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STATISTICAL ATLAS. 25 A g e a n d S e x , i n P e r c e n t a g e s o e e a c h E l e m e n t o f t h e P o p u l a t i o n : 188 0 . 124. Total pop illation. 125. "White. The group of diagrams numbered 124 to 128 shows the distribution by age and sex of the population in 1880, classifying it as total population, white, native white, foreign white, and colored. Of these 5 groups, the first and the last two correspond to similar groups in the diagram above relating to 1890, and may be com pared directly with them. The diagrams representing the total population in these two censuses show a general similarity, hut it is seen that the proportion of children under 10 years of age, and particularly under 5 years of age, is much smaller in 1890 than in 1880. To a certain extent this reduction in the proportion of young children is to be expected as the country becomes more fully pop ulated, but so great a change as is here indicated is scarcely to be expected in a single decade. I11 all prob ability there have been omissions in the enumeration of these young children sufficient to produce, in part at least, this difference between the two diagrams. A comparison of the figures showing the distribution of the foreign born by age and sex at these two censuses develops little of note beyond the fact that the proportion of males at advanced ages has increased during the decade relatively to the females. A comparison of the two diagrams representing the dis tribution of the colored in 1880 and 1890 develops in a startling manner the deficiency of young children, which was referred to in connection with the diagrams showing the total population. W hile in 1880 the colored children between 5 and 10 were decidedly greater in proportion than those between 10 and 15, and while the proportion of those under 5 years of age was greater, although not decidedly greater than those in the group above it, we find in 1890 that the children between 5 and 10 were only slightly greater in proportion than those between 10 and 15, while those under 5 years were fewer in number than those between 5 and 10, indicating either a diminished birth rate or a deficient enumeration. The diagrams numbered 129 to 133, inclusive, represent the composition of the population and its elements by sex and age in each state and territory. That portion of each diagram upon the left represents the males, upon the right the females, and the age groups of 5 years each are repre sented by the horizontal lines, the population in each case being assumed at 100. The first of these diagrams relates to the total population. This is in the nature of a composite of all its elements, and the features are a resultant of the features of the various elements, which are analyzed on the succeeding pages. The north Atlantic states are quite similar to one another. The sexes are nearly equal, the advantage, if any, being on the side of the females. The diagrams are narrow, showing a small proportion of children and a com paratively large proportion of adults, together with a con siderable number at advanced ages. I11 several of these states the effect -of foreign immigration is seen in an increase in breadth at ages from 20 to 30 years, and here a feature is recognized that is seen nowhere else. It is an increase in the proportion of women at these ages, which, in all probability, represents foreign white women employed as factory operatives. 126. N ative white. 127. Foreign white. The diagrams representing the south Atlantic states show a practical equality between the sexes, but a much larger proportion of children and correspondingly fewer of advanced age. Among these states there is no indication of immigration, either from abroad or from other states, which would be shown by an increase among adult ages. Among the south central states the same conditions are observed, excepting that they are more accentuated, particularly in a still greater proportion of children, but in both these groups there is a marked depression in the children under 5 years of age. In several states there are fewer children under 5 than there are between 5 and 10 years, a fact which seems to indicate a deficient enumera tion of this class. Among the north central states there is to be noted a progression from east westward, the eastern states approx imating in their tjq>e to that of the north Atlantic states, while those in the western part of this group of states show an excess of males, large numbers of children, and, by the swellings at adult ages, the effect of immigration, both of foreign born and native whites. In the western states all these features are accentuated, and in some of them in very high degree. The proportion of children, though not as great as in the Mississippi val ley, is still considerable, while the fact that the greater proportion of the population is made up of immigrants, either from other states or foreign countries, is shown by the exaggeration of the breadth of the diagrams at adult ages. In all these states, too, the proportion of males is greater than of females, especially at adult ages. To this description exception must be made in the cases of Utah and New Mexico. To New Mexico there has been com paratively little immigration, and while there has been much to Utah, especially from foreign countries, it has consisted in great part of entire families, instead of being, as elsewhere, largely of adult males. Diagram 130 illustrates the distribution by age and sex of the native whites of native parentage, the native white blood of the country. This eliminates from consideration the colored, the foreign whites, and the native whites of foreign parentage. The diagrams representing the north Atlantic states are narrow and symmetrical, the sexes being nearly equal in number, with few children and many of advanced ages. Those representing the south Atlantic and south central states are much broader, with a much larger proportion of children and with comparatively few adults, while the sexes are about equal in number. The differences between these states and those of the north Atlantic are well illus trated by a comparison between the adjoining diagrams of Maine and Louisiana, the latter state having double the proportion of children under 5 years that the former state has, while at ages between 60 and 65 years Maine has three times as large a proportion as Louisiana. In the north central states a progression is seen from east to west, Ohio being quite similar to Pennsylvania, while Indiana, Illinois, and Iowa show greater breadth at the earlier ages and a diminishing breadth at the more advanced ages. In Nebraska and the Dakotas the influence of native migrations upon adults is first seen 128. Colored. in a swelling at these ages, especially on the male side. In the western states and territories this effect becomes much more marked, where it reaches a maximum in W yoming and Montana, which have evidently received a considerable immigration of adult natives of native parentage, and this immigration evidently consists, in the main, of males. The native whites of foreign parentage, diagram 131, pre sent a series of very different diagrams. The most promi nent feature, and one which runs throughout the entire series, is the enormous proportion of children and the cor respondingly small proportion of adults. The parents of this class are immigrants and are not represented upon these diagrams. Moreover, since immigration commenced upon a considerable scale only 45 years ago, we should not expect to find any considerable number represented in this diagram over the age of 45 years. A study of these dia grams throws them into two groups, one that in which young children are very numerous and which presents a tolerably uniform slope from the younger to advanced ages; and another in which the number of young children is com paratively small, and which increases in breadth for 10, 15, or 20 years before diminishing. As specimens of the two cases in point, there may be mentioned Maine and Louis iana. Of the first type are the diagrams representing most of the northern states and of the second type most of those representing the southern states, while many of the west ern states combine the two. The cause of this difference in type is probably interstate migration. The foreign whites being confined almost entirely to the north and west, their children are born there, but as they reach maturity they migrate south and west, and thus produce a notable increase in the southern states at ages above that of childhood. The diagrams representing the foreign whites, No. 132, are at first sight meaningless, but a little study shows their salient features and throws them into more or less system. The first feature to strike the reader is the small propor tion of children. In few states do the children under 5 years of age form 2 per cent of the entire foreign born; in many cases they are less than 1 per cent. The great est proportion is in nearly every case above the age of 25 and commonly ranges from 25 to 50 years. Males are greatly in excess of females in most of the states, but in the New England states, where the factory system has attracted a considerable proportion of women, that sex is slightly in excess. The proportion of males increases with the longitude, being greatest in the Rocky Mountain states and territories, particularly in Montana, W ashing ton, and Wyoming. Diagram 133 represents the distribution of the colored population as to age and sex. In the word “ colored” is here included the Chinese, Japanese, and civilized Indians. In the southern states these diagrams are symmetrical, equally divided between males and females, and with a large proportion of children. In most of these states the children under 5 years form, manifestly, too small a pro portion to be true, indicating a deficient enumeration. In the northern states, where the number of colored is not great, the diagrams are quite irregular, and in the western STATISTICAL ATLAS. 26 129. P ercentag e M a le s . F e m a le s. M a le s . F e m a le s. M ales. of t h e A ggregate P o pu latio n in each A ge G roup , by Se x : 1890. M a le s . F e m a le s . Males. F e m a le s . F e m a le s . M a le s . M a le s . F e m a le s. F e m a le s. A g e s. O v e r 90 85-90 8 0-85 7 5-80 70-75 65-70 60-65 55-60 50-55 45-50 40-45 35-40 30-35 25-30 20-25 15-20 10-15 5-10 0 -5 A g es. O v er 90 85-90 80-85 75-80 70-75 65-70 60-65 5 5-60 5 0-55 45-50 4 0-45 35-40 3 0-3 5 25-30 2 0-2 5 15-20 10-15 5 -1 0 0 -5 CALIFORNIA ALABAMA; O v e r 90 85-90 80-85 75-80 7 0-7 5 65-70 60-65 5 5-6 0 5 0-5 5 4 5-5 0 4 0-4 5 35-40 30-35 25-30 20-25 15-20 10-15 5 -1 0 0- 5 O v e r 90 85-90 80-85 75-80 70-75 65-70 60-65 55-60 50-55 45-50 40-45 35-40 30-35 25-30 20-25 15-20 10-15 5-10 0- 5 a DISTRICT OF COLOMBIA O v e r 90 8 5-90 80-85 7 5-80 70-75 6 5-70 6 0-65 5 5-60 50-55 45-50 4 0-45 3 5-40 30-35 25-30 20-25 15-20 10-15 5-10 0- 5 O v e r 90 85-90 8 0-8 5 75-80 70-75 65-70 6 0-6 5 55-60 5 0-5 5 4 5-5 0 4 0-4 5 35-40 3 0 -3 5 25-30 2 0-2 5 1 5-2 0 1 0-15 5 -1 0 0- 5 O v e r 90 8 5 -9 0 8 0-8 5 7 5-8 0 70-75 6 5-7 0 6 0 -6 5 5 5-6 0 5 0 -5 5 4 5-5 0 4 0 -4 5 3 5-4 0 3 0-3 5 2 5-3 0 2 0-2 6 15-20 1 0-1 5 5 -1 0 0- 5 O v e r 90 8 5 -9 0 8 0 -8 5 7 5 -8 0 7 0-7 5 6 5 -7 0 6 0-6 5 55-60 5 0-5 5 4 5-5 0 4 0-4 5 3 5-4 0 30-35 25-30 2 0 -2 5 15-20 10-15 5 -1 0 0- 5 A 'EE\ / O v e r 90 85-90 80-85 7 5-80 70-75 65-70 6 0-65 5 5-60 50-55 4 5-50 40-45 35-40 3 0-3 5 2 5-30 2 0-25 15-20 10-15 5-10 0- 5 p a r c u iL N WH MS IR E A PH E M in n e s o t a fc 7 8 7 J NORTH DAKOTA NEW JERSEY O v e r 90 85-90 80-85 7 5-8 0 7 0-7 5 6 5-7 0 60 65 55-60 50-55 45-50 40-45 3 5-4 0 3 0-3 5 2 5-3 0 20-25 15-20 10-15 5 -1 0 0- 5 t7 PENNSYLVANIA O v e r9 0 85-90 80-85 7 5-8 0 7 0-75 6 5-70 6 0-65 55-60 50-55 45-50 40-45 35-40 30-35 25-30 20-25 15-20 10-15 5-10 0- 5 UTAH VERM ONT RHODE ISLAND O v e r 90 8 5-90 8 0-85 7 5-80 7 0-75 65-70 60-65 55-60 50-55 45-50 40-45 35-40 30-35 25-30 20-25 15-20 10-15 5-10 0- 5 O v e r 90 85-90 80-85 75-80 70-75 05-70 60-65 55-60 50-55 45-50 40-45 35-40 30-35 25-30 20-25 15-20 10-15 5-10 0- 5 SOUTH CAROLINA O v e r 90 85-90 80-85 75-80 70-75 65-70 60-65 55-60 50-55 45-50 40-45 35-40 30-35 25-30 20-25 15-20 10-15 5-10 0- 5 27 STATISTICAL ATLAS. 130. P er ce n ta g e Males. Females. Males. of th e N a t iv e W h ite P opulation Females. M ales. Females. Males. of Females. Ages. N a t iv e P a r e n t a g e Males. in each Females. A ge G roup , M ales. by Sex : 1890. Females. Males. I Over 90 85-90 80-85 75-80 70-75 65-70 60-65 55-60 50-55 45-50 40-45 35-40 30-35 25-20 20-25 15-20 10-15 5-10 0- 5 Over 90 85-90 80-85 75-80 70-75 65-70 60-65 55-60 50-55 45-50 40-45 35-40 30-35 25-30 20-25 15-20 10-15 5-10 0- 5 CONNECTICUT Over 90 85-90 80-85 75-80 70-75 65-70 60-65 50-60 50-55 45-50 40-45 35-40 30-35 25-30 20-25 15-20 10-15 5-10 0- 5 * fftrccnJ”- Over CO 85-90 80-85 75-80 70-75 65-70 60-65 55-60 50-55 45-50 40-45 35-40 30-35 25-30 20-25 15-20 10-15 5-10 0- 5 4* *7 Over 90 85-90 80-85 75-80 70-75 65-70 60-65 55-60 50-55 45-50 40-45 35-40 30-35 25-30 20-25 15-20 10-15 5-10 0- 5 IOWA ILL IN O IS Over 90 85-90 80-85 75-80 70-75 65-70 60-65 55-60 50-55 45-50 40-45 35-40 30-35 25-30 20-25 15-20 10-15 5-10 0- 5 MASSACHUSETTS Over90 85-90 80-85 75-80 70-75 65-70 60-65 55-60 50-55 45-50 40-45 35-40 30-35 25-30 20-25 15-20 10-15 5-10 0- 5 Over 90 85-90 80-85 75-80 70-75 65-70 60-65 55-60 50-55 45-50 40-45 35-40 30-35 25-30 20-25 15-20 10-35 5-10 0- 5 pircanJ" MISSISSIPPI pare MISSOURI MONTANA N EBRASKA NEW HAMPSHIRE Over 90 85-90 80-85 75-80 70-75 65-70 60-65 55-60 50-55 45-50 40-45 35-40 30-35 25-30 20-25 15-20 10-15 5-10 0- 5 Over 90 85-90 80-85 75-80 70-75 65-70 60-65 55-60 50-55 45-50 40-45 35-40 30-35 25-30 20-25 15-20 10-15 5-10 0- 5 Over 90 85-90 80-85 75-80 70-75 65-70 60-65 55-60 50-55 45-50 40-45 35-40 30-35 25-30 20-25 15-20 10-15 5-10 0- 5 NEW YORK NEW JERSEY OREGON Over 90 85-90 80-85 75-80 70-75 65-70 60-C5 55-60 50-55 45-50 40-45 35-40 30-35 25-30 20-25 15-20 10-15 Females. PENNSYLVANIA RHODE IS L A N D pcrctnf TE X A S Over 90 85-90 80-85 75-80 70-75 65-70 60-65 55-60 50-55 45-50 40-45 35-40 30-35 25-30 20-25 15-20 10-15 5-10 0- 5 STATISTICAL ATLAS 28 13 1. Ages. Over 90 85-90 80-85 75-80 70-75 65-70 60-65 55-60 50-55 45-50 40-45 35-40 30-35 25-30 20-25 15-20 10-15 5-10 0- 5 Males. Females. Percentage Males. Females. o f th e N a t iv e Males. W h it e Females. P o p u l a t io n Males. o f F o r e ig n Females. Parentage Males. in ea ch Females. A ge G rou p, by Males. Sex : 18 9 0 . Females. Males. Females. Ages. Over 90 85-90 80-85 75-80 70-75 G5-70 60-65 55-60 50-55 45-50 40-45 35-40 30-35 25-30 20-25 15-20 10-15 5-10 0- 5 OverOO 85-90 80-85 75-80 70-75 65-70 60-65 55 -60 50-55 45 50 40-45 35-40 30-35 25-30 20-25 15-20 10-15 5-10 0- 5 Over 90 85-90 80-85 75-80 70-75 G5-70 60-65 55-60 50-55 45-50 40-45 35-40 30-35 25-30 20-25 15-20 10-15 5-10 0- 5 Over 90 85-90 80-85 75-80 70-75 65-70 C0-C5 55-60 50-55 45-50 40-45 35-40 30-35 25-30 20-25 15-20 10-15 5-10 0- 5 Over 90 85-90 80-85 75-80 70-75 65-70 00-65 55-60 50-55 45-50 40-45 35-40 30-35 25-30 20-25 15-20 10-15 5-10 0- 5 Over 90 85-90 80-85 75-80 70-75 65-70 00-65 55-60 50-55 45-50 40-45 35-40 30-35 25-30 20-25 15-20 10-15 5-10 0- 5 85-90 80-85 75-80 70-75 65-70 60-65 55-60 50-55 45-50 40-45 35-40 30-35 25-30 20-25 15-20 10-15 5-10 0- 5 Over 90 85-90 80-85 75-80 70-75 65-70 60-65 55-60 50-55 45-50 40-45 35-40 30-35 25-30 20-25 15-20 10-15 5-10 J 0- 5 Over 90 85-90 80-85 75-80 70-75 65-70 60-65 55-60 50-55 45-50 40-45 35-40 30-35 25-30 20-25 15-20 10-15 5-10 0- 5 Over 90 85-90 80-85 75-80 70-75 65-70 60-65 55-60 50-55 45-50 40-45 35-40 30-35 25-30 20-25 15-20 10-15 5-10 0- 5 Over 90 85-90 80-85 75-80 70-75 65-70 60-65 55-60 59-55 45-50 40-45 35-40 30-35 25-30 23-25 15-20 10-15 5-10 0- 5 Over 90 85-90 80-85 75-80 70-75 G5-70 GO-65 55-60 50-55 45-50 40-45 35-40 30-35 25-30 20-25 15-20 10-15 5-10 0- 5 29 STATISTICAL ATLAS, 172. P ercentage of t h e F oreign W h it e P o pu latio n in each A ge G roup , by Se x : 1890. Ages. Over 90 85-90 80-85 75-80 70-75 05-70 00-65 55-G0 50-55 45-50 40-45 35-40 30-35 25-30 20-25 15-20 10-15 5-10 0- 5 Males. Females. Males. Females. Males. Females. Males. Females. Males. Females. Males. Females. Males. Females. Ages. Over 90 85-90 80-85 75-80 70-75 65-70 60-65 55-60 50-55 45-50 40-45 35-40 30-35 25-30 20-25 15-20 10-15 5-10 0- 5 ARIZONA Over 90 85-90 80-85 73-80 70-75 05-70 60-05 55-60 50-55 45-50 40-45 35-40 30-35 25-30 20-25 15-20 10-15 5-10 ARKANSAS CONNECTICUT Over 90 85-90 80-85 75-80 70-75 65-70 60-65 55-60 50-55 45-50 40-45 35-40 30-35 25-30 20-25 15-20 10-15 5-10 0- 5 pti-ce-nt IDAHO Over 90 85-90 80-85 75-80 70-75 65-70 GC-65 55-60 50-55 45-50 40-45 35-40 30-35 25-30 20-25 15-20 10-15 5-10 0- 5 IN D IA N A pircan L KENTUCKY MARYLAND Over 90 85-90 80-85 75-80 70-75 65-70 60-65 55-60 50-55 45-50 40-45 35-40 30-35 25-30 20-25 15-20 10-15 5-10 0- 5 MASSACHUSETTS Over 90 85-90 80-85 .75-80 * 70-75 65-70 60-65 55-60 50-55 45-50 40-45 35-40 30-35 25-30 20-25 15-20 10-15 5-10 0- 5 Over 90 85-90 80-85 75-80 70-75 65-70 60-65 55-60 50-55 45-50 40-45 35-40 30-35 25-30 20-25 15-20 10-15 5-10 0 -5 Over 90 85-90 80-85 75-80 70-75 65-70 60-65 55-60 50-55 45-50 40-45 35-40 30-35 25-30 20-25 15-20 10-15 5-10 0- 5 Over 90 85-90 89-85 73-80 70-75 65-70 60-65 55-60 50-55 45-50 40-45 35-40 30-35 25-30 20-25 15-20 10-15 5-10 0- 5 NEW JERSEY NORTH D A K O T A Over 90 85-90 80-85 75-80 70-75 65-70 60-65 55-60 50-55 45-50 40-45 35-40 30-35 25-30 20-25 15-20 10-15 5-10 0- 5 PENNSYLVANIA Over 90 85-90 80-85 75-80 70-75 65-70 60-65 55-60 50-55 45-50 40-45 35-40 30-35 25-30 20-25 15-20 10-15 5-10 0- 5 SOUTH CAROLINA Over 90 85-90 80-85 75-80 70-75 05-73 63-65 65-60 50-55 43-50 40-45 35-40 80-35 25-30 20-25 15-20 10-15 5-10 0- 5 Over 00 85-90 80-85 75-80 70-75 65-70 60-65 55-60 50-55 45-50 40-45 35-40 30-35 25-30 20-25 15-20 10-15 5-10 0- 5 VERMONT W E S T V IR G IN IA J STATISTICAL ATLAS. 30 13 3 . Males. Females. Males. Percentage Females. oe t h e Males. Colored Females. P o p u l a t io n Males. in ea ch Fem ales. A ge G rou p, by Males. S e x : 1890 . Females. Males. Females. M ales. Fem ales. Ages. A ges. Over 90 85-90 80-85 75-80 70-75 65-70 60-65 55-60 50-55 45-50 40-45 35-40 30-35 25-30 20-25 15-20 10-15 5-10 0- 5 Over SO 85-90 80-85 75-80 70-75 65-70 60-65 55-60 50-55 45-50 40-45 35-40 30-35 25-30 20-25 15-20 10-15 5-10 0- 5 COLORADO C.ONNE.C.TI CU T Over 90 85-90 80-85 75-80 70-75 65-70 60-65 55-60 50-55 45-50 40-45 35-40 30-35 25-30 20-25 15-20 10-15 5-10 0- 5 Over 90 85-90 80-85 75-80 70-75 65-70 60-65 55-60 50-55 45-50 40-45 35-40 30-35 25-30 20-25 15-20 10-15 5-10 0- 5 D IS T R IC T OF C O LU M & IA Over 90 85-90 80-85 75-80 70-75 65-70 60-65 55-60 50-55 45-50 40-45 35-40 30-35 25-30 20-25 15-20 10-15 5-10 0- 5 Over 90 85-90 8ir-85 75-80 70-75 65-70 60-65 55-60 50-55 45-50 40-45 35-40 30-35 25-30 20-25 15-20 10-15 5-10 0- 5 MASSACHUSETTS M IC H IG A N Over 90 85-90 80-85 75-80 70-75 65-70 60-65 55-60 50-55 45-50 40-45 35-40 30-35 25-30 25-20 20-15 10-15 5-10 0- 5 Over 90 85-90 80-85 75-80 70-75 65-70 60-65 55-60 50-55 45-50 40-45 35-40 30-35 25-30 20-25 15-20 10-15 5-10 0- 5 P 'C .rL X UC t » A f NORTH D A K O T A Over 90 85-90 80-85 75-80 70-75 65-70 60-65 55-60 50-55 45-50 40-45 35-40 30-35 25-30 20-25 15-20 10-15 5-10 0- 5 Over 90 85-90 80-85 75-80 70-75 65-70 60-65 55-60 50-55 45-50 40-45 35-40 30-35 25-30 20-25 15-20 10-15 5-10 0- 5 X J OKLAHOMA Over 90 85-90 80-85 75-80 70-75 65-70 00-65 55-60 50-55 45-50 40-45 35-40 30-35 25-30 20-25 15-20 10-15 5-10 0- 5 Over 90 85-90 80-85 75-80 70-75 65-70 60-65 55-60 50-55 45-50 40-45 35-40 30-35 25-30 20-23 15-20 10-15 5-10 0- 5 75-80 ' 70-75 65-70 60-65 55-60 50-55 % 45-50 40-45 35-40 80-35 25-30 20-25 15-20 10-15 5-10 0- 5 W E S T V IR G IN IA PLATE 135. CONJUGAL CONDITION OF THE POPULATION BY SEX, GENERAL NATIVITY, PARENTAL NATIVITY, AND COLOR, 32. IN PROPORTIONS OF THE TOTAL NUMBER OF EACH ELEMENT, 1890. M A L E S FEMALES COLORED.......... ...... .............................. ............ FOREIGN W H IT E ___........ ........ ....... ............. NATIVE W H ITE OF FOREIGN PARENTS NATIVE W H IT E OF NATIVE PARENTS NATIVE W H IT E _____________ ____________ W HITE .......... _ .................... ........ AGGREGATE ___ ____________ _ ___ ___ _ W ID O W ED 136. CONJUGAL COND ITI ON OF T H E POPULATION BY AGE AND SEX, IN PROPORTIONS OF T H E TOTAL NUMBER OF EACH AGE GROUP: 1 8 9 0 . AGES MALES 65- + FEMALES H < 55-65 65- + >0 \ O V 45-55 AGES - < 137. P R O P O R T I O N K \ 5 O 30 -3 5 PER 45-55 Y' .10 <b 3 5-4 5 ' .2 0 3 5 -4 5 > ■ OF D I V O R C E D TO M A R R I E D : 1 8 9 0 . 5 5 - 65 30-3 5 < o 25-30 25-30 H r 20-25 15-20 20 -2 5 I V i 15-20 c 0 -15 0 -15 — PER 100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 CENT O 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 138. PROPORTI ON 100 0 F D 1V 0 R C E D TO M AR R I ED : P E R S 0 N S : 1890. .3 0 .40 CENT. .50 .60 .7 0 .8 0 .90 STATISTICAL ATLAS. states, especially those on the Pacific coast, where the colored element is made up mainly of Chinese, adult males are greatly in the majority, there being few children and females. 31 134. P e r c e n t a g e o f t h e N a t iv e W h it e o f N a t i v e P a r e n t a g e a n d o f t h e C o l o r e d , u n d e r T e r r i t o r i e s : 18 9 0 . N ative whites o f native parentage. [Per oent.] i Y e a r o f A g e , b y States and Colored. [Per cent.] Diagram 134 exhibits the proportion on the one hand of the native whites of native parentage, and on the other hand of the colored, who are less than 1 year of age. The states are arranged in the order of the propor tions of the native whites of native parentage, an order which places Utah at the head of the list, in which state 4.4 per cent are less than 1 year of age. It is followed by Wisconsin with 3.7 per cent, North Dakota with 3.6, New Mexico with 3.5, etc. The states having the largest pro portion are those of the west and south. The states at the foot of the list having the smallest proportion are those of New England. Turning to the other side of the diagram, the bars which represent the proportion of colored who are less than 1 year of age show the utmost diversity, but an examination shows that in general the southern states, those which contain the greatest proportion of negroes and those which from their climate are presumably best adapted to the race, are those in which the proportion under 1 year of age is the greatest. Thus, of all these states, South Carolina stands first and Georgia second, while Tennessee, Mississippi, and Texas follow with about equal proportions. CO N JU G AL CONDITION. The diagrams and maps on plate 32 show the conjugal condition of the population in 1890. Diagram 135 shows by sex, race, and nativity the proportion of the people who were single, married, and widowed. Of the total males and of the white males, 62 per cent were single, 35 per cent were married, and 3 per cent widowed, while of the females the corresponding percentages were 53, 37, and 7. Single persons were fewer, while married and widowed were more numerous. Among the native whites the proportion of single per sons was greater than among the total population and the proportion of married and widowed less. Separating this class into those of native and of foreign parentage, it appears that the proportions of the former who were single, married, and widowed are about the same as with the total population, while with the latter the proportion of single is much larger and those of married and widowed much smaller. This is explained by the fact that the native whites of foreign parentage are largely made up of children. Of the foreign whites only a small proportion are single, while the married and widowed form a very large propor tion. This is, of course, due to the fact that the greater part of our immigration consists of adults. Of the col ored, a slightly larger proportion are single than is the case with the total population, while there are smaller proportions of married and widowed. Diagram 136, plate 32, shows for the total population the proportions of the single, married, and widowed, classi fied by sex and by age. It shows that no appreciable proportion marries before the age of 15; that 10 per cent of women and 1 per cent of the men marry between 15 and 20; that the proportion of married and widowed women, taking the two classes together, is greater than that of men at every age, and that the proportion of widows is at every age much the greater, for the reason given above. Diagram 137, plate 32, shows the proportion of divorced to married persons. W hile among the total population it was .54 per cent, among the native whites of native parent age, it was .61 per cent; among the native whites of for eign parentage it was on ly .50, and among the foreign bom still less, being but .34 per cent. On the other hand, among the negroes it was the largest, being .66 per cent. The small map on plate numbered 138, plate 32, shows the distribution of divorced persons over the country, expressed in the proportion which their number bore to that of the married. In most of the Atlantic states this proportion was less than half of 1 per cent; over the Mississippi valley it was between one-half and one per cent, and in the far west it ranged from 1 to 2 per cent. 13 9 . P e r c e n t a g e o f I l l it e r a t e s a m o n g t h e N a t iv e W h it e , t h e F o r e ig n W h it e , a n d th e loo 100 90 C o l o r e d , i o Y e a r s o f A g e a n d O v e r : 18 9 0 .
@FedFRASER