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32 s t a t is t ic a l atlas. ILLITERACY AND EDUCATION. 14 0 . P e r c e n t a g e o f I l l i t e r a t e s i n t h e T o t a l P o p u l a t io n and 10 Y e a r s o f A g e a n d Ov e r , b y St a t e s 14 1. P r e c e n t a g e o f I l l it e r a t e T e r r i t o r i e s : 1 S 90 . [Per cent.] [Per cen t] STA TE S. 10 20 W h i t e i n t h e T o t a l W h i t e P o p u l a t i o n 10 Y e a r s o f A g e a n d O v e r , b y S t a t e s a n d T e r r i t o r i e s : 18 9 0 . 30 L O U IS IA N A 4-0 STATES. N E W M EX ICO SOUTH CA RO LIN A . NORTH C A R O L IN A N E W M EXICO A R IZ O N A ALABAM A L O U ISIA N A M IS S IS S IP P I ALABAM A G E O R G IA SOUTH C A R O L IN A N O R TH C A R O L IN A TEN N ESSEE V IR G IN IA G E O R G IA F L O R ID A ARK AN SAS TEN N ESSEE KEN TUCKY ARKAN SAS V IR G IN IA A R IZ O N A W E S T V IR G IN IA KEN TUCKY M IS S IS S IP P I TEXAS F L O R ID A M ARYLAND TEXAS W E S T V IR G IN I A RHODE IS L A N D DELAW ARE DELAW ARE D IS T . OF COL. M ISSOURI NEVADA M ARYLAN D RHODE IS L A N D N E W H AM PSH IR E M ISSO URI VERMONT C A L IF O R N IA W ISCONSIN N E W H A M PSH IR E P E N N S Y L V A N IA P E N N S Y L V A N IA M ASSACH U SETTS V ERM O N T M IN N E SO T A W ISC O N SIN IN D IA N A NEW JE R SE Y NORTH D A K O T A N E W JE R S E Y IN D IA N A M IC H IG A N M ASSACH U SETTS M A IN E M IN N E SO T A N EW YORK N ORTH D A K O T A CO N N E CTICU T M IC H IG A N UTAH UTAH IL L IN O IS M A IN E COLORADO NEW YORK OHIO M ON TANA C A L IF O R N IA O K LA H O M A NEVADA CO N N ECTICUT SO UTH D A K O T A OHIO M O N TA N A IL L IN O IS IOWA. COLORADO O K LA H O M A IDAH O ID AH O W A SH IN G TO N W A S H IN G T O N SOUTH D A K O T A W YO M IN G OREGON OREGON KAN SAS KAN SAS IO W A N EBRASKA W Y O M IN G D IST. CO LU M BIA N EBRASKA IL L IT E R A C Y . The Eleventh Census shows that out of a total popula tion 10 years of age and over of 47,413,559, 6,324,702 were illiterates, constituting 13.3 per cent of the entire number. Illiteracy is not distributed by any means uni formly among the different elements of the population, as is shown by Diagram 139. The entire area of the square represents the total number of the inhabitants 10 years of age and over. This square is divided into parts represent ing the proportional number of native whites, of foreign whites, and of colored, and each of these rectangles is divided into two parts, the white part representing the lit erate of that element and the shaded part the illiterate. Of the native whites only 6 per cent are illiterate, of the foreign whites 13 per cent, and of the colored not less than 57 per cent. Diagrams 140 to 144 show the proportion of illiterates by states and by elements of the population. The first of these, 140, shows the proportion of illiterates in the total population 10 years of age and over. The largest pro portion, by far, is in the southern states, and the smallest proportion in the north central and western states, while the north Atlantic states occupy a position midway of the column. The reasons for this distribution lie in the dis tribution of the foreign white and the colored elements, as is seen in the diagrams which follow. Diagram 141 shows the proportion of white illiterates to white population. Here the largest proportion of illit erates is found in New Mexico, and is due to the people of Spanish blood. Then come in almost unbroken series the southern states, while the lower part of the column, as before, is occupied by the north central and western states. Diagram 142 shows the distribution of the native white illiterates in a similar manner. Here, as before, New Mexico heads the list, followed by the southern states in almost unbroken order. But in the lower part of the column are found many of the northeastern states. Illit eracy among the native whites is very slight. Diagram 143 shows the proportion of foreign white illit erates, and Diagram 144 that of the colored. In this last diagram the southern states, the home of the negro ele ment, shows, with the exception of New Mexico, the greatest proportion of illiterates, while the colored of the northern states are seen to have acquired the elements of education to a much greater extent than elsewhere. 33 STATISTICAL ATLAS. 142. P e r c e n t a g e o e I l l i t e r a t e N a t i v e W h i t e i n t h e t o t a l N a t i v e W h i t e P o p u l a t i o n 10 Y e a r s o f A g e a n d O v e r , b y S t a t e s a n d T e r r i t o r i e s : 18 9 0 . 143. P e r c e n t a g e o f I l l it e r a t e F o r e ig n W h it e in t h e t o t a l F o r e ig n W h it e P o p u l a t io n of 10 20 Y ears [Per cent.] [ Per cent.] STATES. 10 A g e a n d O v e r , b y S t a t e s a n d T e r r i t o r i e s : 18 9 0 . 30 40 10 STATES. 20 30 40 — r~ N E W M EX ICO A R IZO N A N ORTH C A R O L IN A N E W M EXICO L O U IS IA N A TEXAS ALABAM A N E W H A M PSH IR E SOUTH C A R O L IN A V ERM O N T TEN N ESSEE M A IN E ARK AN SAS RHODE IS L A N D G E O R G IA L O U IS IA N A KEN TU CKY P E N N S Y L V A N IA V IR G IN IA DELAW ARE rs , W E ST V IR G IN IA M A SSA CH U SET TS M ISSISSIP PI W E S T V IR G IN IA F L O R ID A CO N N ECTICUT TEXAS M ARYLAND A R IZ O N A W ISCO N SIN MISSOURI NEW JE R SE Y DELAW ARE NEW YORK M ARYLAND M IC H IG A N IN D IA N A OHIO COLORADO M IN N ESO TA P E N N S Y L V A N IA IN D IA N A OHIO F L O R ID A OKLAH OM A C A L IF O R N IA VE R M O N T UTAH IL L IN O IS V IR G IN IA N E W JE R S E Y M IS S IS S IP P I M A IN E NEVADA M IC H IG A N KENTUCKY RHODE IS L A N D TE N N E SSE E UTAH IL L IN O IS W ISCONSIN D IS T . OF COL. KAN SAS IO W A ID A H O M ISSOURI NEW YO R K SOUTH D A K O T A IO W A KAN SAS N ORTH D A K O T A N O R TH D A K O T A OREGON ID AH O D IS T . OF COL. M ONTANA C A L IF O R N IA ALABAM A M ON TANA OREGON N E W H A M P S H IR E COLORADO M IN N E SO T A ARKAN SAS N EBRASEA N EBRASKA W Y O M IN G W YO M IN G W A SH IN G TO N W A SH IN G TO N SOUTH D A K O T A G E O R G IA CO N N ECTICUT SOUTH C A R O L IN A M ASSACH U SETTS O K LA H O M A NEVADA N O R TH C A R O L IN A 144. P e r c e n t a g e o f I l l i t e r a t e C o l o r e d i n t h e t o t a l C o l o r e d P o p u l a t io n 10 Y e a r s o f A g e a n d O v e r , by S t a t e s a n d T e r r i t o r i e s : 18 9 0 . [Per cent.] STATES. N E W M EX IC O L O U IS IA N A ALABAM A G E O R G IA SO U TH C A R O L IN A N O R TH C A R O L IN A M IS S IS S IP P I NEVADA V IR G I N I A KEN TU CKY TEN N ESSEE ARKAN SAS TEXAS A R IZ O N A F L O R ID A M ARYLAND DELAW ARE ID A H O N O R TH D A K O T A UTAH W A S H IN G T O N W E S T V IR G IN I A M ISSO U RI C A L IF O R N IA O K LA H O M A W ISCO NSIN M O N TA N A D IS T . OF COL. SOUTH D A K O T A KAN SAS IN D IA N A M A IN E M IC H IG A N M EW J E R S E Y OREGON ILL IN O IS IO W A N EBRASKA OHIO COLORADO N E W H AM PSH IRE M IN N E SO T A P E N N S Y L V A N IA VERM ONT RH O D E IS L A N D NEW YORK W Y O M IN G CO N N E CTIC U T M A SSA C H U SE T T S E D U CA TIO N . The total number of children enrolled in schools in the country in 1890 was 14,373,670, of which 90 per cent were white and 10 per cent were colored. Of the total number of pupils enrolled, 88 per cent were enrolled in public common schools, 6 per cent in private schools, and an equal proportion in parochial schools. These proportions are set forth in Diagrams 145 and 146. The increase in enrollment at each census during the past few censuses is shown in Diagram 147, where it appears that the proportion of enrollment to population was in 1840 but 12 per cent, that it has increased at every census, and in 1890 was 23 per cent, or nearly double the proportion half a century before. The proportion of enrollment in the various States is shown in Diagram 148, where it appears that the proportion of enrollment to population is greatest in Kansas, Missis sippi, and Tennessee, where it reaches 29 per cent, and from that as a maximum it diminishes and is least in Mon tana, Louisiana, and Wyoming, where it is but 14 per cent. The expenditure for schools in proportion to the num ber of pupils enrolled is shown by states in Diagram 149, where it appears that Colorado spends most lavishly for this purpose,her per capita expenditure being $25. Next are the District of Columbia with $24 and California with $23, Massachusetts, Arizona, and Nevada, each with $22, and Montana with $21. The northern and western states expend the most money for education and the southern the least, the column ending with Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina, with $2 each, and Alabama with $1. ■ 34 STATISTICAL ATLAS, 14 7 . P e r c e n t a g e o f t h e t o t a l P o p u l a t io n E n r o l l e d in D i s t r i b u t i o n o f t h e S c h o o l E n r o l l m e n t : 18 9 0 . 18 4 0 t o 145. B y color. Sch ools : 18 9 0 . 146. B y kind o f scliool. [Per cent. ] PUBLIC SCHOOLS PRIVATE SCHOOLS PAROCHIAL 5CHOOLS 148 . P e r c e n t a g e o f t h e t o t a l P o p u l a t io n E n r o l l e d i n S c h o o l s , b y S t a t e s a n d 14 9 . E x p e n d i t u r e p e r T e r r i t o r i e s : 18 9 0 . C a p it a o f P u p il s E n r o l l e d in C o m m o n S c h o o l s, b y St a t e s a n d T e r r i t o r i e s : 18 9 0 . [Dollars.] [Per cent.] STATES. STATES. KANSAS COLORADO TE N N E SSE E D IS T . OF COL. M IS S IS S IP P I C A L IF O R N IA IO W A M ASSACH U SETTS W E ST V IR G IN IA A R IZ O N A W ISCO N SIN NEVADA SOUTH D A K O T A M ON TANA M ISSO URI W Y O M IN G M IN N E SO T A N ORTH D A K O T A F L O R ID A RHODE IS L A N D IN D IA N A W A SH IN G TO N OHIO CO N N ECTICU T N EBRASKA NEW YORK KEN TU CKY SOUTH D A K O T A IL L IN O IS N E W JE R S E Y M IC H IG A N IL L IN O IS SO UTH C A R O L IN A M IN N E SO T A TEXAS OREGON M A IN E N EBRASKA UTAH N E W H A M PSH IR E VERM ONT OHIO ALABAM A IO W A OREGON M IC H IG A N V IR G IN IA P E N N S Y L V A N IA P E N N S Y L V A N IA KAN SAS G E O R G IA ID AH O ARKAN SAS IN D IA N A C A L IF O R N IA UTAH N ORTH D A K O T A W ISCO N SIN NEW YORK VE R M O N T DELAW ARE DELAW ARE M ARYLAND M ARYLAN D CO N N E CTIC U T M ISSO URI N EW JE R SE Y M A IN E D IS T . OF COL. TEXAS M ASSACH U SETTS W E S T V IR G IN IA SOUTH C A R O L IN A L O U IS IA N A N E W H A M P S H IR E F L O R ID A RHODE IS L A N D KENTUCKY ID AH O ARKAN SAS A R IZ O N A N E W M EXICO COLORADO V IR G IN IA NEVADA TEN N ESSEE W A SH IN G TO N M ISSIS S IP P I N E W M EXICO G E O R G IA M ON TANA SOUTH C A R O L IN A ] L O U IS IA N A N ORTH C A R O L IN A l W YO M IN G ALABAM A 10 20 30
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