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STATISTICAL ATLAS. 9 STATISTICAL ATLAS OF THE UNITED STATES. E L E V E N T H C E N S U S : 1 8 9 0 . POPULATION. The population of the United States on June i, 1890, was 62,622,250. In 1790, a century earlier, it was 3,929,214. A t the end of the century the country con tained sixteen times as many people as at its beginning. The progress of the country in population, decade by decade, is shown graphically in Diagram 1, by the total length of the bars, and is here set forth in tabular form, with the absolute increase and the rates of increase. CENSUSKS. 1790. Increase. P o p u la tio n . Per cent o f increase. 3,929,214^ 1800. 5, 308, 483 | 1810. 7, 239, 881 I 1820. 9, 633,822 1830. 12, 866, 020 1840......................... 17,069,453] i >376>269 35- IO 1, 93U 398 36-38 2, 393, 941 33- 0 7 3, 2 3 2 , 19 8 33-55 4, 203, 433 3 2 .6 7 23,191,876-’ i860......................... 31,443,321 1870..................... 38, 558, 371 1 1880................. 50,155, 783 I 1890...................... The average density of population has differed greatly at different times, owing to the increasing population and increasing area of the country. The following table shows the accessions of territory, with dates and areas, and Map 2, plate 1, represents their limits: From 1800 to 1810 it moved westward and slightly southward to a point about 40 miles northwest by west from Washington, being in latitude 390 11.5' and longitude 770 37.2'. The southward movement during this decade appears to have been due to the annexation of the territory of Louisiana, which contained quite extensive settlements. A r e a o f a c c e s s io n . ( S q u a re m ile s .) T o t a l a re a . ( S q u a re m ile s .) 35-87 8 ,2 5 1,4 4 5 35-58 Original territo ry ...................... 827,844 827,844 7, 1 1 5 , 0 5 0 2 2 . 63 Louisiana and Oregon, 1803 . . . Florida, 1 8 2 1 ............................. I, I7L 93I 59, 268 1, 999,775 2,059,043 Texas, 18 45............................... 376, 163 2,435,206 First Mexican cession, 18 4 8 .... 545,753 2,980,959 3,025, 600 30 . 08 12, 4 6 6 , 4 6 7 24. 86 62, 622, 250 • Gadsden purchase, 1853............ Alaska, 1867............................... 44, 641 (Area uilknown.) 1. U r b a n a n d T o t a l P o p u l a t i o n a t e a c h C e n s u s : 1790 t o 1890. [Millions o f inhabitants.] 20 30 The center of population is the center of gravity of the population of the country, each individual being assumed to have the same weight and to press downward with a force proportional to his distance from that center. In 1790 the center of population was at 39° 16.5' north latitude and 76° 11.2' west longitude, which is about 23 miles east of Baltimore. During the decade from 1790 to 1800 it moved almost due west to a point about 18 miles west of the same city, being in latitude 390 16.1' and longitude 76° 56.5'. ACCESSIONS. 11 ,5 9 7 ,4 12 C E N T E R O F PO PU LA TIO N . The rate of increase reached a maximum in 1800-1810, then gradually diminished, in accordance with natural laws, until 1840-1850, when immigration set in and raised it to a second maximum, since which time it has dimin ished. The rates between i860 and 1870 and between 1870 and 1880 can not be regarded as normal or truthful rates, owing to the causes above stated. , 12 2 ,4 2 3 6 1850......................... The absolute increase was larger at each census than at that next preceding except in one case, that of 1860-1870, when it fell below that of the preceding decade. This was in part the effect of the war and in part the deficient enumeration of 1870. 40 50 From 1810 to 1820 it moved westward and again slightly southward to a point about 16 miles north of Woodstock, Va., being in latitude 390 5.7' and longitude 78° 33'. This second southward movement appears to have been due to the extension of settlement in Missis sippi, Alabama, and eastern Georgia. From 1820 to 1830 it moved still farther westward and southward to a point about 19 miles southwest of Moorefield, in the present State of West Virginia, being in latitude 38° 57.9' and longitude 790 16.9'. This is the most decided southward movement that it has made dur ing any decade. It appears to have been due in part to the addition of Florida to our territory and in part to the great extension of settlements in Louisiana, Mississippi, and Arkansas, or generally, it may be said, in the southwest. From 1830 to 1840 it moved still farther westward, with a northward component slightly changed its direction northward, reaching a point 16 miles south of Clarksburg, W. Va., in latitude 390 2' and longitude 8o° 18'. During this decade settlements had made decided advances in the prairie states and in the southern portions of Michigan and Wisconsin, which evidently overbalanced the increase of settlement in the southwest. The total length o f each bar represents the aggregate population, while the black portion o f each bar indicates the urban element—>tbat is, the population contained in cities having 8,000 inhabitants or more. 3. N u m b e r o f I n h a b it a n t s to t h e S q u a r e M il e a t e a c h C e n s u s : 1790 t o 1890. The following table and Diagram 3 show the mean den sity of the population at each census. Alaska is excluded, both as to population and density, as its area is known only approximately. CENSUSES. A rea. 827,844 D e n s it y . 1790..................................................... 1800........................................... . 827, 844 1810..................................................... i , 999,775 3. 62 1, 999, 775 2,059,043 4. 82 2, 059, 043 2, 980, 959 8. 29 1850.................................................... i860..................................................... 3,025,600 10. 39 1870.................................................... 3, 025,600 12.74 1880..................................................... 3, 025, 600 16.58 1890.................................................... 3, 025, 600 20. 70 1820..................................................... 1830..................... ............................... •1840..................................................... 4- 75 6. 41 6.25 7.78 Thus, although the area here considered has increased between three and four times in the century, the density of population has become between four and five times as great. From 1840 to 1850 it moved westward and slightly southward again, reaching a point about 23 miles south east of Parkersburg, W. Va., in latitude 38° 59' and long itude 810 19', the change of direction southward being largely due to the annexation of Texas. From 1850 to i860 it moved westward and slightly northward, reaching a point 20 miles south of Chillicothe, Ohio, this being in latitude 39° 0.4', longitude 82° 48.8'. From i860 to 1870 it moved westward and sharply northward, reaching a point about 48 miles east by north of Cincinnati, Ohio, in latitude 390 12', longitude ^3° 35-7'- This northward movement was due in part to waste and destruction in the south consequent upon the civil war, and in part probably to the fact that the census of 1870 was defective in its enumeration of the south ern people, especially of the newly enfranchised colored population. In 1880 the center of population had returned south ward to nearly the same latitude which it had in i860, being in latitude 390 4.1', longitude 84° 39.7'. This south ward movement was due only in part to an imperfect enumeration at the south in 1870. During the decade between 1870 and 1880 the southern states increased greatly, both from natural growth and from southward immigration. STATISTICAL ATLAS. io 4. Cen ter o f P o p u l a t io n a t e a ch C en su s : 1790 To 1890. 4 < 5. S k e t c h o f t h e C e n t e r o f P o p u l a t i o n : 1890. J ) 9. 11TH CENSUS. 1890 10TH CENSUS. 1880 9TH CENSUS. 1870 RANK OF STATES AND TERRITORIES IN POPULATION AT EACH CENSUS: 8TH CENSUS. 1860 7TH CENSUS. 1850 6TH CENSUS. 1840 5TH CENSUS. 1830 1790— 1890. 4TH CENSUS. 1820 PLATE 2. 3RD CENSUS. 1810 2ND CENSUS. 1800 1ST CENSUS. 1790 NEW YORK ^ VIRGINIA MASSACHUSETTS PENNSYLVANIA ILLINOIS > PENNSYLVANIA OHIO > N E W YORK MISSOURI y NORTH CAROLINA MASSACHUSETTS ^ TEXAS MARYLAND SOUTH CAROLINA INDIANA y CONNECTICUT MICHIGAN > NEW JERSEY IOWA GEORGIA y NEW HAMPSHIRE y GEORGIA y RHODE ISLAND TENNESSEE > DELAWARE KENTUCKY WISCONSIN ES? VIRGINIA E ISLAND NORTH CAROLINA DELAWARE ALABAMA OHIO y DISTRICT OF NEW JERSEY KANSAS COLUMBIA MISSISSIPPI y INDIANA MINNESOTA MISSISSIPPI CALIFORNIA SOUTH CAROLINA ARKANSAS LOUISIANA NEBRASKA MARYLAND WEST VIRGINIA CONNECTICUT MAINE COLORADO FLORIDA NEW HAMPSHIRE WASHINGTON RHODE ISLAND VERMONT SOUTH DAKOTA OREGON DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA UTAH NORTH DAKOTA DELAWARE NEW MEXICO MONTANA IDAHO OKLAHOMA WYOMING DAKOTA Z> ARIZONA WYOMING ARIZONA NEVADA ALASKA J U L IU S B IE N A CO I ITH N v 11 STATISTICAL ATLAS. During the past decade the center of population has moved northward into practically the same latitude which it occupied in 1870. It has moved westward 53' 13", or 48 miles, being less by 10 miles than its movement during the preceding decade, 6 miles greater than the movement between i860 and 1870, and slightly less than the average westward movement since the first census, its present position being in latitude 390 iT 56" and longitude 85° 6. P o p u l a t i o n o f e a c h S t a t e a n d T e r r i t o r y : 1S90. [Hundreds o f thousands.] states . 12 18 2+ 30 36 ■4-2 48 54 60 NEYADA A R IZ O N A W Y O M IN G O K LA H O M A ID A H O M ON TANA N E W M EXICO DELAW ARE 32' 53"- N ORTH D A K O T A T he most salient point of its progress during the past decade is the northing which has been made, which is doubtless due to the great development in the cities of the northwest and in the state of Washington, and in no small degree to the increase of population in New England. The center of area of the United States, excluding Alaska, is in northern Kansas, in approximate latitude 390 55' and approximate longitude 98° 50'. The center of population is therefore about three-fourths of a degree south and more than 17 degrees east of the center of area. T he following table, with Map 4, shows the movement of the center of population since 1790: UTAH D IS T . O F COL. OREGON SOUTH D A K O T A VE R M O N T RHODE IS L A N D W ASH ING TO N N E W H A M PSH IR E F L O R ID A COLORADO M A IN E CO N N E CTIC U T W E S T V IR G IN I A M ARYLAND N EBRASKA LO U ISIA N A ARKAN SAS SOUTH C A R O L IN A P O S IT IO N O F T H E CENTER C A L IF O R N IA O F P O P U L A T IO N . M ISSISSIP PI M IN N ESO TA YEARS. N o rth la t it u d e . West lo n g it u d e . A p p r o x im a t e lo c a t io n b y im p o r t a n t to w n s . W e stw a rd m ovem ent d u r in g p r e c e d in g d ecade. KAN SAS N EW JE R SE Y ALABAM A N ORTH C A R O L IN A V IR G IN I A O 1790.. 1800.. 1810.. / 39 16.5 39 16. 1 39 i i - 5 O t W ISCONSIN 76 11. 2 23 miles east of Balti more, Md. 76 56- 5 18 miles west of Balti 41 miles. more, Md. KEN TU CKY 40 miles northwest by west of Washingington, D. C. M IC H IG A N 77 37- 2 TE N N E SSE E G E O R G IA 36 miles. IN D IA N A TEXAS 1820.. 39 5- 7 78 33-o 16 miles north of Woodstock, Va. 50 miles. 1830.. 38 57-9 79 16.9 19 miles west-south west of K-oorefield, W . Va. 39 miles. M ASSACH U SETTS M ISSOURI OHIO IL L IN O IS P E N N S Y L V A N IA NEW YORK 1840.. 39 2.0 80 18.0 16 miles south of Clarksburg, W. Va 55 miles. 1850.. 38 59-o 81 19.0 23 miles southeast of Parkersburg, W. Va. 55 miles. i860. . 39 o-4 82 48. 8 20 miles south of Chillicothe, Ohio. 81 miles. 1870.. 39 12. 0 83 35-7 48 miles east by north 42 miles. of Cincinnati,Ohio. 8. N u m b e r o f I n h a b i t a n t s t o t h e S q u a r e M i l e , b y S t a t e s a n d T e r r i t o r i e s : 1890. 1880.. 39 4- 1 84 39-7 8 miles west by south 58 miles. of Cincinnati,Ohio. 1890.. 39 85 32-9 20 miles east of Col umbus, Ind. i i -9 IO W A 48 miles. STATES. aoo MS 250 s n __ 22£L 325 RHODE IS L A N D M ASSACH U SETTS N E W JE R S E Y CO N N ECTICU T NEW YO RK P E N N S Y L V A N IA M ARYLAND T he present position of the center of population is shown by Map 5. OHIO The population of each state and territory is shown graphically by Diagram 6, the largest in point of popu lation being New York, with about 6,000,000 people, the smallest, Nevada, with but 45,761. IN D IA N A Diagram 7 shows the population of each state and territory at each census from the time of its formation to 1890. These diagrams illustrate many different phases of growth, under conditions as widely diverse as possible. A t the time of the first census most of the states on the Atlantic border were settled communities. W hile each of these has increased greatly in population during the century, not one of them has increased at a very rapid rate. Indeed, in the case of Maine, New Hampshire, and Vermont the increase has in recent decades been but trifling, and has consisted of urban population, induced by progress in manufacturing industries. In Massachusetts, Rhode Island, Connecticut, New York, New Jersey, and Pennsylvania the rate of increase has been accelerated during the more recent decades because of the rapid increase in manufacturing industries in these states. The south Atlantic states, where manufactures have made but little progress, show a tolerably steady increase from first to last. The north central states show a very rapid pro portional increase in the early decades, which has become reduced in more recent years. These states are in various stages of the agricultural phase of their existence. In the eastern states it is well advanced; indeed, in these manufactures are beginning to assume prominence, while DELAW ARE IL L IN O IS KEN TU CKY TEN N ESSEE N E W H A M P S H IR E V IR G IN IA M ISSO URI SOUTH C A R O L IN A M IC H IG A N V ERM O N T IO W A N O R TH C A R O L IN A G E O R G IA W ISCO N SIN W E ST V IR G IN IA ALABAM A M IS S IS S IP P I L O U IS IA N A M A IN E ARKAN SAS KAN SAS M IN N E SO T A N EBRASKA TEXAS C A L IF O R N IA FLO R ID A W A SH IN G TO N SO UTH D A K O T A COLORADO OREGON NORTH D A K O T A UTAH. O KLA H O M A N E W M EXICO IDAH O M O N TA N A W Y O M IN G A R IZO N A NEVADA the western states of this section are yet in an early stage of agriculture. The case is very similar in the south central states, while the western states are in a very early stage of settlement, and the proportional increase of popu lation in nearly all of them is still great. Diagram 8 shows the density of population of each state and territory. Leaving out of account the District of Columbia, which is to all intents a city, and whose density of population is correspondingly great, the most densely settled state is Rhode Island, with 318 inhabitants to a square mile. Next is Massachusetts, with 278. The most densely settled states are the northeastern manufac turing states. Then follow the agricultural states of the Mississippi valley and the south, and the column ends with the sparsely settled western states. Diagram 9, plate 2, shows the rank of the different states at each census. In 1790, 1800, and 1810 Virginia was the most populous state. Then its place was taken by New York, which started as the fourth, and this state has held the first rank continuously since. In 1790 Mas sachusetts was second. In 1800 she dropped to fourth place, and has since oscillated in rank, ending in 1890 in the sixth place. Thus the career of each state may be traced from the diagram from the time it appeared up to the date of the Lleventli Census. STATISTICAL ATLAS. 12 7. TOTAL POPULATION OF THE PRESENT AREA OF THE STATES 0 M A IN E . 1 0 M A SSA C H U SE T TS. 1 DELAW ARE. 2 R H O D E IS L A N D . N E W H A M P S H IR E . 0 1 0 1 M ARYLAN D . 0 1 V IR G IN IA A N D W E S T V IR G IN IA . N E W YO R K . 2 3 4 5 6 G E O R G IA . M ISSISSIP PI. N E W JE R S E Y . 0 1 2 F L O R ID A . 0 1 2 P E N N S Y L V A N IA . 3 4 5 13 STATISTICAL ATLAS. AND TERRITORIES AT EACH CENSUS, IN MILLIONS: 1790 1 TE N N E SSE E. ARK AN SAS. KEN TU CKY. 0 To 1890. 2 IL L IN O IS . 3 4 0 M IC H IG A N . 1 M ON TANA. W YO M IN G . A R IZ O N A . UTAH. * n M IN N E SO T A . COLORADO. N E W M EX ICO . 0 0 KAN SAS 1 1 2 N EBRASKA. NEVADA 0 N O R TH A N D SOUTH DAKOTA. 1 A r T T fA D V T A
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