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Students, Graduates, and Dropouts, October U.S, Department of Labor Bureau of Labor Statistics December 1983 L S . S ' . %% p e c ia l Labor Force Report s Bulletin 2192 j Students, Graduates, and Dropouts, October 1080-82 U.S. Department of Labor Raymond J. Donovan, Secretary Bureau of Labor Statistics Janet L. Norwood, Commissioner December 1983 Bulletin 2192 For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C. 20402 Preface This bulletin on school-age youth is part of the Special Labor Force Reports series. It discusses 1981-82 changes in the labor force activity o f students, graduates, and dropouts. The article was initially published in the Monthly Labor Review, August 1983, and is reprinted with additional tabular material and an explanatory note. The data were compiled from supplementary ques tions to the October 1981 and 1982 Current Population Survey (CPS) conducted and tabulated by the Bureau of the Census for the Bureau o f Labor Statistics. The data for 1980 were retabulated from the October 1980 CPS using 1980 census population weights, and may differ from those previously published. Material in this publication is in the public domain and may, with appropriate credit, be reproduced without permission. Page Youth labor force marked turning point in 1982 .............................................................. 1 Appendix A. Explanatory n o te .......................................................................................... 5 Appendix B. Supplementary tab les:................................................................................. 10 Revised 1980 data: B- 1. Employment status o f the population 16 to 24 years old by school enrollment, years of school completed, and sex, October 1980 ............................................................................................... B- 2. Employment status of the population 16 to 24 years old by school enrollment, years of school completed, race, Hispanic origin, and sex, October1980 .................................................................................. 10 11 1981-82 data: B- 3. School enrollment and employment status of 1981 high school graduates and 1980-81 school dropouts 16 to 24 years old by sex, race, and Hispanic origin, October 1981................................................. B- 4. Employment status of the population 16 to 34 years old by school enrollment, age, sex, and race, October 1981-82 .................................. B- 5. Employment status of the population 16 to 34 years old enrolled in school by sex, age, and type of school, October 1981-82................. B- 6. Employment status of the population 16 to 34 years old enrolled in school by race, sex, age, and type o f school, October 1981-82 . . . . B- 7. Employed 16- to 24-year-olds enrolled in school, high school graduates not enrolled in college, and school dropouts by sex and occupation, October 1981.......................................................................... B- 8. Employed 16- to 24-year-olds enrolled in school, high school graduates not enrolled in college, and school dropouts by sex and occupation, October 1982 .......................................................................... B- 9. Employed 16- to 24-year-olds enrolled in school, high school graduates not enrolled in college, and school dropouts by sex, industry, and class o f worker, October 1981.......................................... B-10. Employed 16- to 24-year-olds enrolled in school, recent high school graduates not enrolled in college, and school dropouts by sex, industry, and class o f worker, October 1982.......................................... B -ll. Employed 16- to 24-year-olds enrolled in school by occupation, industry, class o f worker, sex, age, and race, October 1981-82 ......... B-12. Employment status of the population 16 to 24 year olds not enrolled in school by educational attainment, sex, and race, October 1981-82 ........................................................................................... B-13. Employment status of the Hispanic-origin population 16 to 24 years old by school enrollment status, educational attainment, and sex, October 1981-82 ........................................................................ B-14. Employment status of high school graduates not enrolled in college and school dropouts 16 to 24 years old by sex, age, and race, October 1981-82 ........................................................................................... V 13 14 20 22 24 25 26 27 28 30 32 33 Contents—Continued B-15. Unemployed 16- to 24-year-olds enrolled in school, high school graduates not enrolled in college, and school dropouts by age, sex, race, and duration o f unemployment, October 1981-82 ............... ....................................................................... .... B-16. Unemployed 16- to 24-year-olds enrolled in school by occupation, sex, and age, October 1981-82............................................. B-17. Employed and unemployed high school graduates not enrolled in college, and school dropouts 16 to 21 years old by occupation and sex, October 1981-82 ..................................................... B-18. Unemployed 16- to 21-year-olds enrolled in school, high school graduates not enrolled in college, and school dropouts by sex, race, and reason for unemployment, October 1981-82 ..................................................... ...................................... vi 34 35 36 37 Y outh lab or fo re e marksdl turning point in 1DS2 A nne M cD ougall Y oung school will probably decline through the 1980’s, as smaller cohorts of youth pass through the conventional school age groups.2 Labor force participation rates for most student and non student groups either drifted down or were not significantly changed between October of 1981 and 1982. (See table 2.) An apparent rise in labor force activity among black students A turning point in the composition of the youth labor force was reached in 1982, as the last of the post-World War II baby-boom generation completed high school. Since reach ing a peak in October 1979, the l6-to-24-year-old labor force has dropped by 850,000, with 60 percent of the de crease occurring between October 1981 and October 1982.1 (See table 1.) The number of young people completing high Tab le 1. E m ploym ent status of persons 16 to 24 years old, by school en ro llm en t status, years of school co m p leted , and sex, O ctober 1 9 8 1 -8 2 [Numbers in thousands] C h a r a c te r is tic C iv ilia n n o n in s titu tio n a l p o p u la tio n C iv ilia n la b o r fo rc e P a r tic ip a tio n ra te U n e m p lo y e d U n e m p lo y m e n t ra te 1981 Total, 16 to 24 y e a rs .................................................................. 1982 1981 1982 1981 1982 1981 1982 1981 1982 36,946 36,452 24,583 24,076 66.5 66.0 3,642 4,331 14.8 18.0 15,909 11,208 4,701 8,108 7,800 6,503 1,297 8.150 4,224 3,925 3,324 601 7,759 3,884 3.875 3,179 696 15,624 10,725 4,897 7,701 7,923 6,546 1,377 7,991 4,045 3,945 3,336 609 7,633 3,656 3,978 3,210 768 7,352 4,706 2,646 3,276 4,076 2,901 1,175 3,803 1,805 1,998 1,438 560 3,549 1,471 2,078 1.463 615 7,194 4,398 2,796 2,970 4,222 2,992 1,230 3,628 1,589 2,038 1,481 557 3,566 1,381 2,184 1,511 673 46.2 42.0 56.3 40.4 52.3 44.6 90.6 46.7 42.7 50.9 43.3 93.2 45.7 37.9 53.6 46.0 88.4 46.0 41.0 57.1 38.6 53.3 45.7 89.3 45.4 39.3 51.7 44.9 91.5 46.7 37.8 54.9 47.1 87.6 1,062 855 207 655 406 346 60 543 348 194 167 27 519 307 212 179 33 1,202 916 286 707 496 381 115 674 417 258 186 72 528 290 238 195 43 14.4 18.2 7.8 20.0 10.0 11.9 5.1 14.3 19.3 10.2 11.6 4.8 14.6 20.9 10.5 12.2 5.4 16.7 20.8 10.2 23.8 11.7 12.7 9.3 18.6 26.2 12.7 12.6 12.9 14.8 21.0 10.9 12.9 6.4 21,037 4,887 16,150 10,018 2,746 1,028 1,718 5,360 1,280 632 11,019 2,396 893 1,504 6,091 1,646 885 20,828 4,901 15,926 9,947 2,600 981 1,620 5,313 1,333 701 10,881 2,455 910 1,545 5,903 1,691 833 17,231 3,776 13,455 9,185 2,346 824 1,523 5,002 1,229 608 8,046 1,155 434 723 4,671 1,384 835 16,882 3,709 13,173 9,056 2,193 765 1,428 4,915 1,262 687 7,826 1,159 442 719 4,464 1,428 775 81.9 77.3 83.3 91.7 85.4 80.2 88.6 93.3 96.0 96.2 73.0 48.2 48.6 48.1 76.7 84.1 94.4 81.1 75.7 82.7 91.0 84.3 78.0 88.1 92.5 94.7 98.0 71.9 47.2 48.6 46.5 75.6 84.4 93.0 2,580 850 1,729 1,397 582 236 346 673 100 42 1,183 361 178 183 663 125 34 3,129 1,009 2,120 1,742 684 297 387 851 148 58 1,387 382 172 212 769 160 76 15.0 22.5 12.9 15.2 24.8 28.6 22.7 13.5 8.1 6.9 14.7 31.2 41.0 25.3 14.2 9.0 4.1 JL8.5 27.2 16.1 19.2 31.2 38.8 27.1 17.3 11.7 8.4 17.7 33.0 38.9 29.5 17.2 11.2 9.8 ENRO LLED Total, 16 to 24 y e a rs ................................................................................ 16 to 19 years ..................................................................................... 20 to 24 years ..................................................................................... High school . . .■.................................................................................. College .................................................................................................. Full-time stud ents............................................................................. Part-time students .......................................................................... Men, 16 to 24 years .......................................................................... High school ..................................................................................... College ............................................................................................. Full-time s tu d e n ts ....................................................................... Part-time s tu d e n ts....................................................................... Women, 16 to 24 years .................................................................... High school ..................................................................................... College ............................................................................................. Full-time s tu d e n ts ....................................................................... Part-time s tu d e n ts....................................................................... NO T ENRO LLED Total, 16 to 24 y e a rs ............................................................................... 16 to 19 years ..................................................................................... 20 to 24 years ..................................................................................... Men, 16 to 24 years .......................................................................... Less than 4 years of high s c h o o l................................................. 16 to 19 years ............................................................................. 20 to 24 years ............................................................................. 4 years of high school .................................................................. 1 to 3 years of college .................................................................. 4 years of college or m o r e ............................................................ Women, 16 to 24 years ...........• ....................................................... Less than 4 years of high s c h o o l................................................. 16 to 19 years ............................................................................. 20 to 24 years ............................................................................. 4 years of high school .................................................................. 1 to 3 years of college .................................................................. 4 years of college or m o r e ............................................................ Note: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals. Anne McDougall Young is an economist in the Division of Employment and Unemployment Analysis, Bureau of Labor Statistics. 1 was not statistically significant, reflecting the relatively large variance in small sample estimates. Most of the slippage in the participation rate for students, which began in 1978, occurred among teenagers, especially those 16 and 17 years old. Reasons for this decline include discouragement with the prospects of getting a job in a slack labor market and T ab le 2. E m ploym ent status of persons 16 to 24 years old, by school en ro llm en t status, years of school com p le te d , race, H ispanic origin, and sex, O ctober 1 9 8 1 -8 2 [Numbers in thousands] C h a r a c te r is tic C iv ilia n n o n in s titu tio n a l p o p u la tio n C iv ilia n la b o r fo rc e P a r tic ip a tio n ra te U n e m p lo y m e n t ra te U n e m p lo y e d 1981 1982 1981 1982 1981 1982 Enrolled, total, 16 to 24 y e a rs ............................................................... 16 to 19 years ..................................................................................... 20 to 24 years ..................................................................................... Men ......................... .......................................................................... Women ................................................................................................... High school .......................................................................................... College ................................................................................................... 13,312 9,285 4,027 6,853 6,459 6.572 6.740 13,010 8,873 4,317 6,662 6,348 6,206 6,804 6,577 4,242 2,335 3,432 3,145 2,946 3,632 6,400 3,967 2,431 3,221 3,179 2,668 3,730 49.4 45.7 58.0 50.1 48.7 44.8 53.9 49.2 44.7 58.8 48.3 50.1 43.0 54.8 820 663 160 453 368 501 320 Not enrolled, total, 16 to 24 years ....................................................... Men ........................................................................................................ Women ................................................................................................... 17,797 8,562 9,236 17,481 8,399 9,082 14,898 7,996 6,902 14,457 7,774 6,683 83.7 93.4 74.7 82.7 92.6 73.6 School completed: High school: Less than 4 years ............................................................................. 4 years ............................................................................................. 4,107 9,778 4,001 9,524 2,889 8,417 2,727 8,111 70.4 86.1 College: 1 to 3 years ..................................................................................... 4 years ............................................................................................. 2,511 1,402 2,533 1,423 2,253 1,339 2,261 1,357 Enrolled, total, 16 to 24 y e a rs ............................................................... 16 to 19 years .............................................................................1. . . 20 to 24 years ..................................................................................... Men ........................................................................................................ W o m e n ................................................................................................... High school ........................................................................................... College ................................................................................................... 2,083 1,598 485 1,010 1,072 1,303 780 2,062 1,519 544 996 1,066 1,274 788 598 368 229 278 320 280 317 Not enrolled, total, 16 to 24 years ....................................................... Men ........................................................................................................ W o m e n ................................................................................................... 2,850 1,292 1,558 2,923 1,341 1,581 School completed: High school: Less than 4 years ............................................................................. 4 years ............................................................................................. 913 1,501 College: 1 to 3 years ..................................................................................... 4 years or m o re ............................................................................... 1981 1982 1981 1982 942 744 198 523 419 565 380 12.5 15.6 6.8 13.2 11.7 17.0 8.8 14.7 18.7 8.2 16.2 13.2 21.2 10.2 1,854 1,045 809 2,264 1,289 975 12.4 13.1 11.7 15.7 16.6 14.6 68.2 85.2 657 980 758 1,188 22.7 11.6 27.8 14.6 89.7 95.5 89.3 95.4 149 68 201 117 6.6 5.1 8.9 8.6 591 319 271 293 298 237 350 28.7 23.0 47.3 27.5 29.9 21.5 40.6 28.7 21.0 49.8 29.4 28.0 18.6 44.4 207 167 42 72 135 138 71 217 149 68 122 95 125 93 34.6 45.3 18.1 25.9 42.2 49.3 22.4 36.7 46.7 25.3 41.6 31.9 52.7 26.6 2,085 1,065 1,019 2,109 1,105 1,005 73.2 82.4 65.4 72.2 82.4 63.6 680 332 349 814 419 395 32.6 31.2 34.2 38.6 37.9 39.3 917 1,523 551 1,144 544 1,137 60.4 76.2 59.3 74.7 266 338 288 406 48.3 29.6 52.9 35.7 348 88 407 74 306 84 359 71 87.9 95.5 88.2 (D 69 7 102 17 22.5 8.3 28.4 (D Enrolled, total, 16 to 24 y e a rs ............................................................... 16 to 19 years ..................................................................................... 20 to 24 years ..................................................................................... Men ........................................................................................................ W o m e n ................................................................................................... High school ........................................................................................... College ................................................................................................... 984 752 232 517 467 627 357 955 746 209 499 456 605 351 374 227 148 207 167 180 194 330 203 124 163 164 142 189 38.1 30.2 63.8 40.0 35.8 28.7 54.4 34.6 27.2 59.3 32.7 36.0 23.5 53.8 60 44 15 37 22 36 23 74 60 15 38 37 52 24 16.0 19.4 10.1 17.9 13.2 20.0 11.9 22.4 29.6 12.1 23.3 22.6 36.6 12.7 Not enrolled, total, 16 to 24 years ...................................................... Men ........................................................................................................ W o m e n ................................................................................................... 1,701 816 885 1,643 764 879 1,278 736 542 1,171 668 506 75.1 90.2 61.3 71.3 87.4 57.6 197 115 82 251 145 106 15.4 15.6 15.2 21.4 21.7 20.9 School completed: High school: Less than 4 years ............................................................................. 4 years ............................................................................................. 891 634 822 616 620 501 534 468 69.6 79.0 65.0 76.0 111 75 132 93 18.0 15.0 24.7 19.9 College: 1 to 3 years ..................................................................................... 4 years or m o r e ............................................................................... 141 36 157 46 123 33 125 45 87.2 (D 79.6 (1) 10 1 19 6 8.1 (D 15.2 (D W H IT E BLA C K H IS P A N IC O R IG IN 1Data not shown where base is less than 75,000. Note: Detail for the above race and Hispanic-origin groups will not add to totals because data for the "other races" group are not presented and Hispanics are included in both the white and black population groups. Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not e9ual totals, 2 greater competition, mostly with adult women, for part-time work. Among youth not in school, the trend generally has paralleled that of adults 25 years and over, with the rates for men moving slowly down, while those for women have been rising. Between October of 1981 and 1982, even these women were feeling the effects of the labor market pinch and their participation rate edged down. In October 1982, white youth had the highest labor force participation rates, followed by Hispanics and blacks. These patterns have persisted historically among both high school and college students, as well as among youth no longer in school. Among young men out of school, the participation rate for Hispanics was midway between those of whites and blacks. Hispanic women out of school continued to have the lowest participation rate among all youth 16 to 24. Tab le 4. S chool en ro llm e n t and labor force status of 1982 high school g raduates and 1 9 8 1 -8 2 school dropo uts 16 to 24 years old by sex, race, and H ispanic origin, O ctober 1982 [Numbers in thousands] C h a r a c te r is tic 3,485 100.0 8.4 91.6 2,510 100.0 35.2 64.8 2,703 100.0 64.2 35.8 100.0 5.5 6.1 9.9 24.6 2.0 6.8 2.0 5.5 2.0 25.6 9.9 100.0 20.5 8.4 6.6 27.0 7.8 6.4 1.1 4.2 .2 16.3 1.5 100.0 1.4 3.6 5.0 19.4 11.9 14.6 3.4 12.6 1.7 19.4 6.8 100.0 11.6 7.5 5.4 22.3 13.2 12.5 3.5 7.8 .5 12.6 3.6 Employed part time, percent distribution . . Professional and technical workers . . . . Managers and administrators, except farm Salesw orkers................................................. Clerical w o rk e rs ............................................ Craft and kindred workers ......................... Operatives, except tra n s p o rt...................... Transport equipment operatives................ Nonfarm la b o re rs ................ ........................ Private household w o rk e rs ........................ Other service w o rk e rs ................................. Farm workers .............................................. 100.0 3.5 .6 12.3 21.4 1.3 3.3 1.8 14.3 4.7 33.5 3.4 100.0 17.2 2.2 12.1 26.1 3.0 3.0 1.6 7.4 1.7 25.2 .6 100.0 1.3 .6 8.5 18.9 6.8 8.8 1.3 12.6 2.5 33.5 5.2 100.0 6.6 1.8 7.0 19.9 8.4 9.9 2.3 10.3 2.8 29.4 1.6 1,952 63.0 1.512 440 22.5 1.508 1.592 2,644 384 174 976 976 1,708 211 99 64.7 61.3 64.5 54.9 57.0 769 743 1.383 99 65 207 233 325 112 34 21.2 23.9 19.0 53.0 34.3 1,568 739 829 695 316 379 44.3 42.8 45.7 586 270 316 109 46 63 15.7 14.6 16.6 1,419 577 40.6 483 94 16.3 149 1,376 140 75 118 635 42 25 79.2 46.1 30.0 33.3 103 540 28 22 15 95 14 3 12.7 15.0 (2) (2) 1,532 769 763 1,268 244 99 1,257 660 597 1,073 169 74 82.0 85.8 78.2 84.6 69.3 74.7 926 499 427 843 71 43 331 161 170 230 98 31 26.3 24.4 28.5 21.4 58.0 (2) 668 421 63.0 246 175 41.6 355 313 216 272 149 109 76.6 47.6 50.5 "154 92 67 118 57 42 43.4 38.3 38.5 96 513 135 73 40 344 70 45 41.7 67.1 51.9 (2) 25 220 20 26 15 124 50 19 (2) 36.0 (2) (2) 1Data refer to persons who dropped out of school between October 1981 and October 1982. In addition. 59,000 persons 14 and 15 years old dropped out of school during this period. 2Data not shown where base is less than 75.000. Note: Detail for white, black, and Hispanic-origin groups will not add to totals because data for the "other races" group are not presented and Hispanics are included in both the white and black population groups. Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals. 11,053 100.0 82.6 17.4 Employed full time, percent distribution . . . Professional and technical workers . . . . Managers and administrators, except farm Salesw orkers................................................. Clerical w o rk e rs ............................................ Craft and kindred workers ......................... Operatives, except tra n s p o rt...................... Transport equipment operatives................ Nonfarm la b o re rs ......................................... Private household w o rk e rs ......................... Other service w o rk e rs ................................. Farm workers .............................................. 3.100 Men ................. Women ........... S in g le ........... Other marital status . . . W h ite ................ B la c k ................. Hispanic origin 2 0 to 24 ye a rs Total em ployed....................................................... Percent ......................................................... Full time ............................................................ Part t im e ............................................................ P e rc e n t Total, 1981-82 school dropouts1 N o t e n r o lle d 1 6 to 19 years Num ber Not enrolled in college ........... Men ................. Women ........... W h ite ................ B la c k ................ Hispanic origin. [Numbers, in thousands] 2 0 to 24 ye a rs U n e m p lo y e d P a r tic ip a tio n ra te Enrolled in college Men ................ Women . . . . . Full-time students . . . Part-time students . . . W h ite ................. B la c k ................ Hispanic origin. Tab le 3. O ccupation o f em ployed persons 16 to 24 years old by school enrollm ent status and age, O ctober 1982 1 6 to 19 ye a rs Num ber Men ................. Women . . . . . . W h ite ................ B la c k ................. Hispanic origin. Unemployment rates for students and youth not in school rose sharply over the year ending in October 1982, reaching 16.7 and 18.5 percent, respectively. In past decades, stu dents, most of whom seek part-time jobs, had higher un employment rates than out-of-school youth. Beginning in 1980, this situation was reversed, partly because of the “ aging” of the student group. Fewer students are now 16 and 17, ages at which unemployment rates are highest. Also, youth not in school, most of whom prefer full-time work, were experiencing difficulties in a slow job market. E m p lo y m e n t s ta tu s a n d o c c u p a tio n C iv ilia n la b o r fo rc e Total, 1982 high school graduates U nem ploym ent rates E n ro lle d C iv ilia n n o n in s titu tio n a l p o p u la tio n Unemployment rates increased sharply for white students and nonstudents over the year. Rates for black students in both high school and college showed no significant overthe-year change, but out-of-school black youth experienced substantial increases. Jobless rates for black youth were more than twice those of white youth across every educa tional attainment category. Among Hispanics, both students and those not in school experienced increased unemploy ment between October 1981 and 1982. Their unemployment rates remained between those of whites and blacks. O ccupations The school enrollment status of youth is, of course, a major controlling factor in the occupational distribution of these workers. With worktime limited by class schedules, most students are employed only part time in jobs which 3 than their teenage counterparts to be in professional-tech nical and managerial jobs; relatively few were nonfarm la borers or service workers. Table 5. P ercent of recent high school graduates 16 to 24 years old enrolled in college by year of graduation, and race Y e a r of g ra d u a tio n 1970 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 .................................................................... ..................................................................... ..................................................................... .................................................................... .................................................................... .................................................................... .................................................................... .................................................................... .................................................................... .................................................................... .................................................................... .................................................................... .................................................................... T o ta l W h ite B la c k 1 52 53 49 47 48 51 49 51 50 49 49 54 51 52 54 49 48 47 51 49 51 50 50 50 55 52 48 47 48 35 51 46 48 50 46 46 43 43 36 High school graduates and dropouts in 1982 About half (51 percent) of the 3.1 million youth who had graduated from high school in 1982 were enrolled in college by October. (See table 4.) This proportion was 3 percentage points lower than the 1981 peak, with little difference be tween men and women. However, after having been rea sonably close for most years during the 1970’s, the differences between college enrollment rates of whites and blacks wid ened in the early 1980’s, with a particularly big drop be tween October of 1981 and 1982. A sharp decline in black enrollment was the principal cause of this widening gap. (See table 5.) Eighty-two percent of the new high school graduates not enrolled in college were in the labor force by October 1982. Poor economic conditions led to a sharply higher unem ployment rate— 26.3 versus 21.4 percent— for the yearearlier graduates. The number of youth who dropped out of school over the year— 670,000— was lower than in recent years, reflecting primarily a decline in the population of 16-year-olds. At 41.6 percent, the unemployment rate for recent dropouts was more than 1.8 times the rate of the year’s new high school graduates. □ 1Black and other races, 1970-76; black only, 1977-82. can accommodate varying working hours. In October 1982, 6 of 10 teenage students employed part time were clerical, private household, or service workers. (See table 3.) Teen agers not enrolled in school usually held full-time jobs. While the largest proportions were also in clerical and ser vice jobs, 4 of 10 were operatives, nonfarm laborers, or craft workers. Two-thirds of the 20- to 24-year-old students worked part time, with the largest proportions in clerical and service occupations. While 17 percent held professional or technical jobs, perhaps related to their college studies, only 3 percent of the teenage students held such jobs. The out-of-school youth 20 to 24 who worked full time were far more likely ■FOOTNOTES1This report is based primarily on supplementary questions in the Oc tober 1982 Current Population Survey ( c p s ), conducted and tabulated for the Bureau o f Labor Statistics by the Bureau of the Census. Most data relate to persons 16 to 24 years of age in the civilian noninstitutional population in the week ending Oct. 16, 1982. Sampling variability may be relatively large in cases where the numbers are small. Small estimates, or small differences between estimates, should be interpreted with caution. Standard errors for school age youth data were published in Special Labor Force Report 241, Bureau of Labor Statistics. For the most recent report in this series, see Anne McDougall Young. “ Labor force patterns of students, graduates, and dropouts, 1981," Monthly Labor Review, September 1982, pp. 3 9 -4 2 . 2 See Preliminary Estimates o f the Population o f the United States hv Age, Sex and Race: 1970 to 1981, Current Population Reports, Series P 25, No. 917 (U .S. Bureau of the Census, 1982). table 3. 4 Appendix h , Explanatory N@f© school education. Persons who had not graduated, that is, school dropouts, were asked when they last attended a regular school. Those who were enrolled in college at the time o f the survey were also asked when they graduated from high school. Educational attainment applies to years o f school completed in regular schools, which include graded public, private, and parochial elementary and high schools, colleges, universities, and professional schools, whether day schools or night schools. Thus, regular schooling is that which could be expected to advance a person to an elementary certificate; a high school diploma; or a college, university, or professional school degree. The civilian labor force comprises all civilians classified as employed or unemployed in accordance with the criteria described below. Employed persons are (a) all civilians who, during the survey week, did any work at all as paid employees, in their own business, profession, or on their own farm, or who worked 15 hours or more as unpaid workers in an enterprise operated by a member o f the family; and (b) all those who were not working but who had jobs or businesses from which they were temporarily absent because o f illness, bad weather, vacation, labormanagement disputes, or personal reasons, whether they were paid for the time o ff or were seeking other jobs. Each employed person is counted only once. Those who held more than one job are counted in the job at which they worked the greatest number o f hours during the survey week. Unemployed persons are all civilians who had no employment during the survey week, were available for work, except for temporary illness, and (a) had made specific efforts to find employment sometime during the prior 4 weeks, or (b) were waiting to be recalled to a job from which they had been laid off, or (c) were waiting to report to a new job within 30 days. Duration o f unemployment represents the length of time (through the current survey week) during which persons classified as unemployed had been continuously looking for work. For persons on layoff, duration o f unemployment represents the number o f full weeks since the termination o f their most recent employment. A period o f 2 weeks or more during which a person was employed or ceased looking for work is considered to break the continuity o f the present period o f seeking work. Measurements o f mean and median duration are Statistics on the labor force, employment, unemploy ment, and persons not in the labor force, classified by a variety o f demographic, social, and economic characteristics are derived from the Current Population Survey (CPS), which is conducted by the Bureau o f the Census for the Bureau o f Labor Statistics. The informa tion is collected by trained interviewers from a sample o f about 60,000 households, representing 629 areas in 1,148 counties and independent cities, with coverage in 50 States and the District o f Columbia. The estimates in this bulletin are based on supplemen tary questions in the October 1980, 1981, and 1982 CPS. These estimates relate to persons 16 to 34 years o f age in the civilian noninstitutional population in the calendar week which included October 12th of each year. C©oe@pts and Definitions The concepts, definitions, and estimating methods us ed in the survey, as well as indicators o f the reliability of the data are briefly described below. A more detailed description of the survey appears in Concepts and Methods Used in Labor Force Statistics Derived From the Current Population Survey, BLS Report 463, and in the Explanatory Notes o f the BLS monthly publication, Employment and Earnings. School enrollment statistics are based on replies to the inquiry as to whether the person was enrolled in day or night school in any type of public, parochial, or other private school in the regular school system. Such schools include elementary schools, junior or senior high schools, and colleges or universities. Persons enrolled in special schools not in the regular school system, such as trade schools or business colleges, are not included. Persons enrolled in classes which do not require their physical presence such as correspondence courses or other courses o f independent study, and training courses given directly on the job, are not reported as enrolled in school. Full- and part-time enrollment is defined as follows: A person is classified as enrolled full time if he or she is taking 12 or more hours of classes during an average school week; part time if taking fewer hours. High school graduation status is based on replies to the following inquiries. Persons who were not enrolled in school at the time o f the survey were asked whether they had graduated from high school. Those who had graduated were asked when they completed their high 5 whom they are related by blood or marriage. Hours o f work statistics relate to the actual number o f hours worked during the survey week. For example, persons who normally work 40 hours a week but were off on the Columbus Day holiday would be reported as working 32 hours even though they were paid for the holiday. For persons working in more than one job, the figures relate to the number of hours worked in all jobs during the week; all the hours are credited to the major job. Full-time workers are persons who worked 35 hours or more during the survey week. Part-time workers are those who worked 1 to 34 hours during the survey week. Age is based on the age o f the respondent at his or her last birthday. White, black, and other are terms used to describe the race of workers. Included in the “ other” group are American Indians, Alaskan Natives, Asians, and Pacific Islanders, and any other race except white and black. All tables in this bulletin which contain racial data present data for the black population group. Because of their relatively small sample size, data for “ other” races are not published. In the enumeration process, race is determined by the household respon dent. Hispanic origin refers to persons who identified themselves in the enumeration process as Mexican, Puerto Rican living on the mainland, Cuban, Central or South American, or of other Hispanic origin or descent. Persons of Hispanic origin may be o f any race; thus they are included in both the white and black population groups. Single, never married; married, spouse present; and other marital status are terms used to define the marital status o f individuals at the time o f interview. Married , spouse present, applies to husband and wife if both were reported as members o f the same household even though one may be temporarily absent on business, vacation, on a visit, in a hospital, etc. Other marital status applies to persons who are married, spouse ab sent; widowed; or divorced. Married, spouse absent, in cludes persons who are separated because of marital discord, as well as persons who are living apart because either the husband or the wife was employed and living away from home, serving in the Armed Forces, or had a different place o f residence for any reason. computed from a distribution of single weeks of unemployment. Unemployment is also categorized according to the status o f individuals at the time they began to look for work. The reasons for unemployment are divided into four major groups. (1) Job losers are persons whose emloyment ended involuntarily who immediately began looking for work, and persons on layoff. (2) Job leavers are persons who quit or otherwise terminated their employment voluntarily and immediately began looking for work. (3) Reentrants are persons who previously worked at a full-time job lasting 2 weeks or longer but were out o f the labor force prior to beginning to look for work. (4) New entrants are persons who never work ed at a full-time job lasting 2 weeks or longer. The unemployment rate fo r all civilian workers represents the number unemployed as a percent of the civilian labor force. This measure can also be computed for groups within the labor force classified by sex, age, race, Hispanic origin, marital status, etc. Not in the labor force includes all persons who are not classified as employed or unemployed. These persons are further classified as engaged in own home housework, in school, unable to work because of long term physical or mental illness, retired, and other. The “ other” group includes individuals reported as too old or temporarily unable to work, the voluntarily idle, seasonal workers for whom the survey week fell in an o ff season and who were not reported as looking for work, and persons who did not look for work because they believed that no jobs were available in the area or that no jobs were available for which they could qualifydiscouraged workers. Persons doing only incidental, unpaid family work (less than 15 hours in the specified week) are also classified as not in labor force. Occupation, industry, and class o f worker for the employed apply to the job held in the survey week. Per sons with two or more jobs are classified in the job at which they worked the greatest number of hours during the survey week. The unemployed are classified accord ing to their last full-time job lasting 2 weeks or more. The classifications o f occupations and industries used in data derived from the CPS through 1982 are defined as in the 1970 census. Information on the detailed categories included in these groups is available upon request. The class-of-worker breakdown specifies wage and salary workers, self-employed workers, and unpaid family workers. Wage and salary workers receive wages, salaries, commissions, tips, or pay in kind from a private employer or from a government unit. Selfemployed persons are those who work for profit or fees in their own business, profession, or trade, or operate a farm. Unpaid family workers are persons working without pay for 15 hours a week or more on a farm or in a business operated by a member of the household to E s tim atin g ila th o d s The estimating procedure used in this survey inflates weighed sample results to independent estimates o f the civilian noninstitutional population by age, sex, race, and residence. These independent estimates are based on data from the 1980 census and other statistics on births, deaths, immigration, emigration, and the Armed Forces. 6 R oynding ©f th@ ©animates The following examples illustrate the use o f these tables. Table B-4 o f the supplementary tables show that 3.628.000 men 16 to 24 years old enrolled in school were in the labor force in October 1982. The population of this sex-age group, both enrolled and not enrolled, was 17,938,000. Table A -l shows the standard error on the labor force estimate to be approximately 73,600. Thus, the chances are about 68 out of 100 that the difference between the sample estimate and a complete census count would be less than 73,600. The chances are 95 out o f 100 that the difference would be less than 147,200. The 3,628,000 men represented 45.4 percent of the total 16- to 24-year-old male population enrolled in school. Table A-4 shows the standard error of 45.4 per cent with a base of 7,991,000 (population) to be about 0.8 percent. Consequently, the chances are 68 out of 100 that a complete census count would have disclosed the figure to be between 44.6 and 46.2 percent, and 95 out of 100 that the figure would have been between 43.8 and 47.0 percent. The reliability of an estimated percentage, computed using sample data for both numerator and denominator, depends upon both the size o f the percentage and the total upon which the percentage is based. Estimated percentages are relatively more reliable than the cor responding estimates of the numerator of the percent ages; this is particularly true for percentages of 50 percent or more. As a general rule, percentages are not published when the monthly base of the measure is less than 75,000. Because of the large standard errors involved, there is little chance that summary measures would reveal useful infor mation when computed on a smaller base. Estimated numbers are shown, however, even though the relative standard errors of these numbers are larger than those for corresponding percentages. These smaller estimates are provided primarily to permit such combinations of the categories as serve each user’s needs. The sums of individual items may not always equal the totals shown in the same tables because o f indepen dent rounding of the totals and components to the nearest thousand. Similarily, sums o f percent distribu tions may not always equal 100 percent because of round ing. Differences, however, are insignificant. R e liab ility ©f e s tim a te s Since the estimates are based on a sample, they may differ somewhat from the figures that would have been obtained if a complete census had been taken using the same schedules and procedures. As in any survey, the results are also subject to errors of response and report ing. These may be relatively large in the case of persons with irregular attachment to the labor force. Particular care should be exercised in the interpretation of figures based on relatively small estimates as well as small dif ferences between estimates. The standard error is primarily a measure of sampling variability, that is, of the variations that might occur by chance because a sample rather than the entire popula tion is surveyed. As calculated for this bulletin, the stand ard error also partially measures the effect of response and the enumeration errors but does not measure any systematic biases in the data. The chances are about 68 out o f 100 that an estimate differs from a complete cen sus by less than the standard error. The chances are about 95 out of 100 that the difference would be less than twice the standard error. Tables A -l through A-4 show approximations of the standard errors of estimated numbers and percentages at the 68-percent confidence level, and should be inter preted as providing an indication of the order of magnitude of the standard error rather than a precise standard error for any specific item. Standard errors for intermediate values may be obtained by interpolation. 7 Table A -1 . Standard errors for estim ated numbers of total or w hite persons (In thousands) Total persons in age group 100 1 0 ................................................................. 2 0 ................................................................. 3 0 ................................................................. 4 0 ................................................................. 5 0 ................................................................. 7 5 ................................................................. 1 0 0 ............................................................... 200 ............................................................... 300 ............................................................... 400 ............................................................... 500 ............................................................... 750 ............................................................... 1,000............................................................. 2,000............................................................. 3,000. . ......................................................... 4,000............................................................. 5,000............................................................. 7,500............................................................. 10,000........................................................... 20,000........................................................... 30,000........................................................... 40,000........................................................... 50,000........................................................... 75,000........................................................... 100,000......................................................... 250 500 1,000 2,500 5,000 10,000 4.3 5.7 6.5 7.0 7.1 6.1 4.4 6.1 7.3 8.2 9.0 10.3 11.0 9.0 - 4.4 6.2 7.5 8.6 9.5 11.3 12.7 15.5 15.5 12.7 - 4.5 6.3 7.7 8.8 9.8 11.8 13.5 18.0 20.6 22.0 22.4 19.4 4.5 6.3 7.7 8.9 9.9 12.1 13.9 19.2 23.1 26.0 28.4 32.5 34.8 28.4 4.5 6.3 7.8 9.0 10.0 12.2 14.1 19.9 24.2 27.8 30.9 37.4 42.6 56.8 65.1 69.6 71.0 61.6 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 4.5 6.3 7.7 8.9 10.0 12.2 14.0 19.7 23.8 27.2 30.1 35.8 40.1 49.2 49.1 40.1 - - - - - - - _ _ 25,000 50,000 100,000 4.5 6.3 7.8 9.0 10.0 12.3 14.2 20.0 24.4 28.2 31.4 38.3 44.0 60.9 72.9 82.2 90.0 102.7 109.7 88.8 4.5 6.3 7.8 9.0 10.0 12.3 14.2 20.0 24.5 28.3 31.6 38.6 44.4 62.2 75.4 86.1 95.2 113.4 127.0 155.8 156.3 128.7 4.5 6.3 7.8 9.0 10.0 12.3 14.2 20.0 24.5 28.3 31.7 38.7 44.7 62.8 76.6 88.0 97.8 118.2 134.7 179.7 206.0 220.4 225.2 196.3 - _ _ - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Table A -2 . Standard errors for estim ated numbers of black persons (In thousands) Total persons in age group 100 1 0 ............................................................................. 2 0 ............................................................................. 3 0 ............................................................................. 4 0 ............................................................................. 50 . . . .................................................................... 7 5 ............................................................................. 1 0 0 ........................................................................... 200 ........................................................................... 300 .............. ............................................................ 400 ........................................................................... 500 ........................................................................... 750 ........................................................................... 1,000........................................................................ 2,000......................................................................... 3,000........................................................................ 4,000........................................................................ 5,000......................................................................... 7,500......................................................................... 10,000...................................................................... 250 500 1,000 2,500 5,000 10,000 4.5 5.9 6.6 6.9 6.8 4.5 4.7 6.5 7.7 6.9 9.5 10.9 11.7 9.5 4.7 6.6 8.0 9.1 10.1 12.0 13.5 16.5 16.5 13.5 - 4.7 6.7 8.1 9.3 10.4 12.5 14.3 19.0 21.8 23.3 23.8 20.6 - 4.7 6.7 8.2 9.4 10.5 12.8 14.7 20.4 24.5 27.6 30.1 34.5 36.9 30.1 4.8 6.7 8.2 9.5 10.6 13.0 15.0 21.1 25.7 29.5 32.8 39.6 45.1 60.2 68.9 73.7 75.2 65.0 - - - - - - - _ - _ - _ - - 4.8 6.7 8.2 9.5 10.6 12.9 14.9 20.9 25.3 28.9 31.9 38.0 42.6 52.1 52.1 42.6 - - - - - - - - - - 8 - _ _ Table A -3 . Standard errors for estim ated numbers of Hispanlc-origln persons (In thousands) Size of estimate Standard 2 5 ................................................................. 5 0 ................................................................. 1 0 0 ............................................................... 250 ............................................................... 500 ............................................................... 1,000............................................................. 7 10 14 24 30 58 TabS@ Size of estimate Standard error 2,500 5 000 10 000 25 000 50’000 100,000 119 217 413 Standard errors for estim ated percentages for total or w hite persons (In thousands) Estimated percentage Base of percentage 1 or 99 2 5 ................................................................ 5 0 ................................................................ 1 0 0 ............................................................... 250 .............................................................. 500 .............................................................. 1,000............................................................ 2,500............................................................ 5,000............................................................ 10,000.......................................................... 25,000.......................................................... 50,000.......................................................... 100,000................................ ........................ 2 or 98 5 or 95 10 or 90 25 or 75 50 2.8 2.0 1.4 .9 .6 .4 .3 .2 .14 .09 .06 .04 4.0 2.8 2.0 1.3 .9 .6 .4 .3 .2 .13 .09 .06 6.2 4.4 3.1 2.0 1.4 1.0 .6 .4 .3 . .2 .14 .10 8.5 6.0 4.3 2.7 1.9 1.3 .9 .6 .4 .3 .2 .13 12.3 8.7 6.1 3.9 2.7 1.9 1.2 .9 .6 .4 .3 .2 14.2 10.0 7.1 4.5 3.2 2.2 1.4 1.0 .7 4 .3 .2 note: To estimate standard errors for the black population enrolled in school, multiply the standard errors by a factor of 1.06; to estimate standard errors for persons of Hispanic origin, multiply the standard errors by a factor of 1.3. 9 Appendix B. Supplementary TaEbBos Table B-1. Employment status of the population 16 to 24 years old by school enrollm ent, years o f school com pleted, and sex, October 1980 (Numbers In thousands) Civilian labor force Enrollment status, years of school completed, sex, and age Civilian noninstitutional population Unemployed Total Percent of population Employed Number Percent of labor force ENROLLED Total, 16 to 24 years........................................... 16 to 19 years.................................................. 20 to 24 years .................................................. 15,713 11,126 4,587 7,454 4,836 2,618 47.4 43.5 57.1 6,438 4,029 2,405 1,021 807 214 13.7 16.7 8.2 High school....................................................... College............................................................... Full-time students........................................... Part-time students.......................................... 8,050 7,664 6,396 1,268 3,461 3,996 2,854 1,142 43.0 52.1 44.6 90.1 2,805 3,632 2,554 1,077 656 364 300 65 19.0 9.1 10.5 5.7 Men, 16 to 24 years......................................... 16 to 19 years ............................................... 20 to 24 years ............................................... 7,997 5,612 2,385 3,825 2,403 1,320 47.8 44.6 55.3 3,259 2,045 1,214 566 459 107 14.8 18.3 8.1 High school .................................................... College............................................................ Full-time students........................................ Part-time students ....................................... 4,188 3,808 3,267 541 1,871 1,954 1,448 506 44.7 51.3 44.3 93.5 1,503 1,756 1,286 470 368 198 162 36 19.7 10.1 11.2 7.1 Women, 16 to 24 years.................................... 16 to 19 years ................................................ 20 to 24 years ............................................... 7,716 5,514 2,202 3,629 2,332 1,297 47.0 42.3 58.9 3,179 1,988 1,191 455 348 107 12.5 14.9 8.2 High school .................................................... College............................................................ Full-time students........................................ Part-time students ....................................... 3,862 3,856 3,129 727 1,590 2,042 1,406 636 41.2 53.0 44.9 87.5 1,302 1,876 1,268 607 288 166 138 29 18.1 8.1 9.8 4.6 Total, 16 to 24 years........................................... 16 to 19 years .......................................................... 20 to 24 ye a rs.................................................. 21,390 5,322 16,068 17,464 4,124 13,340 81.6 77.5 83.0 15,021 3,314 11,707 2,443 809 1,634 14.0 19.6 12.2 Less than 4 years of high school.................... 16 to 19 years ............................................... 20 to 24 years ............................................... 4 years of high school...................................... 1 to 3 years of college..................................... 4 years of college or m ore .............................. 5,230 2,019 3,211 11,654 3,038 1,467 3,530 1,297 2,233 9,809 2,716 1,408 67.5 64.2 69.5 84.2 89.4 96.0 2,638 920 1,721 8,580 2,477 1,326 892 378 513 1,229 239 82 25.3 29.1 23.0 12.5 8.8 5.8 Men, 16 to 24 ye a rs......................................... 16 to 19 years ............................................... 20 to 24 years ............................................... 10,245 2,596 7,649 9,405 2,230 7,175 91.8 85.9 93.8 7,996 1,781 6,215 1,406 447 959 14.9 20.0 13.4 Less than 4 years of high school ................. 16 to 19 years.......... ;.................................. 20 to 24 years............................................. 4 years of high school................................... 1 to 3 years of college.................................. 4 years of college or more ............................ 2,756 1,051 1,705 5,502 1,311 676 2,310 816 1,494 5,167 1,259 666 83.8 77.6 87.6 93.9 96.0 98.5 1,767 600 1,168 4,470 1,135 624 543 216 326 697 124 42 23.5 26.5 21.8 13.5 9.8 6.3 Women, 16 to 24 years.................................... 16 to 19 years ............................................... 20 to 24 years ............................................... 11,145 2,726 8,419 8,059 1,894 6,165 72.3 69.5 73.2 7,025 1,533 5,492 1,037 362 675 12.9 19.1 10.9 Less than 4 years of high school ................. 16 to 19 years.............................................. 20 to 24 years.............................................. 4 years of high school................................... 1 to 3 years of college.................................. 4 years of college or more ............................ 2,474 968 1,506 6,152 1,727 791 1,220 482 740 4,642 1,457 742 49.3 49.8 49.1 75.5 84.4 93.8 871 320 553 4,110 1,342 702 349 162 187 532 115 40 28.6 33.7 25.3 11.5 7.9 5.4 NOT ENROLLED 10 J Tab!© 8-2. Employment status ©f the population 16 to 24 years old by school enrollm ent, years olf school com pleted, race, Hispanic origin, and s ®k , O ctober 1®SQ {Numbers In thousands) Civilian labor force Enrollment status, years of school completed, race, Hispanic origin, and sex WHITE Total, 16 to 24 years................................ Civilian noninstitutional population Unemployed Total Percent of population Employed Number Percent of labor force 31,345 21,811 69.6 19,210 2,601 11.9 Total, 16 to 24 years........................................... 16 to 19 years......... ........................................ 20 to 24 ye a rs.................................................. 13,242 9,270 3,972 6,690 4,368 2,322 50.5 47.1 58.5 5,892 3,722 2,170 798 646 152 11.9 14.8 6.5 M e n ................................................................... Women ............................................................. 6,821 6,421 3,439 3,251 50.4 50.6 2,997 2,895 442 356 12.9 11.0 High school......... ............................................. College.............................................................. Full-time students........................................... Part-time students.......................................... 6,566 6,678 5,567 1,109 3,096 3,592 2,579 1,012 47.2 53.8 46.3 91.3 2,579 3,310 2,349 960 517 282 230 52 16.7 7.9 8.9 5.1 Total, 16 to 24 years........................................... 16 to 19 years.................................................. 20 to 24 ye a rs.................................................. 18,103 4,511 13,592 15,121 3,628 11,493 83.5 80.4 84.6 13,318 3,028 10,290 1,803 600 1,203 11.9 16.5 10.5 M e n ................................................................... Women ............................................................. 8,714 9,389 8,145 6,976 93.5 74.3 7,075 6,243 1,070 733 13.1 10.5 Less than 4 years of high school.................... 16 to 19 years ............................................... 20 to 24 ye a rs............................................... 4 years of high school...................................... 1 to 3 years of college..................................... 4 years of college or m ore.............................. 4,166 1,665 2,501 10,025 2,588 1,324 2,931 1,121 1,810 8,597 2,340 1,255 70.4 67.2 72.3 85.8 90.4 94.8 2,298 826 1,472 7,669 2,172 1,183 633 295 338 928 168 72 21.6 26.3 18.7 10.8 7.2 5.7 BLACK Total, 16 to 24 years................................ 4,892 2,650 54.2 1,857 793 29.9 Total, 16 to 24 years........................................... 16 to 19 ye a rs.................................................. 20 to 24 ye a rs.................................................. 2,028 1,566 462 595 374 221 29.3 23.9 47.8 406 236 170 189 138 51 31.8 36.9 23.1 M e n .................................................................... W om en.............................................................. 952 1,076 305 290 32.0 27.0 197 209 108 81 35.4 27.9 High school....................................................... College............................................................... Full-time students........................................... Part-time students.......................................... 1,282 747 641 106 294 300 216 84 22.9 40.2 33.7 79.2 174 230 151 78 120 70 65 6 40.8 23.5 29.9 7.1 Total, 16 to 24 years........................................... 16 to 19 ye a rs.................................................. 20 to 24 ye a rs.................................................. 2,864 723 2,141 2,055 440 1,615 71.8 60.9 75.4 1,451 239 1,212 604 201 403 29.4 45.7 25.0 M e n ................................................................... Women .............................................................. 1,322 1,542 1,089 966 82.4 62.6 774 677 315 289 28.9 29.9 Less than 4 years of high school.................... 16 to 19 ye a rs ................................................ 20 to 24 years ................................................ 4 years of high school...................................... 1 to 3 years of college..................................... 4 years of college or m o re .............................. 955 318 635 1,431 372 106 543 157 384 1,106 305 103 56.9 49.4 60.5 77.3 82.0 97.2 305 80 223 816 237 97 238 77 161 290 68 6 44.0 49.0 41.9 26.2 22.3 5.8 Enrolled! Mott ©molted Enrolled M 6 snrolted @ See footnotes at end of table. 11 Table B-2. Employment status o f the population 16 to 24 years old by school enrollm ent, years of school com pleted, race, Hispanic origin, and sex, October 1980— Continued (lu m b e rs In thousands) ___________________________ __ Civilian labor force Enrollment status, years of school completed, race, Hispanic origin, and sex Civilian noninstitutional population Unemployed Percent of population Total Employed Number Percent of labor force HISPANIC ORIGIN 2,624 1,638 62.4 1,396 242 14.8 Total, 16 to 24 years........................................... 16 to 19 ye a rs.................................................. 20 to 24 ye a rs.................................................. 920 705 215 382 242 140 41.5 34.3 65.1 312 188 124 66 53 13 17.3 21.9 9.3 M e n ................................................................... Women .............................................................. 455 465 208 174 45.7 37.4 171 141 37 29 17.8 16.7 High school....................................................... College............................................................... Full-time students........................................... Part-time students.......................................... 579 341 255 86 186 196 120 78 32.1 57.5 47.1 90.7 143 173 108 67 43 23 12 11 23.1 11.7 10.0 14.1 Total, 16 to 24 years........................................... 16 to 19 ye a rs.................................................. 20 to 24 ye a rs.................................................. 1,704 487 1,217 1,256 343 913 73.7 70.4 75.0 1,084 269 815 172 74 98 13.7 21.6 10.7 M e n ................................................................... Women ............................................................. 840 864 753 503 89.6 58.2 644 440 106 60 14.1 11.9 Less than 4 years of high school.................... 16 to 19 years ............................................... 20 to 24 years ............................................... 4 years of high school...................................... 1 to 3 years of college..................................... 4 years of college or m ore.............................. 922 335 586 589 155 38 622 209 411 473 127 34 67.5 62.4 70.1 80.3 81.9 0 517 160 355 421 123 30 105 49 56 52 4 4 16.9 23.4 13.6 11.0 3.1 O Total, 16 to 24 years................................ Enrolled Not enrolled 1 Data not shown where base is less than 75,000. NOTE: Detail for the above race and Hispanic-origin groups will not sum to totals because data for the “ other races” group are not presented and Hispanics are included in both white and black population groups. 12 Table B-3. School enrollm ent and employment status o f 1981 high school graduates and 1980-81 school dropouts 16 to 24 years old by sex, race, and Hispanic © rifin, October 1©i1 (Numbers in thousands) Civilian labor force Characteristic Civilian noninstitutional population Unemployed Percent of population Total Employed Number Percent of labor force Total, 1981 high school g rad u ates ................... 3,053 1,899 62.2 1,524 375 19.7 M e n ................................................................... Women ............................................................. 1,490 1,563 927 972 62.2 62.2 772 752 155 220 16.7 22.6 W hite................................................................. B lack................................................................. Hispanic origin.................................................. 2,624 358 146 1,674 189 77 63.8 52.8 52.7 1,406 93 61 268 96 16 16.0 50.8 20.8 Enrolled in college........................................... 1,646 719 43.7 597 122 17.0 Men ................................................................ Women........................................................... 816 830 341 378 41.8 45.5 300 297 41 81 12.0 21.4 Full-time students........................................... Part-time students.......................................... 1,520 126 612 107 40.3 84.9 499 98 113 9 18.5 8.4 W hite.............................................................. Black .............................................................. Hispanic origin ............................................... 1,434 154 76 644 47 27 44.9 30.5 35.5 552 27 25 92 20 2 14.3 O 0 Not enrolled in college..................................... 1,407 1,180 83.9 927 253 21.4 Men ................................................................ Women........................................................... 674 733 586 594 86.9 81.0 472 455 114 139 19.5 23.4 W hite.............................................................. B la ck.............................................................. Hispanic origin ............................................... 1,190 204 70 1,030 142 50 86.6 69.6 O 854 66 36 176 76 14 17.1 53.5 (') Total, 1980-81 high school dropouts2 .............. 714 450 63.2 286 164 36.4 M e n ................................................................... Women ............................................................. S ingle............................................................. Other marital status ....................................... 366 348 275 73 271 179 146 35 74.0 51.7 53.1 O 192 94 78 18 79 85 68 17 29.2 47.5 46.6 O W hite................................................................. B lack................................................................. Hispanic origin .................................................. 532 165 91 363 77 63 68.2 46.7 69.2 257 22 41 106 55 22 29.2 71.4 (’) 1 Data not shown where base is less than 75,000. 2 Persons who dropped out of school between October 1980 and October 1981. In addition, 78,000 persons 14 and 15 years old dropped out of school. NOTE: Detail for the above race and Hispanic-origin groups will not sum to totals because data for the “ other races” group are not presented and Hispanics are included in both the white and black population groups. 13 Table B-4. Employment status of the population 16 to 34 years old by school enrollment, age, sex, and race, October 1981-82 (Numbers in thousands) Enrolled in school Not enrolled in school Civilian labor force Age, sex, and race Civilian noninstitutional population Civilian labor force Unemployed Total Percent of population Employed Num ber Percent of labor force Civilian noninstitutional population Unemployed Total Percent of population Employed Num ber Percent of labor force 1981 TOTAL 16 to 34 years.............. 16 to 24 years........... 16 to 19 ye a rs......... 16 to 17 years ...... 18 to 19 years ...... 20 to 24 years ......... 20 to 21 years ...... 22 to 24 years ...... 25 to 34 years........... 25 to 29 ye a rs........ 30 to 34 years ......... 18,937 15,908 11,208 7,232 3,976 4,700 2,643 2,057 3,028 1,774 1,254 9,635 7,352 4,706 2,892 1,814 2,646 1,375 1,271 2,283 1,296 987 50.9 46.2 42.0 40.0 45.6 56.3 52.0 61.8 75.4 73.0 78.7 8,433 6,292 3,853 2,351 1,501 2,439 1,260 1,179 2,141 1,209 932 1,203 1,060 854 541 312 207 115 92 142 87 55 12.5 14.4 18.1 18.7 17.2 7.8 8.3 7.2 6.2 6.7 5.6 56,054 21,037 4,887 748 4,139 16,150 5,722 10,428 35,018 18,006 17,012 45,876 17,231 3,776 442 3,334 13,455 4,816 8,639 28,645 14,743 13,902 81.8 81.9 77.3 59.0 80.6 83.3 84.2 82.8 81.8 81.9 81.7 41,177 14,651 2,925 302 2,624 11,726 4,066 7,660 26,526 13,538 12,988 4,698 2,580 850 140 711 1,729 750 979 2,119 1,205 914 10.2 15.0 22.5 31.7 21.3 12.9 15.6 11.3 7.4 8.2 6.6 9,628 8,149 5,683 3,665 2,018 2,467 1,301 1,166 1,479 926 553 4,974 3,803 2,448 1,548 900 1,355 659 696 1,170 705 465 51.7 46.7 43.1 42.2 44.6 54.9 50.7 59.7 79.1 76.2 84.1 4,359 3,261 2,024 1,265 759 1,237 593 644 1,098 653 445 615 542 424 284 141 118 66 52 72 53 20 12.4 14.3 17.3 18.3 15.6 8.7 10.0 7.4 6.2 7.4 4.3 27,099 10,018 2,353 375 1,978 7,664 2,755 4,909 17,081 8,734 8,347 25,638 9,185 2,019 265 1,754 7,166 2,577 4,589 16,454 8,388 8,066 94.6 91.7 85.8 70.5 88.7 93.5 93.5 93.5 96.3 96.0 96.6 23,149 7,788 1,585 190 1,395 6,203 2,175 4,028 15,361 7,719 7,642 2,489 1,397 434 74 359 963 402 561 1,093 668 424 9.7 15.2 21.5 28.1 20.5 13.4 15.6 12.2 6.6 8.0 5.3 9,308 7,759 5,526 3,567 1,958 2,233 1,343 891 1,549 848 702 4,661 3,549 2,258 1,344 914 1,291 716 575 1,113 591 522 50.1 45.7 40.9 37.7 46.7 57.8 53.3 64.6 71.8 69.7 74.4 4,074 3,031 1,829 1,087 742 1,202 667 535 1,043 556 487 588 518 429 258 172 89 49 40 70 35 35 12.6 14.6 19.0 19.2 18.8 6.9 6.8 7.0 6.3 5.8 6.7 28,956 11,019 2,533 373 2,161 8,486 2,966 5,519 17,937 9,272 8,664 20,238 8,046 1,757 177 1,580 6,289 2,239 4,050 12,191 6,355 5,836 69.9 73.0 69.4 47.5 73.1 74.1 75.5 73.4 68.0 68.5 67.4 18,028 6,863 1,340 111 1,229 5,523 1,891 3,632 11,165 5,819 5,346 2,209 1,183 417 65 351 766 348 418 1,026 536 490 10.9 14.7 23.7 37.0 22.2 12.2 15.6 10.3 8.4 8.4 8.4 Men 16 to 34 years.............. 16 to 24 years........... 16 to 19 ye a rs......... 16 to 17 years ...... 18 to 19 years ...... 20 to 24 ye a rs......... 20 to 21 years ...... 22 to 24 years ...... 25 to 34 years........... 25 to 29 years ......... 30 to 34 ye a rs......... Women 16 to 34 years.............. 16 to 24 years........... 16 to 19 ye a rs......... 16 to 17 years ...... 18 to 19 years ...... 20 to 24 years......... 20 to 21 years ...... 22 to 24 years ...... 25 to 34 years........... 25 to 29 years........ 30 to 34 years ........ See footnote at end of table. 14 Table 1=4. Employment status of the population 16 to 34 years old by school enrollm ent, age, sex, and race, October 1981=82— Continued (Numbers in thousands) Not enrolled in school Enrolled in school Civilian labor force Civilian labor force Age, sex, and race Civilian noninstitutional population Unemployed Total Percent of population Employed Num ber Percent of labor force Civilian noninstitutional population Unemployed Total Percent of population Employed Num ber Percent of labor force 1981 WHITE 16 to 34 years.............. 16 to 24 years........... 16 to 19 ye a rs......... 16 to 17 years ...... 18 to 19 years ...... 20 to 24 years ........ 20 to 21 years ...... 22 to 24 years ...... 25 to 34 years........... 25 to 29 years ........ 30 to 34 ye a rs........ 15,800 13,312 9,285 5,990 3,295 4,027 2,306 1,720 2,488 1,432 1,056 8,510 6,577 4,242 2,656 1,586 2,335 1,251 1,085 1,933 1,097 836 53.9 49.4 45.7 44.3 48.1 58.0 54.2 63.1 77.7 76.6 79.2 7,575 5,755 3,579 2,213 1,366 2,176 1,156 1,019 1,821 1,024 797 935 823 663 443 220 160 94 66 112 73 40 11.0 12.5 15.6 16.7 13.9 6.8 7.5 6.0 5.8 6.6 4.8 47,880 17,797 4,132 633 3,499 13,665 4,771 8,895 30,083 15,390 14,693 39,627 14,898 3,309 400 2,909 11,589 4,120 7,468 24,729 12,700 12,029 82.8 83.7 80.1 63.2 83.1 84.8 86.4 84.0 82.2 82.5 81.9 36,210 13,043 2,682 280 2,402 10,361 3,605 6,757 23,166 11,827 11,339 3,417 1,854 627 120 507 1,227 516 711 1,563 873 689 8.6 12.4 18.9 30.0 17.4 10.6 12.5 9.5 6.3 6.9 5.7 8,080 6,853 4,706 3,053 1,653 2,147 1,152 995 1,227 762 465 4,441 3,432 2,228 1,439 789 1,204 600 604 1,010 607 403 55.0 50.1 47.3 47.1 47.8 56.1 52.0 60.8 82.3 79.6 86.6 3,928 2,979 1,879 1,196 684 1,100 538 562 949 562 387 513 453 348 243 105 104 61 43 61 45 16 11.6 1$.2 15.6 16.9 13.4 8.6 10.2 7.1 6.0 7.4 3.9 23,463 8,562 2,025 322 1,703 6,537 2,312 4,225 14,901 7,592 7,309 22,458 7,996 1,786 238 1,548 6,210 2,199 4,011 14,461 7,362 7,099 95.7 93.4 88.2 74.1 90.9 95.0 95.1 94.9 97.1 97.0 97.1 20,600 6,951 1,457 174 1,282 5,494 1,921 3,573 13,649 6,876 6,773 1,858 1,045 330 64 266 716 279 437 812 486 326 8.3 13.1 18.5 26.8 17.2 11.5 12.7 10.9 5.6 6.6 4.6 7,720 6,459 4,579 2,937 1,642 1,879 1,154 725 1,261 670 591 4,069 3,145 2,014 1,218 796 1,131 651 480 923 490 434 52.7 48.7 44.0 41.5 48.5 60.2 56.4 66.2 73.2 73.1 73.4 3,647 2,775 1,699 1,018 682 1,076 618 458 872 462 410 422 370 315 200 114 56 33 23 52 27 24 10.4 11.8 15.6 16.4 14.4 4.9 5.0 4.8 5.6 5.6 5.6 24,417 9,235 2,107 311 1,796 7,129 2,459 4,670 15,182 7,798 7,384 17,169 6,902 1,523 161 1,362 5,379 1,921 3,458 10,268 5,338 4,929 70.3 74.7 72.3 51.9 75.8 75.5 78.1 74.0 67.6 68.5 66.8 15,610 6,093 1,226 105 1,120 4,867 1,684 3,183 9,517 4,951 4,566 1,559 809 297 56 242 511 237 274 750 388 363 9.1 11.7 19.5 34.6 17.7 9.5 12.4 7.9 7.3 7.3 7.4 Men 16 to 34 years.............. 16 to 24 years........... 16 to 19 ye a rs........ 16 to 17 years ...... 18 to 19 years ...... 20 to 24 years ........ 20 to 21 years ...... 22 to 24 years ...... 25 to 34 years........... 25 to 29 years......... 30 to 34 years......... Women 16 to 34 years.............. 16 to 24 years........... 16 to 19 years........ 16 to 17 years ...... 18 to 19 years ...... 20 to 24 years ........ 20 to 21 years ...... 22 to 24 years ...... 25 to 34 years........... 25 to 29 ye a rs......... 30 to 34 years ......... See footnote at end of table. 15 Table B-4. Employment status of the population 16 to 34 years old by school enrollment, age, sex, and race, October 1981=82— Continued (Numbers in thousands) Enrolled in school Not enrolled in school Civilian labor force Age, sex, and race Civilian noninstitutional population Civilian labor force Unemployed Total Percent of population Employed Num ber Percent of labor force Civilian noninstitutional population Unemployed Total Percent of population Employed Num ber Percent of labor force 1981 BLACK 16 to 34 years.............. 16 to 24 years........... 16 to 19 years ......... 16 to 17 years ...... 18 to 19 years ...... 20 to 24 years ......... 20 to 21 years ...... 22 to 24 years ...... 25 to 34 years........... 25 to 29 years ......... 30 to 34 years ......... 2,460 2,082 1,598 1,054 544 485 257 228 377 235 143 859 597 368 198 170 229 95 134 262 143 119 34.9 28.7 23.0 18.8 31.3 47.3 37.1 58.7 69.5 60.9 83.6 626 389 201 111 91 188 75 112 237 130 107 233 208 167 87 80 42 20 22 25 13 12 27.1 34.9 45.3 44.0 46.9 18.1 21.0 16.1 9.5 8.8 10.2 6,839 2,850 684 100 584 2,166 840 1,325 3,989 2,139 1,850 5,287 2,085 425 33 392 1,659 624 1,036 3,203 1,691 1,512 77.3 73.1 62.1 33.1 67.1 76.6 74.2 78.1 80.3 79.1 81.7 4,109 1,405 213 13 199 1,192 405 787 2,705 1,396 1,308 1,178 680 212 20 193 467 219 249 498 295 204 22.3 32.6 50.0 0 49.2 28.2 35.0 24.0 15.6 17.4 13.5 1,183 1,011 807 527 279 204 102 103 172 115 57 402 278 175 95 80 103 41 62 124 78 46 34.0 27.5 21.7 18.0 28.6 50.4 40.6 60.1 72.2 67.9 82 74 64 33 31 10 4 5 8 6 2 20.3 26.6 36.4 34.9 38.3 9.9 3,071 1,292 304 45 259 987 392 595 1,780 946 834 2,682 1,066 215 20 194 851 343 508 1,617 847 769 87.3 82.5 70.5 75.1 86.2 87.4 85.4 90.8 89.6 92.3 2,094 733 113 10 103 620 228 392 1,361 683 677 588 332 101 10 91 231 115 116 256 164 92 21.9 31.2 47.2 0 320 204 111 62 49 93 37 56 116 72 45 1,277 1,072 791 526 265 281 155 126 205 120 85 457 319 193 103 91 126 54 72 138 65 73 35.8 29.8 24.4 19.5 34.3 45.0 34.8 57.5 67.2 54.1 85.6 306 185 90 49 41 95 38 56 121 58 63 151 134 103 54 49 31 15 16 17 7 16 33.1 42.1 53.4 52.4 54.4 24.8 (’) 3,768 1,558 380 55 325 1,178 448 730 2,209 1,193 1,017 2,605 1,019 211 13 197 808 281 527 1,586 844 742 69.1 65.4 55.4 (1 ) 60.8 68.6 62.7 72.2 71.8 70.8 73.0 2,015 671 99 3 96 572 177 395 1,344 713 631 590 348 111 10 102 236 104 132 242 131 112 22.6 34.1 52.8 Men 16 to 34 years.............. 16 to 24 years........... 16 to 19 ye a rs......... 16 to 17 years ...... 18 to 19 years ...... 20 to 24 ye a rs......... 20 to 21 years ...... 22 to 24 years ...... 25 to 34 years........... 25 to 29 years ......... 30 to 34 years ......... 0 0 6.3 7.8 0 O O 46.8 27.2 33.5 22.9 15.8 19.4 12.0 Women 16 to 34 years.............. 16 to 24 years........... 16 to 19 years ......... 16 to 17 years ...... 18 to 19 years ...... 20 to 24 years ......... 20 to 21 years ...... 22 to 24 years ...... 25 to 34 years........... 25 to 29 years ......... 30 to 34 ye a rs......... See footnote at end of table. 16 O 12.3 O 0 0 51.5 29.2 36.9 25.1 15.3 15.5 15.1 Talbl® B-4. Employment status of the population 18 to 34 years old by sehool enrollment, age, s ©h, and race, Oetober 1981 "82—Continued (Mumbers in thousands) Not enrolled in school Enrolled in school Civilian labor force Civilian labor force Age, sex, and race Civilian noninstitutional population Unemployed Total Percent of population Employed Num ber Percent of labor force Civilian noninstitutional population Unemployed Total Percent of population Employed Num ber Percent of labor force 1982 TOTAL 16 to 34 years.............. 16 to 24 years........... 16 to 19 ye a rs......... 16 to 17 years ...... 18 to 19 years ...... 20 to 24 ye a rs......... 20 to 21 years ...... 22 to 24 years ...... 25 to 34 years........... 25 to 29 ye a rs......... 30 to 34 ye a rs......... 18,721 15,624 10,728 6,891 3,837 4,897 2,777 2,120 3,097 1,935 1,162 9,498 7,195 4,399 2,653 1,745 2,796 1,448 1,349 2,303 1,408 895 50.7 46.0 41.0 38.5 45.5 57.1 52.1 63.6 74.4 72.8 77.0 8,147 5,994 3,483 2,053 1,430 2,511 1,300 1,210 2,153 1,295 858 T,351 1,201 915 600 315 286 147 138 150 112 38 14.2 16.7 20.8 22.6 18.1 10.2 10.2 10.3 6.5 8.0 4.2 56,415 20,828 4,901 715 4,186 15,926 5,393 10,533 35,587 18,301 17,286 46,160 16,882 3,709 433 3,277 13,173 4,455 8,717 29,278 15,169 14,109 81.8 81.1 75.7 60.6 78.3 82.7 82.6 82.8 82.3 82.9 81.6 39,984 13,753 2,701 265 2,436 11,052 3,617 7,436 26,231 13,414 12,817 6,176 3,129 1,009 168 841 2,120 839 1,282 3,047 1,756 1,291 13.4 18.5 27.2 38.8 25.7 16.1 18.8 14.7 10.4 11.6 9.2 9,499 7,991 5,457 3,520 1,937 2,534 1,392 1,142 1,508 1,002 506 4,804 3,628 2,211 1,364 847 1,417 708 709 1,175 765 410 50.6 45.4 40.5 38.8 43.7 55.9 50.9 62.1 77.9 76.4 81.0 4,045 2,956 1,719 1,028 691 1,237 623 614 1,089 698 391 759 673 493 336 157 180 85 96 86 67 19 15.8 18.5 22.3 24.6 18.5 12.7 12.0 13.5 7.3 8.7 4.7 27,320 9,947 2,359 335 2,024 7,588 2,564 5,024 17,373 8,879 8,494 25,735 9,057 1,971 250 1,721 7,086 2,347 4,739 16,679 8,510 8,169 94.2 91.0 83.6 74.6 85.0 93.4 91.5 94.3 96.0 95.8 96.2 22,283 7,314 1,428 137 1,291 5,886 1,896 3,990 14,969 7,492 7,477 3,452 1,742 542 113 429 1,200 451 748 1,710 1,018 692 13.4 19.2 27.5 45.2 24.9 16.9 19.2 15.8 10.3 12.0 8.5 9,222 7,633 5,270 3,371 1,899 2,363 1,385 978 1,589 933 656 4,694 3,566 2,187 1,289 898 1,379 740 639 1,128 643 485 50.9 46.7 41.5 38.2 47.3 58.4 53.4 65.4 71.0 68.9 74.0 4,102 3,038 1,765 1,025 740 1,274 677 597 1,064 597 467 592 528 423 264 159 105 63 43 64 46 18 12.6 14.8 19.3 20.5 17.7 7.6 8.5 6.7 5.6 7.1 3.7 29,095 10,881 2,543 380 2,163 8,338 2,829 5,509 18,214 9,422 8,792 20,425 7,826 1,739 183 1,556 6,087 2,108 3,979 12,599 6,659 5,940 70.2 71.9 68.4 48.2 71.9 73.0 74.5 72.2 69.2 70.7 67.6 17,701 6,439 1,272 128 1,144 5,166 1,721 3,445 11,262 5,922 5,340 2,724 1,387 466 55 411 921 387 533 1,337 737 600 13.3 17.7 26.8 30.0 26.4 15.1 18.4 13.4 10.6 11.1 10.1 Men 16 to 34 years.............. 16 to 24 years........... 16 to 19 ye a rs......... 16 to 17 years ...... 18 to 19 years ...... 20 to 24 ye a rs......... 20 to 21 years ...... 22 to 24 years ...... 25 to 34 years........... 25 to 29 ye a rs........ 30 to 34 ye a rs......... Women 16 to 34 years.............. 16 to 24 years........... 16 to 19 years......... 16 to 17 years ...... 18 to 19 years ...... 20 to 24 ye a rs........ 20 to 21 years ...... 22 to 24 years ...... 25 to 34 years........... 25 to 29 ye a rs......... 30 to 34 years ......... See footnote at end of table. 17 Table IB-4. Employment status of the population 16 to 34 years old by school enrollment, age, sex, and race, October 1981-82-—Continued (Numbers in thousands) Not enrolled in school Enrolled in school Civilian labor force Civilian labor force Age, sex, and race Civilian noninstitutional population Unemployed Total Percent of population Employed Percent of labor force Num ber Civilian noninstitutional population Unemployed Total Percent of population Employed Num ber Percent of labor force 1982 WHITE 16 to 34 years.............. 16 to 24 years........... 16 to 19 ye a rs......... 16 to 17 years ...... 18 to 19 years ...... 20 to 24 ye a rs......... 20 to 21 years ...... 22 to 24 years ...... 25 to 34 years........... 25 to 29 years ......... 30 to 34 ye a rs......... 15,624 13,011 8,873 5,677 3,196 4,137 2,404 1,733 2,613 1,646 967 8,376 6,398 3,967 2,421 1,547 2,431 1,296 1,135 1,978 1,220 758 53.6 49.2 44.7 42.6 48.4 58.8 53.9 65.5 75.7 74.1 78.4 7,329 5,456 3,223 1,923 1,301 2,233 1,189 1,044 1,873 1,148 725 1,048 942 744 498 246 198 108 91 105 72 33 12.5 14.7 18.7 20.6 15.9 8.2 8.3 8.0 5.3 5.9 4.4 47,820 17,480 4,078 608 3,470 13,403 4,451 8,952 30,340 15,511 14,829 39,583 14,457 3,199 380 2,818 11,258 3,751 7,507 25,126 12,962 12,164 82.8 82.7 78.4 62.6 81.2 84.0 84.3 83.9 82.8 83.6 82.0 35,035 12,193 2,442 239 2,202 9,751 3,167 6,584 22,842 11,656 11,186 4,547 2,264 757 141 616 1,507 583 923 2,284 1,306 978 11.5 15.7 23.7 37.1 21.9 13.4 15.6 12.3 9.1 10.1 8.0 7,955 6,662 4,502 2,901 1,601 2,160 1,215 945 1,293 865 429 4,251 3,221 1,976 1,238 738 1,244 639 606 1,030 677 353 53.4 48.3 43.9 42.7 46.1 57.6 52.5 64.1 79.7 78.3 82.4 3,664 2,698 1,584 963 621 1,114 576 538 967 630 337 587 523 393 276 117 131 63 68 64 48 16 13.8 16.2 19.9 22.3 15.8 10.5 9.8 11.2 6.2 7.0 4.6 23,424 8,399 1,986 286 1,700 6,413 2,110 4,303 15,025 7,649 7,375 22,341 7,774 1,709 219 1,490 6,066 1,948 4,117 14,567 7,407 7,160 95.4 92.6 86.0 76.4 87.7 94.6 92.4 95.7 97.0 96.8 97.1 19,728 6,485 1,289 121 1,168 5,196 1,637 3,559 13,242 6,612 6,630 2,613 1,289 419 97 322 869 311 558 1,324 794 530 11.7 16.6 24.5 44.5 21.6 14.3 16.0 13.6 9.1 10.7 7.4 7,668 6,348 4,371 2,777 1,594 1,977 1,189 788 1,320 781 539 4,125 3,178 1,991 1,183 809 1,187 658 529 948 542 405 53.8 50.1 45.6 42.6 50.7 60.0 55.3 67.1 71.8 69.5 75.2 3,665 2,758 1,640 960 679 1,119 613 506 906 518 388 461 419 351 222 129 68 45 23 42 24 17 11.2 13.2 17.6 18.8 16.0 5.7 6.8 4.3 4.4 4.5 4.3 24,397 9,082 2,092 321 1,771 6,990 2,341 4,649 15,315 7,862 7,453 17,242 6,682 1,490 161 1,328 5,192 1,802 3,390 10,559 5,556 5,004 70.7 73.6 71.2 50.3 75.0 74.3 77.0 72.9 68.9 70.7 67.1 15,307 5,708 1,152 118 1,035 4,555 1,530 3,025 9,600 5,044 4,556 1,934 975 338 44 294 637 272 365 959 512 448 11.2 14.6 22.7 27.1 22.1 12.3 15.1 10.8 9.1 9.2 8.9 Men 16 to 34 years.............. 16 to 24 years........... 16 to 19 ye a rs......... 16 to 17 years ...... 18 to 19 years ...... 20 to 24 years ......... 20 to 21 years ...... 22 to 24 years ...... 25 to 34 years........... 25 to 29 ye a rs......... 30 to 34 years ......... Women 16 to 34 years.............. 16 to 24 years........... 16 to 19 years ......... 16 to 17 years ...... 18 to 19 years ...... 20 to 24 years ......... 20 to 21 years ...... 22 to 24 years ...... 25 to 34 years........... 25 to 29 years ........ 30 to 34 years ......... See footnote at end of table. 18 Table B-4. Employment status of the population 16 to 34 years old by school enrollment, age, sex, and race, October 1981-82— Continued (Numbers in thousands) Enrolled in school Not enrolled in school Civilian labor force Civilian labor force Age, sex, and race Civilian noninstitutional population Unemployed Total Percent of population Employed Num ber Percent of labor force Civilian noninstitutional population Unemployed Total Percent of population Employed Num ber Percent of labor force 1982 BLACK 16 to 34 years.............. 16 to 24 years........... 16 to 19 ye a rs......... 16 to 17 years ...... 18 to 19 years ...... 20 to 24 ye a rs......... 20 to 21 years ...... 22 to 24 years ...... 25 to 34 years........... 25 to 29 years ........ 30 to 34 years........ 27.4 38.6 52.2 2,408 2,062 1,519 1,018 500 544 269 275 346 204 142 846 590 319 177 143 271 112 159 256 146 110 35.1 28.6 21.0 17.3 28.5 49.8 41.7 57.7 74.0 71.4 77.6 596 372 170 90 80 202 80 122 223 115 108 250 218 149 86 63 68 32 37 33 30 2 29.6 36.9 46.7 48.9 44.1 25.3 28.4 23.0 12.8 20.9 2.2 7,039 2,922 740 94 646 2,183 837 1,345 4,116 2,222 1,894 5,379 2,109 456 46 410 1,654 626 1,028 3,270 1,760 1,510 76.4 72.2 61.6 49.0 63.4 75.8 74.7 76.4 79.4 79.2 79.7 3,907 1,296 218 20 197 1,078 387 691 2,611 1,367 1,244 1,472 813 238 26 212 576 239 337 659 393 266 1,138 996 763 507 255 234 107 127 141 91 51 403 293 168 94 75 124 47 77 110 67 43 35.4 29.4 22.1 18.5 29.3 53.3 44.4 60.7 77.6 73.4 139 123 85 49 36 37 16 21 16 14 2 34.4 41.9 50.6 52.8 48.0 30.0 3,194 1,341 337 43 294 1,004 403 601 1,853 995 858 2,741 1,105 237 28 210 867 354 514 1,637 881 756 85.8 82.4 70.5 71.4 86.4 87.8 85.4 88.3 88.6 88.1 1,997 686 120 13 108 566 226 339 1,311 689 622 745 419 117 15 102 302 128 174 326 192 134 27.2 37.9 49.3 0 264 170 83 44 39 87 31 56 94 53 41 1,271 1,066 756 511 245 310 162 148 205 113 92 443 297 151 83 68 146 65 82 146 79 67 34.9 27.9 19.9 16.2 27.8 47.2 39.9 55.2 71.4 69.8 73.5 332 202 87 46 41 115 49 66 129 63 67 112 95 64 37 27 31 16 15 17 16 25.2 31.9 42.4 44.4 3,845 1,581 403 51 352 1,178 435 744 2,264 1,228 1,036 2,637 1,004 218 18 200 786 272 514 1,633 879 754 68.6 63.5 54.2 0 56.8 66.7 62.6 69.2 72.1 71.6 72.8 1,910 610 98 8 90 512 161 352 1,300 678 623 727 395 121 11 110 274 111 163 333 201 132 27.6 39.3 55.3 O 51.8 34.8 38.1 32.8 20.1 22.3 17.6 Men 16 to 34 years.............. 16 to 24 years........... 16 to 19 ye a rs........ 16 to 17 years ...... 18 to 19 years ...... 20 to 24 years......... 20 to 21 years ...... 22 to 24 years ...... 25 to 34 years........... 25 to 29 years ......... 30 to 34 years ........ O 27.5 14.5 0 0 O O 48.7 34.8 36.0 33.9 19.9 21.8 17.7 Women 16 to 34 years.............. 16 to 24 years........... 16 to 19 ye a rs........ 16 to 17 years ...... 18 to 19 years ...... 20 to 24 years ........ 20 to 21 years ...... 22 to 24 years ...... 25 to 34 years........... 25 to 29 ye a rs......... 30 to 34 years ........ 18.9 11.6 20.8 O 1 Data not shown where base is less than 75,000. O O 0 19 O 55.1 34.8 40.9 31.7 20.4 22.9 17.5 Table 3-5. Employment status of the population 16 to 34 years old enrolled in school by sex, age, and type of school, October 1081=82 (Numbers in thousands) Civilian labor force Total Sex, age, and type of school Civilian noninstitutional population Percent distribution of nonagricultural employment by fullor part-time status Employed Number Percent of population Unemployed Total Full time1 Part time1 Percent of Number labor force Percent distribution by type of industry Number Total Agri culture Nonagricultural industries 1081 MEN Enrolled in school ............................ 9,628 4,974 51.7 4,974 100.0 4.6 95.4 100.0 36.4 63.6 615 12.4 Elementary or high school............ 16 to 17 years............................. 18 to 19 years............................. 20 to 34 years............................. 4,261 3,573 568 120 1,836 1,498 249 88 43.1 41.9 43.9 73.6 1,836 1,498 249 88 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 9.5 10.5 4.0 7.7 90.5 89.5 96.0 92.3 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 10.4 6.5 11.9 75.7 89.6 93.5 88.1 24.3 354 276 59 19 19.3 18.4 23.8 21.6 College, full time2 ........................... 16 to 19 years............................. 20 to 24 years............................. 20 to 21 years........................... 22 to 24 years........................... 25 to 34 years............................. 3,907 1,398 1,926 1,082 844 583 1,769 575 863 473 391 330 45.3 41.1 44.8 43.7 46.3 56.7 1,769 575 863 473 391 330 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 3.1 2.9 2.8 2.7 2.9 4.2 96.9 97.1 97.2 97.3 97.1 95.8 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 19.6 11.7 15.7 13.6 18.3 43.8 80.4 88.3 84.3 86.4 81.7 56.2 209 79 88 51 37 43 11.8 13.7 10.2 10.7 9.5 12.9 College, part tim e ........................... 16 to 19 years............................. 20 to 24 years............................. 20 to 21 years.......................... 22 to 24 years........................... 25 to 34 years............................. 1,460 144 457 157 300 860 1,369 126 434 147 287 810 93.8 87.8 94.8 93.3 95.6 94.2 1,369 126 434 147 287 810 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 .9 1.7 1.2 1.3 1.2 .6 99.1 98.3 98.8 98.7 98.8 99.4 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 85.6 48.5 79.0 75.9 80.6 94.5 14.4 51.5 21.0 24.1 19.4 5.5 51 10 18 7 10 23 3.7 8.1 4.1 5.1 3.5 2.8 Enrolled in school ............................ 9,308 4,661 50.1 4,661 100.0 1.1 98.9 100.0 33.8 66.2 588 12.6 Elementary or high school ............ 16 to 17 years............................. 18 to 19 years............................. 20 to 34 years............................. 3,948 3,433 365 150 1,497 1,291 149 57 37.9 37.6 41.0 38.2 1,497 1,291 149 57 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 1.8 1.9 1.7 0 98.2 98.1 98.3 (3 ) 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 5.8 3.1 12.5 (3 ) 94.2 96.9 87.5 (3 ) 315 245 49 21 21.0 19.0 32.5 (3 ) College, full time2 ........................... 16 to 19 years............................. 20 to 24 years............................. 20 to 21 years........................... 22 to 24 years........................... 25 to 34 years............................. 3,656 1,579 1,600 1,103 497 477 1,696 688 775 531 244 233 46.4 43.6 48.4 48.1 49.0 48.8 1,696 688 775 531 244 233 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 .9 .5 .7 .7 .8 2.5 99.1 99.5 99.3 99.3 99.2 97.5 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 15.0 9.0 15.0 11.9 21.8 31.9 85.0 91.0 85.0 88.1 78.2 68.1 211 121 57 40 18 33 12.4 17.5 7.4 7.5 7.2 14.1 College, part tim e .......................... 16 to 19 years............................. 20 to 24 years............................. 20 to 21 years........................... 22 to 24 years........................... 25 to 34 years............................. 1,705 149 547 202 345 1,009 1,468 129 485 178 307 854 86.1 86.8 88.6 87.8 89.0 84.7 1,468 129 485 178 307 854 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 .6 2.2 .1 99.4 97.8 99.9 100.0 99.9 99.3 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 77.3 47.9 75.1 64.2 81.5 82.6 22.7 52.1 24.9 35.8 18.5 17.4 62 15 19 5 14 28 4.2 11.2 4.0 2.9 4.6 3.3 WOMEN - .1 .7 1982 MEN Enrolled in school ............................ 9,499 4,804 50.6 4,804 100.0 4.5 95.5 100.0 34.8 65.2 759 15.8 Elementary or high school ............ 16 to 17 years............................. 18 to 19 years............................. 20 to 34 years............................. 4,092 3,410 562 121 1,631 1,310 234 87 39.9 38.4 41.6 72.0 1,631 1,310 234 87 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 10.9 11.3 11.1 4.4 89.1 88.7 88.9 95.6 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 11.0 5.8 13.9 83.0 89.0 94.2 86.1 17.0 422 325 74 23 25.9 24.8 31.8 26.3 See footnotes at end of table. 20 Table B-5. Employment status o f the population 16 to 34 years old enrolled in school by sex, age, and type of school, October 1881-82—Continued (Numbers in thousands) Civilian labor force Total Sex, age, and type of school Civilian noninstitutional population Percent distribution of nonagricultural employment by fullor part-time status Employed Number Percent of population Unemployed Percent distribution by type of industry Number Total Agri culture Nonagricultural industries Total Full time1 Part time1 Number Percent of labor force 1982 ftHEN— C o n tin u e d College, full time2 ........................... 16 to 19 years............................. 20 to 24 years............................. 20 to 21 years.......................... 22 to 24 years.......................... 25 to 34 years............................. 4,016 1,369 1,967 1,183 784 680 1,853 578 903 534 369 371 46.1 42.2 45.9 45.1 47.1 54.6 1,853 578 903 534 369 371 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 2.2 3.2 2.4 2.4 2.3 .2 97.8 96.8 97.6 97.6 97.7 99.8 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 16.5 7.4 13.9 9.9 19.7 36.9 83.5 92.6 86.1 90.1 80.3 63.1 233 79 106 65 42 48 12.6 13.7 11.7 12.1 11.2 13.0 College, part tim e .......................... 16 to 19 years............................. 20 to 24 years............................. 20 to 21 years.......................... 22 to 24 years.......................... 25 to 34 years............................. 1,391 117 494 162 331 780 1,320 89 469 149 319 762 94.9 76.4 94.9 92.0 96.4 97.7 1,320 89 469 149 319 762 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 1.3 5.4 1.5 2.6 .9 .8 98.7 94.6 98.5 97.4 99.1 99.2 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 83.0 46.4 74.3 70.5 76.2 91.6 17.0 53.6 25.7 29.5 23.8 8.4 104 15 57 14 43 33 7.9 16.5 12.1 9.0 13.5 4.3 Enrolled in school............................ 9,222 4,694 50.9 4,694 100.0 1.2 98.8 100.0 32.2 67.8 592 12.6 Elementary or high school............ 16 to 17 years............................. 18 to 19 years............................. 20 to 34 years............................. 3,717 3,235 346 136 1,405 1,214 134 57 37.8 37.5 38.8 41.6 1,405 1,214 134 57 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 2.7 2.3 7.6 (3 ) 97.3 97.7 92.4 (3 ) 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 5.1 3.3 10.4 (3 ) 94.9 96.7 89.6 (3 ) 299 245 39 15 21.3 20.2 28.8 (3 ) College, full time2 .............. ............ 16 to 19 years............................. 20 to 24 years............................. 20 to 21 years........................... 22 to 24 years........................... 25 fo 34 years............................. 3,713 1,504 1,706 1,130 576 503 1,744 676 836 546 290 232 47.0 44.9 49.0 48.3 50.3 46.1 1,744 676 836 546 290 232 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 .8 1.1 .7 .6 .8 - 99.2 98.9 99.3 99.4 99.2 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 12.2 5.6 10.8 8.4 15.2 34.9 87.8 94.4 89.2 91.6 84.8 65.1 220 124 71 48 23 25 12.6 18.3 8.5 8.8 8.0 11.0 College, part tim e ........................... 16 to 19 years.............................. 20 to 24 years.............................. 20 to 21 years........................... 22 to 24 years........................... 25 to 34 years.............................. 1,791 185 581 213 369 1,025 1,545 163 510 176 333 872 86.3 88.2 87.7 82.9 90.4 85.1 1,545 163 510 176 333 872 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 .6 99.4 100.0 99.6 98.9 100.0 99.1 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 73.3 44.1 74.2 65.3 78.7 78.0 26.7 55.9 25.8 34.7 21.3 22.0 73 15 28 13 15 30 4.7 9.2 5.5 7.3 4.6 3.4 WOMEN 1 Full-time workers are persons who, during the survey week, worked 35 hours or more and those who usually work full time but worked 1 to 34 hours because of economic reasons. Part-time workers are persons who usually work 1 to 34 hours. Persons with a job but not at work during the survey week are classified according to whether they usually work full or - .4 1.1 - .9 part time. 2 Students attending 12 hours or more of college classes during the average school week were classified as full-time students. 3 Data not shown where base is less than 75,000. 21 Table B-6. Employment status of the population 16 to 34 years old enrolled in school by race, sex, age, and type o f school, October 1981-82 (Numbers in thousands) Black White Civilian labor force Civilian labor force Race, sex, age, and type of school Civilian noninstitutional population Unemployed Total Percent of population Em ployed Number Percent of labor force Civilian noninstitutional population Unemployed Total Percent of population Em ployed Number Percent of labor force 1981 MEN Enrolled in school .......................... 8,080 4,441 55.0 3,928 513 11.6 1,183 402 34.0 320 82 20.3 Elementary or high school......... 16 to 17 years........................... 18 to 19 years........................... 20 to 24 years........................... 25 to 34 years........................... 3,465 2,971 394 66 34 1,670 1,390 203 49 28 48.2 46.8 51.5 290 235 40 10 4 17.4 16.9 19.7 139 94 40 5 - 85 61 22 3 - 53 33 18 2 - 38.4 35.4 O O 678 521 146 12 - 20.4 18.0 27.4 (1 ) 1,380 1,154 163 39 24 College, full time2 ........................ 16 to 19 years........................... 20 to 24 years........................... 20 to 21 years........................ 22 to 24 years........................ 25 to 34 years........................... 3,357 1,215 1,688 963 725 454 1,576 520 781 434 347 274 47.0 42.8 46.3 45.1 47.9 60.5 1,401 458 703 386 317 241 175 63 79 48 30 34 11.1 12.1 10.1 11.1 8.7 12.2 362 128 150 80 70 84 137 35 57 26 31 45 37.9 27.3 38.2 32.3 109 22 50 24 26 37 28 13 7 2 5 8 20.5 College, part tim e ........................ 16 to 19 years........................... 20 to 24 years........................... 20 to 21 years........................ 22 to 24 years........................ 25 to 34 years........................... 1,259 126 394 141 252 739 1,195 115 373 132 241 707 95.0 91.0 94.9 93.7 95.6 95.7 1,147 104 358 125 233 684 49 10 15 7 8 23 4.1 8.9 4.1 5.6 3.3 3.3 143 13 42 12 30 88 126 6 41 10 30 79 88.6 Enrolled in school.......................... 7,720 4,069 52.7 3,647 422 10.4 1,277 Elementary or high school.......... 16 to 17 years........................... 18 to 19 years........................... 20 to 24 years........................... 25 to 34 years........................... 3,178 2,827 262 52 37 1,315 1,169 116 19 12 41.4 41.4 44.2 219 189 23 3 3 16.7 16.2 20.0 0 0 1,096 980 93 15 9 College, full time2 ........................ 16 to 19 years........................... 20 to 24 years.......................... 20 to 21 years........................ 22 to 24 years........................ 25 to 34 years........................... 3,091 1,356 1,354 951 404 381 1,491 612 687 482 205 192 48.2 45.1 50.7 50.7 50.8 50.3 1,338 520 649 455 194 168 College, part tim e ........................ 16 to 19 years........................... 20 to 24 years........................... 20 to 21 years........................ 22 to 24 years........................ 25 to 34 years........................... 1,451 135 473 183 290 843 1,263 117 426 165 260 720 87.0 87.3 89.9 90.1 89.8 85.4 1,214 107 412 160 252 695 0 O - 0 53.2 O O - 0 0 0 0 0 _ - (1 ) 90.4 126 6 40 10 30 79 - 0 0 0 0 457 35.8 306 151 33.1 153 98 30 13 12 23.6 19.4 32.9 63 45 7 4 7 90 52 24 9 5 58.6 53.6 0 0 650 504 92 28 25 153 91 38 27 11 24 10.3 14.9 5.6 5.7 5.3 12.4 452 183 201 127 74 68 160 55 74 44 30 30 35.5 30.4 37.0 34.6 109 31 56 32 24 22 52 25 19 12 7 8 32.3 49 11 14 5 9 24 3.9 9.0 3.2 3.2 3.3 3.4 175 12 51 13 39 111 144 10 39 6 33 95 82.0 134 7 35 6 29 91 10 2 4 4 4 0 0 0 - WOMEN See footnotes at end of table. 22 0 0 O (1 ) O 0 0 (’) 85.2 O 0 O 0 O 0 0 0 6.8 0 (1 ) (’) 0 3.9 Table B-6. Employment status o f the population 16 to 34 years old enrolled in school by race, sex, age, and type of school, October 1981-82— Continued (Numbers In thousands) Black White Civilian labor force Civilian labor force Race, sex, age, and type of school Civilian noninstitutional population Unemployed Total Percent of population Em ployed Number Percent of labor force Civilian noninstitutional population Unemployed Total Percent of population Em ployed Number Percent of labor force 1982 MEM Enrolled in school.......................... 7,955 4,251 53.4 3,664 587 13.8 1,138 403 35.4 264 139 34.4 Elementary or high school......... 16 to 17 years........................... 18 to 19 years........................... 20 to 24 years........................... 25 to 34 years........................... 3,308 2,807 412 41 47 1,447 1,188 188 29 41 43.7 42.3 45.7 324 267 46 6 5 22.4 22.4 24.5 O O 655 498 131 27 - 141 90 36 15 - 21.6 18.2 27.7 0 O 1,123 922 142 23 36 - 58 43 12 3 - 84 48 25 11 - 59.2 52.8 67.6 (’) - College, full time2 ........................ 16 to 19 years........................... 20 to 24 years........................... 20 to 21 years........................ 22 to 24 years........................ 25 to 34 years........................... 3,432 1,191 1,685 1,046 639 555 1,635 523 801 490 311 312 47.6 43.9 47.5 46.8 48.6 56.1 1,448 457 713 435 278 277 188 66 87 55 32 34 11.5 127 10.9 11.2 10.4 11.0 357 119 163 79 85 75 144 31 69 26 42 44 40.2 25.7 42.0 33.6 49.8 59.3 112 19 58 22 36 35 31 12 10 4 6 9 21.9 College, part tim e ........................ 16 to 19 years........................... 20 to 24 years........................... 20 to 21 years........................ 22 to 24 years........................ 25 to 34 years........................... 1,215 91 433 142 292 691 1,169 76 415 133 282 678 96.2 83.4 95.8 94.1 96.6 98.1 1,094 63 378 128 250 653 75 13 37 6 32 24 6.4 17.6 9.0 4.2 11.2 3.6 125 15 43 14 30 67 118 11 41 14 28 65 94.2 23 1 16 8 8 6 19.9 O 94 10 26 6 20 59 Enrolled in school.......................... 7,668 4,125 53.8 3,665 461 11.2 1,271 443 34.9 332 11.2 25.2 Elementary or high school.......... 16 to 17 years........................... 18 to 19 years........................... 20 to 24 years........................... 25 to 34 years........................... 2,993 2,661 234 51 47 1,282 1,122 116 26 19 42.8 42.2 49.5 0 250 212 32 2 4 19.5 18.9 27.9 0 O 627 500 95 24 8 102 75 15 7 4 16.3 15.1 15.5 0 1,033 910 84 24 15 46 31 6 4 4 44.8 40.9 41.1 0 0 56 45 9 3 - College, full time2 ........................ 16 to 19 years........................... 20 to 24 years........................... 20 to 21 years........................ 22 to 24 years........................ 25 to 34 years........................... 3,140 1,310 1,438 974 464 393 1,522 604 731 490 241 187 48.5 46.1 50.8 50.2 52.1 47.6 1,364 509 682 452 230 174 157 95 49 38 12 13 10.3 15.7 6.7 7.7 4.8 7.1 442 150 217 130 87 75 166 54 81 47 34 31 37.5 36.1 37.2 36.1 38.8 41.1 115 30 64 37 27 22 51 25 17 10 7 9 30.5 College, part tim e ........................ 16 to 19 years........................... 20 to 24 years........................... 20 to 21 years........................ 22 to 24 years........................ 25 to 34 years........................... 1,534 167 488 185 303 880 1,321 150 430 154 276 742 86.1 89.8 88.1 83.4 91.0 84.3 1,267 137 413 149 264 718 54 13 17 6 11 24 4.1 8.5 3.9 3.6 4.1 3.3 202 11 69 20 49 122 176 6 58 15 43 111 87.1 0 160 4 48 9 39 108 16 2 10 6 4 3 8.9 (1 ) 0 0 O O (’) O O 0 0 0 O O 0 0 0 WOMEN 1 Data not shown where base is less than 75,000. 2 Students attending 12 hours or more of college classes during the 0 O O 0 91.4 average school week were classified as full-time students. 23 O 0 20.9 O 0 (’) O 0 0 3.0 Table 0-7. Employed 16- to 24-year-olds enrolled in school, high school graduates not enrolled in college, and school dropouts by sex and occupation, October 1981 (Percent distribution! Enrolled in school Sex and occupation Total, 16 to 24 years High school graduates o f- 16 to 17 18 to 19 20 to 24 years years years 19801 19812 Dropouts who last attended school in 1980 or 1981 Total 1980’ 19812 MEN Total (thousands)..................................................................... > 3,261 Percent................................................................................... 100.0 1,265 100.0 759 100.0 1,237 100.0 606 100.0 472 100.0 297 100.0 193 100.0 104 100.0 White-collar workers....................................................................... Professional and technical workers............................................ Managers and administrators, except fa rm ................................ Sales workers............................................................................... Clerical workers............................................................................ 32.3 9.5 2.7 8.4 11.6 15.1 .6 .7 8.3 5.5 29.9 4.9 2.4 7.6 14.9 51.3 21.6 4.8 9.0 15.9 11.6 2.7 2.1 1.3 5.5 17.6 2.6 2.2 5.1 7.7 6.2 .4 .8 .2 4.9 7.2 .7 1.2 .2 5.1 Blue-collar workers......................................................................... Craft and kindred workers ........................................................... Operatives, except transport....................................................... Transport equipment operatives ................................................. Nonfarm laborers......................................................................... 34.3 6.0 7.7 2.9 17.6 40.0 4.0 9.7 1.8 24.6 38.0 7.4 7.9 4.1 18.5 26.3 7.3 5.6 3.3 10.0 68.8 18.2 24.5 6.6 19.4 60.2 14.7 16.4 4.7 24.5 69.8 18.2 21.8 3.6 26.2 73.2 20.6 22.6 3.1 26.9 63.6 13.8 20.4 4.6 24.9 Service workers............................................................................... 28.7 35.8 30.2 20.5 12.7 14.7 18.7 14.7 26.0 Farm workers .................................................................................. 4.7 9.0 2.0 1.9 6.9 7.5 5.3 4.9 6.0 Total (thousands)..................................................................... Percent................................................................................... 3,031 100.0 1,087 100.0 742 100.0 1,202 100.0 587 100.0 455 100.0 143 100.0 94 100.0 49 (3 ) White-collar workers....................................................................... Professional and technical workers............................................. Managers and administrators, except fa rm ................................ Sales workers............................................................................... Clerical workers............................................................................ 59.3 8.9 1.8 11.9 36.7 43.4 1.1 .5 14.6 27.1 61.5 4.6 1.7 10.7 44.5 72.3 18.7 3.0 10.1 40.5 57.8 2.6 3.2 9.2 42.7 50.0 1.4 3.7 9.3 35.7 26.1 1.5 1.2 5.6 17.9 23.7 1.8 6.5 15.4 (3 ) (3 ) (3 ) (3 ) (3 ) Blue-collar workers......................................................................... Craft and kindred workers ........................................................... Operatives, except transport....................................................... Transport equipment operatives ................................................. Nonfarm laborers ......................................................................... 5.1 .8 1.8 .6 2.0 4.8 .3 1.3 .3 2.8 5.4 .6 2.3 .4 2.1 5.3 1.3 1.9 1.0 1.1 13.6 1.8 9.1 .2 2.5 13.5 1.7 8.7 .2 2.9 19.6 .2 17.9 1.5 19.6 .3 18.6 .6 (3 ) (3 ) (3 ) (3 ) (3 ) Service workers............................................................................... 34.8 50.2 32.6 22.2 27.9 34.6 50.9 53.0 (3 ) Farm workers .................................................................................. .8 1.6 .5 .2 .7 1.9' 3.4 3.7 (3 ) 4.5 - 4.5 WOMEN 1 Persons who graduated or dropped out of school between January 1, 1980, and December 31, 1980. 2 Persons who graduated or dropped out of school between January 1, 1981, and October 13, 1981. 3 Data not shown where base is less than 75,000. 24 - Table B-8. Employed 16- to 24-year-olds enrolled in school, high school graduates not enrolled in college, and school dropouts by sex and occupation, October 1982 (Percent distribution) Enrolled in school Sex and occupation Total, 16 to 24 years High school graduates of— 16 to 17 18 to 19 20 to 24 years years years 19811 19822 Dropouts who last attended school in 1981 or 1982 Total 19811 19822 Men Total: (thousands).................................................................... Percent.................................................................................. 2,956 100.0 1,028 100.0 691 100.0 1,237 100.0 465 100.0 499 100.0 240 100.0 158 100.0 83 100.0 White-collar workers....................................................................... Professional and technical workers............................................. Managers and administrators, except fa rm ................................ Sales workers.............................................................................. Clerical workers........................................................................... 32.6 9.3 2.6 9.2 11.5 18.0 .8 .4 11.2 5.6 27.0 5.6 2.0 6.2 13.2 47.9 18.4 4.8 9.3 15.4 16.0 1.6 5.4 3.8 5.3 11.0 .4 2.9 4.5 3.2 12.8 .5 1.6 3.0 7.7 10.4 1.1 2.3 7.0 17.4 1.5 2.5 4.3 9.1 Blue-collar workers......................................................................... Craft and kindred workers ........................................................... Operatives, except transport....................................................... Transport equipment operatives................................................. Nonfarm laborers......................................................................... 33.1 4.9 6.0 2.8 19.4 37.6 1.9 5.7 2.1 27.9 33.6 3.3 4.5 4.3 21.5 29.0 8.4 7.0 2.5 11.1 58.6 16.8 17.1 3.8 20.8 55.2 15.6 13.3 4.4 21.8 59.5 17.9 18.4 1.7 21.6 66.6 19.9 19.1 .4 27.2 46.0 13.9 17.0 4.1 11.0 Service workers.............................................................................. 29.8 35.6 35.7 21.7 19.3 22.3 23.0 21.0 26.8 Farm workers ................................................................................. 4.5 8.8 3.7 1.4 6.1 11.5 4.7 2.1 9.8 Total: (thousands).................................................................... Percent.................................................................................. 3,038 100.0 1,025 100.0 740 100.0 1,274 100.0 512 100.0 427 100.0 147 100.0 90 100.0 White-collar workers....................................................................... Professional and technical workers............................................ Managers and administrators, except fa rm ................................ Sales workers............................................................................... Clerical workers............................................................................ 61.4 10.3 2.3 13.3 35.5 46.5 2.8 .5 16.1 27.2 66.6 6.9 1.9 13.5 44.2 70.4 18.3 4.0 11.0 37.2 52.0 3.6 2.1 9.0 37.2 48.3 1.0 .7 9.8 36.8 38.2 1.5 3.5 6.8 26.4 36.6 3.8 5.9 26.8 (3 ) (3 ) (3 ) (3 ) (3 ) Blue-collar workers......................................................................... Craft and kindred workers ........................................................... Operatives, except transport....................................................... Transport equipment operatives ................................................. Nonfarm laborers......................................................................... 4.7 .7 1.8 .5 1.8 6.1 .4 2.2 .6 2.9 3.2 .2 1.7 .7 .6 4.5 1.2 1.4 .4 1.5 13.8 1.0 10.4 .3 2.2 14.7 2.1 7.7 .6 4.2 16.8 .4 13.1 3.3 19.4 .6 13.3 5.4 (3 ) (3 ) (3 ) (3 ) (3 ) Service workers............................................................................... 33.1 46.1 29.2 24.8 33.9 35.2 42.2 39.6 (3 ) Farm workers ................................................................................. .8 1.2 .9 .3 .3 1.9 2.7 4.5 (3 ) Women 1 Persons who graduated or dropped out of school between January 1, 1981, and December 31, 1981. 2 Persons who graduated or dropped out of school between January - 1, 1982, and October 16, 1982. 3 Data not shown where base is less than 75,000. 25 - 57 (3 ) Table B-9. Employed 16- to 24-year-olds enrolled in school, high school graduates not enrolled in college, and school dropouts by sex, industry, and class of worker, October 1981 (Percent distribution) Total, 16 to 24 years 16 to 17 18 to 19 20 to 24 years years years 19801 19812 Dropouts who last attended school in 1980 or 1981 Total 19801 00 Sex, industry, and class of worker High school graduates of — CD Enrolled in school MEN Total (thousands)..................................................................... Percent.................................................................................. 3,261 100.0 1,265 100.0 759 100.0 1,237 100.0 606 100.0 472 100.0 297 100.0 193 100.0 104 100.0 Agriculture....................................................................................... Wage and salary workers ............................................................ Self-employed and unpaid family workers.................................. 5.6 4.0 1.6 10.1 6.6 3.5 3.2 2.6 .6 2.5 2.2 .3 8.0 6.5 1.5 8.9 7.6 1.3 7.9 7.4 .5 7.5 7.5 8.6 7.2 1.3 Nonagricultural industries............................................................... Wage and salary workers............................................................ Mining......................................................................................... Construction............................................................................... Manufacturing ............................................................................ Durable goods......................................................................... Nondurable goods.................................................................. Transportation and public utilities............................................ Wholesale and retail trad e ........................................................ Services and finance................................................................ Private households................................................................. Educatibnal services.............................................................. Finance and other services.................................................... Public administration................................................................. 94.4 92.4 .4 2.7 9.9 4.9 5.1 3.9 45.8 28.2 1.7 9.9 16.6 1.5 89.9 87.9 .2 2.0 6.8 2.5 4.3 1.6 57.8 19.4 3.1 3.4 12.8 .2 96.8 95.1 .8 3.3 7.6 4.3 3.4 3.8 48.9 29.2 .8 11.7 16.7 1.5 97.5 95.4 .4 3.0 14.5 7.7 6.8 6.4 31.6 36.6 .7 15.5 20.5 2.9 92.0 90.5 2.7 10.1 25.6 13.3 12.3 5.4 28.8 16.8 .8 .5 15.4 1.2 91.1 89.6 .6 11.2 18.2 10.5 7.7 4.3 39.2 15.5 1.2 2.1 12.1 .7 92.1 89.9 2.5 17.3 23.2 12.8 10.3 2.3 26.3 17.9 .8 .8 16.3 .5 92.5 90.2 2.0 18.0 29.6 16.7 12.9 3.3 24.1 13.2 .3 12.9 - 91.4 89.5 3.5 15.9 11.2 5.6 5.6 .4 30.4 26.7 1.9 2.2 22.6 1.3 Self-employed and unpaid family workers.................................. 2.0 2.0 1.7 2.1 1.5 1.5 2.2 2.4 1.9 Total (thousands)..................................................................... Percent.................................................................................. 3,031 100.0 1,087 100.0 742 100.0 1,202 100.0 587 100.0 455 100.0 143 100.0 94 100.0 49 (3 ) Agriculture....................................................................................... Wage and salary workers ............................................................ Self-employed and unpaid family workers.................................. 1.1 .8 .2 1.8 1.1 .7 1.0 1.0 - .5 .5 1.2 1.0 .2 2.2 1.4 .8 3.4 2.4 1.0 3.7 2.1 1.5 (3 ) (3 ) 98.8 97.0 .7 2.0 11.9 4.8 7.1 1.5 42.3 36.9 1.4 1.4 34.1 1.7 97.8 96.1 96.6 95.1 .2 13.8 7.4 6.4 .3 47.6 33.3 10.5 2.3 20.5 96.3 96.3 - (3) - - (3) (3) 1.7 1.8 - f) - - WOMEN Nonagricultural industries............................................................... Wage and salary workers............................................................ Mining......................................................................................... Construction.............................................................................. Manufacturing ............................................................................ Durable goods......................................................................... Nondurable goods.................................................................. Transportation and public utilities ............................................ Wholesale and retail trade........................................................ Services and finance ................................................................ Private households................................................................. Educational services ............................................................... Finance and other services.................................................... Public administration................................................................. 98.9 98.0 .2 .5 4.9 2.6 2.3 1,4 46.0 43.4 5.2 15.4 Self-employed and unpaid family workers.................................. 98.2 97.3 1.5 .6 1.9 .5 1.3 .7 61.1 32.7 12.7 2.9 17.1 .4 .2 3.0 1.5 1.5 .5 48.9 44.9 1.8 21.5 21.5 .9 99.5 98.3 .5 .5 8.8 5.0 3.8 2.7 30.7 52.2 .7 22.9 28.6 2.9 1.0 .8 .7 1.2 - 2 2.8 1 Persons who graduated or dropped out of school between January 1, 1980, and December 31, 1980. 2 Persons who graduated or dropped out of school between January 99.0 98.3 - - - .8 11.2 4.8 6.4 1.6 51.5 30.1 5.2 1.6 23.4 .9 1.5 1, 1981, and October 13, 1981. 3 Data not shown where base is less than 75,000. 26 - 19.4 9.6 9.8 - 44.7 32.3 12.6 3.5 16.2 (3) (3 ) (3 ) (3 ) (3 ) O (3 ) (3) (3) (3) (3) O Table 1 °10. Employed 16- to 24-year-olds enrolled in school, recent high school graduates not enrolled in college, and 3 school dropouts by sex, industry, and class of worker, October 1982 (Percent distribution) Enrolled in school Sex, industry, and class of worker Total, 16 to 24 years High school graduates of— 16 to 17 18 to 19 20 to 24 years years years 19811 19822 Dropouts who last attended school in 1981 or 1982 Total 19811 19822 MEN Total (thousands)..................................................................... Percent................................................................................... 2,956 100.0 1,028 100.0 691 100.0 1,237 100.0 465 100.0 499 100.0 240 100.0 158 100.0 83 100.0 Agriculture....................................................................................... Wage and salary workers ............................................................ Self-employed and unpaid family workers.................................. 6.0 3.9 2.1 11.0 6.1 4.9 5.2 4.3 1.0 2.2 1.8 .5 8.5 6.2 2.3 12.7 10.8 1.9 6.2 5.1 1.1 4.1 4.1 10.0 6.8 3.3 Nonagricultural industries................................................................ Wage and salary workers............................................................ Mining......................................................................................... Construction............................................................................... Manufacturing ............................................................................ Durable goods......................................................................... Nondurable goods................................................................... Transportation and public utilities............................................. Wholesale and retail trad e ........................................................ Services and finance ................................................................ Private households.................................................................. Educational services ............................................................... Finance and other services.................................................... Public administration.................................................................. 94.0 91.8 .2 3.0 7.9 3.1 4.8 2.7 46.4 29.9 2.2 12.2 15.5 1.8 89.0 85.9 .2 2.0 7.3 1.3 5.9 1.4 54.1 20.4 5.3 2.5 12.6 .5 94.8 93.4 2.5 2.9 .5 2.4 1.5 54.5 30.0 .8 15.0 14.1 2.1 97.8 96.0 .3 4.2 11.1 6.1 5.1 4.4 35.6 37.6 .4 18.7 18.6 2.8 91.5 89.8 1.2 11.7 13.3 8.2 5.1 3.7 40.3 18.5 .3 1.3 16.9 1.0 87.3 85.2 .6 9.8 12.0 7.0 4.9 4.8 41.1 16.8 .8 .3 15.8 .1 93.8 92.8 .7 17.2 20.9 14.9 6.0 1.6 32.5 20.0 2.0 2.5 15.4 - 95.9 94.4 1.0 18.9 24.3 18.4 5.9 2.5 26.4 21.3 3.1 1.2 17.0 - 90.0 90.0 14.0 14.4 8.4 6.0 44.2 17.4 Self-employed and unpaid family workers.................................. 2.2 3.2 1.4 1.8 1.7 2.0 1.0 1.5 Total (thousands)...................................................................... Percent................................................................................... 3,038 100.0 1,025 100.0 740 100.0 1,274 100.0 512 100.0 427 100.0 147 100.0 90 100.0 Agriculture........................................................................................ Wage and salary workers ............................................................ Self-employed and unpaid family workers.................................. 1.4 1.3 .1 2.2 1.8 .4 1.8 1.8 - .6 .6 1.3 1.2 .1 2.4 2.2 .3 2.7 2.7 4.5 4.5 f) (3 ) - - Nonagricultural industries................................................................ Wage and salary w orkers............................................................ Mining......................................................................................... Construction............................................................................... Manufacturing ............................................................................ Durable- goods......................................................................... Nondurable goods................................................................... Transportation and public utilities............................................. Wholesale and retail trad e ........................................................ Services and finance ................................................................. Private households.................................................................. Educational services............................................................... Finance and other services.................................................... Public administration.................................................................. 98.6 97.1 .3 .3 4.7 2.3 2.4 1.4 43.8 44.9 5.8 14.4 24.8 1.7 97.8 95.4 .2 .2 3.3 1.4 1.9 .5 55.9 33.8 12.2 4.0 17.6 1.5 98.2 97.9 98.7 96.8 .2 1.3 15.0 4.6 10.3 2.5 42.5 35.1 3.3 1.0 30.8 .3 97.6 96.3 97.3 95.2 - - .5 3.3 1.7 1.6 2.6 47.1 43.0 3.0 19.5 20.6 1.5 99.4 98.0 .5 .4 6.8 3.5 3.2 1.3 32.1 55.0 2.2 19.9 33.0 1.9 .8 12.0 4.1 8.0 1.4 49.3 31.1 4.7 1.6 24.8 1.7 1.6 8.7 3.3 5.4 2.5 49.3 33.1 7.8 1.5 23.9 - 95.5 93.8 2.7 11.8 5.4 6.3 2.2 41.1 36.0 6.9 29.2 - 0 (3 ) (3 ) (3 ) (3 ) 0 (3 ) (3 ) O (3 ) (3 ) (3 ) (3 ) (3 ) Self-employed and unpaid family workers.................................. 1.5 2.4 .2 1.4 1.8 1.2 2.0 1.7 (3 ) - - 5.0 12.4 - WOMEN 1 Persons who graduated or dropped out of school between January 1, 1981, and December 31, 1981. 2 Persons who graduated or dropped out of school between January - - 1, 1982, and October 16, 1982. 3 Data not shown where base is less than 75,000. 27 57 100.0 Table B-11. Employed 16- to 24-year-olds enrolled in school by occupation, industry, class of worker, sex, age, and race, October 1981-82 (Percent distribution) Men Occupation, industry, and class of worker Total White Women 16 to 19 years Black 20 to 24 years White White Black Black 16 to 19 years 20 to 24 years Black White Black White Black Total White 1981 OCCUPATION Total (thousands).................................................. Percent............................................................... 2,979 100.0 204 100.0 1,879 100.0 111 100.0 1,100 100.0 93 100.0 2,775 100.0 185 100.0 1,699 100.0 90 100.0 1,076 100.0 95 100.0 White-collar workers.................................................. Professional and technical workers....................... Managers and administrators, except fa rm ........... Sales workers......................................................... Clerical workers...................................................... 31.9 9.9 2.9 8.3 10.8 35.2 2.9 .1 9.0 23.2 20.3 2.2 1.4 8.1 8.6 23.4 .1 6.6 16.6 51.8 23.1 5.4 8.8 14.6 49.4 6.4 11.9 31.1 58.4 9.0 1.5 12.0 36.0 70.3 8.0 3.7 12.5 46.0 49.9 2.5 .9 13.0 33.5 62.2 1.9 4.4 14.3 41.6 71.8 19.1 2.5 10.3 39.9 78.0 13.9 3.1 10.8 50.2 Blue-collar workers.................................................... Craft and kindred workers...................................... Operatives............................................................... Nonfarm laborers ................................................... 17.0 6.1 10.9 17.9 10.8 4.4 6.4 19.2 17.2 5.1 12.1 22.6 10.5 4.7 5.9 22.3 16.6 7.6 8.9 10.0 11.0 4.0 7.0 15.4 3.1 .8 2.2 2.0 2.1 2.1 1.3 2.5 .4 2.0 2.5 1.8 2.4 1.8 2.7 4.1 1.4 2.6 1.2 2.4 - Service workers......................................................... Private household workers..................................... Service workers, except private household........... 28.1 .2 27.9 34.9 34.9 33.0 .3 32.7 43.7 43.7 19.7 .2 19.5 24.2 24.2 35.7 5.5 30.2 26.3 .9 25.4 43.9 8.5 35.4 33.3 1.8 31.5 22.7 .7 22.0 19.6 19.6 Farm workers............................................................. 5.1 - 6.9 - 2.0 - - - .8 - 1.3 - - .2 - - INDUSTRY AND CLASS OF WORKER Percent............................................................... 100.0 Agriculture.................................................................. 6.1 Nonagricultural industries.......................................... 93.9 100.0 91.9 100.0 97.3 100.0 98.8 100.0 98.4 100.0 99.5 Wage and salary workers ...................................... Mining.................................................................... Construction ......................................................... Manufacturing ...................................................... Durable goods................................................... Nondurable g oods............................................. Transportation and public utilities ....................... Wholesale and retail tra d e .................................. Service industries ................................................. Private households............................................ Educational services ......................................... Other services and finance.............................. Public administration ............................................ Self-employed and unpaid family workers............ 91.8 .5 2.9 10.2 4.9 5.3 3.8 45.7 27.4 1.7 9.6 16.1 1.4 2.1 99.1 .5 6.9 3.6 3.4 6.2 45.9 36.0 1.6 16.4 18.0 3.6 .9 90.0 .5 2.5 7.4 3.2 4.3 2.4 54.4 22.0 2.3 5.9 13.9 .7 1.9 98.4 1.0 2.2 2.2 3.6 55.0 36.7 2.9 17.3 16.4 95.0 .5 3.4 14.9 7.9 7.1 6.2 30.8 36.5 .7 15.9 19.9 2.6 2.4 100.0 97.8 .2 .5 4.5 2.4 2.1 1.4 46.2 43.7 5.7 15.5 22.6 1.3 1.0 99.2 97.6 .5 2.4 1.0 1.4 .6 55.5 38.1 8.8 10.5 18.8 .5 .8 100.0 98.2 .5 .6 7.9 4.6 3.3 2.6 31.4 52.7 .7 23.3 28.7 2.5 1.2 100.0 100.0 100.0 8.1 100.0 100.0 2.7 - 1.6 28 100.0 100.0 1.2 - 12.6 5.2 7.4 9.4 35.0 35.1 - 15.3 19.8 7.9 - 100.0 100.0 6.1 3.0 3.2 1.2 45.4 41.3 .9 13.5 27.0 5.2 .8 100.0 .5 1.6 - 100.0 - 63.9 33.8 1.8 7.1 24.8 2.3 - 100.0 98.5 12.0 5.8 6.2 2.3 27.8 48.4 - ■ 19.5 29.0 8.0 1.5 Table B-11. Employed 16- to 24-year-olds enrolled in school by occupation, industry, class of worker, sex, age, and race, October 1981-32— Continued (Percent distribution) Men Occupation, industry, and class of worker Total White Women 16 to 19 years Black 20 to 24 years White White Black Black 16 to 19 years Total White 20 to 24 years Black White Black White Black 1982 OCCUPATION Total (thousands)................................................. Percent............................................................... 2,698 100.0 White-collar workers................................................. Professional and technical workers....................... Managers and administrators, except fa rm ........... Sales workers......................................................... Clerical workers...................................................... 31.8 9.3 2.6 9.3 10.5 41.3 3.4 3.4 7.4 27.1 Blue-collar workers................................................... Craft and kindred workers...................................... Operatives............................................................... Nonfarm laborers ................................................... 14.0 5.1 8.9 19.6 Service workers......................................................... Private household workers..................................... Service workers, except private household.......... Farm workers............................................................. 170 ' 1,584 100.0 100.0 83 100.0 1,114 100.0 87 100.0 2,758 100.0 202 100.0 1,640 100.0 87 100.0 1,119 100.0 115 100.0 21.0 2.6 1.1 9.1 8.2 27.1 .6 1.1 8.3 17.1 47.1 18.8 4.9 9.7 13.8 55.0 6.1 5.6 6.6 36.7 61.4 10.6 2.2 13.5 35.1 60.4 5.8 3.6 13.3 37.7 54.8 4.2 1.1 15.2 34.2 56.1 6.0 2.3 10.2 37.7 71.1 20.0 3.9 10.9 36.3 63.6 5.7 4.6 15.6 37.8 12.1 2.6 9.5 18.6 10.7 2.5 8.2 25.7 8.5 8.5 25.7 18.6 8.8 9.8 10.9 15.5 5.1 10.3 11.8 2.9 .6 2.3 1.7 4.3 2.6 1.7 2.1 2.7 .2 2.5 1.9 7.1 3.1 3.9 2.6 3.1 1.1 2.0 1.4 2.2 2.2 1.7 29.7 .2 29.5 28.0 2.6 25.4 35.2 .4 34.8 38.7 5.3 33.4 21.8 21.8 17.8 17.8 33.4 6.1 27.3 31.6 1.9 29.8 39.8 8.7 31.1 30.4 30.4 24.1 2.2 21.9 32.6 3.3 29.3 5.0 - 7.3 - 1.6 - .6 1.6 .8 3.8 .3 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 1.4 1.6 1.8 3.8 .6 - INDUSTRY AND CLASS OF WORKER Percent............................................................... 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Agriculture................................................................. 6.5 .4 9.4 .8 2.5 - Nonagricultural industries.......................................... 93.5 99.6 90.6 99.2 97.5 100.0 98.6 98.4 98.2 96.2 99.4 100.0 Wage and salary workers ...................................... Mining................................................................... Construction......................................................... Manufacturing ...................................................... Durable goods................................................... Nondurable goods............................................. Transportation and public utilities ....................... Wholesale and retail tra d e .................................. Service industries................................................ Private households............................................ Educational services ......................................... Other services and finance.............................. Public administration............................................ Self-employed and unpaid family workers............ 91.2 .2 3.3 7.9 3.2 4.8 2.6 46.5 29.0 2.2 11.7 15.1 1.6 2.3 99.6 88.1 .1 2.4 5.5 1.0 4.5 1.5 54.3 23.5 3.4 7.2 12.8 .8 2.5 99.2 - 95.5 .3 4.6 11.3 6.2 5.1 4.1 35.5 36.9 .5 18.1 18.3 2.8 2.0 100.0 97.1 .3 .2 5.0 2.4 2.6 1.2 44.1 44.6 6.1 14.5 24.0 1.6 1.6 98.1 96.6 .1 .3 3.4 1.5 1.9 1.1 52.6 37.6 8.9 10.3 18.5 1.4 1.6 96.2 - 97.8 .6 .1 7.4 3.7 3.6 1.3 31.7 54.7 2.0 20.8 31.9 2.0 1.5 99.5 - 7.5 1.0 6.5 4.5 44.0 40.0 3.2 18.8 18.0 3.6 - - 6.1 6.1 54.9 31.6 6.5 11.3 13.8 6.6 - 29 100.0 - 8.8 2.0 6.8 8.8 33.6 48.1 26.0 22.0 .6 - - 2.2 1.3 .7 .5 3.7 38.6 50.3 1.9 15.2 33.3 2.0 .3 - .7 .7 6.4 45.4 39.5 16.4 23.0 4.3 - 100.0 - - 3.8 1.7 1.3 .4 1.7 33.5 58.5 3.3 14.2 41.0 .3 .5 Table B-12. Employment status of the population 16 to 24 years old not enrolled in school by educational attainm ent, sex, and race, October 1981-82 (Numbers In thousands) Civilian labor force Educational attainment, sex, and race Civilian noninstitutional population Unemployed Number Percent of population Employed Number Not in labor force Percent of labor force 1981 TOTAL Not enrolled in school ........................................................................................ 21,037 17,231 81.9 14,651 2,580 15.0 3,806 School dropouts Completed less than 4 years of high s c h o o l........................................... Completed 8 years of school or le s s ...................................................... Completed 1 to 3 years of high school .................................................. 5,143 1,250 3,892 3,502 762 2,739 68.1 61.0 70.4 2,559 588 1,971 943 174 768 26.9 22.9 28.1 1,641 488 1,153 High school graduates Graduated from high s c h o o l........................................................................ Completed 4 years of high school o n ly ................................................. Completed 1 year of college or m o re ..................................................... Completed 1 to 3 years of c o lle g e ....................................................... Completed 4 years of college or m o re ............................................... 15,894 11,451 4,443 2,926 1,517 13,729 9,673 4,056 2,613 1,443 86.4 84.5 91.3 89.3 95.1 12,092 8,337 3,755 2,388 1,367 1,637 1,336 301 225 76 11.9 13.8 7.4 8.6 5.3 2,165 1,778 387 312 74 Not enrolled in school ........................................................................................ 10,018 9,185 91.7 7,788 1,397 15.2 833 School dropouts Completed less than 4 years of high s c h o o l........................................... Completed 8 years of school or le s s ...................................................... Completed 1 to 3 years of high school ................................................. 2,746 680 2,066 2,345 539 1,806 85.4 79.3 87.4 1,764 422 1,341 582 117 465 24.8 21.6 25.7 400 141 260 High school graduates Graduated from high s c h o o l........................................................................ Completed 4 years of high school o n ly .................................................. Completed 1 year of college or m o re ..................................................... Completed 1 to 3 years of c o lle g e ....................................................... Completed 4 years of college or m o r e ............................................... 7,272 5,360 1,912 1,280 632 6,839 5,003 1,837 1,229 608 94.0 93.3 96.1 96.0 96.1 6,024 4,329 1,695 1,129 566 815 673 142 100 42 11.9 13.5 7.7 8.1 6.9 433 358 75 51 24 Not enrolled in school ........................................................................................ 11,019 8,046 73.0 6,863 1,183 14.7 2,973 School dropouts Completed less than 4 years of high s c h o o l........................................... Completed 8 years of school or le s s ..................................................... Completed 1 to 3 years of high school ................................................. 2,397 570 1,826 1,156 224 933 48.2 39.2 51.1 795 166 629 361 58 303 31.2 25.8 32.5 1,241 347 894 High school graduates Graduated from high sc h o o l........................................................................ Completed 4 years of high school o n ly ................................................. Completed 1 year of college or m o re .................................................... Completed 1 to 3 years of c o lle g e ...................................................... Completed 4 years of college or m o re ............................................... 8,622 6,091 2,531 1,646 885 6,890 4,670 2,219 1,384 835 79.9 76.7 87.7 84.1 94.4 6,068 4,008 2,060 1,259 801 822 663 159 125 34 11.9 14.2 7.2 9.0 4.1 1,732 1,421 312 262 50 Not enrolled in school .................. ..................................................................... 17,797 14,898 83.7 13,043 1,854 12.4 2,900 School dropouts Completed less than 4 years of high s c h o o l........................................... Completed 8 years of school or le s s ..................................................... Completed 1 to 3 years of high s c h o o l................................................. 4,107 1,059 3,047 2,889 693 2,196 70.4 65.4 72.1 2,232 549 1,683 657 144 513 22.7 20.8 23.4 1,217 366 851 High school graduates Graduated from high sc h o o l........................................................................ Completed 4 years of high school o n ly ................................................. Completed 1 year of college or m o re .................................................... Completed 1 to 3 years of c o lle g e ....................................................... Completed 4 years of college or more ............................................... 13,691 9,778 3,913 2,511 1,402 12,009 8,417 3,591 2,253 1,339 87.7 86.1 91.8 89.7 95.5 10,811 7,437 3,374 2,103 1,271 1,197 980 217 149 68 10.0 11.6 6.0 6.6 5.1 1,682 1,361 322 259 63 Not enrolled in school ........................................................................................ 2,850 2,085 73.1 1,405 680 32.6 765 School dropouts Completed less than 4 years of high s c h o o l........................................... Completed 8 years of school or le s s ...................................................... Completed 1 to 3 years of high s c h o o l................................................. 913 155 758 551 64 487 60.3 41.4 64.2 285 37 248 266 27 239 48.3 (1 ) 49.1 362 91 271 High school graduates Graduated from high s ch o o l....................................................................... Completed 4 years of high school o n ly ................................................ Completed 1 year of college or m o re ................................................... Completed 1 to 3 years of c o lle g e ...................................................... Completed 4 years of college or m o re .............................................. 1,937 1,501 436 348 88 1,534 1,144 390 306 84 79.2 76.2 89.5 87.9 95.9 1,120 805 314 237 77 414 338 76 69 7 27.0 29.6 19.4 22.5 8.0 403 357 46 42 4 Men Women White Black See footnote at end of table. 30 Table B-12. Employment status of the population 16 to 24 years old not enrolled in school by educational attainm ent, sex, and race, October 1981-82— Continued (Numbers In thousands) Civilian labor force Educational attainment, sex, and race Civilian noninstitutional population Not in labor force Unemployed Number Percent of population Employed Number Percent of labor force 1982 TOTAL Not enrolled in school ........................................................................................ 20,828 16,882 81.1 13,753 3,129 18.5 3,946 School dropouts Completed less than 4 years of high s c h o o l........................................... Completed 8 years of school or le s s ...................................................... Completed 1 to 3 years of high s c h o o l.................................................. 5,055 1,155 3,900 3,352 699 2,652 66.3 60.5 68.0 2,285 503 1,782 1,067 196 871 31.8 28.0 32.8 1,704 456 1,248 High school graduates Graduated from high sc h o o l........................................................................ Completed 4 years of high school o n ly .................................................. Completed 1 year of college or m o re ..................................................... Completed 1 to 3 years of c o lle g e ....................................................... Completed 4 years of college or m o re ............................................... 15,772 11,215 4,557 3,023 1,533 13,531 9,379 4,152 2,689 1,462 85.8 83.6 91.1 89.0 95.4 11,468 7,758 3,710 2,382 1,328 2,062 1,620 442 307 134 15.2 17.3 10.6 11.4 9.2 2,242 1,837 405 334 71 Not enrolled in school ....................................................................................... 9,947 9,057 91.0 7,314 1,742 19.2 891 School dropouts Completed less than 4 years of high s c h o o l........................................... Completed 8 years of school or le s s ...................................................... Completed 1 to 3 years of high school .................................................. 2,601 609 1,992 2,193 462 1,731 84.3 75.9 86.9 1,508 332 1,177 685 131 554 31.2 28.3 32.0 408 146 262 High school graduates Graduated from high sc h o o l........................................................................ Completed 4 years of high school o n ly .................................................. Completed 1 year of college or m o re ..................................................... Completed 1 to 3 years of c o lle g e ....................................................... Completed 4 years of college or more ................................................ 7,346 5,313 2,033 1,333 701 6,864 4,915 1,949 1,262 687 93.4 92.5 95.8 94.7 98.1 5,806 4,064 1,743 1,114 629 1,058 851 206 148 58 15.4 17.3 10.6 11.7 8.5 482 398 85 71 13 Not enrolled in school ........................................................................................ 10,881 7,826 71.9 6,439 1,387 17.7 3,055 School dropouts Completed less than 4 years of high school ........................................... Completed 8 years of school or le s s ...................................................... Completed 1 to 3 years of high school .................................................. 2,454 547 1,908 1,159 237 922 47.2 43.3 48.3 777 171 605 382 65 317 33.0 27.6 34.3 1,296 310 986 High school graduates Graduated from high s c h o o l........................................................................ Completed 4 years of high school o n ly .................................................. Completed 1 year of college or m o re ..................................................... Completed 1 to 3 years of c o lle g e ....................................................... Completed 4 years of college or m o re ................................................ 8,426 5,903 2,524 1,691 833 6,667 4,464 2,203 1,428 775 79.1 75.6 87.3 84.5 93.1 5,662 3,695 1,967 1,268 699 1,005 769 236 160 76 15.1 17.2 10.7 11.2 9.8 1,759 1,439 321 263 58 Not enrolled in school ........................................................................................ 17,480 14,457 82.7 12,193 2,264 15.7 3,024 School dropouts Completed less than 4 years of high s c h o o l........................................... Completed 8 years of school or le s s ...................................................... Completed 1 to 3 years of high school .................................................. 4,001 944 3,057 2,727 588 2,139 68.2 62.3 70.0 1,970 441 1,528 757 147 611 27.8 24.9 28.5 1,274 356 918 High school graduates Graduated from high s c h o o l........................................................................ Completed 4 years of high school o n ly .................................................. Completed 1 year of college or m o re ..................................................... Completed 1 to 3 years of c o lle g e ....................................................... Completed 4 years of college or m o re ............................................... 13,479 9,523 3,956 2,534 1,422 11,730 8,111 3,619 2,261 1,357 87.0 85.2 91.5 89.3 95.4 10,223 6,923 3,301 2,060 1,241 1,506 1,189 318 201 117 12.8 14.7 8.8 8.9 8.6 1,750 1,412 337 272 65 Not enrolled in school ........................................................................................ 2,922 2,109 72.2 1,296 813 38.6 813 School dropouts Completed less than 4 years of high s c h o o l........................................... Completed 8 years of school or le s s ...................................................... Completed 1 to 3 years of high school .................................................. 918 176 742 543 96 447 59.2 54.2 60.3 255 47 207 288 48 240 53.1 50.6 53.6 375 81 294 High school graduates Graduated from high s c h o o l........................................................................ Completed 4 years of high school o n ly .................................................. Completed 1 year of college or m o re ..................................................... Completed 1 to 3 years of c o lle g e ....................................................... Completed 4 years of college or m o r e ............................................... 2,005 1,523 481 407 75 1,566 1,137 430 358 71 78.1 74.6 89.3 88.1 95.7 1,041 730 311 257 54 525 406 119 102 17 33.5 35.7 27.7 28.4 438 387 52 48 3 Men Women White Black 1 Data not shown where base is less than 75,000. 31 (1 ) Table B-13. Employment status of the Hlspanie-origiin population 18 to 24 years ©id by sehooi enrollment status, edueationai attainment, and sex, Oetober 1981-82 (Mumfoers in thousands^ Civilian labor force Characteristic Civilian noninstitutional population Unemployed Total Percent of population Employed Total Not in labor force Percent of labor force 1981 Total, 16 to 24 ye a rs........................................................... 2,684 1,652 61.6 1,395 257 15.6 1,032 Mexican origin............................................................................. Puerto Rican origin..................................................................... Other Hispanic origin.................................................................. 1,736 373 576 1,137 150 366 65.5 40.1 63.5 966 115 314 171 35 51 15.0 23.3 14.0 599 223 210 Enrolled in school ...................................................................... Men .......................................................................................... Women..................................................................................... 984 517 467 374 207 168 38.1 40.0 35.9 315 170 145 60 37 23 16.0 17.9 13.6 609 310 299 Elementary or high school ...................................................... College...................................................................................... 627 357 180 194 28.8 54.4 144 171 37 23 20.3 11.9 446 163 Mexican origin.......................................................................... Puerto Rican origin.................................................................. Other Hispanic origin ............................................................... 563 152 268 220 26 128 39.1 17.1 47.9 186 20 109 34 6 20 15.3 O 15.3 343 126 140 Not enrolled in school ................................................................ Men .......................................................................................... W omen..................................................................................... 1,701 816 885 1,278 736 542 75.1 90.2 61.3 1,081 621 460 197 115 82 15.4 15.6 15.2 423 80 343 Less than 4 years of high school............................................ 4 years of high school or m ore.............................................. 891 810 620 658 69.6 81.2 509 572 111 86 18.0 13.1 270 152 Mexican origin.......................................................................... Puerto Rican origin.................................................................. Other Hispanic origin ............................................................... 1,172 220 308 917 124 237 78.2 56.1 77.1 780 95 206 137 28 32 15.0 23.0 13.3 256 97 70 Total, 16 to 24 years ........................................................... 2,598 1,503 57.8 1,176 326 21.7 1,096 Mexican origin............................................................................. Puerto Rican origin..................................................................... Other Hispanic origin .................................................................. 1,675 377 547 1,051 141 311 62.7 37.5 56.9 826 102 249 225 40 62 21.4 28.0 20.0 624 236 236 Enrolled in school ...................................................................... Men .......................................................................................... W omen..................................................................................... 956 499 456 329 164 166 34.4 32.8 36.3 254 125 129 75 38 36 22.7 23.4 22.0 627 336 291 Elementary or high school ...................................................... College..................................................................................... 604 352 141 188 23.4 53.4 89 165 52 23 36.9 12.0 463 164 Mexican origin.......................................................................... Puerto Rican origin.................................................................. Other Hispanic origin ............................................................... 519 176 261 183 41 104 35.3 23.6 40.0 141 32 81 42 9 23 23.1 (1 ) 22.0 335 135 157 Not enrolled in school ................................................................ Men .......................................................................................... Women...................................................................................... 1,643 764 879 1,174 668 506 71.4 87.5 57.5 922 522 400 252 145 106 21.4 21.8 21.0 469 96 373 Less than 4 years of high school............................................ 4 years of high school or m ore.............................................. 823 820 535 639 65.0 77.9 403 519 132 120 24.7 18.7 288 181 Mexican origin.......................................................................... Puerto Rican origin.................................................................. Other Hispanic origin ............................................................... 1,156 201 286 867 100 207 75.0 49.7 72.3 685 70 167 182 30 39 21.0 30.2 19.0 289 101 79 1982 1 Data not shown where base is less than 75,000. 32 B-14. Employment status of the high school graduates not enrolled in college and school dropouts 16 to 24 years old by sex, age, and race, October 1981-82 (Num bers In thousands) High school graduates not enrolled in college School dropouts Civilian labor force Civilian labor force Sex, age, and race Civilian noninstitutional population Civilian noninstitutional population Unemployed Total Percent of population Employed Num ber Percent of labor force Unemployed Total Percent of population Employed Num ber Percent of labor force 1981 TOTAL 16 to 24 y e a rs .................................. 16 to 17 y e a rs ............................... 18 to 19 y e a rs ............................... 20 to 21 y e a rs ............................... 22 to 24 y e a rs ............................... 15,894 126 2,840 4,399 8,529 13,729 94 2,425 3,868 7,341 86.4 74.8 85.4 87.9 86.1 12,092 80 2,003 3,367 6,643 1,637 15 423 501 698 11.9 15.7 17.4 13.0 9.5 5,143 622 1,299 1,322 1,899 3,502 347 909 948 1,298 68.1 55.8 70.0 71.7 68.3 2,559 222 621 699 1,017 943 125 288 249 280 26.9 36.0 31.7 26.3 21.6 White .............................................. B la c k ................................................ 13,691 1,937 12,009 1,534 87.7 79.2 10,811 1,120 1,197 414 10.0 27.0 4,107 913 2,889 551 70.4 60.3 2,232 285 657 266 22.7 48.3 16 to 24 y e a rs.................................. 16 to 17 y e a rs ............................... 18 to 19 y e a rs ............................... 20 to 21 y e a rs ............................... 22 to 24 y e a rs ............................... 7,272 54 1,273 2,050 3,896 6,839 40 1,155 1,947 3,697 94.0 (1) 90.8 95.0 94.9 6,024 34 964 1,703 3,323 815 6 192 243 374 11.9 (1) 16.6 12.5 10.1 2,746 322 706 705 1,013 2,345 225 598 630 892 85.4 70.0 84.8 89.4 88.0 1,764 157 431 472 705 582 68 167 158 187 24.8 30.3 28.0 25.1 21.0 White .............................................. B la c k ............................................... 6,328 832 6,027 721 95.3 86.7 5,404 539 623 182 10.3 25.3 2,234 460 1,969 345 88.1 74.9 1,547 194 422 150 21.4 43.6 16 to 24 y e a rs .................................. 16 to 17 y e a rs ............................... 18 to 19 y e a rs ............................... 20 to 21 y e a rs ............................... 22 to 24 y e a rs ............................... 8,622 73 1,567 2,349 4,633 6,890 55 1,270 1,921 3,644 79.9 (1) 81.0 81.8 78.7 6,068 46 1,039 1,664 3,320 822 9 231 258 325 11.9 (') 18.2 13.4 8.9 2,397 300 594 617 886 1,156 122 311 318 406 48.2 40.7 52.4 51.5 45.8 795 65 190 227 313 361 57 121 91 93 31.2 46.4 38.8 28.6 22.9 White .............................................. B la c k ............................................... 7,363 1,105 5,981 813 81.2 73.5 5,407 581 574 232 9.6 28.5 1,872 453 920 206 49.1 45.5 685 90 235 116 25.5 56.2 Men W om en 1982 TOTAL 16 to 24 y e a rs.................................. 16 to 17 y e a rs ............................... 18 to 19 y e a rs ............................... 20 to 21 y e a rs ............................... 22 to 24 y e a rs ............................... 15,772 159 2,850 4,083 8,680 13,531 123 2,380 3,537 7,490 85.8 77.1 83.5 86.6 86.3 11,468 85 1,878 2,995 6,511 2,062 38 503 543 979 15.2 30.5 21.1 15.3 13.1 5,055 556 1,336 1,310 1,854 3,352 310 896 918 1,228 66.3 55.8 67.1 70.1 66.2 2,285 180 558 622 925 1,067 130 338 296 302 31.8 42.0 37.7 32.2 24.6 White ............................................... B la c k ................................................ 13,479 2,005 11,730 1,566 87.0 78.1 10,223 1,041 1,506 525 12.8 33.5 4,001 918 2,727 543 68.2 59.2 1,970 255 757 288 27.8 53.1 16 to 24 y e a rs .................................. 16 to 17 y e a rs ............................... 18 to 19 y e a rs ............................... 20 to 21 y e a rs ............................... 22 to 24 y e a rs ............................... 7,346 63 1,314 1,894 4,075 6,864 52 1,153 1,762 3,896 96.4 (1 ) 87.7 93.0 95.6 5,806 34 926 1,495 3,351 1,058 18 227 267 546 15.4 O 19.7 15.2 14.0 2,601 272 709 670 950 2,193 198 568 585 842 84.3 72.7 80.0 87.3 88.7 1,508 103 365 401 640 685 95 202 184 203 31.2 48.0 35.7 31.5 24.1 White ............................................... B la c k ................................................ 6,358 848 6,003 738 94.4 87.1 5,190 511 813 227 13.5 30.7 2,041 494 1,771 366 86.8 74.2 1,295 175 476 192 26.9 52.4 16 to 24 y e a rs .................................. 16 to 17 y e a rs ............................... 18 to 19 y e a rs ............................... 20 to 21 y e a rs ............................... 22 to 24 y e a rs ............................... 8,426 96 1,536 2,189 4,605 6,667 71 1,227 1,775 3,594 79.1 73.5 79.9 81.1 78.0 5,662 51 952 1,500 3,160 1,005 19 276 276 434 15.1 (1) 22.5 15.5 12.1 2,454 284 627 640 904 1,159 112 328 333 385 47.2 39.6 52.4 52.0 42.6 777 77 193 221 286 382 35 135 112 99 33.0 31.5 41.2 33.6 25.8 White ............................................... B la c k ................................................ 7,122 1,157 5,726 828 80.4 71.6 5,033 530 693 298 12.1 36.0 1,960 427 956 176 48.8 41.6 674 80 282 96 29.4 54.6 Men W om en 1 Data not shown where base is less than 75,000. 33 Table B-15. Unemployed 16- to 24-year olds enrolled in school, high school graduates not enrolled in college, and school dropouts by age, sex, race, and duration of unemployment, October 1981-82 (Percent distribution) Duration of unemployment Total employed Enrollment status, sex, and race 15 weeks or more Thousands of persons Percent Less than 5 weeks 5 to 14 weeks Total 15 to 26 weeks 27 weeks or more 1981 TOTAL Enrolled in school .................................................................................................................. 16 to 19 years ..................................................................................................................... 20 to 24 years ..................................................................................................................... 1,060 854 207 100.0 100.0 100.0 51.4 52.2 48.1 35.8 36.2 33.9 12.8 11.5 18.0 8.7 8.3 10.6 4.1 3.2 7.4 High school graduates not enrolled in c o lle g e ................................................................ School d ro p o u ts ..................................................................................................................... 1,637 943 100.0 100.0 45.3 46.5 30.5 28.2 24.2 25.3 14.2 11.0 10.0 14.3 Enrolled in school .................................................................................................................. 16 to 19 years ..................................................................................................................... 20 to 24 years ..................................................................................................................... 542 424 118 100.0 100.0 100.0 49.2 50.7 43.8 37.9 38.5 35.7 12.9 10.9 20.4 8.2 7.2 11.9 4.7 3.6 8.5 High school graduates not enrolled in college ................................................................ School d ro p o u ts ..................................................................................................................... 815 582 100.0 100.0 40.3 44.7 30.4 26.5 29.3 28.8 15.9 12.6 13.4 16.2 Enrolled in school .................................................................................................................. 16 to 19 years ..................................................................................................................... 20 to 24 years ..................................................................................................................... 518 429 89 100.0 100.0 100.0 53.7 53.7 53.7 33.6 34.1 31.5 12.6 12.2 14.8 9.3 9.4 8.8 3.4 2.8 6.0 High school graduates not enrolled in c o lle g e ................................................................ School d ro p o u ts ..................................................................................................................... 822 361 100.0 100.0 50.3 49.4 30.5 30.9 19.2 19.7 12.6 8.4 6.6 11.2 823 1,197 657 100.0 100.0 100.0 51.4 47.9 47.3 37.1 30.8 28.4 11.5 21.3 24.4 8.1 12.0 12.0 3.4 9.2 12.3 208 414 266 100.0 100.0 100.0 48.2 37.4 44.1 32.8 29.6 27.3 19.0 33.0 28.6 11.8 21.0 9.2 7.2 12.0 19.4 Men Women White Enrolled in school .................................................................................................................. High school graduates not enrolled in college ................................................................ School d ro p o u ts ..................................................................................................................... Black Enrolled in school .................................................................................................................. High school graduates not enrolled in college ................................................................ School d ro p o u ts ..................................................................................................................... 1982 TOTAL Enrolled in school .................................................................................................................. 16 to 19 years ..................................................................................................................... 20 to 24 years ....,............................................................................................................... 1,201 915 286 100.0 100.0 100.0 45.6 46.7 42.4 36.5 38.0 31.9 17.8 15.4 25.7 11.7 10.5 15.6 6.1 4.9 10.0 High school graduates not enrolled in college ................................................................ School d ro p o u ts ..................................................................................................................... 2,062 1,067 100.0 100.0 35.4 37.1 31.8 28.0 32.8 35.0 17.4 14.8 15.4 20.2 Enrolled in school ............................................................................. 16 to 19 years ..................................................................................................................... 20 to 24 years ..................................................................................................................... 673 493 180 100.0 100.0 100.0 44.1 46.5 37.5 35.8 36.7 33.3 20.1 16.8 29.2 12.6 11.1 16.6 7.6 5.7 12.6 High school graduates not enrolled in c o lle g e ................................................................ School d ro p o u ts ..................................................................................................................... 1,058 685 100.0 100.0 31.1 32.9 34.2 26.8 34.7 40.3 17.6 16.6 17.1 23.7 Enrolled in school ................................................................................................................. 16 to 19 years .................................................................................................................... 20 to 24 years .................................................................................................................... 528 423 105 100.0 100.0 100.0 47.6 46.8 50.8 37.5 39.5 29.6 14.9 13.7 19.6 10.6 9.8 14.0 4.3 3.9 5.6 High school graduates not enrolled in college ................................................................ School d ro p o u ts ..................................................................................................................... 1,005 382 100.0 100.0 40.0 44.6 29.3 30.0 30.7 25.4 17.1 11.5 13.5 13.9 942 1,506 757 100.0 100.0 100.0 48.8 35.1 38.1 35.5 33.3 28.5 15.8 31.6 33.5 10.7 18.2 15.6 5.1 13.4 17.9 218 525 288 100.0 100.0 100.0 34.0 36.3 33.9 40.7 27.4 27.4 25.3 36.4 38.6 14.3 15.4 13.2 11.0 20.9 25.4 Men Women White Enrolled in school .................................................................................................................. High school graduates not enrolled in c o lle g e ................................................................ School d ro p o u ts ..................................................................................................................... Black Enrolled in school .................................................................................................................. High school graduates not enrolled in college ................................................................ School d ro p o u ts ..................................................................................................................... 34 Table B-16. Unemployed 16- to 24-year-olds enrolled in school by occupation, sex, and age, October 1981-82 (Percent distribution) Women Men Occupation Total, 16 to 24 years 16 to 17 years Total, 16 to 24 years 18 to 24 years 16 to 17 years 18 to 24 years 1981 Total (thousands).......................................................................... Percent....................................................................................... 542 100.0 284 100.0 259 100.0 518 100.0 258 100.0 261 100.0 White-collar workers............................................................................ Professional and technical workers ................................................ Managers and administrators, except farm ..................................... Sales workers................................................................................... Clerical workers ............................................................................... 11.2 3.4 .4 1.7 5.7 3.4 1.7 1.1 .5 32.4 3.5 .2 5.5 23.2 20.3 1.9 - 19.8 5.3 .8 2.3 11.4 4.1 14.3 44.3 5.0 .4 6.9 32.1 Blue-collar workers.............................................................................. Craft and kindred workers............................................................... Operatives......................................................................................... Nonfarm laborers.............................................................................. 31.7 5.6 10.9 15.2 21.9 3.2 4.9 13.8 42.5 8.3 17.4 16.8 5.6 .5 3.4 1.8 5.3 .7 2.3 2.3 6.0 .2 4.5 1.3 Service workers.................................................................................. Private household workers............................................................... Service workers, except private household.................................... 20.1 .3 19.8 20.7 .5 20.2 19.4 19.4 17.9 1.7 16.2 16.6 1.1 15.5 19.1 2.2 16.9 Farm workers...................................................................................... 2.4 2.8 2.0 .3 .6 No previous work experience............................................................. 34.6 51.3 16.3 43.8 57.2 30.5 Total (thousands).......................................................................... Percent....................................................................................... 673 100.0 336 100.0 337 100.0 528 100.0 264 100.0 264 100.0 White-collar workers............................................................................ Professional and technical workers ................................................ Managers and administrators, except farm ..................................... Sales workers................................................................................... Clerical workers ................................................................................ 11.8 2.9 1.1 3.5 4.3 4.3 .5 1.9 2.0 23.9 3.2 1.8 3.6 15.2 9.6 1.0 - 19.2 5.3 2.3 5.1 6.6 38.2 5.4 3.7 6.4 22.8 Blue-collar workers.............................................................................. Craft and kindred workers................................................................ Operatives......................................................................................... Nonfarm laborers.............................................................................. 32.3 4.8 10.3 17.2 23.4 3.3 3.7 16.4 41.2 6.4 16.8 18.0 6.8 .4 4.1 2.3 Service workers.................................................................................. Private household workers............................................................... Service workers, except private household.................................... 14.4 - 14.4 12.0 _ 12.0 16.7 _ 16.7 Farm workers...................................................................................... 1.5 2.4 No previous work experience............................................................. 40.1 57.9 - - 1982 35 .9 7.7 4.6 2.6 2.0 8.9 .8 5.7 2.5 18.1 .5 17.6 15.1 .2 14.9 21.1 .8 20.3 .6 .8 .2 1.4 22.4 50.4 70.5 30.3 - Table B-17. Employed and unemployed high school graduates not enrolled in college and school dropouts 16 to 21 years old by occupation and sex, October 1981-82 (Percent distribution) Women Men High school graduates Occupation Employed Employed High school 4 years only School dropouts High school graduates School dropouts College, 1 year or more Unem ployed Employed Unem ployed High school 4. years only College, 1 year or more Unem ployed Employed Unem ployed 1981 Total (thousands) ........................................................ Percent...................................................................... 2,274 100.0 427 100.0 441 100.0 1,059 100.0 394 100.0 2,214 100,0 534 100.0 497 100.0 483 100.0 268 100.0 White-collar workers.......................................................... Professional and technical workers............................... Managers and administrators, except fa rm ................... Sales workers................................................................. Clerical workers............................................................... 16.5 3.1 3.0 4.6 5.9 32.5 9.8 7.3 4.5 10.9 8.0 .8 1.5 2.2 3.5 6.7 .7 1.7 1.0 3.3 6.0 .7 1.3 .3 3.7 60.7 2.3 3.8 7.6 47.1 74.3 14.2 3.9 10.6 45.7 41.4 2.9 .9 6.2 31.4 27.2 2.4 1.6 7.1 16.1 19.8 2.0 .7 4.5 12.7 Blue-collar workers ............................................................ Craft and kindred workers............................................... Operatives, except transport........................................... Transport equipment operatives..................................... Nonfarm laborers............................................................. 65.2 21.6 19.5 6.0 18.1 46.5 14.4 10.7 6.5 15.0 55.6 17.2 10.3 6.0 22.1 68.6 21.1 24.1 6.1 17.4 51.3 13.9 13.7 3.3 20.4 15.0 1.5 10.6 .5 2.4 9.3 2.8 4.7 1.8 11.5 .3 8.0 .3 2.9 28.1 .9 23.1 .9 3.2 27.6 .7 19.8 7.1 Service workers................................................................. Private household workers............................................. Service workers, except private household................... 12.5 12.5 16.9 16.9 14.4 14.4 14.2 .2 14.1 19.7 19.7 23.3 2.5 20.8 15.4 .6 14.8 23.1 1.3 21.7 39.2 6.6 32.6 26.1 .9 25.2 Farm workers..................................................................... 5.8 4.1 1.1 10.5 5.6 1.0 .9 .5 5.5 2.6 - 21.0 - 17.4 No previous work experience............................................ - - - 23.5 - 23.8 1982 Total (thousands)........................................................ Percent...................................................................... 2,070 100.0 386 100.0 512 100.0 869 100.0 482 100.0 1,966 100.0 536 100.0 571 100.0 491 100.0 283 100.0 White-collar workers.......................................................... Professional and technical workers............................... Managers and administrators, except farm ................... Sales w orkers................................................................. Clerical workers.............................................................. 16.6 2.1 4.4 4.6 5.5 37.2 5.9 7.9 9.9 13.5 9.4 2.0 .9 2.2 4.3 8.9 1.2 2.1 1.2 4.5 6.2 1.3 1.0 2.3 1.8 56.5 3.6 3.3 7.9 41.7 73.6 15.0 5.6 9.3 43.8 34.8 2.2 1.8 6.0 24.7 31.4 3.6 1.9 7.4 18.5 16.9 .6 5.5 10.9 Blue-collar workers ............................................................ Craft and kindred workers.............................................. Operatives, except transport........................................... Transport equipment operatives..................................... Nonfarm laborers............................................................. 59.8 19.2 16.1 5.1 19.3 40.9 16.4 6.7 5.6 12.3 51.9 12.0 17.0 3.4 19.4 63.2 18.8 18.3 4.4 21.8 49.6 9.7 18.6 3.3 17.9 13.1 1.6 8.4 .4 2.7 7.9 1.4 4.0 .9 1.5 11.5 1.0 8.1 .2 2.2 26.6 1.9 20.1 .7 3.8 20.0 .5 13.8 5.8 Service workers................................................................. Private household workers............................................. Service workers, except private household................... 16.7 16.7 17.0 17.0 14.9 14.9 17.2 .3 16.9 13.8 13.8 29.5 3.2 26.3 18.3 18.2 23.5 .5 23.0 38.1 5.7 32.4 33.1 2.8 30.3 Farm workers..................................................................... 6.9 4.9 2.2 10.7 4.7 .8 .2 .9 3.9 3.4 21.6 - 25.7 No previous work experience........................................... - - 36 - - 29.3 - 26.5 Table B-18. Unemployed 16- to 21-year-olds e nrolled in school, high school graduates not enrolled in college, and school dropouts by sex, race, and reason fo r unemployment, October 1981-82 (Percent distribution) _____________ __ _______________________________________________________________________ ________ _ Total unemployed School enrollment status, sex, and race Thousands of persons Reason for looking for work On layoff Percent Quit Lost job Left school Wanted temporary job Other1 1981 Enrolled in school T ota l........................................................................ 968 100.0 2.1 11.6 10.2 0.9 47.1 28.1 M e n ...................................................................... Women ................................................................. 491 478 100.0 100.0 3.4 .9 12.2 11.0 9.0 11.4 .5 1.4 51.6 42.6 23.4 32.8 W hite.................................................................... B lack.................................................................... 757 187 100.0 100.0 2.0 2.8 11.9 10.4 10.5 8.3 .9 1.0 49.1 40.2 25.5 37.4 T otal........................................................................ 938 100.0 8.8 26.7 15.3 23.0 6.1 20.1 M e n ...................................................................... Women ................................................................ 441 497 100.0 100.0 11.0 6.9 31.3 22.5 13.3 17.0 24.4 21.7 3.0 8.9 16.9 23.0 W hite.................................................................... B lack.................................................................... 671 254 100.0 100.0 11.2 3.1 27.2 25.9 17.3 9.8 22.3 24.9 5.5 7.2 16.6 29.1 T otal........................................................................ 662 100.0 10.1 32.1 14.1 17.9 4.6 21.1 M e n ...................................................................... Women ................................................................. 394 268 100.0 100.0 12.4 6.7 39.3 21.6 12.0 17.3 16.3 20.4 2.7 7.6 17.4 26.5 W hite..................................................................... B la ck.................................................................... 472 177 100.0 100.0 11.7 5.9 35.5 23.3 16.2 8.6 14.7 26.9 3.5 7.9 18.4 27.5 High school graduates not enrolled in college School dropouts 1982 Enrolled in school T otal........................................................................ 1,063 100.0 3.2 11.1 9.2 1.7 41.7 33.1 M e n ...................................................................... Women ................................................................ 577 485 100.0 100.0 4.5 1.6 12.8 9.1 7.9 10.7 1.7 1.5 37.8 46.3 35.2 30.7 W hite.................................................................... B lack.................................................................... 851 181 100.0 100.0 3.6 1.8 11.5 10.4 10.1 4.8 1.3 3.5 44.2 33.2 29.2 46.4 T otal........................................................................ 1,083 100.0 9.5 34.0 10.0 25.6 5.2 15.7 M e n ....................................................................... Women ................................................................. 512 571 100.0 100.0 14.2 5.3 39.0 29.5 7.3 12.4 27.3 24.1 4.1 6.1 8.1 22.6 W hite..................................................................... B la ck..................................................................... 789 279 100.0 100.0 12.3 1.6 36.1 28.1 10.6 7.8 21.9 36.4 5.9 3.2 13.3 22.9 T otal........................................................................ 764 100.0 9.6 35.2 8.7 18.6 6.0 21.8 M e n ...................................................................... Women ................................................................. 482 283 100.0 100.0 11.7 5.9 41.2 25.1 5.8 13.6 22.3 12.5 3.6 10.1 15.4 32.8 W hite..................................................................... B la ck..................................................................... 551 198 100.0 100.0 11.9 3.9 35.0 35.9 10.1 4.1 17.6 21.7 5.2 8.0 20.2 26.4 High school graduates not enrolled in college School dropouts 1 Includes financial reasons and discharge from the Armed Forces. 37 .is the oldest, most authoritative Government journal in its field MONTHLY LABOR REVIEW U .S . 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