The full text on this page is automatically extracted from the file linked above and may contain errors and inconsistencies.
U. S. DEPARTMENT OF LABOR JAMES J. DAVIS, Secretary BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS ETHELBERT STEWART, Commissioner BULLETIN OF THE UNITED STATES \ Ik T BUREAU OF LA B O R S T A T I S T I C S / .................. I lO o INDUSTRIAL ACCIDENTS AND HYGIENE J AA B SERIES STATISTICS OF INDUSTRIAL ACCIDENTS IN THE UNITED STATES TO THE END OF 1927 AUGUST, 1929 UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE WASHINGTON ; 1929 For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, Washington, D. C, Price 30 cents A C K N O W LE D G M E N T This bulletin wa$ prepared by Lucian W. Chaney and C. F. Stod dard, of the United States Bureau of Labor Statistics. ii CONTENTS Page C hapter I.— Introduction________________________________________________ 1-5 Relation of statistics to industrial safety_____________________________ 1, 2 Scope of the bureau’ s accident reports_______________________________ 2 -4 Accident prevention possible_________________________________________ 4, 5 C hapter II.— Statistical items essential for accident prevention w ork____ 6-10 Number of accidents__________________________________________ ______ 6 Exposure to hazard___________________________________________________ 6, 7 Accident rates________________________________________________________ 8, 9 9, 10 Classification of industry_____________________________________________ Causes of accidents___________________________________________________ 10 Conclusion___________________________________________________________ 10 C hapter III.— Accidents in manufacturing industries__________________ 11-117 General scope of surveys made_______________________________________ 11, 12 Accident data reported by the States, 1917 to 1927__________________ 12-15 Accident data gathered by the bureau covering manufacturing indus tries_______________________________________________________________ 16-117 Accidents and accident rates, 1925 to 1927, by industry and State_________________________________________________________ 17-114 Accidents and accident rates, in specified States, by industry. 32-67 Accidents and accident rates, in specified industries, by States___________________________________________________ 68-114 Accidents in specified industries, classified by nature of injury, 1927_____ ______________________________________ 115-117 C hapter IV .— Accident experience in the iron and steel industrj^ to the end of 1927___________________________________________________________ 118-157 Accident experience of selected plants, 1907 to 1927_______________118-187 The industry and its departments_____________________________ 120-126 The industry________________________________________________ 121 Blast furnaces____________________________________________ 121, 122 Bessemer converters________________________________________ 122 Open-hearth furnaces_____________________________________ 122, 123 Foundries_________________________________________________ 123, 124 Heavv rolling mills_______________________________________ 124, 125 Plate "mills__________________________________________________ 125 Sheet mills__________________________________________________ 125 Tube mills__________________________________________________ 126 Mechanical department_____________________________________ 126 Accidents and accident rates, by year and period_____________ 127-137 Accident rates in the industry, 1922 to 1927, by States___________ 137-139 Analysis of accident causes in the industry by department________ 139-146 M achinery_______________________________________________________ 140 Power vehicles___________________________________________________ 141 H ot substances__________________________________________________ 142 Falls of persons________________________________________________ 142, 143 Falling objects_________________________________________________ 143, 144 Handling______________________________________________________ 144, 145 Miscellaneous causes__________________________________________ 145, 146 Accident experience of the departments analyzed by cause________ 146-157 B lastfurn aces_____ r _____________________________________________ 147 Bessemer converters___________________________________________ 147, 148 Open-hearth furnaces____________________________________________ 148 Foundries________________________________________________________ 149 H eavy rolling mills____________________________________________ 149, 150 Plate mills_______________________________________________________ 150 Sheet mills_______________________________________________________ 151 Tube mills_____________________________________________________ 151, 152 Fabricating shops________________________________________________ 152 Mechanical department__________________________________________ 153 Yards__________________________________________________________ 153, 154 Miscellaneous rolling mills_______________________________________ 154 Electrical department____________________________________________ 155 Wire drawing__________________________________________________ 155, 156 H ot rolling of sheets______ _______________ _____________________ 156, 157 hi IV CONTENTS Page V.— Accidents and accident rates in mines, quarries, and metal lurgical works________________________________________________________ 158-171 Coal mines_________________________________________________________ 159-161 Location and causes of accidents______________________________ 159— 161 Metal mines________________________________________________________ 161-165 Quarries____________________________________________________________ 165, 166 Metallurgical w orks________________________________________________ 166, 167 Coke ovens_________________________________________________________ 167-169 All mineral industries______________________________________________ 169-171 C h a p t e r VI.— Casualties attending the operation of steam and electric railways______________________________________________________________ 172-181 Marked improvement noted_______________________________________ 172, 173 Casualties to trainmen on Class I railroads, 1916 to 1927_________ 173-178 Nontrain accidents, 1917 to 1927__________________________________ 179, 180 Grade-crossing accidents, 1890 to 1927_____________________________ 180, 181 Electric railways______________________________________________________ 181 C h a p t e r V II.— Record of accidents in the Federal departments, 1921 to 1927__________________________________________________________________ 182-184 C h a p t e r V III.— Industrial accident experience of members of the N a tional Safety Council___________________ _____________________________ 185-187 C hapter BULLETIN OF THE U. S. BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS WASHINGTON No. 490 AUGUST, 1929 STATISTICS OF INDUSTRIAL ACCIDENTS IN THE UNITED STATES TO THE END OF 1927 Chapter I.— INTRODUCTION RELATION OF STATISTICS TO INDUSTRIAL SAFETY The purpose of the collection and publication of industrial accident statistics is to offer a basis for the promotion of safety in industry. The use of such data is essential to an effective operation of any wellplanned safety program. To be intelligently applied this informa tion must be analyzed and presented in such a way as to show, by the use of accident rates (explained on p. 8), the frequency with which accidents are occurring in any particular department or occu pation of a plant, how serious these accidents are in terms of degree of disability measured by time loss, and the relative importance of the causes operating to produce such accidents. With this informa tion at hand the plant manager or safety director is able to proceed with his program for the conservation of human life within his estab lishment, knowing that a plan worked out in cooperation with his foremen or his plant committees, or by other approved method, and vigorously and consistently applied, with special emphasis where the T need is shown by the accident rates to be greatest, will, in the absence of fortuitous circumstances, result in a reduction of injuries of all kinds. The enactment of compensation laws in nearly every State1 focused attention upon the necessity for accident statistics which would shed light upon the various problems of compensation insurance. As this principle of compensating workmen for injuries received in the course of their employment has developed in recent years, some State administrative bodies have come to realize the value of such data in the work of accident prevention and are making the information available to industry. Unfortunately, however, the States have adopted procedures sufficiently different to make it difficult, and in many cases impossible, to combine these records in a general exhibit of interest and utility. The primary reasons for this are, first, lack of funds, because of which handicap many States have been unable to develop their statistical organizations sufficiently i South Carolina, Florida, Mississippi, and Arkansas had no such law. ture passed a compensation law at its session in 1929, The North Carolina Legisla 1 2 ST A TIST IC S OF IN D U S T R IA L A CCID EN TS to utilize the enormous quantity of raw material of accident statistics which has accumulated in the course of the administration of the workmen’s compensation laws; and, second, the fact that the State agencies have found themselves so involved in the multiplicity of problems of compensation that they have been unable to give adequate attention to the really more important problems of accident prevention. Ultimately it will be necessary for all States to do what some have already done, namely, to grapple with the matter of accident preven tion. It is to be hoped that when this time comes there will be an intelligent correlation of the statistical service and the inspection service, so that the statistical information may contribute its full share to the desired end. A complete compilation of industrial accident statistics has never been attempted by any Government agency. Here, again, insuffi cient appropriations have made impossible the nation-wide first-hand survey of industry rendered necessary by the absence of provisions in State laws calling for uniform methods of reporting accident data, including definitions, industry classification, report forms, time and extent of reporting, etc., and the centralization of such records in some Federal department at Washington. SCOPE OF TH E BUREAU’ S ACCIDENT RE PO R TS The United States Bureau of Labor Statistics has issued four bulletins 2 bringing together, so far as possible, the important records of industrial accidents throughout the country. Two of these were prepared by Dr. Frederick L. Hoffman and were issued in 1908 and 1914. The third, prepared by the bureau staff and published in 1923, brought the data for the most part down to the year 1920. In 1927 the fourth report was issued, including, so far as possible, accident records to the end of 1925. In all of these bulletins the data are based largely upon State and other official published reports, but the fourth bulletin, in addition to this, includes the results of the first attempt to collect directly from the States and from industry itself (other than the iron and steel industry, for which accident data have long been available) adequate statistics of accidents in manufacturing industries in a manner to make possible the computation of compar able accident rates. This record was supplemented in 1927 by the publication of a pamphlet giving the accident experience in the iron and steel industry and in a selected group of other manufacturing industries to the end of 1926. In the introduction to the second bulletin Doctor Hoffman com ments as follows: “ At the present time there are no entirely complete and trustworthy industrial accident statistics for even a single im portant industry in the United States. The most reliable data are for the iron and steel industries, mining, and the railways.” As time has gone on, the three Federal agencies concerning themselves with accident statistics, namely, the Interstate Commerce Commission, the Bureau of Mines, and the Bureau of Labor Statistics, have so im proved their methods of collecting and handling accident data that 2 IT. S. Bureau of Labor Statistics Bui. 78: Industrial accidents; Bui. N o. 157: Industrial accident sta tistics; Bui. 3,39: Statistics of industrial accidents iu the United States; Bui. 425: Record of industrial accidents in the United States to 1925. IN TR O D U C TIO N 3 what they offer may fairly be claimed to be “ trustworthy,” though in the nature of the case it would be beyond reasonable expectation that they should be “ entirely complete.” The present bulletin brings the statistical data regarding industrial accidents down to the end of the year 1927. The first accident data assembled by the bureau on a large scale pertains to the iron and steel industry. Beginning in 1911, when the first comprehensive report was issued as Volume IV of Senate Docu ment 110 (62d Cong., 1st sess.), the work has been carried on an nually and the results published from time to time,3 culminating in the figures offered in the present bulletin, which gives the accident experience of this great industry for a period of 19 years. Having secured the cordial cooperation of the industry to the extent that accident reporting is now regular and complete and susceptible of analysis for the application of accident prevention measures, the bureau has turned its attention to obtaining reports concerning manu facturing industries in general, continuing, however, to regard the iron .and steel industry as a separate group. Data for this industry therefor are, in consequence, omitted from the general tabulations herein and presented as Chapter IV. The record of the other indus tries first published was for the year 1925 (Bui. 425); it was followed by data for 1926 (Labor Review, Oct., 1927), and now by data for 1927. In addition to the data gathered first hand by the bureau’s repre sentatives, considerable statistical material compiled by other agencies has been included in the present bulletin. The bureau’s presentation of accidents in manufacturing industries and in the iron and steel industry is followed by tabulations published by the United States Bureau of Mines, covering mines, quarries, and metallurgical works, and by the Interstate Commerce Commission, covering the steam and electric railways of the country. These tables are supplemented by charts prepared by the bureau. The Federal Employees’ Com pensation Commission compiles statistics relating to accidents among Government employees in the civil service, and these figures have been included in this report. Other accident experience of sufficient volume to be significant has been taken from the latest report of'the National Safety Council,4 which gives for the year 1927 a record of 2,089 establishments em ploying 1,565,747 workers, with a total of 3,742,404,981 man-hours’ exposure. These figures cover 16 industrial groups. In some instances the accident rates taken from the other sources noted have, where it was possible to do so, been recomputed, on the basis of man-hours’ exposure so that they may be more nearly com parable with the rates given in the bureau’s tabular matter. In other instances, where no rates are given in the original report, they have been computed. After all, the rates are the significant factors for use in any accident-prevention campaign, and all presentations of acci dent statistics, whether by official or unofficial organizations or by industry itself, which do not include accident rates, lose much of their value from the standpoint of safety of workers. 3 Later complete reports on this industry are included in V , S. Bureau of Labor Statistics Buis, 234 and 298. 4 108 East Ohio Street, Chicago. 4 S T A TIST IC S OF IN D U S T R IA L A C C ID EN TS Recapitulating, it may be stated that this bulletin includes accident data covering the following: 1. Manufacturing industries (except the iron and steel industry, which is treated separately in Chapter IV). 2. Iron and steel industry. 3. Mines, quarries, and metallurgical works. 4. Steam and electric railways. 5. Federal departments. 6. Members of the National Safety Council. ACCIDENT PREVEN TION POSSIBLE That accidents can be prevented by an intelligent study of the situation, which is possible by the publication of statistics of this kind, is well illustrated by the record of the iron and steel industry. (See Table 11, p. 127). In 1910, before the accident situation was brought forcibly to the attention of the officials in that great industry through the computing and classification of accident rates, the workers were being killed and injured at the rate of 74.7 for every million man-hours of exposure, and for every thousand hours of exposure 7.2 days were being lost on account of disabling accidents. This was, of course, recognized as a serious economic loss that should be prevented. A definite safety policy was inaugurated and has been consistently maintained and rigorously enforced throughout the years, resulting in material, though intermittent, decrease in accident rates, until in 1927 the frequency rate had declined to 19.7 and the severity rate to 2.3, a drop of nearly 74 per cent in the former and of about 56 per cent in the latter. In considering other manufacturing industries, an average rate for the entire group is not significant, first, because of possible violent fluctuations in the amount of exposure or the number of establish ments included in the computation, both of which may vary widely from group to group and from year to year, and, second, because of the differences in the extent of reporting accidents in the various States. For these reasons average rates have been omitted from the totals in all tables. But industries may be compared with each other, and the record of accidents within any State may be compared from year to year, such comparison being possible because of the introduc tion of rates to interpret the significance of the abstract numbers. However, the value of such rates lies not alone in the making of comparisons but in the use of the information to improve conditions by the institution of comprehensive accident-prevention methods and their application where most needed. The record of the iron and steel industry is very striking. It is possible for other industries to duplicate this record. Indeed, some have done much along this line, as, for example, the Portland Cement Association whose plants, through the careful utilization of informa tion revealed by classified accident statistics, effected a reduction from 1919 to 1927 of 67.17 per cent in their total frequency rate and 49.28 per cent in their total severity rate. Table 1 summarizes the published reports of a number of representative industry groups, show ing in a rather impressive manner the effective results of safety efforts. 5 IN TR O D U C TIO N T a b le 1. — Com parative results o f accident prevention efforts in a group o f selected industries in specified years Industry Number of fullyear workers Number of acci dents Accident frequency rates (per 1,000,000 hours’ exposure) Rate Iron and steel: 1910_____________________________________ 1927_____________________________________ Portland Cement Association: 1919____________ _______ _________________ 1927_____________ ________ _______________ Paper mills: 1 1920_____________________________________ 1927_____________________________________ Chemicals:1 1923_____________________________ _____ 1927_____________________________________ Power presses:1 1926___________________________ ______ 1927_____________________________________ 202,157 395, 707 45, 283 23, 338 74. 67 19. 66 16, 247 31, 290 2,119 1, 340 43.47 14. 27 26, 525 Cl, 790 3,684 5,084 46. 34 27.42 6, 015 84, 682 443 4, 364 24. 55 17. 80 126, 387 149, 359 9,184 8, 717 Per cent of de crease 24.23 19.45 1 Industrial accident experience of members of the National Safety Council. Accident severity rates (per 1,000 hours’ exposure) Rate Per cent of de crease 73.67 5.20 2. 30 55. 77 67.17 .69 .35 49. 28 40. 83 2.60 1. 57 39.62 27. 49 4. 78 1.90 60. 25 19. 73 1. 39 .93 33.09 Chapter II.— STATISTICAL ITEMS ESSENTIAL FOR ACCIDENT PREVENTION WORK Before entering upon a more detailed discussion of the data con tained in subsequent pages, it may be well to review the five statistical items which must be known regarding groups of accidents if their study is to be of the greatest service in the work of accident preven tion as is clearly reflected in the record of the iron and steel and other industries. These items are as follows: (1) Number of acci dents; (2) exposure to hazard; (3) accident rates; (4) classification of industry; (5) causes of accidents. NUMBER OF ACCIDENTS The need of a record of the total number of accidents is obvious, but to obtain this record is not so simple as might appear. The difficulty is that the States put various interpretations upon what constitutes an accident. A tabulatable accident, that is, one “ resulting in death, permanent disability, or in the loss of time other than the remainder of the day, shift, or turn on which the injury was incurred, ” as defined by the International Association of Industrial Accident Boards and Commissions,1 is the designation adopted by most States and their reports are on this basis. However, some of the State reports also include all injuries which do not incapacitate for more than one day or exclude all which do not disable for more than two days or three days or one week or even two weeks, these being sufficient in number to render incomplete the total number of reported accidents occurring in all States or in all industries. This lack of uniformity also invalidates to a large degree a com parison of the reported accidents of one State with those of another even if the industry groups in each State are identical, and therefore impairs the value of the record as a comparative index of changes taking place. The form of definition of an accident is not so im portant, perhaps, but that in order to compile from State records satisfactory national statistics of accidents, it should be a definition uniformly recognized must be evident. EXPOSURE TO HAZARD Exposure to hazard is the basis for the computation of accident rates under the method noted in the next section. By this is meant the number of actual man-hours worked in an establishment during the period covered by the accident reports, usually a year. The method of expressing this element of exposure to hazard was first advanced by the Germans. Their solution was to note the number of days each workman was employed and then to divide the sum of these days by 300 on the supposition that the usual working year i See U . S. Bureau of Labor Statistics Bull. 276, p. 17, ITE M S E S S E N T IA L F O R A C C ID E N T PR E V E N T IO N W O R K 7 was one of 300 days of 10 hours each. This gave the number of 300-day or full-year workers. The Bureau of Labor Statistics adopted this basis for calculating accident rates when it began its accident studies. There were, however, troublesome difficulties in the use of this base and the International Association of Industrial Accident Boards and Commissions finally determined, at the instance of its committee on statistics and accident insurance cost, to abandon the idea of the number of workers and use instead the hours of employ ment 2 so that all rates are now computed on the basis of actual reported man-hours, although a reduction to full-year workers is made to avoid the use of large figures in tabulations and also to give some idea of the extent of employment represented. This reduction is obtained by dividing the number of man-hours by 3,000. To illustrate the convenience and importance of knowing the exposure, reference is made to Table 6. That there were 390 accidents in the manufacture of cotton goods in Georgia in 1927 and 127 in the same industry in Virginia would on its face indicate a greater volume of production in Georgia or that the production was attended with greater hazard, or the larger number of accidents in Georgia may be only the natural result of a larger number employed, which is shown by the number of full-year workers in each State. Yet, when the total number of man-hours or full-year workers in each State, representing the exposure to hazard in that industry, is considered in relation to the number of accidents and frequency rates determined, it will be noted that workers in the Virginia industry apparently have the greater likelihood of being injured, for there a frequency rate of 6.85 is indicated, while in Georgia the rate is 6.13. This, however, does not take into account severity, to be considered later. Thus it will be seen that it is necessary to know how many employees there are in each industry group and something regarding the length of time during which these workers are subject to the dangers of their calling. Without this base to which to relate the number of accidents in both the industrial and the cause classification, the place most needing the application of accident prevention measures is not disclosed. The importance of exposure as an element in the study of industrial accidents has become recognized more and more with the passage of time. The Bureau of Labor Statistics was the first to utilize it on an extended scale. For some years now the Bureau of Mines and the Interstate Commerce Commission have presented their facts on this basis, and many sections of the National Safety Council, as well as a few independent industrial groups, develop their accident data in this way. Unfortunately, records of exposure are lacking in most of the States, so that accident rates do not appear in their reports. This condition offers another obstacle to the compilation of national accident statistics of value. It is to be hoped that compensation officials will require the reporting of man-hours where the law does not specifically prohibit it, or seek legislative enactment permitting it if necessary, so that their published accident figures may be of real value to their local industries in the promotion of safety. 2 See U . S. Bureau of Labor Statistics Bui. 276, pp. 17 and 68. STA TIST IC S O F IN D U S T R IA L A C C ID EN TS 8 ACCIDENT RATES The mere collection of numbers of accidents leads nowhere. To be of value the number must be reduced to some common basis that will permit of comparison. This basis is the accident rate of which two forms are recognized— a frequency rate and a severity rate. The former facilitates a comparison of the occurrence of accidents in various industries, or departments, or States or cause groups, as the case may be, while the latter, expressed in terms of days lost, indicates the comparative seriousness of the various types of accident, or of the same kind of accident under different conditions. Frequency rate.— In determining the frequency rate two factors are necessary— the exposure to hazard and the number of accidents. This rate is derived h j dividing the number of accidents by the number of man-hours expressed in millions. Severity rate.— It is of course recognized that some industries natu rally have a higher proportion of severe injuries, while others pre dominate in the number of minor injuries. Also, the industry having the more severe accidents., indicated by days lost, may actually have numerically fewer accidents. The frequency rate, being computed from the actual number of accidents, would therefore give misleading information as to the real hazard of the industry, and a comparison of industries, or of departments or occupations within an industry, on this showing alone should not be made if a true basis for safety work is desired. To meet this situation the severity rate was devised as a more accurate indication of the real hazard. It is evident that in frequency rates a death influences the accident rate to the same extent as does a temporary disability of one day, thus preventing the development of a true and complete picture of the accident situation. The first effort to meet this 'difficulty w the separation of the accidents into ^as three groups according to their result, namely, death, permanent disability, and temporary disability. While this made possible a separate comparison of each result in different industries, it did not afford comparability of the permanent and the temporary disabilities with each other and with the fatalities. It was necessary to translate the different casualties into common terms. This was accomplished by means of a schedule of fixed time allowances,3 beginning with 6,000 days for death and the loss of any two members, 4,000 days for the loss of an arm or a leg, 3,000 days for the loss of a hand, 1,800 days for the loss of an eye, and so on through the list of permanent disabilities. The application of these constants gives for each sort of casualty a value in terms of days somewhat proportional to its economic importance. The duration of temporary disabilities is of course definite in each case. The severity rate is determined by dividing’ the number of days lost by the number of man-hours ’ exposure and expressing the result in terms of 1,000 hours * exposure. The change from 1,000,000 hours used in frequency rates to 1,000 hours is to obviate the use of small decimals. Thus we find, to revert to the example already cited on page 7, that the severity rate for accidents in the manufacture of cotton goods in Virginia in 1927 is 0.77 day per 1,000 man-hours’ 3 See U . S, Bureau of Labor Statistics Bui. 276, p. 77, ITEM S E S S E N T IA L F O R A C C ID E N T P R E V E N T IO N W O R K 9 exposure, which figure may be brought into comparison with the severity rate in Georgia, namely, 1.07, thus indicating the greater hazard in this particular industry in the latter State. It has been observed that high frequency rates are rather apt to accompany low severity rates, and this fact is made evident by the form oI statistical presentation just described. In other words, when the number of accidents is increased, giving a high frequency rate, the severity rate is not correspondingly increased because of the large relative proportion of temporary disability cases in which the timeloss factor is comparatively small. The result of bringing together the exposure to hazard, the number of accidents, and the da}^s lost is well illustrated by the following record of the automobile industry for the year 1927 covering only the group of States reporting disabilities extending beyond one week (see Table 4): Number of cases: D eath_______________________________________ __________ 61 Permanent disability___________________________________ 649 Temporary disability__________________________________ 4, 491 T ota l________________________________________________ 5, 201 Accident frequency rates (per 1,000,000 hours’ exposure): D eath_______________________________________ __________ __0.11 Permanent disability___________________________________ __1. 21 Tem porary disability_____________________________________8. 36 T o ta l________________________________________________ Accident severity rates (per 1,000 hours’ exposure): D eath__________________________________________________ Permanent disability___________________________________ Tem porary disability___________________________________ T o ta l__________________________ ______________________ 9. 68 0. 68 . 90 . 22 1.80 It will be noted that in frequency rates the figures are progressively larger for death, for permanent disability, and for temporary dis ability. It is hardly possible to avoid the impression that the nu merically larger figure for temporary disability is important in pro portion to its size. As a corrective to this impression we need the severity rates, in which all injuries, including death, are weighted according to their severity. The frequency rate fails to tell the whole story because in it units are combined that are not comparable. The severity rate corrects this condition through the use of a procedure which reduces these units to approximately common terms. What is needed is an expression that will combine the two rates into one accident rate, giving proper weight to the relative importance of each. Whether this can be developed is problematical. Meanwhile the almost universal practice is to consider the severity rate as the true measure of the hazard involved and comparisons are usually made on this basis. CLASSIFICATION OF INDUSTRY A heterogeneous mass of figures of accidents within a State having varied industries, no matter how extensive the classifications, is worse than confusing; it is useless. The fact that there were 158,690 10 ST A TIST IC S O F IN D U ST M A Li A C C ID E N T S nonfatal industrial accidents in Pennsylvania in 1927, as shown in Table 3, gives us no information for purposes of accident prevention, even though an accident rate may be obtained. Some of these accidents may have occurred in connection with structural iron work, for example, which is apparently the most hazardous industry in that State as revealed by Table 5, while other accidents may have occurred in the manufacture of bricks where the hazard is relatively small. When, however, the accident in the various industries are separated and rates computed, as has been done in this table, some hint is offered regarding the point where accident prevention effort is needed. Ob viously a further analysis is required for definite action. CAUSES OF ACCIDENTS In order to apply effectively a program of accident prevention the safety man must know what needs to be done as well as where remedial effort is demanded. Not only does he require information as to the occupations of the men injured, in what departments they were working, and how long they were incapacitated for work, but he must have data relative to the causes of accidents so as to know just what to do to prevent recurrence. This presents another phase of the safety program, namely, the mechanical aspect, which is no less important than the human side. Both must be considered together and to this end an analysis of accident causes is essential. A word of caution as to the accuracy of reporting causes is not out of place in. this connection. Frequently the cause of an accident is set down as due to a physical or mechanical defect, whereas a careful check may reveal the real cause as disobedience of safety regulations. For example, a case where an employee was reported as injured by a revolving wheel was found, upon close examination, to be due to the fact that he had removed the guard contrary to instructions. Such an inaccurate report would cause a misapplication of safety methods, and for this reason statistical agencies should insist that reports be filled in accurately and precisely. CONCLUSION In addition to the items listed as prerequisites to adequate accident prevention in industry, a certain value attaches to information re garding nature of injury and location of injury, although these items are of much less practical importance than are accident causes. The view of the several States as regards the importance of the above items may be inferred from the records for 1920, the year for which the most nearly complete information is available: Number of States recording number of accidents, 42; number classifying by industry, 22; number classifying by cause of injury, 18; number classifying by location of injury, 11; number determining exposure, 2; number determining accident severity rates, 3. No State covers all items, and in most States no attempt is made to report the important item of exposure to hazard, thus making a complete study of accidents from all standpoints utterly impossible. Chapter IIL— ACCIDENTS IN MANUFACTURING INDUSTRIES GENERAL SCOPE OF SURVEYS M AD E When the bureau began the collection of accident data covering manufacturing industries, beginning with the year 1925, it was possible to get records of 1,282 establishments in 24 industry groups, employing 555,996 full-year workers in 11 States. In 1926 and again in 1927 the work was extended, including in the latter year 1,075,282 full-year workers in 2,676 establishments and covering 29 industry groups in 26 States. (See Tables 2 and 4.) The records of accidents have been secured directly from State authorities to whom, under the various workmen’s compensation laws, establish ments are required to report. For the most part the number of manhours has been obtained directly from individual establishments, request being made therefor by correspondence. The cooperation of State officials and representatives of industry thus enlisted has been cordially given and makes possible this report. Here again it should be stated that the iron and steel industry was not included in the general survey, since it has been made the subject of special investigation from year to year, the results of which have been published and which are brought down to date in Chapter IV. Table 2 exhibits the progress made by the bureau in the extent of the three nation-wide surveys of the manufacturing industries thus far completed : T a b le 2 .— Comparative statement of extent of industrial accident surveys, 1925, 1926, and 1927 1926 i Item 1925 1927 Number Establishments______________________________________ Full-year workers.__ _ . _________ ______ ________ States___________________________________ __ Industry groups______ __________ _ _ ___ __________ Fatal accidents_________________________ ___________ Permanent disabilities, ___________________________ Temporary disabilities________ _____________________ Total accidents.. ____________ . . _ 1,282 555,996 11 24 171 2,047 21,496 23, 714 Per cent increase over 1925 2,209 991,082 25 30 370 4,090 44,041 48, 501 72.31 78.25 127. 27 25.00 116.37 99.80 104. 87 104. 52 Per cent increase over 1926 Number 2,676 1,075,282 2 26 3 29 459 3,949 57,072 61,480 21.14 8.50 4.00 4 3.33 24.05 4 3.45 29. 59 26. 76 1 Figures include the carriages and wagons industry group, which has been discontinued. 2 Kansas, Oklahoma, and Texas added; no reports received from Montana and South Dakota as in 1926. 2 Carriages and wagons group not included, being discontinued. 4 Decrease. While practically all of the industrial States and every industry group in the bureau’s classification, which follows substantially the census classification, are now included in this statistical presentation, it is the purpose of the bureau to extend its records, as facilities may 1 1 12 STATISTICS OF IN D U S T R IA L ACCID EN TS offer, from year to year to include more establishments in each industry and a greater number of full-year workers, so that the resultant accident rates may be based upon the largest possible exposure and thus add materially to their significance. ACCIDENT DATA REPORTED BY THE STATES, 1917 TO 1927 In gathering from each State the record of its fatal and nonfatal industrial accidents during any calendar year, as presented in Table 3, it has been practically impossible to secure figures that may be con sidered complete or accurate. In its request for this information the bureau asked three questions as follows, the data to cover a calendar year: 1. Number of fatal industrial accidents? 2. Number of nonfatal industrial accidents (including permanent disabilities and tem porary disabilities lasting beyond the day of injury)? 3. Number of industrial accidents that were compensable? The purpose of question 2 was to include accidents which are tabulatable under the^standard definition,1 thus excluding a large number of accidents requiring medical attention only but which are reported in some States. Question 3 was asked primarily to get some statement of nonfatal accidents in the event that question 2 could not be answered, the thought being that it involves very little extra work to determine the number of cases which by their nature must be considered more or less in detail under compensation laws. However, the replies received were in some instances quite unsatisfactory. One factor operating to render the figures somewhat inaccurate is that in many of the States those charged with the collection and pre sentation of accident statistics (usually the same organization which administers the workmen’s compensation law) are handicapped by lack of sufficient funds to employ the help necessary to compile detailed statistical reports, or any reports at all, even omitting to tabulate cases involving compensation, although data required for fairly complete reports may be at hand. In some instances, therefore, the figures given are estimates by the States. But perhaps the greatest obstacle to a satisfactory showing of the true accident situation in the various States is the absence of uni formity in the extent of reporting required from industrial establish ments. This in turn is influenced largely by the provisions or absence of certain provisions in each State workmen’s compensation law. A State, generally speaking, requires only such information as will enable it to administer its law, and very little attempt is made, except in a few instances, to gather or tabulate complete statistical data. Thus we find that some States do not require the reporting of accidents which cause a disability of less than the waiting period prescribed by law, others require the reporting of all accidents wherein the disability extends beyond the day of injury, and still others require that every accident, no matter how trivial, shall be reported. Reference to this lack of uniform reporting has been repeatedly made, but so serious is this handicap in the vigorous application of accident prevention measures that its repetition seems justified. 1 See U . S. Bureau of Labor Statistic Bui. 276, p. 17; also, p. 6 herein. AC CID EN TS IN M A N U F A C TU R IN G IN D U ST R IE S 13 All of these factors, and others of minor importance, modify the reports presented in Table 3. In noting, for example, that there were 10,193 fatal and 1,979,830 nonfatal industrial accidents reported for 1927 as compared with 10,338 fatal and 1,825,401 nonfatal acci dents reported for 1926, the explanations offered must be borne in mind lest a wrong impression of the relative significance of the totals be gained. In so far as practicable the variations in reporting have been indi cated by footnotes. It should be stated, in fairness to the States, that wherever “ no report” is indicated, it does not mean that the report is missing because of lack of desire to cooperate, but because of some factor already mentioned, or some other reason of local importance which renders a report impossible. To note each of these reasons would multiply the footnotes unduly. It will thus be seen that a comparison of the records of the various States with each other would not be justified, and Table 3 is not presented for that purpose, but merely as an attempt to show, in a general way, the extent of industrial accidents throughout the country. It is probably the most nearly complete report of industrial accidents in this country ever assembled and it is published for its value as such. 36904°— 29-------2 14 ST ATISTICS OF IN D U ST R IA L ACCID EN TS T a b le 3 .— Num ber o f fatal and nonfaial accidents 1918 1917 1920 1919 1921 State Fatal Nonfatal (2 ) 59, 055 12,480 Conn____ D e l ........... G a ........ .. Idaho i.__ Ill.i_______ (2 ) (2 ) (2 ) 3 21 492 * 46,935 (2 ) (2 ) 3 854 36, 268 Ind_______ Iowa_____ Kans __ __ K y ----------La________ 305 159 83 (2 ) (2 ) M e ............. M d _______ M a s s .. __ Mich Minn 131 3 998 1 110 593 14 706 202 136 3 1, 261 150 57, 014 14, 730 (2 ) ^64 629 * 43,188 6,107 (2 ) 6 3,785 37,618 42,148 24, 520 6, 371 1212, 665 1 819 3 373 187 93 96 1 1 3 37,147 15,420 6, 342 13, 557 1 980 3 63 « 131 481 386 183 13,738 37, 303 78, 308 112, 477 30,926 83 “ 163 438 320 251 16, 557 42, 407 77,067 256, 309 29,716 M o _______ Mont _ _ N ebr_____ N e v ______ N. H (2 ) 307 15 52 9 (2 ) 8,018 13, 278 1,958 459 (2 > 124 13 39 10 (2 ) 5,697 7, 053 1,960 759 N. J N . Mex___ N. Y N . D a k ... O h io ____ 361 (2 ) 1, 570 (2 ) 855 12, 392 (2 ) 311,836 (2 ) 158, 786 16185 3 28 1,504 (2 > 956 Okla Oreg_____ Pa________ R. I S. D a k ___ 141 190 3,072 i 27 37 15, 027 1 12, 044 224,808 1 3, 053 3 583 Tenn ____ Tex___ _. Utah V t ________ V a _______ 26 (2 ) (2 ) 1,465 (2 ) (2) Wash W . V a ___ W is ......... .. W yo United States 2 _ C (2 ) 41 Fatal (2 ) 3 62 (2 ) 586 201 (2 ) (2 ) 34 51 535 Nonfatal (2 ) 31,127 (2 ) 57,991 11,157 ^ 42, 513 4, 853 (2 ) 3,836 37, 753 Fatal 1 135 3 53 16 592 179 (2 ) 36 (2 ) 83 597 Nonfatal Fa tal 1 7,144 1 144 3 958 3 22 1,405 (2 ) 69,813 453 14,100 151 0 1 108 3 82 (2 ) 626 300 Nonfatal G O C O A la_........... Ariz........... A rk______ Calif_____ Colo_____ Fatal 96 18 82 63 498 22,800 3,882 8 11, 696 4, 564 43,024 42, 703 14, 283 6,891 15, 662 (2 ) 263 113 71 120 (2 ) 34,133 14, 839 6, 240 16, 789 (2 ) 12, 778 36, 896 53, 017 100,176 34, 447 291 154 118 493 52 » 183 356 256 215 18, 666 46, 692 66,884 231, 421 27,068 60 « 153 376 313 201 18,463 49 4 53, 525 1 116 65,112 296 227,045 266 32,659 134 (2 ) 122 28 35 C) 2 (2 ) (2 ) 5, 353 11, 245 1,177 (2 ) (2 ) 4, 820 13, 626 1,143 3, 385 if 37, 003 i 3 543 285, 367 (2 ) 161, 253 524 3 21 1,815 (2 ) 870 30, 728 (2 ) 286, 629 (2 ) 151, 401 195 1 103 3,403 1 49 20 19, 723 1 12, C38 181, 441 1 3, 133 1,750 (2 ) 1 147 2, 569 1 28 23 (2 ) 1 14, 333 149,975 1 2, 666 2, 228 1, 613 52, 502 U, 782 7,160 1 846 7 (2 ) 30 13 1 1 4,155 3 509 (2 ) 61, 814 13, 753 2,611 (2 ) 5, 367 49,988 34,964 10,926 6, 322 13, 810 1 876 3 268 181 101 118 N on fatal (2 ) 83 30 20 8 10 (2 ) 3, 421 11, 326 1, 247 9 1, 523 285 3 32 1, 236 4 764 28, 556 282 1 16 7 (2 ) 344,436 1,777 720 9 182, 206 649 27, 754 (-) 293, 292 1, 296 111, 626 130 1 144 2, 528 1 28 21 22, 584 85 1 13, 275 1 138 172, 451 1,924 1 2, 951 1 24 2,230 23 22, 779 1 20, 318 138, 273 1 2,952 2, 701 94 50 33 40 73 28 144 1,190 (2 ) 8,816, 6, 258 10,776 109 400 99 32 172 17,455 65, 600 10, 084 8,048 12,151 96 308 91 29 133 17,093 94, 256 9,932 7,724 5,327 32 1 63 7 (2 ) 1 512 7 49 223 90 49 1741 320 488 219 19 37 22,156 22,903 20, 341 1726 414 547 163 24 26,892 23,832 19,198 571 368 (2 ) 244 36 21,905 (2 ) 18, 204 605 369 (1 ) 8 171 43 25,924 (1 ) 8 18, 270 776 287 429 181 51 19, 729 20, 398 18, 806 2,042 227 2 15,849 1 438 23, 680 499 25,171 427 19, 653 362 18, 042 (2 ) 4 5 5 5 ^ 3 4 T o t a l... 2211, 338 2 1, 363, 080 2 12, 531 2 1, 545, 787 2 10, 806 2 1, 365, 520 2 11,062 2 1,636, 837 9,992 1, 327, 369 1 Compensable cases. 2 No report. 3 Mines only. 4 Includes fatal accidents, which are not reported separately. 8 Estimated by State. 6 One-half of number reported for a 2-year period, 1925-26. 7 Reports received from 4 of the 5 compensation districts and are in part merely estimates. Some of the nonfatal reports include fatals, and some include disabilities of 1 day or less. 8 March to December. 9 Covers 10 months only. 1 Includes all nonfatal accidents reported. 0 1 Includes all nonfatal accidents except cases denied compensation. 1 1 Includes fatal accidents, which are not reported separately. Covers claims filed for 11 months only. 2 1 Figures are for New Orleans Parish. 3 15 A C C ID E N T S IN M A N U F A C TU R IN G IN D U ST R IE S as reported by the States, 1917 to 1927, by year 1922 Fatal Nonfatal i 231 a 30 (2 ) 708 155 i 5, 538 s 374 (2 ) 84,028 12, 704 (2 ) 19 92 44 534 6 20, 407 4,997 17,429 2,232 46, 238 198 77 (2 ) 62 (2 ) 1923 Fatal (2 ) 3 54 (2 ) 71f 168 1924 Nonfatal (2 ) 3 717 (2 ) 92>, 744 15,194 Fatal 1925 Nonfatal Fatal (2 ) 3 40 (2 ) 645 140 (2 ) 3 887 (2 ) 101,633 17, 373 i 235 3 40i (2 ) 307 50 (2 ) « 35, 350 4, 827 26,770 3, 523 53,000 (2 ) 22 109 83 646 15 125 59 (2 ) 1926 Nonfatal 1 6,453 3 724 (2 ) 104, 361 18,093 Fatal 1927 Nonfatal Fatal N on fatal 132: 48 710' 173 (2 ) 13,172 237 93,096 19, 624 1 180 106 (2 ) 714 180 1 6,892 11,109 (2 ) 91,671 1 5, 571 (2 ) 4, 637 28, 655 7,019 (2 ) 6130 16 125 56 (2 ) 6 32, 778 2, 530 27,445 1° 14,457 (2 ) 7 61 (2 ) 120 54 720 7 28, 279 (2 ) 26,863 1 7, 867 1 5 50, 000 (2 ) 12 109 57 675 * 37, 000 6,611 22,319 3, 237 61,135 38, 405 11,410 (2 ) 18, 549 (2 ) 268 112 72 108 (2 ) 54, 582 13,834 9 ,9:)9 23,892 (2 ) 274 119 84 97 (2 ) 48, 730 13, 610 10,890 28,036 (2 ) 328 69 87 193 (2 ) 45, 648 13, 266 11,027 26,490 (2 ) 265 118 81 208 (2 ) 42,873 «12, 021 10, 417 25, 496 (2 ) 237 149 75 (2 ) (2 ) 38,967 11, 803 10, 015 (2 ) (2 ) 62 123 308 360 113 14, 731 33, 493 50, 799 i 30, 831 31, 571 64 1 126 * 330 326 204 16, 311 40,913 64, 560 i 29,953 40, 245 38 14139 336 1276 123 H 168 38,833 61, 640 i 27, 451 36,123 59 » 160 309 280 150 13,844 39,069 58,771 28, 015 45,181 44 14162 443 315 114 15,075 59 4 15, 337 1 189 317 59,175 1 32,105 378 46,339 109 15,195 45, 738 64,167 209, 998 44, 339 (2 ) 51 32 24 22 (2 ) 3,317 13,900 1, 377 1,835 (2 ) (2 ) 5, 739 16,964 1,494 2,249 61 178 42 27 14 246 1 11 7 1,421 7 676 (2 ) (2 ) 81 30 31 13 (2 ) 5,048 16,162 1,113! 1,434 33, 483 1 369 7 292, 423 1,192 108, 824 290 (2 ) 1, 665 11 803 (*) i 124 1, 890 1 26 25 25, 633 1 21, 721 144, 365 1 3, 482 3,282 67 214 69 24 144 (2 ) 40,892 1 6, 726 1018, 671 3,047 2, 033 (2 ) 88 32 (2 ) is n (2 ) 7, 024 7,181 (2 ) is 3,001 525 21 1,828 10 931 44,976 234 1 23, 519 237 400 1 13 7 (2 ) (2 ) 414, 702 482, 786 1,042 1, 787 2,100 23 2,958 25 199, 271 1 1,023 !4 205,141 958 4 1 25, 631 (2 ) 517, 255 3, 210 215, 532 46, 517 i 25,811 175, 330 1 3, 758 4,518 (2 ) i 150 2,011 38 22 52,000 i 27, 596 174, 370 28, 357 4, 394 (2 ) 144 2,127 38 20 50,962 (2 ) 31, 652 163 178, 284 2, 053 38 31,160 22 4, 888 43, 944 20,063 158, 660 29,309 1 5, 402 5 142 299 281 43 180 21, 222 92, 613 13,919 10, 507 7,899 161 357 112 32 198 25, 408 91,065 14, 203 9,497 7, 605 169 343 183 37 1 152 23, 643 97,9781 1 14,160 9,581 8, 430 31, 081 28, 269 22, 099 1,719 385 751 134 88 39, 270 30,608 25,062 1,669 384 586 246 (2 ) 42, 003 31,045 20,891 (2 ) 374 759 187 140 42,126 36, 477 26, 056 1 2,845 387 (2 ) 210 45 42,6C4 (2 ) 5 36, 683 1,188 17,713 278 20, 260 314 20, 374 318 19,209 357 20,190 87 35 31 19 (2 ) 5, 702 15,000 1, 346 2,442 49, 002 (2 ) 345,180 1, 654 176, 427 283 (2 ) 1,927 13 933 47,958 (2 ) 369, 781 1,809 180,677 (2 ) 1 178 2,412 i 31 18 34,908 i 30, 013 198, 023 1 4, 098 3, 455 (2 ) i 142 2, 209 i 31 17 18, 557 95,109 8, 388 • 564 6, 6,498 90 253 84 35 145 25, 008 86, 482 13,137 9, 356 6, 518 227 443 191 33 18, 453 21,855 20, 750 1,198 398 501 168 82 353 17,905 279 79 36 36 16 9,434 1, 214, 220 10,999 1,641,145 11,479 1,666, 522 10, 559 1,687,957 137 16,9C8 514 1 125,051 0 94 14,895 36 11,018 101 1 6, 279 11,238 1,825, 401 10,193 1,979,830 1 Number of claims filed. 4 1 Fiscal year ending June 30, 1928. 5 1 Covers 8 months only. 6 1 Coal mines only. 7 1 Records destroyed by fire. 8 1 Covers 15 months. 9 2 United States Employee’s Compensation Commission. 0 2 Includes cases reported from Sept. 7, 1916, to Dec. 31, 1916. 1 2 Fatal cases in Connecticut and Kentucky are included under nonfatal cases, not being reported separ* 2 ately. 2 Includes fatal accidents in Connecticut and Kentucky, the number of which is not reported. 3 2 Fatal cases in Connecticut are included under nonfatal cases, not being reported separately. 4 2 Includes fatal cases in Connecticut, the number of which is not reported. 5 16 STATISTICS O F IN D U S T R IA L ACCID EN TS ACCIDENT DATA G ATH ERED BY THE BUREAU COVERING FACTURING INDUSTRIES M AN U Tables 4, 5, and 6 present summaries of the accident data gathered by the bureau covering miscellaneous manufacturing industries (except iron and steel which is considered separately in Chapter IV), but there are certain modifying factors as regards these tables which should be noted, in order to caution the reader against possible error in drawing conclusions therefrom. First, in some States those accidents in which the disability terminated in the first week (the waiting period under most of the compensation laws) are not reported and therefore were unavailable for these tabulations. This neces sarily vitiates somewhat the comparability of the accident rates. In the second place, reports of accidents causing temporary disabili ties were not available in California and Pennsylvania for 1925 and 1926 and in California for 1927, while fatal cases are not being reported in Oklahoma. These factors, especially the omission of fatalities, make a com parison of industries in the various States somewhat misleading. In Alabama no accident reports are filed where the disability terminated within two weeks. This fact, of course, removes a comparatively large number of temporary accidents from consideration in calcu lating rates for this State. The accidents in any industry in Alabama, therefore, could hardly be brought into a fair comparison with those in the same industry in a State like Massachusetts where all accidents are reported. This is reflected in the rates for cotton goods, for ex ample. For Alabama in 1927 the frequency rate is 3.67 and the sever ity rate is 0.18, while for Massachusetts the corresponding rates are 14.74 and 0.55, respectivly. Were all tabulatable accidents reported in Alabama as they are in Massachusetts, with no change in exposure, the rates in the former State would more nearly approach those in Massachusetts and might even exceed them. Of course differences in the extent of accident prevention work would also modify the result. In an attempt to minimize the effect occasioned by this difference in reporting accidents, and also to prevent, so far as possible, mis leading conclusions, the industries and States in Tables 4, 5, and 6 have been grouped on the basis of completeness of the reports received by the various States. Thus in Table 4, for example, all States report ing accidents in which the disability extended beyond the day of injury appear in the first group headed “ Accidents for States report ing all disabilities extending beyond day of injury/7and the industries there listed include data for such States only.2 This group, in 1925, included 17.2 per cent of the total full-year workers. In 1926 the percentage was 28.6 and in 1927 more than half (56.6 per cent) of 2 States for which all accidents resulting in death, permanent disability, or temporary disability extend ing beyond the day of injury are reported, include the following: Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Kentucky, Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts, Minnesota, Montana, Nebraska, New Hampshire, New York (in 1927), North Dakota, Ohio, Pennsylvania (in 1927), South Dakota, Tennessee, Texas, and W est Virginia. Those States in which the accidents reported include death, permanent disability, and those temporary disabilities which extended beyond the first week, are as follows: Georgia, Illinois, Michigan, New Jersey, N ew York (in 1925 and 1926), Virginia (in 1927), and Wisconsin. The record for 1926 in Virginia includes accidents resulting in death, permanent disability, and only those temporary disabilities which extended beyond 10 days. Accidents which resulted in temporary disability which lasted less than 2 weeks are not reported in Alabama. In Oklahoma only those accidents in which the disabilities extended beyond five days are included. California reported no temporary disabilities, and Pennsylvania reported none for 1925 and 1926. AC CID EN TS IN M A N U F A C T U R IN G IN D U ST R IE S 17 the workers covered by the reports were in States making complete reports of accidents. It is hoped to increase this percentage from year to year. ACCIDENTS AND ACCIDENT RATES, 1925 TO 1927, BY INDUSTRIES AND STATES Table 4 presents in summary form data which are given in more detail in Tables 5, 6, and 7. It shows for each industry (except iron and steel) and State covered, by years, the total accident record as sembled by the bureau in its efforts to include the largest possible representation of workers in manufacturing industries throughout the country. T a b l e 4 . — N um ber o f accidents and accident frequen cy and severity rates f o r specified industries and States in 1925, 1926, and 1927 Statistics for specified industries [Where no figures are shown no accidents occurred. California reported no tem porary disabilities, and Pennsylvania reported none for 1925 and 1926] Death Permanent disability Total Temporary disability Num Sever Sever Fre Fre ber of Full-year ity rate quency ity rate N u m quency estab Num workers N um rate (per (per (per rate (per lish ber of ber of ber of 1,000,000 1,000 1,000 1,000,000 ments cases cases cases hours’ hours’ hours’ hours’ exposure) exposure) exposure) exposure) Sever Fre ity rate quency N um (per rate (per ber of 1,000,000 1,000 cases hours’ hours’ exposure) exposure) Sever Fre quency ity rate (per rate (per 1,000 1,000,000 hours’ hours’ exposure) exposure) 1. 65 1. 53 2.54 1.28 1. 46 3. O S 1.10 554 598 39.64 36.03 27. 37 0.64 .58 . 46 762 593 632 41. 55 38. 57 28. 92 4. 39 3. 66 3. 21 .12 .05 .71 .29 14 180 142 1.05 2.12 .97 .97 5.19 1.27 313 2, 145 1, 852 23.49 25.21 12.63 .31 .35 .23 327 2,335 2,001 24.54 27.45 13.65 1.28 6. 25 1. 79 3 3 7 .07 .06 .08 .40 .33 .46 52 32 61 1.16 .59 .66 1.06 .46 .51 2, 962 2, 913 3, 771 66. 32 54. 07 40. 95 .74 . 72 ! 73 3,017 2,948 3, 839 67. 55 54. 72 41. 69 2.20 1.51 1. 70 8,50 14,779 39, 763 1 1 .02 .01 . 14 .05 5 69 .11 . 58 . 05 .47 54 316 892 21.14 7.13 7. 48 .44 .09 .14 54 322 962 21.14 7.26 8.07 .41 .28 .66 41 46 110 4, 778 4, 703 13,497 3 3 9 .21 .21 .22 1. 26 1. 28 1.33 5 11 31 .35 .78 . 77 .49 1. 67 . 75 724 809 1,436 50. 51 57.34 35. 46 .63 .92 .55 732 823 1, 476 51.07 58. 33 36.45 2.38 3.87 2.63 3 23 14 1,482 15, 321 679 1 .02 .13 12 14 .26 6. 87 .25 6. 75 19 214 79 4.31 4.66 38.78 .08 .11 .81 19 227 93 4.31 4.94 45.65 .08 .49 7.56 5 11 35 1,330 3,117 8, 510 1 2 17 .25 . 21 6t > .03 .06 .68 44 124 308 11.03 13. 26 , 12.02 1 .25 .25 .22 45 126 330 11. 28 15.47 12. 88 .33 .31 2.07 6,113 5,126 7, 282 7 0. 38 2.29 6 .27 9 24 53 4,441 28, 360 48, 886 10 7 12 13 30 14, 888 17,951 30,696 7 40 68 j 1 __________!_________ ; I .20 ; i . 17 5 , . ACCIDENTS ! 28 39 28 31 29 39 INDUSTRIAL States Agricultural implements: 4 1925_____________________________________ 7 1926 9 _________________________________ 1927. Automobiles: 2 1925_ ____ ___ ________________ 3 1926 _________________________________ 5 1927______________________________ Automobile tires: 1 1925 _____________ _______ _____________ 3 1926_ __________________________________ 5 1927 __________________________________ Boots and shoes: 1 1925 4 1926 ___________________________ 6 1927 ____________________ ______ Brick: 5 1925 _____________ _____ ________ 8 1926 ____________________________ 11 1927 1 _____________ ______ _________ Carpets: 1 1926 3 1927 _______________________________ 8 Carriages and wagons: ^ 1926 Chemicals: 1 1925 . 3 1926 7 1927 ------- -------- ----------- ----------------------- O F Accidents for States reporting all disabilities extending beyond day of injury STATISTICS Industry or State, and year Num ber of States or indus tries 48 .04 .21 23 57 .17 .33 .14 .33 1,171 2,258 8. 83 13.23 .18 .27 1,194 2,321 9.00 13.60 .32 .81 7,499 18,137 60, 927 2 11 .04 .06 .22 .36 10 56 210 .44 1.03 1.15 .42 .64 1.02 520 1,095 2,611 23.11 21.13 14. 28 .20 .37 .36 530 1,153 2,832 23. 55 22.20 15.49 .62 1.23 1.74 1, 309 2,498 1 3 .26 .40 1.54 2.40 2 7 .51 .93 .28 1. 79 174 261 44.54 34.83 .88 .66 177 271 45.31 36.16 2.70 4.85 27 54 119 3,615 3, 889 7,107 4 4 5 .37 .34 .23 2.21 2.06 1.41 7 15 25 .65 1.29 1.17 .57 1.94 .90 203 310 477 18. 72 26. 57 22. 37 .27 .50 .41 214 329 507 19.74 28.20 23. 77 3.05 4.50 2.72 73 104 258 14,902 27,069 72,963 5 17 38 .11 .21 . 17 .67 1.26 1.04 45 85 338 1.01 1.05 1.54 .92 1.05 1. 33 2,282 3,193 6,356 51.04 39. 32 29.05 .51 .58 .51 2,332 3,295 6,732 52.16 40.58 30.76 2.10 2.89 2.88 85 9,467 11, 726 21, 918 5 .08 0.46 27 60 124 2.01 1. 71 1.88 1.26 1.44 1.43 639 795 1,296 47.68 22.60 19.70 .58 .53 .30 666 855 1,425 49.69 24.31 21.66 1.84 1.97 2.19 2,603 6, 717 19, 267 1 14 .05 .24 .30 1.45 4 17 24 .51 .84 .42 .54 1.04 .35 479 797 2,233 61.34 39. 55 38.63 .57 .49 .51 483 815 2,271 61.85 40.44 39.29 1.11 1.83 2.31 3, 764 1 .09 .53 5 15 1.88 1.33 .73 1.02 75 330 28.22 29.22 .58 .44 80 346 30.10 30.64 1.31 1.99 5, 530 11,521 2 3 .12 .09 .72 .52 7 19 .42 .55 .62 .41 187 948 11. 27 27.43 .26 .43 196 970 11.81 28.07 1.60 1.36 3,562 5, 242 9,416 1 3 9 .09 .19 .32 .56 1.14 1.91 11 47 72 1.02 2.99 2.55 1.24 2.15 2.64 204 467 634 19.09 29. 70 22.44 .29 .65 .57 216 517 715 20.20 32.88 25.31 2.09 3.94 5.12 2, 248 5, 302 13,631 1 15 22 .15 .94 .54 .89 5.66 3.23 5 33 130 .74 2.07 3.19 .95 3.28 3.74 125 1,012 2,386 18.53 63.62 58. 46 .51 1.59 1. 25 131 1,060 2,538 19.42 66.63 62.19 2.35 10.51 8. 22 1,887 9,303 12,207 3 .11 .08 .64 .49 2 15 28 .35 .54 .76 .45 .32 .70 253 623 780 44.69 22.32 21.30 .38 .25 .34 255 641 811 45.04 22.97 22.14 .83 1.21 1. 53 1,814 16,770 26,074 1 7 18 .18 .14 .23 1.10 .83 1. 38 11 36 126 2.02 .72 1.61 1. 71 .83 1.62 217 1,562 2, 224 39.87 31.05 28.43 1.70 .51 .60 229 1,605 2,368 42.07 31.91 30.27 4.51 2.17 3.60 3, 783 19, 951 25 .42 2. 51 6 67 .53 1.12 .32 1.12 99 1, 979 8.72 33.04 , .20 .52 105 2,071 9.25 34. 58 .52 4.15 102 177 3 1 The record for Kansas, included herein, covers six months only (July to December). 2 This industry group has been discontinued. INDUSTRIES 6 I MANUFACTURING N 44,194 56, 903 ACCIDENTS Cotton goods: 1926 ............................................. 1927 ............................................ Electrical machinery: 1925. _______ _____________ ___________ 1926_____________________________ 1927-_______ _________________ _______ Fertilizers: 192 6 192 7 Flour: 192 5 .................................... 192 6 1927 i ________________________________ Foundry and machine shop products: 192 5 ................................................ 192 6 .............................................. 1927 i ________________________________ Furniture: 192 5 ________ 192 6 1927 i ____________________ ______ ____ Glass: 192 5 192 6 192 7 Hardware: 1926__________________ 1927_ _______ ________________________ Leather: 192 6 192 7 Lumber— Planing mills: 192 5 . 192 6 192 7 Lumber— Sawmills: 192 5 _____ ________________ 192 6 192 7 Machine tools: 192 5 192 6 192 7 Paper and pulp: 192 5 192 6 1927 i______________________________ _ Petroleum refining: 1926__________ __________________ 1927_____ _______ ________ ___________ CO T a b l e 4.— Number of accidents and accident frequency and severity rates for specified industries and States in 1925, 1926 , and 1927 — Contd. to O Statistics for specified industries— Continued [Where no figures are shown no accidents occurred. California reported no temporary disabilities, and Pennsylvania reported none for 1925 and 1926] Death Permanent disability Num Sever ber of Fre Fre Sever Full-year quency ity rate quency ity rate estab workers N um N um lish rate (per (per rate (per (per ber of ber of ments 1,000,000 1,000 1,000,000 1,000 cases cases hours’ hours’ hours’ hours’ exposure) exposure) exposure) exposure) Temporary disability Num ber of cases Total Sever Fre Fre Sever quency ity rate quency ity rate Num rate (per (per rate (per (per ber of 1,000,000 1,000 1,000,000 1,000 cases hours’ hours’ hours’ hours’ exposure) exposure) exposure) exposure) O P Accidents for States reporting all disabilities extending beyond day of injury— Continued 0.51 .66 1 2 6 0.28 .17 .33 0.50 .36 .18 80 142 229 22.12 12.00 12.61 0.31 .25 .17 81 145 237 22.40 12.25 13.05 0.81 1.12 1.01 .28 1.66 2 36 .89 2.00 1.92 2.58 123 798 55.03 44.25 .96 .76 125 839 55.92 46.53 2.88 5.00 3 8 15 .13 .13 .14 .80 .81 .83 40 93 136 1. 78 1.56 1. 25 1.90 1.50 1.00 878 2,935 3,810 39.09 49.39 35.05 .62 .66 .54 921 3,036 3,961 41.00 51.08 36.44 3.32 2.97 2.37 1,473 2 ,84S 6, 260 2 •H .64 3 25 34 .68 2.93 1.81 .54 2.10 1.10 75 175 234 16.97 20.48 12.46 .19 .22 .29 78 200 270 17.65 23.41 14.38 .73 2.32 2.03 11 16 41 936 5,897 19,396 2 .03 .21 2 7 27 .71 .40 .46 .37 .77 .27 165 966 1, 630 58.76 54.60 28.01 .74 .57 .36 167 973 1,659 59.47 55.00 28.50 1.11 1.34 .84 20 30 44 2, 724 4,379 7,515 1 .04 .27 3 21 25 .37 1.60 1.11 .35 1.93 1.04 352 532 1, 002 43.08 40.50 44.44 .45 .62 .62 355 553 1,028 43.45 42.10 45. 59 .80 2.55 1.93 24 21 55 1,992 1, 737 8,862 3 12 23 .50 2.30 .87 3.01 13.82 5.20 7 12 20 1.17 2.30 .75 1.15 3.78 . 51 465 358 1,046 77.81 68.70 39.43 .91 1.32 .61 475 382 1,089 79.48 73.30 41.06 5.07 18.92 6.32 1.206 3; 946 6,053 1 2 4 12 745 6,011 5 6 34 77 7,488 19,809 36,222 7 11 20 • 0.08 1 .11 ACCIDENTS 1 4 i 7 14 25 INDUSTRIAL Pottery: States 1 1925. ______ _____________________________ 1926___________________ _________________ 5 7 1927____ _______ ____ _________ ___________ Shipbuilding, steel: 1926_____________________________________ 2 1927_______________ _____ ________________ 4 Slaughtering and meat packing: 1925_____________________________________ 2 1926_____________________________________ 8 1927 i ___________________________________ Stamped and enameled ware: 1925. ______ _____________________________ 3 1926._______ ____________________________ 4 1927_____________________________________ 6 Steam fittings, apparatus, and supplies: 1925 ______ ________ ______ _______________ 3 5 1926 ______________________________ 1927 _______ ___________________________ 7 Stoves: 3 1925 _____________ __________________ 9 1926 ________________________________ 11 1927_____________________________________ Structural-iron work: 4 1925_________________ ___________________ 7 1926_______________________________ _____ 11 1927 ..................................... ............................ STATISTICS Industry or State, and year N um ber of States or indus tries Woolen goods: 192 6 1927 i _______________ All industry groups; 192 5 192 6 192 7 7 12 21 56 1, 737 8,979 12 23 5 15 17 459 858 1, 776 95,816 283,172 608, 247 31 94 250 2.30 .85 13. 82 5.12 12 20 2. 30 .74 3. 73 .50 278 855 1,896 358 1,061 68.70 39. 39 1.32 .61 11, 761 24,002 43, 037 382 1,104 73.30 40.98 18.92 6.23 61.51 34.90 71.19 5. 34 8.64 17. 51 22.29 17. 54 42. 74 1. 02 .82 4. 73 .09 .20 1. 53 2. 28 .34 .54 12, 070 24,951 45,183 All industry groups: 1927__________ 5, 461 220 3.03 3.18 2.25 .29 1.16 1.71 .09 4 30 4 21 45 1 17 56 107 59 15 61. 51 34. 90 68. 16 5. 34 8.64 16. 62 20.04 17.25 42. 74 1.02 .82 1. 55 .09 .20 .37 .57 .25 . 54 351 ^ 30 4 21 4 47 41 4 17 4 59 4 119 4 60 4 15 369 Accidents for States reporting only disabilities extending beyond one week 3 3 2 19 28 23 8,899 9,881 8,931 2 3 1 0.07 .10 .04 0.45 .61 .22 47 54 46 1. 1. 1.72 1.26 1. 55 1.51 323 499 347 12.10 16.83 12.95 0.26 .43 .29 372 556 394 13.93 18.75 14.71 1.97 2. 59 2.02 5 5 4 59 63 58 177,092 213,978 179,064 51 49 61 .10 .08 .11 .58 .46 .68 690 876 649 1.30 1.36 1.21 1.01 1.08 .90 3,893 5, 595 4,491 7.33 8.72 8.36 .16 .27 .22 4,634 6, 520 5,201 8.73 10.16 9.68 1.75 1.81 1.80 1 2 2 7 7 4 2,749 4,875 3,697 1 2 .12 .14 .73 .82 10 23 7 1.21 1.57 .63 2.03 1.16 .85 97 196 70 11.76 13.40 6.31 .37 .37 .16 108 221 77 13.09 15.11 6.94 3.13 2.35 1.01 3 5 5 16 27 24 7,653 25,942 6, 735 4 .05 .31 6 61 17 .26 .78 .84 .19 .53 .62 198 449 131 8.62 5.77 6.48 .16 .20 .15 204 514 148 8.88 6.60 7.32 .35 1.04 .77 3 4 4 34 46 33 6,710 8,000 6,427 3 1 1 .15 .04 .05 .89 .25 .31 1.04 1.58 1.19 1.17 2.34 1. 38 326 435 263 16.19 18.13 13.64 .49 .48 .30 350 474 287 17.38 19. 75 14.88 2.55 3.07 1.99 i The record for Kansas, included here, covers six months only (July to December). 21 38 23 3 Data for Oklahoma only. * Fatal cases not reported. INDUSTRIES Agricultural implements: 192 5 192 6 192 7 Automobiles: 192 5 192 6 192 7 Automobiles tires: 192 5 192 6 192 7 Boots and shoes: 192 5 192 6 1927_ _______ _________ Brick: 192 5 _____ _ 192 6 192 7 MANUFACTURING 62 656 1, 123 1, 779 1,140 117 163 201 I N Brick: 1927_________________ Flour: 1927________________________________ Foundry and machine shop products: 192' Furniture: 1927____ _____ Glass: 1927________________________________ Lumber— sawmills: 1927_________________ Petroleum refining: 1927_________________ Slaughtering and meat packing: 1927___ Structural-iron work: 1927_______________ ACCIDENTS Accidents for States reporting only disabilities extending beyond five days 3 T a b l e 4.— Number of accidents and accident frequency and severity rates for specified industries and States in 192-5, 1926, and 1927— Contd. to Statistics for specified industries— Continued [Where no figures are shown no accidents occurred. California reported no tem porary disabilities, and Pennsylvania reported none for 1925 and 1926] Permanent disability Death Num Sever Fre Sever Fre ber of Full-year ity rate estab workers N u m quency ity rate N u m quency (per rate (per (per rate (per lish ber of ber of 1,000 1,000,000 1,000 1,000,000 ments cases cases hours’ hours’ hours' hours' exposure) exposure) exposure) exposure) Total Temporary disability Num ber of cases Sever Fre ity rate quency Num (per rate (per ber of 1,000,000 1,000 cases hours’ hours’ exposure) exposure) Sever Fre quency ity rate (per rate (per 1,000 1,000,000 hours’ hours' exposure) exposure) 6,428 8, 704 923 116 3 1 0.16 .04 0.93 .23 30 20 3 3 1.56 .77 1.08 8. 62 2.43 .61 1. 37 8.62 94 143 28 7 4.87 5.48 10.11 20.11 0.15 .28 .21 .45 127 164 31 10 6.59 6.29 11.19 28.73 3.51 1.12 1.58 9.07 24 34 29 10,014 11, 523 8,804 3 6 12 .10 .17 . 45 .60 1.04 2. 73 34 46 55 1.13 1.33 2.08 1.72 1. 71 1.84 148 382 387 4. 93 11. 05 14.65 .17 .44 .42 185 434 454 6.16 12.55 17.18 2.49 3.19 4.99 18 26 24,360 32, 389 1 7 .01 .07 .08 .43 35 55 .48 .57 .31 .49 350 484 4. 79 4.98 . 13 . 12 386 546 5.28 5. 62 .52 1.04 35 47 41 33, 727 36,106 18,984 6 5 1 .06 .05 .02 .36 .28 .11 150 188 64 1.48 1. 74 1.12 1.47 1.74 1.09 650 997 368 6. 42 9.20 6.46 .25 .49 .16 806 1,190 433 7.96 10.99 7.60 2.08 2. 51 1.36 7 26 1,087 2, 764 1 4 .31 .48 1.84 2. 89 2 23 .61 2. 77 2.45 2.94 46 167 14.11 20.14 .45 .51 49 194 15.03 23. 39 4. 74 6.34 12 11 2,042 953 1 .05 .27 11 3 1.80 .14 1.91 .05 103 43 16. 81 1.96 .74 .05 114 47 18.61 2.15 2.65 .37 75 117 96 33,379 44,932 27, 295 8 29 8 .08 .22 .10 .48 1. 29 .59 232 418 246 2. 32 3.10 3.00 1.96 2. 65 2. 78 1,139 2,845 1, 569 11. 37 21.11 19.16 .40 .73 .49 1,379 3,292 1,823 13. 77 24.43 22.26 2.84 4.67 3.86 48 96 81 10, 659 20, 745 20, 225 3 1 .05 .02 .29 .10 36 123 77 1.13 1.98 1.27 .97 1. 72 .87 264 613 489 8. 26 9. 85 7. 73 .23 .23 .IS 300 739 547 9.39 11.88 9.02 1.20 2.24 1.15 ACCIDENTS 5 8 3 4 INDUSTRIAL States Carpets: 2 1925 __________________ o 1926 ___ ____________ 1 1927 4 Carriages and wagons*2 1926 Chemicals: 2 1925 ___ _________________________ 5 1926 ______ __________ 5 1927 _________________________ Cotton goods: 4 1926 ________________________________ 4 1927 _________________________________ Electrical machinery: 3 1925 _________________________________ 5 1926 __________________________ _____ 3 1927 ______________________ Fertilizers: 4 1926 _____________________ 5 1927 __________________________________ Flour: 4 1926 ........... 5 1927 _ ___________________ _____ Foundry and machine-shop products: 5 1925 ________ ________________________ 6 926 ________ _____________________ 6 1927 _______ _________________________ Furniture: 4 1925 _ _ 5 1926 ___________ _______________________ 6 1927_____________________________________ O F Accidents for States reporting only disabilities extending beyond one week— Continued STATISTICS Industry or State, and year N um ber of States or indus tries 3, 023 3, 586 5. 431 9; 775 8,181 2 2 1 . 50 1.16 .76 1.83 50 64 3.60 8. 21 .10 .21 58 73 4.17 9.40 1.29 2.04 3.86 3. 35 2.08 3.26 86 86 9. 48 7.99 .28 .20 121 122 13.34 11.34 2.36 3.46 .12 .07 .04 .74 .41 .24 28 58 42 1 72 1. 98 1. 71 1.36 1.92 1.97 182 406 227 11.17 13.85 9.25 .29 .57 .21 212 466 270 13.01 15.90 11.00 2.39 2.90 2.42 5, 555 8, 463 5, 215 5 11 .30 .43 .19 1.80 2. 60 1.15 45 78 47 2.70 3. 07 3.00 3.60 3. 62 2. 78 337 695 360 20. 22 27.37 23.01 .62 1.06 .67 387 784 410 23.22 30.87 26.20 6.02 7.28 4.60 7, 975 7,121 9,400 10 9 16 .42 .42 .57 2. 51 2.53 3.40 19 34 35 .79 1. 59 1.24 .57 1. 63 1.21 442 867 1,052 18.47 40. 58 37.30 .48 1. 37 1.16 471 910 1,103 19.68 42. 59 39.11 3.56 5. 53 5.77 3,027 5, 635 3, 793 2 .11 •06 .18 .66 .35 1.05 15 48 23 1.65 2. 84 2.02 1.26 2.63 1.70 79 252 130 8.70 14. 91 11.42 .23 .51 .27 95 301 155 10. 46 17. 81 13.62 2.15 3.49 3.02 7, 796 17, 649 8,630 10 12 .13 .23 .77 1. 36 2.32 66 126 29 2.82 2.38 1.12 4.12 2.60 .72 373 1, 263 386 15.95 23.85 14.91 .53 .77 .40 442 1,401 425 18.90 26. 46 16.42 5. 42 4. 73 3.44 9 .23 .03 1.35 .21 92 69 2.30 2.40 3.00 2, 89 293 140 7.33 4.87 .27 12 394 210 9.86 7. 30 4.62 3. 22 1.03 . 51 2 8 5 .34 .68 .68 1.10 .66 .93 76 132 100 13.04 11.14 13.61 .41 .34 .40 79 141 105 13. 55 11.90 14. 29 2.54 1. 51 1.33 .26 .29 1.54 1.73 32 28 2. 05 1.62 1.45 .70 187 232 12.00 13.41 .59 .40 223 265 14.31 15.32 3.58 2.83 .24 .09 .18 1.46 .56 1.05 41 121 155 83 1.61 2.48 .50 1. 57 2. 55 767 1,292 1,201 15.58 17.18 19.18 .33 .39 .40 820 1, 420 1, 367 16.65 18.88 21.84 2.29 2. 52 4.00 .59 53 18 1.73 1. 51 1.08 .80 180 64 5.88 5.35 .25 .09 236 82 7. 71 6.86 1.92 .89 13,320 9,579 1,943 3, 948 2,450 1 1 3 1 1 1 5,196 5, 765 16,412 25, O SS 20,868 12 11 10, 204 3,985 2,607 5,813 3,411 .06 .10 .34 .59 30 48 32 3.84 2. 75 3.13 4.10 2.34 3.15 170 380 185 21.74 21. 79 18.08 .74 .87 .42 200 429 218 25. 58 24. 60 21.31 4.84 3. 55 4.16 3.160 2,079 .11 .16 .63 .95 12 9 1.27 1.42 1.16 1.94 146 60 15.40 9.47 . 52 .23 159 70 16.78 11. 05 INDUSTRIES .43 I MANUFACTURING N 2 This industry group has been"discontinued. .07 7 9 35 36 4,632 ACCIDENTS Glass: 192 5 ................................................ 1927................................................................ Hardware: 192 6 _______ ________________ 192 7 _______ ____________ Leather: 192 5 _________ 192 6 ______ 192 7 _____ ____ Lumber— Planing mills: 192 5 _____ _________ _ 192 6 192 7 Lum ber— sawmills: 192 5 _____ ________________ 192 6 192 7 Machine tools: 192 5 192 6 _____ _ 192 7 Paper and pulp: 192 5 _____ __________ 192 6 192 7 _____ Petroleum refining: 192 6 192 7 Pottery: 192 5 192 6 192 7 Shipbuilding, steel: 192 6 192 7 Slaughtering and meat packing: 192 5 192 6 192 7 Stamped and enameled ware: ________ ______ _______ 192 6 192 7 Steam fittings, apparatus, and supplies: 192 5 _____ ___________________ 192 6 _______ ___________ 192 7 ............................................... Stoves: 1926. _______________________________ 1927___________________________________ 2.31 3.12 bO CO T a b l e 4 .— Number of accidents and accident frequency and severity rates for specified industries and States in 1025, 1926, and 1927— Contd. E O Statistics for specified industries— Continued [Where no figures are shown no accidents occurred. California reported no temporary disabilities, and Pennsylvania reported none for 1925 and 1926] Permanent disability Death Num Sever Fre Fre Sever ber of Full-year quency ity rate ity rate estab workers N u m quency N um (per rate (per lish rate (pel ' (per ber of ber of 1,000,000 1,000 1,000,000 1,000 ments cases cases hours’ hours’ hours’ hours’ exposure) exposure) exposure) exposure) Total Temporary disability Num ber of cases i Sever Sever Fre Fre quency ity rate quency ity rate N u m rate (per (per (per rate (per ber of 1,000,000 1,000 1,000,000 1,000 cases hours’ hours’ hours’ hours’ exposure) exposure) exposure) exposure) 1,850 2,428 2,274 4 18 16 361,448 538, 836 415,871 2.16 5. 77 1. 76 6,910 5, 722 6,876 481 859 729 0. 36 .96 .29 114 173 150 25 28 30 4. 50 3.84 4.40 4.97 2. 85 4.22 94 215 286 16.94 29. 52 41.92 0. 57 1.17 1.02 121 250 318 21.80 34. 32 46. 61 7. 70 9. 79 7.00 9 23 18 2 7 2 .43 1. 34 .87 .22 1.56 .94 33 75 67 1. 59 4. 37 3. 25 .06 .20 .08 42 98 85 2.02 5. 71 4.12 .28 1.76 1.02 3.60 10.00 34.23 4.84 27. 51 25.00 39.54 11.18 36.67 25.00 21.62 11.67 0.92 1.14 13.06 1.00 16.52 3.53 8.34 1.61 1.30 7.86 3.12 .33 11,392 21,996 15, 460 9, 735 19,129 13,457 1,543 2,694 1,853 Accidents for State reporting only disabilities extending beyond 10 days8 Boots and shoes: 1926.________ ____________ Brick: 1926___ _____________________________ Chemicals: 1926___________ _ ___________ Cotton goods: 1926 ______________________ Fertilizers: 1926 _______________ _______ _ Flour: 1926 . . . _____________________ . Foundry and m&chine-shop products: 1926 Furniture: 1926 ______________________ Leather: 1926 _ ___________ Lumber— Planing mills: 1926_. _ ______ _ Lumber— Sawmills: 1926-_ _______ _____ Paper and pulp: 1926---------------------------------- 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 5 3 1 3 3 2 3 2 1 2 5 2 1,664 274 851 5,999 517 78 717 559 113 480 3,288 388 2 0.77 4.70 4 2.50 15.48 1 .45 2.79 1 2 . 71 .20 4.16 1.21 2 1 9 10 1 1 6 5 0.40 1.25 3.46 .56 .63 5.00 2. 73 2.94 0. 86 .91 7.28 .87 .19 2. 57 4.65 1.34 4 17 2.86 1.72 3.22 1.22 16 7 78 77 39 4 80 14 11 30 195 14 3.20 8.75 30.00 4.28 24. 38 20.00 36.36 8.24 36.67 21.43 19. 70 11.67 0.06 .23 1.08 .13 .85 .96 .90 .27 1.30 .48 .69 .33 18 8 89 87 44 5 87 19 11 35 214 14 ACCIDENTS 16 18 15 INDUSTRIAL States Structural ironwork: 1925 ____________________________________ 5 5 1926 ___________ ________________________ 5 1927 _ _________________________________ Woolen goods: 1 1925 5 1926 - _______ 5 1927 . __________________ All industry groups: 5 1925 6 1926 6 1927 __________ ______ ____ _____ ______ O F Accidents for States reporting only disabilities extending beyond one week— Continued STATISTICS Industry or State, and year Num ber of States or indus tries Pottery: 1926.______________________________ Ship building, steel: 1926__________ Slaughtering and meat packing: 1926______ Stoves: 1926______ ________________________ Structural-iron work: 1926.. ___________ _ W oolen goods: 1926_________ _______________ 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 167 4,233 53 73 43 446 All industry groups: 1926....................... .. 1 39 19,943 2 .16 .94 31 2.12 1 12 2.44 10.00 23. 76 88 2 112 4.00 8.82 0.05 .22 2 145 4.00 11.42 .05 3.28 g 3 35.00 80.00 2.30 .62 3.45 .06 7 9 3 35. (K 90.00 2.30 .62 27.21 .06 697 797 All industry groups: 1926__________________ 1927............................................................ 1 1 1 9 10 5 5,917 6,353 196 1 1 3 4 2,092 1,888 1 1 1 5 4 1 2,312 2,182 250 1 1 1 2 18 26 10,368 11,055 1 1 0.18 62 66 3 3.48 3.46 5.10 0.12 .12 . 28 67 70 3 3.76 3.67 5.10 0.41 .18 .28 6 7 .95 1.24 .84 ! 66 102 54 16.19 9.53 .45 . o'* 108 A 0O z 17.14 in. yo qc iu 1.29 OA A Z. uu 4 g 2 1.06 0.29 .06 .58 1.22 2.67 .43 1.37 7. 75 48 78 22 6.96 11.92 29.38 06 ! 92 0/ 24 *7 O /. Aft o 13.29 32.05 2.85 8.67 1 4 1 0.28 .21 10.00 7.16 .15 .27 1 4 10.00 7.16 .15 .27 47 186 1 1 5 4 .14 .15 .86 .92 1 2 15 21 213 997 1. 4o 229 250 1 Agricultural implements: 1925_____________________________ .. 1926_____________________ 1927______________________ Automobiles: 1925______________________ 1926_____________________________ 1927______________ Automobile tires: 1925_ ______________________ 1926___________________________________ 1927_________________________ _____ ______ 1 5 8 3 1, 282 1,019 614 1 2 1 5 14 5 7,851 9,555 915 1 2 1 6 8 2 2,459 4,246 2,165 1 2 3 5 3 5 6 0. 21 .21 2 1 . 16 .15 5 B ata are for Virginia only. 6 Data are for Alabama only. 7 Data are for California and Pennsylvania in 1925 and 1926, and California in 1927, 1. 27 1.26 .94 .82 . 0. 78 1. 64 1.09 0.34 .93 .51 3 5 3 0. 78 1.64 1.09 0.34 .93 .51 41 46 3 1. 74 1. 60 1.09 1. 22 1. 37 . 51 46 52 1.95 1.81 1.09 2.49 2. 63 .51 9 12 4 1. 22 . 94 .62 1.13 .63 .57 9 14 5 1. 22 1.10 .77 1.13 1. 57 1.49 INDXJSTEIES Accidents for States reporting only fatalities and permanent disabilities 7 I MANTJFACTUEING N Cotton goods: 1926___________________ _______________ 1927_______ _______ _______ _________ Fertilizers: 1927_______ ___ ........................... Foundry and machine-shop products: 1926__________________________ 1927_________________ _______ Lumber— Sawmills: 1926_________________________ 1927______________ Shipbuilding, steel: 1927 Slaughtering and meat packing: 1926_________________ 1927__________________________ ___________ ACCIDENTS Accidents for State reporting only disabilities extending beyond two weeks 6 T a b l e 4. — Number of accidents and accident frequency and severity rates for specified industries and States in 1925, 1926, and 1927— Contd. to Statistics for specified industries— Continued [Where no figures are shown no accidents occurred. California reported no tem porary disabilities, and Pennsylvania reported none for 1925 and 19261 Permanent disability Death Num Sever Fre Sever Fre ber of Full-year ity rate quency ity rate N u m quency estab workers N um rate (per (per rate (per (per lish ber of ber of 1,000 1,000 1,000,000 ments cases 1,000,000 cases hours’ hours’ hours’ hours’ exposure) exposure) exposure) exposure) Total Temporary disability Num ber of cases Fre Sever quency ity rate Num (per rate (per ber of 1,000 1,000,000 cases hours’ hours’ exposure) exposure) Sever Fre quency ity rate (per rate (per 1,000 1,000,000 hours’ hours’ exposure) exposure) 2,697 3,539 19 40 11 4,106 6,037 2,567 2 3 2 0.16 .17 .26 0.97 .99 1.56 3 17 0.24 .94 0.30 .67 5 20 2 0.40 1.11 .26 1.27 1.66 1.56 14 11 2 4,571 2,440 53 2 .15 .88 3 4 .22 .55 .08 .41 5 4 .37 .55 .96 .41 2 4 2 6 2,626 1,166 373 2, 539 1 1 .29 .89 1. 72 5. 36 1 1 3 .29 .89 .39 .09 .45 .20 2 2 3 .58 1.78 .39 1.81 5.81 .20 13 14 1 19,441 21,146 201 7 4 .12 .06 .72 .38 69 21 1.18 .33 .80 . 22 76 25 1.30 .39 1.52 .60 2 3 4 142 68 93 109 102 18 27,121 30, 483 2,056 5 17 2 .06 . 19 .37 1.12 1.95 47 123 14 .58 1.35 2. 27 .53 1.10 1.92 52 140 16 .64 1. 54 2. 59 .90 2.22 3.87 ........___i.................. \_________ ACCIDENTS Txraorvnci* 8 13 INDUSTRIAL States Boots and shoes: 1 1925 1 1926 Bricks: 1 1925 1926 1 1927 Carpets: 1 1925 1 1926 1 f^orriacrPQ cmrl 2 1Q9A .Chemicals: 1 1925 1 1926 1 1927 1 Cotton goods- 1926 Electrical machinery: 1 1925 1 1Q26 1 1927 Fertilizers: 1 1926 1 IQ27 Plni-ir- i oofi 1 Foundry and machine shop products: 1 1925 1926 1 1927______________________________ _____ - O F Accidents for States reporting only fatalities and permanent disabilities— Continued BTATISTICS Industry or State, and year Num ber of States or indus tries 1 32 32 7 4, 393 3, 839 1,108 25 22 3 5 17 12 9 1. 29 1.04 2.71 .76 .64 2.91 7 18 2 11 .48 1.25 1.02 1. 57 .59 2. 63 3. 21 .53 2 11 4 .17 .82 2.41 .05 1.41 4. 39 2 15 33 .91 1.65 1.73 1.91 .99 4. 23 115 62 2.84 2.97 5.69 5.67 .50 2 3.34 10.68 .30 .24 4 6 .87 .80 1.61 1.83 .49 2. 55 .22 1.44 21 45 1.15 3.82 4.17 9.08 2 2. 67 1.07 3 4.01 9.10 12 8 1.12 .91 .48 .46 15 11 1.40 1.25 2.16 2. 51 .94 .43 6 1.41 3.29 .33 2. 31 1 .33 2.31 7 3 .87 .46 1.01 1.08 .26 .80 3. 58 1.58 2. 73 1. So 17 12 8 1.29 1.04 2. 41 7 14 1 11 .48 .97 .51 1. 57 .59 .97 . 15 ________ j__________ .53 .89 3. 61 2 9 3 . 17 .67 1.80 .05 . 52 ! 78 .53 3.13 2 15 23 .91 1.65 1.20 1.91 .99 1.10 27 15 .67 .72 3.99 4.31 88 47 2.17 2.25 1,119 196 1 1.67 10.18 1 1.67 4 6 1,532 2, 501 1 2 .22 .27 1.31 1.59 3 4 . 65 .53 1 9 2 6,072 3,927 12 15 .66 1.27 3.95 7.64 9 30 1 1 1 2 277 249 1 1.34 8.03 1 3 2 3, 563 2,924 3 3 .28 .34 1.68 2.05 1 1 6 4 1,102 1,424 2 .47 2. 81 4 1 1 2 3 108 410 1 1 2,669 2,173 43 2 1 .12 . 15 6 2 .75 .31 .26 .16 1 24 11 2 1 1 1 9 5 2 1, 264 821 280 1 1 .26 .40 j 1 3 .40 3. 58 .30 1.85 1 .30 1.81 4, 903 4, 833 653 2, 337 4 1 .28 .51 1. 66 3.06 14 22 5 3, 870 4, 510 554 2 1 . 15 .61 1 5 24 17 735 3,038 6, 371 10 1 23 16 13. 520 6, 958 1 1 7 3 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1. 58 2.43 i i ____ j_____ i i 1 1.70 1.36 I j ! 1 ! 1 2 3 ! INDUSTRIES .75 .92 .76 . 64 1.10 I MANUFACTURING N 1 ACCIDENTS Furniture: 1925__________ 1926 ___________ ____________ 1927_ _________ ________________ Glass: 1925 ____________________ _____ _________ 1926 ____________________________________ 1927_____________________________________ Hardware: 1926_____ _______________________ Leather: 1925 1926_____________________________________ 1927_____________________________________ Lum ber— Planing mills: 1925_____________________________________ 1926_____________________________________ 1927_____________________________________ Lumber— Sawmills: 1926_____________________________________ 1927_____________________________________ Machine tools: 1925_____________________________________ 1926_________________ _______ ____________ Paper and pulp: 1925_____________________________________ 1926_____________________________________ Petroleum refining: 1926______________________ _____ _ 1927_____________________________________ P ottery 1926_____________________________________ 1927_______________________ ______ Shipbuilding, Steel: 1926_____________________________________ 1927__________ ____ _________ Slaughtering and meat packing: 1926_____________________________________ 1927___________ _____ _____________________ Stamped and enameled ware: 1926_____ ______ _________________________ 1927_____________________________________ Steam fittings, apparatus, and supplies: 1925_________________ ___________________ 1926_____________________________________ 1927____________ ________ ____ _____ ______ ^Stoves: 1925_____ _______________________________ 1926_____________________________________ 1927._____ ______________ ________________ 2 This industry group has been discontinued. bO -<I T a b le 4. — N um ber o f accidents and accident frequen cy and severity rates fo r specified industries and States in 1925, 1926, and 1927 — Contd. tO 00 Statistics for specified industries— Continued [Where no figures are shown no accidents occurred. California reported no temporary disabilities, and Pennsylvania reported none for 1925 and 1S2C] Permanent disability Death Total Temporary disability N um Sever FreSever Fre Sever Fre ber of Full-year ity rate ! quency quency ity rate quency ity rate estab Num Num workers N u m rate (per (per (per rate (per (per lish rate (per ber of ber of ber of 1,000,000 1,000 1,000,000 1,000 1,000 ments 1,000,000 cases cases cases hours’ hours’ hours’ hours’ hours’ hours’ exposure) exposure) exposure) exposure) exposure) exposure) Num ber of cases Sever Fre quency ity rate (per rate (per 1,000,000 1,000 hours’ hours’ exposure) exposure) Accidents for States reporting only fatalities and permanent disabilities— Continued 1 1 1 1 1 11 25 26 20 18 4 2,681 3,374 647 1 4 2 0.12 .40 1.03 0. 75 2.37 6.19 10 21 4 1.24 2.07 2.06 0.45 1.08 .98 11 25 6 1.36 2.47 3.09 1.20 3.45 7.17 21 15 1 5, 772 4,041 141 2 .06 .35 4 6 .23 .49 .26 .66 5 6 .29 .49 .61 .66 342 435 115 98, 732 138, 763 34, 648 26 90 57 226 438 161 1, 282 555,996 2, 209 991,082 2, 676 1,075, 282 171 370 459 2,047 4,090 3,949 36. 78 29.60 23. 66 1.06 5.59 1.75 252 528 218 ACCIDENTS Grand total— All industry groups: 1925 1926 1927 States 23, 714 48, 501 64, 480 21, 496 44,041 57, 072 Statistics for specified States Accidents for States reporting all disabilities extending beyond day of injury Indiana: 1925. 1926. 1927. Industries 13 22 23 122 153 165 20, 587 39,907 47,110 1 12 16 0.02 .10 .11 1 0.10 .60 .68 51 229 149 0.83 1.91 1. 05 0.46 4. 55 .74 2,219 3, 326 3,180 35.93 27. 59 22.50 0. 50 .44 .33 2,271 3,567 3, 345 | INDUSTRIAL A ll industry groups: 1925 1926 1927............................................................ O F Structural-iron work: 1925 1926 1927 Woolen goods: 1925 1926 1927 STATISTICS Industry or State, and year Num ber of States or indus tries 11,073 12,105 12,437 11,281 2 6 6 3 0.06 .17 .16 .09 0.36 .99 .97 .53 40 39 50 10 1.20 1.07 1.34 .30 1.01 .90 .74 .13 880 1,024 1,179 813 26.49 28.21 31.60 24.02 0.40 .54 .52 .29 922 1,069 1,235 826 27.75 29.45 33.10 24.41 1.77 2.43 2.22 .95 11 10 24 18 7,181 6,671 2 .10 .60 47 40 2.19 2.00 1. 71 1. 55 1, 267 922 58.93 46.06 .78 .63 1,314 964 61.12 48.16 2.49 2.78 9 8 24 24 12,389 13,318 1 5 (8 ) .13 (8 ) .75 21 28 .57 .70 .53 .81 1,005 711 27.04 17.80 . 45 .36 1,027 744 27.61 18.63 .98 1.92 12 20 20 52 74 84 7,198 13,864 15, 3i0 1 5 8 .05 .12 .17 .28 .72 1.05 12 35 71 .56 .84 1.55 .84 .64 1.48 478 826 1, 0C 6 22.13 19.86 21.90 .45 .44 .45 491 866 1,085 22.74 20.82 23.62 1.57 1.80 2.98 15 15 156 164 76,568 80, 205 7 3 .03 .01 .18 .07 50 75 .22 .31 .16 .20 1,990 3,496 8. 62 14.53 .20 .33 2,047 3,574 8.87 14.85 .54 .60 12 13 12 2 60 66 68 4 13, 744 14,0*8 14,857 934 14 16 16 2 .34 .38 .36 .07 2.04 2.28 2.15 4.28 55 1C4 111 1.33 2.47 2.49 1.46 2. 78 1.84 1,141 2,645 1, 751 64 27. 67 62.83 39.28 2.29 .49 1.16 .83 .37 1,210 2,765 1,878 66 29.34 65.68 42.13 2.36 3.99 6.22 4.82 4.65 6 6 23 22 6,078 6,080 3 1 .16 .05 .99 .33 15 9 .82 .49 1.33 .32 712 717 39.05 39.31 .48 .50 730 727 40.03 39.85 2.80 1.15 5 5 25 15 14 209 15,253 15,679 103, 638 1 2 40 .02 . C4 .13 .13 .26 .77 5 12 751 .11 .26 2.42 .07 .26 2.39 650 557 3,924 14.19 11.84 12.62 .29 .23 .47 656 571 4,715 14.32 12.14 15.17 .49 .75 3.63 3 4 7 5 137 154 1 1 2.50 2.15 14. 59 8.60 60 43 150.00 92.47 2. 59 .95 61 44 152.50 94.62 17.18 9. 55 15 25 27 29 3 171 190 360 379 4 43,214 64,208 115,303 119,254 1,080 13 35 52 54 1 .10 .18 .15 .15 .31 .60 1.08 .90 .91 1.85 120 100 2C 8 171 10 .93 .93 .60 .48 3.13 .93 .£3 .75 .30 1.02 7,043 8,343 10,275 8,875 253 54. 32 42.16 29.70 24. 81 79.06 .56 .56 .47 .31 1.04 7,176 8, 5C 8 10, 535 9, IC O 264 55.35 43.32 30.45 25.44 82.50 2.09 2.42 2.12 1.52 3.91 17 16 11 40 40 72 10,171 9, 771 26, 357 3 2 32 .10 .07 .40 .59 .41 2.43 67 32 159 2.20 1. C9 2.01 1. 51 .83 2.49 938 727 4,012 30.74 24.80 50.74 .37 .29 .80 1,008 761 4,203 33.04 25.96 53.15 2.47 1.53 5.72 12 11 27 25 9,249 10,822 2 8 .07 .25 .43 1.48 42 19 1.52 .59 2.04 .48 899 849 32.45 26.15 .51 .39 943 876 34.04 26.99 2.98 2.35 21 459 30 808 29 1 1,806 95, 816 283,172 613, 708 31 94 250 278 855 1,914 I The record for Kansas included her&covers 6 months only (July to December). 12,070 24,951 45. 552 11, 761 24,002 43. 388 8 Less than 0.005/ INDUSTRIES 54 51 57 70 I MANUFACTURING N Total: 1925. 1926. 1927.. 9 11 11 9 ACCIDENTS 36904°—29--------- 3 Iowa: 1925-......... ............. 192 6 _____ 192 7 Kansas: i 1 927 ........... K entucky: 192 6 192 7 M aine: 192 6 _____ _ 192 7 M aryland: 192 5 192 6 192 7 Massachusetts: 192 6 ................ 192 7 Minnesota: 192 5 192 6 192 7 M ontana: 1926______ Nebraska: 192 6 192 7 N ew Hampshire: 192 6 192 7 N ew York: 1927_____ N orth Dakota: 192 6 192 7 Ohio: _____ _ 192 5 192 6 192 7 Pennsylvania: 1927.. South Dakota: 1926. Tennessee: 192 6 192 7 .............. Texas: 1927__________ W est Virginia: 1926______________ 1 9 2 7 ..___________ fcO CO T able 4. — Number o f accidents and accident frequency and severity rates for specified industries and States in 1925, 1926, and 1927— Contd. W Statistics for specified States— Continued [Where no figures are shown no accidents occurred. California reported no tem porary disabilities, and Pennsylvania reported none for 1925 and 1926] Death Permanent disability Temporary disability Num Sever ber of Sever Fre Fre Full-year estab ity rate ity rate quency workers N u m quency N um Num lish (per rate (per (per rate (per ber of ber of ber of ments 1,000 1,000 1,000,000 1,000,000 cases cases cases hours’ hours’ hours’ hours’ exposure) exposure) exposure) exposure) Fre Sever quency ity rate rate (per (per 1,000 1,000,000 hours’ hours’ exposure) exposure) Total Num ber of cases Sever Fre quency ity rate rate (per (per 1,000,000 1,000 hours’ hours’ exposure) exposure) 9 30 5,461 _________ 1 (0 18 1.10 0.94 351 21.42 0.47 i 369 22. 52 1.41 Accidents for States reporting only disabilities extending beyond one week 32 47 23,322 25,868 4 7 0.06 .09 0.34 .54 45 52 0.64 .67 0.59 .55 471 653 6.73 8.41 0.16 .21 520 712 7.43 9.17 1.09 1.30 120 208 204 51, 329 80,033 74,644 21 24 20 .14 .10 .G 9 .82 .CO . 54 134 399 512 .87 1.66 2.29 .69 1.49 2.27 1,737 3,182 3,063 11.28 13.25 13.68 .27 .33 .30 1,892 3,605 3,595 12.29 15.01 16.06 1.78 2.42 3.11 44 181 186 165,918 227,350 200,895 48 75 78 .10 .11 .13 .58 .65 .78 580 837 677 1.17 1.23 1.12 .90 .85 .76 3,624 6,900 5,751 7.28 10.12 9.54 .16 .32 .27 4,252 7,812 6,506 8.55 11.46 10.79 1.64 1.82 1.81 113 126 141 46,064 50,102 53,601 7 3 6 .03 .02 .04 .30 .12 .22 223 344 405 1.03 2.29 2.52 1.57 2.53 2.98 1,010 1,237 1,080 4.65 8.23 6.72 .21 .19 .17 1,240 1,584 1,491 5. 71 10.54 9.28 2.08 2.84 3.37 131 207 47 70,055 112,942 17,880 26 48 10 .12 .14 .19 .74 .85 1.12 511 865 56 2.43 2.55 1.04 2.79 2.65 .67 1,733 4,618 721 8.25 13.63 13.44 .37 .73 .36 2,270 5,531 787 10.80 16.32 14.67 3.90 4.23 2.15 ACCIDENTS Indus Georgia: tries 1926.................................................................... 10 1927_____________ _____ ________ _________ 11 Illinois: 1924____________________________ ________ 13 1926_____________________________________ 24 1927__________________________ _______ _ 23 Michigan: 1925_____________________________________ 7 1926_____________________________________ 24 1927____________________ ______ _________ 22 N ew Jersey: 9 1925___________________________ ________ 14 1926._______ _____ _____ _________________ 20 22 1927.................................................................. N ew York: 1925_____________________________________ 15 25 1926______ ______ _________________ ______ Virginia; 1927........................................................ 17 INDUSTRIAL Oklahoma: 1927_ ............................................... O F Accidents for State reporting only disabilities extending beyond five days STATISTICS Industry or State, and year Num ber of States or indus tries Wisconsin: 1925_........................................... 1926_____ _____ _________ . 1927 ....... .......................................... 11 20 19 28,082 45,087 42, 983 12 19 29 21 29 29 Total: 1925_ ..................................................... 1926.. ................... 1927______________ _____ _ _ 73 105 104 481 859 729 361,448 538, 836 415,871 114 173 150 .14 14 .22 .85 .84 1.35 95 204 151 1.13 1. 51 1.17 .55 1.18 .71 1,543 2, 694 1, 853 1,631 2, 721 2,189 19. 36 20.11 16. 98 .41 .48 .43 9,735 19,129 13, 457 1, 738 2,944 2,369 20.63 21.76 18.37 1.81 2.50 2.49 797 13.32 3.20 229 250 10.61 7.53 1.07 1.23 11, 392 21,996 15,460 Virginia: 1926_______ 18 39 19,943 12 0. 20 1. 20 88 1.47 1.65 697 11.65 0.35 Alabama: 1926__________________ 1927______________ 4 6 18 26 10,368 11,055 1 2 0.03 .06 0.19 .36 15 21 0.48 .63 0. 60 .60 213 227 10.10 6.84 0.28 .27 Accidents for States reporting only fatalities and permanent disabilities 16 22 108 115 30, 703 34,648 41 57 0. 45 . 55 2. 67 3. 29 147 161 1.60 1. 55 1.18 1. 00 188 218 2.05 2.10 3.85 4. 29 19 28 342 327 98, 732 108,060 26 49 . 26 .16 1. 54 . 95 226 291 2 23 .94 1. 66 .70 252 340 2.49 1.10 3. 20 1.65 Total: 1925_________________ 1926______________________ 1927......... ............................ 19 30 22 342 435 115 98, 732 138, 7C3 34, 648 26 90 57 226 438 161 Grand total, all State groups: 1 9 2 5 ................................................. 1926____________________________ 1927_________________________________ 24 30 29 1,282 555, 996 2, 209 991,082 2,676 1, 075,282 171 370 459 2,047 4, 090 3,949 | 4 Fatal cases not reported. | i 1 252 528 218 1 21, 496 44, 041 57, 072 23, 714 48, 501 61, 480 INDUSTRIES California: 1926______________________ . 1927_ ______________________ Pennsylvania: 1925_________________________ 1926__________________________ I MANUFACTURING N Accidents for State reporting only disabilities extending beyond two weeks ACCIDENTS Accidents for State reporting only disabilities extending beyond 10 days 9 Closed cases only are reported. CO 32 STATISTICS O F IN D U S T R IA L A C C ID E N T S ACCIDENTS AND ACCIDENT RATES IN SPECIFIED STATES, BY INDUSTRY A new feature in this report is found in Table 5, wherein the accident data for each specified State is presented by industry, thus affording an opportunity for each State to compare its experience in a particular industry during the years covered. The States are grouped according to the extent to which accidents are reported. Thus those States reporting all accidents in which the disability extended beyond the day of injury will be found in the first group, comprising therefore the most complete reports and rendering the resultant rates more accurate and more nearly a true picture of the accident hazard in each industry. Those States reporting accidents in which disabilities extended beyond the first week, 10 days, and the second week, respec tively, are found in subsequent groups. It is earnestly to be hoped that all States will soon require the reporting of all accidents, so that a fair and uniform basis will be afforded for the computation of industrial accident statistics. To omit that large group of accidents in which the disabilities last beyond the day of injury but which terminate within the first week, minimizes the importance and lessens the value of accidents rates, and in most instances results in the computation of rates that are actually misleading. For effective accident prevention work it is essential that all accidents be reported. T a b l e 5« — Number of accidents and accident frequency and severity rates in specified States, 1925, 1926, and 1927, by industry Accidents for States reporting all disabilities extending beyond day of injury [Where no figures are shown no accidents occurred. California reported no temporary disabilities, and Pennsylvania reported none for 1925 and 1926] Death N um ber of estab lish ments Fullyear workers N um ber of cases Sever Sever Frequen Frequen ity rate ity rate cy rate cy rate Num (per (per (per (per 1,000 ber of 1 000,000 , cases hours’ hours’ hours’ hours’ ex ex exposure) exposure) posure) posure) 1 000,000 , I 1,000 Temporary disability Num ber of cases Sever Frequen ity rate cy rate (per (per 1,000 1,000,000 hours’ hours’ ex exposure) posure) Total N um ber of cases Sever Frequen ity rate cy rate (per (per 1,000 1, 000,000 hours’ hours’ ex exposure) posure) 3, 732 1,410 1,136 4 9 9 1 2, 239 12, 581 17,312 190 10 9 9 2 696 686 649 94 1 1 1, 300 1, 343 2 2 515 553 3 5 5 3, 0S0 3,904 4, 792 3 5 105 194 6 6 185 1S6 1 0. 09 0. 54 1 .29 1.76 4 2 .11 .04 64 .23 1 .51 3.08 1 1.38 6.90 488 149 118 43. 59 35. 48 34. 61 0. 72 .90 .72 506 167 120 45. 20 39. 77 35.19 2.64 7. 80 2.57 1.34 2.15 .77 1.75 .47 9.67 .55 .53 176 898 847 17 26. 21 23.82 16.31 29.82 .27 .27 .20 .54 185 983 889 18 27. 55 26.08 17.12 31. 57 .74 10.58 .98 1.07 .95 .51 .14 1.60 1.54 166 185 122 8 79. 56 88.10 62. 69 26. 67 .71 1.22 .68 .58 167 187 124 8 80.04 89.05 63. 71 26.67 .85 2.82 5.30 .58 57 45 . 1.52 4.29 .29 14. 62 11.16 .18 .14 57 45 14. 62 11.16 .18 .14 i ! .39 .45 18 12 12.00 7. 24 .13 .18 19 14 12.67 8.44 .52 4.25 .10 1.39 .62 184 275 162 19.91 23.50 11.27 .17 .35 .17 187 298 183 20.23 25.47 12. 73 .27 1.74 .79 1.72 3. 62 .67 .60 .32 1.97 1.46 .60 3.09 23 20 76. 67 34.36 .80 .56 23 21 76. 67 36.08 .80 3.65 5.00 1.79 6.49 .54 12 15 20.00 26.88 .31 .31 15 16 25.00 28. 67 6.80 .85 i i 1 i ! INDUSTRIES i This industry group has been discontinued, 9 7 7 I MANUFACTURING N Indiana Agricultural implements: 192 5 192 6 192 7 1_____ Automobiles: 192 5 192 6 192 7 Automobile tires: 1927____________________________ Brick: 192 5 192 6 192 7 Carriages and wagons:1 1926_____________________ Chemicals: 192 6 192 7 Cotton goods: 192G____________________________________________ 1927____________________________________________ Electrical machinery: 192 5 . 192 6 192 7 .................................................................... Fertilizers: 192 6 192 7 ....................................................................... Flour: 1926____________________________________________ 1927_____________ ______________________________ ACCIDENTS Industry and year Permanent disability OO OO T a b le 5 . — Number of accidents and accident frequency and severity rates in specified States, 1925, 1926, and 1927, by industry— Continued CO Accidents for States reporting all disabilities extending beyond day of injury— Continued [Where no figures are shown no accidents occurred. California reported no temporary disabilities, and Pennsylvania reported none for 1925 and 1926] Industry and year Num ber of estab lish ments Fullyear workers Sever Frequen ity rate cy rate (per N um (per 1,000 ber of 1,000,000 cases hours’ hours’ ex exposure) posure) Sever Frequen ity rate cy rate (per Num (per ber of 1,000 1,000,000 hours’ cases hours’ ex exposure) posure) Temporary disability Permanent disability N um ber of cases Total Sever Frequen ity rate cy rate (per (per 1,000 1,000,000 hours’ hours’ ex exposure) posure) Num ber of cases Sever Frequen ity rate cy rate (per (per 1,000 1,000,000 hours’ hours’ ex exposure) posure) O F Indiana-—Continued 1 2 3 3 2 124 248 204 1 3 3 3 560 307 269 2 1 1 3, 614 3,518 4 2 2 303 314 418 412 277 73.76 60.59 45. 58 0.94 4.31 5.11 .60 2.07 2.12 .60 .26 1.92 1.59 .40 458 453 433 316 25.09 23.47 23.59 37.97 .24 .68 .32 .66 469 493 472 321 25.69 25.54 25. 71 38. 57 .50 2.60 1.91 1.06 2 13 2 1.07 6.19 1.05 .32 7.10 1.89 93 83 68 49. 71 39. 52 35.73 .35 .53 .65 95 96 72 50. 78 45. 71 37.83. .67 7.63 8.85 3.03 12.12 21 23 70. C O 69. 70 1.35 2.13 21 24 70.00 72.73 1.35 14. 25 1.63 1.96 15 24 3 40.32 34.28 4.90 .60 .29 .10 15 25 4 40.32 35. 71 6. 53 .60 8.35 2.06 3 3 1. 79 3.33 .80 8.13 50 40 43 29.78 44.44 53. 22 3.63 .36 1.16 53 45 43 31. 57 49.99 53.22 4.43 21.49 1.16 2. 27 .38 0.78 .82 .67 13.00 2. 22 73.23 58. 68 43. 61 5 4 .46 .38 .30 .11 70 70 6.48 6.63 .14 .12 75 78 6.94 7. 39 .44 2.50 1.11 1.06 .33 .32 12 12 13. 33 12.74 .23 .18 13 13 14.44 13.80 .56 .50 95 110 2 3 2 0.29 .49 1.78 2.96 6.31 1.05 1.43 8.06 1 1 1 , ACCIDENTS 624 711 634 415 399 265 6,086 6,418 6,119 2, 774 8 10 10 0.16 1.71 1.48 1 50 52 52 11 0. 53 1.62 1.48 1 1,889 2, 250 2,025 3 11 9 11 40 39 5 15 12 12 INDUSTRIAL Foundry and machine-shop products: 1925 ................................. 1926 ___________ i _________ ................................. ........................ 1927 Furniture: 1925 ................. 1926 . _______ 1927 _____________ _______ ________________ Glass- 1927 Lumber— Planing mills: 1925 _____ 1926 ....................................... .. 1927 _________________________________ Lumber— Sawmills: 1Q26 1927 ___________ _________________ M achine tools: 1925 1926 - - - - - ______ 1927 _____________________ Paper and pulp: 1925 ___________ . . _______ 1926 __________________________________ 1927 Petroleum refining: 1926 - - ___________ ________ 1927 ................................................................. Pottery: 1926 _____________ ____________ 1927.............................................- .................................. STATISTICS Death 8 9 3, 393 3,083 2 2 2 1 1 .10 .11 .59 .65 1.96 .32 349 404 34. 22 43.67 .48 .58 367 414 35.99 44.75 3.03 1.55 588 654 514 3 4 1.50 2.60 2.34 1.36 24 43 21 13.61 21. 50 13.63 .14 .23 .18 24 46 25 13.61 23.00 16.23 .14 2.57 1.54 1 2 1 244 235 250 3 1 4. 29 1.33 12. 32 .40 43 44 44 58. 71 63.86 58.69 .55 .41 .57 43 47 45 58.71 67.15 60.02 .55 12.73 .97 9 8 8 572 612 662 1 2 2 . 58 1.11 1.00 . 17 3* 59 l! 21 72 77 85 41.96 42. 77 42.80 .54 .68 .69 73 79 87 42.54 43.88 43.80 .71 4.27 1.90 5 5 5 153 287 279 1 3 4 2.17 3.33 4.78 1. 30 13! 69 2.15 35 86 35 76.07 95. 55 41.81 .52 1.54 .87 36 91 40 78.24 101.10 47.78 1.82 29.15 10.19 38 42 35 30.27 35.00 27.50 0.44 .60 .34 38 42 35 30.27 35.00 27. 50 0.44 .60 .34 74 101 81 2 24. 36 48.10 . 31.72 40.00 .45 .84 .72 1.37 76 104 81 2 25.02 49.53 31.72 40.00 2.53 4.12 .72 1.37 9 17 20.86 24.84 .57 .22 9 17 20.86 24.84 .57 .22 2 1 2.22 1.19 13.92 7.17 Iowa Agricultural implements: 192 5 192 6 192 7 Brick: 192 5 192 6 192 7 Carriages and wagons:1 1926___________ Fertilizers: 192 6 192 7 Flour: 1925____________________________ 1927__________________________________ Foundry and machine-shop products: 192 5 192 6 192 7 Furniture: 192 5 192 6 192 7 Lumber— Planing mills: 192 5 192 6 192 7 1 This industry group has been discontinued. 4 4 4 418 397 424 16 12 12 1 1,013 702 851 17 1 1 17 18 6 7 143 228 10 10 9 2, 785 2, 557 2, 559 5 4 4 504 559 600 7 8 8 1, 770 1, 820 1, 566 1 1 1 0.33 .12 .13 1.98 .72 .78 1 3 0. 33 1.43 0.10 3. 28 .36 .42 2.19 2. 55 1.80 .65 1.04 1.38 .29 .49 316 120 137 37.82 15.59 17.85 .52 .35 .37 332 126 145 39.74 16.37 18.89 2.62 1.42 .86 1 2 2 15 5 8 .59 .18 36 34 22 23. 79 20.00 12.23 .19 .62 .24 36 35 22 23.79 20. 59 12.23 .19 .80 .24 5 12 6 . 94 2.18 1. 28 1. 24 L36 .57 44 75 58 8. 29 13. 64 12.35 .20 .33 .29 49 89 66 9.23 16.18 14.05 INDUSTRIES 1. 67 .97 I MANUFACTURING N 17 9 ACCIDENTS Slaughtering and meat-packing: 192 6 _______ 192 7 ______________________________ Stamped and enameled ware: 192 5 _______ 192 6 _____ __________________________ 192 7 Steam fittings, apparatus, and supplies: 192 5 192 6 192 7 _____ ______________________ :Stoves: 192 5 _____ ___________ 192 6 1927__________________________________ Structural-iron work: 192 5 ________ ____________________ 192 6 _______ 1927— . ________ ______________________ 1.44 3.88 3.41 OJ Oi T a b l e 5 . — Number of accidents and accident frequency and severity rates in specified States, 1925, 1926, and 1927, by industry— Continued 00 Accidents for States reporting all disabilities extending beyond day of injury— Continued [Where no figures are shown no accidents occurred. California reported no tem porary disabilities, and Pennsylvania reported none for 1925 and 1926] Death Fullyear workers Sever Frequen ity rate cy rate (per (per 1,000 1,000,000 hours’ hours’ ex exposure) posure) N um ber of cases Sever Frequen ity rate cy rate (per (per 1,000 1,000,000 hours’ hours’ ex exposure) posure) N um ber of cases Total Temporary disability Sever Frequen ity rate cy rate (per (per 1,000 1,000,000 hours’ hours’ ex exposure) posure) Num ber of cases Num ber of cases Sever Frequen ity rate cy rate (per (per 1,000 1,000,000 hours’ hours’ ex exposure) posure) 4 8 9 4, 5, 816 i 5, 980 ! 1 C6 f.3 46 2. 73 3.33 2. 05 7.09 18 14 25 49.11 46. 67 82. 44 1.36 .70 1. 39 19 15 25 51.84 50.00 82.44 3.41 7. 79 1,39 18 15 36 1.41 .86 2.01 1.11 .52 1.19 345 625 794 27. 04 35. 92 44. 26 .40 .61 .64 363 643 834 28.45 36.95 46.49 1. 51 2.16 3.17 1 5.00 . 17 1 5.00 .17 10 20.00 72.47 3. 55 3.09 12 10 30.60 72.47 30. 76 3.09 r.4 C4 1 1 1 1 1 3 4 1.C3 1.34 0.17 i | 2 10.00 27. 21 i 1 0 Kansas 3 Brick: 1927 _ ■ Chemicals: 1927 Flour: 1927_ _______ ______________________ J Foundry and machine-shop products: 1927 1 Furniture- 1927 ' Paper and pu<p: 1927 __ ! Petroleum refining' 1927 1 Slaughtering and meat packing: 1927. __ _ . . . _! Structural-iron work: 1927 i 1 8 3 1 44 ; 2 1 1 1 S 367 459 l,5.r3 250 11 140 303 7,770 428 I I ! | 2 ! 1 ' ______ 1 1 i ! ! . , 1 ! i i 2.57 j __ _ 0. 43 I 1 1 2 1 1 | 0. 72 .43 0. 22 .26 2.37 .71 1.10 _________I 1 6 .26 | .11 28 25 108 ! ! 25. 41 18.14 23.18 21.30 0.32 .19 .34 .41 28 26 112 16 25.41 18.86 24.04 21.30 0.32 .11 3.17 .41 14 ! 45 ' 533 | 44 33. 24 49.45 22. 87 34. 27 .37 .41 .27 .52 15 46 539 44 35. 61 50. 55 23.13 34. 27 1.08 7.00 .38 .52 16 ACCIDENTS | i 122 113 101 1 1 ! I i I 1 1 1 INDUSTRIAL Paper and pulp: 1925 1926 _ 1927 Slaughtering and meat packing: 1925 192 6 1927 . . . . _______ ______________________ Stoves: 1926 1927 Structural-iron work: 1925 1926 _______________________________ ... 1927 __ O F Iowa— Continued STATISTICS Num ber of estab lish ments Industry and year Permanent disability Kentucky 537 333 263 5 4 10 3.12 4.01 12.50 0.93 3.16 14.00 70 30 35 43. 75 30.05 43.75 0.55 .86 1.00 75 34 45 46.87 34.06 56. 25 1.48 4.02 15.00 536 584 1 3 .63 1.71 .47 2.88 24 21 15.00 12.00 .24 .16 25 24 15.63 13.71 .71 3.04 329 302 2 2 2.00 2.20 .61 .66 33 57 33.00 62.83 .36 .86 35 59 35.00 65.03 .97 1.52 640 206 10 5 5. 26 8.09 5.60 9.47 87 79 45. 79 127. 87 .78 1.96 97 84 51.05 135.96 6. 38 11.43 324 284 1 1 1.00 1.17 .31 .35 6 6 6.00 7.05 .11 .14 7 7 7.00 8.22 .42 .49 1 3.62 2. 72 5 11 16. 67 39.86 .22 .80 5 12 16.67 43.48 . 22 3.52 S23 £19 14 20 5.60 8.14 1.94 5. 72 198 100 79. 20 40. 70 1.87 1.40 212 122 84.80 49. 65 3. 81 12.00 216 252 1 2 1.67 2. 64 6.17 .79 64 44 106. 67 58.15 1.11 .59 65 46 108.34 60. 79 7. 28 1. 38 3, 257 3, 744 3 2 .31 .18 .32 .05 718 573 73. 26 51.01 .71 .46 721 575 73. 57 51.19 1.03 . 51 27 1 54. 00 6.05 .98 .33 27 1 54.00 6.05 .98 ! 33 151 55 Maine Carriages and wagons: 1 1926__________ Cotton goods: 192 6 192 7 Foundry and machine-shop products: 192 6 192 7 ______ _______________ Furniture: 192 6 192 7 ________ _________ _____ _ 47 1 10.00 12. 82 15 150.00 1.31 16 160.00 14.13 6 6 6,046 6,155 7 14 .39 .76 .52 .99 279 288 15. 41 15.60 .26 .29 286 302 15. 80 16. 36 .78 1.28 2 2 288 194 3 1 3.33 1. 72 2.49 1.03 86 33 95. 56 56. 82 .78 1.03 90 34 100.00 58.54 10. 21 2.06 1 1 156 150 6 9 12.00 20.03 . 15 !7Q 6 9 12.00 20! 03 . 15 . ‘ 70 1 1 i This industry group has been discontinued. 1.11 6. 94 2 Record is for six months only (July to December), dV 1 ACCIDENTS IN MANIJFACTUIUNG INDUSTRIES Agricultural implements: 192 6 _______ ____________ 192 7 Carriages and wagons: 1 1926____________ Cotton goods: 192 6 192 7 Flour: 192 6 192 7 Foundry and machine-shop products: 192 6 192 7 Furniture: 192 6 192 7 Leather: 192 6 192 7 Lumber— Planing mills: 192 6 192 7 Slaughtering and meat packing: 192 6 192 7 Steam fittin gs, apparatus, and supDlies: 192 6 1 _____ 192 7 Stoves: 192 6 192 7 T a b le 5 . — Number of accidents and accident frequency and severity rates in specified Slates, 1925, 1926, and 1927, by industry— Continued 00 Accidents for States reporting all disabilities extending beyond day of injury— -Continued [Where no figures are shown no accidents occurred. California reported no temporary disabilities, and Pennsylvania reported none for 1925 and 1926] Death N um ber of estab lish ments Fullyear workers N um ber of cases Sever Frequen ity rate cy rate (per (per 1,000 1,000,000 hours’ hours’ ex exposure) posure) N um ber of cases Sever Frequen ity rate cy rate (per (per 1,000 1,000,000 hours’ hours’ ex exposure) posure) Temporary disability N um ber of cases Sever Frequen ity rate cy rate (per (per 1,000 1,000,000 hours’ hours’ ex exposure) posure) Total N um ber of cases Sever Frequen ity rate cy rate (per (per 1,000 1,000,000 hours’ hours’ ex exposure) posure) 52 48 4 5 209 237 5 4 3.745 2,897 3 4 1.746 3, 545 2. 51 6. 52 7 14 23.33 50. 70 0.59 .57 8 15 26.66 54.32 3.10 7.09 2 4 3.33 3. 62 10.00 27.93 .19 .59 2 4 10.00 27.93 .19 .59 1 .58 3.45 .42 38 26 63.33 36.45 .96 1.00 38 27 63.33 37.86 .96 1.42 9 10 .80 1.15 .52 1.28 522 259 46.61 29.80 .84 .66 531 274 47.41 31.53 1.36 5.39 1 5 1.41 .09 .03 50 78 9.61 7. 33 .21 .13 50 79 9.61 7.42 .21 .16 Maryland Automobile tires: 1926 ...................................................- ............‘........... 1927 ...........................- ..................- ............................ Boots and shoes: 1925 1926 1927 _________ _______ ________ Brick: 1925 1926 ........................................................................... 1927................................................................................ 1 1 1,907 1, 730 7 7 ' 7 1.05 1.16 850 962 1,015 5 5 5 470 537 444 1 0.16 .19 .63 3. 78 2 1 0.08 .19 0.10 .06 156 134 27.49 25. 82 0.39 .50 159 136 27.73 26.20 1.54 1.72 3 1 1 .99 .39 54 34 46 21.14 11.73 15.11 .44 .27 .22 54 34 49 21.14 11.73 16.10 .44 .27 .61 1 1 .63 .75 1.11 .38 52 56 46 36.88 35.00 34.53 .99 .62 .60 52 58 47 36.88 36.26 35.28 .99 5.52 .98 ACCIDENTS 1 1 1 1 100 92 INDUSTRIAL 1 1 O F Maine— Continued Hardware: 1926 -................................. 1927 Lumber— Planing mills: 1926 ..................................... 1927 Lumber— Sawmills: 1926 - -1927 ....................................................... ............ Paper and pulp: 1926 _____________ _________________ 1927 ..................................................................... Woolen goods: 1926 ___________ ______ - ................ 1927 . ..................................................... STATISTICS Industry and year Permanent disability 1,330 1,768 1,763 2 3 3 851 1,045 1,039 5 8 714 821 2 4 4 29 76 . 68 6 .48 1.22 2.80 7.31 4. 89 1. 52 20.00 .04 .11 1.49 45 69 81 11.28 13.01 15.32 .32 .41 5.23 1.09 2.04 30 41 37 11.75 13.23 11.87 .24 .28 .26 30 48 44 11.75 15.49 14.11 .24 1.37 2.30 .48 2.03 .23 3.09 112 116 53. 33 47.09 1.18 1.12 114 124 54. 29 50.34 4. 21 11.52 8.48 3 14 12 33.94 70.00 58.63 .90 1.19 1.09 4 14 13 45. 25 70.00 63.52 9.38 1.19 30. 41 1. 52 2.11 3. 35 .61 .63 155 17 18 39. 22 34.00 38.03 .64 .56 .60 162 18 19 40.99 36.00 40.14 5. 53 1.17 1.23 29.32 .25 6 .25 .30 .34 11.31 3.40 .04 11.03 12.64 13.62 2.26 2.24 .57 20.00 44 67 72 .25 .37 1.13 10 1 1 1,317 165 158 7 10 11 422 649 768 1.50 3.04 .85 2.34 30 34 29 23.72 17. 89 12.59 .58 .31 .21 30 37 36 23.72 19.47 15.63 .58 1.16 2.55 4 4 4 1,051 1,012 1,151 .63 .33 1.74 .19 .79 1.39 65 78 85 20. 61 26. 33 24. 62 .31 .56 .56 67 79 91 21.24 26.66 26.36 .50 1.35 1. 95 4 4 569 548 1.18 .61 3.05 2.44 14 17 8.23 10.34 .30 .15 16 18 9.41 10.95 3. 35 2.59 5 8 8 1 272 C07 538 20 1.23 1.78 3.68 .76 3. 59 38 50 42 2 46. 55 27.78 26.00 33.17 1.15 .79 .66 1.18 39 54 45 2 47.78 30.11 27.86 33.17 4.83 4.84 4.25 1.18 1 2 1,083 1, 313 .18 .69 56 82 17.50 20.81 .59 .39 58 86 18.13 21.83 .77 1.08 2 2 189 154 12 11 20.00 23. 79 .51 .62 12 11 20.00 23. 79 .51 .62 2 3 2 546 1,045 7G0 .63 1. 91 4.22 .18 2.52 3.33 36 34 134 22. 50 10.84 56.54 .68 .28 .95 37 40 144 23.13 12. 75 60.76 .86 2.80 4.28 1 3 4 187 °47 766 1.79 1.79 3.48 .54 2.11 1.37 6 43 2.14 18.72 .05 . 56 1 11 51 1.79 3.93 22.20 .54 2.16 1.93 2.00 1.86 .63 1.02 INDUSTRIES 96 5 8 9 I MANUFACTUBING N i This industry group has been discontinued. 2 ACCIDENTS Carriages and wagons: 1 1926................. Chemicals: 1925_________ _______ ______ ________ 1926.................................. ........................ 1927___________ _____ _______ _______ Electrical machinery: 192 5 ________ _____ _______ 192 6 .............................................. .. 192 7 _______ _______ _____ ____ Fertilizers: 192 6 ____________ 192 7 _____ Flour: 192 5 _________________ _________ 192 6 _____ _____________ 192 7 Foundry and machine-shop products: 192 5 _____________________ 192 6 ________ _______ 192 7 _______ Furniture: 192 5 192 6 192 7 Glass: 192 5 192 6 _____ ______________________ 192 7 Leather: 192 6 _________ ________ 192 7 ______ ________ Lumber— Planing mills: 192 5 192 6 192 7 Lumber— Sawmills: 1925______________ Paper and pulp: 192 6 _____ _________________ 192 7 Pottery: 192 6 _____ ________ 192 7 _______ ______ Shipbuilding, steel: 192 6 _________ _____________ 192 7 Slaughtering and meat packing: 1927. Stamped and enameled ware: 1925________________________________ 1626________________________________ 1S27________________________________ CO o T able 5.— Number of accidents and accident frequency and severity rates in specified States, 1925, 1926, and 1927, by industry Continued ^ Accidents for States reporting all disabilities extending beyond day of injury— Continued [Where no figures are shown no accidents occurred. California reported no temporary disabilities, and Pennsylvania reported none for 1925 and 1826] Industry and year N um ber of estab lish ments Fullvear workers Sever Frequen ity rate cy rate (per N um "(per 1,000 ber of 1,000,000 hours’ cases hours’ ex exposure) posure) Sever Frequen ity rate cy rate (per Num (per 1,000 ber of 1,000,000 hours’ cases hours’ ex exposure) posure) Total Temporary disability Permanent disability Num ber of cases Sever Frequen ity rate cy rate (per (per 1,000 1,000,000 hours’ hours’ ex exposure) posure) N um ber of cases Sever Frequen ity rate cy rate (per (per 1,000 1,000,000 hours’ hours’ ex exposure) posure) O F Maryland-—Continued _ ____________________ 235 219 2 2 377 459 1 0.91 0.66 5 6 3 4.18 5.45 1.92 0.14 .21 .05 5 7 3 4.18 6. 36 1.92 0.14 .87 . 05 2 1 2. 86 1. 52 .85 2. 74 11 20 15. 71 30. 47 .31 .37 14. 21 20.00 31.99 9.68 3.11 1 1 .91 .73 .66 .22 20 25 18.18 18.16 .28 .37 21 26 19.09 18.89 .94 . 59 521 1 1 s ! | 399 1.43 1 8.51 i Massachusetts Automobile tires: 1926 1927 - - Boots and shoes: 1926 - _ - _ 1927 . _________________________ _____ Brick: 1095 1Q 27 Carpets: 1Q 9fi 1Q27 Cotton goods: 1926____________________________________________ 4 3 28 32 1 2 2, 765 0.31 .74 0. 39 .45 120 142 9. 23 11.60 0.27 .30 124 151 9. 54 12. 34 0. 66 . 75 4 4 .12 . 10 .05 .16 81 177 2. 51 4. 36 .05 .10 85 182 2. 63 4.48 . 10 .41 13. 33 47. 50 .09 1. 37 4 10 13. 33 47. 50 .09 1. 37 19 13 4. 31 1.57 .08 .03 19 13 4.31 1. 57 .OS .03 366 1,205 5.41 14.47 .33 .33 371 1, z2S 5.48 14. 74 .20 . 55 93 70 3 3 4 9 4 10 __________ !_________ 4.323 _______1 i 4,079 !_______ ’ 1 ! ! 10,772 . 15 1 0.02 13,529 ! 30 25 | ! ! 5 22 .07 , 26 .07 * 15 , ACCIDENTS 3 1 3 INDUSTRIAL Stoves: 1925 199Q 1927 Structural-iron work: 1926 1927 Woolen goods: 1926 1927 STATISTICS Death 2 1 .07 .04 .42 .26 18 18 .63 .79 .38 .46 589 524 20. 52 23.10 .45 .61 609 543 21.22 23.93 1.25 1.33 21 20 6,504 4,946 2 .10 .62 5 9 .26 .61 .14 .30 206 335 10. 56 22.58 .27 .53 213 344 10.92 23.19 1.03 .83 5 6 624 717 2 .93 .42 11 18 5.79 8.37 .19 .15 11 20 5.79 9.30 .19 .57 13 17 4,251 4,451 2 .16 .94 2 2 .16 .15 .05 .04 125 333 9. 77 24.94 .23 .38 129 335 10.09 25.09 1.22 .42 15 13 4,917 4,475 1 .07 .40 2 1 .14 .07 .06 .04 70 129 4.73 9.61 .09 .20 73 130 4.94 9.68 .55 .24 13 12 6,008 5,539 5 4 .28 .24 .34 .10 208 368 11.56 22.15 .24 .48 213 372 11.84 22.39 .58 .58 5 6 1,500 1, 524 2 .44 .13 57 138 12.66 30.19 .23 .59 57 140 12.66 30.63 .23 .72 3 2 943 673 3 1 1.07 .50 1.17 1.48 64 59 22. 86 29.22 .34 .51 67 60 23.93 29. 72 1.51 1.99 2 3 246 257 1 1.30 .39 25 12.86 32.44 .30 .87 9 26 12.86 33. 74 ” .30 1.26 2 1 2,777 1,859 2 .24 .07 61 20 7. 35 3. 58 .26 .12 63 20 7.59 3.58 .33 .12 20 74 35 7. 53 38.95 9.24 0.08 .61 .12 24 81 39 9. 03 42.63 10.29 5.16 4.61 2.18 20 28 6 7 1 9. 52 9. 57 34.90 70.00 43.17 .12 .08 .33 2.35 2.37 20 29 6 8 1 9. 52 9.91 34.90 80.00 43.17 .12 .34 .33 6.03 2.37 191 156 137 18.49 20.00 18.48 .25 .52 .35 201 167 146 19.46 21.41 19.69 3.09 4.58 1.61 9 Minnesota Agricultural implements: 1925 .............................................................................. 1926 ____ _ ______ 1927............................... .................................. ............... Boots and shoes: 1926 ___ ____ 1927 _____ . . _ ___________ Brick: 1925 ___ __ ________ ______ Carriages and wagons: 1 1926.................................. Electrical machinery: 1925 Flour: 1925 ___________________________________________ 1926____________________________________________ 1927____________________________________________ i This industry group has been discontinued. 5 3 3 886 645 1,262 3 4 1 1 1 693 975 57 27 8 19 22 22 3, 443 2,596 2,471 2 0. 75 4. 52 1 .26 1.58 2. 32 3.08 .81 0.56 4.00 .48 .34 .26 1 .39 .51 .13 0. 75 3.68 .79 1 4 4 1 2 7 3 10.00 3.68 .58 .90 1.08 .52 .98 .45 6 7 8 , INDUSTRIES 9,551 7,560 I MANUFACTURING N 11 9 ACCIDENTS Electrical machinery: 1926 ................................................................. 1927.. _______________________________________ Foundry and machine-shop products: 1926 _______________________________________ 1927 ________________________ _______ Furniture: 1926 ......................... .......................................... 1927 _______ __________________ ________ Leather: 1926 ______ ___________________________ _______ Iy27 ........................................................................... Machine tools: 1926 __________ _______________________ 1927 ................... ............................................ Paper and pulp: i926 ___________ _______________ _______ ____ __________ 1927 Steam fittings, apparatus, and supplies: .................................. 1926 1927 _________ _____ ________ ______ Stoves: 1926 ....................... .......................................... 1927_ _________________ _________ _________ Structural-iron work: 1926 .................................................................... 1927_ W oolen goods: 1926__________ ________ _________ _____ _________ 1927......................................................................... T a b l e 5 . — Number of accidents and accident frequency and severity rates in specified States, 1925, 1926, and 1927, by industry— Continued ^ Accidents for States reporting all disabilities extending beyond day of injury— Continued [Where no figures are shown no accidents occurred. California reported no temporary disabilities, and Pennsylvania reported none for 1925 and 1S26] Death | N um ber of estab lish ments Sever Sever Frequen Frequen Fullity rate ity rate cy rate cy rate year (per (per Num •Num (per (per workers ber of 1,000 1,000 ber of 1,000,000 1,000,000 hours’ cases hours’ cases hours’ hours’ ex ex exposure) exposure) posure) posure) N um ber of cases Sever Frequen ity rate cy rate (per (per 1,000 1,000,000 hours’ hours’ j ex exposure) | posure) Num ber of cases Sever Frequen ity rate cy rate (per (per 1,000 1,000,000 hours’ hours’ ex exposure) posure) ! STATISTICS Industry and year Total Temporary disability Permanent disability Minnesota — Continued i 9 5 6 8 9 9 1i 1, 282 897 1,061 634 1,002 918 ! i 1 ! 1.56 2. 23 1. 89 4 5 6 1. 04 1.85 1.89 1. 25 2. 27 .66 70 104 69 IS. 20 38. 52 21.69 0.41 1.18 .40 75 110 76 19. 50 40. 74 23.89 3. 22 5.68 2.95 .36 2.18 8 4 10 4. 20 1.33 3. 63 2. 76 1. 76 1.80 38 93 70 19.97 31.00 25. 42 .36 .60 .44 46 97 81 24.17 32.33 29.41 3.12 2.36 4.42 5 3 3.13 2.68 3.15 2. 59 2 25 9 1. 45 15. 63 8. 05 .01 .36 .35 2 30 13 1.45 18. 76 11.62 .01 3. 51 8. 31 i 1 ; 4 5 5 458 523 373 1 i .89 5. 37 5 5 5 2. 228 1,988 1,995 1 I 9 6 . 15 1.50 1.00 .90 9. 05 6. 01 5 25 29 .75 4.17 4.84 .96 6. 81 3. 87 123 756 571 18.40 126.00 95. 38 .50 3. 29 2.92 129 790 606 19.30 131.67 101. 22 2. 36 19.15 12.80 3 3 3 1,132 1,072 1,231 1 2 I .29 .63 .27 1. 77 3.73 1. 62 7 7 8 2.06 2.19 2.17 2.12 1. 07 2.14 149 267 189 43.89 83. 44 51.16 . 1.00 .78 1. 03 157 276 198 46.24 86.26 53. 60 4.67 5.83 4.76 2 5 6 3, 236 3,902 3,641 3 .31 1.85 3 .27 1.65 22 35 32 2. 27 2.99 2.93 2.94 2. 86 2.55 5. 33 1, 077 574 54.91 92.05 52.55 .91 1.15 .80 558 1,112 609 57.49 95.04 55.75 5.70 4.01 5.00 1 1 1 26 27 24 1 13. 70 8. 22 2 2 1 25. 55 24. 69 13. 70 .40 .47 .75 2 2 2 25. 55 24.69 27.40 .40 .47 8.97 2 2 304 360 7 9 7.77 8.33 7.84 3.61 32 31 35. 55 28. 71 .81 .41 39 40 43.33 37.04 8.65 4.02 i ! i ! ACCIDENTS 0.26 j .37 .31 INDUSTRIAL O F Foundry and machine-shop products: 1925_______________________________________ _____ 1926____________________________________________ 1927______________ ___________________________ Furniture: 1925 ................................. 1926 _ _ __ _______________ 1927____________________________________________ Lumber— Planing mills: 1925 1926 _ 1927__________________________________________ Lum ber— Sawmills: 1925____________________________________________ 1926 ___________________________________________ 1927 - __________________________________ ______ Paper and pulp: 1925 ______________________ _______ _____________ 1926 ___________________________________________ f 1927 _______________________ ______ ________ ____ Slaughtering and meat packing: 1925____________________________________________ 1926 _ . .. _____________________________ 1927 ___________________________________________ Steam fittings, apparatus, and supplies: 1925 1926 1927 ____________________ _____ _ Stoves: 1926 1927_____________________ ________ ______ _______ Structural-iron work: 1925________ ______ 192 6 ......................... 1927.......................... 2 2 2 354 372 546 2 1.88 11.29 1 .61 3.66 1 1 1 0.94 .91 .61 1.13 .53 1.83 6 32 37 5.65 29.09 22.58 0.27 .48 .33 9 33 39 8.47 30.00 23.80 12.69 1.01 5.82 13 51 32.50 20.91 0.14 .40 13 53 32.50 21.73 0.14 5.32 271 256 63.75 84.60 0.26 .70 51 65 63.75 84.60 0.26 .70 118 50.00 36.10 .96 .23 20 11 50.00 36.10 .96 .23 61.43 52.59 .85 .97 45 41 64.29 52.59 14.64 .97 80.00 56.18 2.71 .90 40 80.00 60.74 2.71 2.27 34.31 36.03 541 559 35.36 36.49 2.54 1.16 50.00 27.01 25 11 50.00 27.01 .91 .43 Montana 2 2 121 813 2 0.82 4.92 Nebraska 102 218 260 13.79 207 220 4.56 5,098 5,106 .85 1.00 .32 525 552 166 136 5 5 11,345 13, 519 3 3 1 1 0.09 .20 0.03 .27 373 414 10.97 10.21 0.23 .20 376 424 11.06 10.46 0.26 .77 1,046 933 103 121 .32 .71 .57 78 52 19 25.16 18.57 61.49 .29 .26 .27 79 54 19 25.48 19.28 61.49 .86 .64 .27 1 1 367 365 .91 1.83 .27 . 55 76 50 69.09 45.66 .93 1.19 77 52 70.00 47.49 1.20 1.74 5 4 2, 392 741 104 41 14.44 18.45 .45 .21 105 41 14.58 18.45 INDUSTRIES New Hampshire Cotton goods: 192 6 _____ _ 192 7 ______ ____________ Foundry and machine-shop products: 192 6 192 7 Furniture: 1926_________ ______________ Lumber— Planing mills: 1927............... Paper and pulp: 192 6 192 7 Woolen goods: 192 6 _____ ________ _______ _____ 192 7 .................................. I MANTJFACTTJRING N Agricultural implements: 192 6 ................................................. 192 7 ......................................... Brick: 192 6 ______ _______ ________ _ 192 7 ........................................... Flour: 192 6 ________ _______ _ 192 7 Foundry and machine-shop products: 192 6 192 7 _____ _ Slaughtering and meat packing: 192 6 ________ ___________________ 192 7 Structural-iron work: ______ ________________ 192 6 192 7 ACCIDENTS Flour: 1926.................. ........ Lumber— sawmills: 1926. 1.28 .21 0.30 .83 00 T a b l e 5 . — Number of accidents and accident frequency and severity rates in specified States, 1925, 1926, and 1927, by industry— Continued Accidents for States reporting all disabilities extending beyond day of injury— Continued [Where no figures are shown no accidents occurred. California reported no temporary disabilities, and Pennsylvania reported none for 1925 and 1926] Industry and year Num ber of estab lish ments Fullyear workers Permanent disability Sever Frequen ity rate cy rate (per N um (per 1,000 ber of 1,000,000 hours’ cases hours’ ex exposure) posure) Sever Frequen ity rate cy rate (per N um (per ber of 1,000 1,000,000 hours’ cases hours’ ex exposure) posure) Total Temporary disability Num ber of cases Sever Frequen ity rate cy rate (per (per 1,000 1,000,000 hours’ hours’ ex exposure) posure) Num ber of cases Sever Frequen ity rate cy rate (per (per 1,000 1,000,000 hours’ hours’ ex exposure) posure) O F New York 1,764 10, 221 17, 696 1, 552 8,339 1,729 1, 490 19,047 126 1,224 13,411 3, 916 266 1,824 3,080 1, 374 6,155 1,141 260 2,333 2,452 576 1, 723 403 616 917 1 4 0.19 .13 1.13 .78 2 1 1 .43 .04 . 19 2.58 .24 1.16 6 . 11 .63 1 11 1 .27 .27 .09 1. 63 1.64 .51 1 1 .18 .11 1.10 .65 7 .38 2. 27 1 2 .14 .27 .85 1. 63 10 77 60 14 10 10 1 111 1 9 186 30 3 8 32 14 87 10 1 22 28 11 10 2 2 2 1.89 2.51 1.13 3.01 .40 1.93 .22 1.94 2.64 2.45 4. 62 2.55 3.76 1. 46 3.46 3.40 4. 71 2.92 1.28 3.14 3.81 6.36 1. 93 1.64 1.08 .73 2.30 41 316 1.79 .89 459 3. 03 134 .35 59 1. 75 31 35 . 17 2.04 657 10.56 7 44 3.11 4. 55 654 106 2.39 4.88 6 .99 115 169 4. 79 3. 52 55 5. 02 485 2. 54 73 .38 4.23 .........73" 185 4. 44 4.28 47 108 1.43 22 2.71 .32 31 12 1. 31 7.75 10. 31 8.65 28.78 2. 36 5.97 7.83 11.50 18.48 11.99 16.25 9.02 7.51 21.02 18.29 13.34 26.26 21.31 0.23 .39 .17 .99 .12 .17 .19 .50 .45 .52 .76 .30 .60 .55 .65 .44 .81 .98 io." 43~ 25.14 27.18 20.89 18.08 16.78 4.36 1.07 1.12 .69 1.01 1.07 .19 52 397 519 150 70 42 36 774 8 54 851 137 9 124 202 69 579 83 1 96 215 58 118 24 33 14 9.82 12.95 9. 78 32.22 2.80 8.09 8.05 13. 55 21.12 14. 71 21.14 11.66 11.26 22.66 21.86 16.74 31. 35 24.23 1.28 13. 71 29.22 33.54 22.82 19.72 17.86 5.09 3. 66 2.96 1.06 6.60 .71 3.08 .36 3.17 11.01 5.26 6.95 3.20 5.48 2.64 6.00 3. 96 8.10 3.52 .38 5.56 7.14 5.40 2.12 3.72 1.39 1.50 ACCIDENTS 4 17 10 14 5 8 2 11 2 4 23 20 1 9 19 9 19 2 1 4 6 2 6 3 5 3 INDUSTRIAL Agricultural implements: 1927___________________ Automobiles: 1927_________________________________ Boots and shoes: 1927 _ . _____ ________ __ Brick: 1927...................................... .................................... Carpets: 1927_______ ___________________ __________ Chemicals: 1£27................................................................. Cotton goods: 1927___ ___________________ ______ __ Electrical machinery: 1927_____ __________________ Fertilizers: 1927___________________________________ Flour: 1927______________ ________ _________________ Foundry and machine-shop products: 1927______ Furniture: 1927.................................................................. Hardware: 1927 _____________ Leather: 1 9 2 7 ..___________________ _____ ___________ Lumber— Planing mills: 1927.......... ............................ Machine tools: 1927 ____________________ Paper and pulp: 1927...................................................... Petroleum refining: 1927 Pottery 1927 Shipbuilding steel: 1927___________________________ Slaughtering and meat packing: 1927____________ Stamped and enameled ware: 1927 Steam fittings, apparatus, and supplies: 1927-----Stoves* 1927 -- __________ Structural-iron work: 1927 Woolen goods: 1927 _____________________________ STATISTICS Death North Dakota 3 2 58 44 2 1 2 1 1 1 1 30 4 150.00 30.45 3.66 .55 31 5 155.00 38.06 37.99 31.00 34 7 4 40.00 .26 4 40.00 .26 45 33 70 26 20 19 192. 59 200.32 89.91 2.98 1.06 1.24 26 20 19 192. 59 200. 32 89.91 2. 98 1.06 1.24 34. 33 30. 45 5.00 7. 61 ACCIDENTS 3 6 9 0 4 ° — 2 9 -------------- 4 Brick: 1926................................................................................. 1927................................................................................ Flour: 1926................................................................................. 1927____________________________________________ Foundry and machine-shop products: 1926................................................................................ 1927..................................................................... Slaughtering and meat packing: 1927____________ Ohio 1.24 7.43 1 .22 1.34 9 5 5 2.78 1. 09 1.12 3.02 ~ . 94 .87 181 152 228 56.00 33.04 50.89 0.90 .37 .74 194 157 234 60.02 34.13 52. 23 11. 35 1.31 2.95 2,202 14,122 14,351 4 1 .09 .02 .57 .14 5 59 10 .76 1.39 .23 1. 50 1.19 2.23 137 1,016 471 20. 73 23.96 10.94 .35 .38 .18 142 1,079 482 21.49 25.44 11.19 1.85 2.14 2.55 12 8 18 14,888 11, 721 22,543 3 2 6 .07 .06 .09 .40 .34 .53 52 26 47 1.16 .71 .69 1.06 .54 .59 2,962 2, 637 3,341 66. 32 74. 91 49.40 .74 .95 .87 3,017 2,665 3,394 67. 55 75. 68 50.18 2.20 1.83 1.99 2 2 2,352 2,849 1 , 14 .85 1 .14 .09 181 121 25.49 14.15 .18 .21 183 121 25. 77 14.15 1.12 .21 9. 12 19 1 5 2,542 2,496 2,835 17 574 2 2 4 .26 .27 .47 1.57 1.60 2.82 3 4 6 .39 .53 .71 .84 .74 .58 426 413 423 55.86 55.07 49. 73 .62 .90 .66 431 419 433 56.51 55.87 50.91 3.03 3.24 4.06 30 17. 43 .33 30 17.43 .33 17 12 21 3, 560 3,637 10,612 7 8 23 .66 .73 .72 .81 .40 .63 305 190 530 28. 56 17.43 16.65 .22 .23 .24 312 198 553 29. 22 18.16 17. 37 1.03 .63 .87 3 12 255 527 1 1.25 .78 27 48 33. 75 30.36 .55 .38 28 48 35.00 30.36 1.33 .38 1 6 38 195 1 I- 71 2.57 11 80.00 18. 83 .70 .37 8 12 80.00 20. 54 .70 2. 94 13 10 12 1,077 1,537 1,494 5 13 17 ____ 1 8 INDUSTRIES i This industry group has been discontinued. 4 I MANUFACTURING N Agricultural implements: 1925__________ ______ _________________ ________ _ 1926_______________ _____ ______________ ________ 1927____________________________________________ Automobiles: 1925___________________________________ 1926_________________________________ 1927____________________________________ _____ _ Automobile tires: 1925______________________ _ 1926_______________________ 1927________________________________ Boots and shoes: 1926_________________________ _____ 1927____________________________________ Brick: 1925_________ ______ 1926______________________________________ . . . . 1927____________________________________________ Carriages and wagons: 1 1926______________________ Chemicals, 1927____ __ ....................... Electrical machinery: 1925__________ _____ __________________ 1926____________________________________________ 1927.............................................................................. Fertilizer: 1926________________________ ___________________ 1927_____________ ___________________ __________ Flour: 1926__________________________________ ______ _ 1927____________________ _____ - .............................. Ox T a b le 5 .— Number of accidents and accident frequency and severity rates in specified States, 1925, 1926, and 1927, by industry— Continued ^ Accidents for States reporting all disabilities extending beyond day of injury— Continued [Where no figures are shown no accidents occurred. California reported no temporary disabilities, and Pennsylvania reported none for 1925 and 1926] Fullyear workers N um ber of cases Sever Frequen ity rate cy rate (per (per 1,000 1,000,000 hours’ hours’ ex exposure) posure) Num ber of cases Sever Frequen ity rate cy rate (per (per 1,000 1,000,000 hours’ hours’ ex exposure) posure) Num ber of cases Sever Frequen ity rate cy rate (per (per 1,000 1,000,000 hours’ hours’ ex exposure) posure) Num ber of cases Sever Frequen ity rate cy rate (per (per 1,000 1,000,000 hours’ hours’ ex exposure) posure) O F Ohio— Continued 0.74 1.13 .81 0.46 1.12 .52 1,326 1,897 1,632 57.93 53.44 30.93 0.43 .67 .46 1,345 1,947 1,686 58. 76 54.85 31.95 1.41 3.48 2.23 8 1.46 1. 26 9 .94 . 57 77 15 210 14.09 10.00 21. 94 .29 .21 .28 85 15 220 15. 55 10.00 22.98 1. 55 .21 1.48 .89 2. 52 2 6 8 .43 .90 .48 .77 .73 .50 414 358 608 88.93 53.43 36. 49 .75 .62 .49 416 365 623 89.36 54.48 37.39 1. 52 2. 24 3.51 2.39 4 7 1.67 2. 79 .51 1. 55 68 104 28.33 41.46 .58 .82 72 112 30.00 44. 65 1.09 4. 76 1 1 1.11 1.02 1. 36 1.22 16 30 17.78 30.50 .34 .63 17 31 18.89 31.52 1.70 1.85 3 2.28 2.28 27 16 45 20. 53 14. 55 27.65 .33 .20 .51 31 16 45 23. 57 14. 55 27.65 7.17 .20 .51 1 10. 68 6.41 4 11 35.78 117. 52 .67 1. 55 5 12 44.72 128.20 54.33 7.96 2 13 11 .38 1.04 .69 .48 .65 .55 238 529 529 44.99 42. 66 33. 27 .37 .42 .44 240 543 543 45. 37 43. 78 34.15 .85 1. 55 2.12 0.52 1.69 1.25 1 .10 .63 1 7 .15 .42 1 .40 7,629 11,829 17, 590 15 8 27 1,821 496 3,191 5 6 14 1, 552 2,249 5,554 3 5 786 836 1 1 295 328 3 5 8 438 368 543 1 .76 4. 56 1 1 37 31 1 8.94 53.66 19 25 45 1,763 4,138 5,300 1 3 .08 .19 .48 1.13 ACCIDENTS 17 40 43 0.09 .28 .21 2 10 11 29 40 69 INDUSTRIAL Foundry and machine-shop products: 1925................................................................................. 1926 ........................................... ........................ 1927____________________________ _______________ Furniture: _____ ___ 1925 . 1926 1927.________ ______ ____________________________ Glass: 1925 1926 ____________________________________ 1927____________ _______________________________ Hardware: 1926 -- -- - --1927___ ______ __________________________________ Leather: 1926 . ............... 1927 ................. L u m ber-P lan in g mills: 1925. ____________ ______ _________ _______ 1926 1927 Lumber— Sawmills: 1926 1927 ............................... Machine tools: 1925 ___ 1926 ..................................................... 1927................................................................................. STATISTICS Industry and year Num ber of estab lish ments Total Temporary disability Permanent disability Death 3,501 4, 709 .29 . 14 169 168 4 6 .38 .42 .92 .52 251 443 23.90 31. 36 .27 .46 258 451 24. 57 31.92 2.90 1.83 1 1.71 .85 2.00 .59 29 20 58.00 39. 60 1. 32 1. 44 30 21 60.00 41.58 1.91 13.32 1 .28 .50 .32 .14 .74 .45 1.95 .83 4. 47 2.70 2 1 3 .28 .37 .45 .08 .22 .92 80 46 126 215 128 22.12 14. 84 17. 52 80. 07 19.18 .31 . 15 . 17 1.68 .27 81 47 129 218 134 22. 40 15.16 17. 94 81.18 20.08 .81 2.10 1.08 6.37 3.89 641 1,330 .25 1.50 2 7 11 .95 2. 85 2. 76 1.00 1.56 1.99 51 77 85 24. 34 29. 60 21.30 .28 .46 .37 53 84 97 25.29 32.45 24.31 1.28 2.02 3.86 2 1 3 1.00 .38 .14 .53 .68 .13 120 145 210 60.10 55. 05 9. 99 .82 .67 .15 122 146 215 61.10 55.43 10.23 1.35 1.35 .85 666 878 7,007 .10 1, 753 1,028 2,924 .11 .68 2 5 4 .38 1.61 .46 .48 1. 65 .90 275 79 428 52. 30 25.48 48. 79 .49 .38 .64 277 84 433 52.68 27.09 49. 36 .97 2.03 2.22 1, 419 378 2 202 .23 8.18 .61 1.41 47. 59 3.63 5 4 4 1.17 3.64 .61 1.20 2.12 .18 424 185 174 99. 57 168.18 26. 33 1.15 2.86 .43 430 198 182 100.97 180.00 27. 55 3.76 52.57 4.24 2 .32 .33 4 74 6. 66 11.79 .28 .17 4 76 6.66 12.11 .28 .50 137 61 480 142 105 56 701 40 1 2,657 209 844 206 414 27. 35 9. 70 21.19 5. 50 26. 23 11. 23 13. 32 8. 30 13. 07 26. 92 2.69 33. 01 21.25 39.31 26. 72 35.00 0. 38 .13 .26 .85 .33 .15 .21 .10 .23 .35 .03 .40 .26 .44 .30 . 45 46 213 140 62 489 144 106 60 735 40 1 2,720 218 849 210 421 30. 70 10.43 21.65 5. 59 26.72 11. 39 13. 45 8.90 13. 70 26. 92 2. 69 33. 79 22.16 39. 55 27. 24 35. 59 5.98 .48 .40 1.12 1.10 .36 .97 1.98 1.12 .35 .03 1. 73 1.08 1. 59 .56 1.61 , 213 2,093 I MANUFACTURING N 1,206 1,027 2,397 895 2, 225 ACCIDENTS Paper and pulp: 192 6 .................................................... 192 7 Petroleum refining: 192 6 _________ ________ 192 7 Pottery: 192 5 ______ _______ _______ ________ 192 6 192 7 Shipbuilding, steel: 1927________________ Slaughtering and meat packing: 1927.__ Stamped and enameled ware: 192 5 192 6 192 7 Steam fittings, apparatus, and supplies: 192 5 192 6 : ______________ 192 7 Stoves: 192 5 192 6 192 7 ___________________________ Structural-iron work: 192 5 192 6 192 7 Woolen goods: 192 6 _____ ____ 192 7 .................................. Pennsylvania 500 6,806 2,154 3,699 6,100 4, 217 2,627 2,246 17, 877 495 124 26, 830 3,279 7,156 2,570 3,943 1 0.68 4.00 2 .11 .66 1 2 4 .13 .30 .07 .76 1.78 .45 12 . 15 .89 4 . 19 1 .12 2 . 17 1 1. Cl 4 15 3 1 7 2 2. 67 .73 .46 .09 .38 .16 1.60 .35 .14 .27 .11 .21 2 30 .30 .56 .10 .44 51 9 1 4 5 .63 .91 .05 . 52 .42 .44 . 82 .03 . 25 . 15 INDUSTRIES Agricultural implements: 1927. ..................... . Automobiles: 1927................................................. Automobile tires: 1927-________ ____________ Boots and shoes: 1927______ ______ __________ Brick: 1927...... ......................................................... Carpets: 1927_________________ _____ _________ Chemicals: 1927. .................................................... Cotton goods: 1927____________ _______ ______ Electrical machinery: 1927_________________ _ Fertilizers: 1927___________ _______ ______ ___ Flour: 1927___________________________________ Foundry and machine shop products: 1927. Furniture: 1927______________________________ Glass: 1927___________________________________ Hardware: 1927______________________________ Leather: 1927......................................................... . T a b le 5. — Number of accidents and accident frequency and severity rates in specified States, 1925, 1926, and 1927, by industry— Continued Accidents for States reporting ail disabilities extending beyond day of injury— Continued {Where no figures are shown no accidents occurred. California reported no tem porary disabilities, and Pennsylvania reported none for 1925 and 1926] Death Fullyear workers Num ber of cases Sever Frequen ity rate cy rate (per (per 1,000 1,000,000 hours’ hours’ ex exposure) posure) N um ber of cases Sever Frequen ity rate cy rate (per (per 1,000 1,000,000 hours’ hours’ ex exposure) posure) Temporary disability Num ber of cases Total Sever Frequen ity rate cy rate (per (per 1,000 1,000,000 hours’ hours’ ex exposure) posure) Num ber of cases Sever Frequen ity rate cy rate (per (per 1,000 1,000,000 hours’ hours’ ex exposure) posure) O F Pennsylvania— Continued 621 330 854 2, 769 4,454 381 1, 607 1, 585 95 5,124 901 3,856 6,054 2.17 1. 35 3 5 1 4 3 1. 61 5. 05 .39 .48 . 22 0.48 1. 82 .29 .25 . 10 56 159 64 202 238 30. 07 160. 65 24. 97 24. 32 17.81 0.42 2. 21 .33 .32 . 26 59 165 65 209 244 31.68 166. 71 25. 36 25.16 18. 25 0.90 10.09 .62 2. 74 1.71 2. 49 3 .62 .50 8 .52 .22 6 4 .52 .22 .39 . 09 361 145 11 556 61 544 186 74. 84 30. 48 38. 65 36.17 22.58 47.02 10. 24 . 77 .36 .44 .40 .26 .54 .13 366 145 11 564 61 566 191 75. 89 20. 48 38. 65 36. 69 22. 58 48. 92 10. 52 3.76 .36 .44 .62 .26 9.23 .55 5 248 50.00 80.00 1.15 1. 05 5 259 50.00 83. 55 1.15 4.07 16.00 14. 69 | 1 0.33 [ . io ; 1 1.01 6. 06 3 3 .36 . 22 2 .41 ! 16 1 1. 38 .06 8.30 .33 South Dakota Brick* 1926 Flour' 1926 - - ______________________ Slaughtering and meat packing: 1926____________ 1 2 1 13 44 1,023 [ 1 1 .32 1. 95 10 3.23 1.07 Tennessee Agricultural implements: 1926 ____________ _____ _____ 1927...................................................................- ............ 1 2 1 329 113 1 2. 94 1 17.63 ! 4 1 i 1 4.00 2,94 ! 4. 61 .88 | 1 16 5 20 7 20.00 20. 57 ! I 4.94 18.67 ACC IDENTS 6 1 6 7 5 2 1 9 1 14 8 21 19 INDUSTRIAL Lumber— Planing mills: 1927 ___ __ __ _ _____ Lumber— Sawmills: 1927___________________ ______ _ _______ _ Machine tools: 1927 _ _ _ Paper and pulp: 1927. __________________________ Petroleum refining: 1927___ _______________________ Potterv: 1927 Shipbuilding, steel: 1927 _ __ _ _ _________ _ Slaughtering and meat packing: 1927 Stamped and enameled ware: 1927 _ _ Steam fittings, apparatus, and supplies: 1927 ___ Stoves: 1927 _______________________ Structural ironwork: 1927_________________________ Woolen goods: 1927.......................................................... STATISTICS Industry and year Num ber of estab lish ments Permanent disability Automobiles: 1926-............................................................................... 1927 .................................................. 8.00 1,657 195 118 2 2 49 45 3 3 3,175 3,146 3 5 218 200 3 5 248 302 1. 43 1.10 2 3 298 945 1. 76 5 5 910 837 1 1 40 5.17 46.20 34.08 15.00 .67 .83 .35 273 20 8 54. 60 34.08 20.00 8. 25 .83 2.04 111 132 11. 63 13. 99 .11 . 15 117 133 12.31 14.10 .38 .23 12 8 17.14 13. 33 .36 .51 12 8 17.14 13. 33 .36 .51 22 16 31.43 17.64 .23 .10 23 17 32. 86 18. 74 2. 65 .43 39 34 43. 33 11.99 .47 . 12 39 39 43. 33 13. 75 .47 2. 45 102 82 37. 78 29.15 ?30 .27 109 94 40. 37 33.42 1. 62 3. 20 210 176 10 12 16.67 22. 71 .22 . 17 10 12 16. 67 22.71 .22 .17 2 2 333 827 18 15 IS. 00 6.04 .36 .07 18 15 18.00 6.04 .36 .07 2 2 861 1,062 44 58 16. 92 17. 58 .29 .22 46 60 17.68 18.83 2. 72 2. 95 1 1 98 204 20 1 66. 67 1.64 .05 .02 21 1 70.00 1. 64 1.06 .02 1 1 212 214 7 5 11.67 7. 78 .05 .29 7 6 11. 67 9. 34 .05 3.09 3 3 319 350 2.00 .95 4. 49 .29 42 27 42.00 25. 69 .52 .30 44 28 44.00 26. 64 5.02 .59 4 4 879 926 1.15 2. 52 .91 1. 03 245 306 94. 23 110.17 1. 22 l! 24 248 313 95. 38 112. 69 2.13 2.27 1 1 252 128 13 8 16. 25 20. 76 .15 .13 13 8 16. 25 20. 76 .15 .13 Too’ 231 ! 20 j 6 j 1 i . 11 .63 .33 .31 2. 32 1. 83 2.59 4. 27 .33 .94 2. 42 .33 1. 32 2.93 . 11 .85 1.01 I MANUFACTURING N 7 12 .27 .13 ACCIDENTS INDUSTRIES Chemicals: ........................................................... 1926 1927. ____________ ______ ________________ Cotton goods: 192a ................................ 1927 ............... - ..................... Fertilizers: 1926. .......................................................................... 1927 ........... ....................... Flour: 1926 _________ ________________ ________ 1927-.. _________ _______________ _________ Foundry and machine-shop products: 1926 _ _ _____________________ 1927____________ _______________________________ Furniture: ................. ........... 1926 1927. _ _ _________________________ Glass: 1926________ ____ _________ ________ 1927____________________________________________ Lum ber— Planing mills: 1926. _________________________________________ 1927____________________________________________ Lum ber— Sawmills: 1926____________________________________________ 1927___________________________________________ _ Paper and pulp: 1926____________________________________________ 1927____________________________________________ Pottery: 1 9 2 6 -__________________________________________ 1927________ _______ ______________ ________ _____ Slaughtering and meat packing: 1926................................................................................. 1 9 2 7 ..._______________________ _________________ Stoves: 1926____ ________________ _______________________ 1927................................................................................. Woolen goods: 1926._______ ______________ _____ ________________ 1927................................................................................ 2. 41 2 1 3 This industry group has been discontinued. CO T a b le 5. — Number of accidents and accident frequency and severity rates in specified States, 1925} 1926 , and 1927, by industry— Continued g Accidents for States reporting all disabilities extending beyond day of injury— Continued [Where no figures are shown no accidents occurred. California reported no temporary disabilities, and Pennsylvania reported none for 1925 and 192G] Death N um ber of estab lish ments Fullyear workers N um ber of cases Sever Frequen ity rate cy rate (per (per 1,000 1,000,000 hours’ hours' ex exposure) posure) N um ber of cases Sever Frequen ity rate cy rate (per (per 1,000 1,000,000 hours’ hours’ ex exposure) posure) Num ber of cases Total Sever Frequen ity rate cy rate (per (per 1,000 1,000,000 hours’ hours’ ex exposure) posure) Num ber of cases Sever Frequen ity rate cy rate (per (per 1,000 1,000,000 hours’ hours’ ex exposure) posure) O F Texas 11 ! ! 433 ' ' " 1,449 ............ 1 " 117 .........1 ............... 1 ......... 1 """ ' 187 1 1 1, 340 1 0. 64 i 3.84 521 1.35 l 8.12 246 1 2.81 12 8, 538 .47 ! .51 ! 3.09 16 10, 367 .12 i .71 2, 832 1 7.21 277 1 1.20 | 1 0.69 1.15 1.24 1. 59 1 8 4 3 83 50 3 1 1. 78 1. 99 2.56 4.06 3. 24 1. 61 .35 1. 20 1. 07 2. 20 2.02 1. 62 4. 58 1. 79 .16 .36 . 97 95 22 18 272 64 68 1, 461 1, 533 267 115 67.00 21. 85 C2. 68 32.07 67.64 40.95 91. 98 57.04 49. 29 31.43 138.19 0. 74 . 29 .77 . 54 1.01 .56 1. 21 1.04 .70 *55 1. 84 98 100 22 19 280 69 72 1,556 1, 599 271 117 67. 69 23.00 62. 68 33. 85 69. 63 44.15 97. 39 60.75 51.41 31.90 140. 59 1.98 1.83 .77 1.61 3. 21 6.42 10.95 8.43 5.58 1.42 9.41 West Virginia Foundry and machine-shop products: 1926 ________________________________ _____ _ 1927 _ ______________________ _______________ _ Furniture: 1926. _________ ______ ____ _____ _ ______ 1927. ............................................................... Glass: 1926 ____________ ______ _ ____ 1927. _ ...............................- ........................................ Leather: 1926 __________________ 1927____ _____ __________________________________ j j 4 1 4.00 1. 27 7. 67 2. 29 86 46 86.00 58. 53 1.11 .69 90 47 90.00 59. 80 8. 78 2.98 1 343 262 4 4 485 507 1 0. 66 3.95 4 1 2.67 .66 1. 86 .49 22 38 14.67 24. 99 .23 .36 40 17. 34 26. 31 2.09 4.80 5 4 3,246 2, 456 3 .41 2. 44 10 4 1.03 . 54 1. 39 .45 351 368 36.19 49.93 .41 .63 361 375 37. 22 50.88 1.80 3. 52 2 2 310 335 2 1 2 °2 .*96 3. 55 .29 27 28 30.00 26. 75 . 55 .29 29 29 32.22 27.71 4.10 .58 ACCIDENTS 1 5 9 4 3 17 5 7 3 INDUSTRIAL Brick: 1927 ................................. .................. ............... Cotton goods: 1927 _ _ Fertilizers: 1927. _________________ Flour: 1927 _____ Foundrv and machine-shop products: 1927______ Furniture: 1927 ____________ ____________________ Lumber— Planing mills: 1927________ ___________ Lumber— Sawmills: 1927_________ _____________ Petroleum refining: 1927__ __ _________________ Slaughtering and meat packing: 1927____________ Structural iron work: 1 9 2 7 -- .____________________ STATISTICS Industry and year Temporary disability Permanent disability 2,215 2,333 1 . 14 .86 199 131 98 79 25.13 19. 83 .74 .62 107 88 27.43 22.09 6.75 4.38 2.14 3. 85 108 63 77.14 55.01 1. 30 .97 111 63 79.28 55.01 5.15 .97 1 1 . 15 . 14 .60 .04 65 75 9.85 10.72 .30 .17 66 77 10.00 11.00 .90 1.07 1. 67 10.17 6. 71 15. 25 87 115 145.00 292. 30 1. 71 3. 33 88 119 146.67 302.47 8.42 18.58 50.00 15.48 .35 .30 5 4 50.00 15.48 .35 .30 49 27 27.22 3.02 .26 .05 59 28 32. 77 3.13 2.6 .72 1 6 476 382 2. 92 .75 5 4 3. 09 3. 01 1. 79 1. 76 1 4 . 51 .50 7 7 3 2 2 10.00 87. 98 .65 1. 64 1 6 10.00 87. 98 .65 1. 64 61. 51 34.90 71.19 5. 34 8. 64 17. 51 22.29 17. 54 42. 74 1.02 .82 4.73 .09 .20 1. 53 2.28 .34 .54 42 86 606 2,979 10 1 . 11 5. 55 2. 39 .67 28 23 459 858 1, 776 95, 816 283,172 608, 247 31 94 250 12, 070 24, 951 45,183 11, 761 24, 002 43, 037 278 855 1, 896 Accidents for State reporting only disabilities extending beyond five days I MANUFACTURING N All industry groups, all States. ______ _________ 192 5 192 6 192 7 _____________ 1, 299 1, 328 ACCIDENTS Lumber— Sawmills: 192 6 .............................. _______ _________ 192 7 Paper and pulp: 192 6 ............................................ 192 7 Pottery: 1926_____________________________ 1 9 2 7 ... . ___________________ Shipbuilding, steel: 192 6 .......................................... 192 7 Slaughtering and meat packing: 192 6 192 7 Stamped and enameled ware: 1926____________ _____ __________ 1927._______ . __________________________ Stoves: 192 6 _____________ 192 7 ..........................................- Oklahoma 3 8 5 1 5 2 3 2 1 163 201 220 62 656 1, 123 1,,779 1, 140 117 2 3.03 3.18 3 12 1 .89 2. 25 .29 1.16 1.71 .09 30 21 45 1 17 56 107 59 15 61. 51 34. 90 68.16 5. 34 8.64 16.62 20.04 17.25 42.74 1.02 .82 1.55 .09. .20 .37 .57 .25 .54 3 30 3 21 3 47 31 3 17 3 59 3 119 3 60 315 INDUSTRIES Brick: 1927._______________________ _________ Flour: 1927----------------------------------------------------Foundry and machine-shop products: 1927. Furniture: 1927________________ ________ — Glass: 1927.____________________ _____ ________ Lumber— Sawmills: 1927-----------------------------Petroleum refining: 1927____________________ Slaughtering and meat packing: 1927---------Structural-iron work: 1927............................... s Fatal cases not reported. Or T a b l e 5 . — Number of accidents and accident frequency and severity rates in specified States, 1925 , 1926, and 1927, by industry— Continued g Accidents for States reporting only disabilities extending beyond one week [Where no figures are shown no accidents occurred. California reported no temporary disabilities, and Pennsylvania reported none for 1925 and 1926] Death Num ber of estab lish ments Fullyear workers N um ber of cases Sever Sever Frequen Frequen ity rate ity rate cy rate cy rate (per (per N um (per (per 1,000 ber of 1,000,000 1,000 1,000,000 hours’ cases hours’ hours’ hours’ ex ex exposure) exposure) posure) posure) Total Temporary disability Num ber of cases Sever Frequen ity rate cy rate (per (per 1,000 1,000,000 hours’ hours’ ex exposure) posure) Num ber of cases Sever Frequen ity rate cy rate (per (per 1,000 1,000,000 hours’ hours’ ex exposure) posure) O F Georgia 5 0. 08 0.47 24 36 0.41 .57 0.25 .47 290 349 4.99 5.48 0.12 .13 314 390 5.40 6.13 0.37 1.07 639 983 21 1 1 .53 .34 3.13 2. 03 1 7 .53 2. 37 2.09 2. 29 18 72 1 9.47 24.40 16.03 .22 .60 .45 20 80 1 10. 53 27.11 16.03 5.44 4. 92 .45 6 6 1,300 1,204 1 .26 1.54 12 4 3.08 1. U 2.49 1.12 84 77 21.54 21.32 .48 .62 97 81 24.88 22. 43 4.51 1. 74 3 3 500 505 3 2. 00 2.60 9 12 6.00 7. 92 .08 .25 12 12 8.00 7. 92 2. 68 .25 1 1 451 320 1 1 .71 1.04 2. 66 .31 28 26 20.00 27.12 .39 .63 29 27 20. 71 28.16 3. 05 .94 2 2 177 222 1 2 62 587 1 1 228 230 1 1 218 213 , 12 16 19,369 21,195 3 12 1 1 2. 00 11.30 1 2 2.00 3.00 1.16 1.35 9 7 18.00 10.51 . 57 .17 11 9 22.00 13.51 13.03 1.52 1 .57 3. II 1 .57 .17 5 72 25.00 40. 91 .91 1.12 5 74 25.00 42. 05 .91 4. 70 1 1.43 8. 78 7 5 10.00 7. 25 .22 .30 8 5 11.43 7. 25 9.00 .30 8 13 , 11.43 20.31 .23 .42 10 13 14.29 20.31 5. 72 .42 2 2.86 5. 49 INDUSTRIAL, ACCIDENTS Cotton goods: 1926 __________ ________ ________ _________ _____ 1927 ________________________ _____ _____________ Fertilizers: 1926 _______________ ________________________ 1927. __________________________________ ______ Flour- 1927 Foundry and machine-shop products: 1926 _________________________________ ____ 1927 ..................... ......... Furniture: 1926 ______________________________ 1927 ___ ..................... Leather: 1926 __ __________ __ _____ _____ 1927 ............. .... _ ............. Lumber— Planing mills: 1926________ ______ _____________________________ 1927 . ________ _____ _________________ Lumber— Sawmills: 1926 . ____________ _______________ 1927 ________ _____________________________ _____ Petroleum refining: 1926 ..................................... 1927 Slaughtering and meat packing: 1926 ....................................... .. 1927_________________ _____ _____ _______________ STATISTICS Industry and year Permanent disability W oolen goods: 192 6 192 7 .. 378 38S [ ! l i 1 | f .90 .86 1.59 ! .26 i 13 19 11.81 16. 34 .23 .38 14 20 12.71 17.20 1.82 .64 ! Illinois 1.07 1. 80 .1.39 0. 68 1.78 1.34 65 284 329 7.72 17.64 12. 74 0.15 .50 .29 74 315 366 8.79 19.56 14.16 0.83 3.03 1.86 7 15 32 .78 1. 35 3.09 .27 1. 25 3. 79 45 66 63 5.02 5.95 6.08 .11 .14 .17 54 82 95 6.02 7.39 9.17 1. 71 1.93 3.96 5 8 .30 .74 .09 .53 124 39 59 12 39 2.34 5.44 . 19 !05 .13 124 44 67 12.39 2.64 6.18 19 114 .66 6 15 15 3 .53 1. 53 1.41 15.00 1.13 2.46 1.71 17. 75 197 249 161 3 17.27 25.41 15.09 15.00 .45 .63 .32 .28 204 264 177 6 17.89 26.94 16.59 30.00 2.11 3.09 2.59 18.03 3 18 . 65 4.06 .29 2.98 89 88 19.35 19.86 .56 .53 93 106 20.22 23.92 2.16 3.51 4,944 6,908 7,270 14 36 28 .94 1. 74 1.28 .54 1. 34 1. 30 54 147 135 3.64 7.10 6.19 .07 .19 .12 69 183 163 4.65 8.84 7.47 1.01 1.53 1.42 68 530 10 6.29 2.54 10 46 50.00 28.92 62 .71 10 57 50.00 35! 84 . 62 7.02 244 236 1 1 1.43 1.42 .41 .71 12 23 17.14 32.54 .31 .63 13 24 18. 57 33.96 .72 1.34 26 55 66 .84 2.55 3.29 .78 1.82 2.71 239 328 274 7.74 15.19 13.69 .26 .36 .32 266 386 342 8.61 17.88 17.08 1.23 3.01 3.63 10 22 22 1.18 1.68 1.11 .71 1.14 .99 97 168 150 11. 43 12.82 7. 54 .26 .23 .16 107 190 173 12.61 14.50 8.70 .97 1.37 1.45 2,250 2,481 24 15 3. 53 2.01 2. 32 1. 79 61 47 8.97 6. 31 .18 .14 85 62 12.50 8. 32 2.50 1.93 1,378 1, 594 2,431 7 17 20 1.69 3.54 2.74 1.91 3.14 2.60 58 79 60 14.03 16. 46 8. 23 .34 .61 .20 65 96 80 15. 72 20.00 10.97 2.25 3.75 2.80 2,990 3,689 3,452 0. 75 .23 1. 34 .54 3,336 5, 556 3,618 3,802 3,265 3, 554 .09 .56 1, 527 1,477 1. 31 10,293 7,203 6, 674 2,828 4, 356 6, 630 .53 .19 .83 .60 .05 INDUSTRIES 9 29 36 0.12 .03 I MANUFACTURING N 2,808 5, 357 8,608 ACCIDENTS Agricultural implements: 192 5 ____________________ _______ _ 192 6 _______ __________________ _ Iy27................. ............................................................... Automobiles: 192 5 _____ _______ __________ _ 192 6 _____ _________ ________ _ 192 7 _______ ___________________ _ Boots and Shoes: 1925__________________ ______ ___________________ ly26____________________________________________ 1927____________________________________________ Brick: 192 5 192 6 192 7 Carriages and wagons 1926_____________________ Chemicals: 192 6 192 7 Electrical machinery: 192 5 192 6 192 7 Fertilizers: 192 6 192 7 Flour: 192 6 ______ 192 7 Foundry and machine-shop products: 192 5 . 192 6 192 7 ________ _____ ___________ Furniture: 192 5 ...................................... .............. 192 6 ________ _______________ 192 7 ...................................................................... Hardware: 192 6 .................................................................... 192 7 ................................ ................................ Leather: 192 5 _______ _________________ _ 192 6 __________________ 192 7 _________________________ i This industry group has been discontinued, Or 03 T a b le 5 .— Number of accidents and accident frequency and severity rates in specified States, 1925, 1926, and 1927, by industry— Continued Or Accidents for States reporting only disabilities extending beyond one week— Continued [Where no figures are shown no accidents occurred. California reported no temporary disabilities, and Pennsylvania reported none for 1925 and Num ber of estab lish ments Fullyear workers N um ber of cases Sever Sever Frequen Frequen ity rate ity rate cy rate cy rate (per Num (per (per (per 1,000 ber of 1,000 1,000,000 1,000,000 hours’ cases hours’ hours’ hours’ ex ex exposure) exposure) posure) posure) Num ber of cases Sever Frequen ity rate cy rate (per (per 1,000 1,000,000 hours’ hours’ ex exposure) posure) N um ber of cases Sever Frequen ity rate cy rate (per (per 1,000 1,000,000 hours’ hours’ ex exposure) posure) O F Illinois—-Continued 1.50 2.96 4.71 2.40 4.36 5.23 28 126 142 14.00 3.33 30.39 0.48 .62 .80 33 145 164 16.50 26.85 35.10 8 .8S 8. 31 6.03 8.01 5 7 5.56 9.34 4.37 16.22 36 48 40.00 64.08 .78 1.48 41 56 45.56 74.76 5.15 25. 71 .33 2.00 3 11 10 .84 1.89 1.67 .25 1.17 .92 20 66 72 5.57 11.38 12.04 .19 .48 .28 23 77 84 6.41 13.27 14.04 .44 1. 65 3.20 .88 5.29 1 5 .63 2.80 1.91 1.29 14 16 31 12. 34 10.00 17.37 .21 .31 .35 15 17 36 13.22 10.63 20.17 5.50 2.22 • 1.64 2 6 .39 1.49 .41 1.79 16 61 3.14 15.17 .12 .41 24 68 4.71 16.91 7.50 3.69 2 4 6.67 •8.12 2.31 4.06 2 9 6.67 18.27 .10 .58 4 13 13.34 26.39 2.41 4.64 41 105 149 .83 1.57 2.79 .50 1.61 2.94 767 1,142 1,057 15. 58 17.12 19.78 .33 .38 .42 820 1,254 1,215 16.65 18.79 22.74 2.29 2.62 4.37 4 3 .25 2.11 .19 1.27 29 17 1. 76 12.00 .04 .26 33 20 2.01 14. U .23 1.53 1.00 .56 6.00 3.33 309 250 1 1.34 5 11 11 1,197 1,933 1,992 2 5 7 7 378 523 595 1 2 2 1,710 1,340 6 1 1 1 87 164 * 7 li 8 16,412 22,228 17,806 2 2 5,462 472 667 1,802 1,557 2 3 12 7 9 1.18 .25 .24 .10 .17 6.97 1.49 1.46 .63 1.01 ACCIDENTS 3 16 22 2 3 8 17 16 INDUSTRIAL Lum ber— Planing mills: 1925 ____________ ____________________________ 1926 ___________________________________ _____ __________ 1927 Lum ber— Sawmills: 1926 - _____________ 1927 _______ ______________ _____ M achine tools: 1925 _ . ______ 1926 - 1927 - - - - ______ ____________ Paper and pulp: 1925 1926 _ _ 1927 Petroleum refining: 1926____________ _______ _____________ - ___ 1927.. ______________________________________ Shipbuilding, steel: 1926 - - _____- _____ 1927 ____________ Slaughtering and meat packing: 1925 ___________________________________________ 1926 ___________________________________________ 1927 ________ ______ ________ ____________ Stamped and enameled ware: 1926 - _______ ___________ 1927............. ............................................................. — STATISTICS Industry and year Total Temporary disability Permanent disability Death 1926] 4 4 2,085 1, 732 19 21 3.02 4.04 2.43 5.51 153 123 24.28 24. 23 .63 .52 172 147 27. 30 28. 30 3.07 f> 03 . 6 6 1, 387 1,130 2 3 .48 .88 .14 1.74 16 13 3.80 3.83 .13 .08 18 16 4.28 4.71 .27 1.82 3 4 4 296 434 645 8 7 11 9.02 5. 38 5. 68 9.58 4.14 5.89 29 45 52 32. 69 34:61 23.87 1.11 1.02 .54 38 53 64 42.84 40. 75 33.07 17.45 9.76 9.53 1 1 1 1.13 .76 .52 6.76 4.60 3.10 Michigan Automobiles: 192 5 _________ ______ 192 6 _______ ________________ _______ 192 7 Automobile tires: 192 6 ______ __ 192 7 ______ ________________________ Boots and shoes: 192 6 _____ _______ 192 7 Brick: 192 6 192 7 Carriages and wagons: 1 1926_____________________ Chemicals: 192 6 192 7 Electrical machinery: 192 6 192 7 Fertilizers: 1 926 ..__________ ________________________ 1927_______ _____ ________________ _______________ Flour: 192 6 192 7 _____ ________ Foundry and machine-shop products: 192 5 192 6 192 7 Furniture: 1925 . - ........................................................ 1926 . _____ _____ ______ _________________ 1927____________________________________________ Hardware: 192 6 ______ _________ ___________________ 192 7 _____ _________ * This industry group has been discontinued. 25 29 40 152, 620 190, 210 168, 325 42 46 59 0.09 .08 .12 0. 55 .48 .70 549 677 566 1. 20 1.19 1.12 0.91 .82 .79 3, 210 4, 766 4,172 7.01 8.35 8. 26 0.14 .25 .22 3,801 5,489 4, 797 8.30 9. 62 9.50 1.60 1.55 1.71 1 1 2,860 1, 790 2 .23 1.40 13 2 1. 51 .37 . 96 .28 101 51 11.74 9. 50 .38 .23 116 53 13.48 9.87 2.74 .51 4 4 522 273 4 4 2. 50 4.88 .09 . 11 4 4 2.50 4.88 .09 . 11 2 2 1 156 143 10 4 2, 528 3,018 1 1 113 107 1 1 249 207 1 1.61 5 5 468 428 2 1 5 ! 26 | 24 I 1 5 ! 37 ! 36 | 3 3 ! 1 .53 . 66 3.16 3. £8 .G 4 8 4 1 16. 00 9.30 33.00 .44 . 11 .56 9 4 1 18.00 9.30 33.00 1.08 .11 .56 2 6 .26 .66 .28 .43 72 148 9.47 16. 34 .27 .60 78 160 10.26 17.66 3.71 5.01 1 4 6 2. 00 .33 .08 1 .33 .08 1.93 10 6 14. 29 9.67 .57 . 24 10 7 14.29 11.28 .57 2.17 1.43 .78 .43 .23 24 9 17.14 7. 02 .48 . 25 26 10 18. 57 7 .80 .91 .48 4,078 6, 375 5, 531 1 8 2 .08 . 42 .12 .49 2. 51 .72 15 15 11 1.23 .79 .66 .94 .53 .32 133 482 328 10.87 25. 24 19. 77 .26 .63 .56 149 505 341 12.18 26.45 20. 55 1.69 3.67 1.60 2,013 9, 052 8,937 3 . 11 .66 48 36 1.76 1.34 1.28 . 66 32 229 211 5. 30 8. 42 7. 87 .20 .27 . 18 32 280 247 5. 30 lo! 29 9. 21 .20 2.21 .84 9 4 6. 43 2. 64 1. 82 .99 20 15 14. 29 9.90 . 49 141 29 19 20. 72 12! 54 2 31 1.40 ACCIDENTS IN MANXJFACTXJBING INDUSTRIES Steam fittings, apparatus, and supplies: 1926________________________________ ___________ 1 9 2 7 ...___________________________________ _____ Stoves: 1926____________________________________________ 1927____________________________________________ Structural-iron work: 1925__________________ ____________*........................ 1926_______________________________ . _ 1927_________ ______ ________ ______ _____________ 476 505 ______ l Or Oi T a b le 5. — Number of accidents and accident frequency and severity rates in specified States, 1925, 1926, and 1927, by in d u s tr ij— C o n tm u e .d Or Accidents for States reporting only disabilities extending beyond one week— Continued [Where no figures are shown no accidents occurred. California reported no temporary disabilities, and Pennsylvania reported none for 1925 and 1926] Industry and year N um ber of estab lish ments Fullyear workers Sever Frequen ity rate cy rate (per N um (per 1,000 ber of 1,000,000 hours’ cases hours’ ex exposure) posure) Sever Frequen ity rate cy rate (per N um (per 1,000 ber of 1,000,000 hours’ cases hours’ ex exposure) posure) Total Temporary disability Permanent disability N um ber of cases Sever Frequen ity rate cy rate (per (per 1,000 1,000,000 hours’ hours’ ex exposure) posure) N um ber of cases SeverFrequen ity rate cy rate (per (per 1,000 1,000,000 hours* hours’ ex exposure) posure) o f Michigan--Continued C■ o tta r'vOrl o - r\ CiriQTT)P]prl lf n 1Q9f) Steam fittings, apparatus, and supplies: 1926 ___________ _______________ 1927........................................- ........... - ..........- .......... 3 4 1. 76 2. 51 0.89 1. 32 40 29 23.53 18.18 1.47 .42 43 33 25.29 20.69 2. 36 1.74 7. 69 2.11 2. 38 2 16 9 2.56 2.81 1.79 2.50 2. 67 1.25 39 159 118 49. 99 27.89 23.43 1.04 .77 .79 42 177 129 53.83 31. 05 25.62 11.23 5. 55 4. 42 .24 .28 .69 1.47 1.67 4.14 7 13 10 .43 1.81 1.38 .47 1.62 1.23 120 344 282 7.33 47. 78 38.90 .23 2.07 1.55 131 359 297 8.00 49.87 40.97 2.17 5. 36 6.92 1 .59 3.48 3 4 1. 76 3.43 .69 1.29 36 15 21.18 12.87 .56 •52 40 19 23.53 16.30 4.72 1.81 3 2 .26 .27 1. 53 1.60 3 15 6 .85 1.28 .80 .25 .83 .73 73 369 175 20.63 31.54 23.38 .54 1.03 .60 76 387 183 21.48 33.08 24.45 .79 3.39 2. 93 1 .42 2,48 4 9 1.67 5. 26 1.24 1.84 39 52 16.25 30.41 .42 1.30 44 61 18. 34 35.67 4.14 3.14 3 2 11 1.07 .51 12.22 1.08 .15 3.82 64 59 13 22.86 15.24 14.44 .57 . 35 .26 67 61 24 23.93 15. 75 26.66 1.65 .50 4. 08 2 3 .67 1.12 .19 •33 33 37 11.00 13.75 .26 .40 36 41 12. 00 15. 24 2. 44 2. 96 2 2 560 532 1 16 16 260 1,893 1,679 1 2 2 1.28 .35 .40 5 17 17 5,455 2,394 2,416 4 2 5 7 5 574 389 1 8 7 1,179 3,902 2,495 2 2 807 570 4 5 1 930 1,291 314 3 4 . 1,003 897 1 1 .33 .37 1.99 2.23 in d u s t r ia i. a c c id e n t s Leather: 1926 _____ 1927 Lumber— Planing mills: 1925 ______________________________ 1926 ______ ____________________________ 1927 _________ ________________________ Lumber— Sawmills: 3925 ________________________ ______ 1926 ________ ___________ _______ 1927 ________________________________ Machine tools: 1926 . ________________________________ 1927 ________ ______ Paper and pulp: 1925 __ _________ 1926 _________ __ ____________ 1927 . . _________________________ Shipbuilding, steel: 1926 - - - ___________ ____________ 1927 _ . _________ Slaughtering and meat packing: 1926 _________ 1927 _ _________ St a t is t i c s Death 2 1 723 379 1 1 .45 .88 2. 76 5. 28 2 3 2 313 537 368 1 .62 3. 72 4 4 694 615 20. 45 9. 68 .53 .37 46 L12 20.90 10.56 3.30 .5.65 4 4. 26 7.98 2 1.81 .54 18.09 23.13 12.67 .62 1.02 .25 21 38 16 22.35 23.75 14.48 8.60 4.74 .79 1 .54 .16 1.42 5.96 .06 .17 3 12 1.42 6.50 .06 .33 New Jersey 4 2, 749 2, 015 1,907 1 . 12 .73 009 237 1,900 2, 631 2, 473 1 1 857 905 923 18 1 | ! I j 2.28 10.94 5.00 72 88 48 7.71 12. 94 7. 33 0.19 .29 .17 97 125 73 10. 39 18. 38 11.15 2.47 12.11 5.17 10 10 5 1.21 1. 67 .87 2.03 1.43 1.39 97 95 19 11. 76 15. 83 3. 32 .37 .37 .09 108 105 24 13.09 17. 50 4.19 3.13 1.80 1.48 1. 41 4.22 6 3 3. 33 4. 22 .07 .11 6 4 3.33 5.63 . 07 4 33 1.40 1.14 1.08 1.01 1. 79 1.13 70 69 86 12.28 8. 73 11. 58 .28 .17 .27 78 78 94 13.68 9. 87 12.66 1. 29 1.96 1.40 3 3 3 0.88 2. 68 5.29 3.82 8 9 8 0.15 25 36 25 1 1 1.17 1.11 1.08 3. 23 .33 1. 37 27 38 28 2 10. 50 14.07 10.11 20.00 .29 .29 .21 1. 30 30 41 31 2 11.67 15.18 11.19 20.00 3.52 .62 1.58 1.30 6, 778 3, 302 3, 449 1 . 05 .30 2 .19 1.16 12 15 29 .59 1. 52 2.80 .65 1. 57 2. 99 89 80 90 4. 38 8. 08 8. 70 .13 .18 .21 102 95 121 5.02 9.60 11.69 1.08 1. 75 4.36 3, 558 5,000 1 .07 .40 7 9 .65 .60 .34 .85 23 17 2.15 1.13 .05 .04 30 27 2.80 1.80 .39 1.29 1 1 .04 .04 .24 .25 1 1.17 7. 02 62 48 32 5 2.48 1.98 1. 21 5.85 2.47 1.74 1.18 14. 50 140 134 133 15 5.60 5. 51 5.03 17.54 .15 .12 .14 .43 203 183 165 21 8.12 7. 53 6.24 24.56 2.86 2.11 1.32 21.95 . 12 .71 . 14 .85 55 82 125 7 3. 23 5. 66 8. 81 5. 20 .41 .27 .82 .25 291 325 348 18 17.10 22.42 24. 53 13.36 3.43 5.12 11.18 6.55 8, 329 8,090 8, 819 285 5, 672 2 4,833 4, 727 2 449 i This industry group has been discontinued. 2.31 234 3. 75 4. 85 243 16. 76 9. 91 221 15. 58 6.31 11 8.16 * Closed cases only are reported. INDUSTRIES 3,113 2, 271 2,180 I MANUFACTURING N Automobiles: 192 5 192 6 ______ 192 7 Automobile tires: 192 5 _ 1926__.________ _________ 1927_________________________________ Boots and shoes: 192 6 192 7 Brick: 192 5 192 6 192 7 Carpets: 1926______________ 192 6 . 1927. . __________________________ Carriages and w agons:1 1926 __________ Chemicals: 192 5 1926.______ ____________________ 192 7 _____ _______ _______ Cotton goods: 192 6 192 7 Electrical machinery: 192 5 1926. . __________________ 1927............................................................. Fertilizers: 1927________________________ Foundry and machine-shop products: 1925. . __________________________ 192 6 __________________________ 192 7 __________ _________________ Furniture: 1927___________________ _____ ACCIDENTS Stoves: 192 6 ................ 192 7 Structural-ironwork: 192 5 _____ _ 192 6 1927.____________ W oolen goods: 192 6 192 7 Or T a b le 5.— Number of accidents and accident frequency and severity rates in specified States, 1925, 1926, and 1927, by industry— C o n tin u e d Or Accidents for States reporting only disabilities extending beyond one week— Continued [Where no figures are shown no accidents occurred. California reported no temporary disabilities, and Death Num ber of estab lish ments Fullyear workers Permanent disability Sever- • Sever Frequen Frequen ity rate ity rate cy rate cy rate (per (per N um (per (per 1,000 1,000 ber of 1,000,000 1,000,000 cases hours’ hours’ hours’ hours’ ex ex exposure) exposure) posure) posure) N um ber of cases Temporary disability N um ber of cases Sever Frequen ity rate c y rate (per (per 1,000 1,000,000 hours’ hours’ ex exposure) posure) Total Num ber of cases Sever Frequen ity rate cy rate (per (per 1,000 1,000,000 hours’ hours’ ex exposure) posure) O F New Jersey— Continued 0. 50 1.16 9.45 0. 76 1.83 11.25 50 64 24 3. 60 8.24 13.34 0.10 .21 .26 58 73 41 4. 71 9.40 22.79 1. 29 2.04 11. 51 1,455 2,286 2,256 15 16 14 .43 2.32 2.07 2.11 1.36 3.62 33 60 39 7.56 8.70 5.76 .23 .29 .11 48 76 53 10.99 11.02 7.83 2.34 1,65 3.73 5 7 G 477 729 422 6 7 8 4.19 3.18 6.33 3.78 5.57 9.57 19 19 10 13.28 8.63 7.90 .29 .16 .12 25 26 18 17.47 11.81 14.23 4.07 5. 73 9.69 2 2 10, 208 8, 009 66 63 2.16 2.62 2.88 3.16 126 74 4.12 3.08 .10 .07 192 137 6.28 5.70 2.98 3.23 6 8 8 1 1, 943 2, 720 2,310 316 2 5 5 2 .34 .61 .72 2.22 1.10 .85 .98 1.27 76 114 97 10 13.04 13.90 13.99 11.11 .41 .36 .39 .43 79 119 102 13 13.55 14.51 14.71 14.44 2.54 1.21 1.37 8.03 2 2 485 503 8 8 5.33 5.30 2.47 2.48 14 11 9. 33 7.28 .35 .10 22 19 14.66 12. 58 2.82 2.58 5 3 3 1,149 968 782 9 7 8 2.61 2.41 3.41 4.23 1.00 1.15 70 30 22 20.30 10.34 9. 38 .56 .28 .23 79 37 30 22.91 12. 75 12. 79 4.79 1.28 1.38 1 1 747 519 6 6 2.72 3.85 2.41 4.12 66 30 30.00 19. 25 .83 . 42 72 36 32. 72 23.10 3.24 4.54 4,632 2,588 600 7 10 9 1 0.07 0.43 ! 1 . 17 1.03 1 1.11 6.33 ACCIDENTS 7 9 17 6 6 4 INDUSTRIAL Glass: 1925................................................................................ 1927 Hardware: 1927 _ ___ Leather: 1925 1926 ___________ 1927 _______________________________ Machine tools: 1925 _________________ . 1926 _________ ____________________ 1927 . . . . Petroleum refining: 1926 ........... 1927 ___ __ . _____________ Pottery: 1925 __________________________________ 1926 __________________ 1927 _______________________ Shipbuilding, steel: 1926__________________________ Stamped and enameled ware: 1926 ................................... .................... 1927 Steam fittings, apparatus, and supplies: 1925 _____________ 1926 _____________ ___ 1927 ........................................... Stoves: 1926 1927___________________________ _____ ___________ STATISTICS Industry and year Pennsylvania reported none for 1925 and 1926] Structural iron work: 1925-.............................................................................. 1926......................................... 1927____________________________________________ Woolen goods: 1925........................... .................................... ................. 1926_________ _____ ___________________ _________ 1927___________________ _______________ _________ 2 1 3 100 8 218 4 6 6 6,910 3,403 4,945 21.45 .43 1.66 1. 08 .22 1.91 1.27 1.59 1.96 1.75 3.70 2.02 3.62 2.83 .06 .04 .04 .27 1.95 1.31 1 1 0.21 .18 1.24 1.09 14 12 2.89 2.18 3.14 2.02 30 65 6.19 11.82 0.23 .17 45 78 9.29 14.18 4.61 3.28 15 18 11,919 11,178 6 .17 1.01 85 104 2.38 3.10 2.42 3.27 188 358 5.26 10.69 .25 . 62 279 462 7.81 13.79 3.68 3.89 : 7 10 2,238 17,220 4 .08 .46 4 51 .60 .99 .51 .72 21 363 3.13 7.02 . 11 .27 25 418 3.73 8.09 .62 1.45 10 14 1,008 1,948 2 1 .66 .17 3.97 1.03 7 13 2.31 2.24 1.62 3.00 59 109 19.51 18.79 1.03 .66 68 123 22.48 21.20 6.62 4.69 2 5 5,571 7, 799 3 1 .18 .04 1.08 .26 27 17 1.62 .73 2.31 .64 67 105 4.01 4.49 .13 .28 97 123 5.81 5.26 3.52 1.18 7 10 2 3,236 4,152 1, 413 2 1 1 .21 .08 .24 1.24 .48 1.42 22 26 4 2.27 • 2.08 .95 3.96 3. 22 1.03 59 141 36 6.08 11.28 8. 57 .26 .71 .52 83 168 41 8.56 13.44 9.76 5.46 4.41 2.97 9 10 2 4 20,454 20,800 131 1,312 4 4 .07 .06 .39 .38 74 104 1 8 1. 21 1.67 2.50 2.05 1.29 1.89 10.14 2. 74 456 711 8 58 7.43 11.39 20.00 14. 87 .33 .73 1.25 .83 534 819 9 66 8. 71 13.12 22.50 16.92 2.01 3.00 11.39 3.57 15 22 10,104 16,425 3 14 .10 .28 .59 1.70 128 199 4. 22 4.04 3.90 3.71 322 844 10. 62 17.12 .58 1.16 453 1,057 14.94 21.44 5.07 6.57 14 18 1 2.930 3,621 297 23 39 2 2. 62 3. 58 2.22 2. 70 4.09 . 68 53 129 5 6.03 11. 83 5. 56 . 27 .20 . 66 76 168 7 8. 65 15.41 7. 78 2.97 4.29 1.34 6 8 763 1,849 1 .44 2.62 3 17 1.31 3.09 1.84 3. 75 17 102 7. 43 18. 55 .35 .73 21 119 9.18 21. 64 4.81 4.48 14 20 2,682 2,928 1 3 .12 .34 .75 2.04 31 40 3.85 4. 55 6.03 5.48 84 248 10.44 28.18 .51 1. 60 116 291 14. 41 33.07 7.29 9.12 6 9 551 1,282 1 .61 3.63 3 23 1.82 6.05 2.18 5.46 10 83 6.05 21.84 .27 ,97 14 106 8.48 27.89 6.08 6.43 i l INDUSTRIES 1,615 1,835 I MANUFACTURING N 1 3 5 ACCIDENTS New York Agricultural implements: 192 5 192 6 Automobiles: 192 5 192 6 Boots and shoes: 192 5 _____ _______ ______ 192 6 _____ _______________________ Brick: 192 5 192 6 Carpets: ______ ________________ 192 5 192 6 _______ _____ ______ ___________ •Chemicals: 1925________ ________________________ 1926_______________________________ _ Cotton goods: 1926..................................... ^Electrical machinery: 192 5 _____ ________ ______ 192 6 ________ __________________ Fertilizers: 1926________________________ Flour: 1926_____________________________ Foundry and machine-shop products: 192 5 192 6 ______ Furniture: 192 5 192 6 Hardware: 1926_________ ______ _______ Leather: 192 5 192 6 Lumber— Planing mills: 192 5 _____ _______________________ 192 6 _________ Machine tools: 192 5 ............................................... 192 6 ............................. Or CO T a b le 5 . — Number of accidents and accident frequency and severity rates in specified States, 1925, 1926, and 1927, by industry— Continued g Accidents for States reporting only disabilities extending beyond one week— Continued [Where no figures are shown no accidents occurred. California reported no tem porary disabilities, and Pennsylvania reported none for 1925 and 1926] Death N um ber of estab lish ments Fullyear workers N um ber of cases Sever Frequen ity rate cy rate (per (per 1,000 1,000,000 hours' hours' ex exposure) posure) N um ber of cases Sever Frequen ity rate cy rate (per (per 1,000 1,000,000 hours’ hours’ ex exposure) posure) Num ber of cases Sever Frequen ity rate cy rate (per (per 1,000 1,000,000 hours’ hours’ ex exposure) posure) Total Num ber of cases Sever Frequen ity rate cy rate (per (per 1,000 1,000,000 hours’ hours’ ex exposure) posure) 4, 597 8,163 1,174 1, 228 3,044 1,170 4 6 3 929 821 1,092 0.44 1.95 3. 40 1.62 1. 31 1,458 1, 757 303 7 6 4 0.07 .33 .57 .27 .22 1 5 .36 2.00 2.15 12.17 58 92 24 3 24 18 4.21 3. 76 6.86 .81 2.64 5.14 6.77 4. 30 8. 26 .24 1.95 4.12 235 692 144 18 62 79 17.04 28. 24 41.14 4.86 6. 81 22. 57 0.67 .93 2.01 .29 .73 1.45 294 792 170 22 88 97 21.32 32. 33 48. 57 5.94 9. 67 27.71 7.88 7.18 13.67 2.15 3.99 5.57 21 20 4 1 8 2 1 2 4.80 3. 77 4.44 4.00 4.17 5.50 100 164 19 22. 86 30. 94 21.11 .88 1.87 1.46 121 184 23 27.66 34. 71 25. 55 4.88 6.04 6.96 11 15 5 3.95 6.00 1. 51 3.78 4. 83 1. 67 32 44 31 11.48 17. 60 9. 39 .45 1. 27 .77 44 64 36 15.79 25. 60 10.90 6. 38 18. 27 2.44 16 12 59 116 28 1 86 7 10 21 7. 20 15. 57 23. 35 6.26 12.29 .96 30. 86 3.90 26. 84 14.61 0.19 .40 .46 . 19 .35 .03 .76 .08 .88 .33 17 12 61 127 29 3 91 12 11 27 7. 65 15. 57 24.14 6.85 12.73 2.88 32. 66 6. 68 29. 52 18. 78 1.00 .40 .70 .77 2.98 6.07 3.63 2.00 5. 71 3.77 Virginia Boots and shoes* 1927 Brick* 1927 Chemicals' 1927 ___ _ . . _ _ Cotton goods: 1927____________________________ Fertilizers- 19^7 Flour: 1927____ ____________________________________ Foundry and machine-shop products: 1927 _ Furniture- 1927 Leather- 1927 Lum ber— Planing mills: 1927------------------------------- 5 3 1 4 10 2 4 2 1 741 257 842 6,173 759 67 930 599 124 479 1 1 1 1 1 0. 05 .44 .96 .36 0. 32 263 5. 75 2.15 0. 45 0.81 2 10 .79 .54 .24 .26 1 4 5 1 6 .96 1. 44 2.78 2.68 4.17 .29 .72 1.92 4. 83 3.44 ACCIDENTS 12 19 2 2 4 3 INDUSTRIAL Paper and pulp: 1925__________ __________________________________ 1926 _____________________ Petroleum refining: 1926________________ _______ Pottery: 1926 _____________________________________ _______________ Shipbuilding, steel: 1926 _____ Stamped and enameled ware: 1926 Steam fittings, apparatus, and supplies: 1925 1926 - - - - - . . ____ Stoves* 1926 Structural ironwork: 1925 ___________ ____________________ 1926 _________________________________ Woolen goods: 1926 O F New York— Continued STATISTICS Industry and year Temporary disability Permanent disability 4 2 1 1 1 2 2 1,380 362 140 4,089 51 452 435 3 .72 4.34 2 4 1.47 .14 1.38 120 21 3 104 13 1.06 .50 7 3 .24 .48 3.69 5.16 6.08 107 4 28.98 19.35 7.15 8.48 39.14 78.89 3.06 .87 1.94 .07 6 .90 .6 8 .50 .2 2 125 25 3 120 6 114 4 30.18 23.04 7.15 9.78 39.14 84.05 3.06 5.38 2.06 .50 2.19 .87 8 .0 2 .07 Wisconsin 10 .05 .05 .13 .31 .30 .78 2,079 2.035 24 44 26 2 5 7 1,866 16.98 18.52 18.59 0.34 .47 .46 253 163 28 2 0 .1 2 1. 74 1.23 19.62 6 . 39 1.24 .62 1.41 .94 378 317 208 19.53 15.93 13.58 .41 .34 .29 403 362 236 20.82 18.19 15.41 1.34 2.05 1.70 .32 .82 1.25 .14 .49 .38 53 37 49 8.50 6.07 8 .75 .17 .1 1 .2 0 55 42 56 8.82 6.89 1 0 .0 0 .23 1 1 0 .0 0 1 0 .0 0 .31 .60 .58 .23 2 24 13 37.94 .49 6 113.81 455.72 1 0 .0 0 1 2 1 0 .0 0 31.08 .27 .30 31.08 .27 .30 100' 6.67 11.96 . 15 .33 4 105 6.67 12.56 .15 1.34 90.00 14. 91 6.83 .37 9 9 90.00 14.91 6.83 .37 211 22 0 2 2 .6 8 922 620 34.92 25.11 1.37 2.98 1.67 85 89 85 9.81 9.28 9.13 1 .1 2 78 103 14.17 11.32 8.73 1.53 2.48 1.05 2 .2 1 32 14 18 4 75.87 455. 23 20 21 195 2,788 4 1 . 12 .72 4 .48 .29 18 201 3,232 8,796 8,229 .1 0 .1 1 .62 8 3 .6 8 1 .04 .24 55 36 1 2,888 3 3,216 3,105 11 1,835 3.035 2,518 7 1 2 1 .18 .2 2 .13 1.09 1.32 .79 3 4 2 .82 2.08 1.46 .32 1.71 .8 6 864 583 21.76 32. 73 23.61 .43 .59 .57 .35 1.15 .76 .14 .92 .39 82 78 78 9.46 8.13 8.37 .2 0 .2 0 .55 .44 .26 .16 .65 .08 74 97 63 13.44 1 0 .6 6 8 .34 .17 .28 .51 .18 ! 66 18.84 2 .0 1 .31 .59 INDUSTRIES i This industry group has been discontinued. 1 1 2 0.45 228 150 18 9 9 6,450 6,630 5,107 0.07 0.95 .76 5.93 1 2 1 1.79 1.60 1.03 1 4,476 2 ,6b9 323 I MANUFACTURING N Agricultural implements: 192 5 ________ ___________ 192 6 _____ _______ _ 192 7 ______________ ___________ Automobiles: 192 5 .................................................. 192 6 ____________ 192 7 ________ ______ _________ Boots and shoes: 192 5 ______ ________ 192 6 _______ _____________ 192 7 _______ _______ Carriages and wagons: 1 1926__________ Chemicals: 1926_____________ _________ ________ 1927... . _________ __________ Cotton goods: 192 6 ................................................... 192 7 __________ _________________ Electrical machinery: 192 6 _____ ___________ 192 7 Flour: 192 6 ____________ 192 7 Foundry and machine-shop products: 192 5 ______ _ 192 6 _____________ 192 7 ................................. Furniture: 192 5 ______ _______ ____________ 192 6 _________________________ 1927 .. . ............... Leather: 192 5 ______ _____________________ 192 6 _ 192 7 ACCIDENTS ■6S— 0 * 0 6 9 8 Lumber— Sawmills: 1927.. Paper and pulp: 1927_____ Pottery: 1927........ .................. Shipbuilding, steel: 1927.. Stoves: 1927__________ _____ Structural-iron work: 1927 Woolen goods: 1927_______ T a b le 5.— Number of accidents and accident frequency and severity rates in specified States, 1925, 1926 , and 1927 , by industry— Continued O Accidents for States reporting only disabilities extending beyond one week— Continued [Where no figures are shown no accidents occurred. California reported no temporary Fullyear workers N um ber of cases Sever Sever Frequen Frequen ity rate ity rate cy rate cy rate (per (per Num (per (per 1 ,0 0 0 ber of 1,0 0 0 1 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0 1 ,000,000 hours’ cases hours’ hours’ hours’ ex ex exposure) exposure) posure) posure) N um ber of cases Sever Frequen ity rate cy rate (per (per 1 ,0 0 0 1 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0 hours’ hours’ ex exposure) posure) Num ber of cases Sever Frequen ity rate cy rate (per (per 1 ,0 0 0 1 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0 hours hours’ ex exposure) posure) O F Wisconsin— Continued 1,946 1,663 1,278 1 2 1 0.17 .40 .26 1.03 2.40 1.56 11 2,520 4,356 4,767 6 6 .79 .53 .42 4.76 3.21 2.52 18 16 9 5 1.54 8 2.09 1 .0 0 0.80 .93 1.80 186 153 72 31.86 30.60 18.77 0.76 .92 .58 196 160 81 33.57 32.00 2 1 .1 2 2.59 4.25 3.94 .79 1.45 .85 ; 322 482 530 42.59 36.79 37.06 1 .0 1 340 505 551 44.97 38.54 38. 53 6.56 5.69 4.40 1 .2 1 12 1.59 16 15 1 .2 2 3 4 1.25 1 .2 1 .62 .98 .34 .1 0 30 48 33 12.47 14.54 1 7 1 1 .1 1 .23 .23 33 52 34 13. 72 15.75 11.45 1 .0 1 1.05 1.03 1.03 .2 2 .84 5 4 802 1,117 990 5 9 9 1,642 5,061 5,178 1 1 8 .2 0 1 .2 2 .07 .52 .39 3.09 5 18 14 1.18 .90 .40 1.29 .60 51 186 159 10.35 12.24 10.23 .23 .34 .29 57 205 181 11.56 13.49 11.65 3.98 2 2 942 942 2 .71 4.24 2 .71 .32 74 67 26.43 23.70 .36 .61 74 71 26.43 25.12 .36 5.17 2 2 1,712 1, 558 11 2.16 .8 8 2 .43 2.57 4 .8 6 .32 78 72 15.29 15.40 .33 .30 89 78 17.45 16.69 3.19 1 1 2,773 3,010 3 .36 2.16 12 1.44 .78 1 .0 0 7 .45 45 36 5.42 3.99 .16 .07 60 43 7.22 4.77 3.32 .52 2 212 4 628 59i 2 6 8 3.15 3.16 4.51 1.65 1.83 3.64 16 89 25.17 46.84 56.94 .57 1.28 1.51 18 95 101 110 28.32 50.00 62.02 3.11 8.54 2 1 1 .57 3.38 .33 1.85 2 .0 2 1 .2 1 2 .2 2 ACCIDENTS 9 9 9 INDUSTRIAL Lumber— Planing mills: 1925................................................................................. 1926_______________________ _________ - .................. 1927_ ________ _______ _______ _________________ Lumber— Sawmills: 1925 ____________ _____ _____ 1926_______ ______ ______________________________ 1927 ________ _______________________________ Machine tools: 1925 . ___________ 1926 ___ _________________ 1927 __ ________________________ Paper and pulp: 1925 ___________________________________________ 1926 ___ ____________________________ 1927 ________ _________________ _____ Shipbuilding, steel: 1926 1927 ____________ _____ - - - ________ Slaughtering and meat packing: 1926 .......................- ............ 1927 ......................................................... Stamped and enameled ware: 1926 .....................- ......................- .................. 1927 ......................... .......... Structural-iron work: 1925 ............................. 1926 __________________ 1927............................. ..........- ...................................... STATISTICS N um ber of estab lish ments Total Temporary disability Permanent disability Death Industry and year disabilities, and Pennsylvania reported none for 1925 and 1926] Woolen goods: 1926............................................................................. 1927 . . . ________ ________________ _______________ 2 2 155 493 All industry groups, all States: 1925......................................................................... 1926_________________ ______________ 1927___________ _____ ______________________ 481 859 729 361,448 538,836 415,871 8 7 114 173 150 1,543 2,694 1, 853 1.60 4. 74 g 0.32 .13 1.60 4.74 .32 .13 .33 .05 .22 87 44 5 87 19 11 35 214 14 2 145 10.00 34.23 4.84 27. 51 25.00 39.54 11.18 36.67 25.00 21.62 11.67 4.00 11.42 0.92 1.14 13.06 1.00 16.52 3. 53 8.34 1.61 1.30 7.86 3.1 2 .33 .05 3.28 .62 3.45 .06 7 9 3 35.00 90.00 2.30 .62 27. 21 .06 9, 735 19,129 13,457 7 11,392 21,996 15,460 ACCIDENTS Accidents for State reporting only disabilities extending beyond 10 days Virginia 1,664 274 851 5,999 517 78 717 559 113 0. 77 4. 70 2. 50 "l5.”48 .45 .71 .20 1. 21 0.86 2.86 1. 72 3.22 .91 7.28 .87 .19 2.57 4. 65 1.34 1.22 2.12 .94 10.00 3.20 8 . 75 30.00 4.28 24.38 20.00 14 11 30 195 14 2 112 35.00 80.00 2.30 23.76 All industry groups: 1926____________ 36. 36 8.24 36. 67 21.43 19. 70 11. 67 4.00 8.82 0.06 .23 1.08 .13 .85 .96 .90 .27 697 797 Accidents for State reporting only disabilities extending beyond two weeks INDUSTRIES 167 ,233 53 73 43 446 4.16 0.40 1.25 3.46 .56 .63 5.00 2 . 73 2.94 I MANUFACTURING N Boots and shoes: 1926............................... ........... Brick: 1926________________________ __________ Chemicals: 1926._____________ _______________ Cotton goods: 1926__________________________ Fertilizers: 1926___________________ _____ _____ Flour: 1926______________ _____ _______________ Foundry and machine-shop products: 1926. Furniture: 1926_______________ _____ _________ Leather: 1926________________________________ Lumber— Planing mills: 1926_______________ Lumber— Sawmills: 1926____________________ Paper and pulp: 1926________________________ Pottery: 1926_________________________________ Shipbuilding, steel: 1926____________________ Slaughtering and meat packing: 1926______ Stoves: 1926__________________________________ Structural-iron work: 1926__________________ Woolen goods: 1926____ ______ ________ ______ Alabama Cotton goods: 1926__________________________________________ 1927___________________________________ Fertilizers: 1927. ____________________ _____ . . . Foundry and machine-shop products: 1926-__________ ___________________ ________ 1927__________________________________________ _ 9 5,917 10 6 ,353 5 196 3 4 2,092 1 ,8 8 8 0.28 .21 0.29 .06 62 66 3 .95 1.24 .84 102 54 3.48 3.46 5.10 0 .1 2 .1 2 .28 67 70 3 3.76 3.67 5.10 0.41 .18 .28 16.19 9.53 .45 .34 108 62 17.14 10.95 1.29 2.06 . 00 T a b l e 5 . — Number of accidents and accident frequency and severity rates in specified States, 1925, 1926, and 1927, by industry— Continued C> Accidents for State reporting only disabilities extending beyond two weeks— Continued [Where no figures are shown no accidents occurred. California reported no tem porary disabilities, and Pennsylvania reported none for 1925 and 1926] Death Fullyear workers N um ber of cases Sever Frequen ity rate cy rate (per (per 1,000 1,000,000 hours' hours’ ex exposure) posure) Num ber of cases Sever Frequen ity rate cy rate (per (per 1,000 1,000,000 hours’ hours’ ex exposure) posure) Temporary disability N um ber of cases Sever Frequen ity rate cy rate (per (per 1,000 1,000,000 hours’ hours’ ex exposure) posure) Total Num ber of cases Sever Frequen ity rate cy rate (per (per 1,000 1,000,000 hours’ hours’ ex exposure) posure) O F Alabama —Continued 5 4 1 2,312 2,182 250 1 2 47 186 18 26 10, 368 11,055 1 1 0.86 .92 1 2 4 8 2 0. 58 1.22 2. 67 0.43 1. 37 7. 75 48 78 22 6.96 11.92 29. 38 0.14 .56 .92 53 87 24 7.68 13.29 32.05 1.42 2.85 8.67 1 4 0.14 .15 10.00 7.16 . 15 .27 1 4 10.00 7.16 .15 .27 213 227 15 21 229 250 ACCIDENTS Accidents for States reporting only fatalities and permanent disabilities California Agricultural implements: 192 6 192 7 Automobiles: 192 6 192 7 Automobile tires: 192 6 192 7 3.85 3.26 448 614 1,031 915 0. 32 1.94 1,891 2,165 .18 . 15 1.06 .92 INDUSTRIAL Lumber— Sawmills: 1926 ___________________________ _______________ 1927____________________________________________ Shipbuilding, steei: 1927___________ ___ . ______ Slaughtering and meat packing: 1926 1927 All industry groups: 1926 1927 _ . _ . . STATISTICS N um ber of estab lish ments Industry and year Permanent disability 2.12 2.61 5 6 3.85 3.26 2.12 2.61 .32 1.09 .16 .51 2 3 .64 1.09 2.10 .51 .62 .35 .57 6 5 1.06 .77 1. 41 1.49 1,909 2,567 373 201 68 1 2 1 . 18 .26 .89 1.05 1. 56 5. 36 3 1 .89 . 45 17 18 1,936 2,056 1 2 .17 .32 1.03 1.95 14 14 2.41 2. 27 7 7 916 1,108 1 .30 1.81 2 8 2 3 171 653 1 .51 3. 06 1 5 5 544 554 1 1 .63 .61 3. 68 3. 61 3 17 17 2,266 6,371 10 .53 3.13 15 23 21 16 12,136 6,958 25 15 .69 . 72 4.12 4. 31 84 47 3 2 2 4,460 3,927 249 7 15 1 . 52 1. 27 1. 34 3.12 7. 64 8. 03 2 2 4 2,154 2,924 1,424 2 3 2 .31 .34 .47 1.86 2. 05 2.81 2 3 108 410 2 2 2 76 43 280 4 4 466 647 2 1 191 141 .42 1. 47 1. 56 5. 81 15 16 2.58 2.59 3.94 3.87 . 74 2. 41 . 65 1.10 2 9 .74 2.71 65 91 .51 . 15 2 1.02 3.21 1.80 . 78 1 4 .63 2.41 3.68 i 39 2. 21 1.20 1. 33 1.10 15 33 2.21 1.73 1.33 4.23 2. 31 2. 25 1. 75 1. 36 109 62 3.00 2.97 5.87 5.67 7 30 2 . 52 2. 55 2.67 . 22 1. 44 1. 07 14 45 3 1.04 3.82 4.01 3.34 9.08 a 10 7 8 4 1.08 .91 .94 .51 . 46 .48 9 11 6 1. 39 1.25 1.41 2.37 2.51 3.29 .33 2.31 .33 2.31 3. 58 1. 85 3 3.58 1.85 3 4 8. 59 6.19 2.14 2. 06 .96 .98 5 £ 3.56 3.09 9.55 7.17 i 1 INDUSTRIES 2.91 1.92 3 1.42 1.03 . 71 . 26 1.78 1 2 2 4 2 I MANUFACTURING N 14 11 2 1 3 ACCIDENTS Brick: 1926____________________________________________ 1927____________________________________________ Chemicals: 1927. _________________________________ Electrical machinery: 1927. ________ _____ __ Fertilizers: 1927. _________________________________ Foundry and machine-shop products: 1926____________________________________________ 1927____________________________________________ Furniture: 1928____________________________________________ 1927____________________________________________ Glass: 1926____________________________________________ 1927____________________________________________ Leather: 1926____________________________________________ 1927____________________________________________ Lumber— Planing mills: 1926____________________________________________ 1927____________________________________________ Labor— Sawmills: 1926_______________________________________ 1927____________________________________________ Petroleum refining: 1926____________________________________________ 1927____________________________________________ Pottery: 1927______________________________________ Shipbuilding, steel: 1926____________________________________________ 1927____________________________________________ Slaughtering and meat packing: 1927. __________ Stamped and enameled ware: 1926_______________________________ _ 1927_________________ _____ _____________________ Steam fittings, apparatus, and supplies: 1926________ ____________________________________ 1 927 .._______ __________________________ ________ Stoves: 1927........ ................................................................ Structural iron work: 1 9 2 6 ...________________________ _____ _____ _____ 1927.................................................... ............................ W oolen goods: 1926_.............................................................................. 1927_...............- ............................................................ j ! O) Cm T a b l e 5 .— Number of accidents and accident frequency and severity rates in specified States, 1925, 1926 , and by industry— Continued 05 Accidents for States reporting only fatalities and permanent disabilities— Continued [Where no figures are shown no accidents occurred. California reported no temporary Death N um ber of estab lish ments Fullyear workers N um ber of cases Permanent disability Sever Frequen ity rate cy rate (per (per 1,000 1,000,000 hours’ hours’ ex exposure) posure) Num ber of cases Sever Frequen ity rate cy rate (per (per 1,000 1,000,000 hours’ hours’ ex exposure) posure) Total Temporary disability Num ber of cases Sever Frequen ity rate cy rate (per (per 1,000 1,000,000 hours’ hours’ ex exposure) posure) Num ber of cases Sever Frequen ity rate cy rate (per (per 1,000 1,000,000 hours’ hours’ ex exposure) posure) O F Pennsylvania 3 0. 78 0. 34 3 0. 78 0.34 1.27 1.17 41 45 1. 74 1.76 1.22 1.52 46 50 1.95 1.96 2.49 2.69 .14 .85 9 7 1.22 .99 1.13 .85 9 8 1. 22 1.13 1.13 1.70 2 2 .16 . 16 .97 .97 3 14 .24 1.13 .30 .78 5 16 .40 1.29 1.27 1.75 2 .15 .88 3 4 .22 .55 .08 .41 5 4 .37 .55 .96 .41 1 .29 1. 72 1 3 .29 .39 .09 .20 2 3 .58 .39 1.81 .20 7 4 . 12 .06 .72 .38 69 21 1.18 .33 .80 .22 76 25 1.30 .39 1.52 .60 5 5 1,282 571 5 9 7,851 8,524 5 5 0.21 .20 6 6 2,459 2,355 1 g 13 2,697 3,539 19 26 4,106 4,128 14 11 2 4, 571 2,440 53 2 4 6 266 1,166 2, 539 13 14 2 4 19,441 21,146 142 93 INDUSTRIAL, ACCIDENTS Agricultural implements: 1925 1926 Automobiles: 1925 1926 Automobile tires: 1925 1926 Boots and shoes: 1925 1926 Brick: 1925 1926 Carpets: 1925 1926 qtiH 1 1Q2fi Chemicals: 1925 1926 Cotton goods* 1926 Electrical machinery: 1925 1926 ^orHli7Pf<*' IQ fi O Flour; 1926........ .................................................................. STATISTICS Industry and year disabilities, and Pennsylvania reported none for 1925 and 1926] Grand total: 1925__________________________ 1925___________________________ . _ 1927_____________________________________ 1 This industry group has been discontinued. 5 16 32 25 4, 393 2,923 25 20 5 4,903 4,662 2,337 4 .29 1.72 14 17 3,870 3,966 1 .08 5 7 2 735 772 1,384 2 7 3 1,119 196 4 6 6 1 1 6 1,532 2,501 1,612 277 1,409 1,102 24 9 .06 .19 .37 1.12 47 109 .58 1.27 .53 .98 52 125 .64 1.46 .90 2.10 17 10 1.29 1.14 .76 .63 17 10 1.29 1.14 .76 .63 7 14 11 .48 1.00 1.57 .59 1.07 . 53 7 18 11 .48 1.29 1.57 .59 2.79 .53 .50 2 9 .17 .76 . 05 . 59 2 10 .17 .84 .05 1.09 2 .91 1.91 2 .91 1.91 .48 2.89 4 .95 1. 22 6 1.43 4.11 1 1. 67 10.18 1 1.67 . 50 2 3.34 10.68 1 2 5 .22 .27 1.04 1. 31 1.59 6.18 3 4 2 . 65 .53 .42 . 30 .24 .21 4 g 7 .87 .80 1.46 1.61 1.83 6.39 1 .24 1.42 5 1.19 .43 6 1.43 1.85 2,669 2,097 1 1 . 12 .16 . 75 .95 6 2 . 75 .32 . 26 !l7 7 3 .87 .48 1.01 1.12 9 5 1,264 821 1 1 .26 .40 1. 58 2.43 1 .40 . 30 1 2 . 26 *80 1.58 2.73 20 14 2,681 2,908 1 2 .12 . 23 .75 1.37 10 18 1.24 2.07 .45 1.10 11 20 1.36 2.30 1.20 2.47 21 13 5, 772 3,850 1 .06 .35 4 6 .23 .52 .26 . 69 5 6 .29 .52 .61 . 69 342 435 115 98, 732 138, 763 34,648 26 90 57 226 438 161 1,282 555,996 2,209 991,082 2,676 1,075, 282 171 370 459 2,047 4,090 3,949 252 528 218 21,496 44,041 57,072 23,714 48,501 61,480 INDUSTRIES . 27,121 28,547 I MANUFACTURING N A ll industry groups, all States: 1925__________ _______ _________________ 1926__________ _______ __________________ 1927____________ ______ _________________ 109 85 ACCIDENTS Foundry and machine-shop products: 1925________________________ 1926________________________ . Furniture: 1925_____________________ _____ __ _ 1926____________________ Glass: 1925___________________________________ _ 1926- ................................... _ Hardware: 1926._ _____________ Leather: 1925________ ________________ ________ 1926__________________ _____ . Lumber— Planing mills: 1925_______________________________ 1926____________________________________ . _ Lumber— Sawmills: 1926_____________________ Machine tools: 1925____________________________________________ 1926__________________________ . Paper and pulp: 1925__________ _____ _________ „ 1926_________________ ______ ___________ Petroleum refining: 1926______________ _ Pottery: 1926_____________________________ _ Shipbuilding, steel: 1926___________. . . ______ Slaughtering and meat packing: 1926................... Steam fittings, apparatus, and supplies: 1925__________________________ 1926___________________________ Stoves: 1925__________________________ 1926_______________________________ . Structural-iron work: 1925____________________________________________ 1926.____________ ______________________________ Woolen goods: 1925______________ ______________________ 1926________ _____ ______________________________ ACCIDENTS AND ACCIDENT RATES IN SPECIFIED INDUSTRIES, BY STATES O Table 6 brings together by industry the accident data for specified States, grouped according to the extent acci dents are reported, as in Tables 4 and 5. It must be borne in mind, in consulting this table, that the rates for a particular industry group represent only a sample in each State and should be used therefore with caution. No claim to completeness is made. One industry which was covered in 1926, the manufacture of carriages and wagons, has since been discontinued. STATISTICS T a b le 6 .— N um ber o f accidents and accident frequen cy and severity rates in specified ind ustries, 1925, 1926, and 1927, by States Agricultural implements [Where no figures are shown no accidents occurred. California reported no tem porary disabilities, and Pennsylvania reported none for 1925 and 1926] Death Permanent disability Total Temporary disability O F Num ber of estab lish ments Fre Full-year quency workers N um rate (per ber of 1,000,000 cases hours’ exposure) Severity Severity Fre rate rate quency N um (per (per rate (per 1,000 ber of 1,000 1,000,000 hours’ cases hours' hours’ expo expo exposure) sure) sure) Num ber of cases Fre quency rate (per 1,000,000 hours’ exposure) Severity rate (per 1,000 hours’ expo sure) Num ber of cases Fre quency rate (per 1,000,000 hours’ exposure) Severity rate (per 1,000 hours’ expo sure) INDUSTRIAL State and year Accidents for States reporting all disabilities'extending beyond day of injury 9 7 7 3, 732 1,410 1,136 4 4 4 886 645 1,262 2 2 4 271 256 1, 764 1.76 537 333 5 3 3 0.54 .29 17 18 1 1.52 4.29 .29 1.38 6.90 .09 418 397 424 1 1 0.09 1 488 149 118 43.59 35.48 34.61 0.72 .90 .72 506 167 120 45.20 39.77 35.19 2.64 7.80 2.57 38 42 35 1 30.27 35.00 27. 50 .44 .60 .34 38 42 35 30.27 35.00 27.50 .44 .60 .34 5 4 3.12 4.01 .93 3.16 70 30 43.75 30.05 .55 .86 75 34 46.87 34.06 1.48 4.02 .75 3.68 .79 .56 4.00 .48 20 74 35 7.53 38.95 9.24 .08 .61 .12 24 81 39 9.03 42.63 10.29 5.16 4.61 2.18 1. 89 ! 2.30 51 65 41 63. 75 84.60 7. 75 .26 .70 .23 51 65 52 63.75 84.60 9.82 .26 .70 3.66 2 .75 4.52 1 .26 1. 58 2 7 3 1 .19 1.13 10 ACCIDENTS Indiana: _________ ________ _______________________ 1925 1926 __________________________________________ 1927 ___________________________________________ Iowa: 1925 __________ ________________________ 1926___________________________________________ 1927 ___________________________________________ Kentucky: 1926 _________________________ ___ 1927 . . ______________________________ Minnesota: 1925 . ______________________________ 1926 ____________________________________ 1927 _____________________________________ Nebraska: 1926 - -- ~ -___ 1927 . ___ N ew York: 1027___________________________________ Ohio: 1925................... .............................................................. ___ 1926______________________ ______ ____ 1927_____________ _____ ______________ __________ Pennsylvania: 1927................ ....................................... .. Tennessee: 1926__......................................... ................................... 1927......... .................................. ..................................... 13 10 12 5 1,077 1,537 1,494 500 2 1 329 113 4 1.24 .22 .68 2.94 17. 63 2. 78 1.09 1.12 2. 67 3. 02 .94 .87 1.60 181 152 228 41 56.00 33. 04 50.89 27.35 .90 1 .37 .74 .38 4 1 1.34 4.00 1 9 5 5 4 7.43 1 1 4.00 2. 94 4.61 .88 16 5 16.00 14. 69 .33 .16 60.02 i 34.13 52.23 30.70 11.35 1.31 2.95 5.98 20 7 20.00 20. 57 4.94 18.67 194 157 234 46 i 0. 68 1.78 1.34 65 284 329 7. 72 17. 64 12. 74 0.15 .50 .29 74 315 366 8. 79 19. 56 14.16 0.83 3.03 1.86 - 14 12 2.89 2.18 3.14 2.02 30 65 6.19 11. 82 .23 .17 45 78 9.29 14.18 4.61 3.28 24 13 10 1.79 1.60 1.03 .95 .76 5.93 228 150 18 16.98 18. 52 18. 59 .34 .47 .46 253 163 28 18.84 20.12 19.62 1.74 1.23 6.39 2, 61 3.85 3.26 2.12 2.61 .34 .78 2,808 5,357 8,608 2 1 0.12 .03 0. 75 .23 9 29 36 3 5 1,615 1,835 1 1 .21 .18 1.24 1.09 3 2 2 4,476 2,689 323 1 .07 . 45 Accidents for States reporting only fatalities and permanent disabilities California: 192 6 192 7 Pennsylvania: 192 5 192 6 3. 85 3. 26 448 614 1,282 571 2.12 Accidents for States reporting all disabilities extending beyond day of injury Indiana: 1925.................................................................................. 1926__......................................... ................................... 1927_ ........................................... ............................... N ew York: 1927................................................................. Ohio: 1925 1926 _________________________________________ 1927 _____________________________ ______________ Pennsylvania: 1927 __ ______ ....................................... Tennessee: 1926___________ _______ ______ __________________ 1927_......... ..................................................................... 4 9 9 17 2,239 12, 581 17,312 10, 221 5 13 17 9 2, 202 14,122 14,351 6,806 2 1 1, 657 196 9 81 40 77 1.34 2.15 .77 2 51 0. 47 9. 67 55 1.79 176 898 8417 316 26. 21 23. 82 16. 31 10. 31 .57 .14 5 59 10 15 .76 1.39 .23 .73 1.50 1.19 2. 23 .35 137 1,016 471 198 2.41 40 8. 00 5.17 231 20 4 2 4 0.11 .04 .13 0. 64 .23 .78 4 1 .09 .02 2 .40 0.27 .27 .20 .39 185 983 889 397 27. 55 26.08 17.12 12.95 0.74 10.58 .98 2.96 20. 73 23.96 10. 94 9. 70 142 .35 .38 i 1,079 : 482 .18 1 213 . 13 21.49 25.44 11.19 10. 43 1.85 2.14 2. 55 .48 46. 20 34. 08 1 !83 273 20 54. 60 34.08 8.25 .83 INDUSTRIES Automobiles I MANUFACTURING N 1 1.07 1.80 ! 1. 39 13 21 21 ACCIDENTS Accidents for States reporting only disabilities extending beyond one week Illinois: 1925______________________ _____ ________________ 1926_________ ______________________ __________ 1927..................... ........................................................... N ew York: 1925____________________________________________ 1926................................................................................. Wisconsin: 1925___________________ ______ _________ ________ 1926_ __ 1927................................................................ T a b le 6.—Number —Continued of accidents and accident frequency and severity rates in specified industries, 1925, 1926, and 1927, by States ^ Automobiles— Continued [Where no figures are shown no accidents occurred. California reported no tem porary disabilities, and Pennsylvania reported none for 1925 and 1926] Permanent disability Death Num ber of estab lish ments Fre Full-year quency workers N um rate (per ber of 1,000,000 cases hours’ exposure) Severity Severity Fre rate rate quency (per N um N um (per rate (per ber of 1,000 ber of 1,000 1,000,000 hours’ cases cases hours’ hours’ expo expo exposure) sure) sure) Fre quency rate (per 1,000,000 hours’ exposure) Severity rate Num (per ber of 1,000 cases hours’ expo sure) Fre quency rate (per 1,000,000 hours’ exposure) Severity rate (per 1,000 hours’ expo sure) 2,990 3,689 3,452 2 1 0.22 . 09 1.34 .54 7 15 32 0. 78 1. 35 3.09 0.27 1. 25 3. 79 45 66 63 5.02 5.95 6.08 0.11 ; .14 ; .17 ' 54 82 95 6.02 7.39 9.17 1.71 1.93 3.96 25 29 40 152,620 190, 210 168,325 42 46 59 .09 .08 .12 .55 .48 .70 549 677 566 1.20 1.19 1.12 .91 .82 .79 3, 210 4, 766 4,172 7.01 8.35 8.26 .14 .25 .22 3,801 5,489 4,797 8.30 9.62 9.50 1.60 1.55 1.71 5 3 5 3,113 2,271 2,180 1 .15 .88 25 36 25 2.68 5.29 3.82 2.28 10.94 5.00 72 88 48 7.71 12.94 7.33 .19 .29 .17 97 125 73 10.39 18.38 11.15 2.47 12.11 5.17 15 18 11,919 11,178 6 .17 1.01 • 85 104 2.38 3.10 2.42 3.27 188 358 5.26 10.69 .25 .62 279 462 7.81 13.79 3.68 3.89 6 4 5 6,450 6,630 5,107 1 1 2 .05 .05 .13 .31 .30 .78 24 44 26 1.24 2.21 1.70 .62 1.41 .94 378 317 208 19.53 15.93 13.58 .41 .34 .29 403 362 236 20.82 18.19 15. 41 1.34 2.05 2.01 Accidents for States reporting only fatalities and permanent disabilities California: 1926 ......................................................................... 1927 ______________________ ________________ Pennsylvania: 1925 __________ ______________ 1926 .................- ______ __________________ 5 5 1,031 915 1 5 9 7,851 8, 524 5 5 0. 32 .21 .20 1.94 1 3 0. 32 1.09 0.16 .51 2 3 0. 64 | 1.09 2.10 .51 1. 27 1.17 41 45 1. 74 1. 76 1.22 1. 52 46 50 1.95 ! 1.96 1 2.49 2.69 ACCIDENTS 8 9 8 INDUSTRIAL Illinois: 1925 ............................................................... 1926 ............................................. ................ 1927................................................................................ Michigan: 1925 _____________ ____________________________ 1926 __________________________________________ 1927 _________________ _________ ________ N ew Jersey:1 1925 _____ __________________________ 1926 _________ ____ ____________________ 1927 ______________________________________ N ew York: 1925 ................................................................. 1926 ________________________ _________ ________ Wisconsin: 1925................................................................................. 1926................... .............................................................. 1927............................. .................................................... O F Accidents for States reporting only disabilities extending beyond one week STATISTICS State and year Total Temporary disability Automobile tires Accidents for States reporting all disabilities extending beyond day of injury 4 3 12 8 14,888 11,721 22,543 2,154 18 7 3 2 6 0.16 .19 .07 .06 .09 1.05 1.16 .40 .34 .53 1.75 0.53 17 29.82 0.54 18 31.57 1.07 2 1 .08 .19 .1 0 .06 156 134 27.49 25.82 .39 .50 159 136 27.73 26.20 1.54 1.72 4 9 4,323 4,079 1 1 .31 .74 .39 .45 120 142 9.23 11.60 .27 .30 124 151 9.54 12.34 .75 52 26 47 3 1.16 .71 .69 .46 1.06 .54 .59 .14 2,962 2,637 3,341 137 66.32 74.91 49.40 21.19 .74 .95 .87 .26 3,017 2,665 3,394 140 67.55 75.68 50.18 21.65 2 .2 0 .6 6 1.83 1.99 .40 Accidents for States reporting only disabilities extending beyond one week Michigan: 1926____________ ________ ______________________ 1927 . . . ................................ N ew Jersey:1 1925 .................................. 1926 . ............. 1927 .................................. ! 1 1 2,860 1,790 2 7 2,749 2,015 1,907 1 6 3 0.23 1.40 13 2 .1 2 .73 10 10 5 51 11.74 9.50 .38 .23 116 53 13.48 9.87 2.74 .51 97 95 19 11.76 15.83 3.32 .37 .37 .09 108 105 24 13.09 17.50 4.19 3.13 1.80 1.48 0. 35 .57 6 1.06 .77 1.41 1.49 1.13 .85 9 8 1 .2 2 1.13 1.70 1.51 .37 .96 .28 1 .2 1 2.03 1.43 1.39 1. 67 .87 1 .0 1 I N MANUFACTURING 1,907 1,730 1 190 1 1 ACCIDENTS 1 M aryland: 1926 ............................... .. ..................................... 1927............................. .................................................... Massachusetts: 1926 ...................... 1927 . _ _____________ Ohio: 1925 __________ ________ ______________ 1926 ________ __________________ _____________ 1927_ ........................................................................ Pennsylvania: 1927.. __ _____________ Accidents for States reporting only fatalities and permanent disabilities . ............................... ................................... 2 2 1,891 2,165 1 1 . 18 . 15 1.06 .92 5 4 0 .8 8 ____________ ____________________ 6 6 2,459 2,355 .14 .85 9 7 1 .2 2 1 .62 .99 5 1.13 INDUSTRIES California: 1926 . . . 1927 . Pennsylvania: 1925 1926. . . T a b le 6.— Number of accidents and accident frequency and severity rates in specified industries, 1925, 1926, and 1927, by States— Continued ^ Boots and shoes [Where no figures are shown no accidents occurred. California reported no tem porary disabilities, and Pennsylvania reported none for 1925 and 1926] Permanent disability Death Fre Full-year quency workers N um rate (per ber of 1,000,000 cases hours’ exposure) Severity Severity Fre rate rate quency N um (per Num (per rate (per ber of 1,000 ber of 1,000 1,000,000 cases hours’ cases hours’ hours’ expo expo exposure) sure) sure) Fre quency rate (per 1,000,000 hours’ exposure) Severity rate Num (per ber of 1,000 cases hours’ expo sure) Fre quency rate (per 1,000,000 hours’ exposure) Severity rate (per 1,000 hours’ expo sure) O F Accidents for States reporting all disabilities extending beyond day of injury 7 7 7 _____________________________ ____________________________ 28 32 10,772 13,529 _ _ . _________ _____ 3 4 10 2,352 2,849 3, 699 ............... _____ 1 1 .14 0.15 .85 0.39 54 34 46 21.14 11. 73 15.11 0.44 .27 .22 54 34 49 21.14 11.73 16.10 0.44 .27 .61 4 4 .12 .10 .05 .16 81 177 2. 51 4. 36 .05 .10 85 182 2.63 4.48 .10 .41 .34 1.13 .26 .89 20 28 459 9.52 9. 57 8.65 .12 .08 .17 20 29 519 9.52 9.91 9.78 .12 .34 1.06 1 .14 .09 1 0.02 0.99 1 60 693 975 17,696 2 2 13 3 850 962 1,015 .09 .27 181 121 61 25.49 14.15 5. 50 .18 .21 .85 183 121 62 25.77 14.15 5.59 1.12 .21 1.12 Accidents for States reporting only disabilities extending beyond one week Illinois: 1925 _ _______ ____ __ 1926 _____________________________ 1927 _______________________ __ __ Michigan: 1926 1927 ______ N ew Jersey:1 1926 _______________ 1927_______ _____________________________________ 5 4 7 3,336 5,556 3,618 4 4 4 1 609 237 I 0.30 .74 1.41 0.09 .53 4.22 124 39 59 12.39 2. 34 5.44 0.19 .05 .13 124 44 67 12.39 2.64 6.18 0.19 .14 .66 4 4 522 273 5 8 2.50 4.88 .09 .11 4 4 2.50 4.88 .09 .11 6 3 3. 33 4. 22 .07 .11 6 4 3.33 5.63 .07 4.33 ACCIDENTS - - - -........._ . __________ INDUSTRIAL M aryland: 1925 1926 1927 Massachusetts: 1926 1927 Minnesota: 1926 1927 N ew Y o rk - 1927 Ohio: 1926 1927 Pennsylvania: 1927 STATISTICS Num ber of estab lish ments State and year Total Temporary disability N ew York: 192 5 192 6 Virginia: 1927 Wisconsin: 192 5 192 6 192 7 7 10 5 2, 238 17,220 741 4 5 7 2,079 2,035 1,866 .60 .99 .45 21 363 16 3.13 7.02 7.20 .11 .27 .19 25 418 17 3.73 8.09 7.65 .62 1.45 1.00 .32 .82 1.25 0.08 53 37 49 8.50 6.07 8. 75 .17 .11 .20 55 42 56 8.82 6.89 10.00 .58 ACCIDENTS Accidents for State reporting only disabilities extending beyond 10 days Virginia: 1926. 1, 064 0.40 0.86 16 3.20 0.06 Accidents for State reporting only fatalities and permanent disabilities 8 13 ! i ! 2,697 3, 539 i i ! I I --------------------- --------- 1 ----------- i ----------------!-------------i j ! | [ 1 i I j Brick 16 12 12 8 1, 013 702 ! 851 : 367 5 5 5 1 2 1 i 3 2 14 i, 1 Closed cases only are reported. m ! 3.08 i .33 1.98 1 2 1 0.48 .95 .51 0.14 1.60 1.54 166 185 1 3 .33 1.43 i | .63 3. 78 0.71 1.22 167 187 124 80.04 89.05 63.71 0.85 2.82 5.30 24.36 48.10 31. 72 25.41 .45 .84 .72 .32 76 104 81 28 25.02 49.53 31.72 25.41 2.53 4.12 .72 .32 52 56 46 36.88 35.00 34. 53 .62 .60 52 58 47 36.88 36.26 35.28 5.52 4 1 1 .63 .75 1.11 .38 i j 13. 33 47.50 34. 90 .09 1. 37 4 10 13.33 47.50 34.90 .09 1. 37 .33 50.00 36.10 .23 28.78 .99 December.) 20 11 150 50.00 36.10 32.22 .96 .23 6.60 88.10 101 74 10 ! i 2 ! 79.56 122 81 28 i | 470 537 1 444 ! 93 I 70 1 57 i ! 118 ! 0. 51 00. 696 686 649 20 11 3.01 3.03 134 2 Record is for six months only (July to 62.69 INDUSTRIES 10 9 9 coo Accidents for States reporting all disabilities extending beyond day of injury Indiana: 1925______________________________________ 1926________________________________________ _ 1927_____________________________ Iowa: 1925__________________ 1926___________________________________________ 1927____________________________________________ Kansas: 1927 2_____________________________________ M aryland: 1925____________________________________________ 1926_______________________________________ 1927____________________________________________ Massachusetts: 1926____________________________________________ 1927____________________________________________ Minnesota: 1925 __________ . . . __________ _____ Nebraska: 1926________ ____________________________________ 1927____________________________________________ N ew York: 1927____ ______ _ ___________ _____ I MANUFACTURING N Pennsylvania: 1925_______________________________________ 1926__________________________ ____ . . •<r oo T a b le 6.—Number o f accidents and accident frequency and severity rates in specified industries, 1 9 2 5 ,1 9 2 6 and 1 9 2 7 , by States— Continued M Brick— Continued [Where no figures are shown no accidents occurred. California reported no temporary disabilities, and Death Num ber of estab lish ments Fre Full-year workers N u m quency rate (per ber of cases 1 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0 hours’ exposure) Permanent disability Temporary disability Severity Severity Fre rate rate quency Num (per (per Num rate (per ber of 1 ,0 0 0 ber of 1 ,0 0 0 1 , 0 0 0 ,0 0 0 hours’ cases hours’ cases hours’ expo expo exposure) sure) sure) Fre quency rate (per 1 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0 hours’ exposure) Total Severity rate (per N um 1 ,0 0 0 ber of hours’ cases expo sure) Fre quency rate (per 1 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0 hours’ exposure) Severity rate (per 1 ,0 00 hours' expo sure) O F Accidents for States reporting all disabilities extending beyond day of injury— Continued 3 2 9 58 44 1 1 5.00 7.61 34.33 30.45 30 4 150.00 30.’ 45 .84 .74 .58 .1 1 426 413 423 480 55.86 55.07 49.73 26.23 1.24 97 67.00 2,542 2,496 2,835 4 .26 .27 .47 1.57 1.60 2.82 3 4 19 26 6 ,1 0 0 2 .1 1 .6 6 7 .39 .53 .71 .38 1 11 13 483 1 .69 12 2 2 6 31 5 155. 00 38! 06 37 99 31.’ 00 .62 .90 56. 51 55.87 50.91 26. 72 3.03 3.24 4.06 .33 431 419 ' 433 , 489 .74 98 67.69 1.98 3 30 61. 51 1 .0 2 3.09 2.59 .6 6 1 .1 0 Accidents for State reporting only disabilities extending beyond five days Oklahoma: 1927 3 163 (3 ) ..................................... .............| ................... 61. 51 .................! 1 .0 2 30 Accidents for Stat<3s reporting only disabilities extending beyond one week Illinois: 1925............. . 1926.............. 1927............... Michigan: 192 6 192 7 3,802 3,265 3,554 156 143 1 0.09 0.53 1 .09 .5 6 0. 53 1. 53 1.41 1.13 2.46 1.71 2 .0 0 .64 197 249 161 17.27 25.41 15.09 0. 45 .63 .32 204 264 177 17.89 26.94 16.59 8 16.00 9.30 .44 .1 1 9 4 18.00 9.30 4 2 .1 1 1.08 .1 1 ACCIDENTS 3. 6 6 .*55 INDUSTRIAL North D akota: 1926_______ ________ _________ __________________ 1927____________ _____ ____ ______ ______ ________ Ohio: 1925________ __________ ________________ _____ 1926................................................................................. 1927__________ _____ ____________________________ Pennsylvania: 1927____________________ ___________ South Dakota: 1926_______________________________ Texas: 1927.......................................................................... STATISTICS State and year Pennsylvania reported none for 1925 and 19261 N ew Jersey : 1 192 5 192 6 192 7 N ew York: 192 5 192 6 Virginia: 1927. 12 15 15 10 14 3 1,900 2,631 2,473 1,008 1,948 257 1.40 1.14 1.08 1.01 1.79 1.13 70 69 8 86 12.28 8.73 11.58 .28 .17 .27 7 13 2.31 2.24 1.62 3.00 59 109 12 19.51 18. 79 15.57 1.03 .66 .40 8 9 2 1 3. 97 1.03 .6 6 .17 13. 68 9.87 12.66 22.48 21.20 15.57 123 12 1.29 1.96 1.40 6.62 4.69 .40 ACCIDENTS Accidents for State reporting only disabilities extending beyond 10 days Virginia: 1926............. 10.00 8.75 Accidents for States reporting only fatalities and permanent disabilities 14 11 1,909 2,567 1 2 0.18 .26 1.05 1.56 19 26 4,106 4,128 2 2 . 16 .16 .97 .97 4 .24 1.13 1.47 1.56 5 16 .30 .78 0. 71 .26 .40 1.29 1. 27 1. 75 19 13 70 144 4. 31 1.57 2.80 11.39 0.08 .03 .71 .36 Carpets Accidents for States reporting all disabilities extending beyond day of injury Massachusetts: 192 6 _____________ ___________________ 192 7 ____ _______________ _____ _ N ew York: 1927........ ............................. ..........I .. Pennsylvania: 1927................................................ 3 3 5 15 1,482 2,765 8 .339 1 0.04 0.24 4,217 10 2 0. 40 .16 0.35 .2 1 19 13 59 142 4.31 1.57 2.36 11.23 0.08 .03 .1 2 .15 Accidents for States reporting only disabilities extending beyond one week New Jersey: 1 192 5 ............................................................ 192 6 ........................................................ .......... 192 7 N ew York: 192 5 ......................................... - ....................... 192 6 .............. 3 3 3 857 905 923 2 5,571 7,799 5 1 Closed cases only are reported. 3 3 3 3 1 0.18 .04 1.08 .26 3.23 .33 1.37 27 38 28 10. 50 14. 07 0.29 .29 1.08 1.17 1 0 .1 1 .2 1 30 41 31 11.67 15.18 11.19 3.52 .62 1. 58 27 17 1.62 .73 2.31 .64 67 105 4.01 4.49 .13 .28 97 123 5.81 5.26 INDUSTRIES 2 I MANUFACTURING N California: 1926............. 1927........... Pennsylvania: 1925............. 1926_........... 3.52 1.18 1 .1 1 8 Fatal cases not reported. •<1 Cn T a b le 6.— Number of accidents and accident frequency and severity rates in specified industries, 1925, 1926, and 1927, by States— Continued Carpets— Continued [Where no figures are shown no accidents occurred. California reported no tem porary disabilities, and Pennsylvania reported none for 1925 and 1926] Death Num ber of estab lish ments Fre Full-year quency workers N um rate (per ber of 1,000,000 cases hours’ exposure) Total Temporary disability Severity Severity Fre rate rate quency N um (per N um (per rate (per ber of 1,000 ber of 1,000 1,000,000 cases hours’ cases hours’ hours' expo expo exposure) sure) sure) Fre quency rate (per 1,000,000 hours’ exposure) Severity rate (per Num ber of 1,000 hours’ cases expo sure) Fre quency rate (per 1,000,000 hours’ exposure) Severity rate (per 1,000 hours’ expo sure) 4,571 2,440 2 0.15 0,88 3 4 0.22 .55 0.93 .41 26. 67 40.00 56. 25 160.00 0.58 1.37 15.00 14.13 .04 20.00 Carriages and wagons4 Accidents for States reporting all disabilities extending beyond day of injury Indiana: 1926 ___ Iowa: 1926--------K entucky: 1926. M aine: 1926____ M aryland: 1926. Minnesota: 1926 Ohio: 1926______ Tennessee: 1926. 2 1 3 1 2 1 1 3 12.50 10.00 14.00 12.82 10.00 3.68 70.00 0.58 1.37 1.00 1.31 .04 2. 35 ' T o 5' 94 17 263 47 96 27 17 118 "1.69 15.00 .35 26.67 40.00 43. 75 150.00 20.00 20.00 80.00 2.04 Accidents for States reporting only disabilities extending beyond one week Illinois: 1926______ Michigan: 1926._._ N ew Jersey:1 1926 Wisconsin: 1 9 26 ... 1 1 1 1 56 10 18 32 3 1 15.00 j ! 17.75 3 1 2 1 15.00 33. 00 20.00 10.00 0.28 .56 1. 30 .23 6 1 2 1 30.00 1 33.00 20.00 10. 00 ____ ______ 18.03 . 56 1.30 .23 ACCIDENTS 0.37 .55 5 4 0.08 .41 INDUSTRIAL 14 11 O F Accidents for State reporting only fatalities and permanent disabilities Pennsylvania: 1925 1926 STATISTICS State and year Permanent disability Accidents for State reporting only fatalities and permanent disabilities j j 2 | | ] 53 L................. ................ j .............. ! Chemicals Accidents for States reporting all disabilities extending beyond day of injury 1 1 3 5 8 9 8 5 7 1,330 1,768 1,763 1,729 574 2,627 2 2 I 1,300 1,343 459 j ! 57 45 25 14.62 11.16 18.14 0.18 . 14 .19 57 45 26 14.62 11.16 18.86 0.18 .14 .41 44 67 72 31 30 105 11.03 12.64 13.62 5.97 17.43 13. 32 .25 .30 .34 . 17 .33 .21 45 69 81 42 30 106 11.28 13.01 15. 32 8.09 17.43 13.45 .32 .41 5.23 3.08 .33 .97 49 45 1 3 1 0. 57 .19 1 . 13 0.22 1 2 6 10 3.40 1.16 0. 72 .25 .37 1.13 1.93 .08 . 11 1.49 1. 75 . 76 i ! 1 ! ; Accidents for States reporting only disabilities extending beyond one week * Closed cased only are reported. 4 4 1,527 1,477 1 0. 22 1.31 3 18 0. 65 4.06 0. 29 2.98 89 88 19. 35 19.86 0. 56 . 53 93 106 20.22 23.92 2.16 3.51 2 4 2, 528 3,018 4 6 . 53 .66 3.16 3.98 2 6 .26 . 66 .28 .43 72 148 9.47 16.34 .27 .60 78 160 10. 26 17.66 3. 71 5.01 17 17 19 6,778 3,302 3,449 1 .05 .30 2 .19 1.16 12 15 29 .59 1.52 2.80 .65 1.57 2.99 89 80 90 4.38 8.08 8. 70 .13 .18 .21 102 95 121 5.02 9.60 11.69 1.08 1.75 4.36 7 10 1 3,236 4,152 842 2 1 .21 .08 1.24 .48 22 26 2 2.27 2.08 .79 3.96 3. 22 .24 59 141 59 6.08 11.28 23.35 .26 . 71 .46 83 168 61 8. 56 13.44 24.14 5.46 4.47 .10 1 1 14 18 4 75.87 455. 23 2 37. 94 .49 6 113.81 455.72 2 Record is for six months only (July to December.) * This industry group has been discontinued. INDUSTRIES Illinois: 1926............................ .................... 1927_________________________________ Michigan: 1926_______________________________________ 1927 ________________________________ N ew Jersey:1 1925_____________________________________ 1926_____________________________ ______ 1927__________________________________________ N ew York: 1925_____________ __________________________ 1926_____________ ____________________________ Virginia: 1927_____________________________________ Wisconsin: 1926________ _______________ ____________________ 1927_____________ _____ _________________________ T MANUFACTURING :< Indiana: 1926................................................ ............................... 1927................................................................. . . . Kansas: 1927 2 M aryland: 19125_________________________________________ 1926__________________________________________ 1927__________________________________________ N ew York: 1927_____________________________ Ohio: 1927 _______________________________ Pennsylvania: 1927_____ _____ ____________ _ Tennessee: 1926______________ __________________________ 1927_..................................................... .............. ACCIDENTS ■6S— of0698 ! Pennsylvania: 1926_____________________ _________ -4 T a b le 6.— Number of accidents and accident frequency and severity rates in specified industries, 1 9 25 ,19 26 , and 1921 , by States Continued ^ Chemicals— Continued [Where no figures are shown no accidents occurred. California reported no temporary disabilities, and Pennsylvania reported none for 1925 and 1926] Permanent disability Death Num ber of estab lish ments Fre quency Full-year N um rate (per workers ber of 1 , 000 ,0 0 0 cases hours' exposure) Severity Severity Fre rate rate quency N um (per Num (per rate (per ber of 1 ,0 0 0 ber of 1,0 0 0 1 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0 cases hours’ cases hours' hours’ expo expo exposure) sure) sure) Severity rate Num (per 1 ,0 0 0 ber of hours’ cases expo sure) Fre quency rate (per 1 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0 hours’ exposure) Fre quency rate (per 1 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0 hours’ exposure) Severity rate (per 1,000 hours’ expo sure) O F Accidents for State reporting only disabilities extending beyond 10 days ......................................... .......... 1 851 2 0. 77 4.70 9 3.46 7.28 34.23 13.06 2 1.78 5.81 2 . 58 1.81 0.13 . 18 19 14 12. 67 8 .44 0 .52 4.25 Accidents for States reporting only fatalities and permanent disabilities flfllif/ifTiiQ' 1097 Pennsylvania: 1925 __________ ________________________________ 1926................................................................................ 2 2 4 373 266 1,166 1 0.89 5.36 1 0.89 i 0.45 i 1 .29 1. 72 1 .29 .09 i | Cotton goods Accidents for States reporting all disabilities extending beyond day of injury Indiana: 1926 _ ________________ 1927 _________________________ ____________ Kentucky: 1926 ____________ 1927 _ ________________ Maine: 1926 ______ 1927............................................................. - .................. 18 1 2 .0 0 12 7. 24 .47 24 15.00 2 .8 8 21 1 2 .0 0 .24 .16 25 24 15.63 13.71 .71 3.04 15.41 15.60 I .26 .29 286 302 15.80 16. 36 .78 1.28 1 1 0.67 .60 0.39 .45 536 584 1 .63 1. 71 6,046 6,155 7 14 .39 .76 .52 .99 279 288 2 2 515 553 2 2 6 6 1 0.60 3.62 ACCIDENTS 89 1.08 30.00 78 INDUSTRIAL Virginia: 1926 STATISTICS State and year Total Temporary disability 30 35 22,577 27,761 5 5 2 6 11,345 13,519 1,490 2,246 3 3 7 .01 .07 2 .05 1927 . 30 2 .30 1.78 5 22 .07 . 26 .07 .15 366 1,205 5. 41 14.* 4.7 JC .T .13 •OO 3 g 1 2 . 09 * 20 .22 .30 .03 .27 .17 .10 373 35 u O 10.97 in 91 IU, ZX, 7.83 8.30 g 1 5 3,175 3,146 1,449 1 .63 .11 1.15 .27 .13 1. 59 ill 132 95 11.68 13.99 21.85 371 1,228 5.48 1 *. 74 4 .20 .55 .23 ♦on AJ .19 •in JU L 376 36 A H D U 11.06 1ft Vft IU. A) 8.05 8.90 .26 .77 .36 l!98 .a .15 .29 117 133 100 12.31 14.10 23.00 38 !28 1.88 AOA Accidents for States reporting only disabilities extending beyond one week 19,369 21,195 5 0.08 0.47 24 36 0.41 .57 0.25 .47 290 349 4.99 5.48 0.12 .13 314 390 5.40 6.13 0.37 1.07 3 5 2 4 3,558 5,000 1,413 6,173 1 1 1 .07 .24 .05 .40 1.42 .32 7 9 4 10 .65 .60 . 95 *.54 .34 .85 1.03 .26 23 17 36 116 2.15 1.13 8.57 6.26 .05 .04 .52 .19 30 27 41 127 2.80 1.80 9.76 6.85 .39 1.29 2.97 .77 1 1 20 21 1 2 10.00 31.08 .27 .30 2 10.00 31.08 .27 .30 87 4.84 1.00 67 70 3.76 3.67 0 .41 .18 Accidents for State reporting only disabilities extending beyond 10 days Virginia: 1926...................................................................... 3 5,999 10 0.56 0.87 77 4.28 0.13 Accidents for State reporting only disabilities extending beyond two weeks I Alabama: 1926................................................................................. 1927.................................................................................. 9 10 5,917 6,353 5 4 0.28 .21 0.29 .06 62 66 3.48 3.46 0.12 .12 INDUSTRIES 12 16 I MANUFACTURING N Georgia: 1926............................................................... 1 9 2 7 .............................................................. N ew Jersey: * 1926..................................................................... 1927............................................................................. New York: 1926.............. ........................ Virginia: 1927__________ ________ _____ Wisconsin: 1926................................... .......................................... 1927.................... .................................. ACCIDENTS Massachusetts: 1926........... .................................................................. 1927.................................... .......................................... New Hampshire: 1926_................... .......................... __________ __________________ N ew York: 1927____ _____ ___________ _ Pennsylvania: 1927_____________ _______ _____ Tennessee: 1926_..................... ................................ 1927........... ............................ Texas: 1927.................................................. Accidents for State reporting only fatalities and permanent disabilities Pennsylvania: 1926.......................................................... 6 2,539 3 0.39 0.20 3 n so 0.20 •<r CO T a b l e 6 .— Number of accidents and accident frequency and severity rates in specified industries , 1925, 1926 , and 1927 , by States— Continued Q O Electrical machinery [Where no figures are shown no accidents occurred. California reported no temporary disabilities, and Pennsylvania reported none for 1925 and 1926] Permanent disability Death Num ber of estab lish ments Severity Severity Fre rate rate quency N um (per Num (per rate (per ber of 1,000 ber of 1,000 1,000,000 cases hours’ cases hours' hours’ expo expo exposure) sure) sure) Fre quency Full-year N um rate (per workers ber of 1,000,000 cases hours' exposure) Fre quency rate (per 1,000,000 hours’ exposure) Severity rate (per 1,000 hours’ expo sure) N um ber of cases Fre quency rate (per 1,000,000 hours’ exposure) Severity rate (per 1,000 hours’ expo sure) STATISTICS State and year Total Temporary disability i O F Accidents for States reporting all disabilities extending beyond day of injury 2 3 3 9,551 7,560 8 19,047 17 12 21 13 3,560 3,637 10,612 17,877 1 1 i 187 i 298 i 183 20. 23 25.47 12.73 0.27 1.74 .79 .24 .28 .26 30 48 44 11.75 15.49 14.11 .24 1. 37 2. 30 20.52 23.10 43.17 11.50 .45 .61 2.37 .50 609 543 1 774 21. 22 23.93 43.17 13.55 1. 25 1.33 2.37 3.17 28. 56 17.43 16. 65 13. 07 .22 .23 .24 .23 312 ! 198 553 735 29.22 18.16 17. 37 13. 70 1.03 .63 .87 1.12 1.01 1. 53 1.42 3 23 21 0.32 1.97 1.46 0.10 1.39 .62 184 Ai 5 162 19. 91 23.50 11.27 0.17 .35 .17 7 7 851 1,045 1,039 11 9 1 11 i 3,080 3,904 4,792 2. 26 2.24 1.09 2.04 30 41 37 11.75 13.23 11.87 2 1 0.07 .04 0.42 .26 18 18 .63 .79 .38 .46 6 . 11 .63 111 1.94 2.04 589 524 1 657 . 45- 7 8 23 30 .66 .73 .72 .56 .81 .40 .63 .44 305 190 530 701 __ ............"07" Accidents for States reporting only disabilities extending beyond one week Illinois: 1925 ....................................... 1926 ..................... 1927 ............... .. Michigan: 1926 1927................................................................................ 13 20 20 4,944 6,908 7, 270 1 1 113 107 1 0.07 0.40 14 36 28 0.94 1.74 1.2S 0.54 1.34 1.30 54 147 135 3.64 7.10 6.19 0.07 .19 .12 69 183 163 4.65 8.84 7.47 1 .33 .08 1 .33 1 .08 ACCIDENTS 3 5 5 INDUSTRIAL Indiana: 1925 1926 _________ _____ 1927 Maryland: 1995 1926 1927 - - Massachusetts: 1926 - - _________ 1927 \fiTinAsntPi* 1Q 2/5 N ew York: 1927___________________________________ Ohio: 1925 1926 _ _ 1927 . ________ ___________ Pennsylvania: 1927______________ ________ _______ _ 13 13 17 8,329 8,090 8,819 1 1 9 10 20,454 20,800 4 4 3 3 195 2,788 1 .04 .04 .07 .06 . 12 i .24 .25 . 39 . 38 .72 2.48 1.98 1.21 2. 47 1. 74. 1.18 140 134 lo*± 133 74 104 1. 21 1. 67 1.29 1.89 456 711 4 4 .48 1 .29 1 00 1 •10 9H & )o \3 14 165 a 1^ o. 19 7 Oo (. *3 6.24 7.43 11.39 • 33 OO ^34 Oo .73 ftlQ o iy 8. 71 13 I 1 . 19 0 6. 67 11.96 .15 4 6.67 f\K 1UD 19 1 * . OO .15 1 o4 1. q a 76 25 62 48 32 1.30 . 39 1. 52 .60 O* Du i 03 19 • 1& • • 33 Oo 1 j j o ni z. l 1.32 2 01 3! 00 Accidents for States reporting only fatalities and permanent disabilities 1 201 13 14 19,441 21,146 7 4 0.12 .06 0.72 .38 69 21 1.18 .33 0.80 .22 Fertilizers Accidents for States reporting all disabilities extending beyond day of injury 3 5 105 194 1 1 17 18 5 8 2 714 821 126 3 12 4 255 527 495 3 5 1 218 200 117 23 20 1. 72 0.48 1.22 2.80 7.31 76.67 34.36 0.80 .56 23 21 76. 67 36.08 0. 80 3. C .l 2.03 2. 64 .23 3. 09 10. 56 112 116 7 53.33 47.09 18.48 1.18 1.12 .45 114 124 8 54.29 50.34 21.12 4.21 11. 52 11.01 1. 25 .78 27 48 40 33. 75 30.36 26.92 .55 .38 .35 28 48 40 35.00 30.36 26.92 1.33 .38 .35 12 8 22 17.14 13.33 62.68 .36 .51 .77 12 8 22 17.14 13.33 62.68 INDUSTRIES Indiana: 1926...................... 1927____________ Iowa: 192 6 192 7 Maryland: 1926.___________ 1927____________ N ew York: 1927___ Ohio: 192 6 192 7 Pennsylvania: 1927. Tennessee: 192 6 192 7 _____ Texas: 1927________ I MANUFACTURING N California: 1927.............................................. Pennsylvania: 1925..................................... .................... 1926.................................................................... ACCIDENTS N ew Jersey: * 1925__________________________ 1 9 2 6 ................... ........................ 1927................. ...................... * _____ N ew York: 1925______________________ _______ _____________ 1926_............................................... Wisconsin: 1926.......................................... 1927..................................................... .36 .51 .77 l Closed cases only are reported. OO T able 6. -Number o f accidents and accident frequency and severity rates in specified industries, 1925, 1926 and 1927, by States— Continued 00 fcO Fertilizers— Continued [Where no figures are shown no accidents occurred. California reported no temporary disabilities, and Pennsylvania reported none for 1925 and 19261 Permanent disability Death Num ber of estab lish ments Fre Full-year quency workers N um rate (per ber of 1,000,000 cases hours’ exposure) Severity Severity Severity Fre Fre rate rate rate quency quency N um (per Num (per N um (per rate (per rate (per ber of 1,000 ber of 1,000,000 1,000 ber of 1,000 1,000,000 cases hours’ cases hours’ cases hours' hours’ hours’ expo expo expo exposure) exposure) sure) sure) sure) Fre quency rate (per 1,000,000 hours’ exposure) Severity rate (per 1,000 hours’ expo sure) O F Accidents for States reporting only disabilities extending beyond one week 1 1 0.53 .34 3.13 2.03 1 7 0.53 2.37 2.09 2.29 18 72 9.47 24.40 0.22 .60 20 80 10.53 27.11 5.44 4.92 1 2 68 530 1 .63 3. 77 10 6.29 2. 54 10 46 50.00 28.92 .62 .71 10 57 50.00 35.84 .62 7.02 1 1 1 2 10 1 639 983 249 207 285 131 759 1 1.17 7. 02 1 5 1 1.61 5.85 2. 50 1.93 14. 50 10.14 1 .44 2.63 10 6 15 8 28 14.29 9.67 17. 54 20.00 12. 29 .57 .24 .43 1.25 .35 10 7 21 9 29 14.29 11.28 24.56 22.50 12.73 .57 2.17 21.95 11.39 2.98 44 27.51 16.52 5.10 0.28 Accidents for State reporting only disabilities extending beyond 10 days Virginia: 1926 3 __________ ____ ___ 517 ] A lf l h f t m f l’ 1097 4 2. 50 15. 48 1 0.63 0.19 0. 85 24. 38 39 Accidents for State reporting only disabilities extending beyond two weeks 5 196 5 .10 I 3 0.28 3 t 1 Accidents for States reporting only fatalities and permanent disabilities r 'a l if n r r n n * 1Q97 3 2 68 142 1 ____ | _____ ! i ........... i 1 . ACCIDENTS 3 12 INDUSTRIAL Georgia: 1926 . . _ ....................................................... ...........- ..........- ..........- ...................... 1927 Illinois: 1926 1927 _ _________________ _____ _ Michigan: 1926 1927 N ew Jersey: 1927 _ _____________________________ New York* 1926 _____ I Virginia* 1927 STATISTICS State and year Total Temporary disability Flour Accidents for States reporting all disabilities extending beyond day of injury 185 186 5.00 1. 79 6.49 .54 12 15 26.88 2 .43 .26 9 17 108 2 2 2.00 2.20 . 61 . 66 1 11.31 8.48 .58 .90 1.08 .52 .98 .45 20.00 2 0.43 2. 57 329 302 29 76 1 .39 .51 .13 2.32 3.08 .81 6 7 8 2 2.86 13. 79 1 .27 1.63 9 2.45 3.11 121 218 260 1,224 34 7 1 1. 71 2.57 248 302 187 1 1 1 1.43 1.10 1.78 2.42 .33 1.07 24.84 23.18 .57 .22 .34 112 9 17 20.86 24.84 24.04 .57 .22 3.17 33.00 62.83 .36 .86 35 59 35.00 65.03 .97 1. 52 33.94 70.00 58.63 .90 1.19 1.09 4 14 13 45.25 70.00 63.52 9.38 1.19 30.41 18.49 18.48 32.50 .25 .52 .35 .14 167 146 13 19.46 21.41 19. 69 32.50 4.58 1.61 .14 43 41 44 61.43 52.59 11.99 .85 .97 .52 45 41 54 64.29 52.59 14.71 14.64 .97 5.26 40.00 40.00 .26 8 11 1 5 80.00 18.83 2.69 50.00 .70 .37 .03 1.15 80.00 20.54 2.69 50.00 .70 2.94 .03 1.15 22 16 18 31.43 17.64 32.07 .23 .10 .54 32.86 18.74 33.85 2.65 .43 1.61 191 156 137 13 20.86 20.00 201 INDUSTRIES 195 124 44 6.80 .85 3 14 12 ‘ 25.00 28.67 33 57 29. 32 4 4 1 3,443 2,596 2,471 4.89 15 16 4 143 228 1, 553 0.31 .31 I MANUFACTURING N 3 1 ACCIDENTS Indiana: 192 6 192 7 Iowa: 192 5 1927____________ Kansas: 1927 2______ K entucky: 192 6 192 7 M aryland: 192 5 192 6 192 7 Minnesota: 192 5 1926.____________ 1927____________ M ontana: 1926_____ Nebraska: 192 6 192 7 N ew York: 1927____ North Dakota: 192 6 192 7 Ohio: 192 6 192 7 Pennsylvania: 1927South Dakota: 1926 Tennessee: 1 9 2 6 -.................... 1927_____________ Texas: 1927___......... Accidents for State reporting only disabilities extending beyond five days Oklahoma: 1927- (3 ) 1 Closed cases only are reported. 2 Records for six months only (July to December). 0.82 3 Fatal cases not reported. 34.90 i 00 CO T able 6.—Number of accidents and accident frequency and severity rates in specified industries, 1925, 1926, and 1927, by States—Continued 00 Flour— Continued [Where no figures are shown no accidents occurred. California reported no temporary disabilities, and Permanent disability Death Fre Full-year quency workers N um rate (per ber of 1,000,000 cases hours’ exposure) Total Temporary disability Severity Severity Fre rate rate quency N um (per N um (per rate (per ber of 1,000 ber of 1,000 1,000,000 cases hours’ cases hours’ hours’ expo expo exposure) sure) sure) Fre quency rate (per 1,000,000 hours’ exposure) Severity rate Num (per ber of 1,000 cases hours’ expo sure) Fre quency rate (per 1,000,000 hours’ exposure) Severity rate (per 1,000 hours’ expo sure) O F Accidents for States reporting only disabilities extending beyond one week 21 1 16.03 0.45 1 16.03 0.45 2 2 244 236 1 1 1.43 1.42 0.41 .71 12 23 17.14 32.54 .31 .63 13 24 18. 57 33.96 .72 1.34 5 5 4 2 468 428 1,312 67 2 1 8 1 1.43 .78 2.05 .96 .43 .23 2.74 .29 24 9 58 1 17.14 7.02 14.87 .96 .48 .25 .83 .03 26 10 66 3 18.57 7.80 16.92 2.88 .91 .48 3.57 6.07 1 1 18 201 9 9 90.00 14.91 6.83 .37 9 9 90.00 14.91 6.83 .37 5 25.00 3.53 1 5.75 0.96 Accidents for State reporting only disabilities extending beyond 10 days Virginia* 1926 - - - - - ____ 2 78 1 1 2. 57 5.00 4 20.00 0.96 1 Accidents for State reporting only fatalities and permanent disabilities P on T icvlT TQ n iQ • 1Q9,fi 4 93 | I ACCIDENTS 1 INDUSTRIAL Georgia* 1927 Illinois: 1926 ................................... 1927 Michigan: 1926 1927 _________ N ew York* 1926 Virginia: 1927. _ _________________________________ Wisconsin: 1926 1927 STATISTICS Num ber of estab lish ments State and year Pennsylvania reported none for 1925 and 1926] Foundry and machine-shop products Accidents for States reporting all disabilities extending beyond day of injury 0.16 1.71 1.48 415 399 265 73.23 58.68 43.61 0.78 .82 .67 418 412 277 73. 76 60.59 45.58 0.94 4.31 5.11 15 5 8 1.80 .65 1.04 1.38 .29 .49 316 120 137 16 37. 82 15. 59 17.85 21.30 .52 .35 .37 .41 332 126 145 16 39.74 16.37 18.89 21.30 2.62 1.42 .86 .41 10 5 5.26 8.09 5.60 9.47 87 79 45. 79 127.87 .78 1.96 97 84 51.05 135.96 6.38 11.43 6.94 3 1 3.33 1.72 2.49 1.03 86 33 95. 56 56.82 .78 1.03 90 34 100.00 58.54 10. 21 2.06 25 1.52 6 1 1 1.52 2.00 2.11 3.35 .61 .63 155 17 18 39.22 34.00 38.03 .64 .56 .60 162 18 19 40. 99 36.00 40.14 5.53 1.17 1.23 2 .10 .62 5 9 .26 .61 . 14 .30 206 335 10.56 22.58 .27 .53 . 213 344 10.92 23.19 1.03 .83 1 1 1 .26 .37 .31 1. 56 2.23 1.89 4 5 6 1.04 1.85 1.89 1.25 2.27 .66 70 104 69 18.20 38.52 21. 69 .41 1.18 .40 75 no 76 19.50 40.74 23.89 3.22 5.68 2.95 207 220 3 4.56 48 1.37 80.00 37 2. 71 56.18 .90 48 40 80.00 60.74 2.71 2.27 3 3 23 1,046 933 13,411 1 2 186 .32 •71 4.62 .57 .38 4. 55 78 52 654 25.16 18. 57 16. 25 .29 .26 .76 79 54 851 25.48 19.28 21.14 .86 .64 6.95 2 1 45 33 26 20 192. 59 200.32 2.98 1.06 26 20 192.59 200.32 2.98 1.06 29 40 69 92 7,629 11.829 17,590 26.830 2 3 298 945 10 10 9 2 2,785 2,557 2,559 250 2 2 640 206 2 2 288 194 1 1.11 10 1 1 1,317 165 158 1 21 20 6,504 4,946 9 5 6 1,282 897 1,061 3 3 2 3 0.29 .49 1.78 2.96 1 1 . 12 .13 .72 .78 11 2 10 11 12 .27 .09 .28 .21 .15 1.64 .52 1.69 1.25 .89 17 40 43 51 .74 1.13 .81 .63 .46 1.12 .52 .44 1,326 1,897 1,632 2,657 57.93 53.44 30.93 33.01 .43 .67 .46 .40 1,345 1,947 1,686 2,720 58. 76 54.85 31.95 33.79 1.41 3.48 2.23 1.73 5 1.76 2.33 39 34 43.33 11.99 .47 .12 39 39 43.33 13.75 .47 2.45 INDUSTRIES 0. 53 1.62 1.48 1,889 2,250 2,025 I MANUFACTURING N J Records for six months only (July to December). 3 U 9 15 12 12 ACCIDENTS Indiana: 1925 ................... ............................................................ 1926_________________________________ __________ 1927____________________________________________ Iowa: 1925___________________ _____ ______ _____ _____ 1926___________________________________ ________ 1927____________________________________________ Kansas: 1927 2 _____________ _____________________ Kentucky: 1926____________________________________________ 1927___________ ________________________________ Maine: 1926____________________________________________ 1927_______________________________ _____ _______ Maryland: 1925________________________________ ____________ 1926____________________________________________ 1927____________________________________________ Massachusetts: 1926____________________________________________ 1927____________________________________________ Minnesota: 1925____________________________________________ 1926____________________________________________ 1927____________________________________________ Nebraska: 1926____________________________________________ 1927____________________________________________ N ew Hampshire: 1926____________________________________________ 1927____________________________________________ N ew York: 1927___________________________________ N orth Dakota: 1926____________________________________________ 1927____________________________________________ Ohio: 1925__________________________________ ________ _ 1926____________________________________________ 1927______________________________________ ______ Pennsylvania: 1927________________________________ ■Tennessee: 1926____________________________ ______ ________ _ 1927................................................................................ 00 Ox T a b l e 6«— N um ber o f accidents and accident frequen cy and severity rates in specified industries, 1925, 1926, and 1927, by States — Continued [Where no figures are shown no accidents occurred. California reported no tem porary disabilities, and Pennsylvania reported none for 1925 and 192G] Death Num ber of estab lish ments Fre Full-year quency workers N um rate (per ber of 1,000,000 cases hours' exposure) Permanent disability Temporary disability Severity Severity Fre rate rate quency Num (per Num (per rate (per ber of 1,000 1,000 ber of 1,000,000 cases hours’ hours’ cases hours’ expoexpo exposure) j sure) sure) Fre quency rate (per 1,000,000 hours’ exposure) Total Severity rate Num (per ber of 1,000 cases hours’ expo sure) Fre quency rate (per 1,000,000 hours’ exposure) Severity rate (per 1,000 hours’ expo sure) STATISTICS State and year 00 05 Foundry and machine-shop products— Continued Accidents for States reporting all disabilities extending beyond day of injury— Continued O F i 9 1,340 8 1.99 2.20 272 67. 64 1.01 280 69. 63 3.21 1 1 343 262 4 1 4. 00 1. 27 7. 67 2.29 86 46 86.00 58. 53 1.11 .69 90 47 90.00 59.80 8.78 2.98 347 71.19 4.73 Accidents for State reporting only disabilities extending beyond five days Oklahoma: 1927___________________________________ 5 220 2 (3 ) 3.03 3.18 J 45 68.16 1.55 ______- ..........- ____ - ................................. Illinois: ] 925 - _________ _______________ _____________ 1926 _________________________________ 1927 _____________________________ Michigan: 1925 ........................................................................... 1926 _______ ___________________ _____ 1927 _________ ____________________________ N ew Jersey:1 1925 _____________ _____________________________ 1926 ....................................................................... 1927.................................................................................. 6 1, 300 1 0. 26 1.54 12 3, 08 1.11 2. 49 84 21. 54 0. 48 .62 97 81 24. 88 22. 43 4. 51 1. 74 20 26 25 10,293 7,203 6,674 1 3 2 .03 . 14 . 10 . 19 .83 .60 26 55 66 .84 2. 55 3.29 .78 1.82 2. 71 239 328 274 7.74 15.19 13.69 .26 . 36 .32 266 386 342 8. 61 17.88 17.08 1.23 3.01 3.63 5 26 24 4,078 6,375 5,531 1 8 2 .08 .42 .12 .49 2.51 .72 15 15 11 1. 23 .79 .66 .94 . 53 .32 133 482 328 10.87 25.24 19.77 .26 .63 .56 149 505 341 12.18 26.45 20. 55 1. 69 3.67 1.60 21 20 20 5,672 4,833 4,727 2 .12 .71 2 .14 .85 55 82 125 3.23 5.66 8. 81 2. 31 4.85 9. 91 234 243 221 3. 75 16.76 15.58 .41 . 27 .42 291 325 348 17.10 22.42 24.53 3.43 5.12 11.18 ACCIDENTS Accidents for States reporting only disabilities extending beyond one week Georgia: 1926 INDUSTRIAL Texas: 1927_____ _____ _________________________ _ West Virginia: 1926_________________________________ ______ __ 1927____________ ________ _____ _______________ New York: 192 5 192 6 Virginia: 1927 Wisconsin: 192 5 192 6 192 7 15 22 4 14 17 17 10,104 16,425 930 3 14 3,232 8,796 229 3 .1 0 .1 1 1 .04 .24 8, 1 1 .1 0 .28 .36 .59 1.70 2.15 128 199 4 4.22 4.04 1.44 3.90 3.71 .72 .62 8 .6 8 55 36 .82 2.08 1.46 .32 1. 71 .8 6 322 844 86 211 864 583 10.62 17.12 30.86 .58 1.16 .76 453 1,057 91 21. 76 32. 73 23. 61 .43 .59 .57 5.07 6.57 3.63 2 2 .6 8 922 620 34.92 25.11 1.37 2.98 1.67 87 39.54 8. 108 62 17.14 10.95 1. 29 2.06 Accidents for State reporting only disabilities extending beyond 10 days Virginia: 1926. 3 717 1 0.45 2.79 6 . 2.73 4.65 80 36. 36 0.90 34 Accidents for State reporting only disabilities extending beyond two weeks Alabama: 192 6 192 7 3 4 2,092 1 ,8 8 8 6 1 0.18 1.06 7 0. 95 1.24 0. 84 102 .6 6 54 16.19 9.53 0.45 .34 Accidents for States reporting only fatalities and permanent disabilities California: 192 6 192 7 Pennsylvania: 192 5 . 192 6 . 1,936 2,056 1 2 0.17 .32 1.03 1.95 14 14 2.41 2. 27 2.91 1.92 15 16 2. 58 2.59 3.94 3.87 109 85 27,121 28, 547 5 16 .06 .19 .37 1 .1 2 47 109 .58 1. 27 .53 .98 52 125 .64 1.46 2 .1 0 469 493 472 25. 69 25.54 25.71 0.50 2.60 1.91 36 35 23.79 20.’ 59 12.23 . 19 .80 .24 .90 Furniture Accidents for States reporting all disabilities extending beyond day of injury Indiana: 192 5 . 192 6 192 7 Iowa: 192 5 192 6 192 7 Kansas: 1927 a. 50 52 52 5 4 4 504 559 600 1 1 Closed cases only are reported. 6,086 6,418 6,119 11 1 0.26 1.92 1.59 458 453 433 25.09 23.47 23.59 0.24 2 .1 2 .18 36 34 23.79 .59 22 11 40 39 0.60 2.07 12.23 . 19 .62 .24 2 Record is for six months only (July to December). 2 0 .0 0 .6 8 .32 22 * Fatal cases not reported. INDUSTRIES 17 18 I MANUFACTURING N 220 ACCIDENTS 14.94 21.44 32.66 00 T a b l e 6 .— Number of accidents and accident frequency and severity rates in specified industries, 1925, 1926, and 1927, by States— Continued Furniture— Continued [Where no figures are shown no accidents occurred. California reported no temporary disabilities, and Death N um ber of estab lish ments Fre Full-year quency workers N u m rate (per ber of 1,000,000 cases hours’ exposure) Pennsylvania reported none for 1925 and 1926] Permanent disability Temporary disability Severity Severity Fre rate rate N um quency (per Num (per rate (per ber of 1,000 1,000 ber of 1,000,000 cases hours’ hours’ cases hours’ expo expo exposure) sure) sure) Fre quency rate (per 1,000,000 hours’ exposure) Total Severity rate (per Num ber of 1,000 hours’ cases expo sure) Fre quency rate (per 1,000,000 hours’ exposure) Severity rate (per 1,000 hours’ expo sure) STATISTICS State and year 00 00 Accidents for States reporting all disabilities extending beyond day of injury— Continued 0.11 . 14 7 7 7.00 8.22 0.42 .49 12.00 20.03 .15 .70 6 9 12.00 20.03 .15 .70 .85 2.34 30 34 29 23. 72 17.89 12.59 .58 .31 .21 30 37 36 23.72 19.47 15.63 .58 1.16 2.55 .93 .42 11 18 5.79 8.37 .19 .15 11 20 5.79 9.30 .19 .57 4.20 1. 33 3.63 2.76 1.76 1.80 38 93 70 19 106 19.97 31.00 25.42 61.49 9.02 .36 .60 .44 .27 .3 0 46 97 81 19 137 24.17 32.33 29.41 61.49 11.66 3.12 2.36 4.42 .27 3.20 14.09 10.00 21.94 21.25 .29 .21 .28 .26 85 15 220 218 15. 55 10.00 22.98 22.16 1. 55 .21 1.48 1.08 1 1 156 150 7 10 11 422 649 768 3 7 1.58 3.04 5 6 624 717 2 8 9 9 1 20 634 1,002 918 103 3, 916 15 8 27 30 1, 821 496 3,191 3,279 5 5 4 4 4 1.00 1.17 0. 31 .35 1 0. 36 2.18 8 4 10 1 .09 .51 30 2. 55 2.39 8 1.46 1.26 9 9 .94 .91 .57 .82 77 15 210 209 1 .10 .63 910 937 521 1 .64 3. 84 7 12 4 2.59 4.27 2.56 1. 32 2.93 2.02 102 82 64 37.78 29.15 40.95 .30 .27 .56 109 94 69 40.37 33.42 44.15 1.62 3.20 6.42 485 507 1 . 66 3. 95 4 1 2.67 .66 1.86 .49 22 38 14.67 24.99 .23 .36 26 40 17. 34 26.31 2.09 4.80 ACCIDENTS 6.00 7.05 324 284 INDUSTRIAL 6 6 6 9 1 1 3 3 O F Kentucky: 192 6 192 7 M aine: 192 6 ____ 192 7 M aryland: 192 5 192 6 .1927________________ Massachusetts: 192 6 192 7 Minnesota: 192 5 192 6 192 7 New Hampshire: 1926. New York: 1927______ Ohio: 192 5 926________________ 1927________________ Pennsylvania: 1927___ Tennessee: 192 6 192 7 ......... Texas: 1927___________ W est Virginia: 1926_______________ 1927______________ _ Accidents for State reporting only disabilities extending beyond five days Oklahoma: 1927................................................................. 1 62 1 (?) 1 5.34 0.09 21 5.34 0.09 1 Accidents for State reporting only disabilities extending beyond one week 3 3 500 505 16 25 25 2,828 4,356 6,630 5 37 36 2 2,013 9, 052 8,937 449 14 18 2 13 13 13 3 2.00 2.60 9 12 6.00 7.92 0.08 .25 12 12 8.00 7.92 2.68 .25 10 22 22 1.18 1.68 1.11 .71 1.14 .99 97 168 150 11. 43 12.82 7.54 .26 .23 . 16 107 190 173 12.61 14. 50 8.70 . 97 1. 37 1. 45 - 48 36 7 1.76 1.34 5.20 1.28 .66 6.31 32 229 211 11 5.30 8.42 7.87 8.16 .20 .27 .18 .25 32 280 247 18 5.30 10.29 9.21 13.36 . 20 2. 21 .84 6. 56 2,930 3,621 599 23 39 5 2.62 3. 58 2.78 2. 70 4. 09 1. 92 53 129 7 6.03 11.83 3.90 .27 .20 .08 76 168 12 8.65 15.41 6.68 2.97 4.29 2.00 2,888 3, 216 3,105 3 11 7 .35 1.15 .76 .14 _ .92 .39 82 78 78 9.46 8.13 8.37 . 17 .20 .20 85 89 85 9.81 9.28 9.13 .31 1.12 . 59 19 11.18 1 3 0- 05 .11 0.30 . 66 Accidents for State reporting only disabilities extending beyond 10 days Virginia: 1926................................................................................. 2 559 5 2.94 1.34 14 8. 24 0.27 1.61 i 1 Accidents for States reporting only fatalities and permanent disabilities California: 1926................................................................................. 1927.............................................................................. .. Pennsylvania: 1925__________ _______ ____________________ _____ 1926_____________ ______ ______ ______ ________ _ 7 7 916 1,108 32 25 4,393 2,923 1 Closed cases only are reported. 1 0. 30 1. 81 2 8 0. 74 2.41 0. 65 1.10 2 9 0.74 2. 71 0. 65 2. 91 17 10 1. 29 1.14 . 76 .63 17 1, 29 1.14 . 76 .63 3 Fatal cases not reported. 10 ACCIDENTS IN MANUFACTUBING IN D U STBIES Georgia: 1 9 2 6 ................................. ........................................ 1 9 2 7 -_____________________________ ________ Illinois: 1925______________ _____ _________________ 1926............................................................................. 1927________________________________ _________ Michigan: 1925________________________________________ 1926_____________________________ ___________ 1927_______________________________ ________ N ew Jersev:1 1927______________ ______ New York: 1925_______________________________ 1926_____________________________ ______ Virginia: 1927________________________ _____ . Wisconsin: 1925______________________ ______ _____________ 1926_____________________ ______ _________ 1927______________________ ____ ___________ T a b le 6. — Number of accidents and accident frequency and severity rates in specified industries, 1925, 1926 , and 1927 , by States— Continued CO Glass [Where no figures are shown no accidents occurred. California reported no temporary disabilities, and Pennsylvania reported none for 1926 and 1926] Death N um ber of estab lish ments Fre Full-year quency workers N um rate (per ber of 1 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0 cases hours’ exposure) Temporary disability Severity Severity Fre rate rate quency Num N um (per (per rate (per ber of ber of 1 ,0 0 0 1 ,0 0 0 1 , 0 0 0 ,0 0 0 cases hours' cases hours' hours’ expo expo exposure) sure) sure) Fre quency rate (per 1 , 0 0 0 ,0 0 0 hours’ exposure) Total Severity rate N um (per ber of 1 ,0 0 0 cases hours' expo sure) Fre quency rate (per 1 ,0 0 0 0 0 0 hours’ exposure) Severity rate (per 1,00 0 hours’ expo sure) O F Accidents for States reporting all disabilities extending beyond day of injury 11 5 2,774 1 ,0 1 2 1,151 1 1 0 .6 6 321 38.57 1.06 .50 1.35 1.95 1 7 4 3,246 2,456 0.15 .42 .19 0.89 2.52 1 .1 2 .63 .33 1.74 .19 .79 1.39 65 78 85 20.61 26.33 24.62 .31 .56 .6 6 67 79 91 21.24 26.66 26.36 2 6 8 1 .43 .90 .48 .05 .77 .73 .60 .03 414 358 608 844 88.93 53.43 36.49 39.31 .75 .62 .49 .44 416 365 623 849 89.36 54.48 37.39 39.55 1.52 2.24 3.51 1.59 16.67 22.71 .2 2 .17 10 12 16.67 22.71 .17 351 368 36.19 49.93 .41 .63 361 375 37.22 50.88 1.80 3.52 317 8.64 .2 0 68 4.71 9.40 1.29 2.04 2 10 5 4 37.97 10 12 1, 552 2,249 5,554 7,156 14 25 316 2 1 6 1,051 6 6 0.40 176 10 3 .41 2.44 4 1.03 .64 1.39 ,45 .2 2 Accidents for State reporting only disabilities extending beyond five day* fllrlflhnma* 1Q27 6 656 17 (8 ) 8.64 0 .2 0 Accidents for State reporting only disabilities extending beyond one week N ew Jersey: 1 1926 1927 _______________________ ___________ . ____ 6 6 4,632 2,588 1 0.07 0.43 7 9 0.50 1.16 0. 76 1.83 50 64 3.60 8.24 0 .1 0 .2 1 73 ACCIDENTS 4 4 4 0.60 INDUSTRIAL Indiana* 1927 ______ _ _ _ _ _ Maryland: 1926 ........................... . 1926 ..................... 1927 ............................. Ohio: 1925 _ _ __ ............... 1926 _____________ __________________ 1927 ________________________________ Pennsylvania: 1927 __ ______________________ - Tennessee: 1926 1927 __ ................................... W est Virginia: 1926 .................- ........................................ 1927 ............................................................. STATISTICS State and year Permanent disability Accidents for States reporting only fatalities and permanent disabilities California: 192 6 192 7 Pennsylvania: 1925............ 1926............. 2 3 171 653 25 20 4,903 4,662 1 4 0. 51 .29 I 0. 51 0.15 2 1.02 3.21 1.72 7 14 .48 1.00 .59 1.07 7 18 .48 1.29 . 59 2.79 Hardware Accidents for States reporting all disabilities extending beyond day of injury 1 1 1 100 92 266 3 5 6 786 836 2,570 1 1 3 1 0.40 2. 39 3.33 3.62 3.76 4 7 4 1.67 2.79 .52 2.51 6.52 4.88 • 7 14 6 23.33 50.70 7.51 0.59 .57 .60 8 15 9 26.66 54. 32 11.26 3.10 7.09 5.48 .51 1.55 .25 68 104 206 28.33 41.46 26. 72 .58 .82 .30 72 112 210 30.00 44.65 27.24 1.09 4.76 .56 Accidents for States reporting only disabilities extending beyond one week 6 6 2, 250 2,481 24 15 3.53 2.01 2.32 1.79 61 47 8.97 6.31 0.18 .14 85 62 12.50 8.32 2.50 1.93 3 3 4 1 476 505 600 297 9 4 17 2 6.43 2.64 9.45 2.22 1.82 .99 11. 25 .68 20 15 24 5 14.29 9.90 13.34 5.56 .49 .41 .26 .66 29 19 41 7 20. 72 12.54 22.79 7.78 2.31 1.40 11.51 1.34 1. 57 0.53 Accidents for State reporting only fatalities and permanent disabilities Pennsylvania: 1926. 2,337 1 Closed cases only reported. 0. 53 INDUSTRIES Illinois: 1926_ .................... 1927....................... Michigan: 192 6 192 7 New Jersey: 1 1927. New York: 1926___ I MANUFACTURING N M aine: 192 6 .................. 192 7 N ew York: 1927........ Ohio: 192 6 192 7 Pennsylvania: 1927.. ACCIDENTS 3.06 8 Fatal cases not reported. CO T able 6.— Number of accidents and accident frequency and severity rates in specified industries, 1925, 1926, and 1927, by States— Continued J© leather [Where no figures are shown no accidents occurred. California reported no tem porary disabilities, and Pennsylvania reported none for 1925 and 1926] Death Num ber of estab lish ments Fre Full-year quency workers N um rate (per ber of 1,000,000 cases hours’ exposure) Total Temporary disability Severity Severity Fre rate rate quency (per Num Num (per rate (per ber of 1,000 ber of 1,000 1,000,000 cases hours’ cases hours’ hours’ expo expo exposure) sure) sure) Fre quency rate (per 1,000,000 hours’ exposure) Severity rate Num (per ber of 1,000 cases hours’ expo sure) Fre quency rate (per 1,000,000 hours’ exposure) Severity rate (per 1,000 hours’ expo sure) Accidents for States reporting all disabilities extending beyond day of injury Kentucky: 1926 1927 M aryland: 1926 1927 - . Massachusetts: 1926____________________________________________ 1927 . . . . N ew York: 1927___________________________________ Ohio: 1926 ................. 1927 ______________ Pennsylvania’ 1927 W est Virginia: 1926 1927 1 1 105 92 1 3. 62 2. 72 5 11 16.67 39.86 0.22 .80 5 12 16.67 43.48 0.22 3.52 4 4 569 548 2 1 1.18 .61 3.05 2.44 14 17 8.23 10.34 .30 .15 16 18 9.41 10.95 3.35 2. 59 13 17 9 4,251 4,451 1,824 1 1 17 295 328 3,943 2 2 310 335 2 0.16 0.94 1 . 18 1.10 2 2 8 .16 .15 1. 46 .05 .04 .99 125 333 115 9.77 24.94 21.02 .23 .38 .55 129 335 124 10.09 25.09 22.66 1.22 .42 2.64 2 .17 1. 01 1 1 5 1.11 1.02 .42 1.36 1.22 .15 16 30 414 17.78 30.50 35.00 .34 .63 .45 17 31 421 18.89 31.52 35.59 1.70 1.85 1.61 2 1 2.22 .96 3. 55 .29 27 28 30.00 26.75 .55 .29 29 29 32.22 27.71 4.10 .58 Accidents for States reporting only disabilities extending beyond one week Georgia: 1926 . ___ 1927 ................................... ............ Illinois: 1925 1926 ______ 1927____________________________________________ 1 1 451 320 5 7 7 1,378 1, 594 2. 431 1 _____ I ______ 1 1 0.71 1.04 2.66 .31 28 26 20.00 27.12 0.39 .63 29 27 20.71 28.16 3.05 .94 7 17 20 1.69 3.54 2.74 1.91 3.14 2.60 58 79 60 14.03 16.46 8.23 .34 .61 .20 65 96 80 15. 72 20.00 10.97 2.25 3.75 2.80 STATISTICS OF INDUSTRIAL ACCIDENTS State and year Permanent disability 2 2 560 532 3 4 1.76 2.51 1 .32 40 29 23.53 18.18 1.47 .42 43 33 25.29 20.69 OO Q A O 7 10 9 1,455 2,286 2,256 15 16 14 3.43 2.32 2.07 2.11 1.36 3.62 33 60 39 7.56 8.70 5.76 .23 .29 .11 48 76 53 10.99 11.02 7 .0 0 1 as 9 04 A 1 A K i« O O Q <0 O 40 . 7 6 8 1 763 1,849 124 1 3 17 1 1.31 3.09 2.68 1.84 3.75 4.83 17 102 10 7.43 18.55 26.84 .35 .73 . 88 21 119 11 9.18 91 »G 4 * 1 04 29.52 4.81 4 5 5 1,835 3,025 2,518 1 2 1 3 4 2 .55 .44 .26 .16 .65 .08 74 97 63 13.44 10.66 8.34 .28 .51 .18 78 103 14.17 11 .32 66 8.73 1.53 2.48 1.05 11 36.67 1.30 1 0.44 .18 .22 .13 2.62 1.09 1.32 .79 . 89 1 . *A X 7 AA Q K 11 O 71 . Accidents for State reporting only disabilities extending beyond 10 days Virginia: 1926.. 1 113 11 36.67 1.30 Accidents for States reporting only fatalities and permanent disabilities California: 1926__......... 1927_______ Pennsylvania: 1925_______ 1926........... 5 5 544 554 1 1 0.63 .61 3.68 3.61 14 17 3,870 3,966 1 .08 .50 3 1.80 0.78 4 0.63 241 3.68 4.39 2 . 17 .76 .05 .59 2 10 .17 .84 .05 1.09 9 lu m b er— Planing mills Accidents for States reporting all disabilities extending beyond day of injury Indiana: 1925................................................. .. 1926_..................................................... 1927__________ ________ ______ Iowa: 192 5 . 192 6 192 7 ............................................ . Kentucky: 192 6 ________ 192 7 i Closed eases only are reported. 8 10 10 624 711 634 2 1.05 7 8 8 1,770 1,820 1,566 2 2 2 2 823 819 2 2 13 6. 31 2 .36 .42 2.19 2. 55 12 6 .81 4.88 20 5 14 1.07 6.19 1.05 0.32 7.10 1.89 93 83 68 49. 71 39.52 35.73 0.35 .53 .65 95 96 72 50.78 45. 71 37.83 0.67 7.63 8.85 .94 2.18 1.28 1.24 1.36 .57 44 75 58 8.29 13.64 12.35 .2 0 .33 .29 49 89 9.23 16.18 14.05 1.44 3.88 3.41 5. 60 8.14 1.94 5. 72 198 100 79.20 40.70 1.87 1.40 84.80 49.65 ACCIDENTS IN MANUFACTURING INDUSTRIES 36904°— 29- Michigan: 192 6 192 7 N ew Jersey:1 192 5 192 6 192 7 N ew York: 192 5 192 6 Virginia: 1927 Wisconsin: 192 5 192 6 192 7 1 2 .0 0 66 212 . 122 3.81 CO 00 T a b le 6.— Number of accidents and accident frequency and severity rates in specified industries, 1925, 1926, and 1927, by States— Continued Lumber— Planing mills— Continued [Where no figures are shown no accidents occurred. California reported no temporary disabilities, Permanent disability Death Fre Full-year quency workers N u m rate (per ber of 1,000,000 cases hours’ exposure) Total Temporary disability Severity Severity Fre rate rate quency Num (per Num (per rate (per ber of 1,000 ber of 1,000 1,000,000 hours' cases cases hours' hours’ expo expo exposure) sure) sure) Fre quency rate (per 1,000,000 hours' exposure) Severity rate Num (per ber of 1,000 cases hours' expo sure) Fre quency rate (per 1,000,000 hours’ exposure) Severity rate (per 1,000 hours’ expo sure) Accidents for States reporting all disabilities extending beyond day of injury— Continued M aine: 1926 1927 Maryland: 1925 1926 1927 Minnesota: 1925 1926 1927 XTattt TT <> • ■ha » JN6W JtLampsmre.» New Y ork: 1927 Ohio: 1925 1926 1927 1 1 ____________________________ - ___ 1007 ... ___________ -------------------------------------------------------------- - — - ____- 5 8 8 272 607 538 4 5 5 1 19 458 523 373 121 3,080 __ v i v a n ip • 1Q27 Tennessee: 1926 1927 Texas: 1927 ____________ __________ _________ 3 5 8 6 438 368 543 621 2 2 ______________________________ 2 4 52 48 338 827 246 3! 1 0. 55 3.29 10.00 27.93 0.19 .59 2 4 10.00 27.93 0.19 .59 1 3 3 1.23 1. 78 1.86 3.68 .76 3.59 38 50 42 46.55 27.78 26.00 1.15 .79 .66 39 54 45 47.78 30.11 27. 86 4.83 4.84 4.25 3.13 2.68 3 15 2.59 2 25 9 1.45 15.63 8.05 .01 .36 .35 2 30 13 1.45 18. 76 11.62 .01 3.51 8.31 1 .89 5.37 5 3 1 .11 .65 32 3.46 4.79 169 18.29 .65 202 21.86 6.00 3 .2.28 2.28 3 1. 61 .48 27 16 45 56 20.53 14.55 27.65 30= 07 .33 . 20 .51 .42 31 16 45 59 23.57 14.55 27.65 31.68 7.17 .20 .51 .90 3 4.06 1.62 18 15 68 18.00 6.04 91. 98 .36 .07 1. 21 18 15 72 18.00 6.04 97.39 .36 .07 10.95 1 ;! 1 9 22.00 I 13.51 | 13.03 1.52 1 .76 1. 35 1 4.56 8.12 Accidents for States reporting only disabilities extending beyond one week Georgia: 1926 _______________________________ 1Q27 _____________________________________ | 2 1 o ! 177 | 222 1 i j j 2. 00 | ____i 11.30 1 2 ,0 0 3.00 1.16 : 1.35 9 7 18.00 j 10. 51 I 0.57 -17 I STATISTICS OF INDUSTRIAL ACCIDENTS N um ber of estab lish ments State and year and Pennsylvania reported none for 1925 and 1926] 8 17 16 667 1,802 1,557 2 3 1.00 .56 6.00 3. 30 3 16 22 1.50 2.96 4.71 2.40 4.36 5.23 28 126 142 14.00 23. 33 30.39 .48 .62 .80 33 145 164 16.50 26.85 35.10 8.88 8.31 6.03 1 16 16 260 1,893 1, 679 1 2 2 1.28 .35 .40 7.69 2.11 2.38 2 16 9 2.56 2.81 1. 79 2.50 2.67 1. 25 39 159 118 49.99 27. 89 23.43 1.04 .77 .79 42 177 129 53.83 31.05 25.62 11.23 5.55 4.42 14 20 2 2, 682 2,928 479 1 3 .12 .34 .75 2.04 31 40 6 3.85 4.55 4.17 6.03 5. 48 3.44 84 248 21 10. 44 28.18 14.61 . 51 1.60 .33 116 291 27 14.41 33.07 18. 78 7.29 9.12 3.77 9 9 9 1,946 1, 663 1, 278 1 2 1 .17 .40 .26 1.03 2.40 1. 56 9 5 8 1. 54 1.00 2.09 .80 .93 1.80 186 153 72 31.86 30.60 18. 77 .76 .92 .58 196 160 81 33. 57 32.00 21.12 2. 59 4. 25 3.94 35 25.00 7.86 15 33 2.21 1.73 1.33 4.23 2 .91 1.91 Accidents for State reporting only disabilities extending beyond 10 days Virginia: 1926............................................................. 2 480 1 0.71 4.16 4 2.86 | 3.22 30 j 21.43 0.48 Accidents for States reporting only fatalities and permanent disabilities California: 1926......................................................................... 1927_ ............................................................................... Pennsylvania: 1925__________ __________________________ ______ 1926_______________________________ _____ _______ 17 17 2,266 6, 371 5 7 735 772 10 3.13 15 23 2.21 1.20 1.33 1.10 2 0.53 .91 1.91 j i Lumber— Sawmills Accidents for States reporting all disabilities extending beyond day of injury Indiana: 1926________________________ _______ _______ 1927 ....................................................................... Maine: 1926 _____________________________ 1927 _______________________________ __________ M aryland: 1925-------------- --------------------------- ----------- 1 2 95 110 4 5 1 209 237 20 1 3.03 12.12 70.00 69.70 1.35 2.13 70.00 72.73 1.35 14.25 1 1.41 .42 63. 33 36. 45 33.17 .96 1.00 1.18 63.33 37.86 33.17 ACCIDENTS IN MANUFACTURING INDUSTRIES Illinois: 1925_____________ ______________________________ 1926-_______ _______ ____________________________ 1927______________________ _______ ____ Michigan: 1925____________________________________________ 1926____________________________________________ 1927____________________________________________ New York: 1925____________________________________________ 1926____________________________________________ Virginia: 1927_______________________________ ___ _ Wisconsin: 1925___________________________________ 1926_______________________________________ 1927________________________ _________________ 1.42 1.18 CD Ol T a b l e 6 .— Number of accidents and accident frequency and severity rates in specified industries, 1925, 1926, and 1927, by States— Continued O Lumber— Sawmills— Continued [Where no figures are shown no accidents occurred. California reported no temporary disabilities, and Pennsylvania reported none for 1925 and 1926] Permanent disability Death Severity Severity Fre rate rate quency Num (per (per Num rate (per ber of 1,000 ber of 1,000 1,000,000 cases hours’ cases hours’ hours’ expo expo exposure) sure) sure) Fre Full-year quency workers N um rate (per ber of 1,000,000 cases hours’ exposure) Fre quency rate (per 1,000,000 hours’ exposure) Severity 'rate (per N um ber of 1,000 cases hours’ expo sure) Fre quency rate (per 1,000,000 hours’ exposure) Severity rate (per 1,000 hours’ expo sure) 0.50 3.29 2.92 .40 129 790 606 53 19.30 131.67 101.22 21.73 2.36 19.15 12.80 5.32 6.41 1.82 4 11 159 35.78 117. 52 160.65 .67 1.55 2.21 5 12 165 44.72 128.20 166. 71 54.33 7.96 10.09 .38 .94 3.24 .11 .85 4.58 44 56 1,461 16.92 17.58 57.04 .29 .22 1.04 46 60 1,556 17.68 18.83 60.75 2.72 2.95 8.43 1.79 1.76 2.92 .75 98 79 25.13 19.83 .74 .62 107 88 27.43 22.09 6. 75 4.38 359 17.51 1.53 0.96 6.81 3.87 6.06 1 5 10.68 5.05 2. 32 1.88 2.81 1 3 83 3.09 3.01 7 7 1 9 6 2 0.15 1.50 1.00 .83 0.90 9.05 6.01 4.92 1 1 1 37 31 330 1 8.94 53.66 1 1.01 2 2 17 861 1,062 8,538 1 1 12 .38 .31 .47 4 4 1,299 1,328 2 2 .51 .50 Accidents for State reporting only disabilities extending beyond five days Oklahoma: 1927............................................................. - - 2 1,123 3 (3 ) 0. 89 1.16 56 16. 62 0. 37 | i Accidents for States reporting only disabilities extending beyond one week Georgia: 1926 1927................................................................. ................ Illinois: 1926 1927__---------------------- ------------------------------------------ - - _____ 1 2 62 587 1 0.57 3.41 1 0.57 0.17 5 72 25.00 40.91 0.91 1.12 5 74 25.00 42.05 0.91 4.70 2 3 309 250 1 1.34 8.61 5 7 , 5.56 9.34 4.37 16.22 36 48 40.00 64.08 .78 1.48 41 56 45.56 74. 76 5.15 25.71 ACCIDENTS 18.40 126.00 95.38 20.91 0.75 4.17 4.84 2,228 1,988 1,995 813 INDUSTRIAL 123 756 571 51 5 25 29 5 5 5 2 O F Accidents for States reporting all disabilities extending beyond day of injury— Continued Minnesota: 1925 ....................... 1926 ___________ 1927 __ ____________ M ontana- 1926 Ohio: 1926 1927 _______ Pennsylvania: 1927________________________________ Tennessee: 1926 - - _______ 1927 ........................... Texas: 1927__________________________ _____ ________ j W est Virginia: 1926 __________________ ! 1927__________ _______ — ---------------- ------------------ STATISTICS Num ber of estab lish ments State and year Total Temporary disability Michigan: 1925................................... ............................................. 1926............... ............................................................ 1927_............................................................... ............... Virginia: 1927 Wisconsin: 1925........... .............................................................. ....... 1926..................... ............................................................ 1927............................................... .................................. 5,455 2,394 2,416 1,380 4 2 5 3 .24 .28 .69 .72 1. 47 1.67 4.14 4.34 7 13 10 2 .43 1.81 1.38 .48 .47 1.62 1.23 .14 120 344 282 120 7.33 47.78 38.90 28.98 .23 2.07 1.55 .90 131 359 297 125 8.00 49.87 40.97 30.18 2.17 5.36 6.92 5.38 11 18 16 2,520 4,356 4,767 6 7 6 .79 .53 .42 4.76 3.21 2.52 12 16 15 1.59 1.22 1.05 .79 1.45 .85 322 482 530 42.59 36. 79 37.06 1. 01 1.03 1.03 340 505 551 44.97 38.54 38.53 6.56 5.69 4.40 214 21. 62 3.12 53 87 7.68 13.29 1.43 2.85 109 62 6 3.00 2.97 1.43 5. 87 5.67 4.11 Accidents for State reporting only disabilities extending beyond 10 days Virginia: 1926______________________________________ 5 3,288 2 0. 20 1.21 17 1. 72 1.22 195 19. 70 0.69 Accidents for State reporting only disabilities extending beyong two weeks Alabama: 1926....................... .............................................. .......... 1927....................... ................................................ ......... California: 192 6 192 7 Pennsylvania: 1926. 5 4 2,312 2,182 1 1 0.14 .15 0.86 .92 4 8 0.58 1.22 0.43 1.37 48 78 6. 96 11. 92 0.14 . 56 Accidents for States reporting only fatalities and permanent disabilities 21 16 2 12,136 6,958 1,384 25 15 2 0.69 .72 .48 4.12 4. 31 2.89 84 47 4 2.31 2.25 .95 1.75 1. 36 1.22 Machine tools Accidents for States reporting all disabilities extending beyond day of injury Indiana: 192 5 192 6 ______ ______ _ 192 7 Massachusetts: 192 6 _________ _____ 192 7 ___________ N ew York: 1927........................ .. Ohio: 1 9 2 5 ........................ ................. 192 6 _____ _____ 192 7 _____ _ Pennsylvania: 1927. .. ................. 3 Fatal cases not reported. 3 3 2 124 248 204 15 13 9 4,917 4,475 1,374 19 25 45 6 1,763 4,138 5,300 854 1 1.63 1.96 15 24 3 40.32 34.28 4.90 0.60 .29 .10 15 25 4 40.32 35. 71 6.53 0.60 8.35 2.06 2 1 14 .14 .07 3.40 .06 .04 3.52 70 129 55 4.73 9.61 13.34 .09 .20 .44 73 130 69 4.94 9.68 16.74 .55 .24 3.96 2 13 11 1 .38 1.04 .69 .39 .48 .65 .55 .29 238 529 529 64 44.99 42.66 33.27 24.97 .37 .42 .44 .33 240 543 543 65 45.37 43.78 34.15 25.36 .85 1.55 2.12 .62 1.43 .07 .40 .48 1.13 ACCIDENTS IN MANUFACTURING INDUSTRIES 5 17 17 4 CD T a b le 6.—Number o f accidents and accident frequency and severity rates in specified industries, 1925, 1926, and 1927, by States— Continued CD 00 Machine tools— Continued [Where no figures are shown no accidents occurred. California reported no temporary disabilities, and Pennsylvania reported none for 1925 and 1926] Permanent disability Death Num ber of estab lish ments Fre quency Full-year N um rate (per workers ber of 1,000,000 cases hours’ exposure) Severity Severity Fre rate rate quency Num (per Num (per rate (per ber of 1,000 ber of 1,000 1,000,000 hours’ cases cases hours’ hours’ expo expo exposure) sure) sure) Fre quency rate (per 1,000,000 hours’ exposure) Severity rate N um (per ber of 1,000 cases hours’ expo sure) Fre quency rate (per 1,000,000 hours’ exposure) Severity rate (per 1,000 hours' expo sure) O F Accidents for States reporting only disabilities extending beyond one week 1,197 1,933 1,992 7 574 389 5 7 6 6 9 551 1,282 2 5 4 2.00 .59 3.48 1 .61 3.63 0. 25 1.17 .92 20 66 72 5. 57 11.38 12.04 0.19 .48 .28 23 77 84 6.41 13.27 14.04 0.44 1.65 3.20 3 4 1.76 3.43 .69 1.29 36 15 21.18 12.87 .56 .52 40 19 23.53 16.30 4.72 1.81 4.19 3.18 6.33 3. 78 5. 57 9.57 19 19 10 13.28 8.63 7.90 .29 .16 .12 25 26 18 17.47 11.81 14.23 4.07 5.73 9.69 3 23 1.82 6. 05 2.18 5.46 10 83 6.05 21.84 .27 .97 14 106 8.48 27.89 6.08 6.43 3 4 1 802 1,117 990 0.33 1 0.84 1.89 1.67 6 7 8 477 729 422 2 3 11 10 1.25 1.21 .34 .62 .98 .10 30 43 33 | 1 12.47 14.54 11.11 .22 .23 .23 33 52 34 13.72 15.75 11.45 .84 1.21 .33 2 3. 34 10.68 Accidents for State reporting only fatalities and permanent disabilities Pennsylvania: 192 5 192 6 7 3 1,119 196 1 1.67 10.18 1 1.67 0.50 ACCIDENTS 5 11 11 INDtJSTEIAL Illinois: 192/; 1926 ____ 1927____________________________________________ Michigan: 1926____________________________________________ 1927 New Jersey: * 1925 __________ 1926 1927 New York: 1925 _ ___ ___ ___ ______________ 1926 Wisconsin: 1925 . ________ __ 1926 ___ ___________ _____________ 1927 ____________________________________ STATISTICS State and year Total Temporary disability Paper and pulp Accidents for States reporting all disabilities extending beyond day of injury Pennsylvania: 1927............. .......................................... Tennessee: 1 9 2 6 ............................................................................ 1927................................................ ................................ W est Virginia: 1926____________ ___________________ __________ 1927.................................... ............................................ 3 3 1.79 3.33 0.80 8.13 50 40 43 29.78 44.44 53.22 3.63 .36 1.16 53 45 43 31.57 49.99 53.22 4.43 21.49 1.16 1 1 2.73 3.33 2.05 7.09 1 2.37 .71 18 14 25 14 49.11 46.67 82.44 33.24 1.36 .70 1.39 .37 19 15 25 15 51.84 50.00 82.44 35.61 3.41 7.79 1.39 1.08 9 10 .80 1.15 .52 1.28 522 259 46.61 29.80 .84 .66 531 274 47.41 31.53 1.36 5.39 2 4 .63 1.02 1.8 .69 56 82 17.50 20.81 .59 .39 58 86 18.13 21.83 .77 1.08 5 4 .28 .24 .34 .10 208 368 11.56 22.15 .24 .48 213 372 11.84 22. 39 .58 .58 1.77 3.73 1.62 7 7 8 2.06 2.19 2.17 2.12 1.07 2.14 149 267 189 43.89 83.44 51.16 .78 1.03 1.00 157 276 198 46. 24 86.26 53.60 4.67 5.83 4.76 .38 2.27 1 2 87 .91 1.83 4.71 .27 . 55 5.02 76 50 485 69.09 45.66 26.26 .93 1.19 .81 77 52 579 70.00 47.49 31.35 1.20 1.74 8.10 3 2 .29 .14 1.71 .85 4 6 .38 .42 .92 .52 251 443 23.90 31.36 .27 .46 258 451 24.57 31.92 2.90 1.83 3 .36 2.17 4 .48 .25 202 24.32 .32 209 25.16 2.74 1 3.33 1.01 20 1 66.67 1.64 .05 .02 21 1 70.00 1.64 1.06 .02 3 2.14 3.85 108 63 77.14 55.01 1.30 .97 111 63 79.28 55.01 5.15 .97 3 3 3 560 307 269 1 1 1 1 122 113 101 140 5 4 3,745 2,897 1 2 1,083 1,313 13 12 6,008 5„539 3 3 3 1,132 1,072 1,231 1 2 1 .29 .63 .27 1 1 19 367 365 6,155 7 4 6 3,501 4,709 7 2,769 1 1 98 204 2 1 476 382 i Closed cases only are reported. 2 5 2.22 .58 13.00 3.45 ACCIDENTS IN MANUFACTURING INDUSTRIES Indiana: 1925_............................................................................... 1 9 2 6 .................................................................... 1927................................................................................. Iowa: 1925................................................................................. 1926 . . . .............................................................. 1927................................................................................. Kansas: 1927 2........ ............................................................ Maine: 1926................................................................................. 1927................................................................................. Maryland: 1926______________ _________ ________ __________ 1927................................................................................ Massachusetts: 1926________________________ ______________ 1927 _______________________ _____ ___________ Minnesota: 1925.............................................................................. 1926__________________ ________________ 1927._______________________________________ N ew Hampshire: 1926___________________ _______________ 1927._____________ ________ ________ _____ N ew York: 192 7 ............................................................ Ohio: 1926________________________ ___________________ 1927......................................................... ....................... a Record is for six m onths only (July to December). CO CO Number of accidents and accident frequency and severity rates in specified industries, 1925, 1926, and 1927, by States— Continued Paper and pulp— Continued [Where no figures are shown no accidents occurred. California reported no temporary disabilities, and Pennsylvania reported none for 1925 and 1926] Death N um ber of estab lish ments Fre Full-year N um quency workers ber of rate (per cases 1 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0 hours’ exposure) Permanent disability Total Temporary disability Severity Severity Fre rate rate N u m quency N um (per (per ber of rate (per ber of 1 ,0 0 0 1,0 0 0 cases 1 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0 cases hours’ hours’ hours’ expo expo exposure) sure) sure) Severity rate Num (per ber of 1,000 cases hours’ expo sure) Fre quency rate (per 1 , 0 0 0 ,0 0 0 hours’ exposure) Fre quency rate (per 1 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0 hours’ exposure) Severity rate (per 1 ,00 0 hours’ expo sure) STATISTICS State and year 100 'T a b l e 6 .— Accidents for States reporting only disabilities extending beyond one week O F 5 7 7 378 523 595 1 8 1,179 3,902 2,495 7 1 1 0 .0 0 .31 .35 15 17 36 13.22 10.63 20.17 2 . 22 17.37 6 .85 1.28 .80 .25 .83 .73 73 369 175 20.63 31.54 23.38 .54 1.03 .60 76 387 183 21.48 33 08 24.45 .79 3.39 2.93 58 92 4 4. 21 3.76 3.69 6.77 4.30 1.38 235 692 17.04 28.24 19.35 .67 .93 21 .6 8 294 792 25 21.32 32.33 23.04 7.88 7.18 2.06 5 18 14 1 .0 1 1.18 .90 .40 1.29 .60 51 186 159 10.35 12. 24 10.23 .23 .34 .29 57 205 181 11.56 13.49 11.65 3.98 0.33 14 11.67 0.33 4 0.87 .80 1.61 1.83 1 2 .26 .27 1.53 1.60 .07 .33 .44 1.95 3 4,597 8,163 362 1 8 5 9 9 1,642 5,061 5,178 1 1 8 .2 0 1 .2 2 .07 .52 .39 3.09 3 15 5.50 1. 64 1.85 2 .0 2 Accidents for State reporting disabilities extending beyond 10 day3 Virginia* 1926 ____________________________ 2 14 388 11.67 Accidents for State reporting only fatalities and permanent disabilities Pennsylvania: 1925 1926 ....................................... ................. 4 6 1,532 2,501 1 2 0 .2 2 .27 1.31 1. 59 3 4 0.65 .53 0.30 .24 ! i 6 ACCIDENTS 0 . 21 1.91 1.29 14 16 31 12.34 0.63 2.80 5.29 5 2 12 19 0 .8 8 INDUSTRIAL Illinois: 1925 1926 ......................................... ......................................... 1927 _ .. Michigan: 1925 ...................... . . 1926_____ ____________ _____ __________________ 1927_____ ___________ _____ ___________________ N ew York: 1925 ............................................................................. 1926___________________ _____ ________ _____ _____ Virginia: 1927 _____________________________ "Wisconsin: 1 9 2 5 ._______ _________ _________________________ 1926_______________________ _____ _______________ 1927_______________________________ _____________ Petroleum refining Accidents for States reporting all disabilities extending beyond day of injury 1 1 1 2 1 1 5 5 0.38 1 1 .1 0 2.27 6.59 70 70 45 73 6.48 6.63 49. 45 21. 31 0.14 . 12 41 .98 75 78 46 83 6.94 7.39 50.55 24.23 0.44 2.50 7.00 3.52 1 1.98 .2 2 1.35 3.09 .59 29 238 1,533 58.00 39.60 17.81 49.29 1.32 1.44 .26 .70 30 . 10 1.79 244 1,590 60.00 41.58 18.25 51.41 1.91 13.32 L 71 5.58 3 119 22.29 2.28 11.43 7.25 ft. 0 0 .30 0.30 2.92 2.54 2 .0 0 3 50 .2 2 .1 1 1 1 .8 8 3 16 0.46 .38 1 169 168 4,454 10,367 4 5 4 10 3,614 3,518 303 1,141 .51 20 1. 61 21 m Accidents for State reporting only disabilities extending beyond five days 3 1, 779 0 12 ) 2.25 1. 71 107 20.04 0.57 Accidents for States reporting only disabilities extending beyond one week 1 1 228 230 1 1.43 8.78 7 5 2 2 1,710 1,340 6 1 1.18 .25 6 .97 1.49 2 6 2 2 2 10,208 8,009 1,174 2 .57 3.40 63 24 66 0.39 1.49 2.16 2.62 6 .8 6 1 0 .0 0 0 .2 2 8 7.25 .30 5 0.41 1.79 16 61 3.14 15.17 .1 2 24 .41 68 4.71 16.91 7.50 3.69 2 .8 8 126 74 144 4.12 3.08 41.14 .1 0 192 137 170 6.28 5.70 48. 57 2.98 3.23 13. 67 14 45 7 1.04 3.82 1.46 3.34 9.08 6.39 3.16 8.26 .07 2 .0 1 Accidents for States reporting only fatalities and permanent disabilities California: 1926......................... 1927— ................... Pennsylvania: 1926i Closed cases only are reported. 3 2 6 4,460 3,927 1,612 7 15 5 0. 52 1.27 1.04 3.12 7.64 6.18 7 30 2 0.52 2.55 .42 0 .2 2 1.44 2 Record is for 6 months only (July to December). .2 1 3 Fatal cases not reported. INDUSTRIES Georgia: 1926.................... .......................................................... 1927................................................... .......................... Illinois: 1926..................................... ....................................... 1927........................... ..................................................... N ew Jersey: * 1926...................................................... ......................... 1927......... ........................................................................ N ew York: 1926_ ................. ........................................... MANUFACTURING Oklahoma: 1927_______________________ _________ ACCIDENTS Indiana: 1926................................................................................. 1927. ............................................................... .............. Kansas: 1927 _________ __________ _ N ew York: 1927................................................................ Ohio: 1926 ............................................................................... 1927............... .................................................................. Pennsylvania: 1927................ ..................................... Texas: 1927.......................................................................... 6*— Number of accidents and accident frequency and severity rates in specified industries, 1925, 1926, and 1927, by States— Continued Pottery [Where no figures are shown no accidents occurred. California reported no temporary disabilities, and Pennsylvania reported none for 1925 and 1926] Death Num ber of estab lish ments Fre Full-year quency workers N um rate (per ber of 1 , 000 ,0 0 0 cases hours' exposure) Permanent disability Total Temporary disability Severity Severity Fre rate rate quency (per Num N um (per rate (per ber of ber of 1,000 1 ,0 0 0 1 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0 cases cases hours’ hours' hours’ expo expo exposure) sure) sure) Fre quency rate (per 1 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0 hours’ exposure) Severity rate N um (per ber of 1 ,0 0 0 cases hours’ expo sure) Fre quency rate (per 1 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0 hours’ exposure) Severity rate (per 1,00 0 hours' expo sure) 1 1 1.06 0.33 .32 2 2 1 189 154 260 i 1.28 7 2 1,206 1,027 2,397 381 1 1 214 3 3 2,215 2,333 13.33 12. 74 0.23 .18 13 13 14.44 13.80 0.56 .50 2 0 .0 0 .51 .62 12 11 1 2 0 .0 0 .51 .62 .38 .38 6 1 .1 1 23. 79 23.79 1.28 1 0.32 .14 1.95 .83 .28 .50 .08 14.84 17.52 .31 .15 .17 81 47 129 22.40 15.16 17.94 2 .1 0 .28 80 46 126 2 2 .1 2 2 1.56 2.80 7 5 11.67 7.78 .05 .29 7 1 1 1 6 11.67 9.34 .05 3.09 1 1 .15 .14 .60 .04 65 75 9.85 72 .30 .17 77 1 0 .0 0 1 1 .0 0 .90 1.07 13.55 14.51 14.71 2.54 5.94 7.15 2.15 .50 212 1 .14 .8 6 10. 66 .81 1.08 Accidents for States reporting only disabilities extending beyond one week New Jersey: 1 1925................................................................................. 1926 ................................................... 1927 ....................................................... N ew York: 1926............................................................................. Virginia, 1927 __ 1,943 2,720 2,310 1 2 1 1,228 140 1 0.17 .27 1.03 1.62 0.34 .61 .72 1 .1 0 5 5 6 8 8 3 .81 .24 2 .85 .98 76 114 97 13.04 13.90 13.99 0.41 .36 .39 18 3 4.86 7.15 .29 .50 79 119 102 22 3 1 .2 1 1.37 INDtTSTRIAIi ACCIDENTS 303 314 12 12 12 11 2 2 14 O F Accidents for States reporting all disabilities extending beyond day of injury Indiana: 1926......... 1927....................................... .... ................................. Maryland: 1926 ........... 1927 N ew York: 1927 . ______ Ohio: 1925 ____ 1926. . ................................................................... 1927................................................................................. Pennsylvania: 1927 Tennessee: 1926 1927................................................................................. W est Virginia: 1926_________ _________ ___________________ _ 1927................................................................... .............. STATISTICS State and year 12 0 T a b le Accidents for State reporting only disabilities extending beyond 10 days Virginia: 1926............................... - ................................................ 1 I 167 | 2 4.00 0.05 2 4.00 0.05 3 4.01 9.10 Accidents for States reporting only fatalities and permanent disabilities 2 1 249 277 1 1.34 8.03 2 2.67 1.07 ! Shipbuilding, steel ACCIDENTS i California: 1927........................... ...................................... Pennsylvania: 1926...... ................................... ................ I N Accidents for States reporting all disabilities extending beyond day of injury 2 3 4 2 I ' 2 j 2 546 1,045 2,333 895 1, 607 !.......... i______ ; 1 j 2 : 2 | 0.14 .74 .41 0.86 4.47 2.49 199 !.......... 131 ______ 1 6 22 1 i 3 1 4 0.63 1. 91 3.14 .37 .62 1.67 10.17 0.18 1 2. 52 ! 4.23 .22 .50 6 . 71 15.25 I 36 I 34 73 215 361 87 115 22.50 10.84 10.43 80.07 74.84 0.68 . 28 ! 47 1.68 .77 37 40 96 218 306 23.13 12. 75 13! 71 81.18 75.89 0.86 2* go 5 .56 6.37 3.76 145.00 292. 30 1.71 3.33 88 119 146.67 302. 47 8.42 18.58 4 13 13.34 26.39 2.41 4.64 44 61 13 4.14 3.14 8.03 3.99 2.19 MANUFACTURING Maryland: 1926— ................. 1927____________ N ew York: 1927— . Ohio: 1927_________ Pennsylvania: 1927 W est Virginia: 192 6 _______ 192 7 ______ .36 5.17 Accidents for States reporting only disabilities extending beyond one week _______ 192 6 192 7 Michigan: 192 6 192 7 N ew Jersey: 1 1926N ew York: 1926___ Virginia: 1927______ Wisconsin: 192 6 192 7 6.67 164 j. I 807 570 316 3,044 4,089 942 942 2.31 4.06 2 6.67 18.27 0 .1 0 9 39 52 16.25 30.41 10 1 1 .1 1 2.64 1.06 1.24 1.84 1.27 1.95 .50 62 104 6.81 8.48 .42 1.30 .43 .73 .71 .32 74 67 26.43 23.70 8.12 0. 42 1.11 .22 .24 2.48 6.33 1.31 1.47 1.67 5. 26 2.22 .58 .2 2 88 120 18.34 35.67 14.44 9.67 9. 78 .36 .61 74 71 26.43 25.12 INDUSTRIES Illinois: 1 Closed cases only are reported. O CO T a b le 6 .— Number of accidents and accident frequency and severity rates in specified industries, 1925, 1926, and 1927 , by States— Continued Shipbuilding, steel— Continued [Where no figures are shown no accidents occurred. California reported no temporary disabilities, and Pennsylvania reported none for 1925 and 1926] Death N um ber of estab lish ments Fre Full-year quency workers N um rate (per ber of 1,000,000 cases hours’ exposure) Temporary disability Severity Severity Fre rate rate N u m quency (per N um (per rate (per ber of 1,000 ber of 1,000 1,000,000 cases cases hours’ hours’ hours’ expo expo exposure) sure) sure) Fre quency rate (per 1,000,000 hours’ exposure) Total Severity rate (per Num ber of 1,000 cases hours’ expo sure) Fre quency rate (per 1,000,000 hours’ exposure) Severity rate (per 1,000 hours’ expo sure) O F Accidents for State reporting only disabilities extending beyond 10 days 1 4,233 2 0.16 0.94 31 2.44 2.12 112 8.82 0.22 11.42 3.28 24 32.05 8.67 1.39 1.25 1.43 2.37 2.51 1.85 Accidents for State reporting only disabilities extending beyond two weeks Alabama: 1927______________________________ 1 0 250 2.67 7.75 22 29.38 0.92 Accidents for States reporting only fatalities and permanent disabilities California: 1926............................................................................. 1927........................................................................... .. Pennsylvania: 1926__________________________ 2 2 1 2,154 2,924 1,409 2 3 1 0.31 .34 .24 1.86 2.05 1.42 7 8 5 1.08 .91 1.19 9 n | 6 1 I 1 0.51 .46 .43 Slaughtering and meat packing Accidents for States reporting all disabilities extending beyond day of injury Indiana: 1926. 1927. 9 3,393 3,083 1925. 4 4, 252 Iowa: 8 1 1 0 .1 0 .1 1 0.59 .65 17 9 1.67 .97 1.96 .32 349 404 34*22 43.67 0.48 .58 367 414 35.99 44. 75 3.03 1. 55 18 1.41 1 .1 1 345 27.04 .40 363 28. 45 1. 51 ACCIDENTS 145 INDUSTRIAL Virginia: 1926..................................................................... STATISTICS State and year Permanent disability g 9 8 3 2 2 2 5 6 5 5 .17 .2 2 1.03 1.34 216 252 790 35.92 44.26 22.87 .61 .64 .27 643 834 539 36.95 46.49 23.13 2.16 3.17 .38 1.67 2.64 4.22 6.17 .79 3.33 64 44 134 106.67 58.15 56.54 1 .1 1 65 46 144 108.34 60.79 60.76 7.28 1.38 4.28 2.27 2.99 2.93 2.94 533 1,077 574 54.91 92.05 52.55 .91 1.15 .80 558 1 ,1 1 2 609 57.49 95.04 55.75 5.70 4.01 5.00 34. 31 36.03 25.14 89.91 19.18 30.48 80.00 .36 .45 1.07 1.24 .27 .36 1.05 541 559 215 19 134 145 259 35.36 36.49 29.22 89.91 20.08 30.48 83. 55 2.54 1.16 7.14 1.24 3.89 .36 4.07 1.85 22 .27 1.65 35 32 3 .2 0 .07 .27 1.18 .39 1.63 28 3 .45 2.70 3 .45 .92 1 .32 1.95 .1 0 3.23 1.07 525 552 185 19 128 145 248 9 9 2 1 2 .0 0 1 .1 2 .71 4.49 .29 .16 42 27 267 42.00 25.69 31. 43 .53 .30 .55 44 28 271 44.00 26.64 31.90 5.02 .59 1.42 5 4 50.00 15.48 .35 .30 5 4 50.00 15.48 .35 .30 3 60 17.54 0.34 13 6 3 .85 .39 3.81 2 .8 6 2.55 .95 .35 1 .0 0 .32 4.44 42 1 Accidents for State reporting only disabilities extending beyond five days Oklahoma: 1927_________ _____ _____________ _______ 2 1,140 1 (*) 0.29 0.09 59 17. 25 0.25 1 1 218 213 7 11 8 16,412 22,228 17.806 4 5 930 1,291 2 2 1,712 1, 558 2 2 .8 6 5.49 8 13 12 0.24 7 9 .1 0 1.46 .63 .17 1 .0 1 11.43 20.31 0.23 .42 10 13 14.29 20.31 5.72 .42 3 Record is for 6 months only (July to December). 767 1,142 1,057 15.58 17.12 19.78 .33 .38 .42 820 1,254 1,215 16.65 18.79 22.74 2.29 2.62 4.37 1.07 .51 1.08 .1 5 64 59 2 2 .8 6 15.24 .57 .35 67 61 23.93 15.75 1.65 .50 11 2.57 .50 1.61 2.94 2 .43 83 1. 57 2.79 3 2 41 105 149 2.16 .8 8 .8 6 .32 78 72 15.29 15.40 .33 .30 89 78 17.45 16.69 INDUSTRIES Accidents for States reporting only disabilities extending beyond one week Georgia: 1926................................................................................. 1927.................................................................................. Illinois: 1925_ ............................................................................... 1926_..............- _____ _______________ _____________ 1927................................................................................. Michigan: 1 9 2 6 -......................................................... ................. .. 1927_..................................... ......................................... Wisconsin: 1926................................................................................. 1927.................................................................................. MANUFACTURING .31 86 6 1 .59 .95 I N 625 794 533 1 2 319 350 2,832 1 1 .1 1 3 5,098 5,106 2,452 70 2,225 1,585 1,023 3 3 7 .52 1.19 .26 3 3,236 3,902 3,641 1 .8 6 2 .0 1 1 2 10 3 4 15 36 6 5,816 5,980 7,770 ACCIDENTS 1926................................................................................. 1927_________ ___________________ _______________ Kansas* 1927 2 Kentucky: 1926............. ................. 1927_________ M aryland: 1927_______ __ — _ __________________ Minnesota: 1925___________________ _________________________ 1 9 2 6 --............................ ................................................ 1927_._............................... ........................................... Nebraska: 1926................................ .. . . ......... ..................... 1927-............................................... ............................... N ew York: 1927_____________________ ______________ N orth Dakota: 1927 Ohio: 1927______________________________ __________ Pennsylvania: 1927 South Dakota: 1926 Tennessee: ........... 1926........................... 1927................................................................................ Texas: 1927____________________ ________ _______ W est Virginia: 1 9 2 6 -.-......................................................... 1927................................................................................ 3.19 4 3 Fatal cases not reported. 1 .2 1 0 01 T a b le 6*— Number o f accidents and accident frequency and severity rates in specified industriesy 1925, 1926, and 192 /, by States Continued Slaughtering and meat packing— Continued [Where no figures are shown no accidents occurred. California reported no temporary disabilities, and Permanent disability Death Num ber of estab lish ments Severity Severity Fre rate rate quency Num (per Num (per rate (per 1,000 ber of ber of 1,000 1,000,000 cases hours’ cases hours’ hours’ expo expo exposure) sure) sure) Fre Full-year quency workers N u m rate (per ber of 1,000,000 cases hours’ exposure) Total Temporary disability Fre quency rate (per 1,000,000 hours’ exposure) Severity rate Num (per ber of 1,000 cases hours’ expo sure) Severity rate (per 1,000 hours’ expo sure) Fre quency rate (per 1,000,000 hours’ exposure) O F Accidents for State reporting only disabilities extending beyond 10 days i Accidents for State reporting only disabilities extending beyond two weeks Alabam a1926.., 1927.. i ! j 47 186 ! _ j l 4 _______ ! 10.00 7.16 0.15 .27 1 4 10.00 7.16 0.15 .27 1.41 3.29 13. 61 23.00 16.23 0.14 2.57 1.54 Accidents for States reporting only fatalities and permanent disabilities 4 6 1,424 1,102 1 2 j 0,47 2. 81 4 0. 94 I 6 j 0.48 1 Stamped and enameled ware Accidents for States reporting all disabilities extending beyond day of injury Indiana: 1925. 1926. 1927. 2 2 2 588 654 514 ! i ________ !_______ ___________ 1.50 _________! 3 2. 60 ................ I 4 I 2.34 1.36 24 43 21 13. 61 21. 50 13. 63 0.14 .23 .18 24 46 25 ACCIDENTS 1 2 I INDUSTRIAL ! 1 53 | Virginia: 1926. STATISTICS State and year Pennsylvania reported none for 1925 and 1926] 1 5 8 11 698 641 1,330 95 606 2,979 0.25 1.50 1 .11 .54 2.11 1.37 4.28 11 .95 2.85 2. 76 10 1 1. 79 1. 79 3. 48 6. 36 2 187 947 766 576 6 43 47 2.14 18. 72 27.18 .05 .56 1.12 1 11 51 58 1. 79 3.93 22. 20 33. 54 .54 2.16 1.93 5.40 1.00 1.56 1.99 51 77 85 11 24.34 29.60 21.30 38. 65 .28 .46 .37 .44 53 84 97 11 25.29 32.45 24.31 38.65 1.28 2.02 3.86 .44 5.55 2. 39 49 27 27. 22 3.02 .26 .05 59 28 32. 77 3.13 2. 65 .72 .67 Accidents for States reporting only disabilties extending beyond one week Illinois: 192 6 192 7 ............ Michigan: 1926____ N ew Jersey: 1 192 6 192 7 N ew York: 1 9 2 6 ... Wisconsin: 192 6 _____ 192 7 2 2 1 5,462 472 314 4 3 11 0. 25 2.11 12. 22 0.19 1.27 3. 82 29 17 13 1.76 12.00 14. 44 0.04 .26 .26 33 20 24 2. 01 14.11 26.66 0.23 1. 53 4.08 2 2 3 485 503 1,170 8 8 18 5. 33 5. 30 5.14 2. 47 2.48 4.12 14 11 79 9. 33 7. 28 22. 57 .35 .10 1.45 22 19 97 14. 66 12.58 27.71 2.82 2.58 5.57 1 1 2, 773 3,010 12 7 1.44 .78 1.00 .45 45 36 5.42 3. 99 .16 .07 60 43 7.22 4.77 3.32 .52 0.33 j 2.31 3 0. 36 2.16 Accidents for States reporting only fatalities and permanent disabilities California: 1926.. . 1927...................... 108 410 Steam fittings, apparatus, and supplies Accidents for States reporting all disabilities extending beyond day of injury Indiana: 192 5 192 6 1 9 2 7 ... . Kentucky: 1926_________ ______ ______ _______ 1 9 2 7 ... . ............................ i Closed cases only are reported, 244 235 250 4.29 1. 33 12. 32 .40 43 44 44 58. 71 62. 86 58. 69 0. 55 .41 .57 3,257 3,744 .31 .18 .32 . 05 718 573 73. 26 51.01 . 71 . 46 58. 71 67.15 60.02 721 575 0.55 12.73 .97 73. 57 51.19 1.03 .51 ACCIDENTS IN MANUFACTURING INDUSTRIES Maryland: 1925.. . 192 6 192 7 N ew York: 1927. __ Ohio: 1925.___________ 1 9 2 6 - ............ 1927____________ Pennsylvania: 1927 W est Virginia: 192 6 192 7 .......... o T a b le 6.—Number o f accidents and accident frequency and severity rates in specified industries, 1925 , 1926 , and 1927 , 6 States— Continued ?/ Steam fittings, apparatus, and supplies— Continued [Where no figures are shown no accidents occurred. California reported no temporary disabilities, and Pennsylvania reported none for 1925 and 1926] Permanent disability Death Fre Full-year N um quency workers ber of rate (per cases 1,000,000 hours’ exposure) Severity Severity Fre rate rate quency N um (per Num (per rate (per ber of 1,000 ber of 1,000 1,000,000 cases hours’ cases hours’ hours’ expo expo exposure) sure) sure) Fre quency rate (per 1,000,000 hours’ exposure) Severity rate Num (per ber of 1,000 cases hours’ expo sure) Fre quency rate (per 1,000,000 hours’ exposure) Severity rate (per 1,000 hours’ expo sure) O P Accidents for States reporting all disabilities extending beyond day of injury— Continued 1,500 1,524 2 0.44 0.13 57 138 12.66 30.19 0.23 .59 57 140 12.66 30.63 0.23 .72 1 1 1 6 26 27 24 1,723 1 10 13. 70 1.93 8.22 1.43 2 2 1 108 25.55 24.69 13.70 20.89 .40 .47 .75 .69 2 2 2 118 25. 55 24.69 27.40 28.82 .40 .47 8.97 2.12 9 7 12 14 666 878 7,007 5,124 2 1 3 8 1.00 .38 .14 .52 .53 .68 . 13 .22 120 145 210 556 60.10 55.05 9.99 36.17 .82 .67 .15 .40 122 146 215 564 61.10 55.43 10.23 36.69 1.35 1.35 . 85 .62 2 .10 .57 Accidents for States reporting only disabilities extending beyond one week Illinois: 1926 ..................................... 1927 ......................................... Michigan: 1926 ......................................... 1927......... ................................................................ New Jersey:1 1925 ................... 1926 .................1927 N ew York: 1925 1926_.....................................— - .................................. 19 21 3.02 4.04 2.43 5. 51 153 126 24, 28 24.26 0.63 .52 172 147 27. 30 28.30 3.07 6.03 2 3 .67 1.12 .19 .33 33 37 11.00 13. 75 .26 .40 36 41 12.00 15.24 2.44 2.96 1,149 968 782 9 7 8 2.61 2.41 3.41 4.23 1.00 1.15 70 30 22 20.30 10.34 9.38 .56 .28 .23 79 37 30 22.91 12. 75 12. 79 4.79 1.28 1.38 1,458 1,757 21 20 4.80 3. 77 4.00 4.17 100 164 22.86 30.94 .88 1.87 121 184 27.66 34. 71 4.88 6.04 4 4 2,085 1, 732 3 4 1,003 897 5 3 3 4 6 1 1 0.33 .37 1.99 2.23 ACCIDENTS 5 6 INDUSTRIAL Massachusetts: 1926 1927 ................... Minnesota: 1925 1926 1927 ___ N ew York* 1927 ......... Ohio: 1925 . ................. 1926 ....................... 1927 _ Pennsylvania: 1927.......................................................... STATISTICS State and year Num ber of estab lish ments Total Temporary disability 1926.................................................................................. 1927.................................................................................. 2 2 76 43 1925_............................................................................... 1926.................................................................................. 24 9 2,669 2,097 Pennsylvania: 1 1 0.12 .16 0.75 .95 6 2 0. 75 .32 7 0.26 .17 3 0.87 Ao •rQ fc 1.01 1.12 Stoves Accidents for States reporting all disabilities extending beyond day of injury 1 2 2 1 1 54 64 5.00 2 1 151 55 54.00 6.05 .33 54.00 6.05 .33 3 1 3 399 380 021 1 .91 .66 4.18 5.45 1.92 .14 .21 .05 4.18 6.36 1. 92 .14 .87 .05 3 2 943 673 3 1 1.07 .50 1.17 1.48 22.86 29.22 .34 .51 23.93 29.72 1. 51 1.99 2 2 3 304 360 406 7 9 2 7.77 8. 33 1. 64 7.84 3. 61 2.71 32 31 22 35.55 28. 71 18.08 .81 .41 1.01 40 24 43.33 37.04 19. 72 8.65 4.02 3.72 8 8 11 8 1,753 1,028 2,924 901 2 5 4 .38 1.61 .46 .48 1.65 .90 275 79 428 61 52.30 25.48 48. 79 22.58 .49 .38 .64 .26 277 84 433 61 52.68 27.09 49.36 22.58 .97 2.03 4 4 879 926 3 7 1.15 2. 52 .91 1.03 245 94.23 110.17 1.22 313 95.38 112.69 2.13 2.27 1 1 28 23 10.00 0.65 1.64 10.00 0.65 1.64 1 .11 .68 0. 58 1.11 1.00 0.17 3.59 1.21 41.96 42. 77 42.80 87. 98 0.54 .68 42.54 43.88 0 .7 4.27 1.90 5.00 1.24 87. 98 2.22 .26 INDUSTRIES 572 612 662 MANUFACTURING i Closed cases only are reported. 9 8 8 I N Indiana: 192 5 .............. 192 6 192 7 _____ Iowa: 192 6 192 7 Kentucky: 192 6 ______ 192 7 Maryland: 1925__............... 192 6 ................. 192 7 Massachusetts: 192 6 .............. 192 7 ................ Minnesota: 1926____________ 1927____________ N ew York: 1 9 27 .... Ohio: 192 5 192 6 192 7 Pennsylvania: 1927 Tennessee: 192 6 192 7 West Virginia: 1926. . .. 1927. . . ACCIDENTS ■6S— oH>698 Accidents for States reporting only fatalities and permanent disabilities California: T a b le 6 .— Continued Number of accidents and accident frequency and severity rates in specified industries, 1925, 1926, and 192?, by States Stoves— Continued [Where no figures are shown no accidents occurred. California reported no Fre Full-year quency workers N um rate (per ber of 1,000,000 cases hours’ exposure) Pennsylvania reported none for 1925 and 1926] Permanent disability Severity Severity Fre rate rate quency (per N um (per rate (per 1,000 ber of 1,000 1,000,000 hours’ cases hours’ hours’ expo expo exposure) sure) sure) Total Temporary disability Num ber of cases Fre quency rate (per 1,000,000 hours’ exposure) Severity rate (per 1,000 hours’ expo sure) N um ber of cases Fre quency rate (per 1,000,000 hours’ exposure) Severity rate (per 1,000 hours’ expo sure), O F Accidents for States reporting only disabilities extending beyond one week - - ................. 723 379 1 1 3 1 747 519 303 51 1 1 0.45 .88 0.48 .88 0.16 13 3.80 3.83 0.13 .08 18 16 4.28 4.71 0.27 1.82 45 11 2 3 1,387 1,130 20.45 9.68 .53 .37 46 12 20.90 10.56 3.30 5.65 66 30 19 6 30.00 19.25 21.11 39.14 .83 .42 1.46 .87 72 36 23 6 32.72 23.10 25.55 39.14 3.24 4. 54 6.96 .87 7 35.00 0.62 1. 85 3 3.58 1.85 .30 1 2 .26 .80 1.58 2.73 0.14 1.74 2. 76 5.28 6 6 4 2. 72 3. 85 4.44 2.41 4.12 5. 50 Accidents for State reporting only disabilities extending beyond 10 days I 35. 00 73 0. 62 Accidents for States reporting only fatalities and permanent disabilities dniifnrrti a • 1Q97 Pennsylvania: 1925 1926 2 1,264 821 3 280 9 5 1 1 0.26 .40 1. 58 2.43 1 3.58 .40 ACCIDENTS 6 6 2 1 ..................... INDUSTRIAL Illinois: 1926 1927 Michigan: 1926 1927 N ew Jersey : 1 1926 1927 N ew York* 1926 Virginia' 1927 STATISTICS Num ber of estab lish ments State and year ° temporary disabilities, and Death ^ Structural-iron work Accidents for States reporting all disabilities extending beyond day of injury 2 3 2 2 2 354 372 546 2 2 5 166 136 616 16 8 10 21 3 1,419 378 2,202 3,856 277 8. 51 1 43 \ 2 1.88 11.29 1 .61 3.66 1 9 4 16 1 .23 8.18 .61 1. 38 1.20 1.41 47.59 3. 63 8. 30 7.21 76. 07 95! 55 41.81 0. 52 l! 54 .87 36 91 40 78. 24 101! 10 47. 78 t O 1. so t> 29.15 10.19 10.00 27. 21 10 10 44 20. 00 72.47 34 27 3. 55 3. 09 ! 52 12 10 44 30.00 72.47 34.‘ 27 30. 76 3 09 ! 52 2 1 2.86 1. 52 .85 2. 74 11 20 15. 71 30.47 .31 .37 14 21 20.00 31. 99 9.68 3.11 1. 30 . 39 25 12.86 32! 44 . 30 ! 87 9 26 12. 86 3 *. 74 3 30 l] 26 1 1 1 .94 .91 .61 1.13 . 53 1.83 6 32 37 5.65 29. 09 22! 58 .27 . 48 .33 9 33 39 8.47 30.00 23.’ 80 12.69 1.01 5.82 2 246 257 1 35 86 35 9 235 219 1. 30 13. 69 2.15 1.08 .32 25 11 31 50. 00 27. 01 1 *. 78 6 . 91 . 43 l! 07 25 11 33 50.00 27. 01 17l 86 . 91 43 l! 39 5 4 4 6 1 1.17 3.64 .61 .52 1.20 1.20 2.12 .18 .39 .36 424 185 174 544 115 99.57 168.18 26. 33 47.02 138.19 1.15 2.86 .43 .54 1.84 430 198 182 566 117 100.97 180.00 27.55 48.92 140. 59 3.76 52.57 4.24 9. 23 9.41 3 15 42.74 0.54 Accidents for State reporting only disabilities extending beyond five days Oklahoma: 1927_____________________ 1 1 1 Closed cases only are reported. 117 (3) I 15 42.74 0.54 1 2 Record is for 6 months only (July to December). 3 Fatal cases not reported. INDUSTRIES 1 1 13.92 7.17 2.17 3. 33 4.78 1 66 53 46 428 2.22 1 .19 MANUFACTURING 1 1 1 2 2 1 1 3 4 2 153 287 279 I N 5 5 5 ACCIDENTS Indiana; 1925................................................................................. 1926____________________________________________ 1927____________________________________ ______ _ Iowa: 1925____________________________________________ 1926_____________________________________ ______ 1927________________________________ _________ Kansas: 1927 2______________________ _______ _______ M aryland: 1926____________________________________________ 1927____________________________________________ Massachusetts: 1926____________________________________________ 1927_______________________________ _____ _______ Minnesota: 1925___________________ _____ __________________ _ 1926________________________________ ____________ 1927___________________________________________ _ Nebraska: 1926____________________________________ _______ 1927____ ______ __________________________ _____ _ N ew York: 1927____________________________ _____ _ Ohio: 1925_____________________________ _______________ 1926_________________________________ __________ 1927____________________________________________ Pennsylvania: 1927------------------------------ -----------------Texas: 1927....... .................................................................. T a b le 6.—Number of accidents and accident frequency and severity rates in specified industries, 1925,1926, and 1927, by States— Continued Structural-iron work— Continued [Where no figures are shown no accidents occurred. Permanent disability Death Num ber of estab lish ments Fre Full-year quency workers N um rate (per ber of 1,000,000 cases hours’ exposure) Total Temporary disability Severity Severity Fre rate rate quency Num N um (per (per rate (per 1,000 ber of ber of 1,000 1,000,000 hours’ cases cases hours’ hours’ expo expo exposure) sure) sure) Fre quency rate (per 1,000,000 hours’ exposure) Severity rate Num (per ber of 1,000 cases hours’ expo sure) Fre quency rate (per 1,000,000 hours’ exposure) Severity rate (per 1,000 hours’ expo sure) O F Accidents for States reporting only disabilities extending beyond one week 1.13 .76 .52 6. 76 4.60 3.10 2 3 2 313 537 368 I .62 100 1 8 1 218 j 7 6 2 929 821 452 2 4 4 212 628 591 29 45 52 32.69 34.61 26.87 1.11 1.02 .54 38 53 64 42.84 40. 75 33.07 17.45 9.76 9.53 4.26 7.98 1.81 .54 17 37 14 18.09 23.13 12. 67 .62 1.02 .25 21 38 16 22.35 23. 75 14.48 8.60 4.74 .79 3. 72 2 1 3 9.58 4.14 5.89 2 1 5 j ! 1 .36 2.00 2.15 12.17 .57 3. 38 3.06 3. 22 12 18. 39 .48 14 21.45 3.70 11 15 7 3.95 6.00 5.16 3. 78 4.83 6.08 32 44 107 11.48 17.60 78.89 .45 1.27 1.94 44 64 114 15.79 25.60 84.05 6.38 18.27 8.02 2 6 8 3.15 3.16 4. 51 1.65 1.83 3.64 16 89 101 25.17 46.84 56.94 .57 1.28 1.51 18 95 101 28. 32 50.00 62.02 2.22 3.11 8.54 Accidents for State reporting only disabilities extending beyond 10 days Virginia: 1926______________________________________ 1 43 1 10.00 23.76 8 80.00 3.45 9 90.00 | 27.21 ACCIDENTS 1 1 1 9.02 5.38 5.68 2 296 434 645 8 7 11 4 3 4 4 INDUSTRIAL Illinois: 1925______________________ _______________ ______ 1926____________________________________________ 1927_______________________ _____ _______________ M ichigan: 1925 __________________________________________ 1926 1927 __________________________________________ N ew Jersey:1 1925 1926 1927 ___________________________________________ .N ew York: 1925____________________________________________ 1926 ____________________ _____ ______________ Virginia: 1 9 2 7 ._ __ _____________________________ _ Wisconsin: 1925............... ................................................................. 1926______________________ ______ ____ _______ 1927 ................................................................................ STATISTICS State and year ^ California reported no tem porary disabilities, and Pennsylvania reported none for 1925 and 1926] Accidents for States reporting only fatalities and permanent disabilities California: 192 6 192 7 2 2 1.42 1.03 8.59 6.19 3 4 2.14 2.06 0.96 .98 5 6 3. 56 3.09 9.55 7.17 192 5 192 6 20 14 2,681 2,908 1 2 .12 .23 .75 1.37 10 18 1.24 2.07 .45 1.10 11 20 1. 36 2.30 1.20 2.47 50 79 9.61 7.42 0 .2 1 21 19.09 18.89 .94 . 59 M •O O Woolen goods Accidents for States reporting all disabilities extending beyond day of injury 1,746 3,545 2 2 377 459 2 1 2,777 1,859 5 4 3 2,392 741 917 1 4 19 213 2,093 6,054 1 1 252 128 50 78 1 0.09 0.03 1 1 .91 .73 .6 6 .2 2 25 2 .24 .07 61 .13 .28 .37 26 7.35 3.58 .26 63 .1 2 20 7.59 3.58 14.44 18.45 4.36 .45 .2 1 .19 105 41 14 14.58 18.45 5.09 4 6 .6 6 .33 74 11.79 !Pennsylvania: 1927 09 10.24 186 .28 .17 .13 1G 1 lul 13 0.14 .15 .13 0.83 104 41 2 .06 .33 .73 2 1 0 .2 1 18.18 18.16 20 20 1 9.61 7.33 | .32 4 1.31 .2 2 12 8 ! 16.25 20.76 4 76 13 8 .16 .1 2 1.28 .2 1 1.50 6 66 12 ! 11 in. ro 1U . 28 .*50 re •O O 16.25 20.76 .15 .13 12.71 17.20 1.82 .64 1.42 6.50 .06 O Q •66 Accidents for States reporting only disabilities extending beyond one week Georgia: 1926............................................................ 1927................................................................................ Michigan: 1926............................................................................. 1927................................................................................ New Jersey:1 1925_............................................................................... 1926................................................................................. 1927................................................................................. 2 2 378 388 1 1 0.90 .8 6 1.59 .26 13 19 11.81 16.34 0.23 Q O •oo 20 4 4 694 615 3 1 .54 .16 11 1.42 5.96 .06 .17 12 1.59 1.96 ri. 75 .06 .04 .04 42 37 42 4 6,910 g 3,403 .43 .2 2 33 6 6 4,945 17 16 1 .6 6 1.08 1.91 1.27 26 20 14 3 2 .0 2 9 aq 0 .0 * 2.83 INDUSTRIES 3 4 MANUFACTURING M aine: 1926............. ................................................................... 1927 ............................................................. .................. Maryland: 1926____________________ _______ _____ __________ 1927_............................................................................... Massachusetts: 1926________________________ _____ ______________ 1927____________________________ . N ew Hampshire: 1926______________________________ _________ 1927____________________________________________ N ew York: 1927___________________________ Ohio: 1926____________________________ 1927________________________________ ............ .................... __ Tennessee: 1926................................................... 1927...................................................................... I N 466 647 ACCIDENTS 4 4 Pennsylvania: .27 1.95 1.31 00 6.—Number of accidents and accident frequency and severity rates in specified industries, 1925, 1926, and 1927, by States— Continued 14 1 T a b le Woolen goods— Continued [Where no figures are shown no accidents occurred. California reported no tem porary disabilities, and Pennsylvania reported none for 1925 and 1926] Permanent disability Death Severity Severity Fre rate rate Num (per N u m quency (per rate (per ber of 1,000 ber of 1,000 1,000,000 cases hours’ cases hours' hours’ expo expo exposure) sure) sure) Fre Full-year quency workers N um rate (per ber of 1,000,000 cases hours' exposure) Fre quency rate (per 1,000,000 hours’ exposure) Severity rate (per N um 1,000 ber of hours’ cases expo sure) Fre quency rate (per 1,000,000 hours’ exposure) Severity rate (per 1,000 hours’ expo sure) _ ____ 2 2 1.51 1.67 155 493 9.39 3.06 0. 77 .07 36 4 10.90 3.06 2.44 .07 1.60 4.74 .32 .13 8 7 1.60 4. 74 .32 .13 3 2.30 0.06 0.29 .52 0.61 .69 Accidents for State reporting only disabilities extending beyond 10 days 2 Virginia* 1926 ! 1 ! 446 1 ! | 1 1 1 L_ _______ 1 3 2.30 0.06 Accidents for States reporting only permanent disabilities and fatalities California: 1927 Pennsylvania: 1925 1926 i ! 2 1 1Q9f} _______________________ ______ Grand total: 1925 1926 1927 191 141 21 13 5,772 3,850 1 555, 996 1,288 991,082 2,209 2,676 1,075, 282 171 370 459 0.06 0. 35 = = = = = ===== i 4 6 2,047 4,090 3,949 0.23 0.26 .52 .69 ======== _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 5 j 6 ! 21,496 44,041 57,072 23, 714 48, 501 61,480 ACCIDENTS 31 4 8 7 5 1,092 435 INDUSTRIAL 4 2 N ew York* 1026 Virginia* 1927 Wisconsin: 1926 1927 O F Accidents for States reporting only disabilities extending beyond one week— Continued STATISTICS Num ber of estab lish ments State and year Total Temporary disability ACCIDENTS IN SPECIFIED INDUSTRIES, CLASSIFIED BY NATURE OF INJURY, 1927 T a b le 7. — Number of accidents in 1927 in specified industries residting in death, permanent disability, or temporary disability beyond day of injury , by nature of injury I N Permanent partial disability 2 D eath 1 Loss of 1 arm Loss Loss of 1 of 1 foot eye Loss of 1 thumb Loss of 1 fin ger 20 417 34 50 17 8 27 61 126 8 16 256 88 16 23 24 47 87 23 81 Loss of 2 fin gers Loss of 3 fin gers | Loss Loss of Loss of Loss of of 4 thumb thumb thumb fin and 1 and 2 and 3 gers finger fingers fingers Loss of Loss Loss thumb of of and 4 great any 2 Other Total fingers toe toes 54 15 73 116 271 30 28 604 209 34 51 64 140 223 51 155 1 Fatal cases not reported in Oklahoma. ^ 2 Amputation between the knee and the ankle or between the elbow and the wrist is considered as loss of foot or hand; at or above the knee or elbow, as loss of a leg or an arm. L oss of a phalanx, permanent malformation, or permanent stiffness of a joint is regarded as loss of a member. Ql INDUSTRIES Agricultural implements______________ Automobiles___ __________________ _____ Automobile tires_____ _________________ Boots and shoes_________ _______ ______ Brick___________________________________ Carpets-------------------------------------------------Chemicals______________________________ Cotton goods----------------------------------------Electrical machinery_______ _____ _____ Fertilizers------------------- -------------------------Flour. ____________ ______ _______________ Foundry and machine-shop products. Furniture______ ____________________ ___ Glass_________ _____ _____________ _____ Hardware---------------------------------------------Leather-------------------------------------------------Lumber— Planing m ills----------------------Lumber— Saw m ills____________________ Machine tools---------------------------------------Paper and pu lp________________________ Loss Loss of 1 of 1 hand MANUFACTURING Industry ACCIDENTS Table 7 analyzes the accident data by nature of injury and extent of disability and covers only the year 1927. Here no frequency and severity rates are given. While these rates are desirable if a detailed study is to be made, for example, of the relative importance of the loss of an arm and the loss of an eye, the demand for information of this character does not appear to justify the time and space required to compute and publish these statistics. Should a sample exhibit of this kind be desired, reference is made to the Labor Review for January, 1928 (p. 73), where such information for the year 1926 is published. l T a b le 7. — Number of accidents in 1927 in specified industries resulting in death, permanent disability, or temporary disability beyond day of injury , by nature of injury — Continued Permanent partial disability Industry Loss of 1 foot 8 1 8 8 1 5 8 1 1 1 2 2 41 3 13 28 2 3 2 27 1 6 5 1 2 1 1 1 459 70 213 56 5 6 20 1 1 4 -- 113 Loss Loss of 1 of 1 eye thumb 8 1 7 7 5 2 1 218 10 1 6 21 6 7 6 9 3 Loss Loss of Loss of of 4 thumb thumb fin and 1 and 2 gers finger fingers Loss of 1 fin ger Loss of 2 fin gers Loss of 3 fin gers 62 6 29 98 31 23 13 18 13 15 2 7 3 3 i 7 1 1 Loss of Loss Loss of of thumb Other Total and 4 great any 2 fingers toe toes 2 368 1, 722 3 36 6 3 4 3 328 7 1 2 1 Loss of thumb and 3 fingers 1 2 1 1 5 1 3 3 1 3 1 1 4 133 60 2 1 1 1 1 118 46 58 20 4 5 40 2 13 67 1 5 4 9 2 178 13 74 295 52 59 37 54 28 407 3, 939 Permanent total disability 2 Agricultural implements.. Automobiles........ ................ Automobile tires_________ Boots and shoes....... ........... Brick______________ _______ Carpets_______________ ____ Chemicals_________ _______ Cotton goods--------------------Electrical machinery___ — Fertilizers..-------- -------------Flour................................... Loss Loss of of both both arms Loss Loss of of both both hands feet 80 794 72 86 54 15 73 116 274 30 28 222 743 1,135 327 449 33 80 834 644 57 192 245 1,994 826 259 415 86 199 564 736 125 115 163 1,235 726 160 473 65 140 431 546 115 73 100 674 397 67 139 19 74 267 262 32 40 59 444 248 49 90 10 55 197 208 14 31 114 984 482 114 112 11 98 423 402 68 48 11 209 25 30 24 18 25* 75 134 8 18 31 60 2 17 27 24 17 47 12 24 945 6,343 3,841 1,023 1, 729 242 695 2,808 2,979 431 541 ACCIDENTS Industry Temporary disability3 terminating in Grand total perma nent Dura Sixth Four Total partial Loss tion teenth to tempo and of dis First Second Third Fourth Fifth of Other Totai thir week rary both total week 4 w eek5 week week week ability teenth or dis dis not week later ability known ability INDUSTRIAL Loss of 1 leg O F Total___________ ____________________________ Loss Loss of 1 of 1 arm hand STATISTICS Petroleum refining......................................................... Pottery................................................................................. Shipbuilding steel______________________ _________ Slaughtering and meat packing_ _____ _ _______ _ Stamped and enameled ware____ Steam fittings, apparatus, and supplies Stoves_______________ ___________ Structural ironw ork._ _ _ __ _ ____________ Woolen goods____ . _ Death 3 607 209 34 51 64 142 223 51 155 178 13 74 296 52 59 37 54 28 2,020 523 797 67 289 174 460 306 712 934 81 313 1,452 67 771 444 360 113 2,179 477 717 150 367 245 884 210 621 460 94 242 1,442 71 436 229 363 148 1,545 314 392 99 221 153 662 131 396 274 62 179 850 58 282 143 281 131 3,949 14, 599 14,899 10,300 733 148 157 35 103 103 494 77 255 149 33 96 426 34 105 71 114 41 481 79 78 22 60 63 301 82 140 91 19 55 242 16 62 80 74 28 749 152 147 28 110 171 534 79 313 190 35 122 414 34 128 81 103 44 212 28 16 6 14 54 127 15 102 59 5 32 79 13 22 10 31 4 13 169 5 9 4 21 2 8,024 1,766 2,314 416 1,175 994 3,572 910 2,610 2,226 329 1,052 5,074 298 1,815 1,062 1,347 511 5, 243 3,387 6,290 1,406 946 57,072 105 45 10 9 11 31 110 10 62 71 INDUSTRIES MANUFACTURING 2 Am putation between the knee and the ankle or between the elbow and the wrist is considered as loss of foot or hand: at or above the knee or elbow, as loss of a leg or an arm. Loss of a phalanx, permanent malformation, or permanent stiffness of a joint is regarded as loss of a member. 3 N o temporary disabilities reported by California. * The following States do not report temporary disabilities ending in the first week (see notes 3 and 5): Alabama, California, Georgia, Illinois, Michigan, New Jersey. New York. Oklahoma (only those over five days are included), Virginia, Wisconsin. 5 Covers all States included in this report except Alabama and California. I N Total.. 1 ACCIDENTS Foundry and machine shop products___ Furniture_________________________________ Glass______________________________________ Hardware__________ _______ ______ _______ Leather_____________________ ______ _______ Lumber, planing mills....... ........... ................ Lumber, sawmills__________________ _____ Machine tools_____________________________ Paper and pulp____________ _____ ______ . . . Petroleum refining............ .............................. Pottery____________________ _________ ______ Shipbuilding, steel_____________ _________ Slaughtering and meat packing__________ Stamped and enameled ware____________ Steam fittings, apparatus, and supplies. Stoves______________________ ______________ Structural-iron work_____________ ________ Woolen goods_____________________________ Chapter IV.— ACCIDENT EXPERIENCE IN THE IRON AND STEEL INDUSTRY TO THE END OF 1927 The first attempt of the bureau at a complete presentation and statistical analysis of accident data in any industry was in Senate Document 110 (62d Cong., 1st sess.), published in 1913, which gave the results of a detailed study of accidents and accident prevention in the iron and steel industry. This record was brought down to date in Bulletins 234 and 298 of the bureau. Since 1910 accident records in this industry have been collected annually and published from time to time, although an exhaustive analysis of these figures has not been made since that included in Bulletin 298, which was issued in June, 1922, and presents the record in detail to the end of 1919. Data for a further critical study are now being assembled covering the 10-year period since 1919. In the present report there is included only a brief review of the accident records of the industry and of its various depart ments, with a limited analysis of accident causes for the entire period of the bureau’s investigations down to the end of the year 1927. ACCIDENT EXPERIENCE OF SELECTED PLAN TS, 1907 TO 1927 For the purposes of this annual review the data available are pre sented in two groups. The first group is composed of the plants which were pioneers in accidents prevention and have maintained from year to year a continuous and energetic effort to reduce their accident rates. The second group includes all plants from which information could be obtained, including the selected plants in the first group. Table 8 presents the facts for the selected group from 1913 to 1927. T a b le 8.—-Accident frequ en cy rates (per 1,000,000 hours’ exposure) fo r a selected group of iron and steel plants, 1913 to 1927, by product and year Year Fabri cated products Sheets Wire and products Miscellan eous steel prod[ucts Tubes Total Group A 1913-___ ________________________ 1914_____________________________ 1915__ ___________________________ 1 9 1 6 . __________________________ 1917 _ y___________________________ .1918______________________________ 1919______________________________ 1920_________ ____________________ 1921_____________________________ 1922______________________________ 1923______________________________ 1924_____________________________ 1925______________________________ 1926______________________________ 1927______________________________ 100.3 59.0 53. 5 52.1 51. 3 38.2 32.8 35. 3 28.4 33.8 32.6 33.4 27.4 24.3 18.0 61.6 47.2 37.3 34.0 33.9 25.9 25.8 22.7 17.5 16.9 17,2 10.3 11.4 9.4 8.4 59.3 46.2 52.4 48.2 32.5 18.8 12. 5 12.0 7.5 7.9 7.9 6.2 4.2 3.9 3.5 27.2 12.5 10.8 12.4 10.2 9.1 9.1 8.9 6.1 7.1 7.0 5.1 4.0 3.6 2.5 Group B 70.9 50. 7 51.9 67.6 51.3 42. 0 39. 7 35. 3 15. 8 14. 5 13.9 11. 8 9.8 6. 6 5.1 41.3 27.6 23.0 28.2 20.5 31.4 23.0 18.6 12.1 10.8 9.8 7.9 3.7 3.8 2.7 60. 3 43.5 41.5 44.4 34. 5 28.8 26.1 22.9 13.2 13.0 12,7 10.2 8.2 6.8 5.3 It will be observed that there is a continuous and considerable r decline in the rates in each of the processes covered by the table. The degree of this change for the better will be more evident if the 118 119 ACCIDENT EXPERIENCEi IN IRON AND STEEL INDUSTRY year 1913 be compared with 1927, the decline between these two years being as follows: Fabricated products from 100.3 to 13; sheets from 61.6 to 8.4; wire and its products from 59.3 to 3.5; tubes from 27.2 to 2.5; miscellaneous steel products, group A, from 70.9 to 5.1; miscella neous steel products, group B, from 41.3 to 2.7; all processes from 60.3 to 5.3. Table 9 presents the same data as that in Table 8 from the standpoint of accident causes: T a b le 9.— A ccident freq u en cy rates (per 1,000,000 hours’ exposure) f o r a selected group o f iron and steel plants, 1913 to 1927, by year and cause Accident cause 1913 1914 1915 1916 1917 1918 1919 1920 1921 1922 1923 1924 1925 1926 1927 M achinery____________ 7.3 5.0 4.9 5.4 4.5 4.0 3.3 3.4 Working machines. 3.8 2.7 2.6 2.6 2.0 1.8 1.4 1.5 .9 1.0 Caught in_____ 2.5 1.8 1.7 1.7 1.2 1.1 .1 .1 .1 .1 .1 Breakage_____ .1 .1 .1 M oving mate .7 .4 .8 .8 .8 .4 .6 rial in----------- 1.2 Cranes, etc________ 3.5 2.3 2.3 2.8 2.5 2.2 1.9 1.9 Overhead_____ 2.8 1.9 2.0 2.5 2.2 1.9 1.6 1.5 .2 .2 .2 .3 .2 .2 .2 .2 Locomotive- __ Other hoisting .1 apparatus-__ .4 .1 .1 .1 .1 .2 .2 .1 1.9 1.6 1.7 1.7 1.3 1.2 Vehicles_______________ 2.3 Hot substances________ 5.4 3.6 3.7 4.5 3.6 3.0 2.8 2.5 #2 .3 .3 Electricity_________ .5 .4 .2 .4 .3 Hot metal_________ 3.6 2.1 2.3 3.0 2.5 2.1 2J) 1.8 Hot water, etc____ 1.3 1.1 1.2 1.1 .8 .6 .6 .4 Falls of persons. ___ __ 4.5 4.1 3.5 3.7 3.2 2.8 2.8 2.5 .3 .1 .1 .1 ., .1 .2 From ladders_____ .1 .1 #2 .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 From scaffolds____ .3 .2 .2 .1 ’1 . .1 Into openings___ .1 .1 .3 Due to insecure 2.6 2.3 2.3 2.1 footing__________ 3.8 3.7 3.1 3.1 Falling material not .4 .7 .3 .4 otherwise specified— 1.2 .7 .6 Handling _______ ___ 26.7 19.4 20.6 21.5 15.7 12.8 11.7 10.4 Dropped in han dling- __________ 11.2 7.3 7.6 8.4 6.1 5.5 5.0 4.4 2. 1 1.7 1.7 1.3 Caught between _ __ 3.4 2.6 2.6 3.1 .9 .7 Trucks_______r____ 1.9 1.0 1.4 1.4 1.2 .6 1.4 1.4 1.1 Lifting __________ 2.5 2.3 2.5 2.5 2.0 Flying from tools_ .2 .2 .1 .1 .1 .1 .1 .1 Sharp points and 1.5 edges____________ 3.8 3.4 3.8 3.1 2. 2 1.5 1.3 Tools______________ 3.7 2.6 2.6 2.9 2.0 1.7 1.4 1.4 Miscellaneous_________ 12.9 8.8 6.5 7.0 5.4 4.6 4.1 3.1 .2 .1 Asphyxiating gas _ _ .3 .2 1 .1 .1 .1 Flying, not strik ing eye------- ------.8 .6 .6 .4 .5 .3 .3 .5 Flying, striking eye---------------------- 2.9 2.1 1.7 1.9 1.6 1.6 1.3 1.1 H eat_______________ .9 .8 .4 .4 .2 .1 .1 .1 Other ____________ 8.0 5.1 3.7 4.1 3.2 2.2 2.2 1.5 1.8 .8 .6 .1 2.2 1.1 .8 .1 2.3 1.0 .7 (0 2.0 .8 .6 0) 1.6 .7 .5 0) 1.5 .7 .5 0 1.3 .5 .4 0) .1 1.0 .8 .2 .3 1.2 1.0 .1 .2 1.3 1.1 .1 .2 1.2 .9 .1 .2 .9 .7 .1 .2 ‘9 . .7 .1 .1 .8 .6 .1 .1 .5 1.2 .1 .8 .2 1.7 .1 .1 .1 .1 .4 1.1 .1 .7 .3 1.5 .1 .1 0) .1 .6 1.2 0) .9 .2 1.4 .1 .1 .1 .1 .5 .9 .1 .6 .2 1.4 .1 .1 0) .1 .3 .6 0) .4 .1 1.1 0) .1 0) .1 .3 .5 .1 .4 .1 1.0 .1 .1 0) .1 .2 .4 0) .3 .1 .7 C) 1 .1 0) 1.4 1.3 1.1 1.1 .9 .8 .6 .1 6.5 .1 5.8 .1 5.5 .1 3.9 .1 ,3.4 .1 2.9 0) 2.0 2.6 .7 .5 .8 .1 2.6 .7 .4 .8 .1 2.3 .7 .4 .5 .1 1.9 .5 .2 .3 0) 1.5 .4 .2 .3 0) 1.2 .3 .2 .3 0) .9 .2 .1 .2 0) 1.1 .8 1.3 .5 .6 .7 1.9 0) .6 .8 1.8 .1 .3 .6 1.6 (0 .4 .5 1.1 G) .4 .5 .4 0) .3 .3 .6 0) .2 .1 .3 .2 .1 .1 .1 .5 .1 .6 .4 1 1.3 .2 0) 1.1 .3 .1 1.0 .2 0) .8 .1 0) .2 .1 0) .3 Grand total_____ 60. 3 43. 5 41. 5 44.4 34.5 28. 8 26.3 22.0 13.3 13.0 12.8 10.2 8.2 6.8 5.3 . . 1 Less than one-tenth of 1 per cent. It is quite possible for an unsatisfactory condition to be concealed in some portion of an experience which had been inadequately analyzed. To determine whether accident reduction effort had been effective in all phases of the various processes, rates were determined for the causes of accident. This brought out the pervasive character of the accident-prevention efforts and also served to indicate the relative importance of the causes. One rather striking fact comes to light in this presentation— namely, that machinery still has a degree of importance as a cause of accident. It has been quite customary to regard the machine as being now so well guarded as to be almost nonhazardous. The table shows that while the machine is now much STATISTICS OF INDUSTRIAL ACCIDENTS 120 less of a menace than formerly it has not gained in safety as compared with other causes. The foregoing represents the high-water mark thus far attained in controlling the accident situation in the iron and steel industry. Attention will now be given to the industry as a whole. THE INDUSTRY AND ITS DEPARTMENTS Table 10 presents the facts for such departments as could be treated in the manner shown. Accident frequency and severity are shown by means of a 5-year moving average; that is, each year is considered as ending a 5-year period. For example, for the five years ending with 1911 all the departments shown in the table have an average frequency rate of 69.2 and a severity rate of 5. When the 5-year period ending in 1927 is reached the frequency rate has dropped to 24.7 and the severity rate to 2.4 The decline is remark ably regular. This makes more conspicuous the unfortunate excep tion in the foundries. It is clear from the experience of some of the foundry companies and of certain individual plants that it is possible to conduct foundry operations just as safely as any other branch of the iron and steel industry. It is therefore disappointing to find that, from year to year, when rates are calculated, the foundries show little or no improvement. T able 10.— Accident rates in the iron and steel industry, by department and period Period All de part ments Blast furnaces Bessemer con verters Open hearth Foun dries H eavyrolling mills Plate mills Sheet mills Frequency rates (per 1,000,000 hours’ exposure) 1907-1911......................... 1908-1912........................ 1909-1913......................... 1910-1914........................ 1911-1915...................... 1912-1916........................ 1913-1917................... 1914-1918........................ 1915-1919-____ _______ 1916-1920............... 1917-1921_____________ 1918-1922_____________ 1919-1923_____________ 1920-1924................... 1921-1925....................... 1922-1926......................... 1923-1927....................... 69.2 65.1 62.1 59.2 53.3 51.3 48.2 43.6 41.5 41.1 39.5 36.5 34.9 33.6 31.3 29.9 24.7 76.1 67.7 62.4 62.3 50.3 47.8 41.4 40.5 39.0 38.0 36.3 34.0 32.9 30.7 29.0 28.7 24.6 101.5 79.5 92.3 89.8 65.0 76.1 68.3 60.7 57.7 53.1 47.0 39.9 30.5 24.9 17.0 16.7 13.5 84.2 79.5 78.6 75.0 67.6 64.8 58.4 53.5 50.5 50.2 44.8 41.3 33.0 32.9 29.9 28.3 22.9 60.1 61.5 65.1 63.6 59.3 57.8 60.4 57.0 61.0 61.0 63.1 60.4 61.7 62.7 63.1 62.8 55.1 61.0 57.0 51.7 46.1 39.4 37.3 32.1 31.1 32.4 31.4 29.9 27.6 23.8 21.2 18.1 16.6 13.2 69.4 60.8 55.9 49.9 44.7 41.5 36.6 39.8 39.2 38.4 37.6 36.7 31.4 29.4 26.8 25.6 19.2 44.1 47.9 49.1 51.1 48.1 47.4 41.3 35.8 32.7 33.7 33.4 35.237.2 35.1 33.2 30.6 22.9 5.1 4.1 3.8 3.9 3.1 2.8 2.6 2.6 2.5 2.6 2.5 2.5 2.4 2.4 2.6 2.6 2.2 3.1 2.8 3.0 2.6 2.2 2.3 2.1 1.8 1.5 1.8 1.7 1.8 1.9 2.1 1.9 1.8 1.0 Severity rates (per 1,000 hours’ exposure) 1907-1911........................ 1908-1912...................... 1909-1913....................... 1910-1914....................... 1911-1915........................ 1912-1916............... .. 1913-1917........................ 1914-1918..................... 1915-1919........................ 1916-1920........................ 1917-1921......................... 1918-1922......................... 1919-1923......................... 1920-1924........................ 1921-1925......................... 1922-1926......................... 1923-1927......................... 5.0 4.3 4.4 4.1 3.6 3.7 3.7 3.5 3.6 3.5 3.4 3.1 3.0 2.8 2.7 2.8 2.4 10.6 8.8 8.3 7.0 6.2 5.8 5.6 5.4 5.8 5.7 5.7 5.5 5.0 4.5 4.6 4.7 4.1 7.6 7.4 6.7 6.4 5.3 6.1 7.1 7.3 6.9 6.3 5.4 4.2 3.2 2.6 3.2 4.0 3.7 7.5 6.6 6.8 6.6 5.8 5.5 5.1 5.8 6.5 6.3 5.8 5.3 4.2 4.2 4.0 4.6 4.3 2.7 3.1 3.5 3.6 3.3 3.1 3.3 3.2 3.4 3.2 3.2 2.7 2.7 2.8 3.1 3.2 2.9 4.4 4.2 4.0 3.6 3.4 3.5 3.6 3.4 3.9 3.5 3.3 2.9 2.4 2.3 2.6 2.6 2.4 121 ACCIDENT EXPERIENCE IN IRON AND STEEL INDUSTRY The trend of accident frequency and severity in the industry as a whole and in the various departments thereof, as shown by the experience in the three 5-year periods from 1910 to 1924 and in the 3-year period from 1925 to 1927, is next presented. The 3-year period is brought into comparison with the three 5-year periods in order to show the almost universal downward trend of accident rates in representative departments in the industry more accurately than would be accomplished if the records for 1925, 1926, and 1927 were brought into comparison as separate years. A statistical picture of a group of years is always more satisfactory in a historical presenta tion of accident data than a record giving each year by itself, because the inequalities produced by unusual circumstances, such as a catas trophic occurrence, are smoothed out where a group of years is utilized. It will be noted that the periods are consecutive and not over lapping, as in Table 10. Since the rates for these four periods are, on account of the greater volume of accident cases included, more reliable than the annual record they will be made the basis of com ment, as will also the situation in 1926 and 1927. Charts showing the accident trend from 1910 to 1927 for the indus try as a whole and for four selected departments are also presented. These charts indicate the trend of accident frequency and severity rates as expressed by index numbers, using the year 1910 as the base, or 100. Because of the difference in the method of determining these rates, the one in terms of a million man-hours and the other in terms of a thousand man-hours, the charting thereof would require a scale that is too extended to be practicable here. The reduction of these rates to index numbers avoids this difficulty, and the method shows very clearly the relative changes in the two rates. THE INDUSTRY The following figures show the downward trend in frequency and severity rates for the industry as a whole: Frequency rate 1910-1014___________________________________________59. 1915-1919___________________________________________41. 1920-1924___________________________________________33. 1925-1927___________________________________________24. 2 6 6 5 Severity rate 4. 3. 2. 2. 1 6 8 5 In 1926 frequency declined and severity increased; in 1927 both frequency and severity rates declined. Chart 1 indicates the trend of accident rates in the industry as a whole. It will be noticed that the downward trend, which appears both in frequency and severity, is more pronounced in frequency. This relation, which is indicated in each chart except that for foundries, is almost an invariable rule. BLAST FURNACES The blast furnaces have a deserved reputation for hazard. If an extradangerous operation like this can show such improvement as that indicated by the rates below, any department should be able to improve its record. Frequency rate 1 9 2 0 - 1 9 1 4 ____________________________________________________ 1 9 1 5 - 1 9 1 9 ____________________________________________________ 1 9 2 0 - 1 9 2 4 ____________________________________________________ 1 9 2 5 - 1 9 2 7 ____________________________________________________ 6 2 .3 39. 0 30 . 7 2 4 .4 Severity rate 7 .0 6. 1 4. 5 4 3 122 STATISTICS OF INDUSTRIAL ACCIDENTS C hart 1 In 1926 both rates rose slightly and in 1927 frequency dropped sharply while severity remained stationary. BESSEMER CONVERTERS In 1926 both frequency and severity rates rose, while in 1927 both rates went down sharply. This is rather characteristic of the Bessemer operations. They are of a nature particularly difficult to safeguard. This erratic tendency is aggravated by the fact that the exposure in this instance is rather small. The rates for the four periods are as follows: Frequency rate 1910-1914_________________________________________ 1915-1919_________________________________________ 1920-1924_________________________________________ 1925-1927_________________________________________ 89. 57. 24. 10. 8 7 9 4 Severity rate 6. 6. 2. 4. 4 9 6 9 OPEN-HEARTH FURNACES Open-hearth furnaces show a drop in frequency rates of about 30 per cent in each period, while severity rates also declined in each period except the last. In 1926 frequency declined, while severity sharply increased; in 1927 a marked decline occurred in both rates. ACCIDENT EXPERIENCE IN IRON AND STEEL INDUSTRY 123 C hart 2 Frequency rate 1 9 1 0 -1 9 1 4 .___________________________________________ 1915-1919_____________________________________________ 1920-1924_____________________________________________ 1925-1927_____________________________________________ 7 5 .0 50. 5 3 2 .9 22. 1 Severity rate 6 .6 6. 5 4 .2 4. 7 FOUNDRIES On the whole the foundries have not kept pace with the other departments of the industry as regards reduction of accidents. This is the more disappointing when it is observed that some foundry organizations have made excellent records. The rates in 1926 and in 1927 declined only slightly and during the four periods very little improvement is shown Frequency rate Severity rate 1910-1914___________ ______ __________________________ _6 3 .6 1914-1919______________________ ________________ 6 1 .0 1920-1924___________________ _________________________ _62. 7 3 .6 3 .4 2. 8 1 9 2 5 - 1 9 2 7 . .................................................................. — 3. 2 .................. ..6 0 . 1 124 STATISTICS OF INDUSTRIAL ACCIDENTS The upward trend of severity rates as compared to the sharp down ward trend of frequency rates is brought out in the following chart: Ch art 3 HEAVY ROILING MILLS The 18 years which are under consideration include the war period with its extraordinary demands upon the industry. There can be no doubt that under such industrial stress there is a strong tendency to rising accident rates. It is very probable that in this case changes which were made in these mills, in order to meet the situation created by the war, were a considerable factor in a reduced hazard. With the calling of many workers into war service it became necessary to substitute mechanical devices for the manual power which had before been used. In the development of machine design attention was given to safety of operation, with the result that in many cases the tendency to rising rates was held in check. In the following rates it will be noted that during the period covering the World War, 1915 to 1919, a marked decline occurred in the fre quency rate (29.7 per cent), with but slight advance in the severity rate. 125 ACCIDENT EXPERIENCE IN IRON AND STEEL INDUSTRY Frequency rate 1 9 1 0 - 1 9 1 4 ____________________________________________________ 1 9 1 5 - 1 9 1 9 ____________________________________________________ 1 9 2 0 - 1 9 2 4 ____________________________________________________ 1 9 2 5 - 1 9 2 7 ____________________________________________________ 46. 32. 21. 12. 1 4 2 3 Severity rate 3. 3. 2. 2. 6 9 3 5 In 1926 both rates dropped, and in 1927 a further decline occurred. Chart 4 PLATE MILLS In the plate mills in 1926 and again in 1927 a decline of both rates occurred. The plate mills have shown about as regular a lowering of the rates as has happened in any of the departments which have been covered. Frequency rate Severity rate 1 9 1 0 - 1 9 1 4 __________________________________________________ 1 9 1 5 - 1 9 1 9 __________________________________________________ 1 9 2 0 - 1 9 2 4 __________________________________________________ 1 9 2 5 - 1 9 2 7 __________________________________________________ 49. 39. 29. 17. 9 2 4 5 3. 2. 2. 2. 9 5 4 4 SHEET MILLS In 1926 both rates declined and in 1927 there was a further sharp reduction. The rates for the four periods are as follows: Frequency rate 1 9 1 0 - 1 9 1 4 ___________________________________________________51. 1 1 9 1 5 - 1 9 1 9 __________________________________________________ 3 2 . 7 1 9 2 0 - 1 9 2 4 __________________________________________________ 3 5 . 1 1 9 2 5 - 1 9 2 7 .......................................................................................- . 2 3 . 4 3 6 9 0 4 ° — 2 9 ---------9 Severity rate 2. 6 1. 5 2. 1 1.3 126 ST ATISTICS OF IN D U ST R IA L ACC ID E N T S TUBE MILLS In 1926 frequency slightly increased and severity declined some what; in 1927 the reverse was the case. These changes are not sufficient to be of great significance. An abrupt drop in the fre quency rate is noted in the 3-year period. Frequency rate Severity rate 1 9 1 0 - 1 9 1 4 __________________________________________________ _40. 5 1 9 1 5 - 1 9 1 9 __________________________________________________ _22. 4 1 9 2 0 - 1 9 2 4 __________________________________________________ 22. 7 1 9 2 5 - 1 9 2 7 __________________________________________________ 16. 2 2. 1. 1. 1. 2 8 9 7 MECHANICAL DEPARTMENT Frequency rose slightly in 1926 and declined rather sharply in 1927. Severity declined in both years. There is a reduction in frequency rate of 75.4 per cent in the period from 1925 to 1927 as compared with the first 5-year period; and a drop of 37.5 per cent in the severity rate. Frequency rate 1 9 1 0 - 1 9 1 4 __________________________________________________ 1 9 1 5 - 1 9 1 9 __________________________________________________ 1 9 2 0 - 1 9 2 5 __________________________________________________ 1 9 2 5 - 1 9 2 7 __________________________________________________ _62. _41. _23. _15. Severity rate 7 3 7 4 4. 3. 2. 2. 0 5 8 5 C hart 5 IRON AMD S T E E L TREND OF ACCIDENT RATES EXPRESSED BY INDEX NUMBERS M ECHANICAL DEPARTMENT. (1910 = IOO.) ■ FREQ UENCY EXPERIENCE______ TREND SEVERITY EXPERIENCE................ TREND 150 / /; /• rso c. \ X *.\ / \ 100 100 \ * • :\ ..\\ _. •y • A \ \ \ .*/ it V '• V SO \ \ so \V — — R f 131 1 11 93 11 95 1917 11 99 19 21 1923 192? 1927 127 ACCIDENT EXPERIENCE IN IRON AND STEEL INDUSTRY ACCIDENTS AND ACCIDENT RATES, BY YEAR AND PERIOD The foregoing gives an idea of the trend of events in the iron and steel industry to the close of 1927. Those interested in further details will find them in Table 11, which presents the experience of the industry and its departments by years and also for the four periods. T able 11 .— Accidents and accident rates in the iron and steel industry, 1907 to 1927 , by departm enty year, and period THE INDUSTRY Frequency rates (per 1,000,000 hours’ expo sure) Number of cases Year or period 1907______ 191 0 191 1 191 2 191 3 191 4 191 5 191 6 191 7 191 8 191 9 192 0 192 1 192 2 192 3 192 4 192 5 192 6 192 7 1910-1914. 1915-19191920-1924_ 1925-1927- Fullyear workers 27, 632 202.157 231, 544 300,992 319, 919 256, 299 116, 224 166, 646 410,852 474,435 377, 549 442, 685 237, 094 335, 909 434, 693 389, 438 443.158 436, 261 395, 707 1,310,911 1, 545, 706 1, 839, 818 1, 275,126 Per T em ma porary Death nent disa disa bility bility 61 327 204 348 426 219 87 159 523 543 419 327 156 236 314 312 277 322 245 1, 524 1, 731 1, 345 844 106 848 931 1,241 1,200 860 372 728 1, 268 1,253 848 1,084 527 878 1,188 1,133 1,091 , 1, 033 5,080 4, 469 4,810 3, 326 1 202 Total 6, 697 6, 530 44,108 45, 283 34, 676 35, 811 54, 575 56,164 55, 556 57,182 37,390 38,469 13.481 13,940 20,655 21, 542 57, 094 58,885 54,293 56,089 41, 009 42,276 49.482 50,893 21, 279 21, 962 32,120 33, 234 41, 766 43, 268 34,481 35, 920 36,404 37, 772 31, 420 32,944 22, 060 23, 338 226, 305 232,954 186, 532 192, 732 179,128 185, 277 89, 884 94, 054 Per ma Death nent disa bility 0.7 .5 .3 .4 .4 .3 .2 .3 .4 .4 .4 .2 .2 .2 .2 .3 .2 .2 .2 .4 .4 .2 .2 Severity rates (per 1,000 hours’ exposure) Per Tem ma po Death nent rary To tal disa disa bility bility Tem po rary disa bility To tal 1.3 1.4 1.3 1.4 1.3 1.1 1.1 1.4 1.0 .9 1.0 .8 .7 .9 .9 1.0 .8 .9 .9 1.3 1.0 .9 78.8 72.7 49.9 60.4 57.9 48.6 38.7 41.3 46.3 38.1 40.2 37.3 29.9 31.9 32.1 29.5 27.3 24.2 18.6 57.5 40.2 32.5 23.4 80.8 74.7 51.5 62.2 59.6 50.0 40.0 43.0 47.7 39.4 41.6 38.3 30.8 33.0 33.2 30.8 28.3 25.3 19.7 59.2 41.6 33.6 24.5 4.4 3.2 1.8 2.3 2.7 1.7 1.5 1.9 2.5 2.3 2.2 1.5 1.3 1.4 1.4 1.6 1.2 1.7 1.2 2.3 2.2 1.5 1.3 2.3 1.2 .8 1.1 .8 1.0 .7 1.3 .9 .6 .7 .5 .5 .7 .8 .9 .7 .8 .8 1.0 .8 .7 .8 97.1 101.3 85.5 87.9 51.3 52.9 58.8 60.8 58.1 59.8 49.4 51.0 30.5 31.8 39.4 41.2 40.9 42.5 35.0 36.4 38.0 39.7 30.2 31.1 25.0 26.0 29.4 30.8 30.3 31.7 29.7 31.3 23.1 24.3 24.2 25.5 21.4 22.8 60.4 62.3 37.4 39.0 29.4 30.7 23.1 24.4 11.5 6.9 4.8 5.4 5.3 3.5 3.5 3.1 4.4 4.9 5.7 2.7 3.0 4.2 3.6 4.0 3.1 3.2 3.4 5.2 4.7 3.4 3.2 1.1 7.2 5.2 3.5 4.2 4.3 3.2 2.7 3.5 4.0 3.6 3.6 2.7 2.5 2.7 2.7 3.0 2.5 2.9 2.3 4.1 3.6 2.8 2.5 Blast furnaces 1908________ 1910________ 1911________ 1912________ 1913________ 1914________ 1915________ 1916-_______ 1917_............. 1918________ 1919________ 1920________ 1921________ 1922________ 1923________ 1924________ 1925________ 1926________ 1927________ 1910-1914. 1915-1919___ 1920-1924___ 1925-1927___ 1, 566 19, 389 21,479 27,154 31,988 26, 572 10,721 14,905 36, 202 41,449 32,889 35,470 15,486 17,933 29, 698 25,268 25,819 25,893 22,870 126, 582 136,166 123,854 74,582 9 68 52 73 86 45 19 23 79 102 94 47 23 38 53 50 40 42 39 324 317 211 121 11 68 54 87 80 77 23 57 93 72 67 58 24 35 68 66 51 63 58 366 312 251 172 456 4, 971 3, 303 4, 790 4, 749 3,935 981 1, 763 4, 430 4, 358 3, 745 3, 214 1,160 1, 586 2, 702 2,248 1, 789 1, 881 1,489 22, 578 15, 287 10,910 5,159 476 5,107 3,409 4, 950 4,945 4, 057 1,023 1,843 4,612 4,532 3,906 3,319 1,207 1, 659 2, 823 2, 364 1, 880 1,986 1, 586 23, 268 15,916 11, 372 5,452 1.9 1.2 .8 .9 .9 .6 .6 .5 .7 .8 1.0 .4 .5 .7 .6 .7 .5 .5 .6 .9 .8 .6 .5 2.7 1.7 .9 1.0 1.0 1.0 .6 .9 .9 .8 1.0 .9 .5 .4 .1 1.1 .9 .8 .7 1.0 .9 .7 .8 1.8 16.0 1.0 9.6 .8 6.5 .8 7.2 .9 7.2 .7 5.2 .4 4.5 .6 4.6 .5 5.8 .5 6.2 .5 7.2 .4 4.0 .4 3.9 .5 5.1 .5 4.2 .5 5.6 .4 4.4 .5 4. 5 .4 4.5 .8 7.0 .5 6.1 .5 4.5 .3 4.3 128 T a b le STATISTICS OF INDUSTRIAL ACCIDENTS 11,— Accidents and accident rates in the iron and steel industry, 1907 to 1927, by department, year, and period— Continued Bessemer converters Frequency rates (per 1,000,000 hours’ exposure) Number of cases Year or period 1 9 0 7 .-.......... 1910________ 1911________ 1912________ 1913________ 1914________ 1915________ 1916________ 1917________ 1918________ 1919________ 1920________ 1921________ 1922________ 1923________ 1924________ 1925________ 1926________ 1927________ 1910-1914.— 1915-1919.__ 1920-1924-— 1925-1927-__ Fullyear workers 967 5,070 5,155 6, 521 6, 885 4, 470 3,160 4,070 5,979 5,881 6, 555 6,907 3,440 4, 778 6,080 4, 943 4,834 4, 526 4, 344 28,101 25, 645 26,147 13, 704 Per Tem ma porary Death nent disa disa bility bility 1 20 6 9 16 6 2 13 20 13 14 5 4 2 6 7 9 6 4 57 62 24 19 5 18 24 37 42 25 21 34 21 18 18 9 6 8 20 10 10 19 7 146 112 53 36 383 1,943 1,237 1,892 1, 610 685 494 848 1,194 877 849 750 252 233 367 274 115 178 78 7,367 4, 262 1, 876 371 Total 389 1,981 1,267 1,938 1,668 716 517 894 1, 235 908 881 764 262 243 393 291 134 203 89 7, 570 4,436 1, 953 426 Per ma Death nent disa bility 0.3 1.3 .4 .5 .8 .4 .2 1.1 1.1 .7 .7 .2 .4 .1 .3 .5 .6 .4 .3 .7 .8 .3 .5 Tem po rary disa bility Total 1.7 132.0 134.0 1.2 127.7 130.2 1.6 79.9 81.9 1.9 96.7 99.1 2.0 77.9 80.7 53.3 1.8 51.1 2.2 52.1 54.5 2.8 69.5 73.4 1.2 66.6 68.9 51.4 1.0 49.7 .9 43.2 44.8 36.2 36.8 .4 .6 24. 4 25.4 17.8 .6 16.3 1.1 20.1 21.5 .7 IS. 5 19.7 .7 7.9 9.2 1.3 13.1 14.8 6.8 .5 6.0 1.7 87.4 89.8 1.5 55.4 57.7 .7 23.9 24.9 .9 9.0 10.4 Severity rates (per 1,000 hours’ exposure) Per ma Death nent disa bility Tem po T o rary tal disa bility 2.1 7.9 2.3 2.8 4.6 2.2 1.3 6.4 6.7 4.4 4.3 1.4 2.3 .8 2.0 2.8 3.7 2.7 1.8 4.0 4.8 1.8 2.8 0.9 .9 1.1 1.0 1.2 1.2 1.4 2.1 1.3 1.0 .5 .3 .4 .5 .5 .6 .7 4.7 .3 1.1 1.1 .4 1.8 2.4 5.4 1.6 10.4 1.1 4.5 1.5 5.3 1.2 7.0 .9 4.3 .8 3.5 1.2 9.7 1.2 9.2 .8 6.2 .9 5.7 .6 2.3 .4 3.1 .3 1.6 .5 3.0 .3 3.7 .2 4.6 .3 7.7 .2 2.3 1.3 6.4 1.0 6.9 .4 2.6 .3 4.9 1.6 101.3 104.5 1.8 103. 6 106.4 1.4 58.8 60.8 1.9 77.6 80.4 1.5 70.7 72.8 1.1 64.3 65.8 1.1 46.5 48.0 1.3 50.3 52.0 1.3 49.5 51.5 1.3 50.3 52.5 1.0 45.6 47.4 .8 37.0 38.3 .6 28.2 29.0 .8 32.6 33.8 1.0 28.6 30.2 1.0 28.9 30.4 1.1 25. 8 27. 3 1.0 20.0 21.8 1.0 15.8 17.2 1. 5 72. 8 75. 0 1.2 48.6 50. o .9 31.5 32.9 1.0 20.6 22.1 9.3 6.0 3.4 5.3 3.4 2.2 2.7 2.5 4.4 5.4 4.7 3.0 1.4 2.2 3.4 3.0 2.2 4.6 2.5 4.0 4.4 2.7 3.1 4.0 2.4 1.1 1.9 1.4 1.5 .9 .8 1.2 1.4 1.3 .8 .4 .9 1.1 .9 1.0 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.2 .9 1.2 1.1 14.4 1.4 9.8 .9 5.4 1.0 8.2 1.0 5.8 .8 4.5 .6 4.2 .9 4.2 6.4 .8 7.9 1.1 .8 6.8 .5 4.3 .5 2.3 .5 3.6 .7 5.2 .5 4.4 .5 3.7 .5 6.3 .4 4.3 1.0 6.6 .9 6.5 .6 4.2 .4 4.7 1.1 1.5 1.4 1.9 1.6 1.2 .5 l! 6 1.1 1.1 2.1 .8 2.7 2.1 1.7 1.6 0.3 1.0 1.0 1.5 1.2 1.0 .2 .6 1.0 1.0 1.0 .6 .6 .8 .8 .7 .4 .7 .9 .7 Open-hearth furnaces 1907________ 1910________ 1911________ 1912________ 1913________ 1914________ 1915________ 1916________ 1917________ 1918________ 1919________ 1920________ 1921________ 1922________ 1923________ 1924________ 1925________ 1926________ 1927__ 1910-1914___ 1915-1919___ 1920-1924___ 1925-1927- 2, 987 9, 739 10, 718 17,355 20, 604 12, 877 5, 969 9, 654 21,457 26,410 22,685 28,823 12, 783 19, 805 24,917 21, 493 22,837 22, 727 19,143 71, 293 86,175 107, 820 64, 707 14 29 18 47 35 14 8 12 47 71 53 43 9 22 42 32 25 51 24 143 191 148 100 14 53 45 99 95 41 20 37 86 103 71 70 21 46 74 67 73 67 60 333 317 278 200 908 3, 028 1, 890 4,039 4, 368 2,484 832 1,458 3,187 3, 983 3,103 3,164 1,082 1,936 2,145 1,864 1, 769 1, 322 908 15, 809 12, 563 10,191 3, 999 936 3,110 1,953 4,185 4,498 2,539 860 1, 507 3, 320 4,157 3. 227 3, 277 1,112 2,004 2, 261 1,963 1, 867 1, 440 992 16,285 13, 071 10, 617 4,299 1.6 1.0 .6 .9 .6 .4 .4 .4 .7 .9 .8 .5 .2 .4 .6 .5 .4 .8 .4 .7 .7 .5 .5 Foundries 1907________ 1910________ 1911________ 1912________ 1913________ 1914________ 1915 1916..... .......... 1917_............. 1918............... 939 16, 885 13,499 23, 294 24,605 17, 634 1, 309 1, 231 31,805 32,181 1 7 18 23 22 14 1 45 23 3 78 57 135 118 61 2 6 101 106 179 2, 615 1,970 4,512 5, 236 3,432 118 145 6,810 5, 482 183 2, 700 2,045 4,670 5, 376 3,507 120 152 6,956 5, 611 0.4 .1 .4 .3 .3 .3 .3 .5 .2 63.5 51.6 48.6 64.6 70.9 64.9 30.0 39.3 71.4 56.8 65.0 53.2 50.4 66.8 72.8 66.4 30. 5 4.1.2 73.0 58.1 1.6 2.8 1.5 3A 2A 4.2 4A 3.1 3.5 A 2.{ 4 .; 3.5 129 ACCIDENT EXPERIENCE IN IRON AND STEEL INDUSTRY T a b le 11.— Accidents and accident rates in the iron and steel industry, 1907 to 1927, by department, year, and period— Continued Foundries— Continued Frequency rates (per 1,000,000 hours’ expo sure) Number of cases Year or period 191 9 192 0 192 1 192 2 192 3 192 4 192 5 192 6 192 7 1910-1914. 1915-1919. 1920-1924. 1925-1927. Fullyear workers Per Tem ma porary Death nent disa disa bility bility Total 62 97 34 59 126 143 128 178 106 449 277 459 412 4,125 6, 798 2,799 4,205 7, 323 6, 984 7, 032 7,580 4, 893 18, 298 16,965 28,109 19, 505 24,220 35, 300 15, 338 22, 770 38, 660 37, 325 35, 570 41, 501 31,136 95, 917 92, 746 149, 441 108, 207 4,048 6,688 2,756 4,134 7,171 6, 820 6, 877 i 7, 376 1 4, 769 ; 17, 765 | 16, 604 i 27, 569 I 19, 022 Per ma Death nent disa bility 0.2 .1 .2 .2 .2 .2 .3 .2 .2 .3 .3 .2 .2 Tem po T o rary tal disa bility Severity rates (per 1,000 hours’ exposure) Per ma Death nent disa bility Tem po rary disa bility 56.8 64.2 60.6 61.6 63.2 62.4 65.9 60.6 52.8 63.6 61.0 62.7 60.1 1.2 .7 1.2 1.1 1.4 1.1 1.5 1.3 1.2 1.8 1.8 1.1 1.3 0.8 .9 1.2 1.3 1.2 1.4 1.1 1.6 1.0 1.0 1.3 55.7 63.2 59.7 60.5 61.8 60.9 64.5 59.0 51.5 61.7 59.7 61.5 58.6 0.7 1.2 1.5 1.0 .5 .4 .9 .9 1.4 .6 1.0 1.1 1.1 1.1 .8 1.0 59.5 85.8 86.5 43.9 49.9 44.8 39.8 34.6 36.4 23.2 24.2 16.0 30.0 65.6 35.3 23.1 60.3 87.4 88.4 45.2 50.5 45.3 40.7 36.1 37.8 24.0 25.4 17.2 31.1 67.0 36.3 24.2 0.6 2.6 2.1 2.1 .4 .5 3.7 1. 7 1. 1 .6 0.6 .5 1.0 .7 .5 .2 1.0 .8 .7 .2 .9 .4 1.3 .7 .6 .8 0.7 1.1 1.0 .7 .7 .5 .6 .5 .6 .5 .4 .3 .4 .7 .5 .4 64.0 76.5 43.9 49.1 36.2 25.0 27.8 31.7 29.0 32.0 32.4 26.3 16.5 17.2 17.7 20.0 15.0 9.5 9.0 44.4 30.8 20.2 11.2 64.3 79.2 45.4 50.3 37.6 26.8 29.4 33.4 30.9 33.5 33.8 27.0 17.1 18.7 18.6 21.5 16.3 10.6 10.0 46.2 32.4 21.2 12.3 3.5 4.0 1.4 2.3 1.7 1.5 2.8 1.4 2.9 2.4 2.3 1.2 .6 1.2 1.0 2.7 1.6 1.0 1.4 2.1 2.4 1.3 1.3 0.3 1.5 .9 .9 .6 1.0 1.0 1.3 1.0 .9 1.1 .4 .3 .9 .8 .8 1.1 .8 .7 .9 1.0 .6 .9 1.0 1.0 .7 .7 .6 .4 .3 .5 .5 .5 .5 .4 .3 .4 .3 .4 .3 .2 .3 .6 .5 .4 .3 0.9 Bar mills 191 5 191 6 191 7 191 8 191 9 192 0 192 1 192 2 192 3 192 4 192 5 192 6 192 7 1915-1919 1920-1924 1925-1927 3, 232 3,042 7, 472 5, 734 4,601 3, 880 1, 912 3, 780 4,003 4, 093 4, 471 3, .042 2,387 24, 081 17, 666 9, 900 7 11 34 18 7 5 5 10 17 7 13 10 8 77 44 31 577 783 1,940 756 689 525 228 392 443 285 324 146 215 4, 745 1, 869 685 585 798 1, 982 780 697 531 233 409 460 294 339 157 223 4, 842 1,923 719 0.1 .4 .4 .3 1 1 . . .6 .2 .2 .1 .3 .2 .1 1.0 .9 .7 Heavy-rolling mills 1907________ 1910________ 1911________ 1912________ 1913________ 1 1914________ ! 1915________ 1916________ 1 1917________ j 1918________ ; 1919________ 1920________ 1921________ 1922________ 1923________ 1924________ 1925________ 1926________ 1927________ 1910-1914.__ 1915-1919.__ 1920-1924-__ 1925-1927.__ 4, 556 9, 442 12,409 16, 258 17. 569 11, 985 7,148 10,076 20, 530 19, 807 17, 605 20, 787 9,000 14, 574 16. 602 13,162 16, 553 14, 553 18,171 67, 663 75,166 74,944 49, 277 8 19 9 20 16 10 10 7 30 24 20 12 3 9 8 18 13 7 13 74 91 50 33 10 57 48 41 60 55 24 44 87 67 53 34 15 56 36 39 50 38 41 261 275 180 129 874 2,167 1, 636 2, 395 1, 910 899 596 959 1,784 1, 900 1, 711 1, 638 485 752 882 789 747 417 494 9, 007 6, 950 4, 5^6 1, 608 892 2, 243 1, 693 2, 456 1,986 964 630 1,010 1, 901 1,991 1,784 1,684 503 817 926 846 810 462 548 9, 342 7,316 4, 776 1, 820 0.6 .7 .2 .4 .3 .3 .5 .2 .5 .4 .4 .2 .1 .2 .2 .5 .3 .2 .2 .4 .4 .2 '2 0.7 2.0 1.3 .8 1.1 1. 5 1.1 1.5 1.4 1.1 1.0 .5 .5 1.3 .7 1.0 1.0 .9 .8 1.3 1.2 .8 .9 1.9 4.2 4.0 3.5 1.6 1.2 1.6 5.0 1.3 1.7 2.2 1.4 1.7 3.1 2.2 1.8 130 T able STATISTICS OF INDUSTRIAL ACCIDENTS 11 .— Accidents and accident rates in the iron and steel industry, 1907 to 1927 , by department, year , and period— Continued Plate mills Frequency rates (per 1,000,000 hours' exposure) Number of cases Year or period 1907________ 1910________ 1911________ 1912________ 1913________ 1914________ 1915________ 1916________ 1917________ 1918________ 1919________ 1920________ 1921________ 1922________ 1923________ 1924________ 1925________ 1926________ 1927________ 1910-1914,__ 1915-1919.__ 1920-1924.__ 1925-1927.__ Fullyear workers 1,915 3,287 4,390 5,128 5,430 3, 476 42,086 4,681 6, 764 9, 650 11, 892 11, 928 4, 580 6,198 8, 731 6, 454 5, 734 7, 306 8, 550 27, 711 35,073 37,891 21, 590 Per Tem ma porary Death nent disa disa bility bility 4 7 5 2 3 2 1 3 4 8 9 9 3 2 5 3 6 4 5 19 25 22 15 12 27 15 25 25 13 9 15 22 19 24 23 7 26 24 18 15 25 19 105 89 98 59 637 602 590 893 725 319 121 436 766 1,446 1,247 1,147 318 581 662 506 370 396 295 3,129 4,016 3, 214 1,061 Total 653 636 610 920 753 334 131 454 792 1,473 1,280 1,179 328 609 691 527 391 425 319 3, 253 4,130 3, 334 1,135 Per ma Death nent disa bility 0.7 .7 .4 .1 .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 .3 .3 .3 .2 .1 .2 .2 .4 .2 .2 .3 .2 .2 .2 Tem po rary disa bility Total Severity rates (per 1,000 hours’ exposure) Per ma Death nent disa bility Tem po T o rary tal disa bility 2.1 110.9 113.7 2.7 61.1 64.5 1.1 44.8 46.3 1.6 58.0 59.7 1.5 44.5 46.2 1.2 30.6 32.0 1.4 19.3 20.9 1.1 31.0 32.3 1.1 37.7 39.0 .7 49.9 50.9 35.0 36.0 .7 32.1 33.0 .6 23.1 23.8 .5 1.4 31.2 32.7 25.3 26.4 .9 27.1 .9 26.1 21.5 22.8 .9 19.4 18.1 1.1 12.4 11.5 .7 1.6 48.0 49.9 38.2 39.2 .8 28.3 29.4 .9 16.4 17.5 .9 4.2 4.3 2.3 .8 1.1 1.1 1.0 1.3 1.2 1.7 1.5 1.5 1.3 .6 1.1 .9 2.1 1.1 1.2 1.8 1.4 1.2 1.4 3.7 1.6 1.0 2.0 1.2 1.0 .6 .7 .9 .6 .5 .6 .3 .9 1.2 .6 1.2 1.0 .5 1.4 .6 .8 .7 1.2 .7 .6 .8 .6 .5 .3 .5 .5 .7 .5 .4 .4 .5 .4 .5 .4 .4 .2 .7 .5 .4 .3 9.1 6.6 3.9 3.6 2.9 2.6 1.9 2.5 2.6 3.0 2.5 2.5 2.0 2.0 2.7 2.6 3.7 2.5 1.9 3.9 2.5 2.4 2.4 0.5 2.2 0.6 .4 .1 .8 1.1 1.2 2.8 1.5 .6 .7 1.0 46.2 45.5 28.8 40.3 57.6 63.9 49.9 42.5 38.8 42.6 60.3 43.8 .4 .8 1.5 0.6 .6 .4 .6 1.0 1.2 .9 .8 .9 .6 1.1 .9 1.7 3.2 .5 2.4 2.1 2.4 3. 7 3.5 .9 1.9 1.9 2.4 1.6 2.1 1.5 1.1 1.4 .8 1.0 .6 1.1 .8 .8 1.0 .1 1.5 .9 .7 37.0 38.6 34.6 36.7 47.1 49.1 35.9 37.5 24.9 26.6 30.7 31.6 20.0 21.0 24.7 25.4 20.2 21.4 15.0 15.9 16.7 17.7 15.5 16.8 11.6 11.8 37.7 39.5 22.7 1 23.7 14.7 15.6 0.7 1.9 1.4 1.0 1.4 .5 .7 .5 1.3 .7 1.0 .7 .1 1.3 .8 .6 0.5 .5 .5 .6 .5 .4 .3 .5 .3 .4 .3 .4 .3 .5 .4 .3 1.2 2.4 4.7 4.7 3.5 1.4 1.0 1.8 2.2 1.8 2.7 2.7 1.2 3.6 1.7 2.2 Puddling mills 1917________ 1918________ 1919 . . . 1920________ 1923 1924 . . . 1925 1926________ 1927 . . 1917-1919.__ 1920-1924 1925-1927. 4,129 2,712 1, 619 2,007 1,620 814 1,108 1,591 1,040 8,460 4,406 3, 739 1 3 1 1 4 1 10 4 1 10 3 4 6 5 15 9 11 572 370 140 243 280 156 166 204 121 1,082 797 491 583 377 141 254 283 160 172 210 121 1,101 806 503 0.1 .4 .2 .2 .2 .1 0.8 .5 .2 1.7 .6 1.6 1.8 1.0 47.1 46.4 29.0 42.2 58.2 65.5 51.7 43.7 38.8 43.4 61.0 44.9 1.0 1.2 .9 .5 Rod mills 191 5 191 6 191 7 191 8 191 9 192 0 192 1 192 2 192 3 192 4 192 5 . 192 6 192 7 1915-1919. 1920-1924. 1925-1927. 2,062 2,493 4,951 3, 249 2,463 3,729 2,099 2,645 3, 224 2, 828 2,907 2, 569 2,433 15, 218 14, 425 7,909 7 5 2 1 1 1 1 2 2 1 14 4 5 10 16 23 11 10 9 6 5 10 7 7 8 1 70 37 16 229 259 699 350 184 344 126 196 189 127 146 119 84 1, 721 982 349 239 275 729 366 196 354 132 202 200 135 155 129 86 1,805 1,023 370 0.5 .5 .3 .1 .1 .1 .1 .2 .3 .1 .3 .1 .2 2.8 3.1 1.6 .5 .8 .6 .7 1.4 1.6 .8 1.8 .6 1.3 ACCIDENT EXPERIENCE IN IRON AND STEEL INDUSTRY T able 131 11.— Accidents and accident rates in the iron and steel industry, 1907 to 1927 , by department, year, and period— Continued Sheet mills Frequency rates (per 1,000,000 hours’ exposure) Number of cases Year or period 1907________ 1910..... ......... 1911________ 1912________ 1913________ 1914________ 1915________ 1916________ 1917________ 1918________ 1919________ 1920________ 1921________ 1922________ 1923.............. 1924________ 1925________ 1926-............. 1927________ 1910-1914-__ 1915-1919-__ 1920-1924-__ 1925-1927-__ Fullyear workers Per T em ma porary Death nent disa disa bility bility 2,211 18,501 29,710 32, 087 25,938 22,187 16,266 24, 722 26, 855 17, 278 19, 214 24, 279 15,845 24,391 29,814 28,247 32,043 31, 713 34,896 128, 423 104,335 121, 552 98,652 2 28 9 19 21 11 7 13 11 3 3 14 5 10 14 7 10 6 4 88 37 50 20 8 52 71 67 67 51 23 62 38 17 32 59 38 66 61 54 56 55 47 308 172 278 158 274 3,310 3,625 5,497 3, 717 3,113 1,901 2,655 2,687 937 1,854 2,979 1, 702 2,951 2,390 2,457 3,096 2,100 1, 537 19,262 10,034 12,479 6,733 Total 284 3,390 3,705 5, 583 3,805 3,175 1,931 2,730 2,736 957 1,889 3,052 1,745 3,027 2,465 2,518 3,162 2,161 1,588 19, 657 10,243 12, 807 6,911 Per ma Death nent disa bility 0.3 .5 .1 .2 .3 .2 .1 .2 .1 .1 .1 .2 .1 .1 .2 .1 .1 .1 0) .2 .1 .1 .1 Tem po Torary tal disa bility Severity rates (per 1,000 hours’ exposure) Per ma Death nent disa bility Tem po rary T o disa tal bility 1.2 .9 .8 .7 .9 .8 .5 .8 .5 .3 .6 .8 .8 .9 .7 .6 .6 .6 .4 .9 .5 .8 .5 43.3 59.6 40.7 57.1 47.8 46.8 39.0 35.8 33.4 18.1 32.0 40.1 35.8 40.3 27.6 29.0 32.2 22.1 14.6 50.0 32.1 24.2 22.8 44.8 61.0 41.6 58.0 49.0 *47.8 39.6 36.8 34.0 18.5 32.7 41.0 36.7 41.3 28.5 29.7 32.9 22.8 15.0 51.1 32.7 35.1 23.4 1.8 2.9 .7 1.2 1.6 .9 .9 .6 .8 .3 .3 1.2 .6 .8 1.0 .5 .6 .4 .2 1.4 .7 .8 .4 1.9 .8 .7 .7 .5 .5 .3 .5 .6 .5 .4 .7 .5 .8 .7 .7 .5 .5 .4 .6 .4 .7 .5 0.4 .6 .4 .7 .6 .6 .5 .5 .5 .2 .4 .8 .5 .9 .5 .5 .6 .3 .2 .6 .4 .6 .4 4.1 4.3 1.8 2.6 2.7 2.0 1.7 1.6 1.9 1.0 1.1 2.3 1.6 2.5 2.2 1.7 1.7 1.2 .8 2.6 1.5 2.1 1.3 0.7 .9 1.3 1.2 1.3 .9 1.0 .8 .9 .7 .7 1.0 .8 .7 .7 1.0 .8 1.0 .8 1.1 .8 .9 .9 95.5 54.9 50.7 42.0 28.0 28.6 8.5 12.5 33.1 20.3 20.4 31.9 19.1 22.7 17.4 17.2 14.9 15.9 14.6 39.2 21.4 21.7 15.2 96.4 55.9 52.0 43.7 29.6 29.7 9.6 13.4 34.3 21.1 21.3 33.1 20.0 23.5 18.2 18.4 15.8 17.0 15.6 40.5 22.4 22.7 16.2 1.0 .6 .2 1.3 1.6 1.0 .6 .4 1.7 .9 1.0 1.1 .5 .6 .6 1.2 .8 .6 1.0 1.0 1.0 .9 .8 0.6 .4 .8 .8 .7 .6 .6 .3 .5 .4 .6 .5 .5 .6 .6 .6 .6 .7 .4 .7 .5 .6 .6 1.5 .7 .5 .5 .4 .4 .2 .3 .4 .3 .3 .5 .4 .4 .3 .3 .3 .2 .2 .5 .3 .4 .3 3.1 1.7 1.5 2.6 2.7 2.0 1.4 1.0 2.6 1.6 1.9 2.1 1.4 1.6 1.5 2.1 1.7 1.5 1.6 2.2 1.8 1.9 1.7 1.1 112.3 113.7 1.2 53.2 54.7 1.1 67.8 69.1 1.2 72.0 73.5 1.1 51.6 52.9 1.1 36.2 37.5 1.0 38.0 39.2 .7 50.8 51.6 .7 36.0 36.9 2.1 1.5 1.5 2.0 1.0 .9 1.2 .7 1.2 1.6 1.1 1.0 1.1 .8 .5 .6 .7 .5 1.3 .7 .9 1.0 .7 .4 .7 .7 .5 Tube mills 1907________ 1910________ 1911________ 1912________ 1913________ 1914________ 1915________ 1916________ 1917________ 1918________ 1919________ 1920________ 1921________ 1922________ 1923________ 1924________ 1925________ 1926________ 1927________ 1910-1914-_ . 1915-1919___ 1920-1924___ 1925-1927___ 2; 007 9,767 13,676 17,080 18,909 13,906 7,109 11,355 19,819 18,499 18,326 22,666 14,622 19, 535 24, 766 22,655 25,511 32,089 26,794 73,338 75,108 104,577 84,394 1 3 1 10 15 7 2 2 17 8 9 13 4 6 8 14 10 9 13 36 38 45 32 4 25 53 60 72 39 21 26 51 41 39 71 35 40 54 68 64 95 61 249 178 268 220 575 1,608 2,080 2,154 1,586 1,195 182 425 1,967 1,127 1,127 2,166 840 1,332 1,292 1,185 1,142 1, 524 1,175 8,623 4,825 6,815 3,841 580 1,636 2,134 2,224 1, 673 1,241 205 453 2,035 1,176 1,172 2,250 879 1, 378 1,354 1, 267 1,216 1,628 1,249 8,908 5,041 7,128 4,093 0.2 .1 0) .5 .3 .2 .1 .1 .3 .1 .2 .2 .1 .1 .1 .2 .1 .1 .2 .2 .2 .1 .1 Unclassified rolling mills 1910-............. 1911-............. 1912__........... 1913.............. 1914________ 1915________ 1916________ 1917________ 1918.............. 14,434 21,231 22,909 23,382 22,873 4,367 8,082 27,978 37,163 15 16 16 24 11 2 5 10 22 49 76 76 84 75 14 25 60 74 i Less than one-tenth of 1 per cent. 4,861 3, 388 4.660 5,051 3, 541 475 922 4,265 4,015 4,925 3,480 4,752 5,159 3, 627 491 952 4,335 4 111 L 0.3 .3 .2 .3 .2 .2 .2 .1 .2 132 T able STATISTICS OF INDUSTRIAL ACCIDENTS 11. — Accidents and accident rates in the iron and steel industry, 1907 to 1927, by department, year, and period— Continued Unclassified rolling mills— Continued Frequency rates (per expo1,000,000 hours’ < sure) Number of cases Year or period Fullyear workers 1919________ 1920________ 1921________ 1922________ 1923________ 1924________ 1925________ 1926________ 1927............... 1910-1914.__ 1915-1919._ . 1920-1924.__ 1925-1927_— 25,106 21,055 12,068 19. 382 26, 357 21, 664 26, 353 25, 268 21,126 104, 829 102, 696 109, 555 72, 747 Per Tem ma porary Death nent disa disa bility bility 14 16 4 10 11 11 9 5* 14 82 53 55 28 45 68 36 59 92 77 59 66 105 360 218 345 230 Total 2,967 2, 785 1, 479 2, 416 2,830 2,193 1,836 1, 630 1,246 21, 501 12,644 12, 631 4,712 3,026 2, 869 1, 519 2, 485 2,933 2, 277 1,904 1, 701 1,365 21,943 12,915 13,027 4,970 Per ma Death nent disa bility 0.2 .3 .1 .2 .1 .2 .1 .1 .2 .3 .2 .2 .1 Severity rates (per 1,000 hours’ exposure) Per Tem ma po To Death nent rary tal disa disa bility bility Tem po rary disa bility Total 39.4 44.1 40.9 41.5 35.8 33. 5 23.2 23.5 19.7 71.8 41.0 39.4 21.6 40.2 45.4 42.0 42.7 37.1 34.9 24.1 24.5 21.6 73.3 41.9 39.6 22.8 1.1 1.5 .7 1.0 .8 1.0 .7 .4 1.3 1.7 1.0 1.0 .8 0.4 .9 .9 .9 1.3 1.3 .5 .7 1.3 1.1 .5 1.1 .8 0.6 .5 .7 .7 .6 .6 .4 .4 .4 .9 .6 .6 .4 1.9 91.5 94.4 1.3 149.2 150.9 1.6 55.4 57.1 1.4 79.2 81.0 1.1 80.6 82.1 1.2 65.6 67.0 1.3 41.1 42.7 49.3 1.7 47.1 .9 59.2 60.4 .3 58.0 58.6 .5 47.3 47.9 54.2 1.3 52.7 1.2 50.9 52.2 .8 69.6 70.7 .8 59.4 60.3 1.0 28.3 29.4 .7 18.2 19.0 1.4 16.4 18.0 .6 6.4 7.1 1.3 78.3 79.9 .7 54.3 55.2 1.0 51.5 52.7 .9 13.8 14.8 5.8 2.5 .7 2.1 2.2 1.2 1.6 2.8 1.8 1.5 .7 1.6 .8 1.7 .8 .5 .4 .9 .5 1.7 1.5 1.0 .6 2.9 1.0 1.0 .9 .8 1.0 .6 .7 .6 .5 .3 1.1 .7 .8 .7 .8 .9 1.0 .4 .9 .5 .8 .8 0.8 1.9 .6 .8 .8 .7 .7 .9 .7 .6 .5 .6 .6 .8 .7 .5 .4 .4 .2 .8 .6 .6 .3 1.5 1.2 1.8 1.2 2.6 1.4 .9 1.1 1.6 1.1 .3 .8 1.0 1.7 .9 1. 5 .9 .4 1.1 .6 1.1 1.2 .8 1.3 .7 .6 .7 .7 .9 .7 1.2 .8 .7 .5 .7 .9 .9 .7 4.4 3.0 2.7 1. 5 3.9 5.2 2.6 2.7 3.3 1.1 2.8 3.9 3.4 3.0 2.6 1.0 .6 .6 .9 .4 2.6 2.0 2.5 1.1 1.3 0.7 .6 .7 .7 ,5 4.3 3.2 3.8 2.7 2,2 0.6 1.1 1.0 1.0 1.2 1.2 .8 .9 1.7 1.2 .7 1.0 1.1 2.1 2.9 2.3 2.6 2.7 2.9 1.6 1.5 3.0 3.7 2.1 2.7 2.0 Fabricating shops 1907________ 1910________ 1911________ 1912________ 1913________ 1914________ 1915________ 1916________ 1917________ 1918 _______ 1919________ 1920._ 1921________ 1922________ 1923________ 1924. ............. 1925________ 1926________ 1927________ 1910-1924... 1915-1919___ 1920-1924___ 1925-1927___ 2,081 8, 713 19,530 28,988 30,470 20,837 3,818 4,980 23, 614 29,166 19.407 17; 216 12,908 16,184 22, 547 10, 626 15, 718 15,467 14. 523 108, 538 80.985 89,880 45, 708 6 11 8 32 34 13 3 7 21 22 6 14 5 14 9 5 4 7 4 98 59 47 14 12 33 92 119 104 77 15 25 67 29 27 68 45 41 52 63 35 64 25 425 163 269 124 571 3,901 3,244 6,890 7,368 4,103 471 703 4,192 5, 077 2,752 2,721 1,971 3,381 4,019 1, 787 857 756 283 25,506 13,195 13,879 1,896 589 3,945 3, 344 7,041 7,506 4,193 489 735 4, 280 5,128 2,785 2,803 2,021 3,436 4,080 1,855 895 827 312 26, 029 13, 417 14,195 2, 034 1.0 .4 .1 .4 .4 .2 .3 .5 .3 .3 .1 .2 .1 .3 1 .1 1 .2 .1 .3 .2 .2 1 . . . 1 9.5 5.4 2.3 3.8 3.8 2.9 2.9 4.4 3.1 2.6 1.5 3.3 2.1 3.3 2.2 1.8 1.7 2.3 1.1 3.4 2.6 2.4 1.7 Forge shops 1917________ 1918________ 1919________ ____ 1920 1921________ 1922________ 1923__ 1924.. ___ 1925________ 1926 _______ 1927_............. 1910-1914___ 1915-1919___ 1929-1924___ 1925-1927.__ 3, 881 6,408 2,169 2,197 902 1,514 2,049 2,272 3,794 1, 790 1,645 6,249 12, 667 8,901 7,229 3 4 2 1 2 1 3 1 8 9 4 4 15 26 4 5 3 8 9 9 11 7 10 19 45 34 28 917 1,009 257 380 107 233 309 567 893 263 108 1,080 2,189 1, 596 1, 264 935 1,039 263 385 111 243 319 576 907 270 119 1,107 2,243 1,634 1,296 .3 .2 .3 .4 .4 .2 .3 .2 .4 .2 .1 .2 1.3 1.4 .6 .8 1.1 1.8 1.5 1.3 1.0 1.3 2.0 1.0 1.2 1.3 1.3 78.8 53.2 39.5 58.6 39.5 51.3 50.2 83.2 78.5 48.7 21.9 57.6 57.6 59.8 58.3 80.4 54.8 40.4 59.4 41.0 53.5 51.9 84.5 79.8 50.0 24.1 59.0 59.0 61.2 59.8 2.7 2.3 2.7 1.5 1.4 74.7 59.0 67.1 66.4 50,6 77.6 61.4 69.9 68.1 52,1 2.2 2.6 1.0 1.6 Wire drawing 1910________ 1911________ 1912________ 1913.............. 1914............... 10,370 11,819 13,059 12,769 11,468 5 4 4 6 2 84 89 104 59 47 2, 323 2, 270 2,627 2,542 1, 742 2, 412 2,363 2, 735 2,607 1, 791 0.2 1 .1 .2 .1 . 133 ACCIDENT EXPERIENCE IN IRON AND STEEL INDUSTRY T a b le 11.— Accidents and accident rates in the iron and steel industry, 1907 to 1927, by department, year, and period— Continued Wire drawing— Continued Frequency rates (per 1,000,000 hours’ exposure) Number of cases Year or period 1915________ 1916________ 1917________ 1918________ 1919 __ 1920________ 1921________ 1922________ 1923________ 1924 1925________ 1926________ 1927________ 1910-1914___ 1915-1919___ 1920-1924___ 1925-1927___ Fullyear workers Per Tem ma porary Death nent disa disa bility bility Total 62 104 63 60 32 63 36 53 54 44 47 34 41 383 321 250 122 1,894 1,872 1,766 1,055 658 1, 317 567 893 975 755 987 638 401 11,908 7,245 4, 507 2,026 7,859 9, 551 13, 727 12,790 8, 739 13, 243 9,186 13, 836 14, 783 11, 567 13, 758 13, 329 11,870 59,481 52, 666 62,614 38,957 1 4 3 4 2 4 3 2 2 3 5 21 12 11 10 1,831 1, 764 1,700 991 626 1, 252 527 837 919 711 938 601 355 11, 504 6,912 4,246 1,894 Per ma Death nent disa bility 0.3 .1 .1 .1 .1 .1 .1 .4 .1 .1 .1 .1 .1 .1 .1 2.6 3.6 1.5 1.6 1.2 1.6 1.3 1.3 1.2 1.3 1.1 .9 1.1 2.1 2.0 1.3 1.0 Tem po Torary tal disa bility Severity rates (per 1,000 hours’ exposure) Per ma Death nent disa bility 77.7 61.6 41.3 25.8 23.9 31.5 19.1 20.2 20.7 20.5 22.7 15.0 9.9 63.5 43.7 22.6 16.2 80.3 65.3 42.9 27.5 25.1 33.2 20.6 21.6 21.9 21.8 23.9 16.0 11.1 65.7 45.8 24.0 17.3 0.3 .8 .4 .6 61.6 43.0 45.9 41.1 43.1 12.5 58.9 43.4 34.1 34.7 30.0 20.7 15.5 16.6 14.3 12.3 9.6 7.7 45.2 38.5 19.7 9.6 89.1 54.8 56.3 62.4 69.0 59.1 31.9 44.2 52.0 34.8 36.8 36.2 22.7 17.9 18.2 17.8 15.6 16.1 11.6 61.0 39.9 22.6 14.5 Tem po T o rary tal disa bility .3 .5 .8 .7 .5 .4 .5 2.4 2.9 1.0 1.2 1.0 1.7 1.4 1.3 1.2 1.8 1.2 .8 1.0 1.9 1.6 1.5 1.0 0.8 .6 .6 .4 .4 .5 .4 .4 .4 .3 .4 .3 .2 .6 .5 .4 .3 3.5 4.3 2.0 2.2 1.4 2.5 2.7 2.1 1.9 2.1 1.9 1.6 2.0 3.2 2.6 2.3 1.8 62.7 44.5 47.7 43.5 45.1 13.5 61.3 45.8 35.5 36.1 30.6 21.2 16.0 17.6 15.4 13.2 10.4 8.6 47.1 40.3 20.5 10.5 2.6 2.2 3.1 7.0 6.9 3.3 7.3 7.3 4.2 5.6 2.2 1.3 2.3 2.3 3.5 3.0 2.6 3.5 4.6 5.7 2.4 3.0 0.9 .9 1.7 1.2 1.0 .2 .4 1.3 1.1 .9 .1 .6 .1 .4 .4 .6 .3 .5 1.2 1.0 .3 .5 0.7 .5 .5 .5 .5 .1 .8 .7 .4 .5 .4 .3 .4 .3 .3 .3 .3 .4 .5 .5 .3 .3 4.2 3.6 5.3 8.7 8.4 3.6 8.5 9.3 5.7 7.0 2.7 2.2 2.8 3.0 5.2 3.9 3.2 4.4 6.3 7.2 3.0 3.8 91.3 56.4 58.0 64.2 70.9 60.5 33.6 46.1 53.7 36.0 37.9 37.2 23.6 19.0 19.4 18.9 16.6 17.0 12.5 62.7 41.3 23.7 15.4 4.9 2.3 1.5 1.8 2.9 2.0 1.0 1.1 2.6 1.9 2.2 1.5 1.7 1.6 2.0 1.7 1.7 1.6 1.0 2.1 2.0 1.7 1.5 0.6 .9 1.1 1.2 1.0 1.0 .7 1.5 1.0 1.0 .7 .6 .5 .7 1.0 .6 .7 .6 .9 1.1 1.0 .7 .7 1.1 .5 .7 .8 .9 .7 .4 .6 .8 .4 .5 .5 .4 .3 .3 .3 .3 .3 .2 .8 .5 .3 .3 6.6 3.7 3.8 3.8 4.8 3.7 2.1 3.2 4.4 3.3 3.4 2.6 2.5 2.6 3.3 2.6 2.7 2.5 2.1 4.0 3.5 2.8 2.5 .3 .9 .4 .3 Electrical department 1910________ 1911________ 1912________ 1913________ 1914________ 1915________ 1916________ 1917________ 1918________ 1919________ 1920________ 1921________ 1922________ 1923________ 1924________ 1925________ 1926________ 1927________ 1910-1914... 1915-1919___ 1920-1924___ 1925-1927___ 1,526 2,700 3, 796 4,012 2,327 612 1, 635 4,385 4, 747 4,644 4,473 3,025 3, 528 4, 325 3,989 4,011 4,611 5,157 14,921 16,023 19,339 13,779 2 3 6 14 8 1 6 16 10 13 5 2 4 5 7 6 6 9 33 46 23 21 3 9 15 15 6 1 6 16 10 7 3 3 1 8 6 5 6 5 48 40 21 16 282 356 523 495 301 23 289 571 485 483 403 188 164 215 171 148 131 119 1,957 1,851 1,141 398 287 368 544 524 315 25 301 603 505 503 411 193 169 228 184 159 143 113 2,038 1,937 1,185 435 0.4 .4 .5 1.2 1.1 .5 1.2 1.2 .7 .9 .4 .2 .4 .4 .6 .5 .4 .6 .8 1.0 .4 .5 0.7 1.1 1.3 1.2 .9 .5 1.2 1.2 .7 .5 .2 .3 .1 .6 .5 .4 .4 .3 1.1 .8 .4 .4 Mechanical department 1908________ 1910________ 1911________ 1912________ 1913________ 1914________ 1915________ 1916________ 1917________ 1918________ 1919________ 1920________ 1921________ 1922________ 1923________ 1924________ 1925________ 1926________ 1927________ 1910-1914. 1915-1919. 1920-1924... 1925-1928... 1,619 15,927 17,863 21, 591 24,009 17, 772 5,987 16,920 33,328 58,002 40, 609 34, 648 25,036 30,324 37,449 31, 331 36,666 38,953 37, 531 97,161 154,846 162,121 113,150 4 18 13 19 36 18 3 9 43 54 45 36 ■21 25 37 29 31 32 19 104 154 138 82 7 56 80 95 103 60 27 86 134 162 83 68 41 75 102 80 71 74 80 392 492 366 225 430 2,618 3,015 4,040 4,972 3,149 573 2,245 5,201 6,054 4,483 3, 767 1,703 1,626 2,045 1,855 1, 717 1,887 1,309 17,794 18,556 10,996 4,913 441 2,692 3,108 4,154 5, 111 3, 227 603 2,340 5,378 6,270 4,611 3,861 1,775 1,726 2,184 1,964 1,819 1,993 1,408 18,292 19,202 11,510 5,220 0.8 .4 .2 .3 .5 .3 .2 .2 .4 .3 .4 .3 .3 .3 .3 .3 .3 .3 .2 .4 .3 .3 .2 1.4 1.2 1.5 1.5 1.4 1.1 1.5 1.7 1.3 .9 .7 .7 .5 .8 .9 .8 .7 .6 .7 1.3 1.1 .8 .7 134 STATISTICS OF INDUSTRIAL ACCIDENTS T a b l e 11 .— Accidents and accident rates in the iron and steel industry, 1907 to 1927 , by department, year} and period— Continued Power houses Frequency rates (per 1,000,000 hours’ exposure) Number of cases Year or period Fullyear workers 1917............... 1918________ 1919— ......... 1920________ 1921............... 1922________ 1923________ 1924________ 1925________ 1926________ 1927________ 1912_1914___ 1915-1919___ 1920-1924___ 1925-1927. __ 4,552 3,699 4,093 4,591 2,344 3,361 4, 070 4, 511 4, 218 3,446 3,888 8,083 13, 219 18,878 11, 552 Per Tem ma Death nent porary disa disa bility bility 7 9 11 4 2 7 10 2 1 5 4 8 4 3 8 21 21 18 15 6 5 3 3 6 27 17 6 210 254 213 172 77 115 117 157 183 56 98 544 739 638 337 Total Per ma Death nent disa bility 224 273 226 177 79 120 127 170 190 62 106 571 787 673 358 0.5 .8 .9 .3 .3 .5 .4 .2 .3 .2 .7 .3 .2 Severity rates (per 1,000 hours’ exposure) Per Tem ma po T o Death nent rary tal disa disa bility bility Tem po rary disa bility Total 16.4 24.6 18.4 12.9 11.2 11.9 10.4 12.6 15.0 6.0 9.1 23.5 19.8 11.9 10.3 3.1 4.9 5.4 1.7 1.7 .5 .3 .6 .3 .3 .7 .9 .5 .3 .4 15.4 22.9 17.3 12.5 10.9 11.4 9.6 11.6 14.5 5.4 8.4 22.4 18.6 11.3 9.7 1.2 1.0 1.6 1.9 1.4 1.6 1.3 2.4 1.6 1.2 1.6 .9 1.3 .7 1.4 .8 1.0 .7 .9 1.5 1.6 1.0 .8 64.8 43.0 49.0 57.8 52.0 41. 2 36.2 39.4 38.0 31.1 33.7 25.4 24.1 22.4 27.5 24.9 32.8 16.0 8.6 48.6 35.2 25.0 19.0 66.6 44.8 51.0 60.4 54.2 43.2 37.5 42.3 40.4 33.0 36.1 26.6 25.7 23.7 29.4 26.1 34.3 17.4 10.0 50.8 37.5 26.4 20.4 3.8 5.0 2.4 4.1 4.7 2.5 110.4 87.0 135.3 101.8 92.0 121.7 103.0 76.2 89.2 102. 7* 71.2 85.3 58.8 121.7 107.2 97.5 72.2 0.5 .9 .2 .1 .7 .4 .6 .3 .4 .2 .8 .6 .3 .3 0.3 .4 .2 .2 .2 .2 .1 .2 .3 .1 1 .3 .3 .2 .2 4.4 5.8 5.7 1.9 1.9 .9 3.4 3.0 2.0 2.2 .3 2.6 5.0 2.3 1.5 3.1 4.6 4.0 4.9 1.7 2.1 3.8 2.9 2.4 3.1 3.9 2.8 4.0 3.9 2.5 3.3 2.6 1.0 1.9 1.4 1.0 1.4 1.0 2.2 1.7 1.2 1.9 1.3 1.9 .5 1.9 .9 1.6 .6 .9 1.4 1.6 1.2 1.0 1.1 .5 .7 .8 .7 .6 .4 .6 .6 .6 .6 .4 .5 .5 .4 .5 .6 .4 .2 .6 .6 .4 .4 7.5 6.5 5.0 6.3 6.4 4.5 1.4 5.9 6.9 5.8 7.4 3.4 4.4 4.8 5.2 3.8 5.3 4.9 3.9 6.0 6.1 4.1 4.7 19.9 19.8 20.8 16.2 12.9 19.7 17.5 16.8 6.6 19.8 19.2 28.4 7.4 24.1 18.1 15.6 18.4 4.3 1.7 4.0 2.0 1.3 3.7 1.1 2.5 1.6 3.4 2.2 2.3 1.1 5.5 2.6 2.5 1.9 1.2 1.7 2.2 1.4 1.3 2.5 1.7 1.8 1.2 1.9 1.0 1.3 1.0 1.8 1.6 1.8 1.1 25.4 23.2 27.0 19.6 15.5 25.9 20.2 21.1 9.4 25.1 22.4 32.0 9.5 31.4 22.3 19.9 21.4 2.9 2.2 1.4 1.7 1.5 4.1 1.8 1.0 1.0 .5 .1 0) . Yards 1907_............. 1910________ 1911_______ _ 1912________ 1913________ 1914 191 5 1916________ 1917________ 1918________ 1919________ 1920_............. 1921............... 1922________ 1923............... 1924________ 1925________ 1926________ 1927________ 1910-1914— 1915-1919___ 1920-1924___ 1925-1927.__ 2,618 15,932 9,085 11,180 11,859 7,879 3,843 7,853 15, 732 16,354 10,108 12,087 5,840 7,969 8,381 8,269 7,683 9,857 7,198 55,932 53,890 42, 546 24, 738 5 40 11 23 28 10 12 36 33 25 10 6 15 12 10 12 19 10 112 106 53 41 10 49 43 64 ' 50 37 15 56 77 62 48 33 22 16 35 19 24 19 19 243 258 125 62 509 2,054 1,336 1,940 1,807 975 417 929 1, 792 1,526 1,021 922 422 536 693 617 755 474 185 8,112 5,685 3,190 1,414 524 2,143 1,390 2,027 1,885 1,022 432 997 1,905 1,621 1,094 965 450 567 740 644 791 512 214 8,467 6,049 3,366 1,517 0.6 .8 .4 .7 .8 .4 .5 .8 .7 .8 .3 .3 .6 .5 .4 .5 .7 .5 .7 .7 .4 .6 Erection of structural steel 1915________ 1916________ 1917__........... 1918________ 1919________ 1920________ 1921________ 1922________ 1923________ 1924________ 1925________ 1926________ 1927________ 1912-1914___ 1915-1919___ 1920-1924___ 1925-1927. 803 1,011 1,156 1,234 775 637 573 595 912 1,009 937 774 816 2,157 4,979 3,726 2,527 8 10 12 10 5 6 5 5 3 10 9 11 3 26 45 29 23 i Less than one-tenth per cent. 7 3 15 3 7 12 4 2 7 10 3 5 7 24 35 35 15 251 251 442 364 214 204 168 129 234 291 188 180 134 738 1,522 1,026 502 266 264 469 377 226 222 177 136 244 311 200 196 144 788 1,602 1,090 540 3.3 3.3 3.5 2.7 2.2 3.3 2.9 2.8 1.1 3.3 3.2 4.8 1.2 4.0 3.0 2.6 3.1 2.9 1.0 4.3 .8 3.0 6.6 2.3 1.1 2.6 3.3 1.1 2.2 2.9 3.7 2.3 3.1 2.0 104.2 82.7 127.5 98.3 86.8 111.8 97.8 72.3 85.5 96.1 66.9 78.3 54.7 114.0 101.9 91.8 67.1 A C E T EXPERIEN IN IR N A D STEEL IN U Y C ID N CE O N D STR T a b le 135 1 1 .— Accidents and accident rates in the iron and steel industry, 1907 to 1927 , by department, year, and period— Continued Coke o ven s2 Frequency Bates (per 1,000,000 hours’ exposure) Number of cases Year or period Fullyear workers Death 1915............1916________ 1917________ 1918________ 1919________ 1920________ 1921............... 1922________ 1923________ 1924________ 1925________ 1926________ 1927________ 1912-1914___ 1915-1919___ 1920-1924___ 1925-1926.-. 1,648 2,195 6,641 9,395 9,022 8,620 5,768 6,554 8,961 7,506 7,599 10, 745 10,117 13, 282 28,901 37,409 28,461 2 5 26 21 12 6 2 2 7 9 4 19 7 27 66 26 30 Per Tem ma porary nent disa disa bility bility 4 6 10 14 10 11 4 1 14 15 14 22 14 39 44 45 50 128 150 508 662 647 518 182 207 416 254 142 277 191 1,651 2,095 1, 577 610 Total 134 161 544 697 669 535 188 210 437 278 160 318 212 1,717 2,205 1,648 690 Per ma Death nent disa bility 0.4 .8 1.3 .7 .4 .2 .1 .1 .3 .4 .2 .6 .2 .7 .8 .2 .4 0.8 .9 .5 .5 .4 .4 .2 .1 .5 .7 .6 .7 .5 1.0 .5 .4 .6 Tem po Torary tal disa bility 25.9 22.7 25.5 23.5 23.9 10.0 10.5 10.5 15.5 11.3 6.2 8.6 6.3 41.4 24.1 14.1 7.1 27.1 24.4 27.3 24.7 24.7 10.6 10.8 10.7 16.3 12.4 7.0 9.9 7.0 43.1 25.4 14.7 8.1 Severity rates (per 1,000 hours’ exposure) Per ma Death nent disa bility 2.4 4.6 7.8 4.5 2.7 1.4 .7 .6 1.6 2.4 1.1 3.5 1.4 4.1 4.6 1.4 2.1 Tem po rary T o disa tal bility 0.6 .5 .5 .5 .6 .7 .3 .2 1.1 .9 .9 .7 .5 1.5 .5 .7 .7 0.3 .4 .4 .4 .4 .3 .2 .2 .3 .1 .2 .2 .2 .6 .4 .2 .1 3.3 5.5 8.7 5.4 3.7 2.4 1.1 1.0 3.0 3.5 2.2 4.4 2.0 6.2 5.5 2.3 2.9 3.1 0.3 .1 .9 1.1 .7 .7 .5 l .1 .2 .1 3.2 1.6 .7 .3 . 3.4 .l .9 5.0 .7 .7 8.7 i 1 4.3 .l 6.0 6.7 1.9 1.7 0.7 2.1 .9 .6 1.0 .6 .7 .6 .8 .8 .6 .4 .3 1.3 1.0 .7 .5 1.0 8.5 5.9 1.7 3.2 1.5 4.9 .6 2.8 2.9 1.9 2.C 3.9 4.7 3.9 2.3 2.4 Miscellaneous departments Axle works3 1915 _______ 1916________ 1917............... 1918________ 1919________ 1920________ 1921............... 1922________ 1923________ 1924________ 1925________ 1926________ 1912-19141915-1919... 1920-1924... 191 372 713 609 582 743 242 490 774 516 436 340 1,326 2,467 2,764 1 3 1 1 1 2 4 4 4 1 2 21 17 81 156 63 100 12 11 30 22 6 9 438 338 175 22 17 81 159 63 100 13 11 30 24 6 13 444 342 178 1.7 1.3 .6 .5 .2 36.6 38.3 15.2 15.2 37.9 37.9 1.6 85.4 87.0 36.1 36.1 44.8 44.8 16.5 17.9 7.5 7.5 12.9 12.9 14.2 15.4 .6 4.6 4.6 .4 .9 1.3 1.0 110.1 111.6 .5 45.7 46.2 .1 21.1 21.5 3.9 8.3 3.9 .2 ~~2.~8~ 2.1 1.2 1.4 0 3.0 . . Car wheels 1915............... 1916-_______ 1917________ 1918________ 1919________ 1920. ______ 1921________ 1 9 2 2 ... 1923________ 1924________ 1925________ 19 2 6 --. . . . 1927________ 1912-1914___ 1915-1919___ 1920-1924___ 1925-1927... 389 734 1,296 1,866 1,619 1,215 552 1,102 1,099 1,083 931 792 552 2,367 5,904 5,050 2,275 2 3 1 1 1 1 1 3 7 3 1 2 4 11 4 2 1 3 3 3 4 15 18 10 10 25 348 250 337 353 170 92 78 116 137 69 32 17 609 1,313 595 118 26 352 257 338 365 174 95 78 118 141 72 35 21 627 1,338 608 128 0.9 21.4 22.3 0.9 .9 158.0 159.0 .8 1.0 64.3 66.1 .2 60.2 60.4 .2 " * 2 .T 72.6 75.1 1.0 46.7 47.7 .6 1.2 56.7 58.6 23. 6 23.6 .3 .3 35.2 35.8 .3 .9 42.2 43.4 1.1 24.7 25.8 1.2 13.3 14.5 2.4 10.3 12.7 .4 2.1 85.8 88.3 .4 1.0 74.1 75.5 .2 .7 39.3 40.2 1.5 17.3 18.8 5.4 4.6 1.1 1.2 3.6 1.8 1.8 2.5 2.4 1.2 0.3 1.0 .4 1.0 .9 .5 .2 .3 1.3 1.6 3.6 .9 .5 .4 1.9 1 Less than one-tenth of 1 per cent. 2 This section of the table covers only those coke ovens operated in connection with steel works. For more complete information, see publications of the Bureau of Mines; also p. — of this bulletin. 8 The 1927 record is so small that the figures have been included in “ Unclassified.” The 1925-1927 group ing has therefore been omitted. 136 STATISTICS OF INDUSTRIAL ACCIDENTS T a b l e 1 1 .— Accidents and accident rates in the iron and steel industry, 1907 to 1927 , by department, year , and period— C o n tin u e d M is c e lla n e o u s d e p a r t m e n t s — C o n tin u e d Frequency rates (per 1,000,000 hours’ < exposure) Number of cases Year or period Fullyear workers Death Per Tem ma porary nent disa disa bility bility Total Per ma Death nent disa bility Tem po rary disa bility To tal Severity rates (per 1,000 hours’ exposure) Per ma Death nent disa bility T em po T o rary tal disa bility Docks and ore yards 1915________ 1916________ 1917________ 1918________ 1919________ 1920________ 1921________ 1922_______ 1923________ 1924________ 1925________ 1926________ 1927________ 1911-1914 — 1915-1919___ 1920-1924__ _ 1925-1927. 115 195 353 368 352 379 235 271 538 340 388 389 603 1,293 1, 383 1, 761 1, 380 3 2 1 1 3 2 2 1 1 6 2 3 3 4 2 1 3 6 4 3 1 1 11 12 12 2 7 16 78 35 39 12 11 7 15 12 7 8 1 139 175 57 16 9 21 81 37 45 15 11 13 18 16 9 9 4 153 193 73 21 5.1 1.9 .9 .9 3.7 5.8 3.4 .9 .9 5. 7 1.8 3.7 1.9 3.9 1. 7 .6 .8 1.4 .8 .7 .1 .6 2.8 2.9 2.3 .5 20. 3 27.4 73.6 31.7 37.0 10.6 15.6 8.6 9.2 11. 8 6.0 .7 .6 35.8 42.2 10.8 3.9 2.4 38.6 13.0 6.0 10.9 8.3 .5 30.1 4.1 14. 7 10. 6 2.9 3.5 8.2 13.3 10.6 5.3 26.1 2.3 35.9 7.3 30.8 76.4 .7 11.3 33.5 5.4 .3 10.4 42. 7 13.3 5.3 2.9 15.6 16.0 ~~22.2~ ~~7~6 11.1 3.9 15.7 14.4 7.7 10. 3 .8 2.6 1.8 3.3 .2 39.4 4.6 2.8 4.1 46.5 8.7 13.9 4.5 5.8 5.1 4.3 .8 0.1 .5 1.0 .3 .5 .1 .5 .3 .2 .3 .3 .3 0) .8 .5 .3 .2 65.2 40. 7 28.3 17.9 9.9 16.4 30.0 19.8 26.6 17.6 27.6 22. 3 13.6 33.4 21.4 21.2 1. 2 3.0 2.1 1.0 .6 2.9 .8 .7 .5 1.3 .2 .5 1.0 1.6 1.2 .6 I 0.5 1. 7 .4 ! 3. 4 .4 | 2. 5 .2 1 1. 2 .2 2.3 .2 3.1 .4 1.2 .4 1.1 .2 1.9 .2 1. 5 .4 .6 .3 .8 . 1 1.1 .3 2.2 .3 1.8 .3 .9 1.7 1.0 2.1 1. 2 .5 .8 .6 1.3 1.2 1.0 1.6 .1 1 1.3 1.0 .6 0.3 1.4 .3 .2 .1 .1 .3 .3 .2 .2 .2 .2 1 .3 .2 .2 Woven wire fence 1915 -- . 1916________ 1917________ 1918________ 1919________ 1920........... . 1921________ 1922________ 1923________ 1924________ 1925________ 1 9 2 6 ._.......... 1927________ 1915-1919-_. 1920-1924-_. 1925-1927._. 1, 552 1, 623 1,269 1, 531 1, 336 1,097 1, 095 1, 528 1,603 1, 301 1,290 1, 363 1,204 7, 311 6, 623 3,857 1 1 1 1 10 18 10 5 4 6 3 6 3 6 2 6 2 47 24 10 294 180 98 77 35 48 79 85 124 63 105 83 47 684 399 235 304 198 108 82 40 54 82 91 128 69 107 89 49 732 424 245 0.2 .2 .1 .1 2.1 3. 7 2.6 1.1 1.0 1.8 .9 1.3 .6 1.5 .5 1.5 .6 2.1 1.2 .9 63.1 37.0 25. 7 16.8 8.7 14.6 24.1 18. 5 25.8 16.1 27.1 20. 8 13.0 31.2 20.1 20.3 1.5 1.2 .3 .3 Nails and staples 1915............... 1916________ 1917________ 1918________ 1919________ 1920________ 1921________ 1922________ 1923________ 1924._ 1925 _ 1926________ 1927--_ 1915-1919-_. 1920-1924- __ 1925-1927--. 1, 546 1, 993 2, 323 1, 916 2,040 2, 364 1, 718 2, 366 3,404 1,939 1, 925 2,658 1,424 9, 818 10,890 6,007 1 1 1 1 1 2 3 12 10 16 10 8 8 6 10 7 6 6 2 1 56 37 9 i Less than one-tenth of 1 per cent. 181 236 184 123 58 164 91 121 131 81 88 100 35 782 588 223 194 246 201 133 66 172 98 132 139 87 94 102 36 840 628 232 0.2 .1 .2 .1 .1 .1 .1 2.6 .2 2.3 1. 7 1.3 1.1 1.2 1.4 .9 1.0 1. 0 .3 .2 1.9 1.1 .5 39.0 41.8 39. 5 39. 7 26.4 28.8 i 21.4 23.1 1 9. 5 10.8 23.1 24.2 17.7 19.0 17.0 18.5 17.4 18.5 13.9 I 14.9 15. 2 i 16.2 16.4 16. 7 8.2 8.4 26.5 28.5 19.2 18.0 12.4 12.9 1.3 -9 1.2 .8 .8 . .4 .6 . 3.3 2.4 3.3 1.4 .6 .9 2.1 2.4 2.2 1. 2 1. 8 .3 .2 2 !o 1.8 .8 ACCIDENT EXPERIENCE IN IRON AND STEEL INDUSTRY T able 137 1 1 . — Accidents and accident rates in the iron and steel industry, 1907 to 1927, by department, year, and period— Continued M iscellaneous departments— Continued Frequency rates (per 1,000,000 hours’ i exposure) Number of cases Year or period Fullyear workers Per Tem ma porary iDeath nent disa disa bility bility Total Per ma jDeath nent disa bility Tem po T o rary tal disa bility Severity rates (per 1,000 hours’ exposure) Per ma Death nent disa bility Tem po Torary tal disa bility Hot mills 1 9 2 3 --........... 1924.............. 1925________ 1926________ 1 9 2 7 --.......... 1920-19241925-1927.-- 6,374 5, 789 7,773 4, 319 8,649 30,018 20,741 2 1 4 4 1 11 9 9 7 19 15 11 39 45 820 634 913 834 673 3,223 2,420 831 642 936 853 685 3, 273 2,474 0.1 .1 .2 .3 o .1 .1 0.5 .4 .8 1.2 .4 .4 .7 42.9 36.6 39.1 64.2 25.8 35.8 38.9 43.5 37.1 40.1 65.7 26.3 36.3 39.7 0.6 .3 1.0 3.9 .2 .7 .9 0.4 .5 .7 1.3 .5 .4 .6 0.5 .6 .6 1.6 .3 .5 .5 1.5 1.4 2.3 6.8 1.0 1.6 2.0 38.7 38.4 1.2 0.8 .4 0.4 .6 1.2 2.2 43.3 38.6 39.3 35.2 30.7 36.7 28.9 29.9 35.3 30.0 27.7 25.7 21.7 35.9 32.6 25.4 1.5 1.4 1.8 1.6 1.5 1.4 1.3 1.0 1.1 1.4 .7 1.0 1.0 1.6 1.2 .9 0.6 1.4 .8 .9 .7 .9 .8 .8 .9 .9 .7 .7 .8 1.3 .9 .7 0.6 .6 .5 .5 .4 .5 .5 .4 .5 .5 .4 .3 .3 .5 .5 .4 2.7 3.4 3.1 2.9 2.6 2.8 2.6 2.2 2.5 2.8 1.8 2.0 2.1 3.4 2.6 2.0 Cold rolling * 1926 ........... 1927_............. 1,824 1,686 1 2 6 211 187 213 194 .2 0.4 1.2 38.3 37.0 Unclassfied 1915-............. 1916_............. 1917-............. 1918________ 1919________ 1920________ 1921..... ......... 1922-............. 1923________ 1924________ 1925- ______ 1926-............. 1927________ 1915-1919.-1920-1924--. 1925-1927-.- 21, 547 24, 216 71,249 97, 513 78,804 104, 741 53,403 79,405 95,138 93,018 132, 291 112,826 95,957 293,329 425, 704 341,074 16 41 17 72 164 65 79 284 60 145 72 261 134 36 39 233 52 273 66 285 45 308 58 306 49 282 237 706 265 1,186 152 896 2, 749 2,714 8,165 9,930 7 ,0t>4 11, 208 4,468 6,848 9, 719 8,032 10, 648 8,325 5,907 30, 612 40, 275 24,880 2,806 2,803 8, 394 10, 293 7, 259 11,541 4,638 7,120 10,044 8,383 11,001 8, 689 6, 238 31,555 41, 736 25,928 0.2 .2 .3 .3 .3 .2 .2 .2 .2 .*2 .1 .2 .2 .3 .2 .1 0.6 1.0 .8 1.0 .6 .8 .8 1.0 1.0 1.0 .8 .9 1.0 .8 .9 .9 42.5 37.4 38.2 33.9 29.8 35.7 27.9 28.7 34.1 28.8 26.8 24.6 20.5 34.8 31.5 24.4 1 Less than one-tenth of 1 per cent. * The 1925-1927 grouping has been omitted since data for 1925 are not available. ACCIDENT RA TES IN TH E IN D U STRY, 1922 TO 1927, BY STATE It is not claimed that the following table is complete; it simply records by States and years such information as has been accumulated from year to year, and probably represents something like 90 per cent of the industry. Where the bureau’s records showed less than 1,000 full-year workers in a State that State has been omitted. The general trend in the rates has been quite constantly downwards, and this downward trend is more pronounced in those States where accident prevention has been applied to the problem for the longest time and with the utmost energy. When these figures are compared with the best that are on record, however, it is clearly evident that further progress is still possible. 138 T a b l e 1 2 .— STATISTICS OF INDUSTRIAL ACCIDENTS Accident frequency and severity rates in the iron and steel industry, 1922 to 1927, by State and year Frequency rates (per 1,000,000 hours’ exposur e) Number of cases State and year Fullyear workers Per ma nent disa bili ty Death Alabama: 192 2 192 3 192 4 192 5 192 6 192 7 ----California: 192 2 192 3 192 4 192 5 192 6 192 7 Colorado: 192 2 192 3 192 4 192 5 192 6 192 7 Connecticut: 192 2 192 3 192 4 192 5 192 6 192 7 Illinois: 192 2 192 3 192 4 192 5 192 6 192 7 Indiana: 192 2 192 3 192 4 192 5 192 6 192 7 Kentucky: 192 2 192 3 192 4 192 5 192 6 192 7 Maryland: 1927____ Massachusetts: 1922 ......... . 192 3 192 4 1925 1926 - ........... 192 7 Michigan: 1922.............. 1923 - ........... 1924 - ........... 192 5 1926 1927 Missouri: 1922________ 1924. 1925. 1926. 1927 _ Severity rates (per 1,000 hours’ exposure) PerPer Tem TemTem ma pora pora S | P oraTo nent ry Total Death disa ry Total Death disa ry ta l! disadisa disa bili bili bility bility bility ty ty 10, 998 11, 915 13, 705 15, 244 19, 887 14, 493 51 78 41 46 130 77 1,163 1,348 1,127 508 1, 370 1, 224 1,433 1,184 568 1, 530 0. 30 .20 .39 .31 .50 .28 1. 55 2.18 1.00 1.00 2.18 1. 77 35.25 37. 74 27.41 12.07 22.95 18.61 37.10 40.09 28.80 13. 38 25.63 20. (56 1.82 1.18 2. 33 1. 84 3.02 1. 1.17 1. 77 1.06 1. 37 1. 56 1.43 0.48 .87 .62 .19 .39 .36 3.47 3.82 4.01 3.40 4.97 3.45 4,013 3,113 2,901 3, 018 2, 1, 370 35 11 16 10 16 4 711 597 522 278 825 225 749 611 540 289 841 229 .25 .32 .23 . 11 2.91 1.18 1.84 1.11 1. .97 59.05 63.92 59. 97 30.70 95. 93 54. 76 62. 21 65.42 62. 04 31. 92 97. 82 55. 73 1.50 1.93 1.38 .66 2. 63 1.19 1.43 1.56 2. 1.02 .75 1. 34 .71 1.20 .91 4.93 3.87 4.15 2. 93 3.29 1.93 3, 351 4,164 4, 269 4,243 4, 507 4, 074 2 13 22 14 13 27 367 462 452 592 668 474 372 482 480 609 683 507 .20 1.04 1.72 1.10 .96 2. 21 36.51 36.98 35.29 46.50 49. 48 38. 78 37. 01 38. 58 37. 48 47. 84 50. 59 41. 48 1. 79 3. 36 2.81 1. 41 .89 2. 95 1. 52 .93 1.15 1. 75 .36 .76 .63 .78 .71 .51 2. 42 5.34 4.96 3.12 2. 75 5.21 3, 778 5,307 5, 7, 263 2,908 4, 22 34 40 49 47 27 510 446 522 778 366 276 535 485 568 832 414 304 1.94 2.14 2. 36 2.24 5. 40 1.97 44.99 28.01 30. 85 35.72 42. 07 20. 09 47.19 30.46 33. 56 38.19 47. 60 22.13 1. 59 1. 2.13 1. 38 .68 .44 1. 38 1.58 1.31 .28 2.47 1.58 .67 .27 .43 .35 .72 .34 3. 64 3. 73 3. 87 2,481 3, 963 3,081 2,691 3,055 1, 755 1.32 1.42 1.13 1.12 33.02 31.20 26. 26 23.75 1.01 25.87 10.83 34. 56 32. 94 27. 58 25.06 27.10 11. 79 1. 34 1.00 1.95 1.63 1.13 .98 1.12 1.32 1.33 .82 .81 .76 .44 .55 .21 .36 2.78 4.13 2. 32 2.80 2. 53 1.76 .27 .33 .28 .31 .22 .19 2.20 23,926 40, 097 38,147 35, 810 37, 574 49,576 16 39 21 20 25 20 95 171 126 120 114 124 2,370 3, 753 2,934 2,551 2,916 1,611 36,683 22, 887 34,846 32, 743 38, 735 43,120 18 12 30 25 42 13 113 67 69 86 133 92 2,200 2,331 1,396 2,601 1,734 2,550 3,744 4,450 10,973 2 5 1 13 3 5 18 10 477 18 922 899 9 154 144 15 221 193 30 273 300 26 295 326 15 1,080 1,113 5,610 5,018 7,580 6,645 7,150 7,230 7 4 3 1 5 5 337 230 246 126 247 1.03 20.05 21. 24 .98 25.43 26. 58 .66 15. 22 16.17 21.48 22. 61 1.14 12.09 13.59 .71 10.07 10.88 1,746 1, 825 1,591 1,690 2,110 2,221 1,405 1, 580 1,302 1,407 373 260 271 134 270 247 .48 .64 .19 1.70 .26 .37 .55 2.39 113.89 116.76 2.31 115. 22 118.17 1.73 27.68 29.60 1. 25.23 28.89 2. 67 24.37 27.30 1.95 22.10 24.42 .46 32. 81 33.82 .41 1. 71 .27 1.73 .13 .97 .05 .35 .23 .83 .23 .60 19. 90 15.28 10.82 6.32 11.48 10.56 .27 1.22 1.05 1.72 1. 53 2.17 .60 2.01 3.81 2.36 2. 34 2.75 2.57 3.37 1.37 6.12 2.87 1.43 3.84 4.31 1.15 1. 58 10.20 1.83 1.60 2. 57 2.25 1.62 3.28 .52 1.82 .87 .39 .39 .25 .35 .58 9.02 3.12 12. 42 4. 42 4. 22 4. 38 22. 02 17. 28 11. 92 6. 72 12. 54 11. 39 2.48 1.64 1.59 1. .79 1. 55 .30 .33 1.42 .78 1. 38 .63 .53 .57 .29 .21 .32 .27 4. 65 3.24 2. 63 .84 2.52 2.28 3,928 4, 2,457 4, 5,643 3,489 916 984 1,014 601 583 1,093 1.105 1, — 1.105 620 632 .51 1.36 77.73 79.60 .83 1.44 74. 57 76. 84 .54 1.90 79.08 81. 52 .27 .56 74. 83 75. 66 . 18 95 64.15 65. 28 . 19 . 96 j 59. 23 60. 38 3.05 1.29 5.00 1. 05 3.26 3. 1.64 .70 1.06 .67 1.15 .51 .90 .92 .89 .79 5.20 6.98 7. 72 3.26 2.62 2.45 4,676 4,255 1,284 3,662 3,215 2,913 12 1,632 1,650 907 903 266 275 297 294 443 452 272 . 86;il6. 35 117. 64 . 311 70.74 71.05 2.08! 69.06 71.40 .18! 26.76 27. 03 .61 46.14 47.06 . 34' 30,671 31.12 2. 57 1.01 .33 1.56 1. 78 .19 .55 1. .68 ,69 .19 1.41 .84 .76 .34 .54 ,56 4.99 1.17 4.10 1.08 3.08 1.44 139 ACCIDENT EXPERIENCE IN IRON AND STEEL INDUSTRY T a b le 1 2 .— Accident frequency and severity rates in the iron and steel industry, 1922 to 1927, by State and year— Continued Frequency rates (per Severity rates (per 1,000 1,000,000 hours’ exposure]i hours’ exposure) Number of cases State and year New Jersey: 192 2 192 3 192 4 192 5 192 6 192 7 New York: 192 2 192 3 192 4 192 5 1927_______ Ohio: 192 2 192 3 192 4 192 5 192 6 192 7 Pennsylvania: 192 2 192 3 192 4 192 5 192 6 192 7 Tennessee: 192 2 192 3 192 4 192 5 Fullyear Per ma nent Death disa bility 1 Per Per TemTemTem ma ma . pora. porapora nent nent To ry Total Death ' ry Total Death ' ry disa disa disa tal disa disa bili bili bility bility bility ty ty 0.05■ 1.87 2.13 2.18 .19 1. 49 .16 1.26 .27 1. 89 31. 58 35. 42 35.87 37.03 23.96 14.87 33. 5C i 37.55 38. 05 37. 71 25.38 17.03 1.20 2.17 2.69 1.16 1.46 1.01 .92 1.62 1.68 .43 .26 .24 .22 .24 .19 1.85 1.90 2.46 2.12 1.51 1.71 64.13 62. 73 53.46 87.58 64. 34 33. 54 66. 42 64.89 56.16 89.92 66.09 35.44 2.60 1. 58 1.45 1.35 1.48 1.14 1.82 1.84 2.03 2.35 .90 1.32 .99 .73 .94 .89 .95 .73 5.41 4.15 4.42 4.59 3. 33 3.19 5,435 6,003 5,461 5,242 5,850 5,540 .27 .17 .25 .13 .17 .13 .81 .86 .80 .58 .62 .69 34.15 24.63 23.13 19.42 20. 25 19.38 35. 23 25.66 24.18 20.13 21.04 20.20 1.63 1.00 1.54 .76 1.03 .81 .66 .87 .98 .53 .44 .58 .48 .39 .36 .25 .23 .32 2.77 2.26 2.88 1.54 1. 71 1. 71 8,364 12,188 8, 382 9, 527 7, 763 6,727 8,527 12, 544 8,680 9, 820 8,044 7,069 .20 .27 .12 .18 .13 .23 .34 .58 .53 .49 .34 .54 27. 28 28. 97 18. 05 21.30 13.17 15. 30 27. 82 29.82 18. 70 21.97 13.64 16. 07 1.17 1.60 .70 1.01 .79 1.41 .34 .59 .34 .45 .09 .53 .45 1.03 .30 .26 .20 .31 1.96 3.22 1.34 1.72 1.08 2. 25 1 220 437 77 196 32 114 228 465 86 199 33 116 1.49 7 .97i 2.26 3. 99 1.60 1.59 1. 67 1.75 1.48 .44 .69 1.03 .25 .69 .13 .48 2.18 11.23 5.84 3. 95 1.88 2.40 6 1 2 3 6 2 80 77 66 181 148 69 86 78 68 186 155 71 53. 70 5.99 32. 51 _______ | . 13 1 1.49 37. 61 3. 31 1. 27 51.27 38. 30 1.48 .96 31.04 1. 57 .59 .50 1.49 1.15 >48 .58 6. 58 .63 .88 5. 73 2. 92 2.15 1. 48 .84 1.71 .54 3.03 1.53 3.26 .67 1. 70 .41 2.42 .56 .85 .33 1.70 .28 .35 .56 3.17 2. 58 6. 26 4. 21 2.46 3. 54 1. 39 1.23 1.57 2.11 1. 76 1.66 .73 .78 .68 .81 .55 . 59 2.12 3.42 3.45 3.69 3.45 4.25 4 4 6 37 47 47 31 30 42 625 780 772 769 568 331 663 827 819 804 602 379 9.785 11.377 6,903 10,372 9,442 8.785 11 9 5 7 7 5 47 65 51 66 43 45 1,625 2,141 1,107 2,725 1,821 884 1,683 2,215 1,163 2, 799 1,871 934 51,424 77,979 75,282 86,820 92,678 91.377 42 39 57 33 48 37 125 201 181 150 172 190 5,268 5,763 5, 223 5,059 5,630 5,313 102,186 140,259 154,800 149, 089 196.124 146, 595 60 112 54 75 77 103 103 244 244 218 204 239 1, 543 2, 258 1, ““ 1, 256 1,139 1,354 9 3 1 1 1 4 19 6 2 1927________ Washington: 192 2 534 192 3 ......... 2,258 192 4 1, 503 192 5 1,256 192 6 ......... 1,348 192 7 763 W est Virginia: 192 2 2,702 192 3 9,336 1924 . ........................ 4, 613 192 5 7,964 192 6 ........................ 14.124 192 7 12,414 Wisconsin: 1 9 2 2 .. . 5,441 1923.............. 4,264 192 4 8,321 1925 . ........................ 6,089 1926_ ............. 10,481 1927.............. 3,992 2 1 .86 47. 52 48. 38 1.33 2.80 64.50 68.63 .67 1.33 17.08 19. 07 .27 .53 52.02 52.82 9. 41 9. 71 .30 .25 .25 28. 07 28. 57 3. 75 .42 1.11 .55 .83 .25 .15 .87 49. 95 32. 09 36. 50 49. 89 37.00 30.17 2 8 7 13 12 15 6 592 600 13 749 770 18 806 831 14 537 564 30 1, 306 1, 348 21 1,279 1,315 .24 .74 73.03 74. 01 .29 .46 26. 74 27.49 .51 1.30 58. 24 60.05 .54 .59 22.48 23. 61 .28 .71 30.87 31.86 .40 .56 34.34 35. 30 3 5 2 6 4 790 20 810 708 728 171 47! 1,275 1,327 34 1,121 1,157 66 1,214 1,286 641 671 26 .23 .20 .13 .19 .33 1. 23 1.33 1.88 2.18 2.10 2.17 48.40 55.34 51.08 72.02 38.66 53.52 49.63 56.90 53.16 74.33 40.95 56. 02 0.30 1.41 1.20 .77 1.14 2.00 0.55i 2.05 .57 2.74 .70i 3.39 .59| 3.21 .37 2.30 .30 3.60 AN ALYSIS OF AC C ID EN T CAUSES IN TH E IN D U ST R Y BY D E P A R T M E N T The comparison in this section is based on the records of two 5-year periods. A third period will not be completed until the end of 1929. The tables present the experience of 13 departments for 7 large groups. In the portion of the tables pertaining to 1915-1919 the departments were arranged in the order of their accident severity. To make comparison of the two periods as easy as possible, in the 140 STATISTICS OF INDUSTRIAL ACCIDENTS portion of the table relating to 1920-1924 the departments are given the same order as for 1915-1919 and not according to their accident severity. The most striking feature of these tables is the constancy with which practically every department records lower rates in the second period. It should be noted that, in order to avoid the use of small decimals in this group of tables, the frequency and severity rates have been figured on the basis of 10,000,000 and 10,000 hours’ exposure, respectively. MACHINERY In the first period the electrical department suffered most severely from accidents. In the second period there is but one department with a lower severity rate. Evidently the high severity rate of the first period is not wholly typical. Since the group of the second period is much larger, it may be assumed that it more accurately reflects the relations of the departments. The highest accident frequency (158.7) of the first period is found in the fabricating department. In the second period the highest fre quency (114) appears in foundries. 13 .— Machinery as a cause of accident: Number of cases and accident frequency and severity rates, 1915 to 1919, and 1920 to 1924, by department T able Nutaber of cases Department and period Fullyear work ers Per ma nent Death dis abil ity Frequency rates (per 10,000,000 hours’ expo sure) Per Tem po ma rary nent Death dis Total dis abil abil ity ity Severity rates (per 10,000 hours’ exposure) Per Tem ma po rary nent Total Death dis dis abil abil ity ity Tem po rary dis Total abil ity 1915-1919 4,191 Electrical__________ Open hearths_____ 20, 525 Fabricating_______ 11,110 Bessemer__________ 5, 450 Blast furnaces____ 17, 621 Yards_____________ 9,819 Foundries_________ 10,222 Plate mills________ 14, 711 Tube mills________ 11, 621 Mechanical________ 24,752 Heavy rolling mills 27,123 Sheet m ills________ 5,920 Unclassified_______ 55,534 4.0 4.8 51.7 60.5 2.6 3.6 59.3 65.5 1.5 12.0 145.2 158.7 2.4 2.4 28.1 33.0 1.7 3.6 23.6 28.9 1.7 3.1 29.5 34.3 1.3 3.9 100.4 105.6 1.4 4.3 78.6 84.3 1.2 5.0 29.0 35.2 1.1 4.4 80.4 85.9 5.1 49.5 55.5 .9 4. 5 36.6 41.1 1.1 4.1 67.5 72.7 23. 86 15. 59 9.00 14.68 10. 22 10.18 7.83 8.16 7.10 6.46 5.16 18 6 65 76 403 22 365 484 529 40 46 54 4 19 125 153 87 9 101 308 324 12 347 19 372 17 98 119 33 597 638 42 403 452 8 65 73 68 1,125 1,211 2 24 6 3 11 5 6 7 8 12 16 7 22 8 90 100 36 533 593 21 485 512 9 119 131 187 23 221 12 116 133 49 1,215 1,270 18 220 245 53 416 477 61 793 866 35 556 505 44 339 390 851 49 922 .5 1.3 1.0 .5 .7 .8 .5 1.0 .4 .5 1.1 .5 .7 1.9 21.4 23.8 2.0 29.6 32.9 3.5 80.6 85.1 1.5 20.0 22.0 1.4 11.4 13.5 2.0 19.2 22.0 4.4 109.1 114.0 2.7 32.7 36.4 2.6 20.3 23.3 2.3 29.5 32.3 2.4 35.0 38.6 3.2 24.8 28.5 1.5 26.4 28.6 2.86 7.99 5.99 3.02 4.02 4. 97 3.23 6.24 2.34 2.68 6.66 3.07 4.10 5 16 5 4 9 5 4 6 4 8 7 6.44 2.12 6.74 1.28 3. 72 2.78 3.18 2. 65 3.99 3.17 4. 32 2. 70 6. 48 3.64 1.08 1. 54 2.81 .78 .58 .60 2.04 1.87 1. 20 1.53 1.23 .84 1.47 31.38 19.25 18. 55 16.74 14.52 13. 57 13. 05 12.68 12.29 11.16 10.71 3. 54 11. 59 1.64 1.83 3.53 1.53 1.16 1.83 2.56 1.23 1. 52 1.78 1. 39 2. 77 1.29 .51 .76 1. 75 .55 .29 .45 2.05 .84 .56 .58 .97 .65 .61 5.01 10.58 11. 27 5.10 5.47 7.25 7.84 8. 31 4.42 5.04 9.02 6.49 6.00 1920-1924 Electrical__________ Open hearths_____ Fabricating_______ Bessemer__________ Blast furnaces_____ Yards_____________ Foundries_________ Plate m ills________ Tube m ills. ............. Mechanical________ Heavy rolling mills Sheet m ills________ Unclassified............. 14,002 60,087 20,049 19,853 54, 773 20,118 37,129 22,428 68, 335 89,481 48,082 45, 618 107,317 141 ACCIDENT EXPERIENCE IN IRON AND STEEL INDUSTRY POWER VEHICLES As might be expected yards have the greatest accident severity (54.35 in 1915-1919 and 31.83 in 1920-1924) from power vehicles. In accident frequency also this is the leading accident cause (165.3 in 1915-1919 and 66.4 in 1920-1924). In the first period blast furnaces (18.96) stand next in severity while in the second period open hearths (7.24) occupy this position. It will be noticed that their rates are very much lower than those for yards. In fact, yards present a serious problem to any safety man. It has been noted elsewhere that in many cases motion is the element of hazard. A localized machine with its moving parts pre sents dangers. When to the machine is added a motion from place to place the dangers multiply. That the difficulties are not insoluble the records of the two periods strikingly indicate. 14 .— Power vehicles as a cause of accident: Number of cases and accident frequency and severity rates, 1915 to 1919 and 1920 to 1924} by department T able Frequency rates (per 10,000,000 hours’ expo sure) Number of cases Department and period Fullyear work ers Per ma nent Death dis abil ity Severity rates (per 10,000 hours’ exposure) Per Tem Per Tem po ma ma po rary nent rary Death nent Total Total Death dis dis dis dis abil abil abil abil ity ity ity ity Tem po rary Total dis abil ity 1915-1919 Yards_______ ______ Blast furnaces------Bessemer__________ Open hearths______ Heavy rolling mills Mechanical________ Tube mills ______ Electrical-. ______ Foundries _ _ Fabricating______ Plate mills________ Sheet mills________ Unclassified_______ 9,819 17,621 5,450 20,525 27,123 24, 752 11, 621 4,191 10, 222 11,110 14, 711 5,920 55, 534 20 15 3 8 6 2 24 3 5 16 7 2 2 443 131 41 178 48 48 7 7 21 13 20 487 149 49 202 61 52 9 7 21 13 20 6.8 2.8 1.8 1.3 .7 .3 14 7 192 213 .8 .4 11.5 20,118 54, 773 19,853 60, 087 48, 082 89, 481 68, 335 14,002 37,129 20,049 22,428 45,618 107,317 24 8 1 16 4 4 2 2 1 1 23 2 4.0 .5 .2 .9 .3 .2 .1 .5 .1 .2 1 13 4 8 401 160 68 300 71 99 58 14 79 32 12 65 332 3.8 .1 21 5 4 1 354 150 67 263 62 91 55 12 76 31 12 60 311 .1 .4 .3 .3 58. 7 9.1 11.3 14.6 4.3 3.4 2.7 2.9 6.8 5.2 1.8 4.4 9.7 8.1 150.4 165.3 24.8 28.2 .6 3.1 25.1 30.0 2.6 28.0 32.8 .9 7.5 5.9 .3 7.1 6.5 2.1 2.7 .6 5. 6 5. 6 6.8 6.8 3.9 3.9 4.5 4.5 40. 74 17.03 11. 00 7. 80 4. 42 1. 62 9.86 1.45 1.28 3. 21 1. 22 .86 .62 3.75 .48 1. 22 .76 .28 .28 . 18 . 16 . 12 . 10 .07 54. 35 18.96 13. 50 11. 77 5. 92 2. 76 .80 . 16 .12 .10 .07 12.7 5.04 1.17 .23 6. 44 66. 4 9.7 11.4 16.6 4.9 3.7 2.8 3.3 7.1 5.3 1.8 4.7 10.3 23.86 6. 33 2. 92 .16 1.01 5. 33 1.49" 1.66 .59 .89 .19 .59 .01 2. 86 .54 .05 1.00 1.64 .22 .34 .42 .12 .13 .07 .06 .15 . 14 .08 .08 .24 31.83 3. 30 1. 35 7.24 2. 37 1.21 .07 2.92 .74 1.14 .08 1.00 3.17 1920-1924 Yards_______ ______ Blast furnaces_____ Bessemer __ Open hearths- - __ Heavy rolling mills Mechanical Tube mills ______ Electrical___ ______ Foundries_________ F a b ric a tin g ...___ Plate mills________ Sheet mills________ Unclassified----------- 36904°— 29-------10 2 1.2 .4 .6 .6 .2 .44 2. 42 .48 .51 142 ST A TIST IC S OF IN D U S T R IA L A C C ID EN TS HOT SUBSTANCES Accidents due to hot metal and the electric current are character istic accidents of the iron and steel industry. It is, however, some what surprising that the electrical department has, in both periods, the second highest accident frequency (98.7 in 1915-1919 and 42.1 in 1920-1924). This is, of course, due to the instances where electricians handle live parts and get more or less severe burns. A comparison of the two periods indicates that the precautions which have come into use in the last five years have been very effective. 15 .— Hot substances as a cause of accident: Number of cases and accident frequency and severity rates} 1915 to 1919 and 1920 to 1924, by department T able Frequency rates (per 10,000,000 hours’ expo sure) Number of cases Department and period Fullyear work ers Per ma nent Death dis abil ity Tem Per po ma rary nent Total Death dis dis abil abil ity ity Severity rates (per 10,000 hours’ exposure) Tem Per- Tem po m a - 1 po rary nent! rary Total Total Death dis dis dis abil abil abil ity ity ity 1915-1919 Electrical.-.............. Bessemer_________ Blast furnaces____ Open hearths......... Foundries............... H eavy rolling mills Plate mills_____ Mechanical____ Tube mills_____ Fabricating____ Sheet m ills_____ Y a rds__________ Unclassified____ 4,191 5,450 17.621 20, 525 10, 222 27,123 14, 711 24, 752 11.621 11,110 5,920 9, 819 55, 534 4 6 13 14 3 6 2 3 1 1 8 1 5 3 3 4 119 114 418 764 167 236 160 181 53 40 39 51 632 124 120 436 781 170 245 162 184 54 41 39 51 .644 3.2 3.7 2.5 2.3 1.0 .7 .5 .4 .3 .3 174 165 576 894 440 245 116 382 302 78 300 68 628 177 168 610 916 442 248 118 391 305 81 301 68 645 .7 .5 1.8 1.1 .5 0.8 94.7 98.7 69.7 73.4 79.1 82.5 124.1 126.9 54.5 55.5 .4 29.0 30.1 36.3 36.8 24.4 24.8 15.7 16.0 12.0 12.3 22.0 22.0 17.3 17.3 .2 37.9 38.6 .9 .5 19.09 4.77 22.02 14.76 2.21" 13.64 .66 5.87 4. 42 .66 2. 72 2.42 1. 78 1. 80 2.88 .40 1.12 2.01 1. 57 2.35 1.15 .62 .42 .37 .40 .15 .28 .27 .66 24. 98 24. 03 18. 54 16. 65 7.02 5. 70 3.14 2. 79 2.18 1.95 .28 . 27 3.94 .7 .6 .8 .9 .6 .3 .3 .2 .3 .2 .3 .2 .3 4.9 3.7 12.3 7.8 .9 1.3 1.3 2.2 1.2 2.5 .8 .2 2.8 1920-1924 ‘Electrical................... Bessemer................... Blast furnaces_____ Open hearths........... Foundries_________ H eavy rolling mills Plate mills............... Mechanical________ Tube mills. ...........Fabricating............ Sheet m ills............. . Yards_______ ______ Unclassified............. 14,002 19,853 54,773 60,087 37,129 48,082 22,428 89,481 68, 335 20, 049 45,618 20,118 107,317 3 3 30 20 2 1 8 3 2 1 12 4 2 2 1 1 1 1 5 .1 .2 .3 .2 .3 .1 .4 .2 .1 .2 .1 .2 .0 .2 .2 41.4 27.7 35.0 49.6 39.5 17.0 17.2 14.2 14.7 13.0 22.0 11.3 19.5 42.1 28.2 37.1 50.8 39.7 17.2 17.5 14.6 14.9 13.5 22.0 11.3 20.0 4.3 3.0 11.0 6.7 .6 .2 .3 .1 .1 .2 .8 .9 1.8 .9 2.0 ” .~3~ .4 2.2 .3 FAILS OF PERSONS That the electrical department again heads the list in the first period in severity (11.21) of accidents due to falls of persons and is next to the highest (3.40) in the second period is due in part to inclusion of line men, whose duties call for work at a height from which a fall may easily occur. It is quite possible that some of these falls are charge able to electric shock. In the first period the electrical department also has the highest accident frequency (58.1), followed by open hearths (45.8). 143 ACCIDENT EXPERIENCE IN IRON AND STEEL INDUSTRY In the second period the highest accident frequency (28.0) is found in foundries; in the second period the highest severity rate (3.71) is in blast furnaces. 16 .— Falls of persons as a cause of accident: Number of cases and accident frequency and severity rates, 1915 to 1919 and 1920 to 1924, by department T able Frequency rates (per 10,000,000 hours’ expo sure) Number of cases Department and period Fullyear work ers Per ma nent Death dis abil ity Tem Per po ma rary nent Total Death dis dis abil abil ity ity Severity rates (per 10,000 hours’ exposure) Tem Per Tem po ma po rary nent rary Total Death dis dis dis abil abil abil ity ity ity 1915-1919 Electrical__________ Blast furnaces_____ Mechanical________ Foundries_________ Fabricating_______ Tube mills________ Bessemer__________ Open hearths______ Heavy rolling mills Plate mills__.......... .. Sheet mills________ Yards_____________ Unclassified_______ 4,191 17.621 24,752 10,222 11,110 11.621 5,450 20,525 27,123 14, 711 5,920 9,819 55,534 71 191 289 75 93 37 47 282 203 73 199 294 77 94 38 47 282 204 120 120 40 73 537 40 73 547 85 274 506 312 138 87 286 522 312 140 214 73 427 256 94 195 149 .8 .7 .3 .3 .3 .4 .2 56.5 36.1 38.9 24.5 27.9 10.9 28.7 45.8 24.9 27.2 22.5 24.8 32.2 58.1 37.7 39.6 25.1 28.2 11.2 28.7 45.8 25.0 27.2 22.5 24.8 32.8 20.2 1.6 20.7 17.4 19.5 28.0 23.3 10.4 12.3 23.7 17.8 14.0 14.3 24.7 21.7 9.54 4.54 4.04 1.96 1.80 1.78 2.52 1.67 .68 .20 .89 .30 .50 .35 1.36 1.04 .53 .41 .41 .38 .57 1920-1924 Electrical____ _____ Blast furnaces_____ Mechanical________ Foundries................ Fabricating________ Tube mills............... Bessemer— ........... Open hearths______ Heavy rolling mills Plate mills________ Sheet mills............... Yards______ _______ Unclassified............. 14,002 54,773 89,481 37,129 20,049 68,335 19,853 60,087 48,082 22,428 45, 618 20,118 107,317 212 73 419 253 92 193 148 684 .0 16.3 18.9 28.0 22.9 10.3 12.3 23.2 17.5 13.7 14.1 24.5 21.3 2.86 3.29 2.68 2.00 .59 2.00 .83 .99 2.24 .54 .36 .50 .39 .47 .26 .35 .50 .36 .23 .26 .45 .40 FALLING OBJECTS The high accident severity rate (8.61) for falling objects in the Bessemer department in the first period is, in part at least, associated with the feeding of scrap into the converting vessels. In the older types of construction this was done in a maimer permitting the material to fall rather frequently and endangering the men working below, but in recent construction this hazard has been largely over come. In the first period the highest accident frequency (78) is found in foundries. The same department also has the highest frequency (82.2) in the second period. This is one of the few cases in which the second period has a higher rate than the first. 144 STATISTICS OF INDUSTRIAL! ACCIDENTS 17.— Falling objects as a cause of accident: Number of cases and accident frequency and severity rates, 1915 to 1919 and 1920 to 1924, by department T a b le Frequency rates (per 10,000,000 hours’ expo sure) Number of cases Department and period Fullyear work ers Death Per ma nent dis abil ity Per Tem po ma rary nent Total Death dis dis abil abil ity ity Severity rates (per 10,000 hours’ exposure) Per Tem po ma rary nent Total Death dis dis abil abil ity ity Tem po rary dis Total abil ity 1915-1919 Open hearths--------Foundries_________ Blast furnaces......... Fabricating_______ Y ards_____________ Mechanical_______ Plate mills............... H eavy rolling mills Sheet mills............... Tube mills............... Electrical................. Unclassified_______ 5,450 20,525 10, 222 17, 621 11,110 65 351 235 185 192 9, 819 24, 752 14, 711 27,123 5,920 11, 621 4,191 55, 534 380 299 307 39 63 32 860 19,853 60,087 37,129 54, 773 20,049 20,118 89,481 22,428 48,082 45, 618 68,335 14,002 107, 317 167 622 912 291 255 146 626 262 389 213 460 70 790 102 361 239 190 197 104 384 302 316 40 64 32 875 1.2 1.1 .7 57.0 76.6 35.0 57.6 34.6 51.8 67.7 37.7 22.0 .39 ...... .5 42.2 58.6 78.0 36.0 59.1 35.2 52.4 68.4 38.8 22.6 18.6 25.5 51.6 18.9 25.5 52.5 28.0 34.5 81.9 17.7 42.4 24.2 23.2 38.9 27.0 15. 6 22.4 16.7 24.5 28.6 35.5 82.2 18.0 43.6 24.4 23.7 39.2 27.6 15.6 23.0 16.9 24.9 7. 34 0.37 6. 82 .24 3. 92 .20 4.54 . 14 1.80 .26 2. 04 .10 1. 62 .08 .75 .92 .17 .19 0.90 1.00 1.68 .82 .94 .80 .84 1.11 8.61 8.06 5.80 5.50 3.10 2.94 2.54 1. 86 .75 .72 .54 .53 1. 67 .89 .73 .53 1.63 3.65 1.47 1.33 4.08 .59 1. 43 2.40 .61 1920-1924 Open hearths--------Foundries_________ Blast furnaces_____ Fabricating----------Y a r d s ................ .. Mechanical.............. Plate mills________ Heavy rolling mills Sheet mills________ Tube mills________ Electrical__________ Unclassified_______ 170 640 915 296 262 147 637 264 398 214 472 71 1.01 .10 .73 .32 .17 .22 .52 .67 1.30 .38 2.00 1.20 .88 2.66 . 10 .67 1.78 1.12 .24 . 20' ’ .02 .13 .07 19 .49 .52 .62 .63 .33 .46 .32 .53 1. 66 .35 1.47 .39 1. 84 HANDLING It will be noted on inspecting Table 18 that the accidents recorded exhibit high frequency and relatively low severity. A moment’s reflection will make it clear that it is natural that in the manual movement of material minor injuries might occur. In the absence of severity rates this fact has been the cause of a somewhat erroneous view regarding the importance of this type of injury. It has been thought that the rapid reduction of this sort of cases represented a highly successful accident prevention effort. In some instances attention has been so completely directed to methods bringing about decline in frequency that, while it was going on, the severity of accidents was actually increasing. It is very clear that sufficient study should be devoted to those departments and causes where severity is high to bring about as large a reduction as circumstances will allow, as it is the accidents of high severity which are costly and disastrous. In all preceding tables, sheet mills have been well down the list. In the present cause group these mills are at the top in the first fieriod in accident frequency (220.7) and in accident severity (5.49). n the second period they occupy the same place in accident severity ACCIDENT EXPERIENCE IN IRON AND STEEL INDUSTRY 145 (3.83) and are next to the top in accident frequency (127.4). This arises in connection with the process of opening the packs of sheets. No way has been discovered to do this except by hand. The sheets have sharp and somewhat jagged edges on which the opener is often cut and lacerated. The striking decline from the first to the second period is evidence that care on the part of the worker will give results even in so distinctively a hand operation as this. 1 8 .— H andling objects and tools as a cause o f accident: N um ber of cases, and accident frequen cy and severity rates, 1915 to 1919, and 1920 to 1924, by department T a b le Number of cases Department and period Frequency rates (per 10,000,000 hours’ expo sure) Severity rates (per 10,000 hours’ exposure) Fullyear work ers Per Temma po- I nent Death dis abil abil ity ity d£r Total Per-1 TemPer m a -! poma nent rary nent Total Death Death dis- | disdis abil abil- abil ity ity ity Tem po rary Total dis abil ity 1915-1919 Sheet mills_____ Mechanical____ Foundries______ Tube mills_____ Blast furnaces. _ Open hearths... Yards................. ....... Heavy rolling mills Plate mills_____ Bessemer_______ Electrical............ Fabricating_____ Unclassified____ 5,920 24, 752 10, 222 11, 265 17, 621 20, 525 9,819 27,123 14,711 5,450 4,191 11,110 55, 534 392 380 L 064 1, 089 , 552 546 221 2.14 584 576 867 881 294 300 761 780 621 613 128 132 88 84 409 405 2,612 2,652 0.1 217.3 143.3 178.0 63.3 109.0 140.8 19.8 '3. 5 138.9 78.3 66.8 121.5 156.8 220.7 146.7 180.0 65.4 110.5 143.1 101.8 95.8 140.7 80.7 70.0 122.7 159.2 1. 0.81 2. 53 2.18 1 , 1.15 1.14 1.48 .97 .90 1.78 1. 47 .75 .73 1. 31 . 36 ! 1.39 3. 63 1.91 2. 21 1.13 1.41 1. 76 1. 1.36 1.74 1. 52 5.49 5.25 4.39 4.06 4.03 3. 63 3.36 2.83 2.49 2. 26 2.24 1 .’ 2. 24 2.00 3. 63 1920-1924 Sheet mills_____ 45, 618 Mechanical........ 89, 481 Foundries______ 37,129 Tube mills_____ 68, 335 Blast furnaces. . 54,773 Open hearths. 60, 087 Yards......... ......... 20,118 Heavy rolling mills 48,0s2 Plate mills......... 22, 428 Bessemer_______ 19,8o3 Electrical_______ 14,0u2 Fabricating_____ 20, 0*9 Unclassified____ 107, 317 1,743 1, 719 1,484 2,264 1, 005 700 1,240 371 855 446 364 158 551 2,046 V 2,246 973 683 1,195 358 827 433 351 154 538 2,022 1. 53 125. 61 127. 1.19i 53.98 55. 28 1. 62 201. 64 203. 26 1.32 47.46 49.02 .97 41.57 42. 60 2. 39 66.29 68. 79 1. 59. 32 61.48 1. 57. 33 59. 27. 1.93 64. 35 66. 28. 2.18 58. 93 61.11. .95 36. 66 37. 61 . 2.16 89. 45 91.61 . .65 62.80 63. 541 1. 32 .67 1.46 .37 .67 .99 .74 .74 .58 .43 1.32 1.11 .84 1. 60 .98 .29 2.12 .46 2.46 .80 .69 1.06 .98 .92 .90 .98 .52 1. 50 1.00 3.83 2.25 3.20 2.84 1. 49 3. 05 3.08 1. 76 2. 50 1. 96 .80 3. 62 2.02 MISCELLANEOUS CAUSES The causes grouped under the term “ miscellaneous” are so varied from department to department that the rates are not of very great significance. The high accident severity (14.03) in blast furnaces during the first period is due to asphyxiating gas, a hazard not found to any great extent in any other department. This department also leads in accident severity (5.15) during the second period. 146 STATISTICS OF INDUSTRIAL ACCIDENTS 19 .— Miscellaneous causes of accident: Number of cases and accident frequency and severity rates, 1915 to 1919 and 1920 to 1924, by department T able Frequency rates (per 10,000,000 hours’ expo sure) Number of cases Fullyear work ers Department and period Per ma nent Death dis abil ity Severity rates (per 10,000 hours’ exposure) Per Tem Per Tem ma po ma po nent rary nent rary Total Death dis Total Death dis dis dis abil abil abil abil ity ity ity ity Tem po rary Total dis abil ity 1915-1919 Blast furnaces_____ Y ards. ....................... Electrical__________ Tube mills________ Mechanical________ Plate mills________ H eavy rolling mills Fabricating_______ Open hearths........... Bessemer................ Foundries_________ Sheet mills___ Unclassified______ _ 17,621 9,819 4,191 11, 265 24, 752 14,711 27,123 11,110 20, 525 5, 450 10, 222 5,920 55, 534 3 11 4 4 1 2 2 2 7 , 2 3 ~’ T 1 2 1 2 1 3 1 10 11 414 400 185 177 88 89 113 117 540 m 288 286 331 327 301 298 452 449 90 91 263 266 130 129 997 1,018 0.52 .75 .48 ~~27~ .53 1.94 .61 .71 ".‘ 22" .53 .18 .61 .58 .58 1.10 .64 .79 .78 .17 1.20 .74 3.60 .97 14.03 12.09 5. 25 4.35 4.17 3.43 2.96 2.59 2.13 1.74 1. 57 1.37 5.30 .31 .45 .36 .35 .30 .44 .40 .51 .37 .38 .77 .43 .37 5.15 .75 1.93 1.74 1. 62 1.37 .84 .51 2.74 2.45 1.00 .89 3.54 12.49 8.15 4.77 3. 55 1.62 2. 72 2.21 1.80 .97 1.02 3.19 2.1 0.6 1.4 1.4 .8 .6 " W .3 .9 .5 .1 .4 .6 .3 .2 .4 .6 1.0 .6 .7 .6 75.7 60.1 70.0 33.4 72.7 64.8 40.2 89.4 72.9 55.0 85.8 72.6 59.8 78.4 62.9 70.8 34.6 73.9 65.3 40.7 90.3 73.5 55.6 86.8 73.2 61.1 .2 .2 .2 .3 .2 .2 .3 27.7 34.5 29.8 29.2 28.7 38.8 25.9 49.4 33. 7 32.9 88.7 41.9 28.0 4.75 .09 28.7 .30 34.6 30.2 ~~I.~43~ .14 29.7 1.17 .22 1.12 .20 29.0 .89 .04 39.6 26.2 .44 49.4 ’ ."§7" 34.3 ‘ W 33.8 1.01 1.06 88.9 .23 .44 .02 42.0 2.98 .19 28.8 1920-1924 Blast furnaces......... Yards............... .......... Electrical.................. Tube mills________ Mechanical________ Plate m ills............ .. H eavy rolling mills Fabricating_______ Open hearths______ Bessemer................... Foundries_________ Sheet mills________ Unclassified_______ ACCIDENT 54, 773 20,118 14,002 68,335 89, 481 22,428 48,082 20,049 60,087 19,853 37,129 45, 618 107,317 13 1 4 5 1 6 1 1 16 EXPERIENCE 3 1 1 6 4 1 4 4 4 2 1 9 455 208 125 599 770 261 374 297 608 196 988 573 902 OF 471 209 127 609 779 263 378 297 618 201 990 575 927 .8 .2 .2 .2 .2 .3 .2 .1 .5 .2 .7 .2 1 .3 . THE DEPARTMENTS CAUSE ANALYZED BY That the extremes of change may be shown, the tables in this section (Tables 20 to 34) consist of two 5-year periods separated by a 5-year interval. In order to give readily comparable rates they are computed on the basis of 10,000,000 hours’ exposure for frequency and 10,000 hours’ for severity. It is well to note in this connection that the severity rates are necessarily more irregular than the frequency rates. This is due to the fact that in frequency a case of injury counts as one unit, since in determining frequency rates the number of accidents is divided by the number of man-hours while in severity the same case, if a death, is rated at 6,000 units because each fatal accident is charged, under the standard time-allowance schedule, with 6,000 days7 lost time. In a number of the tables which follow it will be observed that for the first period rates for the causes which may be regarded as characteristic of the department are given, while those which the department shares with other industries are not separately given but are included under “ Unclassified.” This omission which makes comparison of the two 5-year periods difficult, is due to the fact that A C C ID E N T E X P E R IE N C E IN IR O N A N D S T E E L IN D U S T R Y 147 when the rates for the first period were compiled only the character istic causes were considered, and when at the close of the second period it seemed desirable to show all the primary cause groups it was not possible to go back and compute the missing items. BLAST FURNACES In 1910 the highest frequency rate (143) was for falling objects; in 1924 the highest (35.3) was for handling. In severity falls of persons was highest (34.3) in 1910 and hot substances (19.73) in 1924. T a b le 2 0 .— Accident frequency and severity rates for blast furnaces, 1910 to 1914 and 1920 to 1924, by year and accident cause Accident cause 1910 1911 1912 1913 1914 1920 1921 1922 1923 1924 Frequency rates (per 10,000,000 hours’ exposure) 21.6 19.7 113.2 78.7 143.0 108.3 138.0 38.3 2.3 132.7 33.7 55.3 94.3 65.0 23.0 6.0 89.3 53.0 66.7 74.3 103.0 28.0 4.0 86.6 26.0 62.3 56.3 40.3 57.4 43.0 31.7 43.0 65.7 17.6 13.7 50.0 23.1 21.9 61.2 41.7 7.2 8.7 30.2 17.9 14.3 41.4 26.5 10.1 8.1 32.6 12.7 16.6 27.9 27.9 12.2 9.1 34. 5 14.7 15. 6 37.1 20.9 15.2 6.8 30.2 15.8 18.7 35.3 20.5 Total.................................. .. 622.5 421.6 415.3 303.5 249.5 229.2 146.2 135.9 144.1 142.5 Machinery__________ _____ ____ Vehicles_______________________ Hot substances_______________ Falls of persons_______________ Falling objects________________ Handling ___................................ Unclassified___________________ 8.7 Severity rates (per 10,000 hours’ exposure) Machinery................... ................. Vehicles____ ___________ ______ Hot substances______________ Falls of persons_______________ Falling objects__________ _____ _ Handling______________________ Unclassified-. _______________ Total___________________ 1.3 5.3 2.0 34.3 1.7 3.3 20.3 0.6 16.0 20.3 1.0 2.7 1.3 16.7 2.0 14.0 0.3 .6 .7 .7 1.3 14.3 4.3 14.0 .3 2.3 14.0 4.6 1.0 .7 2.3 39.0 3.31 2.12 11.87 .31 1.08 1.56 3.00 1.10 .11 18.08 13.38 .28 .88 5. 68 7.11 4. 55 9.41 2.80 .37 .83 2.81 7.60 7.14 4.76 3. 79 .43 1.14 7.01 8.04 2.05 19.73 2.32 4.35 2.82 7.76 68.2 56.6 19.6 48.9 47.9 23. 25 39. 51 27. 88 31. 87 47.07 BESSEMER CONVERTERS The exposure available for Bessemer converters is not so large as could be desired. In general it is not considered good practice to compute rates unless the number of w rorkers is 1,000 or more, but an exception has been made in the case of the Bessemer department because it is still an important steel-making process. In both 1910 and 1924 the highest accident frequency is found to be due to handling (136 and 34.4, respectively). In severity hot substances are highest in 1910 and falling objects (5.32) in 1924. 148 STATISTICS OF INDUSTRIAL ACCIDENTS T a b le 21 .— Accident frequency and severity rates for Bessemer converters, 1910 to 1914 and 1920 to 1924, by year and accident cause Accident cause 1910 1912 1911 1913 1914 1920 1921 1922 1923 1924 Frequency rates (per 10,000,000 hours’ exposure) Machinery_______________ 81.0 Vehicles. ____ _______________ 51.0 H ot substances_______________ 106.0 Falls of p e rso n s................... .. . 0) Falling objects____ ___________ 0) Handling______________________ 136.0 _ _ ______ 463.0 _ U n c la ssifie d .._ 45.0 ?5.0 70.0 0) 0) 65.0 259.0 25.0 30.0 140.0 0) 0 21.0 334.0 42.0 15.0 91.0 0) 0) 65.0 206.0 69.0 0) (i) 17.0 98.0 38.6 14.7 36.7 17.3 35.2 99.9 64.4 16.9 15.6 27.1 11.6 30.9 66.9 36.2 9.1 4. 5 27.2 6.4 17.3 40.0 29.1 18. 5 14.8 30.3 16.3 34.8 65.2 17.8 16.3 7.3 17.1 7. 2 22.0 34.3 17.2 837.0 464.0 550.0 419.0 219.0 302.1 205.2 133.6 197.7 121.5 T o t a l ... ______________ _ 35.0 Severity rates (per 10,000 hours' exposure) Machinery___________ ________ Vehicles _______ _______________ Hot substances_______________ Falls of p e r s o n s .-.____ Falling objects___ __ _ Handling _ _ _ _____________ Unclassified__________ ________ 2.0 1.0 61.0 0) 0) 2.0 37.0 1.0 1.0 2.0 0 (i) 14.0 3.0 1.0 1.0 2.0 0) 0) .3 8.7 1.0 27.0 2.0 0) (!) 1.0 3.0 2.0 0) 0) 5.0 46.0 6.19 .41 4.69 .35 .65 2.47 1.70 8.09 .38 .64 .39 .48 1.75 1. 61 0. 22 . 13 .67 . 17 . 52 1.72 .40 9.14 4.97 9. 57 .59 . 94 2.38 3.03 1. 79 . 24 .42 . 19 5. 32 1. 22 5.09 Total_____________ ______ 103.0 21.0 13.0 34.0 59.0 16.46 13. 34 3.83 30.62 14. 27 6.0 1 N ot separately shown; included in “ Unclassified.” OPEN-HEARTH FURNACES In the first period the greatest accident frequency (133) in openhearth furnaces is found in hot substances in 1911 while hot substances leads in severity (23) in 1914. In the second period frequency is highest in handling (99) and severity in machinery (15.37), both in 1920. Frequency shows a very marked decline from period to period, while severity is irregular with only a slight tendency downward. T able 22.— Accident frequency and severity rates for open-hearth furnaces, 1910 to 1914 and 1920 to 1924, by year and accident cause Accident cause 1910 1911 1912 1913 1914 j 1920 1921 1922 1923 1924 Frequency rates (per 10,000,000 hours’ exposure) M ach in ery.................................... 86.0 Vehicles . . .................................. 28.0 Hot substances.______________ 122.0 Falls of persons.......... ................. 0) Falling objects ----------------------0) Handling.................. ..................... 111.0 292.0 Unclassified............................... 70.0 27.0 133.0 0) 0) 82.0 198.0 61.0 42.0 127.0 0) 0) 84.0 209.0 44.0 49.0 110.0 0) 0) 77.0 225.0 47.0 8 .0 83.0 0) 0) 75.0 169.0 49.6 28.0 72.1 27.8 41.0 99.0 51.7 26.0 15,0 50.2 28.] 42.7 87.9 43.2 25.9 13.3 39.8 21.4 37.5 57.8 30.5 33. 5‘ 13.6 47.1 21.7 29.7 47.6 26.7 23.2 10.1 43.4 23.2 33.1 59.8 21.4 639.0 510.0 523.0 505.0 382.0 369.2 293.1 226.2 219.9 214.2 Total___________________ Severity rate (per 10,000 hours’ exposure) Machinery......................... ........... Vehicles.......................................... Hot substances_______________ Falls of persons............................ Falling objects ............................. H and ling...................................... U nclassified................................. 19.3 11.0 3.0 0) 0) 3.0 13.7 10.0 10.0 3.0 0) 0) 1.0 3.0 2.0 12.0 9.0 0) 0) 1.0 10.0 1.0 17.0 18.0 0) 0) 1.0 44.0 1.0 4.0 23.0 0) (0 2.0 3.0 15.37 11.15 8.62 1.75 5.66 3 76 3.55 3.40 2.90 5.62 .50 .73 5.43 5.11 6. 62 2.41 7.56 .38 2. 59 1. 30 .90 13.28 11.08 9.49 5.03 4.07 2. 21 3.89 10.87 5.24 6.48 4.59 2.63 3.05 .26 Total.................................... 50.0 27.0 34.0 81.0 33.0 49.86 23. 69 21. 76 49.05 33.12 1Not separately show included in “ U classified n; n .*** ACCIDENT EXPERIENCE IN IRON AND STEEL INDUSTRY 149 FOUNDRIES The foundries show on the whole high accident frequency and moderate accident severity. The downward trend is not clearly traceable, although a different presentation indicates that there was such a trend, though not very pronounced. The irregular character of the rates in this department is illustrated when it is noticed that the highest frequency (251.6) occurs in han dling in 1923 of the second period, while the highest severity (57) is in machinery in 1912 of the first period. The failure of the foundries to make a significant change for the better is disappointing, since some large concerns have done excellent safety work with marked success. T a b le 3 3 .— Accident frequency and severity rates for foundries , 1910 to 1914 and 1920 to 1924 , by y e®r and accident cause Accident cause 1910 1911 1912 1913 1914 1920 1921 1922 | 1923 J 1924 Frequency rates (per 10,000,000 hours* exposure) 84.0 Machinery................................. . . 131.0 3.0 Vehicles.......................................... Hot substances...................... . . 118.0 " o i.'o " Falls of persons............................ 0) 0) Falling objects........................... 0) 0) H a n d lin g .............................. ....... 165.0 206.0 Unclassified................................... 320.0 236.0 Total.................................... 737.0 617.0 183.0 3.0 79.0 74.0 7.0 81.0 108.0 205.0 275.0 145.0 191.0 120.0 260.0 116.6 6.0 38.4 23.0 80.6 195.1 94.5 0) 0) 0) 0) 0) 0) 745.0 498.0 428.0 554.2 6.0 34.0 98.1 7.0 20.5 27.5 53.7 151.3 84.1 123.8 7.6 48.4 32.7 118.6 236.2 109.1 62.4 10.0 45.4 33.6 79.7 251.6 112.2 442.2 676.4 594.9 84.1 5.0 38.8 23.9 69.9 151.8 111.3 484.8 Severity rates (per 10,000 hours’ exposure) Machinery---------------------- -------Vehicles_______________________ Hot substances.......................... .. Falls fp erso n s ___ ______ . . . Falling objects.............. ............... Handling ____________ _____ Unclassified ________ _____ ____ Total____________________ 1.0 6.0 0) 0) 6.0 33.0 0) 0) 0) 0) 4.0 3.0 1.0 .3 1.0 0) 0) 7.0 .7 12.0 72.0 66.0 35.0 10.0 3.0 32.0 57.0 1.0 2.0 1.0 4.0 27.0 0) 0) 2.0 3.0 8.83 .24 1.27 .26 1.22 2. 74 1. 55 2. 73 4.50 1.63 .34 1.18 3.10 .81 9.10 .23 .60 .62 1. 73 3.26 .94 10.66 .22 .70 .44 1.10 4. 56 1.05 4.96 .07 .62 .28 2.19 2. 03 1.17 16.11 14.29 14.48 18. 73 11.32 1 N ot separately shown; included in “ Unclassified.” HEAVY ROILING MILLS In Table 24 there is a very conspicuous decline in frequency in the second period and a less marked decline in severity. The highest frequency (82) appears in machinery in 1911 and the highest severity (14) is also in machinery in 1910 and in hot sub stances in 1913. 150 STATISTICS O F IN D U S T R IA L A C C ID E N T S 24 .— Accident frequency and severity rates for heavy rolling mills, 1910 to T able 1914 and 1920 to 1924, by year and accident cause Accident cause 1910 1911 Machinery. ______ ___________ Vehicles_______________________ Hot substances_______________ Falls of persons_______________ Falling objects________________ Handling____ . . . . . . . . . Unclassified. . _________ 75.0 13.0 40.0 C) 1 0) 0) 343. 0 82.0 10.0 34.0 0) 0) 0) 339.0 56.0 11.0 37.0 0) 0) 0) 339.0 51.0 11.0 30.0 0) 0) 0) 240.0 45.0 3.0 25.0 (0 0) 0) 118.0 44.8 7.4 25.9 22.3 33.1 89.7 37.8 36.1 3.4 15.4 16.8 23. 7 60.9 21.4 34.4 3.8 12.6 13.2 30.6 45.9 23.6 33.9 5.0 15.1 15.4 21.2 42.0 18.8 40.6 3.0 11.0 18.9 24.9 38.8 21.4 Total___________________ 471. 0 465.0 443.0 332.0 191.0 261.0 177. 7 203.5 151.4 158.6 1912 1913 1914 1920 1921 1922 1923 1924 Frequency rates (per 1.0,000,000 hours’ exposure) Severity rates (per 10,000 hours’ exposure) 14. 0 1.0 5.0 0 0) 0) 23.0 12.0 .3 6.0 (0 (0 0) 20.7 2.0 1.0 6.0 0) 0) 0) 7.0 1.0 .3 14.0 (0 0) 0) 4.7 2.0 1 1.0 8.0 0) 0) 0) 4.0 Total____________________ j -13.0 39.0 16.0 20.0 15.0 Machinery. ------------------------V e h i c l e s . . ________ . . . . . Hot substances________ . . . _ Falls of persons____________ Falling objects_______ _ ____ Handling______________________ Unclassified.. _______________ 1 9. 09 .51 1.82 1. 79 2.10 1.68 .45 6. 87 1.17 .38 .45 .92 2. 01 .29 7. 30 4. 27 2. 37 2. 44 1.16 1. 63 1.18 8. 91 3. 71 .92 .38 2. 52 1.93 1.74 13. 52 2.87 .15 .29 .94 1.56 .46 17. 44 12. 09 20. 35 20.11 19.79 1 N ot separately shown; included in “ Unclassified.” PLATE MILLS Plate mills are among the most regular in declining accident rates of any department covered by this study. Machinery in 1910 has the highest accident frequency (164) and the same cause has the highest accident severity (34) in the same year. Table 25 illustrates again rather forcibly that frequency rates are not a complete indication regarding the places where accident pre vention may be profitably applied. If in the second period frequency alone be considered, it would appear that in every year of the period except 1924 accidents due to handling should have the major share of attention. Turning to severity, however, it will be found that from that standpoint only in 1922 is handling of param ount importance. T able 25 .— Accident frequency and severity rates for plate mills, 1910 to 1914 and 1920 to 1924, by year and accident cause 1912 j 1913 1914 Accident cause 1910 1911 1920 1921 | 1922 Machinery____________________ Vehicles_______________________ Hot substances_______________ Falls of persons_______________ Falling objects________________ Handling______________________ Unclassified___________________ 164.0 18.0 53.0 0) 0) 0) 491.0 120.0 12.0 47.0 0) 0) 0) 450.0 135.0 18.0 55.0 0) 0) 0) 552.0 93.0 17.0 55.0 0) 0) 0) 434.0 49.0 2.0 24„0 0) 0) 0) 220.0 49.3 1.6 23.0 16.1 40.8 101.0 68.4 31.9 2.2 15.4 11.0 27.5 87.6 39.5 35.4 1.6 24.4 15.0 53.5 62.1 40.1 27.5 3.4 11.0 8.9 33.7 41.2 9.6 82.0 Total.................................... 726.0 629.0 760.0 599.0 295.0 300.2 215.1 232.1 135.3 163.2 1923 1924 Frequency rates (per 10,000,000 hours’ exposure) 12.0 17.6 38.4 34.4 28.8 Severity rates (per 10,000 hours’ exposure) Machinery........... - ........................ Vehicles. ____ _ _________ Hot substances.. ____________ Falls of persons_______________ Falling objects________________ Handling______________________ Unclassified.. . ______________ 34.0 15.0 1.0 0) 0) 0) 11.0 2.0 .3 1.0 0) (9 0) 10.7 8.0 .3 1.0 0) 0) 0) 21.7 17.0 14.0 1.0 0) 0) 0) 6.0 18. 83 .01 3. 77 .21 .56 1.12 3. 76 1. 52 .02 .19 .11 6. 82 3. 77 .70 1. 66 .20 .54 .33 .82 2.36 .44 5. 35 .16 .20 4. 72 .64 3.58 .23 8.08 .3 0) 0) 0) 5.4 Total____________________ 61.0 14.0 31.0 38.0 7.0 28.26 13.13 6. 35 14.88 17.63 1 N ot separately shown; included in “ Unclassified.” 1.3 .39 .42 5. 57 2.49 .68 ACCIDENT EXPERIENCE IN IRON AND STEEL INDUSTRY 151 SHEET MILLS It was found in an earlier study1 of sheet mills that, in the 5-year period ending in 1914 the hot-mill crews had rising accident rates both in frequency and severity. While Table 26 does not go into details as did the table in the earlier study, the rates shown for machin ery and handling give an approximate idea of what is happening among hot-mill workers. An examination of these groups in the second 5-year period will show somewhat lower rates and a tendency to decline. Since neither the machines nor the handling operations have been materially modified, in the second period as compared with the first, this improvement must be largely due to greater skill and care on the part of the workers. The highest frequency (186) is found in handling in 1912 and the highest severity (11) in machinery in 1911. T able 2 6 .— Accident frequency and severity rates for sheet mills, 1910 to 1914 and 1920 to 1924, by year and accident cause Accident cause 1910 1911 1912 1913 1914 1920 1921 1922 1923 1924 Frequency rates (per 10,000,000 hours’ exposure) M achinery............................... .. Vehicles.......................... ............... Hot substances_______________ Falls of persons_______________ Falling objects_______ ________ Handling............ ................. ......... Unclassified............... ................... 43.0 0) 16.0 0) 0) 147.0 135.0 64.0 0) 15.0 0) 0) 103.0 181.0 59.0 (0 25.0 0) 0) 186. 0 305.0 T otal.............. ..................... 341.0 363. 0 491.0 , 66.0 0) 10.0 0) 0) 125.0 256.0 61.0 0) 21.0 0) 0) 61.0 166.0 32.0 3.1 28.3 13.3 14.2 158.7 59.5 29.2 3.9 23.5 15.2 18.4 154.9 54.0 34.0 8.7 30.4 24.6 29.3 179.6 55.0 29.9 4.1 15.3 10.5 14.6 85.8 27.1 15.6 4.0 11.8 7.8 7.8 57.3 13.4 381.0 309.0 309.3 299.1 361.6 187.3 117.1 Severity rates (per 10,000 hours’ exposure) Machinery___________ ________ Vehicles____________ __________ Hot substances_______________ Falls of persons_______________ Falling objects_____ __________ Handling________________ Unclassified._________________ 4.0 0) .3 0) 0) 2.0 40.7 11.0 0) .3 C) 1 0) 1.0 35.7 5.0 0) .3 0) 0) 2.0 12.7 8.0 0) .3 C) 1 0) 2.0 13. 7 2.0 0) .3 0) 0) 1.0 15.7 5.58 2.08 .31 .27 .14 4. 30 .44 8.09 .06 .23 2.90 .39 2.98 3. 23 4.99 .19 2.64 .33 1.07 5. 43 .62 8.24 2.18 .32 .17 .39 3.56 .30 5.74 .08 .29 2.56 .23 2. 50 .32 Total___________________ 47.0 48.0 20.0 24.0 19.0 13.12 17. 88 15. 27 15.16 11. 72 1 N ot separately shown; included in “ Unclassified. ” TUBE MILLS While accident frequency rates in tube mills were very high in the early part of the first 5-year period, a very rapid decline occurred before the close of that period and continued to 1924. A decline in accident severity in the first 5-year period is not easily observable and in the second period the irregularities obscure the trend, but if a 12-month moving average be computed a downward trend will be indicated. When the two periods are considered in comparison it will be evident that a remarkable reduction of both frequency and severity has taken place. Accident frequency (150) was highest in 1910 in machinery, while accident severity (28) was highest in 1912 in machinery. i U . S. Bureau of Labor Statistics Bui. N o. 298, p. 81. 152 STATISTICS OF INDUSTRIAL ACCIDENTS T able 27.— Accident frequency and severity rates for tube mills, 1910 to 1914 and 1920 to 1924, by year and accident cause Accident cause 1910 1911 1912 1914 1920 1921 1922 1923 1924 Frequency rates (per 1 0 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0 hours’ exposure) M achinery......... . Vehicles________ Hot substances.. Falls of persons.. Falling objects... Handling_______ Unclassified____ 150.0 89.0 52.0 20.0 82.0 0) 0) 0) 522.0 50.0 (0 0) 0) 422.0 16.0 0) 0) 0) 194.0 17.0 0) 0) 0) 114.0 33.8 3.6 23.5 10.1 20.0 73.9 48.6 23.9 1.6 17.1 9.3 23.3 48.7 39.4 21.2 4.6 17.7 15.0 27.2 50.9 35.7 26.0 2.6 11.6 10.3 27.8 46.6 18.4 11.1 1.0 5.5 7.0 17.0 25.5 12.0 762.0 Total.. 149.0 60.0 0) 0) 0) 552.0 753.0 561.0 262.0 151.0 213.5 163.3 172.3 143.3 79.1 6.55 3.40 1. 53 1.60 Severity rates (per 10,000 hours’ exposure) 18.0 1.0 0) .3 0) 8 9.0 0) 7.7 18.0 Total.. 2.3 1.0 0) Machinery_____ V eh icles.............. Hot substances.. Falls of persons.. Falling objects. _ Handling_______ Unclassified____ 8 4 .7 1.0 0) 0) 0) 28.7 0) 0) 0) 8.0 4.09 2.75 1. 76 1. 53 1.79 1.47 1.76 11.0 33.0 31.0 10.0 15.15 1.3 2.0 4. 51 .09 2.80 .22 .58 3. 34 1.23 3.53 .14 .49 .41 .51 3.38 4.10 .75 .13 .17 3.06 2.83 1.43 12.77 11.12 15.50 11.04 2. 66 .02 i Not separately shown; included in “ Unclassified.” FABRICATING SHOPS Machines, including cranes and hoists, are the important elements of hazards in these plants. Accident frequency reaches the top record (373) for machinery in 1912 and drops to 51.4 in 1924; the percentage of decline is 86.2. Accident severity goes from 43 in 1910 to 8.68 in 1924, a drop of 79.8 per cent. T able 28 .— Accident frequency and severity rates for fabricaiing shops, 1910 to 1914 and 1920 to 1924, by year and accident cause Accident cause 1910 1912 j 1913 1911 1914 1920 1921 1922 1923 1924 Frequency rates (per 10,000,000 hours’ exposure) M achinery......... ........................... 293.0 Vehicles................................... .. 0 21.0 H ot substances............................ Falls of persons............................ 0) Falling objects.......... ............. .. 0) Handling______________ _______ 0) U n classified ................................ 633. 0 T o ta l...........- ------------------ 947. 0 292.0 0) 26.0 0) 0) 0) 673. 0 373.0 0) 35.0 0) 0) 0) 640.0 357.0 0) 29.0 0) 0) 0) 550.0 991.0 1,048.0 | 966. 0 220.0 116.2 7.8 0) 11.0 20.5 24.9 0) 56.6 0) 140.2 0) 430. 0 ! 96.0 061. 0 462.2 84.9 4.8 10.9 18.4 49.2 98. 3 47.9 92.6 3.9 10.4 24.6 44.4 88.9 67.1 77.2 6.0 12.7 19.5 36.0 74.9 16.5 51.4 3.5 10.5 26.6 33.8 57.2 21.9 314.4 331.9 242.8 204.9 Severity rates (per 10,000 hours’ exposure) M achinery____________________ Vehicles___ __ _ _ ___________ Hot substances Falls of persons _. _ . .......... Falling objects________________ Handling________________ _____ Unclassified________ _______ Total___________________ 5.0 I1 ) 0.3 0) 0) 0) 18.0 18.0 C) 1 0) 0) 0) 7.0 33. 0 0) 1.0 0) o 0) 24.0 25.0 58.0 23.3 43.0 0) 18.0 0) 0) 0) 0) 31.0 74.0 1 N ot separately shown; included in “ Unclassified ” 0) 0) 0) 8.0 11.94 .11 4. 58 .35 .94 2. 96 .81 17.80 .28 2. 33 .16 1.54 2.81 .47 13.68 .09 . 15 .57 6.41 2. 98 .74 7.39 4. 62 .28 .35 7.25 4. 74 .20 8.68 .14 4.34 9. 25 3.85 4.34 .34 26.0 21. 69 25. 39 24. 62 24.83 30.94 ACCIDEN T EXPERIENCE IN IRON AND STEEL IN D U STRY 153 MECHANICAL DEPARTMENT Machinery is naturally a more important hazard in the mechanical department than in most of the other departments. While frequency of machine accidents declines, the rate going from 140 in 1910 to 19.3 in 1924, the severity of such accidents seems rather to increase. However, the general frequency and severity are decidedly lower in the second period than in the first. In the second period accidents due to handling are the most frequent in each of the five years. The severity rates are on the whole highest for machinery, followed by those due to falls of persons. T able 29 .— Accident frequency and severity rates for mechanical departments, 1910 to 1914 and 1920 to 1924, by year and accident cause Accident cause 1910 1911 1912 1913 1914 1920 1921 1922 1923 1924 Frequency rates (per 10,000,000 hours’ exposure) M achinery.. . ____ ___________ 140.0 Vehicles_______________________ 0) 33.0 H ot substances_______________ Falls of persons______________ 0) Falling objects_________ ______ 0) Handling_____________ _______ _ 0) Unclassified....... ........................... 442.0 125.0 0) 50.0 0) 0) 0) 311.0 101.0 0) 30.0 0) 0) 0) 279.0 51.0 0) 35.0 0) 0) 0) 282.0 64.0 0) 18.0 0) 0) 0) 273.0 54.0 4.8 24.8 27.3 34.1 95.5 53.1 36.2 2.9 15.0 20.6 30.1 65.8 34.5 24.9 3.6 11.4 20.2 21.3 50.0 26.9 20.3 3.9 10.5 14.2 14.6 34.0 16.5 19.3 2.5 8.4 13.2 16.8 23.6 16.3 615.0 486.0 410.0 368.0 355.0 93.6 205.1 158.3 114.0 100.1 T o ta l..................... ............. Severity rates (per 10,000 hours’ exposure) Machinery_____ _______________ Vehicles. __ .................................. Hot substances_______________ Falls of persons____ __________ Falling objects________________ Handling______________________ Unclassified....... ....................... .. Total _ 3.0 0) .3 0) 0) 0) 40.0 3.0 0) .3 0) 0) (l) 27.0 4.0 0) .3 0) 0) 0) 16.0 2.0 0) 10.0 0) 0) (0 25.0 7.0 0) .3 0) 0) 0) 6.0 5. 73 1.04 2. 99 5.08 .75 2.12 .35 3. 41 .12 .23 4. 51 1.51 1. 69 .76 4.04 3. 70 2.44 .79 .55 4. 70 2. 48 5.89 1.39 2.40 1. 52 2. 67 2. 36 4.66 5. 49 .20 2. 27 3.78 1. 52 .79 .56 45. 3 30.3 20.3 37.0 13.3 18.06 12. 23 18. 70 20.89 14.61 i N ot separately shown; included with “ Unclassified.” YARDS The interest as to yards centers around the experience with power vehicles. The frequency rates of such accidents go from 123 in 1910 to 41.9 in 1924. This would be an excellent record if severity were not considered. In 1910 severity of vehicular accidents was 26 and in 1924 it was 37.03. In four of the five years the second period records higher severity rates than corresponding years of the first period. It is a well-recognized fact that the hazards of power-vehicle oper ation are difficult to combat. The steel mills have always had the dangers arising from the steam locomotive, both standard gauge where the railways enter for bringing raw material and narrow gauge for intraplant transportation. In recent years there has been an increased use of motor trucks, thus transferring to new localities the hazard of such moving bodies. Whether this has influenced the severity rates it is not possible to determine from the available data. The severity rates for machinery are, in general, next to those for vehicles. 154 STATISTICS OF INDUSTRIAL ACCIDENTS T a b le 30.— Accident frequency and severity rates for yards, 1910 to 1914 and 1920 to 1924j by year and accident cause 1910 Accident cause 1911 1912 1913 1914 1920 1921 1922 1923 1924 Frequency rates (per 10,000,000 hours’ exposure) T o ta l................... - 23.0 123.0 19.0 0) 109.0 (0 209.0 18.0 79.0 17.0 0) 83.0 0) 166.0 40.0 112.0 14.0 0) 67.0 0) 172.0 22.0 67.0 11.0 0) 36.0 0) 104.0 17.0 74.0 5.0 0) 27.0 0) 118.0 19.0 88.9 16.5 21.5 17.5 70.4 46.9 23.0 69.5 15.0 27.1 31.3 94.9 36.2 17.7 40i8 2.6 14.2 18.6 40.8 19.5 31.7 73.6 9.2 36.8 37.8 50.1 33.7 21.6 41.9 8.8 28.9 24.8 44.0 25.7 483.0 M achinery____________________ Vehicles.-- __ ______ TTnt, snhst.a nr.p.s Falls of persons __ Falling objects__________ - _ Handling ________ Unclassified___________ ______ 363.0 405.0 240.0 241.0 280.7 297.0 154.2 272.9 195.7 Severity rates (per 10,000 hours’ exposure) T o t a l___________ _____ 1.0 26.0 1.0 0) 1.0 0) 6.0 1.0 27.0 .3 0) 2.0 0) 4.0 14.0 11.0 .3 0) 3.0 0) 2.0 0.3 4.0 2.0 3.0 0) 1.0 0) 2.0 35.0 Machinery_____ _______________ Vehicles_______________________ Hot substances. Falls of persons____ _____ _____ Falling objects_______ _ _ H a n d lin g __________ _____ __ _ Unclassified_____ _____ ________ 34.3 30.3 7.3 0) 1.0 0) 19.0 0. 51 37. 33 .22 .38 .36 2.83 .44 11.24 22. 31 .24 .57 .56 2.11 2. 23 11.59 22.29 .05 5. 68 .49 6. 37 .24 11.13 35.20 . 14 .56 . 72 2. 70 .45 8.17 37. 03 .22 .45 1.13 1.07 .76 25.0 42.07 40. 26 46. 71 50.90 48.83 1 N ot separately shown; included in “ Unclassified.” MISCELLANEOUS ROLLING MILLS The group of miscellaneous rolling mills is of interest because it contains a large number of hand-operated mills and may be regarded as giving a fair idea of the experience of such mills. The records cover only the last 5-year period. In that period there has been a marked decline in accident frequency and a definite downward trend in accident severity. T able 31. — Accident frequency and severity rates for miscellaneous rolling mills, 1920 to 1924, by year and accident cause Accident cause 1920 1921 1922 1923 1924 Frequency rates (per 10,000,000 hours’ exposure) Machinery_____________________________________________ Vehicles------------------------------------------------------------------------Hot substances________________________________________ Falls of persons________________________________________ Falling objects_________________________________________ Handling_______________________________________________ U n c la s s ifie d ..._____________ ______ ___________________ 64.5 5.0 44.1 22.5 31.5 124.0 31.9 54.5 5.6 28.6 16.0 31.4 94.8 30.0 39.7 6.0 27.2 7.8 41.9 49.7 27.6 44.4 2.8 18.0 15.6 27.1 60.4 22.9 29.1 2.9 22.6 16.0 34.3 58.5 18.2 Total.............................................. ................................... 323.5 260.9 199.9 191.2 181.6 Severity rates (per 10,000 hours’ exposure) Machinery................................................................................... Vehicles------------------------------------------ ----------------------------H ot substances........................ ............... ................. ............... Falls of persons................ „....................................................... Falling objects........ ................................................................... Handling.................. ................................... ....................... ....... Unclassified................................................................................. 3.62 2.26 3.65 1.83 3.17 2.71 .46 4.02 .18 .51 .20 .67 3.03 .52 3.39 2.82 4.87 2.83 .97 1.35 .39 4.97 .04 .37 .40 2.61 2.62 .55 7.97 .14 .53 .29 .86 1.36 .34 Total.................................................................................. 17.70 9.13 16.62 11.56 11.49 155 ACCIDENT EXPERIENCE IN IRON AND STEEL IN D U STRY ELECTRICAL DEPARTMENT In the electrical department during the five years 1920 to 1924 accident frequency declined but accident severity increased. Since the same condition is found in the large group in which causes were not recorded, it seems necessary to conclude that safety effort in this department has not been so successful as in others. Two observations are pertinent to the situation: 1. When there is a marked decline in accident frequency it is very easy to regard this as a true index and to overlook the fact that accident severity is rising; 2. The use of electricity has been increasing enormously and it may well be that this increase has outrun the precautions taken to render its use safe. T able 32 .— Accident frequency and severity rates for the electrical department, 1920 to 1924, by year and accident cause 1920 1921 1922 1923 1924 Accident cause Frequency rates (per 10,000,000 hours' exposure) M achinery____ Vehicles_______ Hot substances. Falls of persons. Falling objects.. Handling______ Unclassified___ 14.5 5.8 72.6 42.5 27.0 80. 2 42.6 23.9 2.6 38.8 ^9.5 17.4 49. 5 52.4 27.6 1.3 40.7 26.3 18.4 14.4 18.4 25.7 6.1 24.4 28.1 9.8 24.4 19.6 26.2 17.8 9.5 8.4 16.7 Total____ 284. 2 214.1 147.1 138.1 91.7 13.1 Severity rates (per 10,000 hours’ exposure) Machinery_____ Vehicles________ Hot substances . Falls of persons. Falling objects.. Handling______ Unclassified___ 1.48 5.85 .85 5.78 .77 1.64 .31 Total____ 1 0.37 .01 8.64 .48 .26 .57 1.53 2.82 7.88 .56 .71 .41 .21 .19 2.30 .20 7.89 8. 55 .15 .82 .34 11.98 7.00 7.82 .65 .25 .49 .41 16.68 11.86 12. 78 20. 25 28.60 WIRE-DRAWING Only the experience of the last 5-year period is available for the wire drawing department. The record shows that accident fre quency declined to a considerable degree while accident severity was pretty nearly the same in three of the years, going up sharply in the other two. In 1921 there were serious accidents in the handling of material, while in 1923 machinery furnished the heaviest severity (22.50). With the old type of wire-drawing benches there was very great danger that a workman’s hand would be caught in a kink of the wire. If this happened, the loss of part or all of the hand was almost sure to occur. The modern type of mill, now almost uni versal, has an automatic stop which greatly reduces this hazard. 156 STATISTICS OF INDUSTRIAL ACCIDENTS T a b le 33.— Accident frequency and severity rates for wire by year and accident cause 1920 ing, 1920 to 1924> 1921 1922 1923 1924 Accident cause Frequency rates (per 10,000,000 hours’ exposure) Machinery____ Vehicles_______ Hot substances. Falls of persons. Falling objects.. Handling______ Unclassified___ 42.0 2.0 21.0 21.0 17.0 123.0 89.0 20. 9 3.0 17.9 18.0 6.0 66.0 29. 9 21.0 3.0 6.0 8.0 9.0 68.0 50.0 32.6 2.5 15.1 7.5 .12.6 50.2 60.2 33.0 Total____ 315.0 161.7 165.0 180.7 109.0 6.0 6.0 8.0 34.0 22.0 Severity rates (p«ir 10,000 hours’ exposure) 8. 20 Machinery_____ Vehicles________ Hot substances.. Falls of persons.. Falling objects... Handling_______ Unclassified____ 4. 70 2. 00 3.60 0) .10 .20 4. 70 4.20 .70 14. 30 5.20 .20 .20 1. 30 8.60 14.10 31.10 14. 00 0) Total.. .10 .10 22.50 .70 .23 .11 .30 1.23 13.60 .20 0)I 11.20 .30 .50 .20 36.27 14.80 1 N ot separately; included in "Unclassified.” HOT ROLLIING OF SHEETS The group on which the accident rates for hot rolling of sheets are based is rather small and may not represent typical conditions. Both frequency and severity rates are highly irregular and do not exhibit a consistent trend. T able 34 .— Accident frequency and severity rates for hot sheet rolling, 1920 to 1924> by year and accident cause Accident cause 1920 1921 j 1922 1923 1924 Frequency rates (per 10,000,000 hours’ exposure) M achinery..... ..................... ............. ................... ................. .. Vehicles. _______________ _________ ______ ______ _ Hot substances._ ________________ __________ _____ Falls of p e r s o n ..____________ ___________ ___________ . . . . . . _ _________ Falling objects_______________ Handling __________________________ ____ ________ ____ Unclassified______________________ - ________________ 28.0 2.0 14.0 26.0 25.0 180.0 72.0 11.7 23.0 17.0 41.0 40.0 103.0 30.0 36.0 18.0 16.0 53.0 180.0 71.0 90.0 26.0 10.3 77.0 77.0 130.0 23.2 36.0 3.0 3.0 11.0 15.0 67.0 17.0 T otal. ____________ ____ . . . _________ _____________ 347.0 265.7 374.0 433.5 152.0 Severity rates (per 10,000 hours’ exposure) Machinery_____ Vehicles________ Hot substances . Falls of person.. Falling objects._ Handling_______ Unclassified____ Total.. 2. 80 .20 .20 .50 2.20 .70 2. 30 .30 1.20 1.20 2. 70 1.30 1.40 0.90 .10 . 10 3. 30 1.50 1.80 4. 70 8.90 3.00 2.00 4. 60 1.20 1. 37 3. 60 12.30 .10 . 10 .50 9. 40 1.30 .50 6.60 10.40 12.40 24. 67 24. 20 ACCID EN T EXPERIEN CE IN IRON AND STEEL, IN D U ST R Y 157 The foregoing discussion gives a fair idea of the relative importance of the main cause groups. Considered from the standpoint of accident severity machinery still contributes the largest share of the damage. On the accident frequency side handling of tools and material is the major factor. This situation suggests at once the nature and the point of appli cation of remedial measures. Machine accidents are mainly con trollable by various forms of “ engineering revision.” 2 The cases due to handling may be reduced by instruction, which renders the worker skillful and properly careful. Too much emphasis can not be placed upon the fact that the development of skill is much more important than cautionary exhortation. 2 See U . S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Bui. 298, pp. 192-214. 36904°— 29------- 11 Chapter V.— ACCIDENTS AND ACCIDENT RATES IN MINES, QUARRIES, AND METALLURGICAL WORKS The information in this section is derived from the publications of the United States Bureau of Mines, which issues very detailed annual statements covering accidents in mines and kindred industries. The statistical record is supplemented by two charts showing the 17-year trend (15 years for coke ovens) in each industry group of fatal and nonfatal (fatal only in coal mines) accidents. The trends of accident frequency and severity rates for all industry groups, including railroads, based on data set forth in the next chapter, appear in the following two charts: C hart 6 Rates 1.40 C hart 7 158 159 ACCIDENTS AND ACCIDENT RATES COAL M IN E S The accident rates for coal mines have been converted to the number per 1,000,000 hours* exposure, in order to render them comparable with those found in other portions of this bulletin. Only fatal acci dents are included, as the record of nonfatal injuries is not available. It will be noted that in Table 35 two methods of presenting the facts are used, namely, the rate per 1,000,000 hours* exposure and the rate per 1,000,000 tons mined. Consideration of both these rates is desirable inasmuch as they give two distinct views of the conditions reviewed. The rate per 1,000,000 hours measures the hazard to which the men are exposed, while the rate per 1,000,000 tons measures the cost of coal in terms of human injury. A lessened cost accompanied by increased hazard can not be regarded as satisfactory. In fact, the only condition which can be so regarded is one in which both rates are declining with reasonable rapidity. From 1907 to 1927 fatalities per 1,000,000 hours* exposure declined 28.8 per cent, while fatalities per 1,000,000 tons mined declined 45 per cent. This more rapid decline of cost as compared with hazard is largely due to the introduction of machinery and improved methods. Although improvement in the rates has not been at all regular or consistent through the years, the substantial drop in 1927 as compared to 1907 is worthy of note. T able 3 5 . — M en employed, average production per man, men killed, and fatality rates in coal mines in the United States, 1907 to 1927, by year M en employed Year Tons mined (short tons) M en killed Fullyear work ers Actual number 1907. 19081909. 1910. 1911. 1912. 1913. 1914. 1915. 1916. 1917. 1918. 1919. 1920. 192119221923. 1924. 1925. 1926. 1927. 477,892,536 409, 309,857 460,807, 263 501, 596,378 496,371,126 534, 466, 580 570,048,125 513, 525,477 531, 619,487 590,098,175 651, 402,374 678, 211,904 553,952,259 658, 264,932 506,395,401 476,951,121 657,903,671 571,613,400 581,869,890 657,804,437 | .'<97,858,916 Average production per man (tons) 674,613 678,873 666,535 725,030 728,348 722,662 747, 644 763,185 734,008 720, 971 757,317 762,426 776,569 784,621 823,253 848, 932 860, 560 779, 613 748,805 759,033 759,177 519,452 441, 267 531, 689 534,122 541, 997 593,131 526, 598 511, 598 565, 766 634, 666 654,973 542, 217 601, 283 474, 529 405, 056 560, 000 499, 894 480, 227 559, 426 503, 065 LOCATION AND Per year Per day 708 603 691 692 682 740 762 673 724 818 860 890 713 839 615 565 764 733 777 867 788 3.07 3.09 3.14 3.10 3. 29 3.20 3.25 3. 46 3. 48 3. 42 3.45 3.41 3. 65 3. 56 3.92 3. 91 3. 81 4.04 3. 92 3. 96 3,242 2,445 2,642 2,821 2,656 2, 419 2,785 2,454 2,269 2,226 2,696 2,580 2,317 2,271 1,987 1, 979 2,458 2, 381 2,230 2. 518 2,231 Fatality rate per 1,000,000 hours’ exposure Produc tion per death (short tons) 2.08 1.85 147,407 167,407 174,416 177,808 186,887 220,945 204, 685 209, 261 234,297 265,094 241, 618 262,873 239,082 289,857 254,854 233, 576 267,492 240,072 260,461 261, 241 267, 978 1.77 1.66 1.49 1.57 1.55 1.48 1.31 1.42 1. 31 1.42 1.26 1.40 1. 63 1.46 1.59 1. 55 1.50 1.48 Fatali ties per 1,000,000 tons mined 6.78 5.97 5.73 5.62 5.35 4.53 4.89 4.78 4.27 3. 77 4.14 3.80 4.18 3.45 3.92 4.15 3. 74 4.17 3.84 3.83 3. 73 CAUSES OF ACCIDENTS Table 36 summarizes the facts regarding the place of occurrence and the causes of accidents in coal mines from 1916 to 1927. The underground occupations have much the larger share of fatalities, 160 STATISTICS OF INDUSTRIAL ACCIDENTS and fully half of the underground fatalities are due to falls of mate rial from roof or face. This suggests that there has been a tendency to overemphasis on the startling “ major casualties” in which an explosion of gas or dust suddenly snuffs out perhaps hundreds of lives. Inspection of Table 36 will show that explosions are third in order of importance, except in 1924, when they were in second place. The records (not included here) show that up to 1916 considerable improvement occurred. Since that year the changes have been irregular with a somewhat upward tendency. T able 36 .— Fatalities in coal mines in the United States, 1916 to 1927, by year, place of occurrence, and cause Place and cause 1916 1917 1918 1919 1920 1921 1922 1923 1924 1925 1926 1927 Number of fatalities Underground: Falls of roof or face_____ Cars and locomotives. _ Explosions, gas or dust. Explosives_ __________ _ Electricity _________ M iscellaneous-________ 962 1, 218 1,294 1,100 1,132 1,024 482 390 381 408 341 506 362 129 191 164 170 116 111 135 152 206 128 146 90 79 88 69 76 80 127 129 130 112 269 118 905 1,162 1,062 1,078 1, 214 341 415 350 433 360 311 372 422 536 345 92 114 100 102 96 74 75 81 84 96 77 100 117 104 100 1,149 355 247 110 100 119 Total underground— 2,027 2,379 2,281 2,077 2,020 1,831 1,800 2,255 2,229 2,069 2,365 2,080 Shaft________________________ 49 52 52 53 56 36 41 46 29 34 35 29 Surface: Haulage_______________ Machinery_____________ M iscellaneous__________ 75 26 49 114 51 10Q 118 ’47 82 93 28 66 78 29 88 45 17 58 54 23 61 59 26 72 70 8 60 40 9 78 50 9 59 46 10 66 Total surface_________ 150 265 247 187 195 120 138 157 138 127 118 122 Grand total__________ 2,226 2,696 2,580 2,317 2,271 1,987 1,979 2, 458 2, 396 2,230 2,518 2,231 Fatality rates (per 1,000,000 hours* exposure) Underground: Falls of roof or face_____ 0.57 Cars and locomotives. _ .23 Explosions, gas or dust. .10 Explosives------------ -------.09 Electricity--------------------.05 M iscellaneous.________ .16 0.64 .25 .19 .06 .04 .07 0. 66 .26 .07 .07 .04 .06 0. 68 .23 .12 .13 .04 .08 0. 63 .23 .09 .07 .04 .06 0. 72 .24 .08 .11 .06 .08 0. 74 .28 .26 .08 .06 .06 0. 69 .25 .22 .07 .04 .07 0.70 .23 .36 .07 .05 .07 0.75 .25 .24 .07 .06 .07 0. 72 .26 .25 .06 .06 .06 0.76 .24 .16 .07 .07 .08 Total underground— 1.19 1. 25 1.16 1.28 1.12 1.29 1. 48 | 1.34 1.48 1.44 1.41 1.38 Shaft-.................... ..................... .03 .03 .03 .03 .03 .03 .03 i .03 .02 .02 .02 .02 Surface: Haulage________________ Machinery_____________ Miscellaneous__________ .05 .02 .03 .06 .03 .05 .06 .02 .04 .06 .02 .04 .04 .02 .05 .03 .01 .04 .05 .02 .05 .04 .01 .04 .05 .01 .03 .03 .01 .05 .03 .01 .03 .03 .01 .04 Total surface. ............... .09 .14 .12 .11 .11 .08 .12 .09 .09 .09 .07 .08 Grand t o t a l ................ |1. 31 1.42 1. 31 1.42 1. 26 1.40 1.63 | 1.46 1.59 1.55 | 1.50 1.48 Table 37 presents a comparison of the hazards of coal mining and railway operation. The occurrence of a sudden catastrophe in a coal mine, resulting in the killing of many workers and followed by pro longed rescue work which is detailed in the public prints, has given rise to the general impression that coal mining is unusually hazardous, even more so than the operation of the railroads of the country where only one or two workers at a time meet with an accident. The records prior to 1919 indicate the invalidity of this impression, for 161 ACCIDENTS AND ACCIDENT RATES the following table shows that in 1919 for the first time the fatality rate for anthracite mining exceeded that of the railways; it has been higher each year since except 1920 and 1922. Compared to the fatality rate in bituminous coal mining the railway rate has been con sistently lower each year from 1921 to 1926, inclusive. Considering the spread of 18 years, there has been a reduction in the fatality rates of 16.8 per cent in anthracite mines, 14.7 per cent in bituminous coal mines, and of 59.3 per cent in railway operation. T able 37.— Comparison of coal mine and steam railway fatality rates, 1910 to 1927, by year Fatality rates (per 1,000 em ployees) Fatality rates (per 1,000 em ployees) Year Year An thracite 1910. 1911. 1912. 1913. 1914. 1915. 1916. 1917. 1918. Bitumi nous coal 3.55 4.02 3. 45 3. 52 3. 31 3. 32 3. 47 3. 77 3. 75 4.00 3. 53 3. 36 3.79 3.19 3.02 2.98 3. 50 3. 30 5.41 5.49 5. 22 5.08 4. 73 3.53 4. 07 4. 23 4. 39 A n thracite Railway trainmen 1919. 1920. 1921. 1922. 1923. 1924. 1925. 1926. 1927. 4.11 3.38 3.43 1.91 3.23 3.10 2.50 3. 37 3.94 Bitumi Railway nous coal trainmen 2.71 2.78 2.18 2.45 2.77 3.08 3.12 4.86 4.60 3.02 3.60 2.15 2.27 2.61 1.95 2.14 2.08 1.98 Chart 8 M ETAL M INES Table 38, while not giving a very clear idea of the trend of accident experience in metal mining, does give an idea of the relative impor tance of the accident hazard in various types of mining. It is notice able that since 1917 there has been a considerable decrease in the number of men employed, there being 200,579 in 1917 and 119,699 in 1927. This is due in part to changed methods of mining. 162 STATISTICS OP INDUSTRIAL. ACCIDENTS 38 .— Number of men employed, number of accidents, and accident rates in metal mines in the United States, 1917 to 1927, by kind, of mine and year T able ! t Kind of mine and year Fatal accidents Number Active operators employed Number Nonfatal accidents 1 Rat e (per Rate (per 1,000 em K umber 1,000 em ployees) ployees) K in d o f mine 1917 Copper......... . .............................................. Gold, silver, and miscellaneous metals-----Lead and zinc (Mississippi V alley)_____ _ N onmetallic mineral _. _ ________________ 649 3,166 205 309 248 61,275 51,892 57, 230 20, 269 9,913 374 196 191 G 8 23 6.10 3. 78 3.34 3. 35 2.32 19,935 8, 385 12, 278 4, 544 1,144 325.33 161.59 214. 54 224.18 115. 40 T o ta l. .............. ........................................... 4,637 200, 579 852 4. 25 46, 286 230. 76 Lead and zinc (Mississippi Valley)-----------Nonmetallic mineral_______________________ 524 2, 429 176 236 271 59, 447 43, 643 53,665 14,004 11,847 220 181 179 47 19 3.70 4.15 3. 34 3. 36 1.61 20, 513 7,847 9, 621 3, 746 1,188 345.06 179. 80 179. 28 267. 50 100. 28 Total ............................................................ 3, 636 182, 606 646 3. 54 42, 915 235. 01 Lead and zinc (Mississippi Valley)___ Nonmetallic mineral_______________________ 410 2,430 157 141 245 39,327 32,130 47,676 12, 968 13,161 140 126 139 45 18 3.56 3. 92 2. 92 3. 47 1. 37 12,236 5,469 9,098 3,185 1,518 311.13 170. 21 190.83 245. 60 111. 34 Total._________ _________________ ______ 3, 383 145, 262 468 3. 22 31, 506 216. 89 1920 Copper ___________________________________ Gold, silver, and miscellaneous metals____ Iron_____________________________________ ___ Lead and zinc (Mississippi V alley)_______ Nonmetallic mineral_________ __ __________ 387 2, 358 154 119 263 35, 254 29, 933 45,990 11, 638 13, 768 128 117 106 36 38 3. 63 3.91 2.30 3.09 2. 76 12,047 5, 704 9, 072 3, 607 2,132 341. 70 190. 56 197. 26 309. 93 154. 85 T otal..................... ....................................... 3,281 136, 583 425 3.11 32, 562 238. 40 1921 Copper________________ ________ __________ Gold, silver, and miscellaneous metals____ Iron_______ ____________________________ Lead and zinc (Mississippi Valley)_______ Nonmetalllic mineral............. ......................... . 357 2,135 122 66 216 18, 300 26, 516 30, 559 6,948 11,606 55 78 65 14 18 3.01 3.06 2.13 2.15 1.55 4,722 5, 352 4,507 2,062 1,961 258.03 209. 75 147. 49 317. 33 168. 96 1918 Copper_____________________________________ Gold, silver, and miscellaneous metals____ 1919 C o p p e r_____________________________________ Gold, silver, and miscellaneous metals------ T o ta l-.......................................................... 2,896 93.929 230 2. 45 18,604 198.06 1922 Copper_____________________________ _ _ ___ Gold, silver, and miscellaneous metals____ Iron_____________________________________ Lead and zinc (Mississippi V a lley )......... . Nonmetallic mineral__________ ______ ______ 274 1,942 110 74 199 25,739 27,614 32, 241 8,990 11,113 75 140 83 22 24 2.91 5. 07 2. 57 2. 45 2.16 8,025 6,805 4, 901 3,868 2, 481 311. 78 246. 43 152. 01 430. 26 223. 25 T o ta l............................................................. 2, 599 105, 697 344 3. 25 2G, 080 246. 74 1923 Copper____________________ _________ _______ Gold, silver, and miscellaneous metals____ Iron_________________________________________ Lead and zinc (Mississippi V alley)____ ___ Nonmetallic mineral_______________________ 306 2,104 115 82 218 32,477 30, 525 38, 419 10, 226 11.632 107 114 89 27 30 3.29 3. 73 3. 32 2.64 2.58 11,993 8, 672 5,616 4,894 2,388 369. 28 284.10 146.18 478. 58 205. 30 2, 825 | 123,279 367 2.98 33,563 272. 25 1 271 ' 2, 097 ; 104 87 224 32,477 29,718 36,629 12,734 11,570 121 145 97 34 21 3. 73 4.88 2. 65 2.67 1.82 11,858 8,649 4,959 5,718 1,934 365.12 291.04 135.38 449.03 167.16 123,128 418 3. 39 33,118 T o ta l................... ........................................ 1924 Copper______________________________________ Gold, silver, and miscellaneous metals____ Iron_______________________________________ Lead and zinc (Mississippi Valley)—........... Nonmetallic mineral_______________________ T o ta l......................................... ................. . 1925 Copper___________________________ ___ _______ Gold, silver, and miscellaneous metals Iron_________________________________________ Lead and zinc (Mississippi Valley) __........... Nonmetallic minerals______________________ Total ________ __________________ _____ T im e lost more than 1 day. 2,783 ! 249 1 1,989 j 96 j 107 231 | 33,266 33,230 34,339 12,913 12,965 2,672 1 126,713 | 102 1 128 80 40 21 371 268.97 3.07 3. 85 2. 33 3.10 1. 62 12.179 10, 276 5,013 5,636 2,028 1 ' ! i | j 366.11 309.24 145.99 436.46 156.42 2.93 35,132 i 277.26 163 A C C ID E N T S AND A CCID EN T K ATES 38. — Number of men employed, number of accidents, and accident rates in metal mines in the United States, 1917 to 1927, by kind of mine and year— Con. T a b le Fatal accidents Kind of mine and year Ac-live -Cumber operators employed Nonfatal accidents Rate (per Number 1,000 em Number ployees) Rate (per 1,000 em ployees) K in d of mine— Continued 1926 Copper_____________ ______ __ - ____ Gold, silver, and miscellaneous metals Iro n ..___________ ____________________ _ Lead and zinc (Mississippi Valley)______ Nrm metal lip. minerals T o ta l. .......... .................................. . 1927 Copper___________________ ________________ Gold, silver, and miscellaneous metals Iron____ ______ ______________________ - -Lead and zinc (Mississippi Valley) Nonmp.ta.llip. minerals T o ta l..................... ............................. ....... 223 2,000 101 112 243 32,723 33, 940 33,158 14,479 13, 523 121 108 129 39 33 3.70 3.18 3.89 2.69 2. 44 10,102 9,878 4,082 3,885 2,403 308. 71 291. 04 123.11 268. 32 177. 70 2,679 127, 823 430 3. 36 30,350 237. 44 211 1,960 104 92 260 30, 724 30,461 33,386 12,499 12,629 111 114 73 28 26 3.61 3. 74 2.19 2.24 2.06 8,379 8,162 3,409 3,152 2,031 272. 72 267.95 102.11 252.18 160. 82 2,627 119,699 352 2.94 25,133 209. 97 C49 524 410 387 357 274 £06 271 249 233 211 61, 275 59,447 39, 327 35,254 18, 300 25, 739 32.477 32.477 33, 266 32, 723 30, 724 374 220 140 128 55 75 107 121 102 121 111 6.10 3.70 3. 56 3.63 3.01 2.91 3.29 3. 73 3.07 3. 70 3.61 19, 935 20, 513 12, 236 12,047 4, 722 8,025 11, 993 11,858 12,179 10,102 8, 379 325. 33 345.06 311.13 341. 70 258. 03 311. 78 369. 28 365.12 366.11 308. 71 272. 72 3,166 2.429 2.430 2,358 2,135 1, 942 2,104 2,097 1, 989 2,000 1,960 51,892 43, 643 32,130 29,933 26, 516 27, 614 30, 525 29, 718 33.230 33,940 30,461 196 181 126 117 78 140 114 145 128 108 114 3.78 4.15 3.92 3. 91 3.06 5.07 3. 73 4.88 3.85 3.18 3.74 8, 385 7,847 5,469 5,704 5, 352 6,805 8, 672 8. 649 10; 276 9,878 8,162 161. 59 179. 80 170. 21 190. 56 209. 75 246. 43 284.10 291.04 309. 24 291.04 267. 95 205 176 157 154 122 110 115 104 96 101 104 57.230 53, 665 47, 676 45x990 30, 559 32,241 38,419 36, 629 34, 339 33,158 33,386 191 ]179 139 106 65 83 89 97 80 129 73 3.34 3.34 2.92 2.30 2.13 2. 57 3. 32 2. 65 2. 33 3.89 2.19 12, 278 9,621 9,098 9,072 4,507 4,901 5,616 4,959 5,013 4,082 3,409 214. 54 179. 28 190. 83 197. 26 147. 49 152.01 146.18 135. 38 145. 99 123.11 102.11 369 236 141 119 66 74 82 87 107 112 92 20, 269 14,004 12,968 11, 638 6,948 8,990 10,226 12, 734 12,913 14,479 12,499 68 47 45 36 14 22 27 34 40 39 28 3. 35 3. 36 3.47 3.09 2.15 2.45 2. 64 2.67 3.10 2.69 2.24 4,544 3,746 3,185 3, 607 2,062 3,868 4,894 5, 718 5,636 3,885 3,152 224.18 267.50 245.60 309. 93 317. 33 430. 26 478. 58 449.03 436.46 268.32 252.18 248 271 245 263 216 199 218 224 231 243 260 9,913 11,847 13,161 13,768 11,606 11,113 11,623 11,570 12,965 13,523 12, 629 23 19 18 38 18 24 30 21 21 33 26 2.32 1. 61 1. 37 2.76 1.55 2.16 2.58 1. 82 1. 62 2.44 2.06 1,144 1,188 1,518 2,132 1, 961 2,481 2,388 1, 934 2,028 2,403 2,031 115.40 100. 28 111. 34 154. 85 168. 96 223. 25 205. 30 167.16 156.42 177.70 160.82 Year Copper: 1917.......................................................... ......... 1918.................................... ............................... 1 9 1 9 ..._________________________________ 1920____________ ______ __________________ 1921_____________________________________ 1 9 2 2 ...__________________________________ 1923_____ _______________________________ 1924_____________________________________ 1925.____ _______________________________ 1926____ ____ _________________________ 1927.._______ _________________________ Gold, silver, and miscellaneous metal: 1917.................................. ........... ..................... 1918_____________________________________ 1919_____________________________________ 1920_____________________________________ 1921_________ _________________________ 1922_________ _______________________ 1923___________________________________ 1924_________ _______________________ 1925___________________________________ 192 6 192 7 _____________________________ Iron: 1917_____________________________________ 1 9 1 8 -..______ _______________________ 1919____________________________________ 1920_____________________________________ 1921___________________________________ 1922________________________________ 1923___________________________________ 1924____________________________________ 1925________________________________ 1926___________________________________ 1927_____________________________________ Lead and zinc (Mississippi Valley): 1 9 1 7 ............................................................ 1918______________________________ _ 1919_____________________________________ 1920___________________________________ 1921_____________________________________ 1922___________________________________ 1923________________________________ 1924_____________________________________ 1925_____________________________________ 1926_____________________________________ 1927____________ _____ _________________ Nonmetallic mineral: 191 7 _____ ________________________ 191 8 . . _ _ 1919____________________________________ 1920_____________ _____________ 1921_____________________________________ 1922_____________________________________ 1923_____________________________________ 1924____________________________________ 1925_____________ _________ ___________ 1926_____________________________________ 1927_____________________________ _______ 164 STATISTICS OF IN D U ST R IA L AC C ID E N T S Table 39 shows accident rates for all metal mines from 1911 to 1927. The rate for fatalities declined somewhat, but the rate for nonfatal accidents has a rising tendency. T a b le 39 .— Number of full-year workers and accident frequency rates for metal mines in the United States, 1911 to 1927, by year Frequency rates (per 1,000,000 hours’ exposure) Full-year workers Fatalities Year Under ground 98,389 105,153 121,293 91,659 89,821 125, 601 126,815 113,441 85, 769 80, 215 45,199 59,454 73, 669 72, 631 78, 784 78,985 71,307 1911......... ................................. 1912-...................................— 1913......... ................... - ............ 1914__________ _____ _______ 1915......... ............. .................. 1916____________________ _ 1917_____________ _____ 1918 .......................................... 1919. .................................... .. 1920_________ ________ _____ 1921......................................... 1922......... ......................... .. 1923......... ................................. 1924......... ........... ..................... 1925-................................ .. 1926-........................................ 1927.......................................... Surface 57,700 56,509 62,300 50,960 52,176 66,854 65, 270 67, 565 50, 513 54,325 29, 311 37,684 48,197 46,482 45,124 44,885 42,140 Nonfatal accidents Under ground Total Surface Total Under ground 1.83 1.65 1. 51 1.70 1.67 1.52 1.91 1.51 1.51 1.39 1.34 1.67 1.31 1.62 1.32 1.48 1.36 0.88 .82 .72 .61 .65 .61 .64 .66 .53 .56 .55 .41 .54 .46 .94 .54 .49 1.48 1.36 1.24 1.31 1.30 1.21 1.48 1.19 1.14 1 05 :i. 03 L 18 1.00 1.17 1.00 1.16 1. 03 72.43 78.81 70.15 87. 27 106. 62 102.04 96.61 96.87 96.39 103.66 104. 28 116. 24 120.85 122. 27 121. 65 102.86 95. 59 156,089 161, 662 183, 593 142, 619 141,997 192,455 192, 085 181,006 136, 282 134, 540 74, 510 97,138 121,866 119,113 123,908 123,870 113,447 Surface Total 30.03 34. 65 39.84 40. 68 41.95 48.80 48. 67 49.08 44. 25 46. 73 50.76 47. 30 47.40 46. 43 46. 85 45.00 37.23 56. 76 63. 37 59.86 70. 62 82.85 83. 55 80. 32 79.03 77.06 80. 67 83. 23 89. 49 91.80 92. 68 94.51 81.67 73. 85 C hart 9 i ...i .........i Rates i i i i i i- i i r l i i Ra t e s _ _ l.l 0 1.0 0 ' 1.20 L 0 I = 1.30 _ 1.2 0 __ 1.40 _ 1.40 1.0 0 1.30 .9 0 .80 .90 £0 .7 0 _ .6 0 _ — .6 0 .5 0 _ .40 .50 _ _ .5 0 .40 .30 TREN D OF ACCIDENT RATES M E T A L MI NES r a tai - _ .2 0 0 - .. 1. 191! 12 i I 13 14 l . l I 15 16 17 18 I l .. i I l ... I I 9 20 2 I 22 23 1. 1.. L 24 2 5 .70 .2 0 J 0 .. 2 6 1927 165 ACCIDENTS AND ACCIDENT RATES C h a r t 10 QUARRIES The increase in injury rates for quarries which appears in Table 40 is undoubtedly due to more complete reporting. The fatality rate for the first 5-year period is slightly higher than that for the second period and in the last period there has been a further pronounced drop. The exposure during the interval has been singularly uniform. The declining death rate, which reaches its lowest point in 1927, reflects the improvement in equipment and in method. 40. — Number of men employed, number of accidents, and accident frequency rates for quarries in the United States, 1911 to 1927, by year and by 5-year periods T able M en employed Accidents Frequency rates ( p e r 1 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0 hours’ exposure) Year M en killed Actual number Full-year workers 110,954 l i 3 , 105 lu6, 2'7 8 87,936 100, 7*0 84 417 93,837 87,141 68,187 82/447 188 213 183 180 148 Average, 5 years............................. ......... 103,803 83, 206 182 7,437 .73 29.80 1 9 1 6 ...______________________________________ 1917.......... ..................... ........... ....................... .. 1918.............................. ......................... ........... . 1 9 1 9 ......................................................................... 1920........................................................................... 90, 707 82,290 68,332 75, 505 86,488 76,457 71,525 59, 285 63, 794 77,089 173 131 125 123 178 13,427 13,2*12 8,719 9,199 11,217 .75 .61 .70 .64 .77 58.54 61.71 49.02 48.07 *8.50 1911................................ ........... ............................... 1912___________________________ ______________ 1 9 1 3 ...____________________ ______ __________ 1914............................ ............................. .................. 1915_____________ ____________________________ M en injured 5,390 6,552 7,739 7,836 9,671 Fatal 0.74 .76 .70 .88 .60 Non fatal 21.28 23.67 29.60 38.31 39.10 Average, 5 years______ ______ ______ 80, 682 69, 630 146 11,161 .70 53.43 Average, 10 years. .................................. 92, 243 76, 418 164 9,299 .72 40.56 1921_____________ ___________________________ 1922.................... ................... ................................... 1923.................................... ......... ......... ................... 1 9 2 4 ................... ......... ...................... ................... 1925............................ ............................................... 77,185 79,081 92,455 94, 242 91, 872 59,958 68,861 85,153 84,246 83,487 120, 132 143 138 149 10,465 11,839 14,990 14,777 14,165 .67 .64 .56 .54 .59 (58.18 57.31 58.68 58.34 56.56 Average, 5 years..................... ..... 86,967 76,377 136 13,247 .59 57.81 1926............................................................................ 1927............................................................................ 91,146 91,517 82,361 82,609 154 135 13,201 IS, 459 .62 .64 53.43 54.31 166 STATISTICS OF INDUSTRIAL ACCIDENTS C h a r t IT C h a r t 12 Ratcs R /\TE5 60.00 60.00 50.00 T rend or a c c i de n t rates QUARRIES Non / a i a i _L 1 1 1 13 14 15 1 17 1 1 20 21 22 23 24 25 261927 91 2 6 8 9 M ETALLU RGICAL W O R K S Ore-dressing plants and auxiliary works show no material improve ment in accident experience in the interval under consideration in Table 41, In smelting plants the fatality rates declined from 0.64 to 0.27 and injury rates declined from 58.24 to 28.56, a drop of 51 per cent. 167 ACCIDENTS AND ACCIDENT RATES T able 41.— Accidents and accident rates in metallurgical plants in the United States, 19IS to 1927, by year Accidents M en employed Frequency rates (p e r 1 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0 hours’ exposure) Kind of plant and year Men killed Men injured Nonfatal Actual number Ore-dressing plants: 1913______________ ______ _____ _________ ._ 1914................................ ............................ .. 1915_________________ _____ ______________ 1916 i___________________________________ 1917 i___________________________________ 1918 i___________________________________ 1919 i___________________________________ 1920 i___________________________________ 1921 i___________________________________ 1922 i___________________________________ 1923 i___________________________________ 1924 i______ _____________________________ 1925 i____ ____________ _______ __________ 19261______ __________________________ 1927 i_____ _____ ______ __________________ Smelting plants: 2 1913______________________________ _____ 1924________________________________ __ 1915_____________________________ _______ 1916 i___________________________________ 1917 i___________________________________ 1918 i___________________________________ 1919 i___________________________________ 1920 i___________________________________ 1921 i___________________________________ 1922 i___________________________________ 1923 i___________________________________ 1924 i___________________________________ 1925 i___________________________________ 1926 i___________________________________ 1927 i___________________________________ Auxiliary works: 1913, 1914, 191 o.« 1916_____________________________________ 1917_____________________________________ 1918_____________________________________ 1919_____________________________________ 1920_____________________________________ 1921_____________________________________ 1 1922_____________________________________ i 1923..___________________________________i 1924_____________________________________ J 1925_____________________________________ ! 1926________________________ ____________ 1927___________________ ____________ ____! Full-year workers 14,985 15,128 18, 564 22,470 24, 111 21,809 17, 262 16,827 10,047 11, 676 14,899 15, 735 16,945 16,685 15,328 16,154 15,225 19,107 23, 470 24,372 22, 517 16,862 16,813 8,037 11,025 14, 782 16,093 17,082 17,385 15, 643 16 23 30 33 47 35 25 21 4 12 24 20 17 13 17 1,977 1,434 2,095 3,184 2,952 3,142 2,057 2,624 1,214 1,984 2, 549 2,511 2,232 2,294 1,801 0.33 .50 .52 .47 .64 .52 .49 .42 .17 .36 .54 .41 .33 .25 .36 40. 79 31. 40 36. 55 45. 22 40. 37 46.51 40.74 52. 02 50. 35 59. 84 57. 48 52.01 43. 55 43.92 38.38 20, 564 27,879 31,327 43, 829 44, 376 39,899 28, 777 26,099 14,621 19,495 22,439 24,941 25,144 24,399 22, 696 24,309 32, 336 36, 262 49,363 50,659 45,439 31, 324 30, 411 14, 204 20,887 26, 677 29,231 29, 658 29,049 26,693 47 33 38 36 53 42 34 20 14 16 17 16 19 20 22 4,247 5, 673 5, 718 9,656 7,745 6, 743 4,431 4,147 2,129 3,002 3,487 3,293 3,376 3,181 2,287 .64 .34 .35 .24 .35 .31 .36 .22 .33 .26 .21 .18 .21 .23 .27 58.24 58. 48 52. 56 65. 20 50. 96 49. 47 47.15 45. 46 49.96 47.90 43. 57 37. 55 37. 94 36. 50 28. 56 14,007 15, 555 18,044 15,081 16, 306 8, 762 12,829 16,533 15, 520 16,846 16,642 15, 453 15,763 17,014 20, 111 16,172 18,363 8,308 14,069 18,040 17, 624 19,480 19, 253 17, 955 14 16 17 5 20 9 17 17 19 8 15 15 2,240 2,881 2,808 1,638 2,092 1,151 1, 692 2,388 2,422 2,103 1,804 1,653 .30 .31 .28 .10 .36 .36 .40 .31 .36 .14 .26 .28 47. 37 56. 44 46. 54 33. 76 37.97 46.18 40.09 44.12 45. 81 35. 99 31.23 30. 69 Fatal i 1 Not including auxiliary works such as shops, yards, etc. 2 Not including iron blast furnaces. 3 Included under ore dressing and smelting plants. COKE OVENS A striking feature of Table 42 is the very great falling off in the number employed in the beehive ovens. In 1916 there were 18,570 workers; in 1927 the number had declined to 3,976. This represents the discarding of a wasteful and inefficient process. The larger use of machinery in by-product ovens has not resulted, as might be antici pated, in higher accident rates, but in material drops in both fatality and injury rates. For coke ovens as a group the fatality rate has declined from an average of 0.60 for the 5-year period 1916 to 1920, to 0.47 for the 5-year period ending with 1925, and to 0.36 for the year 1927. 168 STATISTICS OF INDUSTRIAL ACCIDENTS T able 42. — Number of men employed, and accidents and accident rates in beehive and by-product coke ovens, 1910 to 1927, by year M en employed Frequency rates (p e r 1 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0 hours’ exposure) Accidents Year Actual number Full-year workers M en killed M en injured Beehive ovens: 1916............................................ ....................... 1917................................................................... 1918.____ __________________ ________ _ 1919.............................. ................... ................. 1920— ............ ................. ............................... 18, 570 18,820 16,442 13,333 10,955 18, 591 19,295 16,436 10,829 10, 094 24 25 19 10 11 1,866 1,822 2,155 1,364 1,035 Fatal 0.43 .43 .39 .31 .36 N on fatal 33.46 31.48 43.70 41.99 34.18 Average, 5 years______________ _______ 15, 624 15,049 18 1,649 .40 33. 53 1921.................. ............................. . _ 1922................................................................ 1923....................... ............... ........................... 1924_...................... 1............................. ........... 1925.................................................................... 6,011 7, 871 8, 515 6,450 7, 246 2,835 4, 823 7,144 4,025 5,140 5 8 12 3 4 336 474 875 457 498 .59 .55 .56 .25 .26 39. 51 32. 76 40. 83 37.85 32.30 Average, 5 years............................ ........... 7,219 4,793 7 528 .49 36.70 1926............................................................. 1927.................................................... ......... 6, 605 3,976 4, 874 3,071 6 I 2 ! 645 287 .41 .22 44. 36 31.15 By-product ovens: 1916.......... ................................................. 1917......... .................................................... 1918......... ........................................... ............. 1919......... ..................................... ............... 1920.......... ..................................................... 13,033 13, 597 15,947 15,408 17,184 15,528 16, 300 19,040 16,845 19, 827 21 51 54 43 38 3,371 4,891 5, 637 2,667 2,380 .45 1.04 .95 .85 .64 72.36 100.02 98. 69 52. 78 40.01 15,034 i 17,508 41 3,789 .78 72.14 1921........................................... ........... ......... 1922.................................................................... 1923.................................................................. 1924___ _________ ______ ________________ 1925................................................................... Average, 5 years_______________ 10,193 11,407 15, 214 14,001 16,008 11,033 13,413 18,483 16, 656 18,914 12 21 33 21 24 1, 517 1,236 1, 718 1,188 1,918 .36 .52 .60 .42 .42 45.83 30. 72 30.98 23. 78 21.11 Average, 5 years_______ _______ ______ 13,365 15, 700 22 1, 371 .47 29.12 16,510 16, 691 19,441 20,152 45 23 1, 277 998 .77 .38 21.90 16. 51 All coke ovens: 1916.................................................................... 1917.................................................................... 1918............................................ ....................... 1919............................................ ............... ....... 1920.............................. ................. ................. .. 31,603 32,417 32, 389 28,741 28,139 34,119 35, 595 35,476 27, 674 29,921 45 76 73 53 49 5,237 6, 713 7, 792 4,031 3,415 .44 .71 .69 .64 .55 51.16 62.86 73. 21 48. 55 38. 04 Average, 5 years....................................... 30, 658 32, 557 59 5, 438 .60 55. 68 1921................................ ................... ............... 1922____________ __________ _____________ 1923__________________________ __________ 1924________________________ ____________ 1925_____________________________________ 16,204 19, 278 23, 729 20,451 23, 254 13, 868 18, 236 25, 627 2, 681 24, 054 17 1 29 45 24 28 1,853 1, 710 2, 593 1,645 1,696 .41 .53 .59 .39 .39 44. 54 31.26 33. 73 26. 51 23. 50 20, 583 20,493 29 j 1,899 .47 30.89 23,115 20, 667 24, 288 23, 223 51 25 1,922 1,285 .70 .36 26. 38 18. 44 1926.........................................- ..................... 1927.................................................................. Average, 5 years. .......................... . 1926 ____________________________________ 1927 .................................. ....... ......... ............. 169 ACCIDENTS AND ACCIDENT RATES C h a r t 13 1911 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 2! 22 23 24 2 5 26 1927 C h a r t 14 1911 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 1927 ALL M IN ERAL IND USTRIES The record of accidents, as measured by frequency and severity rates, covering all branches of the mineral industry in the United States, for the years 1911 to 1927 is set forth in Table 43; nonfatal injuries in coal mines are, however, omitted as the record thereof is not available. T able 43.— Accident frequency rates (per 1,000,000 hours’ exposure), in the mineral industries in the United States, 1911 to 1927, by year Fatal accidents 1927 1914 1915 1916 1917 1918 1919 1920 1921 1922 1923 1924 1925 1926 C oalm in es________ __ ____________________ A ll metal m ines. _______ _ _ _______ _____ ____ _____ Copper m ines. _ __ _ ___ _ ________ __ _ Gold m ines._ __________ _ __ _____________ _____ Iron mines________ ______ ___________ ___________ Lead and zinc mines _ _ ____ ________ __ _ Nonmetallic mines _ _______ ______ ______ A ll quarries, including outside works Cement rock quarries __ _ _ _ ___________ Granite quarries __ _ _ ________ __ Limestone quarries. _ _ __ ______ ______ _ Marble quarries _ _ Sandstone and bluestone _ _ __ _ Slate quarries ________ ________ __ . ___________ Trap-rock quarries ________ _ ___________ _ _ A ll quarries, excluding outside works _____________ A ll quarries, outside works on ly_____________________ Metallurgical works: Ore dressing_______ __ _______ __ _ __________ Smelters_____________ __ _______ ___________ __ _ ________ __ _ ______ _ Auxiliary w o r k s __ A ll coke ovens______ . ___ __ _____ _______ ______ Beehive ovens _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ________ By-product ovens _______ _ _ _________________ 1.66 1.48 1. 73 1.43 1. 55 1. 34 .67 .74 1. 32 .64 .74 .24 .61 .87 .59 1.49 1. 36 1. 51 1.44 1.32 1.43 .55 .76 1.16 .62 .75 .83 .39 .87 1.03 1. 57 1.24 1. 36 1.28 1.10 1. 30 1.01 .70 1.00 .49 .71 .60 .44 1.02 .80 1 55 1.31 1.28 1.35 1.26 1.44 1.24 .88 1.32 1.12 .79 .91 .48 1.00 .83 1. 48 1. 30 1.24 1.60 .96 1.79 .81 .60 .53 .76 .57 .33 .31 .67 1.15 .72 .35 1.31 1. 21 1. 21 1.35 1.14 1.05 1.00 .75 .79 .62 .79 .39 .43 .87 1.48 .77 .72 1. 42 1.48 1.96 1.34 1.18 1. 36 .83 .61 1.00 .51 .60 .19 .33 .44 .87 .67 .51 1. 31 1.19 1.15 1.42 1.15 1.19 .56 .70 .71 .70 .60 .71 .79 1.05 1.49 .73 .66 1.43 1.16 1.18 1.47 1.03 1.38 .55 .64 .89 .60 .66 .17 .25 .59 .85 .76 .45 1. 26 1.05 1.14 1.40 .78 1.09 .96 .77 .92 .69 .86 .31 .19 .50 .87 .94 .53 1.40 1.03 1.23 1.10 1.01 .86 .66 .67 .64 .86 .66 .50 .42 .47 .96 .74 .56 1.63 1.18 1.00 1.78 1.00 .88 .80 .64 .76 .47 .62 .14 .40 1.05 1.12 .77 .46 1.46 1.00 1.04 1. 31 .79 .91 .89 .56 .56 .30 .62 .20 .16 .71 1.12 .66 .42 1.60 1.17 1.18 1.66 .98 .92 .65 .54 .75 .40 .55 .41 .63 .19 .61 .63 .41 1.55 1.00 .98 1.28 .95 1.11 .57 .59 .59 .32 .59 .19 1.11 .87 1. 38 .76 .41 1.50 1.16 1.15 1.09 1.41 1.02 .87 .62 .50 .74 .70 .56 .34 .70 .80 .86 .37 1.48 1.03 1.15 1.30 .82 .88 .73 .54 .18 .84 .72 .28 .50 .73 .97 .77 .29 .33 .64 .50 .34 .52 .35 .66 .71 .40 . 22 .58 .47 .24 .30 .44 .43 .45 .64 .35 .31 .71 .43 1.04 .52 .31 .28 .69 .39 .95 .49 .36 .10 .64 .31 .85 .42 .22 .36 .55 .36 .64 .17 .33 .36 .41 .59 .36 .36 .26 .40 .53 . 55 .52 .54 .21 .31 .59 .56 .60 .41 .18 .36 .39 .25 .42 .33 .21 .14 .39 .26 .42 .25 .23 .26 .70 .41 .77 .36 .27 .28 .36 .22 .38 ACCIDENTS i9i3 INDUSTRIAL 1912 O F 1911 STATISTICS M ineral industries Nonfatal accidents 14.46 11.56 5.91 23. 25 59.86 70. 62 82. 85 83. 55 80. 32 79. 03 77. 87 80. 67 83.23 89.49 91.80 92.68 94. 51 81.67 76. 93 104. 06 107. 34 106. 53 104. 45 107. 37 103. 20 107. 73 105.84 106.93 116. 36 115.94 116.87 96.10 23.46 42. 30 67.16 63. 60 57.50 61. 73 63. 76 68.27 75.15 86. 76 99.62 99.27 102.47 99. 83 89.44 74. 69 77.84 80.06 75.85 61.82 67. 45 66. 83 70.30 59.18 50.08 50.34 53.14 44.64 44. 50 63.00 79.42 87.70 91.00 106. 51 97.43 109. 32 126. 56 154. 74 165.22 154. 72 156.02 101.40 28.29 33.25 35.93 48.23 41.19 34.90 46.42 53. 96 71.82 82.50 70.82 59.58 55.13 63.58 29.60 38. 31 39.10 58.54 61. 71 49.02 48. 07 48.50 58.18 57. 31 58.68 58.34 56. 56 53.43 69. 33 75.40 49.42 82.94 92.58 79.55 77.19 60.83 71.17 63. 69 71.24 56. 38 34. 52 28. 57 23.20 36.40 32.24 48.00 63.24 36.56 41.57 43. 51 44.70 49. 07 59. 33 65.24 67. 51 61.71 29.68 38.08 42.48 58. 70 58. 51 47.11 44. 68 47.70 59. 51 59.24 56.43 57.86 64.49 66.89 22.89 40.44 31. 27 41. 73 33.40 19. 34 25.09 30. 66 33. 62 42.59 42.63 43.96 38. 68 48. 27 24.79 23.03 22.19 42.62 39.63 49. 35 43.99 33. 52 52. 07 33.54 39.81 56.36 66. 77 53.89 6.27 9.54 11. 03 28. 33 37. 35 32.10 32. 84 36. 07 45.06 42.47 49. 70 53. 33 56. 33 60.91 29.26 50.85 77.62 79.28 74.31 68. 39 62.16 69. 63 76.64 86.00 76.16 78.13 108.29 83.19 42. 52 52.88 54. 32 49.43 48.88 46.54 55. 70 59. 05 59.37 59. 33 65.01 62.49 32. 30 68.69 74.60 48. 34 46. 76 51. 35 61.93 54.92 57.68 56.87 47.02 43.67 40.79 58.24 35.91 31.37 58.48 36. 55 52.56 30. 26 13.28 46. 67 45. 22 40.37 65. 20 50.96 47. 37 56.44 51.16 62.86 33.46 31.48 72. 36 100.02 46. 51 49.47 46.54 73. 21 43. 70 98. 69 40.74 47.15 33. 76 48. 55 41.99 52. 78 52.02 45.46 37.97 38.04 34.18 40.01 50.35 49.96 46.18 44.54 39. 51 45. 83 59.84 47.90 40.09 31.26 32. 76 30. 72 57.48 43. 57 44.12 33. 73 40.83 30.98 52.01 37. 55 45.81 26. 51 37.85 23.78 43. 55 37.94 35.99 23.50 32.30 21.11 43.98 36.50 31.23 26.38 44. 36 21.90 73.85 87.05 93.26 38.21 99. 22 57.07 54. 31 23.05 72.63 69. 79 41. 58 63. 33 61.43 83. 63 64.50 44.06 38. 38 28.56 30.69 18.44 31.15 16.51 ACCIDENT RATES . 22 66 63.37 86.14 31.01 80.60 52.76 22.13 23.27 46.53 14.96 26.66 14.12 15.09 5.00 22.96 AN D i Coal mine injuries not available. 56. 76 75.08 26. 78 84.10 46.47 11.34 21.28 45. 51 17. 69 ACCIDENTS Coal mines 1______________________________ All metal mines__________________________ Copper mines________________________ Gold mines___________________________ Iron mines___________________________ Lead and zinc mines________________ Nonmetallic mines__________________ A ll quarries, including outside works Cement rock quarries_______________ Granite quarries_____________________ Limestone quarries__________________ Marble quarries_____________________ Sandstone and bluestone____________ Slate quarries.......................... .................. Trap-rock quarries__________________ A ll quarries, excluding outside works. __ A ll quarries, outside works only________ Metallurgical works: Ore dressing__________________________ Smelters—_______ ______ ______________ Auxilliary works_____________________ A ll coke ovens___________________________ Beehive ovens_______________________ By-product ovens___________________ Chapter VI.— CASUALTIES ATTENDING THE OPERATION OF STEAM AND ELECTRIC RAILWAYS The Interstate Commerce Commission publishes accident bulletins at regular intervals in which may be found detailed information regarding the accident experience of American steam railways. From these bulletins the tables which follow have been derived. Charts showing the trends of accident frequency and severity rates as compared with those in mining operations appear on page 158. M A R K E D IM P R O V E M E N T N O TED The marked improvement in accident experience of American rail ways is brought out by Table 44, which is drawn from a presentation found in Bulletin 96 (p. 6) issued by the commission. This table shows the highest accident rates for both freight and passenger trainmen, with a single exception, to be in 1913. The lowest rates are found in 1927. T able 44.— Accident rates (per 10,000,000 train-miles), for trainmen in freight and passenger service, 1918 to 1927, by year Freight service Passenger service Freight service Year Fatal 1913_____________ 1914 ................ .. 1915 ................. 1916_ ___________ 1917______________ 1918_ ..................... 1919______________ 1920______________ Non fatal Fatal 15.6 13.9 8.9 9.9 12.1 14.1 9.4 10.0 468.7 432.4 355.1 343.2 395.9 374.0 308.2 349.8 2.8 2.6 1.7 1.7 2.4 2.9 2.3 2.7 Non fatal 67.5 65.0 51. 7 52.2 62.1 62.1 54.5 64.5 Fatal 1921. 1922. 1923. 1924. 1925. 1926 1927. 6.1 6.7 7.1 5.3 5.1 5.2 5.1 N on fatal 256.2 275.3 285.9 239.8 231.4 232.9 201.0 Fatal 1.7 1. 9 4 7 1.6 1.4 N on fatal 47.3 55.2 58.2 49.4 44.6 46.9 Table 45 gives the number of casualties on steam railways for passengers, employees, and other persons from 1888 to 1927. For no other branch of American industry has such a record been kept for so long a time. 172 173 STEAM AND ELE C TR IC R A IL W A Y C A S U A L T IE S 45. — Number of passengers, employees, and other persons killed or injured in reportable steam railway accidents of all kinds in the United States, 1888 to 1927, by year 1 T able Passengers Employees Other persons Total Year ending— Killed June 30 June 30 June 30 June 30 June 30 June 30 June 30 June 30 June 30 June 30 June 30 June 30 June 30 June 30 June 30 June 30 June 30 June 30 June 30 June 30 June 30 June 30 June 30 June 30 June 30 June 30 June 30 June 30 June 30 Dec. 31 Dec. 31 Dec. 31 Dec. 31 Dec. 31 Dec. 31 Dec. 31 Dec. 31 Dec. 31 Dec. 31 Dec. 31 Dec. 31 1888___________ __________ 1889___________ ______ ____ 1890__________ ___________ 1891______________________ 1892______________________ 1893______________________ 1894______________________ 1895______________________ 1896______________________ 1897______________________ 1898______________________ 1899______________________ 1900______________________ 1901______________________ 1902______________________ 1903______________________ 1904______________________ 1905_____________ ________ 1906______________________ 1907______________________ 1908______________________ 1909______________________ 1910______________________ 1911______________________ 1912______________________ 1913______________________ 1914______________________ 1915______________________ 1916______________________ 1916______________________ 1917______________________ 1918______________________ 1919______________________ 1920______________________ 1921______________________ 1922____________________ _ 1923______________________ 1924______________________ 1925______________________ 1926______________________ 1927______________________ Injured Killed Injured Killed 315 310 286 293 276 299 324 170 181 222 221 239 249 282 345 355 441 537 359 610 381 253 324 299 283 350 232 199 239 246 301 471 273 229 205 200 138 149 171 152 88 2,138 2,146 2,425 2,972 3, 227 3,229 3,034 2,375 2, 873 2, 795 2,945 3,442 4,128 4,988 6, 683 8,231 9, 111 10,457 10, 764 13,041 11, 556 10, 311 12,451 12,042 14,938 15.130 13,887 10,914 7,488 7,152 7,582 7, 316 7,456 7, 591 5, 584 6,153 5,847 5, 354 4,952 4,461 3,893 2,070 1,972 2,451 2,660 2,554 2, 727 1,823 1,811 1,861 1,693 1, 958 2, 210 2, 550 2, 675 2,969 3,606 3, 632 3, 361 3,929 4, 534 3,405 2,610 3, 382 3,602 3, 635 3, 715 3, 259 2,152 2,687 2,941 3,199 3,419 2,138 2, 578 1,446 1, 657 2,026 1, 543 1, 599 1, 672 1, 569 20,148 20,028 22,396 26,140 28, 267 31, 729 23,422 25, 696 29,969 27, 667 31, 761 34,923 39, 643 41,142 50, 524 60,481 67,067 66,833 76, 701 87,644 82,487 75,006 95, 671 126,039 142,442 171,417 165, 212 138,092 160, 663 176,923 174, 247 156,013 131,018 149,414 104, 530 117,197 152, 678 125, 319 119, 224 111, 903 88, 223 2,897 3, 541 3,598 4,076 4,217 4,320 4,300 4,155 4,406 4, 522 4,680 4, 674 5,066 5,498 5,274 5, 879 5,973 5,805 6,330 6, 695 6,402 5,859 5, 976 6, 495 6, 667 6,899 6,811 6, 270 6,438 6, 814 6, 587 5, 396 4, 567 4,151 4,345 4,468 5, 221 4,925 4,996 5, 266 5, 335 Injured Killed 3,602 5,282 4,135 6, 823 4,206 6,335 4, 769 7,029 7,147 5,158 5,435 7, 346 5,433 6, 447 5,677 6,136 5,845 6,448 6,437 6, 269 6,176 6,859 7,123 6, 255 6,549 7, 865 7,209 8,455 7,455 8, 588 9,840 7,841 7,977 10,046 9,703 8, 718 10, 241 10, 618 10, 331 11, 839 10,187 10,188 8,722 10,309 11,385 : 9, 682 12,078 10, 396 12,158 10, 585 13, 761 10, 964 13, 563 10,302 8,621 13, 034 12, 224 9, 364 12, 647 10,001 12, 976 10,087 11,246 9,286 10,579 6,978 11, 304 6,958 10, 571 5,996 11, 521 6, 325 13,187 7, 385 13,066 6, 617 13, 259 6, 766 13, 871 7,090 12, 701 6,992 Injured 25, 888 26, 309 29,027 33, 881 36, 652 40, 393 31, 889 33, 748 38, 687 36, 731 40, 882 44, 620 50, 320 53, 339 64, 662 76, 553 81,155 86,008 97, 706 i ll , 016 104, 230 95, 626 119, 507 150,159 169, 538 200, 308 192, 662 162,040 180, 375 196, 722 194, 805 174, 575 149,053 168, 309 120, 685 134,871 171, 712 143, 739 137,435 130, 235 104, 817 i Figures for years 1911 to 1915 include industrial and other nontrain accidents to employees only; and for years 1908 to 1910 do not cover switching and terminal roads; otherwise, the statement covers all reportable accidents. CASUALTIES TO T R A IN M E N ON CLASS I RAILRO AD S, 1916 TO 1927 Table 46 is drawn from Bulletin 96 (p. 106) of the Interstate Com merce Commission, but has been rearranged to render possible certain comparisons difficult to make in the original form. The rates in the report are in terms of 1,000 employees, but these have been recom puted on the basis of 1,000,000 man-hours’ exposure. In this conver sion it is assumed for convenience, as has been done throughout this bulletin, that each man works 10 hours per day for 300 days in the year, making a total of 3,000 man-hours. The change in rates has therefore been made by the simple expedient of dividing the rates in the report by three. The resulting rates are fairly comparable with those for other industrial groups in this bulletin. Rates in this table are made the basis for determining the accident trend exhibited in the charts on pages 176 and 177. 36904°— 29-------12 174 STATISTICS OF INDUSTRIAL ACCIDENTS The following observations regarding accident frequency will be found to be justified by inspection of the table: 1. There is a marked downward tendency in the period 1916 to 1927. 2. There are two years during the period (1920 and 1923) in each of which there is a decided upward tendency as compared with the earlier years. 3. In fatalities the lowest rates are found in 1924, while the lowest rates for injuries are in 1927. T a b l e 4 6 . — Number of trainmen in service on Class I railroads, number of acci dents and accident frequency rates among trainmen, 1916 to 1927, by year and occupation Number of trainmen in service Occupation 1916 1917 1918 1919 1920 1921 1922 1923 1924 1925 1926 1927 Yard service: Engineers___ Firemen......... Conductors __ Brakemen___ 15,878 16,190 15,362 40,175 18,933 19, 516 18,703 48,451 21, 310 21,979 20,823 53, 790 19,625 20,031 19, 325 49,303 21, 363 21, 549 20,236 50, 799 16,929 17,343 16,745 42, 721 18, 703 19,249 18,639 46,953 22,142 22,664 22,002 55,301 20,593 21,106 20, 545 51, 775 21,349 21,804 21,170 52,952 22,253 22, 727 22,066 55, 334 21, 562 22,100 21,437 53, 653 T otal______ R o a d freigh t service: Engineers___ Firemen_____ Conductors __ Brakemen___ 87,605 105,603 117,902 108,284 113,947 93, 738 103, 544 122,109 114,019 117,275 122,380 118, 752 31,675 33,637 25,430 63,285 34,155 36,828 27,152 67,818 34,990 38,102 27,679 69,048 30,907 32,938 25,181 61,989 33,594 35,756 27,297 67,127 28.317 30.317 22, 598 56,620 29,372 31,507 23,254 57, 746 34,137 36,504 26,901 65, 750 31,015 33, 346 24,864 60, 539 30,653 32,714 24,919 59,981 31,563 33,544 25,733 61, 576 30,521 32,315 24,821 59,384 Total______ 154,027 165,953 169,819 151,015 163, 774 137,852 141,879 163,292 149,764 148, 267 152,416 147,041 Road passenger service: Engineers___ Firemen_____ Conductors __ Brakemen___ Baggagemen. Total______ 13, 429 13,131 10,633 14,800 5,618 13,297 13,105 10, 655 14,854 5, 524 12, 709 12,419 10,444 14,423 5,371 12,442 12,112 10, 382 14,904 5,442 12,930 12,630 10, 788 15,849 5,661 12,924 12, 768 10, 546 15, 315 5, 751 12, 710 12,491 11,380 14,350 5,729 13,042 12, 754 11, 756 14, 558 5,871 12,977 12,674 11, 730 14,369 5,846 12,930 12, 561 11,726 14,218 5,801 13,027 12,946 11,710 14,072 5,768 12,971 12, 254 11,652 13,938 5,712 57,611 57,435 55,366 55,282 57,858 57,304 56,660 57,981 57,596 57,236 57,073 56,527 All train men_____ 299,243 328,991 343,087 314,581 335,579 288,894 302,083 343,382 321, 379 322, 769 331,869 322,320 Fatalities among trainmen Number Yard service: Engineers___ Firemen_____ Conductors . . Brakemen___ 11 22 71 341 16 23 78 401 11 27 73 397 15 14 50 235 9 18 67 363 11 7 39 169 12 5 43 202 12 17 59 263 7 5 45 195 12 9 44 238 9 4 53 222 3 6 49 208 T o t a l _____ 445 518 508 314 457 226 262 351 252 303 288 266 R o a d freight service: Engineers___ Firemen_____ Conductors- . Brakemen___ 70 107 72 432 72 122 88 478 84 132 104 527 66 70 63 310 63 84 62 396 32 36 48 186 46 44 37 201 55 59 60 262 3? 43 47 168 34 30 40 188 25 30 59 197 37 46 43 172 Total______ 681 760 847 509 605 302 328 436 295 292 311 298 Road passenger service: Engineers___ Firemen. ___ C onductors.. Brakemen___ Baggagemen. 45 52 6 8 2 56 49 5 18 8 59 50 11 25 5 50 51 6 17 4 69 52 6 16 4 37 36 9 10 2 40 39 3 9 6 44 45 7 10 3 32 31 4 13 1 44 36 5 7 4 39 37 5 8 3 34 30 5 2 4 Total............ 113 136 150 128 147 94 97 109 81 96 92 75 Grand total 1,239 1,414 1,505 951 1,209 622 687 896 628 691 691 639 175 STEAM AND ELECTRIC RAILWAY CASUALTIES 46 .— Number of trainmen in service on Class I railroads, number of acci dents and accident frequency rates among trainmen, 1916 to 1927 , by year and occupation— Continued T able Fatalities among trainmen— Continued Occupation 1916 1917 1918 1919 1920 1921 1922 1923 1924 1925 1926 1927 Frequency rates (per 1,000,000 hours’ exposure) Yard service: Engineers___ Firemen_____ Conductors. _ Brakemen___ 0.23 .35 1.54 2.83 0.28 .39 1.39 2. 76 0.17 .41 1.17 2.46 0. 25 .23 .86 1.59 0.14 .28 1.10 2. 38 0.22 .13 .78 1.32 0.21 .09 .77 1.43 0.18 .25 .89 1.59 0.11 .08 .73 1.26 0.19 .14 .69 1.50 0.13 .06 .80 1.34 0.05 .09 .76 1.29 1. 69 1.64 1.44 .97 1. 34 .80 .84 .96 .74 .86 .78 .75 R oad freight service: Engineers___ F ir e m e n ____ Conductors. _ Brakemen___ .74 1.06 .94 2.28 .70 1.10 1.08 2. 35 .80 1.15 1.25 2. 54 .71 .71 .83 1.67 .63 .78 .76 1.97 .38 .40 .71 1.09 .52 .47 .53 1.16 .54 .54 .74 1.33 .40 .43 .63 .93 .37 .31 .54 1.04 .26 .30 .76 1.07 .40 .47 .58 .97 Total______ 1.47 1.53 1. 66 1.12 1.23 .73 .77 .89 .66 .66 .68 .68 1.12 1.32 .19 .18 .12 1.40 1.25 .16 .40 .48 1. 55 1. 34 .35 .58 .31 1. 34 1.40 .19 .38 .25 1.78 1.37 .19 .34 .24 .95 .94 .28 .22 .12 1.05 1.04 .09 .21 .35 1.12 1.18 .20 .23 .17 .82 .82 .11 .30 .06 1.13 .96 .14 .16 .23 1.00 .99 .14 .19 .17 .87 .82 .14 .15 .23 Total______ Road passenger service: Engineers___ Firemen_____ Conductors. _ Brakemen___ Baggagemen _ Total______ .65 .79 .90 .77 .86 .55 .57 .63 .47 .56 .54 .44 Grand total- 1.38 1.43 1.46 1.01 1.20 .72 .76 .87 j .65 .71 .69 .66 727 1,104 1, 498 8, 328 654 1,123 1, 595 8, 663 721 1,117 1, 739 9, 369 566 866 1,416 7, 552 Injuries am ong trainmen Number Yard service: Engineers___ 908 1, 078 1,032 Firemen_____ 1,644 1,905 1,708 Conductors. _ 1, 993 1,815 1, 440 Brakemen___ 12, 209 12,004 10,472 Total____ 16,924 16, 756 14, 528 11, 396 15, 987 Road freight service: 2,360 2, 578 2,547 Engineers___ Firemen 5,145 6,232 5,706 Conductors. _ 3,051 3,099 2,832 Brakemen___ 13,115 13,004 11,938 Total____ 680 1,023 1,171 1, 791 1,249 1,607 8,296 11, 666 546 854 1,094 6, 711 756 835 1,082 j 1,561 1,414 1,630 7,562 10,223 9,205 10,804 14,249 11, 657 12,035 12, 946 10, 400 1 1,888 2,130 3,945 5,085 2,253 2, 593 8,829 11, 439 1,404 2, 791 1,921 7,012 1, 649 3, 274) 2, 227S 7, 613 1,832 4,036 2, 501 9, 409 1, 370 2,747 2, 209 7,629 1, 271 2, 5S4 2, 223 7, 632 1,343 2, 645 2, 378 7, 904 959 2,016 2,118 6, 758 23, 671 25,003 23,023 16,915 21, 347 13,128 14, 763| 17,778 13,955 13, 710 14, 270 11,851 Road passenger ser-'ce: Eng^^ers Fire n e n ____ Conductors. _ Brakemen___ Baggagemen. 714 1,245 298 718 361 738 1,444 327 699 368 777 1,253 304 674 283 660 1,176 263 579 292 804 1, 535 274 688 344 602 997 209 570 269 715 1,144 282 570 308 761 1,295 304 639 316 617 1,017 302 587 303 532 943 241 533 303 582 957 274 572 263 445 792 251 468 255 Total______ 3, 336 3, 576 3, 291 2,970 3, 645 2, 647 3,019 3, 315 2,826 2, 552 2, 648 2,211 __ Grand total- 43,931 45, 335 40,842 31, 281 40,979 24, 980 28, 5861 35, 342 28,438 28, 297 29,864 24, 462 176 T STATISTICS OF INDUSTRIAL ACCIDENTS 4 6 . — Number of trainmen in service on Class I railroads, number of acci dents and accident frequency rates among trainmen, 1916 to 1927, by year and occupation— Continued able Injuries among trainmen— Continued Occupation 1916 1917 1918 1919 1920 1921 1922 1923 1924 1925 1926 1927 Frequency rates (per 1,000,000 hours’ exposure) Yard service: Engineers----Firemen_____ Conductors.. Brakemen___ 22.63 33.85 43.25 101. 90 18.17 32.54 32.35 82. 59 14. 20 25.90 23.05 64.89 11.55 19.49 21. 54 56.09 15.96 26.16 26.47 76.55 10. 75 13.41 21.78 52. 36 13.30 18.74 25. 29 53. 68 12. 57 22.97 24. 69 61.62 11. 77 17.44 24. 30 53. 61 10. 21 17.17 25.11 54.53 10.80 16. 38 26. 27 56.44 8. 75 13.06 22. 02 46.92 Total______ 64.40 52.89 41.07 35. 08 46. 77 32. 73 34. 78 38.90 34.08 34.22 35.26 29.19 24.83 50.99 39.99 59.08 25.16 56.41 38. 05 64. 36 24.26 49.91 34.10 57. 63 20. 36 39.92 29.81 47.48 21.13 47.40 32.98 56.80 16.53 30. 69 28. 34 41.28 18. 71 34. 64 31.92 4.95 17.90 36.85 20. 99 47. 70 14. 72 27.46 29. 61 42.01 13.82 26. 33 29. 74 42.41 14.18 26. 28 30.83 42. 79 10.47 20.80 28.44 37.93 Total______ 51.23 50. 22 45.19 37. 34 43.45 31. 74 34. 68 36. 29 31.06 30.82 31. 21 26.87 Road passenger service: Engineers___ Firemen_____ Conductors.. Brakemen___ Baggagemen. 17. 72 31. 60 9. 34 16.17 21.42 18. 50 36. 73 10. 23 15. 69 22. 21 20. 38 33. 63 9.70 15. 58 17. 56 17.68 32.36 8.44 12.95 17.89 20.73 40.51 8.47 14. 47 20. 26 15. 53 26.03 6. 61 12.41 15. 56 18.75 30. 53 8. 26 13. 24 17.92 19.45 33. 87 8. 62 14. 63 17.94 15.85 26. 75 8. 58 13. 62 17.28 13. 71 25. 02 6.85 12. 50 17.41 14.89 25. 53 7.80 13. 55 15.20 11.44 21. 54 7.18 11.19 14.88 R o a d freigh t service: Engineers___ Firemen_____ Conductors _ _ Brakemen___ T o t a l _____ 19.30 20. 75 19.81 17.91 21.00 15.40 17.43 19. 06 16.36 14.86 15.47 13.04 Grand total. 48.94 45. 93 39.68 33.15 40.70 28.82 31.54 34.31 29. 50 29. 22 30.30 25. 30 Table 46 furnishes the data on which the following charts are prepared. C h a r t 15 WE TS ~ 1 .... 1 — | ------1 j ..... ■| .........................j ...... 1... ~T T '"“ 7 ......T ” r .. _ 1.40 _ 1.30 _ 10 .2 — - L 0 I - - R ates 1.40 1.30 - ~ - 1 _ .00 1 0 .2 1 Io . 1 0 .0 .90 .90 _ .6 0 _ .80 .70 _ .10 .60 .6 0 .S O .50 .40 .3 0 TREND - OF ACCIDENT R a t e s RAILROADS - .20 .1 0 - ra fat _ .40 .30 .2 0 - . 1 - 1 1 1 1911 12 13 14 1 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 2 6 1927 5 i f i i f I f I I ' i l l 0 177 STEAM AND ELECTRIC RAILWAY CASUALTIES C h a r t 16 1911 1.2 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 2 1 22 23 24 25 26 1927 Tables 47 and 48 show the number of train and train service accidents and the number due to specified causes. These tables are chiefly interesting in that they evidence the fact that the improved condition of American railways is a pervasive change. In whatever way the accident data are analyzed it will appear that improvement has taken place. For example, in 1911 collisions caused 297 deaths while in 1927 there were but 65. Injuries due to collisions during the same period declined from 3,071 to 547. In 1911 there were 209 deaths from coupling cars and in 1927 there were 48. T able 47 .— Number of train accidents, 1911 to 1927, by year and kind of accident Year ending— Colli sions Derail ments Locomo Other tive locomo boiler tive accidents accidents Miscel laneous Total Fatalities June 30, June 30, June 30, June 30, June 30, June 30, Dec. 31, Dec. 31, Dec. 31, Dec. 31, Dec. 31, Dec. 31, Dec, 31, Dec. 31, Dec. 31, Dec. 31, Dec. 31, Dec. 31, 1911______ _____ _______ __________ 1912________________________________ 1913____ ____ ___________ _______ 1914___________________________ 1915. __________________ _____ _____ 1916 _________ __ 1916________________________________ 1917________________________________ 1918.- ________________________ 1919________________________________ 1920________________________________ 1921 . . . ________________ 1922________________________________ 1923___________________________ 1924_____ _____ _____________________ 1925_____________________ _____ _____ 1926________________________________ 1 9 2 7 _____________________________ * Included under “ Miscellaneous.” 297 275 280 224 76 139 169 235 274 136 182 54 103 112 85 84 104 65 249 244 227 211 127 131 154 155 218 159 160 101 119 115 97 121 64 82 56 64 41 11 13 24 25 44 41 40 50 29 24 42 24 15 14 25 0) 0) 0) 0) 0 1 2 6 1 18 13 9 6 5 10 9 4 14 22 24 11 7 6 10 11 8 22 620 596 557 452 221 304 357 439 547 359 422 195 253 275 216 232 190 194 178 T able STATISTICS OF INDUSTRIAL ACCIDENTS 47.— Number of train accidents, 1911 to 1927, by year and kind of acci dent— Continued Colli sions Year ending- Derail ments Locomo Other tive locomo boiler tive accidents accidents M iscel laneous Total Injuries June 30, June 30, June 30, June 30, June 30, June 30, Dec. 31, Dec. 31, Dec. 31, Dec. 31, Dec. 31, Dec. 31, Dec. 31, Dec. 31, Dec. 31, Dec. 31, Dec. 31, Dec. 31, 1, 748 2,380 2, 243 1,820 1, 348 1,230 1,249 1,320 1,433 1,083 1,240 606 709 839 652 616 596 616 3, 071 3, 060 3,367 2,250 1,360 1,630 1,953 2, 388 2, 257 1,276 1,607 559 872 940 709 696 840 547 1911. 1912 1913 1914 1915 1916 1916 1917 1918 1919 1920 1921 1922 1923 1924 1925 1926. 1927 1, 092 936 1,002 630 443 296 346 ; 326 294 203 246 54 47 57 45 42 34 21 690 722 293 123 211 196 183 122 146 344 235 59 54 88 58 112 102 117 0) 0) 0) (!) 0) 0) 0) 58 49 49 57 18 29 15 13 17 17 13 6, 601 7,098 6,905 4,823 3,371 3,352 3,731 4, 214 4,179 2,955 3,385 1,296 1, 711 1,939 1,477 1, 483 1, 589 1, 211 i Included under “ Miscellaneous.” T a b le 48.— Number of train-service accidents, 1911 to 1927, by cause of accident Year ending— Cou Cou pling pling air cars hose Strik Get High M isOper ing Struck ting way celating or run fixed on or cross Ianeswitches struc over oil ings ous tives ibrakes tures ating °Peratmg j hand i Total Fatalities June 30, June 30, June 30, June 30, June 30, June 30, Dec. 31, Dec. 31, Dec. 31, Dec. 31, Dec. 31, Dec. 31, Dec. 31, Dec. 31, Dec. 31, Dec. 31, Dec. 31, Dec. 31, 1911. 1912. 1913. 1914. 1915. 1916. 1916. 1917. 1918. 1919. 1920. 1921. 1922. 1923. 1924. 1925. 19261927. 209 192 195 171 90 123 136 166 164 108 151 78 81 103 72 64 64 48' ! 48 44 30 34 27 16 27 21 19 20 21 22 31 14 23 31 20 14 11 22 i 45 3 50 1 2 22 37 1 24 34 33 i 3 29!_________ 321 1 1 : 2 j 1 76 77 94 89 45 59 63 95 83 55 83 45 43 47 36 38 45 47 160 164 154 113 81 94: 106 109 131 92 96 65 63 101 62 65 62 68 20 1 7, 530 8,150 9,358 8,498 6,366 7. 234 8, 403 8, 601 7, 755 6,162 8, 773 5, 510 6,157 8,096 6, 564 6,680 7,165 5, 665 39 1 4 6 13 22 29 30 29 48 27 1,197 1, 264 1,296 1,132 722 925 1,033 1, 222 1,229 410 522 388 400 498 403: 589 626 643 566 435 467 515 537 561 975 1, 232 635 292 403 310 331 325 306 2, 251 2,324 2,382 2,071 1,373 1,668 1,853 2,177 2, 212 1,334 1,685 901 988 1,288 976 986 1,102 975 25, 330 27, 081 33, 007 31, 424 23, 932 26, 893 30, 562 32, 801 28, 866 13, 371 16, 919i 10, 759 11.844 13, 517 11,608 11, 946 12, 276 10,592 39, 247 42, 022 49, 714 46, 018 34,689 39, 074 44, 579 48, 022 42, 782 33,325 43,535 27, 228 30,481 37,537 30,097 30, 762 32,337 26, 715 Injuries June 30, June 30, June 30, June 30, June 30, June 30, Dec. 31, Dec. 31, Dec. 31, Dec. 31, Dec. 31, Dec. 31, Dec. 31, Dec. 31, Dec. 31, Dec. 31, Dec. 31, Dec. 31, 1911. 1912 1913 1914. 1915. 1916 1916. 1917. 1918. 1919. 1920. 1921. 1922. 1923. 1924. 1925 1926. 1927. 2, 3, 234 3, 360 2, 692 1, 993 2,194 2. 440 2,508 2, 332 1,975 2,450 1,540 1.498 1,954 1,592 1,538 1, 591 1, 325; I ! 664 580 425 590 378 393 520 430 452 455 308 1 7, 379 9, 426 5, 732 6,187 8,043 5, 877 5. 458 5, 697 4, 467 1, 9"1 2, 592 1, 623 1,987 2,571 2, 042 2,229 2, 474 2,158 995 1, 453 847 m 1,084 1, 050 930 1,142 802 1, 510 1, 523 1,835 1, 490 1,083 1,310 1,538 1,572 1,349 1,000 1, 293 775 722 859 730 724 665 590 47 39 64 88 100 97 96 104 89 1,872 2, 033 2,154 1, 914 1,315 1,443 1, 636 1,876 1,890 703 707 709 768 629 179 STEAM A N D E L E C T R IC R A IL W A Y C A SU A L T IE S NO N TR AIN ACCIDENTS, 1917 TO 1927 Table 49 shows how the hazard of various accident causes has varied during the period covered. It was possible in the earlier years to determine an exposure and to calculate frequency rates. Since it is impossible to do this for the later years the rates are omitted altogether. T a b le 49 .— Nontrain accidents on Class I railroads in the United States, 1917 to 1927, by cause of accident Fatalities 1917 j 1918 1919 1920 | 1921 1922 1923 1924 1925 1926 | 1927 Cause of accident Number W orking machin ery, engines, e tc.. Transmission appa ratus_____________ Handling___________ Flying particles Hot substances_____ Electric currents___ Collapse, fall, etc., of objects_________ Falls of persons____ Miscellaneous______ Total_________ 15 38 17 22 13 18 29 16 31 20 30 5 38 1 21 24 7 42 4 21 25 6 52 7 25 2 13 16 4 18 3 20 19 5 29 2 3(5 27 3 13 16 22 3 39 1 13 9 17 32 1 18 1 17 19 3 22 3 14 11 4 17 2 10 20 42 98 132 58 111 149 42 89 115 44 76 154 27 59 92 40 87 242 45 74 195 48 49 205 31 41 223 31 52 227 31 51 254 376 453 359 361 254 451 441 383 282 383 419 4,699 3,156 2,986 Injuries Number W orking machin 4,741 ery, engines, etc._ Transmission appa 530 ratus--------------------Handling __ _____ 44, 855 7,423 Flying particles___ 2,949 Hot substances_____ 185 Electric currents___ Collapse, fall, etc., of objects. _______ 14,087 Falls of persons____ 13,892 Miscellaneous______ 28, 548 4,835 3, 885 4,087 2,919 2,997 2,344 1,614 460 489 585 495 343 37,196 33, 340 35, 489 25, 858 28,862 6,897 5, 536 5,744 4, 227 4, 759 2,857 2,356 2,648 1,875 2,467 223 221 124 273 245 302 553 272 247 39,193 33,077 31,827 28,842 6, 760 5,483 5,006 3,948 3. 757 2,765 2,201 1,845 270 235 195 174 171 22,889 2,930 1,230 157 13,132 10, 536 11,822 8. 341 10,165 12,474 9,871 10,906 7,725 9,642 26,679 24, 635 26,887 20,037 24,926 15, 251 11,980 10, 735 9,113 11,614 10, 270 8, 722 7,941 30,199 25,117 24,347 22,987 6.401 6,412 17,421 Total................ 117, 210 104,900 90,842 98,293 71,449 84,586 112, 296 92,385 86, 291 77,441 59, 225 Tables 50 and 51 present rates for the nontrain occupations from 1917 to 1921. Since 1921 exposure has not been reported in terms of man-hours, it has not been possible to extend the significant portion of the tables. This grouping brings out some interesting points regarding the movement of the rates and the relations of the several occupations, and therefore these tables are presented although the data therein can not be extended beyond 1921. It may be noted that shopmen have consistently the highest rates and that these are not widely different from those prevailing in the departments of the iron and steel industry. These comparatively high rates for shopmen are emphasized in Table 51 which covers a 5-year period. 180 STATISTICS OF INDUSTRIAL ACCIDENTS 50.— Number of nontrain accidents, exposure, and accident frequency rates for industrial employees on Class I railroads in the United States, 1917 to 1921, by year and occupation T a b le 1917 1918 1919 1921 Occupation Number of accidents Shopmen________________ Station m en______________ Trackmen_______________ Bridge and building men Other employees_________ 67,445 15, 635 21,036 5.104 7, 375 63,951 12,150 17,498 4,200 6,499 52,318 11, 206 17, 250 3, 835 5, 806 57,397 11,664 19,113 4,167 5, 653 41, 748 6,944 15, 778 3, 398 3, 835 T o ta l......................... 116, 595 104, 298 90, 315 97, 994 71, 703 Hours of exposure (thousands) Sh opm en ............................. Station m en_____________ Trackmen. ____________ Bridge and building men Other employees............... 1,400,734 689,174 1,019, 263 203, 314 415,005 1, 582,114 690,048 1,031, 366 202, 575 418,927 1,456,460 620, 370 T o ta l........................ 3, 727,490 3,925,030 165,072 391, 372 1, 584,884 644, 202 955, 570 168, 550 410, 764 1,150, 383 511,918 678,478 117, 742 349,977 3, 521,480 3, 763,970 2,8 888, 2C6 Accident frequency rates (per 1,000,000 hours’ exposure) Shopmen.............................. Station m e n . . . ................... Trackmen________________ Bridge and building men. Other employees................ 48.15 22.69 20.64 25.10 17. 77 40.42 17.61 16.97 20. 73 15. 51 35. 92 18. 06 19. 42 23. 23 14. 83 36. 22 18.11 . 24. 72 13. 76 36. 29 13.56 23. 25 28.87 10.96 T o ta l......................... 31.28 26. 57 25. 68 26.03 25. 53 20 00 Table 51 shows the frequency rates per 1,000,000 hours’ exposure for nontrain employees for the 5-year period, 1917 to 1921. T able 51 .— Accident frequency rates (per 1,000,000 hours’ exposure) for nontrain employees on Class I railroads in the United States, 1917 to 1921 Occupation Fatalities 0.09 .03 .10 .30 Shopmen____ _________________ ____________________ ____________________ ________ _____ Station men _ ________________________ __________________________________________ Trackmen. _ _______________________ ________________________________________ _ Bridge and building m en.. _______________________ _____ ______________ ___________ G R A D E -C R O SS IN G A C CID EN TS, 1890 TO All acci dents 39. 54 18. 30 20.00 24. 29 1927 Table 52 emphasizes in a striking way the change in conditions brought about by the introduction of the automobile. Fatal acci dents at grade crossings first went over 1,000 in 1912. From that time there has been a steady increase of such occurrences. The year 1926 has the bad distinction of the greatest number to date, with 2,491. When from 1923 to 1924, there was a slight decline in fatal cases it was hoped that a turning point had been reached. This hope was rudely disturbed when each of the three following years had a greater number of fatalities. 181 STEAM AND ELECTRIC RAILWAY CASUALTIES The railways, which have earnestly striven to improve the situa tion, have thus far been unable to make headway against the mount ing hazard due to an increased number of automobiles and probably an increased number of dangerous drivers. Undoubtedly the im provements which have been made in cars have a bearing upon their safety of operation and as the older models go out of use it is reasonable to expect a lessened number of casualties. 52 .— Number of persons and of trespassers killed or injured in railway accidents at highway grade crossings in the United States, 1890 to 1927, by year T a b le Number of persons— Number of trespassers— Number of persons— Year ending— Killed June 30, June 30, June 30, June 30, June 30, June 30, June 30, June 30, June 30, June 30, June 30, June 30, June 30, June 30, June 30, June 30, June 30, June 30, June 30, June 30^ Number of trespassers— Year ending— 1890____ 1891____ 1892____ 1893____ 1894 1895 1896____ 1897 1898 1899____ 1900 1901____ 1902____ 1903 1904____ 1905 1906 1907 1098 1909____ 402 564 568 596 571 508 615 575 657 674 730 831 827 898 808 838 929 934 837 735 Injured Killed 675 863 942 1,064 817 961 1,058 1,033 1,123 1,087 1, 297 1, 354 1, 335 1,481 1,463 1, 574 1,892 1,817 1, 762 1,833 Killed Injured 98 167 137 163 119 133 171 116 151 170 171 209 265 271 197 215 250 237 216 112 151 162 176 179 136 176 248 197 202 168 204 242 272 247 224 256 226 274 323 211 June 30, June 30, June 30, June 30, June 30, June 30, June 30, Dec. 31, Dec. 31, Dec. 31, Dec. 31, Dec. 31, Dec. 31, Dec. 31, Dec. 31, Dec. 31, Dec. 31, Dec. 31, Dec. 31, 1910____ 1911____ 1912 1913 1914 1915 1916____ 1916 1917 1918 1919 1920 1921 1922 1923 1924 1925 1926 1927 839 992 1,032 1,125 1,147 1,086 1, 396 1, 652 1,969 1, 852 1,784 1, 791 1,705 1, 810 2, 268 2,149 2,206 2,491 2, 371 Injured Killed 1,939 2, 434 2, 506 3,080 2, 935 2,981 3, 267 3, 859 4, 764 4. 683 4, 616 5,077 4,868 5, 383 6, 314 6, 525 6, 555 6, 991 6, 613 Injured 129 148 136 145 122 83 86 121 131 137 107 100 106 96 133 107 120 103 109 153 124 138 172 119 72 83 101 128 140 216 273 166 163 148 168 178 194 140 ELECTRIC RAILW AYS The accident experience of the electric railways, as published by the Interstate Commerce Commission, is rather limited, and accident rates on the basis of man-hours exposure are not available. Table 53 presents the latest and most significant data reported. T a b le 53 .— Accident experiences of 105 American electric railways in 1928 and 1924 Item 1924 1923 448,489, 978 Car-miles operated. Passengers carried___ 3,051,621,122 Item 445, 200, 730 3, 239,039, 582 Accidents per 1,000,000 car-miles— Con. B y collision with cars____________ 9. 65 8.08 To employees___ To passengers____ To other persons. 10.87 44.11 21. 61 10.39 40.29 21. 91 ............... 76. 59 72.59 Accidents to passen gers per 1,000,000 passengers carried.. 6.48 5.53 Number of accidents f rv__ to Employees............ Passengers_______ Other persons___ 4,875 19, 784 9,691 4,627 17,935 9, 758 T o ta l.................. 34,350 32,320 337 338 Number of fatalities. _ Accidents per 1,000,000 car-miles: B y collision with motor vehicles. 195.87 194.35 Total 1923 1924 Chapter VII.— RECORD OF ACCIDENTS IN THE FEDERAL DEPARTMENTS, 1921 TO 1927 The United States Employees’ Compensation Commission com piles figures showing the accident experience in the Federal depart ments, covering civil employees only. The record of that experience is available for a 7-year period, and is set forth in Table 54. Lacking precise information as to the total hours worked by Gov ernment employees in any department it has been assumed for the purpose of computing rates that an 8-hour day is uniform. The hours worked by Federal civil employees range from 7 to 9 and even 10 per day, and it may be that the 8-hour assumption is liberal and as a result that the number of man-hours used as a divisor is some what larger than it should be, which would render the rates smaller than they would be if the data were more complete. When the 1926 figures became available it was noted that the Department of the Interior, the Department of Labor, the Depart ment of the Treasury, the Department of War, and the “ Other Government services’ ’ group showed declining rates from 1925 to 1926, while increases were shown in those for the Department of Agriculture, the Department of Commerce, the Department of the Navy, the Post Office Department, and the Government Printing Office. In 1927 the record was hardly more satisfactory, the number of departments showing an increase in rates being six instead of five, but including the Department of the Treasury, the Department of War, and “ Other Government services7 which showed declines in 7 the preceding year, and excluding the Department of Commerce and the Department of the Navy, which in 1927 took their places among those recording declining rates. The most notable improvement was made by the Department of Labor, the total rate for which declined 16.9 per cent between 1926 and 1927. The greatest increase in rate (58.7 per cent) was made by the Department of the Treasury. For the Federal departments as a whole a slight increase is recorded for every one of the years included except 1923 and 1926. Generally speaking, the situation in the Government may not be considered satisfactory when it is observed, by reference to Table 9 (p. 119), that the rates are markedly higher than those prevailing in the better steel mills. 182 R E C O R D O F A C C ID EN TS IN F E D E R A L D E PA R TM E N T S T able 183 54 .— Number of accidents and accident frequency rates in the Government service, 1921 to 1927, by department and year [Rased on number of employees shown by the Civil Service Commission’s yearly reports and on num ber of accidents reported to the United States Employees’ Compensation Commission] Frequency rates (per 1,000,000 hours’ exposure) Number of accidents Year Number of employees Nonfatal Fatal Nonfatal Fatal accidents accidents Total Total All Government Services 1921............... ....................... 1922_____________________ 1923_____________________ 1924_____________________ 1925_____________________ 1926_____________________ 1927-________ ___________ 560, 673 535,185 535, 781 546, 981 538, 290 536,426 525, 843 362 353 279 278 314 318 357 18,042 17,905 17, 713 20, 260 20, 374 19, 209 20,190 18,404 18,258 17, 992 20,538 20, 688 19, 527 20,547 0.25 .26 .20 .20 .23 .25 .28 12.88 13. 38 13.22 14. 82 15.14 15.08 15. 99 13.13 13. 64 13. 43 15.02 15. 37 15.33 16.27 Total........................ 3, 779,179 2, 261 133, 693 135, 954 .25 14.75 15.00 Department of Agriculture 1921_______ ______ _______ 1922......... ............... ............. 1923_____________________ 1924_____________________ 1925________ _____ _______ 1926......... ................... ......... 1927_____________________ 18, 722 19, 773 20,078 20,385 20,098 20,688 21, 518 10 11 17 25 26 34 27 638 919 971 1, 287 1,291 1,652 1, 760 648 930 988 1, 312 1, 317 1,686 1,787 0.22 .22 .34 .49 .52 .68 .52 13.63 18. 59 19. 34 25. 25 25. 69 33.27 34.08 13.85 18.82 19.68 25.74 26. 21 33.95 34. 60 Total. ...................... 141,262 150 8,518 8,668 .44 25.12 25.56 Department of Commerce 1921............................. ......... 1922_____________________ 1923_____________________ 1924_____________________ 1925_____________________ 1926_____________________ 1927- __________________ 11, 748 11, 267 11,199 12,119 14, 631 14, 682 14, 950 9 15 11 8 11 11 11 246 272 332 319 348 433 414 255 287 343 327 359 444 425 0.31 .53 .40 .26 .30 .30 .31 8. 38 9.66 11. 86 10.52 9. 52 12. 28 11.54 8. 69 10.19 12.25 10. 79 9.82 12.58 11. 85 Total------- ------------- 90, 596 76 2,364 2,440 .35 10. 87 11.22 8.09 6.26 4. 21 4.13 2. 71 £ 95 4.29 8.27 6. 36 4. 21 4.13 2. 71 4! 05 4.29 Government Printing Office 1921_______ _____ ________ 1922_____________________ 1923_______ _____ ________ 1924- _______ ___________ 1925_____________________ i926_____________________ 1927____________ _____ 4,403 4,024 3,989 4,269 3, 984 4, 109 4,078 2 1 Total____ ________ 28,856 4 1 89 63 42 44 27 39 42 91 64 42 44 27 40 42 0.18 .10 346 350 .06 4. 98 5.04 .10 Department of the Interior 1921- .............................. .. 1922-........................ ........... 1923. __________ _________ 1924_____________________ 1925. _______ ____________ 1926_____________________ 1927_____________________ 19, 735 17,834 17,092 16, 679 13,125 13,468 14, 960 14 18 16 19 11 8 9 957 1,041 1,415 1,676 1,019 609 676 971 1,059 1,431 1, 695 1,030 617 685 0.29 .41 .37 .46 .34 .25 .25 19.39 23. 35 33.12 40.20 31.06 18.84 18.83 19,68 23. 75 33.49 40.64 31. 39 19.09 19.08 Total____________- 112,893 95 7,393 7,488 .35 27. 29 27.64 184 STATISTICS OF INDUSTRIAL ACCIDENTS T able 54.— Number of accidents and accident frequency rates in the Government service, 1921 to 1927, by department and year— Continued Frequency rates (per 1,000,000 hours’ exposure) Number of accidents Year Number of employees Nonfatal Fatal Total Fatal Nonfatal accidents accidents Total Department of Labor 1921....................................... 1922. .....................- ............. 1923 _____ 1824......... ............... ............. 1925......... - ........................... 1926___________ _____ _ ..... 1927— ........................ .. 3, 768 3,744 3,821 3, 876 3, 614 4, Oil 4, 050 1 2 1 5 2 2 112 100 112 111 107 90 74 113 102 112 112 112 92 76 Total........................ 26, 884 13 706 ' .11 .55 .21 .21 11.89 10.68 11.72 11.46 11. 84 9.45 7. 82 11.99 10.90 11.72 11. 56 12.40 9. 66 8.03 719 s 20 10. 94 11.14 0. 24 .25 .30 .26 .23 .38 .26 19. 25 14. 27 14.04 17.64 15. 52 17.24 16. 36 19. 48 14. 52 14. 33 17. 90 15.74 17. 62 16. 62 .28 17. 01 17.29 0.11 .22 Department of the Navy 1921....................................... 1922_______ ______ _______ 1923....... ......................... — 1924_____ _____ __________ 1925_____________________ 1926_________ ________ — 1927_________ ________ — 60,653 42, 515 40, 557 42, 686 42, 842 42, 973 43,198 36 27 30 28 24 39 27 2,918 1,516 1,423 1,882 1, 662 1, 778 1, 696 2,954 1,543 1,453 1,910 1,686 1,817 1,723 Total............ ........... 315, 424 211 12, 875 13,086 | | 1 ; Post Office Department 1921.......................... ........... 1922__________ __________ 1923_____________________ 1924_____________________ 1925_____________ ______ 1926_____________________ 1927......... ............................. 281, 658 284, 207 294, 226 301,000 304,092 289, 980 278, 637 62 64 50 42 47 56 54 5, 218 6,196 6, 559 7, 395 7,488 7,896 8, 862 5, 280 6, 260 6,609 7,437 7, 535 7, 952 8, 916 0. 08 .10 .07 .06 .06 .08 .08 7.42 8.72 8.92 9. 83 9. 85 11. 35 13. 25 7.50 8. 81 8. 99 9.89 9. 91 11.43 13. 33 Total........................ 2,033, 8.00 375 49, 614 49, 989 .08 10.17 10. 24 Department of the Treasury 1921....... ....................... . 1922....................... ............... 1923_____________________ 1924_____________________ 1 9 2 5 ..___________________ 1926______ _______________ 1927..................... - ..........- 68,648 56, 392 53, 604 52.121 52. 607 51, 569 51, 741 30 44 17 16 22 19 22 1,157 1, 203 938 1,013 1,037 864 983 1,187 1,247 955 1,029 1,059 883 1,005 0.18 .31 .13 . 12 . 17 . 11 .18 6.74 8. 53 7.00 7. 63 7.88 4. 93 7. 92 6. 91 8.84 7.13 7.75 8. 05 5.04 8.10 Total____ ________ 387, 682 170 7,195 7, 365 . 18 7. 70 7. 88 Department of War 1921......................... .............. 1922_____________________ 1923________ ____________ 1924_____________________ 1925_________ ___________ 1926_____________________ 1927......... ............................. 53, 553 46, 840 44,842 45,906 38,975 45, 285 42, 771 124 104 96 102 115 63 124 6,125 5, 648 4,913 5, 295 5, 793 4,700 4,496 6,249 5, 752 5,009 5, 397 5,908 4, 763 4,620 0.92 .89 .85 .89 1.18 .58 1. 21 45.74 48. 23 43. 82 46.14 59. 45 43.24 43. 80 46. 68 49.12 44. 68 47. 03 60.64 43. 82 45.01 Total_____________ 318,172 728 36, 970 37, 698 .95 48. 42 49. 37 Other Government Services 1921....................... ............... 1922______ ______ ________ 1923..................................... 1924________ ______ ______ 1 9 2 5 .................................... 1926_____________________ 1927....................................... 37, 785 48, 589 46, 373 46, 940 44, 322 49, 661 49, 940 74 67 42 37 53 85 81 582 947 1,008 1, 238 1, 602 1,148 1,187 656 1,014 1,050 1, 275 1, 655 1, 233 1, 268 0.78 .55 .36 .31 .48 .71 .68 6.16 7.80 8.70 10. 55 14.46 9.63 9.90 6.95 8.34 9.06 10. 86 14.94 10. 34 10. 58 Total........................ 323, 610 439 7, 712 8,151 .57 9. 93 10. 50 Chapter V III.— IN D U S T R IA L A C C ID E N T E X P E R IE N C E OF MEMBERS OF THE NATIONAL SAFETY COUNCIL Comprehensive industrial accident statistics are being put out annually by the National Safety Council.1 The report consists al most exclusively of tabular matter and presents the experience of members of the council only. Sixteen industrial groups are included in this membership, and in 1927 accident reports were filed by 2,089 establishments employing 1,565,747 workers with an exposure of 3,742,404,981 man-hours, which record is an increase over 1926 of approximately 21 per cent in the number of establishments, 28 per cent in the number of workers, and 23 per cent in the number of hours’ exposure. A summary of the latest report, giving the com parative experience of a 3-year period, 1925 to 1927, is presented in Table 55. The accident frequency and severity rates for death, permanent disability, and temporary disability, respectively, have been computed, since they do not appear in the report, while the total rates as given in the report have in some instances been modified as indicated by the items on which they are based. To this extent they do not agree with those appearing in the report. Total average rates have not been included, although given in the original report, because they are so readily affected by variation in the number of establishments included in any industrial group and are, therefore, of questionable value. Without giving the details upon which the information is based, the following brief summary is reproduced from the report: Eight facts of m ajor im portance are revealed by the industrial accident statis tics tabulated by the National Safety Council for 1927: 1. Tw o thousand and eighty nine establishments reported for 1927; 1,725 in 1926; an increase of 21 per cent. 2. In 1927, 1,565,747 persons worked 3,742,404,981 hours, while in 1926, 1,221,094 persons worked 3,033,416,031 hours. 3. A gradual decrease in the hours of exposure per man has occurred in the past three years. In 1927, 2,390; 1926, 2,480; and in 1925, 2,930. 4. 1927 average accident frequency rate equals 25.95. The average for two years previous equals 31.31; a reduction of 17 per cent. 5. 1927 average accident severity rate equals 1.88. The average for two years previous equals 2.50; a reduction of 24 per cent. 6. The ratio of persons em ployed to lost-time injuries 2 is 16 to 1. Days lost per injury equals 71. The ratio for two years previous equals 12 to 1, with 73 days lost per injury. 7. The ratio of nonfatal injuries equals 155 to 1. Ratio for tw o years previous equals 154 to 1. 8. One hundred and thirty three establishments, or 7 per cent of the total, completed the year of 1927 without a lost-time injury. 1 Data in this report, which are copyrighted, are reproduced through the courtesy of the National Safety Council, 108 E. Ohio Street, Chicago. 2 Only lost-time personal injuries are considered and tabulated throughout this report. A tabulatable personal injury is one arising out of employment and resulting in death, permanent disability, or loss of time from work other than the remainder of the day or shift on which the injury was incurred. 185 T able 55.— Number of accidents, and accident frequency and severity rates in specified industries, reported by National Safety Council, 1925 to 1927 25 Death Industrial group Num Fre Fre Fre Fre Sever Sever Sever ber of Sever quency quency quency Full-year quency ity rate ity rate ity rate ity rate estab rate (per rate (per rate (per rate (per workers lish N um (per 1,000 N u m 1,000,000 (per 1,000 N u m 1,000,000 (per 1,000 N u m 1,000,000 (per 1,000 1,000,000 hours’ hours’ ber ber ber hours’ ber hours’ ments hours’ hours’ hours’ hours’ expo expo expo expo expo expo expo expo sure)1 sure)1 sure)! sure)1 sure)1 sure)1 sure)1 sure)1 22 29 16 0.03 .07 .04 0.17 .40 .24 560 484 382 0. 73 1.13 .96 0.32 .63 .46 17,279 9, 554 8,176 22. 65 22.40 20. 46 0.53 .33 .33 17,861 10,067 8,574 23.41 23.60 21.46 1.02 1.36 1.03 65 108 148 41, 383 65,444 85, 676 38 50 52 .31 .25 .20 1.84 1. 53 1.21 86 141 156 .69 .72 .61 .57 .46 .50 2,473 3, 393 4,248 19.92 17. 28 16. 53 .31 .29 .29 2,597 3, 584 4,458 20.92 18. 25 17. 34 2. 72 2.28 2.01 36 51 65 8,487 22,343 19, 903 24 40 39 .94 .60 .65 5. 66 3. 58 4.82 18 122 97 .71 1.82 1.62 .81 .94 1.32 1,736 3,705 3,749 68. 78 55. 27 62. 79 1.11 .91 .99 1, 778 3,867 3,885 69. 93 57. 69 65.06 7. 57 5.43 7.13 63 124 18,802 33,485 4 11 .07 .11 .42 .66 48 61 .85 .61 .33 .35 1,279 1,903 22.67 18. 95 .64 .33 1,331 1,975 23. 59 19. 67 1. 39 1.34 280 318 466 220, 397 228, 738 294,820 86 127 114 . 13 .19 .13 .78 1.11 . 77 545 796 937 .82 1.16 1.06 .60 .78 .69 18,915 23,405 21, 892 28.60 34.10 24. 75 .41 219, 546 .55 24, 328 .42 22,943 29. 55 35.45 25.94 1.79 2.44 1.88 17 16 28 11,828 6, 512 11, 266 1 .03 . 17 1 .03 .18 41 13 29 1.16 .67 .86 .65 1.14 .32 1,383 1,137 1, 505 38. 97 58.20 44.53 .45 .61 .50 1,425 1,150 1,535 40.16 58. 87 45.42 1.27 1.75 1.00 99 133 186 34,874 42, 235 61,790 21 22 27 .20 .17 .15 1.20 1.04 .87 57 67 63 .54 .53 .34 .38 .39 .34 3,943 4, 570 4,994 37.69 36.07 26.94 .57 .52 .36 4,021 4, 659 5,084 38.43 36. 77 27.43 2.15 1.95 1.57 18 20 24 71, 352 83, 601 91,150 47 60 64 .22 .24 .23 1.32 1.44 1.40 208 233 267 .97 .93 .98 .58 .64 .54 5,600 7,039 7,615 26.16 28.06 27.95 .43 .40 .47 5,855 2 7,332 7,946 27.35 29.23 29.16 2.33 2.48 2.41 145 204 126, 387 154, 325 26 16 .07 .03 .22 .21 417 451 1.10 .97 .59 .49 8,741 8,436 23.05 18. 22 .29 .24 9,184 8,903 24. 22 19. 23 1.10 .94 ACCIDENTS 254,188 142, 258 133,179 INDUSTRIAL 196 98 129 O F Total Temporary disability STATISTICS Automotive: 1925________________________________________________ 1926_______________________________________________ 1927_______________________________________________ Chemical: 1925_______________________________________________ 1926_______________________________________________ i 1927_______________________________________________ : Construction: 1925_______________________________________________ 1926_______________________________________________ 1927_______________________________________________ ! Tood: 1926_______________________________________________ 1927_______________________________________________ M etals: 1925_______________________________________________ 1926_______________________________________________ 1927_______________________________________________ Packers and tanners: 1925 _ _________________________________ ______ 1926 1927_______________________________________________ Paper and pulp: 1925 ______________________________________ 1926 _________________________________ 1927_______________________________________________ Petroleum: 1925 . _______________________________ 1926.. ___________________________________________ 1927_______________________________________________ Power press: 1926___ _________________________________________ 1927_______________________________________________ Permanent disability h- 1 132 322 73,954 186, 216 129 243 .58 .43 3.49 2.61 53 125 .24 .22 .37 .31 7,308 16,743 32.94 29.97 .46 .41 7,490 17, 111 33. 76 30. 62 4.32 3.33 36 28 31 5,108 5,096 5,175 13 13 9 .84 .85 .58 5.09 5.10 3.48 23 17 15 1.50 1.11 .97 1.78 1.13 .94 708 841 810 46. 21 55.01 52.18 .77 .80 .79 744 871 834 48. 55 56.97 53.73 7.64 7.03 5.21 22 32 45 57,813 58,899 68,747 10 10 10 .06 .06 .05 .35 .34 .29 70 86 69 .40 .49 .33 .37 .40 .25 4,974 5,217 6,083 28. 68 29. 52 29.49 .39 .43 .39 5,054 5,313 6,162 29.14 30.07 29.87 1.11 1.17 .93 32 49 86 25,975 36,828 46, 738 1 4 3 .01 .04 .02 .08 .22 .13 31 49 47 .40 .44 .34 .21 .25 .26 1,029 1,396 1,699 13. 21 12.64 12.12 .16 .18 .15 1,061 1,449 1,749 13.62 13.12 12.48 .45 .65 .54 100 136 167 64 23,297 32,982 37,079 17, 920 11 31 17 .16 .31 .15 .95 1.88 .92 128 129 143 4 1.83 1.30 1.29 .07 .96 1.19 .73 .13 2,948 5,977 5,143 664 42.21 60.40 46.24 12. 37 .84 1.44 .58 .15 3,087 6,137 5, 303 668 44.20 62.01 47. 68 12.44 2.75 4. 56 2.23 .28 ............T EXPERIENCE ACCIDENT 1 These rates have been computed and the total rates have been recomputed from the items as given in the report. 2 This is the total of the items, but is not the total given in the report, and the discrepancy is not explained. INDUSTRIAL Public utilities: 1926___________ ________ ___________________________ 1 9 2 7 ...___________ ________________________________ Quarry: 1925___________ ______ ____________________ ________ 1 9 2 6 ...________ _____________ _____ _________________ 1927________ ______ ________________________________ Rubber: 1925___________ ________ ___________________________ 1 926 ..______________ ______ _________________ ______ 1927__________________________ ____________________ Textiles: 1 9 2 5 ...____________ _______ _______________ ________ 1926.________ ______________________________________ 1927_______________________________________________ Woodworking and lumber manufacturing: 1925_______________________ _______________________ 1926_________________________________ _____ ________ 1927_______________________________________________ Miscellaneous: 1927__________________________________ 00 LIST OF BULLETINS OF THE BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS T h e f o l l o w i n g is a li s t o f a ll b u l l e t i n s o f t h e B u r e a u o f L a b o r S t a t i s t i c s p u b l i s h e d s i n c e J u l y , 1 9 1 2 , e x c e p t t h a t in t h e c a s e o f b u l l e t i n s g i v i n g t h e r e s u lts o f p e r io d ic s u r v e y s o f th e b u re a u o n ly th e la te s t b u lle tin o n a n y o n e s u b j e c t is h e r e l i s t e d . A c o m p l e t e li s t o f t h e r e p o r t s a n d b u l l e t i n s is s u e d p r i o r t o J u l y , 1 9 1 2 , a s w e l l a s t h e b u l l e t i n s p u b l i s h e d s i n c e t h a t d a t e , w ill b e f u r n i s h e d o n a p p l i c a tio n . B u lle tin s m a r k e d th u s (* )a r e o u t o f p r i n t . Conciliation and Arbitration (including strikes and lockouts). *No. 124. Conciliation and arbitration in the building trades of Greater New York. [1913.] •No. 133. Report of the industrial council of the British Board of Trade c»n its inquiry into industrial agreements. [1913.] No. 139. Michigan copper district strike. [1914.] No. 144. Industrfal court of the cloak, suit, and skirt industry of New York City. [1914.] No. 145. Conciliation, arbitration, and sanitation in the dress and waist industry of New York City. [1914.] *No. *No. No. No. No. No. No. No. N o. No. No. 191. 198. 233. 255. 283. 287. 303. 341. 402. 468. 481. Collective bargaining in the anthracite coal industry. [1916.] Collective agreements in the m en’s clothing industry. [1916.1 Operation of the industrial disputes investigation act of Canada. [1918.] Joint industrial councils in Great Britain. [1919.] History of the Shipbuilding Labor Adjustment Board, 1917 to 1919. National War Labor Board: History of its formation, activities, etc. [1921.] Use of Federal power in settlement of railway labor disputes. [1922.] Trade agreement in the silk-ribbon industry of New York City. [1923.] Collective bargaining by actors. [1926.] Trade agreements, 1927. Joint industrial control in the book and job printing industry. [1928.] Cooperation. No. 313. Consumers’ cooperative societies in the United States in 1920. No. 314. Cooperative credit societies in America and in foreign countries. [1922.] N o. 437. Cooperative movement in the United States in 1925 (other than agricultural). Employment and Unemployment. *No. 109. Statistics of unemployment and the work of employment offices [in the United States]. [1913.] No. 172. Unemployment in New York City. N . Y . [1915.] *No. 183. Regularity of employment in the women’s ready-to-wear garment industries. [1915.] *No. 195. Unemployment in the United States. [1916.] No. 196. Proceedings of Employment Managers’ Conference held at Minneapolis, M inn., January 19 and 20, 1916. ♦No. 202. Proceedings of the conference of Employment Managers’ Association of Boston, Mass., held M ay 10,1916. No. 206. The British system of labor exchanges. [1916.] No. 227. Proceedings of the Employment Managers’ Conference, Philadelphia, Pa., April 2 and 3,1917. No. 235. Employment system of the Lake Carriers’ Association. [1918.] •No. 241. Public employment offices in the United States. [1918.] No. 247. Proceedings of Employment Managers’ Conference, Rochester, N . Y ., M a y 9-11,1918. No. 310. Industrial unemployment: A statistical study of its extent and causes. [1922.] No. 409. Unemployment in Columbus, Ohio, 1921 to 1925. Foreign Labor Laws. *No 142. Administration of labor laws and factory inspection in certain European countries. Housing. *No. 158, No. 263. No. 295. N o. 469. [1914.] Government aid to home owning and housing of working people in foreign countries. [1914.] Housing by employers in the United States. [1920.] Building operations in representative cities in 1920. Building permits in the principal cities of the United States in [1921 to] 1927. 36904°— 29-------13 [i] Industrial Accidents and Hygiene. ♦No. 104. Lead poisoning in potteries, tile works, and porcelain enameled sanitary ware factories. [1912.1 N o. 120. Hygiene of tlie painters’ trade. [1913.] ♦No. 127. Dangers to workers from dusts and fumes, and methods of protection. [1913.] ♦No. 141. Lead poisoning in the smelting and refining of lead. [1914.] ♦No. *N o. ♦No. N o. 157. 165. 179. 188. Industrial accident statistics. [1915.] Lead poisoning in the manufacture of storage batteries. [1914.] Industrial poisons used in the rubber industry. [1915.] Report of British departmental committee on the danger in the use of lead in the painting of buildings. [1916.] ♦No. 201. Report of committee on statistics and compensation insurance cost of the International Association of Industrial Accident Boards and Commissions. [1916.] ♦No. *N o. ♦No. N o. N o. ♦No. ♦No. N o. N o. 207. 209. 219. 221. 230. 231. 234. 236. 249. ♦No. No. N o. No. N o. N o. N o. No. N o. 251. 256. 267. 276. 280. 291. 293. 298. 306. No. 339. N o. 392. Causes of death by occupation. [1917.] Hygiene of the printing trades. [1917.] Industrial poisons used or produced in the manufacture of explosives. [1917.] Hours, fatigue, and health in British munition factories. [1917.] Industrial efficiency and fatigue in British munition factories. [1917.] Mortality from respiratory diseases in dusty trades (inorganic dusts). [1918.] Safety movement in the iron and steel industry, 1907 to 1917. Effects of the air hammer on the hands of stonecutters. [1918.] Industrial health and efficiency. Final report of British Health of Munition Workers’ C om mittee. [1919.1 Preventable death in the cotton-manufacturing industry. [1919.] Accidents and accident prevention in machine building. [1919.] Anthrax as an occupational disease. [1920.] Standardization of industrial accident statistics. [1920.] Industrial poisoning in making coal-tar dyes and dye intermediates. [1921.] Carbon-monoxide poisoning. [1921.] The problem of dust phthisis in the granite-stone industry. [1922.] Causes and prevention of accidents in the iron and steel industry, 1910-1919. Occupational hazards and diagnostic sigps: A guide to impairments to be looked for in hazardous occupations. [1922.] Statistics of industrial accidents in the United States. [1923.] Survey of hygienic conditions in the printing trades. [1925.] N o. 405. Phosphorus necrosis in the manufacture of fireworks and in the preparation of phosphorus. [1926.] N o. 425. Record of industrial accidents in the United States to 1925. N o. 426. Deaths from lead poisoning. [1927.] No. 427. Health survey of the printing trades, 1922 to 1925. N o. 428. Proceedings of the Industrial Accident Prevention Conference, held at Washington, D . C ., July 14-16, 1926. N o. 460. A new test for industrial lead poisoning. [1928.] N o. 466. Settlement for accidents to American seamen. [1928.] No. 488. Deaths from lead poisoning, 1925-1927. (In press.) Industrial Relations and Labor Conditions. No. 237. Industrial unrest in Great Britain. N o. No. N o. No. N o. N o. N o. N o. 340. 349. 361. 380. 383. 384. 399. 483. [1917.] Chinese migrations, with special reference to labor conditions. [1923.] Industrial relations in the West Coast lumber industry. [1923.] Labor relations in the Fairmont (W . Va.) bituminous-coal field. [1924.] Postwar labor conditions in Germany. [1925.] Works council movement in Germany. [1925.1 Labor conditions in the shoe industry in Massachusetts, 1920-1924. Labor relations in the lace and lace-curtain industries in the United States. Conditions in the shoe industry, Haverhill, Mass, 1928. (In press.) [1925.] Labor Laws o f the United States (including decisions o f courts relating to labor). No. 211. Labor laws and their administration in the Pacific States. [1917.1 No. 229. Wage-payment legislation in the United States. [1917.1 No. No. No. No. - 285. 321. 322. 343. Minimum-wage laws of the United States: Construction and operation. Labor laws that have been declared unconstitutional. [1922.] Kansas Court of Industrial Relations. [1923.] Laws providing for bureaus of labor statistics, etc. [1923.] No. No. N o. No. N o. 370. 408. 444. 467. 486. Labor laws of the United States, with decisions of courts relating thereto. Laws relating to payment of wages. [1926.] Decisions of courts and opinions affecting labor, 1926. M inim um wage legislation in various countries. [1928.] Labor legislation of 1928. [1921.] [1925.] Proceedings o f Annual Conventions o f the Association o f Governmental Labor Officials o f the United States and Canada. (Name changed in 1928 to Association o f Governmental Officials in Industry o f the United States and Canada.) *No. No. No. No. *No. *No. No. No. No. 266. 307. 323. 352. 389. 411. 429. 455. 480. Seventh, Seattle, Wash., July 12-15, 1920. Eighth, New Orleans, La., M ay 2-6, 1921. Ninth, Harrisburg, Pa., M a y 22-26, 1922. Tenth, Richmond, Va., M a y 1-4, 1923. Eleventh, Chicago, 111., M ay 19-23, 1924. Twelfth, Salt Lake City, Utah, August 13-15, 1925. Thirteenth, Columbus, Ohio, June 7-10, 1926. Fourteenth, Paterson, N . J., M ay 31 to June 3, 1927. Fifteenth, New Orleans, La., M ay 15-24, 1928. Proceedings o f Annual M eetings o f the International Association o f Industrial Accident Boards and Commissions. No. N o. No. *No. N o. No. No. No. No. No. No. No. No. No. 210. 248. 264. 273. 281. 304. 333. 359. 385. 395. 406. 432. 456. 485. Third, Columbus, Ohio, April 25-28, 1916. Fourth, Boston, Mass., August 21-25, 1917. Fifth, Madison, W is., September 24-27, 1918. Sixth, Toronto, Canada, September 23-26, 1919. Seventh, San Francisco, Calif., September 20-24,1920. Eighth, Chicago, 111., September 19-23, 1921. Ninth, Baltimore, M d ., October 9-13, 1922. Tenth, St. Paul, M inn., September 24-26, 1923. Eleventh, Halifax, Nova Scotia, August 26-28, 1924. Index to proceedings, 1914-1924. Twelfth, Salt Lake C ity, Utah, August 17-20, 1925. Thirteenth, Hartford, Conn., September 14-17, 1926. Fourteenth, Atlanta, Ga., September 27-29, 1927. Fifteenth, Paterson, N . J., September 11-14, 1928. (In press.) Proceedings o f Annual Meetings o f the International Association o f Public Employment Services. No. 192. First, Chicago, December 19 and 20, 1913; Second, Indianapolis, September 24 and 25, 1914; Third, Detroit, July 1 and 2, 1915. N o. 220. Fourth, Buffalo, N . Y ., July 20 and 21, 1916. No. 311. Ninth, Buffalo, N . Y ., September 7-9, 1921. No. 337. Tenth, Washington, D . C., September 11-13, 1922. No. 355. Eleventh, Toronto, Canada, September 4-7, 1923. No. 400. Twelfth, Chicago, 111., M ay 19-23, 1924. No. 414. Thirteenth, Rochester, N . Y ., September 15-17, 1925. No. 478. Fifteenth, Detroit, M ich., October 25-28, 1927. Productivity of Labor. No. 356. Productivity costs in the common-brick industry. [1924.] No. 360. Time and labor costs in manufacturing 100 pairs of shoes, 1923. N o. 407. Labor cost of production and wages and hours of labor in the paper box-board industry. [1926.] No. 412. Wages, hours, and productivity in the pottery industry, 1925. N o. 441. Productivity of labor in the glass industry. [1927.] N o. 474. Productivity of labor in merchant blast furnaces. [1928.] No. 475. Productivity of labor in newspaper printing. [1928.] Retail Prices and Cost of Living. *No. 121. Sugar prices, from refiner to consumer. [1913.] *No. 130. Wheat and flour prices, from farmer to consumer. [1913.] No. 164. Butter prices, from producer to consumer. [1914.] No. 170. Foreign food prices as affected by the war. [1915.] No. 357. Cost of living in the United States. [1924.] No. 369. The use of cost-of-living figures in wage adjustments. [1925.] No. 464. Retail prices, 1890 to 1927. Safety Codes. *N o. 331. Code of lighting: Factories, mills, and other work places. No. 336. Safety code for the protection of industrial workers in foundries. N o. 350. Specifications of laboratory tests for approval of electric headlighting devices for motor vehicles. No. No. No. No. No. No. 351. 375. 378. 382. 410. 430. Safety code for the construction, care, and use of ladders. Safety code for laundry machinery and operation. Safety code for woodworking plants. Code of lighting school buildings. Safety code for paper and pulp mills. Safety code for power presses and foot and hand presses. [in ] S afety Codes— Continued. N o. 433. Safety codes for the prevention of dust explosions. N o. 436. Safety code for the use, care, and protection of abrasive wheels. N o. 447. Safety code for rubber mills and calenders. N o. 461. Safety code for forging and hot-metal stamping. N o. 463. Safety code for mechanical power-transmission apparatus.— First revision. Vocational Workers’ Education. *N o. 159. Short-unit courses for wage earners, and a factory school experiment. [1915.] *N o . 162. Vocational education survey of Richmond, Va. [1915.1 N o. 199. Vocational education survey of Minneapolis, M inn. [1917.] N o. 271. Adult working-class education in Great Britain and the United States. [1920.] N o. 459. Apprenticeship in building construction. [1928.1 W ages and Hours o f Labor. *N o. 146. Wages and regularity of employment and standardization of piece rates in the dress and waist industry of New York City. [1914.1 *N o. 147. Wages and regularity of employment in the cloak, suit, and skirt industry. [1914.] N o. 161. Wages and hours of labor in the clothing and cigar industries, 1911 to 1913. N o. 163. Wages and hours of labor in the building and repairing of steam railroad cars, 1907 to 1913. *N o. 190. Wages and hours of labor in the cotton, woolen, and silk industries, 1907 to 1914. N o. 204. Street-railway employment in the United States. [1917.1 N o. 225. Wages and hours of labor in the lumber, millwork, and furniture industries, 1915. N o. 265. Industrial survey in selected industries in the United States, 1919. N o. 297. Wages and hours of labor in the petroleum industry, 1920. N o. 356. Productivity costs in the common-brick industry. [1924.] N o. 358. Wages and hours of labor in the automobile-tire industry, 1923. N o. 360. Tim e and labor costs in manufacturing 100 pairs of shoes, 1923. N o. 365. Wages and hours of labor in the paper and pulp industry, 1923. N o. 394. Wages and hours of labor in metalliferous mines. 1924. N o. 407. Labor costs of production and wages and hours of labor in the paper box-board industry. [1926.] N o. 412. Wages, hours, and productivity in the pottery industry, 1925. N o. 413. Wages and hours of labor in the lumber industry in the United States, 1925. N o. 416. Hours and earnings in anthracite and bituminous coal mining, 1922 and 1924. N o. 435. Wages and hours of labor in the men’s clothing industry, 1911 to 1926. N o. 438. Wages and hours of labor in the motor-vehicle industry, 1925. N o. 442. Wages and hours of labor in the iron and steel industry, 1907 to 1926. N o. 446. Wages and hours of labor in cotton-goods manufacturing, 1910 to 1926. N o. 450. Wages and hours of labor in the boot and shoe industry, 1907 to 1926. N o. 452. Wages and hours of labor in the hosiery and underwear industries, 1907 to 1926. N o. 454. Hours and earnings in bituminous-coal mining, 1922, 1924, and 1926. N o. 471. Wages and hours of labor in foundries and machine shops, 1927. N o. 472. Wages and hours of labor in slaughtering and meat packing, 1927. (In press.) N o. 476. Union scales of wages and hours of labor, 1927. Supplement to Bui. 457. (In press.) N o. 482. Union scales of wages and hours of labor, M ay 15, 1928. No. 484. Wages and hours of labor of common street labor, 1928. No. 487. Wages and hours of labor in woolen and worsted goods manufacturing, 1910 to 1928. Welfare Work. *N o. 123. Employers’ welfare work. [1913.] N o. 222. Welfare work in British munition factories. [1917.] *No. 250. Welfare work for employees in industrial establishments in the United States. N o. 458. Health and recreation activities in industrial establishments, 1926. Wholesale Prices. No. 284. Index numbers of wholesale prices in the United States and foreign countries. [1919.] [1921.] N o. 440. Wholesale prices, 1890 to 1926. No. 453. Revised index number of wholesale prices, 1923 to July, 1927. N o. 473. Wholesale prices 1913 to 1Q27. W omen and Children in Industry. N o. 116. Hours, earnings, and duration of employment of wage-earning women in selected industries *No. N o. N o. *No. N o. 117. 118. 119. 122. 160. in the District of Columbia. [1913.] Prohibition of night work of young persons. [1913.] Ten-hour maximum working-day for women and young persons. [1913.] Working hours of women in the pea canneries of Wisconsin. [1913.] Employment of women in power laundries in Milwaukee. [1913.] Hours, earnings, and conditions of labor of women in Indiana mercantile establishments and garment factories. [1914.] [IV ] W om en and Children in Industry— Continued. *N o. 167. Minimum-wage legislation in the United States and foreign countries. [1915.] *No. 175. Summary of the report on condition of women and child wage earners in the United States. [1915.1 *No. 176. Effect of minimum-wage determinations in Oregon. [1915.] *No. 180. The boot and shoe industry in Massachusetts as a vocation for women. [1915.] *No. 182. Unemployment among women in department and other retail stores of Boston, Mass. [1916.] No. 193. Dressmaking as a trade for women in Massachusetts. [1916.1 No. 215. Industrial experience of trade-school girls in Massachusetts. [1917.] *N o. 217. Effect of workmen’s compensation laws in diminishing the necessity of industrial employ ment of women and children. [1918.] N o. 223. Employment of women and juveniles in Great Britain during the war. [1917.] No. 253. Wom en in the lead industries. [1919.] Workmen’ s *N o. 101. *N o. 102. No. 103. No. 107. *N o. 155. Insurance and Compensation (including laws relating thereto). Care of tuberculous wage earners in Germany. [1912.] British national insurance act, 1911. Sickness and accident insurance law of Switzerland. [1912.] Law relating to insurance of salaried employees in Germany. [1913.] Compensation for accidents to employees of the United States. [1914.] N o. 212. Proceedings of the conference on social insurance called by the International Association of Industrial Accident Boards and Commissions, Washington, D . C ., December 5-9,1916. *No. 243. Workmen’s compensation legislation in the United States and foreign countries, 1917 and 1918. N o. 301. Comparison of workmen’s compensation insurance and administration. [1922.] N o. 312. National health insurance in Great Britain, 1911 to 1921. N o. 379. Comparison of workmen’s compensation laws of the United States as of January 1,1925. N o. 423. Workmen’s compensation legislation of the United States and Canada as of July 1,1926. No. 477. Public-service retirement systems, United States and Europe. [1928.] Miscellaneous Series. *No. 174. Subject index of the publications of the United States Bureau of Labor Statistics up to M a y 1, 1915. N o. 208. Profit sharing in the United States. [1916.] N o. 242. Food situation in central Europe, 1917. N o. 254. International labor legislation and the society of nations. [1919.] N o. 268. Historical survey of international action affecting labor. [1920.] No. 282. Mutual relief associations among Government employees in Washington, D . C. [1921.] N o. 299. Personnel research agencies: A guide to organized research in employment management, industrial relations, training, and working condifions. [1921.] N o. 319. The Bureau of Labor Statistics: Its history, activities, and organization. [1922.] N o. 326. Methods of procuring and computing statistical information of the Bureau of Labor Statistics. [1923.] N o. N o. N o. N o. N o. No. N o. N o. N o. N o. N o. N o. N o. 342. 346. 372. 386. 398. 401. 420. 439. 461. 462. 465. 479. 489. International Seamen’s Union of America: A study of its history and problems. Humanity in government. [1923.] Convict labor in 1923. Cost of American almshouses. [1925.] Growth of legal-aid work in the United States. [1926.] Family allowance in foreign countries. [1926.] Handbook of American trade-unions. [1926.] Handbook of labor statistics, 1924 to 1928. Labor organizations in Chile. [1928.] Park recreation areas in the United States. [1928.] Beneficial activities of American trade-unions. [1928.] Activities and functions of a State department of labor. [1928.] Care of the aged in the United States. (In press.) [V] [1923.1