
16.6
2.1
4.4
4.6
5.5
37.2
5.9
7.9
9.9
13.5
9.4
2.0
.9
2.2
4.3
8.9
1.2
2.1
1.2
4.5
6.2
1.3
1.0
2.3
1.8
56.5
3.6
3.3
7.9
41.7
73.6
15.0
5.6
9.3
43.8
34.8
2.2
1.8
6.0
24.7
31.4
3.6
1.9
7.4
18.5
16.9
.6
5.5
10.9
Blue-collar workers ............................................................
Craft and kindred workers..............................................
Operatives, except transport...........................................
Transport equipment operatives.....................................
Nonfarm laborers.............................................................
59.8
19.2
16.1
5.1
19.3
40.9
16.4
6.7
5.6
12.3
51.9
12.0
17.0
3.4
19.4
63.2
18.8
18.3
4.4
21.8
49.6
9.7
18.6
3.3
17.9
13.1
1.6
8.4
.4
2.7
7.9
1.4
4.0
.9
1.5
11.5
1.0
8.1
.2
2.2
26.6
1.9
20.1
.7
3.8
20.0
.5
13.8
5.8
Service workers.................................................................
Private household workers.............................................
Service workers, except private household...................
16.7
16.7
17.0
17.0
14.9
14.9
17.2
.3
16.9
13.8
13.8
29.5
3.2
26.3
18.3
18.2
23.5
.5
23.0
38.1
5.7
32.4
33.1
2.8
30.3
Farm workers.....................................................................
6.9
4.9
2.2
10.7
4.7
.8
.2
.9
3.9
3.4
21.6
-
25.7
No previous work experience...........................................
-
-
36
-
-
29.3
-
26.5
Table B-18. Unemployed 16- to 21-year-olds e nrolled in school, high school graduates not enrolled in college, and school
dropouts by sex, race, and reason fo r unemployment, October 1981-82
(Percent distribution)
_____________ __ _______________________________________________________________________ ________ _
Total unemployed
School enrollment status, sex, and race
Thousands
of persons
Reason for looking for work
On
layoff
Percent
Quit
Lost job
Left
school
Wanted
temporary
job
Other1
1981
Enrolled in school
T ota l........................................................................
968
100.0
2.1
11.6
10.2
0.9
47.1
28.1
M e n ......................................................................
Women .................................................................
491
478
100.0
100.0
3.4
.9
12.2
11.0
9.0
11.4
.5
1.4
51.6
42.6
23.4
32.8
W hite....................................................................
B lack....................................................................
757
187
100.0
100.0
2.0
2.8
11.9
10.4
10.5
8.3
.9
1.0
49.1
40.2
25.5
37.4
T otal........................................................................
938
100.0
8.8
26.7
15.3
23.0
6.1
20.1
M e n ......................................................................
Women ................................................................
441
497
100.0
100.0
11.0
6.9
31.3
22.5
13.3
17.0
24.4
21.7
3.0
8.9
16.9
23.0
W hite....................................................................
B lack....................................................................
671
254
100.0
100.0
11.2
3.1
27.2
25.9
17.3
9.8
22.3
24.9
5.5
7.2
16.6
29.1
T otal........................................................................
662
100.0
10.1
32.1
14.1
17.9
4.6
21.1
M e n ......................................................................
Women .................................................................
394
268
100.0
100.0
12.4
6.7
39.3
21.6
12.0
17.3
16.3
20.4
2.7
7.6
17.4
26.5
W hite.....................................................................
B la ck....................................................................
472
177
100.0
100.0
11.7
5.9
35.5
23.3
16.2
8.6
14.7
26.9
3.5
7.9
18.4
27.5
High school graduates not enrolled in college
School dropouts
1982
Enrolled in school
T otal........................................................................
1,063
100.0
3.2
11.1
9.2
1.7
41.7
33.1
M e n ......................................................................
Women ................................................................
577
485
100.0
100.0
4.5
1.6
12.8
9.1
7.9
10.7
1.7
1.5
37.8
46.3
35.2
30.7
W hite....................................................................
B lack....................................................................
851
181
100.0
100.0
3.6
1.8
11.5
10.4
10.1
4.8
1.3
3.5
44.2
33.2
29.2
46.4
T otal........................................................................
1,083
100.0
9.5
34.0
10.0
25.6
5.2
15.7
M e n .......................................................................
Women .................................................................
512
571
100.0
100.0
14.2
5.3
39.0
29.5
7.3
12.4
27.3
24.1
4.1
6.1
8.1
22.6
W hite.....................................................................
B la ck.....................................................................
789
279
100.0
100.0
12.3
1.6
36.1
28.1
10.6
7.8
21.9
36.4
5.9
3.2
13.3
22.9
T otal........................................................................
764
100.0
9.6
35.2
8.7
18.6
6.0
21.8
M e n ......................................................................
Women .................................................................
482
283
100.0
100.0
11.7
5.9
41.2
25.1
5.8
13.6
22.3
12.5
3.6
10.1
15.4
32.8
W hite.....................................................................
B la ck.....................................................................
551
198
100.0
100.0
11.9
3.9
35.0
35.9
10.1
4.1
17.6
21.7
5.2
8.0
20.2
26.4
High school graduates not enrolled in college
School dropouts
1 Includes financial reasons and discharge from the Armed Forces.
37
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V
1371 Peachtree Street, N.E.
Atlanta, Ga. 30367
Phone: (404) 881-4418
Regions VII and ¥SS!
911 Walnut Street
Kansas City, Mo. 64106
Phone: (816) 374-2481
Region IS
Suite 3400
1515 Broadway
New York, N.Y. 10036
Phone: (212) 944-3121
Region ¥
9th Floor
Federal Office Building
230 S. Dearborn Street
Chicago, III. 60604
Phone: (312) 353-1880
Regions S and X
X
450 Golden Gate Avenue
Box 36017
San Francisco, Calif. 94102
Phone: (415) 556-4678
Region IS
S
3535 Market Street
P.O. Box 13309
Philadelphia, Pa. 19101
Phone: (215) 596-1154
Region ¥1
Second Floor
555 Griffin Square Building
Dallas, Tex. 75202
Phone: (214) 767-6971
Region S
1603 JFK Federal Building
Government Center
Boston, Mass. 02203
Phone: (617) 223-6761
