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AREAS AND POLITICAL DIVISIONS OP THE UNITED STATES .770- >874.
B Y S. W. S T O C K IN G , U N IT E D S T A T E S P A T E N T O F F IC E .
[PLATE XV ]
H E Area Map [Plate X V .] and this explanatory text with tables are an amplifica
tion of the Area Map and “ Historical N otes” in Volume I. of the Ninth Census
of the United States [1870]. The map is intended to display the areal changes
occasioned by successive political boundaries during the era of States. Upon it extensive
tracts of territory including more than an existing State or Territory, and also the present
States or Territories, are designated by name, and minor parcels are distinguished by
letter.
The matter explanatory of the map consists of— rst An alphabetical list (pp. 3 to 6)
of existent and obsolete civil divisions. Under the name of each existing civil division,
is placed a brief description of each parcel of land which contributes to its present area.
Here the parcels are specified by their letters on the map. 2d. A Table (pp. 8 to 9)
showing the original extent and subsequent areal changes of each political division, and the
transfers, among such divisions of each parcel of territory smaller than the political division
of which it is now a part. Here, also, the parcels are designated by the letters which they bear
upon the map. By the combined use of this table and the map any reader can easily recon
stitute the States and Territories as they were at any one of the numerous dates indicated,
and by means of tracing-paper, draw in a few minutes a map of the United States which
shall be true and precise for the date taken. 3d. A Table (p. 7) presenting area and
population, together with average density of settlement at the successive censuses.
The area of the United States in its original extent and its subsequent accessions,
though represented on the map in colored masses, with names and dates, yet requires a
more precise and ample presentation. To this the remainder of the text is devoted.
A map, dated a. ix 1776, covering territory co-extcnsive with the United States a. n.
1874, presents these features : A t the northeast, but south of the River St. Lawrence, Massa
chusetts begins with the former Sagadahoc territory and province of Maine, continues over
its present area to New York, while, westward of Pennsylvania, broadening from the lati
tude of its present southern boundary to that of Lake Winnipiseogee in New Hampshire,
it reaches a western limit on the River Mississippi. New York has its present area, and
north of Massachusetts has a boundary on New Hampshire, which extends between New
York and the northeastern spur of Massachusetts. Rhode Island appears as on the maps of
to-day. Connecticut has its present area, while beyond Pennsylvania it extends to the River
Mississippi. Pennsylvania has no corner, as now, between New York and Lake Erie. New
Jersey, Delaware, and Maryland present forms familiar to modem maps. Virginia reaches
over to the Mississippi river and northward to the western territory of Connecticut. North
Carolina and Georgia, in full width, and South Carolina, in a narrow belt, enfold the land
to the common western river. On the south of Georgia, peninsular East Florida trends
westward to the River Appalachicola, and West Florida asserts a disputed northern limit
at the parallel of the mouth of the Yazoo river in the westland of Georgia. Quebec,
reaching southward over the southern trapping grounds of the Hudson’s Bay Company
and over the western lands of Massachusetts, Connecticut, and Virginia, claims to cover
the whole territory between the Ohio and Mississippi rivers and the great lakes. Between
the Mississippi riv^r and the Stony Mountains, lies Louisiana, a Spanish dependency.
Beyond to the Pacific stretches the vast expanse of the older Spanish America. And at
the extreme northwest, there points towards the opposing continent a peninsula whose for
bidding coast has been hitherto but a few times visited by European navigators.
The British dependencies which thus occupied the land east of the Mississippi— the
Floridas and Quebec excepted— by the acts of their delegates in Congress (1776) became
the original Thirteen States. In the next year (November 15, 1777) their Congress, as a
basis of a general government, adopted Articles of Confederation. The first of these Arti
cles reads, “ The style of this Confederacy shall be the United States of America” The
Articles were referred to the several Stales for their approval. The different views respect
ing the unsettled lands at the west were the chief hindrance to the ratification of the
Articles and the completion of the Confederacy. Each State carefully claimed the largest
extent of soil and jurisdiction which its most favorable charter or the most liberal con
struction of acts of discovery and exploration could be made to comprehend. The doc
trine was maintained that each State succeeded to royal rights and domain within its
limits; and that right of soil and jurisdiction so vested in the State could not, against
its will, be deported to any Confederacy. Hence the seven States having extensive
claims to western lands tenaciously resisted any attempt to restrict their boundaries in
behalf of the Confederacy, while the six States whose areas had precise limitation and
small extent from the eastern sea-coast, as earnestly insisted that, as the unoccupied west
must be conquered or defended from inroad by the joint efforts and at the common
expense of all, so it should be possessed by the general government for the common welfare.
The immediate result of the controversy appears in two provisions of the Articles of Confed
eration. One asserts that “ each State retains its sovereignty, freedom and independence,
and evety power, jurisdiction, and right” not expressly delegated to the United States;
and another, after prescribing a court and procedure for the settlement of areal and other
disputes between States,concludes with," Provided, also, that no State shall be deprived of
territory for the benefit of the United States.” These provisions were unsatisfactory to
T
the States having small areas, and their approvals to the Articles were given singly and with
reluctance. Maryland, sturdily asserting her right in common with all other States to a
share in the western lands, at last stood alone in dissent. Then Congress, by Resolutions
(September 6 and October 10, 1780), urged upon the States the policy of surrendering to
the United States a portion of their unoccupied western territory, and asserted the condi
tions which should bind the Confederacy on the acceptance of such cessions. These, briefly
stated, were guarantees that the ceded lands should be used for the common benefit, and
when peopled should be divided into republican States to be admitted into the Confederacy
on an equality with its original States. Thereupon New York, Connecticut, and Virginia
offered to cede their western lands, and upon this evidence that there would be a western
public domain, Maryland authorized its delegates in Congress to sign the Articles of Con
federation, which they did on the day of the first (New York) cession, and by their signa
tures completed the Confederacy.
[The States ratified the Articles of Confederation by the signatures of their delegates in Congress, in the fol
lowing order : In 1778; July 9, Massachusetts Bay, Rhode Island and Providence Plantations, Connecticut,
New \ ork, Virginia, and South Carolina; July 21, North Carolina; July 22, Pennsylvania; July 24, Georgia;
August 8, New Hampshire; November 26, New Jersey. In 1779; February 12, and May 5, Delaware; and
finally m 1781, March 1, Maryland.]
A s these authorized cessions were not then made, other States held warily to their
unsettled wilds. Again and again Congress, first by an address to the States (April 18,
1783). afterward by a Resolution (April 29, 1784), urged territorial concessions as a source of
common revenue, a removal of jurisdictional and other disputes, and a means for promo
ting and perpetuating the harmony and unity of the States. One after another the States
made their cessions until Georgia (1802) made the final response to the appeal.
[The prominent details of these cessions may be presented chronologically as follows :
N av York authorized a cession in February 1780, and executed it March 1, 1781. It was renewed by deed
April 19, 1785. The claims ceded were titles acquired by treaties with the Six Nations o f Indians and covered
the whole territory from the lower of the Great Lakes southward across the valley o f the River Ohio as far as the
Cumberland Mountains. October 29, 1782, the cession was accepted by the United States.
Virginia offered to cede, by Act of Januaiy 2, 1781. Congress, by Act of September 13, 1783, agreed to
accept the cession as offered. Thereupon Virginia, by Act of October 20, 1783, authorized its delegates in Con
gress to complete the transfer, which was done by deed, March 1, 1784. The deed conveyed all the title and
claims of the State o f Virginia to territory northwest o f the River Ohio. Virginia, by virtue of conquests of her
militia, asserted title as far north as Lakes Erie and Michigan, but due recognition of the ancient charter boun
dary of the colony o f Connecticut, places the northern limit o f the cession on the forty-first parallel o f north lati
tude and permits it to comprise only those parts of the States of Ohio, Indiana, and Illinois, situated south of
that parallel. In this cession there was reserved to the State of Virginia, as military bounty lands for her soldiery,
both in the militia and in the Continental line, the entire territory (6,570 square miles) in the present State of
Ohio, and between the Scioto and Little Miami rivers from their sources to the River Ohio.
Massachusetts, November 13, 1784, authorized a cession by her delegates in Congress. April 18, 1875,
Congress agreed to accept the cession, and April 19, 1785, it was executed. It included all title of the State of
Massachusetts to territory west of the present western boundary o f the State of New York, and covered the land
from the State of Pennsylvania to the Mississippi river, and giving the full extent of the first charter o f the
colony, between the latitude o f the southern boundary of the western extremity o f the present State of Massa
chusetts and the latitude of a league north o f the inflow o f Lake Winnipiseogee in the State o f New Hampshire.
Connecticut, October 10, 1780, having offered to cede with restrictions which were unsatisfactory to the United
States, on the second I hursday o f May, 1786, again authorized a cession. May 26, 1786, Congress expressed
readiness to accept the cession as proposed; and September 14, 1786, the cession was accomplished by the exe
cution of a deed and its acceptance by Congress. This cession embraced the soil and jurisdiction of the terri
tory east o f the River Mississippi between the latitudinal parallels o f 41° and 42°2', and west of a meridian one
hundred and twenty miles west of the present western limit of the State of Pennsylvania. Connecticut, by Act
of October, 1797, authorized the release to the United States of jurisdiction over the land between the eastern
boundary of her former cession and the present western boundary of the State of Pennsylvania. This transfer
was consummated May 30, 1800. The State retained the right of soil in the same territory, which, lying in the
present State of Ohio between 4 1n and 42°2', and reaching from the western bounc(ary of the State o f Pennsyl
vania westward one hundred and twenty miles, has ever since been known as “ The Western Reserve o f Con
necticut.” In 1792 the State conveyed five hundred thousand acres in the western part o f this reserve to certain
of its citizens as compensation for their property destroyed by fire and pillage during the Revolution. September
9 < * 7 9 5 ’ ^ e State alienated the remainder of this Reserve for one million and two hundred thousand dollars.
This sum was appropriated as a fund whose annual interest is pledged to the support o f schools.
South Carolitia, August 19, 1787, by her delegates in Congress, authorized by a previous act o f the State
Legislature, executed a deed o f cession, and April 2, 1790, Congress accepted the deed. It conveyed an oblong
parcel o f land from twelve to fourteen miles in width and now forming the northernmost portions o f the States of
Georgia, Alabama, and Mississippi.
North Carolina, December 22, 1789, by Act, authorized a cession. Pursuant to that Act, the Senators of
the State in Congress executed a deed of cession, which the United States accepted by Act o f April 2, 1790.
The deed conveyed the area o f the present State o f Tennessee.
Georgia, February 5, 1788, by Act, authorized its delegates in Congress to cede to the United States sub
stantially that territory o f the former British Province of West Florida which projects north o f the 31st parallel
of north latitude. Congress, by Resolution of July 15, 1788, rejected this proposed cession. April 7,1798, Con
gress, by Act, authorized a Commission to meet a like Commission from the State o f Georgia empowered to treat
concerning the conflicting territorial claims of the Confederacy and the State. By A ct of May 10, 1800, Congress
authorized the Commissioners on the part of the United States to finally settle the controversy and pass cessions.
April 2 }, 1802, by Articles o f agreement and cession entered into by these commissioners, Georgia ceded to the
United States her claims to the whole territory between her present western boundary, shortened at its northern
end by twelve to fourteen miles (the western limit o f T on the map), and the River Mississippi ; while the United
States ceded to Georgia that part o f the cession by South Carolina to the United States which lies east o f the
present western boundary of Georgia ( T ). These Articles were ratified by the State o f Georgia, June 16, 1802.
This agreement included, among others, provisions for— 1st, payment, out o f proceeds from the sale of land
in the cession, of $1,250,000 to the State of Georgia as a reimbursement o f its expenses in relation to the terri
tory ceded ; 2d, the appropriation o f 500,000 acres, or the proceeds of at most that quantity of land, to satisfythe claims against the land o f the cession; and 3d, extinguishment o f the Indian title to specified parts of the
cession. It resulted that the United States, in addition to the cession to Georgia, paid not far from $3,000,000 for
this cession from Georgia.]
The O riginal Public Land o f the United States.— The Confederacy asserted jurisdiction
over all of that portion of the present territory of the United States east of the Mississippi
river from the present British possessions on the north to Florida on the south. The con
2
AREAS AN D
P O L IT IC A L D IV IS IO N S OF T H E U N ITE D STATES, 1776— 1874.
cessions from the States to the Confederacy, which have been described, divided this region
into two distinctive portions: one along the coast, whose soil was vested in the thirteen
States in severalty; another, inland, whose soil and exclusive jurisdiction were possessed by
the Confederacy. These State and Federal domains were separated by an irregular line
along the present western boundaries of the States of New York, Pennsylvania, West V ir
ginia, North Carolina and Georgia. Westward of this line, and separated into two parcels
by the territory of the present State of Kentucky, lay the original public domain of the
young Confederacy, comprising 406,952 square miles, while the aggregate area of the
thirteen States was but 420,892 square miles.
The O riginal Territorial Government.— Plans for the erection of governments on
this domain, early engaged the attention of the Congress of the Confederacy. Coincident
with the cession by Virginia, Jefferson, its delegate in Congress, anticipating prompt ces
sions from the remaining States, reported from a committee a plan of government for the
whole public territory. This plan required seventeen new States, each covering about
two degrees of latitude, arranged in two tiers separated by meridians, each tier containing
eight States, the seventeenth State to be east of the eastern tier and between the Ohio
River and the western boundary of Pennsylvania. The report included the famous proviso
that “ after the year 1800, there shall be neither slavery nor involuntary servitude in any of
the said States other than in the punishment of crimes, whereof the party shall have been
duly convicted.” When the proviso was put to vote three States were unrepresented.
Three, Maryland, Virginia and South Carolina, voted nay— North Carolina was divided.
The four New England States, with New York and Pennsylvania, voted aye. Failing
to receive the additional vote necessaiy to complete a majority, the proviso was stricken
out of the report, which was thereupon adopted. This ordinance was in no instance
applied in erection of a government.
Again (July 13, 1787), soon after the region northwest of the River Ohio had been
transferred to the Confederacy by the cessions of New York, Virginia, Massachusetts and
Connecticut, another ordinance was enacted, erecting “ The territory northwest of the
River Ohio.” To this ordinance were appended six articles, the last of which provided for
the future formation, on the land within the Territory, of not less than three nor more than
five States, as follows: the western State, between the Mississippi, Ohio, and Wabash Rivers
and a north line from Port Vincent on the latter river to British territory; the middle
State, between the last recited line, the Ohio River and a north line from the mouth of the
Great Miami to the border line; the eastern State, between the last described line, the Ohio
River, the State of Pennsylvania and the national boundary. Authority was reserved to
create two States in that part of the territory north of the latitudinal parallel of the southern
extremity of Lake Michigan. It will be noticed that the meridional boundaries between
those projected States which were plotted on the River Ohio now separate the States of
Illinois, Indiana and Ohio, while the northern part of the original Territory has included the
entire States of Michigan and Wisconsin, and furnished a part of the territory of the State
of Minnesota.
Article V I. of the Ordinance of 1787 was as follows: “ There shall be neither slavery
nor involuntary servitude in the said territory, otherwise than in punishment of crimes,
whereof the party shall have been duly convicted : Provided always that any person escap
ing into the same, from whom labor or service is lawfully claimed, in any one of the original
States, such fugitive may be lawfully reclaimed and conveyed to the person claiming his
or her labor or service as aforesaid” This inhibition of slavery, save that it was imme
diate, is in the very terms of the defeated proviso in the first or Jeffersonian project. A t
the submission of this ordinance to vote, eight States were represented in Congress and
all voted for the measure. The passage of the Article was possibly secured by the appension of the proviso respecting the return of fugitives from slavery and by the tacit
understanding that slavery would be permitted in the public domain south of the Ohio
River.
O riginal Area o f the United States.— Meanwhile, and prior to the last two of the
cessions by the States, the independence of the States forming the Confederacy had been
recognized by Great Britain in the Provisional Treaty of Peace signed at Paris, November
30,1782, and in the definitive Treaty of Peace between Great Britain and the United States
concluded at Paris, September 3, 1783. By the second Article of the Treaty, the bounda
ries of the territory of the United States were declared.
[In substance they ran from the mouth of the St. Croix River to its head and thence “ due north from fhe
source of the St. Croix River to the Highlands ; along the said Highlands which divide those rivers that empty
themselves into the River St. Lawrence from those which fall into the Atlantic Ocean, to the northwesternmost
head of the Connecticut River,” and down that river to and westward along the forty-fifth parallel, to and along
the middle of the Ontario, Erie, Huron, Superior, and Long Lakes and their water connections “ to the most
northwestern point of the Lake of the Woods, and thence on a due west course to the River Mississippi,” thence
down the middle of that river to and along the thirty-first parallel, to and along the middle of the River Appalachicola to its junction with the Flint River, and thence straight to the head of and down the River St. Mary’s
to the Atlantic Ocean, and included all islands within twenty leagues of the Atlantic coast.]
The western and southern boundaries of this original area of the United States were
confirmed by treaty with Spain, the contiguous owner, October 27, 1795. The northern
line was the subject of protracted and difficult negotiations with Great Britain. The
Treaty of London, November 19, 1794, included provisions for determining the River S t
Croix and its source, and the source of the Mississippi River. By Treaty of Ghent,
December 24, 1814, three Commissions were authorized: one to settle title to islands off
the coast of Maine ; another, to determine the boundary from the source of the River St.
Croix to the River S t Lawrence; and a third, to lay the line from the River St. Lawrence
to the western point of Lake Huron, and also, as a separate duty, thence to the most north
western water of the Lake of the Woods. The first Commission, November 24, 1807,
awarded Moore, Dudley and Frederick islands to the United States and all other islands
in Passamaquoddy Bay, and also the Isle of Grand Menan to Great Britain. The third
Commission defined their portion of the boundary line in their decision dated at Utica,
New York, June 18, 1822. The second Commission failed to agree, and after repeated
attempts, all disputes affecting this boundary of the Treaty of 1783 were adjusted by the
Webster-Ashburton Treaty of Washington, August 9,1842, where may be found the present
line from the Atlantic Ocean to the S t Lawrence River, and from the western terminus of
the work of the Utica Commission, to the westernmost water of the Lake of the Woods, and
thence— confirming the Treaty of October 20, 1818— due south to the forty-ninth parallel.
It will be seen that the United States commenced its career as an acknowledged
government with the landed area which it now possesses east of the River Mississippi and
north of the State of Florida, and, westward of that State, north of the thirty-first parallel,
being an extent of 827,844 square miles.
The Union o f the United States o f America.— The States having found their Con
federacy too feeble for the exigencies of a protracted war for independence, provided “ a
more perfect union ” by adopting (September 17, 1787), in the Congress of the Confed
eracy, the Constitution of the United States, with provisions for its submission to the
several States for ratification by conventions to be called by the Legislatures and chosen
by the people in each State. The last ratification was secured within three years of the
adoption of the Constitution by Congress, when the Union consisted of the Thirteen
States and the one Territory of the Confederacy.
[The States ratified the Constitution of the Union by signatures o f their Delegates in succession as follows :
Delaware, December 7, 1787; Pennsylvania, December 12, 1787; New Jersey, December 18, 1787; Georgia.
January 2, 1788; Connecticut, January 9, 1788; Massachusetts, February 6, 1788; Maryland, April 28, 1788;
South Carolina, May 23, 1788 : New Hampshire, June 21, 1788; Virginia, June 26, 1788 ; New York, July 26,
1788; North Carolina, November 21, 1789; Rhode Island, May 29, 1790.
The ratification o f nine States was sufficient to establish this union between the ratifying States. Accord
ingly the ratification o f New Hampshire established, and that of Rhode Island completed, the Union. ]
C
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The French Cession.— Spain having held during thirty-seven years the Province of
Louisiana which she had received (1763) from France, receded it October 1, 1800, to
France, and France, April 30, 1803, ceded it to the United States. After this accession
negotiations with Great Britain were begun, to determine its northern boundary. In 1807
an agreement was reached, but not formally perfected, and, the war of 1812 intervening,
the settlement of the boundary was deferred to October 20, 1818, when, by Convention, it
was extended from the most northwestern point of the Lake of the Woods to and along
the 49th parallel to the Stony [Rocky] Mountains. The line was extended no further
westward, among other reasons, in order that no offence might be given to Spain, which
asserted title by discovery to the whole Pacific slope of the continent. Y et it was agreed,
to prevent collisions, and without prejudice to the claims of the parties or of outside
powers, that any country claimed by either party to the convention should be free to both
parties during ten years. The part of the eastern boundary of this cession, on the Missis
sippi River as far south as the 31st parallel, and its southeastern boundary on the Gulf of
Mexico, were undisputed. But the remainder of the eastern and the whole of the western
boundary was in controversy between the United States and Spain. The western limit at
the north, as asserted by France and maintained by the United States, was the Pacific Ocean.
Spain, however, claimed title— by prior discovery on the northwestern coast— as far east
ward as the Rocky Mountains; and held that— as against such discovery— the title of
France, rested solely on discovery and exploration of the River Mississippi, covered no
more than the basin drained by that river and its tributaries, and consequently ended
westwardlyat the Rocky Mountains. A t the southwest, the United States maintained an
extent of the French cession, including the country east of the Rio Grande. But Spain
having long kept a line of garrisons in that region, held the French territory to have been
bounded by the Sabine River. These conflicting demands were satisfied by Treaty at
Washington, February 22, 1819. By this authority, the border line between Spanish
possessions in the southwest and the territory of the United States ran from the Gulf ol
Mexico up the western bank of the Sabine River to the 31 st parallel of north latitude,
thence north to and along the Red River, to and along the 23d meridian (100th Green
wich), to and along the southern bank of the Arkansas River to its source, and thence due
north to and along the 42d degree of north latitude to the Pacific Ocean. This line, in
this discussion, will be regarded as having been the southwestern boundary of the Province
of Louisiana. On the east the Treaty of 1763 had confined the French cession to the
Mississippi River as far south as the 31st parallel, whence eastward various boundaries have
been asserted.
[The United States construed the cession o f France (1803) to include all o f the region between the 31st
parallel and the Gulf of Mexico, and between the Mississippi River and the Perdido River, now the western
boundary of the State of Florida. The ground of this construction seems to have been that the original Province
of Louisiana extended eastward to the Perdido, and that, if France, at its cession to Spain, had not actual posses
sion, it yet had a possessory right reaching to the Perdido, which it ceded to Spain (1763)1 w’bich Spain receded
to France (1800), and which France (1803) ceded to the United States.
On the contrary, Spain asserted that the Province of Louisiana had its boundary at the southeast as expressed
in the Treaty o f 1763 between Great Britain ar.d France, namely, “ The River Iberville and Fakes Maurepas and
Pontchartrain,” the waters skirting the so-called “ Island of New Orleans,” westerly and southerly from the River
Mississippi to the G ulf o f Mexico, and that the successive transfers had carried that province with that eastern
boundary' into the possession of the United States. Under this construction o f the cession of 1803, it embraced,
east of the Mississippi, only the small “ Island of New Orleans.” ]
Under the construction of the cession adopted by the United States, the Province of
Louisiana is now covered by those portions of the States of Alabama and Mississippi
which lie south of the 31st parallel, by the entire States of Louisiana, Arkansas, Missouri,
Iowa, Nebraska, and Oregon, and by that part of the State of Minnesota west of the Mis
sissippi River and all that part of the State of Kansas on the North of the Arkansas
River and east of the 23d meridian (100th Greenwich); by the entire Territories of
Dakota, Washington, Idaho, and Montana, the part of the Territory of Colorado east of the
Rocky Mountains and north of the Arkansas River, by that entire part of the Territory of
Wyoming north of the 42d parallel and east of the meridian of the source of the River
Arkansas and by what is known as the Indian Country. This accession of area for which
the United States paid, in principal and in interest, more than $23,500,000, added (adopting
the United States view of the cession), 1,171,93 t square miles to the public domain, ex
tended the United States from ocean to ocean, and completed its possession of the central
river and basin of the Continent
The Spanish Cession— The next addition to the area of the United States was con
tributed by Spain. A t the time of the conclusion of the Definitive Treaty of Peace
between the United States and Great Britain (September 3, 1783), Great Britain ceded to
Spain the Provinces of East and West Florida without definition of their boundaries.
Hence arose two opponent constructions of the Treaty, affecting theproiince of \\ est
Florida. Great Britain held the northern boundary of the province which she ceded to
be the 31st parallel from the Appalachicola to the Mississippi River, and b\ a simultane-
AREA
AND
P O L IT IC A L
D IV IS IO N S
ous treaty acknowledged the territory north of that parallel to belong to the United States,
which government also adhered to a boundary on the 31st parallel. In opposition, Spain
claimed that, by the Treaty, the province of West Florida was ceded, and that, on the day
of the Treaty the province remained as extended May 15, 1767, by Great Britain, including
the country between the same rivers as bounded the original province and northward from
the 31st parallel to that of the mouth of the Yazoo River. This country Spain took into
possession and held until, by authority of Joint Resolution of Congress, January 15, 1811,
and Acts of the same date and of March 3 ,1811, passed in secret session, and first published
in 1818, the United States took it into possession. On February 22, 1819, the controversy
was ended by the Treaty of Washington, whereby Spain ceded to the United States its
Provinces of East and West Florida In accordance with the construction maintained by
the United States respecting the southeastern limit of the French cession and the northern
limit of the Spanish cession, the latter added the territory of the present State of Florida,
59,268 square miles, to the area of the United States at a cost of nearly six and one-half
millions of dollars.
By the same Treaty, Spain agreed to that line between her western American posses
sions and the United States which has herein been adopted as the southwestern boundary
of the French cession, and ceded to the United States all her claims to any territory east
or north of that line.
After this cession by Spain, Great Britain and the United States had only their own
rights to consider in the settlement of the northwestern boundary. Hitherto the line had
rested on the forty-ninth parallel of north latitude at the Rocky Mountains. By Article I.
of the Treaty of 1846, it was stipulated that the boundary should be extended from the
Rocky Mountains westward along the same (49th) parallel “ to the middle of the channel
which separates the continent from Vancouver’s Island, and thence southerly through the
middle of the said channel and of Fuca’s Straits to the Pacific Ocean.” The British
government claimed that the “ channel” of this Article of the Treaty is the so-called Straits
of Rosario. The United States maintained it to be the Canal de Haro. The question
was submitted to the arbitrament of William I. Emperor of Germany, who gave decision
October 21, 1872, in favor of the Canal de Haro. So it has required nearly ninety years
for the national boundary at the north to traverse the continent.
The Texan Annexation.— The next expansion of the limits of the United States
was southwestward. The United Mexican States having achieved their independence of
Spain, under the Treaty at Cordova February 24, 1821, by Treaty of Mexico, January 12,
1828, ratified that boundary with the United States of America which had been acknowl
edged (1819) by Spain, when possessed of their territory. Subsequently the people of
“ Texas and Coahuila,” one of the United States of Mexico, revolted from the authority of
that Republic, and in convention March 2, 1836, declared the Independent Republic of
Texas. By an act of the legislature of that republic passed December 19, 1836, its boun
daries were declared to be on the north and east the old line settled (1819) by the United
States and Spain, and on the south and west from the mouth of the River Sabine and three
leagues from the coast to the mouth of and up the Rio Grande to its source and thence
due north to the 42d parallel of north latitude. By Joint Resolution of March 3, 1837,
the United States of America acknowledged the independence of the Republic of Texas;
by Joint Resolution of March 1, 1845, gave assent to the admission of Texas as a State
into the Union ; and by Joint Resolution of December 29, 1845, the Republic, with the
limits just now recited, was declared to be one of the United States of America. This
was an annexation of 376,163 square miles of territory making the total area of the
United States 2,435,176 square miles.
The Mexican Cessions.— The old Spanish provinces of Texas and of Coahuila, were
separated by the River Nueces. A t the institution of the Mexican Republic these provinces
were united as the State of “ Texas and Coahuila.” The River Nueces was, however, still
regarded as the future boundary between the probable separate States of Texas and of
Coahuila as contemplated by the Constitution of the United Mexican States. On the
annexation of the Republic of Texas to the United States of America, Mexico insisted
that Texas only— and not Coahuila— had revolted, and consequently that its proper western
boundary lay on the River Nueces. On the contrary, the Texan Republic had asserted a
wider revolt and a western boundary on the Rio Grande. The United States annexed
Texas as bounded on the west by the Rio Grande and maintained that boundary. The
ensuing war was concluded by a Treaty ( February 2, 1848), wherein the United States of
Mexico ceded to the United States of America all claims to the area asserted by the former
Republic of Texas, and to the vast tract of land west of the Rio Grande and of a meridian
from its source to the 42d parallel of north latitude, south of that parallel, east of the Pacific
Ocean and north of the present boundary of the United States, excepting the Mesilla
valley south of the River Gila.
The latter territory, known as the Gadsden Purchase, was ceded by Mexico, December
30th, 1853.
The money consideration passing from the United States for the first Mexican cession
was Si 5,000,000, and for the second cession $10,000,00a The first cession (exclusive of the
“ Texan annexation”) added 545,783 square miles, and the second cession 45,535 square
miles to the area of the United States, and increased it to an aggregate of 3.026494 square
miles.
Russian Cession.— There remains to be noticed but one further increment to the area
of the United States. Russia, by Treaty of March 30, 1867, ratified June 20, 1867, for con
sideration of $7,200,000, ceded her territory in America, which has been named Alaska
[On the east this cession has limit on the line which, by Treaty between Great Britain and Russia (1825)
separated their territory. It begins at the southernmost point of Prince of Wales Island, which is on the parallel
of 54’ 40, runs northward along Portland Channel to the junction o f the fifty-sixth parallel o f north latitude
with the Continent, and thence along the summits o f the mountains parallel to the coast to and along the one
hundred and forty-first meridian to the Arctic Ocean. But where the crest o f the mountains skirting the coast
from the specified parallel to the meridian is more than ten marine leagues from the ocean, there the boundary
is a line not more than ten marine leagues from the coast and parallel to its windings. The remainder of the
boundary of this Russian cession originated in the Treaty by which the cession was nade. It commences in
the Arctic Ocean on the 64th meridian of West Longitude (141st Greenwich) descends Behring Straits midwav
between the islands o f Krusenstem and Radmanov to 65° 30' (142 30’ Greenwich; just south o f the nearest
points o f Asia and America, continues between the island o f S t Lawrence and Cape Chonkotski to the 95th
meridian (i72d Greenwich), thence midway between Alton and Copper Islands to 1160 (167 East Longitude
from Greenwich), and thence coastwise to include the Aleutian Isles.]
Alaska is separated from the main territory of the United States by that western part
OF
THE
U N IT E D
STATES,
1776— 1874.
of the British Possessions which iies between the paiahels of 54" 40 and 49° north latitude,
its southernmost point being nearly four hundred miles distant from the northern boundary
of the Territory of Washington. Its area is estimated at 577,390 square miles.
Summary o f the Area o f the United States.— The Russian cession completed the
present area of the United States. Originally, as limited by Treaty with Great Britain
(1 783), this area— expressed in square miles— was (after the cessions of States to the United
States), in the States, 420,892; out of the States, 406.952,— in all, 827,844. The additions
are (1803), from France, the province of Louisiana, 1,171,931 ; (1819) from Spain, Florida,
59,268; (1845) the Texan annexation, 376,133; (1848) the first Mexican cession, 545,783;
(1853) the second Mexican cession, 45,535 ; and finally (1867) the Russian cession Alaska,
577>39°>— making the total area of the United States 3,603,884 square miles.
D escription
of the
P arcels of T erritory C omposing each E xisting
P olitical D ivision of the U nited S tates.
or
O bsolete
[The italic letters refer to the Area Map, Tlate X K ]
A labama, the State of: area, 50,722 sq. m.; is composed of A , B, C, and D, ceded by
the States of Georgia and South Carolina, and by France.
A . Alabama, now in the State o f : estimated area, 1,700 sq.m. Isa strip of land twelve
to fourteen miles wide across the northern part of the State and adjoining the southern boun
dary of the State of Tennessee. Ceded by the State of South Carolina. Transfers : from the
Territory south of the River Ohio to the Mississippi Territory and to the State of Alabama.
B. Alabama, now in the State of: estimated area, 27,722 sq.m. Lies between the
States of Georgia and Mississippi and between A and a line drawn due east from the
mouth of the Yazoo River to the Chattahoochee River. Ceded by the State of Georgia.
Transfers: from the Mississippi Territory to the State of Alabama
C. Alabama, now in the State of: estimated area, 19,000 sq. m. Between the States
of Georgia and Mississippi and the southern boundary of B and the 31st parallel. Ceded
by the State of Georgia Transfers: from the Mississippi Territory to the State of
Alabama
D. Alabama, now in the State of: estimated area, 2,300 sq. m. Between the Perdido
River and the State of Mississippi and between the 31st parallel and the Gulf of Mexico
Ceded by France. Transfers: from the Mississippi Territory to the State of Alabama
A laska, (the unorganized territory of:) area, 577,390 sq. m. Ceded by Russia.
[See Russian Cession, ante.]
A rizona, the Territory of: area, originally, 126,141 sq.m. Consisted of E and B i ;
Ck was added from Mexico and B i was transferred to the State of Nevada; now consists
of E and Ck ; area, 113,916 sq.m. Ceded by Mexico. Transfers : from the Territory of
New Mexico to the Territory of Arizona.
E . Arizona, now in the Territory of: estimated area, 82,381 sq. m. All of the terri
tory north of the River Gila. Ceded by Mexico in 1848. Transfers: from the Territory
of New Mexico to the Territory of Arizona.
Ck. Arizona, now in the Territory of: estimated area, 31,535 sq.m. The part of the
territory south of the River Gila. Ceded by Mexico in 1853. Transfers : from the Terri
tory of New Mexico to the Territory of Arizona.
A rkansaw T erritory (obsolete) was F\ 52,198 sq. m. Ceded by France. Trans
fers : from the Province of Louisiana, to the District of Louisiana, to the Territory of Lou
isiana, to Arkansaw Territory*
A rkansas, the State of: identical in extent with Arkansaw Territory.
C alifornia , the State of: area, 188,981 sq. m. Ceded by Mexico.
C olorado, the Territory of: area, 104,500 sq. m. Composed of H, /, J, I<, and L
Ceded by France and Mexico.
//. Colorado, now in the Territory of: area, 4,000 sq. m. Bounded on the north by
the Arkansas River, east by the 25th meridian, south by the 37th parallel, and west by the
26th meridian. Ceded by the State of Texas. Transfers: from the Territory of Kansas
to the Territory of Colorado.
/. Colorado, now in the Territory of: area, 14,000 sq. m. Bounded on the north and
south by the 38th and 37th parallels, east by the 26th meridian, and west by the Rocky
Mountains. Ceded, the part north of the Arkansas River (if any), by France; south of
the river, by the State of Texas. Transfers: from the Territory of New Mexico to the
Territory of Colorado.
J. Colorado, now in the Territory o f : area, 40,965 sq. m. Bounded north by the 40th
parallel, east by the 25th meridian, south by the Arkansas River westward to the 26th
meridian and by the 38th parallel, and on the west by the Rocky Mountains. Ceded by
France. Transfers: from the Territory of Kansas (being, with //, the portion of the
Territory of Kansas which was not included in the State of Kansas) to the Territory of
Colorado.
K . Colorado, now in the Territory of: area, 16,035 S(l- m- Bounded north and south
by the 41st and 40th parallels, cast by the 25th meridian, and west by the Rocky Moun
tains. Ceded by France. Transfers: from the original Territory of Nebraska to the Terri
tory of Colorado.
L. Colorado, now in the Territory o f : area, 29,500 sq. m. Bounded north and south
by the 41st and 37th parallels,east by the Rocky Mountains, and west by the 32d meridian.
Ceded by Mexico. Transfers: from the Territory of Utah to the Territory of Colorado.
C onnecticut, the State o f : area, 4,750 sq. m. One of the original thirteen States. A t
first extended westward to the Mississippi By two cessions [see Cessions by States,ante]
Connecticut ceded to the United States all claims to territory west of the State of Penn
sylvania, excepting a reservation in the State of Ohio. There remained a claim to the
northern part of the State of Pennsylvania. By virtue of it, Connecticut granted lands in
the valley of Wyoming, on which the grantees, emigrants from Connecticut, settled, and
erected civil governments in conflict with those of the State of Pennsylvania. During the
existence of the Confederacy, the conflicting claims of these States were submitted to a
* A s all o f the parcels of territory west of the Mississippi River which were ceded by France (save that part o f the State
of Louisiana lying west of the River Mississippi) were successively in the Province, the District, and the Territory of Louisi
ana, mention of these transfers will be omitted in subsequent descriptions of parcels.
4
AREAS
AND
P O L IT IC A L
D IV IS IO N S
federal court organized under a provision of one of the Articles of Confederation, and
judgment was rendered (1782) giving title of the lands in question to Pennsylvania.
D akota , the Territory o f : area, 150,932 sq. m. A t first it consisted of N , O, P, Bd,
and A y ; area, 310,867 sq. m.: then Bd, P, and A y were set off to the Territory of Idaho;
area then, 148,932 sq. m .: next, Bd, P, Be, B f, and Be were received from the Territory of
Idaho ; area then, 240,597 sq. m.: next were transferred to the Territory of Wyoming all of
the parcels last above mentioned, excepting P, which has since been taken into the Terri
tory of Montana. The Territory of Dakota now consists of N and O.
N . Dakota, now in the Territory' of: area, 81,960 sq. m. Bounded north by the 49th
parallel, east by the western boundary of the States of Minnesota and Iowa, south by the
Missouri River, and west by the Missouri and White Earth Rivers. Ceded by France.
Transfers : from the Territory of Missouri to the Territories of Michigan, Wisconsin, Iowa,
Minnesota, and Dakota.
O. Dakota, now in the Territory o f : area, 66,972 sq. m. Bounded north by the 49th
parallel, east by the White Earth and Missouri Rivers, south by the present northern
boundary of the State of Nebraska west of the mouth of Niobrara River, and west by the
27th meridian. Ceded by France. Transfers : from the original Territory of Nebraska to
the Territory of Dakota
D elaware, the State o f: area 2,120 sq. m. One of the original thirteen States.
D istrict of C olumbia , T h e : area, 64 sq.m. Consisted of Co and Cn, 100 sq. m.
Ceded by the States of Mary land and Virginia Cn, 36 sq. m. was afterwards receded to
the State of Virginia
Prior to the Union, the Federal Governments were peripatetic* By Article I, Sec
tion 8 and Clause 16 of the Constitution of the Union, Congress was empowered “ to exer
cise exclusive legislation in all cases whatsoever over such district (not exceeding ten miles
square) as may by cession of particular States and the acceptance of Congress become the
seat of government of the United States.”
The State of Maryland, by A ct of December 23,1788, ceded to Congress territory ten
miles square, for the seat of government of the United States. The State of Virginia, by
Act of December 3,1789, ceded territory ten miles square, or a less quantity, to the United
States in Congress assembled for the same purpose. By A ct of July 16, 1790, (amended
March 3, 1791) a “ district” of territory not exceeding ten miles square on the River
Potomac, near the Eastern Branch, was accepted for the permanent seat of the Federal
Government. Provisions were included in the Act, for surveying and bounding the District,
and Philadelphia was made the seat of government during ten years, and on and forever
after the first Monday of December 1800, the District was made the seat of the Federal
Government. By Proclamation of the President, March 30,1791, a district ten miles square,
located and bounded as therein defined, was declared to be the Federal District. By A ct of
February 27, 1801, Congress assumed exclusive jurisdiction. By A ct of July 9, 1846, the
cession of Virginia was retroceded.
F lorida, the State of, (the Territory obsolete:) area, 59,268 sq. m. Ceded by Spain.
6' was Spanish “ East Florida
D i, part of “ West Florida”
G eorgia, the State of: area, 58,000 sq. m. O neof the original thirteen States. Was
composed of U, B, C, A s, and A t ; now composed of T and (J.
T. Georgia, now in the State of: estimated area, 1,500 sq. m. Is a strip of land
twelve to fourteen miles wide across the northern end of the State of Georgia, adjoining
the States of North Carolina and Tennessee. Ceded by the State of South Carolina to
the United States and by the United States to the State of Georgia when the latter State
made its cession to the United States. Transfers: from the Territory South of the River
Ohio to the State of Georgia.
U. Georgia, now in the State o f: estimated area, 56,500 sq. m. Is the State except T,
being the part of the original State of Georgia which remained after the cession by the
State of Georgia to the United States.
I daho, the Territory o f: area, 86,294 sq. m. A t first it consisted of V, Be, Bj, A x , Ay,
P, Bd, Be, and B f ; area, 326,373 sq. m .: next, A y and A x were taken from it to form the
Territory of Montana, and Bd, P, Be, B f, and Be were set off to the Territory of Dakota;
area of the Territory then, 90,932 sq.m.: and, lastly, Bjxv as transferred to the Territory of
Wyoming. The Territory now consists of V, ceded by France. Transfers: from the Terri
tory of Oregon to the Territory of Washington, to the Territory of Idaho.
I llinois, the Territory of, (obsolete:) estimated area, 144,662 sq. m. Was composed
of IV, X, Y, and Z.\ Transfers: from the Territory Northwest of the River Ohio to the
Territory of Indiana, to the Territory of Illinois. Absorbed by the States of Illinois and
Wisconsin, the part of the State of Minnesota east of the Mississippi River, and that
portion of the State of Michigan west of the eastern boundary of the Territory.
I llinois, the State o f : area, 55410 sq. m. Transfers : from the Territory of Illinois.
I ndiana , the Territory of, (obsolete:) original estimated area, 205,151 sq. m. Com
prised IV,X, Y, Z, Ab, Ac, Ad, Ac, and Cg. Afterward Bs and A r were added ; estimated
area then, 226,194 sq. m. Ceded as was the Territory of Illinois. Transfers: from the
Territory northwest of the River Ohio to the Territory of Indiana. Absorbed by the States
of Indiana, Michigan, Illinois, Wisconsin, and that portion of Minnesota east of the Missis
sippi River, except the parcel Bs, now in the State of Ohio.
I ndiana , the State o f : area, 33,809 sq. m. Composed of A b and Ac. Ceded as was
the Territory of Illinois.
Ab. Indiana, now in the State o f: estimated area, 1,200 sq.m. Bounded on the south
by a line drawn east from the southern extremity of Lake Michigan to the present eastern
boundary of the State; on the east by the present eastern boundary of the State; on
the north by a line drawn due east and west ten miles north of the southern boundary of
this parcel; on the west by a line from the southern point of Lake Michigan northward to
* ” The American Association " and “ The United Colonies " convened at Philadelphia (1774-6); “ The Thirteen United Colo
n ies" at Philadelphia (1776). where they became “ The United States,” whose Congress met at Baltimore (i776),at Philadel
phia (1777), at Lancaster and also at Y ork in the State of Pennsylvania (1777), and again at Philadelphia (1778-83). There the
••Thirteen United States" was succeeded by “ The Confederacy,” whose Congress convened at Philadelphia (1776), at Prince
ton in New Jersey, 1783, at Trenton in New Jersey (1784), and finally at the city of New Y ork (1785-89). There (April 30,1789)
the first President of the Union was inaugurated and the government of The United States in the Union was instituted.
t It will I* understood without further mention, that those States. Territories, or parcels, formed out of The Territory North
west of the River Ohio, were, at the south of the 41st parallel, upon the cession from the State of Virginia ; thence northward to
42" 2', upon the cession o f Connecticut; thence northward to 43' 43' 12'', upon the cession of Massachusetts ; and north
thereof, upon the original public domain of the United States as defined by Treaty *1803) with Great Britain.
OF
THE
U N IT E D
STATES, 1776— 1874.
its intersection with the northern boundary line of this parcel. Transfers: from the Terri
tory northwest of the River Ohio successively to the Territories of Indiana and Michigan
and to the State of Indiana.
Ac. Indiana, now in the State of: estimated area, 32,609 sq. m. Being the State of
Indiana, less Ab, with the same transfers as Ab, except that it was never in the Territory
of Michigan.
I ndian C ountry, T he (unorganized :) area, 68,891 sq. m. This is a geographical, but
not an organized political division of the United States. By Act of June 30, 1834, regu
lating trade and intercourse with Indians, this Country was declared to be “ all that part of
the United States west of the Mississippi [River] and not within the States of Missouri
and Louisiana and the Territory of Arkansas.” This was the extent of the remainder of
the area of the Territory of Missouri after the State of Missouri had been taken from it
(1,010,305 sq. m.). By the statute above mentioned this country was separated into
two portions. The northern was for the purposes of the Act annexed to the United States
Judicial District in the State of Missouri, and the southern (substantially the present Indian
country), for the same judicial purposes, to the Territory of Arkansas.
The Indian Country has since been reduced successively, by the Territory of Iowa ; by
A w added to the State of Missouri; by the Territory of Oregon ; by the original Territory of
Nebraska, which comprised the country between the Rocky Mountains on the west and
the River Missouri on the east, and extended southward to the parallel of the present
southern boundary of the State of Nebraska; and by the Territory of Kansas. The remain
der constitutes the present area of the Indian Country, sometimes styled the Indian Terri
tory, which for judicial purposes is attached to the western Judicial District in the State of
Arkansas.
I ow a , the Territory of, (obsolete :) estimated area, 194,536 sq. m. Consisted of A f,
A g , A h, A i, and N. Absorbed by the State of Iowa, by that part of the State of Minne
sota lying west of the River Mississippi, and by the portion of the Territory of Dakota
lying east of the River Missouri.
I ow a , the State o f: area, 55,045 sq. m. As first admitted consisted of A f and A h ;
now consists of A f and A g . Ceded by France.
A f. Iowa, now in the State o f : estimated area, 36,720 sq. m. Bounded north, east,
and south by the present boundaries of the State, and on the west by the meridian of 1 f 30'.
Ceded by France. Transfers: from the Territory of Missouri successively to the Terri
tories of Michigan, Wisconsin, Iowa, and to the State of Iowa.
A g . Iowa, now in the State of: estimated area, 18,325 sq.m. Bounded on the north
and south by the present like boundaries of the State of Iowa, on the east by the meridian
of 17030', and on the west by the Big Sioux and Missouri Rivers. Ceded by France
Transfers: the same as A f.
K ansas, the Territory of, (obsolete:) area, 126,283 S<F m- It consisted of //, J, A j,
and A k. Ceded by France, except // and A h and the part of J south of the Arkansas
River, which was ceded by the State of Texas. The portion ceded by France was orig
inally in the “ Province of Louisiana;” the portion ceded by Texas first appears in
this Territory. Absorbed by the State of Kansas and a portion of the Territory of
Colorado.
K ansas, the State of: area, 81,318 sq. m. Consists of A j and A h. Ceded, the part
cast of the 23d meridian and north of the Arkansas River, by France; the remainder by
the State of Texas.
A j. Kansas, now in the State of: estimated area, 73,542 sq. m. Bounded north and
east by the present boundary of the State of Kansas, on the south by the present boundary
of the State of Kansas westward to the 23d meridian, then northward on that meridian to
and along the Arkansas River, westward to the 25th meridian, which bounds this parcel on
the west. Ceded by France. Transfers: from the Territory of Missouri successively to
the Territory of Kansas and to the State of Kansas.
A k. Kansas, now in the State of: estimated area, 7.776 sq. m. Bounded on the north
by the Arkansas River, east by the 23d meridian, south by the 37th parallel, and west by
the 25th meridian. Ceded bv the State of Texas. Transfers: from the Territory of
Kansas to the State of Kansas.
K entucky , the State o f : area, 37,680 sq. m. Formed from the State of Virginia.
L ouisiana, the Province of, (obsolete :) estimated area, 1,171,931 sq. m. ( See French
Cession, ante.)
L ouisiana , the District of, (obsolete:) estimated area, 1,134,329 sq. m. Consisted of
the then Territory of the United States west of the Mississippi River not included in the
State of Louisiana. (See Indiana, ante.)
L ouisiana, the Territory of, (obsolete.) Same area as the District of Louisiana ;
became the Territory of Missouri.
L ouisiana, the State o f : area, 41,346 sq.m. Originally consisted of A m ; afterward
A ji was added. Ceded by France.
Am. Louisiana, now in the State of: estimated area, 37,602 sq. m. Comprehends all
of the State of Louisiana except the portion east of the Mississippi River and north of the
“ Rivers Iberville and Amite and Lakes Maurepas and Pontchartrain. Ceded by France.
Transfers: from the Province of Louisiana to the Territory of Orleans, to the State of
Louisiana
A n. Louisiana, now in the State of: estimated area, 3,744 sq. m. Being the part of
the present State of Louisiana not included in Atn. Ceded by France. Transfers: from
the Province of Louisiana to the Territory of Orleans, to the State of Louisiana
M aine , the State of: area, 35,000 sq. m. Formed chiefly from the State of Massa
chusetts. Consists of A o and Cq, parts of the original State of Massachusetts, and of Cr,
that portion west of the River Kennebec and north of a right line connecting the conflu
ence of the Kennebec and Dead Rivers with Lake Umbagog. The last parcel would
appear never to have been in the Provinces of Main or Massachusetts Bay, or in the
State of Massachusetts If this view be correct, then this tract (C r) was a parcel of tin
original public land of the United States, as defined by Treaty (1803) with Great Britain.
M aryland , the State of: area, 11,124 sq. m. One of the original thirteen States
Originally, was A p and Co. The District of Columbia (Co), 64 sq. m., was ceded b\ the
State of Maryland to the United States
M assachusetts, the State of: area, 7,800 sq. m. One of the original thirteen States
AREA
AND
P O L IT IC A L
D IV IS IO N S
and consisted of Cq, Ao, and A q (see Maine), and extended westward to the Mississippi
River. Ceded to the United States its claims to territory west of the western boundary
of the State of New York. [See Cessions by States, ante.] Massachusetts still asserted her
right to territory within the State of New York and west of the Delaware River. This
claim was founded on the inclusion of that territory’, in the charter limits of the province
of Massachusetts Bay, and on its allegation that the grant of New Netherland to the Duke
of York conveyed no land farther west than the Delaware River. New York claimed this
country under the grant to the Duke of York, and under rights of soil and sovereignty
acquired by treaties with the Six Nations of Indians. The matter was put in suit before a
federal court organized under one of the Articles of Confederation. But the contesting
States appointed Commissioners who met at Hartford, Connecticut, December 16, 1786,
and decided the issue by an agreement New York received jurisdiction over the whole
territory in dispute, and to Massachusetts was accorded right of soil and of pre-emption
(from the Indians) to the territory from the meridian of the 82d milestone of the northern
line of the State of Pennsylvania so far west as one mile east of the River Niagara, and also
obtained confirmation of the title to “ The Boston Ten Towns” which were east of that
meridian. So Massachusetts secured no less than 5,230,000 acres or 8,172 square miles
of the best arable land in the State of New Y o r k ; an area greater and more evenly fertile
than her present territory. After legislation granting and receiving sovereignty and juris
diction by the States concerned, and after consent to the cession by Congress, the south
western extremity of the State of Massachusetts known as the District of Boston Comer
was, by the Proclamation of the Governor of the State of Massachusetts, dated January 11,
1855, declared ceded to the State of New York. Pursuant to an A ct of the Legislature of
Massachusetts, passed April 10, 1861, and to a Decree of the Supreme Court of the United
States in the December term of 1861, the boundary between the States of Massachusetts
and Rhode Island was so adjusted that these States interchanged parcels of territory.
These two transactions transferred areas too small for further description, or for insertion
in the succeeding table of parcels, or for delineation on the map of parcels.
M ichigan, the Territory of, (obsolete:) at first consisted of Ab, Ad, A r, and R s;
estimated area, 41,243 sq. m.: next Ae, Cg, X, Y, and Z were added, and A b was subtracted ;
estimated area then. 136,975 sq. m.: afterward A f, A g , A h, A t, and N were added, in
creasing the area to 331,511 sq. m. The Territory is now covered by the States of Michigan,
Wisconsin, Iowa, Minnesota, by parts of the States of Ohio and Indiana ( Rs and Ab), and
by the part of the Territory of Dakota which lies east of the Missouri and White Earth
Rivers.
M ichigan, the State o f : area, 56,451 sq. m. Consists of A d, Ae, A r , and Y
Ad. Michigan, now in the State of: estimated area, 19,000 sq. m. Bounded on the
south by a line drawn due east through a point ten miles north of the southern extremity
of Lake Michigan to the eastern boundary of the State of Indiana, on the east by said
boundary of Indiana extended northward until it intersects the western boundary of this
piece of territory, which begins on the southern boundary of this parcel and runs north
wardly through the middle of that lake to the point of intersection with its eastern boun
dary. Transfers: from the Territory Northwest of the River Ohio successively to the
Territories of Indiana and Michigan and to the State of Michigan.
A r . Michigan, now in the State of: estimated area, 20,443 ST m- Being all of the
State of Michigan east of the eastern boundary of the State of Indiana extended northward
to the international boundary line. Same transfers as Ad.
Ae. Michigan, now in the State o f : estimated area, 7,180 sq. m. Consists of all the
territory (except Cg) bounded on the east by the western boundary of A r, on the north
by the international boundary line, on the west by the meridian of the eastern boundary
of Illinois,* on the south by the northern boundary of Ab. Same transfers as Ad.
V. Michigan, now in the State o f : estimated area, 9,828 sq. m. Bounded on the east
by the western boundary of Ae, on the north and northwest by the international boundary
line, on the south and southwest by the State of Wisconsin. Transfers: from the Terri
tory Northwest of the River Ohio successively to the Territories of Indiana, Illinois, and
Michigan, and to the State of Michigan.
M innesota, the Territory of, (obsolete:) area, 165491 sq.m.
Consisted of N, Z,
A i, and A h. Absorbed by the State of Minnesota and that portion of the Territory
of Dakota lying east of the Missouri river.
M innesota, the State of: area, 83,531 sq. m. It consists of Z , A h , and A t. Ceded,
west of the Mississippi River, by France.
Z. Minnesota, now in the State of: estimated area, 26,000 sq. m. Bounded on
the north by the international boundary line, on the east by the boundaries of the State,
on the west by the Mississippi River and a line drawn due north from its source to the
international boundary line. Transfers: from the Territory Northwest of the River Ohio
successively to the Territories of Indiana, Illinois, Michigan, Wisconsin, and Minnesota,
and to the State of Minnesota.
A i. Minnesota, now in the State o f : estimated area, 50475 sq. m. Bounded on
the north by the international boundary line, on the east by a line drawn from the
international boundary line due south to the source of the Mississippi River, and by the
Mississippi River, southward to and along the Northern boundarv of A h, to and south
ward along the meridian of 170 30', to and westward along the parallel of 430 30' to the
western boundary of the State of Minnesota Ceded by France. Transfers: from the
Territory of Missouri successively to the Territories of Michigan, Wisconsin, Iowa, and
Minnesota, and to the State of Minnesota
A h. Minnesota, now in the State o f : estimated area, 7,056 sq. m. Bounded on the
north by the parallel passing through the confluence of the Blue Earth or Mankato and
the Minnesota Rivers, on the east by the Mississippi River, on the south by the parallel
of 430 30', and on the west by the meridian of 170 30'. Ceded by France. Transfers:
from the Territory of Missouri to the Territories of Michigan, Wisconsin, and Iowa, to
the State of Iowa, again to the Territory of Iowa, to the Territory of Minnesota, and to
the State of Minnesota.
M ississippi T erritory, (obsolete:) at first consisted of C and A t\ estimated area,
33,956 sq. m.: afterward A , R, A s, and Cm were added; estimated area, 91, 978 sq. m.:
afterward, D and A u were added ; area, 97,878 sq. m. The eastern part became the State
of Alabama and the western the State of Mississippi.
OF TH E
U N ITE D
STATES,
1776— 1874.
5
the State of: area, 47,156 sq. m. Consists of A s, A t, A u , and Cm.
Ceded by the States of South Carolina and Georgia, and by France.
Cm. Mississippi, now in the State of: estimated area, 1,700 sq. m. A strip of land
twelve to fourteen miles wide across the northern part of the State next the State of
Tennessee. Ceded by the State of South Carolina. Transfers: from the Territory
South of the River Ohio to Mississippi Territory and the State of Mississippi.
A s. Mississippi, now in the State o f : estimated area, 26,900 sq. m. Lies south of
Cm and north of A t. Ceded by the State of Georgia. Transfers: from Mississippi Ter
ritory to the State of Mississippi
A t. Mississippi, now in the State o f : estimated area, 14,956 sq. m. South of yf.r,and
bounded on the north by a line drawn due east through the mouth of the Yazoo River
and on the south by the 31st parallel. Ceded by the State of Georgia. Transfers: from
Mississippi Territory to the State of Mississippi.
A u . Mississippi, now in the State o f : estimated area, 3,600 sq. m. All of the State
of Mississippi south of the 31st parallel Ceded by France. Transfers: from Mississippi
Territory to the State of Mississippi
M issouri. Territory of, (obsolete:) estimated area, 1,134,329 sq.m. Was a reor
ganization of the Territory of Louisiana with the same boundaries. Consisted of all of
the “ Province of Louisiana” except A m , A n , A u and D. Its area was first diminished
by that of the State of Arkansas and next by that of the State of Missouri. A t the last
reduction, the Territory seems to have lost both government and name. Its remaining
area having been included in the Indian Country, was divided and attached for judicial
purposes to the Territory of Arkansas and to the Judicial District in the State of Mis
souri For the subsequent disposition of this area, see I ndian C ountry , ante.
M issouri , the State o f : area, 65,350 sq. m. Consisted first of Av, afterward A w was
added.
A v. Missouri, now in the State of: estimated area, 62,182 sq.m. Ceded by France.
Is the State of Missouri east of the meridian passing through the confluence of the
Kansas and Missouri Rivers. Transfers: from the Province to the District and Territory
of Louisiana, and to the Territory and State of Missouri. Was the original State of
Missouri.
Aw. Missouri, now in the State of: estimated area, 3,168 sq. m. Ceded by France.
Consists of all the State west of Av. Transfers: same as A v, except that it was not in
the original State of Missouri.
M ontana , the Territory of: area, 143,776 sq.m. Consists of A x and Ay. Ceded
by France.
A x . Montana, now in the Territory of: area, 27,507 sq. m. Bounded north by the
49th parallel, east by the Rocky Mountains to their junction with the Bitter Root Moun
tains, west by the Bitter Root Mountains to the 39th meridian, and on that meridian
northward to the 49th parallel. Ceded by France. Transfers: from the Territory of
Oregon to the original Territory of Washington, to the Territory of Idaho, to the Terri
tory of Montana.
Ay. Montana, now in the Territory of: area, 116,269 sq. m. Bounded north by the
49th parallel, east by the 27th meridian, south by the 45th parallel to the 34th meridian,
southward on that meridian to the parallel of 440 30', westward on that parallel to the
Rocky Mountains, and on the west by the Rocky Mountains. Ceded by France. Trans
fers: from the original Territory of Nebraska to the Territories of Dakota, Idaho, and
Montana.
P.
Montana, now in the Territory of: area, 2,000 sq. m. Bounded north by the
parallel of 440 30', east by the 34th meridian, and south and west by the Rocky Moun
tains. Ceded by France. Transfers: from the original Territory of Nebraska to the
Territory of Dakota, to the Territory of Idaho, to the Territory of Dakota, to the
Territory of Montana.
N ebraska, the Territory of, (obsolete.) Ceded by France. At first consisted of
A z, K , O, Rc, Rd, P, and A y ; area, 351,558 sq. m .: then K was set off to the Territory
of Colorado; area then, 335,523 sq. m.: next, O, P, Ay, and R d were set off to the Terri
tory of Dakota, and at the same time Re was added from the Territory of Washington, and
R f from the Territory of Utah; area then, 121,994 sq. m.: next, Rc, Re, and R f were set
off to the Territory of Idaho. The remainder of the Territory, area 75,995 sq. m., became
the State of Nebraska
N ebraska , the State o f : area, 75,995 sq. m. Ceded by France.
N evada , the Territory of, (obsolete:) area, 73,574 sq. m. Consisted of Rg. Ceded
by Mexico. Transfers: from the Territory of Utah to the Territory of Nevada
N evada , the State o f : area, 104,125 sq. m. Consists of Rg, Rh, and Bi.
Rg. Nevada, now in the State o f : area, 73,574 sq. m. Bounded north and south by
42d and 37th parallels, east by the 38th meridian, and west by a part of the eastern boun
dary of the State of California Ceded by Mexico. Transfers: from the Territory of
Utah to the Territory of Nevada, to the State of Nevada
Rh. Nevada, now in the State o f : area, 18,326 sq. m. Bounded north and south by
the 42d and 37th parallels respectively, east and west by the 37th and 38th meridians
respectively. Ceded by Mexico. Transfers: from the Territory of Utah to the State of
Nevada
B i. Nevada, now in the State o f : area, 12,225 sq. m. Bounded north by the 37th
parallel, east by the 37th meridian, southeast bv the Colorado River, and west by the
boundary line of the State of California Ceded by Mexico. Transfers: from the
Territory of Arizona to the State of Nevada
N ew H ampshire, the State of: area, 9,280 sq.m. One of the original thirteen
States.
N ew J ersey , the State o f : area, 8,320 sq. m. One of the original thirteen States.
N ew M exico, the Territory of: area, 121,201 sq.m. A t first consisted of Rm, De,
Ri, E , and /,- area, 215,807 sq. m .: afterward were added Ck and Cl, being the second
cession from M exico; area then, 261,342 sq. m .: first, / was set off to the Territory of
Colorado; area then, 247,342 sq. m.: next, E , Ri, and Ck were cut off to form the Terri
tory of Arizona. Ceded by Mexico and by the State of Texas.
Bm. New Mexico, now in the Territory of: estimated area, 42,000 sq. m. The Ter
ritory north of the Gila River and west of the Rio Grande. Ceded by Mexico in 1848.
M
is s is s ip p i,
6
AREAS
AND
P O L IT IC A L
D IV IS IO N S
De. New Mexico, now in the Territory o f : estimated area, 65,201 sq. m. Bounded
south and east by the 32d parallel and the 26th meridian, north by the parallel of 370, and
west by the Rio Grande. Ceded by the State of Texas (1850).
Cl. New Mexico, now in the Territory of: area, 14,000 sq.m. West of the Rio
Grande and south of the Gila. Ceded by Mexico in 1853.
N ew Y ork, the State o f : area, 47,000 sq. m. One of the original thirteen States.
Originally consisted of Bn and Bo. (See Massachusetts, the State of)
N orth C arolina, the State o f : area, 50,704 sq. m. One of the original thirteen
States. A t first consisted of Bp and Bq. Ceded Bq to the United States.
O hio, the Territory Northwest of the River (obsolete:) estimated area, 265,558 sq. m.
This was the first of the Territories. It comprised all the parcels west of the western
boundary of the State of Pennsylvania, and between the Ohio and Mississippi Rivers,
now covered by the States of Ohio, Indiana, Illinois, Michigan and Wisconsin, and that
part of Minnesota east of the Mississippi River, and of a line drawn northward from the
source of the Mississippi River to the international boundary' line. [See the foot-note at the
Territory of Illinois and the text of “ The Original Territory',” ante.]
O hio, the Territory South of the River (obsolete:) estimated area, 50,500 sq. m.
Consisted of the Territory now covered by the State of Tennessee, and of Cm, A and T,
now in the States of Mississippi, Alabama and Georgia.
A t the establishment of the Union of the United States, its public land, it would
appear, consisted of the original Territory' Northwest of the River Ohio, and of three other
parcels, C r now in the State of Maine, Cp now in the State of Pennsylvania, and thirdly,
the cession of South Carolina. The three parcels not civilly organized were isolated from
each other and from the solitary Territory, and were otherwise then unfit for political
organization. The cession of North Carolina added a region— the area of the present
State of Tennessee— contiguous to the South Carolina cession, and by Act of May 26, 1790,
the combined cessions of the States of South and North Carolina were declared to be
“ one district” for a government like that of the Territory Northwest of the River Ohio,
except as otherwise provided in the conditions of the Act of April 2, 1790, by which the
North Carolina cession was accepted. The new Territory {Bq, Cm, A , and T — 50,500
sq.m.) lay, as the States then were, east of the River Mississippi, west of the Carolinas, south
of Virginia, and north of Georgia. The conditions of the Act accepting the North Carolina
cession were ten in number, the eighth of which required that the laws of North Carolina
should remain in force until changed by the Legislature of the new Territory. There
was appended to the fourth condition “ Provided always that no regulations made or to
be made by Congress shall tend to emancipate slaves.” So the first Free Territory was
balanced by the first Slave Territory. After the erection of the State of Tennessee, the
remainder ol this Territory ( T,Cm and A ) was styled in legislation “ The Territory of the
United States south of the State of Tennessee ” until the cession of T to Georgia, and
the inclusion of Cm and A in Mississippi Territory.
O h i o , the State of: area, 39,964 sq. m. Formed as a State from the Territory
Northwest of the River Ohio. Consisted of B r. Afterward Bs was added.
Br. Ohio, now in the State o f: estimated area, 39,364 sq. m. The portion of the
State south of a line drawn due east through the southernmost extremity of Lake Michi
gan. Transfers: from the Territory Northwest of the River Ohio to the State of Ohio.
Bs. Ohio, now in the State o f : estimated area, 600 sq. m. Bounded south by Br,
and on the north by a line from the southernmost point of Lake Michigan to the northern
most point of Miami Bay. Transfers: from the Territory Northwest of the River Ohio
to the Territory of Michigan, to the State of Ohio.
O regon, the Territory of, (obsolete :) area, 288,345 sq. m. Originally composed of
Bt, Bu, V, Bj, Be, and A x , being all of the then Territory of the United States north of
the 42d parallel and west of the Rocky Mountains; next, Bu, V, A x , Bj, and Be were
cut off to form the original Territory of Washington. The remainder of the Territory
became the State of Oregon. Ceded by France. Transfers: from the Territory of
Oregon to the State of Oregon.
O regon, the State of: area, 95,274 sq. m. Ceded by France. From the Territory of
Oregon to the State of Oregon.
O rleans, the Territory of, (obsolete:) consisted of Am, A n, Ait, and D, estimated
area, 47,246 sq.m. Ceded by France. Transfers: from the “ Province of Louisiana.”
Now constitutes the whole of the State of Louisiana and those parts of the States of Mis
sissippi and Alabama which are south of the 31st parallel.
P ennsylvania , the State o f : area, 46,000 sq. m. One of the original thirteen States.
Was B v ; afterward Cp was added.
Bv. Pennsylvania, now in the State o f : area, 45,684 sq. m. All of the State south
of the 42d parallel. Is the original State of Pennsylvania.
Cp. Pennsylvania, now in the State of. All north of the 42d parallel and west of
the State of New Y o r k : area, 316 sq. m. By the cession of the State of New York in
1781, and of the State of Massachusetts in 1785, the United States acquired title to this
parcel of territory. By Resolution of Congress, passed June 6, 1788, the right of soil was
conditionally sold to the State of Pennsylvania, and a survey of the parcel was ordered.
By Resolution of September 4, 1788, the right of government and jurisdiction was relin
quished to the State of Pennsylvania By Treaty, concluded January 9, 1789, with the
Indian tribes known as the Six Nations, the Indian title to this parcel was vested in the
State of Pennsylvania By Act of Congress passed January 3, 1792, the President was
authorized to issue letters patent granting this parcel to the State of Pennsylvania Such
letters patent were issued March 3, 1792.
R hode I sland, the State o f : area, 1306 sq. m. One of the original thirteen States.
[See Massachusetts, ante.]
South C arolina, the State o f : area, 34,000 sq. m. One of the original thirteen
States. A t first included B x, Cm, A and T. Cm, A and T, were ceded to the United
States.
T ennessee, the State o f : area, 45,600 sq. m. Formed from Territory' ceded by the
State of North Carolina
T exas, the State of: area, 274,356 sq. m.
By Joint Resolution of Dec. 29, 1845,
admitted as a State, comprising then, The Texan Annexation, shown on the map,
and described, ante. By Act of Sept 9, 1850, Congress proposed that the State of
OF T H E
U N IT E D
STATES, 1776— 1874.
Texas cede to the United States the territory shown upon the map as the Texas Cession,
and relinquish all claims against the United States for liability of the debts of Texas and
on account of the property' of Texas which accrued to the United States at annexation;
and that the United States, in consideration of such acts, pay to the State of Texas, ten
millions of dollars in five per cent stock redeemable in fourteen years. By A ct of the
Legislature, Nov. 25, 1850, these propositions were accepted by the State of Texas, and
by the President’s Proclamation, Dec. 13, 1850, the A ct of Sept 9, 1850 was declared
to be in full force.
U norganized T erritory W est of the I ndian C ountry : estimated area, 10,800
sq.m. Bounded by 36° 30' and 370 of latitude and by the 23d and 26th meridians. Ceded
by the State of Texas Originally' was the remainder of the Texas Cession after the for
mation of the Territory' of New Mexico. It then consisted of Cj, H, and A k , area
22,576 sq. m. H and A k have been included in the Territory of Kansas On some
maps the parcel { Cj ] which remained, is included in the Indian Country. This is incorrect,
for the Indian Country was defined in the year 1834, when the western boundary of the
United States at this latitude was the 100th meridian (Greenwich), and when consequently
this parcel did not belong to the United States, but to Mexico. No subsequent legislation
has placed this parcel in the Indian Country or in any State or Territory.
U tah , the Territory o f : area, 84476 sq. m. Ceded by Mexico, 1848. Originally in
cluded Bz, Bg, B/i, Cd, B f, and L ; area, 220,196 sq. m. First, L was set off to the
Territory of Colorado; area, then, 190,696 sq. m. Next, B f was set off to the Territory
of Nebraska, and B g to the Territory of N evada; area, then, 106,382 sq. m. Next, B h
was set off to the State of Nevada; area, then, 88,056 sq. m. Next, Cd was set off to the
Territory of Wyoming.
V ermont, the State of: area, 10,212 sq. m. From the State of New York.
V irginia, the State of: area, 38,348 sq. m. One of the original thirteen States.
Originally included Ce, Cf, Ctt, and A l, and the portions of the States of Ohio, Indiana,
and Illinois, which lie south of the 41st parallel. First, ceded these last-named portions
of existing States to the United States; next, the State of Kentucky was formed from its
westernmost territory; next, ceded 36 sq.m., C m , to become a part of the District of
Columbia. Cn was subsequently retroceded. Finally, the State of West Virginia was
erected from the territory of Virginia.
Ce. Virginia, now in the State of: area, 38,312 sq. m. Being the present State of
Virginia, less Ctt. No transfers.
Cn. Virginia, now in the State of: area, 36 sq. m. That portion of the State of
Virginia which was formerly a part of the District of Columbia. Transfers: from the
State of Virginia to the District of Columbia, and again to the State of Virginia.
W ashington, the Territory of: area, 69,994 sq. m. Originally included Bu, V, A x ,
Bj, and B e; area, 193,071 sq. m. All parcels but B u were taken into the Territory of
Idaho. Ceded by France. Transfers: from the Territory of Missouri, to the Territory
of Oregon, to the Territory of Washington.
W est V irginia, the State of: area, 23,000 sq. m.
Formed from the State of
Virginia.
W isconsin, the Territory of, (obsolete:) area, 274,460 sq. m. Originally included X,
Cg, A f, A g , A h , A i, Z, and N. All of it west of the Mississippi River was afterward
included in the Territory of Iowa. The part east of the Mississippi River not included
in the State of Wisconsin was afterward included in the Territory of Minnesota.
W isconsin, the State of: area, 53,924 sq. m. Consists of X and Cg. Ceded as was
the Territory of Illinois.
X. Wisconsin, now in the State o f: estimated area, 53,424 sq. m. All of the State,
except that part on the east of the projected eastern boundary of the State of Illinois.
Transfers: from the Territory Northwest of the River Ohio successively to the Territories
of Indiana, Illinois, Michigan, and Wisconsin, and to the State of Wisconsin.
Cg. Wisconsin, now in the State o f : estimated area, 500 sq. m. Being that point of
land between Green Bay and Lake Michigan which lies east of the eastern boundary of
the State of Illinois extended northward. Transfers: from the Territory Northwest of
the River Ohio successively to the Territories of Indiana, Michigan, and Wisconsin, and
to the State of Wisconsin. Unlike the rest of the State of Wisconsin, this parcel was
never included in the Territory of Illinois.
W yoming, the Territory of: area, 97,883 sq. m. Consists of Be, Bd, Be, B f, Bj,
and Cd.
Be. Wyoming, now in the Territory of: area, 30,621 sq.m. Bounded north and
south by the 43d and 41st parallels respectively, east by the 27th meridian, west by the
Rocky Mountains. Ceded by France. Transfers: from the original Territory of Nebraska
successively to the Territories of Idaho, Dakota, and Wyoming.
Bd. Wyoming, now in the Territory o f : area, 43,666 sq. m. Bounded north by
the 45th parallel, east by the 27th meridian, south by the 43d parallel, and west by the
Rocky Mountains and 34th meridian. Ceded by France. Transfers: from the Territory
of Nebraska successively to the Territories of Dakota, Idaho, Dakota again, and
Wyoming.
Be. Wyoming, now in the Territory o f : area, 4,638 sq. m. Bounded on the northeast
by the Rocky Mountains, south by the 42d parallel, and west by the 33d meridian. Ceded
by France. Transfers: from the original Territory of Oregon successively to the Territories
of Washington, Nebraska, Idaho, Dakota, and Wyoming.
B f. Wyoming, now in the Territory of: area, 10,740 sq.m. Bounded north and
south by the 42d and 41st parallels respectively, east by the Rocky Mountains and west
by the 33d meridian. Ceded by Mexico (1848). Transfers: from the Territory of L tah
successively to the Territories of Nebraska, Idaho, Dakota, and Wyoming.
Bj. Wyoming, now in the Territory of: area, 4,638 sq.m. Bounded northeast by
the Rocky Mountains, south by the 42d parallel, east and west by the 33d and 34th meri
dians respectively. Ceded bv France. Transfers: from the original Territory of Oregon
to the Territories of Washington, Idaho, and Wyoming.
Cd. Wyoming, now in the Territory o f : area, 3,580 sq. m. Bounded north and south
by the42d and 41st parallels respectively, and east and west by the 33d and 34th meridians
respectively. Ceded bv Mexico (1848). Transfers: from the Territory of Utah to the
Territory of Wyoming.
AREA, POPULATION, AND AVERAGE DENSITY OF SETTLEMENT OF EACH STATE OR TERRITORY AT EACH CENSUS.
1 8 7 0 . (<i) (A)
States
and
T erritories.
Square
Miles.
Persons.
Persons
to a
Square
Mile.
10.70
19.21
19.66
9-3°
2.29
H3'5
1 8 5 0 . (A)
i 8 6 0 . (A) M
Square
Miles.
Persons.
Persons
to a
Square
Mile.
60 )hio, North of the River.........
61 Ohio, South of the River.........
62 Oregon....................................
63 Orleans....................................
64 Utah........................................
65 Washington.............................
66 Wisconsin................................
67 Wyoming ...............................
68 On pub. ships in serv. of the U.S.
577.390
113,916
....
104,500
w 150,93 *
64
....
86,294
....
58,191
10,800
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
2) 143,776
....
121,201
(*>
(*)
O.08
9,658
....
....
39,864
O.38
14,181
O.OQ
131,700 2057.81
....
....
14,999
O.17
....
....
(A)
(A)
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
20,595
91,874
«...
....
....
84,476
69,994
....
....
•• ••
....
86,786
97.883
9,Il8
....
23,955
—
(A)
(A)
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
0.14
•• ••
O.76
• • ••
....
I.03
0-34
....
0.09
—
....
....
....
....
....
64
....
....
....
58,191
10,800
....
....
126,283
....
....
81,960
....
....
....
351,558
261,342
....
....
....
220,196
193,071
•• ••
• • • •_
—
(a) The land-surface of the United States, 3,603,884 square miles, when increased
by the water surface of the great lakes and rivers, gives a total area to the United
States of about 4,000,000 square miles,
(A) The excess of the total area of the United States at 1870 over the total area
at 1860 represents The Russian Cession, or Alaska ; the excess at 1860 over 1850,
The Second Mexican Cession, or "Gadsden Purchase"; of I860 over 1840, The
Texan Annexation and First Mexican Cession ; of 1810 over 1800, The French
Cession, or “ Province of Louisiana,”
(r) In the first quarter of the year 1861, the State of Kansas and the Territories
of Colorado, Dakota, and Nevada were formed. The Census of i860 recognized
these new organizations. The areas at the year 1861 wrought with the population
returned at 1860 aflord better comparison with the areas and population at 1870
than do the above columns at 1860. Columns for the year 1861 are made by the
following changes In the columns .It I860. Place Kansas among the States— thus
•• • •
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
75.08° 1,17313
....
....
....
....
....
....
(A)
(A)
....
....
141,483
....
....
4,837
....
....
....
28,841
93,516
....
....
....
47,'30
” ,594
....
—
(A)
(A)
....
....
0.90 |
.... |
O.06
.... |
.... |
.... !
0.08
0.36
•• ••
....
••••
....
0.21
0.06
....
••••
—
J
1830.
Persons
Persons
Square Persons.
to a
Square Persons.
to a
Square
Miles.
Square Miles.
Square Miles.
Mile.
Mile.
23,191,876
7.78 2,059,043 17,069,453 8.29 2,059,043
2,980,95s
1,544,221 23,047,891 14.99 912,614 16,891,107 18.50 800,197
50-772 77',623 15.21
50,772 590.756 11.66
50,722
209,897 4.02
1.87
52,19b
•• ••
97-574
52,198
188,981
....
....
92,597 0.49 • • • •
4,750 309,978 65.26
4,750 370,792 78 06
4,750
2,120
2,120
78,085 3683
91,532 4318
2,120
59,268
....
....
87,445 1.48 • • •.
58,000 906,185 15.62
58,000 691,392 ” •95
58,000
55,410 851,470 15-37 55,410 476,183 8-59 55,410
33,809 988,416 29.24 33,809 685,866 20.29 33,809
•• • •
....
55,045 192,214 3-49 . . . .
....
....
....
••••
••••
....
37,680 982,405 26.07
37,680 779,828 20.70
37,680
41,346 5 ' 7,762 12.52 41,346 352,4 ” 8.52 41,349
35,o°o 583,169 16.66 35,000 501,793 14-34 35.000
11,124 583,034 52 41
11,124
11,124 470,019 42.25
7,800 994.5'4 127.50
7,800 737,699 9458
7,800
56,45i 397,654 7.04 56,451 212,267 3-76 . . . .
....
....
....
....
. •••
....
47D56 606,526 12.86 47,156 375,65! 7-99 47,156
65-350 682,044 10.44 65,350 383,702 5.87 62,182
....
....
....
....
. • ••
...
....
....
....
•• • •
••••
....
....
9,280 317,976 34-26
9,280 284,574 30-67
9,280
8,320 489,555 58.84
8,320 373,306 44.87
8,320
47,000 3,097,394 65.90
47,000 2,428,921 . 51.68
47,000
50,704 869,039 17.14
50,704 753,419 14.86
50.704
39,964 1,980,329 49-55
39,964 1,519.467 3827
39.364
....
....
....
....
....
....
••••
46,000 2,311,786 50.26
46,000 1,724.033 3748
46,000
1,306 108,830 83-33
1,306 147,545 11297
1,306
34,000 668,507 19.66
34,000 594,398 17.48
34,000
45,600 1,002,717 21.99
45,600 829,210 18.18
45.600
....
....
.... 1 ....
274,356 212,592 0.77
10,212 314,120 30.76
10,21 2 291,948 28.59
10,212
61,348 1,421,661 *3-17
61,312 1,239,797 20.22
61,312
....
....
....
...•
....
....
....
—
—
—
....
53,924 305-391 5.66
T he United States.............. 3,603,884138,558,37'
3,026,494 31,443.321 ■ 0-39
T he States............................ 1,984,46; 38,115,641
1.723,029 31,040,84c 18.OI
Alabama..................................
50,772 964,201 19.01
50.772 996,992
484,471
Arkansas................................
52.19*
52,19b 435-45C 8-34
188,981
188,981 379-994
California................................
560,24;
2.01
4,750 460,147 96.87
J, Connecticut.............................
42,I>752cC 537.454
'25,015 58-97
2,1 20 112,216 52.93
Delaware................................
59,268 140,424
2.65
f Florida....................................
59.268
187,74*
3*7
58,00c 1,184,109 20.42
58,000 1,057,286 I8.23
; Georgia...................................
j Illinois....................................
55.41c 2,539.891 45-84
55,410 i ,7 ” ,95‘ 30.90
33.809 1,680,637 49.71
33,809 1,350,428 39-94
s Indiana..................................
rc Iowa.......................................
55.045 1,194,020 21.69
55,045 674,9'3 12.96
4.48
11 Kansas...................................
....
....
....
81,31b 3®1,39!
37,680 1,321,011 35-33
37,680 1,155,684 30-94
ta Kentucky................................
41,346 708,002 17.12
41.346 726,915 17.58
13 Louisiana................................
14 Maine.....................................
35.00° 626,915 17.91
35,000 628,279 17-95
11,124
780,894 70.20
11,12) 687,049 61.76
>5 Maryland................................
16 Massachusetts.........................
7,800 «,457.35' 186.84
7,800 1,231,066 157-83*
17 Michigan................................
56,45' 1,184,059 20.97
56,451
749,H 3 13-37
2.10
18 Minnesota...............................
172,023
83.53' 439,706 5.26
83.531
47056 827,922 17-56
47,156 791-305 16.78
*9 Mississippi.............................
JO Missouri..................................
65.350 1,721,295 26.34
65,350 1,182,012 18.09
1.62
21 Nebraska................................
122,993
....
....
....
75.995
22 Nevada....................................
104,125
42,491
0.41
....
....
....
9,280 318,300 34-30
9,280 326,073 3514
23 New Hampshire......................
8,320 906,096 108.91
8,320 672,035 80.77
*4 New Jersey.............................
47,000 4,382,759 93-25
47,000 3,880,735 82.57
25 New York..............................
26 North Carolina.......................
50,704 992,622 19.58
50,704 1,071,361 21.13
27 <>hio....................................... 39,964 2,665,260 66.69
39,964 2,339,5 ” 58-54
28 (iregon...................................
9S.*74 90,923 0.95
95>274 52,465 °-55
46,000 2,906,215 63.18
29 Pennsylvania........................... 46,000 3.52i,95i 76.56
1,306 174,620 I33.7I
1,306 217,353 166.43
3° Rhode Island...........................
34,000 703,708 20.70
31 South Carolina......................... 34,000 705,606 20.75
45,600 1,109,801 24-34
32 I ennessee.............................. 45,600 1,258,520 27.60
274.356 818,579 2.98 274,356 604,215 2.20
33
10,212 3 15,098 30.86
34 Vermont.................................. 10,2 I2 33°-55' 32-37
35 Virginia.................................. 38,348 1,225,163 3'-95 (D 61,348 I,596,3 i 8 26.02
.... ;
....
36 West Virginia........................... 23,000 442,014 19.22 (0__
37 Wisconsin................................j 53.924 1,054,670 I9-56
53.924 775,881 1439
T he T erritories................... 1,619,417 442,730
0.27 wi,303,465 W 402,481 «0.30 1,436,735
38 Alaska (unorganized territory)..
39 Arizona...................................
40 Arkansas................................
4i Colorado................................
42
43 District of Columbia................
44 1-lorida....................................
45
46 Ilinois....................................
47 Indian Country (unorg. territory)
48 Ind.Coun., Uiiori. ter. w e s t ol
49 Indiana....................................
50 own.......................................
51
52 Louisiana................................
53 Michigan.................................
54 Minnesota .............................
55 Mississippi.............................
56 Missouri.. .............................
57 Montana..................................
58 Nebraska.................................
59 Mew Mexico............................
I84O.
....
....
....
....
....
64
....
....
....
524,256
22,576
....
....
....
....
....
165,491
....
....
....
....
215,807
....
....
288,345
....
220,196
....
....
—
—
143,985
O.O9 1,146,429
. ••
•• ••
....
....
....
51,687
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
IOO
59,268
....
....
812,601
....
....
194,536
....
....
....
. . ••
....
....
....
....
••••
(A)
(A)
....
....
....
....
....
•. •
••••
• • ••
....
807.61
....
....
....
(A)
(A)
....
....
....
•• • •
....
6,077 0.04
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
...
61,547 0.29
....
....
•• ••
....
13,294 O.05
....
....
11,380 O.05
....
....
....
....
—
—
—
172,246
0.15 1,258,846
__
__
....
....
....
....
•• • •
....
52.198
....
....
....
....
....
....
43,712 43712
100
54,477 O.92 59.268
....
....
....
....
....
....
(A)
(A)
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
43,” 2 0.22 • • • •
....
—
•• . •
....
....
....
136,975
....
....
....
. . . . 1,010,305
•• ••
••••
....
....
•• ••
....
....
....
••••
....
....
•• ••
....
•• ••
. ..
79,924
30.945
—
—
6,100
81,318; 107,206; 1.30. The totals of the States become 1,804,347; 31,148,046;
17.21. Place Colorado. Dakota, and Nevada among the Territories named, and
strike out the numbers for the Territories of Kansas and Minnesota. The Territo
rial columns for 1861 become : The Territories, 1,222,147 ; 295.275 ; o 24 : Colo
rado, 104,500; 34,277; 0.33 : Dakota, 310.867 ; 4,837; 0.01 : District of Columbia,
64; 75,080; 1,173.13: Indian Country, 58,191 ; (No census): Unorganized terri
tory, 10,800; (No census): Nebraska, 121,994; 28,841 ; 0.24 : Nevada, 73,574;
6,857; 0.09: New Mexico, 247,342; 93,516 ; 0.38 : Utah, 106,382; 40,273; 0.38;
Washington, 188,433; n ,5 9 4 ; 0.06.
(</) At 1790, the Western Reserve was a part of Connecticut. Connecticut had
made a legislative proposition for its cession to the United States, and the latter
government had included it in The Territory North of the River Ohio, where it is,
in this Table. The population returned at 1790 for Connecticut was wholly on
the present area of the State.
....
....
....
....
....
0.39
—
....
•• ••
•. ••
•• • •
....
—
—
Persons
to a
Sauare
Persons.
Square Miles. Persons.
Mile.
12.866,020 6.25 2,059,043 9,638.453
12,724,111 15.91
738,015 9,5 ' 5-659
50,722 127,901
309-527 . 6.10
...
....
....
297.675 62.67
4,750 275,248
2,120 72,749
76,748 36,20
....
....
•• ••
516,823 8.91
58,000 340,989
157,445 3.02 55,410 55,211
343,031 IO. I I 33,809 147,178
....
....
....
....
687,917 18.26 37,680 564,317
215,739 5-22 4 L346 153,407
399,455 II .41 35,ooo 298,335
447,040 40.I9
11,124 407,350
610,408 78.26
7,800 523,287
....
....
....
....
136,621 2.9O
47,156 75,44s
140,455 2.26
....
269,328 29.02
320,823 38.56
1.918,608 40.82
737,987 >4-55
937,9<>3 23-83
....
*«- * 1
i ,348,233 29.31
97,199 74.42
581,185 I7.O9
681,904 14-95
....
....
280,612 27.48
1,211,405 19.76
•• ••
•• • •
....
....
136,591
(A)
....
....
. . .*.
....
•• ••
••••
•• ••
•• ••
5,318
(A)
....
....
....
....
••••
....
....
....
—
------- !
l8 00.
57-74
34 31
4.75°
1 7 9 0 .
X
Square
Miles.
Persons.
to a
Square
Miles.
Persons.
Mile.
827.8445,308,483
6.41
Persons
to a
Square
Mile.
827,844 3.929,2 14
4-75
511,68 6 3,893,523
7.61
W> 4-75°
2,120
2.37.946
59,096
50.09
27.88
5*3.330 5>*34.534 10.00
55•' 5
34.28
4-35
(/)! 11,122
162,686
1.46
(/) 145,078
82,548
•57
37,680 406,51 I 10.79
37,680
220,955
5.86
(/) 37,680
73,677
r.96
8.52 t/) 35,000 228,705 6-53 (y) 35,000 >5i.7i 9 4-34
36.62
11,124 341.54® 30.70
11,124 380,546 34.2 1
67.09 </) 17,800 472,040 60,52 (/) 7,800 422,485 54-11
</> 35,000
I '.1 2 4
(/) 7,800
96,540
319,728
5-88
1.00
261,942
72,674
2,120
58,000 252-433
4. 75°
2,120
251.002 52.84
64,273
4-35
14.98
3-73
378,7«7
2.76
*«-75
48.56
....
1.60
—
0.09
9,280 214,460
8,320 245,562
47,000 959,049
50,704 555,5°°
39-364 230,760
23.11
29-51
20.41
I0.06
9,280
8,320
47,000
46,000 810,091 17.61
1,306 76,93' 58.90
34,000 415,115 12.21
45,600 261,727 5-74
10,212
61,312
183,85s
211,149
5S9,° 5 >
19.81
25-38
12.53
....
9,280
8,320
(/) 47,000
'8 4 ,13 9
340,120
943
50>704
393.7 5 '
46.000
1,306
34.000
45,600
602,365 13.09
69,122 5292
(A) 46,000
1,306
34,000
434,373
68,825
217,895 21.33 | 10,212
974,600 ' 5.90
61,312
154.465 15'3
880,200 '436
(/) 10,212
(/) 6 1,3 12
85,425
747,610
....
1,490,203
....
203,340
5.87
50.704 478,103
345,591
105,602
10.16
2.32
....
0.14
73,949
0.24
249,073
....
..
304.5'4
141,885
3 ' 6, I 58
35,6 9 '
....
....
....
...
15.29
22.13
7.24
7*77
....
....
9.44
52-70
7-33
....
•. ■
8-37
12 .19
....
....
52,198
....
14,273
33.039 330.39
....
24,023 240.23
...
....
144,662
12,282
0.08
•• ••
....
40,289
....
24,520
....
0.51
....
• • • • 1,124,685
8,896 0.06
41,243
20,845
4,762
.... 0
40,352
0.02
0.01
(A)
....
••••
....
....
....
136-975
....
....
(A)
....
••••
66,586 0.06
91,978
....
0.44
...
100
14,093 140.93
....
*05,151
33.956
5,641
8,850
0.03
....
—
2
2
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
::::
J
....
....
....
....
. . .
....
....
....
....
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
....
....
....
....
....
0.03
....
....
....
....
2
2
::::!}
IOO
....
....
....
....
1,072,487
0.27
1
a
0.01
....
loo
39,834 398-34 '
34,730 o-59 (D 59,268
,...
....
....
....
....
....
....
0.23
....
....
122,794
1 8 1 0 . (A)
Persons
Persons
to a
Square Persons
to a
Square Miles.
Square
Mile.
Mile.
4.68 1,999.775 7,239,881 3.62
12.89 509-572 7,036,541 13.81
2.52
9,280 244,161 26.31
8,320 277,575 33-36
47,000 1,372,812 29.21
50,704 638,829 12.60
14.80
39,364 581,434
....
....
....
46,000 1,049,458 22.81
1,306 83-059 63.60
34,000 502, 74' ' 4-79
45,600 422,823 9.27
.,.,
__
10,21 2 235.98 ' 22.13
61,312 1,065,366 17-38
....
...
....
....
....
O II 1.321,028
....
....
30,388 0.58
...,
•• ••
....
•• ••
....
....
....
....
....
•• • .
....
....
31,639
....
....
1
1820.
....
....
**• «
•• • •
. • ••
....
—
....
....
—
47.246
...
76,556
....
—
...
«...
....
....
(r) At 1800 and 1790 Georgia had not ceded her western lands to the United
States. The tabulated areas include those lands. The population at these cen
suses was wholly on the present area of the State. For comparison, the following
numbers may be taken for Georgia : 1800, 58,000; 162,686; 2.80 1790, 58,000;
82,548; 1.42.
( / ) A t 1810, 1800, and 1790, Maine (disregarding a small northwestern
parcej) was a part of Massachusetts, and at 1790 Vermont a part of New York,
and Kentucky a part of Virginia. These parts of States are here tabulated sepa
rately for comparison with themselves as States, at later censuses.
(g) Since 1870 2000 square miles (P on Area Map) have been transferred from
Dakota to Montana.
60,407
4.900
1.62
45,365
<*>
o .75
265.558
(A)
j (w)45,600
) (m) 4,900
....
35,6 9 '
(A)
.!.
i
0.08 j (
(A) ( (
___
(
___
f
....
....
....
....
::::
....
....
....
c
(«) Withdrawing from Virginia the area now in West Virginia and the popula
tion on that area at each census, there results : V irg in ia ; 1860, 38,348 ; 1,219,630 •
31.80: 1850, 38,348; 1,119,348; 29.11: 1840, 38,312; 1,015,260; 26.50: 1030,'
38,312; 1,034,481; 27.00 : 1820, 38,312; 928.558; 24.24: 1810, 38,312; 869,13122.69: 1800, 38,312; 801,608; 20.92: 1790, 38,312; 691,737; 18,05.
West
Virginia: 1860, 23,000:376,688; 16.38: 1850, 23.000; 302,313; 13.14: 1040,
23,000; 224,537; 9.76: 1830, 23,000; 176,924; 7.69: 1820, 23,000; 136,808;
5.95: 1810, 23,000; 105,469; 4.59: 1800, 23,000; 7»,5'12; 3.42: 1790, 23,000;
55.873; 2-43.
(4) No Census taken,
(/) The Spanish Cession, not yet organized as a Territory.
(4)
Disregarding the parcel Cp (see Area Map), which became a part of the (" i ) The upper line, in the next year (1791), became the State of Tennessee
State in 1792.
The lower line is the remainder of this Territory south of the Ohio.
TABLE SHOWING THE PARCELS OF TERRITORY COMPOSING EACH POLITICAL DIVISION AT ANY YEAR FROM 1776 TO 1874.
N ot ®.— In any year not heading a column of this Table or not mentioned in a foot-note, no areal changes occurred.
In the Year columns of this Table, the Roman letters refer to the parcels of territory on the Area map (Plate X V.), and thefigures in parenthesis
refer to the notes under this Table.
Treaties of the United States with foreign powers and the Statutes of the United States for the specified years, constitute the main authorities for thefacts presented in this Table.
These authorities are mainly cited on pp. 574-580 of Vol. I, of the Ninth Census (1870).
In that volume are an analogous map and
table.
That table takes up each tract of territory at the year when it became a part of the area of the United States.
Hence, maps traced from that map in accord with that table will present the territory of the United States only, at the selected date.
On the contrary, this table takes up In its first Year column
everypiece of territory which then (1776) was, or which afterwards became a part of the area of the United States; and any map traced from the area map of this Atlas, pursuant to any column of this table, will show the territory of the United States at the date selected, and will present also, with their names, (he
political divisions then without, but at later dates within the present limits of the United States.
1776
17 8 1
17 8 4
I 78S
17 8 6
178 7
1790
1791
1792
179 6
17 9 8
1800
18 02
Ch (16)......................
Idem . . . .
I d ....................
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P o lit ic a l D iv is io n s .
I
a
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
to
it
13
«3
«4
15
16
*7
18
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30
31
33
33
24
25
a6
27
38
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
5°
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
63
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
1804
18 05
i d . ..
i d ............
i d ........................
i d ........
Id.
Id
id
I d ............................
i d ..........
i d ............
u ........................
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Id
Id
Id
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i d . ..
i d . ..
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u ........................
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id
I d ............
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id
i d ................
T, U .....................
i d ............
u ............
i d : .. ..............
id .. .
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id
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W ,X , Y , Z . . .
Id
i d ................
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Ac, A c, C g .. . id
A c, C g ........
Ab, A c . . . .
Id
18 03
18 0 9
18 12
18 16
Alabama, the Territory o f ...........................
Alaska, the unorganized territory o f.. . . .
Arizona, the Territory o f.............................
A rkansas T erritory.....................................
Arkansas, the State o f .................................
California, the State of.................................
Colorado, the Territory o f...........................
( 'onnccticut, the State of..............................
Dakota, the Territory o f..............................
a
Fast Florida, the Province of..................... S (3)........................... I d ............ I d (3).............. I d ............ I d ............ I d ............
Florida, the Territory of.......................... .
Florida, the Stale o f .....................................
Georgia, the State o f..................................... U, B, C, A s, At (3).. I d ............ Id (3).............. I d ............ Id ............ I d ............ I d .................... I d ............
Idaho, the Territory of.................................
Illinois, the Territory of..............................
Illinois, the Slate of.......................................
Indiana, the Territory of ...........................
Indiana, the State o f ......................... ...........
Indian Country, Thu .................................
Iowa, the Territory of...................................
Iowa, the State o l...........................................
Kansas, the Territory of...............................
Kansas, the State o f...................................... ..................................... .................. .......................... .................. .................. .................. .......................... ..................
( 17)
Louisiana, the Province o f....................... ..
Louisiana, the District of............................
Louisiana, the Territory of...........................
Maine, the State o f.......... .............................
Maryland, the State o f .................................
Massachusetts, the State o f........................
Michigan, the Territory of...........................
Michigan, the State o f..................................
Minnesota, the Territory of.........................
Minnesota, the State o f................................
18 17
I d ............
I d ....................
I d ............
I d ............
I d ............
I d ....................
I d ............
(4)
Id .,
Ar, B s ...
id . .
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(5 )....
Ac, Ae, Y, Z (6).
u r n
Id
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.
"a l ’ ! ! ! ! !
i d ............
id .......
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id . . . . . . . . . . . . . ’ I d . . . . . . . . .
i d ........................ Id (17)........
id . . . i i . i i , .
Id . i i . . . . . . . . . . . i i .
i d . ..
i d ..........................
Id (17).. .
Id . .
id
I d ............
I d ............
I d ....................
I d ....................
I d ............
I d (9) - . ..
I d ............
I d ............
I d ............
I d ............
A p ...................
I d . ..................
I d ............
I d ............
i d ............
i d ............
I d ............
I d ............
i d ........................
i d ........................
I d ................
*
Mississippi, the State o f..............................
Missouri, the Territory o f ...........................
Missouri, the State of....................................
Id . ............
I d ................
i d ............................
I d ............................
I d ............
I d ............
I d ...
I d ...
I d ............
Id . . .
DO
11
13
13
■4
»5
16
«7
18
*9
30
31
33
33
24
25
36
Id
27
38
(8)
Ap, C o ......................
Aq, Cr, Ao, Cq (1)..
I
3
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
(8)
Id . . .
I d ........................
I d ........................
Ad, Ab, Ar, Bs.
I d __
Id .
Id . . .
I d __
Id.
Am, An,.
id . . .
id- ,
Id
id
I d ..
id
i d ................
Id
Id
Ad, Ar, B s .
( 7)
Id
(8)
Id
A/
Id
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
3«
39
40
11
42
Nebraska, the Territory o f...........................
Nebraska, the State o f..................................
Nevada, the Territory o l .............................
Nevada, the State o f.....................................
New Hampshire, the State o f...................... Bk
New Jersey, the State o f.............................. B l...............................
New Mexico, the Territory o f.....................
New Spain, part o f.. . . . .............................
( 13)
New York, the State o f............................... Bn, Bo (13)...............
North Carolina, the State o f........................ Bp, B q .. ‘ .................
Ohio, (lie Territory N. W. of the R iv e r...
Ohio, the Territory South of the River . . .
Ohio, the State o f..........................................
Oregon, the lerritory of.............................. ......................................
Oregon, the State o f . . ..............................
Orleans, the Territory of..............................
Pennsylvania, the State o f.......................... B v ..............................
( 15)
Rhode Island, the State of........................... B w ..............................
South Carolina, the State of......................... Bx, T , A , C m ...........
43
44
45
•
I"
i d . . . ; . . ’ .’ I d . . . . . . . . . . .
I d ............ I d ....................
I d '. '. '. . . . .
I d ............
id .......
i d ............
I d i......
I d ............
id .. . . . . . . . . .
i d ....................
I d i......
I d ............
I d .......
I d ............
I d i......
I d ............
I d ............
I d ............
I d ..........
I d ............
i d ............
i d ............
I d ............
I d ............
I d ............
I d ............
i d ....................
i d ....................
I d ............
I d ............
I d ............
I d ............
I d ............
I d ............
I d ............
I d ............
Bn, B o ...
I d ............
I d ..................
I d ....................
I d ....................
(7)
i d ....................
Bq, T , A , Cm .
Bn...........
I d ............
I d ............
I d ............
id . . . . . . . . . ...
i d ........................
Id . . . . . . . .
I d ............
Id . . . . . . . . . . . . i i .
I d ............................
id ...
i d . ..
ii. i i
i d ........
Id . [ [
I d ......................
Id
Id . . .
id
id
Id
Id
Id
Id
i d ........................
i d ........................
i d ........................
A / .- . v . ..
I d ........................
I d ............ T.A.Cmris) I d ........................
I d ................
I d ................
I d ................
i d ............................
i d ............................
I d ............................
i d ..........
i d ............
Id . .
i d ............
i d ............
i d ........
I d ..............
I d ........................
I d ..............
Id . . .
I d ............
Id . . .
id
fd ...
id t
id
id
id
Id
Id
Id
I d ................
A s, A, Cm, B (14).
Br............................
I d ........
i d . ..........
i d ............
I d ........................
i d ....................
i d ............
I d ................
Id . . .
id ...
I d ................
I d ..........
id
Id
Id
a . an.
i d ..........
I d .. .
Id
fd
Id
~Td
Id
Id
Id
Id
.
.................. .......................... .................. .................. .................. .......................... .................. .................. .................. .............................. ......................
I d ............
I d ............
I d ............
I d ............
I d ....................
I d ....................
I d ....................
I d ....................
I d . ..........
I d ............
I d ............
I d ............
I d ............
I d ............
I d ............
I d ............
I d ............
I d ....................
I d ............
Bv, C p ... I d ............
I d ........................
I d ............
I d ................
I d ............
I d ............
I d ....................
I d ............
I d ............
I d ............
I d ..........
i d ....................!.
i d ........................
I d ........................
I d ................
I d ................
I d ................
i d ........
! id .......
i d ............................ i d ............
i d ...... .............
I d .. .
B x ..................
Id . . . • • • •
I d ............
B q ..........
Texas, the Republic o f ...............................
Texas, the State of........................................
Unorganized ter. VV. of Indian C ountry..
Utah, the Territory o f...................................
Vermont, the State of...................................
Virginia, the State o f..................................... C e .C n , Cf, A 1( i ) . . . I d ............
Washington, the Territory o f .....................
West Fiorlda, the Province o f .................... An, Au, Di, D (3). . I d ............
West Virginia, the State o f..........................
Wisconsin, the Territory o f ........................
Wisconsin, the State o f.................................
/
Wyoming, the Territory o f...........................
Am.An,Au,I) I d ........................
I d ............ I d ........................
i d . __ '
i d ........
i d . ..
i i . ..............' 1!!
i d ........................
i d ..................
47
48
49
50
5*
5*
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
63
63
(>4
65
66
(>7
Ce, Cn, Cf, A l. I d ............
I d ............
I d ............
Ce, Cf, A l . . . .
Bo"..........
I d ............
I d (3)..............
I d ............
I d ............
I d ....................
I d ............
I d ............
Ce, C f....
I d ............
I d ............
i d ........................
i d ........................
I d ................
I d ................
i d ..........
i d ............................
i d ............
i d ............
i d ............
i d ............
i d ........................
i d ........................
I d ............
I d ............
i d ........................
I d ................
i d ............................
i d ............
i d ............
u
I d ............
........................
I d ...
I d ....................
Id
Id
Id
Id-
Id
Id
I d ................
j)i
Id
Id
68
<>9
70
7*
72
73
74
75
76
•
(1) And its western cession shown on the map.
( 3) And its western reserve described in Cessions by States.
(3) Originally the British Provinces of East and West Florida were entirely South of the 31st parallel of North latitude and were separated by the
River Appalachicola.
In 1767, by an Order In Council, A t and C were added to West Florida.
In 1783, [the reference figure for this date is placed above
in the column for 1784, for economy of space,] all of East Florida, and the part of West Florida South of the 31st parallel was ceded by Great Britain to
Spain, while the rest of West Florida (A t and C) was ceded to the United States.
Notwithstanding the Order in Council, Georgia claimed these parcels,
and they are herein accorded to that State. D i should be on the map, to mark all of the present State of Florida west of the Appalachicola.
(4) The part of The Territory Northwest of the River Ohio lying west of the meridian of the present eastern boundary of the State of Indiana (Ab, Ac,
A d, A e, Cg, W, X , Y, Z).
(5) A lso the District of Louisiana— being all of The French Cession (see map), except the Territory of Orleans— was committed to the government
of the officers of this Territory.
(6) And the present States of Illinois and Wisconsin.
(7) Shown on the map.
(8) Same extent as The Province o f Louisiana (see map) less the Territory of Orleans.
(See column for 1804, supra.)
(9) Less its western Cession shown on the map.
(10) Formed subject to the claims of the State of Georgia to the territory.
(11) Comprised the Georgia Cession as shown on the map, and Cm and A of the South Carolina Cession.
(is) Comprised the First and Second Mexican Cessions and the Texan Annexation, as shown on the map.
(13) And its western cession described in Cessions by States.
(14) After the admission of the State of Tennessee to the Union these parcels were styled in legislation “ The territory of the United Stales south
of the State of Tennessee," until T was ceded to Georgia, and A and Cm, with A s and H received from Georgia, were placed in Mississippi Territory.
(15) That part of the area afterwards included in “ The Territory Northwest of the River Ohio,” which lies North of the "M assachusetts Cession."
The British Province of Quebec was established (1763) by Royal Proclamation
By A ct of Parliament (1764) the whole area styled on the map "T h e T er
ritory Northwest of the River O h io ” was added to the Province.
The older provinces, however, despite the Act, maintained their charter areas across the
southern part of this addition to Quebec, as represented on the map by their western cessions.
(16) Russian America.
(17) Shown on the m ap; originally a French province; ceded to Spain in 1763; retroceded to France in 1800; ceded to the United States in 180"
TABLE SHOWING THE PARCELS OF TERRITORY COMPOSING EACH POLITICAL DIVISION AT ANY YEAR FROM 1776 TO 1874 -C oncluded.
N ote ._In any year not heading a column of this Table or not mentioned
Treaties of the United States with foreign powers and the Statutes of the United
table.
That table takes up each tract of territory at the year when it became a
every piece of territory which then (1776) was, or which afterwards became a part
political divisions then without, but at later dates within the present limits of the
in a foot-note, no areal changes occurred.
In the Year columns of this Table, the Roman letters refer to the parcels of territory on the Area map (Plate X V.), and the figures in parenthesis refer to the notes under this Table
States for the specified years, constitute the main authorities for thefacts presented in this Table.These authorities are mainly
cited on pp. 574-580 of Vol. I, of the Ninth Census (1870).
In that volume are an analogous map unb
part of the area of the United States.
Hence, maps traced from that map in accord with that table will present the territory of the United States only, at the selected date.
On the contrary, this table takes up In its first Year column
of the area of theUnited States; and any map traced from the area map of this Atlas, pursuant to any column of this table, will show the territory of the United States at the date selected, and will present also, with their names the
United States.
I
P o l i t i c a l D i v i s io n s .
18 18
18 19
18 20
18 2 1
18 2 2
1834
I8 3 6
18 3 7
18 3 8
18 4 5
I8 4 6
18 4 8
18 4 9
18 5 0
1853
1854
18 5 8
i d ......................
i d ......................
i d ..................
i d ..................
i d ......................
i d ......................
i d ..........
i d ..........
i d ..........
I d ..........
I d ...
I d ...
I d ..............
I d ..............
I d ..............
I d ..............
I d ......................
I d ......................
I d ................................
I d ................
..........
i d ..........
i d ..........
id ...
I d ....
id ....
Id . . . .
id ...
Id.
(14)
id ...
id ...
F ...........
I d ....
Id . . .
id ...
id ...
A .B.C.D I d __
I d ...
9
11
10
19
30
31
I d ..........
I d ...
I d ..............
I d ................................
I d ................................
i d ..........
i d ..........
Id. . .
Id. . .
I d .. .
Id
id .
id .
Id
id . .
I d ....
I d ...
I d ......................
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i d ......................
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I d ..............
I d ..................
I d ................................
i d ..........
I d .. . i
I d ...
I d ...
I d ...
A t ..........
Id ..........
I d ..........
id ....
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i d __
Id. . . . Id . . . i d . ..
I d .... id ... id ...
Id __
S,Di.<3) i d . . .
I d ......................
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I d ....................
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I d . ..
I d ...
i d ..............
I d ..............
i d ......................
i d ......................
I d ................................
I d ................................
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i d . ..
I d . ..
Id . . .
..............
i d ..................
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id. . . . I d . . . .
id ...
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id ...
id ...
i d ....................
C o.........
i d ..............
i d ..............
H. I, J, K L ..
d
. __
N, O, P, Ay, Bd O, N .. ..
I d ...................... Jd ..........
Id . .
18 6 6
Id
Id
18 6 7
3
Id
Id
Id
td
N ,(),P (4). I d ..........
Id
Id . .
Id
Id .
S. Di (3). I d ..........
I d . . . .7 . I d ..........
I d ...
I d ...
i d ..............
i d ..............
I d .......... ...
I d ..............
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I d ................................
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Id . ..
I d . ..
id .....
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Id . '.
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id
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Id
Id
Id
Id
Id
id ...
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Id
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id ....
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id ...
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i d ......................
i d ..................
I d (17)..........
i d ......................
i d ..........
i d ..........
i d ..........
I d . ........
id ...
i d ..............
i d ..............
i d ..............
i d ..............
i d ....................
i d ......................
Id ................................
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id . . i d ....................
I d . .. i d ......................
Id. .
Id . ..
Id
Id . .
Id
td
Id
i d . ..
i d ..............
i d .............. . . . .
I d .. . . . . . . .
Id . .
Id . '.
Id
A t. . .
i i ....................
Id . . . .
I d ...
Id . .
Id . . .
Id
Id
(19)
A g,A i,N Ah,Ai,N I d '...
A?j A h .. Af, A g .. I d . . . i d ..............
C i ...............................
Id . . . . . . . . . . .
H, J, A k, A j.............
31
33
I d ...
I d ..........
I d ....
I d ...
Id . ..
I d ..........
I d ..........
I d ..........
Id *
I d ...
id ...
I a ......................
I d ..................
I d ......................
8
N, ( ) ....
I d ..........
I d ..........
I d ...
i d ..............
i d ..............
i d ......................
I d ................................
i d . ...
I d . ..
i d __
i d . ..
i d . ..
i d . ..
vr
9
to
11
13
'3
'4
'5
16
'7
18
I d ...
id .. . I d ....
7
td
td
Li. . . N, O, P . . .
Id
I d . . . I d ..............
I d __
I d ..........
I
6
5
let
td
id ....
(18)
A i,A f,Ah,A g,N
1
3
E ,C k ..!
I d ..........
(16)
1873
lei
\\ .. .
Indiana, the Territory of ...........................
1868
.......... .................... ................
(5)
I d ...
id
i d . !!
i')
id
Id ..
..
" id .: : ."
id
30
31
33
»3
34
*5
36
37
38
39
............ ............
30
Michigan, the Territory of...........................
(6)
I d . .. I d ..........
I d . . . I d (I)...
I d ....
I d __
I d ....
I d ....
Id __
I d ....
I d __
I d ....
I d ...
I d . ..
I d ...
I d ...
I d ...
I d ...
I d ...
I d ...
I d ...
(7)
I d ....................
I d ......................
I d ......................
I d ......................
I d ..................
I d ..................
I d ..................
I d ..................
I d .............. ...
I d ......................
I d . ....................
I d ......................
i d .. ..
i d ..........
i d ..........
i d ..........
I d ..........
I d ..........
I d ..........
I d ..........
I d . ..
I d ...
I d ...
I d ...
i d ..............
i d ..............
i d ..............
I d ..............
i d ..............
i d ..............
i d ..............
i d ..............
i d ......................
i d ......................
i d ......................
i d ......................
I d ................................
I d ............................. .
I d ...............................
I d ..
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u ...
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Id . ..
I d ..........
I d ..........
i d . ..
Id .
Id . .
I d .. .
I d ...
id
Id
Id
Id
Id
Id
Id
id .: .
A d,A e,A r,Y .
i d ......................
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I d ..............
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id
................
i d . ....................
Id . . .
I d ................................
id
id
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id
Id
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id . \ .
id
Id
Id
Id
td
td ...
id
td
A d, Ar, A e, Y.
I d . . . . I d . .. Id . . . I d ......................
I d (2) . I d . . . (l6)
A v . . . I d . . . I d . . . I d ......................
A v, A w . ..
N .......... i d . . .
Z,Ai,Ah. I d . . .
I d ....................
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I d ..............
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I d ................................
Id . . .
I d ......................
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I d ..
I d ..............
i d ..............
i d ......................
I d ................................
id ..
A z, K ,0 , Be, Bd, P, Ay. i d ..........
Nebraska, the Territory of...........................
Id . . . id . . .
" id .:
i d . ..
Nevada, the Territory o f .............................
id .
i d ! __ !
Ax, Be, Be, Bf..
B g ....................
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Id .
I d ..........
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I d ...
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I d ...
I d ...
I d ..........
I d ..........
I d ..........
I d . . . . Id (21) I d . ..
I d . . . I d .'..'. i d . . .
I d __ I d . . . I d . . .
I d ...
I d ...
I d ...
I d (22)..............
i d . . . ' . ..............
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I d ..................
I d ................
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, ............ ........ .. , • •••••• .......... .......... ............................
I d __ I d __ I d . . . Id . ■ . Br, Bs ..............
I d ..................
Ohio, the Territory N. W. of the R iv e r...
Ohio, the Territory South of the River . , . , , , , , ,
I d . ..
Oregon, the Territory of..............................
id ....
id ....
I d ..........
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I d ...................... I d ..........
i d ..........
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Id . . I d ............
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(8)
i d (12).
..............
I d . . ............................
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id
I d . .. I d ...................... id .
i d . .. Dc,Bm,Bi,E (20) I)e Bm.CI i d . . .
fd
Id
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id
Id
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id
Id
I d ...
H
43
A x ,A y ,P 43
44
45
I"
47
48
19
50
51
53
53
54
55
5b
57
58
59
60
....
I d ................................
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I d . ..
I d ...
I d ......................
I d ................
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id .
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Id .
td
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i d ..................
i d ......................
i d ......................
i d ......................
i d ......................
i d ..........
i d ..........
i d . ........
i d ..........
i d ..........
i d ..........
id ...
I d ...
I d ...
I d ..............
I d ..............
I d ..............
i t ..............
i d ..............
i d . ............
Id . . . ..............
I d ......................
I d ......................
i d ................................
i d ................................
i d ................................
i d ..........
i d ..........
I d ...
Id . . . Id ......................
Id . . . i d ......................
Id . . . I d ......................
Id. ..
i d ........
i d ...
id .
i d . ..
id
Id
Id
Id
id
Id
I d ...
td
Id
id
(9)
id ......
I d ...
I d ........
B v ............
(IO)
(II)
I d ..............
I d ..............
i d . . ..............
i d ......................
i d . . . ..........
i d ......................
Id ......................
id . . . . . . . .
id . .
i d . ..
I d . ..
I d __
Id ..........
Id
i d . ..
i d . ..
id.
id ..
i d . ..
i d ...
i d ..
i d . ..
id ..
id
id
Id
Id
Id
1.
id
id
td
id ..
id ...
id
Id '
Id
Id
Id
Id
id ...
Id
id
C f ..........
i d ...
Id
i d ...
Id
Id
I d .. .
Id . . .
id
id ...
id
Id
Id
(9)
67
I d ...
I d . ..
I d ..........
I d ..........
I d __
I d ....
i d __
I d ....
I d ...
I d ...
I d ...
I d ...
i d ......................
i d ......................
i d ..................
i d ..................
i d ......................
i d . ....................
I d ........
i d ..........
I d .......... Ce,Cf,Cn
I d ...
I d . ..
I d ..............
Id ..............
B u,Bj,Be,A x,V
I d ...
Id ..........
I d ....
Wisconsin, the Territory o f .........................
id . : : :
I d ................................
i d ...............................
I d .. .
id . . . w
Id ......................
Bz, Bh, C d. .
I d . . . ................
/,/......................
Bu, V, Bj, A x..
I d ....
(13)
id ..................
X, Z, C g .........
I d ........
I d ..........
Wyoming, the Territory of..........................
(I)
(3)
(3)
(4)
Less F.
Less Av.
The letters D i should appear on the map to designate all of the present State of Florida west of the River Appalachicola.
And F t, ltd, F t, and F f In the present Territory of Wyoming.
(5) The present Territories of Idaho and Montana and of Wyoming, excepting Cd ( V, A x , A y, P , B e, Bd, B t, B f, B j).
(6) The present States of Michigan and Wisconsin, B t in Ohio and Z in Minnesota (A d, A t, A r, Y , X , Cg, Z, Bs).
(7) The present States of Michigan, Wisconsin, Minnesota, Iowa, F t in Ohio, and N in the Territory of Dakota (A d , A r , B s, A t , A f , Ag, A h , A i,
Cg, X , Y, Z, N ).
(8) The Territory north of the 43d parallel of latitude and west
(9) The Texan etnnexation shown on the map.
(10) Ceded by the State of Texas and not then included in any
(II) From the Rocky Mountains to the State of California with
(13) See text at M a s s a c h u s e t t s .
This transfer of a .d . 1855 is
C i................................
of the Rocky Mountains (V , B t, B u , B j, B e, A x).
State or Territory (C j, H , and A i).
its present latitude (L , B f, B s, Cd, B h, Bg).
placed in the ( 1 8 5 1 ) column to save tabular sp a ce.
Z. . . .
X .C g Id ..............
Id ..............
Id ......................
i d ................................
I d ..........
I d . ..
I d ...
B/ Cd
...
33
34
35
3f>
37
38
39
40
I d __
66
West Florida, the Province o f ....................
i d ........
i d ..........
De, Bm, Bi, E, I, (20) i d ..........
)d
I d __
Quebec, part of the Province of................
Virginia, the State o f............... .....................
.................... ........................ ..
i d .............. i d ....................
i d .............. Bt......................
I d ................................
I d ................................
33
id
I d ..........
I d ...
68
i d ..............
i d ..............
i d ....................
i d ......................
D<> Mm Mi K I i d ......................
I
d
(2'l
l
I
d
........‘.
.
,
(23)
I d ..........
I d ........
u .......... I d . . . I d . ............ i d .............. i d ......................
i d .......... I d . . . I d .............. i d .............. i d ......................
I d ...
I d ...
30
31
td
A z . .. Id
i d ..........
Mir Bit Bi
60
69
70
71
73
73
74
75
76
G ..............
I d ......................
I d ......................
I d ..............
Id . . . .
37
38
39
61
62
63
64
65
i d ..........
E,Bi,Ck.
I d ..........
33
»3
*4
J5
36
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
43
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
53
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
i d ......................
18 6 4
id
i d ..
u ..............
Id
/d . .
I d ...
M
»5
16
*7
18
i d ..................
Id . . . /,/..................
i d . .. I d ......................
18 6 3
Id
Id ..
I d ..
I d ........
Dakota, the Territory o f...............................
13
*3
F .......................
18 6 1
18 5 9
<11
63
63
f>4
f>5
66
<>7
68
B<' Bd Bn
Bf.Bj.Cd
f>9
70
71
73
73
74
75
76
(13) The present States of Wisconsin, Iowa, and Minnesota, and N in the present Territory of Dakota.
(14) The present eastern limit determined a .d . 1825.
Annotated from the iM tltl column, to save lateral space In the tablo.
(15) Ceded to the United States, and named Alaska.
(16) The Indian Country absorbed the then Territory of Missouri.
It also included the parcels A f, A g, A h , A i, and N , which, two days before the
limits of the Indian Country were established, were taken from the Territory of Missouri and added to the Territory of Michigan.
(17) Less A ui.
(18) Less the original (1838) Territory of Iowa.
(19) Less the original (1848) Territory of Oregon.
The Indian Country then comprised that part of The French Cession cast of the Rocky Moun
tains and west of the River Missouri and of the present States of Missouri and Arkansas.
(20) A lso The Gadsden Purchase, shown on the map.
(21) Became a part of The Republic of the United Mexican States, or of Mexico.
(22) Less the Republic of Texas, shown on the map as The Texan Annexation.
(23) Less The F irst M exican Cession.
Then was exactly The Gadsden Purchase.
Ceded A.D. 1853 to the United Slates
@FedFRASER